hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Idylwild Park
Idylwild Park was a park located on the Speed River in what is now Cambridge, Ontario, Canada. It attracted people from across Southwestern Ontario and the Golden Horseshoe, via the Grand Trunk Railway and the Galt, Preston & Hespeler (GP&H) Street Railway.

Idylwild fell between the Town of Preston and the Town of Hespeler, just north of where the MacDonald-Cartier Freeway crosses the river today.

Southwestern Ontario
Southwestern Ontario (census population 2,796,367 in 2021) is a secondary region of Southern Ontario in the Canadian province of Ontario. It occupies most of the Ontario Peninsula, bounded by Lake Huron (including Georgian Bay) to the north and northwest, the St. Clair River, Lake St. Clair, and Detroit River to the west, and Lake Erie to the south. To the east, on land, Southwestern Ontario is bounded by Central Ontario and the Golden Horseshoe. It borders the United States via Michigan.
Quercus subg. Quercus
Quercus subgenus Quercus is one of the two subgenera into which the genus Quercus was divided in a 2017 classification (the other being subgenus Cerris). It contains about 190 species divided among five sections. It may be called the New World clade or the high-latitude clade; most species are native to the Americas, the others being found in Eurasia and northernmost North Africa.

John Claudius Loudon
John Claudius Loudon (8 April 1782 – 14 December 1843) was a Scottish botanist, garden designer and author, born in Cambuslang in 1782. He was the first to use the term arboretum in writing to refer to a garden of plants, especially trees, collected for the purpose of scientific study. He was married to Jane Webb, a fellow horticulturalist, and author of science-fiction, fantasy, horror, and gothic stories.
Chafik
Chafik is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Fouad Chafik (born 1986), French-Moroccan footballer

Mohamed Chafik (born 1926), Moroccan writer and linguist

Nadia Chafik (born 1962), Moroccan novelist

Mohamed Chafik
Mohamed Chafik (Berber languages: ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵛⴰⴼⵉⵇ;  Arabic: محمد شفيق; born 17 September 1926), is a leading figure in the Amazigh (also known as Berber) cultural movement. An original author of the Amazigh Manifesto, he was later appointed as the first Rector of the Royal Institute of the Amazigh Culture. He has worked extensively on incorporating Amazigh culture into Moroccan identity and is a leading intellectual of the Moroccan intelligentsia.
1st Carrier Air Group
1st Carrier Air Group (1st CAG) was a Fleet Air Arm (FAA) carrier air group of the Royal Navy (RN). The establishment of the group occurred in June 1945, with the purpose of being deployed within the British Pacific Fleet. Nevertheless, it was dissolved later that same year, in September. The unit was allocated to the Illustrious-class aircraft carrier HMS Victorious.

The Group was re-established in October 1947, embarking in the lead ship of her class, HMS Implacable. In late 1950, the group was reassigned to the Illustrious-class aircraft carrier HMS Indomitable. The 1st Carrier Air Group was disbanded for the second time in May 1951.

Distinguished Service Cross (United Kingdom)
The Distinguished Service Cross (DSC) is a third-level military decoration awarded for gallantry during active operations against the enemy at sea to officers; and, since 1993, ratings and other ranks of the British Armed Forces, Royal Fleet Auxiliary and the British Merchant Navy have been eligible. The award was formerly also awarded to members of armed forces of other Commonwealth countries.

The DSC is "awarded in recognition of an act or acts of exemplary gallantry during active operations against the enemy at sea." Since 1979, it can be awarded posthumously.
Battle Blaze
Battle Blaze (バトルブレイズ) is a 1992 medieval fighting game released for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System by Sammy Studios. Players use swords, morningstars, knives, and other weapons to beat up their opponents. The player can either play in a colosseum or on a quest. The eventual goal is defeat the Dark Lord who lives in a castle in the sky.

Sammy Corporation
Sammy Corporation is a Japanese developer and retailer of video game and gambling products and subsidiary of Sega Sammy Holdings, headquartered in Shinagawa, Tokyo. Sammy manufactures pachinko and pachislot machines, and it expanded into video game development in the 1990s with games such as Viewpoint, Survival Arts, and The Rumble Fish.

