hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
River channel migration
River channel migration is the geomorphological process that involves the lateral migration of an alluvial river channel across its floodplain. This process is mainly driven by the combination of bank erosion of and point bar deposition over time. When referring to river channel migration, it is typically in reference to meandering streams. In braided streams, channel change is driven by sediment transport.

It has been proposed that lateral migration is a particularly dominant erosive process in savanna landscapes.

Channel (geography)
In physical geography and hydrology, a channel is a landform on which a relatively narrow body of water is situated, such as a river, river delta or strait. While channel typically refers to a natural formation, the cognate term canal denotes a similar artificial structure.

Channels are important for the functionality of ports and other bodies of water used for navigability for shipping. Naturally, channels will change their depth and capacity due to erosion and deposition processes. Humans maintain navigable channels by dredging and other engineering processes.

By extension, the term also applies to fluids other than water, e.g., lava channels.
The term is also traditionally used to describe the waterless surface features on Venus.
Combined Nomenclature
Council Regulation (EEC) No 2658/87 of 23 July 1987, creates the goods nomenclature called the Combined Nomenclature, or in abbreviated form 'CN', established to meet, at one and the same time, the requirements both of the Common Customs Tariff and of the external trade statistics of the European Union. It is closely related to the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States.

These categories are based on the international Harmonized System, the global system of nomenclature that is used to describe most world trade in goods, maintained by the World Customs Organization (WCO). Virtually all countries base their tariff schedules on the WCO's Harmonized System.

Regulation (European Union)
A regulation is a legal act of the European Union which becomes immediately enforceable as law in all member states simultaneously. Regulations can be distinguished from directives which, at least in principle, need to be transposed into national law. Regulations can be adopted by means of a variety of legislative procedures depending on their subject matter. Despite their name, Regulations are primary legislation rather than regulatory delegated legislation; as such, they are often described as "Acts" (e.g. the Digital Services Act).
Dham (film)
Dham (transl. Power) is a 2003 Indian Telugu-language action film produced by Mohana Radha and Kishore Babu under Radaan Mediaworks banner, presented by Radhika and directed by Raju Voopati. The film stars Jagapati Babu, Sonia Agarwal and Neha Mehta, with music composed by Ramana Gogula.

Jagapathi Babu
Veeramachaneni Jagapathi Chowdary (born 12 February 1962), professionally known as Jagapathi Babu (pronunciationⓘ), is an Indian actor known for his works in Telugu cinema. He has also appeared in Tamil, Kannada, Malayalam and Hindi films. Babu has appeared in 170 feature films, and has received four Filmfare Awards and seven state Nandi Awards.

He has worked with notable directors like Kodi Ramakrishna, S. V. Krishna Reddy, Ram Gopal Varma, Krishna Vamsi, E. V. V. Satyanarayana, Gunasekhar, Chandra Sekhar Yeleti, Siva, A. M. Rathnam, K. Raghavendra Rao, Radha Mohan, Mohan Raja, J. D. Chakravarthy, Boyapati Srinu, Trivikram Srinivas, Vysakh, K. S. Ravikumar, Sukumar, Koratala Siva and Prashanth Neel.
Franco Davín
Franco Davín (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈfɾaŋko ðaˈβin]; born January 11, 1970) is an Argentine tennis coach and former professional player.

Davín won three singles tournaments on the ATP Tour, and reached a career-high singles ranking of World No. 30 in October 1990. Davín won his first ATP-tour match at 15 years, 1 month against Hans Gildemeister in Buenos Aires. He holds the Open Era record for being the youngest player to win a tour level main draw match.

Hans Gildemeister
Hans Gildemeister Bohner (born Juan Pedro Gildemeister Bohner on 9 February 1956), is a Chilean former tennis player of German ancestry, who won four singles and 23 doubles titles during his professional career.  The right-hander reached his highest singles ATP ranking on 22 February 1980, when he became world No. 12.

