hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Coldest Winter: America and the Korean War
The Coldest Winter: America and the Korean War is a non-fiction book by the author David Halberstam. It was published posthumously in 2007, after his sudden death in a traffic collision at the age of 73.

The book was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize for History in 2008.

Pulitzer Prize for History
The Pulitzer Prize for History, administered by Columbia University, is one of the seven American Pulitzer Prizes that are annually awarded for Letters, Drama, and Music. It has been presented since 1917 for a distinguished book about the history of the United States. Thus it is one of the original Pulitzers, for the program was inaugurated in 1917 with seven prizes, four of which were awarded that year. The Pulitzer Prize program has also recognized some historical work with its Biography prize, from 1917, and its General Nonfiction prize, from 1962.

Finalists have been announced since 1980, ordinarily two others beside the winner.
Hitoshi Nagai
Hitoshi Nagai (永井 均, Nagai Hitoshi, born November 10, 1951) is one of the most influential Japanese philosophers, who taught philosophy at Chiba University and later at Nihon University. His main research fields are metaphysics and metaethics. His books include "Philosophy for Kids!" and "A Transfer Student and Black Jack: A Seminar on Solipsity," which interpret solipsism from a unique metaphysical point of view. Nagai's philosophy has been heavily influenced by Wittgenstein, however, his philosophy successfully elucidates an important aspect of solipsism which Wittgenstein could not fully express in his philosophical works. Nagai stresses that the solipsistic subject (such as "I!") can be pointed to by using the public language, but the trial of this pointing ought to be failed every time because of the unique function of our public language. He calls this characteristic "solipsity".

Nihon University
Nihon University (日本大学, Nihon Daigaku; lit. 'Japan University'), abbreviated as Nichidai (日大), is a private research university in Japan. Its predecessor, Nihon Law School (currently the Department of Law), was founded by Yamada Akiyoshi, the Minister of Justice, in 1889. The university's name is derived from the Japanese word "Nihon" meaning Japan. Nihon University now has 16 colleges and 87 departments, 20 postgraduate schools, one junior college which is composed of five departments, one correspondence division, 32 research institutes and three hospitals. The number of students exceeds 70,000 and is the largest in Japan.
Unai Hualde
Unai Hualde Iglesias (born 25 July 1976) is a Navarrese politician from the Basque National Party and a leading member of the coalition Geroa Bai. He is the president of the Basque National Party in Navarre, as well as a Member of the Parliament of Navarre since 2015. He served as the First Vice-president of the Parliament of Navarre from 2015 to 2019, during its 9th term. In 2019 he was elected as the President of the Parliament of Navarre for its 10th term. He was re-elected in 2023.

Parliament of Navarre
The Parliament of Navarre (Spanish Parlamento de Navarra, Basque Nafarroako Parlamentua) or also known as Cortes de Navarra (in Spanish) or Nafarroako Gorteak (in Basque) is the Navarre autonomous unicameral parliament.
January Offensive (War in Abkhazia)
The January Offensive or the Battle of Sokhumi was a battle between Georgia and Abkhazian separatists during the War in Abkhazia. It took place between January 5–6, 1993, alongside the banks of the Gumista River.

Abkhazians
The Abkhaz people, sometimes referred to as the Abkhazians, are a Northwest Caucasian ethnic group native to Abkhazia—a disputed region on the northeastern coast of the Black Sea. A large Abkhaz diaspora population resides in Turkey, the origins of which lie in the Caucasian War in the late 19th century. Many Abkhaz also live in other parts of the former Soviet Union, particularly in Russia and Ukraine.
Flathead grey mullet
The flathead grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) is an important food fish species in the mullet family Mugilidae. It is found in coastal temperate, tropical and subtropical waters worldwide.  Its length is typically 30 to 75 centimetres (12 to 30 in). It is known with numerous English names, including the flathead mullet, striped mullet (US, American Fisheries Society name), black mullet, bully mullet, common mullet, grey mullet, sea mullet and mullet, among others.

The flathead grey mullet is a mainly diurnal coastal species that often enters estuaries and rivers. It usually schools over sand or mud bottoms, feeding on zooplankton, dead plant matter, microalgae and detritus. The adult fish normally feed on algae in fresh water. The species is euryhaline, meaning that the fish can acclimate to different levels of salinity.