Sammy was founded as Sammy Industry on November 1, 1975 as a spin-off of the arcade division of Satomi Corporation. The company primarily dealt with slot machines and arcade cabinets in Japan. Sammy largely left the video game industry by the late 1990s to focus on its pachinko and arcade management operations. In 2004, the company merged with video game developer and publisher Sega to form Sega Sammy Holdings.
Moses Soave
Moses Soave was an Italian Hebraist; born in Venice 28 March 1820; died there 27 November 1882. He supported himself as a private tutor in Venetian Jewish families, and collected a library containing many rare and valuable works. Two years before his death he gave up teaching, and devoted himself entirely to study. In addition to numerous articles which appeared in Italian Jewish periodicals he wrote biographies of Sara Copia Sullam, Amatus Lusitanus, Abraham de Balmes, Shabbethai Donnolo and Leon de Modena. He was, besides, the editor of Isacco Israelita's Guida dei Medici (Manhig ha-Rofe'im), translated from an old Hebrew manuscript (Venice, 1861); and wrote Dei Soncino, Celebri Tipografi Italiani nel Secoli XV.-XVI. (Venice, 1878).

Leone Modena
Leone Modena (Leon of Modena, da Venezia; Hebrew: יְהוּדָה אַרְיֵה מִמּוֹדִינָא, romanized: Yəhud̲ā Aryē miModenā), (1571–1648) was a Jewish scholar born in Venice to a family whose ancestors migrated to Italy after an expulsion of Jews from France.
Soniya Nityanand
Soniya Nityanand (born 6 September 1962) is an Indian immunologist and hematologist. She is currently serving as the Vice Chancellor of the King George's Medical University, Lucknow. In 2025, she was awarded the Padma Shri, India's fourth-highest civilian award, for her contributions to medicine.

Hematology
Hematology (spelled haematology in British English) is the branch of medicine concerned with the study of the cause, prognosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases related to blood. It involves treating diseases that affect the production of blood and its components, such as blood cells, hemoglobin, blood proteins, bone marrow, platelets, blood vessels, spleen, and the mechanism of coagulation. Such diseases might include hemophilia, sickle cell anemia, blood clots (thrombus), other bleeding disorders, and blood cancers such as leukemia, multiple myeloma, and lymphoma. The laboratory analysis of blood is frequently performed by a medical technologist or medical laboratory scientist.
Nigerien nationality law
Nigerien nationality law is regulated by the Constitution of Niger, as amended; the Nigerien Nationality Code, and its revisions; and various international agreements to which the country is a signatory. These laws determine who is, or is eligible to be, a national of Niger. The legal means to acquire nationality, formal legal membership in a nation, differ from the domestic relationship of rights and obligations between a national and the nation, known as citizenship. Nationality describes the relationship of an individual to the state under international law, whereas citizenship is the domestic relationship of an individual within the nation. Nigerien nationality is typically obtained under the jus sanguinis, i.e. by birth in Niger or abroad to parents with Nigerien nationality. It can be granted to persons with an affiliation to the country, or to a permanent resident who has lived in the country for a given period of time through naturalization.

French West Africa
French West Africa (French: Afrique-Occidentale française, AOF) was a federation of eight French colonial territories in West Africa: Mauritania, Senegal, French Sudan (now Mali), French Guinea (now Guinea), Ivory Coast, Upper Volta (now Burkina Faso), Dahomey (now Benin) and Niger. The federation existed from 1895 until 1958. Its capital was Saint-Louis in Senegal until 1902, and then Dakar until the federation's collapse in 1960.

With an area of 4,689,000 km2, French West Africa was eight times the size of Metropolitan France. French Equatorial Africa had an additional area of 2,500,000 km2.
Hendrik Van Brussel
Hendrik "Rik" Van Brussel (24 October 1944) is a Belgian emeritus professor of mechanical engineering of the KU Leuven, world-renowned for his research on robotics, mechatronics and holonic manufacturing systems.

