hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Canyons of the Teton Range
The canyons of the Teton Range lie almost entirely within Grand Teton National Park in the U.S. state of Wyoming. Ranging from 9 miles (14 km) to less than 1 mile (1.6 km) in length and up to 6,000 feet (1,800 m) deep, the canyons were carved primarily by glaciers over the past 250,000 years. The canyons in the Teton Range descend in altitude generally west to east and many have lakes at their outlets. The lakes were created by terminal moraines left behind by the now retreated glaciers. A few of the canyons have small glaciers that were created mostly during the Little Ice Age (1550-1850). Fast retreating Schoolroom Glacier is a tiny glacier located at the head of the South Cascade Canyon. Most of the canyons have streams from which rain and snowmelt flow towards Jackson Hole valley, and due to the sometimes rapid altitude descent, waterfalls are common. The canyons offer the easiest hiking access into the Teton Range.

Schoolroom Glacier
Schoolroom Glacier is a small glacier in Grand Teton National Park in the U.S. state of Wyoming. This Teton Range glacier lies adjacent to the south Cascade Canyon trail at an altitude of 10,400 ft (3,200 m), approximately 12 mi (19 km) from the trailhead at Jenny Lake. The glacier has many of the classic textbook details of a glacier, namely, well defined terminal and lateral moraines, crevasses, a proglacial lake (or tarn) and related features which led to the naming schoolroom.

As is true for a vast majority of glaciers worldwide, Schoolroom Glacier has been in a state of retreat for many decades, and if current climatic conditions persist, the glacier is anticipated to disappear by the year 2030, if not sooner.
Eupithecia pyreneata
Eupithecia pyreneata is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in southern and central Europe.

The wingspan is 17–18 mm. There usually is one generation with adults on wing from June to July. In southern Europe, a partial second generation may occur.

The larvae fee don Digitalis lutea and Digitalis grandiflora. Larvae can be found from the end of June to August. The species overwinters in the pupal stage.

Digitalis lutea
Digitalis lutea, the straw foxglove or small yellow foxglove, is a species of flowering plant in the plantain family Plantaginaceae, that is native to western and southern Europe and North West Africa.
Comite River
The Comite River /ˈkoʊ.mit/ (French: Rivière Comité) is a right-bank tributary of the Amite River, with a confluence near the city of Denham Springs, east of Baton Rouge, Louisiana. The river is 56.1 miles (90.3 km) long. Its drainage basin comprises about 348 square miles (900 km2), and includes portions of Wilkinson and Amite Counties in Mississippi, and East Feliciana and East Baton Rouge Parishes in Louisiana. The river's source lies in the hills of the East and West Feliciana Parishes, and empties into the Amite River just north of U.S. Route 190 (Florida Blvd) near the eastern boundary of Baton Rouge.

Wilkinson County, Mississippi
Wilkinson County is a county located in the southwest corner of the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of 2020, its population was 8,587. Its county seat is Woodville. Bordered by the Mississippi River on the west, the county is named for James Wilkinson, a Revolutionary War military leader and first governor of the Louisiana Territory after its acquisition by the United States in 1803.
MARINA
MARINA is an NSA database and analysis toolset for intercepted Internet metadata (DNI in NSA terminology). The database stores metadata up to a year. According to documents leaked by Edward Snowden:

The Marina metadata application tracks a user's browser experience, gathers contact information/content and develops summaries of target

... [o]f the more distinguishing features, Marina has the ability to look back on the last 365 days' worth of DNI metadata seen by the SIGINT collection system, regardless whether or not it was tasked for collection. [Emphasis in original NSA document.]

The stored metadata is mainly used for pattern-of-life analysis. US persons are not exempt because metadata is not considered data by US law (section 702 of the FISA Amendments Act).

MARINA's phone counterpart is MAINWAY.

Metadata
Metadata (or metainformation) is data that defines and describes the characteristics of other data.  It often helps to describe, explain, locate, or otherwise make data easier to retrieve, use, or manage. For example, the title, author, and publication date of a book are metadata about the book. But, while a data asset is finite, its metadata is infinite.

