hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Soğucak railway station
Soğucak station is a station just north of the village of Soğucak in the Balıkesir Province of Turkey. Three daily trains, operated by TCDD Taşımacılık, stop at the station. The station was originally built by the Smyrna Cassaba Railway in 1912 and sold to the Turkish State Railways in 1934.

TCDD Transport
TCDD Transport or Turkish State Railways Transport (Turkish: TCDD Taşımacılık, reporting mark TCDDT) is a government-owned railway company responsible for the operations of most passenger and freight rail in Turkey. The company was formed on 14 June 2016, splitting off from Turkish State Railways (TCDD) to take over railway operations, while TCDD would continue to administer railway infrastructure. TCDD Taşımacılık officially began operations on 1 January 2017.

TCDD Taşımacılık operates trains on a network of over 12,430 km (7,720 mi) within 59 of the 81 provinces in Turkey.
Azekeyevo
Azekeyevo (Russian: Азекеево; Bashkir: Әзекәй, Äzekäy) is a rural locality (a village) in Tuzlukushevsky Selsoviet, Belebeyevsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 15 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

Belebeyevsky District
Belebeyevsky District (Russian: Белебе́евский райо́н, romanized: Belebeyevskiy rayon; Bashkir and Tatar: Бәләбәй районы, Bäläbäy rayonı; Chuvash: Пелепей районĕ, Pelepey rayonĕ) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the west of the republic and borders with Tuymazinsky and Buzdyaksky Districts in the north, Davlekanovsky District in the east, Alsheyevsky District in the southeast, Bizhbulyaksky District in the south, and with Yermekeyevsky District in the west. The area of the district is 1,911.2 square kilometers (737.9 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Belebey (which is not administratively a part of the district). As of the 2021 Russian census, Belebeyevsky District has a population of 96,731.
Pinnau
Pinnau is an Amt ("collective municipality") in the district of Pinneberg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. The Amt Pinnau was formed in January 2007 by the merger of the Ämter Bönningstedt and Pinneberg-Land. The seat of the Amt is in Rellingen, itself not part of the Amt.

The Amt Pinnau consists of the following municipalities:

Borstel-Hohenraden

Ellerbek

Kummerfeld

Prisdorf

Tangstedt

Amt
Amt is a type of administrative division governing a group of municipalities, today only in Germany, but formerly also common in other countries of Northern Europe. Its size and functions differ by country and the term is roughly equivalent to a British or U.S. county.
Yodobashi
Yodobashi ward (淀橋区, Yodobashi-ku) is one of the 35 former wards of Tokyo-Fu, Tokyo City.  On October 1, 1932, the towns of Yodobashi, Okubo, Totsuka, and Ochiai were merged into Yodobashi ward.  In 1947, it was merged with Yotsuya and Ushigome wards of Tokyo City to form the present-day Shinjuku ward.  It covered 9.33 square kilometres (3.60 sq mi) and 51,090 people as of October 1, 1945, shortly after the end of World War II and after mass loss of population due to Bombing of Tokyo.  Yodobashi Camera is a store with its name taken from the town and ward.

35°41′49″N 139°42′16″E﻿ / ﻿35.69694°N 139.70444°E﻿ / 35.69694; 139.70444

Shinjuku
Shinjuku (Japanese: 新宿区, Hepburn: Shinjuku-ku; IPA: [ɕiɲdʑɯkɯ] ⓘ), officially called Shinjuku City, is one of the 23 special wards of Tokyo.

Since the end of World War II, Shinjuku has become a major secondary center of Tokyo (fukutoshin), rivaling the original city center in Marunouchi. Today, it is a major commercial and administrative center, housing the busiest railway station in the world (Shinjuku Station) as well as the Tokyo Metropolitan Government Building, the administrative center of the Tokyo Metropolitan Government.

As of 2025, the ward has an estimated population of 355,981, living in a total area of 18.23 km2.
Cloister vault
In architecture, a cloister vault (also called a pavilion vault) is a vault with four convex surfaces (patches of cylinders) meeting at a point above the center of the vault.

It can be thought of as formed by two barrel vaults that cross at right angles to each other: the open space within the vault is the intersection of the space within the two barrel vaults, and the solid material that surrounds the vault is the union of the solid material surrounding the two barrel vaults.
In this way it differs from a groin vault, which is also formed from two barrel vaults but in the opposite way: in a groin vault, the space is the union of the spaces of two barrel vaults, and the solid material is the intersection.

