hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of Naxos
At the Battle of Naxos (376 BC) the new Athenian fleet of Chabrias decisively defeated the Spartans. This was the beginning of Athens's recovery of its Aegean hegemony following its loss in the Peloponnesian War. The victory was decided by Phocion's courageous and skillful action on the left wing. In western waters another great Athenian commander, Timotheus, won the battle of Alyzia against Sparta in 374 BC.

Alyzia
Alyzia (Greek: Αλυζία) is a former municipality in Aetolia-Acarnania, West Greece, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Xiromero, of which it is a municipal unit. It is located on the central west coast of Aetolia-Acarnania, near the Greek island of Kalamos. It has a land area of 148.719 km² and a population of 2,675 inhabitants at the 2021 census. Its municipal seat was the town of Kandila.
Donald Piper (murderer)
Donald Arthur Piper (born May 11, 1961) is an American murderer and suspected serial killer convicted of killing two women in hotels around West Des Moines and Clive, Iowa in 1993 and 1997, but is considered a suspect in four other killings. For his confirmed crimes, Piper was convicted and sentenced to two life terms.

Clive, Iowa
Clive is a city in Dallas and Polk counties in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 18,601. It is part of the Des Moines metropolitan area. Clive is known for its Greenbelt Park and trail system running through the community. Clive serves as the axis of the western Des Moines suburbs, between Urbandale, Waukee and West Des Moines along the major transportation corridors of I-35, I-80 and I-235. The City of Urbandale is to the north to northwest, the City of West Des Moines is to the southeast to southwest, the City of Waukee in Dallas County is to the west.
Ceylonese rixdollar
The rixdollar was the currency of British Ceylon until 1828. It was subdivided into 48 stivers, each of 4 duit. Units called the fanam and larin were also used, worth 4 and 9½ stiver, respectively. The currency derived from the Dutch rijksdaalder and stuiver, although the rijksdaalder was worth 50 stuiver.

Initially containing over 25 grams fine silver worth 4 shillings and sixpence in the 17th century, the rixdollar was debased several times so that it was worth just one-third this amount by the 19th century. In 1825 it was replaced by sterling coin at a rate of 1 rixdollar = 11⁄2 shillings, less than the Indian rupee which was worth about 111⁄12 shillings.

Debasement
A debasement of coinage is the practice of lowering the intrinsic value of coins, especially when used in connection with commodity money, such as gold or silver coins, while continuing to circulate it at face value. A coin is said to be debased if the quantity of gold, silver, copper or nickel in the coin is reduced.
Photon counting
Photon counting is a technique in which individual photons are counted using a single-photon detector (SPD). A single-photon detector emits a pulse of signal for each detected photon. The counting efficiency is determined by the quantum efficiency and the system's electronic losses.

Many photodetectors can be configured to detect individual photons, each with relative advantages and disadvantages. Common types include photomultipliers, geiger counters, single-photon avalanche diodes, superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors, transition edge sensors, and scintillation counters. Charge-coupled devices can be used.

Photodetector
Photodetectors, also called photosensors, are devices that detect light or other forms of electromagnetic radiation and convert it into an electrical signal. They are essential in a wide range of applications, from digital imaging and optical communication to scientific research and industrial automation. Photodetectors can be classified by their mechanism of detection, such as the photoelectric effect, photochemical reactions, or thermal effects, or by performance metrics like spectral response. Common types include photodiodes, phototransistors, and photomultiplier tubes, each suited to specific uses. Solar cells, which convert light into electricity, are also a type of photodetector. This article explores the principles behind photodetectors, their various types, applications, and recent advancements in the field.
Hepatitis C virus
The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a small (55–65 nm in size), enveloped, positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus of the family Flaviviridae. The hepatitis C virus is the cause of hepatitis C and some cancers such as liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma, abbreviated HCC) and lymphomas in humans.

CD81
CD81 molecule, also known as CD81 (Cluster of Differentiation 81), is a protein which in humans is encoded by the CD81 gene. It is also known as 26 kDa cell surface protein, TAPA-1 (Target of the Antiproliferative Antibody 1), and Tetraspanin-28 (Tspan-28).
Lavras Sustainable Development Reserve
The Lavras Sustainable Development Reserve (Portuguese: Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Lavras) is a sustainable development reserve in the Atlantic Forest biome and the state of São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil.

