hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ringim Emirate
Ringim emirate is the emirate council in Jigawa State Nigeria, its headquarter is in the Ringim town. Ringim emirate was created in November 1991 as a result of the creation of Jigawa State on 27 August 1991. The Emir of Ringim is Sayyadi Abubakar Mahmoud Usman since the establishment of the emirate until now. The local governments under the emirate include Ringim, Taura, Garki and Babura.

Taura, Jigawa
Taura is a Local Government Area of Jigawa State, Nigeria. Its headquarters is in the town of Taura. Most people in Taura are Hausa people, Taura Local government borders Garki to the North, Gagarawa to the east, Jahun to the south, and Ringim to the west.

It has an area of 653 km2 (252 sq mi) and a population of 131,757 at the 2006 census.

The postal code of the area is 733.

Taura has a fertile land for both wet and dry seasons farming activities. The Local Government produces both subsistence and cash crops and also has great number fruits trees scattered along the bank of the river. In addition to the farming activities majority of the populace, engaged in marketing. These economic resources enable most of the parents to possess means of paying their children’s school fees. The town was famous for its rich in groundnuts, tobacco production and trade, this motivated the British to construct railway from Kano to Nguru via the Taura town.
Interventional oncology
Interventional oncology (abbreviated IO) is a subspecialty field of interventional radiology that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of cancer and cancer-related problems using targeted minimally invasive procedures performed under image guidance. Interventional oncology has developed to a separate pillar of modern oncology and it employs X-ray, ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to help guide miniaturized instruments (e.g. biopsy needles, ablation electrodes, intravascular catheters) to allow targeted and precise treatment of solid tumours (also known as neoplasms) located in various organs of the human body, including but not limited to the liver, kidneys, lungs, and bones. Interventional oncology treatments are routinely carried out by interventional radiologists in appropriate settings and facilities.

Human body
The human body is the entire structure of a human being. It is composed of many different types of cells that together create tissues and subsequently organs and then organ systems.

The external human body consists of a head, hair, neck, torso (which includes the thorax and abdomen), genitals, arms, hands, legs, and feet. The internal human body includes organs, teeth, bones, muscle, tendons, ligaments, blood vessels and blood, lymphatic vessels and lymph.

The study of the human body includes anatomy, physiology, histology and embryology. The body varies anatomically in known ways. Physiology focuses on the systems and organs of the human body and their functions. Many systems and mechanisms interact in order to maintain homeostasis, with safe levels of substances such as sugar, iron, and oxygen in the blood.

The body is studied by health professionals, physiologists, anatomists, and artists to assist them in their work.
Residue (chemistry)
In chemistry, residue is whatever remains or acts as a contaminant after a given class of events. Residue may be the material remaining after a process of preparation, separation, or purification, such as distillation, evaporation, or filtration. It may also denote the undesired by-products of a chemical reaction.

Residues as an undesired by-product are a concern in agricultural and food industries.

Contamination
Contamination is the presence of a constituent, impurity, or some other undesirable element that renders something unsuitable, unfit or harmful for the physical body, natural environment, workplace, etc.
Carrowmore
Carrowmore (Irish: An Cheathrú Mhór, 'the great quarter') is a large group of megalithic monuments on the Coolera Peninsula to the west of Sligo, Ireland. They were built in the 4th millennium BC, during the Neolithic (New Stone Age). There are 30 surviving tombs with another 25 which have been destroyed since 1800, making Carrowmore one of the largest clusters of megalithic tombs in Ireland, and one of the 'big four' along with Carrowkeel, Loughcrew and Brú na Bóinne. Carrowmore is the heart of an ancient ritual landscape which is dominated by the mountain of Knocknarea to the west. It is a protected National Monument.

4th millennium BC
The 4th millennium BC spanned the years 4000 BC to 3001 BC. Some of the major changes in human culture during this time included the beginning of the Bronze Age and the invention of writing, which played a major role in starting recorded history.

The city states of Sumer and the (Predynastic) Kingdom of Egypt were established and grew to prominence. Agriculture spread widely across Eurasia.

