hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
History of rugby union matches between South Africa and the British & Irish Lions
In rugby union, since their first meeting in 1891, the British & Irish Lions and the South Africa national team have contested 13 series, with South Africa winning nine to the Lions' four, and one drawn series in 1955. The two teams have played 49 matches; South Africa have won 25 times to the Lions' 18, with the remaining six matches finishing as draws. The Lions won the first two series between the two sides in 1891 and 1896, including wins in the first six matches, but then did not win another series until their unbeaten 1974 tour. After South Africa's victory in the 1980 series, the two teams did not meet again until 1997 as a result of apartheid sanctions; the Lions won the 1997 series, before South Africa won the next two tours; 2009 and 2021.

1974 British Lions tour to South Africa
In 1974, the British & Irish Lions toured South Africa, with matches in South West Africa and Rhodesia. Under the leadership of Willie John McBride, the Lions went through the tour undefeated, winning 21 of their 22 matches and being held to a draw in the final match, albeit in controversial circumstances. The 1974 squad became known as 'The Invincibles' and regarded as the greatest rugby tour in history.
Skärholmen Centrum
Skärholmen Centrum, also known and contracted as SKHLM, is a shopping center located in the Skärholmen borough of Stockholm in Sweden. The mall has a total gross leasable area of 98,000 m2 (1,050,000 sq ft), including  of public services, and is anchored by ICA, Systembolaget, H&M and Åhléns. It was inaugurated in 1968 by Prince Bertil, Duke of Halland and has been refurbished a number of times, most notably in 2008, when it was reopened by King Carl XVI Gustav. It's one of five malls owned by the Grosvenor Group in Sweden, and attracts approximately 14 million visitors annually, with an annual turnover of SEK 2 billion.

Contraction (grammar)
A contraction is a shortened version of the spoken and written forms of a word, syllable, or word group, created by omission of internal letters and sounds.

In linguistic analysis, contractions should not be confused with crasis, abbreviations and initialisms (including acronyms), with which they share some semantic and phonetic functions, though all three are connoted by the term "abbreviation" in layman’s terms. Contraction is also distinguished from morphological clipping, where beginnings and endings are omitted.

The definition overlaps with the term portmanteau (a linguistic blend), but a distinction can be made between a portmanteau and a contraction by noting that contractions are formed from words that would otherwise appear together in sequence, such as do and not, whereas a portmanteau word is formed by combining two or more existing words that all relate to a singular concept that the portmanteau describes.
Alfred Bryan (lyricist)
Alfred Bryan (September 15, 1871 – April 1, 1958) was a Canadian lyricist.

Bryan was born in Brantford, Ontario.  He worked as an arranger in New York and wrote lyrics for many Broadway shows in the late 1910s and early 1920s; often collaborating with composer Jean Schwartz. In the 1920s he moved to Hollywood to write lyrics for screen musicals.

Bryan worked with several composers during his career. Among his collaborators were Henriette Blanke-Belcher, Fred Fischer, Al Sherman, Larry Stock and Joe McCarthy. Perhaps his most successful song was "I Didn't Raise My Boy to Be a Soldier" (1915), with music by Al Piantadosi. The song sold 650,000 copies during the first three months and became one of 1915's top-selling songs in the United States. Although Bryan himself was not a committed pacifist, he described the American public's anti-war sentiments in his lyrics.

He died in Gladstone, New Jersey, aged 86.

Brantford
Brantford is a city in Ontario, Canada, founded on the Grand River in Southwestern Ontario. It is surrounded by Brant County but is politically separate with a municipal government of its own that is fully independent of the county's municipal government.

Brantford is situated on the Haldimand Tract, and is named after Joseph Brant, a Mohawk leader, soldier, farmer and slave owner. Brant was an important Loyalist leader during the American Revolutionary War and later, after the Haudenosaunee moved to the Brantford area in Upper Canada. Many of his descendants and other First Nations people live on the nearby Six Nations of the Grand River reserve south of Brantford; it is the most populous reserve in Canada.

Brantford is known as the "Telephone City" because resident Alexander Graham Bell invented the first telephone at his father's homestead, Melville House, now the Bell Homestead National Historic Site, located in Tutela Heights south of the city.
Down Time
"Down Time" is a song by New Zealand R&B singer Aaradhna, released as her debut solo single in 2006. It entered the New Zealand Singles Chart at number four on 23 January 2006 and peaked at number three. It finished 2006 as New Zealand's 13th-most-successful single and was certified double platinum by Recorded Music NZ for sales and streaming figures exceeding 60,000 units.