As such, efforts to define, classify types, or structure metadata are expressed as examples in the context of its use. The term "metadata" has a history dating to the 1960s where it occurred in computer science and in popular culture. Different types of metadata serve different functions. For example, descriptive metadata for a document might include the author, creation date, file size and keywords.
Shiva (soundtrack)
The five-song soundtrack album and background score of the 1989 Telugu-language crime action film of the same name is composed by Ilaiyaraaja. The film, directed by Ram Gopal Varma and produced by Annapurna Studios and SS Creations, stars Nagarjuna, Amala Akkineni, Raghuvaran and J. D. Chakravarthy. Veturi Sundararama Murthy and Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry wrote lyrics for the songs, while S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki, K. S. Chithra, S. P. Sailaja and Mano were the singers. The soundtrack was successful and was acclaimed as one of Ilaiyaraaja's best works in Telugu cinema.

S. P. Sailaja
Sripathi Panditaradhyula Sailaja is an Indian singer, voice artist and actress who had sung 10,000 songs in Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam and Hindi films. She had sung most of the songs for Illayaraja, K. Chakravarthy, Ramesh Naidu, K.V. Mahadevan, Chandrabose, Shankar-Ganesh and Gangai Amaran. She had won two Nandi Awards, Filmfare South and Kalasagar awards.
Golden Grand Prix
The Seiko Golden Grand Prix, formerly known as the Golden Grand Prix Kawasaki, is a track and field competition at the International Stadium Yokohama, Japan as part of the World Athletics Continental Tour. It was first organized in 2011 at the Todoroki Athletics Stadium in Kawasaki and sponsored by Seiko. It replaced the Osaka Grand Prix as the major athletics meet in Japan.

In 2013 the Seiko Golden Grand Prix Japanese leg of IAAF World Challenge moved from Kawasaki to Japan National Stadium in Tokyo. Meanwhile the 2018 edition moved back to Yanmar Stadium Nagai in Osaka. From 2020 until 2022 the meeting again was held in Tokyo before it moved to Yokohama in 2023.

Kawasaki, Kanagawa
Kawasaki, officially Kawasaki City, is a city in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan, one of the main cities of the Greater Tokyo Area and Keihin Industrial Area. It is the second most populated city in Kanagawa Prefecture after Yokohama, and the eighth most populated city in Japan (including the Tokyo Metropolitan Area).

As of October 1, 2017, the city has an estimated population of 1,503,690, with 716,470 households, and a population density of 10,000 persons per km2. Kawasaki is the only city in Japan with more than one million inhabitants that is not a prefectural capital. The total area is 142.70 km2 (55.10 sq mi).
Dinghu East railway station
Dinghu East railway station (Chinese: 鼎湖东站) is a railway station in Yong'an, Dinghu District, Zhaoqing, Guangdong, China. It is an intermediate station on the Guangzhou–Zhaoqing intercity railway. It opened with the line on 30 March 2016. The station has two island platforms. It is situated adjacent and perpendicular to Zhaoqing East railway station and a walkway is provided for transfer between the two stations.

Zhaoqing
Zhaoqing (Chinese: 肇庆), alternately romanized as Shiuhing, is a prefecture-level city in Guangdong, China. As of the 2020 census, its population was 4,113,594, with 1,553,109 living in the built-up (or metro) area made of Duanzhou, Dinghu and Gaoyao. The prefectural seat—except the Seven Star Crags—is fairly flat, but thickly forested mountains lie just outside its limits. Numerous rice paddies and aquaculture ponds are found on the outskirts of the city. Sihui and the southern districts of the prefecture are considered part of the Pearl River Delta.

Formerly one of the most important cities in southern China, Zhaoqing lost its importance during the Qing dynasty and is now primarily known for tourism and as a provincial "college town". Residents from Guangzhou, Shenzhen, and the other cities of the Pearl River Delta often visit it for weekend excursions. It is also a growing manufacturing center.
Blue Raincoat Music
Established by music industry professionals Jeremy Lascelles and Robin Millar, Blue Raincoat Music began as an artist management company based in West London in 2014. In 2016, the company diversified into music publishing, starting Blue Raincoat Songs. Later that year Blue Raincoat Music bought Chrysalis Records, an agreement which saw the label returned to the independent sector and reunited with original co-founder Chris Wright, in a new non-executive chairman role. In 2017, Blue Raincoat Music acquired the Berlin-based booking agency Spar-ks. Blue Raincoat Music now serves as the umbrella company under which Blue Raincoat Artists (management), Blue Raincoat Songs (publishing), and Chrysalis Records operate.

