hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland
The University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland (German: Fachhochschule Nordwestschweiz, FHNW) is a university of applied sciences in Switzerland. It is one of the largest universities in the country in terms of student enrollment. It is an inter-cantonal public law institution with its own legal personality. The cantons are Aargau, Basel-Landschaft, Basel-Stadt, and Solothurn.

As part of the state treaty, the supporting cantons manage the FHNW with a fourfold performance mandate. This includes training and further education, application-oriented research and development as well as services for the benefit of third parties.

Aargau
Aargau (/ˈɑːrɡaʊ/ AR-gow, Swiss Standard German: [ˈaːrɡaʊ] ⓘ), more formally the Canton of Aargau (German: Kanton Aargau; Romansh: Chantun Argovia; French: Canton d'Argovie; Italian: Canton Argovia), is one of the 26 cantons forming the Swiss Confederation. It is composed of eleven districts and its capital is Aarau.

Aargau is one of the most northerly cantons of Switzerland, by the lower course of the Aare River, which is why it is called Aar-gau ("Aare province"). It is one of the most densely populated regions of Switzerland.
Mark 10 nuclear bomb
The Mark 10 nuclear bomb was a proposed American nuclear bomb based on the earlier Mark 8 nuclear bomb design.  The Mark 10, like the Mark 8, is a gun-type nuclear weapon, which rapidly assembles several critical masses of fissile nuclear material by firing a fissile projectile or "bullet" over a fissile "target", using a system which closely resembles a medium-sized cannon barrel and propellant.

The Mark 10 was intended to be a general purpose airburst nuclear weapon, unlike the Mark 8 which was intended to penetrate into the ground as a Nuclear bunker buster. It was nicknamed the "Airburst Elsie"; the Mark 8 had been nicknamed the LC or Light Casing bomb, which was then expanded to "Elsie." The bomb was 12 inches (30 cm) in diameter and weighed 1,500 or 1,750 pounds (680 or 790 kg).  It had a design yield of 12 to 15 kilotons.

The Mark 10 design was cancelled in 1952, replaced by the implosion-type Mark 12 which was lighter and used considerably less fissile material.

Critical mass
In nuclear engineering, critical mass is the minimum mass of the fissile material needed for a sustained nuclear chain reaction in a particular setup. The critical mass of a fissionable material depends upon its nuclear properties (specifically, its nuclear fission cross-section), density, shape, enrichment, purity, temperature, and surroundings. It is an important parameter of a nuclear reactor core or nuclear weapon. The concept is important in nuclear weapon design.

Critical size is the minimum size of the fissile material needed for a sustained nuclear chain reaction in a particular setup. If the size of the reactor core is less than a certain minimum, too many fission neutrons escape through its surface and the chain reaction is not sustained. A perfect sphere, which has the lowest surface-area-to-volume ratio, gives the minimal critical size.
Homoenolates
Homoenolates are a type of functional group that have been used in synthetic organic chemistry since the 1980s. They are related to enolates, but represent an umpolung of their reactivity. Homoenolates can be formed with a variety of different metal counterions, including lithium, iron, silver, lead, titanium, tin, tellurium, zirconium, niobium, mercury, zinc, antimony, bismuth, nickel, palladium, and copper. Homoenolates stability and reactivity varies by counterion identity and other nearby functional groups. Common pathways of decomposition include proto-demetalation and β-hydride elimination. Multiple reviews on the topic of homoenolates and their reactivity have been published.

Organic synthesis
Organic synthesis is a branch of chemical synthesis concerned with the construction of organic compounds. Organic compounds  are molecules consisting of combinations of covalently-linked hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms. Within the general subject of organic synthesis, there are many different types of synthetic routes that can be completed including total synthesis, stereoselective synthesis, automated synthesis, and many more. Additionally, in understanding organic synthesis it is necessary to be familiar with the methodology, techniques, and applications of the subject.
Oxley Mead
Oxley Mead is a 3.7 hectares (9.1 acres) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest in the Oxley Park district of Shenley Church End in Milton Keynes, (ceremonial) Buckinghamshire.