Official Aotearoa Music Charts
The Official Aotearoa Music Charts, formerly the Official New Zealand Music Chart (Māori: Te Papa Tātai Waiata Matua o Aotearoa), is the weekly New Zealand top 40 singles and albums charts, issued weekly by Recorded Music NZ (formerly Recording Industry Association of New Zealand). The Music Chart also includes the top 40 Hot Singles chart, the top 20 New Zealand artist singles and albums, the top 20 Hot New Zealand singles, and top 10 compilation albums. All charts are compiled from data of both physical and digital sales from music retailers in New Zealand.

The chart also publishes gold and platinum certifications of albums and singles, according to thresholds set by Recorded Music NZ, through the database on radioscope.net.nz.
Oscar Hertwig
Oscar Hertwig (21 April 1849 in Friedberg – 25 October 1922 in Berlin) was a German embryologist and zoologist known for his research in developmental biology and evolution. Hertwig is credited as the first person to observe sexual reproduction at the cellular level, by looking at the cells of sea urchins under the microscope.

Embryology
Embryology (from Greek ἔμβρυον, embryon, 'the unborn, embryo'; and -λογία, -logia) is the branch of zoology that studies the prenatal development of gametes (sex cells), fertilization and development of embryos and fetuses. Embryology includes teratology, the study of congenital disorders that occur before birth.

Early embryology, put forward by Marcello Malpighi, was preformationist in concept: based on the idea that organisms develop from pre-existing miniature versions of themselves.  The theory now accepted, epigenesis, is the idea that organisms develop from seed or egg in a sequence of steps.  This concept was proposed in antiquity by Aristotle. Modern embryology developed from the work of Karl Ernst von Baer, though accurate observations had been made in Italy by anatomists such as Aldrovandi and Leonardo da Vinci in the Renaissance.
2002–03 Leicester City F.C. season
During the 2002–03 English football season, Leicester City F.C. competed in the Football League First Division after being relegated from the FA Premier League the previous season. Despite being placed into administration, Leicester managed to regain promotion to the Premier League.

2001–02 Leicester City F.C. season
The 2001–02 season saw Leicester City relegated from the FA Premier League (known as the FA Barclaycard Premiership for sponsorship reasons), ending their 6-year run in England's top flight. A tumultuous season amid rising financial issues would see the Foxes go through four managers and suffer relegation to the First Division in April, finishing bottom of the league with 28 points and just five wins all season.
Revry
Revry (Revry.tv) is a global streaming network launched in 2016 that focuses on queer content and creators. It was founded by Damian Pelliccione, Wadooah Wali, Alia J. Daniels, Christopher Rodriguez, and LaShawn McGhee. The website offers a curated selection of films, series, podcasts, music, and videos. Additionally, Revry releases original content, including the series Gayborhood, Before I Got Famous, and Drag Roast, as well as numerous podcasts. Its content is available online and via services including iOS, Apple TV, Amazon Fire, Android TV, Roku, Samsung TV Plus, Philo and TiVo

In addition to its LGBTQ+ themes, Revry promotes content inclusive of racial and ethnic diversity. In 2019, founder Rodriguez said, "I think a driving force behind our programming is reflecting the community as we are as opposed to what's trendy or what big-wig execs think is marketable."

Revry's company headquarters are in Glendale, California.

Android TV
Android TV is an operating system developed by Google, it is a closed-source Android distribution. Android TV features a user interface designed around content discovery and voice search, content aggregation from various media apps and services, and integration with other recent Google technologies such as Assistant, Cast, and Knowledge Graph.

The platform was unveiled in June 2014, as a successor to Google TV, available first on the Nexus Player in October. The platform has since been adopted as smart TV middleware by companies such as Hisense, Sony, Panasonic, Philips, Sharp, Motorola, Nokia, Toshiba, TCL and Xiaomi. Android TV products have also been adopted as set-top boxes by a number of IPTV television providers. The "Operator Tier" certification allows operators to distribute their own custom devices based on the Android TV platform.
Rothselberg
Rothselberg is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Kusel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde Lauterecken-Wolfstein.

