hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
't Hooft loop
In quantum field theory, the 't Hooft loop is a magnetic analogue of the Wilson loop whose spatial loop operator give rise to thin loops of magnetic flux associated with magnetic vortices. They play the role of a disorder parameter for the Higgs phase in pure gauge theory. Consistency conditions between electric and magnetic charges limit the possible 't Hooft loops that can be used, similarly to the way that the Dirac quantization condition limits the set of allowed magnetic monopoles. They were first introduced by Gerard 't Hooft in 1978 in the context of possible phases that gauge theories admit.

Phase (matter)
In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is a different material, in its own separate phase. (See state of matter § Glass.)

More precisely, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform.: 86 : 3  Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition.

The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter (as where oil and water separate into distinct phases, both in the liquid state).
Mount Fitzhenry
Mount Fitzhenry is a 6,050-foot (1,840-metre) mountain summit located within Olympic National Park in Clallam County of Washington state. Mt. Fitzhenry is in the Bailey Range, which is a subrange of the Olympic Mountains. The mountain can be seen from the visitor center at Hurricane Ridge in clear weather. Its nearest higher neighbor is Mount Fairchild, 1.57 mi (2.53 km) to the south. Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains into tributaries of the Elwha River. Mount Fitzhenry is situated at the head of Fitzhenry Creek, and both are named for Edward Allen Fitzhenry (1868–1937), Clallam County surveyor from 1892-1900. President Woodrow Wilson appointed Fitzhenry as Washington Surveyor General in 1913, and he later served as Deputy State Land Commissioner.

Clallam County, Washington
Clallam County is a county in the U.S. state of Washington. As of the 2020 census, the population was 77,155, with an estimated population of 77,616 in 2023. The county seat and largest city is Port Angeles; the county as a whole comprises the Port Angeles, WA Micropolitan Statistical Area. The name is a Klallam word for "the strong people". The county was formed on April 26, 1854. Located on the Olympic Peninsula, it is south from the Strait of Juan de Fuca, which forms the Canada–US border, as British Columbia's Vancouver Island is across the strait.

Clallam County was a bellwether, voting for the winning candidate in every presidential election from 1980 to 2020, holding the longest record for predicting official presidential election winners in the entire country. It has also voted the winning candidate in every election since 1920 except for 1968, 1976, and 2024.
John of Kakheti
Prince John (Georgian: იოანე ან იოვანე, Ioane or Iovane) was a Georgian prince of royal Chosroid dynasty. He was Prince of Kakheti in 786–790, which he co-ruled with his younger brother Juansher of Kakheti.

He was a son of Prince Archil of Kakheti. Fleeing Arabs, Ioane retired in western Georgia accompanied by his mother and two sisters. Ioane died around 790 leaving no descendants.

Kakheti
Kakheti (/kəˈxɛti/; Georgian: კახეთი K’akheti [kʼaχetʰi]) is a region of Georgia. Telavi is its administrative center. The region comprises eight administrative districts: Telavi, Gurjaani, Qvareli, Sagarejo, Dedoplistsqaro, Signagi, Lagodekhi and Akhmeta.

Kakhetians speak the Kakhetian dialect of Georgian. Kakheti is one of the most significant wine producing regions of Georgia, home to a number of Georgian wines. The region is bordered to the west by the Georgian regions of Mtskheta-Mtianeti and Kvemo Kartli, to the north and east by the Russian Federation, and to the southeast by Azerbaijan. Popular tourist attractions in Kakheti include Tusheti, Gremi, Signagi, Kvetera, Bodbe, Lagodekhi Protected Areas and Alaverdi Monastery.

The Georgian David Gareji monastery complex is partially located in this province and is subject to a border dispute between Georgian and Azerbaijani authorities.
The Texas Chainsaw Massacre (comics)
The popularity of The Texas Chainsaw Massacre film-series and of its main character, Leatherface, led to the publication of several comic books based on the franchise. In 1991, Northstar Comics released a miniseries titled Leatherface — a loose adaptation of Leatherface: The Texas Chainsaw Massacre III — that ran for four issues. In 1995, Topps Comics released Jason Vs. Leatherface, a three-issue miniseries that had Jason Voorhees of Friday the 13th fame moving in with Leatherface and his cannibalistic family.