The site is an ancient hay meadow which has a nationally rare plant community, due to its traditional management, with a hay cut followed by cattle grazing, and no use of fertilisers or herbicides. A stream, which runs through the middle of the field, regularly floods. The main plants are herbs such as great burnet and meadow sweet, and grasses include meadow foxtail and sweet vernal-grass. The meadow is surrounded by hedgerows which have a wide variety of trees and shrubs.

There is access from the end of Raft Way.

Anthoxanthum odoratum
Anthoxanthum odoratum is a short-lived perennial grass, commonly known as sweet vernal grass, that is native to acidic grassland in Eurasia and northern Africa. It is grown as a lawn grass and a house plant, due to its sweet scent, and can also be found on unimproved pastures and meadows. The specific epithet odoratum is Latin for 'odorous'.
Gary Rosenkrantz
Gary Rosenkrantz is an American philosopher and Professor of Philosophy at the University of North Carolina, Greensboro. He is known for his work on metaphysics, epistemology, and philosophy of religion.

University of North Carolina at Greensboro
The University of North Carolina at Greensboro (UNCG or UNC Greensboro) is a public research university in Greensboro, North Carolina. It is part of the University of North Carolina system. It is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges to award baccalaureate, master's, specialist, and doctoral degrees.

The university offers over 100 undergraduate, 61 master's, and 26 doctoral programs. UNCG is also home to the Weatherspoon Art Museum.
UNC Asheville Bulldogs
The UNC Asheville Bulldogs are the athletic teams that represent the University of North Carolina at Asheville (UNCA). They participate in Division I of the NCAA and are a member of the Big South Conference. UNCA fields varsity teams in 12 sports, 6 for men and 6 for women.

In 1984, the UNCA women's basketball team won the NAIA national championship.

Big South Conference
The Big South Conference is a collegiate athletic conference affiliated with the NCAA's Division I. Originally a non-football conference, the Big South began sponsoring football in 2002 as part of the Football Championship Subdivision (FCS), and began operating the OVC–Big South Football Association in partnership with the Ohio Valley Conference in 2023. The Big South, founded in 1983, is firmly rooted in the South Atlantic region of the United States, with full member institutions located in North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia. Associate members are located in Georgia and South Carolina.
Handen railway station
Handen is a station on Stockholm's commuter rail network, located 26 km from Stockholm Central Station on the Nynäs Line. The station consists of a single island platform with a ticket hall integrated into a pedestrian bridge connecting to a bus terminal. The station opened in its current location in 1973 and serves as a major transit hub for bus and rail traffic within Haninge Municipality. As of 2015, approximately 7,500 passengers boarded trains at Handen each weekday, while the entire terminal area saw about 13,400 daily boarding passengers.

Nynäs Line
The Nynäs Line (Swedish: Nynäsbanan) is a 55-kilometer (34 mi) long railway line between Älvsjö and Nynäshamn in  Sweden. The line is electrified and is double track on the 22-kilometer (14 mi) section from Älvsjö to Västerhaninge.

The line is used by the Stockholm Commuter Rail and freight trains. At Älvsjö, it connects to the Western Main Line. At Farsta strand there is a connection to Farsta strand metro station, which is a terminus at the Stockholm underground railway. At Nynäshamn there is transfer to the Destination Gotland ferries to the island of Gotland.
Prelude in C-sharp minor (Rachmaninoff)
Sergei Rachmaninoff's Prelude in C-sharp minor (Russian: Прелюдия, romanized: Prelyudiya), Op. 3, No. 2, is one of the composer's most famous compositions. Part of a set of five piano pieces entitled Morceaux de fantaisie ("Pieces of fantasy"), it is a 62-bar prelude in ternary (ABA) form. It is also known as The Bells of Moscow, since the introduction seems to reproduce the Kremlin's most solemn carillon chimes.

On 26 September 1892, the composer himself performed the work for the first time, at a festival called the Moscow Electrical Exhibition. After the première, a review of the concert singled out the Prelude, noting that it had "aroused enthusiasm". From this point on, its popularity grew.

