hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Iso-damping
Iso-damping is a desirable system property referring to a state where the open-loop phase Bode plot is flat—i.e., the phase derivative with respect to the frequency is zero, at a given frequency called the "tangent frequency", .  At the "tangent frequency" the Nyquist curve of the open-loop system tangentially touches the sensitivity circle and the phase Bode is locally flat which implies that the system will be more robust to gain variations. For systems that exhibit iso-damping property, the overshoots of the closed-loop step responses will remain almost constant for different values of the controller gain. This will ensure that the closed-loop system is robust to gain variations.

The iso-damping property can be expressed as , or equivalently:

where  is the tangent frequency and  is the open-loop system transfer function.

Overshoot (signal)
In signal processing, control theory, electronics, and mathematics, overshoot is the occurrence of a signal or function exceeding its target. Undershoot is the same phenomenon in the opposite direction. It arises especially in the step response of bandlimited systems such as low-pass filters. It is often followed by ringing, and at times conflated with the latter.
Human Rights Tribunal of Quebec
The Human Rights Tribunal of Quebec (French: Tribunal des droits de la personne) is a specialized first-instance tribunal of the province of Quebec, Canada, that has the jurisdiction to hear and judge litigations concerning discrimination and harassment based on the prohibited grounds stipulated in the Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms, as well as concerning the exploitation of elderly or handicapped persons and affirmative action programs.

1000 Sherbrooke West
1000 Sherbrooke West (formerly known as Centre Mont-Royal and Place Internationale de l'Aviation) is a 28-storey, 128 m (420 ft) skyscraper at 1000 rue Sherbrooke Ouest (Sherbrooke Street West) next to Tour Scotia and opposite McTavish Street in downtown Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The tower was designed by Rosen Caruso Vecsei Architects in the Brutalist architectural style, with a concrete and glass facade. Construction was completed in 1974 and once housed the headquarters of ICAO. In 1987, the ICAO offices were the site of the signing of the Montreal Protocol, an international treaty to protect the ozone layer - an agreement considered the most effective international agreement on the environment to date. The Centre Mont-Royal conference center is located on site.
Sacrococcygeal ligament
Sacrococcygeal ligament can refer to:

Anterior sacrococcygeal ligament (ligamentum sacrococcygeum anterius)

Lateral sacrococcygeal ligament (ligamentum sacrococcygeum laterale)

Posterior sacrococcygeal ligament (ligamentum sacrococcygeum posterius)
Deep posterior of the sacrococcygeal ligament (ligamentum sacrococcygeum posterius profundum)
Superior part of the posterior sacrococcygeal ligament (ligamentum sacrococcygeum posterius superficiale)

Lateral sacrococcygeal ligament
In the human body, the lateral sacrococcygeal ligament is a bilaterally paired ligament extending between the transverse process coccyx, and the inferolateral angle of the sacrum. The ligament forms a foramen for an anterior ramus of the fifth sacral nerve (S5). The ligament may become ossified. There may be up to three lateral sacrococcygeal ligaments on either side of the sacral hiatus.
Joseph Rogers (Canadian football)
Joseph Rogers is a former all-star and award-winning Canadian Football League wide receiver.

After playing college football at Texas Southern Rogers had an all-star rookie season in 1996 with the Ottawa Rough Riders. His 73 catches, 1259 yards and 8 touchdowns won him the Frank M. Gibson Trophy as best rookie in the CFL East. He never lived up to this performance over the next 3 seasons, playing for the Winnipeg Blue Bombers, Calgary Stampeders, Edmonton Eskimos and Winnipeg again, eventually retiring after 1999.

Frank M. Gibson Trophy
The Frank M. Gibson Trophy is a Canadian Football League trophy, given to the most outstanding rookie in the East Division.  Each team from the East Division nominates a candidate from which a winner is chosen, and either this winner or the winner of the Jackie Parker Trophy will receive the Canadian Football League Most Outstanding Rookie Award.

Prior to 1973, the Gruen Trophy was originally awarded to the East's Most Outstanding Canadian Rookie before being retired.

