hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Vasily Rozhdestvensky
Vasily Vasilyevich Rozhdestvensky (Василий Васильевич Рождественский) (May 12, 1884 – May 20, 1963) was a Russian and Soviet painter, graphic artist and educator, a founding member of Knave of Diamonds, regarded as one of important Russian modernist painters of the first half of the 20th century. Author of the book of memoirs Notes of an Artist (1963).

Valentin Serov
Valentin Alexandrovich Serov (Russian: Валенти́н Алекса́ндрович Серо́в; 19 January [O.S. 7 January] 1865 – 5 December 1911) was a Russian painter and draughtsman, generally considered the primary portraitist of his generation.
American Innovation and Competitiveness Act
The American Innovation and Competitiveness Act (AICA) is a United States federal law enacted in 2017 by President Barack Obama that aims to invest in cybersecurity and cryptography research. The legislation was initially introduced in the Senate by Cory Gardner (R-CO) and Gary Peters (D-MI). The legislation serves as a reauthorization of the 2010 America COMPETES Act that expired in 2013.

The legislation updates instructions to the National Science Foundation and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), with a director of security position being created in the latter. AICA supports the coordination of citizen science and crowdsourcing by Federal agencies to accomplish their missions.

Cory Gardner
Cory Scott Gardner (born August 22, 1974) is an American attorney and politician who served as a United States senator from Colorado from 2015 to 2021. A Republican, he was the U.S. representative for Colorado's 4th congressional district from 2011 to 2015 and a member of the Colorado House of Representatives from 2005 to 2011. As of 2025, he is the last Republican to serve Colorado in the U.S. Senate.

Gardner narrowly defeated Democratic incumbent Mark Udall in the 2014 Senate race. Gardner was chair of the National Republican Senatorial Committee from 2017 to 2019. After the 2018 midterm elections, he and University of Colorado Regent Heidi Ganahl became the only Republicans to hold statewide elected office in Colorado. Gardner ran for re-election in 2020, but lost to former Governor John Hickenlooper.

He currently serves as president of  NCTA - The Internet and Television Association, the trade group representing cable companies.
Convoy (1927 film)
Convoy is a 1927 American silent World War I drama film directed by Joseph C. Boyle and Lothar Mendes, starring Lowell Sherman and Dorothy Mackaill, and released through First National Pictures. The film is an early producing credit for the Halperin Brothers, Victor and Edward, later of White Zombie fame, and is the final screen appearance of Broadway stars Gail Kane and Vincent Serrano.

The Alfred Hitchcock film Notorious (1946) was based on the same story, originally published in The Saturday Evening Post.

Lothar Mendes
Lothar Mendes (19 May 1894 – 24 February 1974) was a German-born screenwriter and film director. His two best known films are Jew Süss (1934) and The Man Who Could Work Miracles (1936), both productions for British studios.
Joe Etzel Field
Joe Etzel Field is a 1,300 seat baseball stadium in Portland, Oregon that is home to the University of Portland Pilots baseball team. Previously named Pilot Field (Stadium), it was renamed after former coach and long-time school athletic director Joe Etzel. The stadium is located next to the university's other main athletic facilities, Merlo Field and the  Chiles Center.

Ballpark
A ballpark, or baseball park, is a type of sports venue where baseball is played. The playing field is divided into two field sections called the infield and the outfield. The infield is an area whose dimensions are rigidly defined in part based on the placement of bases, and the outfield is where dimensions can vary widely from ballpark to ballpark. A larger ballpark may also be called a baseball stadium because it shares characteristics of other stadiums.
2017–18 Vijay Hazare Trophy Group C
The 2017–18 Vijay Hazare Trophy was the 16th season of the Vijay Hazare Trophy, a List A cricket tournament in India. It was contested by the 28 domestic cricket teams of India. The following seven teams were drawn in Group C: Andhra, Goa, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Mumbai, Rajasthan and Tamil Nadu. In December 2017, the fixtures were brought forward to allow players to practice ahead of the 2018 Indian Premier League.

Mumbai cricket team
The Mumbai cricket team is a cricket team which represents Mumbai in Indian domestic cricket. It is governed by Mumbai Cricket Association. Its home ground is Wankhede Stadium in Mumbai.

