hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Joe Gray
John Joe Gray (born c. 1950) is an American who identified as a sovereign citizen and was a fugitive from the law. He lived on his 50-acre, wooded ranch in Trinidad, Texas. He was involved in the longest-running law enforcement standoff in American history, lasting a few days short of 15 years, before the district attorney dropped the charges.

Trinidad, Texas
Trinidad is a city in Henderson County, Texas, United States, near the Trinity River from which the town's name was derived. Its population was 860 at the 2020 census, down from 886 at the 2010 census.

During the Spanish Texas period, the town was known as Santísima Trinidad de Salcedo. (See Gutiérrez–Magee Expedition.)
2003 Swale Borough Council election
The 2003 Swale Borough Council election took place on 1 May 2003 to elect members of Swale Borough Council in Kent, England. One third of the council was up for election and the Conservative Party stayed in overall control of the council.

After the election, the composition of the council was:

Conservative 25

Labour 11

Liberal Democrats 11

Borough status in the United Kingdom
Borough status is granted by royal charter to local government districts in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. The status is purely honorary, and does not give any additional powers to the council or inhabitants of the district. In Scotland, similarly chartered communities were known as royal burghs, although the status is no longer granted.
2000 Jordan League
The 2000 Jordan League was the 49th season of Jordan Premier League, the top-flight league for Jordanian association football clubs. The championship was won by Al-Faisaly, while Al-Fuheis  and Sahab were relegated. A total of 10 teams participated.

Sahab SC
Sahab SC (Arabic: نادي سحاب الرياضي) is football club in Jordan. It currently competes in the Jordanian Second Division League, the third tier of Jordanian football.

Formed in Amman in 1972, the club is based in and represents the Sahab district.
Esther Titilayo Akinlabi
Esther Titilayo Akinlabi listenⓘis a Nigerian academic who is  professor of mechanical engineering at Colorado State University. She served as the deputy faculty pro vice chancellor for research and knowledge exchange at the Faculty of Engineering and Environment of Northumbria University, Newcastle, United Kingdom. Prior to that, she was the director of the Pan African University for Life and Earth Sciences Institute (PAULESI) in Nigeria. She was the head of department of Mechanical Engineering Science, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment at the University of Johannesburg, South Africa.  She was also the vice dean for teaching and learning there. She is a member of Organization for Women in Science for the Developing World and a fellow of the African Academy of Sciences.

University of Johannesburg
The University of Johannesburg, colloquially known as UJ, is a public university located in Johannesburg, South Africa. The University of Johannesburg was established on 1 January 2005 as the result of a merger between the Rand Afrikaans University (RAU), the Technikon Witwatersrand (TWR) and the Soweto and East Rand campuses of Vista University. Prior to the merger, the Daveyton and Soweto campuses of former Vista University had been incorporated into RAU. As a result of the merger of Rand Afrikaans University (RAU), it is common for alumni to refer to the university as RAU.

The institution is one of the largest comprehensive contact universities in South Africa from the 26 public universities that make up the higher education system. UJ has a student population of more than 50,000, of whom more than 3,000 are international students from 80 countries.
Landsteiner
Landsteiner is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Karl Landsteiner (1868–1943), Austrian-American biologist and physician
Landsteiner, a tiny, bowl-shaped lunar impact crater
Donath-Landsteiner syndrome
Landsteiner-Wiener antigen system

Karl Landsteiner
Karl Landsteiner ForMemRS (German: [kaʁl ˈlantˌʃtaɪnɐ]; 14 June 1868 – 26 June 1943) was an Austrian-American biologist, physician, and immunologist. He emigrated with his family to New York in 1923 at the age of 55 for professional opportunities, working for the Rockefeller Institute.

He had distinguished the main blood groups in 1901, having developed the modern system of classification of blood groups from his identification of the presence of agglutinins in the blood. In 1937, with Alexander S. Wiener, he identified the Rhesus factor, thus enabling physicians to transfuse blood without endangering the patient's life. With Constantin Levaditi and Erwin Popper, he discovered the polio virus in 1909. He received the Aronson Prize in 1926. In 1930, he received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. He was posthumously awarded the Lasker Award in 1946, and has been described as the father of transfusion medicine.
Mathieu Lindon
Mathieu Lindon (born 9 August 1955) is a French journalist and writer. He is the youngest son of the publisher Jérôme Lindon (who discovered Marguerite Duras and died in 2001), and the first cousin of actor Vincent Lindon. He won the Médicis Prize in 2011.

