hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kosmos 1024
Kosmos 1024 (Russian: Космос 1024 meaning Cosmos 1024) was a Soviet US-K missile early warning satellite which was launched in 1978 as part of the Soviet military's Oko programme. The satellite was designed to identify missile launches using optical telescopes and infrared sensors.

Kosmos 1024 was launched from Site 43/3 at Plesetsk Cosmodrome in the Russian SSR. A Molniya-M carrier rocket with a 2BL upper stage was used to perform the launch, which took place at 02:59 UTC on 28 June 1978. The launch successfully placed the satellite into a molniya orbit. It subsequently received its Kosmos designation, and the international designator 1978-066A. The United States Space Command assigned it the Satellite Catalog Number 10970.

Podvig says that moved from its orbital position in October 1979.

Early warning system
An early warning system is a warning system that can be implemented as a chain of information communication systems and comprises sensors, event detection and decision subsystems for early identification of hazards. They work together to forecast and signal disturbances that adversely affect the stability of the physical world, providing time for the response system to prepare for the adverse event and to minimize its impact.

To be effective, early warning systems need to actively involve the communities at risk, facilitate public education and awareness of risks, effectively disseminate alerts, and warnings and ensure there is constant state of preparedness. A complete and effective early warning system supports four main functions: risk analysis, monitoring and warning; dissemination and communication; and a response capability.
Doug Pelfrey
William Douglas Pelfrey (born September 25, 1970) is an American former professional football player who was a placekicker for the Cincinnati Bengals of the National Football League (NFL). He was selected by the Bengals in the eighth round of the 1993 NFL draft. Pelfrey played college football for the Kentucky Wildcats.

Kentucky Wildcats football
The Kentucky Wildcats football program represents the University of Kentucky in the sport of American football. The Wildcats compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Southeastern Conference (SEC). The Wildcats play their home games at Kroger Field in Lexington, Kentucky and are led by first-year head coach Will Stein.
Above and Beyond: The Encyclopedia of Aviation and Space Sciences
Above and Beyond: The Encyclopedia of Aviation and Space Sciences was the first attempt at creating an encyclopedia of all matters related to the history, technology and aims of the aerospace industry as it existed in the late 1960s. Published in 1967 by New Horizons Publishers, Inc., of Chicago, this fourteen-volume collection was aimed primarily at teens and young adults.

Aerospace manufacturer
An aerospace manufacturer is a company or individual involved in the various aspects of designing, building, testing, selling, and maintaining aircraft, aircraft parts, missiles, rockets, or spacecraft. Aerospace is a high technology industry.

The aircraft industry is the industry supporting aviation by building aircraft and manufacturing aircraft parts for their maintenance.  This includes aircraft and parts used for civil aviation and military aviation. Most production is done pursuant to type certificates and Defense Standards issued by a government body. This term has been largely subsumed by the more encompassing term: "aerospace industry".
Drominagh
Drominagh  (Drom Aidhneach  in Irish) is a townland in the Barony of Ormond Lower, County Tipperary, Ireland. It is located in the civil parish of Terryglass, near Borrisokane. It is here that the Ballyfinboy River enters Lough Derg. Eugene Esmonde, a recipient of the Victoria Cross, was from Drominagh.

Terryglass
Terryglass (Irish: Tír Dhá Ghlas, meaning 'land of the two streams') is a village in County Tipperary, Ireland. It is on the north-eastern shore of Lough Derg, near where the River Shannon enters the lough, on the R493 road. Terryglass is also a civil parish in the historical barony of Ormond Lower, and an ecclesiastical parish in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Killaloe.
Sherani District
Sherani or Shirani (Urdu: ضلع شیرانی) is a rural district in the Zhob Division of Balochistan province in Pakistan. The district is located within the Sulaiman Mountain Range, whose highest peak, Takht-e-Sulaiman, reaches the height of 3,487 metres (11,440 ft).

As of the 2023 census, it had a population of 191,687 people. Villages (also known as Dargah) in the district include: Ahmadi Dirga (also spelled as Ahmedi Dergga), Karama, Zarkai Landawar, Shinghar, Tsappar Kili, and Manikhawa (also known as Mani Kwa).

Early Jurassic
The Early Jurassic Epoch (in chronostratigraphy corresponding to the Lower Jurassic Series) is the earliest of three epochs of the Jurassic Period. The Early Jurassic starts immediately after the Triassic–Jurassic extinction event, 201.3 Ma (million years ago), and ends at the start of the Middle Jurassic 174.7 ±0.8 Ma.

Certain rocks of marine origin of this age in Europe are called "Lias" and that name was used for the period, as well, in 19th-century geology. In southern Germany rocks of this age are called Black Jurassic.
R. Cengiz Ertekin
R. Cengiz Ertekin  is a professor of Marine Hydrodynamics and Ocean Engineering. He currently holds a guest professor position at Harbin Engineering University of China. He is best known for his contributions to the development of nonlinear water wave theories, hydroelasticity of very large floating structures (VLFS), wave energy, and tsunami and storm impact on coastal bridges. He is also the co-developer, along with Professor H. Ronald Riggs of the University of Hawaiʻi, of the computer program HYDRAN for solving linear fluid-structure interaction problems of floating and fixed bodies.

Dynamics (mechanics)
In classical mechanics, dynamics  is the study of forces and their effect on motion. It is in contrast to statics, which deals with forces on objects at rest. The fundamental principle of dynamics is linked to Newton's second law.
Cynthia J. Popp
Cynthia J. Popp (born May 6, 1962) is an American television director and producer on the soap opera The Bold and the Beautiful. She produced music videos for John McCook, Bobbie Eakes and Jeff Trachta and The Wiggles. Beside working on daytime, Popp directed two episodes of Frasier.

Television director
A television director is in charge of the activities involved in making a television program or section of a program. They are generally responsible for decisions about the editorial content and creative style of a program, and ensuring the producer's vision is delivered. Their duties may include selecting cast members, conduct rehearsals, work with set designers, location scouts and art directors, originating program ideas, finding contributors, writing scripts, planning 'shoots', ensuring safety, leading the crew on location, directing contributors and presenters, and working with editors and music supervisors to assemble and make sure the final product meets the producer and director's vision. The work of a television director can vary widely depending on the nature of the program, the practices of the production company, whether the program content is factual or drama, and whether it is live or recorded.
Allegheny Aqueduct
Allegheny Aqueduct, also known as Gibraltar Aqueduct, is a historic stone aqueduct located at Robeson Township in Berks County, Pennsylvania. It was built in 1824 and is about 260-foot-long (79 m) and 70-foot-wide (21 m). It was built as part of the Schuylkill Navigation Company canal system to carry canal boats across the Allegheny Creek. It is supported by a stone arch bridge structure with five spans.  The aqueduct was in operation until 1928 and drained in 1967.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.

Aqueduct (water supply)
An aqueduct is a watercourse constructed to carry water from a source to a distribution point far away. In modern engineering, the term aqueduct is used for any system of pipes, ditches, canals, tunnels, and other structures used for this purpose. The term aqueduct also often refers specifically to a bridge carrying an artificial watercourse.

Aqueducts were used in ancient Greece, the ancient Near East, ancient Rome, ancient Aztec, and ancient Inca. The simplest aqueducts are small ditches cut into the earth. Much larger channels may be used in modern aqueducts. Aqueducts sometimes run for some or all of their path through tunnels constructed underground. Modern aqueducts may also use pipelines. Historically, agricultural societies have constructed aqueducts to irrigate crops and supply large cities with drinking water.
Riek de Raat
Hendrika Geertruida (Riek) Milikowski-de Raat (6 December 1918, Amsterdam,  - 5 August 2018 in Eext) was a Dutch communist, resistance fighter and painter who specialised in realism and symbolism with a focus on figures. De Raat's work is exhibited at the Stedelijk Museum in Amsterdam and Museum De Lakenhal in Leiden as well as internationally.

Artistic symbol
In works of art, literature, and narrative, a symbol is a concrete element like an object, character, image, situation, or action that suggests or hints at abstract, deeper, or non-literal meanings or ideas. The use of symbols artistically is symbolism. In literature, such as novels, plays, and poems, symbolism goes beyond just the literal written words on a page, since writing itself is also inherently a system of symbols.

Artistic symbols may be intentionally built into a work by its creator, which in the case of narratives can make symbolism a deliberate narrative device. However, it also may be decided upon by the audience or by a consensus of scholars through their interpretation of the work. Various synonyms exist for this type of symbol, based on specific genre, artistic medium, or domain: visual symbol, literary symbol, poetic symbol, etc.
NGO2.0
NGO 2.0 project is designed to enhance the digital and social media literacy of grassroots NGOs in the underdeveloped regions of China. The Project was launched by Prof Jing Wang, in collaboration with the University of Science and Technology of China, NGO Communication Net, Friends of Nature, Sun Yat-sen University, and Ogilvy & Mather Beijing and Shanghai. In 2011, Tsinghua University's Future Media Center joined the partnership. Secondary partners include Naranda Foundation, MilwardBrown, and CreditEase Co. (2010-2011).

The project is volunteer based. It delivers an open mapping platform and an open NGO community complete with Creative Commons licensed Web 2.0 training courses and a Chinese software guide to the best tools and best practices for nonprofits.

Friends of Nature
Friends of Nature (international abbreviation: NFI, for German: Naturfreunde International) is a non-profit organisation with a background in the social democratic movement, which aims to make the enjoyment of nature accessible to the wider community by providing appropriate recreational and travel facilities. It encourages sustainable tourism and international friendship.

It is also known as Naturfreunde (German), Les Amis de la Nature (French), Amici della Natura (Italian), La Naturamikoj (Esperanto), and Natuurvrienden or NIVON (Dutch).
Děti Země
Děti Země (Children of the Earth – COE) is a Czech citizens' association for environmental protection.

COE was founded in September 1989, shortly before the Velvet revolution in Czechoslovakia, as an unofficial initiative of several ecological activists in Prague. Czech environmentalists Jindřich Petrlík, Miroslav Patrik, Ivo Šilhavý, Jiří Macas and Tomáš Fajkus were among founders of the association.

In the last two decades Dětí Země lobbied for ozone layer protection, sustainable transport and air quality, among other issues. Major focus of Děti Země since 2001 were environmental aspects of building new highways, in particular through České středohoří mountains. Their headquarters also moved to Plzeň.

Members of the Honorary Board are Jiří Dědeček, Erazim Kohák, Vladimír Merta, Zdeněk Thoma, Jaroslav Pavlíček and Jan Vodňanský. Ivan Dejmal, ex-dissident (Charta 77) and the first Czech Minister of Environment was a longtime supporter of COE.

Jiří Dědeček
Jiří Dědeček (born 13 February 1953 Karlovy Vary) is a Czech musician, songwriter, poet, translator, writer and author of numerous radio and television programs.

Dědeček is a president of the Czech PEN Centre.
Woman (Doja Cat song)
"Woman" is a song by American rapper and singer Doja Cat from her third studio album Planet Her (2021). It has been described as an Afrobeats track infused with pop, R&B, and reggae inflections, with the lyrical themes of divine femininity and feminism. After gaining popularity in Europe, where it entered the top 10 in countries like Greece, France, Denmark, Switzerland, Lithuania and Portugal, the song impacted Italian radio airplay as the album's fourth single on October 1, 2021. It was sent to American mainstream and rhythmic contemporary radios on December 14, 2021. The song was a sleeper success, spending several months on the charts before slowly climbing to the top 10. For the chart dated May 7, 2022, the song reached number seven on the Billboard Hot 100, nearly a year after it debuted.

Sleeper hit
In the entertainment industry, a sleeper hit is a film, television series, music release, video game or other entertainment product that was initially unsuccessful on release, but eventually became a surprise success. A sleeper hit may have had little to no promotion or lack a successful launch, but gradually develops a fandom and spreads via word of mouth, media coverage, or unexpected internet virality. As Variety puts it, "A 'sleeper hit' can be defined as the kind of show that catches us by surprise—programs whose popularity grows over time and can ultimately outshine the preordained hits."

A sleeper hit often lacks star performers or high production values, but prevails, at times against its makers' expectations, on the strength of such qualities as narrative, approach, or novelty, as well as market accidents. Sleeper hit films benefit theater owners because they keep a larger percentage of the money from ticket sales.
Haryanto Prasetyo
Haryanto Prasetyo (born 3 April 1978) is an Indonesian football player and manager who previously plays as midfielder for Persebaya Surabaya, Pelita Jaya FC, Persijatim, Persijap Jepara, PSS Sleman, Persiku Kudus and the Indonesia national team.

