hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Louise Westmarland
Louise Westmarland is a British criminologist and Professor of Criminology at Open University, where she is also head of discipline in social policy and criminology. She has researched police conduct since the early 2000s. Her research focuses on police and policing, including gender and policing, homicide investigations, and corruption, integrity and ethics. She is director of the International Centre for Comparative Criminological Research. She earned her PhD at Durham University in 1998 with the thesis An ethnography of gendered policing. According to Google Scholar her work has been cited over 3,000 times in academic literature.

In January 2024 Westmarland's comparison of Jo Phoenix to a "racist uncle" was mentioned in the judgment of an employment tribunal case Phoenix brought against her former employer.

Homicide
Homicide is an act in which a person causes the death of another person. A homicide requires only a volitional act, or an omission, that causes the death of another, and thus a homicide may result from accidental, reckless, or negligent acts even if there is no intent to cause harm.

Homicides can be divided into many overlapping legal categories, such as murder, manslaughter, justifiable homicide, assassination, killing in war (either following the laws of war or as a war crime), euthanasia, and capital punishment, depending on the circumstances of the death. These different types of homicides are often treated very differently in human societies; some are considered crimes, while others are permitted or even ordered by the legal system.
Robert de Wilde
Robert de Wilde (born April 30, 1977, in Kampen) is a Dutch professional "Mid/Current School" Bicycle Motocross (BMX) racer whose prime competitive years were from 1990 to 2003. His nicknames are "The Flying Dutchman" in reference to his speed and his nationality and "Afro-Bob" because of his long wild, uncombed hair. He was chosen for the Dutch BMX Olympic team to participate in the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China where he reached the quarter-finals.

BMX
BMX, an abbreviation for bicycle motocross or bike motocross, is a cycle sport performed on BMX bikes, either in competitive BMX racing or freestyle BMX, or else in general street or off-road recreation.
Incomplete repetition
Incomplete repetition is a musical form featuring two large sections, the second being a partial or incomplete re-presentation or repetition of the first.

This form is used throughout the traditional Plains-Pueblo Native American music where the first section uses vocables and the second uses meaningful words or lyrics. Typical formal schemes include ABC, BC, AABC, and ABC and each section uses a tile type melodic contour.

Examples of AABC form include Tadd Dameron's "Lady Bird".

Melodic motion
Melodic motion is the quality of movement of a melody, including nearness or farness of successive pitches or notes in a melody. This may be described as conjunct or disjunct, stepwise, skipwise or no movement, respectively. See also contrapuntal motion. In a conjunct melodic motion, the melodic phrase moves in a stepwise fashion; that is the subsequent notes move up or down a semitone or tone, but no greater. In a disjunct melodic motion, the melodic phrase leaps upwards or downwards; this movement is greater than a whole tone. 
In popular Western music, a melodic leap of disjunct motion is often present in the chorus of a song, to distinguish it from the verses and captivate the audience.
2021 Estoril Open – Doubles
Hugo Nys and Tim Pütz defeated Luke Bambridge and Dominic Inglot in the final, 7–5, 3–6, [10–3], to win the doubles tennis title at the 2021 Estoril Open. It was Nys and Pütz's first title as a team in their second tournament together on the ATP Tour, marking Nys's second and Pütz's third individual career tour-level doubles titles. Bambridge and Inglot were in contention for their first title as a team after reaching their first tour-level final without dropping a set.

Jérémy Chardy and Fabrice Martin were the defending champions from when the tournament was last held in 2019, but Chardy did not return to compete. Martin played alongside Édouard Roger-Vasselin but lost in the first round to Cristian Garín and David Vega Hernández.

Fabrice Martin
Fabrice Martin (French pronunciation: [fabʁis maʁtɛ̃]; born 11 September 1986) is a French professional tennis player and coach. He reached a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 228 on 23 July 2012, and his highest ATP doubles ranking of world No. 19 on 24 April 2023.
Bumblebee models
Bumblebee models are effective field theories describing a vector field with a vacuum expectation value that spontaneously breaks Lorentz symmetry.  A bumblebee model is the simplest case of a theory with spontaneous Lorentz symmetry breaking.

