hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
George Colfax Baldwin
George Colfax Baldwin (October 21, 1817 – November 29, 1899) was an American Baptist clergyman.

George Colfax Baldwin was born on October 21, 1817 in Pompton Township, New Jersey.  He graduated from Madison University, Hamilton, New York, and was for many years pastor of the First Baptist Church in Troy, New York. He was author of Representative Women of the Bible (New York, 1855), Representative Men of the New Testament (1859), and The Model Prayer, a volume of lectures (Boston, 1870), and other works. George Colfax Baldwin died on 29 November 1899 in Troy.

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Wilson, J. G.; Fiske, J., eds. (1891). "BALDWIN, George Colfax". Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography. New York: D. Appleton.

James Grant Wilson
James Grant Wilson (April 28, 1832 – February 1, 1914) was an American editor, author, bookseller and publisher, who founded the Chicago Record in 1857, the first literary paper in that region. During the American Civil War, he served as a colonel in the Union Army. In recognition of his service, in 1867, he was named brevet brigadier general of volunteers to rank from March 13, 1865. He settled in New York, where he edited biographies and histories, was a public speaker, and served as president of the Society of American Authors and the New York Genealogical and Biographical Society.
Nova Scotia Route 302
Route 302 is a collector road in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia.

It is in Cumberland County and connects Amherst at Trunk 2 with Southampton at Trunk 2.  It is designated as part of the Fundy Shore Scenic Drive.

Collector road
A collector road or distributor road is a low-to-moderate-capacity road which serves to move traffic from local streets to arterial roads. Unlike arterials, collector roads are designed to provide access to residential properties. Rarely, jurisdictions differentiate major and minor collector roads, the former being generally wider and busier.
Winckelmann's Travels
Winckelmann's Travels (German: Winckelmanns Reisen) is a 1990 German drama film co-written and directed by Jan Schütte. It premiered  at the 47th edition of the Venice Film Festival, in the Venice International Film Critics' Week sidebar.

47th Venice International Film Festival
The 47th annual Venice International Film Festival was held from 4 to 14 September 1990.

American writer Gore Vidal was the Jury President of the main competition.

The Golden Lion winner was Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead directed by Tom Stoppard.
Château de Castelnau-Montratier
The Château de Castelnau-Montratier was originally a 13th-century castle in the commune of Castelnau-Montratier in the Lot département of France.

The château  has 13th century façade, built in stone and in which are three double windows, each surmounted by an arch resting on a sculpted capital.

The castle is privately owned. It has been listed since 1924 as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture.

Lot (department)
Lot (French pronunciation: [lɔt]; Occitan: Òlt [ɔl]) is a department in the Occitanie region of France. Named after the Lot River, it lies in the southwestern part of the country and had a population of 174,094 in 2019. Its prefecture is Cahors; its subprefectures are Figeac and Gourdon.
Augusta Confederate Monument
The Augusta Confederate Monument, also known as the Richmond County Confederate Monument,  is located in the median of the 700 block of Broad Street in downtown Augusta, Georgia, and is inscribed, in part “In Memoriam 'No nation rose so white and fair: None fell so pure of crime.' Our Confederate Dead.” The monument is seventy-six feet high on a granite base, topped by a shaft of Carrara marble. The monument was commissioned in 1875 by the Ladies Memorial Association of Augusta. It was designed by the architectural firm of VanGruder and Young of Philadelphia, built by the Markwalter firm of Augusta, carved by Antonio Fontana, and dedicated on October 31, 1878.

Around the base of the monument are the life size statues of four Southern generals in the American Civil War: Thomas R. R. Cobb, Stonewall Jackson, Robert E. Lee, and William H. T. Walker.

Ladies' Memorial Association
A Ladies' Memorial Association (LMA) is a type of organization for women that sprang up all over the American South in the years after the American Civil War. Typically, these were organizations by and for women, whose goal was to raise monuments in Confederate soldiers honor. Their immediate goal, of providing decent burial for soldiers, was joined with the desire to commemorate the sacrifices of Southerners and to propagate the Lost Cause of the Confederacy. Between 1865 and 1900, these associations were a formidable force in Southern culture, establishing cemeteries and raising large monuments often in very conspicuous places, and helped unite white Southerners in an ideology at once therapeutic and political.
Jamaïque Vandamme
Jamaïque Vandamme (born 1 August 1985 in Ostend) is a Belgian retired footballer who played as a winger. Since retiring from professional football, he has transitioned into a new role and is currently working as a Microsoft 365 consultant at Xylos NV.

