hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gymnastics at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Qualification
This article describes the qualifying phase for gymnastics at the 2020 Summer Olympics (postponed to 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic).

The qualification system underwent a significant revision following the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio. The team events in artistic gymnastics will be reduced from five members to four, but a maximum of two further places will be available for competitors in individual events, in principle allowing one or two athletes per National Olympic Committee (NOC) to enter as specialists.

In a further move to link International Gymnastics Federation (FIG) competitions to the Olympics, it will now be possible to qualify for the Olympics on the basis of an aggregate of scores achieved over the Artistic Gymnastics World Cup series and the various continental artistic gymnastics championships.

Artistic Gymnastics World Cup
The Artistic Gymnastics World Cup is a competition series for artistic gymnastics sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique (FIG). It is one of the few tournaments in artistic gymnastics officially organized by FIG, as well as the World Championships and the gymnastics competitions at the Olympic Games and the Youth Olympics.
Catherine, Princess of Asturias
Catherine of Castile (Castilian: Catalina de Castilla; 5 October 1422 – 10 September 1424) was suo jure Princess of Asturias and heiress presumptive to the Castilian throne all her life.

Catherine was born on 5 October 1422 in Illescas, Toledo. She was the first child of King John II of Castile and his first wife, Maria of Aragon. Named after her grandmother, Catherine of Lancaster, she immediately became heiress presumptive to the throne of Castile upon her birth. The Infanta was formally recognized as successor to the throne of the kingdom and sworn in as Princess of Asturias in early 1423 by the Cortes in Toledo.

Not much is known about Catherine's life. She died of an unknown illness in Madrigal de las Altas Torres on 10 September 1424. Her younger sister, Infanta Eleanor, replaced her as heiress and Princess of Asturias. Infanta Catherine is buried in Miraflores Charterhouse, along with her father and stepmother, Isabella of Portugal.

Illescas, Toledo
Illescas is a town and municipality of Spain located in the province of Toledo, Castilla–La Mancha. The municipality spans across a total area of 56.75 km2 and, as of 1 January 2020, it has a registered population of 30,229, which makes it the third most populated municipality in the province. It belongs to the traditional comarca of La Sagra.
Hanna Ereńska-Barlo
Hanna Ereńska (Ereńska-Radzewska), now Hanna Ereńska-Barlo (born 12 November 1946, in Poznań) is a Polish chess Woman Grandmaster.

She was five-time Polish Champion (1971, 1972, 1977, 1979, 1980) and thrice Vice-Champion (1973, 1975, 1984).

She represented Poland in eight Chess Olympiads (1972–1992). She won individual silver medal in the 5th Chess Olympiad at Skopje 1972 (second board, 7½ points of 9 games), and team and individual bronze medals in the 9th Chess Olympiad at La Valletta 1980 (first board, 9 points of 13 games).

Hanna Ereńska-Radzewska was awarded the WGM title in 1981, as the first Pole.

Hanna Ereńska-Barlo won the European Senior Chess Championship at Bad Homburg 2005, and the 17th World Senior Chess Championship at Gmunden 2007.

Her elder brother Przemysław Ereński (born 1934) also is chess player.

9th Chess Olympiad
The 9th Chess Olympiad (Croatian: 9. Šahovska olimpijada), organized by the FIDE and comprising an open team tournament, as well as several events designed to promote the game of chess, took place between August 20 and September 11, 1950, in Dubrovnik, FPR Yugoslavia (present day Croatia). Eighty-four players from 16 nations played a total of 480 games.  The acclaimed 1950 Dubrovnik chess set  was designed and manufactured specifically for the Olympiad.
Swimming at the 1979 Pan American Games – Women's 100 metre butterfly
The Women's 100m Butterfly competition of the swimming events at the 1979 Pan American Games took place on 5 July at the Piscina Olimpica Del Escambron in San Juan, Puerto Rico. The last Pan American Games champion was Camille Wright of US.

This race consisted of two lengths of the pool, all in butterfly.

Swimming at the 1975 Pan American Games – Women's 100 metre butterfly
The women's 100 metre butterfly competition of the swimming events at the 1975 Pan American Games took place on 21 October. The last Pan American Games champion was Deena Deardurff of the United States.

This race consisted of two lengths of the pool, all in butterfly.
Harry Cunningham Brodie
Harry Cunningham Brodie (18 January 1875 – 27 February 1956) was a Canadian-British Liberal Party politician and businessman.