The development of bumblebee models was motivated primarily by the discovery that mechanisms in string theory (and subsequently other quantum theories of gravity) can lead to tensor-valued fields acquiring vacuum expectation values. Bumblebee models are different from local U(1) gauge theories. Nevertheless, in some bumblebee models, massless modes that behave like photons can appear.

Special relativity
In physics, the special theory of relativity, or special relativity for short, is a scientific theory of the relationship between space and time. In Albert Einstein's 1905 paper, 
"On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies", the theory is presented as being based on just two postulates:

The laws of physics are invariant (identical) in all inertial frames of reference (that is, frames of reference with no acceleration). This is known as the principle of relativity.

The speed of light in vacuum is the same for all observers, regardless of the motion of light source or observer. This is known as the principle of light constancy, or the principle of light speed invariance.

The first postulate was first formulated by Galileo Galilei (see Galilean invariance).
2018 Premiership Rugby Sevens Series
The 2018 Premiership Rugby Sevens Series would be the eighth rugby union sevens competition for the twelve clubs who compete in the 2018–19 Premiership Rugby clubs. It was also the second to feature the new format in which all twelve Premiership Rugby teams feature together in one venue over two days.

The competition would be held at Franklin's Gardens for the second successive year on 27 and 28 July 2018.

Franklin's Gardens
Franklin's Gardens (currently known for sponsorship purposes as cinch Stadium at Franklin's Gardens) is a purpose-built rugby stadium in Northampton, England. It is the home stadium of Northampton Saints and Loughborough Lightning. The stadium holds 15,249 people. It is also a conference, meeting, and events venue, as well as the only Premiership Rugby ground with its own cenotaph, the setting for a ceremony every Remembrance Weekend.
Joe's Valley
Joe's Valley is a large concentration of sandstone boulders east of the Joe's Valley Reservoir near Orangeville, Utah. Joe's is a popular destination for bouldering, divided into three main areas: the Left Fork, the Right Fork, and New Joe's. Climbers have been coming to Joe's Valley since the mid-1990's, and an estimated 15,000 climbers visit Joe's each year.

The climbing is found in three main areas: Left Fork, Right Fork, and New Joe's. Each area has many world class climbs, some of which are listed in the Famous Problems section below.

Joe's Valley Bouldering Fest takes place every fall, drawing competitive climbers from all over the world.

Orangeville, Utah
Orangeville is a city in northwestern Emery County, Utah, United States, at the edge of the Manti-La Sal National Forest. The city is at the junction of State Routes 29 and 57, straddling the banks of Cottonwood Creek. The population was 1,224 at the 2020 census.
2017–18 Cymru Alliance
The 2017–18 Cymru Alliance (known as the Huws Gray Cymru Alliance for sponsorship reasons) is the 28th season of the top football league in North Wales. Mirroring its South Wales counterpart the Welsh Football League Division One, the 16-team division forms half of the second tier of the Welsh football league system and falls one level below the nationwide Welsh Premier League. The season began 12 August 2017 and is scheduled to conclude on 31 March 2018.

Welsh football league system
The Welsh football league system (or pyramid) is a series of football leagues with regular promotion and relegation between them.

It consists of four main tiers, as well as lower local leagues.

While most Welsh clubs play in the Welsh pyramid and most clubs in that pyramid are Welsh, five Welsh clubs play in English leagues, and four English clubs play in Welsh leagues.
Raid on Port Dover
The Raid on Port Dover was an episode during the War of 1812. American troops crossed Lake Erie to capture or destroy stocks of grain and destroy mills at Port Dover in Upper Canada, which were used to provide flour for British troops stationed on the Niagara Peninsula. At the instigation of Lieutenant Colonel John B. Campbell and without sanction from his superiors or the government of the United States, the Americans also destroyed private houses and other property, prompting British commanders to demand reprisals in other theatres of the war. To some degree, the burning of Washington by the British later in the year was influenced by the American actions at Port Dover.

Niagara Peninsula
The Niagara Peninsula is an isthmus lying between the southwestern shore of Lake Ontario and the northeastern shore of Lake Erie, in Ontario, Canada. Technically an isthmus rather than a peninsula, it stretches from the Niagara River in the east to Hamilton, Ontario, in the west. The peninsula is located in the Golden Horseshoe region of Southern Ontario, and has a population of roughly 500 000  residents. The region directly across the Niagara River and Lake Erie in New York State is known as the Niagara Frontier.
1886–87 United States Senate elections
The 1886–87 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1886 and 1887, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock. In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 1.

The Republican Party lost two seats.  At the beginning of the 50th Congress, therefore, Republicans had the slimmest possible majority due to a vacant Democratic seat: 38 out of 75 seats.  Once that vacancy was filled, Republicans maintained control as the single Readjuster senator caucused with them.

Thomas C. Platt
Thomas Collier Platt (July 15, 1833 – March 6, 1910), also known as Tom Platt and Easy Boss, was an American politician who was a two-term member of the U.S. House of Representatives (1873–1877) and a three-term U.S. Senator from New York in 1881 and 1897 to 1909. He is best known as the "political boss" of the Republican Party in New York State in the late 19th century and early 20th century. Upon his death, the New York Times stated that "no man ever exercised less influence in the Senate or the House of Representatives than he," but "no man ever exercised more power as a political leader." He considered himself the "political godfather" of many Republican governors of the state, including Theodore Roosevelt.

Platt played a key role in the creation of the City of Greater New York, which incorporated together the boroughs of New York (Manhattan), Kings (Brooklyn), Queens, Richmond (Staten Island) and Bronx counties.
Giuliano Avaca
Giuliano Avaca (born 25 February 2003) is an Argentine rugby union player who last played for Benetton in United Rugby Championship.

Signed in August 2022 as Academy Player for Benetton in United Rugby Championship, he made his debut for Benetton in Round 5 of the 2022–23 United Rugby Championship against Edinburgh. After the loan to Serie A Elite team Mogliano in 2022−23, he was confirmed in its roster for next season.

Under contract with Mogliano, Avaca was named as Permit Player for Benetton in July 2024 ahead of the 2024–25 United Rugby Championship season.
He played with Mogliano in Serie A Elite until summer 2025.

In 2022, Avaca was named in the Argentina Under 20 squad.

On 30 November 2023 he was called in Italy Under 23 squad for test series against IRFU Combined Academies.

Italy A national rugby union team
The Italy A national rugby union team (Italian: Nazionale A di rugby a 15 dell'Italia, also known as Italia Emergenti which means Italy Emerging Players, Italia XV or Italia Under 23) are the second national rugby union team in Italy after the national side.

They competed in the Six Nations "A" from 2000 to 2003, in the IRB Nations Cup from 2006 until 2013, except in 2011 when they played the Churchill Cup. They have also participated in the IRB Tbilisi Cup in 2014.

From 2016 to 2018 it played in the World Rugby Nations Cup.
Honesty bar
An honesty bar is an unattended beverage bar, typically in the lobby or lounge of a hotel, where payment is left to the guest. Honesty bars differ significantly from in-room mini-bars, where any consumption is automatically charged to the guest's account.

Honesty bars are less common than staffed bars, but can be found in a number of boutique hotels and other small hotels, and the executive floors of fine hotels. No staff attend the bar and therefore it is left to the honesty of the guest to report their own consumption. Honesty bars are convenient, since a guest can make or serve a drink at any time, keeping a tab for themself for the length of the stay. Generally drinks are cheaper in an honesty bar, since no staff must be paid to attend the area continuously.

Honesty bars are generally stocked with popular beverages, mixers, and feature a standard bar setup. It is common to find a manual of basic cocktails.

Boutique hotel
Boutique hotels are small-capacity hotels that provide more personalized service than typical hotels. They typically have fewer than a hundred rooms, and are considered more "trendy" and "intimate", often due to their location in urban areas. They will usually also display a strong sense of aesthetic, and have a unique, un-homogenized character. They may be themed too, such as by having a focus on nature, environment, cuisine, history, community and cultural immersion, attentive service, or well-being.
Nobuyuki Tsujii
Nobuyuki Tsujii (辻井 伸行, Tsujii Nobuyuki) (also known as Nobu Tsujii) is a Japanese pianist and composer. He was born blind due to microphthalmia. Tsujii performs extensively, with a large number of conductors and orchestras, and has received critical acclaim for his unique techniques for learning music and performing with an orchestra while being unable to see.

Yomiuri Nippon Symphony Orchestra
The Yomiuri Nippon Symphony Orchestra (読売日本交響楽団, Yomiuri Nippon Kōkyō Gakudan) is a Japanese symphony orchestra administratively based in Tokyo. The orchestra primarily performs concerts in Tokyo at the Suntory Hall, but also gives concerts at the Tokyo Opera City Concert Hall and also performs in Yokohama at the Yokohama Minato Mirai Hall.
Dalmuir
Dalmuir (/dælˈmjʊər/; Scottish Gaelic: Dail Mhoire) is an area nine miles (fourteen kilometres) northwest of Glasgow, Scotland, on the western side of Clydebank, and part of West Dunbartonshire Council Area.  The name is a lowland Scots derivation of the Gaelic meaning Big Field.  The area was originally two separate villages with Dalmuir Shore joining with Clydebank in 1886 and Dalmuir Village in 1906, during a period of rapid industrialisation and expansion.    Dalmuir is bounded by the village of Old Kilpatrick to the west, the Mountblow and Parkhall housing schemes to the north, and the Clydebank town centre area to the east.  To the south is the River Clyde.

Wet Wet Wet
Wet Wet Wet are a Scottish soft rock band formed in 1982. They had a number of hits on the UK charts and around the world in the 1980s and 1990s, becoming best known for their 1994 cover of the Troggs' 1960s hit "Love Is All Around", which was used on the soundtrack to the film Four Weddings and a Funeral. The song was an international success, and spent 15 weeks at the top of the UK singles chart.

The band is currently composed of founding member Graeme Clark (bass, vocals) and lead vocalist Kevin Simm, who replaced founding member Marti Pellow in 2018 after he left during the previous year. Graeme Duffin (lead guitar, vocals) has also been with the band as a touring musician since 1983. The band were named Best British Newcomer at the 1988 Brit Awards.
Behramiyah Mosque
The Behramiyah Mosque (Arabic: جَامِع الْبَهْرَمِيَّة, romanized: Jāmiʿ Bahramīyah) is a mosque in Aleppo, Syria. Completed during the Ottoman period, the mosque is located in al-Jalloum district to the west of the Citadel, between gate of Antioch and Khan al-Jumrok, within the historic walls of the Ancient City of Aleppo, a World Heritage Site.

Bab Antakeya
Bāb Antakiya (Arabic: بَاب أَنْطَاكِيَّة, romanized: Bāb ʾAnṭākīyah, Aleppo Arabic: [ˈbæːb ˈntˤaːkjɛ], "Gate of Antioch") is a critical defense gate in Aleppo, which protects the city from the west. Bab Antakiya is located in the centre of the western wall of the old city of Aleppo, and its name was derived from Antioch, the capital of ancient Syria, as the gate was the main exit which was leading to the city of Antioch.
Fu Shanxiang
Fu Shanxiang (Chinese: 傅善祥; 1833 – 1864) was a Chinese scholar from Nanjing who became Chancellor under the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, a rebel Chinese state opposed to the Qing dynasty in the 1850s. Fu is known as the first (and only) female Zhuangyuan in Chinese history (though her examinations were under the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, not the Qing dynasty).

Chancellor
Chancellor (Latin: cancellarius) is a title of various official positions in the governments of many countries. The original chancellors were the cancellarii of Roman courts of justice—ushers, who sat at the cancelli (lattice work screens) of a basilica (court hall), which separated the judge and counsel from the audience. A chancellor's office is called a chancellery or chancery. The word is now used in the titles of many various officers in various settings (government, education, religion). Nowadays, the term is most often used to describe:

The head of the government

A person in charge of foreign affairs

A person with duties related to justice

A person in charge of financial and economic issues

The head of a university
Max Creek
Max Creek is an American rock band formed in Hartford, Connecticut, in 1971. A significant presence in the New England music scene, Max Creek is known as a pioneering "jam band." For over fifty years they have regularly performed at various iconic venues and music festivals, showcasing their live performances. Members of Max Creek have collaborated with and opened for notable artists and members of prominent acts, including: Leon Russell, Bruce Hornsby, Phish, The Band, Talking Heads, Jefferson Airplane, The Allman Brothers Band, and Grateful Dead.