Southeast Region, Brazil
The Southeast Region of Brazil (Portuguese: Região Sudeste do Brasil, pronounced [ʁeʒiˈɐ̃w suˈdɛstʃi du bɾaˈziw]) is composed of the states of Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, and São Paulo. It is the richest region of the country, responsible for approximately 53% of the Brazilian GDP (2022), as São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, and Minas Gerais are the three richest states of Brazil, the top three Brazilian states in terms of GDP. The Southeast of Brazil also has the highest GDP per capita among all Brazilian regions.

The Southeast region accounts for about 44% of Brazil's total population, leading the country in population, urban population, population density, vehicles, industries, universities, airports, ports, highways, hospitals, schools, houses and many other areas.
Newport station (Arkansas)
The Newport station, also known as Missouri-Pacific Depot-Newport, is a historic railroad station at Walnut and Front Streets in Newport, Arkansas.  It is a long rectangular single-story brick and stucco topped by a hip roof, whose wide eaves are supported by large Italianate knee brackets.  Its roof, originally slate, is now shingled, detracting from its original Mediterranean styling.  A telegrapher's bay extends above the roof line on the track side of the building.  The building was built in 1904 by the Missouri-Pacific Railroad to handle passenger and freight traffic.

Missouri Pacific Railroad
The Missouri Pacific Railroad (reporting mark MP), commonly abbreviated as MoPac, was one of the first railroads in the United States west of the Mississippi River. MoPac was a Class I railroad growing from dozens of predecessors and mergers. In 1967, the railroad operated 9,041 miles of road and 13,318 miles of track, not including DK&S, NO&LC, T&P, and its subsidiaries C&EI and Missouri-Illinois.

Union Pacific Corporation, the parent company of the Union Pacific Railroad, agreed to buy the Missouri Pacific Railroad on January 8, 1980. Lawsuits filed by competing railroads delayed approval of the merger until September 13, 1982. After the Supreme Court denied a trial to the Southern Pacific, the merger took effect on December 22, 1982. However, due to outstanding bonds of the Missouri Pacific, its full merger into the Union Pacific Railroad did not become official until January 1, 1997.
Stop Snitching (song)
"Stop Snitching" is a song by American rapper ASAP Rocky from his fourth studio album Don't Be Dumb (2026). It features American rappers BossMan Dlow and Sauce Walka. The song was produced by Rocky, Dlow, Rex Kudo and HitKidd. In the song, Rocky references his highly publicized trial and acquittal for allegedly shooting his friend A$AP Relli.

BossMan Dlow
Devante Milan McCreary (born August 31, 1998), known professionally as BossMan Dlow, is an American rapper. He started rapping while serving time in county jail in 2019 and soon became popular in the Florida rap scene. After releasing the mixtape Too Slippery and its Alamo Records re-release 2 Slippery in 2023, his 2024 breakout single "Get in with Me" became popular on TikTok and Instagram and marked his debut on the Billboard Hot 100. He also released his debut studio album, Dlow Curry, in 2024.
Gaymont
Gaymont is a historic home located near Aurora, Preston County, West Virginia. It was built about 1896 as a summer resort cottage.  It is a two-story, T-shaped dwelling constructed of wood, wood shingles, wood half-timbers, and cut stone.  It displays eclectic overtones of American Craftsman, Rustic, and Queen Anne architectural styles.  It features a low-pitched, cross-gabled, and hipped roof and wraparound, Queen Anne style verandah.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.  It is located in the Brookside Historic District.

Preston County, West Virginia
Preston County is a county located in the U.S. state of West Virginia. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 34,216. Its county seat is Kingwood. The county was formed from Monongalia County in 1818 and named for Virginia Governor James Patton Preston.

Preston County is part of the Morgantown, WV Metropolitan Statistical Area, and is the southernmost county of the Pittsburgh media market. It is the home of The Buckwheat Festival, a county fair known for making buckwheat pancakes.
Andreas Hofer
Andreas Hofer (22 November 1767 – 20 February 1810) was a Tyrolean innkeeper and drover who became the leader of the 1809 Tyrolean Rebellion during the War of the Fifth Coalition. Hofer, besides that, led troops in the battles of Bergisel during the rebellion. He was subsequently captured and executed.