The team also plays its home matches at Bandra Kurla Complex Ground and Brabourne Stadium. The team comes under the West Zone designation. It was formerly known as the Bombay cricket team, but changed its name when the city was renamed from Bombay to Mumbai.

Mumbai is the most successful team in the history of Ranji Trophy, India's premier domestic cricket competition, with 42 titles. Its most recent title was in 2023–24. It also has won 14 (and 1 shared) Irani Cups.

Mumbai has produced some of the greatest Indian cricketers of all time, such as Sachin Tendulkar, Sunil Gavaskar,  Ajinkya Rahane, Rohit Sharma, Shreyas Iyer, Vijay Merchant, Polly Umrigar, and Dilip Vengsarkar.
Shoshauna Routley
Shoshauna Routley (born 20 October 1986) is a Canadian professional racing cyclist. She rode in the women's team time trial at the 2015 UCI Road World Championships. Towards the end of 2015 Routley joined the Hagens Berman–Supermint team.

Shoshauna is married to Will Routley, retired men's pro cyclist last with the Rally Cycling Team in 2016.

Human Powered Health (men's team)
Human Powered Health (UCI team code: HPM) was a UCI ProTeam cycling team, based in the United States. Notable riders who have previously ridden for the team include Ben King, Chad Haga, Carter Jones, Phil Gaimon, Michael Woods, David Veilleux, Matthew Busche, Ryan Anderson, Mike Creed, Mike Friedman and Sepp Kuss.
Mergini
The sea ducks (Mergini) are a tribe of the duck subfamily of birds, the Anatinae. The taxonomy of this group is incomplete. Some authorities separate the group as a subfamily, while others remove some genera. Most species within the group spend their winters near coastal waters. Many species have developed specialized salt glands to allow them to tolerate salt water, but these are poorly developed in juveniles. Some of the species prefer riverine habitats. All but two of the 22 species in this group live in far northern latitudes.

The fish-eating members of this group, such as the mergansers and smew, have serrated edges to their bills to help them grip their prey and are often known as "sawbills". Other sea ducks forage by diving underwater, taking molluscs or crustaceans from the sea floor. The Mergini take on the eclipse plumage during the late summer and molt into their breeding plumage during the winter.

Smew
The smew (Mergellus albellus) is a species of duck and is the only living member of the genus Mergellus. The genus is closely related to Mergus and is sometimes included in it; genetic studies have shown that it is the sister taxon to Mergus and Lophodytes. The smew has hybridised with the common goldeneye (Bucephala clangula).
Robert L. Doughton
Robert Lee "Bob" Doughton (November 7, 1863 – October 1, 1954), of Alleghany County, North Carolina, sometimes known as "Farmer Bob", was a member of the United States House of Representatives from North Carolina for 42 consecutive years (1911–1953).  A Democrat originally from Laurel Springs, North Carolina, he was the dean of the United States House of Representatives for his last few months in Congress. He is the longest-serving member ever of the United States House of Representatives from the state of North Carolina. In the 1930s Doughton was a key player in the creation of the Blue Ridge Parkway and the passage of the Social Security Act.

According to one study, Doughton was part of a “hardy band of southern liberals in Congress” that was “inspired and directed” by Franklin Roosevelt’s leadership.

Laurel Springs, North Carolina
Laurel Springs is an unincorporated community in Alleghany County, North Carolina, United States. Laurel Springs is located at the junction of North Carolina Highway 18 and North Carolina Highway 88 near the Ashe County line, 10.2 miles (16.4 km) southwest of Sparta. The Blue Ridge Parkway also crosses the center of the community. Laurel Springs has a post office with ZIP code 28644.

The Robert L. Doughton House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.
Stay Woke: The Black Lives Matter Movement
Stay Woke: The Black Lives Matter Movement is a 2016 American television documentary film starring Jesse Williams about the Black Lives Matter movement, and the events that led to the uprising of the movement. The phrase "stay woke" refers to a continuing awareness of issues concerning social justice and racial justice and came to widespread use as a result of Black Lives Matter. The "Stay Woke" documentary gives a deeper understanding to how the movement came to be and what the movement believes.

The film debuted on BET on May 26, 2016.

