hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Linear separability
In Euclidean geometry, linear separability is a property of two sets of points. This is most easily visualized in two dimensions (the Euclidean plane) by thinking of one set of points as being colored blue and the other set of points as being colored red. These two sets are linearly separable if there exists at least one line in the plane with all of the blue points on one side of the line and all the red points on the other side. This idea immediately generalizes to higher-dimensional Euclidean spaces if the line is replaced by a hyperplane.

The problem of determining if a pair of sets is linearly separable and finding a separating hyperplane if they are, arises in several areas.  In statistics and machine learning, classifying certain types of data is a problem for which good algorithms exist that are based on this concept.

Line (geometry)
In geometry, a straight line, usually abbreviated line, is an infinitely long object with no width, depth, or curvature. It is a special case of a curve and an idealization of such physical objects as a straightedge, a taut string, or a ray of light. Lines are spaces of dimension one, which may be embedded in spaces of dimension two, three, or higher. The word line may also refer, in everyday life, to a line segment, which is a part of a line delimited by two points (its endpoints).

Euclid's Elements defines a straight line as a "breadthless length" that "lies evenly with respect to the points on itself", and introduced several postulates as basic unprovable properties on which the rest of geometry was established. Euclidean line and Euclidean geometry are terms introduced to avoid confusion with generalizations introduced since the end of the 19th century, such as non-Euclidean, projective, and affine geometry.
Cedar Grove, Florida
Cedar Grove is an unincorporated area and census-designated place in Bay County, Florida, United States. It was formerly an incorporated town, but it was dissolved in 2008 after a vote by residents.  The town had 90 days from October 3, 2008, to implement the dissolution ordinance and hand over all operations to organs of the county government.  This was the first time in Florida history that a town was disincorporated by a vote of its citizens. The dissolution ordinance took effect at 8:00 AM on October 22, 2008, at which time the police department was disbanded and all assets became the property of the Bay County Commission. The current census-designated place had a population of 3,148 at the 2020 census, down from 3,397 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Panama City–Panama City Beach, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Panama City, Florida
Panama City is a city in and the county seat of Bay County, Florida, United States. Located along U.S. Highway 98 (US 98), it is the largest city between Tallahassee and Pensacola. It is the most populous city in Bay County and a principal city of the Panama City–Panama City Beach, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area, which has a population of approximately 200,534. According to the 2020 United States census, the city's population was 32,939 (excluding Panama City Beach).
David Vrbata
David Vrbata (born July 23, 1983) is a Czech professional ice hockey player, currently playing for Italian team HC Egna of the Alps Hockey League. He played with BK Mladá Boleslav and HC Sparta Praha in the Czech Extraliga, and with HK Poprad and HKm Zvolen in the Slovak Extraliga.

His brother is the National Hockey League player Radim Vrbata.

Slovak Extraliga
The Slovak Extraliga, known as the Tipsport liga since the 2025–26 season for sponsorship reasons, is the highest-level ice hockey league in Slovakia. From 2018–19 to 2020–21, the league included one or two teams from Hungary.

Teams from the Extraliga can participate in the IIHF's annual Champions Hockey League (CHL). Participation is based on the strength of the various leagues in Europe (excluding the KHL). In the 2022–23 CHL season, the Extraliga was ranked the No. 10 league in Europe, so the champion of the previous season competed in the CHL.

The 1993–94 season was the first of the Slovak Extraliga following the peaceful dissolution of Czechoslovakia midway through the 1992–93 Czechoslovak Extraliga season – which all Slovak and Czech teams played to completion.
Yucca constricta
Yucca constricta known by the common name "Buckley's yucca," is a plant in the family Asparagaceae. It is found in rocky limestone hills of central and eastern Texas, and also in Coahuila, Mexico.

Yucca constricta is usually acaulescent (trunkless), sometimes growing in clumps, spreading by trailing stems. Flowering stalks reach as high as 50 cm (20 inches) with pendent, greenish-white flowers. Fruit is a dry capsule with shiny black seeds.

Yucca constricta is relatively abundant, and although it has local threats, its population appears to be stable overall.