In 1995, as part of the failed American expansion, the Gibson Trophy was given to the most outstanding rookie in the South Division.
Metro Cinema (Derby)
The Metro Cinema was an independent cinema in Derby, United Kingdom, with one screen. It showed many independent, arthouse and foreign films, as well as some older mainstream films.

For most of its life, the cinema was located on Green Lane, but it relocated to the University of Derby campus in 2007. In 2008, it closed, in preparation for a move to the new Derby QUAD development in the city centre.

University of Derby
The University of Derby, formerly known as Derby College, is a public university in the city of Derby, England. It traces its history back to the establishment of the Derby Diocesan Institution for the training of schoolmistresses in 1851. It gained university status in 1992.

The university provides over 300 study programmes at undergraduate level. Undergraduate programmes as well as short courses, foundation degrees and postgraduate degrees cover most academic disciplines and sub-disciplines. Currently, the university is home to around 34,000 students in all areas of study.
Ponaschemu
Ponaschemu [lit. 'among us'  or 'our way'] is a mixed language that was formed by mixing German and Lower Sorbian. Sometimes it is taken as a dialect of German.

By definition, some linguists would call Ponaschemu not a mixed language (= intertwined language) but rather a code mixing and/or code switching of the last bilingual generation in the formerly monolingual community in Lower Lusatia. At an early stage, the embedding language was Lower Sorbian and laterly Lusatian German substituted by the variety of Berlin.

It was used extensively until the 1950s, especially in Spreewald, in the villages where the Germans and the Sorbs were living together. Today, only about 500 people speak Ponaschemu.

German dialects
German dialects are the various traditional local varieties of the German language. Though varied by region, those of the southern half of Germany beneath the Benrath line are dominated by the geographical spread of the High German consonant shift, and the dialect continuum that connects High German to the neighboring varieties of Low Franconian (Dutch) and Low German.

The varieties of German are conventionally grouped into Upper German, Central German and Low German; Upper and Central German form the High German subgroup. Standard German is a standardized form of High German, developed in the early modern period based on a combination of Central German and Upper German varieties.
Tyack
Tyack or Tyacke is a Cornish surname. It is an ancient surname and the Tyacks were landowners at an early period. It is thought to be derived from a Celtic word for ploughman. William Tyack was escheator of the Leeward Islands in the reign of James II. The Tyackes of St Breock bore the arms: Arg. a fesse (or a chevron) between three bears' heads couped Sa.

Other bearers of the name:

Dave Tyack, German musician

David Tyack, American academic, Professor of Education

Major General David Tyacke, British Army officer

Jim Tyack, baseball player

Les Tyack, Australian politician

Ryan Tyack, Australian archer

Sarah Tyacke, British historian of cartography

Sarah Tyacke
Sarah Jacqueline Tyacke, CB, FSA, FRHistS, FRGS (née Jeacock; born 29 September 1945) is an English historian of cartography and travel and a former librarian and archivist. From 1991 to 2005 she served as Keeper of Public Records and chief executive of the UK Public Record Office, overseeing its transition to be the new National Archives in 2003.
Hood By Air
Hood By Air (often stylized as HBA) was a fashion and streetwear brand based in New York City co-founded by designers Shayne Oliver and Raul Lopez. It was launched in 2006 and took a hiatus from 2017 to 2019. Oliver left the brand in 2023.

Streetwear
Streetwear is a style of casual clothing that gained global popularity in the 1990s. Emerging from the fusion of New York hip-hop fashion and Californian surf culture, it evolved to incorporate elements of sportswear, punk, skateboarding, 1980s nostalgia, and Japanese street fashion.

Streetwear is commonly linked to exclusivity, as many brands limit production through artificial scarcity to drive demand. This has led to practices such as limited edition releases and resale markets. In the 21st century, streetwear intersected with haute couture, as luxury fashion houses adopted streetwear influences, while streetwear brands incorporated aspects of high fashion including runway presentation, designer collaborations, and premium branding.
Matthias Theodor Vogt
Matthias Theodor Vogt (born 5 May 1959) is a German academic with a focus on cultural policy and an author of studies on cultural conditions that might serve to strengthen the democratic potential in diverse European countries. Between 1992 and 1995, Vogt developed the overall blueprint for the Free State of Saxony’s law on cultural areas, and contributed to its acceptance and implementation. Since 1994 he has acted as the founding director of the Saxonian Institute for Cultural Infrastructure (Institut für kulturelle Infrastruktur Sachsen) and since 1997 has been Professor for Cultural Policy and Cultural History at the Zittau/Görlitz University of Applied Sciences (Hochschule Zittau/Görlitz). In 2012, Vogt was made honorary professor of the University of Pécs and in 2014 was awarded the Officer’s Cross of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland for his contributions to German-Polish cooperation. Matthias Theodor Vogt is a Roman Catholic; he is married and has three children.

