hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jack Gleason
John Day Gleason (July 14, 1854 – September 4, 1944) was a 19th-century American professional baseball player who primarily played third base. His younger brother, Bill Gleason, was also a ballplayer.

Gleason appeared in one game for the St. Louis Brown Stockings of the National League in 1877, that team's last season. He then played in the American Association for the St. Louis Browns in 1882 and the beginning of 1883, and the Louisville Eclipse for most of 1883. From 1884 to 1885, Gleason played for the St. Louis Maroons during their only Union Association season and first in the National League. He played his last season in 1886 for the Philadelphia Athletics in the American Association. He later managed the San Francisco club in the Pacific Coast League in 1906, 1907 and 1909.

He died at his daughter's home in St. Louis on September 4, 1944, and was buried at Calvary Cemetery. He was the last living player from the 1877 season at his death.

Union Association
The Union Association was an American professional baseball league which competed with Major League Baseball, lasting for just the 1884 season. St. Louis won the pennant and joined the National League the following season.

Seven of the twelve teams who were in the Association at some point during the season did not play a full schedule: four teams folded during the season and were replaced, while  Chicago moved to Pittsburgh in late August.
2006 British National Road Race Championships
The British National Road Race Championships 2006 took place on 24 and 25 June in the Yorkshire town, Beverley. The men's road race saw a new champion, Hamish Haynes but the women's race held no surprises as Nicole Cooke took her seventh victory - her sixth in a row.

Nicole Cooke
Nicole Denise Cooke, MBE (born 13 April 1983) is a Welsh former professional road bicycle racer and Commonwealth, Olympic and World road race champion. At Beijing in 2008 she became the first British woman to win a Gold Olympic medal in any cycling discipline.  Cooke announced her retirement from the sport on 14 January 2013 at the age of 29.
1,1,1,2,2,3,3-Heptachloropropane
1,1,1,2,2,3,3-Heptachloropropane is a compound of chlorine, hydrogen, and carbon. Its linear formula is C2Cl5CHCl2.

Heptachloropropane is made in a modified Friedel-Crafts or Prins reaction from chloroform and tetrachloroethylene with catalytic aluminum chloride. Dehydrochlorination with a base gives hexachloropropene.

Elimination reaction
An elimination reaction is a type of organic reaction in which two substituents are removed from a molecule in either a one- or two-step mechanism. The one-step mechanism is known as the E2 reaction, and the two-step mechanism is known as the E1 reaction.  The numbers refer not to the number of steps in the mechanism, but rather to the kinetics of the reaction: E2 is bimolecular (second-order) while E1 is unimolecular (first-order). In cases where the molecule is able to stabilize an anion but possesses a poor leaving group, a third type of reaction, E1CB,  exists.  Finally, the pyrolysis of xanthate and acetate esters proceed through an "internal" elimination mechanism, the Ei mechanism.
Gorna Kula
Gorna kula (Bulgarian: Горна кула) is a village in Kardzhali Province in the very south of Bulgaria, located in the Eastern Rhodopes on the banks of the river Krumovitsa. The majority of its population consists of ethnic Turks.

Kardzhali Province
41°39′N 25°22′E﻿ / ﻿41.650°N 25.367°E﻿ / 41.650; 25.367

Kardzhali Province  (Bulgarian: Област Кърджали, romanized: Oblast Kărdžali) is a province of southern Bulgaria, neighbouring Greece with the Greek regional units of Xanthi, Rhodope, and Evros to the south and east. It is 3,209.1 km2 in area. Its main city is Kardzhali. It is Bulgaria's southernmost province.
Brent Moss
Brent A. Moss (January 30, 1972 – November 13, 2022) was an American professional football running back who played in the National Football League (NFL) and XFL. He played college football for the Wisconsin Badgers, winning the Big Ten Most Valuable Player and Jim Brown Trophy in 1993. He played for the St. Louis Rams, Amsterdam Admirals and the Memphis Maniax.

Memphis Maniax
The Memphis Maniax were an American football team based in Memphis, Tennessee. The team was part of the XFL begun by Vince McMahon of World Wrestling Entertainment and by NBC, a major television network in the United States. Home games were played at Liberty Bowl Memorial Stadium.
Bernard Harley
Bernard Harley (born 1842) was an Ordinary Seaman in the Union Navy during the American Civil War, where he earned the Medal of Honor.