He was born in Victoria, British Columbia, the eldest son of John Brodie, of Hamsell Manor, Sussex. He was educated at Winchester School. He married in 1909, Mabel Hart, a daughter of Sir Robert Hart. They had two sons. His wife died in 1951.

Sir Robert Hart, 1st Baronet
Sir Robert Hart, 1st Baronet, GCMG (20 February 1835 – 20 September 1911) was a British diplomat and official in the Qing Chinese government, serving as the second inspector-general of China's Imperial Maritime Custom Service from 1863 to 1911. Beginning as a student interpreter in the consular service, he arrived in China at the age of 19 and resided there for 54 years, except for two short leaves in 1866 and 1874.

Hart was the most important and most influential Westerner in Qing dynasty China. According to Jung Chang, he transformed Chinese Customs "from an antiquated set-up, anarchical and prone to corruption, into a well-regulated modern organisation, which contributed enormously to China's economy." Professor Rana Mitter of the University of Oxford writes that Hart "was honest and helped to generate a great deal of income for China." Sun Yat-sen described him as "the most trusted as he was the most efficient and influential of 'Chinese.'"
Ben Hardy (actor)
Ben Hardy (born Ben Jones; 2 January 1991) is an English actor. A graduate of the Royal Central School of Speech and Drama, Hardy made his professional acting debut in 2012 and gained recognition for playing Peter Beale in the BBC soap opera EastEnders (2013–2015). He followed this up with his film debut as Archangel in X-Men: Apocalypse (2016) and subsequently portrayed Queen drummer Roger Taylor in the biographical film Bohemian Rhapsody (2018). Other films in which Hardy has appeared include Mary Shelley, Only the Brave (both 2017), 6 Underground (2019), and The Voyeurs (2021).

On television, Hardy has also acted in the miniseries The Woman in White (2018) and The Girl Before (2021).

Royal Central School of Speech and Drama
The Royal Central School of Speech and Drama, commonly shortened to Central, is a drama school founded by Elsie Fogerty in 1906, as the Central School of Speech Training and Dramatic Art, to offer a new form of training in speech and drama for young actors and other students. It became a constituent college of the University of London in 2005 and is a member of Conservatoires UK and the Federation of Drama Schools.
Archidamus V
Archidamus V (Ancient Greek: Ἀρχίδαμος Ε΄) was the 27th of the Kings of Sparta of the Eurypontid line, reigning during 228 and 227 BC.

He was the son of Eudamidas II and Agesistrata and through him the grandson of Archidamus IV, after whom he was named.

After his brother Agis IV was murdered in 241 BC, he fled to Messenia. In 228 (or 227) he was ordered back to Sparta by King Cleomenes III of the Agiad line, who had no counterpart on the throne by then, after the death of Eudamidas III, the son of Agis IV. He was assassinated shortly afterwards. Polybius claims that he was killed by Cleomenes.

Messenia
Messenia or Messinia (/məˈsiːniə/ mə-SEE-nee-ə; Greek: Μεσσηνία [mesiˈni.a]) is a regional unit (perifereiaki enotita) in the southwestern part of the Peloponnese region, in Greece. Until the implementation of the Kallikratis plan on 1 January 2011, Messenia was a prefecture (nomos) covering the same territory. The capital and largest city of Messenia is Kalamata.
Higashionna Kanjun
Higashionna Kanjun (東恩納 寛惇) also Higaonna Kanjun (14 October 1882–24 January 1963) was an Okinawan scholar who specialized in the history of Okinawa. Alongside Iha Fuyū and Majikina Ankō, he is considered one of the pioneers of modern Okinawan studies. After reading Japanese history at Tokyo Imperial University, where he wrote his dissertation on the approach of the Shimazu clan towards the Ryūkyū Kingdom, his subsequent career included posts at Hosei University and Takushoku University and travels in Southeast Asia and India. His extensive body of writings, collected as Higashionna Kanjun zenshū (東恩納寬惇全集) in ten volumes, centre around Ryukyuan history and culture, personal and place names, and classics such as the Omoro Sōshi. His private collection of documents and historical materials, numbering some 3,384 items, is preserved as the Higashionna Kanjun Collection at Okinawa Prefectural Library.

Okinawa Prefectural Library
Okinawa Prefectural Library (沖縄県立図書館, Okinawa Kenritsu Toshokan) opened in Naha, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan in 1910. Iha Fuyū was the first director. The library reopened in a new building in 1983. As of 2016, the collection numbers some 708,000 items, of which almost a fifth are on open access.
1995 FIBA Europe Under-16 Championship qualification
The qualification competition for the 1995 FIBA Europe Under-16 Championship consisted in two different qualification rounds: the Qualifying Round and the Challenge Round. Russia, Turkey and Lithuania, as third, fourth and fifth place in the previous tournament, received a bye to the Challenge Round. Greece, as title holder, Spain, as runner-up, and Portugal, as the host, qualified directly for the tournament.

1995 FIBA Europe Under-16 Championship
The 1995 FIBA Europe Under-16 Championship (known at that time as the 1995 European Championship for Cadets) was the 13th edition of the FIBA Europe Under-16 Championship. The cities of Setúbal, Seixal, and Almada, in Portugal, hosted the tournament. Croatia won the trophy for the first time.
2011 Formula Lista Junior season
The 2011 Formula Lista Junior season (an open wheel racing motor sport series based in mainland Europe), was the twelfth Formula Lista Junior season. It began on 16 April at the Hockenheimring and ended on 25 September at Autodromo Nazionale Monza after twelve races. Philip Ellis won the drivers' championship and Daltec Racing won the teams' championship.

Formula LO
Formula LO, previously known formally as LO Formel Lista Junior, was an open wheel racing series based in mainland Europe, which often ran as a support series to the Formula Renault 2.0 Switzerland. The first season was in 2000 and is based in Switzerland, and governed by the country's National Motorsport Authority. Because motorsports are essentially banned in Switzerland, the racing takes place on circuits in surrounding nations such as France, Italy and Germany. Many of the drivers go on to race in Formula Three and especially to the closely linked Formula BMW series. The series is often considered to be in competition with the German-based ADAC Formel Masters, which formed in 2008. It is named after its primary sponsor, Lista Office, owned by Swiss racing driver Fredy Lienhard.
Sâhib Ata
Fakhr al-Din Ali, better known as Sâhib Ata or Sâhip Ata, was a vizier of the Sultanate of Rum who held a number of high offices at the court of the Sultanate of Rum from the 1250s until his death in 1288. He was the dominant personality in Anatolia after the death of the Mu'in al-Din Parwana in 1277. He established numerous charitable foundations in cities across the Sultanate of Rum.

Fakhr al-Din's sons, the Sahib Ataids, established a short-lived principality centered in Afyonkarahisar, which the neighboring Germiyanids absorbed ca. 1341.

Mu'in al-Din Parwana
Muʿīn al-Dīn Sulaymān Parwāna (Persian: معین الدین سلیمان پروانه), simply known as Parwāna (پروانه; died 2 August 1277), was a Persian statesman, who was for a time (especially between 1261–1277) a key player in Anatolian politics involving the Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm, the Mongol Ilkhanate and the Mamluks under Baybars.
Maha Vilattawa Grama Niladhari Division
Maha Vilattawa Grama Niladhari Division is a Grama Niladhari Division of the Chilaw Divisional Secretariat of Puttalam District of North Western Province, Sri Lanka. It has Grama Niladhari Division Code 570.

Maha Vilattawa is a surrounded by the Bingiriya, Vilattawa Palatha, Weerapandiyana, Elivitiya, Kanattawa, Punchi Vilattawa and Pulliyankadawara Grama Niladhari Divisions.

Puttalam District
Puttalam is a district of Sri Lanka situated near the west coast of the country. The district has an area of 3,072 km2 (1,186 mi2). Along with the Kurunegala District, it forms the North Western Province of Sri Lanka. The district capital is Puttalam, which borders the Kala Oya and Modaragam Aru in the north, Anuradhapura District and Kurunegala District in the east, Ma Oya in the south, and the Indian Ocean in the west. Puttalam has lagoons, popular for shallow sea fishing and prawn farming activities.
Laura Cottingham
Laura Cottingham (born 1959) is an American art critic, curator and visual artist. Her most recent book is Angst essen Seele auf on Rainer Werner Fassbinder published by the British Film Institute in 2005. Her work has been exhibited in galleries and museums throughout Europe and in New York City, her best known videos being Not For Sale, 1998 and The Anita Pallenberg Story, 2000. She curated "NowHere," for the Louisiana Museum of Art, Denmark in 1996 and "Vraiment Feminisme et art," for Le Magasin in Grenoble, France in 1997. She lives in New York City.