Asparagaceae
Asparagaceae (/əsˌpærəˈɡeɪsiˌaɪ, -siːˌiː/), known as the asparagus family, is a family of flowering plants, placed in the order Asparagales of the monocots. The family name is based on the edible garden asparagus, Asparagus officinalis.  This family includes both common garden plants as well as common houseplants.  The garden plants include asparagus, yucca, bluebell, lily of the valley, and hosta, and the houseplants include snake plant, corn cane, spider plant, and plumosus fern.

The Asparagaceae is a morphologically heterogenous family with the included species varying widely in their appearance and growth form. It has a cosmopolitan distribution, with genera and species contained in the family native to all continents except Antarctica.
Mount Dampier
Mount Dampier (Rakiroa in Māori) is New Zealand's third highest mountain, rising to 3,440 metres (11,290 ft). It is located in the Southern Alps, between Mount Hicks and Aoraki / Mount Cook. It is often traversed by climbers en route to the North ridge of Mount Cook. Its Māori name literally means 'long sky' (rangi: sky; roa: long).

The English name was originally Mount Hector, after James Hector, but in Fitzgerald's map of 1896 the peak had been renamed after William Dampier.

Edward FitzGerald (mountaineer)
Edward Arthur FitzGerald (10 May 1871 – 2 January 1931) was an American mountaineer and soldier, best known for leading the expedition which made the first ascent of Aconcagua, the highest mountain in the Americas, in 1897.
Wojny-Pietrasze
Wojny-Pietrasze (Polish pronunciation: [ˈvɔjnɨ pjɛˈtraʂɛ]) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szepietowo, within Wysokie Mazowieckie County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland.

Wysokie Mazowieckie County
Wysokie Mazowieckie County (Polish: powiat wysokomazowiecki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Podlaskie Voivodeship, north-eastern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Wysokie Mazowieckie, which lies 49 kilometres (30 mi) south-west of the regional capital Białystok. The only other towns in the county are Ciechanowiec, lying 27 km (17 mi) south of Wysokie, Szepietowo, 6 km (4 mi) south of Wysokie, and as from 1 January 2011 Czyżew.

The county covers an area of 1,288.49 square kilometres (497.5 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population was 57,051, out of which the population of Wysokie Mazowieckie was 9,415, that of Ciechanowiec 4,631, that of Czyżew 2,633, that of Szepietowo 2,170, and the rural population 38,202.
2025–26 Ashes series
The 2025–26 Ashes series, branded as NRMA Insurance Men's Ashes Series for sponsorship reasons, was a series of Test cricket matches played between Australia and England for The Ashes, between 21 November 2025 and 8 January 2026. The five-match series formed part of the 2025–2027 ICC World Test Championship.

Australia were the holders of the Ashes, having won in 2021–22 and drawn in 2023. After taking a 3–0 lead in the series, Australia retained the Ashes. England won the 4th Test in Melbourne by 4 wickets, ending an 18-match (14-year) losing streak in Australia in Ashes Tests and prevented a whitewash. In the fifth test, Australia won by 5 wickets and thus ended the series with 4 – 1.

Five-wicket haul
In cricket, a five-wicket haul (also known as a "five–for" or "fifer") occurs when a bowler takes five or more wickets in a single innings, commonly abbreviated as 5wI. Taking five wickets is regarded as a notable achievement, equivalent to a century by a batter. In 2001, Glenn McGrath invented the tradition of a bowler raising the ball to the crowd at the completion of a five-wicket haul.

Taking a five-wicket haul at Lord's earns the bowler a place on the Lord's honours boards.
Uprifosbuvir
Uprifosbuvir (MK-3682) is an antiviral drug developed for the treatment of hepatitis C.  It is a nucleotide analogue which acts as an NS5B RNA polymerase inhibitor. As of 2019 it was in Phase III human clinical trials.

In 2017 owner Merck wrote down the value of uprifosbuvir to US$240 million, for a write-down of $2.9 billion, reducing its earnings per share from 42¢ to a loss of 22¢ for the fourth quarter of 2016. This was attributed to the hepatitis C drug market rather than uprifosbuvir itself; the population of treatable patients diminished rapidly after the introduction in 2014 of sofosbuvir and the combination ledipasvir/sofosbuvir, drugs that cured hepatitis C, and whose market was also diminishing following their success in curing patients. Clinical testing of uprifosbuvir continued.

Hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5B
Nonstructural protein 5B (NS5B) is a viral protein found in the hepatitis C virus (HCV). It is an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, having the key function of replicating HCV's viral RNA by using the viral positive RNA strand as a template to catalyze the polymerization of ribonucleoside triphosphates (rNTP) during RNA replication. Several crystal structures of NS5B polymerase in several crystalline forms have been determined based on the same consensus sequence BK (HCV-BK, genotype 1). The structure can be represented by a right hand shape with fingers, palm, and thumb. The encircled active site, unique to NS5B, is contained within the palm structure of the protein. Recent studies on NS5B protein genotype 1b strain J4's (HC-J4) structure indicate a presence of an active site where possible control of nucleotide binding occurs and initiation of de-novo RNA synthesis. De-novo adds necessary primers for initiation of RNA replication.
Batır, Bugulminsky District
Batır (Tatar: Батыр, romanized: Batır) is a rural locality (a derevnya) in Bögelmä District, Tatarstan. The population was 21 as of 2010.
Batır, Bugulminsky District is located 12 km from Bögelmä, district's administrative centre, and 317 km from Ԛazаn, republic's capital, by road.
The village was established in 1930s.
There are 4 streets in the village.

Bugulminsky District
Bugulminsky District (Russian: Бугульми́нский райо́н; Tatar: Бөгелмә районы) is an territorial administrative unit and municipality of the Republic of Tatarstan within the Russian Federation. The district is located in the southeastern part of the republic and occupies an area of 1,408.6 square kilometers (543.9 sq mi). According to the 2010 census, the municipality had a population of 22,261 people. The main city Bugulma is not included within the administrative structure of the district.

The main city derived its name from the Bugulminka River. The settlement on the site of the modern city was first mentioned in the sources of 1736. In imperial Russia, the Bugulminsky county (uyezd) was part of the Orenburg and later Samara provinces. In 1920, the county was renamed to Bugulminsky canton within the Tatar ASSR. In August, 1930, the canton was divided into several districts, including Bugulminsky.
1982 Burundian parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Burundi on 22 October 1982, the first since 1965. Following a constitutional referendum the year before, the country had become a one-party state with the Union for National Progress (UPRONA) as the sole legal party. The party nominated 104 candidates to contest the 52 seats in the enlarged National Assembly. Following the election, in which turnout was reported to be 95%, President Jean-Baptiste Bagaza appointed a further 13 members.

Union for National Progress
The Union for National Progress (French: Union pour le Progrès national, UPRONA) is a nationalist political party in Burundi. Initially it emerged as a nationalist united front in opposition to Belgian colonial rule but subsequently became an integral part of the one-party state established by Michel Micombero after 1966. Dominated by members of the Tutsi ethnic group and increasingly intolerant to their Hutu counterparts, UPRONA remained the dominant force in Burundian politics until the latter stages of the Burundian Civil War in 2003. It is currently a minor opposition party.
Akhanda Nepal Party
Akhanda Nepal Party (Nepali: अखण्ड नेपाल पार्टी, 'Great Nepal Party') was a political party in Nepal. As of 2013, the chairman of the party was Kumar Khadka. The party joined Nepali Congress ahead of the 2017 Nepalese general election.

The party calls for the reinstatement of Nepal as a Hindu state. It proposes a topography-based federal system in Nepal, and opposes a federal structure drawn along ethnic/linguistic lines. The party favoured a presidential system, with a directly elected president that appoints a government.

The party registered itself with the Election Commission of Nepal ahead of the 2013 Constituent Assembly election. It presented 105 candidates in FPTP constituencies. For the Proportional Representation vote the party submitted a list of 100 candidates, headed by Anirudra Thapa. The election symbol of the party is a pennon.

Election Commission (Nepal)
The Election Commission, Nepal (Nepali: निर्वाचन आयोग, नेपाल; Nirvācana āyōg, Nēpāl) is a constitutional body responsible for conducting and monitoring elections, as well as registering parties and candidates and reporting election outcomes, in Nepal. It was born out of the 1950 revolution in Nepal, and was established in law in 1951, although it has been changed somewhat by law over time. It has six members who serve for six-year terms, as established by the Constitution of Nepal. During the Constituent Assembly elections in 2008, it was criticized for not fully upholding its duties, but was acknowledged to have managed the elections well nonetheless.