Rachmaninoff later published 23 more preludes to complete a set of 24 preludes covering all the major and minor keys, in a time-honored tradition pioneered by composers such as Bach, Chopin, Alkan, Scriabin, and many others.

Ternary form
Ternary form, sometimes called song form, is a three-part musical form consisting of an opening section (A), a following section (B) and then a repetition of the first section (A). It is usually schematized as A–B–A. Prominent examples include the da capo aria "The trumpet shall sound" from Handel's  Messiah, Chopin's Prelude in D♭ Major "Raindrop", (Op. 28) and the opening chorus of Bach's St John Passion.
Akufen
Marc Leclair (born August 13, 1966), better known by his stage name Akufen, is a Canadian electronic musician. His music is electronic music that is often described as minimal house, minimal techno, glitch, or microhouse.

His 2002 debut studio album My Way introduced his concept of "microsampling", which was essentially a way of using extremely small and short clips of samples he had randomly recorded from FM radio broadcasts as a key musical element.

Leclair's pseudonym comes from the French word for tinnitus (ringing of the ears), acouphène, and he has also gone under the pseudonyms Horror Inc., David Scott, Nefuka, and Anna Kaufen.

Minimal techno
Minimal techno is a subgenre of techno music. It is characterized by a stripped-down aesthetic that exploits the use of repetition and understated development. Minimal techno is thought to have been originally developed in the early 1990s by Detroit-based producers Robert Hood and Daniel Bell.

By the early 2000s the term "minimal" generally described a style of techno that was popularized in Germany by labels such as Kompakt, Perlon, and Richie Hawtin's M-nus, among others.
Gačnik
Gačnik (pronounced [ˈɡaːtʃnik]) is a settlement in the Municipality of Pesnica in northeastern Slovenia. It lies in the western part of the Slovene Hills (Slovene: Slovenske gorice) in the valley of Gačnik Creek (Slovene: Gačniški potok), a minor tributary of the Pesnica River. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included in the Drava Statistical Region.

A small roadside chapel-shrine in the settlement dates to 1803.

Drava Statistical Region
The Drava Statistical Region (Slovene: podravska statistična regija) is a statistical region in Slovenia. The largest city in the region is Maribor. The region's name comes from the Drava River and includes land on both banks along its course through Slovenia as well as the Pohorje mountains in the northeast of the region. The Drava is used for the production of hydroelectricity and the fertile land around it is used for agriculture. The share of job vacancies in all available jobs is among the highest in Slovenia and the region has a positive net migration rate but a very high natural decrease, which means an overall decrease in the population.
Simon Carless
Simon Carless is a video game industry businessperson and former game designer and editor. Simon is the founder of GameDiscoverCo, a video game discoverability consultancy firm, and previously worked overseeing the worldwide Game Developers Conference event and Black Hat information security events.

Carless is Chairman Emeritus of the Independent Games Festival, and he co-founded the Independent Games Summit as part of Game Developers Conference in 2007.

Carless formerly edited the games section on Slashdot, and he worked as a lead game designer at Kuju Entertainment, Eidos Interactive and Atari. He wrote Gaming Hacks, a book published by O'Reilly Media.

Carless was also active in the demoscene of the early 1990s, releasing modules under the moniker Hollywood. He operated the netlabel Monotonik from 1996 to 2009.

Module file
Module file (MOD music, tracker music) is a family of music file formats originating from the MOD file format on Amiga systems used in the late 1980s. Those who produce these files (using the software called music trackers) and listen to them form the worldwide MOD scene, a part of the demoscene subculture.

The mass interchange of "MOD music" or "tracker music" (music stored in module files created with trackers) evolved from early FIDO networks. Many websites host large numbers of these files, the most comprehensive of them being the Mod Archive.

Nowadays, most module files, including ones in compressed form, are supported by most popular media players such as VLC, Foobar2000, Exaile and many others (mainly due to inclusion of common playback libraries such as libmodplug for gstreamer).
Blastobasis chuka
Blastobasis chuka is a moth in the family Blastobasidae. It is found in Kenya, where it is known from the south-eastern coast and the central highlands.

The length of the forewings is 6.3–8.2 mm.

