hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
J. Alexander Bodkin
J. Alexander Bodkin is an American psychiatrist. He is the Director of the Clinical Psychopharmacology Research Program at McLean Hospital and Assistant Professor of Psychiatry at Harvard Medical School.  Bodkin’s research focuses “on underutilized pharmacologic approaches to difficult-to-treat mood and anxiety disorders, such as MAO inhibitors, stimulants, and the opioid buprenorphine.”

Bodkin is a leading advocate in a school of thought that post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is over-diagnosed by mental health professionals, and testified on behalf of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Hartford in a clergy sexual abuse case.  Bodkin disputed the plaintiff’s psychiatric experts’ claims that he would suffer long term damage as a result of the abuse and even claimed the relationship between the plaintiff and the priest had many positive aspects and that the "clinical criteria for diagnosing the disorder had been manipulated to apply it to" the plaintiff.

Archdiocese of Hartford
The Archdiocese of Hartford (Latin: Archidioecesis Hartfortiensis) is an archdiocese of the Catholic Church in Connecticut in the United States. It is a metropolitan see. The other dioceses in its ecclesiastical province are Bridgeport, Norwich, and Providence.

It was established as the Diocese of Hartford in 1843. The mother church of the Archdiocese of Hartford is the Cathedral of Saint Joseph in Hartford. It covers Hartford, Litchfield and New Haven counties. Christopher J. Coyne is the archbishop.
Giovanni Manfredi
Giovanni Manfredi (1324–1373) was lord of Faenza from 1341 until 13 September 1356, as well as of numerous other minor fiefs in Romagna.

He was born in Imola, the illegitimate son of Riccardo Manfredi, and fought for Mastino II della Scala against John of Bohemia. In 1351 he was hired by Bernabò Visconti in his war against Bologna and the Papal forces, and was excommunicated the following year.

In 1356, after a long resistance together with his ally Francesco II Ordelaffi of Forlì, a crusade was declared against them. He was soon forced to surrender Faenza to the Papal commander, Cardinal Gil de Albornoz. In 1361 he rebelled again, but his conjures to conquer Faenza and Imola were discovered.

He died at Pistoia in 1373.

John of Bohemia
John of Bohemia, also called the Blind or of Luxembourg (Luxembourgish: Jang de Blannen; German: Johann der Blinde; Czech: Jan Lucemburský; 10 August 1296 – 26 August 1346), was the Count of Luxembourg from 1313 and King of Bohemia from 1310 and titular King of Poland. He is well known for having died while fighting in the Battle of Crécy at age 50, after having been blind for a decade. In his home country of Luxembourg, he is considered a national hero. Comparatively, in the Czech Republic (anciently the Kingdom of Bohemia), Jan Lucemburský is often recognized for his role as the father of Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor, one of the more significant Kings of Bohemia and one of the leading Holy Roman Emperors.
Sea buckthorn
Sea-buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides),: 277  also known as sea buckthorn, sandthorn, sallowthorn or seaberry, is a species of flowering plant in the family Elaeagnaceae, native to cold-temperate regions of Eurasia. It is a spiny deciduous shrub. The fruit has culinary uses, while its extracts, including its oil, are used in the cosmetics industry and within traditional medicine. It is also used as animal fodder, in horticulture, and for ecological purposes.

Pomace
Pomace (/ˈpʌməs/ PUM-əs), or marc (/ˈmɑːrk/; from French marc [maʁ]), is the solid remains of grapes, olives, or other fruit after pressing for juice or oil. It contains the skins, pulp, seeds, and stems of the fruit.

Grape pomace has traditionally been used to produce pomace brandy (such as grappa, orujo, törkölypálinka, tsipouro, tsikoudia, zivania). Today, it is mostly used as fodder, as fertilizer, or for the extraction of bioactive compounds like polyphenols.
Kim Ye-ji (sport shooter)
Kim Ye-ji (Korean: 김예지; born 4 September 1992) is a South Korean pistol shooter. Born in Danyang, she started shooting in sixth grade after her gym teacher introduced her to the sport, and appeared at her first ISSF World Shooting Championships in 2010, where she won a bronze medal. Her performances at the 2024 ISSF World Cup and 2024 Summer Olympics, in which she set a world record in the 25 meter pistol women and won the silver medal in the women's 10 metre air pistol, prompted her to go viral online.