He is a former captain of the Chilean Davis Cup team.
Bavenite
Bavenite is a calcium beryllium aluminosilicate, and it is a part of the Bavenite-Bohseite series. Its name originates from its type locality, which is Baveno, Italy. This mineral is approved by the IMA, and got grandfathered, meaning it is still believed to refer to a valid mineral species. It was discovered in 1901 in a pink granite mined in Lago Maggiore. When bavenite was discovered, it was considered as a member of the zeolite series. Later it was removed from the series as unlike zeolites, bavenite loses the water stored in its crystal lattice in a way higher temperature, between 210 and 320 °C. It is a cheap mineral considering its rarity.

Crystal habit
In mineralogy, crystal habit is the characteristic external shape of an individual crystal or aggregate of crystals. The habit of a crystal is dependent on its crystallographic form and growth conditions, which generally creates irregularities due to limited space in the crystallizing medium (commonly in rocks).
Şemdinli District
Şemdinli District is a district in the Hakkâri Province of Turkey. The district had a population of 44,742 in 2023, with the town of Şemdinli as its seat. Its area is 1,209 km2.

The district was established in 1936. Part of the district was separated to form Derecik District in 2018. The current district governor (kaymakam) is Batuhan Taşgın.

Kaymakam
Kaymakam, also known by many other romanizations, was a title used by various officials of the Ottoman Empire, including acting grand viziers, governors of provincial sanjaks, and administrators of district kazas. The title has been retained and is sometimes used without translation for provincial or subdistrict governors in various Ottoman successor states, including the Republic of Turkey, Kuwait, Iraq, and Lebanon.
Ed Lukowich
Edward R. "Ed" Lukowich (born March 1, 1946; nicknamed "Cool Hand Luke") is a former Canadian champion curler.  Lukowich is a two-time Brier champion, having won the Brier Tankard for Alberta as skip of both the 1978 and 1986 Canadian championship teams. His team won the 1986 World Curling Championship and placed third at 1988 Olympics when curling was a demonstration sport.

The Brier
The Brier (French: Le Brier), known since 2024 as the Montana's Brier for sponsorship reasons, is the annual Canadian men's curling championship, sanctioned by Curling Canada. The Brier has been held since 1927, traditionally during the month of March.

The winner of the Brier goes on to represent Canada at the World Curling Championships of the same year. The Brier is the best supported curling competition in terms of paid attendance, attracting crowds far larger than even those for World Championships held in Canada.

Its current main sponsor is Montana's, a Canadian restaurant chain. "Brier" originally referred to a brand of tobacco sold by the event's first sponsor, the Macdonald Tobacco Company.
Rapsommati
Rapsommati (Greek: Ραψομμάτη, also Ραψομμάτης - Rapsommatis) is a village within the municipality of Megalopoli in the western part of Arcadia, Greece.  It is situated on a hill, 1 km southeast of Mallota, 2 km southwest of Palaiochouni, 3 km northwest of Anemodouri and 5 km southeast of Megalopoli. The A7 motorway (Corinth–Tripoli–Kalamata) passes north of the village, through the Rapsommati Tunnel.

Kalamata
Kalamata (Greek: Καλαμάτα [kalaˈmata]) is the second most populous city of the Peloponnese peninsula in southern Greece after Patras, and the largest city of the homonymous administrative region. As the capital and chief port of the Messenia regional unit, it lies along the Nedon River at the head of the Messenian Gulf.

The 2021 census recorded 72,906 inhabitants for the wider Kalamata Municipality, of which 66,135 resided in the municipal unit of Kalamata, and 58,816 in the city proper. Kalamata is renowned as the land of the Kalamatianos dance, Kalamata olives and Kalamata olive oil.
Poan station
Poan station (Korean: 보안역) is a railway station in Poanso, Simp'o-ri, Unhŭng county, Ryanggang province, North Korea, on the Paektusan Ch'ŏngnyŏn Line of the Korean State Railway.

The station, along with the rest of the Pongduri–Hyesanjin section, was opened by the Government Railways of Chosen (朝鮮総督府鉄道) on 1 November 1937.

On 9 October 2006 an underground nuclear test was conducted at P'unggye-ri in Kilju County, causing the closure of the line for 3-4 months.

Punggye station
P'unggye station is a railway station in P'unggye-ri, Kilju county, North Hamgyŏng province, North Korea, on the Paektusan Ch'ŏngnyŏn Line of the Korean State Railway.

