hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cerro Ratones
25°14′33″S 66°52′47″W﻿ / ﻿25.2426°S 66.8798°W﻿ / -25.2426; -66.8798

Cerro Ratones is a partly eroded andesitic stratovolcano in Argentina, in the eastern edge of the Puna. The Diablillos-Galán fault zone intersects a volcanic lineament named Archibarca-Ratones beneath the volcano.

The age of the volcano is equivocal; Oligocene ages of 30±3 mya are found but one biotite was dated by Argon-argon dating to be about 7 mya old. Both dates come from lava flows; the older date would make this volcano one of the oldest in the area. Toconquis group ignimbrites crop out next to the Ratones edifice.

The Ojo de Ratones system is located northeast of Cerro Ratones and the Galan giant caldera 70 kilometres (43 mi) in the south.

Andesite
Andesite (/ˈændəzaɪt/) is a volcanic rock of intermediate composition. In a general sense, it is the intermediate type between silica-poor basalt and silica-rich rhyolite. It is fine-grained (aphanitic) to porphyritic in texture, and is composed predominantly of sodium-rich plagioclase plus pyroxene or hornblende.

Andesite is the extrusive equivalent of plutonic diorite. Characteristic of subduction zones, andesite represents the dominant rock type in island arcs. The average composition of the continental crust is andesitic.  Along with basalts, andesites are a component of the Martian crust.

The name andesite is derived from the Andes mountain range, where this rock type is found in abundance. It was first applied by Christian Leopold von Buch in 1826.
Troy Wolverton
Troy Wolverton (born June 13, 1971, in San Antonio, Texas) is an American journalist, and the personal technology columnist for the San Jose Mercury News. He is an occasional commentator on news programs such as the PBS NewsHour.

Prior to his current post, Wolverton was a senior writer for TheStreet.com, and a writer for CNET. He began his career in journalism as a Web editor at the Mercury News.

TheStreet
TheStreet is a financial news and financial literacy website. It is a subsidiary of The Arena Group. The company provides both free content and subscription services such as TheStreet Pro, a stock recommendation portfolio managed by Chris Versace. TheStreet was founded by Marty Peretz and Jim Cramer, and the site boasted numerous notable former contributors, including Aaron Task, Herb Greenberg, and Brett Arends.
Chisocheton macrophyllus
Chisocheton macrophyllus is a pachycaul rainforest tree of the East Indies, Malay Peninsula, Thailand and Nicobar Islands with very few upright limbs ultimately reaching a height of 35 m (115 ft) and a trunk diameter (above buttresses) of 70 cm (28 in); it has buttress roots up to 3 m (9.8 ft) high and 2 m (6 ft 7 in) long. Each reiteration is topped by a tight rosette of once-pinnate leaves up to 3 m (9.8 ft) long with up to 28 pairs of leaflets at any given time, each up to 39 cm (15 in) long by 11 cm (4.3 in) wide. Like all Chisocheton species, these leaves are indeterminate, forming a new pair of leaflets every few weeks or months. while the oldest pair may die. The flowers are creamy white, with four or five petals 15 mm (0.59 in) long, arranged in a thyrse up to 80 cm (31 in) long, followed by pyriform capsules up to 15 cm (5.9 in) in diameter with four seeds each 4.5 cm (1.8 in) long and shaped like a brazilnut.

Rosette (botany)
In botany, a rosette is a circular arrangement of leaves or of structures resembling leaves.

In flowering plants, rosettes usually sit near the soil, but they can also be at the top of an otherwise leafless branch or trunk. Their structure is an example of a modified stem in which the internode gaps between the leaves do not expand, so that all the leaves remain clustered tightly together and at a similar height. Some insects induce the development of galls that are leafy rosettes.

In bryophytes and algae, a rosette results from the repeated branching of the thallus as the plant grows, resulting in a circular outline.
Advertising Association
The Advertising Association (AA) is a trade association representing advertisers, agencies, media and research services in the UK advertising industry. Its stated aim is to promote the “…role, rights and responsibilities of advertising and its impact on individuals, the economy and society". Its chief executive is Stephen Woodford.

The organisation represents the advertising industry to the UK government, policy-makers and opinion-formers, presenting evidence-based information to influence government decision-making. It references the work of the advertising industry’s think tank, Credos, which produces research reports on UK advertising industry issues.

