hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Krüper
The Krüper (German pronunciation: [ˈkʁyːpɐ]) is a German breed of creeper chicken. It originates in the former Duchy of Berg, now the Bergisches Land in western Germany, and is one of three chicken breeds from that area, the others being the Bergische Kräher and the Bergische Schlotterkamm. It belongs to the group of original European creeper breeds. The breed has normal-sized and bantam varieties.: 423

Bergisches Land
The Bergisches Land (German pronunciation: [ˈbɛʁɡɪʃəs ˈlant], lit. 'Bergian Land') is a low mountain range in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, east of the Rhine and south of the Ruhr. The landscape is shaped by forests, meadows, rivers and creeks and contains over twenty artificial lakes. Wuppertal is the biggest town, while the southern part has economic and socio-cultural ties to Cologne. Wuppertal and the neighbouring cities of Remscheid and Solingen form the Bergisches Städtedreieck (Berg City Triangle).
Skidoo, California
Skidoo (formerly, Hoveck) was an unincorporated community in Inyo County, California. The geographical location of the old town site lies at an elevation of 5,689 feet (1734 m). Skidoo is a ghost town located in Death Valley National Park. It is on the National Register of Historic Places.

Inyo County, California
Inyo County (/ˈɪnjoʊ/ ⓘ) is a county in the eastern central part of the U.S. state of California, located between the Sierra Nevada and the state of Nevada. In the 2020 census, the population was 19,016. The county seat is Independence. Inyo County is on the east side of the Sierra Nevada and southeast of Yosemite National Park in Central California. It contains the Owens River Valley; it is flanked to the west by the Sierra Nevada and to the east by the White Mountains and the Inyo Mountains. Mono County is to the north. With an area of 10,192 square miles (26,400 km2), Inyo is the second-largest county by area in California, after San Bernardino County which is directly south of Inyo County. Almost half of Inyo County's area is within Death Valley National Park. However, with a population density of 1.8 people per square mile, it also has the second-lowest population density in California, after Alpine County.
Región Valles
Región Valles is the eleventh administrative region of the Mexican state of Jalisco. Its seat is the city of Ameca. The region is composed of 14 municipalities.

The region's agricultural crops include maize, chickpea, sugar cane, agave, wheat, and sorghum. Fishing is only for regional supply. Minerals mined in the area are gold, silver, kaolin, quartz, feldspar, baryta, zinc, copper, lead, opal, and fluorite.

Administrative divisions of Mexico
Mexico is a federal republic composed of 32 federative entities (Spanish: entidades federativas): 31 states and Mexico City. According to the Constitution of Mexico, the states of the federation are free and sovereign in all matters concerning their internal affairs. Since 2016, Mexico City has been a fully autonomous entity on par with the states. Each state federative entity has its own congress and constitution.
Deaths in July 2024
The following is a list of notable deaths in July 2024.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent country of citizenship (if applicable), reason for notability, cause of death (if known), and reference.

Wellington cricket team
The Wellington Firebirds are one of six New Zealand men's first-class cricket teams that make up New Zealand Cricket.
It is based in Wellington. It competes in the Plunket Shield first class (4-day) competition, The Ford Trophy domestic one day competition and the Men's Super Smash Twenty20 competition.

The Wellington Cricket Association was formed in 1875. It is New Zealand's oldest cricket association.
Drunken Creek
Drunken Creek is a stream in eastern Bollinger County in the U.S. state of Missouri. It is a tributary of Hog Creek.

The stream headwaters arise adjacent to Missouri Route B about three miles northeast of Marble Hill. The stream flows south to south-southeast and crosses under Missouri Route 34 east of Marble Hill then turns southeast passing under Route U to its confluence with Hog Creek about 1.5 miles north of Laflin. The source area is at 37°20′42″N 89°55′50″W﻿ / ﻿37.34500°N 89.93056°W﻿ / 37.34500; -89.93056 and the confluence is at 37°18′00″N 89°53′08″W﻿ / ﻿37.30000°N 89.88556°W﻿ / 37.30000; -89.88556.

Drunken Creek most likely was so named on account of frequent flash flooding, although folk etymology maintains the creek was named for an incident when a man drowned in the creek while drunk.

Missouri Route 34
Route 34 is a highway in southeastern Missouri. Its eastern terminus is at the Illinois state line on the Mississippi River at Cape Girardeau where it overlaps Route 74. Its western terminus is at U.S. Route 60 (US 60) near Van Buren. The road continues into Illinois via the Bill Emerson Memorial Bridge as Illinois Route 146.
Buck West
Milton Douglas "Buck" West (August 29, 1860 – January 13, 1929) was an American Major League Baseball outfielder. West played for the Cincinnati Red Stockings in 1884 and the Cleveland Spiders in 1890. Both seasons were ones with three major leagues.

West played for the Northwestern League champion Saginaw Old Golds in early 1884. After the league folded, he joined the Red Stockings.

West was the first major leaguer ever to hit a home run in his final at bat.

After his baseball career ended, West went into the retail liquor business and also engaged in a restaurant enterprise.

Northwestern League
The Northwestern League was a sports league that operated in the Central United States during the early years of professional baseball for six seasons: 1879, 1883–1884, 1886–1887, and 1891. After the 1887 season, the league was replaced by the Western Association, although the Northwestern League returned for its final season in 1891 as an independent baseball league.

The Northwestern League of 1883–1884 is considered the first baseball "minor league", as it was party to the National Agreement of 1883, along with the National League and American Association, whereby the leagues agreed to honor each other's suspensions, expulsions, and player reserve clauses, and established territorial rights.

An unrelated Northwestern League, located in the Pacific Northwest, later formed in 1905.
Ford Center for the Performing Arts
Ford Center for the Performing Arts can refer to:

Ford Center for the Performing Arts Oriental Theatre, now known as the James M. Nederlander Theatre, Chicago

Ford Center for the Performing Arts, New York City, renamed the Hilton Theatre, then the Foxwoods Theatre, and now the Lyric Theatre

Ford Centre for the Performing Arts, North York, Toronto, now the Toronto Centre for the Arts

Gertrude C. Ford Center for the Performing Arts, University of Mississippi

Nederlander Theatre (Chicago)
The James M. Nederlander Theatre is a theater located at 24 West Randolph Street in the Loop area of downtown Chicago, Illinois. It opened in 1926, named the Oriental Theater, as a deluxe movie palace and vaudeville venue. Today the Nederlander, which seats 2,253, presents live touring Broadway theater productions, and is operated by Broadway In Chicago.

The multi-story theater-house was constructed within what was the New Masonic office building and both the skyscraper and theater were listed in 1978 on the National Register of Historic Places as, New Masonic Building and Oriental Theater. The office building part is now a hotel. In 2019, the theater was re-named for theater impresario James M. Nederlander, of the Nederlander Organization.
María del Carmen Ramírez
María del Carmen Ramírez García (born 8 March 1956) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD) who served in the upper house of the Mexican Congress during the LVIII and LIX Legislatures.

Born in Toluca, she graduated from the National Autonomous University of Mexico in 1979. Ramírez García is married to Alfonso Sánchez Anaya. Her husband is a former member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) who in 1999 won the governorship of Tlaxcala representing an alliance between the PRD, the PVEM and the PT; hence from 1999 to 2000 Ramírez García served as President of the DIF in the state of Tlaxcala.

In 2005 she unsuccessfully ran for the governorship of Tlaxcala losing against the PAN-PT candidate Héctor Ortiz Ortiz.

Labor Party (Mexico)
The Labor Party (Spanish: Partido del Trabajo [paɾˈtiðo ðel tɾaˈβaxo], PT; also known as the Workers Party) is a socialist political party in Mexico. It was founded on 8 December 1990. The party is currently led by Alberto Anaya.

Following the 2018 election, the PT became the third-largest political party in the Chamber of Deputies with 61 deputies, after Morena with 191 and the PAN with 81. Political maneuvering briefly established the PRI as the third-largest party in August 2020, although it later turned out that the PT and the PRI were tied with 46 seats each after doubtful PRD deputy defections in favor of the PRI.

It received 6.46% of the total votes cast in the 2024 presidential election, becoming the sixth national political force. It has 49 deputies and 6 senators in the LXVI legislature of the Congress of the Union.
Manuel Fernández Castrillón
Major-General Manuel Fernández Castrillón (c. 1780 – April 21, 1836) was a Mexican Army officer who served in the Texas Revolution. A close friend of President Antonio López de Santa Anna, Castrillón frequently advocated merciful treatment for captured Texian soldiers. He was killed in action at the 1836 Battle of San Jacinto, despite attempts by Thomas Jefferson Rusk to save his life.

Mexican Army
The Mexican Army (Spanish: Ejército Mexicano), also known as the National Defense Army, is the combined land and air branch of the Mexican Armed Forces. It includes the Mexican Air Force, the Special Forces Body, and the National Guard.

With an active-duty force of 261,773 servicemembers (as of 2024), the Army is the largest component of the Mexican Armed Forces and among the largest armies in the world. It is under the authority of the Secretariat of National Defense (Spanish: Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional, SEDENA) and is headed by the Secretary of National Defence, who is directly answerable to the President.

The Mexican Army was the first to adopt (1908) and use (1910) a self-loading rifle, the Mondragón rifle.
Canonical link
A canonical link is either

a canonical link element, an HTML element that helps webmasters prevent duplicate content issues; or

a function specified in a generalized linear model in statistics; see Generalized_linear_model#Link_function.

Generalized linear model
In statistics, a generalized linear model (GLM) is a flexible generalization of ordinary linear regression. The GLM generalizes linear regression by allowing the linear model to be related to the response variable via a link function and by allowing the magnitude of the variance of each measurement to be a function of its predicted value.

Generalized linear models were formulated by John Nelder and Robert Wedderburn as a way of unifying various other statistical models, including linear regression, logistic regression and Poisson regression. They proposed an iteratively reweighted least squares method for maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) of the model parameters. MLE remains popular and is the default method on many statistical computing packages. Other approaches, including Bayesian regression and least squares fitting to variance stabilized responses, have been developed.
Shenley, Milton Keynes
Shenley is an area of Buckinghamshire consisting of the villages and areas Shenley Brook End, Shenley Church End, Shenley Dens, Shenley Grounds,  Shenley Lodge and Shenley Wood. It is one of the parts of the region that went to make up the new city of Milton Keynes in the 1960s.  Shenley is located to the west of the city centre, on the Roman road Watling Street between Stony Stratford and Fenny Stratford.

The name Shenley is an Old English language word meaning "bright clearing".  In the Domesday Book of 1086 the area was collectively known as Senelai.

The distinction between the Brook End and the Church End happened in the 12th century when a new manor house was constructed in Shenley Brook End by the Mansell family.  However, by 1426 the two manors were owned by the same person and the distinction between the two places was in name only.

Planned community
A planned community, planned city, planned town, or planned settlement is any community that was carefully planned from its inception and is typically constructed on previously undeveloped land. This contrasts with settlements that evolve organically.

The term new town refers to planned communities of the new towns movement in particular, mainly in the United Kingdom. It was also common in the European colonization of the Americas to build according to a plan either on fresh ground or on the ruins of earlier Native American villages.

A model city is a type of planned city designed to a high standard and intended as a model for others to imitate. The term was first used in 1854.
One Love Party
The One Love Party was a minor political party in the United Kingdom that identified itself as techno-progressive. The party campaigned for clean air and a federal union of the world. It was founded in 2015 and its first contest was in the 2016 London mayoral election. The party was led and founded by Ankit Love, a musician and film maker and son of Indian politicians Jay Mala and Bhim Singh.

It was statutorily deregistered on 19 December 2017. Love continues to stand in elections as an independent candidate.

Techno-progressivism
Techno-progressivism, or tech-progressivism, is a stance of active support for the convergence of technological change and social change. Techno-progressives argue that technological developments can be profoundly empowering and emancipatory when they are regulated by legitimate democratic and accountable authorities to ensure that their costs, risks and benefits are all fairly shared by the actual stakeholders to those developments. One of the first mentions of techno-progressivism appeared within extropian jargon in 1999 as the removal of "all political, cultural, biological, and psychological limits to self-actualization and self-realization".
The Man Without a Country (1917 film)
The Man Without a Country is a 1917 American silent film adaptation of Edward Everett Hale's 1863 short story of the same name. The film was directed by Ernest C. Warde, and starred Florence La Badie, Holmes Herbert, and J. H. Gilmour, and released by Thanhouser Film Corporation.

The film follows closely to the storyline of Hales's text and its production and success in film theaters may be related to the historical context of the period. The original story, with its strong patriotic theme, was written during the American Civil War in order to increase public support for the Union cause. The film had a like function with regard to the First World War, which the United States had joined a few months prior to the film's release.

The film was released on September 9, 1917, and was the last film role of Florence La Badie, who would die in October 1917 from injuries sustained in an automobile crash in August 1917, just days before the film's premiere.

Edward Everett Hale
Edward Everett Hale (April 3, 1822 – June 10, 1909) was an American author, historian, and Unitarian minister, best known for his writings such as "The Man Without a Country", published in Atlantic Monthly, in support of the Union during the Civil War. He was the grand-nephew of Nathan Hale, the American spy during the Revolutionary War.
Kay Clark-Miculek
Kay Clark-Miculek is an American sport shooter 
with two IPSC Handgun World Shoot gold medals in the Open division Lady category (1993 and 1996) and one silver medal (2005). She has two gold medals from the IPSC US Handgun Championship, eight gold and one silver medal from the USPSA Handgun Nationals, and 7 times top woman in the Steel Challenge World Speed Shooting Championships and three time Steel Challenge World Speed Shooting Champion (1998, 1991 and 1987).

Kay is wife of Jerry Miculek and mother of their daughter Lena Miculek.

1993 IPSC Handgun World Shoot
The 1993 IPSC Handgun World Shoot X held in Bisley, England was the 10th IPSC Handgun World Shoot, and consisted of 5 days with 34 stages, teams from over 27 countries and much rain. The competition had been divided into the Open, Standard and Modified divisions. The Standard division was won by Ted Bonnet of United States, the Modified division by Robert Buntschu of Switzerland and the Open division by Matthew McLearn of United States. Born in Nova Scotia, Mclearn had moved to the U.S. five years prior the world championship to pursue gunsmithing training and advance in the competitive arena. Right before winning the World Shoot he also placed first in the U.S. IPSC Handgun Nationals.
Kosmos 277
Kosmos 277 (Russian: Космос 277 meaning Cosmos 277), known before launch as DS-P1-Yu No.20, was a Soviet satellite which was used as a radar calibration target for tests of anti-ballistic missiles. It was a 325-kilogram (717 lb) spacecraft, which was built by the Yuzhnoye Design Bureau, and launched in 1969 as part of the Dnepropetrovsk Sputnik programme.

KB Pivdenne
The Pivdenne Design Office (Ukrainian: Державне конструкторське бюро «Південне» ім. М. К. Янгеля, abbr. Державне КБП, romanized: Derzhavne konstruktorske biuro "Pivdenne" im. M. K. Yanhelia, abbr. Derzhavne KB Pivdenne, lit. 'State design bureau "Southern", named after M. K. Yangel'), located in Dnipro, Ukraine, is a designer of satellites and rockets, and formerly of Soviet intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs), established by Mikhail Yangel. During the Soviet era, the bureau's OKB designation was OKB-586.

The company is in close co-operation with the PA Pivdenmash multi-product machine-building company, also situated in Dnipro. Pivdenmash is the main manufacturer of the models developed by Pivdenne Design Office.
Arctostaphylos rubra
Arctostaphylos rubra is a species of flowering plant in the heath family and the genus Arctostaphylos, the manzanitas and bearberries. Common names include red fruit bearberry, alpine bearberry, arctic bearberry, red manzanita, and ravenberry. It is native to Eurasia and northern North America from Alaska through most of Canada to Greenland. There is also one population in the contiguous United States, located in the Absaroka Range of Wyoming.

Ericaceae
The Ericaceae (/ˌɛrɪˈkeɪsi.aɪ, -iː/) are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the heath or heather family, found most commonly in acidic and infertile growing conditions. The family is large, with about 4,250 known species spread across 124 genera, making it the 14th most speciose family of flowering plants. The many well known and economically important members of the Ericaceae include the cranberry, blueberry, huckleberry, rhododendron (including azaleas), and various common heaths and heathers (Erica, Cassiope, Daboecia, and Calluna for example).
Metastability in the brain
In the field of computational neuroscience, the theory of metastability refers to the human brain's ability to integrate several functional parts and to produce neural oscillations in a cooperative and coordinated manner, providing the basis for conscious activity.

Metastability, a state in which signals (such as oscillatory waves) fall outside their natural equilibrium state but persist for an extended period of time, is a principle that describes the brain's ability to make sense out of seemingly random environmental cues.   In the past 25 years, interest in metastability and the underlying framework of nonlinear dynamics has been fueled by advancements in the methods by which computers model brain activity.

Pink noise
Pink noise, 1⁄f noise, fractional noise or fractal noise is a signal or process with a frequency spectrum such that the power spectral density (power per frequency interval) is inversely proportional to the frequency of the signal. In pink noise, each octave interval (halving or doubling in frequency) carries an equal amount of noise energy.

Pink noise sounds like a waterfall. It is often used to tune loudspeaker systems in professional audio. Pink noise is one of the most commonly observed signals in biological systems.

The name arises from the pink appearance of visible light with this power spectrum. This is in contrast with white noise which has equal intensity per frequency interval.
Michael Metz
Michael Metz (born 16 June 1964) is a former field hockey player from Germany, who won the silver medal at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea for West Germany. Four years later, when Barcelona, Spain hosted the Summer Olympics, he was a member of the Men's National Team that captured the gold medal.

Germany men's national field hockey team
The Germany men's national field hockey team is one of the most successful sides in the world, winning gold at the Summer Olympics four times (including once as West Germany), the Hockey World Cup 3 times, the EuroHockey Nations Championship nine times (including twice as West Germany) and the Hockey Champions Trophy ten times (including three times as West Germany).
Finger millet
Finger millet (Eleusine coracana) is an annual herbaceous plant. It is a tetraploid and self-pollinating species probably evolved from its wild relative Eleusine africana.

Finger millet is native to the Ethiopian and Ugandan highlands. It has the ability to withstand cultivation at altitudes over 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) above sea level and a high drought tolerance. The grain is suitable for decades-long storage. It is widely grown as a cereal crop in the arid and semiarid areas in Africa and Asia.

Aridity
Aridity is the condition of geographical regions which make up approximately 43% of total global available land area, characterized by low annual precipitation, increased temperatures, and limited water availability. These areas tend to fall upon degraded soils, and their health and functioning are key necessities of regulating ecosystems’ atmospheric components.
Herodian kingdom
The Herodian kingdom was a client state of the Roman Republic, later Roman Empire, ruled from 37 to 4 BCE by Herod the Great, who was appointed "King of the Jews" by the Roman Senate. When Herod died, the kingdom was divided among his sons into the Herodian tetrarchy.

The Herodian kingdom included the regions of Judea, Idumea, Samaria, and Galilee, as well as several regions east of the Jordan River—Perea, Batanaea, Auranitis, and Trachonitis.

Jordan River
The Jordan River or River Jordan (Arabic: نَهْر الْأُرْدُنّ, Nahr al-ʾUrdunn; Hebrew: נְהַר הַיַּרְדֵּן, Nəhar hayYardēn), also known as Nahr Al-Sharieat (Arabic: نهر الشريعة), is a 251-kilometre-long (156 mi) endorheic river in the Levant that flows roughly north to south through the Sea of Galilee and drains to the Dead Sea. The river passes by or through Jordan, Syria, Israel, and Palestine.

Jordan and the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights border the river to the east, while Israel and the Israeli-occupied West Bank lie to its west. Both Jordan and the West Bank derive their names in relation to the river. The river holds major significance in Judaism and Christianity. According to the Bible, the Israelites crossed it into the Promised Land and Jesus of Nazareth was baptized by John the Baptist in it.