hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lauren Williams (mathematician)
Lauren Kiyomi Williams (born c. 1978) is an American mathematician known for her work on cluster algebras, tropical geometry, algebraic combinatorics, amplituhedra, and the positive Grassmannian. She is Dwight Parker Robinson Professor of Mathematics at Harvard University.
She was awarded a MacArthur Fellowship in 2025.

Cluster algebra
Cluster algebras are a class of commutative rings introduced by Fomin and  Zelevinsky (2002, 2003, 2007).  A cluster algebra of rank n is an integral domain A, together with some subsets of size n called clusters whose union generates the algebra A and which satisfy various conditions.
Economic restructuring
Economic restructuring is used to indicate changes in the constituent parts of an economy in a very general sense. In the western world, it is usually used to refer to the phenomenon of urban areas shifting from a manufacturing to a service sector economic base. It has profound implications for productive capacities and competitiveness of cities and regions.  This transformation has affected demographics including income distribution, employment, and social hierarchy; institutional arrangements including the growth of the corporate complex, specialized producer services, capital mobility, informal economy, nonstandard work, and public outlays; as well as geographic spacing including the rise of world cities, spatial mismatch, and metropolitan growth differentials.

Income distribution
In economics, income distribution covers how a country's total GDP is distributed amongst its population. Economic theory and economic policy have long seen income and its distribution as a central concern. Unequal distribution of income causes economic inequality which is a concern in almost all countries around the world.
Graham Bailey (rugby union)
Graham Douglas Bailey (born 31 August 1936) is an Australian former international rugby union player.

Bailey was born in the New South Wales town of Molong and made his representative debut in 1956 playing for Central West in the Country Week carnival. By the season's end, the Armidale School-educated centre had made his way into the New South Wales side, starring with two tries in a win over Queensland at North Sydney Oval.

In 1957, Bailey gained selection to the Wallabies squad for the 1957–58 tour of Britain, Ireland and France, with Jim Phipps, Jack Potts and Saxon White the other centres picked. He was used regularly throughout the tour, making 17 uncapped appearances, but did not feature in any of the Test matches.

The Armidale School
The Armidale School (abbreviated as TAS) is an independent, Anglican, co-educational, Pre K–12 boarding school located in Armidale, New South Wales, Australia.

Founded in 1894 as the New England Proprietary School, TAS uses a non-selective enrolment policy. As of 2026, approximately 625 students were enrolled, including around 225 boarders from years 6 to 12. The school includes a preschool (ages 4 and above), a Junior School (Kindergarten to Year 5), offering the International Baccalaureate Primary Years Programme), a Middle School (Years 6–8), and a Senior School (Years 9–12).

The school is affiliated with the Association of Heads of Independent Schools of Australia (AHISA), the Junior School Heads Association of Australia, and the Australian Boarding Schools Association. It is also one of three Round Square schools in New South Wales.  It is also a member of the Athletic Association of the Great Public Schools of New South Wales (AAGPS).
Catabolite Control Protein A
Catabolite Control Protein A (CcpA) is a master regulator of carbon metabolism in gram-positive bacteria.  It is a member of the LacI/GalR transcription regulator family.  In contrast to most LacI/GalR proteins, CcpA is allosterically regulated principally by a protein-protein interaction, rather than a protein-small molecule interaction.  CcpA interacts with the phosphorylated form of Hpr and Crh, which is formed when high concentrations of glucose or fructose-1,6-bisphosphate are present in the cell.  Interaction of Hpr or Crh modulates the DNA sequence specificity of CcpA, allowing it to bind operator DNA to modulate transcription.  Small molecules glucose-6-phosphate and fructose-1,6-bisphosphate are also known allosteric effectors, fine-tuning CcpA function.

Glucose 6-phosphate
Glucose 6-phosphate (G6P, sometimes called the Robison ester) is a glucose sugar phosphorylated at the hydroxy group on carbon 6. This dianion is very common in cells as the majority of glucose entering a cell will become phosphorylated in this way.

Because of its prominent position in cellular chemistry, glucose 6-phosphate has many possible fates within the cell. It lies at the start of two major metabolic pathways: glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway.

In addition to these two metabolic pathways, glucose 6-phosphate may also be converted to glycogen or starch for storage. This storage is in the liver and muscles in the form of glycogen for most multicellular animals, and in intracellular starch or glycogen granules for most other organisms.
10th Connecticut Infantry Regiment
The 10th Connecticut Infantry Regiment was one of Connecticut's most successful civil war regiments, compiling an exemplary record of service in the Union Army. The 10th Regiment saw action in the coastal campaign during the early years of the war, which culminated with the siege of Charleston. The 10th went on to fight the trench battles of Richmond, earning praise from Union generals and Ulysses S. Grant. The 10th was active at the war's very end, when they blocked Robert E. Lee's attempt to escape from Virginia. And, the 10th was present at Appomattox Court House when Lee surrendered to Grant. All told, the 10th regiment fought in twenty three battles and at least as many  skirmishes.

Siege of Charleston
The siege of Charleston was a major engagement and major British victory in the American Revolutionary War, fought in the environs of Charles Town (today Charleston), between March 29 and May 12, 1780. The British, following the collapse of their northern strategy in late 1777 and their withdrawal from Philadelphia in 1778, shifted their focus to the North American Southern Colonies. After approximately six weeks of siege, Major General Benjamin Lincoln, commanding the Charleston garrison, surrendered his forces to the British. It was one of the worst American defeats of the war.
Iran at the 2025 Asian Winter Games
Iran competed at the 2025 Asian Winter Games in Harbin, China, from February 7 to 14. The Iranian team consisted of 14 athletes competing in three disciplines. During the opening ceremony, alpine skier Mohammad Kiadarbandsari and ski mountaineer Marzieh Baha were the country's flagbearers.

2025 Asian Winter Games
The 2025 Asian Winter Games (Chinese: 第九届亚洲冬季运动会; pinyin: Dì jiǔ jiè yàzhōu dōngjì yùndònghuì), officially known as the 9th Asian Winter Games, and commonly known as Harbin 2025 (哈尔滨2025), were the ninth edition of the Asian Winter Games, a multi-sport event held between 7 and 14 February 2025 in Harbin, Heilongjiang, China. This was the second time that Harbin has hosted the event and the third time China had hosted the Asian Winter Games.
Bill Groce
Billy Thomas Groce (April 16, 1936 – March 15, 2012) was an American football player and coach. He was a three-time letter winner at the University of North Texas–then known as North Texas State College–from 1957 to 1959. He was drafted by the Pittsburgh Steelers in the 1958 NFL draft. Groce served as the head football coach at the University of Arkansas–Monticello from 1970 to 1974, compiling a record of 11–39.

He died in 2012 at the age of 75.

University of Arkansas at Monticello
The University of Arkansas at Monticello (UAM) is a public university in Monticello, Arkansas, United States, with Colleges of Technology in Crossett and McGehee. UAM is part of the University of Arkansas System and offers master's degrees, baccalaureate degrees, and associate degrees. The city is in the Arkansas Timberlands, and UAM is home to the state's only School of Forest Resources.

The university is governed by the University of Arkansas Board of Trustees, which also oversees the operation of universities and other post-secondary educational institutions in Batesville, DeQueen, Fayetteville, Fort Smith, Helena, Hope, Little Rock, Morrilton, and Pine Bluff, Arkansas.

UAM offers in-state tuition rates not only to Arkansas residents but also to regional residents of Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Oklahoma, Missouri, and Tennessee.
Presbyterian Church Cemetery, Morristown
The First Presbyterian Church Cemetery is a historic churchyard cemetery of the First Presbyterian Church in Morristown, New Jersey, United States. The cemetery was added to the National Register of Historic Places, listed as a contributing property to the Morristown District, on October 30, 1973.

Churchyard
In Christian countries, a churchyard is a patch of land adjoining or surrounding a church, which is usually owned by the relevant church or local parish itself. In the Scots language and in both Scottish English and Ulster Scots, this can also be known as a kirkyard.

While churchyards can be any patch of land on church grounds, historically, they were often used as graveyards (burial places).
Yizhousaurus
Yizhousaurus (meaning "Yizhou lizard", after the Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Region) is a genus of basal sauropodiform dinosaurs which existed in what is now Lufeng Formation, Yunnan Province of southern China during the lower Jurassic period. Identified from a nearly complete and exquisitely preserved skeleton, it is the most complete basal sauropod currently known with intact skull. Although its name was revealed in a 2010 Geological Society of America abstract by Sankar Chatterjee, T. Wang, S.G. Pan, Z. Dong, X.C. Wu, and Paul Upchurch, it wasn't validly named and described until 2018. The type species is Yizhousaurus sunae.