According to the Marketing Agencies Association (MAA), the Advertising Association is 'the only body that speaks for all sides of [the industry]'.

In January 2019 the AA announced that UK ad spend in 2018 had risen 6.0% year-on-year, to £23.6bn.

Decision-making
In psychology, decision-making (also spelled decision making and decisionmaking) is regarded as the cognitive process resulting in the selection of a belief or a course of action among several possible alternative options. It could be either rational or irrational. The decision-making process is a reasoning process based on assumptions of values, preferences and beliefs of the decision-maker. Every decision-making process produces a final choice, which may or may not prompt action.

Research about decision-making is also published under the label problem solving, particularly in European psychological research.
Song Eun-i
Song Eun-i (Korean: 송은이; born January 4, 1973) is a South Korean singer, actress and comedian. She made her debut as a theater actress in 1993. In the same year, she made her debut as a comedian in KBS. She is currently signed under her own  management company Media Lab Seesaw (SISO). Currently, Song is running own company Media Lab Seesaw as CEO with her friend, Kim-Sook as director.

KBS2
KBS 2TV (Korean: KBS 제2텔레비전) is a South Korean free-to-air television channel launched on 1 December 1980 and owned by Korean Broadcasting System. In contrast to KBS1, the channel specializes primarily in entertainment.
Udea exalbalis
Udea exalbalis is a species of moth in the family Crambidae. It is found in Kazakhstan and Russia, where it has been recorded from the Tula region.

The wingspan is 22–27 millimetres (0.87–1.06 in). Adults have been recorded from May to June.

Tula Oblast
Tula Oblast (Russian: Ту́льская о́бласть, romanized: Tulʹskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject (an oblast) of Russia. It is geographically located in European Russia and is administratively part of the Central Federal District, covering an area of 25,700 square kilometers (9,900 sq mi). It has a population of 1,553,925 (2010 census). Tula is the largest city and the administrative center of the oblast.

Tula Oblast borders Moscow Oblast in the north, Ryazan in the east, Lipetsk in the southeast, Oryol in the southwest, and Kaluga in the west. Tula Oblast is one of the most developed and urbanized territories in Russia, and the majority of the territory forms the Tula-Novomoskovsk Agglomeration, an urban area with a population of over 1 million.
Playgroup Festival
Playgroup Festival is a festival of contemporary performing arts that has taken place in both Kent and East Sussex in England.

In addition to contemporary music, the festival has hosted comedy, cabaret and other arts and activities.

Regarded as a minor event in British culture, the festival is inspired by the creative output of Sussex and Kent, especially the City of Brighton & Hove. The organising production company, most of the performing artists and the festival crew are all based in the City. In the first four years, a majority of the attendees came from London and Brighton.

The festival has been both reviewed and awarded accolades as one of the best small festivals in the UK.

The Correspondents (band)
The Correspondents were a British electro swing duo based in London, formed by MC and vocalist Ian Bruce and producer Tim Cole in 2007.

Their music has been described as electro swing with a mixture of early 20th century jazz and electro and drum and bass. Their live shows and recorded music consisted of multi-genre dance music spanning blues, jazz, soul, funk and out and out electro pop.

The band played at major festivals such as WOMAD, Glastonbury, Bestival, Boomtown and Secret Garden Party.

Their song "Fear and Delight" was used as the theme tune to BBC Three comedy Crims.

The project was retired on 20 October 2020 after Bruce published a status on The Correspondents' Facebook page stating that Cole had died unexpectedly of a pulmonary embolism a few days prior.
Cultural Landscape (Japan)
A Cultural Landscape (文化的景観, bunkateki keikan) is a government-designated landscape in Japan, which has evolved together with the way of life and geocultural features of a region, and which is indispensable for understanding the lifestyle of the Japanese people. Cultural Landscapes are recognized by the government of under article 2, paragraph 1, item 5 of the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties (1950). Cultural Landscapes of especially high value may be further designated as Important Cultural Landscapes (重要文化的景観, Jūyō bunkateki keikan); as of October 31, 2025 there are seventy-three such landscapes.