Harley was born in 1842, in Kings County, New York. While aboard the U.S. Picket Boat No. 1, on October 27, 1864, he was awarded the Medal of Honor for his extraordinary heroism in action near Plymouth, North Carolina. The Confederate ram Albemarle had resisted many previous attacks, but Harley and his picket boat, equipped with a spar torpedo, succeeded in passing the enemy pickets. They were then able to destroy the Ablemarle. The picket boat was destroyed by enemy fire, and almost the entire crew was taken prisoner or lost. This included Harley, who was taken as a prisoner of war.

Harley was awarded his Medal of Honor on December 31, 1864. He was married to Anna Harley (?-1909). Harley died on January 15, 1886, in Kings County (Brooklyn), New York, and was later buried in the Holy Cross Cemetery.

Plymouth, North Carolina
Established in 1787, Plymouth is the most populous town in Washington County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 3,320 at the 2020 census. It is the county seat of Washington County. Plymouth is located on the Roanoke River about seven miles (11 km) upriver from its mouth into the Albemarle Sound in North Carolina's Inner Banks region.
Red Hook Central School District
Red Hook Central School District is a school district in New York State.

Most of the district is in Dutchess County, where it includes most of the town of Red Hook and portions of the towns of Milan and Rhinebeck. The villages of Tivoli and Red Hook are in the district boundary, as well as the hamlets of: Annandale-on-Hudson, Barrytown, and Upper Red Hook. The district extends into Germantown Town, Columbia County.

Germantown, New York
Germantown is a town in Columbia County, New York, United States. The population was 1,936 at the 2020 census, down slightly from 1,954 in 2010. Germantown is located in the south-western part of the county along the east side of the Hudson River.
Ichirō Hariu
Ichirō Hariu (針生 一郎, Hariu Ichirō, December 1, 1925–May 26, 2010), was a Japanese art critic and literary critic, remembered as one of the "Big Three" art critics of postwar Japan (alongside Yoshiaki Tōno and Yūsuke Nakahara).

Postwar Japan
Postwar Japan is the period in Japanese history beginning with the surrender of Japan to the Allies of World War II on 2 September 1945, and lasting at least until the end of the Shōwa era in 1989.

Despite the massive devastation it suffered in the Second World War, Japan established itself as a global economic power at peace with the world after the Allied-occupation ended on 28 April 1952 by the Treaty of San Francisco. In terms of political power it was more reluctant, especially in the nonuse of military force. The post-war constitution of 1947 included Article 9, which restricted Japan from having a military force and engaging in war. However, it has operated military forces in the stationing of the United States Forces Japan based on the U.S.-Japan Security Treaty after the Allied occupation and the form of the Japanese Self-Defense Forces since 1954.
Paducah and Elizabethtown Railroad
The Paducah and Elizabethtown Railroad was a 19th-century railway company in western Kentucky in the United States. It operated from 1877, when it purchased the Louisville, Paducah and Southwestern Railroad, until 1882, when it was purchased by the Chesapeake, Ohio and Southwestern Railroad. It later made up part of the Illinois Central network and its former rights-of-way currently form parts of the class-II Paducah and Louisville Railway.

It connected with the Evansville, Owensboro and Nashville Railroad (the later Owensboro and Nashville Railroad and Railway) at Central City in Muhlenberg County.

Central City, Kentucky
Central City is a home rule-class city in Muhlenberg County, Kentucky, in the United States. The population was 5,819 at the 2020 census. It is the largest city in the county and the principal community in the Central City Micropolitan Statistical Area, which includes all of Muhlenberg County.
Vit (river)
The Vit (Bulgarian: Вит; Latin: Utus) is a river in northern Bulgaria, a right tributary of the Danube. Its length including the main stem Beli (White) Vit is 189 km, while the river proper, formed by the confluence of the Beli and Cherni (Black) Vit is 153 km long. Vit Ice Piedmont in Antarctica is named after the river. The fish species Vit sculpin of the genus Cottus is endemic to the Vit.

Cottus (fish)
Cottus is a genus of the mainly freshwater ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. They are often referred to as the "freshwater sculpins", as they are the principal genus of sculpins to be found in fresh water. They are native to the Palearctic and Nearctic.

