hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jim Berryman
Jim Berryman (born February 17, 1947) is a politician from the U.S. state of Michigan. He is the former mayor of Adrian, Michigan. He previously served as a member of the Michigan Senate, where he represented the 11th district from 1991 to 1994, and the 17th district from 1995 to 1998. He served as mayor of Adrian, Michigan, from 1985 to 1990. He is a Democrat and was the first one ever to be elected to the Michigan Senate from Lenawee County. Again, in 2013 Berryman was elected mayor of Adrian (2013-2017).

Michigan Senate
The Michigan Senate is the upper house of the Michigan Legislature. Along with the Michigan House of Representatives, it composes the state legislature, which has powers, roles and duties defined by Article IV of the Michigan Constitution, adopted in 1963. The primary purpose of the Legislature is to enact new laws and amend or repeal existing laws.

The Michigan Senate is composed of 38 members, each elected from a single-member district with a population of between approximately 212,400 to 263,500 residents. Legislative districts are drawn on the basis of population figures, provided by the federal decennial census. In January 2023, Democrats took the majority with 20 seats to Republicans' 18 seats. The Senate chamber is located in the State Capitol building.
Chowdhury Moyezuddin Biwshash
Chowdhury Moyezuddin Biwshash (1840–1923) was a Bengali Muslim merchant and aristocrat from Faridpur District, British India. Belonging to a zamindar clan of the area, he built a personal fortune of landholdings in Bengal, the Punjab and Arabia.

Aristocracy (class)
The aristocracy (from Greek ἀριστοκρατία aristokratía, "rule of the best"; Latin: aristocratia) is historically associated with a "hereditary" or a "ruling" social class. In many states, the aristocracy included the upper class with hereditary rank and titles. They are usually below only the monarch of a country or nation in its social hierarchy.
What's Up Doods?
What's Up Doods? is a Philippine television talk show broadcast by TV5. Hosted by Edu Manzano, it aired from September 14 to December 21, 2013.

Launched on September 14, 2013, What's Up Doods? is one of the 8 newly launched weekend programs under the "Weekend Do It Better" block of the network.

The show ends its Season 1 last December 21, 2013 with the episode feature some of the interviews from prominent personalities on the show.

TV5 (Philippine TV network)
TV5 is a Philippine free-to-air commercial broadcast television and radio network based in Mandaluyong, Metro Manila, with additional studios and transmitter facilities in Novaliches, Quezon City, serving as the flagship property of TV5 Network Inc., which owns and operates the network, is a subsidiary of MediaQuest Holdings, which is controlled by telecommunications company PLDT, Inc.

TV5's main television station, DWET-TV, broadcasts on VHF Channel 5 for analogue broadcasting, UHF Channel 18 for digital, and UHF Channel 51 for digital test transmission. The latter is licensed to its sister company, Mediascape/Cignal TV. The network owns and operates seven TV stations and has 14 selected affiliate stations across the Philippines.

TV5's programming is available throughout the Philippines, and its content can be accessed internationally via satellite through Kapatid Channel International, AksyonTV International, and PBA Rush.
Vesele, Donetsk Raion, Donetsk Oblast
Vesele (Ukrainian: Веселе; Russian: Весёлое) is a village in Donetsk Raion (district in Donetsk Oblast of Ukraine, at 9.2 km NW from the centre of Donetsk city. It is designated administratively as part of Yasynuvata urban hromada. The settlement borders from north with a runway of the former Donetsk airport.

Donetsk Raion
Donetsk Raion (Ukrainian: Донецький район, romanized: Donetskyi raion; Russian: Донецкий район) is a prospective raion (district) of Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine. It was formally created in July 2020 as part of the reform of administrative divisions of Ukraine. The center of the raion is in the city of Donetsk. Population: 1,484,514 (2022 estimate). Most of the area of the raion is occupied by Russia, which continues to use the old, pre-2020 administrative divisions of Ukraine. Much of the raion was occupied by Russian-controlled militias during the Donbas war until the village of Kruta Balka was the only unoccupied locality. In the 2022 Russian invasion, the remainder was occupied.
Yabakei, Ōita
Yabakei (耶馬溪町, Yabakei-machi) was a town located in Shimoge District, Ōita Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 5,215 and the density of 28.39 persons per km2. The total area was 183.70 km2.