Sixth grade
Sixth grade (also 6th grade or grade 6) is the sixth year of formal or compulsory education. Students in sixth grade are usually 11–12 years old, although in some countries, students are aged 12–13 in sixth grade. It is commonly the first grade of middle school or junior secondary school and the seventh school year since kindergarten.
Giacomo Ferrari (rugby union)
Giacomo Ferrari (born 22 January 2002) is an Italian rugby union player, currently playing for Italian United Rugby Championship side Zebre. His preferred position is flanker.

Ferrari signed for Zebre Parma in May 2022 ahead of the 2022–23 United Rugby Championship as Academy Player. He made his debut in Round 7 of the 2022–23 season against the Dragons.

In February 2024, he signed a 4 year contract with Zebre senior squad.

In 2021 and 2022, Ferrari was named in Italy U20s squad for annual Six Nations Under 20s Championship.
On 10 January 2023, he was named in Italy A squad for a uncapped test against Romania A.

Italy A national rugby union team
The Italy A national rugby union team (Italian: Nazionale A di rugby a 15 dell'Italia, also known as Italia Emergenti which means Italy Emerging Players, Italia XV or Italia Under 23) are the second national rugby union team in Italy after the national side.

They competed in the Six Nations "A" from 2000 to 2003, in the IRB Nations Cup from 2006 until 2013, except in 2011 when they played the Churchill Cup. They have also participated in the IRB Tbilisi Cup in 2014.

From 2016 to 2018 it played in the World Rugby Nations Cup.
XX Constitutional Government of Portugal
The XX Constitutional Government of Portugal (Portuguese: XX Governo Constitucional de Portugal) was the 20th government of the Third Portuguese Republic, under the current Constitution. It was in office between 30 October 2015 and 26 November 2015, and was formed by a centre-right coalition between the Social Democratic Party (PSD) and the CDS – People's Party (CDS–PP), which ran together in the 2015 legislative election under the name Portugal Ahead. Pedro Passos Coelho, leader of the PSD, served as Prime Minister.

Lasting only 27 days, it was the shortest-lived Portuguese national government since the Carnation Revolution.

Constitution of Portugal
The Constitution of Portugal, officially the Constitution of the Portuguese Republic (Constituição da República Portuguesa), is the supreme law of Portugal. It superseded the Estado Novo's 1933 Constitution on 25 April 1976 after the Carnation Revolution.

The Constitution was preceded by a number of constitutions including the first one created in 1822 (following the Liberal Revolution of 1820), 1826 (drawn up by King Dom Pedro IV), 1838 (after the Liberal Wars), 1911 (following the 5 October 1910 revolution), and 1933 (after the 28 May 1926 coup d'état).
Hydropelta
Hydropelta is a genus of Late Jurassic turtle from marine deposits in the Jura Mountains of eastern France.

Like many other eurysternid taxa, Hydropelta was at times considered the same species as Eurysternum. Originally described as a species of Chelone, it was renamed Hydropelta by Hermann von Meyer in 1860. Later, it was synonymized with Eurysternum by Oertel (1915), but was treated as a distinct genus and possibly a synonym of Solnhofia by Lapparent de Broin et al. (1996). However, Hydropelta is distinct from other eurysternids by the characters of the fontanelles and plastron.

Late Jurassic
The Late Jurassic is the third epoch of the Jurassic period, and it spans the geologic time from 161.5 ± 1.0 to 143.1 ± 0.6 million years ago (Ma), which is preserved in Upper Jurassic strata.

In European lithostratigraphy, the name "Malm" indicates rocks of Late Jurassic age. In the past, Malm was also used to indicate the unit of geological time, but this usage is now discouraged to make a clear distinction between lithostratigraphic and geochronologic/chronostratigraphic units.
Wakefield and Rothwell
Wakefield and Rothwell is a constituency of the House of Commons in the UK Parliament. Following the completion of the 2023 review of Westminster constituencies, it was first contested at the 2024 general election. It is currently represented by Simon Lightwood of the Labour Party, who served as MP for Wakefield from a 2022 by-election until 2024.

2022 Wakefield by-election
A by-election for the United Kingdom parliamentary constituency of Wakefield was held on 23 June 2022, triggered by the resignation of incumbent Member of Parliament (MP) Imran Ahmad Khan following a criminal conviction for child sexual assault. It was won by Simon Lightwood of the Labour Party, and was the first by-election gain made by Labour since 2012.