Fillet (cut)
A fillet or filet (UK: /ˈfɪlɪt/ FIL-it, US: /fɪˈleɪ/ fil-AY; French loanword, pronounced [filɛ]) is a boneless portion of meat (including fish) cut from an animal. A cut or slice of meat is often a prime ingredient in many cuisines, and many dishes call for a specific type of fillet as one of the ingredients.
Jeu de cartes (Stravinsky)
Jeu de cartes (also known in English as A Card Game, Game of Cards, or Card Party) is a ballet in "three deals" by Igor Stravinsky based on a libretto he co-wrote with Nikita Malayev, a friend of his eldest son Théodore. It was commissioned in November 1935, written late the next year, and premiered by the American Ballet at the old Metropolitan Opera House in New York on 27 April 1937 with the composer conducting. Its European premiere followed on 13 October at the Semperoper in Dresden, where Karl Böhm conducted the Staatskapelle Dresden.

The idea of basing the ballet on a game of poker did not occur to Stravinsky until after August 1936, when the story took shape. The main character is the deceitful Joker who fancies himself unbeatable owing to his ability to transform into any card.

Joker (playing card)
The Joker is a playing card found in most modern French-suited card decks, as an addition to the standard four suits (Clubs, Diamonds, Hearts, and Spades). Since the second half of the 20th century, they have also been found in Spanish- and Italian-suited decks, excluding stripped decks.

The Joker originated in the United States during the Civil War, and was created as a trump card for the game of Euchre. It has since been adopted into many other card games, where it often acts as a wild card, but may have other functions such as the top trump, a skip card (forcing another player to miss a turn), the lowest-ranking card, the highest-value card, or a card of a different value from the rest of the pack (see e.g. Zwicker which has six Jokers with this function).

By contrast, a wild card is any card that may be used to represent another card or cards – it does not need to be a Joker.
Armida al campo d'Egitto
Armida al campo d'Egitto is an opera in three acts by Antonio Vivaldi to a libretto by Giovanni Palazzi.  It was first performed during the Carnival season of 1718 at the Teatro San Moisè in Venice. Vivaldi's version is different from the more than 50 operas whose themes derive in varying degrees from the story of Rinaldo and Armida in Torquato Tasso's epic poem La Gerusalemme liberata (Jerusalem Delivered). Unlike the more than 50 operas based on the romance of Rinaldo and Armida, Vivaldi's version starts during previous events before the war against the Crusaders. Armida was revived for the Carnival season of 1738, with much of the music rewritten, and arias by Leonardo Leo added. Act II of the original version of the opera is now lost.

Torquato Tasso
Torquato Tasso (/ˈtæsoʊ/ TASS-oh, also US: /ˈtɑːsoʊ/ TAH-soh, Italian: [torˈkwaːto ˈtasso]; 11 March 1544 – 25 April 1595) was an Italian poet of the 16th century, known for his 1581 poem Gerusalemme liberata (Jerusalem Delivered), in which he depicts a highly imaginative version of the combats between Christians and Muslims at the end of the First Crusade, during the Siege of Jerusalem of 1099.

Tasso had a mental illness and died a few days before he was to be crowned on the Capitoline Hill as the king of poets by Pope Clement VIII. His work was widely translated and adapted, and until the beginning of the 20th century, he remained one of the most widely read poets in Europe.
Jean-Christophe Péraud
Jean-Christophe Péraud (born 22 May 1977) is a retired French cyclist who rode for Omega Pharma–Lotto and AG2R La Mondiale during his professional career. He was a member of the French team at the 2008 and 2012 Summer Olympics.

La Méditerranéenne
La Méditerranéenne, previously known as Le Tour Méditerranéen, was a professional road bicycle racing event held in Spain, France and Italy, close to the Mediterranean Sea. Run over four days, it holds a 2.1 rating on the UCI Europe Tour.

The event is part of a series of stage races being held in the south of France in February, alongside the Étoile de Bessèges, the Tour du Haut Var and the Tour La Provence. These early-season races are competed mainly by French teams and are considered preparations for Paris–Nice, the first European World Tour event in March.
Dark Rift
Dark Rift is a 1997 fighting video game developed by Kronos Digital Entertainment and published by Vic Tokai for the Nintendo 64 and Microsoft Windows. It is notable for being the first N64 game to run at 60 frames per second.

Though Dark Rift has been referred to as the Nintendo 64's first native fighting game, in actuality it started development as a Sega Saturn game. In addition, it was originally announced that the Windows version of the game would precede the Nintendo 64 version by one month.

Frame rate
Frame rate, commonly expressed in frame/s, frames per second, or FPS, is typically the frequency (rate) at which consecutive images (frames) are captured or displayed. This definition applies to film and video cameras, computer animation, and motion capture systems. In these contexts, frame rate may be used interchangeably with frame frequency and refresh rate, which are expressed in hertz (Hz). Additionally, in the context of computer graphics performance, FPS is the rate at which a system, particularly a GPU, is able to generate frames, and refresh rate is the frequency at which a display shows completed frames. In electronic camera specifications frame rate refers to the maximum possible rate frames could be captured, but in practice, other settings (such as exposure time) may reduce the actual frequency to a lower number than the frame rate.
Mike Epps: Only One Mike
Mike Epps: Only One Mike is a 2019 Netflix stand-up comedy special by American comic Mike Epps, directed by Kevin Bray. It is Epps' second Netflix stand-up special, following Mike Epps: Don't Take it Personal (2015).

The special was filmed on November 3, 2018, at DAR Constitution Hall in Washington, D.C. Epps discusses sexual misconduct, special education and aging. It was released on June 25, 2019, on Netflix streaming.

DAR Constitution Hall
DAR Constitution Hall is a concert hall located at 1776 D Street NW, near the White House in Washington, D.C. It was built in 1929 by the Daughters of the American Revolution to house its annual convention when membership delegations outgrew Memorial Continental Hall. The two buildings were later connected by a third structure, which houses DAR Museum, administrative offices, and genealogical library. DAR Constitution Hall is still owned and operated by the National Society of Daughters of the American Revolution. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1985. It has been a major cultural center of the city since its construction, and houses its largest auditorium.
Gobbledigook (song)
"Gobbledigook" is the first track on Sigur Rós' album Með suð í eyrum við spilum endalaust. It premiered on Zane Lowe's Radio 1 show in the UK on 27 May 2008.

On the European cover of the album, the song's title is spelled "Gobbeldigook". This song was number 55 on Rolling Stone's list of the 100 Best Songs of 2008; it also placed at number 71 in Pitchfork Media's "The 100 Best Tracks of 2008" list.

This song is also available on the video game Rocksmith from Ubisoft.

Ubisoft
Ubisoft Entertainment SA (/ˈjuːbisɒft/; French: [ybisɔft]; formerly Ubi Soft Entertainment SA) is a French video game publisher headquartered in Saint-Mandé with development studios across the world. Its video game franchises include Anno, Assassin's Creed, Driver, Far Cry, Just Dance, Prince of Persia, Rabbids, Rayman, Tom Clancy's, and Watch Dogs.

Ubisoft is led by chairman and CEO Yves Guillemot. The company first achieved commercial and critical success with their 1995 platform game Rayman. In 1996, the company began to expand to other parts of the world, opening studios in Shanghai, Montreal and Milan. In recent years, Ubisoft has struggled financially, reporting a strong decline in revenue in 2024 and laying off 700 employees in 2025.
All My Heroes Are Dead
All My Heroes Are Dead is the third studio album from New York City hip hop artist R.A. the Rugged Man. The album was released on April 17, 2020, by Nature Sounds. It is the follow-up to 2013's Legends Never Die. The album features guest appearances from Ghostface Killah, Inspectah Deck, Masta Killa, Kool G Rap, Ice-T, Chuck D, Timbo King, Atmosphere, Vinnie Paz, Eamon, Onyx, M.O.P., and Brand Nubian. The album's production was handled by Prince Paul, Psycho Les, Mr. Green, The Kickdrums and Classified, among others.

The Beatnuts
The Beatnuts is an American hip hop group and production duo from New York City. Its current members are JuJu and Psycho Les. JuJu (born Jerry Tineo on December 14, 1968) is a Dominican American from Corona and Psycho Les (born Lester Fernandez on April 10, 1970) is a Colombian American from Jackson Heights, Queens. Although only peripheral members, they are routinely acknowledged by Q-Tip as being members of Native Tongues. The Beatnuts were originally a trio before Fashion (born Berntony Smalls on January 13, 1970), now known as Al' Tariq, left the group to start a solo career. V.I.C. (Groove Merchantz, Ghetto Pros) was also a member of The Beatnuts' production team for a while.
Roman van Ferguut
The Roman van Ferguut (English: Romance of Fergus) is a 13th-century Arthurian romance written in what is now called Middle Dutch (historically classified as [Low] German). The first part of the Roman was translated fairly accurately from the Scottish French language work known as the Roman de Fergus, but the second part, possibly the work of another author, was much more loosely derived. The Roman van Ferguut today has wide fame as a Dutch classic, certainly more fame than the Roman de Fergus possesses in either Scotland or France. The only manuscript of Ferguut is kept at Leiden University Libraries. A digital version is also available.

