hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Markku Salminen
Markku Salminen (9 September 1946 – 6 January 2004) was a Finnish orienteering competitor. He received a silver medal in the relay event and finished 13th in the individual event at the 1968 World Orienteering Championships in Linköping. In 1970 he finished 4th with the Finnish relay team. In 1974 he finished 16th in the individual event, and received a silver medal in the relay with the Finnish team. In 1976 he finished 5th in the individual event, and received a bronze in the relay. Salminen won the 1970 and 1978 Jukola relay.

Orienteering
Orienteering is a group of sports in which participants use a map and compass to navigate from point to point in unfamiliar terrain as quickly as possible.

The sport originated from military land-navigation training in the late 19th century. It has since evolved into several competitive forms where participants race against the clock and other competitors while navigating through checkpoints. Variants include automobile, underwater, mountain bike, ski, and trail orienteering. The most common form is foot orienteering, also known as FootO.

In formal foot-orienteering competitions, participants are given a specially prepared orienteering map, usually topographical, which they use to locate control points.

Orienteering is part of the World Games and the World Police and Fire Games.
Mònica López
Mònica López Moyano (born 10 January 1975) is a Spanish meteorologist and television presenter. She is a weather forecaster on Televisión Española's Telediario 2 and director of the meteorology area of RTVE. She has also been the presenter of the TVE1 program La Hora de la 1 since September 2020.

Meteorologist
A meteorologist is a scientist who studies and works in the field of meteorology aiming to understand or predict Earth's atmospheric phenomena including the weather. Those who study meteorological phenomena are meteorologists in research, while those using mathematical models and knowledge to prepare daily weather forecasts are called weather forecasters or operational meteorologists.

Meteorologists work in government agencies, private consulting and research services, industrial enterprises, utilities, radio and television stations, and in education. They are not to be confused with weather presenters, who present the weather forecast in the media and range in training from journalists having just minimal training in meteorology to full-fledged meteorologists.
Backworth
Backworth is a village in the metropolitan borough of North Tyneside in the county of Tyne and Wear, England, about 3+1⁄2 miles (6 km) west of Whitley Bay on the north east coast. It lies 5 miles (8 km) northeast of Newcastle upon Tyne. Other nearby towns include North Shields to the southeast, Wallsend to the south, and Cramlington to the northwest.

Backworth is often recognised to include Backworth Village, Castle Park Estate and Moorside Estate.

The hamlets of West Holywell and East Holywell lie to the northeast of Backworth. Shiremoor lies to the South-East and Earsdon to the East.

Cramlington
Cramlington is a new town and civil parish in Northumberland. It is 6 miles (9.7 kilometres) north of Newcastle upon Tyne. The name suggests a probable founding by the Danes or Anglo-Saxons.

The population was 28,843 as of 2021 census data from Northumberland County Council. It sits on the border between Northumberland and North Tyneside with the traffic interchange at Moor Farm, Annitsford, linking the two areas.

The area of East Cramlington lies east of the A189, on the B1326 road that connects the town to Seaton Delaval.
Matsuzaka Generation
The Matsuzaka Generation (松坂世代, Matsuzaka Sedai) is a term used to collectively describe the (usually Japanese) baseball players that belong to former Chunichi Dragons and Saitama Seibu Lions starting pitcher Daisuke Matsuzaka's age group. As per Japanese laws on how children are to be divided into grade levels, this term refers to players born between April 2, 1980, and April 1, 1981.

The term was coined by the Japanese media as the age group that came to be known as one of the deepest and most talented in Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) history.

Educational stage
Educational stages are subdivisions of formal learning, typically covering early childhood education, primary education, secondary education and tertiary education. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) recognizes nine levels of education in its International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) system (from Level 0 (pre-primary education) through Level 8 (doctoral)). UNESCO's International Bureau of Education maintains a database of country-specific education systems and their stages. Some countries divide levels of study into grades or forms for school children in the same year.
Camarines Sur's 4th congressional district
Camarines Sur's 4th congressional district is one of the five congressional districts of the Philippines in the province of Camarines Sur. It has been represented in the House of Representatives since 1987. The district consists of municipalities in the Partido region of eastern Camarines Sur, namely Caramoan, Garchitorena, Goa, Lagonoy, Presentacion, Sagñay, San Jose, Siruma, Tigaon and Tinambac. It is currently represented in the 18th Congress by Arnulf Bryan Fuentebella of the Nationalist People's Coalition (NPC).