After the success of the 2003 remake of The Texas Chainsaw Massacre, New Line Cinema set up a "House of Horror" licensing division which licensed the Texas Chainsaw Massacre franchise to Avatar Press for use in new comic-book stories, the first of which appeared in 2005. In 2006, Avatar Press lost the license to the DC Comics imprint, Wildstorm, which subsequently published new stories based on the franchise.

Media franchise
A media franchise, also known as a multimedia franchise, is a collection of related media in which several derivative works have been produced from an original creative work of fiction, such as a film, a work of literature, a television program, or a video game. Bob Iger, chief executive of the Walt Disney Company, defined the word franchise as "something that creates value across multiple businesses and across multiple territories over a long period of time."
Alex Peters
Alex James Peters (born 31 March 1994) is an English cyclist, who last rode for UCI Continental team Ribble Weldtite. Peters previously rode professionally between 2013 and 2017 for the Madison Genesis, Team Sky and SEG Racing Academy teams.

Ribble Weldtite
Ribble Weldtite Pro Cycling was a UCI Continental team, that was founded in 2017 by Jack Rees. The team registered with the UCI for the 2019 season. The team will fold due to sponsorship issues for the 2023 season and the foreseeable future.
Shimanovsky District
Shimanovsky District  (Russian: Шимано́вский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty in Amur Oblast, Russia. The area of the district is 14,554 square kilometers (5,619 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Shimanovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 5,956 (2010 census); 7,275 (2002 Census); 8,588 (1989 Soviet census).

Amur Oblast
Amur Oblast (/əˈmʊər ˈɒblæst/) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast), located on the banks of the Amur and Zeya rivers in the Russian Far East. The oblast borders Heilongjiang province of the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the south.

The administrative center of the oblast, the city of Blagoveshchensk, is one of the oldest settlements in the far east of the country, founded in 1856. It is a traditional center of trade and gold mining. The territory is accessed by two railways: the Trans-Siberian Railway and the Baikal–Amur Mainline. As of the 2021 Census, the oblast's population was 766,912.
Mari Finstad Bergum
Mari Finstad Bergum (born 16 March 1998) is a Norwegian handball player who plays for Toulon Métropole Var Handball.

She also represented Norway in the 2017 Women's Junior European Handball Championship, placing 7th, and in the 2016 Women's Youth World Handball Championship, placing 4th.

She is also a part of Norway's national recruit team in handball.

Toulon Métropole Var Handball
Toulon Métropole Var Handball is a women's handball club based in Toulon, France. The team is currently competes in the French Women's Handball First League from 2009 and they play their home matches in Palais des Sports de Toulon, Toulon.
Thelma Walmsley
Thelma Jo Walmsley (1918–1997) was a Canadian baseball and softball player.

Walmsley played for the Racine Belles of the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League (AAGPBL) in the 1946 season. Prior to her stint with the Racine Belles, Walmsley played for the Montreal Royals of the Montreal Major Ladies' Softball League.

In 1998, Walmsley was one of the Canadian women who played in the AAGPBL who were inducted as a group into the Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame. Her Racine Belles jacket is held in the collection of the Copper Cliff Museum in Walmsley's hometown of Copper Cliff, Ontario.

Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame
The Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum (French: Temple de la renommée du baseball canadien) is a museum located in St. Marys, Ontario, Canada.  The museum commemorates the great players, teams, and events from Canadian baseball history.
Zach Lofton
Zachary Matthew Lofton (born November 18, 1992) is an American professional basketball player who last played for the Taipei Taishin Mars of the Taiwan Professional Basketball League (TPBL). He played college basketball for New Mexico State University (NMSU). He transferred to NMSU from Texas Southern, where he was named the Southwestern Athletic Conference Player of the Year in 2017.

National Basketball League (China)
The National Basketball League (simplified Chinese: 全国男子篮球联赛; traditional Chinese: 全國男子籃球聯賽; pinyin: Quánguó Nánzǐ Lánqiú Liánsài) is a professional basketball minor league in China, called the Chinese Basketball League (CBL) before 2006. It is commonly known as the NBL, and this name (spelled out in letters) is often used even in Chinese.

NBL is the second-tier league to the professional Chinese Basketball Association (CBA).
Henri Crenier
Henri Crenier (December 17, 1873–1948) was an American sculptor born in France.

