hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
École normale supérieure William Ponty
École William Ponty was a government teachers' college in French West Africa, in what is now Senegal. The school is now in Kolda, Senegal, where it is currently known as École de formation d’instituteurs William Ponty. It is associated with the French university IUFM at Livry-Gargan (France).

Institut Universitaire de Formation des Maîtres
The Institut Universitaire de Formation des Maîtres (IUFM; English: University Institute for Teachers Training) was an institution in each French teaching Academy (one for each region) which specialised in the training of primary and secondary teachers.

IUFMs were created in 1990, replacing the Normal school. Detractors object to the IUFM practice of using primary school training methods for secondary school training. Other criticism has focused on ideological concerns. Although there is considerable variety of approach between the different establishments, candidates should be aware of ideological factors when applying.
Kulkwitzer See
The Kulkwitzer See (Lake Kulkwitz), colloquially called Kulki, is a lake in the western part of Saxony, Germany. The lake is a part of the Central German Lake District.

Kulkwitzer See emerged from two former lignite opencast mining areas southwest of Leipzig. Coal was mined here from 1864, first underground and from 1937 in opencast mining. The two remaining opencast mines were flooded from 1963 and opened in 1973 as a local recreation area.

Recreation area
A recreational area, alternatively called a recreation area, is a type of protected area (possibly by municipal zoning in some jurisdictions), that is designated solely for recreational activities.

Such leisure areas could be parkland, forested areas, beaches, hiking or walking trails, and the like.
National Highway 133 (India)
National Highway 133, commonly called NH 133 is a national highway in  India. It is a spur road of National Highway 33. NH-133 traverses the states of Jharkhand and Bihar in India. The highway is 134 km (83 mi) long. The highway connects Godda in Jharkhand with Pirpainti in Bihar.

Spur route
A spur route is a short road forming a branch from a longer, more important road such as a freeway, Interstate Highway, or motorway. A bypass or beltway is not considered a  spur route as it typically reconnects with another or the same major road.
Carolina Betancourt
Carolina Betancourt (born 30 October 1981) is a Mexican former tennis player.

She has a career-high singles WTA ranking of 561, achieved on 2 March 2015. On 14 September 2015, Betancourt peaked at No. 402 in the doubles rankings. She won one singles title and four doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit.

Betancourt made her WTA Tour main-draw debut at the 2011 Mexican Open in the doubles event, partnering Giovanna Manifacio and losing in the first round.

Playing for Mexico Fed Cup team, Betancourt has a win–loss record of 2–1.

WTA rankings
The WTA rankings are the ratings defined by the Women's Tennis Association, introduced in November 1975. The computer that calculates the ranking is nicknamed "Medusa".

Aryna Sabalenka is the current world No. 1 in women's singles.
Lead compound
A lead compound (/ˈliːd/, i.e., a "leading" compound; not to be confused with various compounds of the element lead) in drug discovery is a chemical compound that has pharma­co­logical or biological activity likely to be therapeutically useful, but may never­the­less have suboptimal structure that requires modification to fit better to the target; lead drugs offer the prospect of being followed by "back-up" compounds. The chemical structure serves as a starting point for chemical modifications in order to improve potency, selectivity, or pharma­co­kinetic parameters. Furthermore, newly-invented pharma­co­logically active moieties may have poor druglikeness and may require chemical modification to become "drug-like" enough to be tested biologically or clinically.

Lead compounds are sometimes called developmental candidates. This is because the discovery and selection of lead compounds occurs prior to preclinical and clinical development of the candidate.

Potency (pharmacology)
In pharmacology, potency or biological potency is a measure of a drug's biological activity expressed in terms of the dose required to produce a pharmacological effect of given intensity. A highly potent drug (e.g., fentanyl, clonazepam, risperidone, benperidol, bumetanide) evokes a given response at low concentrations, while a drug of lower potency (e.g. morphine, diazepam, ziprasidone, haloperidol, furosemide) evokes the same response only at higher concentrations. Higher potency does not necessarily mean greater effectiveness nor more side effects nor less side effects.
Isaac Ward
Isaac "Argy" Ward (born 7 April 1977) is an English amateur featherweight and professional super bantamweight boxer.

Ward was born in Darlington. As an amateur, he was runner-up for the 2000 Amateur Boxing Association of England (ABAE) featherweight title, against David Mullholland (Salisbury ABC), boxing out of Darlington ABC, and as a professional won the Commonwealth super bantamweight title.  He was a challenger for the British Boxing Board of Control (BBBofC) British bantamweight title, against Martin Power.

Darlington
Darlington is a market town in the Borough of Darlington, County Durham, England. It lies on the River Skerne, 13 miles (21 km) west of Middlesbrough and 17 miles (27 km) south of Durham. Darlington had a population of 107,800 at the 2021 Census, making it a "large town" and one of the largest settlements in North East England. The town is linked to London, Leeds, York, Newcastle and Edinburgh by the East Coast Main Line railway and the A1 road.
Penn Manam
Penn Manam (transl. Female Mentality) is a 1952 Indian Tamil-language drama film directed and produced by S. Soundararajan. The film stars T. K. Shanmugam and M. V. Rajamma. It was released on 5 December 1952.

T. K. Shanmugam
Thiruvananthapuram Kannuswamy Shanmugam (1912–1973; also known as "Avvai" T. K. Shanmugam) was a Tamil theatre and film artist. He acquired the prefix "Avvai" after portraying saint-poet Avvaiyar in a play.
Judson S. Swearingen
Dr. Judson S. Swearingen (January 11, 1907 – September 5, 1999) was a theoretician, hands-on manager, inventor and entrepreneur.  He made major contributions to the technology of cryogenic expanders, compressors, and to the design of shaft seals for high-speed machinery.

He received his Ph.D. from the University of Texas (UT) in 1933. Prior to joining the UT faculty in 1939 he was an entrepreneur and co-owned a small cracking plant and a natural gasoline plant.

In December 1942, Swearington invented the leak proof seal essential to the successful operation of the K-25 Gaseous Diffusion Plant in Oak Ridge, TN.

Swearingen was a member of the National Academy of Engineering beginning in 1977.

Natural gasoline
Natural gasoline is a liquid hydrocarbon mixture condensed from natural gas, similar to common gasoline (petrol) derived from petroleum.

The chemical composition of natural gasoline is mostly five- and six-carbon alkanes (pentanes and hexanes) with smaller amounts of alkanes with longer chains. It contains significant amounts of isopentane (methyl butane) CH(CH3)2(C2H5), which is rare in the petroleum product. Its boiling point is within the standard range for gasoline, and its vapor pressure is intermediate between those of natural gas condensate (drip gas) and liquefied petroleum gas.  Its typical gravity is around 80 API.

Natural gasoline is rather volatile and unstable, and has a low octane rating, but can be blended with other hydrocarbons to produce commercial gasoline.  It is also used as a solvent to extract oil from oil shale. Its properties are standardized by GPA Midstream (formerly Gas Processors Association).
Trinetreshwar Temple
Trineteshwar temple (Devanagari: त्रिनेतेश्वर महादेव मंदिर) is a Shiva temple of Pratihara style, located in the Tarnetar village of Surendranagar district, Gujarat. It was built by Mihira Bhoja in the eighth century. The temple is known for its annual fair, Trinetreshwar Mahadev Mela.

Mihira Bhoja
Mihira Bhoja (r. c. 836 – c. 885 CE) or Bhoja I was the Pratiharan  Emperor from 836 to 885 CE. He inherited a weakened realm in an adverse situation from his father, Ramabhadra. However, his capable reign transformed it into a large and prosperous empire. Bhoja was a devotee of Vishnu and adopted the title of Ādivarāha, which is inscribed on some of his coins.. One of the outstanding political figures of India in the ninth century, he ranks with Dhruva Dharavarsha and Dharmapala as a great general and empire builder.

At its height, Bhoja's empire extended to the Narmada River in the south, the Sutlej River in the northwest, and up to Bengal in the east. It extended over a large area from the foot of the Himalayas up to the river Narmada and included the present district of Etawah in Uttar Pradesh.
First Congregational Church of Bay Shore
First Congregational Church of Bay Shore is a historic Congregational church complex at 1860 Union Boulevard (SCR 50) on the corner of First Street at Bay Shore, Suffolk County, New York, United States.  Contributing elements of the complex consists of three attached units: the 1891 Romanesque Revival / Shingle Style church and rectory. The church is a cruciform plan, gable roofed structure that features a square bell tower and porte cochere. The interior of the church features a variation on the Akron plan configuration. It was designed by Stephenson & Greene of New York.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.