Ostend
Ostend (/ɒstˈɛnd/ ost-END; Dutch: Oostende [oːstˈɛndə] ⓘ West Flemish: Ostende; French: Ostende [ɔstɑ̃d] ⓘ; lit. 'East End') is a coastal city and municipality in the province of West Flanders in the Flemish Region of Belgium. It comprises the boroughs of Mariakerke, Raversijde, Stene and Zandvoorde, and the city of Ostend proper – the largest on the Belgian coast.
Hiéron du Val d'Or
The Hiéron du Val d'Or (English: "Sanctuary of the Golden Valley") was a Catholic esoteric secret society in France, which existed from 1873 until 1926. It was founded by a Jesuit Victor Drevon and the half-Basque, half-Russian Alexis de Sarachaga. It was allied to concepts of royalism and was culturally conservative; it sought to erect a Catholic hermetic freemasonry, contrary to the anti-clerical freemasonry of Grand Orient de France and was particularly devoted to Christ the King.

Royalist
A royalist supports a particular monarch as head of state for a particular kingdom, or of a particular dynastic claim. In the abstract, this position is royalism. It is distinct from monarchism, which advocates a monarchical system of government, but not necessarily a particular monarch. Most often, the term royalist is applied to a supporter of a current regime or one that has been recently overthrown to form a republic.

In the United Kingdom, the term is currently almost indistinguishable from "monarchist", as there are no significant rival claimants to the throne. Conversely, in 19th-century France, a royalist might be either a Legitimist, Bonapartist, or an Orléanist, all being monarchists.
Ailill Angubae
Ailill Angubae according to the Lebor na hUidre version of the Irish mythological tale, the Wooing of Etain, is the brother of Eochaid Feidlech, a High King of Ireland. In this tale, Ailill fell in love with his brothers wife, Étaín, who was one of the Tuatha Dé Danann.

Lebor na hUidre
Lebor na hUidre (Middle Irish: [ˈl̠ʲeβoɾ n̪a ˈhuðʲɾʲe], LU) or the Book of the Dun Cow (MS 23 E 25) is an Irish vellum manuscript dating to the 12th century. It is the oldest extant manuscript in Irish. It is held in the Royal Irish Academy and is badly damaged: only 67 leaves remain and many of the texts are incomplete. It is named after an anachronistic legend that it was made from the hide of a dun cow by Saint Ciarán of Clonmacnoise.
Angel Marina
Angel Marina (born 1960) is an Australian former rugby league player.

Born in Spain, Marina moved to Australia with his family as a baby and grew up in Queanbeyan. He picked up rugby league while a pupil at the local Marist Brothers school and was a Queanbeyan Blues junior.

Marina, a winger, played his early first–grade with Queanbeyan and was a member of their Group 8 premiership team in 1981. He was a foundation player for the Canberra Raiders in 1982 and after breaking into the team mid–season finished the year with eight first–grade tries, which included two on debut against Penrith and a hat-trick to help the Raiders defeat St George. From 1983 onwards, Marina was largely restricted to reserve grade, where he topped Canberra's try–scoring in multiple seasons. He brought up his 100th game for the Raiders across the grades in 1985, becoming only the second player from the club to reach that milestone.

Queanbeyan
Queanbeyan (/ˈkwiːnbiən/ KWEEN-bee-ən) is a city in south-eastern New South Wales, Australia, located adjacent to the Australian Capital Territory in the Southern Tablelands region. Located on the Queanbeyan River, the city is the council seat of the Queanbeyan-Palerang Regional Council. At the 2021 census, the Queanbeyan part of the Canberra–Queanbeyan built-up area had a population of 37,511.

Queanbeyan's economy is based on light construction, manufacturing, service, retail and agriculture. Canberra, Australia's capital, is located 15 kilometres (9 miles) to the west, and Queanbeyan is a commuter town. The word Queanbeyan is the anglicised form of Quinbean or *Kuwinbiyan, a Ngarigo word meaning "clear waters".
Skalka (Prostějov District)
Skalka (German: Strerowitz) is a spa municipality and village in Prostějov District in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.