Local governments that are in charge of designated Cultural Landscapes can obtain financial assistance from the Agency for Cultural Affairs for surveys and other research, the preparation of preservation plans, maintenance, repair, landscaping, restoration, disaster prevention, and promotional and educational activities.

Cultural landscape
Cultural landscape is a term used in the fields of geography, ecology, and heritage studies, to describe a symbiosis of human activity and environment. As defined by the World Heritage Committee, it is the "cultural properties [that] represent the combined works of nature and of man" and falls into three main categories:

"a landscape designed and created intentionally by man"

an "organically evolved landscape" which may be a "relict (or fossil) landscape" or a "continuing landscape"

an "associative cultural landscape" which may be valued because of the "religious, artistic or cultural associations of the natural element."
Mohammed Al-Jadaan
Mohammed bin Abdullah Al-Jadaan (Arabic: محمد بن عبد الله الجدعان; born 1963) is a commercial lawyer and co-founder of Al-Jadaan and Partners Law Firm who has served as Saudi Arabia's Minister of Finance since November 2016. He served as Acting Minister of Economy and Planning from March 2020 until 2021.

On 6 March 2020, King Salman issued a royal order, appointing Mohammed Al Jadaan as acting Minister of Economy and Planning in addition to his work as Minister of Finance, replacing Mohammad Al-Tuwaijri in the post.

Prior to his appointment as Minister of Finance, Mohammed Al-Jadaan was the chairman of Capital Markets Authority where he oversaw the opening of the Tadawul Stock Exchange and the loosening of Saudi's regulatory framework to foreign investors. He also previously served as a special adviser to the board of Morgan Stanley Saudi Arabia.

Capital Market Authority (Saudi Arabia)
The Capital Market Authority (CMA; Arabic: هيئة السوق المالية) is the Saudi government's financial regulatory authority responsible for capital markets in Saudi Arabia.  The CMA is a government organization applying full financial, legal, and administrative independence, and has direct links with the Prime Minister.  Its responsibilities include setting and policing financial rules and regulations and developing the capital markets, this includes regulating the Tadawul, Saudi Arabia's stock exchange. CMA is the first government authority to receive accreditation in institutional structure maturity from the National Enterprises Architecture (NEA) of the e-Government Program Yesser.
Banzai Venus
Banzai Venus (バンザイVENUS) is the 5th single by Japanese girl group SKE48. It was their last release on Crown Gold. It debuted at number-one on the weekly Oricon Singles Chart and, as of February 13, 2012 (issue date), has sold 275,189 copies.

Starting from this single, only short versions are featured on SKE48 official channel, due to restrictions required by Avex.

SKE48
SKE48 (S.K.E. Forty-eight) is a Japanese idol group produced by Yasushi Akimoto. SKE48 is named after the Sakae district in Nagoya of Aichi Prefecture, where the group is based. The group performs at SKE48 Theater on 2F of Sunshine Sakae, a shopping center in Sakae, Nagoya. Avex Group is its current official label. The group has sold nearly 11 million CDs in Japan.
Iroquois music
Iroquois music and dance are central components of traditional social gatherings, which take place in longhouses.

These gatherings are led by an individual who finds lead dancers and singers and introduces them to the audience, also providing dancing instructions. Instruments used include rattles, drums, flutes, and other percussive instruments. The music is always religious music.

The religious function of the dances have evolved to deemphasize war dances, in favor of dances focused on curing ailments, commemorating the dead, and controlling the weather. Socials within all Iroquois communities are meant to be enjoyed by all in attendance, especially when everyone dances.

War dance
A war dance is a dance involving mock combat, usually in reference to tribal warrior societies where such dances were performed as a ritual connected with endemic warfare.  
Martial arts in various cultures can be performed in dance-like settings for various reasons, such as for evoking ferocity in preparation for battle or showing off skill in a more stylized manner. It could also be for celebration of valor and conquest. Many such martial arts incorporate music, especially strong percussive rhythms.

War dances can overlap with sword dances and other forms of weapon dance, utilizing weapons or replications as part of the artistic performance.

Egyptian Tahtib

Papuan war dance from Yapen, Papua

Capoeira is a martial art traditionally performed with a dance-like flavor and to live musical accompaniment, as seen depicted here.
Txt2tags
txt2tags is a document generator software that uses a lightweight markup language. txt2tags is free software under GNU General Public License.

Written in Python, it can export documents to several formats including: HTML, XHTML, SGML, LaTeX, Lout, roff, MediaWiki, Google Code Wiki, DokuWiki, MoinMoin, MagicPoint, PageMaker and plain text.

Standard Generalized Markup Language
The Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML; ISO 8879:1986) is a standard for defining generalized markup languages for documents. ISO 8879 Annex A.1 states that generalized markup is "based on two postulates":

Declarative: Markup should describe a document's structure and other attributes rather than specify the processing that needs to be performed, because it is less likely to conflict with future developments.

Rigorous: In order to allow markup to take advantage of the techniques available for processing, markup should rigorously define objects like programs and databases.

DocBook SGML and LinuxDoc are examples which used SGML tools.
Shannondale, Shannon County, Missouri
Shannondale is a church-owned, 4,000-acre forest and community center located in northern Shannon County, in the Ozarks of southern Missouri, United States. The community is located on Missouri Route 19, north of Timber.

Shannondale was not platted in 1874 by Charles Shannon, and named after him.  (This statement is true for the "other" Shannondale which is in Chariton County.)

Missouri Route 19
Route 19 is a long state highway in Missouri.  Its northern terminus is at U.S. Route 61 in New London and its southern terminus is at U.S. Route 63 on the north side of Thayer.  Route 19 is one of Missouri's original 1922 highways, though it initially had a northern terminus at Route 14 (now Interstate 44) in Cuba and was later extended north.
Operation Night of Power
On 18 June 2017, under Operation Night of Power (Persian: عملیات شب قدر, romanized: Amaliat shab-e-qadar), Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) fired six surface-to-surface mid-range ballistic missile from domestic bases targeting ISIL forces in the Syrian Deir ez-Zor Governorate in response to the terrorist attacks in Tehran earlier that month. Next day, the IRGC published aerial videos recorded by the Damascus-based IRGC drones flying over the city during the operation, confirming that the missiles had successfully hit the targets with precision.

In a statement released by IRGC in connection with the strike, they warned terrorists and "their regional and trans-regional supporters" against any new terrorist attacks on Iran. They threatened to respond with greater intensity, should Iran's security be jeopardized by its enemies again.

Amir Ali Hajizadeh
Amir Ali Hajizadeh (Persian: امیرعلی حاجی‌زاده;‎ 28 February 1962 – 13 June 2025) was an Iranian military officer who served as the commander of the IRGC Aerospace Forces, a position he held from October 2009 until his assassination in June 2025 by an Israeli airstrike.
Qajar (tribe)
The Qajars (Persian: ایل قاجار, romanized: Il-e Ǧâjâr; Azerbaijani: قاجارلار, romanized: Qacarlar) are a clan of the Bayat tribe of the Oghuz Turks who lived variously, with other tribes, in the area that is now Armenia, Azerbaijan and northwestern Iran.

By the end of the Safavid era, the Qajars had split into several factions. These included the Ziyādoghlu (Ziādlu), associated with the area of Ganja and Yerevan, as well as the Qoyunlu (Qāvānlu), and Davālu (Devehlu) the latter two associated with the northern areas of contemporary Iran. In 1796, Agha Mohammad Khan, a Qajar chief of the Qoyunlu branch, was crowned Shah of Iran, founding the Qajar dynasty, which ruled Iran until 1925.

Encyclopaedia of Islam
The Encyclopaedia of Islam (also French: Encyclopédie de l'Islam and German: Enzyklopädie des Islām; EI is a common abbreviation in all three languages) is a reference work that facilitates the academic study of Islam. It is published by Brill and provides information on various aspects of Islam and the Islamic world. It is considered to be the standard reference work in the field of Islamic studies. The first edition was published in 1913–1938, the second in 1954–2005, and the third was begun in 2007.
Pablo DT Valenzuela
Pablo Valenzuela (Latin American Spanish: [ˈpaβlo βalenˈswela]; born June 13, 1941) is a Chilean biochemist dedicated to biotechnology development. He is known for his genetic studies of hepatitis viruses; participated as a research and development director in the discovery of hepatitis C virus and the invention of the world's first recombinant vaccine (against hepatitis B virus). He is one of the cofounders of the biotechnology company Chiron Corporation and of Fundacion Ciencia para la Vida, a private non profit institution where he is currently working.

