hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Magne Malmanger
Magne Malmanger (10 May 1932 – 12 December 2023) was a Norwegian art historian.

He was born in Bergen and took the mag.art. degree at the University of Oslo in 1958 with the thesis The Intention of Constable. He was also an art critic in Dagbladet from 1962 to 1968, and lecturer at the University of Oslo from 1967 to 1968 before being hired as an associate professor at the Norwegian Institute in Rome in 1968. In 1974 he was hired as head curator at the National Gallery of Norway. His doctoral thesis Norsk malerkunst. Fra klassisisme til tidlig realisme was published in 1981. From 1986 he held a professorship of art history at the University of Oslo, serving as managing director of the Norwegian Institute in Rome from 1990 to 1996. He was inducted into the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters in 1991.

John Constable
John Constable RA (/ˈkʌnstəbəl, ˈkɒn-/; 11 June 1776 – 31 March 1837) was an English landscape painter in the Romantic tradition. Born in Suffolk, he is known principally for revolutionising the genre of landscape painting with his pictures of Dedham Vale, the area on the borderland of Suffolk and north Essex surrounding his home – now known as "Constable Country" – which he invested with an intensity of affection. "I should paint my own places best", he wrote to his friend John Fisher in 1821, "painting is but another word for feeling".

Constable's most famous paintings include Wivenhoe Park (1816), Dedham Vale (1828) and The Hay Wain (1821). Although his paintings are now among the most popular and valuable in British art, he was never financially successful. He was elected to the Royal Academy of Arts at the age of 52. His work was embraced in France, where he sold more than in his native England and inspired the Barbizon school.
Black Sin
Black Sin (German: Schwarze Sünde, French: Noir péché) is a 1989 German-French short drama film directed by Danièle Huillet and Jean-Marie Straub. It was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1989 Cannes Film Festival.

The text presented in the film is the third Empedocles fragment by Friedrich Hölderlin. The two statues shown at the beginning are Mother Earth and The Avenger by Ernst Barlach. The music is the fourth movement of Ludwig van Beethoven's String Quartet No. 16 in F major Op. 135, the last work he was able to complete before his death. The fourth movement is entitled The difficult decision. The string quartet was recorded in London in 1935 by the Busch Quartet, who fled Nazi Germany to England in 1934.

1989 Cannes Film Festival
The 42nd Cannes Film Festival took place from 11 to 23 May 1989. West German filmmaker Wim Wenders served as jury president for the main competition.

American filmmaker Steven Soderbergh won the Palme d'Or, the festival's top prize, for his debut film Sex, Lies, and Videotape.

During the 1989 festival, the first Cinéma & liberté forum was held with the participation of a hundred famous directors from various countries. They discussed about the freedom of expression and signed a declaration protesting against all forms of censorship still existing in the world.

The festival opened with New York Stories, an anthology film by Woody Allen, Francis Ford Coppola, Martin Scorsese, and closed with Old Gringo by Luis Puenzo.
Dalian Hi-Think Computer
Dalian Hi-Think Computer Technology Corporation (Chinese: 大连华信计算机科技股份有限公司), often called DHC, is a provider of software development, industrial solutions and IT services headquartered in Dalian, Liaoning Province, China.  It was established in 1996 as an spin-out of Dalian Information Center and its capital amounts to 150,000,000 CNY. NEC, NTT Data, Hitachi Software Engineering, NEC Soft, NS Solutions, and Microsoft have invested in DHC.

Currently, employing around 6,000 people, DHC is one of the largest information technology outsourcing (ITO) and business process outsourcing (BPO) companies in Dalian (DHC, Hisoft, IBM, HP, Genpact and Accenture), the "Bangalore" of China or the "IT and Business Process Outsourcing Capital of China".

In March 2014, DHC moved its headquarters to DHC Software Park. In July 2015, DHC's stock was listed on Chinese OTC market as NEEQ: 832715.

National Equities Exchange and Quotations
The National Equities Exchange and Quotations (NEEQ) is a Chinese over-the-counter system for trading the shares of a public limited company (Chinese: 股份有限公司; lit. 'Company Limited by Shares') that is not listed on either the Shenzhen Stock Exchange or Shanghai Stock Exchange. The NEEQ exchange was also nicknamed the "New Third Board" (Chinese: 新三板) in China, as there were formerly two trading systems that the NEEQ replaced: STAQ and NET.