Order of Merit
The Order of Merit (French: Ordre du Mérite) is an order of merit for the Commonwealth realms, recognising distinguished service in the armed forces, science, art, literature, or the promotion of culture. Established in 1902 by Edward VII, admission into the order remains the personal gift of its Sovereign—currently Edward VII's great-great-grandson Charles III—and is restricted to a maximum of 24 living recipients from the Commonwealth realms, plus honorary members. While all members are awarded the right to use the post-nominal letters OM and wear the badge of the order, the Order of Merit's precedence among other honours differs between countries.
Chris Whitmire
Chris Whitmire (born February 2, 1968) is an American politician who served in the North Carolina House of Representatives representing the 113th district (including constituents in Henderson, Polk, and Transylvania counties) from 2013 to 2017. A retired Colonel in the US Air Force, Whitmire also previously served on the Transylvania County Board of Education.

North Carolina House of Representatives
The North Carolina House of Representatives is one of the two houses of the North Carolina General Assembly. The House is a 120-member body led by a Speaker of the House, who holds powers similar to those of the President pro-tem in the North Carolina Senate. Representatives serve two-year terms.

The qualifications to be a member of the House are found in the state Constitution: "Each Representative, at the time of his election, shall be a qualified voter of the State, and shall have resided in the district for which he is chosen for one year immediately preceding his election." Elsewhere, the constitution specifies that qualified voters that are 21 are eligible for candidacy except if otherwise disqualified by the constitution, and that no elected officials may deny the existence of God, although the latter provision is no longer enforced.

Prior to the Constitution of 1868, the lower house of the North Carolina Legislature was known as the North Carolina House of Commons.
National Bank of Romania
The National Bank of Romania (Romanian: Banca Națională a României, BNR) is the central bank of Romania, established in April 1880 and headquartered in Bucharest. It is responsible for the issue of the Romanian leu and as such it sets the monetary policy, holds the currency reserves and manages the exchange rate.

Under European Union policy frameworks, the BNR is a voting member of the Board of Supervisors of the European Banking Authority (EBA). European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority (EIOPA), and European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA). It also provides the permanent single common representative for Romania in the Supervisory composition of the General Board of the Anti-Money Laundering Authority (AMLA). It is also a member of the European Systemic Risk Board (ESRB).

European Securities and Markets Authority
The European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) is an agency of the European Union located in Paris.

ESMA replaced the Committee of European Securities Regulators (CESR) on 1 January 2011. It is one of three European Supervisory Authorities set up within the European System of Financial Supervision in Paris, together with the European Banking Authority (EBA) also in Paris and the European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority (EIOPA) in Frankfurt.
Ga'dang language
Ga'dang or Gâdang is an Austronesian language spoken in Northern Luzon, Philippines particularly in Paracelis, Mountain Province, Luzon; Alfonso Lista, Ifugao; and Tabuk, Kalinga. There are some residents of speakers in Aurora and Nueva Vizcaya. Many Ga'dang speakers speak Ilocano as their second language.

Tabuk, Kalinga
Tabuk, officially the City of Tabuk (Ilocano: Siudad ti Tabuk; Filipino: Lungsod ng Tabuk), is a component city and capital of the province of Kalinga, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 122,771 people, making it the most populous in the province and second in the region after Baguio City.

According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 122,771 people.
Alexander Hamilton (Australian politician)
Alexander Hamilton (1816 – 31 January 1869) was a Scottish-born Australian politician.

He was born at Greenock, the son of Hugh Hamilton. He migrated to New South Wales around 1839 and became a squatter in the Monaro district. In 1859 he was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for Monaro, but he retired in 1860. Hamilton died at Woolway Station near Cooma in 1869.