On March 1, 2005, Yabakei, along with the towns of Hon'yabakei and Yamakuni, and the village of Sankō (all from Shimoge District), was merged into the expanded city of Nakatsu.

An area of lush forests and mountains, Yabakei was known for its beautiful autumn leaves. It also was home to the Aonodōmon, a legendary tunnel said to have been dug through solid rock by a single man over 30 years, and Rakanji, a famous mountain temple.

Rakan-ji
Rakan-ji (羅漢寺) is a Sōtō temple in Nakatsu, Oita Prefecture, Japan. The temple stands on the mountainside of Mt. Rakan, the rocky cliff of which has countless mouths of caves. The main gate and the main hall stand directly in the rocky cliff. In the caves, over 3,700 stone Buddhas are enshrined.

The temple was established in 1337, but it was destroyed by fire in 1943. The present main hall was reconstructed in 1969.
Schwinger parametrization
Schwinger parametrization is a technique for evaluating loop integrals which arise from Feynman diagrams with one or more loops. It is named after Julian Schwinger, who introduced the method in 1951 for quantum electrodynamics.

Julian Schwinger
Julian Seymour Schwinger (/ˈʃwɪŋər/; February 12, 1918 – July 16, 1994) was an American theoretical physicist. He shared the 1965 Nobel Prize in Physics with Richard Feynman and Shin'ichirō Tomonaga "for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics (QED), with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles". He developed a relativistically invariant perturbation theory, and renormalized QED to one loop order. Schwinger was a physics professor at several universities.

Schwinger is recognized as an important physicist, responsible for much of modern quantum field theory, including a variational approach, and the equations of motion for quantum fields. He developed the first electroweak model, and the first example of confinement in 1+1 dimensions. He is responsible for the theory of multiple neutrinos, Schwinger terms, and the theory of the spin-3/2 field. He shared the inaugural Albert Einstein Award with Kurt Gödel.
James Phillip Barnes
James Phillip Barnes (March 7, 1962 – August 3, 2023) was an American murderer and self-identified serial killer who was executed by the state of Florida for the 1988 rape and murder of Patricia Miller. After converting to Islam and saying that he wanted to clear his conscience, he confessed to the murder in 2005, while already serving a life sentence for the 1997 murder of his wife.

In 2012, Barnes was featured in the first episode of Werner Herzog's television series On Death Row, in which he was interviewed by Herzog at Florida State Prison. He then sent Herzog a written confession to the unsolved murders of Chester Wetmore and Brenda Fletcher in 1986 and 1991, respectively. He was not charged in either case.

Conversion to Islam
Conversion to Islam, also known within Islam as reversion, is adopting Islam as a religion or faith. Conversion requires a formal statement of the shahādah, the credo of Islam, whereby the prospective convert must state that "there is none worthy of worship in truth except Allah and Muhammad is the messenger of Allah". Proselytism of the faith is referred to as "dawah", and missionary efforts have been promoted since the dawn of the religion in the 7th century.
Declan Maxwell
Declan Maxwell (1980 or 1981) is a former Gaelic footballer from County Leitrim, Ireland. Playing at both midfield and forward positions, Maxwell was a panel member of the Leitrim county football team from 2002. He won the Leitrim "County Player of the Year" in 2009.

He is a former member of the Drumreilly club, with whom he won the Leitrim Intermediate Football Championship in 2007. He moved to the Tara Gaels club in London in 2011, becoming unavailable for selection for Leitrim.

Selector (sport)
In some team sports, a selector is a member of a selection panel which chooses teams or individuals to represent a country or club or other representative team in sporting competitions.

For example, a selector in cricket is an administrative position involved in choosing players to represent a particular team in a match. Or, in Gaelic games a selector (sometimes referred to by the Irish term roghnóir) is a person who helps pick a team to represent a club or county team.

Selectors may be past players, but can also be current coaches. Current captains may also have an influence.
White ghost catshark
The white ghost catshark (Apristurus aphyodes) is a shark of the catshark family Pentanchidae, the deepwater catsharks. This shark is found in deep water in the northeast Atlantic between latitudes 57°N and 58°N.
A deep-water catshark known from the eastern North Atlantic from depths of 1,014 to 1,800 m, it is known from only a limited number of specimens. It reaches a maximum of 54 cm or 1.7 ft total length which is a medium size for the Apristurus genus.