The station, along with the rest of the Kilju–Hapsu section, was opened by the Chosen Government Railway (朝鮮総督府鉄道) on 1 November 1933.

On 9 October 2006 an underground nuclear test was conducted at the Punggye-ri Nuclear Test Site, causing the closure of the line for 3–4 months.
Frederick Goldring
Frederick "Fred" Goldring (1897 – 1997) was an English amateur photographer, and a recorder of churches and historic buildings.

Goldring was born in 1897 in Lee, Kent and he lived in the Weald from the age of three. From 1926–59, he ran the Timberscombe Guest House near Midhurst, West Sussex. It was much frequented after World War II by people on field courses led by the geologist, geomorphologist and geographer Sidney Wooldridge, of King's College London. Goldring was a hobby photographer with his own darkroom, whose pictures were published in guide books and at photographic exhibitions.

In 1953, he co-authored with Wooldridge The Weald, a book in the New Naturalist series. As of January 2015, he remains the only photographer to have been named as an author in that series. "[T]he match of plates and text in this book is a good deal better than average, and the splendid pictures have a consistency of style from being the work of a single person."

Weald
The Weald (/ˈwiːld/) is an area of South East England between the parallel chalk escarpments of the North and the South Downs. It crosses the counties of Hampshire, Surrey, West Sussex, East Sussex, and Kent. It has three parts, the sandstone "High Weald" in the centre, the clay "Low Weald" periphery and the Greensand Ridge, which stretches around the north and west of the Weald and includes its highest points. The Weald once was covered with forest and its name, Old English in origin, signifies "woodland". The term is still used, as scattered farms and villages sometimes refer to the Weald in their names.
Joe Ossanna
Joseph Frank Ossanna, Jr. (December 10, 1928 – November 28, 1977) was an American electrical engineer and computer programmer who worked as a member of the technical staff at the Bell Telephone Laboratories in Murray Hill, New Jersey. He became actively engaged in the software design of Multics (Multiplexed Information and Computing Service), a general-purpose operating system used at Bell.

Murray Hill, New Jersey
Murray Hill is an unincorporated community located within portions of both Berkeley Heights and New Providence, located in Union County, in the northern portion of the U.S. state of New Jersey.

It is the longtime central location of Bell Labs, having moved there in 1941 from nearby New York City. The first working transistor was demonstrated in Bell Labs' Murray Hill facility in 1947.

The neighborhood shares its ZIP Code 07974 with the neighboring borough of New Providence.

Murray Hill was named and founded by Carl H. Schultz, founder of a mineral water business once located on First Avenue between 25th and 26th Streets in the Murray Hill district of Manhattan. Schultz purchased a large tract of land there during the 1880s where he built a residence for his family and donated land to be used for a train station with the condition that the area be known as "Murray Hill".
2014 Bahraini general election
General elections were held in Bahrain in November 2014 to elect the forty members of the Council of Representatives. The first round of voting took place on 22 November, with a second round on 29 November in the 34 constituencies in which no candidate received a majority.

The elections were boycotted by the Shiite Islamist opposition Al-Wefaq. Of the 266 candidates, 22 were women. According to election officials, 349,713 Bahrainis, including 175,998 men and 173,175 women, were listed to vote. Although the government announced the voter turnout as 52.6%, the opposition claimed it was only 30%.

Independents won 37 of the 40 seats with Sunni Islamists losing two of their five seats. The number of Shiite MPs fell to 14 as a result of the Al-Wefaq boycott. Female representation was reduced from four to three.

Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa
Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa  (Arabic: خليفة بن سلمان آل خليفة) (24 November 1935 – 11 November 2020) was a Bahraini royal and politician who served as the prime minister of Bahrain from 10 January 1970 until his death in 2020. He took office over a year before Bahrain's independence on 15 August 1971. At the time of his death, he was the longest-serving prime minister in the world. Under the 2002 Constitution he lost some of his powers, with the King now having the authority to appoint and (along with the Bahraini parliament) dismiss ministers.