Art world
The art world comprises everyone involved in producing, commissioning, presenting, preserving, promoting, chronicling, criticizing, buying, and selling fine art. It is recognized that there are many art worlds, defined either by location or alternative definitions of fine art. Some may use the singular art world to refer only to the elite level of globalized fine art. The art world(s) are continually changing in response both to the creativity of those that create art and in response to social change.
Slidre
Slidre is the administrative centre of Vestre Slidre Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The village is located along the Slidrefjorden in the Valdres district. The village is located along the European route E16 highway, about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northwest of Fagernes.

The 0.47-square-kilometre (120-acre) village has a population (2024) of 310 and a population density of 660 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,700/sq mi).

Slidrefjorden
Slidrefjorden (English: Slidre Fjord) is a lake that lies in Vestre Slidre Municipality (and the far northwestern end of the lake lies in Vang Municipality) in Innlandet county, Norway. The lake is not a fjord in the conventional sense in English as it is not connected to the sea, and is part of the Begna River watershed.

Slidrefjorden has a surface area of 11.4 square kilometres (4.4 sq mi) and a shore length of 46.34 kilometres (28.79 mi). The lake sits at 366 metres (1,201 ft) above sea level. The European route E16 highway runs along the northern shore of the lake.
Giancarlo Ceccarelli
Giancarlo Ceccarelli (born 31 August 1956 in Frascati) is a retired Italian footballer. He played as a midfielder. After playing in Lazio youth teams, he went to play in Serie B for 4 years, during which he gained a promotion in Serie A with Avellino. After a relegation with Sambenedettese, he continued his career in Serie C1 and Serie C2 and retired in 1985.

US Avellino 1912
Unione Sportiva Avellino 1912, commonly referred to as US Avellino 1912, is an Italian professional football club based in Avellino, Campania. It competes in Serie B, the second tier of Italian football.

It is the official continuity club of US Avellino 1912, known worldwide for having competed in Serie A for ten consecutive seasons, from 1978–1979 to 1987–1988. The team went through two major reboots: once, in 2009, when it went bankrupt, and then, in 2018, when it was excluded from Serie B. In both cases, new clubs were founded to join the Serie D league.

The club was renamed as Avellino Calcio.12 Società Sportiva Dilettantistica in 2009, then Associazione Sportiva Avellino 1912 in 2010, and restored to the original Unione Sportiva Avellino 1912 in 2015, although initially taking the name Calcio Avellino Società Sportiva Dilettantistica for the 2018–2019 season.
Autostrada A33 (Italy)
The Autostrada A33 or Autostrada del Tartufo is a planned  autostrada (Italian for "motorway") 54.7 kilometres (34.0 mi) long in Italy located in the region of Piedmont intended to connect Asti to Cuneo. The motorway is expected to open in 2024.

The highway will be called the Autostrada del Tartufo (lit. 'truffle highway') to recall the local truffle-growing industry. Its construction cost €150 million.

Truffle
A truffle is the fruiting body of a subterranean ascomycete fungus, one of the species of the genus Tuber. More than one hundred other genera of fungi are classified as truffles including Geopora, Peziza, Choiromyces, and Leucangium. These genera belong to the class Pezizomycetes and the Pezizales order. Several truffle-like basidiomycetes are excluded from Pezizales, including Rhizopogon and Glomus.

Truffles are ectomycorrhizal fungi, so they are found in close association with tree roots. Spore dispersal is accomplished through fungivores, animals that eat fungi. These fungi have ecological roles in nutrient cycling and drought tolerance.

Some truffle species are prized as food. Edible truffles are used in Italian, French and other national haute cuisines. Truffles are cultivated and harvested from natural environments.
Ranfurly, New Zealand
Ranfurly is a town in the Central Otago District of Otago, New Zealand. Located 110 kilometres (68 miles) north of Dunedin, it lies in the dry rough plain of Maniototo at a moderately high altitude (around 430 metres or 1,410 feet above sea level) close to a small tributary of the Taieri River. It operates as a service town for the local farming community. The town was formerly known as Eweburn, one of the "farmyard" names bestowed by former Otago Chief Surveyor John Turnbull Thomson on many small streams and locations in the district. The modern name honours the Fifth Earl of Ranfurly, who served as Governor of New Zealand (1897–1904) at the time of the extension of the Otago Central Railway to the area. Ranfurly is well known for its Art Deco buildings, such as its hotel and the dairy.

