hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Massa Frumentaria
Massa Frumentaria or Monte Frumentario was a medieval grain fund established in Malta. As a public institution, it was tasked with the importation and distribution of wheat and other commodities, while also serving as a precursor to an investment bank. The fund was administered by the Università, a municipal body under the control of the Knights of St. John, and later continued under British protection until its dissolution in 1818.

The institution shared a similar goal to the Italian monti frumentari, which proliferated between the late 15th and 17th centuries and were designed to ensure food security and provide financial support to local agricultural communities. Though developed independently, similar institutions were founded throughout Italy to provide wheat and barley for sowing to impoverished farmers, subject to repayment, particularly those living at subsistence levels, who, because of poverty, were compelled to consume seeds intended for planting or resort to usurers.

British protectorate
British protectorates were protectorates under the jurisdiction of the British government. Many territories which became British protectorates already had local rulers with whom the Crown negotiated through treaty, acknowledging their status whilst simultaneously offering protection. British protectorates were therefore governed by indirect rule. In most cases, the local ruler, as well as the subjects of the ruler, were not British subjects, but rather British protected persons. British protected states represented a more loose form of British suzerainty, where the local rulers retained absolute control over the states' internal affairs and the British exercised control over defence and foreign affairs.
Yudai Kamei
Yudai Kamei (Japanese: 亀井 雄大, Hepburn: Kamei Yūdai; born 16 April 1996) is a Japanese motorcycle racer. He competes in the ST1000 class of the All Japan Road Race Championship for RT Japan M Auto, aboard a CBR1000RR-R.

All Japan Road Race Championship
The All Japan Road Race Championship (Japanese: 全日本ロードレース選手権, Hepburn: Zen Nihon Rōdo Rēsu Senshuken) is the premiere motorcycle road racing championship in Japan. It is run by the Motorcycle Federation of Japan (MFJ) (日本モーターサイクルスポーツ協会) – the Japanese affiliate of the FIM.
Leader of the Year (ice hockey)
The Swedish Ice Hockey Leader of the Year (Swedish: Årets Ledare) is an annual award given to the best ice hockey leader in Sweden each season. The award was first given in the 1991–92 season, and Kamratföreningen Hockeyjournalisterna is the jury which votes on the award. Swedish businessman Percy Nilsson gives out the award since 2006.

Kent Norberg
Kenth Thure "Nubben" Norberg (born June 12, 1967) is a retired Swedish professional ice hockey player and head coach. He later became the sports manager of Timrå IK in the Swedish Swedish Elite League (SEL).
Antonio Zeno Shindler
Antonio Zeno Shindler (c. 1823 – August 8, 1899) was a Bulgarian-born American photographer and painter.

Born c. 1823, as Antonio Zeno, Shindler studied art in Paris, moving to the United States with anthropologist William Henry Blackmore c. 1845. While in the United States, he lived in Philadelphia, working as a professor for the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. In 1852, he married Justina Fontaine, having one daughter together. He later moved to Washington, D.C. He worked for the Smithsonian American Art Museum. In 1867, Blackmore loaned his photograph collection to Shindler, some of which were used to the Smithsonian's first photograph exhibit. He died on August 8, 1899, in Washington, D.C, from injuries sustained after falling off a streetcar.

Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts
The Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts (PAFA) is a museum and private art school in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1805, it is the longest continuously operating art museum and art school in the United States.

The academy's museum is internationally known for its collections of 19th- and 20th-century American paintings, sculptures, and works on paper. Its archives house important materials for the study of American art history, museums, and art training. It offers a Bachelor of Fine Arts, Master of Fine Arts, certificate programs, and continuing education. Beginning in 2025, the academy will cease offering degrees except bachelor's degrees in conjunction with the University of Pennsylvania.
Lake Dasay
Lake Dasay is the second largest mountain lake, after Lake Wood, in the province of Zamboanga del Sur, Philippines. With an elevation of about 230 metres (750 ft), it covers a 40-hectare (99-acre) area surrounded by forestland and is located in the town of San Miguel.

San Miguel, Zamboanga del Sur
San Miguel, officially the Municipality of San Miguel (Cebuano: Lungsod sa San Miguel; Subanen: Benwa San Miguel; Chavacano: Municipalidad de San Miguel; Tagalog: Bayan ng San Miguel), is a municipality in the province of Zamboanga del Sur, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 19,838 people.
Mohrland, Utah
Mohrland is a ghost town located in Emery County, Utah, United States. Lying in Cedar Creek Canyon near the Carbon County line, Mohrland was Emery County's largest coal mining town, with a history more typical of Carbon County's coal camps than of most Emery County communities.

Carbon County, Utah
Carbon County is a county in the U.S. state of Utah. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 20,412. Its county seat and largest city is Price.

The Price, UT Micropolitan Statistical Area includes all of Carbon County.
2017–18 Euro Hockey Tour
The 2017–18 Euro Hockey Tour was the 22nd season of Euro Hockey Tour. It started in November 2017 and lasted until April 2018. It consisted of Karjala Tournament, Channel One Cup, Carlson Hockey Games and Sweden Hockey Games.

According to the Swedish Ice Hockey Association, the EHT was not officially held in the 2017–18 season as the countries did not play the same number of games and did not play the same number of times against each other.

Swedish Ice Hockey Association
The Swedish Ice Hockey Association (Swedish: Svenska Ishockeyförbundet (SIF)) in Swedish, is an association of Swedish ice hockey clubs. It was established in Stockholm on 17 November 1922 by representatives from seven clubs. Before then, organized ice hockey in Sweden had been administered by the Swedish Football Association. In 1920, Sweden became a member of the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF). In addition to ice hockey, SIF is also responsible for inline hockey.

The association's general secretary is Tommy Boustedt.
Harris Blake
Harris Durham Blake (November 3, 1929 – June 9, 2014) was a Republican member of the North Carolina General Assembly representing the state's twenty-second Senate district, which included constituents in Harnett, Lee and Moore counties. He was also the Republican nominee for North Carolina Secretary of State in 2000.

Born in Jackson Springs, North Carolina, Blake went to Elon University. He served on the Moore County, North Carolina School Board. Blake, a real estate agent from Pinehurst, North Carolina, served five terms in the North Carolina state Senate and chose to retire in 2012 and not seek a sixth term. He was deputy President pro tempore of the North Carolina Senate during his final two-year term. He died at his home in Moore County on June 9, 2014, at the age of 84.

Real estate agent
Real estate agents and real estate brokers are people who represent sellers or buyers of real estate or real property. While a broker may work independently, an agent usually works under a licensed broker to represent clients. Brokers and agents are licensed by the state to negotiate sales agreements and manage the documentation required for closing real estate transactions.
Laksam Upazila
Laksam (Bengali: লাকসাম) is an upazila of Comilla District in the division of Chittagong, Bangladesh. This upazila is located just 29 kilometers south of Cumilla City, on the banks of the transboundary Dakatia River. Laksam is known as the birthplace of Nawab Faizunnesa Chowdhurani.

Chandpur District
Chandpur District (Bengali: চাঁদপুর জেলা) is a district in Chittagong Division, Bangladesh. Established on 15 February 1984, it is famously known as the "Home of Hilsa" (Bengali: ইলিশের বাড়ি) due to its vast production and trade of Hilsa fish.
Senecioneae
Senecioneae is the largest tribe of the Asteraceae, or the sunflower family, comprising over 150 genera and over 3,500 species. Almost one-third of the species in this tribe are placed in the genus Senecio.  Its members exhibit probably the widest possible range of form to be found in the entire plant kingdom, and include annuals, minute creeping alpines, herbaceous and evergreen perennials, shrubs, climbers, succulents, trees, and semi-aquatic plants.

Plants in this tribe are responsible for more livestock poisonings than all other plants combined. Its members usually contain liver and kidney toxic and carcinogenic unsaturated pyrrolizidine alkaloids in Senecio and furanoeremophilanes in Tetradymia.

A number of species are well known in horticulture.

Senecio
Senecio is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family (Asteraceae) that includes groundsels and some ragworts. Variously circumscribed taxonomically, the genus Senecio is one of the largest genera of flowering plants. Plants of the World Online currently accepts 1482 species.
William Weir (trade unionist)
William Weir (June 1868 – December 1926) was a British trade unionist.

Born in Mickley Square, Northumberland, Weir studied at Prudhoe Colliery School and then worked at West Wylam Colliery from the age of twelve.  He soon became active in the Northumberland Miners' Association, and was elected branch president in 1905, then to the county executive in 1912.  In 1914, he became President of the union, serving until 1926.

Weir was a Primitive Methodist.  He was also elected to Prudhoe parish council, then its successor urban district council, and later to Gosforth UDC, initially as a Lib-Lab, then later for the Labour Party.  He was also an alderman on Northumberland County Council, and stood unsuccessfully in the 1918 general election in Hexham.

Mickley, Northumberland
Mickley is a cluster of villages in the civil parish of Prudhoe, in Northumberland, England. It lies south of the River Tyne and is accessible via the A695. The electoral ward of Mickley comprises the hamlets of Mickley Square, West Mickley (including Mount Pleasant), High Mickley, plus Cherryburn and Eltringham Farm. The population is a little under one thousand.

The Mickley settlements are served by St George's Church, which was built in 1830. Other facilities in Mickley include a First School, garden centre, two social clubs and a cafe on the A695. There is a public house (The Blue Bell Inn), dating from the 1820s, at Mount Pleasant.

The Mickley area is physically situated on a steep, north-facing hill that reaches 203 metres above sea level on Mickley Moor, where views over to both the Simonside Hills and even the Cheviot Hills are often visible on a clear day.
Hoang Kieu
Hoang Kieu (Hoàng Ku, born in Vietnam - Triệu Phong, Quảng Trị Province) is a Vietnamese-born American billionaire who owned 37% of Shanghai RAAS Blood Products in 2013, which is traded on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange. He debuted on the 2014 Forbes Billionaires List, with a net worth of $3.8 billion.