Prince Khalifa was also the paternal uncle of the reigning King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa and grand-uncle of the Crown Prince Salman, since he was the younger brother of the previous Emir Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa.
Eijudō Hibino at Seventy-one (Toyokuni I)
Eijūdō Hibino at Seventy-one is an ukiyo-e woodblock print dating to around 1799 by Edo period artist Utagawa Toyokuni I. According to its inscription, the print was produced in commemoration of the featured subject, print publisher Nishimuraya Yohachi I's, seventy-first year. The print is part of the permanent collection of the Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Canada.

Utagawa Toyokuni
Utagawa Toyokuni (歌川 豊国; 1769 – 24 February 1825), also often referred to as Toyokuni I, to distinguish him from the members of his school who took over his gō (art-name) after he died, was a great master of ukiyo-e, known in particular for his kabuki actor prints. He was the second head of the renowned Utagawa school of Japanese woodblock artists, and was the artist who elevated it to the position of great fame and power it occupied for the rest of the nineteenth century.
Jean-Louis Jaley
Jean-Louis Nicolas Jaley (27 January 1802, Paris – 30 May 1866, Neuilly-sur-Seine)  was a French sculptor.

He was the pupil of his father Louis Jaley and Pierre Cartellier. In 1827, he won - together with François Lanno - the Prix de Rome for sculpture with a bas-relief Mucius Scævola devant Porsenna.

He was buried in the Père Lachaise Cemetery (49th division), near his father, who died in 1840.

Neuilly-sur-Seine
Neuilly-sur-Seine (French pronunciation: [nøji syʁ sɛn] ⓘ; lit. 'Neuilly-on-Seine'), also known simply as Neuilly, is an urban commune in Hauts-de-Seine, Île-de-France, France. An immediate western suburb of Paris, it is physically separated from the capital centre only by the Périphérique to its east and the Bois de Boulogne to its south.

Neuilly is mainly made up of residential neighborhoods and hosts several corporate headquarters and foreign embassies. One of the most affluent areas of France, it is the wealthiest and most expensive suburb of Paris. Although, as of 2020, it is the commune with only the fourth highest median per capita income (€52,570 per year) in France, if Neuilly is grouped together with the city's adjacent 16th and 17th arrondissements, they form the most affluent residential area in the country.
Baddie Lebanon
Henry "Baddie" Lebanon (10 October 1910 – c. 1986) was a South African boxer who competed in the 1928 Summer Olympics. He was born in Johannesburg. His nickname is also spelled as "Buddy". In 1928, he finished fourth in the flyweight class after losing the bronze medal bout to Carlo Cavagnoli.

Boxing at the 1928 Summer Olympics – Flyweight
The men's flyweight event was part of the boxing programme at the 1928 Summer Olympics. The weight class was the lightest contested, and allowed boxers of up to 112 pounds (50.8 kilograms). The competition was held from Tuesday, August 7, 1928, to Saturday, August 11, 1928.
Judith (Palma Vecchio)
Judith is an oil on panel painting, attributed to Palma Vecchio, and created in 1525-1528. It is held in the Uffizi, in Florence. The attribution to Palma Vecchio was questioned in the past but is now usually accepted. Art historians Giovanni Battista Cavalcaselle and Joseph Archer Crowe have attributed it to Palma Vecchio, also identifying damage from heavy-handed cleaning, especially on the head of Holofernes. This attribution has been confirmed by György Gombosi and Giovanni Mariacher, who identified it as a mature work of that artist.

Holofernes
Holofernes (Ancient Greek: Ὀλοφέρνης; Hebrew: הולופרנס) was an invading Assyrian general in the Book of Judith, who was beheaded by Judith, who entered his camp and decapitated him while he was intoxicated.
Francis Grove
Francis Groves (1623–1661)  was a seventeenth century publisher based at Snow Hill, London.

He is recorded by Plomer as:

GROVE (FRANCIS), bookseller in London, (1) On Snow Hill, at the sign of the Windmill, neere vnto St. Sepulchre's Church, 1629; (2) Upper end of Snow Hill neere the Sarazen's Head, without Newgate, 1640. 1623–61. Took up his freedom June 30th, 1623. [Arber, iii. 685.] Dealt chiefly in ballads and the lighter literature of the period. The above addresses are taken from (1) R. Tarlton's Newes out of Purgatory, 1630, (2) Pleasant history of Cawood the Rook, 1640.— Plomer's Dictionary of the booksellers and printers who were at work in England, Scotland and Ireland from 1641 to 1667 p.87

Snow Hill, London
Snow Hill is a location in the City of London. Historically it was the site of one of the City of London water conduits, which on days of great celebration was made to run with red and white wine, the last occasion being the anniversary of the coronation of George II in 1727.