Bay Shore, New York
Bay Shore is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in the Town of Islip, New York, United States. It is situated on the South Shore of Long Island, adjoining the Great South Bay. The population of the CDP was 29,244 at the time of the 2020 census.
Culdesac Lake
Culdesac Lake is a lake in the Canadian provinces of Saskatchewan and Manitoba. It is situated in the Saskatchewan River Delta and is in the Mid-Boreal Lowland ecoregion. It is surrounded by muskeg and boreal forest. Its primary inflow is from a channel connected to Culdesac River, which is a tributary of the Carrot River. An outlet from the eastern end of Culdesac Lake connects it to the Pasquia River — a tributary of the Saskatchewan River. The lake falls within the Cumberland Marshes (SK 102) Important Bird Area of Canada.

Most of Culdesac Lake is in the RM of Hudson Bay No. 394 in Saskatchewan while only the eastern most end is in Northern Manitoba. There are no communities along the lake's shore and Highway 9 is the closest highway. On the northern shore is a Saskatchewan provincial recreation site.

Muskeg
Muskeg (Ojibwe: mashkiig; Cree: maskīk; French: fondrière de mousse, lit. moss bog) is a peat-forming ecosystem found in several northern climates, most commonly in Arctic and boreal areas. Muskeg is approximately synonymous with bog or peatland, and is a standard term in Canada and Alaska. The term became common in these areas because it is of Cree origin, maskek (ᒪᐢᑫᐠ) meaning "low-lying marsh".

Muskeg consists of non-living organic material in various states of decomposition (as peat), ranging from fairly intact sphagnum moss, to sedge peat, to highly decomposed humus. Pieces of wood can make up five to fifteen percent of the peat soil. The water table tends to be near the surface. The sphagnum moss forming it can hold fifteen to thirty times its own weight in water, which allows the spongy wet muskeg to also form on sloping ground.

Muskeg patches are ideal habitats for beavers, pitcher plants, agaric mushrooms and a variety of other organisms.
Springfield National Cemetery
Springfield National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery located in the city of Springfield, in Greene County, Missouri. Administered by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs, it encompasses 18.1 acres (7.3 ha), and as of the end of 2005, had 14,685 interments.

Greene County, Missouri
Greene County is located in the southwest part of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, its population was 298,915. making it the fourth most-populous county in Missouri and the most populous outside the Kansas City or Saint Louis metropolitan areas.

Its county seat and most-populous city is Springfield. The county was organized in 1833 and is named after American Revolutionary War General Nathanael Greene. Greene County is included in the Springfield metropolitan area. It is in the area of the Ozark Mountains and foothills.
The Rise of Silas Lapham
The Rise of Silas Lapham is a realist novel by William Dean Howells published in 1885. The story follows the materialistic rise of Silas Lapham from rags to riches, and his ensuing moral susceptibility. Silas earns a fortune in the paint business, but he lacks social standards, which he tries to attain through his daughter's marriage into the aristocratic Corey family. Silas' morality does not fail him. He loses his money but makes the right moral decision when his partner proposes the unethical selling of the mills to English settlers.

Howells is known to be the father of American realism, and a denouncer of the sentimental novel. The resolution of the love triangle of Irene Lapham, Tom Corey, and Penelope Lapham highlights Howells' rejection of the conventions of sentimental romantic novels as unrealistic and deceitful.

Materialism
In philosophy and metaphysics, materialism is a form of monism holding that matter is the fundamental substance of nature, so that all things, including mind and consciousness, arise from material interactions and depend on physical processes, including those of the human brain and nervous system. It contrasts with monistic idealism, which treats consciousness as fundamental, and is related to naturalism, the view that only natural laws and forces operate in the universe, and to physicalism, the view that all that exists is ultimately physical. Physicalism extends materialism by including forms of physicality beyond ordinary matter (e.g. spacetime, energy, forces, exotic matter), and some use the terms interchangeably.