World population growth relaxed after the burst that came about from the Neolithic Revolution. World population was largely stable in this time at roughly 50 million, growing at an average of 0.027% per year.
Jean-Louis Philippe Robicheau
Jean-Louis Philippe Robicheau (June 30, 1874 – March 1, 1948) was a farmer, lumber merchant and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Digby County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1925 to 1928 as a Liberal-Conservative member. He sat for Digby-Clare division in the Senate of Canada from 1935 to 1948. His name also appears as Jean Louis Philip.

He was born in Meteghan, Digby County, Nova Scotia, the son of Philemon L. Robicheau and Francine Melanson. He was educated at St. Joseph's College and St. Anne's College. In 1907, he married Mary Frances Surette. Robicheau was an agent for the Canadian Pacific Railway from 1910 to 1920. From 1929 to 1932, he was a travelling auditor for the Dominion Atlantic Railway. He died in Maxwellton in Digby County at the age of 73.

Université Sainte-Anne
Université Sainte-Anne is a French-language university in Pointe-de-l'Église, Nova Scotia, Canada. It and the Université de Moncton in New Brunswick are the only French-language universities in the Maritime Provinces.
Rhythmic gymnastics at the 2009 World Games
The rhythmic gymnastics events at the 2009 World Games in Kaohsiung was played between 17 and 18 July. 23 rhythmic gymnastics competitors, from 17 nations, participated in the tournament. The rhythmic gymnastics competition took place at Kaohsiung Arena.

Kaohsiung Arena
The Kaohsiung Arena (Chinese: 高雄巨蛋; pinyin: Gāoxióng Jùdàn) is an indoor sporting arena located in Zuoying District, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. It is used to host indoor sporting events. It was used as a host to some of the indoor sporting events during the 2009 World Games.
Javier Arnau
Xavier ("Xavi") Arnau Creus (born 20 March 1973 in Terrassa, Catalonia) is a former field hockey player from Spain. He won the silver medal with the men's national team at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia. The striker also participated in the 1992 Summer Olympics and the 2000 Summer Olympics.

Spain men's national field hockey team
The Spain men's national field hockey team represents Spain in international men's field hockey competitions. It is controlled by the Royal Spanish Hockey Association, the governing body for field hockey in Spain.

Spain has competed in every European Championship or World Cup, and has qualified consistently since 1960 for the Olympic Games. They also have won medals in these three main international competitions: six at European Championships (two-time winners), three at World Cups (two-time finalists) and four at Olympic Games (three silvers and a bronze).
Quark (song)
"Quark" (meaning "rubbish", literally curd) is a punk song by Die Ärzte. It's the fourteenth track and the fourth single from their 1993 album Die Bestie in Menschengestalt. It's about a man, who can't handle the chattering of his consort. The single version criticises the gibberish of politicians. The single version is also on "Das Beste von kurz nach früher bis jetze".

Die Ärzte
Die Ärzte (German pronunciation: [diː ˈʔɛːɐ̯tstə]; lit. 'The Doctors') is a German rock band from Berlin. It consists of guitarist Farin Urlaub, drummer Bela B and bass player Rodrigo González. All three write and perform their songs. The band has released 14 studio albums.
Bashir Bhadarwahi
Bashir Bhadarwahi (born 24 January 1935; also spelled Bashir Bhaderwahi or Bhadravahi) is an Indian writer, educationist and poet, known for his literary criticisms such as Jamis Ta Kasheeri Manz Kashir Natia Abduk Tawareekh (History of naats in Jammu and Kashmir). The recipient of numerous awards, including Sahitya Akademi Award, he writes in Kashmiri language.

Sahitya Akademi Award
The Sahitya Akademi Award  is a literary  honour in India,  which the Sahitya Akademi, India's National Academy of Letters, annually confers on writers of the most outstanding books of literary merit published in any of the 24 languages of the 8th Schedule to the Indian constitution as well as in English and Rajasthani language.

Established in 1954, the award comprises a plaque and a cash prize of ₹ 100,000. The award's purpose is to recognise and promote excellence in Indian writing and acknowledge new trends. The annual process of selecting awardees runs for the preceding 12 months. The plaque awarded by the Sahitya Akademi was designed by the Indian filmmaker Satyajit Ray. Prior to this, the plaque occasionally was made of marble, but this practice was discontinued because of its excessive weight. During the Indo-Pakistan War of 1965, the plaque was substituted with national savings bonds.
Liverpool (European Parliament constituency)
Prior to its uniform adoption of proportional representation in 1999, the United Kingdom used first-past-the-post for the European elections in England, Scotland and Wales. The European Parliament constituencies used under that system were smaller than the later regional constituencies and only had one Member of the European Parliament each.

