hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sport in Botswana
Sports in Botswana is diverse and reasonably well-developed. Though football, netball and athletics remain the most popular sports, numerous other sports, including cricket, rugby, judo, swimming and tennis are actively followed in the country. The Botswana National Sport Commission (BNSC), together with the Botswana National Olympic Committee (BNOC) and Ministry of Youth, Sport and Culture (MYSC) are responsible for the overall management of sport in the country. In addition, there are over 30 National Sport Federations (NSFs) and three school sport federations.

Botswana stages the Botswana Games every two years, and has hosted the 2014 African Youth Games, International Working Group on Women in Sport, and the 2017 Netball World Youth Cup. They also bid to host the 2022 Summer Youth Olympics, but lost to eventual host Dakar.

Botswana National Olympic Committee
The Botswana National Olympic Committee (IOC code: BOT) is the National Olympic Committee representing Botswana. It is also the body responsible for Botswana's representation at the Commonwealth Games.

The Botswana National Olympic Committee (BNOC) has facilitated Botswana's participation at the Summer Olympic Games since 1980, with the country participating ever since. They have never participated in the Winter Olympics.

The BNOC was behind Botswana's successful bid for the 2nd African Youth Games that the country hosted from 22 to 31 May 2014. The BNOC seconded a few of its staff members, including Chief Executive Tuelo Serufho, to the Organising Committee of the 2nd African Youth Games that were known as Gaborone 2014.
Golden Horse Award for Best Director
The Golden Horse Award for Best Director (Chinese: 金馬獎最佳導演) is presented annually at Taiwan's Golden Horse Film Awards.

Taiwanese directors Li Hsing and Hou Hsiao-hsien, along with Hong Kong directors Ann Hui and Johnnie To, share the record for the most wins in this category, with three each. Hou, To, and Malaysian director Tsai Ming-liang hold the record for the most nominations, with eight.

Johnnie To
Johnnie To Kei-fung (born 22 April 1955) is a Hong Kong filmmaker. A prolific and versatile filmmaker, To is best known for his action and crime movies, including The Mission (1999), PTU (2003), Breaking News (2004), Election (2005), Election 2 and Exiled (both 2006), and Drug War (2012).

His films, often made in collaboration with the same group of actors, screenwriters and cinematographers, frequently explore themes of friendship, fate and the changing face of Hong Kong society. To co-founded the production company Milkyway Image with his frequent co-director Wai Ka-fai.
Jan Töve
Jan Töve (born May 14, 1958) is a Swedish landscape photographer, writer and lecturer.

Töve has won several awards in the Wildlife Photographer of the Year competition, owned by BBC Wildlife and The Natural History Museum, and beside his publicist's work shot a documentary for the Swedish State Television.

In 1995 he was awarded the title Årets nordiska naturfotograf (Nordic Photographer of the Year) by the Swedish photography magazine Foto. Several years later he was also awarded the Årets naturfotograf 2003 (Nature Photographer of the Year, 2003) by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency. His first book, Speglingar (Reflections), was published in 1996 and depicts various seasonal changes in the nature.

Töve seeks to depict the border country between nature, people and society, as expressed in his latest books, Riverside (2007), Silent Landscape (2012), Faraway Nearby (Hatje Cantz 2017), and Night Light (self-published, 2020).

BBC Wildlife
BBC Wildlife is a British glossy, all-colour magazine about wildlife, operated and published by Immediate Media Company. It produces 13 issues a year.

BBC Wildlife was launched in January 1963 as Animals Magazine, edited by filmmaker Armand Denis. In 1974 the magazine was renamed Wildlife, and in November 1983 the magazine joined BBC Magazines as BBC Wildlife.

From 1981, and for 23 years, it was edited by Rosamund Kidman Cox. In May 2004, BBC Wildlife moved to Origin Publishing, which became Immediate Media, and Sophie Stafford took over the editorship after working as a section editor for two years. In 2013, Matt Swaine took over the reins, followed  by Sheena Harvey in 2015. The current Editor, Paul McGuinness, took over in May 2019.

Editions are now numbered such that the January 2005 edition was volume 23, number 1.
CCTV-12
CCTV-12 is the law and society focused channel of the CCTV (China Central Television) Network in the People's Republic of China. Originally (from 2002 to 2004), the channel was aimed at China's western regions, in alignment with the Go West plan.

