hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Percoll
Percoll is a reagent consisting of colloidal silica particles used in cell biology and other laboratory settings. It was first formulated by Pertoft and colleagues, and commercialized by Pharmacia Fine Chemicals. Percoll is used for the isolation of cells, organelles, or viruses by density centrifugation.

Percoll was developed from previously reported uses of colloidal silica nanoparticles coated with polysaccharides or polymers for rate zonal, isopycnic, or equilibrium centrifugal separations. Percoll itself specifically consists of polydisperse silica nanoparticles 15–30 nm diameter (23% w/w in water) which have been coated with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP).
Percoll is well suited for density gradient experiments because it possesses a low viscosity compared to alternatives, a low osmolarity, and no toxicity towards cells and their constituents.

Percoll is a registered trademark of Cytiva.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), also commonly called povidone, is a water-soluble polymer compound made from the monomer N-vinylpyrrolidone. PVP is available in a range of molecular weights and related viscosities, and can be selected according to the desired application properties.
Pheasant Rump Nakota First Nation
The Pheasant Rump Nakota First Nation (Assiniboine: Šiyónidè oyáde) is a First Nation in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan, who reside on the Pheasant Rump 68 Indian reserve near Kisbey. This band government contains three nations, which are Nakoda. The main community on the reserve lands is Warmley.

Signatories to Treaty 4 in 1876, the First Nation's reserve was established in 1881.

Assiniboine language
Assiniboine (/əˈsɪnəbɔɪn/; also known as Assiniboin, Hohe, or Nakota, Nakoda, Nakon or Nakona, or Stoney) is a Nakotan Siouan language of the Northern Plains. The name Assiniboine comes from the term Asiniibwaan, from Ojibwe, meaning 'Stone Siouans'. The reason they were called this was that Assiniboine people used heated stone to boil their food. In Canada, Assiniboine people are known as Stoney Indians, while they called themselves Nakota or Nakoda, meaning 'allies'.
Harry Gumbert
Harry Edwards Gumbert (November 5, 1909 – January 4, 1995), nicknamed "Gunboat", was an American pitcher in Major League Baseball whose career extended for 21 professional seasons, including 15 years and 508 games pitched in the big leagues. He threw right-handed and was listed at 6 feet 2 inches (1.88 m) tall and 185 pounds (84 kg). Gumbert was born in Elizabeth, Pennsylvania, and was the great-nephew of two 19th-century major league players, Ad and Billy Gumbert.

Elizabeth, Pennsylvania
Elizabeth is a borough in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, United States, on the east bank of the Monongahela River, where Pennsylvania Route 51 crosses, 15 miles (24 km) upstream (south) of Pittsburgh and close to the county line. The population was 1,398 at the 2020 census. The borough of Elizabeth is entirely contained within the 15037 USPS ZIP code. The local school district is the Elizabeth Forward School District. The borough is home to neighborhoods Walker Heights and Town Hill.
Jambongan Island
Jambongan Island (Malay: Pulau Jambongan/Jembongan; Bajau-Suluk: Jambangan) is located on the northern coast of Beluran District, Sabah in Malaysia. With an area of 113 square kilometres (44 sq mi), it is considered the second largest island in Sabah, located in Paitan Bay of the Sandakan Division. Its main settlement, the Jambongan town, is located on the southeast part of the island. As of 2019, the island has an estimated population of 5,000.

Sandakan Division
Sandakan Division (Malay: Bahagian Sandakan) is an administrative division of Sabah, Malaysia. It stretches diagonally from the northeastern coast of Sabah to the state's central region. With an area of 28,205 square kilometres, it occupies 38.3% of Sabah's territory, and is thus the largest of the five administrative divisions of Sabah. It also has approximately 19.4% of Sabah's total population, with the major inhabitants comprising the Chinese, Orang Sungai, Kadazan-Dusun, Suluk and Bajau Simunul.

