hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Durgin
Durgin is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bob Durgin (1943–2018), American radio personality

Calvin T. Durgin (1893–1965), U.S. Navy vice admiral

Doranna Durgin, American author

Dorothy Durgin (1825–1898), American teacher and eldress of the Canterbury Shaker community

Ezra Durgin (1796–1863), American politician

Harriet Thayer Durgin (1843–1912), American artist

Lawrence L. Durgin (1918–1981), American Congregational minister and social activist

Lyle Durgin (1845–1904), American artist

William B. Durgin Company, an American silversmith

Lyle Durgin
M. Lyle Durgin (February 3, 1845 – November 2, 1904) was a 19th-century American artist from the U.S. state of Massachusetts, who specialized in portraiture and murals. A graduate of New Hampton Institute, New Hampshire, she studied art in Paris where she exhibited in the Salon. After returning to the US, she shared a studio with her sister, Harriet Thayer Durgin, in Copley Square, Boston. Durgin is remembered for designing and executing the murals at the First Congregational Church of Detroit, Michigan.
Al-Siyasa al-Shar'iyya fi Islah al-Ra'i wa al-Ra'iyya
Al-Siyasa al-Shar'iyya fi Islah al-Ra'i wa al-Ra'iyya (meaning: The politics or policy of the Shariah (Islam) in purifying the ruler and the ruled) is a book written by Ibn Taymiyyah which he wrote about political aspects of Islam in the form of a letter to a guardian of Islamic authority. It covered what a Muslim ruler should do in fulfilling his trust and ruling among the people justly within the limits of Islamic law. It included explanation of just politics and the righteous guardianship of the ruler was given as Allah sees it from every ruler.

Kadızade Mehmed translated the book into Ottoman Turkish with additions and comments, called it "The Crown of Letters and the Path of Ways", and presented it to Murad IV.

Ulu'l-amr
In Islamic culture, the term ulu'l-amr (Arabic: أولو الأمر) or uli'l-amr (Arabic: أولي الأمر) refers to "those charged with authority or responsibility or decision, or the settlement of affairs". It is referenced in the 59th verse of the fourth chapter of the Qur'an, and outlines the necessity of Islamic followers to obey the control of Allah, Muhammad and those in authority as long as they too obey Allah and Muhammad. They are seen as the leaders and scholars of Islamic culture.
Stephen Jelicich
Stephen Albert Jelicich ONZM (1 March 1923 – 19 December 2015) was a New Zealand architect and historian. He was one of the founders of JASMaD, which grew to become one of New Zealand's largest architectural firms.

Jasmax
Jasmax is a New Zealand–Australian architectural firm with a head office based in Auckland. It was co-founded by Richard Harris in 1989. They have worked on iconic buildings in New Zealand including the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa in Wellington, the Auckland Town Hall, and the City Rail Link project in Auckland was the first New Zealand project to be recognised by the World Architecture Festival.
Saint Joan (play)
Saint Joan is a play by George Bernard Shaw about the 15th-century French military figure Joan of Arc. It is divided into six scenes and a final epilogue. It was first produced in New York in December 1923 and opened in London three months later.

Written after Joan's canonisation by the Roman Catholic Church, the play depicts her progress from peasant girl to military leader, her subsequent trial for heresy and her execution.

The central role of Joan was written for the actress Sybil Thorndike but it was Shaw's usual practice between 1920 and the mid-1930s to have his plays premiered by the Theatre Guild in New York. Winifred Lenihan was cast as Joan in the guild's production. Thorndike played the role in the London premiere three months later, and in three revivals over the next seven years.

The play reflects Shaw's belief that the people involved in Joan's trial acted according to what they thought was right.

Canonization of Joan of Arc
Joan of Arc (1412–1431) was formally canonized as a saint of the Roman Catholic Church on 16 May 1920 by Pope Benedict XV in his bull Divina disponente, which concluded the canonization process that the Sacred Congregation of Rites instigated after a petition of 1869 of the French Catholic hierarchy. Although pro-English clergy had Joan burnt at the stake for heresy in 1431, she was rehabilitated in 1456 after a posthumous retrial. Subsequently, she became a folk saint among French Catholics and soldiers inspired by her story of being commanded by God to fight for France against England. Many French regimes encouraged her cult, and the Third Republic was sympathetic to the canonization petition prior to the 1905 separation of church and state.
Essexite
Essexite ( /ˈɛsəkˌsaɪt/), also called nepheline monzogabbro (/ˈnɛfəˌlɪn ˌmɒnzoʊˈɡæbroʊ, -ˌliːn-/), is a dark gray or black holocrystalline plutonic igneous rock. Its name is derived from the type locality in Essex County, Massachusetts, in the United States.

