hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ray Rowe (American football)
Raymond Henry Rowe (born July 28, 1969) is a former American football tight end in the National Football League (NFL) for the Washington Redskins.  He played college football at San Diego State University and was selected 168th overall in the sixth round of the 1992 NFL draft.

Rowe attended Mira Mesa High School (1984–1987), where he played football and basketball for the Marauders.

1992 NFL draft
The 1992 NFL draft was the procedure by which National Football League teams selected amateur college football players. It is officially known as the NFL Annual Player Selection Meeting. The draft was held April 26–27, 1992, at the Marriott Marquis in New York City, New York. The league also held a supplemental draft after the regular draft and before the regular season.

The 1992 draft was notable because for the first time since 1958 one team, the Indianapolis Colts, held the first two overall picks, selecting defensive end Steve Emtman and then linebacker Quentin Coryatt. Neither made a major impact in the league, and the 1992 draft in retrospect is considered one of the worst in league history. It is the third draft following 1984 and 1943 to produce no Pro Football Hall of Famers. It was also the final NFL draft featuring twelve rounds of selections; the league would reduce the rounds to eight the following season, and then seven the year after that, where it has remained since.
Richmond (British Columbia provincial electoral district)
Richmond was a provincial electoral district British Columbia, Canada. It made its first appearance on the hustings in the election of 1903. It lasted until the 1920 election, after which it lost some territory to the new South Vancouver riding, and became the new riding of Richmond-Point Grey. There was again an electoral district called Richmond from 1966 through the 1986 provincial elections.

Husting
A husting originally referred to a native Germanic governing assembly, the thing. By metonymy, the term may now refer to any event (such as debates or speeches) during an election campaign where one or more of the candidates are present.
Albert Fee
Albert Edward Fee (May 3, 1880 – August 26, 1957) was a provincial politician from Alberta, Canada. He served as a member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta from 1935 to 1952 sitting with the Social Credit caucus in government.

Fee was born May 3, 1880, to Henry Edward Fee and Sarah Madole, both of Irish descent. He was educated in Bruce, Ontario, and married Stella Findlay on August 16, 1911, whom they had four children together. Fee worked as a hardware dealer and undertaker, and later served as a Councillor for the Village of Killam and school trustee. He was a member of the Elks Lodge and Independent Order of Odd Fellows.

Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks
The Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks (BPOE), commonly known as the Elks Lodge or simply The Elks, is an American fraternal order and charitable organization founded in 1868 in New York City. Originally established as a social club for minstrel show performers, it evolved into a nationwide brotherhood dedicated to community service, patriotism, and mutual aid. With over 750,000 members across 1,700-plus local lodges, the Elks are known for philanthropic programs supporting veterans, youth scholarships, and disaster relief. The organization upholds four pillars—Charity, Justice, Brotherly Love, and Fidelity—and maintains traditions like the nightly "Hour of Recollection" toast to absent members. Historically exclusive (barring women and minorities until the late 20th century), the BPOE now admits all U.S. citizens over 21 who affirm belief in God. Its headquarters, the Elks National Veterans Memorial in Chicago, commemorates members who served in World War I.
Plumbylene
Plumbylenes (or plumbylidenes) are divalent organolead(II) analogues of carbenes, with the general chemical formula, R2Pb, where R denotes a substituent. Plumbylenes possess 6 electrons in their valence shell, and are considered open shell species.

The first plumbylene reported was the dialkylplumbylene, [(Me3Si)2CH]2Pb, which was synthesized by Michael F. Lappert et al in 1973.

Plumbylenes may be further classified into carbon-substituted plumbylenes, plumbylenes stabilized by a group 15 or 16 element, and monohalogenated plumbylenes (RPbX).