Skeleton
A skeleton is the structural frame that supports the body of most animals. There are several types of skeletons, including the exoskeleton, which is a rigid outer shell that holds up an organism's shape; the endoskeleton, a rigid internal frame to which the organs and soft tissues attach; and the hydroskeleton, a flexible internal structure supported by the hydrostatic pressure of body fluids.

Vertebrates are animals with an endoskeleton centered around an axial vertebral column, and their skeletons are typically composed of bones and cartilages. Invertebrates are other animals that lack a vertebral column, and their skeletons vary, including hard-shelled exoskeleton (arthropods and most molluscs), plated internal shells (e.g. cuttlebones in some cephalopods) or rods (e.g. ossicles in echinoderms), hydrostatically supported body cavities (most), and spicules (sponges). Cartilage is a rigid connective tissue that is found in the skeletal systems of vertebrates and invertebrates.
Tatoft
Tatoft is a small town and rural commune in Larache Province of the Tanger-Tetouan-Al Hoceima region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 11,005 people living in 2229 households.

2004 Moroccan census
The 2004 Moroccan census, formally the General Population and Housing Census for the year 2004, was held in Morocco in 2004, conducted by the High Planning Commission. The previous census was taken in 1994.
Umbilical fascia
The umbilical fascia (or umbilicovesical fascia) is a thin fascial layer that extends between the medial umbilical ligaments from the umbilicus, and extends inferiorly, becoming continuous with the visceral fascia enclosing the urinary bladder.

Bladder
The bladder (from Old English  blædre 'bladder, blister, pimple') is a hollow organ in humans and other vertebrates that stores urine from the kidneys. In placental mammals, urine enters the bladder via the ureters and exits via the urethra during urination. In humans, the bladder is a distensible organ that sits on the pelvic floor. The typical adult human bladder will hold between 300 and 500 ml (10 and 17 fl oz) before the urge to empty occurs, but can hold considerably more.

The Latin phrase for "urinary bladder" is vesica urinaria, and the term vesical or prefix vesico- appear in connection with associated structures such as vesical veins. The modern Latin word for "bladder" – cystis – appears in associated terms such as cystitis (inflammation of the bladder).
Nathan Burrage
Nathan Burrage is an Australian writer of speculative fiction.

Born 1971, in country Victoria, Australia, Burrage grew up in Melbourne. He graduated with a Bachelor of Economics & Commerce from the University of Melbourne in 1993.

He began writing fiction in the late 1990s, with his first short story was published in 2001. In that year Burrage was awarded a mentorship by the NSW Writers’ Centre to develop an early version of his debut novel, FIVEFOLD. Since then, he has had 20 short stories published in various Australian anthologies, magazines and webzines.

In January 2005, Burrage was selected to attend Clarion South, the Australian equivalent of the US residential short story workshop. With the benefit of this experience, he was able to secure a literary agent and FIVEFOLD was sold to Random House Australia in January 2007.

Shadowed Realms
Shadowed Realms was a dark flash fiction online magazine produced by Australian independent publisher Brimstone Press. A number of stories published in Shadowed Realms won, or were nominated for, several speculative fiction awards.
Netcott-Pfeiffer House
Netcott-Pfeiffer House is a historic building located in Parkersburg, Iowa, United States. The Italianate style double house was built in 1894 by George Netcott, Jr. and his son George A. Netcott. Harry E. Netcott, another of George Jr.'s sons, is believed to have designed the house. George A. Netcott sold the house in 1896 to Gustavus A. Pfeiffer, a pharmacist, and his brother Paul, a local banker and land baron. The brothers, who were also humanitarians and philanthropists, lived here together with their families until Gustavus moved to St. Louis in 1901. Paul's daughter Pauline was a journalist and the second wife of Ernest Hemingway. She lived in the house from 1896 to 1901. The house is also associated with physicist Edwin Thompson Jaynes, who lived here from 1929 to 1942 with his mother after his father's death. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.