Marguerite Duras
Marguerite Germaine Marie Donnadieu (French: [maʁɡ(ə)ʁit ʒɛʁmɛn maʁi dɔnadjø], 4 April 1914 – 3 March 1996), known as Marguerite Duras (French: [maʁɡ(ə)ʁit dyʁas]), was a French novelist, playwright, screenwriter, essayist, and experimental filmmaker. Her script for the film Hiroshima mon amour (1959) earned her a nomination for Best Original Screenplay at the Academy Awards.
Jay Caufield
John Jay Caufield (born July 17, 1960) is an American former ice hockey right winger. He played in the National Hockey League with the New York Rangers, Minnesota North Stars, and Pittsburgh Penguins from 1987 to 1993. With the Penguins he won the Stanley Cup in 1992.

Minnesota North Stars
The Minnesota North Stars were a professional ice hockey team in the National Hockey League (NHL) for 26 seasons, from 1967 to 1993. The North Stars played their home games at the Met Center in Bloomington, Minnesota, and the team's colors for most of its history were green, yellow, gold and white. The North Stars played 2,062 regular season games and made the NHL playoffs 17 times, including two Stanley Cup Final appearances, where they were defeated by the New York Islanders in 1981 and the Pittsburgh Penguins in 1991. After the 1992–93 season, the franchise moved to Dallas, and the team was renamed the Dallas Stars.
2014 Speedway Grand Prix of Latvia
The 2014 Speedway Grand Prix of Latvia sponsored by Rietumu Bank, was the eighth round of the 2014 Speedway Grand Prix season (the world championship). It took place on 17 August at the Stadium Lokomotīve in Daugavpils, Latvia.

It was the sixth time that the Speedway Grand Prix of Latvia had been held.

The Grand Prix was by the Polish rider Krzysztof Kasprzak (his second career Grand Prix win). Darcy Ward failed a pre-meeting alcohol breath test before the event and received an immediate ban.

Krzysztof Kasprzak
Krzysztof Kasprzak ([ˈkʐɨʂtɔf ˈkaspʐak] ⓘ; born 18 July 1984 in Leszno, Poland) is a Polish international motorcycle speedway rider, who became World Under-21 Champion in 2005 and won the silver medal during the 2014 Speedway Grand Prix. He also won five World team titles and He earned 13 international caps for the Poland national speedway team.
Dodge C series
The Dodge C series is a line of pickup trucks sold by Dodge from 1954 until 1960. It replaced the Dodge B series of trucks and was eventually supplanted by the Dodge D series, introduced in 1961. Unlike the B series, which were closely related to Dodge's prewar trucks, the C series was a complete redesign. Dodge continued the "pilot house" tradition of high-visibility cabs with a wrap-around windshield introduced in 1955. A two-speed "PowerFlite" automatic transmission was newly available that year. The Dodge Town Panel and Town Wagon also used the new design.

Chrysler PowerFlite transmission
PowerFlite is a two-speed automatic transmission engineered and produced by the Chrysler Corporation and used in their passenger cars from 1954 to 1961. Production began in late 1953 and the simple and durable PowerFlite remained available on Plymouths and Dodges through the 1961 model year.
Kojibiose
Kojibiose is a disaccharide. It is a product of the caramelization of glucose. It is also present in honey (approx. 3%).

Kojibiose has a mild sweet taste, but low calorie count. In combination with its prebiotic properties, kojibiose could function as a sugar substitute. However, kojibiose is hard to synthesize on an industrial scale.
Recently, two enzyme approaches transforming sucrose and lactose or sucrose and glucose into kojibiose have been developed, potentially solving the synthetization problem.

Caramelization
Caramelization (or caramelisation) is a process of browning of sugar used extensively in cooking for the resulting butter-like flavor and brown color. The brown colors are produced by three groups of polymers: caramelans (C24H36O18), caramelens (C36H50O25), and caramelins (C125H188O80). As the process occurs, volatile chemicals such as diacetyl (known for its intense butter-like taste) are released, producing the characteristic caramel flavor.

Like the Maillard reaction, caramelization is a type of non-enzymatic browning. Unlike the Maillard reaction, caramelization is  pyrolytic, as opposed to being a reaction with amino acids.

When caramelization involves the disaccharide sucrose, it is broken down into the monosaccharides fructose and glucose.
Vijay Jhappan
Vijay Jhappan (born 30 March 1975) is a former British Virgin Islands cricketer. Jhappan was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace.

