hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Helically Symmetric Experiment
The Helically Symmetric Experiment (HSX, stylized as Helically Symmetric eXperiment), is an experimental plasma confinement device at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, with design principles that are intended to be incorporated into a fusion reactor. The HSX is a modular coil stellarator which is a toroid-shaped pressure vessel with external electromagnets which generate a magnetic field for the purpose of containing a plasma. It began operation in 1999.

Toroid
In mathematics, a toroid is a surface of revolution with a hole in the middle. The axis of revolution passes through the hole and so does not intersect the surface. For example, when a rectangle is rotated around an axis parallel to one of its edges, then a hollow rectangle-section ring is produced. If the revolved figure is a circle, then the object is called a torus.

The term toroid is also used to describe a toroidal polyhedron. In this context a toroid need not be circular and may have any number of holes. A g-holed toroid can be seen as approximating the surface of a torus having a topological genus, g, of 1 or greater. The Euler characteristic χ of a g holed toroid is 2(1−g).

The torus is an example of a toroid, which is the surface of a doughnut. Doughnuts are an example of a solid torus created by rotating a disk, and are not toroids.

Toroidal structures occur in both natural and synthetic materials.
Western SMT
Western Scottish Motor Traction Co. Limited was a bus operator in south-west Scotland from 1929 to 1985.

The company was formed in 1929 by the renaming of Scottish General Transport Co. Ltd, after the  British Electric Traction subsidiary formed in 1913 was acquired by the Scottish Motor Traction group. The SMT group was nationalised in 1949, and Western SMT became part of the Scottish Bus Group. In preparation for privatisation, the company was split into Clydeside Scottish and Western Scottish in 1985.

In 1984 the company operated buses from depots in the following locations:

Ayr, with sub-depot at Girvan

Cumnock

Dumfries, with sub-depots at Annan, Kirkcudbright and Lockerbie

Carlisle

Greenock

Inchinnan

Johnstone, with sub-depot at Largs

Kilmarnock

Thornliebank, with sub-depot at Ardrishaig

Paisley

Port Ellen on Islay

Rothesay

Stranraer, with sub-depot at Wigtown

Johnstone
Johnstone (Scots: Johnstoun, Scottish Gaelic: Baile Iain) is a town in the administrative area of Renfrewshire and larger historic county of the same name, in the west central Lowlands of Scotland.

The town lies 3 miles (5 km) west of neighbouring Paisley, 12 miles (19 km) west of the centre of the city of Glasgow and 12 miles (19 km) north east of Kilwinning. Part of the biggest conurbation in Scotland, Johnstone is at the western edge of the Greater Glasgow Urban Area.
Budde
Budde is a surname of German origin. Notable people with the surname include:

Brad Budde (b. 1958), American professional football player

Christoph Budde (1963–2009), German football player

Ed Budde (1940–2023), American professional football player

Elmar Budde (1935–2025), German musicologist

Gustav Henrik Andreas Budde-Lund (1846–1911), Danish zoologist

Jonas Budde (1644–1710), Danish-Norwegian army officer

Jöns Budde (c. 1435–1495), Finnish Franciscan friar

Kai Budde (1979–2026), German professional Magic: The Gathering player

Karl Budde (1850–1935), German theologian

Katrin Budde (b. 1965), German politician

Mariann Budde (b. 1959), diocesan bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Washington, D.C.

Ryan Budde (b. 1979), American professional baseball player

Theo Budde (1889–1959), Dutch jeweller, preservationist, and poet

Vincens Budde (1660–1729), Norwegian army officer

Brad Budde
Brad Edward Budde (born May 9, 1958) is an American former professional football player who was an offensive guard in the National Football League (NFL) for seven seasons during the 1980s.  Budde played college football for the University of Southern California (USC), and was a unanimous All-American and the winner of the Lombardi Award.  He was a first-round pick in the 1980 NFL draft, and played professionally for the NFL's Kansas City Chiefs.
Ravenswood Manor Historic District
The Ravenswood Manor Historic District is a historic district in the Albany Park community area of North Side, Chicago, Illinois. It is bordered by the Chicago River on the East, and by the alley south of Lawrence Avenue on the North, Sacramento Avenue on the West, and the alley North of Montrose Avenue on the south.