Khan was elected as a Conservative Party candidate at the 2019 general election. He lost the whip in June 2021 after being charged with sexually assaulting a 15-year-old boy in 2008, and sat as an independent thereafter. He was convicted in April 2022, and resigned his seat. Khan was subsequently jailed for 18 months.

It was held on the same day as the 2022 Tiverton and Honiton by-election, which the Conservatives lost to the Liberal Democrats. This marked the first time since the 1991 Kincardine and Deeside and Langbaurgh by-elections that the UK government had lost two seats at two by-elections held on the same day.
Third Yediyurappa ministry
B. S. Yediyurappa formed his third ministry (Council of Ministers) in July 2019 in Karnataka, a state in South India, after the INC-Janata Dal (Secular) coalition government collapsed due to defections to the BJP.

The ministry had 33 ministers when dissolved, including the Chief Minister. Out of the 33 ministers including the Chief Minister, all belonged to the BJP.

Janata Dal (Secular)
The Janata Dal (Secular) (transl. People's Party (Secular); abbr. JD(S)) is an Indian political party recognised as a state party in the Indian states of Karnataka, Kerala and Arunachal Pradesh. It was founded by the former prime minister of India H. D. Deve Gowda in July 1999 as a breakaway faction from the Janata Dal.
Natural High (HammerFall song)
"Natural High" is a song by Swedish power metal band HammerFall, released on September 22, 2006. It was the second single released from their album Threshold.

The first single from this album "The Fire Burns Forever" only had one track which bears the same name as the single. Cover artwork made by Samwise Didier and layout by Thomas Everhardt.

Threshold (album)
Threshold is the sixth studio album by Swedish power metal band HammerFall, released on 18 October 2006. The album entered the Swedish charts at number one, staying on the chart for eight weeks. It was the band's first number 1 album since Renegade in 2000. It is currently the last HammerFall studio album with guitarist Stefan Elmgren and bassist Magnus Rosén, as Rosén left the band in 2007 and Elmgren left in 2008.

The guitar solo of "Howlin' With the 'Pac" is essentially a reworked version of the one from "Hearts on Fire". As with several songs on the previous album, the song "Dark Wings, Dark Words" is inspired by A Song of Ice and Fire. The cover artwork was created by Samwise Didier.
Kailasa Candra Dasa
Kailasa Candra Dasa (IAST: Kailāsa Candra dāsa; born 9 January 1951), also known as J. K. Goodwin, is an American Gaudiya Vaishnava teacher, sidereal astrologer and author with a small number of students. In 1972, he joined the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON) in Madison, Wisconsin. After the passing of ISKCON founder A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, he opposed ISKCON's "zonal acharyas", beginning in 1978 and 1979. He is co-founder of the Vaishnava Foundation, a nonprofit organization incorporated under the name Metamorphosis League for Monastic Studies. He works out of the United States. He continues to oppose what he sees as the deviations that emerged within ISKCON after the demise of A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada.

Hindu astrology
Hindu astrology, also called Indian astrology, jyotisha (Sanskrit: ज्योतिष, romanized: jyotiṣa; from  jyót 'light, heavenly body') and, more recently, Vedic astrology, is the traditional Hindu system of astrology. It is one of the six auxiliary disciplines in Hinduism that is connected with the study of the Vedas.

The Vedanga Jyotisha is one of the earliest texts about astronomy within the Vedas. Some scholars believe that the horoscopic astrology practiced in the Indian subcontinent came from Hellenistic influences. However, this is a point of intense debate, and other scholars believe that Jyotisha developed independently, although it may have interacted with Greek astrology.

The scientific consensus is that astrology is a pseudoscience.
File spanning
File spanning is the ability to package a single file or data stream into separate files of a specified size.  This task implies the ability to re-combine the package files back into the original file or data stream.

This is useful when saving large files onto smaller volumes or breaking large files up into smaller files for network messages of limited size (email, newsgroups).  It also allows the creation of parity files such as parchive (PAR) to verify and restore missing or corrupted package files.  Another advantage with this is coping with file size limits on some file systems of removable media, or coping with volume size limits of things like floppy disks.

Sometimes the file spanning process is hidden as a secondary operation such as with file archivers.  In this case, many smaller files are first packaged into a data stream and then repackaged into a multi-file archive.

File archiver
A file archiver is utility software that combines files into a single archive file – or in less common cases, multiple files. A relatively simple implementation might include the content of each file plus its name. A more advanced implementation stores additional metadata, such as the timestamps, file attributes and access control information. An archiver might compress input file content to reduce the size of the resulting archive.