Hepatitis B virus
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a partially double-stranded DNA virus, a species of the genus Orthohepadnavirus and a member of the Hepadnaviridae family of viruses. This virus causes the disease hepatitis B.
NOAA Observing System Architecture
The NOAA Observing System Architecture (NOSA) is a collection of over 100 environmental datasets of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) . It was established to develop an observational architecture that helps NOAA to design observing systems that support NOAA's mission, avoid duplication of existing systems and operate efficiently in a cost-effective manner.

NOSA includes:

NOAA's observing systems (and others) required to support NOAA's mission,

The relationship among observing systems; including how they contribute to support NOAA's mission and associated observing requirements, and

The guidelines governing the design of a target architecture and the evolution toward this target architecture

Data set
A data set (or dataset) is a collection of data. In the case of tabular data, a data set corresponds to one or more database tables, where every column of a table represents a particular variable, and each row corresponds to a given record of the data set in question. The data set lists values for each of the variables, such as for example height and weight of an object, for each member of the data set.  Data sets can also consist of a collection of documents or files.

In the open data discipline, a data set is a unit used to measure the amount of information released in a public open data repository.  The European data.europa.eu portal aggregates more than a million data sets.
Channa harcourtbutleri
Channa harcourtbutleri, the  Burmese snakehead, is a species of snakehead endemic to Inle Lake and surroundings in Myanmar. Locally called nga ohn-ma, among aquarists it is considered one of the dwarf snakeheads, but no significant import for aquarists is known. It is one of the smaller species of snakehead and has a standard length of up to 19.4 cm (7.6 in). The specific name honors Sir Harcourt Butler, a British governor in the region.

This was for a long time considered to be a junior synonym of Channa gachua. In fact, both species closely resemble each other. The article on its revalidation only mentions three discriminating features, such as the missing ocellus in the dorsal fin of a juvenile Channa harcourtbutleri. It is suspected to be a mouthbrooder and eats a wide range of foods, including arthropods and small fish, but unlike in some relatives, no frogs.

Mouthbrooder
Mouthbrooding, also known as oral incubation and buccal incubation, is the care given by some groups of animals to their offspring by holding them in the mouth of the parent for extended periods of time. Although mouthbrooding is performed by a variety of different animals, such as Darwin's frog, fish are by far the most diverse mouthbrooders. Mouthbrooding has evolved independently in several different families of fish.
Mark Lee (left-handed pitcher)
Mark Owen Lee (born July 20, 1964) is an American baseball coach and former professional baseball player who was a pitcher in Major League Baseball (MLB). Lee pitched in all or parts of four seasons between 1988 and 1995. As a minor leaguer he was traded with Rey Palacios from the Detroit Tigers to the Kansas City Royals for Ted Power during the 1988 season.

Lee was hired as the pitching coach of the UCCS Mountain Lions baseball team in 2016 after retiring from a management position with UPS.

UCCS Mountain Lions
The UCCS Mountain Lions is the official name of the athletic teams that represent the University of Colorado Colorado Springs, located in Colorado Springs, Colorado, in NCAA Division II intercollegiate sports. The Mountain Lions compete as members of the Rocky Mountain Athletic Conference for all 16 varsity sports. The school mascot is the mountain lion, Clyde, with official colors of gold and black, the same de facto school colors of University of Colorado Boulder.
Jimmy LuValle
James Ellis LuValle (November 10, 1912 – January 30, 1993) was an American athlete and scientist. He won the bronze medal in the 400 metres at the 1936 Summer Olympics, and was an accomplished chemist and founder of the Graduate Students Association at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA).

Athletics at the 1936 Summer Olympics – Men's 400 metres
The men's 400 metres sprint event at the 1936 Olympic Games took place in early August. Forty-two athletes from 25 nations competed. The maximum number of athletes per nation had been set at 3 since the 1930 Olympic Congress. The final was won by 0.2 seconds by American Archie Williams, the third consecutive and seventh overall title in the event for the United States. Godfrey Brown's silver was Great Britain's first medal in the event since 1924.