Anti-racism
Anti-racism encompasses a range of ideas and political actions which are meant to counter racial prejudice, systemic racism, and the oppression of specific racial groups. Anti-racism is usually structured around conscious efforts and deliberate actions which are intended to create equal opportunities for all people on both an individual and a systemic level. As a philosophy, it can be engaged in by the acknowledgment of personal privileges, confronting acts as well as systems of racial discrimination and/or working to change personal racial biases. Major contemporary anti-racism efforts include the Black Lives Matter movement and workplace anti-racism.
Kyatanahalli
Kyatanahalli is a village in the Arsikere taluk of Hassan district in the state of Karnataka, India. It is about 28 km from Arsikere town. Arsikere is the central place for tourists visiting Belur (40 km), Halebidu (25 km), Mavuthanahalli (20 km), and Shravanabelagola (80 km).

Arsikere
Arasikere is a city and taluka in the Hassan district in the state of Karnataka, India. Arsikere also called as Siddara Nadu. It is the second largest city in Hassan district, demographically. Arsikere city municipal council consists of 35 wards. This region is known for its coconut production and is also called Kalpataru Nadu. Arsikere Junction is a major railway junction in the South Western Railway which links Mangalore, Bangalore and Mysore to North Karnataka and a central place for tourists who visit nearby places that do not have rail access, such as Belur, Halebidu and Shravanabelagola, Harnahalli, and Kodimata.
Michèle George
Michèle George (born 2 January 1974) is a Paralympic equestrian of Belgium. She won seven gold and one silver medal at the Paralympic Games.

She was named "Belgian Paralympian of the Year" twice: in 2014 and in 2022.

Para-equestrian
Para-equestrian is an equestrian sport governed by the International Federation for Equestrian Sports (FEI), and includes two competitive events. One is para-equestrian dressage, which is conducted under the same basic rules as conventional dressage, but with riders divided into different competition grades based on their functional abilities. The other is para-equestrian driving, which operates under the same basic rules as combined driving but places competitors in various grades based on their functional abilities.
Kristin Sigurdsdatter
Kristin Sigurdsdatter (ca. 1125–1178) was a Norwegian princess and mother of King Magnus V of Norway.

Kristin was a daughter of King Sigurd I of Norway and Malmfred of Kiev.  She married Erling Skakke (Erling Ormsson Skakke), a Norwegian nobleman who had earned his reputation crusading with Rögnvald Kali Kolsson, the Earl of Orkney. They had a son, Magnus Erlingsson.

Kristin was the only legitimate child of King Sigurd. In 1130, King Sigurd died with no legitimate sons. An illegitimate son, Magnus Sigurdsson (Magnus 4 Sigurdsson Blinde), became king of Norway jointly with his uncle Harald Gille. Harald Gille had four sons, Inge, Eystein, Sigurd and Magnus Haraldsson, all of whom became kings of Norway.

Following the death of King Inge in 1161, Kristin's son Magnus was crowned king at the age of eight. He ruled as king of Norway until his death in 1184.

Inge Haraldsson
Inge Haraldsson (Old Norse: Ingi Haraldsson; 1135 – 3 February 1161) was king of Norway (being Inge I) from 1136 to 1161. Inge’s reign fell within the start of the period known in Norwegian history as the civil war era, and he was never the sole ruler of the country. He is often known as Inge the Hunchback (Norwegian: Inge Krokrygg; Old Norse: Ingi krókhryggr), because of his physical disability.  However, this epithet does not appear in medieval sources.
Albert Vrana
Albert Vrana (1921–1994)
was an American sculptor who is best known for his mid-twentieth century monumental architectural sculptures done in the Modernist style, using novel materials, such as ferrocement, and new techniques, such as sand casting using plastic Styrofoam molds to shape sculptural concrete panels and metal sculptures.

Casting
Casting is a manufacturing process in which a liquid material is usually poured into a mold, which contains a hollow cavity of the desired shape, and then allowed to solidify. The solidified part is also known as a casting, which is ejected or broken out of the mold to complete the process. Casting materials are usually metals or various time setting materials that cure after mixing two or more components together; examples are epoxy, concrete, plaster and clay. Casting is most often used for making complex shapes that would be otherwise difficult or uneconomical to make by other methods. Heavy equipment like machine tool beds, ships' propellers, etc. can be cast easily in the required size, rather than fabricating by joining several small pieces. Casting is a 7,000-year-old process. The oldest surviving casting is a copper frog from 3200 BC.
Adil Atan
Adil Atan (Abkhaz: name Twanba, 1 January 1929 – 18 April 1989) was a Turkish wrestler. He was born in Adapazarı in the Sakarya Province. He was Olympic bronze medalist in Freestyle wrestling in 1952, and also competed at the 1956 Olympics.