In 2006, the British Virgin Islands were invited to take part in the 2006 Stanford 20/20, whose matches held official Twenty20 status. Jhappan made a single appearance in the tournament against Saint Lucia in a preliminary round defeat, with Jhappan being run out for a duck by Mervin Charles.

Run out
Run out is a method of dismissal in cricket, in which the fielding team put down the wicket of a batter who is outside their ground, usually because they are trying to score a run.

Run out is governed by Law 38 of the laws of cricket. If the batter is judged run out, the run does not count and the bowler does not get credit for the wicket.

A run out can also be effected when the batters are not attempting a run if one of them leaves the crease when the ball is not dead. Some such dismissals cause controversy because they challenge long-established — but not universal — conventions about the spirit of the game.
Batriyya
Batriyya or Butriyya (Arabic: بترية, adjective form Batrī) or Batrism is an early branch of Zaydī Islam.

The Batriyya were a group of moderates who emerged in Kūfa and played a significant role in the formation of early Zaydism in the 8th century. They held positions similar to those of Zayd ibn ʿAlī, and their theological positions and practices represented a middle ground between Shīʿa factions and proto-Sunnism. The Batriyya were instrumental in shaping the early Zaydī movement alongside Jārūdiyya, which embraced the activist agenda of other Shīʿī groups.

Ahl al-Bayt
Ahl al-Bayt (Arabic: أهل البيت, lit. 'people of the house') refers to the family of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. In Sunni Islam, the term has also been extended to all descendants of the Banu Hashim (Muhammad's clan) and even to all Muslims. In Shia Islam, the term is limited to Muhammad, his daughter Fatima, his cousin and son-in-law Ali, and their two sons, Ḥasan and Ḥusayn. A common Sunni view adds the wives of Muhammad to these five.

While all Muslims revere the Ahl al-Bayt, Shia Muslims assert that members of the Ahl al-Bayt are spiritual successors to Muhammad, possessing divine knowledge and infallibility. The Twelver Shiʿa also believe in the redemptive power of the pain and martyrdom endured by the members of the Ahl al-Bayt, particularly Husayn. Sunni Muslims, who do not believe in spiritual succession to Muhammad, only hold the Ahl al-Bayt in high regard.
TT169
The Theban Tomb TT169 is located in Dra' Abu el-Naga', part of the Theban Necropolis, on the west bank of the Nile, opposite to Luxor. It is the burial place of the ancient Egyptian Senna, who was the head of the goldworkers of Amun during the reign of Amenhotep II in the Eighteenth Dynasty.

Senna was the son of Sensonb and Tanub and his wife was named Maetka. His wife was a Divine Adoratrice of Amun.

The tomb consists of a hall and a passage. The hall is decorated with scenes and has texts on its vaulted ceiling. The passage contains scenes depicting Senna and his wife, an opening of the mouth scene and a daughter offering to Senna, his wife Tanub and his parents.

Divine Adoratrice of Amun
The Divine Adoratrice of Amun (Egyptian: dwꜣt nṯr n jmn) was a second title – after God's Wife of Amun – created for the chief priestess of the ancient Egyptian deity Amun. During the first millennium BCE, when the holder of this office exercised her largest measure of influence, her position was an important appointment facilitating the transfer of power from one pharaoh to the next, when his daughter was adopted to fill it by the incumbent office holder. The Divine Adoratrice ruled over the extensive temple duties and domains, controlling a significant part of the ancient Egyptian economy.
Liiva-Putla Nature Reserve
Liiva-Putla Nature Reserve is a nature reserve situated on Saaremaa island in western Estonia, in Saare County.

Liiva-Putla Nature Reserve is one of only five nature reserves in Europe created for the protection of fungi. Estonian mycologist Erast Parmasto was one of the main people behind its creation. Today it forms part of the EU-wide Natura 2000-network and contains twelve rare species of fungi.

Mycology
Mycology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of fungi, including their taxonomy, genetics, biochemical properties, and use by humans. Fungi can be a source of tinder, food, traditional medicine, as well as entheogens, poison, and infection. Yeasts are among the most heavily utilized members of the fungus kingdom, particularly in food manufacturing.

Mycology branches into the field of phytopathology, the study of plant diseases. The two disciplines are closely related, because the vast majority of plant pathogens are fungi. A biologist specializing in mycology is called a mycologist.
Administrative divisions of Leningrad Oblast
Administratively, Leningrad Oblast is divided into seventeen districts and a town of oblast significance, Sosnovy Bor. Lomonosovsky District is the only one in Russia which has its administrative center (the town of Lomonosov) located in the area of a different subject of Russian Federation (the federal city of Saint Petersburg, which is not a part of Leningrad Oblast).

In terms of the area, the biggest administrative district is Podporozhsky District (7,706 square kilometres (2,975 sq mi)); the smallest one is Lomonosovsky District (1,919 square kilometres (741 sq mi)).

Lomonosov, Russia
Lomonosov (Russian: Ломоно́сов; before 1948: Oranienbaum, Ораниенба́ум) is a municipal town in Petrodvortsovy District of the federal city of Saint Petersburg, Russia, located on the southern coast of the Gulf of Finland, 40 kilometers (25 mi) west of Saint Petersburg proper. Population: 42,505 (2010 census); 37,776 (2002 census). Lomonosov is the site of the 18th-century royal Oranienbaum park and palace complex, notable as being the only palace in the vicinity of Saint Petersburg that was not captured by Nazi Germany during World War II.
Southern highland tree frog
The southern highland tree frog (Dryophytes euphorbiaceus) is a species of frog in the family Hylidae endemic to Mexico. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland, intermittent rivers, and intermittent freshwater marshes.
It is threatened by habitat loss.

Hylidae
Hylidae is a wide-ranging family of frogs commonly referred to as "tree frogs and their allies". However, the hylids include a diversity of frog species, many of which do not live in trees, but are terrestrial or semiaquatic.
LD&ECR Class C
The LD&ECR class C (LNER Class G3) was a class of 0-4-4T steam locomotives of the Lancashire, Derbyshire and East Coast Railway.

Six were built in 1897–98. They were the LD&ECR's only true passenger locomotives. They normally ran between Chesterfield Market Place and Lincoln and occasionally to the Midland Railway station in Sheffield. In later years five moved to the Sheffield area, with one transferring to Ardsley.

All were scrapped between 1931 and 1935.

Sheffield station
Sheffield station (formerly Pond Street and later Sheffield Midland) is a combined railway station and tram stop in Sheffield, England; it is the busiest station in South Yorkshire, and the third busiest in Yorkshire & the Humber, after Leeds and York. Adjacent is the South Yorkshire Supertram stop.
Jhamak Ghimire
Jhamak Kumari Ghimire (Nepali: झमक कुमारी घिमिरे; born 4 July 1980) is a Nepalese writer. She was born with cerebral palsy and writes with her left foot. She is a columnist at the Kantipur newspaper. She had been awarded the Madan Puraskar (the most popular award given to the writer for their contribution in Nepalese Literature) for her auto-biography Jiwan Kada Ki Phool (Is Life a Thorn or Flower). In addition, Ghimire was awarded by Kabita Ram Bal Sahitya Prativa Puraskar (2015), Aswikrit Bichar Sahitya Puraskar (2016), and Madan Purashkar (2010).

Jhamak Kumari Ghimire was born on 21 Ashad 2037 B.S (Nepali date).

Literature of Nepal
Nepali literature (Nepali: नेपाली साहित्य) is the literature of Nepal. This is distinct from Nepali literature, which is the literature in only Nepali language (Khas kura). The major literary languages of Nepal are:
Shooting at the 1908 Summer Olympics – Men's disappearing target small-bore rifle
The men's disappearing target small-bore rifle was one of 15 events on the Shooting at the 1908 Summer Olympics programme. Regulation of the equipment used in the event was done through allowing the use of .22 or .297/.230 caliber ammunition. Magnifying and telescopic sights were prohibited. The target used was a three-quarter length silhouette, 4 inches high and 1.5 wide. It would appear at a distance of 25 yards for three seconds and then disappear for five until it had been seen a total of 15 times. A hit on the upper two-thirds of the figure counted for 3 points, while any other hit counted for 1. The maximum score was thus 45 points. Each nation could enter up to 12 shooters.

8 shooters scored the maximum possible score. The method of breaking the tie is unknown.

.22 caliber
.22 caliber, or 5.6 mm, refers to a common firearms bore diameter of 0.22 inch (5.6 mm) in both rimfire and centerfire cartridges.

Cartridges in this caliber include the very widely used .22 Long Rifle and .223 Remington/5.56×45mm NATO.