Modern petrology identifies rocks according to mineralogical criteria. Utilising the IUGS QAPF diagram of Streckeisen (1974) "essexite" is more formally known as nepheline monzodiorite or nepheline monzogabbro depending on the ratio of orthoclase to plagioclase and the abundance of nepheline.

Intrusive rock
Intrusive rock is formed when magma penetrates existing rock, crystallizes, and solidifies underground to form intrusions, such as batholiths, dikes, sills, laccoliths, and volcanic necks.

Intrusion is one of the two ways igneous rock can form. The other is extrusion, such as a volcanic eruption or similar event. An intrusion is any body of intrusive igneous rock, formed from magma that cools and solidifies within the crust of the planet. In contrast, an extrusion consists of extrusive rock, formed above the surface of the crust.

Some geologists use the term plutonic rock synonymously with intrusive rock, but other geologists subdivide intrusive rock, by crystal size, into coarse-grained plutonic rock (typically formed deeper in the Earth's crust in batholiths or stocks) and medium-grained subvolcanic or hypabyssal rock (typically formed higher in the crust in dikes and sills).
Marianne Herbert
Marianne Theresa Herbert (born 2 December 1981) is an Irish former cricketer who played as a right-arm medium bowler. She appeared in 15 One Day Internationals and 5 Twenty20 Internationals for Ireland between 2002 and 2009, including being part of Ireland's squad for the 2005 Women's Cricket World Cup. She also played in the 2015 Women's Super 3s for Scorchers.

Scorchers (women's cricket)
Scorchers are an Irish women's cricket team that compete in the Women's Super Series. The team has no geographical base, instead being made up of some of the best players from across Ireland. They are captained by Gaby Lewis and coached by Claire Terblanche. They have won seven Super Series tournaments.
Luther Thomas
Luther Thomas was an alto saxophonist and multi-instrumentalist from St. Louis.

He is known for his free jazz playing drawing also on funk. He was involved with the Black Artists Group starting in the 1960s, played in the Human Arts Ensemble with Charles Bobo Shaw in the 1970s, and led a group called Dizzazz in the early 1980s. He has also played saxophone for James Chance and the Contortions.   Thomas-led sessions from the early 1970s have been reissued on CD as part of Atavistic Records' Unheard Music Series.  Luther Thomas was born on June 23, 1950, and died on September 8, 2009.

James Chance and the Contortions
James Chance and the Contortions (initially known simply as Contortions, a spin-off group is called James White and the Blacks) was a musical group led by saxophonist and vocalist James Chance, formed in 1977. They were a central act of New York City's downtown no wave music scene in the late 1970s, and were featured on the influential compilation No New York (1978).
Allium ramosum
Allium ramosum, called fragrant-flowered garlic or Chinese chives is a northern Asian species of wild onion native to Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Siberia, the Russian Far East, and northern China (Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Xinjiang).  The species is also naturalized in a few places in eastern Europe.  In its native range, it grows at elevations of 500–2100 m.

Allium ramosum has clusters of narrow bulbs. Scapes are up to 60 cm tall. Leaves are linear, keeled, shorter than the scape. Umbels have many flowers crowded together. Tepals are white or pale red with a red midvein.

Umbel
In botany, an umbel is an inflorescence that consists of a number of short flower stalks (called pedicels) that spread from a common point, somewhat like umbrella ribs. The word was coined in botanical usage in the 1590s, from Latin umbella "parasol, sunshade". The arrangement can vary from being flat-topped to almost spherical. Umbels can be simple or compound. The secondary umbels of compound umbels are known as umbellules or umbellets. A small umbel is called an umbellule. The arrangement of the inflorescence in umbels is referred to as umbellate, or occasionally subumbellate (almost umbellate).

