hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
ISO 3166-2:NU
ISO 3166-2:NU is the entry for Niue in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.

Currently no ISO 3166-2 codes are defined in the entry for Niue.

Niue is officially assigned the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code NU.

Standardization
Standardization (American English) or standardisation (British English) is the process of implementing and developing technical standards based on the consensus of different parties that include firms, users, interest groups, standards organizations and governments. Standardization can help maximize compatibility, interoperability, safety, repeatability, efficiency, and quality. It can also facilitate a normalization of formerly custom processes.

In social sciences, including economics, the idea of standardization is close to the solution for a coordination problem, a situation in which all parties can realize mutual gains, but only by making mutually consistent decisions. Divergent national standards impose costs on consumers and can be a form of non-tariff trade barrier.
Foxley Wood, Purley
Foxley Wood is an 11.36 hectare Local Nature Reserve and Site of Borough Importance for Nature Conservation, Grade 1, in Purley in the London Borough of Croydon. It is owned and managed by Croydon Council. The site was purchased by Coulsdon and Purley Urban District Council under the Green Belt Act in the 1930s.

Some of the woodland on the site is ancient, and there are also areas of chalk grassland. The wood is principally oak and ash, with some sycamore and wild cherry. There is an understorey of hazel. Flora include dog's mercury, wood millet, wood melick. The site also has a wide variety of insects, including grasshoppers and butterflies. Forty-five species of birds have been recorded, and there are also badgers and roe deer.

There is access from Burwood Avenue, Northwood Avenue, Woodland Way and Higher Drive.

Purley, London
Purley is an area of the London Borough of Croydon in Greater London, England, 11.7 miles (18.8 km) south of Charing Cross, with a history going back at least 800 years. It was originally granted as an estate from holdings at Sanderstead and until as a district of Surrey and then, with neighbouring Coulsdon, as an urban district that became an electoral ward of the London Borough of Croydon, becoming part of the ceremonial county of London, in 1965. In 2018 the Purley ward was divided into two: Purley and Woodcote, and Purley Oaks and Riddlesdown.

Purley is a suburban area of South London, and the quintessential suburban environment has been referenced in fictional and popular culture, most notably as the setting for the long running Terry and June sitcom.

Purley had a population of 15,184 in 2022.
Gopoupleu
Gopoupleu is a village in the far west of Ivory Coast. It is in the sub-prefecture of Kouan-Houlé, Danané Department, Tonkpi Region, Montagnes District.

Gopoupleu was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1,126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

Tonkpi
Tonkpi Region is one of the 31 regions of Ivory Coast. Since its establishment in 2011, it has been one of three regions in Montagnes District. The seat of the region is Man and the region's population in the 2021 census was 1,387,909, predominantly of Dan (Yacouba) ethnicity.

Tonkpi is currently divided into five departments: Biankouma, Danané, Man, Sipilou, and Zouan-Hounien.
Michael DeVito
Michael "The Scholar" DeVito (born 1961) is a competitive eater and hot dog eating champion, and three-time winner of the Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contest (in 1990, 1993 and 1994). "Mr. DeVito ate 20 hot dogs yesterday at the annual July 4th hot dog-eating contest on Coney Island, assuring him victory for the fourth time in five years." DeVito is 6 feet 2 inches and weighs just over 200 pounds (pre-competition). He set a personal best, eating 20 hot dogs, buns included, in the standard 12-minute competition period.

DeVito is a resident of Manalapan Township, New Jersey.

He also works as an accountant.

Competitive eating
Competitive eating, or speed eating, is a sport in which participants compete against each other to eat large quantities of food, usually in a short time period. Contests are typically eight to ten minutes long, although some competitions can last up to thirty minutes, with the person consuming the most food being declared the winner. Competitive eating is most popular in the United States, Canada, and Japan, where organized professional eating contests often offer prizes, including cash.
Skegness Grammar School
Skegness Grammar School (sometimes SGS) is a coeducational grammar school and sixth form with academy status, located in Skegness, Lincolnshire, England.

Selection to the school is by the eleven-plus examination by entry test or personal interview. The school roll consists of 472 pupils including 106 pupils in the sixth form.