Parkersburg, Iowa
Parkersburg is a city in Butler County, Iowa, United States. The population was 2,015 in the 2020 census, an increase from 1,870 in the 2010 census. Parkersburg, although not the county seat, is the highest-populated city in Butler County.
Creg
CREG is an acronym that can represent:

Centres de recherche en gestion, a management research center based at Pau's University, France

China Railway Engineering Equipment Group, a subsidiary of China Railway Group Limited

China Recycling Energy Corporation (Nasdaq: CREG)

Chongqing Road Engineering Group

Electricity and Gas Regulation Commission, an Algerian public service organisation

Electricity and Gas Regulation Commission (Belgium), a Belgian public service organisation

Chongqing Road Engineering Group
Chongqing Road Engineering Group (commonly abbreviated as Yulu Group or CREG) (Chinese: 重庆市公路工程集团,渝路集团) is one of the largest individually owned construction groups in the western China region. The company's headquarters is in Yubei District of Chongqing, a provincial-level municipality of the People's Republic of China.
Richard Guest
Richard Guest (born 14 August 1967) is an artist and short story author. Educated at the Slade School of Art 1986–1990, he began his writing career with two operas, The Swiss Admiral's Trousers (1986) and The Maginot Line (1987) which were staged at the Slade School of Fine Art and the Riverside Studios, Hammersmith respectively.
Published works include Americancola2 *, A Lemming Named Desire, Stephen Milliner's Beautiful Rockery, and Minestrone. He was also co-owner, and publisher with Roy Marchant of RMG Books (1990–1998), a small press which published artists' books and poetry including Nature Poetry, and Adventures in the West by Christopher Twigg and Play by Andrew Bick *.

Artist's book
Artists' books (or book art or book objects) are works of art that engage with and transform the form of a book. Some are mass-produced with multiple editions, and some in small editions, while others are produced as one-of-a-kind objects.

There is no single definition of an artist's book, and formulating a definition is cumbersome and subject to debate. Importantly, the creation of artists' books incorporates a variety of formats and genres. They have a complex history, with a particular focus and growth in contemporary artist movements. They also have recently grown in popularity, especially in art institutions, and have become popular in art library reference workshops. The exact definition and usage of artists' books has become more fluid and porous alongside the growth in popularity of artists' books.
Matthew Garbett
Matthew Jimmy David Garbett (born 13 April 2002) is a professional footballer who plays as a Midfielder for EFL League One side Peterborough United. Born in England, he plays for the New Zealand national team.

New Zealand men's national under-17 football team
The New Zealand Under 17's football team, more commonly known as the Junior All Whites, is controlled by New Zealand Football and represents New Zealand in international Under 17 or youth football competitions.

New Zealand was the host nation for the 1999 FIFA U-17 World Championship.
Fadi Frem
Fadi Frem (Arabic: فادي أفرام, born 1953 in Achrafieh, Beirut, Lebanon) is the former leader of the Lebanese Forces Christian militia and political party. He is married to Lena Abou Nader, the grand daughter of Pierre Gemayel. He holds a degree in mechanical engineering from the American University of Beirut, Masters in Industrial Engineering from Texas A & M, and an MBA from Harvard Business School.

He started his military service in 1969 following incidents which he fought against the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) in Lebanon. He was one of the founding members of the BG Unit and fought against the PLO again in 1975. In 1978, he was appointed into the military intelligence. On September 13, 1982, one day before Lebanese Forces leader and former Lebanese President Bashir Gemayel was killed, Fadi was appointed leader of the Lebanese Forces. He stayed leader of the Lebanese Forces until the election of Fouad Abou Nader.

American University of Beirut
The American University of Beirut (AUB; Arabic: الجامعة الأميركية في بيروت, romanized: al-Jāmiʿa l-Amērkiyya fī Bayrūt) is a private, non-sectarian, and independent university chartered in New York with its main campus in Beirut, Lebanon. AUB is governed by a private, autonomous board of trustees and offers programs leading to bachelor's, master's, MD, and PhD degrees.