Holon (philosophy)
A holon is something that is simultaneously a whole in and of itself, as well as a part of a larger whole. In this way, a holon can be considered a subsystem within a larger hierarchical system.
An individual holon is also made up of constituent parts. In this way holons can be seen as having three aspects: (1) the whole self-contained thing itself,(2) it is made up of parts, and (3) it is also a part of something larger. A bias of only seeing what parts a thing is made up of in order to understand its nature is at the heart of reductionism. A bias of seeing only what a thing is a part of is gaiaism. A holon can be seen as an object within a recursive field, a whole, made of parts, and part of something larger.

The holon represents a way to overcome the dichotomy between parts and wholes, as well as a way to account for both the self-assertive and the integrative tendencies of organisms.

Holons are sometimes discussed in the context of self-organizing holarchic open (SOHO) systems.
PL-6983
PL-6983 is a synthetic peptide and selective MC4 receptor agonist which is under development by Palatin Technologies for the treatment of female sexual dysfunction and erectile dysfunction. It was developed as a successor to/replacement of bremelanotide (PT-141) due to concerns of the side effect of increased blood pressure seen with the latter in clinical trials. Relative to bremelanotide, PL-6983 produces significantly lower increases in blood pressure in animal models. The drug has reportedly been in pre-clinical development for all medical indications since 2008. Palatin has stated that "We are focusing development efforts on bremelanotide for [female sexual dysfunction], but are continuing evaluation of PL-6983." The chemical structure of PL-6983 has yet to be made public.

Female sexual arousal disorder
Female sexual arousal disorder (FSAD) is a disorder characterized by a persistent or recurrent inability to attain sexual arousal or to maintain arousal until the completion of a sexual activity. The diagnosis can also refer to an inadequate lubrication-swelling response normally present during arousal and sexual activity. The condition should be distinguished from a general loss of interest in sexual activity and from other sexual dysfunctions, such as the orgasmic disorder (anorgasmia) and hypoactive sexual desire disorder, which is characterized as a lack or absence of sexual fantasies and desire for sexual activity for some period of time.

Although female sexual dysfunction is currently a contested diagnostic, it has become more common in recent years to use testosterone-based drugs off-label to treat FSAD. It is a subtype of female sexual dysfunction. It occurs in distress due to the inability to attain or maintain adequate vaginal lubrication.
Hussain Abdul Rahman
Hussain Abdul Rahman (c. 1942 – 28 September 2015) was a Maldivian lawyer who served as the deputy attorney general of the Maldives from August 1981 to February 1990, and as the acting attorney general from August 1981 to November 1983. He was also the father of Mohamed Muizzu, the incumbent president of the Maldives.

Born in Vashafaru, Rahman graduated from Al-Azhar University with a degree in Sharia and Law in 1975. He later returned to the university in 1986 to complete a master's degree in Sharia policy. After graduating in 1975, he initially served as a special judge in the Ministry of Justice, overseeing various courts in Malé at different times. He also worked as an Arabic teacher.

The President's Office
The President's Office (Dhivehi: ރައީސުލްޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާގެ އޮފީސް; PO) is the office of the President of the Maldives.
It was established on 11 November 1968 with the adoption of the Second Republic in 1968. The President's Office administer functions and activities to facilitate the President exercising Executive authority as provided for in the Constitution and law.
Ostrer
Ostrer is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Harry Ostrer, American geneticist

James Ostrer (born 1979), British photographer

Maurice Ostrer (1896–1975), British film executive

Pamela Ostrer (1916–1996), English actress, author, and screenwriter

Harry Ostrer
Harry Ostrer (born May 15, 1951) is an American medical geneticist who investigates the genetic basis of common and rare disorders. In the diagnostic laboratory, he translates the findings of genetic discoveries into tests that can be used to identify people's risks for disease prior to  occurrence, or for predicting its outcome once it has occurred. He is also known for his study, writing and lectures on the origins of the Jewish people.

He is a professor of Pathology and Genetics at Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University and Director of Genetic and Genomic Testing at Montefiore Medical Center.

For the prior 21 years he was Professor of Pediatrics, Pathology and Medicine and Director of the Human Genetics Program at New York University School of Medicine.
1984 Hawthorn Football Club season
The 1984 season was the Hawthorn Football Club's 60th season in the Victorian Football League and 83rd overall. Hawthorn entered the season as the defending VFL Premiers. Hawthorn qualified for their third consecutive finals series. Hawthorn qualified for their second consecutive Grand Final. It was the second time they advanced to the Grand Final in two consecutive seasons since 1976. They faced Essendon in a rematch of last years Grand Final with a chance to repeat as premiers. Hawthorn led 68–45 at 3-quarter time but Essendon kicked 9 goals to 2 in the fourth quarter to run over the top and win 105–81. This was their first Grand Final loss since 1975.