Skalka lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) south-east of Prostějov, 22 km (14 mi) south of Olomouc, and 212 km (132 mi) east of Prague.

Olomouc
Olomouc (Czech pronunciation: [ˈolomouts] ⓘ; German: Olmütz) is a city in the Czech Republic. It has about 103,000 inhabitants, making it the sixth largest city in the country. It is the administrative centre of the Olomouc Region.

Located on the Morava River, the city is the ecclesiastical metropolis and was a historical co-capital city of Moravia, before having been occupied by the Swedish army during the Thirty Years' War. The historic city centre is well preserved and is protected as urban monument reservation. The Holy Trinity Column was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2000 for its quintessential Baroque style and symbolic value.
Mountain Regional Library System
The Mountain Regional Library System (MRLS) is a public library system consisting of four branches in Fannin County, Towns County, and Union County, Georgia, United States.

MRLS is a member of PINES, a program of the Georgia Public Library Service that covers 53 library systems in 143 counties of Georgia. Any resident in a PINES supported library system has access to over 10.6 million books in the system's circulation. The library is also serviced by GALILEO, a program of the University System of Georgia which stands for "GeorgiA LIbrary LEarning Online". This program offers residents in supported libraries access to over 100 databases indexing thousands of periodicals and scholarly journals. It also boasts over 10,000 journal titles in full text.

Towns County, Georgia
Towns County is a county in the Northeast region of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 12,493. Its county seat is Hiawassee. The county was created on March 6, 1856, and named for lawyer, legislator, and politician George W. Towns.
Christopher M. Jeffries
Christopher Michael Jeffries is an American real estate developer, lawyer, and philanthropist who co-founded the national real estate firm Millennium Partners, known for the development of the Millennium Towers in New York, Boston, and San Francisco as well as the redevelopment of Hotel St. Moritz.

General Atlantic
General Atlantic Service Company, L.P., also known as GA, is an American growth equity firm providing capital and strategic support for global growth companies, headquartered in New York City. The firm was founded in 1980 as the captive investment team for Atlantic Philanthropies, a philanthropic organization founded by Charles F. Feeney, the billionaire co-founder of Duty Free Shoppers Ltd.

As of September 2025, General Atlantic has over $118 billion in assets under management and focuses on investments across five sectors, including Technology, Consumer, Financial Services, Healthcare, and Life Sciences. The firm has more than 900 professionals in 20 countries across five regions.

In June 2025, General Atlantic ranked 13th in Private Equity International's PEI 300 ranking among the world's largest private equity firms, compared to 15th the previous year.
Whisler Island
Whisler Island is an uninhabited island within Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut, Canada. An island within an island, it is located near the southern shore of Lake Hazen on Ellesmere Island within Quttinirpaaq National Park.

It was named for Private William Whisler, a member of the Lady Franklin Bay Expedition.

Lady Franklin Bay Expedition
The Lady Franklin Bay Expedition of 1881–1884 (a.k.a. the Greely Expedition) to Lady Franklin Bay on Ellesmere Island in the Canadian Arctic was led by Lieutenant Adolphus Greely, and was promoted by the United States Army Signal Corps. Its purpose was to establish a meteorological-observation station as part of the First International Polar Year, and to collect astronomical and magnetic data. During the expedition, two members of the crew reached a new Farthest North record, but of the original twenty-five men, only seven survived to return.

The expedition was under the auspices of the Signal Corps at a time when the corps' chief disbursements officer, Henry W. Howgate, was arrested for embezzlement. However, that did not deter the planning and execution of the voyage.
The Singles, Volume II: 1960–1963
The Singles, Volume II: 1960–1963 is the second compilation in a series of releases by Hip-O Select Records compiling the singles of James Brown. This compilation features all 7" single releases, including re-issues and cancelled singles. Many of the songs in this collection feature backing vocals by his singing group, The Famous Flames.