China Western Development
China Western Development (西部大开发) is an economic policy applied in Western China as part of the effort to reduce imbalances in development between China's coastal regions and its interior.

The policy covers six provinces (Gansu, Guizhou, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Sichuan and Yunnan), five autonomous regions (Guangxi, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Tibet and Xinjiang), and one municipality (Chongqing). Despite making up 71.4% of mainland China, this region holds only 28.8% of its population (as of 2002) and 19.9% of its total economic output (as of 2015).
Qilian Mountains subalpine meadows
The Qilian Mountains subalpine meadows ecoregion (WWF ID: PA1015) covers the high meadows and shrubland of the Qilian Mountains, on the northeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau in central China.   These mountains form a divide between the dry regions of the Gobi Desert to the north, and the Qaidam Basin and the Tibetan Plateau to the south.  While the habitat supports populations of marmots, grouse and some rare mammal species, the grasslands of the region are under pressure from over-grazing by domestic livestock.

Gobi Desert
The Gobi Desert is a large, cold desert and grassland region in southern Mongolia and North China. It is the sixth-largest desert in the world.

The name of the desert comes from the Mongolian word gobi, used to refer to all of the waterless regions in the Mongolian Plateau; in Chinese, gobi is used to refer to rocky, semi-deserts such as the Gobi itself rather than sandy deserts.
Los Angeles (song)
"Los Angeles" is the debut solo single written and performed by Frank Black. It was the first track on his solo debut album Frank Black, released in 1993. It served as the main theme song for the short lived but cult favorite VH1 talk show Late World with Zach. It was also featured in the soundtrack of Tony Hawk's American Wasteland as well as in Girl Skateboards' 2003 video Yeah Right!, in which the song played during Eric Koston's video part.

A music video was made for the song featuring Black himself. The music video was featured on an episode of MTV's Beavis and Butt-head, and was directed by John Flansburgh of They Might Be Giants.

Black Francis
Charles Michael Kittridge Thompson IV (born April 6, 1965), known professionally as Black Francis and formerly Frank Black, is an American singer, songwriter, and guitarist who is the lead vocalist of the alternative rock band Pixies. Following the band's breakup in 1993, he embarked on a solo career releasing fifteen albums and forming his band, the Catholics. The Pixies regrouped in 2004, and he declared his solo career to be over in 2013.

His vocal style varies from a screaming, yowling delivery with Pixies to a more measured, melodic style in his solo career. His cryptic lyrics mostly explore unconventional subjects, such as surrealism, UFOs, and biblical violence, along with science fiction and surf culture. His use of atypical meter signatures, loud–quiet dynamics, and distinct preference for live-to-two-track recording during his time with the Catholics have given him a distinct style within alternative rock.
Tengku Abdul Aziz
Tengku Abdul Aziz bin Tengku Mohd Hamzah (Jawi: تڠكو عبدالعزيزبن تڠکو محمد حمزة; 10 September 1933 – 20 September 2020) was a Malaysian diplomat and member of the Kelantan royal family. He served as the Malaysian Ambassador to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from 1975 to 1978 and the Malaysian Ambassador to the Kingdom of the Netherlands from 1978 to 1982. He was the elder brother of the former Member of Parliament for Gua Musang, Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah.

Gua Musang (federal constituency)
Gua Musang is a federal constituency in Gua Musang District, Kelantan, Malaysia, that has been represented in the Dewan Rakyat since 1986.

The federal constituency was created in the 1984 redistribution and is mandated to return a single member to the Dewan Rakyat under the first past the post voting system.

This seat was the safe seat held by Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah since the seat's inception in 1986, until he narrowly lost in the 2022 election to Mohd Azizi Abu Naim, representing PAS, with just a margin of 163 votes.

At 8,174 km2, it is the largest parliamentary constituency in Peninsular Malaysia.
Anneliese Rothenberger
Anneliese Rothenberger (19 June 1924 – 24 May 2010) was a German operatic soprano who had an active international performance career which spanned from 1942 to 1983. She specialized in the lyric coloratura soprano repertoire, and was particularly admired for her interpretations of the works of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Richard Strauss.