On September 3, 2021, Chinese leader Xi Jinping announced that NEEQ will be reformed and Beijing Stock Exchange will be set up. The new Beijing Stock Exchange will be a part of the NEEQ, based on the former NEEQ Select Board.
2021–22 Professional U23 Development League
The 2021–22 Professional U23 Development League was the tenth season of the Professional Development League system.

Nottingham Forest U23s and Birmingham City U23s both gained category one status. Manchester City U23s were the defending champions and successfully defend the title.
Leeds United U23s and Crystal Palace U23s were both promoted and Southampton U23s were relegated.

Crystal Palace F.C. Under-21s and Academy
The Crystal Palace F.C. Under-21s is the Under-21 Development team of Crystal Palace Football Club. They play in Premier League 2, the top level of reserve football in England and also compete in the Premier League Cup, Premier League International Cup and EFL Trophy.

The Crystal Palace F.C. Academy consists of the Under-18s and other youth teams of Crystal Palace Football Club. The Under-18 team compete in the U18 Premier League and FA Youth Cup. The academy has produced a number of well known international players over the years such as Johnny Byrne, Kenny Sansom, Peter Nicholas, Gareth Southgate and Wilfried Zaha.
Doc Maynard
David Swinson "Doc" Maynard (March 22, 1808 – March 13, 1873) was an American doctor and businessman. He was one of Seattle's primary founders. Maynard was Seattle's first doctor, merchant prince, second lawyer, Sub-Indian Agent, Justice of the Peace, and architect of the Point Elliott Treaty of 1855.

Doctor (title)
Doctor is an academic title that originates from the Latin word of the same spelling and meaning. The word is originally an agentive noun of the Latin verb docēre [dɔˈkeːrɛ] 'to teach'. It has been used as an academic title in Europe since the 13th century, when the first doctorates were awarded at the University of Bologna and the University of Paris.

Having become established in European universities, this usage spread around the world. Contracted "Dr" or "Dr.", it is used as a designation for a person who has obtained a doctorate (commonly a PhD). In past usage, the term could be applied to any learned person.  In many parts of the world today it is also used by medical practitioners, regardless of whether they hold a doctoral-level degree.
Tulipa cypria
Tulipa cypria, the Cyprus tulip, is a tulip, an erect perennial bulbous herb, 15–40 cm high (in blossom),  with glabrous, glaucous leaves. It has four leaves which are alternate, simple, entire and fleshy. The two lower leaves are larger, lanceolate, 10-20 x 2–6 cm, with conspicuously undulate margins while the two higher leaves are much smaller, nearly linear. One terminal showy flower, perianth cup shaped, of six free, petaloid segments, 2.5-9 x 1-3.5 cm, with dark blood-red colour, internally with a black blotch bordered by a yellow zone. It flowers March–April. The fruit is a capsule.

Glabrousness
Glabrousness (from Latin  glaber 'bald, hairless, shaved, smooth, etc.') is the technical term for a lack of hair, down, setae, trichomes, or other such covering. A glabrous surface may be a natural characteristic of all or part of a plant or animal, or be due to loss because of a physical condition, such as alopecia universalis in humans, which causes hair to fall out or not regrow.
Polygyny in India
Polygamy is outlawed in India, except for Muslims. While it was not prohibited in Ancient India and was common among aristocrats and emperors, it is believed that it was not a major cultural practice. The lack of prohibition was in part due to the separation between land laws and religion (independence of the judiciary), and partially since all of the major religions of India portrayed polygamy in a neutral light.

In contrast to Europe, polygamy prevailed in ancient India for rulers and kings. It was common for rulers (for example Bhupinder Singh of Patiala and Fateh Singh of Udaipur and Mewar). Some wealthy individuals (for example Ramkrishna Dalmia, Gajanan Birla and P. Rajagopal) had multiple wives.

The British colonial Empire of India permitted Islamic provinces to allow husbands to have multiple wives. When Maharaja Ranjit Singh was cremated in Lahore, four of his wives and seven concubines took to sati, and their urn-like memorials exist at his Samadhi.

P. Rajagopal (businessman)
Pitchai Rajagopal (5 August 1947 – 18 July 2019) was a convicted murderer and also the founder of the Saravana Bhavan chain of restaurants based in Chennai, India. Born in rural Tamil Nadu into a farming family, and with little education, Rajagopal built a global restaurant chain.

In later life, he was convicted for a 2001 murder, and began serving a life sentence in July 2019. Several days after his imprisonment, he had a heart attack and died.
2015 Siirt bombing
2015 Siirt bombing was a bombing targeting an armoured vehicle with personnels of Turkish Gendarmerie in it in Şirvan - Pervari road of Siirt Province on 19 August 2015, around 14:10 with a bomb that was placed on the road several hours before the detonation. 8 people died and 1 was injured as a result of the attack. No one has claimed responsibility, but Turkish government has blamed Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) for the attack.