Hip-O Records
Hip-O Records is a record label that specializes in reissues and compilations. It is part of Universal Music Group. Established in 1996, the label has distributed releases from 'out of style' genres such as disco and early hip-hop music as well as publishing film soundtracks. The label's name is a pun on the name 'hippo'.
Silver Run Peak
Silver Run Peak (12,547 feet (3,824 m)) is in the Beartooth Mountains in the U.S. state of Montana. The peak is one of the tallest in the Beartooth Mountains, the sixth tallest in Montana, and is located in the Absaroka-Beartooth Wilderness of Custer National Forest. Silver Run Peak is the high point of the expansive Silver Run Plateau, a high-altitude plateau in the eastern Beartooth Mountains.

Custer National Forest
Custer National Forest is located primarily in the south central part of the U.S. state of Montana but also has separate sections in northwestern South Dakota. With a total area of 1,188,130 acres (4,808 km2), the forest comprises over 10 separate sections. While in the westernmost sections, Custer National Forest is a part of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, the easternmost sections are a combination of forest "islands" and grasslands. A portion of the forest is also part of the Absaroka-Beartooth Wilderness and constitutes over a third of the wilderness land. South of Red Lodge, Montana, the Beartooth Highway (U.S. 212) passes through the forest en route to Yellowstone National Park.

The eastern areas are dominated by large stands of ponderosa pine surrounded by grasslands, which are often leased to local ranchers for cattle grazing.
Harborth's conjecture
In mathematics, Harborth's conjecture states that every planar graph has a planar drawing in which every edge is a straight segment of integer length. This conjecture is named after Heiko Harborth, and (if true) would strengthen Fáry's theorem on the existence of straight-line drawings for every planar graph. For this reason, a drawing with integer edge lengths is also known as an integral Fáry embedding. Despite much subsequent research, Harborth's conjecture remains unsolved.

Graph drawing
Graph drawing is an area of mathematics and computer science combining methods from geometric graph theory and information visualization to derive two-dimensional (or, sometimes, three-dimensional) depictions of graphs arising from applications such as social network analysis, cartography, linguistics, and bioinformatics.

A drawing of a graph or network diagram is a pictorial representation of the vertices and edges of a graph. This drawing should not be confused with the graph itself: very different layouts can correspond to the same graph.  In the abstract, all that matters is which pairs of vertices are connected by edges.  In the concrete, however, the arrangement of these vertices and edges within a drawing affects its understandability, usability, fabrication cost, and aesthetics. The problem gets worse if the graph changes over time by adding and deleting edges (dynamic graph drawing) and the goal is to preserve the user's mental map.
October 2014 lunar eclipse
A total lunar eclipse occurred at the Moon’s descending node of orbit on Wednesday, 8 October 2014, with an umbral magnitude of 1.1670. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened. A total lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon's near side entirely passes into the Earth's umbral shadow. Unlike a solar eclipse, which can only be viewed from a relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on the night side of Earth. A total lunar eclipse can last up to nearly two hours, while a total solar eclipse lasts only a few minutes at any given place, because the Moon's shadow is smaller. Occurring about 2.2 days after perigee (on 6 October 2014, at 5:40 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.

This lunar eclipse is the second of a tetrad, with four total lunar eclipses in series, the others being on April 15, 2014; April 4, 2015; and September 28, 2015.

Tetrad (astronomy)
In astronomy, a tetrad is a set of four total lunar eclipses within two consecutive years.

The frequency of tetrads varies by century with the frequency of total lunar eclipses. This repeating cycle is called a tetradia. See Eclipse cycle for more information.
Apotrophia
Apotrophia or Apostrophia (Ancient Greek: Ἀποτροφία, romanized: Apotrophía (or Ἀποστροφία in modern texts); "the expeller" or "repeller") was an epithet of the Greek goddess Aphrodite, under which she was worshipped at Thebes, and which described her as the goddess who expelled from the hearts of men the desire after sinful pleasure and lust. Her worship under this name was believed to have been instituted by Harmonia, together with that of Aphrodite Urania and Pandemos, and the antiquity of her statues confirmed this belief.

Harmonia
In Greek mythology, Harmonia (/hɑːrˈmoʊniə/; Ancient Greek: Ἁρμονία /harmoˈnia/, "harmony", "agreement") is the goddess of harmony and concord. Her Greek opposite is Eris and her Roman counterpart is Concordia. Harmonia is most well-known for her marriage to Cadmus and the many misfortunes that haunted her descendants, particularly those related to the fabled Necklace of Harmonia.
Cairo Skywatch Tower
Cairo Skywatch Tower, also known as Delta Lima 3 Green Ground Observation Tower, is a historic watchtower located in Tippecanoe Township, Tippecanoe County, Indiana.  It was built in 1952, and is a 40-foot tall wooden structure.  It once had a glass-enclosed office.  It was the first officially commissioned rural skywatch tower by the United States Air Force's Civilian Ground Observation Corps under the Operation Skywatch program.: 5–6  In 1959, after the dissolution of the Civilian Ground Observation Corps, the watchtower was also abandoned.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.