OSPAR Convention
The Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic or OSPAR Convention is the current legislative instrument regulating international cooperation on environmental protection in the North-East Atlantic. Work carried out under the convention is managed by the OSPAR Commission, which is made up of representatives of the Governments of the 15 signatory nations, and representatives of the European Commission, representing the European Union.
Osage Valley and Southern Kansas Railroad
The Osage Valley and Southern Kansas Railroad was chartered in 1857 by the Missouri Legislature to run from a point on the Pacific Railroad near present-day Tipton, Missouri, to Emporia, Kansas. The charter was modified in 1858 to include an extension north to Boonville, Missouri. Grading on the line was completed to Versailles, Missouri, in 1861, but was halted due to the American Civil War. After the war the Bonneville to Tipton portion was completed in 1868, and leased to the Pacific Railroad. In 1870, portions of the line were graded from Warsaw, Missouri, north to Cole Camp, Missouri.

Warsaw, Missouri
Warsaw is a city in and the county seat of Benton County, Missouri, United States. The population was 2,209 at the 2020 census.

Adjacent to the Osage River it is heavily tied to two major lakes on the river.  The uppermost reaches of Lake of the Ozarks is part of southwest city limits and the Truman Dam and Truman Reservoir are on its northwest side.
Michael G. Kessler
Michael G. Kessler (December 31, 1951 – June 6, 2017) was the founder and CEO of Kessler International, a United States-based forensic accounting, computer forensics and corporate investigations firm.

Kessler's credentials included Cr.FA (Certified Forensic Accountant), CFE (Certified Fraud Examiner), CICA (Certified Internal Controls Auditor), DABFA (Diplomate with the American Board of Forensic Accountants), and FABFE (Fellow status with the American Board of Forensic Examiners).

In January 2006 Kessler was elected chairman of the American Board of Forensic Accounting, an advisory board of the American College of Forensic Examiners.

Kessler died in June 2017.

Certified Fraud Examiner
The Certified Fraud Examiner (CFE) is a credential awarded by the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (ACFE) since 1989. Founded in 1988 by Joseph T. Wells, the ACFE association is a provider of anti-fraud training and education.
Arthur Verocai
Arthur Côrtes Verocai (born June 17, 1945) is a Brazilian composer, singer, and producer. He is best known for his 1972 self-titled debut album which garnered a cult following during the 2000s in the United Kingdom and the United States.

Gal Costa
Gal Maria da Graça Costa Penna Burgos (born Maria da Graça Costa Penna Burgos; 26 September 1945 – 9 November 2022), known professionally as Gal Costa (Brazilian Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈgaw ˈkɔstɐ] ⓘ), was a Brazilian singer of popular music. Twelve-times Brazilian Music Awards winner, she was one of the main figures of the tropicalia music scene in Brazil in the late 1960s and appeared on the acclaimed compilation Tropicália: ou Panis et Circencis (1968). She was described by The New York Times as "one of Brazil's greatest singers."
Military Aircraft HM-1
The Military Aircraft HM-1, derived from the earlier Hawks Miller HM-1 racing aircraft nicknamed "Time Flies", was an American prototype attack/observation aircraft. The HM-1 did not achieve production after the sole example was destroyed during testing.

Air racing
Air racing is a type of motorsport that involves airplanes or other types of aircraft that compete over a fixed course, with the winner either returning the shortest time, the one to complete it with the most points, or to come closest to a previously estimated time.
Wolfgang F. Danspeckgruber
Wolfgang Franz Danspeckgruber (February 4, 1956 – February 17, 2026) was an Austrian-born American academic who was the Founding Director of the Liechtenstein Institute on Self-Determination at Princeton University. He taught on issues of state, international security, self-determination, diplomacy and crisis diplomacy at Princeton's Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs and the Department of Politics from 1988. Danspeckgruber was also founder and chair of the Liechtenstein Colloquium on European and International Affairs, LCM, a private diplomacy forum.