The main towns are Sandakan, Beluran, Kinabatangan, Telupid and Tongod. Sandakan port is the
second largest after Kota Kinabalu. The port serves as a major timber export gateway. The Sandakan Airport serves the Sandakan division.
Cavaso del Tomba
Cavaso del Tomba is a comune with about 3000 inhabitants in the province of Treviso, Veneto, north-eastern Italy.  The municipality of Cavaso is spread over the southern flank of the buttress that extends from Monte Grappa towards the Piave River.  It includes various villages, along its main road: Obledo, Caniezza, Paveion, Pieve, Vettorazzi, Granigo and Virago.

Province of Treviso
The province of Treviso (Italian: provincia di Treviso) is a province in the Veneto region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Treviso. The province is surrounded by Belluno in the north, Vicenza in the west, Padua in southwest, Venice in the south-east and Friuli-Venezia Giulia in the east. The current President of Treviso province is Stefano Marcon, elected in December 2021 for second term. He is also the current mayor of Castelfranco Veneto.
Ruth Whitaker
Ruth Reed Whitaker (December 13, 1936 – November 10, 2014) was a Republican member of the Arkansas Senate, with service from 2001 to 2013.

Born in Blytheville in Mississippi County, Arkansas, Whitaker graduated from Heber Springs High School in Cleburne County and then attended Hendrix College in Conway, Arkansas. She resided in Fort Smith in Sebastian County and Cedarville in Crawford County. Prior to her election to the state Senate, Whitaker served on the Cedarville City Council.

She was married to Dr. T. J. Whittaker and they had two children. She died in Fayetteville, Arkansas.

Conway, Arkansas
Conway is a city in Faulkner County, Arkansas, United States, and its county seat. It had a population of 64,134 at the 2020 census, making Conway the eighth-most populous city in Arkansas. It is located within Central Arkansas and serves as a regional hub for Faulkner County and surrounding areas. Conway is home to three post-secondary educational institutions, earning it the nickname "The City of Colleges".
Steffi
Steffi is a feminine given name, often a short form (hypocorism) of Stephanie or Stefanie.

Steffi is the name of:

Steffi Duna (1910-1992), Hungarian-born film actress born Erzébet Berindey

Steffi Götzelt (born 1960), East German retired rower

Steffi Graf (born 1969), German former tennis player

Steffi Jacob (born 1975), German skeleton racer

Steffi Jones (born 1972), German football manager and retired defender

Stefanie Koch (born 1981), German ski mountaineer

Steffi Kräker (born 1960), East German retired gymnast

Steffi Kriegerstein (born 1992), German canoeist

Steffi Martin (born 1962), East German former luger

Steffi Nerius (born 1972), German javelin thrower

Steffi Scherzer (born 1957), German ballet dancer, director and instructor

Steffi Sieger (born 1988), German luger

Steffi Van Wyk (born 1995), Namibian model and Miss Namibia 2015

Steffi Martin
Steffi Martin Walter (17 September 1962 – 21 June 2017) was a German luger who competed during the 1980s, representing East Germany. She won two Olympic gold medals in the women's singles event, two gold medals at FIL World Luge Championships, one gold medal at FIL World Luge Championships, and two silver medals at FIL European Luge Championships.
Les Perelman
Leslie Cooper Perelman is an American scholar and authority on writing assessment. He is a critic of automated essay scoring (AES), and influenced the College Board's decision to terminate the Writing Section of the SAT.

Perelman is currently a research affiliate at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).  Perelman taught writing and composition at MIT, where he served as Director of Writing Across the Curriculum and an Associate Dean of Undergraduate Education. He was an executive committee member of the Conference on College Composition and Communication. and co-chair of its Committee on Assessment.

Conference on College Composition and Communication
The Conference on College Composition and Communication (CCCC, often referred to as "Four Cs" or "Cs") is a national professional association of college and university writing instructors in the United States. The CCCC formed in 1949 as a conference of the National Council of Teachers of English (NCTE). CCCC is the largest organization dedicated to writing research, theory, and teaching worldwide.
Type 05 amphibious fighting vehicle
The Type 05 amphibious armored vehicle (Chinese: 05式两栖装甲车) is a family of amphibious tracked armored fighting vehicles developed by Norinco for the People's Liberation Army Navy Marine Corps, consisting of two main combat variants — the ZBD-05 infantry fighting vehicle and the ZTD-05 assault vehicle, as well as several support variants based on the ZBD-05. The Type 05s could be launched at sea from an amphibious assault ship over the horizon, and feature a hydroplane, a design concept that has been compared to the cancelled United States Expeditionary Fighting Vehicle (EFV) program.