Squatting (Australian history)
In the history of Australia, squatting was the act of occupying tracts of Crown land, typically to graze livestock. Though most squatters initially held no legal rights to the land they occupied, the majority were gradually recognised by successive colonial authorities as the legitimate owners of the land due to being among the first (and often only) white settlers in their area. The term squattocracy, a play on aristocracy, was coined to refer to squatters as a social class and the immense sociopolitical power they possessed.
Dominica national football team results
The Dominica national football team represents Dominica in international football under the control of the Dominica Football Association (DFA). Although a Dominica representative team had played previously, the football association was founded in 1970. It became fully affiliated to FIFA and CONCACAF in 1994.

The following list contains all results of Dominica's official matches.

Dominica Football Association
The Dominica Football Association is the governing body of football in Dominica.

The Dominica national football team is the national team of Dominica and is controlled by the Dominica Football Association. The national league of Dominica is the Dominica Championship.

In June 2012, the President of the DFA was removed from his role by the association's members until the end of his term in 2015 for his part in the Caribbean Football Union corruption scandal.
Type 912 degaussing/deperming ship
Type 912 degaussing/deperming ship (ADG) is a type of little known auxiliary ships built in the People's Republic of China (PRC) for the People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN), and this class has several derivatives. As of 2022, Type 912 is the most numerous degaussing/deperming ship in PLAN, and the longest serving degaussing/deperming ships in PLAN, until its successor type 911 finally begun to appear in early 2010s.

North Sea Fleet
The North Sea Fleet (NSF; 北海舰队), concurrently the Northern Theater Command Navy (北部战区海军), is one of the three fleets of China's People's Liberation Army Navy. Headquartered in Qingdao, Shandong, the fleet provides naval forces to the Northern Theater Command.

In September 1950, the Qingdao Army Base was redesignated as a naval base. Following the departure of the Soviet Navy from Lüshunkou (Port Arthur), the North Sea Fleet was established in 1960 with naval bases in Qingdao and Lüshunkou.

The fleet currently includes China's first aircraft carrier, Liaoning, as well as nuclear-powered attack and missile submarines.

The North Sea Fleet was historically the most capable of the Navy's three fleets, being the first in China to operate destroyers, shore-based missiles and nuclear submarines. In recent years however, the shift in strengthening of importance and strategic capabilities of the East and South Sea Fleets are more prioritised.
Cho Kyoung-hee
Cho Kyoung-hee (Korean: 조경희; RR: Jo Gyeonghui, born 26 August 1962) is a South Korean retired para table tennis player. She won a silver medal at the 2012 Summer Paralympics at age 50.

She began playing table tennis in 2005 at age 43, when a doctor advised her to exercise.

Para table tennis
Para table tennis is a parasport that follows the rules set by the International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF).  The usual table tennis rules are in effect with slight modifications for wheelchair athletes. Athletes from disability groups can take part. Athletes receive classifications between 1 and 11. Classes 1–5 are for those in wheelchairs and classes 6–10 for those who have disabilities that allow them to play standing. Within those groups, the higher classification means the more function the athlete has. Class 11 is defined for players with an intellectual disability.
Saint Mary's Tower
Saint Mary's Tower (Maltese: Torri ta' Santa Marija), also known as the Comino Tower (Maltese: Torri ta' Kemmuna), is a large bastioned watchtower on the island of Comino in Malta. It was built in 1618, the fifth of six Wignacourt towers. The tower was used by the Armed Forces of Malta until 2002, and it is now in the hands of Din l-Art Ħelwa.

The tower is a prominent landmark of Comino, and can be clearly seen from both Malta and Gozo, as well as from the ferry between the islands.

Watchtower
A watchtower or guardtower (also spelled watch tower, guard tower) is a type of military/paramilitary or policiary tower used for guarding an area. Sometimes fortified, and armed with heavy weaponry, especially historically, the structures are built in areas of established control. These include military bases, cities occupied by military forces, prisons and more. A common equipment is searchlights.

