hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dračevica (župa)
Dračevica was a župa in medieval Serbia, and later on in medieval Bosnia when the medieval Bosnian state conquered the area in 1377 from Đurađ I Balšić, who previously took it from Nikola Altomanović in 1373. Its later center was in Novi, a town built by Tvrtko I of Bosnia. Its location is in the mountainous areas to the northwest of Boka Kotorska and the town of Herceg Novi, in modern day Montenegro. It corresponds to the Sutorina region.

Nikola Altomanović
Nikola Altomanović (Serbian Cyrillic: Никола Алтомановић; died after 1395) was a 14th-century Serbian župan of the House of Vojinović. He ruled the areas from Rudnik, over Polimlje, Podrinje, east Herzegovina with Trebinje, reaching as far as  Konavle and Dračevica, neighboring the Republic of Dubrovnik. He was defeated and blinded in Užice (fortress Užice) in 1373 by a coalition of his Serbian and Bosnian royals neighbors supported by the king of Hungary.
Robert Brewer Young
Robert Brewer Young (born 1967) is a contemporary cello, viola and violin maker. He received traditional French training in the violinmaking studios above Carnegie Hall, caring for and listening to the instruments of Stradivari, Guarneri, Amati, Gofriller, Guadagnini and other classical Italian luthiers. Young is now devoted to creating signature instruments in the spirit of these visionaries.  As a part of a select group of makers, museum specialists and acousticians he is at the forefront of using 21st-century science to practice and advance 17th-century methods of violinmaking.  He additionally uses traditional techniques and Renaissance geometrical methods to recreate the elemental harmonic properties of classical Italian instruments. He is a director at J&A Beare and the head of the Department of Scientific Research and Conservation.

Young has studios in London and Cremona.

Giovanni Battista Guadagnini
Giovanni Battista Guadagnini (often shortened to G. B. Guadagnini; 23 June 1711 – 18 September 1786) was an Italian luthier, regarded as one of the finest craftsmen of string instruments in history. The Guadagnini family was known for their violins, guitars and mandolins.
Fludroxycortide
Fludroxycortide (INN, BAN, JAN), also known as flurandrenolide (USAN) and flurandrenolone, is a synthetic topical corticosteroid and is used as an anti-inflammatory treatment for use on skin irritations. Trade names include Haelan (Typharm, UK) and Cordran (by Watson Pharmaceuticals, US).

Fludroxycortide is available in ointment, cream and as an impregnated tape (Haelan tape, Cordran tape). Licensed indications in the United Kingdom include recalcitrant dermatoses.

Anti-inflammatory
Anti-inflammatory refers to any drug, substance or mechanism that reduces inflammation by lessening the redness, swelling, fever, or pain and loss of function which are part of bodies inflammatory response. Anti-inflammatory drugs are agents that inhibit action or production of inflammatory mediators such as cytokines, histamines and prostaglandins. These drugs reduce pain by inhibiting mechanisms of inflammation, as opposed to opioids, which affect the central nervous system to block pain.

Common anti-inflammatory drugs include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, antileukotrienes, and monoclonal antibodies.
Here Comes Trouble (Scatterbrain album)
Here Comes Trouble is the first album by American funk metal band Scatterbrain, released in 1990. It spent 16 weeks on Billboard's album charts, peaking at number 138.

The album contains a cover version of Cheech and Chong's "Earache My Eye". The single "Don't Call Me Dude" makes reference to vaudeville routine "Slowly I Turned" and comedian Bill Saluga's "Johnson" character; the intro is a parody of Dion's "Runaround Sue". The follow-up single "Down with the Ship (Slight Return)" features snippets from a number of classic rock and heavy metal songs, as detailed below.

Bill Saluga
William Saluga (September 16, 1937 – March 28, 2023) was an American comedian and founding member of the improvisational comedy troupe Ace Trucking Company. He appeared on several television programs, including Seinfeld.
Vilsegg Castle
Vilsegg Castle (German: Burg Vilsegg) is a former fortification in the Austrian state of Tyrol that stands about a kilometre northwest of the little town of Vils, between Pfronten and Füssen, a few hundred metres away from the Austro-German border.

Vils, Tyrol
Vils is a town in the district of Reutte in the Austrian state of Tyrol.  It has a long, rich history of ten or more generations of excellent luthiers. Most prominent among those of the Rief (or Ruef) family is Dominicus Rief. Examples of his work are in the museum there.
Crataegus columbiana
The name Crataegus columbiana is a source of considerable confusion. The species named by Thomas J.  Howell is now considered to be the same as C. douglasii, named earlier, and the earlier name should be used instead. However, some varieties of C. columbiana have also been named that are not related to C. douglasii. C. columbiana has been used by some authors for Crataegus piperi Britton, which is now known as C. chrysocarpa var. piperi.

For C. columbiana var. chrysocarpa (Ashe) Dorn see C. chrysocarpa Ashe.

For C. columbiana var. piperi (Britton) Eggl. see C. chrysocarpa var. piperi (Britton) Kruschke.

For C. columbiana var. occidentalis (Britton) Dorn see C. succulenta Schrad. ex. Link (including C. macracantha var. occidentalis (Britton) Eggl.).

Johann Heinrich Friedrich Link
Johann Heinrich Friedrich Link (2 February 1767 – 1 January 1851) was a German naturalist and botanist. The standard author abbreviation Link is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.
Q-ball
In theoretical physics, Q-ball is a type of non-topological soliton. A soliton is a localized field configuration that is stable—it cannot spread out and dissipate. In the case of a non-topological soliton, the stability is guaranteed by a conserved charge: the soliton has lower energy per unit charge than any other configuration (in physics, charge is often represented by the letter "Q", and the soliton is spherically symmetric, hence the name).

Alexander Kusenko
Alexander Kusenko is a theoretical physicist, astrophysicist, and cosmologist who is currently a Professor of Physics and Astronomy at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA).  In addition, Kusenko holds an appointment of Senior Scientist at the Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (IPMU) since February 2008.  He has served as a general member of the board of Aspen Center for Physics 2004-2019.  Kusenko was awarded the status of Fellow of the American Physical Society in 2008 for original and seminal contributions to particle physics, astrophysics, and cosmology. In 2021, Kusenko was awarded a Simons Fellowship in Theoretical Physics. In 2021, he entered a $10,000 wager with Derek Muller over the possibility of sailing straight downwind faster than the wind, which he later conceded.
Christos Dimopoulos
Christos Dimopoulos (Greek: Χρήστος Δημόπουλος, born 6 September 1959) is a retired Greek footballer who played as a forward for PAOK and Panathinaikos F.C. His nickname was "Fonias" (Φονιάς, meaning Killer) of Greek football. Alongside his brothers, Thanasis Dimopoulos and Spyros, he holds the world record for the highest number of siblings scoring on the same day on 2 February 1992 in the Greek first division.

1991–92 Alpha Ethniki
The 1991–92 Alpha Ethniki was the 56th season of the highest football league of Greece. The season began on 1 September 1991 and ended on 7 June 1992. AEK Athens won their ninth Greek title and their first one in three years.

The point system was: Win: 2 points - Draw: 1 point.
Wisecrack (company)
Wisecrack, Inc. was an American production company operated by Jacob Salamon, Jared Bauer, Greg Edwards, Drew Levin, and Todd Mendeloff. The company was founded in 2014 and produced various web series and podcasts such as Thug Notes, Earthling Cinema, and 8-Bit Philosophy. The group focused on an analysis of anime, film, literature, and video games drawing out philosophy, sociology, psychology and other meanings that can be interpreted from media. Wisecrack was purchased by Blue Ant Media in August 2019. On April 16, 2025, Wisecrack announced that it was shutting down and no new videos would be produced.

Blue Ant Media
Blue Ant Media Corporation is a Canadian multinational media company founded in 2011 by former Alliance Atlantis executive Michael MacMillan. Headquartered in Toronto, it has offices in Los Angeles, New York, Miami, Sydney, Halifax, and Ottawa.

The company has interests in domestic and international television production, broadcasting (including multiple Canadian specialty channels), streaming, and publishing, with most of its properties being focused primarily on factual content.

Blue Ant Media has expanded primarily via acquisitions, with its earliest investments including Glassbox Television and High Fidelity HDTV. In 2025, it acquired Boat Rocker Media (excluding the Boat Rocker divisions) and went public as part of a reverse takeover.
See Me After Class
See Me After Class (Japanese: 朝まで授業chu!, Hepburn: Asa Made Jugyō Chu!) is a Japanese manga series written by Akiyoshi Ohta and illustrated by Munyū. It is serialized in Media Factory's Monthly Comic Alive from 2008 to 2015, and was released in four bound volumes. The story focuses on Yuuki Kagami, a male student who is accidentally assigned a room in the girls' dormitory by his homeroom teacher Ayana Kakinozaka. In order to avoid getting expelled, he must cross-dress when in the girls' dormitory.