The larvae feed on the fruit of Allophylus abyssinicus, Chrysophyllum gorungosanum, Dictyophleba lucida, Diphasia species, Drypetes gerrardii, Flacourtia indica, Garcinia volkensii, Landolphia buchananii, Passiflora mollisima, Podocarpus milanjianus, Prunus africana, Rawsonia lucida and Vepris simplicifolia.

Drypetes gerrardii
Drypetes gerrardii is a species of small tree or large shrub in the family Putranjivaceae. Common names include forest ironplum, bastard white ironwood, and forest ironwood. It is native to tropical and subtropical central and eastern Africa.  It was first described in 1920 by the English botanist John Hutchinson, who named it after the English botanist William Tyrer Gerrard who collected plants and seeds in southern Africa in the 1860s.
1995–96 County Antrim Shield
The 1995–96 County Antrim Shield was the 107th edition of the County Antrim Shield, a cup competition in Northern Irish football.

Glenavon won the tournament for the 2nd time, defeating Crusaders 3–0 in the final. For the 10th year running three clubs from County Armagh competed (Glenavon, Newry Town and Portadown).

People of Northern Ireland
People from Northern Ireland are those born in Northern Ireland who, at the time of their birth, have at least one parent who is a British citizen, an Irish citizen, or otherwise entitled to reside in Northern Ireland indefinitely under the Belfast Agreement.

Most Northern Irish people either identify as British, Northern Irish, Irish, or a combination thereof. The 20th century conflict known as The Troubles, which ended in effect in 1999, was primarily caused by tensions between people who had these different identites, and their connections to religion (Anglican protestants and Catholics).
Marcus Popillius Laenas (consul 359 BC)
Marcus Popillius Laenas was a four-time consul of the Roman Republic. In the year (according to Varro) 359 BC, he defeated a Gallic army.

Near the end of his consulship with Gnaeus Manlius Capitolinus Imperiosus, the Tarquinians invaded the Roman territories on the Etruscan border, if this Gallic war took place 30 years after the occupation of Rome by the Gauls (in 386/5 BC). Dio Cassius apparently identifies this war with the one in Camillus's fifth dictatorship when the election of the consuls was resumed. Those events took place in 364 BC, about a decade earlier, according to Livy.

He is named by Cicero as flamen Carmentalis, the flamen of Carmenta, in 359 BC.

Marcus Furius Camillus
Marcus Furius Camillus (/kəˈmɪləs/; possibly c. 448 – c. 365 BC) was a Roman statesman and politician during the early Roman republic who is most famous for his capture of Veii and defence of Rome from Gallic sack after the Battle of the Allia. Modern scholars are dubious of Camillus' supposed exploits and believe many of them are wrongly attributed or otherwise wholly fictitious.
2013 Cooper Challenger
The 2013 Cooper Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 6th edition of the tournament and part of the 2013 ITF Women's Circuit, offering a total of $50,000 in prize money. It took place in Waterloo, Canada between July 1 and July 7, 2013. It was the final edition of the tournament.

Waterloo, Ontario
Waterloo is a city in the Canadian province of Ontario. It is one of three cities in the Regional Municipality of Waterloo (formerly Waterloo County). Waterloo is situated about 94 km (58 mi) west-southwest of Toronto, but it is not considered to be part of the Greater Toronto Area (GTA). Due to the close proximity of the city of Kitchener to Waterloo, the two together are often referred to as "Kitchener–Waterloo", "K-W", or "The Twin Cities". Nearby Cambridge, Ontario is also sometimes grouped in, creating KWC or "Tri-cities".

While several unsuccessful attempts to combine the municipalities of Kitchener and Waterloo have been made, following the 1973 establishment of the Region of Waterloo, less motivation to do so existed, and as a result, Waterloo remains an independent city. At the time of the 2021 census, the population of Waterloo was 121,436.
Wayne Hernaman
Wayne John Hernaman (born 15 May 1972) is a former Australian rules footballer who played twenty games for Richmond in the Australian Football League (AFL) between 1993 and 1994. He was recruited from the South Fremantle Football Club in the West Australian Football League (WAFL) with the 7th selection in the 1992 AFL draft.