The constituency of Liverpool was one of them.

When it was created in England in 1979, it consisted of the Westminster Parliament constituencies of Bootle, Liverpool Edge Hill, Liverpool Garston, Liverpool Kirkdale, Liverpool Scotland Exchange, Liverpool Toxteth, Liverpool Walton, Liverpool Wavertree, Liverpool West Derby.

Liverpool Garston
Liverpool Garston is a borough constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election. Since its recreation for the 2024 general election, its MP is Maria Eagle of the Labour Party.

The seat was first established in 1950, but was abolished in 2010, before being re-established in 2024.
Jizhong discovery
The Jizhong discovery (Chinese: 汲冢发现) was the accidental rediscovery in 279 AD of a corpus of bamboo and wooden slips, as attested in the Book of Jin. The slips were found by a grave robber named Biao Zhun (不準) who had broken into the tomb of King Xiang of Wei (r. 318–296 BC). The rediscovered texts enabled philological study among scholars that had been impossible since the editorial work of Han-era scholars Liu Xiang and Liu Xin. The importance of the discovery has been compared to that of the Guodian Chu Slips for modern scholarship.

Liu Xiang (scholar)
Liu Xiang (77–6 BCE), born Liu Gengsheng, courtesy name Zizheng, was a Chinese astronomer, historian, librarian, poet, politician, and writer of the Western Han dynasty. Among his polymathic scholarly specialties were history, literary bibliography, and astronomy. He is particularly well known for his bibliographic work in cataloging and editing the extensive imperial library.
Malcolm H. Wiener
Malcolm H. Wiener (born July 3, 1935) is an American attorney, prehistorian and philanthropist. Most notably, Wiener has served as general counsel of the Archaeological Institute of America, as an advisor for the United States Department of State and as principal and chairman of The Millburn Ridgefield Corporation and ShareInVest, both asset management firms.

In 1988, Wiener endowed the Malcolm Wiener Center for Social Policy at the Harvard Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The center focuses on increasing social and economic wellbeing, equity and opportunity, and to advance the cause of social justice and effective social programs. He is also a trustee emeritus of the Metropolitan Museum of Art and a member of the Council on Foreign Relations. He holds honorary doctorates from multiple institutions, including the University of Cincinnati.

American School of Classical Studies at Athens
The American School of Classical Studies at Athens (ASCSA; Greek: Αμερικανική Σχολή Κλασικών Σπουδών στην Αθήνα) is one of 20 foreign archaeological institutes in Athens, Greece.
It is a member of the Council of American Overseas Research Centers (CAORC). CAORC is a private not-for-profit federation of independent overseas research centers that promote advanced research, particularly in the humanities and social sciences, with focus on the conservation and recording of cultural heritage and the understanding and interpretation of modern societies.
2024–25 Swiss Super League
The 2024–25 Swiss Super League (referred to as the Credit Suisse Super League for sponsoring reasons) was the 128th season of top-tier competitive football in Switzerland and the 22nd under its current name. It was the second season featuring a new format and increased number of participants, since the beginning of the Super League era in 2003. Young Boys were the defending champions, having successfully defended their title in the previous season.

2023–24 Swiss Challenge League
The 2023–24 Swiss Challenge League (referred to as the Dieci Challenge League for sponsoring reasons) is the 126th season of the second tier of competitive football in Switzerland and the 21st season under its current name.
Luca Bianchini and Anna Trombetta
Luca Bianchini (Sondrio, December 28, 1961) and his wife Anna Trombetta (Torino, September 11, 1964) are two Italian musicians, musicologists and music critics with degrees in musicology from the Cremona School of Palaeography and Musical Philology.
The duo is known for their extensive studies on Mozart's musical life and work. 
Their Mozartian investigations have revealed some surprising aspects about the authorship of the composer's works and have caused quite a stir in musical circles, finding either support or rejection from their musicologist colleagues.