.22 inch is also a popular air gun pellet caliber, second only to the ubiquitous .177 caliber.
Transition metal alkene complex
In organometallic chemistry, a transition metal alkene complex is a coordination compound containing one or more alkene ligands. The inventory is large. Such compounds are intermediates in many catalytic reactions that convert alkenes to other organic products.

Cyclooctatetraene
1,3,5,7-Cyclooctatetraene (COT) is an unsaturated derivative of cyclooctane. It is a colorless flammable liquid at room temperature. COT is an antiaromatic compound as it possesses 8 π electrons. In contrast to the aromaticity commonly seen in benzene rings; antiaromaticity destabilises the COT molecule. This destabilisation effect is so strong that COT avoids it by adopting a non-planar 'tub' conformation, which prevents all of the π orbitals from forming a single conjugated system. As a result, COT possesses significant polyene character and will undergo many reactions that benzene rings will not. This been the subject of much research and historically some controversy.
The Rumie Initiative
The Rumie Initiative (Rumie) is a non-profit based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The organization develops and delivers low-cost technology that enables the distribution of digital learning resources to communities with limited Internet access.

Digital learning
Digital learning can be defined as a process of learning that is mediated, or supported, by digital technologies. These have different forms, including online learning, mobile learning, blended learning, and any educational software and available resources used in teaching and learning. The main aim of digital learning is to utilize technology to enhance accessibility, flexibility, and individualization of learning.
Lund, Wisconsin
Lund is an unincorporated community located in two counties of the U.S. state of Wisconsin. The community lies on the county line between Pepin County, in the town of Pepin, and Pierce County, in the town of Maiden Rock, in central western Wisconsin, along the junctions of County Trunk Highway SS (CTH-SS), CTH-CC(formerly WIS 183), and CTH-J. Lund is approximately nine miles northwest of Pepin and six miles northeast of Stockholm, Wisconsin.

Stockholm, Wisconsin
Stockholm is a village in Pepin County, Wisconsin, United States, founded in 1854 by immigrants from Karlskoga, Sweden, who named it after their country's capital. The population was 78 at the 2020 census. The village is located within the Town of Stockholm.
Enzo Scionti
Enzo Scionti (born April 22, 2005) is an American racing driver who most recently competed in the  Formula Regional European Championship with Monolite Racing. He previously competed in the 2021 Euroformula Open Championship with Drivex School.

2021 Euroformula Open Championship
The 2021 Euroformula Open Championship was a multi-event motor racing championship for single-seater open wheel formula racing cars that was held across Europe. The championship featured drivers competing in Euroformula Open Championship specification Dallara 320 chassis cars. It was the eighth Euroformula Open Championship season.
Barka, Oman
Barka (Arabic: بَرْكَاء, romanized: Barkāʾ) is a coastal city and Wilayah (Province) in the Al Batinah South Governorate in northern Oman. Bordered by the Sea of Oman and the Hajar Mountains in southern Batinah, Barka is about a half-hour drive from As-Seeb and roughly an hour's drive from Al-Khuwair and Ruwi.

Wilayah
A wilayah (Arabic: وَلاية, romanized: walāya or wilāya, plural wilāyat, wilayat; Urdu, Pashto and Persian: ولایت, romanized: velâyat, welāyat; Turkish: vilayet) is an administrative division, usually translated as "state", "province" or occasionally as "governorate". The word comes from the Arabic root "w-l-y", "to govern": a wāli—"governor"—governs a wālāya (or wilāya), "that which is governed". Under the Caliphate, the term referred to any constituent near-sovereign state.
ROKS Donghae
ROKS Donghae is the name of two Republic of Korea Navy warships:

ROKS Donghae (PCC-751), a Donghae-class corvette from 1983 to 2009.

ROKS Donghae (FFG-822), a Daegu-class frigate which is expected to be commissioned in 2021.

Donghae-class corvette
The Donghae-class PCC (Patrol Combat Corvette) (Korean: 동해급 초계함; Hanja: 東海級哨戒艦) is the low-end complement of the high-low mix domestic naval construction plan of the Republic of Korea Navy under the 1st Yulgok Project (1974-1986) for the Republic of Korea Armed Forces. The ship is designed for patrolling maritime border, including the Northern Limit Line, protecting the littoral zone, and combating the North Korean vessels.

Since 1983, a total of 4 Donghae-class corvettes commissioned in the Republic of Korea Navy. The decommission of the class started in 2009, and is being replaced with series of FFX program. As of 2021, only 1 remains in service with the Colombian Navy.