Skegness Grammar School was founded over 500 years ago by a Lord High Chancellor of England. It was the first British secondary school to be awarded Grant Maintained status by the government in 1988. The school has been classed as a High Performing Specialist School.

Specialist school
Specialist schools, also known as specialised schools or specialized schools, are schools which specialise in a certain area or field of curriculum. In some countries, for example New Zealand, the term is used exclusively for schools specialising in special needs education, which are typically known as special schools. Specialist schools often have admission criteria making them selective schools as well.
Hominy Hills
The Hominy Hills are a range of low, gravel-capped hills and upland areas located along the boundary of Colts Neck, Howell and Wall Townships, in Monmouth County, New Jersey, and extending east into the Borough of Tinton Falls (formerly part of Shrewsbury Township), and extending west to the eastern sections of Freehold and Marlboro Townships. The hills attain heights of over 300 feet (91 meters) in elevation, attaining a maximum elevation of 307 feet (94 meters) at Throckmorton Hill, which is the highest point in Howell Township.

Shrewsbury Township, New Jersey
Shrewsbury Township is a township situated in the Jersey Shore region, within Monmouth County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 1,076, a decrease of 65 (−5.7%) from the 2010 census count of 1,141, which in turn reflected an increase of 43 (+3.9%) from the 1,098 counted in the 2000 census.

Covering nearly 1,000 square miles (2,600 km2) when it was first formed in 1693, the originally large Shrewsbury Township steadily diminished in size as 74 new municipalities were created from its former boundaries, leaving the township as it currently exists, covering 0.097 square miles (0.25 km2), ranked as New Jersey's smallest municipality by area. The combined population of the municipalities that been part of Shrewsbury Township was 935,232 in 2020, which would have made it the 13th largest city in the country, slightly more than that of Fort Worth, Texas.
1991–92 Israel State Cup
The 1991–92 Israel State Cup (Hebrew: גביע המדינה, Gvia HaMedina) was the 53rd season of Israel's nationwide football cup competition and the 38th after the Israeli Declaration of Independence.

The competition was won by Hapoel Petah Tikva who have beaten Maccabi Tel Aviv 3–1 in the final.

The winner, Hapoel Petah Tikva, qualified to the 1992–93 European Cup Winners' Cup, entering in the qualifying round.

Israeli Declaration of Independence
The Israeli Declaration of Independence, formally the Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel (Hebrew: הכרזה על הקמת מדינת ישראל), was proclaimed on 14 May 1948 (5 Iyar 5708), at the end of the civil war phase and beginning of the Arab–Israeli War of the 1948 Palestine war, by David Ben-Gurion, the executive head of the World Zionist Organization and chairman of the Jewish Agency for Palestine.

It declared the establishment of a Jewish state in Palestine (or the Land of Israel in the Jewish tradition), to be known as the State of Israel, which would come into effect on termination of the British Mandate at midnight that day. While celebrated in Israel as Independence Day, a national holiday on 5 Iyar of every year according to the Hebrew calendar, Palestinians view the day as the start of Nakba, or "catastrophe", marking the mass displacements of Palestinians and the loss of homes and lands, and commemorate it annually on 15 May as Nakba Day.
Tavares (restaurant)
The Tavares is a historic restaurant located in Lisbon, Portugal that has operated continuously since 1784. It is the oldest restaurant in Lisbon, having operated in the same location (though not the same building) since this time. It is the second oldest restaurant in the Iberian Peninsula, and has been classified as a national landmark in Portugal.

The restaurant was frequented by writer Eça de Queiroz, who referenced it in his book Os Maias.

Landmark
A landmark is a recognizable natural or artificial feature used for navigation, a feature that stands out from its near environment and is often visible from long distances.

In modern-day use, the term can also be applied to smaller structures or features that have become local or national symbols.
Klosterskogen Travbane
Klosterskogen Travbane is a harness racing track located at Klosterskogen in Skien, Norway. The course is 800 meters (2,600 ft). Owned by Norwegian Trotting Association, its tote betting is handled by Norsk Rikstoto.