Holborn Viaduct railway station was at one time known as Snow Hill. Snow Hill Tunnel runs from here under Smithfield Market.

The Saracen's Head was a popular inn on Snow Hill from the Middle Ages to the 19th century. It was demolished in 1868.

Snow Hill Police Station was designed by Sydney Perks in 1926 and has been a Grade II listed building since 1998. It includes a plaque marking the former site of the Saracen's Head inn. In January 2020 the police station was sold to Whitbread on a 151 year lease to be converted into a hotel.
Steve Patrick
Stephen Gary Patrick (born February 4, 1961) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player. He was drafted in the first round, 20th overall, by the Buffalo Sabres in the 1980 NHL Entry Draft. Patrick played 250 games in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the Sabres, New York Rangers, and Quebec Nordiques between 1980 and 1986.

On December 6, 1984, the Sabres traded Patrick and Jim Wiemer to the New York Rangers in exchange for Chris Renaud and Dave Maloney.

His brother, James Patrick, also played hockey and later coached at the junior level. Patrick's father Stephen Patrick played football for the Winnipeg Blue Bombers, and served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba. Patrick's son Nolan was drafted second overall in the 2017 NHL Entry Draft by the Philadelphia Flyers, last played for the Vegas Golden Knights during the 2021-22 NHL season.

1980 NHL entry draft
The 1980 NHL entry draft was the 18th NHL entry draft. It was held at the Montreal Forum. This was the first time that an NHL arena hosted the draft. The National Hockey League (NHL) teams selected 210 players eligible for entry into professional ranks, in the reverse order of the 1979–80 NHL season and playoff standings. This is the list of those players selected.  The minimum draft age was lowered from 19 to 18, but prospective draftees had to be of age by September 15 rather than any date in the relevant birth year.

It was the first time the Forum hosted the draft. The hometown Montreal Canadiens used the first selection on Doug Wickenheiser.

The last active players in the NHL from this draft class were Paul Coffey and Larry Murphy, who both retired after the 2000–01 season.
Order polynomial
The order polynomial is a polynomial studied in mathematics, in particular in algebraic graph theory and algebraic combinatorics. The order polynomial counts the number of order-preserving maps from a poset to a chain of length . These order-preserving maps were first introduced by Richard P. Stanley while studying ordered structures and partitions as a Ph.D. student at Harvard University in 1971 under the guidance of Gian-Carlo Rota.

Algebraic combinatorics
Algebraic combinatorics is an area of mathematics that employs methods of abstract algebra, notably group theory and representation theory, in various combinatorial contexts and, conversely, applies combinatorial techniques to problems in algebra.
Poncelet Prize
The Poncelet Prize (French: Prix Poncelet) is awarded by the French Academy of Sciences. The prize was established in 1868 by the widow of General Jean-Victor Poncelet for the advancement of the sciences. It was in the amount of 2,000 francs (as of 1868), mostly for the work in applied mathematics. The precise wording of the announcement by the academy varied from year to year and required the work be "in mechanics", or "for work contributing to the progress of pure or applied mathematics", or simply "in applied mathematics", and sometimes included condition that the work must be "done during the ten years preceding the award."

Applied mathematics
Applied mathematics is the application of mathematical methods by different fields such as physics, engineering, medicine, biology, finance, business, computer science, social science, and industry. Thus, applied mathematics is a combination of mathematical science and specialized knowledge. The term "applied mathematics" also describes the professional specialty in which mathematicians work on practical problems by formulating and studying mathematical models.

In the past, practical applications have motivated the development of mathematical theories, which then became the subject of study in pure mathematics where abstract concepts are studied for their own sake. The activity of applied mathematics is thus intimately connected with research in pure mathematics.