Ravenswood Manor is a primarily residential neighborhood that was developed during the early twentieth century. It contains many bungalows, and some of the homes along the river have their own docks.

One of the most famous recent residents has been former Illinois governor Rod Blagojevich.

The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 5, 2008.

Lawrence Avenue (Chicago)
Lawrence Avenue is a major east-west street in the Chicago metropolitan area. Located 6 miles (9.7 km) north of Madison Street, it is designated 4800N in Chicago's grid system. Served by multiple rail connections throughout its length, Lawrence Avenue has throughout Chicago's history, been known to be a major commercial and cultural thoroughfare, alongside nearby Broadway, serving as the hub for the Uptown Square Historic District, with multiple theaters, restaurants, nightclubs, hotels, and other small businesses found along the street. Lawrence is also home to a variety of ethnic diasporas, with Polish, Lithuanian, Jewish, Cambodian, Ukrainian, Mexican, Guatemalan, Ecuadorean, Punjabi, and Korean groups among others all calling the street home.  Lawrence Avenue forms part of the southern boundary for the Jefferson Park, Forest Glen, and Albany Park community areas, as well as being a major commercial road for all those areas in addition to Lincoln Square and Uptown.
Brandon Sugden
Brandon Sugden (born June 23, 1978) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey right winger. He was selected by Toronto Maple Leafs in the fifth round (111th overall) of the 1996 NHL Entry Draft. Nicknamed "Sugar" during his rookie training camp in Toronto, Sugden played 406 career games from 1998 until 2011.

Sugden retired in 2010 due to post-concussion syndrome.

1996 NHL entry draft
The 1996 NHL entry draft was the 34th NHL entry draft. It was held at the Kiel Center in St. Louis, Missouri, on June 22, 1996.

The last active player in the NHL from this draft class was Zdeno Chara, who retired after the 2021–22 season.

It is considered one of the weakest NHL entry drafts ever, with just one (Chara, seven times) of the 241 players drafted ever being chosen for a year-end NHL All-Star team. Similarly, (as of 2025) Chara is the only player from this draft to be elected to the Hockey Hall of Fame.
BAE Systems Maritime – Maritime Services
BAE Systems Maritime – Maritime Services is a wholly owned subsidiary company of BAE Systems, specialising in the repair and maintenance of Royal Navy vessels, as well as product development, naval training and through life support for radar, torpedoes and small boats.  Along with BAE Systems Maritime – Submarines and BAE Systems Maritime – Naval Ships, it is one of three divisions of BAE Systems Maritime.

VT Group
VTG (formerly VT Group) is a privately held United States defense and services company, with its origins in a former British shipbuilding group, previously known as Vosper Thornycroft. The British part of VTG was integrated into Babcock International in the early 2010s. In July 2012, The Resolute Fund II, LP, an affiliate of The Jordan Company acquired VTG. In September 2023, VTG received a new majority investment from A&M Capital Partners.
Henno
Henno is both a surname and a given name. Notable people with the name include:

Surname:

Hubert Henno (born 1976), French volleyball player

Olivier Henno (born 1962), French politician

Sass Henno (born 1982), Estonian writer

Given name:

Henno Althoff (born 1960), German record producer and recording engineer

Henno Haava (born 1973), Estonian runner

Henno Jordaan (born 1988), South African cricketer

Henno Käo (1942–2004), Estonian children's writer, book illustrator, poet and musician

Henno Martin (1910–1998), German geologist

Henno Mentz (born 1979), South African rugby union player

Henno Prinsloo (born 1987), Namibian cricketer

Sass Henno
Sass Henno (born September 13, 1982, in Tartu, Estonian SSR, Soviet union) is an Estonian writer.

He attended Miina Härma Secondary Grammar School in Tartu between 1989-2001. Between 2001-2003 he studied computer graphics and advertising in Tartu Art College, then film and video directing in the Tallinn University between 2003-2005. Since 2007 he has been attending a master’s level screenwriting course in Baltic Film and Media School.

He won the first prize in Estonian Novel Competition 2005 with his work Mina olin siin. Esimene arest. A feature-length film based on the novel was released in 2008 (I Was Here).

Henno worked in Estonian Television as an assistant and director. Since 2005 he has been a member of Estonian Writers' Union. Since 2010 he works as a CEO of Spring Advertising ad agency Royal Service event marketing agency.