It differs from a regular tower in that its primary use is military/policiary and from a turret in that it is usually a freestanding structure. Its main purpose is to provide a high, safe place from which a sentinel or guard may observe the surrounding area. In some cases, non-military towers, such as religious towers, may also be used as watchtowers.

Similar constructions include: observation towers and belvederes, which are generally civilian structures, and control towers, used on airports or harbours.
Wing Chun (TV series)
Wing Chun (Chinese: 詠春) is a 2006 TVB TV series starring Nicholas Tse. The series concluded filming in 2007. It featured actors Nicholas Tse, Yuen Biao, Anson Leung, Ji Chunhua, Sammo Hung and his youngest son, Sammy Hung.

Ji Chunhua
Ji Chunhua (Chinese: 计春华; 20 July 1961 – 11 July 2018), sometimes romanized as Gai Chun Wa, was a Chinese actor and action choreographer. Just like Jet Li and Yu Chenghui, he was a Mainland China-trained wushu athlete who started his acting career in the 1982 Hong Kong martial arts blockbuster Shaolin Temple.

Ji had alopecia totalis and often appeared as bald villains in movies (many starring Jet Li) and TV series.
La Fattoria season 2
La Fattoria 2 is the second season of The Farm was held in 2005, and is one that has undergone major changes. It aired from March 16, 2005 on Canale 5 (the last season was aired on Italia 1) with the conduction of Barbara D'Urso, who has replaced Daria Bignardi as happened previously in the conduct of Grande Fratello. As posted in the location, a ranch in Brazil, was chosen Pupo.

The edition was won by Raffaello Tonon, who clashed for the final victory Sunday, May 29 with singer Mal and Patrizia Rossetti, with whom he befriended in the transmission, the final was followed by 5.696 million (with 31.58% share).

Italia 1
Italia 1 (Italian pronunciation [iˈtaːlja ˈuːno]) is an Italian free-to-air television channel on the Mediaset network, owned by MFE - MediaForEurope. It is aimed at both a young adult and adult audience.

Italia 1 was launched on 3 January 1982 and, was originally owned by Rusconi; after a few months, however, due to the aggressive dumping practices of Silvio Berlusconi's rival network Canale 5, Rusconi was forced to sell the majority of his company to Fininvest, allowing Berlusconi to further strengthen his media holdings.
Tamil Nadu Premier League
The Tamil Nadu Premier League (TNPL) is an annual men's Twenty20 cricket league held in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is organised by the Tamil Nadu Cricket Association and contested by eight city-based franchise teams from the state. The inaugural season was held in 2016, and nine seasons have been contested till 2025.

Tiruppur Tamizhans are the defending champions, having won their first title in 2025. Chepauk Super Gillies is the most successful team with four titles.

Professional sports league organization
Professional sports leagues are organized in numerous ways. The two most significant types are one that developed in Europe, characterized by a tiered structure using promotion and relegation in order to determine participation in a hierarchy of leagues or divisions, and a North American originated model characterized by its use of franchises, closed memberships, and minor leagues. Both these systems remain most common in their area of origin, although both systems are used worldwide..
Minginui
Minginui is a town in Whakatāne District and Bay of Plenty Region on New Zealand's North Island.

The Whirinaki Te Pua-a-Tāne Conservation Park is located near the town.

In 1978, there was confrontation between the local community and conservationists over native forest logging in the park, then known as Whirinaki State Forest. Four bus loads of conservationists arrived in Minginui from an ECO conference being held in Taupō. The local residents barricaded the road leading to the forest preventing a planned bush walk.

Taupō
Taupō, sometimes written Taupo, is a town located in the central North Island of New Zealand. It is situated on the edge of Lake Taupō, which is the largest freshwater lake in New Zealand. Taupō was constituted as a borough in 1953. It has been the seat of Taupō District Council since the council was formed in 1989.

Taupō is the largest urban area of the Taupō District, and the second-largest urban area in the Waikato region, behind Hamilton. It has a population of approximately 26,600 (June 2024). Taupō is known for its natural beauty, with the surrounding area offering a range of outdoor recreational activities such as hiking, fishing, skiing, and water sports. Visitors can also enjoy a variety of attractions, including the Wairakei Power Station, Huka Falls, and the Tongariro National Park.