They are small fish, mostly less than 15 cm (6 in) in length, although a few species can reach twice that size.
Law enforcement in Argentina
In Argentina, the most important law enforcement organization is the Argentine Federal Police with jurisdiction in all Argentine territory. Most routine police work is carried out by provincial/state police forces. In recent years, several cities (such as Saldan and Villa Allende) started their own local police forces to reduce the burden on the State Police. The capital city of Buenos Aires (a federal district), where the Argentine Federal Police works with Argentine Naval Prefecture (Coast Guard) and Buenos Aires City Police (Municipal police).

Municipal police
Municipal police, city police, or local police are law enforcement agencies that are under the control of local government. This includes the municipal government, where it is the smallest administrative subdivision. They receive funding from the city budget, and may have fewer legal powers than the "state paid" police. These police forces usually report to a mayor or a local police board.
Songo Mnara Island
Songo Mnara Island is an island located in Pande Mikoma ward in Kilwa District in Lindi Region of Tanzania's Indian Ocean coast. The island is home to the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Songo Mnara, one of seven world heritage sites in the country. In total, the island covers an area of 8.5 km2 (3.3 sq mi), and has an average elevation of 9 m (30 ft). The Island is the ancestral home of the Machinga people.

Machinga people
The Machinga are a Bantu ethnic and linguistic group native to Kilwa District of Lindi Region on the southern Indian Ocean coast of Tanzania.  In 1987 the Machinga population was estimated to be 36,000 people.
Amagalantuy
Amagalantuy (Russian: Амагалантуй; Buryat: Амгаланта, Amgalanta) is a rural locality (an ulus) in Bichursky District, Republic of Buryatia, Russia. The population was 45 in 2010. There are two streets.

Bichursky District
Bichursky District (Russian: Бичу́рский райо́н; Buryat: Бэшүүрэй аймаг, Beshüürei aimag) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-one in the Republic of Buryatia, Russia. It is located in the south of the republic. The area of the district is 6,201 square kilometers (2,394 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Bichura. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 25,352, with the population of Bichura accounting for 36.1% of that number.
Sofija (given name)
Sofija (Cyrillic: Софија) is feminine given name found in South Slavic and East Baltic languages.

It is a cognate of the Greek name Sophia meaning 'Wisdom'.

Notable people bearing the name Sofija include:

Sofija Jovanović (1895–1979), Serbian war hero

Sofija Korkutytė (1939–2000), Lithuanian rower

Sofija Milošević (born 1991), Serbian model

Sofija Pšibiliauskienė (1867–1926), Lithuanian writer

Sofija Skoric (born 1937–2022), Serbian-Canadian writer, editor, translator, publisher and activist

Sofija Smetonienė (1885–1968), former First Lady of Lithuania

Sofija Veiverytė (1926–2009), Lithuanian painter

Sofija Naletilić (1913–1994), Croatian naïve sculptor from Herzegovina

Sofija Novoselić (born 1990), Croatian alpine skier

Sofija Garanča (born 2004), Latvian footballer

Sofija Škorić
Sofija Škorić (Serbian Cyrillic: Софија Шкорић; 1 January 1937 – 4 May 2022) was a Serbian Canadian writer, editor, translator, publisher, activist and initiator-founder of The Serbian Heritage Academy of Canada, based in Toronto.
Aristotle's axiom
Aristotle's axiom is an axiom in the foundations of geometry, proposed by Aristotle in On the Heavens that states:

If   is an acute angle and AB is any segment, then there exists a point P on the ray   and a point Q on the ray , such that PQ is perpendicular to OX and PQ > AB.

Aristotle's axiom  is a consequence of the Archimedean property, and the conjunction of Aristotle's axiom and the Lotschnittaxiom, which states that "Perpendiculars raised on each side of a right angle intersect", is equivalent to the Parallel Postulate.

Without the parallel postulate, Aristotle's axiom is equivalent to each of the following two incidence-geometric statements:

Given two intersecting lines m and n, and a  point P, incident with neither m nor n,  there exists a line g  through P which intersects m but not n.

Given a line a as well as two intersecting lines m and n, both parallel to a, there exists a line g which intersects a and m, but not n.

On the Heavens
On the Heavens (Greek: Περὶ οὐρανοῦ; Latin: De Caelo or De Caelo et Mundo) is Aristotle's chief cosmological treatise: written in 350 BCE, it contains his astronomical theory and his ideas on the concrete workings of the terrestrial world. It should not be confused with the spurious work On the Universe (De Mundo, also known as On the Cosmos).