Cremona
Cremona (/krɪˈmoʊnə/ krim-OH-nə, UK also /krɛˈ-/ krem-, Italian: [kreˈmoːna]; Cremunés: Cremùna; Emilian: Carmona) is a city and comune (municipality) in northern Italy, situated in Lombardy, on the left bank of the Po river in the middle of the Po Valley. It is the capital of the province of Cremona and the seat of the local city and province governments. The city of Cremona is especially noted for its musical history and traditions, including some of the earliest and most renowned luthiers, such as Giuseppe Guarneri, Antonio Stradivari, Francesco Rugeri, Vincenzo Rugeri, and several members of the Amati family.
Louis de Wecker
Louis de Wecker (29 September 1832 – 24 January 1906) was a French ophthalmologist born in Frankfurt am Main, Germany.

He studied medicine in Würzburg, Berlin, Vienna and Paris, earning doctorates from Würzburg (1855) and Paris (1861). From 1862 he maintained a popular ophthalmology clinic in Paris.

In 1867 he performed an enucleation of the eye of Léon Gambetta. His name is associated with "de Wecker scissors", which are small sharp-pointed scissors used for intraocular surgery of the iris and lens capsule.

Dr. José Rizal (1861-1896), martyr and national hero of the Philippines, completed his ophthalmological training under Professor Louis de Wecker in Paris in 1885.

Iris (anatomy)
The iris (pl.: irides or irises) is a thin, annular structure in the eye in most mammals and birds that is responsible for controlling the diameter and size of the pupil, and thus the amount of light reaching the retina. In optical terms, the pupil is the eye's aperture, while the iris is the diaphragm. Eye color is defined by the iris.
Wilbur, Oregon
Wilbur is an unincorporated community in Douglas County, Oregon, United States. Wilbur is located along Interstate 5 and Oregon Route 99 north of Winchester. It was originally named Bunton's Gap, but the town was renamed Wilbur after James H. Wilbur. Wilbur started a school on his own land in Bunton's Gap in 1854; in 1857, under the name Umpqua, the college was chartered by the Oregon Territorial Legislature and also affiliated with the Methodist Church. A new two-story school was built, and Wilbur deeded his land to the academy's trustees.

For many years, Umpqua Academy was the only higher education institution between Salem and Sacramento.

The academy closed in 1900. A group for former students and faculty, Umpqua Academy Association, existed from the 1870s until 1930. The Association's papers are held at the University of Oregon.

Wilbur today includes a church, a store, a post office within the store, and a graveyard.

Oregon Route 99
Oregon Route 99 is a state highway that runs between the southern border of Oregon, and the city of Junction City. Oregon Route 99 was formed from parts of the former U.S. Route 99; it shares much of its route with I-5, but much of it is also independent. Between Portland and Junction City, the highway is forked into two routes: Oregon Route 99E and Oregon Route 99W.
Khogyani (Pashtun tribe)
The Khugyani, Khogyani or Khogiani tribe is one of the Karlāṇī tribes of the Pashtun people. The tribe originated in the Khogyani district in Nangarhar province of Afghanistan. The Khogyani District is in eastern Nangarhar province of Afghanistan, near the city of Jalalabad and the Kōh-i-Safēd (White mountain range). Descendants of Khogianis in the Indian subcontinent are known as Khakwanis.

Safed Koh
The Spīn Ghar  (Pashto: سپین غر) or Safēd Kōh (Dari: سفیدکوه, less used in this area; both meaning "White Mountain"), or sometimes Selseleh-ye Safīd Kūh (from Pashto, meaning "White Mountain range"), is a mountain range to the south of the Hindu Kush. It ranges from eastern Afghanistan into Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, and forms a natural border between the two countries. Its highest peak is Mount Sikaram on the Afghanistan–Pakistan border, which towers above all surrounding hills to 4,755 m (15,600 ft) above mean sea level. The lower hills are mostly barren and treeless, but pine grows on the main mountains that form the East Afghan montane conifer forests.
Bromine pentafluoride
Bromine pentafluoride, BrF5, is an interhalogen compound and a fluoride of bromine. It is a strong fluorinating agent.

BrF5 finds use in oxygen isotope analysis. Laser ablation of solid silicates in the presence of BrF5 releases O2 for subsequent analysis. It has also been tested as an oxidizer in liquid rocket propellants and is used as a fluorinating agent in the processing of uranium.