Siirt Province
Siirt Province, (Turkish: Siirt ili, Kurdish: Parêzgeha Sêrtê; Armenian: Սղերդ զավառ) is a province of Turkey, located in the southeast. The province borders Bitlis to the north, Batman to the west, Mardin to the southwest, Şırnak to the south, and Van to the east. Its area is 5,717 km2, and its population is 331,311 (2022). Its capital is Siirt. It encompasses 12 municipalities, 280 villages and 214 hamlets.

The province is considered part of Turkish Kurdistan and has a Kurdish majority. The current Governor of the Siirt province is Kemal Kızılkaya.
Girl Don't Tell Me
"Girl Don't Tell Me" is a song written by Brian Wilson for the American rock band the Beach Boys, released on July 5, 1965 on the album Summer Days (And Summer Nights!!). It was later included as the B-side of the group's single "Barbara Ann," which was released on December 20, 1965.

Summer Days (And Summer Nights!!)
Summer Days (And Summer Nights!!) is the ninth studio album by the American rock band the Beach Boys, released on July 5, 1965, by Capitol Records. The band's previous album, The Beach Boys Today! (released March 1965), represented a departure for the group through its abandonment of themes related to surfing, cars, and teenage love, but it sold below Capitol's expectations. In response, the label pressured the group to produce bigger hits. Summer Days thus returned the band's music to simpler themes for one last album, with Brian Wilson combining Capitol's commercial demands with his artistic calling. It is the band's first album with Bruce Johnston.

Produced by Wilson, Summer Days reached number two on the US Billboard 200 and number four on the UK Albums Chart. Two singles were issued from the album: "Help Me, Rhonda", which became the group's second chart-topper in the US, and "California Girls", which peaked at number three.
Udayavani
Udayavani, launched in January 1970 by T. Mohandas Pai and T. Satish U Pai, is a Kannada daily published by Manipal Media Network Ltd. (MMNL). With editions from Manipal, Bengaluru, Mumbai, Hubballi, Davanagere, and Gulbarga, it reaches a combined circulation of over 300,000 copies. Known as the leading newspaper in coastal Karnataka, Udayavani also has a strong presence in Bengaluru and other regions, enjoying wide readership and brand recognition among readers and advertisers. MMNL, established in 1948, has grown from a small printer in Manipal to a key media player in Karnataka's print and digital spheres.

Hubli
Hubli, officially Hubballi, is a city in the Indian state of Karnataka. The twin cities Hubli–Dharwad form the second largest municipality and urban agglomeration of Karnataka in terms of area and population and the largest city in North Karnataka. Hubli is in Dharwad district of Karnataka and is the taluk headquarters of Hubli City and Hubli Rural. Although it hosts the Hubli-Dharwad Municipal Corporation, the district headquarters is in Dharwad.

It also houses the largest number of government offices outside the state capital. In 2016, Hubli-Dharwad was selected for solar city / green city master plans. In 2017, government of India included Hubli-Dharwad city for a smart city project, a flagship scheme for overall development of infrastructure in the twin-cities.
Sergey Grankin
Sergey Yuryevich Grankin (Russian: Сергей Юрьевич Гранкин; born 21 January 1985) is a Russian volleyball player, a former member of the Russian national team. 2012 Olympic Champion, two–time European Champion (2013, 2017), and a multiple World League medallist, at the professional club level, he currently plays for Sporting Portugal.

FIVB Volleyball World League
The FIVB Volleyball World League was an annual international men's volleyball competition. Created in 1990, it was the longest and richest of all the international events organized by the Fédération Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB). The women's version of the competition was called FIVB Volleyball World Grand Prix. This event should not be confused with the other international volleyball competitions, the World Championship, the World Cup and the World Grand Champions Cup.

From 2018, the World League and World Grand Prix was replaced by the men's and women's Nations League and men's and women's Challenger Cup.
Llyn Bodgylched
Llyn Bodgylched is a Site of Special Scientific Interest (or SSSI) in Anglesey, North Wales, to the west of Beaumaris. It has been designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest since January 1968 in an attempt to protect its fragile biological elements, mainly a swamp. The site has an area of 16.37 hectares and is managed by Natural Resources Wales.