Henno also enjoys reading, sailing and shooting (IPSC).
Profit model
The profit model is the linear, deterministic algebraic model used implicitly by most cost accountants. Starting with, profit equals sales minus costs, it provides a structure for modeling cost elements such as materials, losses, multi-products, learning, depreciation etc. It provides a mutable conceptual base for spreadsheet modelers. This enables them to run deterministic simulations or 'what if' modelling to see the impact of price, cost or quantity changes on profitability.

Sensitivity analysis
Sensitivity analysis is the study of how the uncertainty in the output of a mathematical model or system (numerical or otherwise) can be divided and allocated to different sources of uncertainty in its inputs. This involves estimating sensitivity indices that quantify the influence of an input or group of inputs on the output. A related practice is uncertainty analysis, which has a greater focus on uncertainty quantification and propagation of uncertainty; ideally, uncertainty and sensitivity analysis should be run in tandem.
Walter C. Dunton
Walter C. Dunton (November 29, 1830 – April 23, 1890) was a Vermont attorney, businessman, politician, and judge. In addition to serving in the Vermont State Senate, Dunton was a justice of the Vermont Supreme Court from 1877 to 1879.

Middlebury College
Middlebury College is a private liberal arts college in Middlebury, Vermont, United States. Founded in 1800 by Congregationalists, Middlebury was the first operating college or university in Vermont.

In the fall of 2024, the college enrolled 2,760 undergraduates from all 50 states and 74 countries and offers 45 majors in the arts and humanities as well as joint engineering programs. In addition to its undergraduate liberal arts program, the school also has graduate schools, the Middlebury College Language Schools, the Bread Loaf School of English, and the Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey, as well as its C.V. Starr-Middlebury Schools Abroad international programs. Middlebury's 31 varsity teams are the Middlebury Panthers and compete in the NCAA Division III's New England Small College Athletic Conference.
Karen Arnold
Karen Arnold (born 1964) is a former company director who has been awarded an honorary doctorate from Bournemouth University for her Since 2015, she has worked in military transition, supporting those leaving the military. She was formerly the chief executive of The Enterprise and Skills Company Limited, based in Wimborne Minster, Dorset, which created the Yes Chef Competition on TV.

Wimborne Minster
Wimborne Minster (often referred to as Wimborne, /ˈwɪmbɔːrn/) is a market town in Dorset in South West England, and the name of the Church of England church in that town. It lies at the confluence of the River Stour and the River Allen, 5 miles (8 km) north of Poole, on the Dorset Heaths, and is part of the South East Dorset conurbation. According to Office for National Statistics data the population of the Wimborne Minster built-up area as of 2014 was 15,552.

The name Wimborne derives from the Old English winnburna meaning 'stream by a pasture'.
October 19 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
October 18 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - October 20

All fixed commemorations below celebrated on November 1 by Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For October 19th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on October 6.

Frithuswith
Frithuswith, commonly Frideswide (Old English: Friðuswīþ; c. 650 – 19 October 727), was an English princess and abbess. She is credited as the foundress of a monastery later incorporated into Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford. She was the daughter of a sub-king of Mercia named Dida of Eynsham whose lands occupied western Oxfordshire and the upper reaches of the River Thames.
Água Preta
Água Preta (Black Water) is a Brazilian municipality (city) in the state of Pernambuco. It covers 533.33 km2 (205.92 sq mi), and has a population of 37,082 with a population density of 62.05 inhabitants per square kilometer.

Água Preta was founded as a district of the municipality of Rio Formoso in 10 de novembro 1809. It became an independent municipality on July 3, 1895. The Praieira revolt (1848–1849), which originated Recife, spread to Água Preta in its first year. Captain Pedro Ivo Veloso da Silveira (? - 1852) took refuge in the forests of Agua Preta after the defeat of his faction in Recife and organized a guerrilla resistance for two years before his surrender.

Praieira revolt
The Praieira revolt, also known as the Beach rebellion, was a movement in the Pernambuco province of the Empire of Brazil that lasted from 1848 to 1849. The revolt, influenced by revolutions taking place in Europe, was due in part to unresolved conflicts left over from the Regency period and local resistance to the consolidation of the Empire of Brazil that had been proclaimed in 1822. The movement was led by radical elements of the Liberal Party of Pernambuco against the ruling Conservatives.
PS Kota Singkawang
Persatuan Sepakbola Kota Singkawang (simply known as a PS Kota Singkawang) is an Indonesian football club based in Singkawang, West Kalimantan. Club played at Liga 3 and their homeground is Kridasana Stadium.