Watchtower
A watchtower or guardtower (also spelled watch tower, guard tower) is a type of military/paramilitary or policiary tower used for guarding an area. Sometimes fortified, and armed with heavy weaponry, especially historically, the structures are built in areas of established control. These include military bases, cities occupied by military forces, prisons and more. A common equipment is searchlights.

It differs from a regular tower in that its primary use is military/policiary and from a turret in that it is usually a freestanding structure. Its main purpose is to provide a high, safe place from which a sentinel or guard may observe the surrounding area. In some cases, non-military towers, such as religious towers, may also be used as watchtowers.

Similar constructions include: observation towers and belvederes, which are generally civilian structures, and control towers, used on airports or harbours.
Baz-e Heydar
Baz-e Heydar (Persian: بازحيدر, also Romanized as Bāz-e Ḩeydar; also known as Bār-e Ḩeydar) is a village in Zeberkhan Rural District, Zeberkhan District, Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 109, in 35 families.

Nishapur County
Nishapur County (Persian: شهرستان نیشاپور) is in Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Nishapur, the second largest city in the province and the third largest city in Eastern Iran.
Shannon Bennett
Shannon Bennett (born 23 November 1975) is an Australian chef and author. He is best known as the head chef of restaurant Vue de Monde at Melbourne's Rialto Tower. Bennett currently serves as the creative director at the restaurant and its parent company Vue Groups, having previously been the executive chef. He has made many appearances as a guest judge on the popular cooking show MasterChef Australia.

Bennett also owns and operates several other hospitality venues in Melbourne – Vue Events at Rialto, The Lui Bar, Bistro Vue, Benny Burger and Café Vue in two locations - and has written six books. He has appeared on a number of Australian food television shows and he is a brand ambassador for Miele and Audi and Nespresso.

Rialto Towers
Rialto (often The Rialto, or Rialto Towers) is a skyscraper located at 525 Collins Street, in the western side of the Melbourne central business district, Victoria, Australia. It was the tallest office building in the Southern Hemisphere when it was constructed.

The Rialto featured Melbourne's first skyscraper public observation deck, which operated between 1994 and 31 December 2009. It was also the location of Melbourne's first Tower running event.
Saving Grace (Robert Plant album)
Saving Grace is the twelfth studio album by the English singer Robert Plant, credited to Robert Plant with Suzi Dian, released on 26 September 2025 through Nonesuch Records. It features the band Plant has been touring with since 2019 and contains ten cover versions of songs by a variety of artists.

Nonesuch Records
Nonesuch Records is an American record company and label owned by Warner Music Group, distributed by Warner Records (formerly Warner Bros. Records), and based in New York City. Founded by Jac Holzman in 1964 as a budget classical label, Nonesuch has developed into a label that records a wide range of music genres. Robert Hurwitz was president of the company from 1984 to 2017.
Maglass
Maglass (Irish: Magh Glas) is a townland in the parish of Ballymacelligott, which is situated between two towns, Tralee and Castleisland, County Kerry, Ireland. Ballymacelligott is the biggest parish in Munster. Maglass is a farming area, with the nearest shop and post office is approximately 1 mile from Maglass in Ballydwyer. The nearest church is a further mile in Clogher, where there is also a National School.

Tralee
Tralee (/trəˈliː/ trə-LEE; Irish: Trá Lí, pronounced [t̪ˠɾˠaː(j) ˈl̠ʲiː]; formerly Tráigh Lí, meaning 'strand [of the River] Lee') is the county town of County Kerry in the south-west of Ireland. The town is on the northern side of the neck of the Dingle Peninsula, and is the largest town in County Kerry. The town's population was 26,079 as of the 2022 census, making it the 15th largest urban settlement in Ireland. Tralee is known for the Rose of Tralee International Festival, which has been held annually in August since 1959.