Crenier was born in Paris, studied at the École des Beaux-Arts with Alexandre Falguière, worked in Asnières-sur-Seine, and exhibited at the Paris Salon. In 1902 he emigrated to the United States, where he became a citizen in 1911, and became active in New York City, serving as master sculptor in the atelier of Hermon Atkins MacNeil.

His solo work includes the James Fenimore Cooper Memorial in Scarsdale, New York, as well as his single largest commission, the two pediment sculptures in granite for the 1915 San Francisco City Hall. He also contributed to the Panama–Pacific International Exposition (1915) and designed the freestanding figure of Achievement that stands at the Nemours Mansion and Gardens in Wilmington, Delaware.

Panama–Pacific International Exposition
The Panama–Pacific International Exposition was a world's fair held in San Francisco, California, United States, from February 20 to December 4, 1915. Its stated purpose was to celebrate the completion of the Panama Canal, but it was widely seen in the city as an opportunity to showcase its recovery from the 1906 earthquake. The fair was constructed on a 636-acre (257-hectare) site along the northern shore, between the Presidio and Fort Mason, now known as the Marina District.
National symbols of Iran
National symbols of Iran (Persian: نمادهای ملی ایران, romanized: Namâd hâ-ye melli-ye Irân) encompass national emblems, symbols, or distinctive features revered by the Iranian people at a national or international level, recognized as representative of the country.

Mithra
Mithra (Avestan: 𐬨𐬌𐬚𐬭𐬀 Miθra; Old Persian: 𐎷𐎰𐎼 Miθraʰ‍) is an ancient Iranian deity (yazata) of covenants, light, oaths, justice, the Sun, contracts, and friendship. In addition to being the divinity of contracts, Mithra is also a judicial figure, an all-seeing protector of Truth (Asha), and the guardian of cattle, the harvest, and the Waters.

The Romans attributed their Mithraic mysteries to Zoroastrian Persian sources relating to Mithra. Since the early 1970s, the dominant scholarship has noted dissimilarities between the Persian and Roman traditions, making it, at most, the result of Roman perceptions of Zoroastrian ideas.
New Brunswick Route 705
Route 705 is a highway in New Brunswick, Canada that runs from an intersection of Route 124 in Kars to an intersection with Route 710 in Henderson Settlement, a distance of 31.3 kilometres. In 2009, the cable ferry service connecting Route 705 in Wickham to Route 102 in Hampstead was cancelled by the New Brunswick Department of Transportation.

Hampstead, New Brunswick
45°37′16″N 66°04′57″W﻿ / ﻿45.621061°N 66.082506°W﻿ / 45.621061; -66.082506

Hampstead is a community in Hampstead Parish, New Brunswick, Canada. It was settled by Loyalists from New York in 1786 and was named for Hempstead, New York.

The former local service district of Hampstead took its name from the community but included all of the parish not within CFB Gagetown.
Chase Woodlands
Chase Woodlands is a nature reserve located in Dover, Massachusetts.  The property was acquired by The Trustees of Reservations in 1993.  The reservation includes 2.5 miles of trails and is located across Farm Street from the Peters Reservation. The Charles River Link Trail crosses both reservations.

Dover, Massachusetts
Dover is a town in Norfolk County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 5,923 at the time of the 2020 United States Census.

Located about 15 miles (24 km) southwest of downtown Boston, Dover is a residential town nestled on the south banks of the Charles River. Almost all of the residential zoning requires 1 acre (4,000 m2) or larger. As recently as the early 1960s, 75% of its annual town budget was allocated to snow removal, as only one and a half miles (2.4 km) of the town's roads are state highway.

Dover is bordered by Natick, Wellesley and Needham to the north, Westwood to the east, Walpole and Medfield to the south, and Sherborn to the west.

For geographic and demographic information on the census-designated place Dover, please see the article Dover (CDP), Massachusetts.
Bengt Andersson (canoeist)
Bengt Andersson (born 6 November 1961) is a Swedish sprint canoer who competed in the 1980s. He won five medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with two golds (K-4 1000 m: 1982, 1985), two silvers (K-4 1000 m: 1987, K-4 10000 m: 1985), and a bronze (K-2 10000 m: 1983).

Andersson also competed in two Summer Olympics, earning his best finish of eighth twice (K-2 1000 m: 1984, K-4 1000 m: 1988).

ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships
The ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships are an international event in canoe racing, one of two top-tier Summer Olympic sport events organized by the International Canoe Federation (the other being the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships). They are usually held every non-Olympic year and have officially included paracanoe events since 2010; paracanoe-specific editions of this event (named ICF Paracanoe World Championships) are usually held in Summer Paralympic years.