A cloister vault is a square domical vault, a kind of vault with a polygonal base. Domical vaults can have other polygons as cross-sections (especially octagons) rather than being limited to squares.

Union (set theory)
In set theory, the union (denoted by ∪) of a collection of sets is the set of all elements in the collection. It is one of the fundamental operations through which sets can be combined and related to each other. 
A nullary union refers to a union of zero (⁠⁠) sets and it is by definition equal to the empty set.

For explanation of the symbols used in this article, refer to the table of mathematical symbols.
Jennifer Whitehead
Jennifer Whitehead (born 7 March 1977) is an American volleyball player and coach.

She played for the United States women's national volleyball team at the 2001 FIVB Women's World Grand Champions Cup.

She played for Michigan State University, and the University of Florida.
She coached for the USA Youth National Team, and Long Island University.

United States women's national volleyball team
The United States women's national volleyball team participates in international volleyball competitions and friendly games, and is governed by USA Volleyball. Their last head coach was three-time Olympic gold medalist and retired dominant beach volleyball player Karch Kiraly.

Before 2014, the United States women's national volleyball team had achieved second place six times in major competitions (1967 World Women's Volleyball Championship, 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games, 2002 World Women's Volleyball Championship, 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, 2011 World Cup, 2012 London Olympic Games) but had never reached the top. In 2014, the team had a breakthrough to capture its first major title by defeating China in the Women's Volleyball World Championship final. The team captured its first Olympic gold medal at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics.
Karen Bystedt
Karen Bystedt (Hebrew: קרן ביסדט) is an American visual artist and photographer who was born in Israel and grew up in London, San Francisco and Los Angeles. Bystedt is best known for a series of photographs she took of Andy Warhol in 1982 and for the collaborations she has done with other artists, such as Chris Brown, using these images as the base for the designs. In 2014, LA Weekly included one of Bystedt's murals in their list of the top ten murals in the city.

LA Weekly
LA Weekly is a free weekly alternative newspaper in Los Angeles, California. The paper covers music, arts, film, theater, culture, and other local news in the Los Angeles area, in addition to sponsoring local events. LA Weekly was founded in 1978 by Jay Levin (among others), and he served as the publication's editor from 1978 to 1991, as well as its president from 1978 to 1992.
Nocturnal house
A nocturnal house, sometimes called a nocturama, is a building in a zoo or research establishment where nocturnal animals are kept and viewable by the public. The unique feature of buildings of this type is that the lighting within is isolated from the outside and reversed; i.e. it is dark during the day and lit at night. This is to enable visitors and researchers to more conveniently study nocturnal animals during daylight hours.

Internally, a building usually consists of several glass-walled enclosures containing a replica of the animals' normal environments. In the case of burrowing animals, often their tunnels are 'half-glassed' so the animals can be observed while underground.

Lighting
Lighting or illumination is the deliberate use of light to achieve practical or aesthetic effects. Lighting includes the use of both artificial light sources like lamps and light fixtures, as well as natural illumination by capturing daylight. Daylighting (using windows, skylights, or light shelves) is sometimes used as the main source of light during daytime in buildings. This can save energy in place of using artificial lighting, which represents a major component of energy consumption in buildings. Proper lighting can enhance task performance, improve the appearance of an area, or have positive psychological effects on occupants.

Indoor lighting is usually accomplished using light fixtures, and is a key part of interior design. Lighting can also be an intrinsic component of landscape projects.
Clumsy (Our Lady Peace album)
Clumsy is the second studio album by the Canadian rock band Our Lady Peace, released on January 23, 1997, by Columbia Records. The album is the band's most successful to date, achieving diamond status in Canada (1 million units sold) and strong sales in other countries, including platinum status in the U.S. for another 1 million sales. In 2007, it ranked No. 76 on "The Top 100 Canadian Albums" by Bob Mersereau and No. 33 on The Top 102 New Rock Albums of All Time by 102.1 The Edge (in 2009). The album features four hit singles: "Superman's Dead", "Automatic Flowers", "Clumsy", and "4am".

The Top 100 Canadian Albums
The Top 100 Canadian Albums is a book by journalist Bob Mersereau, published in 2007 by Goose Lane Editions.