Princeton School of Public and International Affairs
The Princeton School of Public and International Affairs (abbrev. SPIA; formerly the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs) is a professional public policy school at Princeton University. The school provides an array of comprehensive coursework in the fields of international development, foreign policy, science and technology, and economics and finance through its undergraduate (AB) degrees, graduate Master of Public Affairs (MPA), Master of Public Policy (MPP), and PhD degrees.
2025 Taiwanese recall votes
The 2025 Taiwanese recall votes refer to recall votes in Taiwan against 31 members of Legislative Yuan, one mayor, and one local councillor held in July and August 2025, predominately against politicians from the opposition Kuomintang (KMT) as a result of the massive petition known as the "Great Recall". The vote was framed by recall advocates as a push against the Chinese Communist Party and the People's Republic of China.

Under Taiwan's Public Officials Election and Recall Act, the recall vote would only pass if more than one-quarter of all eligible voters in the constituency cast favourable votes; when a recall is not passed, the same person cannot be recalled for the remainder of the term in office.

All attempts to recall members of the opposition KMT failed. Both the main wave of recall votes on 26 July and the second on 23 August were unsuccessful, with a majority of voters rejecting to recall them in each case.

Wang Hung-wei
Wang Hung-wei (Chinese: 王鴻薇; born July 10, 1964) is a Taiwanese politician affiliated with the Kuomintang (KMT) who has served in the Legislative Yuan representing Taipei City Constituency III since 2023. She is the deputy secretary-general of the  Kuomintang legislative caucus.

Formerly a journalist, Wang was a New Party member from 2006 to early 2013, when she joined the Kuomintang. She was re-elected as a member of the Taipei City Council for five terms. Since 2017, she has also served as the deputy chairman of the Kuomintang Cultural Communication Committee. She succeeded Chiang Wan-an in a 2023 by-election, and was reelected to a full term in January 2024.
Pinus culminicola
Pinus culminicola, commonly known as Potosí pinyon or Potosí Piñón, is a pine in the pinyon pine group, native and endemic to northeast Mexico. The range is highly localised, confined to a small area of high summits in the northern Sierra Madre Oriental in Coahuila and Nuevo León, and only abundant on the highest peak, Cerro Potosí (3713 m). It occurs at very high altitudes, from 3000–3700 m, in cool, moist subalpine climate conditions.

Sierra Madre Oriental
The Sierra Madre Oriental (Spanish: [ˈsjera ˈmaðɾe oɾjenˈtal] ⓘ) is a mountain range located in northeastern Mexico. The Sierra Madre Oriental is part of the American Cordillera, a chain of mountain ranges (cordillera) that consists of an almost continuous sequence of mountain ranges that form the western "backbone" of North America, Central America, South America, and Antarctica.
Doris Gutiérrez
Doris Alejandrina Gutiérrez (born 21 August 1947) is a Honduran lawyer and politician who served as Second Vice President of Honduras from 2022 to 2026. She was previously a representative in the National Congress of Honduras belonging to the Innovation and Unity Party.

Innovation and Unity Party
The Innovation and Unity Party—Social Democracy (Spanish: Partido Innovación y Unidad Social Demócrata, PINU-SD) is a social democratic political party in Honduras, established in 1970. PINU was created by Miguel Andonie Fernández as a democratic, moderate left-wing alternative to the two major parties and the military regime. The party's request to be recognized as an official political party in Honduras was established in 1978. The party describes itself as, "a progressive and plural party that governs with transparency to achieve social justice, solidarity and the comprehensive development of Honduras in harmony with the environment." The party currently holds no seats in Congress, but held at least one seat in Congress from 1981-1985 and 1993-2021. Since the 2025 Elections, PINU came back in the National Congress but this time with 2 Seats.
1965 Durban rail accident
On 4 October 1965, during the Apartheid in South Africa, a passenger train of the South African Railways with up to 1500 black commuters onboard derailed, killing 87 of them.

As ‘revenge’ the passengers lynched a signalman and beat up another railwayman. Thousands of local black people came together in a protest march towards the disaster scene. It was estimated 100,000 attended the funeral of the 87 black workers.

It was the deadliest railway accident in South Africa.

Signalman
A signalman is a rank who makes signals using flags and light. The role has evolved and now usually uses electronic communication equipment. Signalmen usually work in rail transport networks, armed forces, or construction (to direct heavy equipment such as cranes).
USS Achilles
At least two United States Navy ships have borne the name Achilles, in honor of the Greek hero Achilles:

The first USS Achilles (1869) was the name briefly given to the monitor USS Modoc (1865) on 15 June 1869.