Abkhazians
The Abkhaz people, sometimes referred to as the Abkhazians, are a Northwest Caucasian ethnic group native to Abkhazia—a disputed region on the northeastern coast of the Black Sea. A large Abkhaz diaspora population resides in Turkey, the origins of which lie in the Caucasian War in the late 19th century. Many Abkhaz also live in other parts of the former Soviet Union, particularly in Russia and Ukraine.
Nasal spray
Nasal sprays are used to deliver medications locally in the nasal cavities or systemically. They are used locally for conditions such as nasal congestion and allergic rhinitis. In some situations, the nasal delivery route is preferred for systemic therapy because it provides an agreeable alternative to injection or pills. Substances can be assimilated extremely quickly and directly through the nose. Many pharmaceutical drugs exist as nasal sprays for systemic administration (e.g. sedative-analgesics, treatments for migraine, osteoporosis and nausea). Other applications include hormone replacement therapy, treatment of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Nasal sprays are seen as a more efficient way of transporting drugs with potential use in crossing the blood–brain barrier.

Sedative
A sedative or tranquilizer is a substance that induces sedation by reducing irritability or excitement. They are central nervous system (CNS) depressants and interact with brain activity, causing its deceleration. Various kinds of sedatives can be distinguished, but the majority of them affect the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Most sedatives produce relaxing effects by increasing GABA activity.

This group is related to hypnotics. The term sedative describes drugs that serve to calm or relieve anxiety, whereas the term hypnotic describes drugs whose main purpose is to initiate, sustain, or lengthen sleep. Because these two functions frequently overlap, and because drugs in this class generally produce dose-dependent effects (ranging from anxiolysis to loss of consciousness), they are often referred to collectively as sedative–hypnotic drugs.
Wordsley
Wordsley is a suburban village in Stourbridge, which is in the West Midlands, England. It is part of the Metropolitan Borough of Dudley and is north of the River Stour. Wordsley is part of the Kingswinford and South Staffordshire Parliamentary constituency as of 2024. It is bordered by open Staffordshire countryside to the west, Kingswinford to the north, Brierley Hill to the east and Stourbridge to the south.

Metropolitan Borough of Dudley
The Metropolitan Borough of Dudley is a metropolitan borough of West Midlands, England. It was created in 1974 following the Local Government Act 1972, through a merger of the existing Dudley County Borough with the municipal boroughs of Stourbridge and Halesowen.

The borough's main settlement is Dudley but it also includes the outlying towns of Brierley Hill, Halesowen, Kingswinford, Lye, Netherton, Sedgley, and Stourbridge.

The borough borders Sandwell to the east, the city of Birmingham to the south east, Bromsgrove to the south in Worcestershire, South Staffordshire District to the west, and the city of Wolverhampton to the north.
Kwangmyong station (Kosan County)
Kwangmyŏng station (Korean: 광명역) is a railway station in Kwangmyŏng-ri, Kosan county, Kangwŏn province, North Korea, on the Kangwŏn Line of the Korean State Railway.

Originally called Sŏgwangsa station (Korean: 석왕사역; Hanja: 釋王寺驛), the station, along with the rest of the former Kyŏngwŏn Line, was opened by the Japanese on 16 August 1914. It was given its current name after the establishment of the DPRK.

Gyeongwon Line
The Gyeongwon Line is a railway line serving northeastern Gyeonggi Province in South Korea. The line is operated by Korail. The name of the line came from Gyeongseong (Seoul) and Wonsan, the original terminus of the line, in what is now North Korea.
Lucius D. Clay
Lucius Dubignon Clay (23 April 1898 – 16 April 1978) was a senior officer of the United States Army who was known for his administration of occupied Germany after World War II. He served as the deputy to General of the Army Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1945; deputy military governor, Germany, in 1946; Commander in Chief, United States Forces in Europe and military governor of the United States Zone, Germany, from 1947 to 1949. Clay orchestrated the Berlin Airlift (1948–1949) when the USSR blockaded West Berlin.