Hofer is still today venerated as a folk hero, freedom fighter and Austrian patriot. His great-grandson, Andreas Hofer, was a member of the anti-Nazi resistance group centered around Heinrich Maier.

Droving
Droving is the practice of walking livestock over long distances. It is a type of herding, often associated with cattle, in which case it is a cattle drive (particularly in the US). Droving stock to market—usually on foot and often with the aid of dogs—has a very long history. An owner might entrust an agent to deliver stock to market and bring back the proceeds. There has been droving since people in cities found it necessary to source food from distant supplies.
Peirce Still House
The Peirce Still House is an historic building located next to Rock Creek Park, at 2400 Tilden Street, Northwest, Washington, D.C.

The stone house was a distillery, built for Isaac Peirce. In 1924, it was converted to a home.

Northwest (Washington, D.C.)
Northwest (NW or N.W.) is the northwestern quadrant of Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States, and is located north of the National Mall and west of North Capitol Street. It is the largest of the four quadrants of the city (NW, NE, SW and SE), and it includes the central business district, the Federal Triangle, and the museums along the northern side of the National Mall, as well as many of the District's historic neighborhoods.

Politically, Northwest is made up of parts of Wards 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, with Wards 1 and 3 being the only wards located entirely within the quadrant. The Northwest is the wealthiest quadrant of the city, particularly west of 16th Street.
Escurial de la Sierra
Escurial de la Sierra is a village and municipality in the province of Salamanca,  western Spain, part of the autonomous community of Castile-Leon. It is located 58 kilometres (36 mi) from the provincial capital city of Salamanca and has a population of 246 people.

Province of Salamanca
Salamanca (Spanish pronunciation: [salaˈmaŋka]) is a province of western Spain, in the western part of the autonomous community of Castile and León (Castilla y León). It is bordered by the provinces of Ávila, Cáceres, Valladolid, and Zamora, and on the west by Portugal. It has an area of 12,349 km2 and in 2018 had a population of 331,473 people. It is divided into 362 municipalities, 11 comarcas, 32 mancomunidades, and five judicial districts. Of the 362 municipalities, more than half are villages with fewer than 300 people.
Mick Haughney
Mick Haughney was a Gaelic footballer from County Laois.

Nicknamed "Cutchie", Haughney was a native of the Carlow border town of Graiguecullen.

He played at corner forward when Laois won Leinster titles in 1936, 1937 and 1938, but captained the O’Moore County side from midfield to Leinster Senior Football Championship glory against Kildare in 1946.

Laois did not win the Leinster Senior Football Championship again until 2003 when Mick O'Dwyer led them to victory.

Haughney also won 10 Laois Senior Football Championship medals with Graiguecullen. He emigrated to the US in 1949 and returned to live in Ireland during the mid-1990s.

Haughney died in September 2006, aged 91.

County Laois
County Laois (/liːʃ/ LEESH; Irish: Contae Laoise) is a county in Ireland. It is part of the Eastern and Midland Region and in the province of Leinster. It was known as Queen's County from 1556 to 1922. The modern county takes its name from Loígis, a medieval kingdom. Historically, it has also been known as County Leix.

Laois County Council is the local authority for the county, and is based in Portlaoise.

At the 2022 census, the population of the county was 91,657, an increase of 56% since the 2002 census.
1999 Metro Manila Film Festival
The 25th Metro Manila Film Festival was held in Manila, Philippines starting December 25.

Once again, GMA Films received most of the awards for the film Muro-Ami, which won thirteen awards in the 1999 Metro Manila Film Festival including the Best Picture, Gatpuno Antonio J. Villegas Cultural Awards and Best Director for second consecutive time winner Marilou Diaz-Abaya among others. Meanwhile, Viva Films' Bulaklak ng Maynila received five awards including the Best Actor for fifth-time winner Christopher de Leon, Best Actress for Elizabeth Oropesa and the Second Best Picture Award. The Third Best Picture Award goes to Regal Films' Sa Piling ng mga Aswang while the Best Float during the festival's parade goes to Millennium Films' Pepeng Agimat.