1992 AFL draft
The 1992 AFL draft is the annual draft of talented players by Australian rules football teams that participate in the main competition of that sport, the Australian Football League. It consisted of the main national draft, the pre-season draft and the trade period.

In 1992 there were 124 picks to be drafted between 15 teams in the main national draft.
Murray Last
Denis Murray Last (born 1937) is a British historian and medical anthropologist, known for his pioneering research on northern Nigeria and the anthropology of medicine. He and Adiele Afigbo were the first two individuals to be awarded a PhD by a Nigerian university, completing his doctorate at University College Ibadan with research on the Sokoto Caliphate. His thesis was later published as The Sokoto Caliphate (1967), an influential work that reshaped understanding of 19th-century Islamic west Africa through its extensive use of primary sources, mostly written in Classical Arabic. Last is also recognised for his longterm ethnographic research on Hausa and Maguzawa medical cultures, introducing the concepts of "medical cultures" and "not knowing" in medical anthropology and ethnography. He served as sole editor of the Africa journal for 15 years (1986–2001) and is currently professor emeritus in the Department of Anthropology, University College London.

Northern Region, Nigeria
Northern Nigeria (or Arewancin Nijeriya) was an autonomous division within Nigeria, distinctly different from the southern part of the country, with independent customs, foreign relations and security structures. In 1962, it acquired the territory of the British Northern Cameroons, which voted to become a province within Northern Nigeria.

In 1967, Northern Nigeria was divided into the North-Eastern State, North-Western State, Kano State, Kaduna State, Kwara State, and the Benue-Plateau State, each with its own Governor.
Franopol, Łódź Voivodeship
Franopol [fraˈnɔpɔl] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Biała Rawska, within Rawa County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) north-west of Biała Rawska, 12 km (7 mi) north-east of Rawa Mazowiecka, and 64 km (40 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź.

The village has an approximate population of 180.

Rawa Mazowiecka
Rawa Mazowiecka [ˈrava mazɔˈvʲɛt͡ska] is a town in central Poland, with 16,090 inhabitants (2022). It lies in the Łódź Voivodeship and is the capital of the Rawa County.

Rawa is a former medieval ducal seat of the Piast dynasty and an early modern provincial capital and royal city of Poland. From 1562 the city hosted the Rawa Treasury for the Polish army. It prospered thanks to its location on important trade routes, then in the 19th century it became a center of cloth manufacturing, and currently it is a center of the food and light industries. The town features heritage sites in a variety of styles, including Gothic, Baroque and Neoclassical and a regional museum.
Adventist Medical Center College – Iligan
The Adventist Medical Center College - Iligan, Inc. (also known as  AMC College), formerly the Mindanao Sanitarium and Hospital College, is one of the colleges of the Seventh-day Adventist Church located in Iligan City, Philippines. It is a medical school which focuses on healthcare courses like Bachelor of Science in nursing, medical technology, physical therapy, pharmacy, radiology and nutrition and dietetics.

Health technology
Health technology is defined by the World Health Organization as the "application of organized knowledge and skills in the form of devices, medicines, vaccines, procedures, and systems developed to solve a health problem and improve quality of lives". This includes pharmaceuticals, devices, procedures, and organizational systems used in the healthcare industry, as well as computer-supported information systems. In the United States, these technologies involve standardized physical objects, as well as traditional and designed social means and methods to treat or care for patients.
Florin-Ionuț Barbu
Florin-Ionuț Barbu (born 4 September 1980) is a Romanian politician of the Social Democratic Party. Since 2023, he has served as minister of agriculture and rural development. He was elected member of the Chamber of Deputies in the 2020 parliamentary election, and chaired the agriculture committee from 2021 to 2023.

Chamber of Deputies (Romania)
The Chamber of Deputies (Romanian: Camera Deputaților) is the lower house in Romania's bicameral parliament. It has 312 regular seats to which deputies are elected by direct popular vote using party-list proportional representation to serve four-year terms.

Additionally, the organisation of each national ethnic minority is entitled to a seat in the Chamber (under the limitation that a national minority is to be represented by one organisation only). As of the 2024 election, there are 19 such additional seats.