Sriwijaya F.C.
Sriwijaya Football Club (Indonesian pronunciation: [sriwiˈd͡ʒaja]), commonly known as Sriwijaya FC or simply SFC, is an Indonesian professional football club based in Palembang, South Sumatra. The club competes in the Championship, the second tier of Indonesian football. But they will compete in the Liga Nusantara next season, following relegation from the 2025–26 season.

Founded on 23 October 2004, the team play their home games at Gelora Sriwijaya Stadium, which has a capacity of 23,000 spectators. The club won its first major honour, the Liga Indonesia Premier Division, in 2008. In the same season the club also won the Copa Indonesia, making them the first and only club in Indonesia to ever achieve the double. Sriwijaya have a fierce rivalry with nearby club Semen Padang, with whom they contest the Andalas derby.
Raphael Augusto
Raphael Augusto Santos da Silva (born 6 March 1991) is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Bangladesh Premier League club Bashundhara Kings . Known for midfield skills, he enjoyed success in India and Bangladesh, most notably by winning two Indian Super League titles with Chennaiyin.

Bashundhara Kings
Bashundhara Kings (Bengali: বসুন্ধরা কিংস) is a professional football club based in Bashundhara Residential Area, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The club competes in the Bangladesh Premier League, the top tier of the Bangladesh football league system. The club was established in 2013 and debuted in Bangladesh Premier League during the 2018–19 season. The club is owned and managed by Bashundhara Group.
Foley Park Halt railway station
Foley Park Halt was the first stop on the GWR Kidderminster to Bewdley loop line which now forms part of the Severn Valley Railway. It was located in the Kidderminster suburb of Foley Park where the railway went under the A451 Stourport Road. Facilities included a single wooden platform, a ticket booth and a Pagoda Platform Shelter.

Kidderminster
Kidderminster is a market town and civil parish in Worcestershire, England, 18 miles (29 km) south-west of Birmingham and 15 miles (24 km) north of Worcester. Located north of the River Stour and east of the River Severn, in the 2021 census, it had a population of 57,400. The town is twinned with Husum, Germany.

Situated in the far north of Worcestershire (and with its northern suburbs only 3 and 4 miles from the Staffordshire and Shropshire borders respectively), the town is the main administration centre for the wider Wyre Forest District, which includes the towns of Stourport-on-Severn and Bewdley, along with other outlying settlements.
Progress 2
Progress 2 (Russian: Прогресс 2) was an unmanned Progress cargo spacecraft launched by the Soviet Union in 1978 to resupply the Salyut 6 space station. It used the Progress 7K-TG configuration, and was the second Progress mission to Salyut 6. It carried supplies for the EO-2 crew aboard Salyut 6, as well as equipment for conducting scientific research, and fuel for adjusting the station's orbit and performing manoeuvres.

Serial number
A serial number (SN) is a unique identifier used to uniquely identify an item, and is usually assigned incrementally or sequentially.

Despite being called serial "numbers", they do not need to be strictly numerical and may contain letters and other typographical symbols, or may consist entirely of a character string.
1888 Maine gubernatorial election
The 1888 Maine gubernatorial election was held on September 10, 1888, in order to elect the Governor of Maine. Republican nominee and former Treasurer of Maine Edwin C. Burleigh defeated Democratic nominee and former Mayor of Portland William LeBaron Putnam, Prohibition nominee Volney B. Cushing and Labor nominee William H. Simmons.

Maine State Treasurer
The Maine State Treasurer is a constitutional officer of the U.S. state of Maine.

The office is authorized by Article V, Part Third of the Maine Constitution. The Treasurer is chosen by the Maine Legislature in joint session for a two-year term; the officeholder can serve no more than four consecutive terms. Responsibilities of the Treasurer's Office include providing financial services for all state agencies, issuing bonds and managing the State's debt, as well as holding unclaimed property and working to return it to its rightful owners. The Treasurer is also an ex officio member of several state boards and agencies.

Governor Paul LePage proposed in 2015 to change the selection process to a gubernatorial appointment that would be confirmed by the Legislature. In 2023, state Republicans called for the State Treasurer to be elected by popular vote. Neither change passed and the State Treasurer continues to be selected by the Legislature.
Japanese submarine Ro-108
Ro-108 was an Imperial Japanese Navy Ro-100-class submarine. Completed and commissioned in April 1943, she served in World War II, operating in the Solomon Islands campaign, the New Guinea campaign — during which she sank the United States Navy destroyer USS Henley (DD-391) — and off the Admiralty Islands. She was sunk in May 1944 during her fifth war patrol.

Arawe
Arawe is an island in Papua New Guinea. It is located on the southern coast of New Britain about 100 kilometres (62 mi) from Cape Gloucester. It is also the name given to the island's surrounding area (also known as Cape Merkus), which consists of around 40 islands.

The region is primarily inhabited by the Arawe people, who maintain trade with other people groups primarily via water. There are also multiple archaeological sites featuring Lapita structures and goods.

A small harbour known as Arawe Harbour provides an anchorage. During World War II, Japanese and Allied forces fought in the Battle of Arawe for control of the region.
1931–32 Toronto Maple Leafs season
The 1931–32 Toronto Maple Leafs season was Toronto's 15th season in the NHL.  Coming off their best regular season in team history in 1930–31, the club set team records in wins and points, with 23 and 53 respectively, finishing in second place in the Canadian Division and making the playoffs for the second year in a row for the first time since the 1920–21 and 1921–22 seasons. Toronto then won three playoff rounds to win the Stanley Cup, their first as the Maple Leafs, and third in the history of the franchise.

1921–22 Toronto St. Patricks season
The 1921–22 Toronto St. Patricks season was the fifth season of the Toronto NHL franchise, third as the St. Patricks. This was the first time the team made the playoffs in back to back years in franchise history. The St. Patricks would win the NHL championship and the Stanley Cup.
Taskino
Taskino (Russian: Таскино) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Putyatinsky Selsoviet of Mazanovsky District, Amur Oblast, Russia. The population was 290 as of 2018. There are 11 streets.

Amur Oblast
Amur Oblast (/əˈmʊər ˈɒblæst/) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast), located on the banks of the Amur and Zeya rivers in the Russian Far East. The oblast borders Heilongjiang province of the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the south.

The administrative center of the oblast, the city of Blagoveshchensk, is one of the oldest settlements in the far east of the country, founded in 1856. It is a traditional center of trade and gold mining. The territory is accessed by two railways: the Trans-Siberian Railway and the Baikal–Amur Mainline. As of the 2021 Census, the oblast's population was 766,912.
Ategumia nalotalis
Ategumia nalotalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Schaus in 1924. It is found in Ecuador.

The wingspan is about 30 mm. The forewings are dark purple drab with yellow markings. The hindwings are yellow, the lines and termen broadly cupreous dark purple drab.

William Schaus
William Schaus (January 11, 1858, in New York City – June 20, 1942) was an American entomologist who became known for his major contribution to the knowledge and description of new species of the Neotropical Lepidoptera.
2025 ASEAN U-23 Championship final
The 2025 ASEAN U-23 Championship final was a football match that took place on 29 July 2025 at Gelora Bung Karno Stadium in Jakarta, Indonesia, to determine the winners of the 2025 ASEAN U-23 Championship. The match was contested by defending champions Vietnam and Indonesia, which repeated the
2023 final in Rayong, Thailand.

Vietnam won the match 1–0 after for their third consecutive ASEAN U-23 Championship and their third title overall. Nguyễn Công Phương scored to put Vietnam's lead in the final until full time.

Nguyễn Đình Bắc was named player of the match in the aftermath, with the game having attended by ASEAN Football Federation (AFF) president Khiev Sameth, Vietnam Football Federation (VFF) president Trần Quốc Tuấn and Football Association of Indonesia (PSSI) president Eric Thohir.

Indonesia national under-23 football team
The Indonesia national under-23 football team (Indonesia: Tim Nasional Sepak Bola Indonesia U-23) is considered to be the feeder team for the Indonesia national football team, represents Indonesia at football in the Olympic Games, Asian Games and Southeast Asian Games, as well as any other under-23 international football tournaments including the AFC U-23 Asian Cup. It is controlled by the Football Association of Indonesia (PSSI).

This team was founded when the Olympic football was changed to an under-23 competition, and is also managed as under-22 team while it doesn't play in major competitions.