Transmetalation
Transmetalation (alt. spelling: transmetallation) is a type of organometallic reaction that involves the transfer of ligands from one metal to another. It has the general form:

M1–R + M2–R′ → M1–R′ + M2–R

where R and R′ can be, but are not limited to, an alkyl, aryl, alkynyl, allyl, halogen, or pseudohalogen group. The reaction is usually an irreversible process due to thermodynamic and kinetic reasons. Thermodynamics will favor the reaction based on the electronegativities of the metals and kinetics will favor the reaction if there are empty orbitals on both metals. There are different types of transmetalation including redox-transmetalation and redox-transmetalation/ligand exchange. During transmetalation the metal-carbon bond is activated, leading to the formation of new metal-carbon bonds. Transmetalation is commonly used in catalysis, synthesis of main group complexes, and synthesis of transition metal complexes.
KBTV-CD
KBTV-CD (channel 8) is a low-power, Class A television station in Sacramento, California, United States, affiliated with the digital television network Buzzr. It is also a multicultural independent station, branded on-air as Crossings TV, on its second digital subchannel. KBTV-CD is owned by Innovate Corp. and its second subchannel is also available throughout the Central Valley on Comcast Xfinity channel 398. KBTV-CD has studios on West El Camino Avenue in the Natomas district of Sacramento, in the same building as KVIE, but with completely separate operations from that station. The station's transmitter is located in downtown Sacramento. KBTV-CD on its second subchannel broadcasts programs in various ethnic languages as well as programming from Shop LC during the late-night hours.

Xfinity
Comcast Cable Communications, doing business as Xfinity, is an American telecommunications business segment and division of Comcast Corporation. It is used to market consumer cable television, internet, telephone, and wireless services provided by the company. The brand was first introduced in 2010; prior to that, these services were marketed primarily under the Comcast name.

As of 2023 its CEO is Dave Watson, its chairman is Brian L. Roberts, and its CFO is Catherine Avgiris. Xfinity went from US$23.7 billion in revenue in 2007 to $50.04 billion in 2016.
Dornier Do 29
The Dornier Do 29 was an experimental aircraft developed by Dornier Flugzeugwerke and, the Deutsche Versuchsanstalt für Luftfahrt (German Aviation Laboratory) in the 1950s, used to test a tilting-propeller system for Vertical/Short Take-Off and Landing (V/STOL) aircraft. The concept was proved successful in flight testing; however, no further development of the system or aircraft was proceeded with, and at the conclusion of its test program the Do 29 was retired.

Lycoming O-480
The Lycoming GO-480 is a family of six-cylinder, horizontally opposed fixed-wing aircraft engines of 479.6 cubic inch (7.86 L) displacement, made by Lycoming Engines. The engine is a six-cylinder version of the four-cylinder Lycoming O-320.
AdBlock
AdBlock is an ad-blocking browser extension for Google Chrome, Apple Safari (desktop and mobile), Firefox, Samsung Internet, Microsoft Edge and Opera. AdBlock allows users to prevent page elements, such as advertisements, from being displayed. It is free to download and use, and it includes optional donations to the developers. The AdBlock extension was created on December 8, 2009, which is the day that supports for extensions was added to Google Chrome. It was one of the first Google Chrome extensions that was made.

Since 2016, AdBlock has been based on the Adblock Plus source code.

In July 2018, AdBlock acquired uBlock, a commercial ad-blocker owned by uBlock LLC and based on uBlock Origin.

In April 2021, eyeo GmbH (developer of Adblock Plus) announced its purchase of AdBlock, Inc (formerly BetaFish, Inc).

Pay what you want
Pay what you want (or PWYW, also referred to as value-for-value model) is a pricing strategy where buyers pay their desired amount for a given commodity. This amount can sometimes include zero. A minimum (floor) price may be set, and/or a suggested price may be indicated as guidance for the buyer. The buyer can select an amount higher or lower than the standard price for the commodity.  Many common PWYW models set the price prior to a purchase (ex ante), but some defer price-setting until after the experience of consumption (ex post) (similar to tipping).  PWYW is a buyer-centered form of participative pricing, also referred to as co-pricing (as an aspect of the co-creation of value).
Elvira Fernández–Almoguera Casas
Elvira Fernández–Almoguera Casas (Herencia, Ciudad Real, 20 August 1907 - Albacete, 14 August 1938) was a Spanish lawyer. She was the first woman to join the Albacete Bar as a lawyer, and the first one that had a position at the public attorney.

Ciudad Real
Ciudad Real (US: /sjuːˌdɑːd reɪˈɑːl, -ˌðɑːð/, Spanish: [θjuˈðað reˈal] ⓘ) is a municipality of Spain located in the autonomous community of Castile–La Mancha, capital of the province of Ciudad Real. It is the 5th most populated municipality in the region.

It was founded as Villa Real in 1255 as a royal demesne town and enclave long surrounded by territory belonging to the military order of Calatrava. Its history in the late middle ages was influenced by friction with the latter.
Acacia simsii
Acacia simsii (or heathlands wattle, Sims’ wattle) is a shrub belonging to the genus Acacia in the family Fabaceae. It is native to New Guinea and northern Australia. In Australia it is found in both the Northern Territory and Queensland.

In the Territory, it is found in the bioregions
Arnhem Coast, Cape York Peninsula, Einasleigh Uplands, Gulf Fall and Uplands, Gulf Plains, Northern Kimberley, Pine Creek, Tiwi Cobourg, and Wet Tropics.

in the Territory, it has been found flowering in January, 
February, April, May, June, July, September, October, and November, and fruiting in those months but also in March, August and December.

Arnhem Coast
The Arnhem Coast, an interim Australian bioregion, is located in the Northern Territory, comprising an area of 3,335,669 hectares (8,242,620 acres) of the coastal plains that characterises central Arnhem Land in the Top End of the Northern Territory.
Rye House Kart Circuit
Rye House Kart Circuit is a kart circuit, in Hoddesdon, Hertfordshire, England, and is adjacent to the Rye House Stadium. The circuit is one of the oldest in the country, and has been used by drivers including Jenson Button, Anthony Davidson and Lewis Hamilton .

Go-kart
A go-kart, also written as go-cart (often referred to as simply a kart), is a type of small four-wheeled vehicle, often an open-wheel car or a quadricycle. Go-karts come many shapes and forms, from non-motorised models to high-performance racing karts and electric-powered models.

Art Ingels created the first motorised go-kart in Los Angeles in 1956.
Deboye
Deboye is a commune of the Cercle of Youwarou in the Mopti Region of Mali. The commune contains 24 small villages. The local government is based in the village of Guidio-Sarre. In 2009 the commune had a population of 21,776.

Mopti Region
Mopti (Fulfulde: 𞤁𞤭𞥅𞤱𞤢𞤤 𞤃𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤼𞤭𞥅, transliterated Diiwal Moobti) is the fifth administrative region of Mali, covering 79,017 km2.  Its capital is the city of Mopti. During the 2012 Northern Mali conflict, the frontier between Southern Mali which is controlled by the central government and the rebel-held North ran through Mopti Region.
Oliver Reynolds
Oliver Reynolds (born 1957, in Cardiff, Wales) is a British poet and critic. He studied drama at the University of Hull before returning to Wales to work as an assistant to the Director for Theatre Wales. He won the Arvon Foundation International Poetry Competition in 1985 for his poem 'Rorschach Writing' and the Eric Gregory Award in 1986. Reynolds has held writing residencies at universities in England, Scotland and Sweden, and has contributed to various literary publications including The Times Literary Supplement, Granta and The London Magazine.

University of Hull
The University of Hull is a public research university in Kingston upon Hull, a city in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It was founded in 1927 as University College Hull. The main university campus is located in Hull and is home to the Hull York Medical School, a joint initiative with the University of York. Students are served by Hull University Union.

The first chancellor of the university was Lord Middleton (1954–1969), followed by Lord Cohen (1970–1977), Lord Wilberforce (1978–1994), Lord Armstrong (1994–2006) and Virginia Bottomley (Baroness Bottomley of Nettlestone) (2006–2023). Alan Johnson was installed as the current chancellor in July 2023.
Cis-1,2-dihydroxy-4-methylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1-carboxylate dehydrogenase
In enzymology, a cis-1,2-dihydroxy-4-methylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1-carboxylate dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.1.67) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

cis-1,2-dihydroxy-4-methylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1-carboxylate + NAD(P)+  4-methylcatechol + NAD(P)H + CO2

The 3 substrates of this enzyme are cis-1,2-dihydroxy-4-methylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1-carboxylate, NAD+, and NADP+, whereas its 4 products are 4-methylcatechol, NADH, NADPH, and CO2.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-CH group of donor with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is cis-1,2-dihydroxy-4-methylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1-carboxylate:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating). This enzyme participates in toluene and xylene degradation.