Die Fledermaus
Die Fledermaus (German: [diː ˈfleːdɐˌmaʊs], The Bat, sometimes called The Revenge of the Bat) is an operetta composed by Johann Strauss II to a German libretto by Karl Haffner and Richard Genée, which premiered in 1874.
Arlene S. Kanter
Arlene S. Kanter is an American academic, lawyer and a Bond, Schoeneck & King Distinguished Professor of Law at Syracuse University College of Law. In 2005, she was named the Laura J. and L. Douglas Meredith Professor of Teaching Excellence by Syracuse University. She is the founder and director of the Disability Law and Policy Program and director of the Office of International Programs.

Syracuse University College of Law
The Syracuse University College of Law is the law school of Syracuse University in Syracuse, New York. It is one of four law schools in upstate New York. Syracuse was accredited by the American Bar Association in 1923 and is a charter member of the Association of American Law Schools.

Syracuse's College of Law is a leader in the emerging field of National Security law through the Institute for Security Policy and Law. The College of Law is home to the New York State Science & Technology Law Center. It maintains a chapter of the Order of the Coif law honor society, of which only 86 of the more than 204 ABA-accredited law schools are a member. In February 2018, the College of Law announced its formation of the first "real-time, ABA-approved online juris doctor program in the United States." The online J.D. program, titled JDinteractive was launched in 2019.
Jacques Krauss
Jacques Krauss (21 October 1900 – 8 June 1957) was a French art director. He had a notable influence on the visual look of French poetic realist films before the Second World War, due to his work with Julien Duvivier.

He was born in Paris, the son of the actor Henry Krauss.

Poetic realism
Poetic realism (French: Réalisme poétique) was a film movement in France of the 1930s. More a tendency than a movement, poetic realism is not strongly unified like Soviet montage or French Impressionism but were individuals who created this lyrical style. Its leading filmmakers were Pierre Chenal, Jean Vigo, Julien Duvivier, Marcel Carné, and, perhaps the movement's most significant director, Jean Renoir. Renoir made a wide variety of films influenced by the leftist Popular Front group and even a lyrical short feature film. Frequent stars of these films were Jean Gabin, Michel Simon, Simone Signoret, and Michèle Morgan.
Athletics at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Women's heptathlon
The women's heptathlon at the 2008 Summer Olympics took place between August 15  and 16 at the Beijing National Stadium.

The qualifying standards were 6,000 points (A standard) and 5,800 points (B standard).

Heptathlon
A heptathlon is a track and field combined events contest made up of seven events. The name derives from the Greek ἑπτά (hepta, meaning "seven") and ἄθλος (áthlos, or ἄθλον, áthlon, meaning "competition"). A competitor in a heptathlon is referred to as a heptathlete.

There are two heptathlons – the men's and the women's heptathlon – composed of different events. The men's heptathlon is older and is currently held indoors, contested at the IAAF World Indoor Championships in Athletics. The women's heptathlon is held outdoors and was introduced in the 1980s, first appearing in the Olympics in 1984. It is currently contested in the athletics programme of the Olympics and at the World Athletics Championships.
Lower gastrointestinal bleeding
Lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB) is any form of gastrointestinal bleeding in the lower gastrointestinal tract. LGIB is a common reason for seeking medical attention at a hospital's emergency department. LGIB accounts for 30–40% of all gastrointestinal bleeding and is less common than upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB). It is estimated that UGIB accounts for 100–200 per 100,000 cases versus 20–27 per 100,000 cases for LGIB. Approximately 85% of lower gastrointestinal bleeding involves the large intestine, 10% are from bleeds that are actually upper gastrointestinal bleeds, and 3–5% involve the small intestine.

Colitis
Colitis is swelling or inflammation of the large intestine (colon). Colitis may be acute and self-limited or long-term. It broadly fits into the category of digestive diseases.

In a medical context, the label colitis (without qualification) is used if:

The cause of the inflammation in the colon is undetermined; for example, colitis may be applied to Crohn's disease at a time when the diagnosis is unknown, or

The context is clear; for example, an individual with ulcerative colitis is talking about their disease with a physician who knows the diagnosis.
Koh Sock May
Koh Sock May (1938 − 1 October 2023), also known by her stage name Si Di, was a Singaporean radio presenter with news station Capital 95.8FM. Koh began her career in 1964 at Rediffusion Singapore. She was a member of the Amoy Hokkien drama play team, formed in 1957 by her husband Zhang Weiming. Also proficient in Mandarin, Koh worked for Rediffusion for near to 50 years.