In addition to creating an archive, the same utility may also support extracting the contained file content to recreate the original files.
Willem van der Oord
Willem Johan van der Oord (27 September 1919 – 5 September 1985) was a Dutch hydraulic engineer. He was involved in setting up the Mekong Committee and served as its Executive agent from December 1969 until June 1980. He also worked for the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific.

Van der Oord was born in Haarlemmermeer in September 1919. He was elected a correspondent of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1969. He died in September 1985 at the age of 65.

United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific
The United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP or UNESCAP) is one of the five regional commissions under the jurisdiction of the United Nations Economic and Social Council. It was established in order to increase economic activity in Asia and the Far East, as well as to foster economic relations between the region and other areas of the world.

The commission is composed of 53 member states and nine associate members, mostly from the Asia and Pacific regions. In addition to countries in Asia and the Pacific, the commission's members includes France, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and the United States.

The region covered by the commission is home to 4.1 billion people, or two-thirds of the world's population, making ESCAP the most comprehensive of the United Nations' five regional commissions.
2015–16 ISU Speed Skating World Cup – World Cup 2 – Women's mass start
The women's mass start race of the 2015–16 ISU Speed Skating World Cup 2, arranged in the Utah Olympic Oval, in Salt Lake City, United States, was held on November 22, 2015.

Irene Schouten of the Netherlands won the race, while Ivanie Blondin of Canada came second, and Misaki Oshigiri of Japan came third. Nana Takagi of Japan won the Division B race.

Ivanie Blondin
Ivanie Blondin (born April 2, 1990) is a Canadian speed skater. She primarily skates in the long distances of 3000 m and 5000 m and the mass start event. Blondin won a silver medal in the mass start event at the 2015 World Single Distance Speed Skating Championships and again at the 2025 World Single Distances Speed Skating Championships and a gold medal in the same event at the 2020 World Single Distances Speed Skating Championships. She also won the silver medal at the 2020 World Allround Speed Skating Championships. She won a gold medal at the 2022 Winter Olympics, in Women's team pursuit, and at the 2026 Winter Olympics, once again in the team pursuit discipline.
Gary Blackledge
Gary Blackledge (born 8 April 1958) was a Northern Ireland footballer who, playing as a forward, scored 159 goals in just over 200 games for Glentoran.

He was Ronnie McFall's first signing in 1979 when he was transferred to Glentoran from Portadown for £9,000. During his career Blackledge was named by the Northern Ireland Football Writers' Association as Player of the Month five times, which was the joint record until 2006.

Glentoran F.C.
Glentoran Football Club is a professional football club based in East Belfast, Northern Ireland, that plays in the NIFL Premiership. The club was founded in 1882 and has since won more than 130 major honours. They are one of three Northern Irish teams to have never been relegated.
Gaussia princeps (crustacean)
The black prince copepod (Gaussia princeps) is a mesopelagic copepod found in temperate and tropical waters worldwide. They have been known to display bioluminescence.

Gaussia princeps is used in the production of luciferase.

Luciferase
Luciferase is a generic term for the class of oxidative enzymes that produce bioluminescence, and is usually distinguished from a photoprotein. The name was first used by Raphaël Dubois who invented the words luciferin and luciferase, for the substrate and enzyme, respectively. Both words are derived from the Latin word lucifer, meaning "lightbearer", which in turn is derived from the Latin words for "light" (lux) and "to bring or carry" (ferre). Luciferases are widely used in biotechnology, for bioluminescence imaging microscopy and as reporter genes, for many of the same applications as fluorescent proteins. However, unlike fluorescent proteins, luciferases do not require an external light source, but do require addition of luciferin, the consumable substrate.
Lyse AS
Lyse (named after Lysefjorden in Ryfylke) is an industrial and multi-utility company based in Jæren and Ryfylke, Norway. The company has a yearly normal production of 9.5 TWh of hydroelectric power, develops and maintains the power grid in 14 municipalities as well as deliver fiberoptic broadband (Altibox) and other telecommunication services, natural gas distribution, district heating, retailing and installation services. The company's head office is located in Stavanger, Norway.

The company is owned by the municipalities of Stavanger (45.74%), Sandnes (19.53%), Sola (8.74%), Time (5.83%), Klepp (4.23%), Hå (3.78%), Randaberg (3.28%), Eigersund (2.95%), Strand (2.53%), Hjelmeland (0.99%), Gjesdal (0.93%), Lund (0.71%), Bjerkreim (0.51%) and Kvitsøy (0.23%).