Oxidoreductase
In biochemistry, an oxidoreductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from one molecule, the reductant, also called the electron donor, to another, the oxidant, also called the electron acceptor. This group of enzymes usually utilizes NADP+ or NAD+ as cofactors. Transmembrane oxidoreductases create electron transport chains in bacteria, chloroplasts and mitochondria, including respiratory complexes I, II and III. Some others can associate with biological membranes as peripheral membrane proteins or be anchored to the membranes through a single transmembrane helix.
Vede
Vede is a village in Mulshi taluka of Pune District in the state of Maharashtra, India.Talukas surrounding the village are Karjat taluka, Talegaon Dabhade Taluka, Mawal taluka and by Khalapur taluka. Districts closest to the village are Raigad district, Thane district, Mumbai City district and Mumbai Suburban district. Nearest railway stations around the village are  Vadgaon railway station, Begdewadi railway station, Lonavala railway station, Talegaon railway station and Kamshet railway station.

Vadgaon railway station
Vadgaon Station is a railway station of Pune Suburban Railway on the Mumbai–Chennai line.

Local trains between Pune Junction–Lonavala and Shivaji Nagar–Lonavala stop here.

The few passenger trains to stop on this station are-

Pune–Karjat Passenger.

Mumbai–Sainagar Shirdi Fast Passenger.

Mumbai–Bijapur Fast Passenger. Station has two platforms and a foot overbridge.
Mali Yaro
Abdoulaye Boureima (born 1 January 1973), popularly known as Mali Yaro, is a Nigerien Songhai musician. He began his artistic career as a young goumbé player (a traditional songhai music instrument made of a calabash covered with cowhide). Then, together with friends, formed in 1996 a music group, the Goumbé Stars. Mali Yaro songs were about love, rejoicing and a call for cohesion. Mali Yaro has produced 9 albums.

He has performed in the Netherlands, Morocco, Belgium and the United States and in several other countries in Africa and elsewhere.

Calabash (percussion)
In African music, the calabash is a percussion instrument of the family of idiophones consisting of a half of a large calabash gourd, which is struck with the palms, fingers, wrist or objects to produce a variety of percussive sounds.

In Tuareg music, the askalabo is a calabash "partly submerged in water, drummed to mimic camels' hooves".

The calabash can also be used as a sound board: a finger piano (a flat board with a bridge on which prongs are fastened, that are then played with the fingers) can use a calabash for that purpose, and the gongoma is a similar instrument, using saw blades on a bridge affixed over the calabash—the blades are plucked with the fingers, while the player taps the calabash with their other hand.

A calabash can also be used as a resonator, in the case of the umakhweyane, a middle-braced calabash bow.
Thurnby and Scraptoft railway station
Thurnby and Scraptoft railway station was a railway station in Thurnby, Leicestershire on the Great Northern Railway Leicester branch. Thurnby & Scraptoft railway station was situated approximately four miles east of Leicester Belgrave Road station.

Thurnby
Thurnby is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Thurnby and Bushby, in the Harborough district, in the county of Leicestershire, England. It is just east of Leicester's city boundaries.

Thurnby village proper is set to the south of the A47, just after it leaves the city. A sister village, Bushby lies just to the east and merges into it. To the west is Evington and Thurnby Lodge in Leicester proper, to the north is Scraptoft and to the south and east are open countryside – the next villages in these directions are Stoughton and Houghton on the Hill.
Richard Housley
Richard Housley (8 May 1849 – 23 April 1881) was an English cricketer.  Housley was a right-handed batsman.  He was born at Mansfield Woodhouse, Nottinghamshire.

Housley made a single first-class appearance for Nottinghamshire against Yorkshire at Trent Bridge in 1870. Yorkshire won the toss and elected to bat first, making 108 all out.  In response, Nottinghamshire made just 56 all out, with Housley being dismissed by George Freeman for 2 runs.  In their second-innings, Yorkshire were dismissed for 122, leaving Nottinghamshire with a target of 175 for victory.  Nottinghamshire fell narrowly short of reaching that target, being dismissed for 172 to lose by 2 runs.  During their chase, Housley was run out for a single run. This was his only major appearance for the county.

He later stood as an umpire in two first-class matches at Bramall Lane in 1877, with Yorkshire playing Derbyshire and Nottinghamshire. He died at the village of his birth on 23 April 1881.

Run out
Run out is a method of dismissal in cricket, in which the fielding team put down the wicket of a batter who is outside their ground, usually because they are trying to score a run.

Run out is governed by Law 38 of the laws of cricket. If the batter is judged run out, the run does not count and the bowler does not get credit for the wicket.