Umbels are a characteristic of plants such as carrot, parsley, dill, and fennel in the family Apiaceae; ivy, Aralia and Fatsia in the family Araliaceae; and onion (Allium) in the family Alliaceae.

An umbel is a type of indeterminate inflorescence.
A compressed cyme, which is a determinate inflorescence, is called umbelliform if it resembles an umbel.
Bill Green (hammer thrower)
William Green (born April 28, 1960) is an American former track and field athlete. He is a former United States record holder and finished fifth in the hammer throw in the 1984 Olympic Games in Los Angeles, California.

USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships
The USA Track & Field Outdoor Championships is an annual track and field competition organized by USA Track & Field, which serves as the American national championships for the sport. Since the year 1992, in the years which feature a Summer Olympics, World Athletics Championships, Pan American Games, NACAC Championships, or an IAAF Continental Cup, the championships serve as a way of selecting the best athletes for those competitions.
Savyolovo railway station
Savyolovo (Russian: Савёлово) is a railway station located in Savyolovo, Kimry, Tver Oblast in Russia. The station was intended to serve the town of Kimry, with which Savyolovo eventually merged, on the opposite bank of the river. The name of the terminus, Savyolovo, became the name of the Savyolovsky Suburban Line of the October Railway, as well as its Moscow terminus, Moscow Savyolovsky railway station.

Kimry
Kimry (Russian: Ки́мры), formerly Kimra (Кимра), is a town in the south of Tver Oblast, Russia, located on the Volga River at its confluence with the Kimrka River, 133 kilometers (83 mi) to the east of Tver. Population:  49,628 (2010 Census); 53,650 (2002 Census); 61,535 (1989 Soviet census).
Belling
Belling is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Charles Reginald Belling (1884–1965), manufacturer of electric cookers

Fem Belling (born 1978), Australian jazz vocalist

Ingeborg Belling (1848–1927), Norwegian actress

Johann Georg von Belling (1642–1689), Prussian general

John Belling (1866–1933), English cytogenetist

Kylie Belling (born 1964), Australian actress

Mark Belling (born 1956), Radio talk show host

Natarsha Belling (born 1970), Australian news anchor

Rudolf Belling (1896–1972), German sculptor

Wilhelm Sebastian von Belling (1719–1779), Prussian general

Kylie Belling
Kylie Belling (born 22 November 1964) is an Australian stage, film and television actress and voice artist, who has also worked in other occupations. As of 2019 she works as Senior Manager, First Peoples, for Creative Victoria.
Red-headed flameback
The red-headed flameback (Chrysocolaptes erythrocephalus) is a species of bird in the family Picidae. It is endemic to the Philippines only being found in the region of Palawan in the islands of Balabac, mainland Palawan, Busuanga and Calamian.  It is one of the most spectacular flamebacks with its bright red head and yellow-green back. It is sometimes considered a subspecies of the greater flameback. It is found in moist lowland forests including primary, secondary and even plantations and clearings provided there are still standing trees. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Balabac Island
Balabac Island is the southernmost island of Palawan province, and therefore the westernmost undisputed island in the Philippines, some 50 km (31 mi) north of Sabah, Malaysia, across the Balabac Strait. Administratively, the island forms the main part of the municipality of Balabac and is divided into 14 barangays (the other six barangays of the municipality are on other nearby islands):
GeForce 10 series
The GeForce 10 series is a series of graphics processing units (GPUs) developed by Nvidia, initially based on the Pascal microarchitecture announced in March 2014. It succeeds the GeForce 900 series, and was released in May 2016.

OpenCL
OpenCL (Open Computing Language) is a framework for writing programs that execute across heterogeneous platforms consisting of central processing units (CPUs), graphics processing units (GPUs), digital signal processors (DSPs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) and other processors or hardware accelerators. OpenCL specifies a programming language (based on C99) for programming these devices and application programming interfaces (APIs) to control the platform and execute programs on the compute devices. OpenCL provides a standard interface for parallel computing using task- and data-based parallelism.