Prior to November 2008, canoe sprint was known as flatwater racing.
Starvation response
Starvation response in animals (including humans) is a set of adaptive biochemical and physiological changes, triggered by lack of food or extreme weight loss, in which the body seeks to conserve energy by reducing metabolic rate and/or non-resting energy expenditure to prolong survival and preserve body fat and lean mass.

Equivalent or closely related terms include famine response, starvation mode, famine mode, starvation resistance, starvation tolerance, adapted starvation, adaptive thermogenesis, fat adaptation, and metabolic adaptation.

Triglyceride
A triglyceride (from tri- and glyceride; also TG, triacylglycerol, TAG, or triacylglyceride) is an ester derived from glycerol and three fatty acids.
Triglycerides are the main constituents of body fat in humans and other vertebrates as well as vegetable fat.
They are also present in the blood to enable the bidirectional transference of adipose fat and blood glucose from the liver and are a major component of human skin oils.

Many types of triglycerides exist.  One specific classification focuses on saturated and unsaturated types. Saturated fats have no C=C groups; unsaturated fats feature one or more C=C groups. Unsaturated fats tend to have a lower melting point than saturated analogues; as a result, they are often liquid at room temperature.
Mixed nuts
Mixed nuts are a snack food consisting of any mixture of mechanically or manually combined nuts. Common constituents are peanuts (actually a legume), almonds, walnuts, Brazil nuts, cashews, hazelnuts (filberts), and pecans. Mixed nuts may be salted, roasted, cooked, or blanched.

In addition to being eaten directly, mixed nuts can be used in cooking, such as for Tunisian farka, tarts, and toffee. Trail mix consists of nuts mixed with raisins and other dry ingredients.

Brazil nut
Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa) refers to a South American tree in the family Lecythidaceae as well as the tree's commercially-harvested edible seeds. It is one of the largest and longest-lived trees in the Amazon rainforest. The fruit and its nutshell – containing the edible nut – are relatively large and weigh as much as 2 kg (4.4 lb) in total. As food, Brazil nuts are notable for diverse content of micronutrients, especially a high amount of selenium. The wood of the Brazil nut tree is prized for its quality in carpentry, flooring, and heavy construction.

In 2023, Brazil and Bolivia combined produced 91% of the world total of Brazil nuts.
Nadav Safran
Nadav Safran (Arabic: نداف صفران, Hebrew: נדב ספרן; August 25, 1925, Cairo – July 5, 2003, State College, PA) was an expert in Arab and Middle East politics and a director of Harvard's Center for Middle Eastern Studies.

State College, Pennsylvania
State College is a borough and home rule municipality in Centre County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 40,501 at the 2020 census. It is a college town home to Penn State University Park, the main campus of the Pennsylvania State University.

State College is the largest borough in Pennsylvania by population. It is the principal borough of the six municipalities that make up the State College area, the largest settlement in Centre County, and one of the principal cities of the greater State College–DuBois combined statistical area which had 238,734 residents in 2020.
Pontiac Transportation Center
The Pontiac Transportation Center is an intermodal terminal station located in Pontiac, Michigan that is served by Amtrak's Michigan Services Wolverine.  The transportation center is also served by Indian Trails intercity bus service and Suburban Mobility Authority for Regional Transportation (SMART) regional bus service.

Michigan Services
Michigan Services are three Amtrak passenger rail routes connecting Chicago, Illinois with the Michigan cities of Grand Rapids, Port Huron, and Pontiac, and stations en route. The group falls under the Amtrak Midwest brand and is a component of the Midwest Regional Rail Initiative.

The Michigan Services routes are:

Blue Water (364/365): Chicago to Port Huron, Michigan

Pere Marquette (370/371): Chicago to Grand Rapids, Michigan

Wolverine (350/351/352/353/354/355): Chicago to Pontiac, Michigan

The routes carried 633,231 passengers during fiscal year 2022.

Up until fiscal year 2014, the State of Michigan only subsidized the operations of the Pere Marquette and Blue Water at a cost of $8 million in fiscal year 2014.  Starting fiscal year 2014, the state took on the costs of operations for the Wolverine pushing the state subsidy to $25 million.