NORAD
The North American Aerospace Defense Command (commonly abbreviated to NORAD /ˈnɔːræd/ NΟR-ad; French: Commandement de la défense aérospatiale de l'Amérique du Nord; CDAAN) is a bi-national mutual defense organization in Canada and the United States. Established 12 September 1957 as the North American Air Defense Command, NORAD is headquartered at Peterson Space Force Base in Colorado, which also serves as the headquarters of United States Northern Command (USNORTHCOM).

During World War II, Canada contacted the United States for protection from Nazi aggression. Later, during the beginning of the Cold War, the U.S. and Canada formed a permanent military alliance.

NORAD has three regions: the Alaskan region, the Canadian region, and the American Continental region. The administrative offices are located in New Mexico and Arizona. NORAD has an alternate command center called Cheyenne Mountain Complex in Colorado. NORAD has a total of 1,000 soldiers, personnel and military dependents.
Fatoe Switie Mountains
Fatoe Switie Mountains (Dutch: Fatoe Switiegebergte) is a mountain range in the Sipaliwini District of Suriname. The highest peak is about 375 metres.

In 1902, Governor Cornelis Lely of Suriname decided that the Lawa Railway would be built by the government. The railway line would transport gold from the foot of the Fatoe Switie Mountains to Paramaribo. The proposed 350-kilometre (220 mi) railway line was only half completed from Paramaribo due to disappointing gold finds. As of 1998, Golden Star Resources has a base at Fatoe Switie for their gold mining operations which is located about 17-kilometre (11 mi) from Benzdorp.

Sipaliwini District
Sipaliwini is the largest district of Suriname, located in the south. Sipaliwini is the only district that does not have a regional capital, as it is directly administered by the national government in Paramaribo. Sipaliwini District includes disputed areas, with the southwestern region controlled and administered by Guyana, whereas the southeastern region is controlled by French Guiana, a part of France.
British Rail Class 320
The British Rail Class 320 is an electric multiple unit (EMU) passenger train found on the Strathclyde rail network in Central Scotland. They are mainly used on the North Clyde Line and the Argyle Line, but they can also be seen on Glasgow Central to Lanark, Cathcart Circle, Paisley Canal Line and Inverclyde Line services. The Class 320 uses alternating current (AC) overhead electrification.

Lanark
Lanark (/ˈlænərk/ LAN-ərk; Scottish Gaelic: Lannraig [ˈl̪ˠaun̪ˠɾɪkʲ]; Scots: Lanrik) is a town in South Lanarkshire, Scotland, located 20 kilometres to the south-east of Hamilton. The town lies on the River Clyde, at its confluence with Mouse Water. In 2020, the town had a population of 8,880.

Lanark was a royal burgh from 1140 to 1975, and was historically the county town of Lanarkshire, though in modern times this title belongs to Hamilton. Notable landmarks nearby include New Lanark, the Corra Linn and the site of Lanark Castle.

Lanark railway station and bus interchange have frequent services to Glasgow. There is little industry in Lanark and some residents commute to work in Glasgow and Edinburgh. Its shops serve the local agricultural community and surrounding villages. There is a large modern livestock auction market on the outskirts of the town.
Angelo Battelli
Angelo Battelli (28 March 1862 – 11 December 1916) was an Italian scientist, notable for having measured temperatures and heats of fusion of non-metallic substances, metallic conductivities and thermoelectric effects in magnetic metals, and the Thomson effect. He investigated osmotic pressures, surface tensions, and physical properties of carbon disulfide (CS2), water (H2O), and alcohols, especially their vapor pressures, critical points, and densities. He studied X-rays and cathode rays. He investigated the resistance of solenoids to high-frequency alternating currents.

Melting
Melting, or fusion, is a physical process that results in the phase transition of a substance from a solid to a liquid. This occurs when the internal energy of the solid increases, typically by the application of heat or pressure, which increases the substance's temperature to the melting point. At the melting point, the ordering of ions or molecules in the solid breaks down to a less ordered state, and the solid melts to become a liquid.

Substances in the molten state generally have reduced viscosity as the temperature increases. An exception to this principle is elemental sulfur, whose viscosity increases in the range of 130 °C to 190 °C due to polymerization.

Some organic compounds melt through mesophases, states of partial order between solid and liquid.