1976 Hawthorn Football Club season
The 1976 season was the Hawthorn Football Club's 52nd season in the Victorian Football League and 75th overall. Hawthorn qualified for finals for the third consecutive season. Hawthorn qualified for the Grand Final for the second consecutive season. In the Grand Final, Hawthorn faced North Melbourne for the second consecutive season. Hawthorn won their third VFL premiership defeating North Melbourne 100–70. This was their first premiership since 1971.
WonderLab
The WonderLab Museum of Science, Health & Technology is a science museum located in the city of Bloomington, Indiana, United States. It was incorporated in 1995 as a private 501(c)(3) non-profit organization. WonderLab is a member of the Association of Science-Technology Centers.

Science museum
A science museum is a museum devoted primarily to science. Older science museums tended to concentrate on static displays of objects related to natural history, paleontology, geology, industry and industrial machinery, etc. Modern trends in museology have broadened the range of subject matter and introduced many interactive exhibits. Modern science museums, increasingly referred to as "science centres" or "discovery centres", also feature technology.

While the mission statements of science centres and modern museums may vary, they are commonly places that make science accessible and encourage the excitement of discovery.
Haliszka
Haliszka [xaˈliʂka] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Iwaniska, within Opatów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) south-east of Iwaniska, 14 km (9 mi) south-west of Opatów, and 52 km (32 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.

Iwaniska
Iwaniska [ivaˈniska] is a town in Opatów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Iwaniska. It lies approximately 14 km (9 mi) south-west of Opatów and 50 km (31 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce. The town has a population of 1,300.

Iwaniska lies on the Koprzywianka river in historic Lesser Poland, in the southeastern corner of the Świętokrzyskie Mountains. Approximately 2 kilometers southeast of Iwaniska the complex of the Krzyżtopór castle is located.
Redden Forest Education Center
The Redden Forest Complex is located in Redden State Forest, Sussex County, Delaware. Now known as the Redden Forest Education Center, the complex includes three Shingle style buildings built in 1900-1902 as a hunting retreat for Pennsylvania Railroad heir Frank Graham Thompson. The complex was served by a specially built railroad siding in Redden Crossroads. The camp fell into disuse during the Great Depression and was acquired by the state of Delaware in the 1930s.  It saw use by the Civilian Conservation Corps, then the complex and the surrounding property were designated Redden State Forest in 1937.

Shingle style architecture
The shingle style is an American architectural style made popular by the rise of the New England school of architecture, which eschewed the highly ornamented patterns of the Eastlake style in Queen Anne architecture. In the shingle style, English influence was combined with the renewed interest in Colonial American architecture which followed the 1876 celebration of the Centennial. The plain, shingled surfaces of colonial buildings were adopted, and their massing emulated.

Aside from being a style of design, the style also conveyed a sense of the house as continuous volume. This effect—of the building as an envelope of space, rather than a great mass, was enhanced by the visual tautness of the flat shingled surfaces, the horizontal shape of many shingle style houses, and the emphasis on horizontal continuity, both in exterior details and in the flow of spaces within the houses.
Professional Convention Management Association
PCMA, or Professional Convention Management Association, is a professional organization, representing management of business events, conferences and conventions. Their mission is to drive social and economic progress through the business events they host. It has more than 8,400 members, and branches in 37 countries located in North America, Europe, Asia, the Middle East, Australia and New Zealand.

PCMA was founded in 1956 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. In 2000, PCMA relocated from Birmingham, Alabama to its current headquarters in Chicago, Illinois.

The organization's Education Foundation provides scholarship and supports research. In 1986, it began printing its monthly magazine, known as Convene. PCMA's Digital Experience Institute provides live stream and digital events.

PCMA has an annual conference called "Convening Leaders" and also operates smaller conferences, such as the "Education Conference" and "Knowledge Exchange".

