hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Orthostates
In the context of classical Greek architecture, orthostates are squared stone blocks much greater in height than depth that are usually built into the lower portion of a wall. They are so called because they seem to "stand upright" rather than to lie on their sides. In other contexts the English term is usually orthostat. It is typical in Greek architecture for pairs of orthostates to form the thickness of a wall, one serving as the inner and the other serving as the outer face of the wall. Above a course of orthostates, it is common to lay a course of stones spanning the width of the wall and joining its two faces (a binder course).

The term has been generalized for use in the description of the architecture of many cultures. In Hittite and Assyrian sculpture, orthostats are often intricately carved. The term may be used more generally of other upright-standing stones, including megalithic menhirs.

Course (architecture)
A course is a layer of the same unit running horizontally in a wall. It can also be defined as a continuous row of any masonry unit such as bricks, concrete masonry units (CMU), stone, shingles, tiles, etc.

Coursed masonry construction arranges units in regular courses. In contrast, coursed rubble masonry construction uses random uncut units, infilled with mortar or smaller stones.

If a course is the horizontal arrangement, then a wythe is a continuous vertical section of masonry one unit in thickness. A wythe may be independent of, or interlocked with, the adjoining wythe(s). A single wythe of brick that is not structural in nature is referred to as a masonry veneer.

A standard 8-inch CMU block is exactly equal to three courses of brick. A bond  (or bonding) pattern) is the arrangement of several courses of  brickwork.

The corners of a masonry wall are built first, then the spaces between them are filled by the remaining courses.
West Nodaway River
West Nodaway River is a stream in southwestern Iowa, in the United States. It is a tributary to the Nodaway River and is 73.5 miles long. It is considered the main tributary of the Nodaway River, and has historically and, to some degree presently, been known as the Nodaway River

The stream is monitored at two places, just east of  Clarinda and just southeast of  Massena and is considered a major water source by the Iowa  DNR.

Iowa Department of Natural Resources
The Iowa Department of Natural Resources (Iowa DNR or IA DNR) is a department/agency of the U.S. state of Iowa formed in 1986, charged with maintaining state parks and forests, protecting the environment of Iowa, and managing energy, fish, wildlife, land resources, and water resources of Iowa.
Cyan Banister
Cyan Banister (née Callihan; born 1977) is an American angel investor and entrepreneur. She is a partner at Long Journey Ventures, an early stage venture capital fund. She was an early investor in Uber, Niantic, Postmates, DeepMind, Carta, Thumbtack, Flexport, Affirm, and SpaceX, and co-founded Zivity, an adult-themed social networking site. Banister was the first woman investing partner at the venture capital Founders Fund, where she led seed and early-stage investments.

Carta (software company)
eShares, Inc., doing business as Carta, Inc., is a San Francisco, California-based technology company that specializes in capitalization table management and valuation software. The company digitizes paper stock certificates along with stock options, warrants, and derivatives to allow companies, investors, and employees to manage their equity and track company ownership. The company also operated CartaX, a private stock exchange, which was shuttered in 2024.

Carta was founded in 2012 by Henry Ward and Manu Kumar.
Bristol Industrial Historic District
Bristol Industrial Historic District is a national historic district located in Bristol, Bucks County, Pennsylvania. It encompasses nine contributing buildings in a wholly industrial area of Bristol. It includes the Keystone Mill (1877, 1903), Star Mill (1880), Wilson & Fenimore Walpaper Factory (1882), and Peirce and William Planing Mill (1891).  The district includes the separately listed Grundy Mill Complex and formerly listed  Bristol Carpet Mills.  A number of the buildings were constructed by the Bristol Improvement Company between 1876 and 1885.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.

Bucks County, Pennsylvania
Bucks County is in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 646,538, making it the fourth-most populous county in Pennsylvania. Its county seat is Doylestown. The county is named after the English county of Buckinghamshire. The county is part of the Southeast region of the commonwealth.

The county represents the northern boundary of the Philadelphia–Camden–Wilmington, PA–NJ–DE–MD metropolitan statistical area.

To its southwest, Bucks County borders Montgomery County and Philadelphia, the nation's sixth-largest city. To its east, the county borders the Delaware River and U.S. state of New Jersey. To its north, the county borders Lehigh and Northampton counties in the state's Lehigh Valley region. The county is approximately 30 miles (48 km) southeast of Allentown, the state's third-largest city, and 40 miles (64 km) north of Philadelphia, the state's largest city.
Przanówka
Przanówka [pʂaˈnufka] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Brzeziny, within Brzeziny County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) south of Brzeziny and 21 km (13 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź.

Brzeziny County
Brzeziny County (Polish: powiat brzeziński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It was created in 2002 out of the north-eastern part of Łódź East County. Its administrative seat and only town is Brzeziny, which lies 20 kilometres (12 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź.

The county covers an area of 358.51 square kilometres (138.4 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 30,600, out of which the population of Brzeziny is 12,373 and the rural population is 18,227.
Josh Rice (rugby league)
Joshua Rice (born July 8, 1987) is an American rugby league and former college football player. Redshirted in 2005, Rice played as an linebacker for the Hawaii Warriors football team between 2006 and 2009. He switched to rugby league and earned selection for the United States national team between 2011 and 2017. He most notably appeared at the 2017 Rugby League World Cup.

In rugby league, Rice plays as a second-row or centre for the New York Knights in the USA Rugby League and previously the Ipswich Jets in the Queensland Cup.

USA Rugby League
The USA Rugby League (formally the US Association of Rugby League, Inc.) is the national governing body for rugby league in the United States.

The organization is responsible for running the domestic club competitions and the United States national rugby league team in addition to other responsibilities.

The body was founded in 2011 by clubs that had broken from the established American National Rugby League (AMNRL), plus expansion franchises. The USARL began its inaugural competition season in 2011 with eight teams.

The USARL was granted affiliate membership in November 2014 of the RLIF and RLEF, replacing the AMNRL which is now defunct.
Albert Parker (businessman)
Albert Parker (January 10, 1916 – May 21, 1995) was the owner of The Claxton Town Bakery and origin of the Old Fashion Claxton town Fruitcake. Parker got his start working with Savino Tos, the founder and previous owner of The Claxton Bakery, in 1927 when he was eleven years old. In 1945, Tos sold the bakery to Albert Parker and retired. Parker immediately began focusing his business on the sale of fruitcakes. Since then, The Claxton Bakery has sold millions of fruitcakes around the world.

During the 1960s, Albert Parker served his community on the Claxton City Council. Albert Parker's wealth, along with his vision and leadership, influenced a number of community organizations such as Andrew College and the South Georgia Methodist Foundation.

Andrew College
Andrew College is a private liberal arts college in Cuthbert, Georgia.  It is associated with The United Methodist Church and is the ninth-oldest college in Georgia. Andrew is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges (SACSCOC).
Oakland Banshees
The Oakland Banshees are a women's semi-professional American football team based in Oakland, California.  A member of the Independent Women's Football League, the Banshees play their home games at Chabot College in nearby Hayward.

Semi-professional sports
Semi-professional sports are sports in which athletes are not participating on a full-time basis, but still receive some payment. Semi-professionals are not amateur because they receive regular payment from their team, but generally at a considerably lower rate than a full-time professional athlete. As a result, semi-professional players frequently have (or seek) full-time employment elsewhere. A semi-pro player or team could also be one that represents a place of employment that only the employees are allowed to play on. In this case, it is considered semi-pro because their employer pays them, but for their regular job, not for playing on the company's team.

The semi-professional status is not universal throughout the world and depends on each country's labour code and each sports organization's specific regulations.
Duplex (automobile)
The Duplex was a Canadian automobile built by the United Iron Works Company, of Montreal in 1923. The engine was an unconventional 4-cylinder two-stroke engine with two pistons per cylinder, which the makers claimed gave excellent fuel economy.

The Duplex had a 110-inch (2.8 m) wheelbase, and the proposed tourer was priced at CA$1750. The prototype was displayed at the 1923 Montreal Show, but there was very little interest shown, and production never eventuated.

Touring car
Touring car and tourer are both terms for open cars (i.e. cars without a fixed roof). "Touring car" is a style of open car built in the United States which seats four or more people. The style was popular from the early 1900s to the 1930s. The cars used for touring car racing in various series since the 1960s, are unrelated to these early touring cars, despite sharing the same name.

"Tourer" is used in British English for any open car. The term "all-weather tourer" was used to describe convertibles (vehicles that could be fully enclosed). A popular version of the tourer was the torpedo, with the hood/bonnet line level at the car's waistline giving the car a straight line from front to back.
Shawn Gerrard
Shawn Gerrard is a Canadian film and television director from Toronto, Ontario. He is most noted for Inheritance, a short documentary film he made as part of the NBA Films for Fans anthology project in 2021.

An alumnus of the film studies program at York University, Gerrard started his career as a post-production producer on television shows such as Odd Squad and Age of Samurai: Battle for Japan. He directed a number of short films before releasing his debut feature film, Space & Time, in 2017.

His television credits have included the series The Next Step, Lockdown and Take Note.

His second feature film, Summer League, is in development.

Odd Squad
Odd Squad (stylized in all caps) is a live action children's educational comedy television series created by Tim McKeon and Adam Peltzman. The series premiered on TVOKids in Canada and PBS Kids in the United States on November 26, 2014. Similar to Cyberchase and Peg + Cat, the series involves child characters using mathematical concepts (addition, multiplication, using data in graphs, etc.) to advance each episode's plot. The series features child actors (whose characters are the employees of the "Odd Squad") who use indirect reasoning and basic math to solve and investigate strange happenings in their town.
Middle Ground Rock
Middle Ground Rock (54°8′S 36°36′W﻿ / ﻿54.133°S 36.600°W﻿ / -54.133; -36.600) is a submerged kelp-covered rock lying 1.5 nautical miles (3 km) east of Framnaes Point, in the middle of the entrance of Stromness Bay, South Georgia in the South Atlantic Ocean. The name appears to be first used on a 1952 British Admiralty chart.

Framnaes Point
Framnaes Point (54°8′S 36°39′W﻿ / ﻿54.133°S 36.650°W﻿ / -54.133; -36.650) is a point 1 mile (2 km) southwest of Cape Saunders, on the north side of Stromness Bay, South Georgia. The name was given prior to 1920, probably by Norwegian whalers operating in the area.

Just 0.5 miles (0.80 km) southeast of Framnaes Point are a small group of rocks called the Black Rocks. The name Blenheim Rocks has appeared for these rocks, but since about 1930 the name Black Rocks has been used more consistently.
Edward Garrow
Edward William Garrow (18 October 1815 – 29 March 1896) was an English first-class cricketer and clergyman.

The son of The Reverend David William Garrow, he was born in October 1815 at Monken Hadley, Middlesex. He was educated at Charterhouse School, before matriculating at Brasenose College, Oxford in 1834, graduating B.A. in 1839 and M.A. in 1842. While studying at Oxford, he made a single appearance in first-class cricket for Oxford University against the Marylebone Cricket Club at Lord's in 1839. Batting once in the match, Garrow was run out without scoring in the Oxford first-innings. After graduating from Oxford, Garrow took holy orders in the Church of England. His first ecclesiastical posting was as perpetual curate at Compton Abdale, Gloucestershire from 1847–67. From 1867, he was the rector of Bilsthorpe, Nottinghamshire. He died there in March 1896. His grandfather was Sir William Garrow.

Monken Hadley
Monken Hadley is an area in the London Borough of Barnet, at the northern edge of Greater London, England, lying some 11 miles (18 km) north north-west of Charing Cross. Anciently a country village near Chipping Barnet in Middlesex, and from 1889 to 1965 in Hertfordshire, it is now a suburban area, while retaining some of its rural character.
Oslo Museum
Oslo Museum (Norwegian: Oslo museum) is a museum of cultural history focusing on the history of Oslo, Norway, covering city history and urban development, labour history, theatre history and cultural diversity. The museum's four departments are located in Frogner Park (Oslo City Museum and Theatre Museum), Grønland, Oslo (Intercultural Museum) and Sagene (Labour Museum). The museum is headquartered at Frogner Manor in Frogner Park, together with two of its departments; Oslo City Museum and Theatre Museum.

Grønland, Oslo
Grønland (meaning "Greenland" in Norwegian) is a neighbourhood in central Oslo, Norway. It is served by several tram and bus lines, as well as the Oslo Metro at the Grønland Station. The neighborhood, along with neighboring Tøyen, is considered to be very ethnically diverse and is home to a large population of immigrants.

The neighbourhood is situated on the east side of Akerselva, five to ten minutes walking distance from Oslo Central Station and downtown Oslo. It stretches from Grünerløkka down to the fjord by Middelalderparken shore area.
Spinello Aretino
Spinello Aretino (c. 1350 – c. 1410) was an Italian painter from Arezzo, who was active in Tuscany at the end of the 14th and the first decade of the 15th century.  His style influenced the development of late 14th- and early 15th-century painting in Tuscany.

Pope Alexander III
Pope Alexander III (c. 1100/1105 – 30 August 1181), born Roland (Italian: Rolando), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 7 September 1159 until his death in 1181.

A native of Siena, Alexander became pope after a contested election, but had to spend much of his pontificate outside Rome while several rivals, supported by Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa, claimed the papacy. Alexander rejected Byzantine Emperor Manuel I Komnenos' offer to end the East–West Schism, sanctioned the Northern Crusades, and held the Third Council of the Lateran.  He canonized Thomas Becket and Bernard of Clairvaux. The city of Alessandria in Piedmont is named after him.
Toivo Kuula
Toivo Timoteus Kuula (7 July 1883 – 18 May 1918) was a Finnish composer and conductor of the late-Romantic and early-modern periods, who emerged in the wake of Jean Sibelius, under whom he studied privately from 1906 to 1908. The core of Kuula's oeuvre are his many works for voice and orchestra, in particular the Stabat mater (1914–18; completed by Madetoja), The Sea-Bathing Maidens (1910), Son of a Slave (1910), and The Maiden and the Boyar's Son (1912). In addition he also composed two Ostrobothnian Suites for orchestra and left an unfinished symphony at the time of his murder in 1918 in a drunken quarrel.

20th-century classical music
20th-century classical music is  Western art music that was written between 1901 and 2000, inclusive. Musical style diverged during the 20th century as it never had previously, so this century was without a dominant style. Modernism, impressionism, and post-romanticism can all be traced to the decades before the turn of the 20th century, but can be included because they evolved beyond the musical boundaries of the 19th-century styles that were part of the earlier common practice period. neoclassicism and expressionism came mostly after 1900. Minimalism started later in the century and can be seen as a change from the modern to postmodern era, although some date postmodernism from as early as about 1930. Aleatory, atonality, serialism, musique concrète, and electronic music were all developed during the century. Jazz and ethnic folk music became important influences on many composers during this century.
Mongol invasion of India (1297–1298)
In the winter of 1297, Kadar, a noyan of the Mongol Chagatai Khanate invaded the Delhi Sultanate ruled by Alauddin Khalji. The Mongols ravaged the Punjab region of modern-day Pakistan and India, advancing as far as Kasur. Alauddin sent an army led by his brother Ulugh Khan (and probably Zafar Khan) to check their advance. This army defeated the invaders on 6 February 1298, killing around 20,000 of them, and forcing the Mongols to retreat.

Ziauddin Barani
Ziauddin Barani (Urdu: ضیاء الدین برنی‎; 1285–1357) was an Indian political thinker of the Delhi Sultanate located in present-day Northern India during Muhammad bin Tughlaq and Firuz Shah's reign. He was best known for composing the Tarikh-i-Firoz Shahi (also called Tarikh-i-Firuz Shahi), a work on medieval India, which covers the period from the reign of Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq to the first six years of the reign of Firoz Shah Tughluq; and the Fatwa-i-Jahandari which promoted a hierarchy among Muslim communities in the Indian subcontinent, although according to M. Athar Ali it was not based on race or even like the caste system, but taking as a model of Sassanid Iran, which promoted an idea of aristocracy through birth and which was claimed by Persians to be "fully in accordance with the main thrust of Islamic thought as it had developed by that time", including in the works of his near-contemporary Ibn Khaldun.
Takayuki Kiyooka
Takayuki Kiyooka (清岡 卓行, Kiyooka Takayuki; July 29, 1922 - June 3, 2006) was a Japanese  poet and novelist. He was born in Dalian, China, while it was Japan's leased territory, spent his youth there, and is noted for his stories about the life in Dalian. He received the Akutagawa Prize in 1969, for his story, Dalian of Acasia Flowers.

He was married to Keiko Iwasaka.

Akutagawa Prize
The Akutagawa Prize (芥川龍之介賞, Akutagawa Ryūnosuke Shō) is a Japanese literary award presented semi-annually. Because of its prestige and the considerable attention the winner receives from the media, it is, along with the Naoki Prize, one of Japan's most sought after literary prizes.
Mauritshuis
The Mauritshuis (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈmʌurɪtsˌɦœys]; The Hague dialect: [ˈmɑːʁɪtsˌɦœːs]; lit. 'Maurice House') is an art museum in The Hague, Netherlands. The museum houses the Royal Cabinet of Paintings which consists of 854 objects, mostly Dutch Golden Age paintings. The collection contains works by Johannes Vermeer, Rembrandt van Rijn, Jan Steen, Paulus Potter, Frans Hals, Jacob van Ruisdael, Hans Holbein the Younger, and others. Originally, the 17th-century building was the residence of Count John Maurice of Nassau. The building is now the property of the government of the Netherlands and is listed in the top 100 Dutch heritage sites.

Art museum
An art museum, or art gallery, is an organization, usually with buildings or spaces for the display of art from the museum's own collection. It might be in public or private ownership, be accessible to all, or have restrictions in place. Although primarily concerned with visual art, art museums are often used as a venue for other cultural exchanges and artistic activities, such as lectures, jewelry, performance arts, music concerts, or poetry readings. Art museums also frequently host themed temporary exhibitions, which often include items on loan from other collections.
Indian Creek (Crooked Creek tributary)
Indian Creek is a stream in Bollinger County in the U.S. state of Missouri. It is a tributary of Crooked Creek.

The stream headwaters arise at 37°24′48″N 90°03′06″W﻿ / ﻿37.41333°N 90.05167°W﻿ / 37.41333; -90.05167 at an elevation of approximately 770 feet just to the southwest of the intersection of Missouri Route 51 and Missouri Route OO and it flows south parallel to Route 51 for approximately three miles to its confluence with Crooked Creek at 37°21′55″N 90°03′32″W﻿ / ﻿37.36528°N 90.05889°W﻿ / 37.36528; -90.05889 at and elevation of 525 feet.

Indian Creek was named for the fact traces of Indian settlement were found along its course.

Bollinger County, Missouri
Bollinger County is a county located in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the county's population was 10,567. The county seat, largest and only city, is Marble Hill. The largely rural county is supported by agriculture and construction. The county was officially organized in March 1851 from portions of Wayne, Cape Girardeau and Stoddard Counties, and named in honor of George Frederick Bollinger, an early settler.

Bollinger County is part of the Cape Girardeau, MO–IL Metropolitan Statistical Area. The county is the home of the "Missouri dinosaur" discovered at an archaeological dig near Glen Allen in 1942. Blue Pond, the deepest natural pond in Missouri, is located in the southern portion of the county.
Dave Taylor (bass guitarist)
David George Taylor (born February 20, 1953, in Vancouver, B.C.) is a Canadian musician. He is best known for his work as long-serving bass player for Bryan Adams from 1982 to 1998.

According to Adams's YouTube channel, Taylor's first concert with Adams was at the Agora Ballroom in Cleveland, Ohio, on January 6, 1982.

Agora Theatre and Ballroom
The Agora Theatre and Ballroom (commonly known as the Cleveland Agora, or simply, the Agora) is a music venue located in Cleveland, Ohio.

Hank LoConti opened the first Agora on February 27, 1966, near the campus of Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland. His concept of promoting live entertainment for young adults was an instant success and audiences outgrew both the building and the neighborhood almost immediately.
Reşadiye
Reşadiye is a town of Tokat Province, Turkey, located within the Cappadocia land within the Kızılırmak arc in the central part of the Black Sea region. It is the seat of Reşadiye District. Its population is 9,795 (2022). It is on the E80 highway, on the edge of the Kelkit Stream. Reşadiye is surrounded by Ordu in the north, Almus in the south, Niksar and Başçiftlik in the west and Sivas in the southeast. Reşadiye lies on the banks of the Kelkit River.

Kızılırmak River
The Kızılırmak (Turkish pronunciation: [kɯzɯlɯrmak], Turkish for "Red River"), once known as the Halys River (Ancient Greek: Ἅλυς) and Alis River, is the longest river flowing entirely within Turkey. It is a source of hydroelectric power and is not used for navigation.