The first election commissioner was Subarna Shamsher Rana in 1951.
Cenostigma
Cenostigma is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It includes 15 species native to the tropical Americas, ranging from Mexico to northwestern Argentina and southern Brazil. It belongs to the subfamily Caesalpinioideae and tribe Caesalpinieae. Cenostigma pluviosa is being investigated as a possible antimalarial medication.

Caesalpinioideae
Caesalpinioideae is a botanical name at the rank of subfamily, placed in the large family Fabaceae or Leguminosae. Its name is formed from the generic name Caesalpinia. It is known also as the peacock flower subfamily. The Caesalpinioideae are mainly trees distributed in the moist tropics, but include such temperate species as the honeylocust (Gleditsia triacanthos) and Kentucky coffeetree (Gymnocladus dioicus). It has the following clade-based definition:

The most inclusive crown clade containing Arcoa gonavensis Urb. and Mimosa pudica L., but not Bobgunnia fistuloides (Harms) J. H. Kirkbr. & Wiersema, Duparquetia orchidacea Baill., or Poeppigia procera C.Presl

In some classifications, for example the Cronquist system, the group is recognized at the rank of family, Caesalpiniaceae.
Sóllilja Bjarnadóttir
Sóllilja Bjarnadóttir (born 13 February 1995) is an Icelandic basketball player who plays for Njarðvík in the Icelandic top-tier Úrvalsdeild kvenna. Outside of Njarðvík, she has played with Breiðablik, Stjarnan, Valur and KR in Iceland. She played professionally for A3 Basket Umeå in the Basketligan dam during the 2021–2022 season.

On 24 February 2021, Sóllilja scored 28 points, including 17 points in a row, for Breiðablik in a victory against KR. She played for Breiðablik until December 2023 when the team folded.

In June 2024, Sóllilja signed with Grindavík.

Grindavík (women's basketball)
The Grindavík women's basketball team, commonly known as Grindavík or UMFG for short, is the women's basketball department of Ungmennafélag Grindavíkur multi-sport club, based in the town of Grindavík in Iceland.  It won the national championship in 1997 and the Icelandic Basketball Cup in 2008 and 2015.
Cessna 208 Caravan
The Cessna 208 Caravan is a utility aircraft produced by Cessna.

The project was commenced on November 20, 1981, and the prototype first flew on December 9, 1982.
The production model was certified by the FAA in October 1984 and its Cargomaster freighter variant was developed for FedEx.
The 4 ft (1.2 m) longer 208B Super Cargomaster first flew in 1986 and was developed into the passenger 208B Grand Caravan.

The strutted, high wing 208 typically seats nine passengers in its unpressurized cabin, is powered by a single Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A tractor turboprop and has a fixed tricycle landing gear, floats, or skis.

By 2022, 3,000 had been delivered and 24 million flight hours have been logged. Caravans have been used for flight training, commuter airlines, VIP transport, air cargo, skydiving and humanitarian missions.

Regional airline
A regional airline is a general classification of airline which typically operates scheduled passenger air service, using regional aircraft, between communities lacking sufficient demand or infrastructure to attract mainline flights. In North America, most regional airlines are classified as "fee-for-departure" carriers, operating their revenue flights as codeshare services contracted by one or more major airline partners. A number of regional airlines, particularly during the 1960s and 1970s, were classified as commuter airlines in the Official Airline Guide (OAG).
Imke
Imke is a given name. Notable people with the given name include:

Imke Bartels (born 1977), Dutch equestrian

Imke Courtois (born 1988), Belgian footballer and sports analyst

Imke David (born 1967), German viol player, author, professor and ensemble-member

Imke Duplitzer (born 1975), German épée fencer

Imke Glas (born 1994), Dutch artistic gymnast

Imke Onnen (born 1994), German high jumper

Imke Vervaet (born 1993), Belgian sprinter

Imke Duplitzer
Imke Duplitzer (born 28 July 1975 in Karlsruhe) is a German épée fencer. Imke is a four time Olympian (2000, 2004, 2008, and 2012) where she placed 10th, 5th, 5th, and 29th respectively (in the individual competition). She also fenced in three team events at the Olympics, and at the 2004 Summer Olympics she won the silver medal in the team épée competition with Britta Heidemann and Claudia Bokel.
During the 2006 World Fencing Championships, she won the bronze medal after beating Romania in the épée team event together with her teammates Claudia Bokel, Britta Heidemann and Marijana Markovic.
She is also a two-time European Champion in the individual event (1999 & 2010) as well as being a part of the gold medal-winning team in 1998.