Mersereau surveyed 600 music journalists, retailers, musicians and disc jockeys of all ages, from all parts of Canada, who each submitted a list of 10 favourite Canadian albums released between 1957 and 2007.
Asakkū marṣūtu
Namtaru lemnu asakkū marṣūtu, inscribed NAM.TAR ḪUL.GÁL Á.SÀG GIG.GA, is an ancient Mesopotamian medical treatise from the first millennium BC which concerns the “grievous asakku-demons” and the diseases they cause. Originally stretching to at least twelve tablets, it is only partially extant, with parts of around eight of the tablets from the Library of Ashurbanipal in Nineveh and a copy of tablet 3 from the temple of Nabȗ in Nimrud, ancient Kalhu. It is recorded, with a somewhat different gloss than one might have expected, in the Exorcists Manual: di-‘u GIG-tu4, di’u marṣūtu, betraying its intended purpose in the combat of the demons and the cure of the ailment they were supposed to have caused, “fever sickness,” a grave disease characterized by a headache, possibly malaria.

Library of Ashurbanipal
The Royal Library of Ashurbanipal, named after Ashurbanipal, the last great king of the Assyrian Empire, is a collection of more than 30,000 clay tablets and fragments containing texts of all kinds and in various languages from the 7th century BCE. Among its holdings was the famous Epic of Gilgamesh.

Ashurbanipal's Library gives modern historians information regarding people of the ancient Near East. In his Outline of History, H. G. Wells calls the library "the most precious source of historical material in the world."

The materials were found in the archaeological site of Kouyunjik (ancient Nineveh, capital of Assyria) in northern Mesopotamia. The site is in modern-day northern Iraq, within the city of Mosul.
Muhammad Ali Aman
Muhammad Ali Aman is former member of the Singapore Malay National Organisation, which is also known as Pertubuhan Kebangsaan Melayu Singapura (PKMS), a major political party in Singapore.  He is also the former vice-chairman of Singapore Democratic Alliance, a political alliance of four political parties. He was the former President that involved in youth work through Motivasi Youth Association, a group for Malay youths. A graduate with a degree in Computer and Information Science from the University of Technology, Malaysia, Aman is an executive director of an estate management firm.

Aman was a former unionist and had served as branch chairman of the 40,000 member United Workers of Electronic and Electrical Industries. In December 2002, he was dismissed from this post after he refused a union directive to renounce his membership of SDA. The union is affiliated  with the National Trades Union Congress.

National Trades Union Congress
The National Trades Union Congress (NTUC), also known as the Singapore National Trades Union Congress (SNTUC) internationally, is the sole national trade union centre in Singapore. NTUC leads the labour movement of Singapore, comprising 59 affiliated trade unions, 5 affiliated trade associations, 6 social enterprises, 6 related organisations and other enterprise partners.

The NTUC helms May Day celebrations and organises an annual rally in support of workers' solidarity and commitment to a tripartite partnership. Since its inception, the NTUC has had a close symbiotic relationship with the People's Action Party (PAP), the current ruling political party of the country.
Glacier travel
Glacier travel involves traversing (often as a rope team), skiing, or even ice climbing on a glacier using various pieces of special equipment, such as crampons, climbing ropes, climbing harness, helmets and ice axes. Falling into a crevasse is a hazard on many glaciers and may require a specialised crevasse rescue.

Glaciers are found on every continent except for Australia. They need a specific climate: generally a lot of snowfall during the winter and relatively cool temperatures during the summer. The activity of "glacier hiking" is a tourist attraction in some countries, but it requires special knowledge of the constantly-changing environments on glaciers to avoid life-threathening hazards such as crevasses and seracs.

Crossing glaciers—often in pitch-black darkness with headtorches before sunrise—to get to the start of a climbing route is a typical feature of alpine climbing.

Climbing harness
A climbing harness is a piece of equipment that allows a climber to tie in to the safety of a rope.  It is used in rock and ice climbing, abseiling, and lowering; this is in contrast to other activities requiring ropes for access or safety such as industrial rope work (such as window cleaning), construction, and rescue and recovery, which use safety harnesses instead.
Nova et Vetera
Nova et Vetera is a Thomistic theological journal that focuses on contemporary issues facing the Catholic Church. Published in the Swiss region of Romandy, the main language of the journal is French.  It is also published in a distinct English edition founded by Matthew Levering in 2003. Its current co-editors are Levering, a professor at Mundelein Seminary, and Fr Thomas Joseph White of the Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas. The English edition is currently published by the St. Paul Center for Biblical Theology.

University of Saint Mary of the Lake
The University of Saint Mary of the Lake (USML) is a private Catholic seminary in Mundelein, Illinois. It is the principal seminary and school of theology for the formation of priests in the Archdiocese of Chicago in Illinois. USML was chartered by the Illinois General Assembly in 1844. USML is often referred to by the name of its graduate program, Mundelein Seminary.  Its compound name is University of Saint Mary of the Lake/Mundelein Seminary.

In addition to Mundelein Seminary, USML offers the School of Parish Leadership & Evangelization (SPLE) and the Pontifical Faculty of Theology. USML is the sponsor of Chicago Studies, an academic journal for priests and others in parish ministry.

The USML sports teams are known as the Lakers.
David Whitaker (screenwriter)
David Arthur Whitaker (18 April 1928 – 4 February 1980) was an English television writer and novelist who worked on the early years of the science-fiction TV series Doctor Who. He served as the programme's first story editor, supervising the writing of its first 51 episodes from 1963 to 1964.

Lists of books based on Doctor Who
Lists of books based on Doctor Who cover different types of book in the Doctor Who media franchise.
These include novels, audiobooks, and short story anthologies. The lists are organized by publisher and imprint.
Kalapahar
Kālā Pahaṛ (Bengali: কালাপাহাড়; died 12 July 1576), also known as Kalapahada was a Bengali Muslim General of the Bengal Sultanate under the reigning Karrani Dynasty.

According to traditional narratives pieced together since late 18th century, Kalapahaṛ was a Bengali Brahmin from either Bhurisrestha or Barendra who was military commander of the Sultanate & fell in love with the Sultan Sulaiman Khan Karrani's daughter, which led him to convert to Islam in order to win her hand (or being excommunicated by the Brahmin pandits, who denied him prayaschitta) and solidified his position within the ruling Muslim elite of Bengal; this conversion is often associated with his change in name from Kalachand Ray/Rajibalochana Bhaduri to "Mohammad Farmuli."

Prāyaścitta
Prāyaścitta (Sanskrit: प्रायश्चित्त) is the Sanskrit word which means "atonement, penance, expiation". In Hinduism, it is a dharma-related term and refers to voluntarily accepting one's errors and misdeeds, confession, repentance, means of penance and expiation to undo or reduce the karmic consequences. It includes atonement for intentional and unintentional misdeeds. The ancient Hindu literature on repentance, expiation and atonement is extensive, with earliest mentions found in the Vedic literature. Illustrative means to repent for intentional and unintentional misdeeds include admitting one's misdeeds, austerities, fasting, pilgrimage and bathing in sacred waters, ascetic lifestyle, yajna (fire sacrifice, homa), praying, yoga, giving gifts to the poor and needy, and others.

Those texts that discuss Prāyaścitta, states Robert Lingat, debate the intent and thought behind the improper act, and consider penance appropriate when the "effect" had to be balanced, but "cause" was unclear.
Margadarshi
Margadarshi (pronunciationⓘ transl. Guide) is a 1969 Indian Kannada-language film directed by M. R. Vittal and produced by Srikanth Patel and Srikanth Nahatha. The film stars Rajkumar, Chandrakala, T. N. Balakrishna and Narasimharaju and M. Ranga Rao composed the music. It is based on a novel of the same name by T. R. Subba Rao. This was the first Kannada movie to be shot in Abhiman Studio. The song Kannillaveno Nija Kanadeno had Rajkumar lip syncing to Manna Dey's voice for the only time in his career.

M. Ranga Rao
M. Ranga Rao (26 April 1932 – 3 August 1990) was a prominent Indian composer who predominantly worked in Kannada cinema. Rao was known for his mellifluous scores and lilting tunes backed with strong classical nuances. Rao composed tunes for approximately 100 films in Kannada cinema.
Buenos Aires Nights
Buenos Aires Nights (Spanish:Noches de Buenos Aires) is a 1935 Argentine romantic musical film directed and written by Manuel Romero with Luis Bayón Herrera. It is a tango film from the Golden Age of Argentine cinema and was edited by Francisco Múgica The film's sets were designed by the art director Ricardo J. Conord.

Luis Bayón Herrera
Luis Bayón Herrera (23 September 1889 – 30 March 1956) was a Spanish film director and screenwriter who worked in Argentine film of the 1940s and 1950s. He was "one of the most important directors of the Golden Age of Argentine cinema".