Presentacion
Presentacion, officially the Municipality of Presentacion (Central Bikol: Banwaan kan Presentacion; Tagalog: Bayan ng Presentacion), is a municipality in the province of Camarines Sur, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 23,323 people.

It is formerly known as Parubcan.
Krymske, Luhansk Oblast
Krymske (Ukrainian: Кримське; Russian: Крымское) is a village in Sievierodonetsk Raion (district) in Luhansk Oblast of eastern Ukraine, at about 50 km NW from the centre of Luhansk city.

The village is situated on the right bank of the Siverskyi Donets. It belongs to Hirske urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.

Hirske urban hromada
Hirske urban hromada (Ukrainian: Гірська міська громада) is a hromada of Ukraine, located in Sievierodonetsk Raion, Luhansk Oblast. Its administrative center is the city Hirske.

It has an area of 169.8 square kilometres (65.6 sq mi) and a population of 33,125, as of 2020.

The hromada contains 11 settlements: 2 cities (Hirske and Zolote), 3 towns (Nizhne, Novotoshkivske, and Toshkivka), and 6 villages:
Stefan Fazekas
Stefan (István, Stephan) Fazekas  (23 March 1898, Sátoraljaújhely, Zemplén County, Kingdom of Hungary – 3 May 1967, Buckhurst Hill, Essex, England) was a Czechoslovak–British chess master.

Born in Austria-Hungary, he lived in Czechoslovakia after World War I. In 1938, he emigrated to England.

In 1925, he tied for 8–9th in Bratislava (Richard Réti won). In 1926, he tied for 10–11th in Budapest (Max Walter won). In 1929, he took 2nd in Košice. In 1930, he tied for 3rd–4th in Prague (Salo Flohr won). In 1931, he took 3rd in Brno (Flohr won). In 1935, he tied for 2nd–4th in Luhačovice (Karel Opočensky won). In 1936, he tied for 17–18th in Poděbrady (Flohr won).

In 1940, he took 9th in London (Harry Golombek and Paul List won). Dr Fazekas was British Champion in 1957, and is the oldest player ever to have won the title.  In 1962–1964, he played in 4th World Correspondence Chess Championship (semifinal).

Fazekas was awarded the IM title in 1953 and the IMC title in 1964.

Poděbrady
Poděbrady (Czech pronunciation: [ˈpoɟɛbradɪ]; German: Podiebrad) is a spa town in Nymburk District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 15,000 inhabitants. It lies on the Elbe River. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone.
Iqbalpur Assembly constituency
Iqbalpur was one of the 70 constituencies of the Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly in Uttarakhand state of north India. It was abolished in 2012 following the delimitation.
It was a part of Haridwar (Lok Sabha constituency).

Haridwar Lok Sabha constituency
Haridwar Lok Sabha constituency is one of the five Lok Sabha (parliamentary) constituencies in Uttarakhand. It comprises two districts namely Dehradun (part) and Haridwar. This constituency came into existence in 1977, following the delimitation of Lok Sabha constituencies. Between the period of 1977 and 2009, this constituency was reserved for the Scheduled Caste candidates.
Ira Cohen
Ira Cohen (February 3, 1935 – April 25, 2011) was an American poet, publisher, photographer and filmmaker.

Cohen lived in Morocco and in New York City in the 1960s, he was in Kathmandu in the 1970s and traveled the world in the 1980s, before returning to New York, where he spent the rest of his life. Cohen died  of kidney failure on April 25, 2011.
Ira Cohen's literary archive now resides at the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University.

October Gallery
October Gallery is an art gallery in central London, England, established in 1979. It is notable for promoting the work of artists of the "Transvangarde" or trans-cultural avant-garde movement. The gallery also hosts talks, performances and seminars.

Among notable contemporary international artists whose work has been shown at October Gallery are Aubrey Williams, El Anatsui, James Barnor, Sokari Douglas Camp, Eddy Kamuanga Ilunga, Naomi Gakunga, Ablade Glover, Owusu-Ankomah, Romuald Hazoumè, and Rachid Koraïchi.
Penstemon tracyi
Penstemon tracyi is a rare species of penstemon known by the common names Trinity penstemon and Tracy's beardtongue.