AUB has an operating budget of $423 million with an endowment of approximately $768 million. The campus is composed of 64 buildings, including the American University of Beirut Medical Center (AUBMC, formerly known as AUH – American University Hospital) (420 beds), four libraries, three museums and seven dormitories. Almost one-fifth of AUB's students attended secondary school or university outside Lebanon before coming to AUB. AUB graduates reside in more than 120 countries worldwide. The language of instruction is English. Degrees awarded at the university are officially registered with the New York Board of Regents.
Client access license
A client access license (CAL) is a commercial software license that allows client computers to use server software services. Most commercial desktop apps are licensed so that payment is required for each installation, but some server products can be licensed so that payment is required for each device or user that accesses the service provided by the software. For example, an instance of Windows Server 2016 for which ten User CALs are purchased allows 10 distinct users to access the server.

Windows Server 2016
Windows Server 2016 is the eleventh major version of the Windows NT operating system produced by Microsoft to be released under the Windows Server brand name. It was developed alongside Windows 10 and is the successor to the Windows 8.1-based Windows Server 2012 R2. The first early preview version (Technical Preview) became available on October 1, 2014 together with the first technical preview of System Center. Windows Server 2016 was released on September 26, 2016 at Microsoft's Ignite conference and reached general availability on October 12, 2016.

It was succeeded by Windows Server 2019 and the Windows Server Semi-Annual Channel, which was released in 2017. Mainstream support for Windows Server 2016 ended on January 11, 2022, and extended support will end on January 12, 2027.
Falch
Falch is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anton Falch (1860–1936), American baseball player

Aslak Falch (born 1992), Norwegian footballer

Edgar Falch (1930–2013), Norwegian footballer

Frank Meidell Falch (1920–2013), Norwegian media director

Michael Falch (born 1956), Danish singer, guitarist, actor, and author

Oswald Falch (1884–1977), Norwegian gymnast

Ulrikke Falch (born 1996), Norwegian actress and author

Oswald Falch
Oswald Anathon Thygesen Falch (21 July 1884 – 13 February 1977) was a Norwegian gymnast who competed in the 1906 Summer Olympics. He won the gold medal in the team competition.

His great granddaughter, Mira Verås Larsen, competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics and was Norway's flag bearer in the opening ceremony.
Día D
Día D (Spanish: D-Day) was an Argentine journalism TV program, aired by América TV. It was led by Jorge Lanata, Adolfo Castelo, Martín Caparrós, Reynaldo Sietecase, Andrés Klipphan, Maximiliano Montenegro, Andrea Rodríguez and Gisela Marziotta.

Gisela Marziotta
Gisela Marziotta (born 19 March 1975) is an Argentine journalist, writer and politician, who is currently a member of the Argentine Chamber of Deputies representing the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires since 2020 for the Frente de Todos coalition.
Carlos López Contreras
Carlos López Contreras (born January 31, 1942) is a Honduran politician and member of the National Party. He served as Foreign Minister from July 13, 2009 to January 27, 2010 under the interim presidency of Roberto Micheletti. He was an Ambassador in Belgium and in the Netherlands.

He is married to Armida Villela de López Contreras.

National Party of Honduras
The National Party of Honduras (PNH; Spanish: Partido Nacional de Honduras) is a conservative  political party in Honduras founded on 27 February 1902, by Manuel Bonilla Chirinos. Historically it has been one of the two most influential parties in the country. The party's platform is based on Christian humanist doctrine, and its five main principles are common wealth, dignity of the human person, equality, solidarity and subsidiarity.

Since the foundation of the National Party, Honduras has had 14 PNH presidents. Manuel Bonilla was the first (1903–1907), and the most recent is the president, Nasry Asfura, who has served since January 2026. The party was the ruling directive of the National Congress from 2009 to 2022 and currently holds mayoralties of most of the country's municipalities.
Żurowski
Żurowski (feminine Żurowska) is a Polish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Adam Żurowski (1929–2016), Polish geodesist and academic

Agnes Zurowski (1920–2013), Canadian baseball player

Kazimierz Żurowski (1909–1987), Polish archaeologist

Maciej Żurowski (1915–2003), Polish historian

Teresa Zurowski (born 1956), Polish-Austrian handball player

Maciej Żurowski
Maciej Żurowski (17 September 1915 in Płock – 8 May 2003 in Warsaw) was a Polish historian of French literature, translator, Romanist. He was a professor of University of Warsaw, co-editor of Przegląd humanistyczny (since 1957).