OpenCL is an open standard maintained by the Khronos Group, a non-profit, open standards organisation. Conformant implementations (passed the Conformance Test Suite) are available from a range of companies including AMD, Arm, Cadence, Google, Imagination, Intel, Nvidia, Qualcomm, Samsung, SPI and Verisilicon.
Planeat
Planeat is a 2010 British documentary film by Or Shlomi and Shelley Lee Davies. The film discusses the possible nutritional and environmental benefits of adopting a whole foods, plant-based diet based on the research of T. Colin Campbell, Caldwell Esselstyn and Gidon Eshel. The film also features the views of Peter Singer.

According to Shelley Lee Davies, the film purposely does not cover any purported animal rights arguments (as opposed to animal welfare) for adopting a plant-based (vegan) diet, but concentrates on the health and environmental reasons instead.

Planeat premiered at the 2010 Newport Beach Film Festival. It released theatrically in the United States in April 2011 and the United Kingdom in May 2011. The film was privately screened by the film's directors and Willie Bain MP at Somerset House in March 2011 and in the House of Commons in May 2011.

Newport Beach Film Festival
The Newport Beach Film Festival (NBFF) is an annual film festival in Newport Beach, California, typically held in late April. In 2022, it was announced that the festival had permanently changed its date to be held in October, as the festival began positioning itself for Oscar season.
Dipak Karki (Dhanusha politician)
Dipak Karki is a Nepalese politician from the People's Socialist Party, Nepal, and is currently serving as a member of the 2nd Federal Parliament of Nepal. In the 2022 Nepalese general election, he was elected from Dhanusha 1 (constituency).

Dhanusha 1 (constituency)
Dhanusha 1 is one of four parliamentary constituencies of Dhanusha District in Nepal. This constituency came into existence on the Constituency Delimitation Commission (CDC) report submitted on 31 August 2017.
Béziers Cap d'Agde Airport
Béziers Cap d'Agde Airport (French: Aéroport Béziers Cap d'Agde) (IATA: BZR, ICAO: LFMU) is an airport serving the town of Béziers and nearby Languedoc coastal resorts including Cap d'Agde. It is 11.5 km (6.2 NM) southeast of Béziers, near Vias in the Hérault department.

Languedoc
The Province of Languedoc (/ˌlɒ̃ɡ(ə)ˈdɒk/, French: [lɑ̃ɡ(ə)dɔk], locally [lãᵑɡəˈdɔk]; Occitan: Lengadòc [ˌleŋɡɔˈðɔ(k)]) is a former province of France.
Most of its territory is now contained in the modern-day region of Occitanie in Southern France. Its capital city was Toulouse. It had an area of approximately 42,700 square kilometers (16,500 square miles).
Roman Oreshnikov
Roman Oreshnikov (Russian: Роман Александрович Орешников; born 6 February 1983 in Kerch, Ukrainian SSR) is a Russian bobsledder who has competed since 2002. He won the silver medal in the four-man event at the 2008 FIBT World Championships in Altenberg, Germany.

Oreshinikov also competed in two Winter Olympics, earning his best finish of tied for ninth in the four-man event at Vancouver in 2010.

Kerch
Kerch, also known as Kerich, is a city of on the Kerch Peninsula in the east of Crimea. It has a population of 147,033 (2014 Census).

Founded 2,600 years ago as the ancient Greek colony Pantikapaion, Kerch is one of the most ancient cities in Crimea. The city experienced rapid growth starting in the 1920s and was the site of a major battle during World War II.

Today, it is one of the largest cities in Crimea and is among the area's most important industrial, transport and tourist centres. As with the rest of Crimea, it has been occupied by Russian forces since the Russian annexation of Crimea in 2014.
Johnny McDonnell
Johnny McDonnell was an Irish soccer player during the 1900s and 1910s. He was born in Kilcolgan Co Galway on 8 October 1885.

He started his footballing career with Athlone Town FC and then played for the amateur Bohemians during his career in Ireland. McDonnell was an ace goalscorer whose best season came in 1911-12 when he netted 32 times from just 30 appearances (14 from 14 in the league). This marginally eclipsed his previous best total of 31 goals in 28 appearances (15 in 9 league appearances) in 1908-09. 
Both of these appear in the top 10 of Bohemian record goalscoring seasons. McDonnell made four international appearances for the Ireland national team.

1911–12 Irish League
The 1911–12 Irish League was the 22nd edition of the Irish League, the highest level of league competition in Irish football.