Koh died from cancer on 1 October 2023, at the age of 85. Her wake was held at the Singapore Casket from 1 October to 5 October 2023. She was cremated at the Mandai Crematorium and Columbarium on 5 October 2023, 10.45am local time. She had a daughter and a son.

Mandai Crematorium and Columbarium
Mandai Crematorium and Columbarium is a crematorium and columbarium complex located at Mandai Road in Mandai, Singapore. The complex is operated by the Government of Singapore under the National Environment Agency. It is one of three government crematoria in Singapore, the other two being the Choa Chu Kang Columbarium and Yishun Columbarium.

Mandai Crematorium and Columbarium is located not far from Yishun New Town.

This complex is one of the final resting places for many Singaporeans due to the country's limited landspace to host cemeteries for the dead.
Hatred of a Minute
Hatred of a Minute is a 2002 thriller film directed by and starring Michael Kallio and produced by Bruce Campbell. Kallio co-wrote the script with Lisa Jesswein who also appears in the movie. Producer Campbell also makes a brief cameo in the film.

2002 in film
2002 in film is an overview of events, including the highest-grossing films, award ceremonies, festivals, a list of country- and genre- specific lists of films released, notable deaths and film debuts. Paramount Pictures and Universal Pictures celebrated their 90th anniversaries in 2002.
PKD domain
PKD (Polycystic Kidney Disease)  domain was first identified in the polycystic kidney disease protein, polycystin-1 (PKD1 gene), and contains an Ig-like fold consisting of a beta-sandwich of seven strands in two sheets with a Greek key topology, although some members have additional strands. Polycystin-1 is a large cell-surface glycoprotein involved in adhesive protein–protein and protein–carbohydrate interactions; however it is not clear if the PKD domain mediates any of these interactions.

PKD domains are also found in other proteins, usually in the extracellular parts of proteins involved in interactions with other proteins. For example, domains with a PKD-type fold are found in archaeal S-layer proteins that protect the cell from extreme environments, and in the human receptor SorCS2.

Beta sheet
The beta sheet (β-sheet, also β-pleated sheet) is a common motif of the regular protein secondary structure. Beta sheets consist of beta strands (β-strands) connected laterally by at least two or three backbone hydrogen bonds, forming a generally twisted, pleated sheet. A β-strand is a stretch of polypeptide chain typically 3 to 10 amino acids long with backbone in an extended conformation. The supramolecular association of β-sheets has been implicated in the formation of the fibrils and protein aggregates observed in amyloidosis,  Alzheimer's disease and other proteinopathies.
Kazimierz Narutowicz
Kazimierz Narutowicz (Lithuanian: Kazimieras Narutavičius; 1904, Brewiki, Kovno Governorate - 1987) was a Polish Lithuanian political activist. Son of Stanisław Narutowicz, in interwar Lithuania in 1934-1938 he tried to mediate between the ministries of diplomacy of Poland and Lithuania for settlement of the conflict for the city of Wilno (since 1945 Vilnius). Arrested by the Soviets after occupation of the Baltic states in 1940 during World War II and forcibly resettled to Siberia, in 1947 he was released and settled in Poland (Lithuania still being occupied by the Soviets as the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic), where the communist government relegated him to work in the industrial sector.

Sybirak
A sybirak (Polish: [sɨˈbirak], plural: sybiracy) is a person resettled to Siberia. Like its Russian counterpart sibiryák, the word can refer to any dweller of Siberia, but it more specifically refers to Poles imprisoned or exiled to Siberia
or even to those sent to the Russian Arctic or to Kazakhstan in the 1940s (post World War II).
Shireen Mazari
Shireen Mehrunnisa Mazari (Urdu: شیریں مہر النساء مزاری) is a former Pakistani politician who served the Federal Minister for Human Rights, from 20 August 2018 to 10 April 2022. She is the chairperson of the Parliamentary Committee on Appointment of Chief Election Commissioner and Members of the Election Commission of Pakistan. She has been a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan since August 2018, and served as a chief whip for Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf. Previously, she was a member of the National Assembly from June 2013 to May 2018.