Duplitzer is openly lesbian.
Gunilla Bandolin
Carin Gunilla Bandolin (born 19 July 1954, in Köping) is a Swedish sculptor, ceramist, and landscape architect, best known for her various public art installations across Sweden. A graduate of Stockholm University, Uppsala University, Konstfack, and Karlstad University, she has been a visiting professor at KTH Royal Institute of Technology, and worked as an art critic for Dagens Nyheter and Expressen.

Art critic
An art critic is a person who is specialized in analyzing, interpreting, and evaluating art. Their written critiques or reviews contribute to art criticism and they are published in newspapers, magazines, books, exhibition brochures, and catalogues and on websites. Some of today's art critics use art blogs and other online platforms in order to connect with a wider audience and expand debate.
Garrard baronets
There have been two baronetcies created for persons with the surname Garrard, both in the Baronetage of England. Both creations are extinct.

The Garrard Baronetcy, of Lamer in the County of Hertford, was created in the Baronetage of England on 16 February 1622 for Sir John Garrard. He was the son of Sir John Garrard, Lord Mayor of London in 1601, and grandson of Sir William Garrard, Lord Mayor of London in 1555. The third Baronet represented Ludgershall and Amersham in Parliament. The fourth and sixth Baronets also sat as Members of Parliament for Amersham. The title became extinct on the death of the sixth Baronet in 1767.

The Garrard Baronetcy, of Langford in the County of Norfolk, was created in the Baronetage of England on 16 August 1662 for Sir Jacob Garrard, a wealthy London merchant. He was the son of Thomas Garrard, Sheriff of the City of London. The title became extinct on the death of the third Baronet in 1728.

Amersham (UK Parliament constituency)
Amersham, often spelt as Agmondesham, was a constituency of the House of Commons of England until 1707, then in the House of Commons of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800 and finally in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1832. It was represented by two Members of Parliament (MPs), elected by the bloc-vote system.
Austin Tate
Austin Tate is Emeritus Professor of Knowledge-based systems in the School of Informatics at the University of Edinburgh.  From 1985 to 2019 he was Director of AIAI (Artificial Intelligence Applications Institute) in the School of Informatics at the University of Edinburgh.

He is known for his contributions to AI Planning, applications of Artificial Intelligence, and work on collaborative systems in Virtual Worlds.

Knowledge-based systems
A knowledge-based system (KBS) is a computer program that reasons and uses a knowledge base to solve complex problems. Knowledge-based systems were the focus of early artificial intelligence researchers in the 1980s. The term can refer to a broad range of systems. However, all knowledge-based systems have two defining components: an attempt to represent knowledge explicitly, called a knowledge base, and a reasoning system that allows them to derive new knowledge, known as an inference engine.
Samuel Dexter Lecompte
Samuel Dexter Lecompte (December 13, 1814 – April 24, 1888) was an American jurist best known for his extreme pro-slavery views, his involvement in the events of Bleeding Kansas, and for being the founder and namesake of Lecompton, the erstwhile capital of the Kansas Territory.

Leavenworth, Kansas
Leavenworth (/ˈlɛvənˌwɜːrθ/) is the county seat of and the largest city in Leavenworth County, Kansas, United States. Part of the Kansas City metropolitan area, Leavenworth is located on the west bank of the Missouri River, on the site of Fort Leavenworth, built in 1827. The city became known in American history for its role as a key supply base in the settlement of the American West. During the Civil War, many volunteers joined the Union Army from Leavenworth.  The city has been notable as the location of several prisons, particularly the United States Disciplinary Barracks and United States Penitentiary, Leavenworth. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 37,351.