Herrera was born in Bilbao, Spain. He directed some 40 different Argentine feature films and in the last few years of his career in the early 1950s he worked on Cuban production with films such as A La Habana me voy in 1951.

He died in Buenos Aires in 1956, aged 66.
Van Schuppen
Van Schuppen is a Dutch and Flemish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anne van Schuppen (born 1960), Dutch former long-distance runner

Boris van Schuppen (born 2001), Dutch footballer

Jacob van Schuppen (1670–1751), Baroque painter

Jan H. van Schuppen (born 1947), Dutch mathematician and an academic researcher

Pieter van Schuppen (1627–1702), Flemish painter and engraver and father of Jacob van Schuppen

Jan H. van Schuppen
Jan Hendrik van Schuppen (born 6 October 1947) is a Dutch mathematician and Professor at the Department of Mathematics of the Vrije Universiteit,  known for his contributions in the field of systems theory, particularly on control theory and system identification, on probability, and on a number of related practical applications.
George T. Alexander
Staff Sergeant George T. Alexander Jr. (August 5, 1971 – October 22, 2005) was the 2,000th American soldier killed in combat in Iraq since the beginning of the 2003 Invasion of Iraq, according to the Associated Press. He was serving as a crewman on a M2 Bradley combat vehicle when he was mortally wounded.

Alexander, an African-American, died October 22, 2005, at the Brooke Army Medical Center in San Antonio, Texas after being treated for injuries sustained five days earlier, when an improvised explosive device detonated near his M2 Bradley in the city of Samarra.

A 1989 graduate of Chilton County High School, Alexander spent two years working as a construction labourer before joining the military as Desert Storm began.  At the time of his death, he was serving his third tour of duty in Iraq, assigned to the 1st Battalion, 15th Infantry Regiment, 3rd Brigade, 3rd Infantry Division, of Fort Benning, Georgia.

Tour of duty
For military personnel, a tour of duty is usually a period of time spent in combat or in a hostile environment. In an army, for instance, soldiers on active duty serve 24 hours a day, seven days a week for the length of their service commitment. Soldiers in World War II were deployed for the entire war and could be in active service for 4–5 years.
Pogorelov
Pogorelov (Russian: Погорелов) is a Russian surname. The feminine gender is Pogorelova. Notable people with the surname include:

Aleksandr Pogorelov (athlete) (born 1980), Russian decathlete

Aleksei Pogorelov (1919–2002), Soviet mathematician

Aleksey Pogorelov (born 1983), Kyrgyz hurdler

Elena Pogorelova (born 1969), Russian tennis player

Serguei Pogorelov (born 1974), Russian team handball player

Aleksei Pogorelov
Aleksei Vasilyevich Pogorelov (Russian: Алексе́й Васи́льевич Погоре́лов, Ukrainian: Олексі́й Васи́льович Погорє́лов; 3 March 1919 – 17 December 2002), was a Soviet mathematician. Specialist in the field of convex and differential geometry, geometric PDEs and elastic shells theory, the author of novel school textbooks on geometry and university textbooks on analytical geometry, on differential geometry, and on the foundations of geometry.

Pogorelov's uniqueness theorem and the Alexandrov–Pogorelov theorem are named after him.
Christopher Zara
Christopher Zara (born November 3, 1970, in Trenton, New Jersey) is an American writer.  He is the author of Tortured Artists: From Picasso and Monroe to Warhol and Winehouse, The Twisted Secrets of the World's Creative Minds. Zara covers media, technology, and culture for Fast Company magazine in New York City. He was previously employed at International Business Times, Newsweek, and as managing editor of Show Business,  and has written for Vice News, Condé Nast Traveler, and Emmy Magazine. The Los Angeles Times described Tortured Artists as "the funniest book to come out of New York in 2012."  The Miami Herald called it "madly clever and cleverly mad."  Critic and psychiatrist Jacob Appel heaped praise on the volume in a 2012 review, describing the book as "a surprisingly sophisticated and oddly brilliant work—part popular science and part cultural criticism—that blends comic observation and trenchant insight into a literary treasure as difficult to put down as it is to classify."

Show Business (magazine)
Show Business is a performing arts magazine. Its mission is to help guide aspiring actors toward a successful career in the performing arts. Show Business content includes casting calls and audition notices as well as theater-related news and information. In addition, the print publication and website publishes contact information for talent agents, managers, and casting directors.