Beaumaris
Beaumaris (/boʊˈmærɪs, bjuː-/; Welsh: Biwmares Welsh pronunciation: [bɪuˈmaːrɛs] ⓘ) is a town and community on the Isle of Anglesey in Wales, of which it is the former county town. It is located at the eastern entrance to the Menai Strait, the tidal waterway separating Anglesey from the coast of North Wales. At the 2021 census, its population was 1,121. The community includes Llanfaes.
Sharabha Upanishad
The Sharabha Upanishad (Sanskrit: शरभ उपनिषत्, IAST: Sharabha Upaniṣad) is a minor Upanishads of the Atharva Veda. In a Telugu language anthology of 108 Upanishads of the Muktika in the modern era, narrated by Rama to Hanuman, it is listed at serial number 50.  It is one of the 14 Shaiva Upanishads.

The Upanishad eulogizes Shiva as the lord of the world who incarnates as Sharabha – a human-lion-bird version.

The text is also called as the "Pippaladadharmasastra," as an exposition of the knowledge by Brahma to sage Pippalada. Its title is also spelled as Sarabha Upanishad or Sharabhopanishad.

Muktikā
Muktikā (Sanskrit: मुक्तिका) refers to the Sanskrit-language anthology of a canon of 108 Upaniṣhads. The date of composition of each is unknown, with the oldest probably from about 800 BCE. The Principal Upanishads were composed in the 1st millennium BCE, most Yoga Upanishads composed probably from the 100 BCE to 300 CE period, and seven of the Sannyasa Upanishads composed before the 3rd century CE.

The canon is part of a dialogue between Rama and Hanuman dealing with the inquiry into mukti in the Muktikā Upanishad (108 in the list). The other collections of Upanishads include Oupanekhat, a Persian language anthology of 50 Upanishads; the Colebrooke Collection of 52 Upanishads, and the 52 Upanishad Collection of Nārāyana.
Pluramycin A
Pluramycin A is an antibiotic/anticancer compound that inhibits nucleic acid biosynthesis.  The pluramycin family of natural products are an important group of complex C-aryl glycoside antibiotics that possess the tetracyclic 4H-anthra[1,2-b]pyran-4,7,12-trione moiety A–D as an aromatic core. The D-ring is adorned with two deoxyaminosugars that are appended by C-aryl glycosidic linkages. The E-ring sugar is angolosamine, a carbohydrate that is also found in the antibiotic angolamycin. The F-ring sugar is the N,N-dimethyl derivative of vancosamine, which is the sugar found in the glycopeptide antibiotic vancomycin.

These compounds exhibit in vitro antitumor activity by DNA alkylation, where the two proximal amino sugars, D-angolosamine and N,N-dimethyl-L-vancosamine, play a key role in sequence recognition in intercalation of the tetracyclic chromophore.

Glycopeptide antibiotic
Glycopeptide antibiotics are a class of drugs of microbial origin that are composed of glycosylated cyclic or polycyclic nonribosomal peptides.  Significant glycopeptide antibiotics include the anti-infective antibiotics vancomycin, teicoplanin, telavancin, ramoplanin, avoparcin and decaplanin, corbomycin, complestatin and the antitumor antibiotic bleomycin.  Vancomycin is used if infection with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is suspected.
Formiminoglutamic acid
Formiminoglutamic acid (FIGLU; conjugate base, formiminoglutamate) is an intermediate in the catabolism of L-histidine to L-glutamic acid. It thus is also a biomarker for intracellular levels of folate. The FIGLU test is used to identify vitamin B12 deficiency, folate deficiency, and liver failure or liver disease. It is elevated with folate trapping, where it is accompanied by decreased methylmalonic acid, increased folate and a decrease in homocysteine.

Glossary of biology
This glossary of biology terms is a list of definitions of fundamental terms and concepts used in biology, the study of life and of living organisms. It is intended as introductory material for novices; for more specific and technical definitions from sub-disciplines and related fields, see Glossary of cell biology, Glossary of genetics, Glossary of evolutionary biology, Glossary of ecology, Glossary of environmental science and Glossary of scientific naming, or any of the organism-specific glossaries in Category:Glossaries of biology.
Bathna Krittibas railway station
Bathna Krittibas railway station is a halt railway station of the Kolkata Suburban Railway system and operated by Eastern Railway. It is situated at Bathna Krittibas, Ghoralia, Shantipur on the Ranaghat–Shantipur line in Nadia district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

Eastern Railway zone
22°34′21.8″N 88°21′50.2″E﻿ / ﻿22.572722°N 88.363944°E﻿ / 22.572722; 88.363944