In August 2019, Blue Raincoat was acquired by Reservoir Media Management.

West London
West London is the western part of London, England, north of the River Thames, west of the City of London, and extending to the Greater London boundary.

The term is used to differentiate the area from the other parts of London: Central London, North London, East London and South London. West London was part of the historic county of Middlesex.
Cypraea pantherina
Cypraea pantherina, common name the panther cowry, is a species of large tropical sea snail, a cowry, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Cypraeidae, the cowries. The panther cowry is one of only two species currently included in the genus Cypraea (the second species is  Cypraea tigris, Linnaeus, 1758), as all other species previously belonging to the genus Cypraea have been reassigned to other genera within the family Cypraeidae.

Shells of Cypraea pantherina have been found in tombs in the Rhine valley dated to 6 BCE.  Furthermore, shells of this species and the related Cypraea tigris have been unearthed at Pompeii, the ancient Roman city near Naples, Italy, where these shells may have been used as an ornament.

Tomb
A tomb (from Ancient Greek: τύμβος tumbos, meaning "mound" or "burial monument") is a repository for the remains of the dead. It may be above or below ground and can vary greatly in form, size, and cultural significance. Tombs are one of the oldest forms of funerary monuments, serving both as a means of final disposition and as expressions of religious belief, commemoration, and social status.

Placing a body in a tomb can be called entombment, distinct from simpler burial practices. Tombs often involve architectural or artistic design and can become significant cultural or religious landmarks.
Mirza Bashir Ahmad
Mirza Bashir Ahmad (20 April 1893 – 2 September 1963) was a religious scholar and writer of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community. He was the son of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad who was the founder of the Ahmadiyya movement and who claimed to be the Messiah and Mahdi awaited by Muslims.

He was born in 1893 to Mirza Ghulam Ahmad and Nusrat Jahan Begum in Qadian, British India. In 1916, he obtained an M.A. in Arabic. Over the decades, he wrote many books and articles on Ahmadiyya and Islam with the most notable being Sirat Khatamun-Nabiyyin (The Life and Character of the Seal of the Prophets).

He died in 1963 in Lahore and was later buried in Bahishti Maqbara, Rabwah, Pakistan along with his older brother Mirza Basheer-ud-Din Mahmood Ahmad.

Qadian
Qadian (Punjabi pronunciation: [käːd̪ijä̃ː]; Hindustani pronunciation: [qɑːd̪ijɑ̃ːn]) is a town and a municipal council in Gurdaspur district, north-east of Amritsar, situated 18 kilometres (11 mi) north-east of Batala city in the state of Punjab, India. Qadian is the birthplace of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, the founder of the Ahmadiyya movement within Islam. It remained the headquarters of the movement until the Partition of India in 1947.
Joni Jenkins
Joni L. Jenkins (born December 6, 1958) is an American politician and a former Democratic member of the Kentucky House of Representatives, representing District 44 from 1995 until 2023. She also served as Minority Leader in the House from December 2019 until January 2023.

Kentucky House of Representatives
The Kentucky House of Representatives is the lower house of the Kentucky General Assembly. It is composed of 100 Representatives elected from single-member districts throughout the Commonwealth. Not more than two counties can be joined to form a House district, except when necessary to preserve the principle of equal representation. Representatives are elected to two-year terms with no term limits. The Kentucky House of Representatives convenes at the State Capitol in Frankfort.
Yrdyk
The Yrdyk (Kyrgyz: Ырдык, Russian: Ырдык) is a river in Jeti-Ögüz District of Issyk-Kul Region of Kyrgyzstan. It rises on north slopes of Teskey Ala-Too Range and flows into lake Issyk-Kul. The length of the river is 28 km (17 mi) and the basin area 300 square kilometres (120 sq mi).
It is fed by majorly snow and ice meltwater (85%) and rains (15%). Average annual discharge is 1.32 m3/s (47 cu ft/s). The maximum flow is 5.72 m3/s (202 cu ft/s) in June, and the minimum - 0.29 m3/s (10 cu ft/s) in February. The flood flows may reach 30 m3/s (1,100 cu ft/s). Several breakthrough-prone lakes including Akkel, Karakel and Jashylkel are located in the basin of Yrdyk posing a risk of floods and mudflows.  Yrdyk village is located near the river.