Digital Manga has licensed the manga in English, and published three tankōbon volumes in North America. Sharp Point Press has also licensed See Me After Class in five other countries. The series was adapted into an original video animation (OVA) by animation studio GoHands, and came bundled in a special edition of the third volume. The series has received mixed reviews from a variety of anime and manga critics.

Suzuko Mimori
Suzuko Mimori (三森すずこ, Mimori Suzuko; born June 28, 1986) is a Japanese actress and singer. She is represented by HiBiKi Cast. She voiced Umi Sonoda in Love Live!, Hikari Kagura in Revue Starlight, Anju Shiratori/Hakuccho in Kiratto Pri☆Chan, and Asumi Fuurin/Cure Earth in Healin' Good Pretty Cure.
Leo Twiggs
Leo Franklin Twiggs (born 1934) is an American painter and educator. He developed the Fine Art Department at South Carolina State University, where he taught from 1973 until 1998. He has presented over fifty solo exhibitions during his career.

South Carolina State University
South Carolina State University (SCSU or SC State) is a public, historically black, land-grant university in Orangeburg, South Carolina. It is the only public, historically black land-grant research university in South Carolina, is a member of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund, and is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS).
Abbey of San Galgano
The Abbey of Saint Galgano was a Cistercian Monastery founded in the valley of the river Merse between the towns of Chiusdino and Monticiano, in the province of Siena, region of Tuscany, Italy. Presently, the roofless walls of the Gothic style 13th-century Abbey church still stand.

Nearby are the chapel or Eremo or  Rotonda di Montesiepi (1185), the tomb of Saint Galgano and the purported site of his death in 1181, a sword said to have been driven into a stone by Galgano, and a chapel with frescoes by Ambrogio Lorenzetti.

Ambrogio Lorenzetti
Ambrogio Lorenzetti (Italian pronunciation: [amˈbrɔːdʒo lorenˈtsetti]; c. 1290 – after 9 August 1348) was an Italian painter of the Sienese school. He was active from approximately 1317 to 1348. He painted The Allegory of Good and Bad Government in the Sala dei Nove (Salon of Nine or Council Room) in Siena's Palazzo Pubblico. His elder brother was the painter Pietro Lorenzetti.
Oliver Martini
Oliver Martini (born 12 December 1971, in Bologna) is an Italian racing driver. He has competed in such series as International Formula 3000, Euroseries 3000 and the EFDA Nations Cup. He won the Italian Formula Three Championship in 1997 for RC Motorsport.

Martini's older brother, Pierluigi, was also a racing driver who competed in Formula One between 1984 and 1995 and won the 1999 24 Hours of Le Mans. Their uncle, Giancarlo, was also a racing driver.

International Formula 3000
The Formula 3000 International Championship was a motor racing series created by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) in 1985 to become the final preparatory step for drivers hoping to enter Formula One. Formula Two had become too expensive, and was dominated by works-run cars with factory engines; the hope was that Formula 3000 would offer quicker, cheaper, more open racing. The series began as an open specification, then tyres were standardized from 1986 onwards, followed by engines and chassis in 1996. The series ran annually until 2004, and was replaced in 2005 by the GP2 Series.

The series was staged as the Formula 3000 European Championship in 1985, as the Formula 3000 Intercontinental Championship in 1986 and 1987 and then as the Formula 3000 International Championship from 1988 to 2004.
Mustafa Arif Deymer
Mustafa Arif Deymer (1874–1954) was a Turkish politician who served both the Ottoman government and the Turkish Republic. He served as the Ottoman interior minister from 1918 to 1919 and as minister of education in 1921. During the Turkish Republican era, he became governor of Kırklareli Province. He is also noted for providing important testimony in the aftermath of the Armenian genocide.

Governor of Kırklareli
The governor of Kırklareli (Turkish: Kırklareli Valiliği) is the civil service official responsible for both national government and state affairs in the Province of Kırklareli. Similar to the governorsof the 80 other provinces of Turkey, the governor of Kırklareli is appointed by the government of Turkey and is responsible for the implementation of government legislation within Kırklareli. The governor is also the most senior commander of both the Kırklareli provincial police force and the Kırklareli Gendarmerie.
Sabirul Islam
Sabirul Islam (Bengali: সাবিরুল ইসলাম; born 12 July 1990) is a British entrepreneur, author and motivational speaker. He has written three self-help books. His Teen-Trepreneur board game sold to over 550 schools in the United Kingdom and in 14 countries worldwide. Since 2011, he has spoken at 867 events worldwide as part of his Inspire1Million campaign.

Motivational speaker
A motivational speaker (or inspirational speaker) is a speaker who makes speeches intended to motivate or inspire an audience. Such speakers may attempt to  challenge or transform their audiences. The speech itself is popularly known as a pep talk.

Motivational speakers can deliver speeches at schools, colleges, places of worship, companies, corporations, government agencies, conferences, trade shows, summits, community organizations, and similar environments.
Deirdre (given name)
Deirdre is a feminine given name of Celtic origin and of unknown meaning. Deirdre is the name of a tragic heroine of Irish mythology. More attention was drawn to the name during the early 20th Century in Ireland and throughout the Anglosphere after W. B. Yeats published his poem Deirdre in 1907 and playwright J.M. Synge published his play Deirdre of the Sorrows  in 1910. There are a number of spelling variants and pronunciations of the name in use.

Deirdre
Deirdre (/ˈdɪərdrə, -dri/ DEER-drə, -⁠dree, Irish: [ˈdʲɛɾˠdʲɾʲə]; Old Irish: Derdriu [ˈd̠ʲerʲd̠ʲɾʲu]) is a tragic heroine in the Ulster Cycle of Irish mythology.  She is also known by the epithet "Deirdre of the Sorrows" (Irish: Deirdre an Bhróin).

Deirdre is a prominent figure in Irish legend.  American scholar James MacKillop assessed in 2004 that she was its best-known figure in modern times.
Betsy Lewin
Betsy Reilly Lewin (born May 12, 1937) is an American illustrator from Clearfield, Pennsylvania. She studied illustration at Pratt Institute. After graduation, she began designing greeting cards. She began writing and illustrating stories for children's magazines and eventually children's books. She is married to children's book illustrator Ted Lewin and with him has co-written and illustrated several books about their travels to remote places, including Uganda in Gorilla Walk and Mongolia in Horse Song, as well as How to Babysit a Leopard: and Other True Stories from Our Travels Across Six Continents (Roaring Brook Press, 2015). She is arguably best known for the Caldecott Honor Book Click Clack Moo: Cows that Type.

Scholastic Corporation
Scholastic Corporation is an American multinational publishing, education, and media company that publishes and distributes books, comics, and educational materials for schools, teachers, parents, children, and other educational institutions. Products are distributed via retail and online sales and through schools via reading clubs and book fairs. Clifford the Big Red Dog, a character created by Norman Bridwell in 1963, is the mascot of Scholastic.
Stanislov (Hasidic dynasty)
The Stanislav hasidic dynasty was established in western Ukraine in a town now known as Ivano-Frankivsk. The town used to be called Stanisławów and is still known in Yiddish as Stanislav.

The dynasty's founders were the descendants of Rabbi Chanoch Henoch Dov Mayer, first Rebbe of Alesk, son-in-law of Rabbi Sholom Rokeach of Belz.

Arriving in London after surviving the Holocaust, Rabbi Meshulem Yisosschor Ashkenazi, born in 1905, became known as the Stanislav-Alesker Rebbe. He was a descendant of the Chacham Zvi.

After his death on 6 November 1994, his son, Rabbi Uri Ashkenazi, became the Stanislaver Rebbe of London. He was a well-known mohel and had a Beth midrash in Stamford Hill at 93 Lordship Park, London. He died on 26 March 2020 of coronavirus at the age of 76.

Tzvi Ashkenazi
Tzvi Hirsch ben Yaakov Ashkenazi (Hebrew: צבי אשכנזי‎; 1656 – 2 May 1718), known as the Hakham Tzvi after his responsa by the same title, served for some time as rabbi of Amsterdam. He was a resolute opponent of the followers of the self-proclaimed messiah, Sabbatai Zevi. He had a chequered career due to his independence of character. He visited many lands, including England, where he wielded much influence. His responsa are held in high esteem.
Definition
A definition is a semantic statement of the meaning of a term (a word, phrase, or other set of symbols). Definitions can be classified into two large categories: intensional definitions (which try to give the sense of a term), and extensional definitions (which try to list the objects that a term describes). Another important category of definitions is the class of ostensive definitions, which convey the meaning of a term by pointing out examples. A term may have many different senses and multiple meanings, and thus require multiple definitions.

In mathematics, a definition is used to give a precise meaning to a new term, by describing a condition which unambiguously qualifies what the mathematical term is and is not. Definitions and axioms form the basis on which all of modern mathematics is to be constructed.

Rhombus
In geometry, a rhombus (pl.: rhombi or rhombuses) is an equilateral quadrilateral, a quadrilateral whose four sides all have the same length. Other names for rhombus include diamond, lozenge, and calisson.

Every rhombus is a simple polygon (having no self-intersections). A rhombus is a special case of a parallelogram and a kite. A rhombus with right angles is a square. A non-square rhombus has two opposite acute angles and two opposite obtuse angles.
Islwyn Morris
Islwyn Morris (7th May 1920 – 26 April 2011) was a Welsh-speaking actor and director, best known for his roles in Welsh-language television, such as those of David Tushingham in Pobol y Cwm and Idris Vaughan in Glas y Dorlan.

Pobol y Cwm
Pobol y Cwm (People of the Valley; Welsh pronunciation: [ˈpɔbɔl ə ˈkʊm]) is a Welsh-language soap opera produced by the BBC since October 1974. The longest-running television soap opera produced by the BBC, Pobol y Cwm was originally transmitted on BBC Cymru (now BBC One Wales) and later transferred to the Welsh-language station S4C when it opened in November 1982.

The programme typically centres around the residents of Cwmderi – a fictional, Welsh speaking, agricultural community. Its original working title was Pentrefelin.

Apart from rugby and football specials, Pobol y Cwm is consistently one of the most watched programmes of the week on S4C. On 25 September 2019, the soap hit a significant broadcasting landmark when it aired its 8,000th episode. On 16 October 2024, the show celebrated its 50th anniversary with an extended-length episode. In addition, the set was opened to the public with tours available around the studios and the main high street.
1,2-Dimethylcyclopropane
1,2-Dimethylcyclopropane is a cycloalkane consisting of a cyclopropane ring substituted with two methyl groups attached to adjacent carbon atoms.  It has three stereoisomers, one cis-isomer and a pair of trans-enantiomers, which differ depending on the orientation of the two methyl groups. As with other cyclopropanes, ring tension results in a relatively unstable compound.

1,2-Dimethylcyclopropane is 1 of 10 structural isomers (cycloalkanes and aliphatic alkenes) which share the general formula of C5H10, the others being cyclopentane, methylcyclobutane, 1,1-dimethylcyclopropane, ethylcyclopropane, 1-pentene, 2-pentene, 2-methyl-1-butene, 3-methyl-1-butene, and 2-methyl-2-butene.

Aliphatic compound
In organic chemistry, hydrocarbons (compounds composed solely of carbon and hydrogen) are divided into two classes: aromatic compounds and aliphatic compounds (/ˌælɪˈfætɪk/; G. aleiphar, fat, oil). Aliphatic compounds can be saturated (in which all the C-C bonds are single, requiring the structure to be completed, or 'saturated', by hydrogen) like hexane, or unsaturated, like hexene and hexyne. Open-chain compounds, whether straight or branched, and which contain no rings of any type, are always aliphatic. Cyclic compounds can be aliphatic if they are not aromatic.
Eremogone cliftonii
Eremogone cliftoniii is a species of flowering plant in the family Caryophyllaceae known by the common name Clifton's eremogone. It is endemic to California, where it is known from 27 to 33 occurrences in Butte and Plumas Counties. It occurs in forests and chaparral habitat on weathered granite soils. Although limited in distribution it may be relatively abundant where it does occur. The plant was only described to science in 2007.

This is a perennial herb with small, threadlike, pointed leaves up to 6 centimeters long. The terminal inflorescence is a cluster of flowers with petals 1 to 2 centimeters long.

Butte County, California
Butte County (/ˈbjuːt/ ⓘ) is a county located in the northern central part of the U.S. state of California. In the 2020 census, its population was 211,632. The county seat is Oroville.

Butte County comprises the Chico, California, metropolitan statistical area. It is in the California Central Valley, north of the state capital of Sacramento.

Butte County is drained by the Feather River and the Sacramento River. Butte Creek and Big Chico Creek are additional perennial streams, both tributary to the Sacramento. The county is home to California State University, Chico and Butte College.
UkrFerry
UkrFerry Shipping Company (Ukrainian: СК Укрферрі) is a ferry operator at the Black Sea, with ferry services serving Ukraine, Bulgaria, Turkey, and Georgia. The company's fleet consists of four ship type RORO and ROPAX generally with 34,000 DWT.

Port of Varna
Port of Varna (Bulgarian: Пристанище Варна, Pristanishte Varna) (map) is the largest seaport complex in Bulgaria. Located on the Black Sea's west coast on Varna Bay, along Lake Varna and Lake Beloslav, it also comprises the outlying port of Balchik. It has a significant further development potential with 44 km (27 mi) of sheltered inland waterfront on the lakes alone, easily accessible by road and railroad and adjacent to Varna International Airport.