Alternative philosophies opposed or alternative to materialism or physicalism include idealism, pluralism, dualism, solipsism, panpsychism, and other forms of monism.
Alfie Lewis
Alfie Lewis (born 28 September 1999) is an English professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Isthmian League Premier Division club Aveley. He has previously played for West Ham United, St Patrick's Athletic, Plymouth Argyle and Dundalk.

Isthmian League
The Isthmian League (/ˈɪs(θ)miən/) is a regional football league covering Greater London, East and South East England, featuring mostly semi-professional clubs. Together with the Southern Football League and the Northern Premier League it forms levels seven and eight of the English football league system.

Founded in 1905 by amateur clubs in the London area, the league now consists of 88 teams in four divisions: the Premier Division above its three feeder divisions, the North, South Central and South East divisions.
Together with the Southern League and the Northern Premier League, it forms the seventh and eighth levels of the English football league system. It has various regional feeder leagues and the league as a whole is a feeder league mainly to the National League South.
Shazia Marri
Shazia Atta Marri (Urdu: شازیہ عطا مری; born 8 October 1966), also known as Shazia Jannat Marri, is a Pakistani politician, former Federal Minister and Chairperson of Benazir Income Support Programme. She has been a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan since February 2024 and previously served in this position from July 2012 to August 2013, from August 2013 to May 2018, and from August 2018 till August 2023. She was the Minister for Poverty Alleviation and Social Safety from April 2022 to August 2023.

Provincial Assembly of Sindh
The Provincial Assembly of Sindh is a unicameral legislature of elected representatives of the Pakistani province of Sindh, and is located in Karachi, its provincial capital. It was established under Article 106 of the Constitution of Pakistan having a total of 168 seats, with 130 general seats, 29 seats reserved for women and 9 seats reserved for non-Muslims.

There was previously a Sind Legislative Assembly in the 
Sind Province of British India and in the early years of the state of Pakistan.
Colpodella
Colpodella is a genus of alveolates comprising five species, and two further possible species: They share all the synapomorphies of apicomplexans, but are free-living, rather than parasitic. Many members of this genus were previously assigned to a different genus - Spiromonas.

The type species is Colpodella pugnax Cienkowski 1865.

Apomorphy and synapomorphy
In phylogenetics, an apomorphy (or derived trait) is a novel character or character state that has evolved from its ancestral form (or plesiomorphy). A synapomorphy is an apomorphy shared by two or more taxa and is therefore hypothesized to have evolved in their most recent common ancestor.

In cladistics, synapomorphy implies homology.

Examples of apomorphy are the presence of erect gait, fur, the evolution of three middle ear bones, and mammary glands in mammals but not in other vertebrate animals, such as amphibians or reptiles, which have retained their ancestral traits of a sprawling gait and lack of fur. Thus, these derived traits are also synapomorphies of mammals in general as they are not shared by other vertebrate animals.
Roscoe Wilson
Alfred Roscoe Wilson OBE (1882-1964) was the Anglican Dean of Melbourne from 1947 until 1953.

Wilson was educated at the University of Melbourne and ordained in 1909. His first post was as the Minister at Ivanhoe. After this he was at Balwyn and then Camberwell. He was Rural Dean of Hawthorn from 1925 to 1934; the incumbent at Kew from 1934 to 1944; and Archdeacon of Kew from 1942 until 1947.

Hawthorn, Victoria
Hawthorn is an inner suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) east of Melbourne's central business district, located within the City of Boroondara local government area. Hawthorn recorded a population of 22,322 at the 2021 census.
Aleš Gorza
Aleš Gorza (born 20 July 1980) is a retired Slovenian alpine skier.

Gorza represented Slovenia at the 2006 Winter Olympics.  His World Cup debut was on 21 December 2001 in Kranjska Gora. His best results so far are two 3rd places in Super-G, one in Whistler, British Columbia and in Bormio, Italy, in 2008.

He retired in 2012 after being dropped from Slovenian national ski team.

Whistler, British Columbia
Whistler is a resort municipality in Squamish-Lillooet Regional District, British Columbia, Canada. It is located in the southern Pacific Ranges of the Coast Mountains, approximately 125 kilometres (78 mi) north of Vancouver and 36 km (22 mi) south of Pemberton. It has a permanent population of approximately 13,982 (2021), and 3,241 seasonal residents (estimated).