The plant is endemic to Trinity County, California, where it is known from fewer than 10 occurrences in the Trinity Alps, of the Klamath Mountains. It grows in exposed rocky outcrops and barren talus in the high mountains.

Trinity County, California
Trinity County is a county located in the northwestern portion of the U.S. state of California. Trinity County is rugged, mountainous, heavily forested, and lies along the Trinity River (for which it is named) within the Salmon, Klamath Mountains, as well as a portion of the Scott, Trinity, and North Yolla Bolly Mountains. It is also one of three counties in California with no incorporated cities (the other two counties in California with that distinction are Alpine and Mariposa counties).

As of the 2020 census, the population was 16,112, making it the fifth least-populous county in California, and the least-populous of California's 27 original counties. The county seat and largest community is Weaverville.
Sumatran laughingthrush
The Sumatran laughingthrush (Garrulax bicolor), also known as the black-and-white laughingthrush, is a member of the family Leiothrichidae. It was formerly treated as a subspecies of the white-crested laughingthrush (G. leucolophus), but unlike that species the plumage of the Sumatran laughingthrush is blackish-brown and white.

It is endemic to highland forest on the Indonesian island of Sumatra, where it is threatened by habitat loss and capture for the domestic wildlife trade. Despite being protected in Indonesia, illegal trade continues, often carried out openly in bird markets on Sumatra and Java. As there appears to be an increase in international demand for this species, there have been calls for better international protection through the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES).

Laughingthrush
The laughingthrushes are a family, Leiothrichidae, of Old World passerine birds. The family contains 143 species and is divided into 17 genera. The species are diverse in size and coloration. These are birds of tropical areas, with the greatest variety in Southeast Asia and the Indian subcontinent.  The entire family used to be included in the Old World babbler family Timaliidae.
Giucoșin
The Giucoșin (Serbian: Ђукошин, romanized: Đukošin or Ђукошина речица/Đukošina rečica) is a left tributary of the river Aranca in Romania and Serbia. It discharges into the Aranca (Zlatica) near Jazovo. Today, it is for the most part a dry riverbed because the water flows into the Kikinda Canal, part of the Danube-Tisa-Danube water system.

Jazovo
Jazovo (Serbian Cyrillic: Јазово, Hungarian: Hódegyháza) is a village in Serbia. It is situated in the Čoka municipality, North Banat District, Vojvodina province. The village has a Hungarian ethnic majority 
(85.07%) and its population numbering 978 people (2002 census).
Ghugni
Ghugni (Bengali: ঘুগনি, Bhojpuri: 𑂐𑂳𑂐𑂳𑂢𑂲) or Guguni (Odia: ଗୁଗୁନି) is a dish made of peas or chickpeas in Nepal, Bangladesh, and Odisha, West Bengal, Jharkhand, Bihar, and Uttar Pradesh in India. Different variations of the dish use different types of peas or chickpeas, such as black gram, green peas, or white peas. It is usually eaten for breakfast with toasted bread or puri, but can also be served as the main course for lunch or dinner. It can be made either with or without the use of onion and garlic.

In Odisha, guguni is usually eaten with puri, upma, chakuli, idli, samosa (singada), bara, or pithas.

Breakfast
Breakfast is the first meal of the day, usually eaten in the morning. The word in English refers to breaking the fasting period of the previous night. Various "typical" or "traditional" breakfast menus exist, with food choices varying by regions and traditions worldwide.
Henry Maxwell, 7th Baron Farnham
The Rt Hon. Henry Maxwell, 7th Baron Farnham, K.P. (9 August 1799 – 20 August 1868), was an Irish peer, a Member of Parliament, an evangelical Orangeman and County Cavan landowner. During the hunger years of late 1820s and late 1840s, he was much reviled for evicting tenants and for offering relief only on condition of conversion to Protestantism.

The Right Honourable
The Right Honourable (abbreviation: The Rt Hon. or variations) is an honorific style traditionally applied to certain persons and collective bodies in the United Kingdom, the former British Empire, and the Commonwealth of Nations. The term is predominantly used today as a style associated with the holding of certain senior public offices in the United Kingdom, Canada, New Zealand, and, to a lesser extent, Australia and Nepal.

Right in this context is an adverb meaning 'very' or 'fully'. Grammatically, The Right Honourable is an adjectival phrase which gives information about a person. As such, it is not considered correct to apply it in direct address, nor to use it on its own as a title in place of a name; but rather it is used in the third person along with a name or noun to be modified.