This work is significant as one of the defining pillars of the Aristotelian worldview, a school of philosophy that dominated intellectual thinking for almost two millennia. Similarly, this work and others by Aristotle were important seminal works from which much of scholasticism was derived.
Mordecai Lincoln House (Springfield, Kentucky)
The Mordecai Lincoln House is a historic house located in Washington County, Kentucky, 6 miles (9.7 km) north of Springfield, Kentucky. It was the home of Mordecai Lincoln, brother of Thomas Lincoln, the father of the 16th President of the United States Abraham Lincoln.  It is the only house owned by a member of Abraham Lincoln's family that still stands in Kentucky.  It is across KY 528 from Lincoln Homestead State Park.

Washington County, Kentucky
Washington County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, its population was 12,027. Its county seat is Springfield. The county is named for George Washington. Washington County was the first county formed in the Commonwealth of Kentucky when it reached statehood, and the 16th county formed. The center of population of Kentucky is located in Washington County, in the city of Willisburg. Before 2025, the county was dry, meaning that the sale of alcohol was prohibited, but it contained the "wet" city of Springfield, where retail alcohol sales are allowed. This classified the jurisdiction as a moist county. The county become  wet  in November, 2024 after a ballot initiative. Three wineries operate in the county and are licensed separately to sell to the public. Jacob Beam, founder of Jim Beam whiskey, sold his first barrel of whiskey in Washington County.
Heteradelphia
Heteradelphia is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Acanthaceae. It includes two species native to Guinea, Côte d'Ivoire, and Nigeria in western tropical Africa and to São Tomé in the Gulf of Guinea Islands.

Species:

Heteradelphia paulojaegeria Heine – Guinea, Côte d'Ivoire, and Nigeria

Heteradelphia paulowilhelmia Lindau – São Tomé

São Tomé
São Tomé is the capital and largest city of the Central African island country of São Tomé and Príncipe. Its name is Portuguese for "Saint Thomas". Founded in the 15th century, it is one of Africa's oldest colonial cities.
Forthing Xinghai S7
The Forthing Xinghai S7 (Chinese: 风行 星海S7; pinyin: Fengxing Xinghai S7) is a battery electric and range extender full-size liftback sedan produced by Dongfeng Liuzhou Motor under the Forthing brand. The Xinghai S7 is the second model in the Xinghai line.

Liftback
The marketing term liftback describes a hatchback car body style with a rear cargo door, where the overall roof line and rear cargo door are sloped more like that of sedans or coupe — as compared to the more vertical rear cargo door of a more utilitarian hatchback or wagon. A liftback may include fold-down rear seats for increased cargo capacity, providing increased cargo flexibility vs. a conventional sedan or coupe.
Kyvos
Kyvos is a semantic layer for AI and BI, developed by an American privately held company named Kyvos Insights. The company, headquartered in Los Gatos, California, was founded by Praveen Kankariya. Kyvos provides multidimensional analysis at scale on cloud platforms and was launched officially in June 2015.

Multidimensional analysis
In statistics, econometrics and related fields, multidimensional analysis (MDA) is a data analysis process that groups data into two categories: data dimensions and measurements. For example, a data set consisting of the number of wins for a single football team at each of several years is a single-dimensional (in this case, longitudinal) data set. A data set consisting of the number of wins for several football teams in a single year is also a single-dimensional (in this case, cross-sectional) data set. A data set consisting of the number of wins for several football teams over several years is a two-dimensional data set.
Michael Herrmann
Michael Herrmann (born 4 February 1944) is a German culture and music administrator. He founded the Rheingau Musik Festival in 1987 and is its Artistic Director and Chief Executive Officer. He also runs a concert agency in the Frankfurt Alte Oper, the Pro Arte Konzertdirektion, and started an agency for concerts in the Kurhaus Wiesbaden in 2019, Wiesbaden Musik, beginning with a concert on his 75th birthday.

Eberbach Abbey
Eberbach Abbey (German: Kloster Eberbach) is a former Cistercian monastery in Eltville in the Rheingau, Germany. On account of its Romanesque and early Gothic buildings it is considered one of the most significant architectural heritage sites in Hesse.

In the winter of 1985/86 some of the interior scenes of the film The Name of the Rose were shot here. The abbey is a main venue of the annual Rheingau Musik Festival.
Battle of Pochonbo
The Battle of Pochonbo (Japanese: 普天堡の戦い, Hepburn: Futenho no tatakai) was an event which occurred in northern Korea, Empire of Japan on 4 June 1937 (Juche 26), when Korean and Chinese guerrillas commanded by Kim Il Sung (or possibly Choe Hyon) attacked and defeated a Japanese detachment during the anti-Japanese armed struggle in Korea. The battle holds an important place in North Korea.

Juche calendar
The Juche calendar (Korean: 주체력) was the system of year-numbering used in North Korea between 1997 and 2024. Named after a key concept of North Korea's state ideology, it begins with the birth of founding father Kim Il Sung, whose birth year, 1912 in the Gregorian calendar, is Juche 1 in the Juche calendar. The calendar was adopted in 1997, three years after the death of Kim Il Sung. It has been reported that as of October 2024 the calendar is no longer in use, in favor of the Gregorian calendar.
William Money Hardinge
William Money Hardinge (17 May 1854 – 17 November 1916) was an English poet and author.

The son of Dr Henry Hardinge of London, William received his education at Westminster and Oxford. During his time at Balliol, he gained a reputation as a romantic
homosexual and aesthete, acquiring the nickname of the 'Balliol Bugger'. He had a controversial relationship with the essayist Walter Pater, for which he was sent down for nine months. In 1876, at the age of 21, he won the Newdigate Prize for his work Troy and recited his poem at the Sheldonian Theatre, June 21, 1876. In the 1880s he turned to writing novels with heterosexual romantic themes.

Sheldonian Theatre
The Sheldonian Theatre, in the centre of Oxford, England, was built from 1664 to 1669 after a design by Christopher Wren for the University of Oxford. The building is named after Gilbert Sheldon, Warden of All Souls College and later chancellor of the university. Sheldon was the project's main financial backer. The theatre is used for music concerts, lectures and university ceremonies, but not for drama until 2015 when the Christ Church Dramatic Society staged a production of The Crucible by Arthur Miller.
2026 BWF Para-Badminton World Championships
The 2026 BWF Para-Badminton World Championships (Arabic: بطولة العالم للريشة الطائرة لذوي الاحتياجات الخاصة 2026) was the 15th edition of the BWF Para-Badminton World Championships, organised by the Badminton World Federation. It wa helds from 8 to 14 February 2026 in Manama, Bahrain.

Krishna Nagar (para-badminton)
Krishna Nagar (born 2 January 1999) is an Indian para badminton player from Rajasthan. He had been ranked world number 2 in para-badminton men's Singles SH6. He won a gold medal at the 2020 Summer Paralympics.
Ferdinand Eisen
Ferdinand Eisen (17 November 1914 – 31 October 2000) was an Estonian educator, pedagogy researcher and education administrator who served as Minister of Education of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic from April 1960 to July 1980. In Estonian education history he is noted for long tenure and for initiatives associated with maintaining an 11-year general school in Estonia within the Soviet system, expanding specialised classes (languages, music and arts), promoting Estonian-language teaching materials, and introducing a five-day school week.

Education minister
An education minister (sometimes minister of education) is a position in the governments of some countries responsible for dealing with educational matters. Where known, the government department, ministry, or agency that develops policy and delivers services relating to sports are listed; overseen by and responsible to the education minister. The first such ministry ever is considered to be the Commission of National Education (Polish: Komisja Edukacji Narodowej, Lithuanian: Edukacinė komisija) founded in 1773 in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
The Auction Block (1917 film)
The Auction Block is a lost 1917 American silent drama film directed by Laurence Trimble and starring Rubye De Remer. The film was produced by Rex Beach, upon whose novel, The Auction Block, the film is based. The film was remade as a comedy in 1926 by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer starring Charles Ray and Eleanor Boardman.

Remake
A remake is a film, television series, video game, song or similar form of entertainment that is based upon and retells the story of an earlier production in the same medium—e.g., a "new version of an existing film". A remake tells the same story as the original but uses a different set of casts, and may use actors from the original, alter the theme, or change the flow and setting of the story. In addition, since a remake is released some time after the original work, it may incorporate new technologies, enhancements, and techniques that had not existed or been commonly used when the original work was created. Similar but not synonymous terms are reimagining or reboot, which indicates a greater discrepancy between, for example, a movie and the movie it is based on.