hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2015–2016 University of Missouri protests
In 2015, a series of protests at the University of Missouri related to race, workplace benefits, and leadership resulted in the resignations of the president of the University of Missouri System and the chancellor of the flagship Columbia campus. The moves came after a series of events that included a hunger strike by a student and a boycott by the football team. The movement was primarily led by a student group named Concerned Student 1950, referencing the first year black students were allowed to enroll in the university. The movement and protests were documented in two films, one made by MU student journalists and the other, 2 Fists Up, by Spike Lee. While it is alleged that bad publicity from the protests has led to dropping enrollment and cutbacks, others have cited budget cuts issued from the state legislature.

Hunger strike
A hunger strike is a method of non-violent resistance where participants fast as an act of political protest, usually with the objective of achieving a specific goal, such as a policy change. Hunger strikers that do not take fluids are named dry hunger strikers.

In cases where an entity (usually the state) has or is able to obtain custody of the hunger striker (such as a prisoner), the hunger strike is often terminated by the custodial entity through the use of force-feeding.
Fabinho (footballer, born 1992)
Fabio da Silva Santos (born May 15, 1992 in Macapá), commonly known as Fabinho, is a Brazilian footballer who plays for Santos–AP as forward. He already played for national competitions such as Copa do Brasil and Campeonato Brasileiro Série D.

Macapá
Macapá (Brazilian Portuguese pronunciation: [makaˈpa] ⓘ) is a city in Brazil with a population of 512,902 (2020 estimate), and is the capital of Amapá state in the country's North Region, located on the northern channel of the Amazon Delta near its mouth on the Atlantic Ocean. The city is on a small plateau on the Amazon in the southeast of the state of Amapá. The only access by road from outside the province is from the overseas French department of French Guiana, although there are regular ferries to Belém, Brazil. Macapá is linked by road with some other cities in Amapá. The equator runs through the middle of the city, leading residents to refer to Macapá as "The capital of the middle of the world." It covers 6,407.12 square kilometres (2,473.80 mi2) and is located northwest of the large inland island of Marajó and south of the border with French Guiana.
Slow Down (Brand Nubian song)
"Slow Down" is a song by American hip hop group Brand Nubian.  The song was recorded in 1990 and was released as a single on their 1990 debut album, One for All. "Slow Down" was later featured on the group's compilation album, The Very Best of Brand Nubian. The song notably samples the guitar riff and part of the chorus from "What I Am" by Edie Brickell. The song also samples  "Let's Take It to the Stage" by Funkadelic, as well as "Kool It (Here Come the Fuzz)" by Kool & the Gang.

Funkadelic
Funkadelic was an American funk rock band formed in Plainfield, New Jersey in 1968 and active until 1982. As one of the two flagship groups of George Clinton's P-Funk collective, they helped pioneer the funk music culture of the 1970s. Funkadelic initially formed as a backing band for Clinton's vocal group the Parliaments (later the full-fledged band Parliament), but eventually pursued a heavier, psychedelic rock-oriented sound in their own recordings. They released acclaimed albums such as Maggot Brain (1971) and One Nation Under a Groove (1978).
Charassognathidae
Charassognathidae is an extinct family of basal cynodonts known from the Late Permian of South Africa and Zambia. It was named in 2016 by the palaeontologist Christian F. Kammerer, who defined it as all taxa more closely related to Charassognathus gracilis than to Dvinia prima, Galesaurus planiceps or Procynosuchus delaharpeae. The family contains the genera Charassognathus, Abdalodon and Nshimbodon, with the latter two making up the subfamily Abdalodontinae.

Lopingian
The Lopingian,  informally the Late or Upper Permian, is the uppermost series/last epoch of the Permian, and last epoch of the Paleozoic. The Lopingian was preceded by the Guadalupian and followed by the Early Triassic.

The name was introduced by Amadeus William Grabau in 1931 and derives from Leping, Jiangxi in China. It consists of two stages/ages. The earlier is the Wuchiapingian and the later is the Changhsingian.

The International Chronostratigraphic Chart (v2018/07) provides a numerical age of 259.1 ±0.5 Ma. If a Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) has been approved, the lower boundary of the earliest stage determines numerical age of an epoch. The GSSP for the Wuchiapingian has a numerical age of 259.8 ± 0.4 Ma.

