hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
MacLaren (surname)
MacLaren or Maclaren is a surname of Scottish origin. The name is an Anglicisation of the Gaelic Mac Labhrainn meaning "son of Labhrann". The Gaelic personal name Labhrann is a Gaelicised form of Lawrence.

Gaelicisation
Gaelicisation, or Gaelicization, is the act or process of making something Gaelic or gaining characteristics of the Gaels, a sub-branch of Celticisation. The Gaels are an ethno-linguistic group, traditionally viewed as having spread from Ireland to Scotland and the Isle of Man.

Gaelic, as a linguistic term, refers to the Gaelic languages but can also refer to the transmission of any other Gaelic cultural feature such as social norms and customs, music and sport.

It is often referred to as a part of Celtic identity since Ireland, Scotland and the Isle of Man are all considered Celtic nations, and the Gaelic languages are considered a sub-group of the Celtic languages.
The Little Train Robbery
The Little Train Robbery is a 1905 American silent Western film directed by Edwin S. Porter. It is a parodic sequel/remake to Porter's 1903 film The Great Train Robbery with an all-child "cast as the robbers, and a miniature railroad and playhouse as sets."

Edwin S. Porter
Edwin Stanton Porter (April 21, 1870 – April 30, 1941) was an American film pioneer, most famous as a producer, director, studio manager and cinematographer with the Edison Manufacturing Company and the Famous Players Film Company. Of over 250 films created by Porter; his most important include What Happened on Twenty-third Street, New York City (1901), Jack and the Beanstalk (1902), Life of an American Fireman (1903), The Great Train Robbery (1903), The European Rest Cure (1904), The Kleptomaniac (1905), Life of a Cowboy (1906), Rescued from an Eagle's Nest (1908), and The Prisoner of Zenda (1913).
Roscoe, Goodhue County, Minnesota
Roscoe is an unincorporated community in Roscoe Township, Goodhue County, Minnesota, United States.

The community is located at the junction of County 11 Boulevard and County 27 Boulevard.

State Highway 57 (MN 57), County 10 Boulevard, and County 12 Boulevard are also in the immediate area.

ZIP codes 55963 (Pine Island), 55983 (Wanamingo), and 55992 (Zumbrota) all meet near Roscoe.

Pine Island, Minnesota
Pine Island is a city in Goodhue and Olmsted counties in the U.S. state of Minnesota. Most of Pine Island is in Goodhue County, but a small part extends into Olmsted County, making that portion part of the Rochester metropolitan area. As of the 2020 census, the population was 3,769.

The community has a strong agricultural base, but has been transitioning over time into a bedroom community for nearby Rochester, which employs many local residents. It is also the site of Minnesota's first diverging diamond interchange.
1938 Campeonato Paulista
The 1938 Campeonato Paulista da Primeira Divisão, organized by the LFESP (Liga de Futebol do Estado de São Paulo), was the 37th season of São Paulo's top professional football league. Corinthians won the title for the 10th time. No teams were relegated. São Paulo's Elyseu was the top scorer with 13 goals.

Campeonato Paulista
The Campeonato Paulista Série A1, commonly known as Campeonato Paulista, nicknamed Paulistão, is the top-flight professional state football league in the Brazilian state of São Paulo. Run by the São Paulo State Football Federation (FPF), the league is contested by 16 clubs and typically lasts from January to April. Rivalries amongst four of the best-known Brazilian teams (Corinthians, Palmeiras, Santos and São Paulo) have marked the history of the competition. The Campeonato Paulista is the oldest established league in Brazil, being held since 1902 and professionally since 1933.
Financial Reform Division
The Financial Reform Division was part of the Department of Treasury and Finance, of the Government of Victoria, in the state of Victoria, Australia. The Financial Reform Division ceased to exist in 2009.

The Financial Reform Division leads and coordinates reforms to financial management approaches and systems to ensure Victoria remains at the forefront of public sector financial management. Current reform initiatives relate to

operational frameworks for finance and resource management,

legislation governing the management of public resources, and

systems to support government decision-making through the collection and production of information and advice.

The Financial Reform Division's deputy secretary is Dean Yates.

System
A system is a group of interacting or interrelated elements that act according to a set of rules to form a unified whole. A system, surrounded and influenced by its environment, is described by its boundaries, structure and purpose and is expressed in its functioning. Systems are the subjects of study of systems theory and other systems sciences.

Systems have several common properties and characteristics, including structure, function(s), behavior and interconnectivity.
2022 SWAC women's soccer tournament
The 2022 SWAC women's soccer tournament was the postseason women's soccer tournament for the Southwestern Athletic Conference held November 3–6, 2022. The seven-match tournament took place at the Prairie View A&M Soccer Stadium in Prairie View, Texas. The eight-team single-elimination tournament consisted of three rounds based on seeding from regular season conference play. The defending champions were the Prairie View A&M Panthers, however they were unable to defend their title, not qualifying for the tournament as they finished in ninth place in regular season play.  Top seed Jackson State won the tournament, defeating Grambling State in overtime in the Final. The conference tournament title was the third in the history of the Jackson State women's soccer program, and first for  head coach Ted Flogaites. As tournament champions, Jackson State earned the SWAC's automatic berth into the 2022 NCAA Division I Women's Soccer Tournament.

Prairie View A&M Panthers and Lady Panthers
The Prairie View A&M Panthers and Lady Panthers represent Prairie View A&M University in Prairie View, Texas in intercollegiate athletics. They field eighteen teams including men and women's basketball, cross country, golf, and indoor and outdoor track and field; women's-only bowling, soccer, softball, tennis, and volleyball; and men's-only baseball and football. The Panthers compete in the NCAA Division I and are members of the Southwestern Athletic Conference.
Wonderful Wonderful World Tour
The Wonderful Wonderful World Tour was the fifth major concert tour by the American rock band The Killers, in support of their fifth studio album Wonderful Wonderful, which was released on September 22, 2017. The tour included dates in 34 countries of Europe, Asia, the Americas, and Oceania.

A Dustland Fairytale
"A Dustland Fairytale" is a song by American rock band The Killers, released as the fourth single from the band's third studio album, Day & Age (2008).  The Killers performed the song live on The Late Show with David Letterman accompanied by an orchestra in 2009.

The song's lyrics focus upon frontman Brandon Flowers' parents, referring to "Cinderella" (his mother) and a "slick chrome American prince" (his father).
Navitaire
Navitaire LLC is a subsidiary of Amadeus IT Group. Navitaire primarily offers systems for passenger reservations, travel commerce, ancillary revenue and merchandising, as well as revenue accounting and revenue management to airlines and rail companies.

Jetstar
Jetstar Airways Pty Ltd, trading as Jetstar, is an Australian low-cost airline headquartered in Melbourne, Victoria. It is a wholly owned subsidiary of Qantas, created in response to the threat posed by the airline Virgin Blue (now known as Virgin Australia). Jetstar is part of Qantas' two-brand strategy of having Qantas Airways for the premium full-service market and Jetstar for the low-cost market. As of June 2015, Jetstar was carrying 8.5% of all passengers travelling in and out of Australia.

The airline operates an extensive domestic network as well as regional and international services from its main base at Melbourne Airport, using a mixed fleet consisting of Airbus A320 family and Boeing 787 Dreamliner aircraft. Like its Qantas parent, Jetstar competes with Virgin Australia. Qantas, through the Jetstar Group, also has stake in the airline Jetstar Japan.
USS Tunny
Two submarines of the United States Navy have been named USS Tunny, for the tunny, any of several oceanic fishes resembling the mackerel.

USS Tunny (SS-282), a Gato-class submarine, served in World War II, as a Regulus missile boat, and during the Vietnam War.

USS Tunny (SSN-682), a Sturgeon-class submarine, served during the last years of the Cold War.

SSM-N-8 Regulus
The SSM-N-8A Regulus, also known as the Regulus I and RGM-6, was a  nuclear-capable turbojet-powered second generation cruise missile operated by the US Navy between 1955 and 1964. Its development was an outgrowth of U.S. Navy tests conducted with the German V-1 missile at Naval Air Station Point Mugu in California. Its barrel-shaped fuselage resembled that of numerous fighter aircraft designs of the era, but without a cockpit. Test articles of the Regulus were equipped with landing gear and could take off and land like an airplane. When the missiles were deployed they were launched from a rail launcher, and equipped with a pair of Aerojet JATO bottles on the aft end of the fuselage.
1888 South Sligo by-election
The 1888 South Sligo by-election was a parliamentary by-election held for the United Kingdom House of Commons constituency of South Sligo on 6 July 1888. The vacancy arose because of the resignation of the sitting member, Edward Joseph Kennedy of the Irish Parliamentary Party. Only one candidate was nominated, Edmund Leamy of the Irish Parliamentary Party, formerly MP for Waterford City and Cork North East, who was elected unopposed.