Isotope analysis
Isotope analysis is the identification of isotopic signature, abundance of certain stable isotopes of chemical elements within organic and inorganic compounds. Isotopic analysis can be used to understand the flow of energy through a food web, to reconstruct past environmental and climatic conditions, to investigate human and animal diets, for food authentification, and a variety of other physical, geological, palaeontological and chemical processes. Stable isotope ratios are measured using mass spectrometry, which separates the different isotopes of an element on the basis of their mass-to-charge ratio.
Dzido
Dzido is a Polish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Jadwiga Dzido (1918–1985), Polish resistance worker and pharmacy student

Marta Dzido (born 1981), Polish writer and documentary filmmaker

Jadwiga Dzido
Jadwiga Dzido (26 January 1918 – 10 December 1985) was a Polish resistance worker and pharmacy student who was arrested by the Gestapo in 1941 and deported to the Ravensbrück concentration camp where she was subjected to forced operations. She was infected with bacteria, dirt and slivers of glass to test the effects of sulphonamide on healing infected wounds. She subsequently became a witness at the 1946 Nuremberg trials.
Lavinia Loughridge
Lavinia Winifred Loughridge (20 May 1930 – 22 March 2014) was a Northern Irish physician who specialised in nephrology. She was one of the pioneers of kidney transplantation, working with Sir Roy Yorke Calne on Britain's first transplantation programme to use cadaveric kidneys.

People of Northern Ireland
People from Northern Ireland are those born in Northern Ireland who, at the time of their birth, have at least one parent who is a British citizen, an Irish citizen, or otherwise entitled to reside in Northern Ireland indefinitely under the Belfast Agreement.

Most Northern Irish people either identify as British, Northern Irish, Irish, or a combination thereof. The 20th century conflict known as The Troubles, which ended in effect in 1999, was primarily caused by tensions between people who had these different identites, and their connections to religion (Anglican protestants and Catholics).
Natalia Hanikoğlu
Natalia Hanikoğlu (née Belyaeva, born 23 June 1975) is a Turkish-Russian volleyball player. She is 190 cm tall and plays as a middle blocker and outside hitter. She plays for Galatasaray Medical Park and wears the number 7 jersey. She played over 100 times for the Russia national team, and when she received Turkish citizenship after marrying Turkish former volleyball player Hakan Hanikoğlu, she played over 200 times for the Turkey national team, too. She has a daughter whose name is Ela (meaning: Hazel) born in Moscow.

She also played for CSKA Moscow, Zarechie Odintsovo in Russia, Ancona in Italy, Kocaelispor, Beşiktaş and Eczacıbaşı in Turkey.

Eczacıbaşı Volleyball
Eczacıbaşı Dynavit is the professional women's volleyball department of Eczacıbaşı S.K., a Turkish sports club based in Istanbul, Turkey. The team plays its home matches at the Eczacıbaşı Spor Salonu hall in Istanbul. Eczacıbaşı has won a record 16 Turkish League titles and a record nine Turkish Cups, amongst others. In the 2014–15 season they won the CEV Champions League and that gave them the ticket to capture the 2015 FIVB World Club Championship in Zürich, a year later the club became the first club in the world to win the FIVB World Club Championship back-to-back by defending their crown in the Philippines during the 2016 FIVB World Club Championship in Manila. Eczacıbaşı VitrA is the most successful Turkish volleyball club with 28 national championship titles overall since the introduction of a national league in 1956.
2018–19 Stony Brook Seawolves women's basketball team
The 2018–19 Stony Brook Seawolves women's basketball team represented Stony Brook University during the 2018–19 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Seawolves, led by fifth-year head coach Caroline McCombs, play their home games at the Island Federal Credit Union Arena and were members in the America East Conference. They finished the season 23–8, 11–5 in America East play to finish in third place. They defeated Vermont in the quarterfinals before losing to Hartford in the semifinals of the America East women's tournament.

2019 America East women's basketball tournament
The 2019 America East Conference women's basketball tournament began on March 6 and concluded with the championship game on March 15. Maine won the championship game over Hartford to earn the automatic bid to the NCAA Division I women's basketball tournament.