Over two million people visit Whistler annually, primarily for alpine skiing and snowboarding and, in the summer, mountain biking at Whistler Blackcomb. Its pedestrian village has won numerous design awards, and Whistler has been voted among the top destinations in North America by major ski magazines since the mid-1990s. During the 2010 Winter Olympics, Whistler hosted most of the alpine, Nordic, luge, skeleton, and bobsled events.
Jingellic
Jingellic /dʒɪnˈdʒɛlɪk/ is a small town that straddles the boundaries of the Greater Hume Shire and Snowy Valleys Council local government areas in the South West Slopes region of New South Wales, Australia. The town is located near a crossing on the upper Murray River.

Across the river on the Victorian side are the nearby towns of Walwa and Tintaldra. The Bridge Hotel at Jingellic is well known in the district. Below the hotel is a camping ground on the banks of the river.

Greater Hume Shire
Greater Hume Shire is a local government area in the Riverina region of southern New South Wales, Australia. The Shire was formed in 2004 incorporating Culcairn Shire, the majority of Holbrook Shire and part of Hume Shire. The shire had an estimated population of 10,137 as at 2012.

The Shire is located adjacent to the Hume, Olympic and Riverina Highways and the Sydney–Melbourne railway.

The mayor of the Greater Hume Shire Council is Cr. Heather Wilton, an independent politician.
Yettel
Yettel is a brand of telecommunications operators operating in several countries, of the PPF Group, which has acquired them from Telenor in 2018.
Since 2024, they are owned by e& PPF Telecom Group (formed from PPF Group partnership with e&).

These are:

Yettel Bulgaria (formerly Telenor and Globul), Bulgarian telecommunications company

Yettel Hungary (formerly Telenor, Pannon and Pannon GSM), Hungarian telecommunications company

Yettel Serbia (formerly Mobtel, Mobi 63 and Telenor), Serbian telecommunications company

Yettel Bulgaria
Yettel Bulgaria (formerly known as Telenor Bulgaria) is the third largest mobile network and the third largest fixed telecommunications company in Bulgaria. The company was founded under the name "Cosmo Bulgaria Mobile" in 2001 by OTE and operated under the brand name "Globul" until 2014. In 2013 it was bought by Telenor and changed its name. In August 2018, the company was acquired by PPF, a Czech private investment fund. The company continued to use the Telenor brand until 1 March 2022, when it was renamed to Yettel Bulgaria. In February 2024, the company was acquired by e& (Etisalat), and the merger was approved by Bulgaria's competition watchdog. However the branding of Yettel has not yet been changed.
Radio Song
"Radio Song" is a song by American rock band R.E.M., released as the fourth single from their seventh album, Out of Time (1991), where it appears as the opening track. Lead singer Michael Stipe once said that he hoped everyone had enough sense of humor to realize that he was "kind of taking the piss of everyone," himself included. Stipe also asked KRS-One, leader of Boogie Down Productions (of which Stipe was a fan), to contribute to the track. He provides some backing vocals for the track, as well as a closing rap, and appears prominently in the video.

Reg Presley
Reginald Maurice Ball (12 June 1941 – 4 February 2013), known professionally as Reg Presley, was an English singer and songwriter. He was the lead singer with the 1960s rock and roll band the Troggs, whose hits included "Wild Thing" (#1 on the Hot 100 on 30 July – 6 August 1966) and "With a Girl Like You" (#1 on the UK Official Singles Chart on 4–11 August 1966). He wrote the song "Love Is All Around", which was featured in the films Four Weddings and a Funeral and Love Actually.
Melvins vs. Minneapolis
Melvins vs. Minneapolis is a nine-disc live album by American rock band the Melvins, released in 2008 via Amphetamine Reptile Records and Burlesque of North America Records, and has been recorded across a five-year period, from 2000 to 2006.

Amphetamine Reptile Records
Amphetamine Reptile Records (or AmRep Industries) is a record label founded in 1986 by Tom Hazelmyer in Washington state. The label specializes in noise rock and also released Strap It On, the debut album by alternative metal band  Helmet which sold more than 40,000 records. According to Hazelmyer, the success of the album was vital to keeping AmRep going throughout the 1990s, as it "helped support the other things that sold less." The label was the subject of the 2015 documentary The Color of Noise.