Right may be abbreviated to Rt, and Honourable to Hon., or both. The is sometimes dropped in written abbreviated form, but is always pronounced.
Guy Franklin Van Eaton
Guy Franklin Van Eaton (August 20, 1878 – January 9, 1950) was an American-born farmer and politician in Saskatchewan, Canada. He represented Shellbrook from 1945 to 1948 in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan as a Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) member.

He was born in Iowa, grew up in South Dakota and continued his education in Tacoma, Washington. He married Anna Flavel Van Eaton in 1910 and came to Canada in 1916, settling near Vanscoy, Saskatchewan. Van Eaton became a member of the Saskatchewan Wheat Pool. In 1927, he moved to a farm near Shellbrook. He ran unsuccessfully for a seat in the provincial assembly in 1929; in 1938, Van Eaton was campaign manager for Albert Mansfield, a CCF candidate running for the provincial Shellbrook seat. He was elected to the provincial assembly in a 1945 by-election held following the death of Albert Victor Sterling.

Vanscoy, Saskatchewan
Vanscoy (2016 population: 462) is a village in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within the Rural Municipality of Vanscoy No. 345 and Census Division No. 12. Vanscoy is located on Highway 7 near Highway 762 in central Saskatchewan, 29 km southwest of the City of Saskatoon. Rice Lake is to the west, Goose Lake is to the north, and Pike Lake and Pike Lake Provincial Park are to the east. One of the largest economic industries near Vanscoy is Agrium Vanscoy Potash Operations which produces 1,790,000 metric tonnes of potash a year. Community facilities include a circle hall, ice rink, curling rink and ball diamond.

Highway 7 formerly passed through the townsite, but in the 2010s it was rerouted to the north, bypassing the village.
Diane Hathaway
Diane Marie Hathaway (born February 28, 1954) is a former Justice of the Michigan Supreme Court and a convicted felon. Hathaway, a Democrat, was elected on November 4, 2008, to an 8-year term which commenced in January 2009. Hathaway retired from the court effective January 21, 2013, after being charged with felony criminal mortgage fraud, to which she pleaded guilty on January 29, 2013, and was sentenced to a year in prison.

Mortgage fraud
Mortgage fraud refers to an intentional misstatement, misrepresentation, or omission of information relied upon by an underwriter or lender to fund, purchase, or insure a loan secured by real property.

Criminal offenses may be prosecuted in either federal or state court, and are typically charged under wire fraud, bank fraud, mail fraud, or money laundering statutes, with penalties of imprisonment for up to 30 years per offense. As the incidence of mortgage fraud has risen over the past few years, states have also begun to enact their own penalties for mortgage fraud.

Mortgage fraud is not to be confused with predatory mortgage lending, which occurs when a consumer is misled or deceived by agents of the lender. However, predatory lending practices often co-exist with mortgage fraud.
David Cox (historian and mountaineer)
Anthony David Machell Cox (8 June 1913 – 25 October 1994) was a historian and mountaineer.

David Cox was born in Plymouth, and he spent his teenage years in Yelverton, Devon, where his father was headmaster of a prep school. Cox attended Clifton College, Bristol. In 1932 he went on to study Greats and modern history at Hertford College, Oxford.

Preparatory school (United Kingdom)
A preparatory school (or, shortened: prep school) in the United Kingdom is a fee-charging private primary school that caters for children up to approximately the age of 13.  The term "preparatory school" is used as it prepares the children for the Common Entrance Examination in order to secure a place at an independent secondary school, typically one of the English public schools.  They are also preferred by some parents in the hope of getting their child into a state selective grammar school. Most prep schools are inspected by the Independent Schools Inspectorate, which is overseen by Ofsted on behalf of the Department for Education.
Mikel Astarloza
Mikel Astarloza Chaurreau (born 17 November 1979 in Gipuzkoa, Basque Country) is a Spanish former professional road bicycle racer, who competed as a professional between 2002 and 2009, and 2011 to 2013.

Klasika Primavera
The Klasika Primavera (English: Spring classic) is a single-day road bicycle race held annually in April in Amorebieta, Spain. Since 2005, the race is organised as a 1.1 event on the UCI Europe Tour.