As the world's fastest amphibious combat vehicle, the Type 05 offers the unique high water speed (HWS) capability that emphasizes speedy landing operations. China is the only country to produce such unique high-speed amphibious fighting vehicles.

Combat vehicle
A ground combat vehicle, also known as a land assault vehicle or simply a combat vehicle or an assault vehicle, is a land-based military vehicle intended to be used for combat operations. They differ from non-combat military vehicles such as trucks in that they are designed for use in active combat zones, to be used in mechanized warfare and mobile infantry roles.

The classification of "combat vehicle" is a very broad category, and may include armored cars, armored personnel carriers, infantry fighting vehicles, infantry mobility vehicles, MRAPs, and tanks. Improvised fighting vehicles such as technicals can also count as combat vehicles. Most modern combat vehicles have vehicle armor, offensive or defensive weaponry, and sufficient space to carry passengers, equipment, or materiel; if the first two both apply, the vehicle may be considered an armored fighting vehicle.
Saskatchewan Highway 962
Highway 962 is an isolated provincial highway in the far north part of the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. For part of the year the highway is not connected to any other highway in the province, but during the winter months a winter road forms across Lake Athabasca, connecting to Highway 962 and allowing access to Fond-du-Lac and other communities to the east. It is about 40 kilometres (25 mi) long.

Highway 962 starts where the Uranium City Winter Road ends at Lake Athabasca, about 456 kilometres (283 mi) from the nearest major settlement, Fort McMurray, Alberta. It then passes through the communities of Uranium City and Eldorado before terminating at a dead end near Beaverlodge Lake.

Fond du Lac Denesuline First Nation
Fond du Lac Dene Nation (Chipewyan: Gánį Kóé) is a Dene First Nation located in the boreal forest area of northern Saskatchewan, Canada. The main settlement is Fond-du-Lac, situated on the east side of Lake Athabasca. It is a remote fly-in community. The population in 2011 was 874, mainly of Dene and Métis descent. 705 residents selected Dene as their mother tongue in 2011.

Fond du Lac is a geographic name meaning "far end of the lake" in the French language (literally it translates as "bottom of the lake").
Lance Armstrong doping case
United States Anti-Doping Agency v. Lance Armstrong, the Lance Armstrong doping case, was a major doping investigation that led to retired American road racing cyclist Lance Armstrong being stripped of his seven consecutive Tour de France titles, along with one Olympic medal, and his eventual admission to using performance-enhancing drugs. The United States Anti-Doping Agency (USADA) portrayed Armstrong as the ringleader of what it called "the most sophisticated, professionalized and successful doping program that sport has ever seen."

Performance-enhancing substance
Performance-enhancing substances (PESs), also known as performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs), are substances that are used to improve any form of activity performance in humans.

Many substances, such as anabolic steroids, can be used to improve athletic performance and build muscle, which in most cases is considered cheating by organized athletic organizations. This usage is often referred to as doping. Athletic performance-enhancing substances are sometimes referred to as ergogenic aids. Cognitive performance-enhancing drugs, commonly called nootropics, are sometimes used by students to improve academic performance. Performance-enhancing substances are also used by military personnel to enhance combat performance.
The Happy Marriage
The Happy Marriage is a 1952 comedy play written by the British actor John Clements. Inspired by Jean Bernard-Luc's French play  Le Complexe de Philémon, it premiered at the Grand Theatre in Leeds. It then transferred to the Duke of York's Theatre in London's West End where it ran for 367 performances from 7 August 1952 to 27 June 1953. The West End cast included Clements, Kay Hammond, Charles Lloyd-Pack, Michael Shepley and Frances Rowe.

Grand Theatre, Leeds
The Grand Theatre, also known as Leeds Grand Theatre and Leeds Grand Theatre and Opera House, is a theatre and opera house in Briggate, Leeds, West Yorkshire, England.  It seats approximately 1,500 people.
Murder of Bobby Greenlease
Robert Cosgrove Greenlease Jr. (February 3, 1947 – September 28, 1953) was a six-year-old from Kansas City, Missouri, United States, who was the victim of a kidnapping and homicide on September 28, 1953. His father, Robert Cosgrove Greenlease Sr., was a multi-millionaire auto dealer, and the demanded ransom payment was the largest in American history at the time.