Mazari studied at the London School of Economics and later received her PhD from Columbia University in political science. Mazari joined Quaid-i-Azam University as an associate professor and went on to head the university's strategic studies department. In 2002, Mazari became the head of the government-funded Institute of Strategic Studies and remained until she was sacked in 2008. In 2009, Mazari became the editor of The Nation.

Chief Whip
The Chief Whip is a political leader whose task is to enforce the whipping system, which aims to ensure that legislators who are members of a political party attend and vote on legislation as the party leadership prescribes.
Lešany (Prostějov District)
Lešany is a municipality and village in Prostějov District in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 400 inhabitants.

Lešany lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) north-west of Prostějov, 20 km (12 mi) south-west of Olomouc, and 198 km (123 mi) east of Prague.

Olomouc
Olomouc (Czech pronunciation: [ˈolomouts] ⓘ; German: Olmütz) is a city in the Czech Republic. It has about 103,000 inhabitants, making it the sixth largest city in the country. It is the administrative centre of the Olomouc Region.

Located on the Morava River, the city is the ecclesiastical metropolis and was a historical co-capital city of Moravia, before having been occupied by the Swedish army during the Thirty Years' War. The historic city centre is well preserved and is protected as urban monument reservation. The Holy Trinity Column was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2000 for its quintessential Baroque style and symbolic value.
Ichigaya Sadoharacho
Ichigaya Sadoharacho (市谷砂土原町) is a neighborhood in Shinjuku, Tokyo.

It is located in the eastern part of Shinjuku Ward. The northern part of the area borders Wakamiya-cho and Ichigaya Funagawara-cho. The eastern part of the area borders Ichigaya Tamachi. The southern part of the area borders Ichigaya Choenji-cho. The western part of the area borders Harakata-cho.

The town name comes from the fact that in the Edo period, Honda Sadonokami Masanobu had a villa there and it was called "Sadohara" (佐渡原). Later, soil was taken from the site of Honda's residence and used for landfill, so it came to be called a sand quarry.

The neighborhood does not have a subway stop but Ichigaya Station is close.
The neighborhood  hosts the headquarters of luxury supermarket Kinokuniya.

Ichigaya Station
Ichigaya Station (市ヶ谷駅, Ichigaya-eki) is a railway station in Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan.

The Number of Passengers on Ichigaya as recorded by the East Japan Railway Company Trains in 2017-2022 was 15,274 .
Estella Solomons
Estella Frances Solomons (2 April 1882– 2 November 1968) was one of the leading Irish artists of her generation. She came from a prominent Dublin Jewish family. She studied at the Dublin Metropolitan School of Art and the Chelsea School of Art. She was a member of Cumann na mBan and was active during the revolutionary period. She was noted for her portraits of contemporaries in the republican movement and her studio was a safe house during the War of Independence. She married poet Seumas O'Sullivan, founder of The Dublin Magazine, and helped to support it financially. The couple hosted regular salons in their home which attracted Irish artists, writers, politicians and intellectuals. Solomons was a close friend of writer Kathleen Goodfellow, whom she met in Cumann na mBan and who was a patron of The Dublin Magazine. Solomons was elected an honorary member of the Royal Hibernian Academy in 1966, having been an associate since 1925.

Chelsea College of Arts
Chelsea College of Arts is a constituent college of the University of the Arts London, a public art and design university in London, England.

It offers further and higher education courses in fine art, graphic design, interior design, product design, and textile design up to PhD level.
Jenynsia multidentata
Jenynsia multidentata is a species of killifish from the family Anablepidae.  It is a viviparous, benthopelagic species in the genus Jenynsia. They are onesided livebearers with a clear  asymmetry of the males' genitalia. With onset of maturity, the anal fin of male fish develops into a gonopodium which can be brought forward on one side only. Based on the bending to the left or to the right of the tip of the gonopodium, two morphs of male fish can be distinguished.

Viviparity
In animals, viviparity is the development of the embryo inside the body of the mother, with the maternal circulation providing for the metabolic needs of the embryo's development, until the mother gives birth to a fully or partially developed juvenile that is at least metabolically independent. This is opposed to oviparity, where the embryos develop independently outside the mother in eggs until they are developed enough to break out as hatchlings; and ovoviviparity, where the embryos are developed in eggs that remain carried inside the mother's body until the hatchlings emerge from the mother as juveniles, similar to a live birth.