Lysefjord
Lysefjord or Lysefjorden is a fjord located in the Ryfylke area in Rogaland county in southwestern Norway. The 42-kilometre (26 mi) long fjord lies in the municipalities of Strand and Sandnes, about 25 kilometres (16 mi) east of the city of Stavanger.

The name means light fjord, and is said to be derived from the lightly coloured granite rocks along its sides.  It is particularly well known for the huge Preikestolen cliff overlooking the fjord, which is a major tourist destination for the region.  The fairly isolated village of Lysebotn lies at the eastern end of the fjord and the villages of Forsand and Oanes both lie at the western end of the fjord near the Lysefjord Bridge, the only crossing of the fjord.
Si Tu No Estas
Si Tu No Estas (If You're Not Here) is the fourth studio album by American Tejano music singer-songwriter Pete Astudillo. The album peaked at number 37 on the US Billboard Top Latin Albums chart. The title track is a tribute song to Selena, who was shot and killed on March 31, 1995, this is the second tribute song for the singer following "Como Te Extraño" (1995). Astudillo was a backup dancer and singer for her group Selena y Los Dinos. The title track was intended for the 1997 film soundtrack of Selena, but was shelved. "Si Tu No Estas" was nominated for Song of the Year at the 1998 Tejano Music Awards, while "No Le Niego" was nominated for Tejano Crossover Song of the Year.

Como Te Extraño
"Como Te Extraño" (English: How Much I Miss You) is a song recorded by American Tejano singer Pete Astudillo for his second studio album of the same name (1995). The song was released as the lead single by EMI Latin. It was composed by Astudillo and former Selena y Los Dinos band members; A.B. Quintanilla and Joe Ojeda. The recording is a tribute song for American Tejano singer Selena, who was killed in March 1995. Selena was the lead vocalist of Selena y Los Dinos, while Astudillo was the backup dancer of the group and occasional duet partner with Selena.

The song peaked at number two on the US Billboard Hot Latin Tracks and number-one on the US Billboard Regional Mexican Airplay chart, giving Astudillo his first and only number-one single. Astudillo performed the recording during the live televised concert, Selena ¡VIVE!, on April 5, 2005.
Flag of Guinea
The national flag of Guinea (French: drapeau national de la Guinée) is a triband of red, yellow, and green. It was adopted on 10 November 1958, with the publication of the country's first Constitution. It uses the Pan-African colours, partly as a nod to the flag of Ghana, whose president was a close associate of Sekou Toure, the first Guinean president. It is a tricolour resembling the flag of France, its former coloniser.

Imamate of Futa Jallon
The Imamate of Futa Jallon or Jalon (Arabic: إمامة فوتة جالون; Pular: Fuuta Jaloo or Fuuta Jalon فُوتَ جَلࣾو‎, 𞤊𞤵𞥅𞤼𞤢 𞤔𞤢𞤤𞤮𞥅), sometimes referred to as the Emirate of Timbo,: 50  was a West African Islamic state based in the Fouta Djallon highlands of modern Guinea. The state was founded in 1725 by a Fulani jihad and became part of French West Africa in 1896.

Over the course of the Imamate's existence, the region underwent a transformation from patriarchal, egalitarian animist societies to a hierarchal, segregationist, and aristocratic one, where Muslims (the rimbhè) received full rights and non-Muslims (the jiyabhe) constituted the slave class. The 19th century saw the golden age of Islam in Fouta Djallon, as the Imamate became a leading religious centre in West Africa.
Lee Joo-hyung
Lee Joo-hyung (born 5 March 1973) is a Korean former gymnast who competed in the 1992 Summer Olympics, in the 1996 Summer Olympics, and in the 2000 Summer Olympics.

His brother Lee Jang-hyung is also an artistic gymnast.

Koreans
Koreans are an East Asian ethnic group native to the Korean Peninsula. The majority of Koreans live in the two Korean sovereign states of North and South Korea, which are collectively referred to as Korea. As of 2021, an estimated 7.3 million ethnic Koreans resided outside of Korea. Koreans are also an officially recognised ethnic minority in other several Continental and East Asian countries, including China, Japan, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Uzbekistan. Outside of Continental and East Asia, sizeable Korean communities have formed in Germany, the United Kingdom, France, the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand.