hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Smoluchowski coagulation equation
In statistical physics, the Smoluchowski coagulation equation is a population balance equation introduced by Marian Smoluchowski in a seminal 1916 publication, describing the time evolution of the number density of particles as they coagulate (in this context "clumping together") to size x at time t.

Simultaneous coagulation (or aggregation) is encountered in processes involving polymerization, coalescence of aerosols, emulsication, flocculation.

Number density
The number density (symbol: n or ρN) is an intensive quantity used to describe the degree of concentration of countable objects (particles, molecules, phonons, cells, galaxies, etc.) in physical space: three-dimensional volumetric number density, two-dimensional areal number density, or one-dimensional linear number density. Population density is an example of areal number density. The term number concentration (symbol: lowercase n, or C, to avoid confusion with amount of substance indicated by uppercase N) is sometimes used in chemistry for the same quantity, particularly when comparing with other concentrations.
Beaussais-Vitré
Beaussais-Vitré (French pronunciation: [bosɛ vitʁe]) is a commune in the Deux-Sèvres department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in western France. It is the result of the merger, on 1 January 2013, of the communes of Beaussais and Vitré.

Deux-Sèvres
Deux-Sèvres (French pronunciation: [dø sɛvʁ] ⓘ, Poitevin-Saintongese: Deùs Saevres) is a French department. Deux-Sèvres literally means "two Sèvres": the Sèvre Nantaise and the Sèvre Niortaise are two rivers which have their sources in the department. It had a population of 374,878 in 2019.
Julian J. Hook
Julian James Hook (April 18, 1941 – April 4, 2022) was an American lawyer and politician.

Hook was born in Evanston, Illinois. He graduated from Robbinsdale High School in 1959. Hook received his bachelor's and master's degree from the University of Minnesota and was on the Minnesota Golden Gophers football team. He also graduated from the University of Minnesota Law School and was admitted to the Minnesota bar. He worked in the office of the Minnesota Attorney General as a special assistant attorney general. Hook served in the Minnesota House of Representatives from 1971 to 1974. Hook lived in St. Louis Park, Minnesota, in Golden Valley, Minnesota, and in Navarre, Minnesota, with his wife and family. He was ill with leukemia.

Minnesota Golden Gophers football
The Minnesota Golden Gophers football team represents the University of Minnesota in college football at the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision level. Founded in 1882, Minnesota has been a member of the Big Ten Conference since its inception in 1896 as the Western Conference. The Golden Gophers claim seven national championships, including four (1936, 1940, 1941, and 1960) from the major wire-services: AP Poll and/or Coaches' Poll.

Since 2009, the Golden Gophers have played all their home games at Huntington Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The team is currently coached by P. J. Fleck.
Ribeira do Rabil
Ribeira do Rabil is a seasonal stream in the central and western part of the island of Boa Vista in Cape Verde. It is 27 km (17 mi) long, and its basin area is 199 km2 (77 sq mi). Its source is in the southeastern part of the island, north of the island's highest point Monte Estância. It flows generally northwest, passes east of the town Rabil and flows into the Atlantic Ocean near the Aristides Pereira International Airport. The estuary, Lagoa do Rabil, is an important wetland area.

Aristides Pereira International Airport
Aristides Pereira International Airport (Portuguese Aeroporto Internacional Aristides Pereira) (IATA: BVC, ICAO: GVBA) is an airport in Cape Verde located on the island of Boa Vista, about 5 km (3.1 mi) southeast of the island capital Sal Rei. It is the third-busiest airport in the country.
Samuel J. Meisels
Samuel J. Meisels is an American academic whose scholarship focuses on early childhood assessment, child development, and educational practices that support the developmental needs of young children.

Meisels is the founding executive director of the Buffett Early Childhood Institute at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln, president emeritus of Erikson Institute, and a professor and research scientist emeritus at the University of Michigan. Meisels retired from the Buffett Institute on Feb. 28, 2023, concluding a career that spanned more than a half-century and established him as a leading voice in the field of early childhood education and development.

Early childhood
Early childhood is a stage in human development following infancy and preceding middle childhood. It generally includes toddlerhood and some time afterward. Play age is an unspecific designation approximately within the scope of early childhood.
Floros Konstantinou
Floros Konstantinou (Greek: Φλώρος Κωνσταντίνου; 8 October 1952 – 19 February 2018) was a Greek politician, historian and economist, who served as a Member of the Parliament and Deputy Minister of Agriculture with PASOK. He was a graduate of Political Sciences and a holder of two doctoral degrees, the first with the rural economy and the second in history of Hellenism in Romania.

Drama (regional unit)
Drama (Greek: Περιφερειακή Ενότητα Δράμας, Perifereiakí Enótita Drámas) is one of the regional units of Greece. It is part of the Region of East Macedonia and Thrace. Its capital is the town of Drama. The regional unit is the northernmost within the geographical region of Macedonia and the westernmost in the administrative region of East Macedonia and Thrace. The northern border with Bulgaria is formed by the Rhodope Mountains.
Arakan National Council
The Arakan National Council (Burmese: ရခိုင်ပြည် အမျိုးသား ကောင်စီ; abbreviated ANC) is an ethno-political organisation in Myanmar that campaigns for the interests of the Rakhine people. It was founded at a conference between Rakhine insurgent groups in-exile in 2004, and also has an armed wing in Kayin State, known as the Arakan Army.

Naing Soe, a senior leader of the ANC, was arrested in February 2018, following a series of bombings in Sittwe, the capital of Rakhine State. He was later released after police failed to provide evidence linking him to the bombings within 30 days as is required by police procedure.

On March 31, 2023, the ANC urged the National Unity Consultative Council to build an environment where all democratic and ethnic organizations in Myanmar can participate in building a federal union.

Kayin State
Kayin State, formerly known as Karen State, is a state of Myanmar. The capital city is Hpa-An, also spelled Pa-An.

The terrain of the state is mountainous, with the Dawna Range running along the state in a NNW–SSE direction, and the southern end of the Karen Hills in the northwest. It is bordered by the Mae Hong Son, Tak, and Kanchanaburi provinces of Thailand to the east; Mon State and Bago Region to the west and south; and Mandalay Region, Shan State and Kayah State to the north.
2010–11 Football League 2 (Greece)
The 2010–11 Football League 2 was the 28th season since the official establishment of the third tier of Greek football in 1983. It started on September 12, 2010.

It's the first season with championship's new name, after its change from Gamma Ethniki to Football League 2.

Koriopolis
Koriopolis (Greek: Κοριόπολις) is the name given by the Greek press to a match fixing scandal in Greek football that came to light in June 2011. With the help of UEFA and the Greek National Intelligence Service, the judicial authorities initially identified 83 suspects, which subsequently increased to 187, including football officials, referees, players and police officers, who were banned from leaving the country.

The investigation centres on offences that include illegal gambling, fraud, extortion and money laundering.

The name Koriopolis is a pun on the name of the Italian scandal of Calciopoli in 2006, and the Greek word korios (phone tap).
Journal of Physics G
Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics is a peer-reviewed journal that publishes theoretical and experimental research into nuclear physics, particle physics and particle astrophysics, including all interface areas between these fields.

The editor-in-chief is Jacek Dobaczewski, University of York, England.

Nuclear physics
Nuclear physics is the field of physics that studies atomic nuclei and their constituents and interactions, in addition to the study of other forms of nuclear matter.

Nuclear physics should not be confused with atomic physics, which studies the atom as a whole, including its electrons.

Discoveries in nuclear physics have led to applications in many fields such as nuclear power, nuclear weapons, nuclear medicine and magnetic resonance imaging, industrial and agricultural isotopes, ion implantation in materials engineering, and radiocarbon dating in geology and archaeology. Such applications are studied in the field of nuclear engineering.

Particle physics evolved out of nuclear physics and the two fields are typically taught in close association. Nuclear astrophysics, the application of nuclear physics to astrophysics, is crucial in explaining the inner workings of stars and the origin of the chemical elements.
Sphere–cylinder intersection
In the theory of analytic geometry for real three-dimensional space, the curve formed from the intersection between a sphere and a cylinder can be a circle, a point, the empty set, or a special type of curve.

For the analysis of this situation, assume (without loss of generality) that the axis of the cylinder coincides with the z-axis; points on the cylinder (with radius ) satisfy

We also assume that the sphere, with radius  is centered at a point on the positive x-axis, at point . Its points satisfy

The intersection is the collection of points satisfying both equations.

Circle
A circle is a shape consisting of all points in a plane that are at a given distance from a given point, the centre. The distance between any point of the circle and the centre is called the radius. The length of a line segment connecting two points on the circle and passing through the centre is called the diameter. A circle bounds a region of the plane called a disc.

The circle has been known since before the beginning of recorded history. Natural circles are common, such as the full moon or a slice of round fruit. The circle is the basis for the wheel, which, with related inventions such as gears, makes much of modern machinery possible. In mathematics, the study of the circle has helped inspire the development of geometry, astronomy and calculus.
John Bass (politician)
John Bass (July 18, 1926 – March 25, 2007) was an American boxer, schoolteacher, school principal, and Democratic politician from St. Louis, Missouri, who served in the Missouri State Senate from 1981 to 1991.

Missouri Senate
The Missouri Senate is the upper chamber of the Missouri General Assembly, the lower chamber being the Missouri House of Representatives. It has 34 members, representing districts with an average population of 181,000. Its members serve four-year terms, with half the seats being up for election every two years. The Senate chooses a President Pro Tempore to serve in the absence of the lieutenant governor or when he shall have to exercise the office of governor of Missouri if there is a vacancy in that office due to death, resignation, impeachment, or incapacitation.

Members of the Missouri General Assembly are prohibited from serving more than eight years in either the state house of representatives or state senate, or a total of sixteen years, due to statutory term limits.
Anterior superior alveolar artery
The anterior superior alveolar artery is one of the two or three superior alveolar arteries. It arises from the infraorbital artery. It passes through the canalis sinuosus. It provides arterial supply the upper incisor and canine teeth as well as the mucous membrane of the maxillary sinus.

Incisor
Incisors (from Latin incidere, "to cut") are the front teeth present in most mammals. They are located in the premaxilla above and on the mandible below. Humans have a total of eight (two on each side, top and bottom). Opossums have 18, whereas armadillos, anteaters and other animals in the superorder Xenarthra have none.
Armed Forces F.C.
Armed Forces Football Club, commonly known as Armed Forces, sometimes known as AFFC Kuala Lumpur, is a football section of the Malaysian Armed Forces. Its home ground is Mindef Stadium in Kampung Datuk Keramat , Kuala Lumpur. They currently play in the second division of the Malaysian football league system, the Malaysia A1 Semi-Pro League.

Malaysian Armed Forces
The Malaysian Armed Forces (Abbr.: MAF; Malay: Angkatan Tentera Malaysia; Jawi: اڠكتن تنترا مليسيا‎) are the armed forces of Malaysia, consists of three branches; the Malaysian Army, Royal Malaysian Navy and the Royal Malaysian Air Force. The number of MAF active personnel is 113,000 along with reserve forces at 51,600.

The Supreme Commander of the Malaysian Armed Forces is the Yang di-Pertuan Agong; the King of Malaysia.
Hyidae
Hyidae is a family of pseudoscorpions. It was described in 1930 by American arachnologist Joseph Conrad Chamberlin. Habitats include plant litter and caves. They are found in South and Southeast Asia, Madagascar, and Australia.

Joseph Conrad Chamberlin
Joseph Conrad Chamberlin (December 23, 1898 – July 17, 1962) was an American arachnologist who studied mainly pseudoscorpions. A native of Utah, he studied primarily at Stanford University while working most of his career in Oregon for the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Several species are named in his honor.

His zoological author abbreviation is J.C.Chamberlin.
Mehdi Aidet
Mehdi Aidet (born 3 November 1953) represented Algeria in the 800 m and the  1500 mat the 1980 Summer Olympic Games he qualified for the next round in both events before being eliminated, he then went on to compete in the 1500 mat the 1984 Summer Olympic Games.

He was a National Champion three times in the 800m and 5 times in the 1500m, he also represented Algeria at the 1980 IAAF World Cross Country Championships, 1981 IAAF World Cross Country Championships and 1982 IAAF World Cross Country Championships, his best finish was 60th in 1980.

Athletics at the 1980 Summer Olympics – Men's 1500 metres
The men's 1,500m metres was an event at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, Soviet Union. The final was held on Friday 1 August 1980. Forty athletes from 29 nations competed. The maximum number of athletes per nation had been set at 3 since the 1930 Olympic Congress. The event was won by 0.4 seconds by Sebastian Coe of Great Britain, the nation's first championship in the event since back-to-back wins surrounding World War I in 1912 and 1920, and first medal of any color since 1932. East Germany took its first medal in the 1500 metres since starting to compete separately, with Jürgen Straub's silver.
Scrap (2022 Canadian film)
Scrap is a Canadian documentary film, directed by Stacey Tenenbaum and released in 2022. The film profiles various people around the world whose lives revolve around finding new uses for abandoned scrap objects, such as living in abandoned vehicles or recycling scrap objects into art or building materials.

Tenenbaum began production on the film in 2019.

The film premiered at the 2022 Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival, and was subsequently acquired for broadcast on the Documentary Channel and CBC Gem.

The film received two Canadian Screen Award nominations at the 11th Canadian Screen Awards in 2023, for Best Cinematography in a Documentary (Katerine Giguère) and Best Original Music in a Documentary (Ramachandra Borcar).

Canadian Screen Award for Best Cinematography in a Documentary
The Canadian Screen Award for Best Cinematography in a Documentary is an annual award, presented as part of the Canadian Screen Awards program to honour the year's best cinematography in a documentary film. It is presented separately from the Canadian Screen Award for Best Cinematography for feature films.

On two prior occasions, at the 1st Genie Awards in 1980 and at the short-lived Bijou Awards in 1981, awards were presented for Best Cinematography in a Documentary (Non-Feature), covering short documentaries and television programs, but not for feature documentaries. Nonetheless, the winners and nominees in those years have been included below. In the 1960s, both short and feature documentary films were sometimes winners of the Canadian Film Award for Best Cinematography, as relatively few Canadian narrative features were made in that era, but this was not continued after 1969.
Francescantonio Coratoli
Francesco Antonio Coratoli (13 December 1671 – 10 June 1722) was an Italian painter of the late-Baroque or Rococo periods.

Born in Monteleone di Puglia, Coratoli trained under a painter by the name of Zoda. He travelled to Rome to study painting. His works include frescoes in the Basilica di San Leone Luca, Santa Maria di Gesù, a Coronation of the Virgin for the church of Santa Maria degli Angeli, and a Marriage of St. Joseph for il Gesù. He died in Monteleone in 1722 at age 50.

Santa Maria degli Angeli e dei Martiri
The Basilica of St. Mary of the Angels and of the Martyrs (Latin: Beatissimae Virginis et omnium Angelorum et Martyrum, Italian: Santa Maria degli Angeli e dei Martiri) is a Catholic titular minor basilica and former Carthusian conventual church in Rome constructed in the ruined frigidarium and tepidarium of the Roman Baths of Diocletian in the Piazza della Repubblica.

It was constructed in the 16th century following an original design by Michelangelo Buonarroti. Other architects and artists added to the church over the following centuries. During the Kingdom of Italy, the church was used for religious state functions.
Appomattox Manor
Appomattox Manor is a former plantation house in Hopewell, Virginia, United States. It is best known as the Union headquarters during the Siege of Petersburg in 1864–65.

The restored c. 1751 manor house on a bluff overlooking the confluence of the James River and Appomattox River, and the grounds are managed by the National Park Service. The museum there, Grant's Headquarters at City Point Museum, is a unit of the Petersburg National Battlefield Park.

Plantation house
A plantation house is the main house of a plantation, often a substantial farmhouse, which often serves as a symbol for the plantation as a whole. Plantation houses in the Southern United States and in other areas are known as quite grand and expensive architectural works today, though most were more utilitarian, working farmhouses.
2022 Italian general election in Veneto
The Italian general election of 2022 took place on 25 September 2022.

In Veneto the centre-right coalition (56.3%), this time dominated by the Brothers of Italy, obtained a far larger victory than four years before over the centre-left coalition (23.0%), Action – Italia Viva (8.4%) and the Five Star Movement (5.8%). One third of deputies and senators were elected in single-seat constituencies and, as in 2018, the centre-right won all such constituencies. Among parties, the Brothers of Italy came largely first with 32.7% of the vote, followed by the Democratic Party (16.3%) and Lega (14.5%). The biggest turnaround happened within the centre-right, as Lega lost more than half of the votes obtained in 2018 (–17.7pp) and the Brothers of Italy jumped from 4.2% to virtually eight times that share (+28.5pp).

Action – Italia Viva
Action – Italia Viva (Italian: Azione – Italia Viva; A–IV), informally known as the Third Pole (Italian: Terzo Polo), was a liberal and centrist parliamentary group and electoral list which ran in the 2022 Italian general election. The list was led by Carlo Calenda. During the 19th legislature, it named its parliamentary group Action – Italia Viva – Renew Europe in the Chamber and the Senate.
José Alfonso Suárez del Real
José Alfonso Suárez del Real y Aguilera (born 30 December 1953) is a Mexican journalist and politician. Originally affiliated with the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD), he changed his allegiance to the National Regeneration Movement (Morena) in 2010.

In 2006–2009 he served as a federal deputy in the 60th Congress, representing the Federal District's twelfth district for the PRD. In 2015 he was elected to the Legislative Assembly of the Federal District as a member of Morena.

On 26 July 2020, Suárez del Real was appointed to serve as Mexico City's secretary of government by Mayor Claudia Sheinbaum, replacing Rosa Icela Rodríguez. His previous position was as the city's secretary of culture.
In July 2021 he was replaced as secretary of government by Martí Batres and took office as chief of staff to the mayor, where he remained for eight months.

On 20 April 2021 he was assigned to head Mexico's diplomatic mission to the Council of Europe in Strasbourg.

Party of the Democratic Revolution
The Party of the Democratic Revolution (Spanish: Partido de la Revolución Democrática [paɾˈtiðo ðe la reβoluˈsjon demoˈkɾatika], PRD) is a state-level social democratic political party in Mexico (previously national, until 2024). The PRD originated from the Democratic Current, a political faction formed in 1986 from the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). The PRD was formed after the contested general election in 1988, which the PRD's immediate predecessor, the National Democratic Front, believed was rigged by the PRI. This sparked a movement away from the PRI's authoritarian rule.

As of 2023, the PRD was a member of the Fuerza y Corazón por México (Strength and Heart for Mexico) coalition. Internationally, the PRD was a member of the Progressive Alliance. The members of the party are known colloquially in Mexico as Perredistas. In 2024, the party failed to reach the necessary percentage of votes to keep its registration as a national political party.
The Places Between: The Best of Doves
The Places Between: The Best of Doves is a compilation album from Manchester-based indie rock band Doves. The compilation was released on 5 April 2010 in the UK via Heavenly Recordings, and on 20 April 2010 in North America via Astralwerks. The album encompasses the band's entire career, collecting from their 2000 debut album Lost Souls, 2002's The Last Broadcast, 2005's Some Cities, and their 2009 album Kingdom of Rust, as well as an assortment of EPs and singles. The compilation was released as a standard single-disc best-of, as well as a deluxe three-disc edition, featuring the best-of album along with a bonus disc of B-sides, rarities, alternate versions, and album cuts, plus a bonus DVD collecting all of the band's music videos from 1998 through 2009. It peaked at #12 on the UK Albums Chart.

The best-of was preceded by the single "Andalucia", released to radio stations on 1 March 2010, then as a digital download-only single on 5 April 2010.

Heavenly Recordings
Heavenly Recordings is a London-based independent record label founded by Jeff Barrett in 1990. Heavenly released the first albums from Saint Etienne, Beth Orton and Doves, and early singles by Manic Street Preachers. Current Heavenly artists include Mattiel, The Orielles, Confidence Man, audiobooks, Pip Blom, H. Hawkline, Gwenno Saunders, Amber Arcades, Tapir!, Working Men's Club, Katy J Pearson, CHAI and Kneecap.

Heavenly won Independent Label of the Year at the 2015 Music Week Awards. Other achievements include a Mercury Prize nomination for Saint Etienne's debut album, Foxbase Alpha, and three number 1 albums with Doves. It is considered a key British indie record label, alongside Factory, Creation, Rough Trade, Mute, Ninja Tune and Domino.