South Sligo
South Sligo was a parliamentary constituency in Ireland, which returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, elected on a system of first-past-the-post, from 1885 to 1922.

Prior to the 1885 general election the area was part of the two-seat County Sligo constituency. From 1922, on the establishment of the Irish Free State, it was not represented in the UK Parliament.
Cacotheline
Cacotheline is an organic compound with the chemical formula C21H21N3O7.  It is a nitro derivative of brucine obtained by reaction of brucine with nitric acid.  It is used as an indicator in the titrimetric analysis of tin ions (Sn2+).

Titration
Titration (also known as titrimetry and volumetric analysis) is a common laboratory method of quantitative chemical analysis to determine the concentration of an identified analyte (a substance to be analyzed). A reagent, termed the titrant or titrator, is prepared as a standard solution of known concentration and volume. The titrant reacts with a solution of analyte (which may also be termed the titrand) to determine the analyte's concentration. The volume of titrant that reacted with the analyte is termed the titration volume.
Rockland (Shepherdstown, West Virginia)
Rockland, also known as Verdier Plantation, Schley Farm and Knode House, was built by James Verdier between 1771 and 1785 near Shepherdstown, West Virginia.  Verdier was a Huguenot, the son of a French silk weaver, who married Lady Susanna Monei and came to North America to escape religious persecution.  In America he became a tanner, with tanneries in Martinsburg, West Virginia, Sharpsburg, Maryland and Shepherdstown. His children founded Verdiersville, Virginia after his death.  The older portion of the house is stone masonry.  A brick Victorian style addition was built in 1897.

Built largely of limestone, the two-story, five-bay center hall house has sandstone accents. A basement kitchen is accessed by a door in the gable end. The interior was remodeled with Greek Revival detailing in the nineteenth century.

Martinsburg, West Virginia
Martinsburg is a city in Berkeley County, West Virginia, United States, and its county seat. The population was 18,773 at the 2020 census, making Martinsburg the largest city in the eastern panhandle of West Virginia and the sixth-most populous city in the state. It is a principal city of the Hagerstown–Martinsburg metropolitan area extending into Maryland, which had 293,844 residents in 2020.
Surigao del Norte's 1st congressional district
Surigao del Norte's 1st congressional district is one of the two congressional districts of the Philippines in the province of Surigao del Norte. It has been represented in the House of Representatives since 1987. The district encompasses the island chains off the northeast coast of mainland Surigao del Norte. Since the 2007 redistricting following the separation of Dinagat Islands, the district now comprises the Siargao and Bucas Grande municipalities of Burgos, Dapa, Del Carmen, General Luna, Pilar, San Benito, San Isidro, Santa Monica and Socorro. It also included Dinagat Islands until it was established as a distinct province in 2006. It is currently represented in the 19th Congress by Francisco Jose Matugas II of the Lakas–CMD.

Burgos, Surigao del Norte
Burgos, officially the Municipality of Burgos (Surigaonon: Lungsod nan Burgos; Tagalog: Bayan ng Burgos), is a municipality in the province of Surigao del Norte, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 4,185 people.

It is the smallest municipality in the province, both in population and area. Burgos is one of the two northernmost towns of Siargao Island. The other is municipality of Santa Monica.
Vaux, Allier
Vaux (French pronunciation: [vo] ⓘ; Occitan: Vaus) is a commune in the Allier department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in central France. The 19th-century French journalist, chansonnier and politician Agénor Altaroche (1811–1884) died in Vaux.

Agénor Altaroche
Agénor Altaroche (18 April 1811 – 13 May 1884) was a French journalist, chansonnier and man of letters, Commissioner of the Provisional Government for the Puy-de-Dôme in 1848, representative of that department to the 1848 Constituent Assembly.
Internet censorship and surveillance in Europe
Unclassified / No data

This list of Internet censorship and surveillance in Europe provides information on the types and levels of Internet censorship and surveillance that is occurring in countries in Europe.

Detailed country by country information on Internet censorship and surveillance is provided in the Freedom on the Net reports from Freedom House, by the OpenNet Initiative, by Reporters Without Borders, and in the Country Reports on Human Rights Practices from the U.S. State Department Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor. The ratings produced by several of these organizations are summarized below as well as in the Censorship by country article.