Evidence from Milankovitch cycles suggests that the length of an Earth day during this epoch was approximately 22 hours.
Tarantula (Mystikal album)
Tarantula is the fifth studio album by American rapper Mystikal, released on December 18, 2001, by Jive Records. The production was done by Rockwilder, Scott Storch, The Medicine Men, and The Neptunes and features artists including Juvenile, Butch Cassidy, and Method Man & Redman.

The album received a generally positive reception from critics who found it an improvement over his previous album, Let's Get Ready. It spawned two singles: "Bouncin' Back (Bumpin' Me Against the Wall)" and the title track. Tarantula debuted at number 33 on the Billboard 200 with first-week sales of 153,000 copies, peaking at number 25 in 2002 and reaching number 4 on the R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart that same year. It was later certified gold by the RIAA for selling over 500,000 copies. In 2003, Tarantula received two nominations at the 45th Annual Grammy Awards for Best Rap Album and Best Male Rap Solo Performance for "Bouncin' Back (Bumpin' Me Against the Wall)".

Rockwilder
Dana Stinson (born February 2, 1971), more commonly known as Rockwilder, is an American hip hop producer and songwriter best known for his work with Redman, Jay-Z, LL Cool J, Busta Rhymes, Xzibit, and Janet Jackson. He has appeared on every Redman studio album since 1994.
Tan Zhuo
Tan Zhuo (simplified Chinese: 谭卓; traditional Chinese: 譚卓; pinyin: Tán Zhuó, born 25 September 1983) is a Chinese television and film actress. She appeared in the films Spring Fever (2009, banned in China), Dying to Survive (2018, one of the highest-grossing films in China) and the 2018 TV series Story of Yanxi Palace.

Story of Yanxi Palace
Story of Yanxi Palace (Chinese: 延禧攻略; pinyin: Yánxǐgōnglüè) is a 2018 Chinese television series created by Yu Zheng for iQIYI. Starring Wu Jinyan, Charmaine Sheh, Qin Lan and Nie Yuan, the series aired on iQIYI from July 19, 2018 to August 26, 2018. The series recounts the struggles of a palace maid in the court of the Qianlong Emperor.

Distributed in more than 70 markets worldwide, Story of Yanxi Palace became a huge hit across Asia, catapulting Wu Jinyan and Xu Kai to stardom and revitalizing the careers of Qin Lan and Charmaine Sheh. It was the most googled TV show in the world in 2018, despite Google being blocked in Mainland China, and was streamed over 15 billion times on iQIYI that year. A spin-off/sequel titled Yanxi Palace: Princess Adventures was released on Netflix on December 31, 2019.
Stigmella tormentillella
Stigmella tormentillella is a moth of the family Nepticulidae. It is found from Germany to the Pyrenees and Italy, and from France to Romania.

The larvae feed on Potentilla alba, Potentilla aurea, Potentilla crantzii, Potentilla erecta, Potentilla reptans and Potentilla tabernaemontani. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

Potentilla erecta
Potentilla erecta (syn. Tormentilla erecta, Potentilla laeta, Potentilla tormentilla, known as the (common) tormentil, septfoil or erect cinquefoil ) is a herbaceous perennial plant belonging to the rose family (Rosaceae).
Bobsleigh at the 1998 Winter Olympics – Two-man
The Two-man bobsleigh competition at the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano was held on 14 and 15 February, at Spiral. Huber lead Lueders by 0.05 seconds after the first run. Leuders picked up 0.02 seconds in the next two runs. Prior to the start of the fourth run, Lueders turned to Huber and asked "Can you imagine if we tied this thing?" After the fourth run, Tartaglia stated "In the end, it felt like were friends who had accomplished something together."

Spiral (bobsleigh, luge, and skeleton)
The Spiral is a bobsleigh, luge, and skeleton track located in Iizuna village, located north of Nagano, Japan. Used for the bobsleigh and luge competitions for the 1998 Winter Olympics, it is the first permanent bobsleigh, luge, and skeleton track in Asia and the first of its type in the world with two or more uphill sections. It is officially referred to as the Nagano Bobsleigh-Luge Park in Japan.
Alvecote
Alvecote is a hamlet in the North Warwickshire district of Warwickshire, England, located on the county border with Staffordshire. Nearby settlements include, Shuttington (where population details can be found), Polesworth and the Tamworth district of Amington. Central Tamworth is approximately 3 miles west-southwest of Alvecote.

Alvecote has a marina on the Coventry Canal that offers facilities including boat repair, pumpout and a licensed bar. The West Coast Main Line runs through the settlement.  The nearest railway station is Polesworth, although now  it only sees one westbound parliamentary train per day. Alvecote Priory is a ruined 12th-century Benedictine monastery. The nearest existing church is in Shuttington.

Amington
Amington is an area and suburban village Tamworth in Staffordshire, England. Formerly a distinct village, it is now part of the Tamworth borough, with no gap between it and the neighbouring wards of Bolehall, Glascote, Glascote Heath and Stonydelph. Consisting of both residential and industrial areas, Amington is situated 1.5 miles northeast of Tamworth town centre and borders the North Warwickshire district directly to the east.
Willis Franklin Jefcoat
Willis Franklin Jefcoat (September 3, 1908 – November 4, 2001) was a Canadian politician. He served in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia from 1960 to 1972, as a Social Credit member for the constituencies of Salmon Arm and Shuswap.

Legislative Assembly of British Columbia
The Legislative Assembly of British Columbia (French: Assemblée législative de la Colombie-Britannique) is the deliberative assembly of the Legislature of British Columbia, in the province of British Columbia, Canada. The legislature also includes the lieutenant governor of British Columbia. The assembly has 93 elected members and meets in Victoria. Members are elected from provincial ridings and are referred to as members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs). Bills passed by the assembly are given royal assent by the lieutenant governor in the name of the King of Canada.

The current legislature is the 43rd Parliament. The most recent general election was held on October 19, 2024. Proceedings of the Legislative Assembly are broadcast by Hansard Broadcasting Services.
Nørrebrogade
Nørrebrogade is the principal shopping street of the Nørrebro district of Copenhagen, Denmark. It runs from The Lakes in the southeast to Nørrebro station in the northwest, linking Frederiksborggade and Queen Louise's Bridge with Frederikssundsvej. The street passes Assistens Cemetery, Nørrebro Runddel and the Superkilen linear park. Buildings include the multipurpose venue Nørrebrohallen and two churches.

Superkilen
Superkilen is a public park in the Nørrebro district of Copenhagen, Denmark. The park is designed to bring immigrants and locals together, promoting tolerance and unity in one of Denmark's most ethnically-diverse and socially-challenged communities. Not only is the park a meeting place for local residents, it is a tourist attraction for Copenhagen. Designed by the arts group Superflex with the collaboration of Bjarke Ingels Group and Topotek1, a German landscape architecture firm, the park was officially opened in June 2012. The almost kilometre-long park's name refers to its shape, "kilen" meaning "wedge".
The Other Slavery
The Other Slavery: The Uncovered Story of Indian Enslavement in America is a book about slavery among Native Americans and the European enslavement of Indigenous Americans. It was written by Andrés Reséndez and published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt in 2016.

Slavery among Native Americans in the United States
Slavery among Native Americans in the United States includes slavery by and enslavement of Native Americans roughly within what is currently the United States of America.

Tribal territories and the slave trade ranged over present-day borders. Some Native American tribes held war captives as slaves prior to and during European colonization. Some Native Americans were captured and sold by others into slavery to Europeans, while others were captured and sold by Europeans themselves. In the late 18th and 19th centuries, a small number of tribes, such as the five so-called "civilized tribes", began increasing their holding of African-American slaves.

European contact greatly influenced slavery as it existed among pre-contact Native Americans, particularly in scale. As they raided other tribes to capture slaves for sales to Europeans, they fell into destructive wars among themselves, and against Europeans.
Prosopagnosia
Prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, is a cognitive disorder of face perception in which the ability to recognize familiar faces, including one's own face (self-recognition), is impaired, while other aspects of visual processing (e.g., object discrimination) and intellectual functioning (e.g., decision-making) remain intact. The term originally referred to a condition following acute brain damage (acquired prosopagnosia), but a congenital or developmental form of the disorder also exists, with a prevalence of 2–2.5%.

A common misconception is that prosopagnosics see faces' contours and details as blurry or distorted. The condition is not characterized by warped visuals. Seeing distorted faces is a common symptom of prosopometamorphopsia, not prosopagnosia.

Parahippocampal gyrus
The parahippocampal gyrus (or hippocampal gyrus) is a grey matter cortical region, a gyrus of the brain that surrounds the hippocampus and is part of the limbic system. The region plays an important role in memory encoding and retrieval. It has been involved in some cases of hippocampal sclerosis. Asymmetry has been observed in schizophrenia.
Kato Ottio
Benkato "Kato" Ottio (20 March 1994 – 9 January 2018) was a Papua New Guinean rugby league footballer. Primarily playing as a centre, Ottio represented  Papua New Guinea, most notably at the 2017 World Cup.

Papua New Guinea Hunters
The Papua New Guinea Hunters (also referred to as PNG Hunters) are a professional rugby league football club based in Papua New Guinea. They were formed in December 2013 and compete in the  Queensland Cup, a second tier competition in Australia. The Hunters are the second Papua New Guinean side to enter the Queensland Cup following the Port Moresby Vipers who competed for two seasons in 1996 and 1997. Every Hunters match is shown live on national free-to-air television. The Hunters' home ground is the National Football Stadium in Port Moresby and their team colours are gold, black and red. The Hunters won the Queensland Cup in 2017.

Since 2023, they are one of the feeder clubs for the Dolphins in the Australian National Rugby League and will be a feeder to the PNG NRL team in 2028.
Angels & Kings
Angels & Kings was a nightclub in New York City, New York, located at 500 East 11th Street. The club was opened in 2007 by Bob McLynn and Jonathan Daniel of Crush Management, along with Pete Wentz of Fall Out Boy and several other musicians, including members of Gym Class Heroes, Cobra Starship, and The Academy Is.... It was also known as AK-47. Wentz has stated that he opened the bar in order for his friends and him to have a place to hang out.

Pete Wentz, Perez Hilton, and two business partners opened a second Angels & Kings in Chicago on June 17, 2008.  Since then, a third location had opened in Barcelona, and a fourth in Hollywood. In 2011, the Chicago location relocated to the Hard Rock Hotel in the Carbide & Carbon Building. In 2015, the Chicago location was closed.

Perez Hilton
Mario Armando Lavandeira Jr. (born March 23, 1978), known professionally as Perez Hilton, is an American blogger, columnist, and media personality. His blog is known for posts covering gossip items about celebrities, and for posting tabloid photos over which he has added his own captions or "doodles". His blog has garnered controversy for its attitude, its former practice of outing alleged closeted celebrities, and its role in the increasing coverage of celebrities in all forms of media.

In addition to his blogging, Hilton has written four books, hosts a podcast with Chris Booker, runs two YouTube channels, has appeared in various films and television shows, and has acted in two off-Broadway shows. In 2018, he was dubbed "the original celebrity social media influencer" by BroadwayWorld.
Kogenshitsu Dokutan Sosan
Kogenshitsu Dokutan Sōsan (1840-1917) was a Japanese Rinzai Zen priest, who served as abbot of Nanzenji. In the west, he is known for being the Rinzai-teacher with whom Harada Daiun Sogaku, the koan-teacher of Hakuun Yasutani, studied koans.

Nanzen-ji
Nanzen-ji (南禅寺; Japanese pronunciation: [naꜜn.dzeɲ.dʑi]), or Zuiryusan Nanzen-ji, formerly Zenrin-ji (禅林寺, Zenrin-ji), is a Zen Buddhist temple in Kyoto, Japan. Emperor Kameyama established it in 1291 on the site of his previous detached palace. It is also the headquarters of the Nanzen-ji branch of Rinzai Zen. The precincts of Nanzen-ji are a nationally designated Historic Site and the Hōjō gardens a Place of Scenic Beauty. The temple was destroyed in a fire in 1895 and rebuilt in 1909.
What Fools Men Are
What Fools Men Are is a 1922 American silent comedy drama film directed by George Terwilliger and starring Faire Binney, Lucy Fox, and Huntley Gordon. It is based upon the play The Flapper by Eugene Walter.

Eugene Walter
Eugene Ferdinand Walter, Jr. (November 30, 1921 – March 29, 1998) was an American screenwriter, poet, short-story author, actor, puppeteer, gourmet chef, cryptographer, translator, editor, costume designer and well-known raconteur. During his years in Paris, he was nicknamed Tum-te-tum. His friend Pat Conroy observed that Walter had lived a "pixilated wonderland of a life."  Walter was labeled "Mobile's Renaissance Man" because of his diverse activities in many areas of the arts. Throughout his life, he maintained a connection with Mobile by carrying a shoebox of Alabama red clay around Europe.
Black Mountains (Utah)
The Black Mountains is a 30-mile (48 km) long mountain range in northeastern Iron County and southeastern Beaver County in southwestern Utah, United States.

The range borders the northeast portion of the Escalante Desert, and the range's southeast flank trends with the Hurricane Cliffs and Parowan Valley. In the south section, of a southwest trending ridgeline, is the Parowan Gap Petroglyphs Site. At the terminus of the ridgeline, the pass at the Summit, Utah region, there is the site of the Old Spanish National Historic Trail as it crossed into the northeast of Cedar Valley, the site of Cedar City.

Interstate 15 (I-15) traverses the southeast region of the range from Cedar City, to Greenville-Beaver.

Cedar City, Utah
Cedar City is the largest city in Iron County, Utah, United States. Located 250 miles (400 km) south of Salt Lake City, it is 170 miles (270 km) north of Las Vegas on Interstate 15. Southern Utah University is located in Cedar City. It is the home of the Utah Shakespeare Festival, the Utah Summer Games, the Simon Fest Theatre Co., and other events. As of the 2020 census the city had a population of 35,235, up from 28,857 in the 2010 census.
Defluoridation
Defluoridation is the downward adjustment of the level of fluoride in drinking water. Worldwide, fluoride is one of the most abundant anions present in groundwater. Fluoride is more present in groundwater than surface water mainly due to the leaching of minerals.  Groundwater accounts for 98 percent of the earth's potable water. An excess of fluoride in drinking water causes dental fluorosis and skeletal fluorosis. The World Health Organization has recommended a guideline value of 1.5 mg/L as the concentration above which dental fluorosis is likely. Fluorosis is endemic in more than 20 developed and developing nations.

Skeletal fluorosis
Skeletal fluorosis is a bone disease caused by excessive accumulation of fluoride leading to weakened bones. In advanced cases, skeletal fluorosis causes painful damage to bones and joints. Symptoms include the increased frequency of fractures and impaired joint mobility. Side effects include ruptures of the stomach lining and nausea. Fluoride can also damage the parathyroid glands, leading to hyperparathyroidism, and a higher blood calcium concentration. Common causes of fluorosis include the inhalation of fluoride dust or fumes by workers in industry and consumption of drinking water with unsafe fluoride levels. Fluorosis can also occur as a result of volcanic activity. As of now, there are no established treatments for skeletal fluorosis patients. However, it is reversible in some cases, depending on the progression of the disease. Fluorosis is most widespread in India and China.
Dalhousie Tigers
The Dalhousie Tigers are the men's and women's athletic teams that represent Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. The Tigers field 14 varsity teams with seven men's teams and seven women's teams that primarily compete in the Atlantic University Sport conference of U Sports. The university also offers numerous intramural and club sports that are available to students, staff, alumni, and Dalpex members.

Atlantic University Sport
Atlantic University Sport (AUS; French: Sport universitaire de l'Atlantique) is a regional membership association for universities in Atlantic Canada which assists in co-ordinating competition between their university level athletic programs and providing contact information, schedules, results, and releases about those programs and events to the public and the media.  This is similar to what would be called a college athletic conference in the United States. The AUS, which covers Canada east of the province of Quebec, is one of four such bodies that are members of the country's governing body for university athletics, U Sports. The other three regional associations coordinating university-level sports in Canada are Ontario University Athletics (OUA), the Canada West Universities Athletic Association (CW), and the Réseau du sport étudiant du Québec (RSEQ).
Ramblin' Fever
Ramblin' Fever is a studio album by American country music singer Merle Haggard, released in 1977. It was his first on the MCA label after recording for Capitol Records since 1965. It was also his first album without crediting the Strangers. It reached Number 5 on the Country album chart. Ramblin' Fever was reissued on CD in 2002.

The Strangers (American band)
The Strangers were an American country band that formed in 1966 in Bakersfield, California. They mainly served as the backup band for singer-songwriter Merle Haggard, who named them after his first hit single "(My Friends Are Gonna Be) Strangers". In addition to serving as his backing band, members of the Strangers also produced many of Haggard's records, sang lead vocals on select tracks, and co-wrote many of Haggard's songs with him, including the No. 1 singles, "Okie From Muskogee" and "I Always Get Lucky with You".

From 1969 to 1973, they issued several records independent of Haggard, released on Capitol Records, and even had their own Top 10 hit single called "Street Singer" on the Billboard Hot Country Songs Chart. Three members of the Strangers would go on to be inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Between 1969 and 1987, the Strangers were voted Band of the Year by the Academy of Country Music eight times—more than any other group in history.