Lauterecken-Wolfstein
Lauterecken-Wolfstein is a Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") in the district of Kusel, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. The seat of the Verbandsgemeinde is in Lauterecken. It was formed on 1 July 2014 by the merger of the former Verbandsgemeinden Lauterecken and Wolfstein.

The Verbandsgemeinde Lauterecken-Wolfstein consists of the following Ortsgemeinden ("local municipalities"):

49°37′N 7°35′E﻿ / ﻿49.62°N 7.59°E﻿ / 49.62; 7.59
Karlheinz Brandenburg
Karlheinz Brandenburg (born 20 June 1954) is a German electrical engineer and mathematician. Together with Ernst Eberlein, Heinz Gerhäuser (former Institutes Director of Fraunhofer IIS), Bernhard Grill, Jürgen Herre and Harald Popp (all Fraunhofer IIS), he developed the widespread MP3 method for audio data compression. He is also known for his elementary work in the field of audio coding, perception measurement, wave field synthesis and psychoacoustics. Brandenburg has received numerous national and international research awards, prizes and honors for his work. Since 2000 he has been a professor of electronic media technology at the Technical University Ilmenau. Brandenburg was significantly involved in the founding of the Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Media Technology (IDMT) and currently serves as its director.

Brandenburg has been called the "father of the MP3" format.

Wave field synthesis
Wave field synthesis (WFS) is a spatial audio rendering technique, characterized by creation of virtual acoustic environments. It produces artificial wavefronts synthesized by a large number of individually driven loudspeakers from elementary waves. Such wavefronts seem to originate from a virtual starting point, the virtual sound source. Contrary to traditional phantom sound sources, the localization of WFS established virtual sound sources does not depend on the listener's position. Like a genuine sound source the virtual source remains at fixed starting point.
Lowell Galindo
Lowell Galindo (born c. 1980) is an American sportscaster and play by play commentator, best known for his job as a commentator for college football on ESPN. A graduate of Emerson College, Galindo also previously covered the Texas Longhorns' Longhorn Network from 2011 to 2024, as well as having worked for other ventures, such as the XFL on ESPN, and the UFL on ESPN, as well as ESPNU.

United Football League (2024–present)
The United Football League (UFL) is a professional American football spring league in the United States. The league was created following the merger of the latest iterations of the XFL and United States Football League (USFL); it started play in March 2024. It comprises eight teams, five of which were members of the XFL or USFL prior to the UFL's creation, and all concentrated in the Midwest and Southern United States.
Hasok Chang
Hasok Chang (Korean: 장하석; born March 26, 1967) is a South Korea-born American historian and philosopher of science currently serving as the Hans Rausing Professor at the Department of History and Philosophy of Science at the University of Cambridge and a board member of the Philosophy of Science Association. He previously served as president of the British Society for the History of Science from 2012 to 2014.

His areas of interest include the history and philosophy of chemistry and physics, the philosophy of scientific practice, measurement in quantum mechanics, realism, scientific evidence, pluralism and pragmatism.

Hans Rausing
Hans Anders Rausing (25 March 1926 – 30 August 2019) was a Swedish industrialist and philanthropist based in the United Kingdom. His fortune derived from his co-inheritance of Tetra Pak, a company founded by his father Ruben Rausing, and the largest food packaging company in the world. In the early 1980s Rausing moved to the United Kingdom to avoid Swedish taxes, in 1995 he sold his share of the company to his brother, Gad.

In the Forbes world fortune ranking, Rausing was placed at number 83 with an estimated fortune of US$10 billion in 2011. According to Forbes, he was the second richest Swedish billionaire in 2013. By the time of his death in August 2019, Forbes estimated the net worth of Rausing and his family to be $12 billion.
Finding Violet Park
Finding Violet Park, or Me, the Missing, and the Dead in the U.S., is a young adult novel by Jenny Valentine, published by HarperCollins in 2007. It is about a fatherless teenage boy, Lucas Swain, who finds an urn containing the ashes of the titular Violet Park abandoned in a minicab office and determines to lay her to rest. HarperCollins published the first US edition April 2008, entitled Me, the Missing, and the Dead.

Valentine won the annual Guardian Children's Fiction Prize, a once-in-a-lifetime book award judged by a panel of British children's writers. The novel was also highly commended for the Branford Boase Award, and was longlisted for the 2008 Manchester Book Award.

Jenny Valentine is also the author of Broken Soup, The Ant Colony, and The Double Life of Cassiel Roadnight.

Branford Boase Award
The Branford Boase Award is a British literary award presented annually to an outstanding children's or young-adult novel by a first-time writer; "the most promising book for seven year-olds and upwards by a first time novelist." The award is shared by both the author and their editor, which The Oxford Companion to Children's Literature noted is unusual for literary awards.
Assicurazioni Generali
Assicurazioni Generali S.p.A. (/ˌdʒɛnəˈrɑːli/ JEN-ər-AH-lee, Italian: [assikuratˈtsjoːni dʒeneˈraːli]; meaning 'general insurances') or commonly known as Generali Group is an Italian insurance company based in Trieste. As of 2022, it is the largest insurance company in Italy and ranks among the world's largest insurance companies by net premiums and assets.

Generali's major competitors at the international level are AXA, Allianz and Zurich Insurance Group.
The company is listed on the Borsa Italiana and is part of the FTSE MIB index of the same stock exchange.

FTSE MIB
The FTSE MIB (Milano Indice di Borsa) (the S&P/MIB prior to June 2009)  is the benchmark stock market index for the Borsa Italiana, the Italian national stock exchange, which superseded the MIB-30 in September 2004. The index consists of the 40 most-traded stock classes on the exchange. The index was administered by Standard & Poor's from its inception until June 2009, when this responsibility was passed to FTSE Group, which is 100% owned by the London Stock Exchange Group.
Schiersteiner Straße
Schiersteiner Straße is a major arterial road in Wiesbaden, Germany, running from Ringstraße at the north end, south towards as continuation of Bundesautobahn 643 through the suburb of Rheingauviertel. The Schiersteiner Straße is a four lane street and part of Bundesstraße 262. Together with the Mainzer Straße and the Ringstraße, it is a busy southern arterial road in Wiesbaden, often congested during peak hours.

50°04′15″N 8°13′39″E﻿ / ﻿50.0708°N 8.2274°E﻿ / 50.0708; 8.2274

Wiesbaden-Rheingauviertel
Rheingauviertel is a borough of the city of Wiesbaden, Hesse, Germany. With over 22,000 inhabitants, it is one of the most-populated of Wiesbaden's boroughs. It is located in the centre of the city. It is named after the wine region Rheingau to the west of Wiesbaden.
Eugen Hoffers
Carl Eugen Hoffers (1832 Jēkabpils, Courland – 1893 Saint Petersburg) was a Finnish photographer. He was one of the most significant photographers of his era in Finland.

Hoffers founded a photo studio in the center of Helsinki in the early 1860s. He gained fame for his documentary and landscape paintings. Among other things, he described the preparations for Alexander II's visit to Helsinki in 1863, and from 1868 onwards, with the emperor's consent, he used the title of court photographer. In 1873 he moved his photographic studio to St. Petersburg, where he gained great notoriety for his work.

The panorama of the tower of St. Nicholas Church (later Helsinki Cathedral) from 1866, photographed by Hoffers, is the oldest panorama of Helsinki and one of the oldest Helsinki-themed photographs in general.

Several dozen photographs of Hoffers have been preserved in the archives of the Helsinki City Museum.

Helsinki Cathedral
Helsinki Cathedral (Finnish: Helsingin tuomiokirkko, Suurkirkko; Swedish: Helsingfors domkyrka, Storkyrkan) is the Finnish Evangelical Lutheran cathedral of the Diocese of Helsinki, located in the neighborhood of Kruununhaka in the centre of Helsinki, Finland, at the Senate Square. The church was originally built from 1830 to 1852 as a tribute to the Grand Duke of Finland, Emperor Nicholas I of Russia. It was also known as St Nicholas's Church (Finnish: Nikolainkirkko, Swedish: Nikolajkyrkan) until Finland declared its full independence in 1917. It is a major landmark of the city, and one of the most famous historical structures in Finland as a whole when viewed globally.
Ernst Jakob Henne
Ernst Jakob Henne ((1904-02-22)22 February 1904 – 23 May 2005(2005-05-23) (aged 101) ) was a German motorcycle racer and racecar driver.

Henne was born in the village of Weiler, near Wangen im Allgäu. His father was a saddlemaker. In 1919 Henne was apprenticed to a become a motor vehicle mechanic. He started racing in 1923 in Mühldorf, finishing third on a Megola in his first race. In 1925 he competed in the Monza Grand Prix, his first major international event, where he placed sixth in the 350cc class.

Mühldorf
Mühldorf am Inn (German pronunciation: [ˈmyːldɔʁf ʔam ʔˈɪn] ⓘ, lit. 'Mühldorf on the Inn'; Central Bavarian: Muihdorf am Inn) is a town in Bavaria, Germany, and the capital of the district Mühldorf on the river Inn. It is located at 48°14′30″N 12°31′30″E﻿ / ﻿48.24167°N 12.52500°E﻿ / 48.24167; 12.52500, and had a population of about 17,808 in 2005.  The 2022 census counted 21,917 residents.
RapidDestroyer
RapidDestroyer is the commercial name for a United Kingdom radio-frequency directed-energy weapon (RF-DEW) and electronic warfare demonstrator, built to "track, target and defeat swarms of drones", currently under development for the British Armed Forces. It is being developed as part of Project Ealing, a joint project of the Ministry of Defence's Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (Dstl) and Defence Equipment & Support DE&S agencies, working in conjunction with a team of industry partners, named Team Hersa, which includes Thales UK, QinetiQ, Teledyne e2v and Horiba Mira.  It was first unveiled publicly on 16 May 2024 and was field tested for the first time in December 2024. During its first trials, the system was mounted on an RMMV HX60 4×4 truck chassis, and neutralised over 100 drones, while in one experiment the system brought down two swarms of drones in a single engagement.

Electronic warfare
Electromagnetic warfare or electronic warfare (EW) is warfare involving the use of the electromagnetic spectrum (EM spectrum) or directed energy to control the spectrum, attack an enemy, or impede enemy operations. The purpose of electromagnetic warfare is to deny the opponent the advantage of—and ensure friendly unimpeded access to—the EM spectrum. Electromagnetic warfare can be applied from air, sea, land, or space by crewed and uncrewed systems and can target communication, radar, or other military and civilian assets.
Department of Social Services (Australia)
The Department of Social Services (DSS) is a department of the Australian Government responsible for national policies and programs related to social welfare and social security. Additionally, the department develops and implements social policy.

The head of the department is the Secretary of the Department of Social Services, currently Michael Lye, who reports to the Minister for Social Services. As of May 2025, the ministers of the department are Tanya Plibersek, Minister for Social Services, and Katy Gallagher, Minister for Government Services. They are joined by one assistant minister, Ged Kearney, who is the Assistant Minister for Social Services and Assistant Minister for the Prevention of Family Violence.

The head office of the department is located in the Australian Capital Territory suburb of Greenway.

Ged Kearney
Gerardine Mary "Ged" Kearney (born 29 October 1963) is an Australian politician and trade unionist who is a member of the Australian Parliament for the Division of Cooper. She is a member of the Australian Labor Party. Since 2025, Kearney has served as Assistant Minister for Social Services and Assistant Minister for the Prevention of Family Violence in the Albanese government. Kearney has been a member of the House of Representatives since March 2018, formerly representing the Division of Batman. Prior to entering politics, she served as president of the Australian Council of Trade Unions (ACTU) from 2010 to 2018.
William Pitt Peckham
William Pitt Peckham (October 28, 1836– after 1879 ) was an American businessman from Neenah, Wisconsin who served a single one-year term as a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly from Winnebago County.

Neenah, Wisconsin
Neenah (/ˈniːnə/ NEE-nə) is a city in Winnebago County, Wisconsin, United States. It is situated on the banks of Lake Winnebago, Little Lake Butte des Morts, and the Fox River approximately 10 miles (16 km) northeast of Oshkosh and 40 miles (64 km) southwest of Green Bay. Neenah's population was 27,319 at the 2020 census.

Neenah is within the geographic boundaries of the Town of Neenah, but is politically independent. The city is the southwesternmost of the Fox Cities of northeast Wisconsin. It is a principal city of the Oshkosh–Neenah metropolitan statistical area, which consists of all of Winnebago County and had 171,730 residents in 2020. It is sometimes referred to as a twin city with Menasha, with which it shares Doty Island.
Recipe for Disaster (album)
Recipe for Disaster is the second full-length album by the American hard rock band Brand New Sin. It was released in 2005 via Century Media Records.

Singles included "Black and Blue," for which a music video was made, and "Days Are Numbered."

Century Media Records
Century Media Records is a German heavy metal record label with offices in Germany, the United States and the United Kingdom. In August 2015, Century Media was acquired by Sony Music for US$17 million.