Greenlease Jr.'s kidnappers, Carl Hall and Bonnie Heady, had no intention of returning him to his family; the child having been murdered before the ransom demand was even issued. Both perpetrators were sentenced to death and executed in Missouri's gas chamber in December 1953. Heady was the third woman ever to be executed by U.S. federal authorities.

Homicide
Homicide is an act in which a person causes the death of another person. A homicide requires only a volitional act, or an omission, that causes the death of another, and thus a homicide may result from accidental, reckless, or negligent acts even if there is no intent to cause harm.

Homicides can be divided into many overlapping legal categories, such as murder, manslaughter, justifiable homicide, assassination, killing in war (either following the laws of war or as a war crime), euthanasia, and capital punishment, depending on the circumstances of the death. These different types of homicides are often treated very differently in human societies; some are considered crimes, while others are permitted or even ordered by the legal system.
The Sun Ship Game
The Sun Ship Game is a 1971 documentary film about competition soaring in the United States. Shot in Cinéma vérité style by filmmaker Robert Drew, the film follows the adventures of George Moffat and Gleb Derujinsky as they vie for the title of US National Champion soaring pilot in 1969. While the film focuses primarily on the friendly rivalry between Moffat and Derujinsky, Moffat's truer nemesis in the film is Wally Scott, flying his Schleicher ASW 12.

In the film, Moffat and Derujinsky both fly Schempp-Hirth Cirrus sailplanes.

Robert Drew
Robert Lincoln Drew (February 15, 1924 – July 30, 2014) was an American documentary filmmaker known as one of the pioneers—and sometimes called father—of cinéma vérité, or direct cinema, in the United States.  Two of his films, Primary and Crisis: Behind a Presidential Commitment, have been named to the National Film Registry of the Library of Congress. The moving image collection of Robert Drew is housed at the Academy Film Archive. The Academy Film Archive has preserved a number of his films, including Faces of November, Herself: Indira Gandhi, and Bravo!/Kathy's Dance. His many awards include an International Documentary Association Career Achievement Award.
Stara Huta, Gmina Kartuzy
Stara Huta [ˈstara ˈxuta] (Kashubian: Stôrô Hëta) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kartuzy, within Kartuzy County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Kashubian language
Kashubian (/kəˈʃuːbiən/) or Cassubian (/kəˈsuːbiən/; endonym: kaszëbsczi jãzëk; Polish: język kaszubski) is a West Slavic language belonging to the Lechitic subgroup.

Approximately 87,600 people use mainly Kashubian at home. It is the only remnant of the Pomeranian language. It is close to standard Polish with influence from Low German and the extinct Polabian (West Slavic) and Old Prussian (West Baltic) languages.

The Kashubian language exists in two different forms: vernacular dialects used in rural areas, and literary variants used in education.
Big Bar Ferry
Big Bar Ferry is a cable ferry across the Fraser River in British Columbia, Canada. It is located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) north of the town of Lillooet and 72 kilometres (45 mi) west of Clinton.  6 km upstream from the ferry is French Bar Canyon (sometimes known as Big Bar Canyon), while downstream is High Bar Canyon (the ferry is located at one of the few places possible for a river crossing accessible by road from both sides in this area).
The ferry connects the dirt ranch road up the west side of the Fraser from Lillooet to Big Bar and Kostering, which connect via road to Jesmond and Big Bar Lake, and beyond to BC Highway 97.

Fraser River
The Fraser River (/ˈfreɪzər/) is the longest river within British Columbia, Canada, rising at Fraser Pass near Blackrock Mountain in the Rocky Mountains and flowing for 1,375 kilometres (854 mi), into the Strait of Georgia just south of the City of Vancouver. The river's annual discharge at its mouth is 112 cubic kilometres (27 mi3) or 3,550 cubic metres per second (125,000 cu ft/s), and each year, it discharges about 20 million tons of sediment into the ocean.
Dollar General
Dollar General Corporation is an American chain of discount stores headquartered in Goodlettsville, Tennessee. As of January 8, 2024, Dollar General operated 20,388 stores in the contiguous United States and Mexico.