TDC Holding A/S
TDC Holding A/S or TDC Group (formerly Tele Danmark Communications) is a Danish telecommunications company dating back to 1879. TDC Group is the largest telecommunications company in Denmark. The company's headquarters are located in Copenhagen.

TDC Holding is the holding company of two separate companies which were spun-off from TDC; Nuuday A/S and TDC NET A/S. All consumer related services and brands were placed under Nuuday, and the ownership and maintenance of physical infrastructure of mobile antennas as well as coax and fibre optical lines were placed under TDC NET.
Bhand
Bhānds (Devanagari: भांड; Urdu: بھانڈ, Gurmukhi: ਭੰਡ, Bengali: ভাঁড়) are the traditional folk entertainers of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Nepal. In India and Nepal, the Bahand are now an endogamous Hindu and Muslim community, which is no longer involved in their traditional occupation of folk entertainment. They include actors, dancers, minstrels, storytellers and impressionists.

Payment for performances is usually voluntary: often, one performer goes around the audience collecting money on a "pay-what-you-can" basis while the others continue to perform.

Endogamy
Endogamy is the cultural practice of only marrying within a specific social group, religious denomination, caste, or ethnic group, rejecting any from outside of the group or belief structure as unsuitable for marriage or other close personal relationships. Its opposite, exogamy, describes the social norm of marriage outside of the group.

Endogamy is common in many cultures and ethnic groups. Several religious and ethnic religious groups are traditionally more endogamous, although sometimes mating outside of the group occurs with the added dimension of requiring marital religious conversion. This permits an exogamous marriage, as the convert, by accepting the partner's religion, becomes accepted within the endogamous group. Endogamy may result in a higher rate of recessive gene–linked genetic disorders.
Gerald Merrithew
Gerald Stairs "Gerry" Merrithew PC CD (23 September 1931 – 5 September 2004), born in Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada, was an educator, provincial and federal politician, and statesman.

Merrithew graduated from the New Brunswick Teachers' College, then obtained his BA and B.Ed degrees from the University of New Brunswick.

With a lifelong interest in the Canadian Forces, he became an officer cadet and rose to the rank of lieutenant-colonel. As a high school principal, he was active not only in the educational field, but the military, recreational fields, as well as cultural affairs that led to his entering politics.

Canadian Forces' Decoration
The Canadian Forces' Decoration (post-nominal letters "CD") is a Canadian award bestowed upon members of the Canadian Armed Forces who have completed twelve years of military service, with certain conditions. By convention, it is also given to the governor general of Canada upon their appointment, which includes the title of Commander-in-Chief in and over Canada. The decoration is awarded to all ranks, who must have a good record of conduct during the final eight years of claimed service.

The first governor general to receive the CD was Viscount Alexander of Tunis in 1951. The medal was initially awarded to all members of the Royal Family who served in the Canadian Forces, even without completion of twelve years of service; this has, however, not been automatic since 1953.
WFGI (AM)
WFGI (940 AM) was an American radio station broadcasting at a daytime power of 250 watts, and a nighttime power of five watts.  The station was last licensed to Keymarket Licenses, LLC and served the area around Charleroi, Pennsylvania, south of Pittsburgh.

Charleroi, Pennsylvania
Charleroi (/ˈʃɑːrlərɔɪ/ SHAR-lə-roy) is a borough in Washington County, Pennsylvania, United States, along the Monongahela River, 21 miles south of Pittsburgh. Charleroi was settled in 1890 and incorporated in 1891.  The 2020 census recorded a population of 4,210.

Reduced industrial activities in the region led to a decreasing population. The steel-making industry was supported by cheap transportation on the Monongahela River from upstream of Charleroi into northern West Virginia and north as well as downstream past McKeesport to the mouth of the Monongahela in Pittsburgh.

Colloquially, the stretch from Charleroi north to McKeesport (historically because of press coverage of High School sports leagues), is known as the "Mon Valley," and has been extended by some to mean from the river mouth to northern West Virginia. Once dubbed "Magic City," Charleroi has in recent years seen a gradual revitalization of its business district.
Glyphodes parallelalis
Glyphodes parallelalis is a moth of the family Crambidae. It was described by Max Gaede in 1917 and it is native to Togo. This species has a wingspan of 21 mm and its colouration is similar to Glyphodes xanthostola Hampson, 1910.