Metro Manila Film Festival Award for Best Actress
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The Metro Manila Film Festival Award for Best Actress is an award presented annually by the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA). It was first awarded at the 1st Metro Manila Film Festival ceremony, held in 1975; Charito Solis received the award for her role in Araw-Araw, Gabi-Gabi and it is given in honor of an actress who has delivered an outstanding performance in a leading role while working within the film industry. Currently, nominees and winners are determined by Executive Committees, headed by the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority Chairman and key members of the film industry.
Coleophora mosasaurus
Coleophora mosasaurus is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. It is found in the Chinese provinces of Shaanxi and Qinghai and in Turkmenistan.

The wingspan is 14–15 mm (0.55–0.59 in).

The larvae feed on Lycium species, including Lycium kopetdaghi and Lycium barbarum. They feed on the leaves of their host plant.

Coleophoridae
The Coleophoridae are a family of small moths, belonging to the huge superfamily Gelechioidea. Collectively known as case-bearers, casebearing moths or case moths, this family is represented on all continents, but the majority are found in temperate areas of the Northern Hemisphere. They are most common in the Palearctic, and rare in sub-Saharan Africa, South America, and Australia; consequently, they probably originated (like most or all other Gelechioidea families) in northern Eurasia. They are relatively common in houses, they seek out moist areas to rest and procreate.
Westin Peachtree Plaza Hotel
The Westin Peachtree Plaza, Atlanta, is a skyscraper hotel on Peachtree Street in downtown Atlanta, Georgia, adjacent to the Peachtree Center complex and the former Davison's/Macy's flagship store with 1,073 rooms. At 723.0 ft (220.37 m) and 73 stories, a total building area of 1,196,240 sq ft (111,134 m2) and a 187 ft (57 m) diameter, the tower was the tallest hotel in the world upon completion in 1976. Today, it is the fourth-tallest hotel in the Western Hemisphere, and the 28th tallest all-hotel building in the world.

Western Hemisphere
The Western Hemisphere is the half of the planet Earth that lies west of the Prime Meridian and east of the 180th meridian. The other half is called the Eastern Hemisphere. In the United States, the term "Western Hemisphere" is often used as a metonym for the Americas, even though geographically, the hemisphere also includes parts of other continents.
Nsolo
Nsolo also called Chisolo is the Zambian version of mancala. Nsolo game is usually played by scooping holes in the ground and using small stones or Mongongo nuts for playing pieces. Two players scoop four rows of holes in the ground and begin to play, usually with the help of a number of bystanders. However, carved wooden game boards exist from earlier years and can also still be bought at tourist markets in Livingstone and Lusaka. Several variations of the game exist.

Mancala
Mancala (Arabic: منقلة manqalah) is a family of two-player turn-based strategy board games played with small stones, beans, marbles or seeds and rows of holes or pits in the earth, a board or other playing surface.  The objective is usually to capture all or some set of the opponent's pieces.

Versions of the game date back past the 3rd century and evidence suggests such games existed in Ancient Egypt. It is among the oldest known family of games still widely played today.
TDS-01
The Technology Demonstration Satellite-01 or TDS-01 is a planned Indian geostationary orbit technology demonstration satellite carrying payloads for ISRO’s Institute of Plasma Research, Gandhinagar and the CSIR-CEERI, Pilani. Payloads to be tested included an internally developed 300 mN electric powered thrusters, atomic clocks, travelling wave tube amplifiers (TWTA) & a quantum communication suite (QuTDS).

Institute for Plasma Research
The Institute for Plasma Research (IPR) is a public research institute in India. The institute conducts research in plasma science, including basic plasma physics, magnetically confined hot plasmas, and plasma technologies for industrial applications. It is the leading plasma physics organization of India and houses the largest tokamak of India - SST1. IPR plays a major scientific and technical role in Indian partnership in the international fusion energy initiative ITER. It is part of the IndiGO consortium for research on gravitational waves. It is an autonomous body funded by the Department of Atomic Energy.
Pembroke Land District
Pembroke Land District is one of the twenty land districts of Tasmania which are part of the cadastral divisions of Tasmania. It was formerly one of the 18 counties of Tasmania. It includes Tasman Peninsula and Port Arthur, as well as Forestier Peninsula, Dodges Ferry and Maria Island. The Electoral division of Pembroke is not actually within the land district, but is close by in Monmouth.