Liga Nusantara
Liga Nusantara (English: Archipelago League), officially known as PNM Liga Nusantara for sponsorship reasons, is the third-tier of the football competition system in Indonesia, organized by the Football Association of Indonesia (PSSI). The competition started in 2014 after PSSI merged the previous competitions, Liga Indonesia Second Division and Liga Indonesia Third Division. The competition was previously organized in two phases, with the provincial phase operated by PSSI Provincial Associations, where each province held its own regional competition, followed by the national phase operated by PSSI, where the top teams from each province competed at the national level.

Starting from the 2024–25 season, the competition is organized on a national level with teams divided into several groups based on geographical factors and is now operated by the I-League.
A.J. Holman and Company building
The A.J. Holman and Company at 1224 Arch Street between N. 12th and N. 13th Streets in the Center City area of Philadelphia was built in 1881 and was designed by the Wilson Brothers, who also designed the nearby Reading Terminal. Andrew J. Holman founded the Bible-publishing business in 1872 and had this building constructed when their original space became too small for the growing company.

The front façade of the five-story, red brick building features cast iron piers on the first floor and a triangular pediment with Gothic arch at the roofline. It is one of the few commercial loft buildings from the period in Philadelphia which have not been extensively changed.

The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.

Loft
A loft is a building's upper storey or elevated area in a room directly under the roof (American usage), or just an attic: a storage space under the roof usually accessed by a ladder (primarily British usage). A loft apartment refers to large adaptable open space, often converted for residential use (a converted loft) from some other use, often light industrial.
Trimethylstibine
Trimethylstibine is an organoantimony compound with the formula Sb(CH3)3. It is a colorless pyrophoric and toxic liquid. It is synthesized by treatment of antimony trichloride and methyl Grignard reagent. It is produced by anaerobic bacteria in antimony-rich soils. In contrast to trimethylphosphine, trimethylstibine is a weaker Lewis base.  It is used in the production of some III-V semiconductors.

Antimony
Antimony is a chemical element with the symbol Sb (from Latin  stibium) and atomic number 51. A lustrous grey metal or metalloid, it occurs in nature mainly in the form of the sulfide mineral stibnite (Sb2S3). Antimony compounds have been known since ancient times and were powdered for use as medicine and cosmetics, often known by the Arabic name kohl.

China is the largest producer of antimony and its compounds, with most production coming from the Xikuangshan Mine in Hunan. The industrial methods for refining antimony from stibnite are roasting followed by reduction with carbon, or direct reduction of stibnite with iron.

The most common applications for metallic antimony are in alloys with lead and tin, which have improved properties for solders, bullets, and plain bearings. It improves the rigidity of lead-alloy plates in lead–acid batteries. Antimony trioxide is a prominent additive for halogen-containing flame retardants. Antimony is used as a dopant in semiconductor devices.
Lars-Kristian Eriksen
Lars-Kristian "Lasse" Eriksen (born 28 June 1983) is a Norwegian former footballer who last played for Odd in the Norwegian top division. Eriksen has played 19 games for Norway U21 national football team.

He started his career with Norwegian side Aalesunds FK, but transferred to Lyn in 2002. He came through the Lyn youth system, having attended the Norwegian College of Elite Sport. After the 2008 campaign he left Lyn to join Lillestrøm SK. Autumn 2011 he signed for Odd Grenland, binding him to the club from 1 January 2012.

He is a member of the Christian sports organization Kristen Idrettskontakt (KRIK).

Norway national under-21 football team
The Norway national under-21 football team, administered and controlled by the Norwegian Football Federation, is the national football team of Norway for players of 21 years of age or under at the start of a UEFA European Under-21 Championship campaign. The team has reached the European Championship finals three times, in 1998 and 2013, winning bronze medals on both occasions, and again in 2023.
South Knobs Township, Yadkin County, North Carolina
South Knobs Township is one of twelve townships in Yadkin County, North Carolina, United States. The township had a population of 1,729 according to the 2000 census.