Harness racing
Harness racing is a form of horse racing in which the horses race at a specific gait (a trot or a pace). They usually pull a two-wheeled cart called a sulky, spider, or chariot occupied by a driver. In Europe, and less frequently in Australia and New Zealand, races with jockeys riding directly on saddled trotters (trot monté in French) are also conducted.
Social Studies (2024 TV series)
Social Studies is an American documentary series created, directed, and produced by Lauren Greenfield. It follows teenagers over the course of a school year in Los Angeles, exploring how the generation has grown up online.

The series premiered at the 51st Telluride Film Festival on August 30, 2024, and premiered on September 27, 2024, on FX.

51st Telluride Film Festival
The 51st Telluride Film Festival took place between August 30 and September 2, 2024, in Telluride, Colorado. American filmmaker Kenneth Lonergan was chosen as the festival Guest Director. Luke Dorman, the Principal Graphic Designer at Meow Wolf, returned as the Guest Designer.

The Telluride Film Festival Silver Medallion was presented to French filmmaker Jacques Audiard, Irish actress Saoirse Ronan and American editor Thelma Schoonmaker. While the Special Medallion was to award to French film company Les Films du Losange.
Vered Buskila
Vered Bouskila (Hebrew: ורד בוסקילה; born 23 May 1983) is an Israeli Olympic sailor. She competes in the 470 Class double-handed monohull planing dinghy with a centerboard, Bermuda rig, and center sheeting. She won a world championship in the women's 420 at the age of 15, and a bronze medal in the world championships in the 470 six years later.

Dinghy
A dinghy  is a type of small boat, often carried or towed by a larger vessel for use as a tender. Utility dinghies are usually rowboats or have an outboard motor.  Some are rigged for sailing but they differ from sailing dinghies, which are designed first and foremost for sailing.  A dinghy's main use is for transfers from larger boats, especially when the larger boat cannot dock at a suitably-sized port or marina.

The term "dinghy towing" sometimes is used to refer to the practice of towing a car or other smaller vehicle behind a motorhome, by analogy to towing a dinghy behind a yacht.
William Houston Long
William Houston Long (8 November 1843 – 29 August 1912) was a member of the Queensland Legislative Council.

Long was born in Settrington, Yorkshire, England in 1843 to Charles Long and his wife Anna Maria (née Wigram).

Long was appointed to the Queensland Legislative Council in 1873 and served for five years before resigning in 1878. He eventually travelled back to England and died in Hove, Sussex in 1912.

Settrington
Settrington is a village and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England, about 3 miles (5 km) east of Malton. It was historically part of the East Riding of Yorkshire until 1974 and part of the Ryedale district from 1974 until 2023.
Kiyombe
Kiyombe can refer to:

Kiyombe language (ISO 639-3: yom), a dialect of the Kongo language of western Central Africa spoken by the Yombe people

Kiyombe, Rwanda, a sector (imirenge) of Nyagatare District, Rwanda

Nyagatare District
Nyagatare is the largest and second most populous district (akarere) in Rwanda. Located in Eastern Province, Rwanda, it occupies the northeastern extremity of Rwanda. Its capital is  Nyagatare City, the former capital of the now defunct Umutara province. 
Nyagatare District borders Uganda in the North, Tanzania in the East, Gatsibo District of the (Eastern Province) in the South, and Gicumbi District of the Northern Province in the West.
Nyagatare has an area of 1741  km2, what makes it the largest district in Rwanda. With a population of 466,944 in 2012, and 653,861 in 2022, Nyagatare is the second most populated district of Rwanda only after Gasabo District of Kigali City with 879,505 inhabitants. This is a 156% increase from 2002 when the population was only 255,104.  This sharp rise in the population is mainly due to the major movement of the population from other parts of the country in search of land.
19th Lumière Awards
The 19th Lumière Awards ceremony, presented by the Académie des Lumières, was held on 20 January 2014, at the Espace Pierre Cardin in Paris. The ceremony was chaired by actress Carole Bouquet. Television journalist Estelle Martin and director Patrick Fabre were the hosts for the night. Blue Is the Warmest Colour won four awards including Best Film. Other winners included Me, Myself and Mum, The French Minister,  Venus in Fur, Grand Central, Horses of God and The Young and Prodigious T.S. Spivet.