The company began in 1939 in Scottsville, Kentucky, as a family-owned business called J.L. Turner and Son, owned by James Luther Turner and Cal Turner. In 1955, the name changed to Dollar General Corporation; in 1968 the company went public on the New York Stock Exchange. The Fortune 500 recognized Dollar General in 1999, and in 2020 it reached No. 112 on the list. Dollar General has grown to become one of the most profitable stores in the rural United States, with revenue reaching around $27 billion in 2019.

The company and its business practices have been subject to criticism, particularly regarding how it may be creating and perpetuating food deserts and stifling local businesses while offering fewer and lower-paying jobs.

Fortune 500
The Fortune 500 is an annual list compiled and published by Fortune magazine that ranks 500 of the largest United States corporations by total revenue for their respective fiscal years. The list includes publicly held companies, along with privately held companies for which revenues are publicly available. The concept of the Fortune 500 was created by Edgar P. Smith, a Fortune editor, and the first list was published in 1955. The Fortune 500 is more commonly used than its subset Fortune 100 or superset Fortune 1000.
2023 Cork Senior A Football Championship
The 2023 Cork Senior A Football Championship was the fourth staging of the Cork Senior A Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 2020. The draw for the group stage placings took place on 11 December 2022. The championship ran from 28 July to 11 November 2023.

The final was played on 11 November 2023 at Páirc Uí Chaoimh in Cork, between Newcestown and Dohenys, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Newcestown won the match by 0-13 to 0-08 to claim their first ever championship title. They were the first team to complete the double, having earlier claimed the Cork SAHC title.

Newcestown's David Buckley was the championship's top scorer with 0-37.

Double (Gaelic games)
The Double is a term in Gaelic games that refers to a county winning the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship and the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship in the same year.  Other major trophies won in combination in the same year at minor or under-21 levels are also often referred to as doubles.  Similarly, the winning of the All-Ireland and the National League titles in the same year may also be referred to as the Double.
Neil Stratford
Neil Stratford FSA (b. 26 April 1938), a London born medievalist and Keeper Emeritus of Medieval and Later Antiquities at the British Museum, is recognised as a leading authority on Romanesque and Gothic art and sculpture. He was one of the founding members of the Corpus of Romanesque Sculpture in Britain and Ireland and is the Herbert Franke Chair at the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres where he is an elected foreign member.

Romanesque art
Romanesque art is the art of Europe from approximately 1000 AD to the rise of the Gothic style in the 12th century, or later depending on region. The preceding period is known as the Pre-Romanesque period. The term was invented by 19th-century art historians, especially for Romanesque architecture, which retained many basic features of Roman architectural style – most notably round-headed arches, but also barrel vaults, apses, and acanthus-leaf decoration – but had also developed many very different characteristics.

In southern France, Spain, and Italy there was an architectural continuity with the Late Antique, but the Romanesque style was the first style to spread across the whole of Catholic Europe, from Sicily to Scandinavia. Romanesque art was also greatly influenced by Byzantine art, especially in painting, and by the anti-classical energy of the decoration of the Insular art of the British Isles. From these elements was forged a highly innovative and coherent style.
Ancient Diocese of Carpentras
44°03′N 5°03′E﻿ / ﻿44.05°N 5.05°E﻿ / 44.05; 5.05

Carpentras (Lat. dioecesis Carpentoratensis) was a  diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the Provence region (later part of France), from the later Roman Empire until 1801.  It was part of the ecclesiastical province under the Metropolitan, the Archbishop of Arles. The bishop was a major figure in the Comtat Venaissin, and a member of the Estates of the Comtat. He was a direct appointee of the pope.

National Constituent Assembly (France)
The National Constituent Assembly (French: Assemblée nationale constituante) was a constituent assembly in the Kingdom of France formed from the National Assembly on 9 July 1789 during the first stages of the French Revolution. It dissolved on 30 September 1791 and was succeeded by the Legislative Assembly.