Max Gaede
Max Gaede (29 November 1871 – 27 October 1946) was a German engineer and entomologist of international fame who described several hundred of new species of Lepidoptera, mainly African Noctuidae.

He became a member of the Internationaler Entomologischer Verein in 1899.
Many Lepidoptera species have been named after Max Gaede. Some of them are:

Zekelita gaedei Lödl, 1999

Decachorda gaedei Dufrane 1953

Astyloneura gaedei Alberti, 1957

Eutelia gaedei Hacker & Fibiger, 2006

Zamarada gaedei D. S. Fletcher, 1974

Hypocala gaedei Berio, 1955

Ozarba gaedei Berio, 1940

Athetis gaedei Berio, 1955

Callyna gaedei Hacker & Fibiger, 2006
Tanore Upazila
Tanore Upazila (Bengali: তানোর উপজেলা) is an upazila of Rajshahi District in the division of Rajshahi, Bangladesh. Tanore police station was established in February 1869, and it was declared a sub-district, or upazila, in 1983.

Santal people
The Santal (or Santhal) are an Austroasiatic-speaking Munda ethnic group of the Indian subcontinent. They constitute the largest tribal community in the Indian states of Jharkhand and West Bengal, and are also present in Odisha, Bihar, Assam, and Tripura. They are the largest ethnic minority in northern Bangladesh's Rajshahi Division and Rangpur Division. They have a sizeable population in Nepal. The Santals speak Santali, the most widely spoken language of the Munda subfamily of Austroasiatic languages.
Milton C. Portmann
Milton Claudius Portmann (October 20, 1888 – August 14, 1967) was an American professional football player in the Ohio League, an attorney, and United States Army officer veteran of World War I. Milton was born in Jackson, Minnesota. Briefly he worked at his law firm Townes (Clayton C. Townes) & Portmann in Cleveland, Ohio while also playing professional football. In 1917, he enlisted in the United States Army.

American Expeditionary Forces
The American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) was a formation of the United States Armed Forces on the Western Front during World War I, composed mostly of units from the U.S. Army. The AEF was established on July 5, 1917, in Chaumont, France under the command of then-major general John J. Pershing. It fought alongside French Army, British Army, Canadian Army, British Indian Army, New Zealand Army and Australian Army units against the Imperial German Army. A small number of AEF troops also fought alongside Italian Army units in 1918 against the Austro-Hungarian Army. The AEF helped the French Army on the Western Front during the Aisne Offensive (at the Battle of Château-Thierry and Battle of Belleau Wood) in the summer of 1918, and fought its major actions in the Battle of Saint-Mihiel and the Meuse-Argonne Offensive in the latter part of 1918.
Giannina Facio
Giannina Facio, Lady Scott (born Giannina Facio Franco; September 10, 1955), is a Costa Rican actress who has appeared in several films, especially those of her husband, British film director and producer Sir Ridley Scott. She first worked with Scott on White Squall and has been his partner since Hannibal. Gladiator was the first of two films in which she plays the wife of Russell Crowe's character, the other being Body of Lies. Since White Squall, Facio has made appearances in all of Scott's films except for American Gangster, The Martian, Alien: Covenant, The Last Duel, House of Gucci and Napoleon.

White Squall (film)
White Squall is a 1996 American disaster survival film directed by Ridley Scott. It is a coming of age film in which a group of high-school and college-aged teenagers sign up for several months of training aboard a brigantine and travel around half the globe when suddenly they are challenged by a severe storm. The film stars Jeff Bridges, Caroline Goodall, John Savage, Scott Wolf, Jeremy Sisto and Balthazar Getty. The film was based on the 1962 book The Last Voyage of the Albatross by Charles Gieg Jr. and Felix Sutton.
Chapai Nawabganj
Chapai Nawabganj is a City in north-western Bangladesh. It is the headquarters of both Chapai Nawabganj Sadar Upazila and Chapai Nawabganj District in Rajshahi Division. It is located on the banks of the Mahananda River. This city has a population of about 201,000. Which makes it the 24th largest city in Bangladesh.

Mahananda River
The Mahananda (/məˌhɑːˈnʌndə, ˌmɑːhə-/ mə-HAH-NUN-də, MAH-hə-) is a trans-boundary river that flows through the Indian states of Bihar and West Bengal before crossing into Bangladesh. It is an important tributary of the Ganges.