The league comprised eight teams, and Glentoran won the championship for the 4th time.
West Georgia Regional Library
The West Georgia Regional Library System (WGRLS) is a library system serving the public libraries of five counties of Northwest Georgia: Carroll, Douglas, Haralson, Heard, and Paulding.

WGRLS is a member of PINES, a program of the Georgia Public Library Service that covers 53 library systems in 143 counties of Georgia. Any resident in a PINES supported library system has access to over 10.6 million books in the system's circulation. The library is also serviced by GALILEO, a program of the University System of Georgia which stands for "GeorgiA LIbrary LEarning Online". This program offers residents in supported libraries access to over 100 databases indexing thousands of periodicals and scholarly journals. It also boasts over 10,000 journal titles in full text.

Northwest Georgia
Northwest Georgia is a region of the state of Georgia in the United States. It includes 12 counties (listed in the section below), which at the 2010 census had a combined population of 753,032. Northwest Georgia includes some of the southernmost portions of the Appalachian Mountains, as opposed to Northeast Georgia, which holds the southernmost Blue Ridge, known locally as the North Georgia Mountains.

Bartow, Floyd, Haralson, Paulding, and Polk Counties are located on the outer northern fringe of the Atlanta metropolitan area, while the other counties are part of the Chattanooga, Tennessee metropolitan area. Much of the region is included in Georgia's 14th congressional district and is represented by Marjorie Taylor Greene.
James Clancy Phelan
James Clancy Phelan (born 21 May 1979, known professionally as James Phelan, is an Australian writer of thrillers and young adult novels, including Fox Hunt, The Last 13 series for teens, and the Jed Walker and Lachlan Fox thrillers. He has also written short stories and the non-fiction book Literati.

Lee Child
James Dover Grant CBE (born 29 October 1954), primarily known by his pen name Lee Child, is a British author who writes thriller novels and is best known for his Jack Reacher novel series. The books follow the adventures of a former American military policeman, Jack Reacher, who wanders the United States. His first novel, Killing Floor (1997), won the Anthony Award and the 1998 Barry Award for Best First Novel.
History of the Jews in Malta
The history of the Jews in Malta spans two millennia. A Jewish community is attested on the islands by the 4th-5th century. Jews prospered in Malta under Arab and Norman rule. They were expelled in 1492, and a community could only re-establish itself after 1798 under British rule. In the 19th and 20th century, the Jewish community in Malta welcomed refugees from Italy and Central Europe, escaping Nazi rule. Today, a small community remains well established on the islands.

Moses Montefiore
Sir Moses Haim Montefiore, 1st Baronet, FRS (24 October 1784 – 28 July 1885) was a British financier and banker, activist, philanthropist and Sheriff of London. Born to an Italian Sephardic Jewish family based in London, after he achieved success he donated large sums of money to promote industry, business, economic development, education and health among the Jewish community in the Levant. He founded Mishkenot Sha'ananim in 1860, the first Jewish settlement outside the Old City of Jerusalem.

As President of the Board of Deputies of British Jews he corresponded with Charles Henry Churchill, the British consul in Damascus, in 1841–42; his contributions are seen as pivotal to the development of Proto-Zionism. Queen Victoria's chaplain, Norman Macleod said of Montefiore: "No man living has done so much for his brethren in Palestine as Sir Moses Montefiore". He stated in an interview in the 1860s that "Palestine must belong to the Jews".
Candelo railway station
Candelo railway station (Italian: Stazione di Candelo) is a train station serving the comune of Candelo, in the Piedmont region of northwestern Italy. The train services are operated by Trenitalia at this station located on the Santhià–Biella railway.

The station is currently managed by Rete Ferroviaria Italiana (RFI), a subsidiary of Ferrovie dello Stato (FS), Italy's state-owned rail company.

Regions of Italy
The regions of Italy (Italian: regioni d'Italia) are the first-level administrative divisions of the Italian Republic, constituting its second NUTS administrative level. There are twenty regions, five of which are autonomous regions with special status. Under the Constitution of Italy, each region is an autonomous entity with defined powers. With the exception of the Aosta Valley (since 1945) and Friuli-Venezia Giulia (since 2015), each region is divided into a number of provinces.