A run out can also be effected when the batters are not attempting a run if one of them leaves the crease when the ball is not dead. Some such dismissals cause controversy because they challenge long-established — but not universal — conventions about the spirit of the game.
Audit Board of Indonesia
The Audit Board of Indonesia (Indonesian: Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan Republik Indonesia, lit. 'Financial Audit Board of the Republic of Indonesia') is a high state body in Indonesia which is responsible for evaluation of management and accountability of state finances conducted by the central government, local governments, Bank Indonesia, state-owned enterprises, the Public Service Board, and institutions or other entities which manage state finances.

Bank Indonesia
Bank Indonesia (BI) is the central bank of the Republic of Indonesia. It replaced in 1953 the Bank of Java (Dutch: De Javasche Bank), which had been created in 1828 to serve the financial needs of the Dutch East Indies.
Philip E. Muskett
Philip Edward Muskett (5 February 1857 – 25 August 1909) L.R.C.P., L.R.C.S was an Australian physician, health reformer and writer. He opposed excessive meat and tea consumption and recommended eating more fish, fruit and vegetables.

Membership of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons
Membership of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons (MRCS) is a postgraduate diploma for surgeons in the UK and Ireland. Obtaining this qualification allows a doctor to become a member of one of the four surgical colleges in the UK and Ireland, namely the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, the Royal College of Surgeons of England, the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow and the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland. The examination, currently organised on an intercollegiate basis, is required to enter higher surgical training (ST 3+) in one of the Royal colleges. Thus today's MRCS has replaced the former MRCS(Eng), MRCS(Ed), MRCS(Glas), and MRCS(I). (Similarly, the MRCP is also now intercollegiate.)
McMurdo Volcanic Group
The McMurdo Volcanic Group is a large group of Cenozoic volcanic rocks in the western Ross Sea and central Transantarctic Mountains areas of Antarctica. It is one of the largest provinces of alkaline volcanism in the world, having formed as a result of continental rifting along the West Antarctic Rift System. The McMurdo Volcanic Group is part of the Western Ross Supergroup, a stratigraphic unit that also includes the Meander Intrusive Group.

Geologic province
A geologic province or geological province is a spatial entity with common geologic attributes. A province may include a single dominant structural element such as a basin or a fold belt, or a number of contiguous related elements.  Adjoining provinces may be similar in structure but be considered separate due to differing histories.
Finnish cuisine
Finnish cuisine is notable for generally combining traditional country fare and haute cuisine with contemporary continental-style cooking. Fish and meat (usually pork, beef or reindeer) play a prominent role in traditional Finnish dishes in some parts of the country, while the dishes elsewhere have traditionally included various vegetables and mushrooms. Evacuees from Karelia contributed to foods in other parts of Finland in the aftermath of the Continuation War.

Finnish foods often use wholemeal products (rye, barley, oats) and berries (such as bilberries, lingonberries, cloudberries, and sea buckthorn). Milk and its derivatives like buttermilk are commonly used as food, drink or in various recipes. Various turnips were common in traditional cooking, but were replaced with the potato after its introduction in the 18th century.

Haute cuisine
Haute cuisine (French: [ot kɥizin]; lit. 'high cooking') or grande cuisine is a style of cooking characterised by meticulous preparation, elaborate presentation, and the use of high quality ingredients. Typically prepared by highly skilled gourmet chefs, haute cuisine dishes are renowned for their high quality and are often offered at premium prices.
Musculus discors
Musculus discors, or the discord mussel, is a species of bivalve mollusc in the family Mytilidae. It can be found along the Atlantic coast. In North America it ranges from Labrador to Long Island Sound, around Alaska and in northern European waters, including around most of the coast of Britain. It is a global IUCN Red List species, and of national conservation importance within Great Britain.

Long Island Sound
Long Island Sound is a marine sound and tidal estuary of the Atlantic Ocean. It lies predominantly between the U.S. state of Connecticut to the north and Long Island in New York state to the south. From west to east, the sound stretches 110 mi (180 km) from the East River and the Throgs Neck Bridge in New York City, along the North Shore of Long Island, to Block Island Sound. The sound forms part of the Intracoastal Waterway.

A mix of freshwater from tributaries, and saltwater from the Atlantic Ocean, Long Island Sound is 21 miles (34 km) at its widest point and varies in depth from 65 to 230 feet (20 to 70 m).