In 2000, it was translated into English by the American scholar David F Johnson.

Middle Dutch
Middle Dutch is a collective name for a number of closely related West Germanic dialects whose ancestor was Old Dutch. It was spoken and written between 1150 and 1500. Until the advent of Modern Dutch after 1500 or c. 1550, there was no overarching standard language, but all dialects were mutually intelligible. During that period, a rich Medieval Dutch literature developed, which had not yet existed during Old Dutch. The various literary works of the time are often very readable for speakers of Modern Dutch since Dutch is a rather conservative language.
Greg Smith (Kansas politician)
Greg Smith (born October 8, 1959) is a former Republican member of the Kansas Senate, representing the 21st district from 2013 to 2017. Previously he was a member of the Kansas House of Representatives, representing District 22 from 2011 to 2013. 
He is the father of the murdered Kelsey Smith and created the Kelsey Smith Foundation to remember her.

Murder of Kelsey Smith
Kelsey Ann Smith (May 3, 1989 – June 2, 2007) was a teenager from Overland Park, Kansas who was abducted after concluding a shopping trip at Target on June 2, 2007, and was murdered that evening. The story was featured in the international media, including on America's Most Wanted, before her body was found near a lake in Missouri on June 6, 2007.
Ramaria rubiginosa
Ramaria rubiginosa is a coral mushroom in the family Gomphaceae. It is found in North America.

The fruiting body is 6–12 cm tall and 4–10 cm wide. It is mostly white, with branch tips more yellow. The stalk is up to 4 cm wide, staining red due to bruising or age. The spores are yellowish.

Similar species include Ramaria acrisiccescens and Ramaria pallida.

Clavarioid fungi
The clavarioid fungi are a group of fungi in the Basidiomycota typically having erect, simple or branched basidiocarps (fruit bodies) that are formed on the ground, on decaying vegetation, or on dead wood. They are colloquially called club fungi and coral fungi.

Originally such fungi were referred to the genus Clavaria ("clavarioid" means Clavaria-like), but it is now known that clavarioid species are not all closely related. Since they are often studied as a group, it is convenient to retain the informal (non-taxonomic) name of "clavarioid fungi" and this term is frequently used in research papers.
Ridley (Metroid)
Ridley (Japanese: リドリー, Hepburn: Ridorī), also known in-universe by the alias Cunning God of Death, is a character and a major antagonist in the Metroid series. An evil and aggressive draconic extraterrestrial, he became Samus Aran's archnemesis after murdering the latter's parents as he led a Space Pirate raid on her home planet. Though destroyed numerous times by Samus, he is repeatedly resurrected through various means.

Originally appearing as a subordinate of Mother Brain (another primary antagonist), he returns in Metroid Prime and Metroid Prime 3: Corruption in his cybernetic Meta Ridley form, commanding the Space Pirates himself. Ridley is killed during the events of Super Metroid, though a clone of him introduced in Metroid: Other M persists after his death. Ridley has been met with a largely positive response since his debut, and has garnered a large fan-base regarding his presence in the Super Smash Bros. crossover fighting game franchise.

Masahiro Sakurai
Masahiro Sakurai (桜井 政博, Sakurai Masahiro; born August 3, 1970) is a Japanese video game director and game designer best known as the creator of the Kirby and Super Smash Bros. series. Apart from his work on those series, he also led the design of Meteos in 2005 and directed Kid Icarus: Uprising in 2012.

Formerly an employee of HAL Laboratory, Sakurai left the company in 2003 and in 2005 with his wife Michiko Sakurai (also ex-HAL Laboratory) founded their company Sora Ltd., under which they work on a freelance basis. He was also an author of a weekly column for Famitsu magazine from 2003 to 2021, and has done voice acting work in some of his games, most notably providing the voice of King Dedede in Kirby 64: The Crystal Shards and the Super Smash Bros. series. From 2022 to 2024, Sakurai ran an educational YouTube channel, Masahiro Sakurai on Creating Games, which discussed various topics in game design and his career.
Shelbourne F.C. (women)
Shelbourne Football Club is an Irish association football club based in Northside, Dublin. It currently plays in the League of Ireland Women's Premier Division. They have also fielded teams in the Dublin Women's Soccer League, the Metropolitan Girls League and the North Dublin Schoolboys/Girls League. They are the current FAI Women's Cup holders after defeating Athlone Town 6:1 at Tallaght Stadium in the 2024 final, and the current FAI Women’s President’s Cup holders after defeating Athlone Town in the 2025 curtain raiser.

Tallaght Stadium
Tallaght Stadium (Irish: Staid Thamhlachta) is an association football stadium in Ireland based in Tallaght, South Dublin. The club Shamrock Rovers originally announced details of the stadium in July 1996. The stadium is now owned and operated by South Dublin County Council with Shamrock Rovers as the anchor tenants.
Alan McDonald (minister)
Alan Douglas McDonald (6 March 1951 – 29 September 2025) was a Scottish parish minister who was the moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, from the Assembly of May 2006 until May 2007.

Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland
The moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland is the minister or elder chosen to moderate (chair) the annual General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, which is held for a week in Edinburgh every year. After chairing the Assembly, the Moderator then spends the following year representing the Church of Scotland at civic events, and visiting congregations and projects in Scotland and beyond.

As the Church of Scotland is Scotland's national church, and as a presbyterian church has no bishops, the Moderator is – arguably alongside the Lord High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland – the most prominent figure in the life of Church of Scotland adherents.
Mercury-Redstone 1
Mercury-Redstone 1 (MR-1) was the first Mercury-Redstone uncrewed flight test in Project Mercury and the first attempt to launch a Mercury spacecraft with the Mercury-Redstone Launch Vehicle. Intended to be an uncrewed sub-orbital spaceflight, it was launched on November 21, 1960 from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida. The launch failed in an abnormal fashion: immediately after the Mercury-Redstone rocket started to move, it shut itself down and settled back on the pad, after which the capsule jettisoned its escape rocket and deployed its recovery parachutes. The failure has been referred to as the four-inch flight, for the approximate distance traveled by the launch vehicle.

NASA Gift Shop in Silicon Valley
The NASA Ames Visitor Center is a visitor center at the entrance of NASA's Ames Research Center in Moffett Field, California. The center has the following exhibits:

The Mercury-Redstone 1A capsule, launched in 1960 in a suborbital flight, which achieved an altitude of 130.7 miles.

A high-resolution immersive theater with a 14-foot tall and 36-foot wide screen. The theater sometimes shows movies with footage from NASA's explorations of Mars and the planets, and about the contributions of the scientists at the NASA Ames Research Center.

A model of the SOFIA aircraft, designed for infrared astronomy observations in the stratosphere.

A large globe of the planet Mars.

The gift shop sells space and NASA-related memorabilia. The hours are Monday to Friday, 10 AM to 6 PM, and 10 AM to 5 PM on weekends. It is closed for Federal Holidays.
George Burgess (politician)
George Arthur Burgess (2 November 1863 – 8 February 1941) was an Australian politician.

He was born at Mara Creek to publican George Edward Burgess and Mary Grimley. He attended primary school until the age of twelve, after which he worked as a shearer and farmer in the Coonamble district. On 27 January 1896 he married Florence Clark, with whom he would have five children.

An organiser and local secretary of the Australian Workers' Union, he was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly in 1901 as the Labor member for Young. Young was abolished in 1904 and replaced by Burrangong which Burgess successfully contested in 1904. and remained on the Labor backbench until the conscription split of 1916, when, as a supporter of conscription, he followed Premier William Holman into the Nationalist Party. He lost his seat as a Nationalist candidate in 1917.

Burgess died at Liverpool in 1941 (aged 77).

Electoral district of Burrangong
Burrangong was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales created in the 1904 re-distribution of electorates following the 1903 New South Wales referendum, which required the number of members of the Legislative Assembly to be reduced from 125 to 90. It was named after Burrangong station, the first squatting run in the Young area and consisted of parts of the abolished districts of Boorowa, Grenfell and Young. In 1920, with the introduction of proportional representation, it was absorbed along with Yass into Cootamundra.