Professional association
A professional association (also called  a professional body, professional organization, or professional society) is a group that usually seeks to further a particular profession, the interests of individuals and organisations engaged in that profession, and the public interest. In the United States, such an association is typically a nonprofit business league for tax purposes. In the UK, they may take a variety of legal forms.
Prospect Glacier
Prospect Glacier (69°32′S 67°20′W﻿ / ﻿69.533°S 67.333°W﻿ / -69.533; -67.333) is a glacier between Kinnear Mountains and Mayer Hills, flowing north into Forster Ice Piedmont on the west coast of Antarctic Peninsula. It was first roughly surveyed in 1936 by the British Graham Land Expedition (BGLE) under Rymill. In 1954 the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) gave the name Prospect Pass to a col between Eureka Glacier and the glacier here described. During resurvey of the area by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) in 1958, the col was found to be an indeterminate feature, while this glacier is well marked and requires a name.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Prospect Glacier". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition
The Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition (FIDASE) was an aerial survey of the Falkland Islands Dependencies and the Antarctic Peninsula which took place in the 1955–56 and 1956–57 southern summers.

Funded by the Colonial Office and organized by Peter Mott, the survey was carried out by Hunting Aerosurveys Ltd.  The expedition was based at Deception Island and utilized the Oluf Sven, two Canso flying-boats, and several helicopters.

The photographic collection, held by the British Antarctic Survey as the United Kingdom Antarctic Mapping Centre, comprises about 12,800 frames taken on 26,700 kilometers of ground track.
Khakurinokhabl
45°01′12″N 40°13′48″E﻿ / ﻿45.02000°N 40.23000°E﻿ / 45.02000; 40.23000

Khakurinokhabl (Russian: Хакуриноха́бль; Adyghe: Хьэкурынэхьабл, Hekurynehabl) is a rural locality (an aul) and the administrative center of Shovgenovsky District of the Republic of Adygea, Russia, located on the Fars River, 60 kilometers (37 mi) north of Maykop. Population:  4,038 (2010 Census); 3,828 (2002 Census); 4,101 (1989 Soviet census).

Maykop
Maykop (/meɪˈkɒp, maɪ-/) is the capital city of Adygea, Russia, located on the right bank of the Belaya River. It borders Maykopsky District, from which it is administratively and municipally independent, to the east and south; Giaginsky District to the north, and Belorechensky District of Krasnodar Krai to the west.

Population: 143,385 (2021 census); 144,249 (2010 census); 156,931 (2002 census); 148,608 (1989 Soviet census).
The Flag Lieutenant (1932 film)
The Flag Lieutenant is a 1932 British war film based on the play by William Price Drury and directed by and starring Henry Edwards, Anna Neagle, Joyce Bland, and Peter Gawthorne. The film's plot involves a lieutenant who is wrongly accused of cowardice.

Cowardice
Cowardice is a characteristic wherein excessive fear prevents an individual from taking a risk or facing danger. It is the opposite of courage. As a label, "cowardice"  indicates a failure of character in the face of a challenge. One who succumbs to cowardice is known as a coward.

As the opposite of bravery, which many historical and current human societies reward, cowardice is seen as a character flaw that is detrimental to society and thus the failure to face one's fear is often stigmatized or punished.
Máel Ísu Mac in Baird
Máel Ísu Mac in Baird (died 1173) was a Bishop of Clonfert.

Máel Ísu Mac in Baird was a native of Soghain, a territory in western Ui Maine (now part of County Galway). From about his lifetime or earlier, members of the Mac an Bhaird would become professional poets and historians. The surname is now generally rendered as Ward.

Mac an Bhaird
The Mac an Bháird family (Irish: Clann an Bháird) was one of the learned families of late medieval Ireland. The name has evolved over many centuries, the anglicised forms coming down as MacAward, McWard, MacEward, MacEvard, Macanward, M'Ward, and its most commonly used variant today: Ward. The name means 'son of the bard' and has no connection with the English name Ward, which originated from the Saxon word weard meaning watchman or guardian. Additionally, considerable numbers of Latin, French, and Spanish variants can be found in Continental records: Vardeo, Bardeo, U Bart, Wardeum, Vyardes, Wardeus, not to mention Verdaeorum familiae: the Ward family.