Me, Myself and Mum
Me, Myself and Mum (French: Les Garçons et Guillaume, à table !) is a 2013 French autobiographical coming-of-age comedy film written, directed by and starring Guillaume Gallienne. Based on his stage show of the same name, it follows Guillaume as a boy as he develops his own identity and his relationship with his mother.

The film premiered at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival and was released in France on 20 November 2013. In January 2014, the film was nominated for 10 César Awards and won 5, including Best Film and Best First Feature Film.
Chicken Soup for the Parent's Soul
Chicken Soup for the Parent's Soul was the first book in the Chicken Soup for the Soul series to specifically address parenting. The stories, organized by topics such as “Insights and Lessons” and “Across Generations,” were compiled over a three-year period.

The book, originally published on September 14, 2000, spent twelve weeks on the New York Times Best Seller list, three of those in the top ten.  During the first six months of its release alone, it sold 452,305 copies.  In 2004, the Spanish language edition was published.

Chicken Soup for the Soul
Chicken Soup for the Soul, LLC is an American self-help and consumer goods company based in Cos Cob, Connecticut. It is known for the Chicken Soup for the Soul book series. The first book, like most subsequent titles in the series, consisted of inspirational stories about ordinary people's lives. The books are widely varied, each with a different theme.

The company has branched out into other categories such as food, pet food, and television programming.
Bakoya
The Bakoya are pygmies, earlier known as Négrilles or Babinga, who inhabitant the rainforest between Cameroon and the Great Lake region of the Congo Basin in Central Africa. Since the 1930s, the Bakoya, in particular, have settled in Gabon in the Ogooue-Ivindo Province, in the northeastern region of the country.
Similar minority groups are the Babongo and the Baka pygmies. Before they adapted to the agricultural practices in the new settlements in Gabon along the flanks of the road, Bakoya were "semi-nomadic hunter-gatherers" like the other forest-dwelling pygmies; they resided in small huts. The word 'Pygmee' is a French coinage, adopted by the Gabonese. They are the earliest inhabitants of the forest and are nomadic hunter gatherers.

Ogooué-Ivindo Province
Ogooué-Ivindo Province is the northeasternmost of Gabon's nine provinces, though its Lopé Department is in the very center of the country. It gets its name from two rivers, the Ogooué and the Ivindo.  This province, containing thousands of square kilometres of rainforest, is the largest and most sparsely populated and much less developed than the rest of the country. As of 2013 it had a population of 63,293 people. The principal town is Makokou.
Zuzana Nemšáková
Zuzana Nemšáková (born 14 September 1976) is a Slovak former professional tennis player.

Nemšáková, a Wimbledon junior semi-finalist, competed on the professional tour during the 1990s and reached a best singles ranking of 272 in the world. She made her only WTA Tour main draw appearance at the Prague Open in 1992, where she was beaten in the first round of the singles by Noëlle van Lottum.

1992 HTC Prague Open
The 1992 HTC Prague Open was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the I. Czech Lawn Tennis Club in Prague in the former Czechoslovakia that was part of Tier V of the 1992 WTA Tour. It was the only edition of the  tournament with a prize money of $ 100.000, and it was held from 20 July until 26 July 1992. First-seeded Radka Zrubáková won the singles title.
Timeless Festival
Timeless Festival was a community music festival in Huddersfield, Kirklees, which ran from 2002 to 2005, "Pick of the Week" in The Guardian for the latter two. It was organised by Chocolate Fireguard Records  and the Timeless Music Project, and featured three stages in Ravensknowle Park, Wakefield Road, Huddersfield.

Acts included DJ Vadim, Lo Fidelity Allstars, Fat City Records Sound System, Oneself, Zion Train, Kava Kava, Root Jackson, The Freestylers, Fingathing, Transglobal Underground, The Bays, Panjabi Hit Squad, La Cedille, Snowboy and the Latin Section, Iration Steppas, Jehst, Asaviour, DJ IQ, Four Day Hombre, The Voltaires, The Selecter, Pee Wee Ellis, Dub Dadda and others.