Dairy (New Zealand)
In New Zealand, a dairy is a small owner-operated convenience shop licensed to sell groceries, eggs, milk, dairy products, perishables, newspapers and other staples during and after normal trading hours. The Australian term milk bar is also often used to describe dairies.
2017 Pingshan Open – Women's doubles
Shuko Aoyama and Makoto Ninomiya were the defending champions, but Aoyama chose not to participate. Ninomiya partnered Akiko Omae, and lost in the quarterfinals to Eri Hozumi and Valeria Savinykh.

Lyudmyla and Nadiia Kichenok won the title after defeating Eri Hozumi and Valeria Savinykh 6–4, 6–4 in the final.

Akiko Omae
Akiko Omae (大前 綾希子, Ōmae Akiko; born 29 January 1993) is a Japanese former professional tennis player.

On 3 April 2017, she reached her best singles ranking of world No. 188. On 21 November 2016, she peaked at No. 95 in the doubles rankings. Omae has won seven titles in singles and twenty-three in doubles on the ITF Circuit.

Her biggest title for Omae to date was when she won the doubles event at the 2015 Dunlop World Challenge, partnering with Peangtarn Plipuech.

Omae announced her retirement from professional tennis in September 2025.
George Washington Carver High School (Ennis, Texas)
George Washington Carver High School was a public high school within the Ennis Independent School District in Ennis, Texas, United States. It served as the high school for black students for over 40 years until the public schools were integrated in 1967. The school has since been razed.

Ennis Independent School District
Ennis Independent School District is a public school district based in Ennis, Texas, United States with 11 education facilities.

In addition to the majority of Ennis, the district serves the towns of Alma, Bardwell, and Garrett, as well as a section of the Bristol census-designated place, in southeastern Ellis County. A portion of the district extends into northern Navarro County.

They were Texas football state champions in 1975, 2000, 2001, 2004 and 2014.

The Ennis High School Marching Band has earned Superior ratings at their annual marching competition 66 times since the 1950s.

In 2009, the school district was rated "academically acceptable" by the Texas Education Agency.
Doomed to Die (film)
Doomed to Die is a 1940 American mystery film directed by William Nigh and starring Boris Karloff as Mr. Wong with Marjorie Reynolds and Grant Withers. It is a sequel to the 1940 film The Fatal Hour, which also features Withers and Reynolds.

Marjorie Reynolds
Marjorie Reynolds (née Goodspeed; August 12, 1917 – February 1, 1997) was an American film and television actress who appeared in more than 50 films, including the 1942 musical Holiday Inn, in which she and Bing Crosby introduced the song "White Christmas" in a duet, albeit with her singing dubbed by Martha Mears.
Pont Rug (Halt) railway station
Pont Rug railway station was located to the east of Caernarfon, Gwynedd, Wales, where the A4086 crosses the Afon Seiont.

The station opened in 1880. It consisted of a single short platform with no goods facilities other than small parcels. It closed from January 1917 to July 1919 as a wartime economy measure, then closed completely in 1930.

Summer excursions to Llanberis passed through until September 1962 and freight lingered on until the line closed in September 1964. The tracks were lifted in early 1965.

Pont Rug was at the midpoint of a five-mile climb from Pont Seiont to Pontrhythallt, mostly at 1 in 62 or 1 in 68. In 1958 the station building was in use as a dwelling.

Llanberis Pass
The Llanberis Pass (Welsh: Bwlch Llanberis; alternative English name, Pass of Llanberis) in Snowdonia carries the main road (A4086) from the south-east to Llanberis, over Pen-y-Pass, between the mountain ranges of the Glyderau and the Snowdon massif. At the bottom of the pass is the small village of Nant Peris.
Brainwave entrainment
Brainwave entrainment, also referred to as brainwave synchronization or neural entrainment, refers to the observation that brainwaves (large-scale electrical oscillations in the brain) will naturally synchronize to the rhythm of periodic external stimuli, such as flickering lights, speech, music, or tactile stimuli.

As different conscious states can be associated with different dominant brainwave frequencies, it is hypothesized that brainwave entrainment might induce a desired state. Researchers have found, for instance, that acoustic entrainment of delta waves in slow wave sleep had the functional effect of improving memory in healthy subjects.

Amplitude
The amplitude of a periodic variable is a measure of its change in a single period (such as time or spatial period). The amplitude of a non-periodic signal is its magnitude compared with a reference value. There are various definitions of amplitude (see below), which are all functions of the magnitude of the differences between the variable's extreme values. In older texts, the phase of a periodic function is sometimes called the amplitude.