Established in 1946 as Gran Premio de Primavera, it is now held as Klasika Primavera. It is also known as Clásica de Amorebieta.
Mentasta Mountains
The Mentasta Mountains in the eastern part of the U.S. state of Alaska form the eastern end of the Alaska Range.
They lie south of the Alaska Highway, east of the Glenn Highway, north of the Wrangell Mountains, and west of the Nabesna River. Across the Glenn Highway lies the continuation of the Alaska Range, while across the Nabesna River lie the Nutzotin Mountains. They form the northern boundary of Wrangell-St. Elias National Park & Preserve. The highest point of the Mentasta Mountains is an unnamed peak unofficially called Tetlin Peak with an elevation of 8,365 feet (2,550 m).

Glenn Highway
The Glenn Highway (part of Alaska Route 1) is a highway in the U.S. state of Alaska, extending 179 miles (288 km) from Anchorage near Merrill Field to Glennallen on the Richardson Highway. The Tok Cut-Off is often considered part of the Glenn Highway, for a total length of 328 miles (528 km).
Muzi Koti
Muzi Koti (Persian: موزي كتي, also Romanized as Mūzī Kotī) is a village in Khvosh Rud Rural District, Bandpey-ye Gharbi District, Babol County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 99, in 25 families.

Babol County
Babol County(Persian: شهرستان بابل) is the most populous county in Mazandaran province and the second most populous county in northern Iran. The capital of the county is the city of Babol. Babol County consists of six districts, seven cities, and nearly 700 villages.

The elevation of the city of Babol is 2 meters below sea level, making it the "lowest" city in Mazandaran province. The elevation in the county, from the north to 10 kilometers south, is below sea level. The city of Babol is divided into two urban areas. The population of Babol in 2016 was 250,217, and that of Babol County 531,930.
The Absentee (novel)
The Absentee is a novel by Maria Edgeworth, published in 1812 in Tales of Fashionable Life, that expresses the systemic evils of the absentee landlord class of Anglo-Irish and the desperate condition of the Irish peasantry. There are many turns of plot and much information about Ireland as well as Irish dialect and details of shallow London fashionable life, and the egregious results of the propertied classes treating their Irish lands as a resource to be exploited rather than as a relationship among classes and with the land. In this respect, it addresses similar themes to her first novel, Castle Rackrent.

Absentee landlord
In economics, an absentee landlord is a person who owns and rents out a profit-earning property, but does not live within the property's local economic region. The term "absentee ownership" was popularised by economist Thorstein Veblen's 1923 book of the same name, Absentee Ownership. Overall, tax policy seems to favour absentee ownership. However, some jurisdictions seek to extract money from absentee owners by taxing land. Absentee ownership has sometimes put the absentee owners at risk of loss.
Aso ebi
Asọ-Ẹbí (Yoruba), sometimes spelt as Asọẹbí in Nigeria, is a uniform dress or dressing code/style that is traditionally worn by the Yoruba People  is an indicator of cooperation, camaraderie and solidarity during ceremonies, events and festive periods. The purpose of wearing the dress can be to serve as self-identification with age mates, relatives or friends during social occasions or funerals.

Uniform
A uniform is a variety of costume worn by members of an organization while usually participating in that organization's activity. Modern uniforms are most often worn by armed forces and paramilitary organizations such as police, emergency services, security guards, in some workplaces and schools, and by inmates in prisons. In some countries, some other officials also wear uniforms in their duties; such is the case of the Commissioned Corps of the United States Public Health Service or the French prefects. For some organizations, such as police, it may be illegal for non-members to wear the uniform.
Human dynamics
Human dynamics refer to a branch of complex systems research in statistical physics such as the movement of crowds and queues and other systems of complex human interactions including statistical modelling of human networks, including interactions over communications networks.

Statistical model
A statistical model is a mathematical model that embodies a set of statistical assumptions concerning the generation of sample data (and similar data from a larger population). A statistical model represents, often in considerably idealized form, the data-generating process. When referring specifically to probabilities, the corresponding term is probabilistic model. All statistical hypothesis tests and all statistical estimators are derived via statistical models. More generally, statistical models are part of the foundation of statistical inference. A statistical model is usually specified as a mathematical relationship between one or more random variables and other non-random variables.  As such, a statistical model is "a formal representation of a theory" (Herman Adèr quoting Kenneth Bollen).