Zion Train
Zion Train are a British dub ensemble that formed in Oxford, 1988. They have consistently released music and toured from 1992 to present day. Their mix of reggae and dance music was a notable innovation in the early 1990s.
Basalamah
Basalamah is a surname of Arabic origin (Arabic: بسلامة). People with the surname include:

Arief Muhammad Basalamah, Indonesian diplomat

Khalid Basalamah (born 1975), Indonesian Salafist preacher and entrepreneur

Nadhif Basalamah (born 2000), Indonesian singer-songwriter

Syafiq Riza Basalamah (born 1977), Indonesian Salafist preacher

Khalid Basalamah
Khalid Zeed Abdullah Basalamah (born 1 May 1975) is an Indonesian preacher, a prominent figure in the Salafi movement, and an entrepreneur. He serves as a member of the Sharia advisory board at Rahmatan Lil 'Alamin Boarding School in Solok Regency, West Sumatra.
Gen. John Stark House
The Gen. John Stark House is a historic house museum at 2000 Elm Street in Manchester, New Hampshire.  The house, a single-story Cape style farmhouse, was built in 1736 by Archibald Stark.  Stark's son John, a hero of the American Revolutionary War, lived in this house from 1736 to 1765; it is where he brought his new bride Molly, and where two of their children were born.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.  It is now operated as a museum by the local chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution.

Historic house museum
A historic house museum is a house of historic significance that is preserved as a museum. Historic furnishings may be displayed in a way that reflects their original placement and usage in a home. Historic house museums are held to a variety of standards, including those of the International Council of Museums. Houses are transformed into museums for a number of different reasons. For example, the homes of famous writers are frequently turned into writer's home museums to support literary tourism.
Balgazy
Balgazy (Russian: Балгазы; Bashkir: Балғажы, Balğajı) is a rural locality (a village) in Nikifarovsky Selsoviet, Alsheyevsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 95 as of 2010. There are 2 streets.

Alsheyevsky District
Alsheyevsky District (Russian: Альше́евский райо́н; Bashkir and Tatar: Әлшәй районы, Älşäy rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the west of the republic. The area of the district is 2,415 square kilometers (932 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Rayevsky. As of the 2021 Russian census, Alsheyevsky District has a population of 36,799.
Furniss v Dawson
Furniss v Dawson [1983] UKHL 4 is an important House of Lords case in the field of UK tax that extended the applicability of The Ramsay Principle. This came from W. T. Ramsay Ltd. v. Inland Revenue Commissioners [1982] AC 300 where a company had made a substantial capital gain and entered into a complex and self-cancelling series of transactions that generated an artificial capital loss. The House of Lords held that where a transaction has pre-arranged artificial steps which serve no commercial purpose other than to save tax, then the proper approach is to tax the effect of the transaction as a whole.

Capital loss
Capital loss is the difference between a lower selling price and a higher purchase price or cost price of an eligible Capital asset, which typically represents a financial loss for the seller. This is distinct from losses from selling goods below cost, which is typically considered loss in business income.
Cocamide
Cocamide is a mixture of amides manufactured from the fatty acids obtained from coconut oil. As coconut oil contains about 50% of lauric acid, in formulas only the 12-carbon chains tend to be considered. Therefore the formula of cocamide can be written as CH3(CH2)10CONH2, though the number of carbon atoms in the chains varies (it is always even).

Cocamide is the structural basis of many surfactants. Common are ethanolamines (cocamide MEA, cocamide DEA), betaine compounds (cocamidopropyl betaine), and hydroxysultaines (cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine).

Coconut oil
Coconut oil (or coconut fat) is an edible oil derived from the meat of the coconut palm fruit. Coconut oil is a white solid fat below around 25 °C (77 °F), and a clear thin liquid oil at higher temperatures. Unrefined varieties have a distinct coconut aroma. Coconut oil is used as a food oil, and in industrial applications for cosmetics and detergent production. The oil is rich in medium-chain fatty acids.

Due to its high levels of saturated fat, numerous health authorities recommend limiting its consumption as a food.

Coconut oil is widely used for cooking and baking due to its high smoke point and distinct flavor.