Square kilometre
The square kilometre (square kilometer in American spelling; symbol: km2) is a multiple of the square metre, the SI unit of area or surface area. In the SI unit of area (m2), 1 km2 is equal to 1M(m2).

1 km2 is equal to:

1,000,000 square metres (m2)

100 hectares (ha)

It is also approximately equal to:

0.3861 square miles

247.1 acres

Conversely:

1 m2 = 0.000001 (10−6) km2

1 hectare = 0.01 (10−2) km2

1 square mile = 2.5899 km2

1 acre = about 0.004047 km2

The symbol "km2" means (km)2, square kilometre and not k(m2), kilo–square metre. For example, 3 km2 is equal to 3×(1,000m)2 = 3,000,000 m2, not 3,000 m2.
Big Sandy Creek (Colorado)
Big Sandy Creek is a 211-mile-long (340 km) tributary of the Arkansas River noted for being the location of the Sand Creek Massacre in Kiowa County.  Long stretches are dry most of the time on the surface, although water still flows underground.  Big Sandy Creek starts near Peyton in El Paso County, Colorado and flows through Elbert, Lincoln, Cheyenne and Kiowa counties before it joins with the Arkansas River in Prowers county east of Lamar.

Peyton, Colorado
Peyton is an unincorporated town, a post office, and a census-designated place (CDP) located in and governed by El Paso County, Colorado, United States. The CDP is a part of the Colorado Springs, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area. The Peyton post office has the ZIP Code 80831. At the United States Census 2020, the population of the Peyton CDP was 214.

The nearby unincorporated area of Falcon also uses zip code 80831. Peyton and towns such as Falcon, Calhan, Ramah, Simla, and Matheson straddle U.S. Highway 24 between Colorado Springs and Limon, Colorado where US 24 intersects with Interstate 70.
Akiel Julien
Akiel Julien (born October 31, 1996) is a Grenadian-Canadian actor. He is known for his role as LaTroy in the teen drama series The Next Step, for which he was a Canadian Screen Award nominee for Best Performance in a Children's or Youth Program or Series at the 6th Canadian Screen Awards in 2018.

Canadian Screen Award for Best Performance in a Children's or Youth Program or Series
The Canadian Screen Award for Best Performance in a Children's or Youth Program or Series is a Canadian Screen Award that honours performances in English language children's television produced in Canada.

At the 12th Canadian Screen Awards in 2024, the award was split up for the first time into separate categories for lead and supporting performances.
Siege of Schenkenschans
The siege of Schenkenschans (30 July 1635 – 30 April 1636) was a major siege of the Eighty Years' War. In a successful campaign the Army of Flanders, commanded by Spanish general Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand of Austria, captured Schenkenschans along with a number of important towns, reversing recent Dutch gains and opening the Dutch Republic to a possible invasion. The Dutch Stadtholder, Fredrick Henry, pushed the republic's military efforts to their limit to recapture the fortress of Schenkenschans to counter the  threat to the exposed Dutch heartland. He succeeded in doing so after a costly nine-month siege.

Army of Flanders
The Army of Flanders (Spanish: Ejército de Flandes; Dutch: Leger van Vlaanderen) was a field army of the Spanish Army based in the Spanish Netherlands between the 16th and 18th centuries. It was one of the longest-serving field armies of the early modern era, being founded in 1567 and disbanded in 1706. Taking part in numerous battles of the Eighty Years' War and Thirty Years' War, it employed or pioneered many developing military concepts, including permanent units (tercios), barracks and military hospitals long before they were adopted in most of Europe. As a result, the Army of Flanders has been considered the world's de facto first modern professional standing army. Sustained at huge cost and at significant distances from Spain via the Spanish Road, the Army of Flanders also became infamous for successive mutinies and its ill-disciplined activity on and off the battlefield, including the sack of Antwerp in 1576.
Parabolic geometry (differential geometry)
In differential geometry and the study of Lie groups, a parabolic geometry is a homogeneous space G/P which is the quotient of a semisimple Lie group G by a parabolic subgroup P.  More generally, the curved analogs of a parabolic geometry in this sense is also called a parabolic geometry: any geometry that is modeled on such a space by means of a Cartan connection.