Geographically, South Knobs Township occupies 20.02 square miles (51.9 km2) in western Yadkin County.  South Knobs Township's western border is with Wilkes County.  The township includes the unincorporated community of Swan Creek.

36°10′53″N 80°49′16″W﻿ / ﻿36.1812519°N 80.8211696°W﻿ / 36.1812519; -80.8211696

Wilkes County, North Carolina
Wilkes County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It is a part of the state's western mountain region. The population was 65,969 at the 2020 census. Its county seat is Wilkesboro, and its largest community is North Wilkesboro. Wilkes County comprises the North Wilkesboro, NC Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Michigan's 97th House of Representatives district
Michigan's 97th House of Representatives district (also referred to as Michigan's 97th House district) is a legislative district within the Michigan House of Representatives located in parts of Bay, Genesee, Saginaw, and Tuscola counties. The district was created in 1965, when the Michigan House of Representatives district naming scheme changed from a county-based system to a numerical one.

Bay County, Michigan
Bay County is located in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 103,856. The county seat is Bay City. Bay County comprises the Bay City, MI Metropolitan Statistical Area and is included in the Saginaw-Midland-Bay City Combined Statistical Area in the Mid/Central Michigan region.
Arab Indonesian cuisine
Arab Indonesian cuisine (Indonesian: Masakan Arab-Indonesia) is characterized by the mixture of Middle Eastern cuisine with local Indonesian-style cuisine. Arab Indonesians brought their legacy of Arab cuisine—originally from Hadhramaut, Hejaz, Sudan and Egypt—and modified some of the dishes with the addition of Indonesian ingredients. The Arabs arrived in the Nusantara archipelago to trade and spread Islam. In Java, since the 18th century AD, most Arab traders settled on the north coast and diffused with indigenous cultures, thus affecting the local cuisine culture, especially in the use of goat and mutton meat as well as ghee in cooking.

Tabbouleh
Tabbouleh (Arabic: تبولة, romanized: tabbūla), also transcribed tabouleh, tabbouli, tabouli, or taboulah, is a Levantine salad of finely chopped parsley, soaked bulgur, tomatoes, mint, and onion, seasoned with olive oil, lemon juice, salt and sweet pepper. Some variations add lettuce, or use semolina instead of bulgur.

Tabbouleh is traditionally served as part of a mezze in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Arab world. Like hummus, baba ghanoush, pita bread, and other elements of Arab cuisine, tabbouleh has become a popular food in the United States.
Owari Hills
The Owari Hills (尾張丘陵, Owari Kyūryō) are a set of hills located in the mid-western part of Aichi Prefecture, Japan. Centuries ago, this area made up the eastern portion of the Owari Domain.

The northern section of the hills rises about 200 m (656 ft) above sea level. From there, the hills stretch from the city of Inuyama on the southern banks of the Kiso River to the southeast, going through the communities of Komaki and Kasugai, then continuing to the southwest until Mount Sanage along the border between Toyota and Seto. From there, the hills continue in a south westerly direction before finishing on the Chita Peninsula.

Kasugai, Aichi
Kasugai (春日井市, Kasugai-shi) is a city in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 October 2019, the city had an estimated population of 306,764, and a population density of 3,306 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 92.78 square kilometres (35.82 sq mi). The city is sometimes called Owarikasugai to avoid confusion with other municipality of the same name, including Kasugai (now part of Fuefuki) in Yamanashi Prefecture.
Antigua and Barbuda at the 2024 Summer Olympics
Antigua and Barbuda competed at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris from 26 July to 11 August 2024. This was Antigua and Barbuda's twelfth appearance at the Summer Olympics, except for 1980, as the nation joined a US-led boycott that year.

The team from Antigua and Barbuda consists of five athletes in three sports. Sprinter Cejhae Greene was the country's opening ceremony flagbearer.

1980 Summer Olympics boycott
The United States led the 1980 Summer Olympics boycott to protest against the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. More than 60 countries joined the boycott to varying degrees, affecting athletes, fans, and international relations. The absence of so many competitors changed the outcomes of some events, led to alternative competitions, and influenced the 1984 Olympics, which the Soviets later boycotted. The Soviet Union, which hosted the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, and its satellite states later boycotted the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles.