hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
History of Curaçao
The history of Curaçao starts with settlement by the Arawaks, an Amerindian people coming from the South American mainland. They are believed to have inhabited the island for many hundreds of years before the arrival of Europeans.

Willemstad
Willemstad (/ˈwɪləmstɑːt, ˈvɪl-/ WIL-əm-staht, VIL-; Dutch: [ˈʋɪləmstɑt]; Papiamento: [wiləmˈstad]) is the capital and largest city of Curaçao, an island in the southern Caribbean Sea that is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It was the capital of the Netherlands Antilles prior to that entity's dissolution in 2010. The city counts to have around 90% of Curaçao's population, with 136,660 inhabitants as of 2011. The historic centre of the city consists of four quarters: the Punda and Otrobanda, which are separated by the Sint Anna Bay, an inlet that leads into the large natural harbour called the Schottegat, as well as the Scharloo and Pietermaai Smal quarters, which are across from each other on the smaller Waaigat harbour. Willemstad is home to the Curaçao synagogue, the oldest surviving synagogue in the Americas. The city centre, with its unique architecture and harbour entry, has been designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Cherenkov Array at Themis
The  Cherenkov Array at Themis (CAT) was an imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescope (IACT) for detection of very-high-energy gamma rays (~200 GeV to a few tens of TeV). The project started operation in Autumn 1996 on the site of the former solar plant Thémis, France.

Very-high-energy gamma ray
A very-high-energy gamma ray (VHEGR) is gamma radiation with photon energies of 100 GeV (gigaelectronvolt) to 100 TeV (teraelectronvolt), i.e., 1011 to 1014 electronvolts. This is approximately equal to 
wavelengths between 10−17 and 10−20 meters, or frequencies of 2 × 1025 to 2 × 1028 Hz. Such energy levels have been detected from emissions from astronomical sources such as some binary star systems containing a compact object. For example, radiation emitted from Cygnus X-3 has been measured at ranges from GeV to exaelectronvolt-levels. Other astronomical sources include BL Lacertae, 3C 66A Markarian 421 and Markarian 501.  Various other sources exist that are not associated with known bodies. For example, the H.E.S.S. catalog contained 64 sources in November 2011.
Bhowmick
Bhowmick (Bengali: ভৌমিক), also spelled Bhowmik or Bhaumik, is a native Bengali surname, commonly found among the Bengali Hindus of Bangladesh and Indian states of West Bengal, Assam and Tripura. The surname is found among the Bengali Kayastha and Mahishya of West Bengal  and Bangladesh.

Bengali Kayastha
Bengali Kayastha is a Bengali Hindu caste that originated from the Bengal region of the  Indian subcontinent, and is one of the main subgroups of the Kayastha community. The historical caste occupation of Kayasthas throughout India has been that of scribes, administrators, ministers and record-keepers; the Kayasthas in Bengal, along with Brahmins and Baidyas, are regarded among the three traditional higher castes that comprise the "upper layer of Hindu society". During the British Raj, the Bhadraloks of Bengal were drawn primarily, but not exclusively, from these three castes, who continue to maintain a collective hegemony in West Bengal.
Gerard Wijeyekoon
Sir Gerard Wijeyekoon (5 May 1878 – 21 September 1952) was a Ceylonese lawyer and a politician. He was the first President of the Senate of Ceylon.

Born Abraham Charles Gerard Wijeyekoon, he was educated at Wesley College, Colombo and Royal College, Colombo he became an advocate of the Supreme Court in 1902. He served as a Crown Counsel, Magistrate and District Judge and was elected to the Legislative Council of Ceylon in 1921 from the Central Province. He was knighted as a Knights bachelor in the 1941 New Year Honours list, for public services in Ceylon.

His sons were both Oxford educated lawyers. The eldest Major General H.W.G. Wijeyekoon was the second Ceylonese Commander of the Ceylon Army and the youngest Neville Wijeyekoon was the founding Chairman of the Ceylon Ceramic Corporation.

Advocate
An advocate is a professional in the field of law. Different countries and legal systems use the term with somewhat differing meanings. The broad equivalent in many English law–based jurisdictions could be a barrister or a solicitor. However, in Scottish, Manx, South African, Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Scandinavian, Polish, Israeli, South Asian and South American jurisdictions, "advocate" indicates a lawyer of superior classification.

"Advocate" is in some languages an honorific for lawyers, such as "Adv. Sir Alberico Gentili". "Advocate" also has the everyday meaning of speaking out to help someone else, such as patient advocacy or the support expected from an elected politician; this article does not cover those senses.
Mining industry of Romania
Romania ranks tenth in the world in terms of the diversity of minerals produced in the country. Around 60 different minerals are currently produced in Romania. The richest mineral deposits in the country are halite (sodium chloride).

Other natural resources include: coal, iron ore, copper, chromium, uranium, antimony, mercury, gold, barite, borate, celestine (strontium), emery, feldspar, limestone, magnesite, marble, perlite, pumice, pyrites (sulfur) and clay.

Roșia Montană area is the largest gold deposit in continental Europe, estimated at over 300 tons of gold and 1,600 tons of silver, having a value of $3 billion.

Emery (rock)
Emery, or corundite, is a dark granular rock used to make an abrasive powder. The rock largely consists of corundum (aluminium oxide), mixed with other minerals. Industrial emery may contain a variety of other minerals and synthetic compounds. Crushed or naturally eroded emery (known as black sand) is used as an abrasive. Turkey and Greece are the main suppliers of the world's emery.
Xishanping
Xishanping is an archaeological site in Gansu, China, located 15 km (9 mi) west of Tianshui. The site was occupied continuously from the Neolithic through the Bronze Age. The site is situated about 50 m (160 ft) above the riverbed on the southern bank of the Xi River, a tributary of the Wei River. The site was discovered by Pei Wenzhong in 1947.

Pei Wenzhong
Pei Wenzhong (Chinese: 裴文中; pinyin: Péi Wénzhōng; Wade–Giles: P'ei Wen-chung; January 19, 1904 – September 18, 1982), or W. C. Pei, was a Chinese paleontologist, archaeologist and anthropologist born in Fengnan. He is considered a founding figure of Chinese anthropology.
Teplý
Teplý  (pronounced [ˈtɛpliː]; feminine form Teplá [ˈtɛplaː]) is a Czech surname. It is derived from the Czech–Slovak word teplý for "warm."

People with the surname include:

Jiří Teplý (born 1962), Czech cross country skier

Josef Teplý (1902–unknown), Czech middle-distance runner

Michal Teplý (born 2001), Czech ice hockey player

Oldřich Teplý (born 1940), Czech speed skater

Viktor Teplý (born 1990), Czech sailor

Jiří Teplý
Jiří Teplý (born 2 December 1962 in Nové Město na Moravě) was a Czech cross-country skier who competed from 1991 to 1995. Competing in two Winter Olympics, he earned his best career and individual finishes of eighth in the 4 × 10 km relay and 17th in the 30 km event, respectively, both at Lillehammer in 1994.

Teplý's best finish at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships was 13th in the 50 km event at Val di Fiemme in 1991. His best World Cup finish was 11th in a 10 km event in Austria in 1992.

Teplý earned two individual career FIS Race wins (1993, 1994).
Assumption of the Virgin (Orazio Gentileschi)
Assumption of the Virgin or Our Lady of the Assumption is a 1605-1608 oil on canvas painting by Orazio Gentileschi, now in the Turin City Museum of Ancient Art. It was formerly misattributed to Pier Francesco Mazzucchelli. An early work by Gentileschi, with its use of space and light to model the figures still drawing heavily on Caravaggio, it shows the Assumption of the Virgin surrounded by angels and with the upper register occupied by the three persons of the Holy Trinity.

Since the early years of the 17th century it was used to cover the historic wooden statue of the Madonna on the high altar of Santa Maria al Monte dei Cappuccini in Turin, which had been built by Charles Emmanuel I in 1585–1596. On high holy days the painting would be raised to show the statue.

Pier Francesco Mazzucchelli
Pier Francesco Mazzucchelli (commonly known as il Morazzone; 29 July 1573 – 1626) was an Italian painter and draughtsman who was active in Milan. He is mainly known for his altarpieces, but his outstanding achievements are large decorative frescoes for the Sacro Monte di Varese and the Sacro Monte di Varallo. With Giovanni Battista Crespi, Giulio Cesare Procaccini and Tanzio da Varallo, he was one of the principal Lombard painters of the early 17th century. Like many of his contemporaries, he was strongly affected by the piety and mysticism of the teaching of Charles Borromeo, yet his work is distinguished from theirs by a greater classicism, owing to his training in Rome.
Residency (administrative division)
A Residency was an administrative division of:

the former British Empire. Most notable were the following:
British Residency of the Persian Gulf
Residencies of British India see: Category:Residencies of British India

the Dutch East Indies, e.g.
Jambi Residency, Batavia Residency, Semarang Residency, etc. See Administrative divisions of the Dutch East Indies.

Residencies of British India
The Residencies of British India were political offices, each managed by a Resident, who dealt with the relations between the British Government of India and one (or a territorial set) of princely states.
Gundmi
Gundmi is a panchayat town in Udupi Taluk in Udupi district in the Indian state of Karnataka. Gundmi town is one of the oldest towns in India.

It is a small town about 6 km north of Bramavara City close to the border between the two southern states of Karnataka and Kerala. It comprises two revenue villages, Gundmi and Pandeshwar, Irody, yadabettu  in Udupi  Taluk. Gundmi is located adjacent to City Corporation of Udupi  at a distance of 20 km from District Headquarters.

Gundmi is noted for historic locations such as Barkuru basadi, Barakuru Maalik Deenar Masjid, Beach Resort, Barkur's Fort, Shri Ammanavara Temple, Gundmi juma masjid, SKSM Salafi Center Gundmi Unit, Mani Chennakeshava Temple, Saint Thomas Church, and Divine park.

This town is an important trading centre for fish and fish manure. Fishing and beedi rolling are main occupations of the residents of this town.

Udupi taluk
Udupi taluk is a taluk in the Udupi District of the Indian state of Karnataka. The headquarters is the town of Udupi.

According to the Indian Census of 2001, Udupi taluk has a population of 529,225 (251,021 males, 278,204 females) in 104,608 households, divided between an urban population of 152,646 and a rural population of 376,579. There are 99 villages identified as part of Udupi taluk.
Scout (Scouting)
A Scout, Boy Scout, Girl Scout, or, in some countries, a Pathfinder is a participant in the Scout Movement, usually aged 10–18 years, who engages in learning scoutcraft and outdoor and other special interest activities. Some Scout organizations have split this wide age group development span into junior and senior programs. Scouts are often organized into patrols of about 6–8 Scouts under a patrol leader with a number of patrols forming a larger troop under the guidance of one or more adult leaders or Scoutmasters. Many troops are affiliated with local, national and international organizations. Some Scout organizations have special interest programs such as Air Scouts, Sea Scouts, high adventure, Scout bands, mounted scouts and cyclist Scouts. In the United States there were around 6 million scouts in 2011.

Button
A button (/bʌtən/) is a  fastener that joins two pieces of fabric together by slipping through a loop or by sliding through a buttonhole.

In modern clothing and fashion design, buttons are commonly made of plastic but also may be made of metal, wood, or seashell. Buttons can also be used on containers such as wallets and bags. Buttons may be sewn onto garments and similar items exclusively for purposes of ornamentation. In the applied arts and craft, a button can be an example of folk art, studio craft, or even a miniature work of art. In archaeology, a button can be a significant artifact.
Moers Festival
The Moers Festival is an annual international music festival in Moers, Germany. The festival has changed from concentrating on free jazz to including world and pop music, though it still invites many avant-garde jazz musicians. Performers at Moers include Lester Bowie, Fred Frith, Jan Garbarek, Herbie Hancock, Abdullah Ibrahim, David Murray, Sun Ra, Archie Shepp, and Cecil Taylor. The festival is officially named "mœrs festival" with lowercase letters.

David Murray (saxophonist)
David Keith Murray (born February 19, 1955) is an American jazz saxophonist and composer who performs mostly on tenor and bass clarinet. He has recorded prolifically for many record labels since the mid-1970s. He lives in New York City.
Grace Wolf-Chase
Grace Annamarie Wolf-Chase (née Wolf) is an American astronomer and science educator, working as a senior scientist and senior education and communication specialist at the Planetary Science Institute. Her research interests include star formation and planet formation. She is also interested in citizen science, and was one of the creators of The Milky Way Project, searching for stellar-wind bubbles in the Milky Way. Her work has also involved writing and communicating about the relation between astronomy and religion.

Star formation
Star formation is the process by which dense regions within molecular clouds in interstellar space—sometimes referred to as "stellar nurseries" or "star-forming regions"—collapse and form stars. As a branch of astronomy, star formation includes the study of the interstellar medium (ISM) and giant molecular clouds (GMC) as precursors to the star formation process, and the study of protostars and young stellar objects as its immediate products.  It is closely related to planet formation, another branch of astronomy.  Star formation theory, as well as accounting for the formation of a single star, must also account for the statistics of binary stars and the initial mass function. Most stars do not form in isolation but as part of a group of stars referred to as star clusters or stellar associations.
Sylwia Nowak-Trębacka
Sylwia Nowak-Trębacka (Polish pronunciation: [ˈsɨlvja ˈnɔvak trɛmˈbat͡ska]; born 28 April 1976) is a Polish ice dancing coach and former competitor. With partner Sebastian Kolasiński, she is the 1998 Skate Canada International bronze medalist, 1999 Cup of Russia bronze medalist, 1994 World Junior champion, and a nine-time Polish national champion.

1998 Skate Canada International
The 1998 Skate Canada International was the second event of six in the 1998–99 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating, a senior-level international invitational competition series. It was held in Kamloops, British Columbia on November 5–8. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing. Skaters earned points toward qualifying for the 1998–99 Grand Prix Final.
Manarola
Manarola (Manaea in the local dialect) is a small town, a frazione of the comune (municipality) of Riomaggiore, in the province of La Spezia, Liguria, Northern Italy. It is the second-smallest of the famous Cinque Terre towns frequented by tourists, with a population of 353.

Province of La Spezia
The province of La Spezia (Italian: provincia della Spezia; Ligurian: provinsa dea Spèza) is a province in the Liguria region of Italy. Its capital is the city of La Spezia. It has 214,986 inhabitants in 32 municipalities.
Maryland Route 908
Maryland Route 908 (MD 908) is a collection of unsigned state highways in Anne Arundel County in the U.S. state of Maryland. These five highways are service roads that parallel and provide access to U.S. Route 50 (US 50) and US 301 along their western approach to the Chesapeake Bay Bridge; the highways also provide access to Sandy Point State Park. The first modern highway from Cape St. Claire to Skidmore was constructed in the late 1920s and replaced by the modern alignment of US 50 in the late 1940s. The frontage roads on either side of the U.S. Highway were constructed in the early 1950s. The mainline segments of MD 908 assumed their present form when US 50 and US 301 were upgraded to a freeway in the early 1990s.

Cape St. Claire, Maryland
Cape St. Claire, a suburb of Annapolis, is a covenanted, unincorporated community as well as a census-designated place (CDP) in Anne Arundel County, Maryland, United States. While the community of Cape St. Claire lies entirely within the CDP and accounts for approximately 80% of the homes and residents, the CDP also includes the smaller communities of Atlantis, Walnut Ridge, Green Holly, and St. Claire Court. The population of the CDP was 8,747 at the 2010 census.

Contained within Cape St. Claire are three marinas, multiple parks and beaches, a shopping center, Broadneck High School, Cape St. Claire Elementary School, The Harbour School, and Cape St. Claire Swim Club. Fire protection is provided by the Cape St. Claire Volunteer Fire Company. There are many churches located in the community including: Broadneck Baptist Church, Cape St. Claire United Methodist Church and Christ Our Anchor Presbyterian Church and Saint Andrew By the Bay Roman Catholic Church.
Bagmati Province Football Association
Bagmati Province Football Association, (formerly known as Province No. 3 Football Association) and also known as Bagmati Province FA is a Nepali provincial football Association, based in the Bagmati Province of Nepal. It sends men's state team for National Games and women's team for National Women's League.

It organized Referee Course on regular interval of time to broaden the capacity and quality of football in the province. Also, Bagmati Province organized Bagmati Province League Football championship annually.

ANFA Women's League
The ANFA Women's League  (Nepali: एन्फा महिला लिग), previously known as National Women's League, is the top division of professional women's club football organized by the All Nepal Football Association in Nepal. APF FC has been the most successful club in the history of the competition, winning it seven times.
Type IV collagen
Collagen IV (ColIV or Col4) is a type of collagen found primarily in the basal lamina.  The collagen IV C4 domain at the C-terminus is not removed in post-translational processing, and the fibers link head-to-head, rather than in parallel.  Also, collagen IV lacks the regular glycine in every third residue necessary for the tight, collagen helix.  This makes the overall arrangement more sloppy with kinks.  These two features cause the collagen to form in a sheet, the form of the basal lamina. Collagen IV is the more common usage, as opposed to the older terminology of "type-IV collagen". Collagen IV exists in all metazoan phyla, to whom it served as an evolutionary stepping stone to multicellularity.

There are six human genes associated with it:

COL4A1, COL4A2, COL4A3, COL4A4, COL4A5, COL4A6

Collagen helix
In molecular biology, the collagen triple helix or type-2 helix is the main secondary structure of various types of fibrous collagen, including type I collagen. In 1954, Ramachandran & Kartha (13, 14) advanced a structure for the collagen triple helix on the basis of fiber diffraction data. It consists of a triple helix made of the repetitious amino acid sequence glycine-X-Y, where X and Y are frequently proline or hydroxyproline. Collagen folded into a triple helix is known as tropocollagen. Collagen triple helices are often bundled into fibrils which themselves form larger fibres, as in tendons.
Härma, Hiiu County
Härma is a village in Hiiumaa Parish, Hiiu County in northwestern Estonia.

The village was first mentioned in 1798 (Herma). Historically, the village was part of Emmaste Manor (German: Emmast).

From 1977 to 1997, Härma was part of the village of Kaderna.

Hiiu County
Hiiu County (Estonian: Hiiu maakond or Hiiumaa) is one of 15 counties of Estonia, being the smallest county both in terms of area and population. It consists of Hiiumaa (German and Swedish: Dagö), the second-largest island of Estonia, and several smaller islands near it. The county borders Lääne County to the east and Saare County to the south.
Mayeye
The Mayeye were a Tonkawa–speaking Native American people, who once lived in southeastern Texas. Coastal Mayeyes likely were absorbed into Karankawa communities. Inland Mayeyes likely joined larger Tonkawa communities.

Tonkawa language
The Tonkawa language was a language spoken in Oklahoma, Texas, and New Mexico by the Tonkawa people. A language isolate, with no known related languages, Tonkawa has not had L1 (first language) speakers since the mid 20th century. Few Tonkawa people speak the language, but revitalization is underway.
Botričnica
Botričnica (pronounced [bɔˈtɾiːtʃnitsa]) is a settlement in the Municipality of Šentjur, in Eastern Slovenia. It lies north of the town of Šentjur. The settlement, and the entire municipality, are included in the Savinja Statistical Region, which is in the Slovenian portion of the historical Duchy of Styria.

The local church is dedicated to Mary of the Seven Sorrows and belongs to the Parish of Šentjur. It was built in 1736.

Eastern Slovenia
Eastern Slovenia (Vzhodna Slovenija) is a subdivision of Slovenia as defined by the Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS). It is classified as a NUTS-2 statistical region of Slovenia. The region forms the eastern part of the country, encompassing an area of 12,433.1 km2 (4,800.4 sq mi). It incorporates eight statistical regions–Mura, Drava, Carinthia, Savinja, Central Sava, Lower Sava, Southeast Slovenia, and Littoral–Inner Carniola. It has a population of more than a million, and the largest cities include Maribor and Celje.
Acetylputrescine deacetylase
In enzymology, an acetylputrescine deacetylase (EC 3.5.1.62) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are N-acetylputrescine and H2O, whereas its two products are acetate and putrescine.

This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, those acting on carbon-nitrogen bonds other than peptide bonds, specifically in linear amides.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is N-acetylputrescine acetylhydrolase. This enzyme participates in urea cycle and metabolism of amino groups.

Putrescine
Putrescine is an organic compound with the formula (CH2)4(NH2)2. It is a colorless solid that melts near room temperature. It is classified as a diamine. Together with cadaverine, it is largely responsible for the foul odor of putrefying flesh, but also contributes to other unpleasant odors.
Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne station
Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne (also Saint-Jean de Maurienne–Vallée de l'Arvan) is a railway station located in Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne, Savoie, France. The station was opened on 20 October 1856 and is located on the Culoz–Modane railway. The train station is operated by SNCF, with TGV inOui, Frecciarossa and regional TER rail services.

In the 2020s, it is rebuilt in the context of the construction of the Lyon-Turin high-speed railway, to make it an international station, since the tunnel at the base of Mount Ambin is just a few hundred meters further to the southeast.

Savoie
Savoie (French pronunciation: [savwa]; Arpitan: Savouè or Savouè-d'Avâl, lit. 'Lower Savoy'; Italian: Savoia; Occitan: Savòia; English: Savoy, /səˈvɔɪ/) is a department in the region of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Southeastern France. Located in the French Alps, its prefecture is Chambéry. In 2019, Savoie had a population of 436,434.

Together with Haute-Savoie, it is one of the two departments of the historical region of Savoy; the Duchy of Savoy was annexed by France in 1860, following the signing of the Treaty of Turin. The area is known for its numerous ski resorts and contribution to French cuisine, with culinary specialities such as fondue savoyarde, tartiflette, génépi, as well as various sorts of saucisson.