CR manifold
In mathematics, a CR manifold, or Cauchy–Riemann manifold, is a differentiable manifold together with a geometric structure modeled on that of a real hypersurface in a complex vector space, or more generally modeled on an edge of a wedge.

Formally, a CR manifold is a differentiable manifold M together with a preferred complex distribution L, or in other words a complex subbundle of the complexified tangent bundle  such that

(L is formally integrable)

.

The subbundle L is called a CR structure on the manifold M. It gives rise to a canonical differential operator mapping locally defined functions to local sections of the dual bundle . This is the -operator; it is defined by

.

The abbreviation CR stands for "Cauchy–Riemann" or "Complex-Real". A CR-function, which is a generalization of a holomorphic function, is a solution to the system of equations .
2007 Madrid municipal election
A municipal election was held in Madrid on Sunday, 27 May 2007, to elect the 8th City Council of the municipality. All 57 seats in the City Council were up for election. It was held concurrently with regional elections in thirteen autonomous communities and local elections all across Spain.

Alberto Ruiz-Gallardón's People's Party (PP) went on to win the largest victory achieved by a candidate in a municipal election in Madrid to date, with over 55% of the votes and nearly 60% of the seats. The Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) plummeted barely above 1995 levels, while United Left (IU) recovered from its negative result in 2003 and gained support for the first time since 1995.

2007 Spanish regional elections
Regional elections were held in Spain during 2007 to elect the regional parliaments of thirteen of the seventeen autonomous communities: Aragon, Asturias, the Balearic Islands, the Canary Islands, Cantabria, Castile and León, Castilla–La Mancha, Extremadura, La Rioja, Madrid, Murcia, Navarre and the Valencian Community; and the two autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla. 812 of 1,206 seats in the regional parliaments were up for election, as well as the 50 seats in the regional assemblies of the autonomous cities. The elections were held on 27 May (concurrently with local elections all across the country).

The results saw few changes overall, with most incumbent governments remaining in power. The only exception was the People's Party (PP) government in the Balearic Islands, which was replaced by a coalition led by the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE).
Braille pattern dots-125
The Braille pattern dots-125 ( ⠓ ) is a 6-dot braille cell with the top left and both middle dots raised, or an 8-dot braille cell with the top left and both upper-middle dots raised. It is represented by the Unicode code point U+2813, and in Braille ASCII with H.

Braille ASCII
Braille ASCII (or more formally The North American Braille ASCII Code, also known as SimBraille) is a subset of the ASCII character set which uses 64 of the printable ASCII characters to represent all possible dot combinations in six-dot braille.  It was developed around 1969 and, despite originally being known as North American Braille ASCII, it is now used internationally.
Valérie Six
Valérie Six (born 11 January 1963) is a French politician from the UDI who was the National Assembly deputy for Nord's 7th constituency from 2020 to 2022.

She lost her seat in the first round of the 2022 French legislative election.

Deputy (France)
Deputies (French: députés and députées, pronounced [depyte] ⓘ), also known in English as members of Parliament (MPs), are the legislators who sit in the National Assembly, the lower house of the French Parliament. The 17th and current legislature of the Fifth Republic has a total of 577 deputies, elected in 577 constituencies across metropolitan (539) and overseas France (27), as well as for French residents overseas (11).
Lütz
Lütz is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Cochem-Zell district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Cochem. Lütz is a state-recognized climatic spa (Luftkurort).

Cochem (Verbandsgemeinde)
Cochem (before 7 June 2009 Cochem-Land) is a Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") in the district Cochem-Zell, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is located around the town Cochem (also part of the Verbandsgemeinde since 7 June 2009), which is the seat of the Verbandsgemeinde. On 1 July 2014 it was expanded with 6 municipalities from the former Verbandsgemeinde Treis-Karden. Since the 1 March 2018 Wolfgang Lambertz is the mayor of the Verbandsgemeinde Cochem.

Cochem consists of the following Ortsgemeinden ("local municipalities"):

50°08′49″N 7°10′00″E﻿ / ﻿50.14694°N 7.16667°E﻿ / 50.14694; 7.16667