The Eastern Railway (abbreviated ER) is among the 19 zones of the Indian Railways. Its headquarters is at Fairley Place (Kolkata) and comprises four divisions: Howrah, Malda, Sealdah, and Asansol. Each division is headed by a Divisional Railway Manager (DRM). The name of the division denotes the name of the city where the divisional headquarters is located. Eastern Railway oversees the largest and second largest rail complexes in the country, Howrah Junction and Sealdah railway station, and also contains the highest number of A1 and A Category Stations like Howrah, Malda Town,
Sealdah, Asansol, Kolkata, Durgapur, Barddhaman, Jasidih, Madhupur, Rampurhat Junction, Bhagalpur, Jamalpur, Bandel and Naihati. Eastern Railways operates India's oldest train, Kalka Mail.
County of Vermilion River
The County of Vermilion River is a municipal district located in the eastern part of central Alberta, Canada in Census Division No. 10. The municipal district was formerly named the County of Vermilion River No. 24 prior to an official name change that became effective on September 13, 2006.

The administrative offices of the County of Vermilion River are located at Kitscoty. The Vermilion River flows through the County and is the namesake of the region.

The Yellowhead Highway and Buffalo Trail are major transportation routes in the County.  Several communities in the County such as Vermilion and Kitscoty are serviced by CN Rail.

Alberta Highway 41
Highway 41, officially named Buffalo Trail, is a 686-kilometre (426 mi) north-south highway in eastern Alberta, Canada. It extends from the United States border at Wild Horse to Highway 55 in the hamlet of La Corey north of Bonnyville. Highway 41, along with Highway 36 and the portion of Highway 881 north of Lac La Biche, is part of the Eastern Alberta Trade Corridor, an economic development corridor that links the oil sands with Texas and Mexico, and works in association with the North American Ports-to-Plains Alliance.
Cardigan Bay Special Area of Conservation
Cardigan Bay Special Area of Conservation (SAC) in Cardigan Bay, West Wales, UK, has been designated under European Union law to protect a variety of important species and habitats.

Located between Ceibwr Bay in Pembrokeshire and Aberarth in Ceredigion, and extending almost 20 km from the coast, the SAC protects the wildlife of some 1000 km² of sea.

West Wales
West Wales (Welsh: Gorllewin Cymru) is a region of Wales.

It has various definitions, either covering Pembrokeshire, Ceredigion and Carmarthenshire, which historically comprised the Welsh principality of Deheubarth, and an alternative definition is to include Swansea and Neath Port Talbot, but exclude Ceredigion. The West Wales and the Valleys NUTS area also includes more westerly parts of North Wales as well as the South Wales Valleys.

The preserved county of Dyfed covers what is generally considered to be West Wales; between 1974 and 1996, Dyfed was a county, with a county council and six district councils.
Shilin metro station
Shilin (Chinese: 士林; pinyin: Shìlín, formerly transliterated as Shihlin Station until 2003) is a metro station in Taipei, Taiwan served by Taipei Metro. It is a station on the Tamsui-Xinyi Line. The station was formerly a stop on the now-defunct TRA Tamsui Line.

Tamsui line
The Tamsui line or Damtsui line (Chinese: 淡水線; Hanyu Pinyin: Dànshuǐ xiàn; Tongyong Pinyin: Danshuei xian; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tām-chúi sòaⁿ) was a railroad branch line located in the cities of Taipei and New Taipei operated by the Taiwan Railways Administration (TRA). It connected the city of Taipei with the town of Tamsui. The route is currently served by the Tamsui–Xinyi line on the Taipei Metro.
Delete Forever
"Delete Forever" is a single recorded by Canadian musician Grimes. It was released on February 12, 2020, under the label 4AD as the fifth and final single off of her fifth studio album, Miss Anthropocene. The song is a folk and dance composition.

Miss Anthropocene
Miss Anthropocene is the fifth studio album by Canadian musician Grimes. It was released on February 21, 2020, through 4AD. It marked her first album in over four years, after the release of Art Angels in 2015. The album was officially announced on March 19, 2019. The name of the album is a pun on the feminine title "Miss", and the words "misanthrope" and "Anthropocene", a neologism popularised by Paul J. Crutzen in 2000 that was proposed to denote the current geological age the Earth is in. The album is a concept album about an "anthropomorphic goddess of climate change" inspired by Roman mythology and villainy. Miss Anthropocene is Grimes' final album on record label 4AD, to which she has been signed since 2012. The album is darker in style than Art Angels, containing inspiration from the sounds of industrial music.