The second USS Achilles (ARL-41) was an LST-1-class tank landing ship converted into an Achelous-class repair ship. Initially commissioned on 30 January 1943 and decommissioned on 19 July 1946, she was sold to the Chinese. The ship received three engagement stars for her World War II service: one as LST-455 and two as Achilles (ARL-41).

Auxiliary ship
An auxiliary ship is a naval ship designed to support combatant ships and other naval operations. Auxiliary ships are not primary combatant vessels, though they may have some limited combat capacity, usually for purposes of self-defense.

Auxiliary ships are extremely important for navies of all sizes because if they were not present the primary fleet vessels would be unsupported. Thus, virtually every navy maintains an extensive fleet of auxiliary ships, however, the composition and size of these auxiliary fleets vary depending on the nature of each navy and its primary mission. Smaller coastal navies tend to have smaller auxiliary vessels focusing primarily on littoral and training support roles, while larger blue-water navies tend to have larger auxiliary fleets comprising longer-range fleet support vessels designed to provide support far beyond territorial waters.
Sean Anthony (historian)
Sean Williams Anthony is a historian specializing in the areas of Quranic studies, Early Islam & Late Antiquity, and classical Arabic literature. He is currently Professor in the Department of Near Eastern and South Asian Languages and Cultures at Ohio State University in the United States, and he previously taught at the University of Oregon. He obtained both his Master of Arts and PhD from Chicago State University. He is also the current Executive Director of the Journal of the International Quranic Studies Association (JIQSA).

Quranic studies
Quranic studies is the academic study of the Quran, the central religious text of Islam. Like in biblical studies, the field uses and applies a diverse set of disciplines and methods, such as philology, textual criticism, lexicography, codicology, literary criticism, comparative religion, and historical criticism.

Quranic studies has three primary goals. The first goal is to understand the original meaning, sources, history of revelation, and the history of the recording and transmission, of the Quran. The second is to trace how the Quran was received by people, including how it was understood and interpreted (exegesis), throughout the centuries. The third is a study and appreciation of the Quran as literature independently of the other two goals.
Made in the Manor
Made in the Manor is the fifth studio album by English rapper Kano. The album was released on 4 March 2016 by Parlophone Records and Bigger Picture Music. It is Kano's first album release for six years following Method to the Maadness (2010), featuring guest appearances from Wiley, Giggs, Jme and Damon Albarn. The production was handled by frequent collaborators Mikey J, Fraser T Smith, Blue May and Damon Albarn, alongside Jodi Milliner, Kwes, Mele, Rustie, Sam Beste, Swifta Beater and Zeph Ellis.

The album received positive reviews from critics and entered the UK Albums Chart at number 8, becoming Kano's highest-charting album in his career. It was shortlisted for the Mercury Prize in 2016. It also won 'Best Album' in the 2016 MOBO Awards.

Jme
Jamie Adenugalistenⓘ (born 4 May 1985), known professionally as Jme, is an English grime MC, songwriter, record producer, rapper and DJ. He is the co-founder of the crew and label Boy Better Know. He also serves as a sole owner and director of an associated company, Boy Better Know Limited, which he incorporated in 2008. He was previously part of the grime collective Meridian Crew and later Roll Deep alongside his older brother, Skepta.
Northern Provinces
The Northern Provinces of South Africa is a biogeographical area used in the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD). It is part of the WGSRPD region 27 Southern Africa. The area has the code "TVL". It includes the South African provinces of Gauteng, Mpumalanga, Limpopo (Northern Province) and North West, together making up an area slightly larger than the former Transvaal Province.

Transvaal (province)
The Province of Transvaal (Afrikaans: Provinsie van Transvaal), commonly referred to as the Transvaal (/ˈtrɑːnsvɑːl, ˈtræns-/; Afrikaans: [transˈfɑːl]), was a province of South Africa from 1910 until 1994, when a new constitution subdivided it following the end of apartheid. The name "Transvaal" is from the Latin prefix trans, which means across from, or on the other side. Hence, Transvaal refers to the province's geographical location to the north of the Vaal River. Its capital was Pretoria, which was also the country's executive capital.