No checked baggage service is available on Michigan Services routes.
Wallenstam
Wallenstam AB (publ) is a Swedish property company based in Gothenburg. Established in 1944, the company is listed on Nasdaq Stockholm, Large Cap.

In addition to its home city of Gothenburg, the company also operates in Stockholm, Uppsala and Helsingborg.

Helsingborg
Helsingborg (/ˈhɛlsɪŋbɔːrɡ/, US also /-bɔːr(jə), -bɔːri, ˌhɛlsɪŋˈbɔːri/; Swedish: [hɛlsɪŋˈbɔrj] ⓘ) is a city and the seat of Helsingborg Municipality, Scania (Skåne), Sweden. It is the second-largest city in Scania (after Malmö) and ninth-largest in Sweden, with a population of 151,404 (2024). Helsingborg is the central urban area of northwestern Scania and Sweden's closest point to Denmark: the Danish city Helsingør is clearly visible about 4 km (2.5 mi) to the west on the other side of the Øresund.

Historic Helsingborg, with its many old buildings, is a scenic coastal city. The buildings are a blend of old-style stone-built churches and a 600-year-old medieval fortress (Kärnan) in the city centre, and more modern commercial buildings. The streets vary from wide avenues to small alley-ways. Kullagatan, the main pedestrian shopping street in the city, was the first pedestrian shopping street in Sweden.
Biostatistics (journal)
Biostatistics is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering biostatistics, that is, statistics for biological and medical research.

The journals that had cited Biostatistics the most by 2008 were Biometrics, Journal of the American Statistical Association, Biometrika, Statistics in Medicine, and Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B.

Scott Zeger and Peter Diggle were the founding editors of Biostatistics.

Scott Zeger
Scott Lewis Zeger is an American biostatistician.

Zeger earned his bachelor of arts degree from the University of Pennsylvania, a master's of science in at Drexel University, and his doctorate at Princeton University. Zeger's doctoral dissertation, Frequency Domain Analyses of Spatial Time Series with Application to Ozone, was written under the direction of Peter Bloomfield, and published in 1982. Zeger is the John C. Malone Professor of Biostatistics at Johns Hopkins University.

Zeger was elected a fellow of the American Statistical Association in 1995. He was elected to membership of the National Academy of Medicine in 2006.
Peeter Mudist
Peeter Mudist (19 April 1942, Tallinn – 6 December 2013) was an Estonian painter, sculptor, and print-maker whose works have received multiple awards.  He was also a member of the Estonian Artists' Union.

Estonian Artists' Association
The Estonian Artists Association (abbreviated EAA; Estonian: Eesti Kunstnike Liit) is organization that connects artists in Estonia. The EAA's primary functions are "participating in cultural policymaking and sectoral development activities, protecting the interests of artists, curators, art historians and theorists as well as other art workers, and promoting their working conditions."

In 2025, the president is Maarin Ektermann. He took over from Elin Kard.

Every year the EAA holds the Annual Exhibition of Estonian Artists' Association.

The precursors of the EAA were the Central Association of Estonian Artists (established in 1922), the Estonian Soviet Artists Association (1943), and the Artists Association of the Estonian SSR (1957).

The EAA has several suborganizations, such as the Estonian Painters' Association (Estonian: Eesti Maalikunstnike Liit).
Dark Streets (1929 film)
Dark Streets is a 1929 American sound (All-Talking) pre-Code crime film directed by Frank Lloyd and starring Jack Mulhall and Lila Lee. The film was produced and distributed by First National Pictures. Mulhall purportedly plays the first dual role attempted in talking pictures.

Jack Mulhall
John Joseph Francis Mulhall (October 7, 1887 – June 1, 1979) was an American film actor beginning in the silent film era who successfully transitioned to sound films, appearing in over 430 films in a career spanning 50 years.
Akamas (film)
Akamas (Greek: Ακάµας) is a 2006 Cypriot feature film directed by Panicos Chrysanthou about a love affair between a Turkish Cypriot and Greek Cypriot despite their families' opposition and the intercommunal violence of the 1960s.

EOKA
The Ethniki Organosis Kyprion Agoniston (EOKA /eɪˈoʊkə/; Greek: Εθνική Οργάνωσις Κυπρίων Αγωνιστών, lit. 'National Organisation of Cypriot Fighters') was a Greek Cypriot nationalist guerrilla organization that fought a campaign for the end of British rule in Cyprus, and for eventual union with Greece.