Tasman Peninsula
The Tasman Peninsula, officially Turrakana / Tasman Peninsula, is a peninsula located in south-east Tasmania, Australia, approximately 75 km (47 mi) by the Arthur Highway, south-east of Hobart.

The Tasman Peninsula lies south and west of Forestier Peninsula, to which it connects via a narrow (less than 30 metres (98 ft) wide at its narrowest point) isthmus called Eaglehawk Neck. This in turn is joined to the rest of Tasmania by an isthmus called East Bay Neck, near the town of Dunalley, approximately 60 kilometres (37 mi) by road from Hobart. The peninsula is surrounded by water; to the north by Norfolk Bay, to the northwest by Frederick Henry Bay, to the west and south by Storm Bay, and to the east by the Tasman Sea.
So Many Nights (song)
"So Many Nights" is the title track from The Cat Empire's 2007 album of the same name. It was the second single released from the album and was released as an EP on the iTunes Store. The second track from the EP is a cover, taken from the Paul Kelly album, Under the Sun.

"So Many Nights" was ranked number 50 in the Triple J Hottest 100 of 2007.

Under the Sun (Paul Kelly album)
Under the Sun is the second album by Australian rock group Paul Kelly & The Coloured Girls and was originally released in December 1987 by Mushroom Records. In the North American and European markets, it was released by A&M Records in 1988 with the band credited as Paul Kelly & The Messengers, with a different track order and listing.

On the Australian albums charts, it peaked at #19, with the single "To Her Door" peaking at #14. Another single, "Dumb Things," peaked at #36 in early 1989 on the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) singles charts; it reached #16 on the Billboard Modern Rock chart. The song was included in the soundtrack for the 1988  Yahoo Serious film Young Einstein.

"To Her Door" won an ARIA Award in 1988 for 'Best Video' directed by Claudia Castle. In 2001, the Australasian Performing Right Association (APRA) listed the Top 30 Australian songs of all time, including "To Her Door," written by Kelly.
The Summer Is Gone
The Summer is Gone is a 2016 Chinese drama film written and directed by Zhang Dalei. At the 2016 Golden Horse Awards the film won 3 awards for Best Feature Film, Best New Performer and the FIPRESCI Prize. It is scheduled for release in China on 24 March 2017. The film won the Grand Prix award at the 24th Beijing College Student Film Festival.

International Federation of Film Critics
The International Federation of Film Critics (FIPRESCI, short for Fédération Internationale de la Presse Cinématographique) is an association of national organizations of professional film critics and film journalists from around the world for "the promotion and development of film culture and for the safeguarding of professional interests." It was founded in June 1930 in Brussels, Belgium. It has members in more than 50 countries worldwide.
Martha Tracy Owler
Martha Tracy Owler (1852 – October 3, 1916) was an American journalist and writer. During 1891–95, she was foreign correspondent for the Boston Herald. Her letters to the Herald from Europe were in great demand, as were her art sketches for another Boston publication, written over a pen name. She had an intense love of beautiful art, and although she never posed as an art critic, her articles were quoted from and copied in New York and other papers as art criticisms. Scholars said that her language was like that of Washington Irving.

Boston Herald
The Boston Herald is an American conservative daily newspaper whose primary market is Boston, Massachusetts, and its surrounding area. It was founded in 1846 and is one of the oldest daily newspapers in the United States. It has been awarded eight Pulitzer Prizes in its history, including four for editorial writing and three for photography before it was converted to tabloid format in 1981.

In December 2017, the Herald filed for bankruptcy. On February 14, 2018, Digital First Media successfully bid $11.9 million to purchase the company in a bankruptcy auction; the acquisition was completed on March 19, 2018. As of August 2018, the paper had approximately 110 total employees, compared to about 225 before the sale.