Country rock
Country rock is a music genre that fuses rock and country. It was developed by rock musicians who began to record country-flavored records and country musicians who implemented rock flavor into country records in the late 1960s and early 1970s. These musicians recorded records blending rock with country themes, vocal styles, and additional instrumentation, most characteristically pedal steel guitars. Country rock began in the late 60s with artists like the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band, International Submarine Band, The Flying Burrito Brothers, The Byrds, Bob Dylan, Bob Seger and Poco, reaching its greatest popularity in the 1970s with artists such as Eagles, Grateful Dead, Gram Parsons and New Riders of the Purple Sage. Country rock also influenced artists in other genres, including The Band, the Grateful Dead, Creedence Clearwater Revival, The Rolling Stones, and George Harrison's solo work, as well as playing a part in the development of Southern rock.
Hedvig Eleonora Church (Karlskrona)
The Hedvig Eleonora Church was located in Karlskrona, Blekinge County, southern Sweden. It was situated at the corner of Drottninggatan/Östra Köpmangatan. Consecrated in 1685, it was the city's first parish church, and was built as a temporary wooden church in anticipation of a stone church which the king promised that the Crown would fund. The church was named after the then Queen Dowager Hedvig Eleonora of Holstein-Gottorp.  It was in use from 1681 until 1744 when it was replaced by Fredrikskyrkan. The churchyard has been converted into a park.

Hedwig Eleonora of Holstein-Gottorp
Hedwig Eleonora of Holstein-Gottorp (23 October 1636 – 24 November 1715) was Queen of Sweden from 1654 until 1660 as the wife of King Charles X Gustav. She served as regent during the minority of her son, King Charles XI, from 1660 until 1672, and during the minority of her grandson, King Charles XII, in 1697. She also represented Charles XII during his absence in the Great Northern War from 1700 until the regency of her granddaughter Ulrika Eleonora in 1713. Hedwig Eleonora was described as a dominant personality, and was regarded as the de facto first lady of the royal court for 61 years, from 1654 until her death.
Neal Medlyn
Neal Medlyn (born Jerry Neal Medlin on May 21, 1975, in Palestine, Texas) is a New York City-based performance artist and musician. His works include Champagne Jerry, his reenactment of a Beyonce concert DVD, his Pop Star Series of performance pieces, and his work in the variety show, Our Hit Parade. He has appeared on Bridget Everett's Comedy Central special, in the online series People Are Detectives, and in video work by the artist Guy Richards Smit.

Guy Richards Smit
Guy Richards Smit (born 1970) is an American performance artist, painter, and singer-songwriter in the band Maxi Geil! & PlayColt. He has shown at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City, also in London, Los Angeles, Madrid, Valencia, Paris, Dublin, and Havana, among other places. He is represented by Charlie James Gallery in Los Angeles.
Austria–Germany border
The border between the modern states of Austria and Germany (German: Grenze zwischen Deutschland und Österreich) has a length of 815.9 km (507.0 mi), or 817.0 km (507.7 mi) respectively. It is the longest international border of Austria and the tied longest border of Germany with another country (the other one being the border with the Czech Republic, with the same length of 817 km (508 mi)).

Railjet
Railjet is a high-speed rail service in Europe operated by Austrian Federal Railways (ÖBB) and Czech Railways (ČD). Branded as Railjet Express (RJX category) for the fastest services and as Railjet (RJ) for services with additional stops, it was introduced in 2008 and operates at speeds of up to 230 km/h (143 mph).  Railjet is ÖBB's premier service and operates both domestically within Austria and on international services to adjacent major cities in the Czech Republic, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Hungary and Slovakia.