Quảng Trị province
Quảng Trị (Vietnamese pronunciation: [kʷâŋ ʈ͡ʂîˀ]) is a coastal province in the North Central Coast region of Vietnam. It borders Huế to the south, Laos to the west and the South China Sea to the east, with 75 kilometres (47 mi) of coast.
Pelican Lake 191A
Pelican Lake 191A is an Indian reserve of the Pelican Lake First Nation in Saskatchewan. It is 66 kilometres southeast of Meadow Lake. In the 2016 Canadian Census, it recorded a population of 20 living in 3 of its 6 total private dwellings.

Meadow Lake, Saskatchewan
Meadow Lake is a city in the boreal forest of northwestern Saskatchewan, Canada. Its location is about 246 kilometres (153 mi) northeast of Lloydminster and 156 kilometres (97 mi) north of North Battleford. Founded as a trading post in 1799, it became a village in 1931 and a town in 1936. On November 9, 2009, it officially became Saskatchewan's 14th city.

Meadow Lake is the main business centre of northwestern Saskatchewan and serves the many towns and villages as a regional shopping centre. It is the second-largest community in Saskatchewan's Census Division No. 17, after Saskatchewan's portion of the interprovincial city of Lloydminster. The city is on the western shore of Meadow Lake and borders the Rural Municipality of Meadow Lake No. 588 and the Flying Dust First Nation No. 105 reserves.
Civic Coalition (Argentina)
The Civic Coalition (in Spanish, Coalición Cívica) was a political coalition in Argentina. It was founded by Elisa Carrió, as an association supported by the ARI party, as well as a number of other political groups and individual political leaders, notably UPT - Union for All of Patricia Bullrich and GEN - Generation for a National Encounter of Margarita Stolbizer.

Carrió ran for presidency on the 2007 election representing the Civic Coalition, along with the Socialist Party Senator for Santa Fe Province, Rubén Giustiniani. The coalition lost the election, although it did well in the largest cities of Argentina, getting support especially from the urban middle and upper classes.

Carrió aroused a wave of murmurs by differentiating what he promised to be his foreign policy from the one he observes today. She promised to "reestablish brotherhood with Uruguay" as his first gesture of winning the presidency. She also said that he will promote a "new deal with the Armed Forces."

2007 Argentine general election
Argentina held national presidential and legislative elections on Sunday, 28 October 2007, and elections for provincial governors took place on staggered dates throughout the year. For the national elections, each of the 23 provinces and the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires are considered electoral districts. Voter turnout was 76.2%. Buenos Aires Province Senator and First Lady Cristina Fernández de Kirchner of the Front for Victory won the election by 45.28% of votes against Elisa Carrió of Civic Coalition ARI, making her the second female president of Argentina and the first female president to be directly elected. She broke the 40 percent barrier and won in the first round. Elisa Carrió won in the city of Buenos Aires and came second with more than 20 percent of the votes. Third was Roberto Lavagna, who won in Córdoba.
Central constituency (Krasnoyarsk Krai)
The Central constituency (No.55) is a Russian legislative constituency in Krasnoyarsk Krai. The constituency covers parts of Krasnoyarsk as well as central Krasnoyarsk Krai stretching from Achinsk to Zheleznogorsk.

The constituency has been represented since 2021 by United Russia deputy Aleksandr Drozdov, a Rusal executive, who won the open seat, after defeating two-term United Russia incumbent Pyotr Pimashkov in the primary (Pimashkov died prior to the general election).

Krasnoyarsk Krai
Krasnoyarsk Krai is a federal subject (a krai) of Russia located in Siberia. Its administrative center is the city of Krasnoyarsk, the second-largest city in Siberia after Novosibirsk. Comprising half of the Siberian Federal District, Krasnoyarsk Krai is the largest krai in Russia, the second-largest federal subject in the country after neighboring Sakha, and the third-largest country subdivision by area in the world. The krai covers an area of 2,366,797 square kilometers (913,825 sq mi), constituting roughly 13% of Russia's total area. Krasnoyarsk Krai has a population of 2,856,971 as of the 2021 census.
Georg Statz
Georg Statz (1894–1945) was a school teacher and taxonomist who published widely on fossil insects from the Oligocene Rott Formation of Germany (Rott am Siebengbirge). Known as the "Statz Collection", his fossils are reposited at the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County and the Institüt fur Paläontologie, Universität Bonn.

Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County
The Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County is a museum located in Exposition Park in Los Angeles, next to the California Science Center. It is the largest natural and historical museum in the Western United States, with a collection of nearly 35 million specimens and artifacts covering 4.5 billion years of history. This large collection consists of not only specimens for exhibition but also vast research collections housed on and offsite.

The museum is associated with two other museums in Greater Los Angeles: the Page Museum at the La Brea Tar Pits in Hancock Park and the William S. Hart Ranch and Museum in Newhall. The three museums work together to achieve their common mission: "to inspire wonder, discovery, and responsibility for our natural and cultural worlds".
You and Me (LL Cool J song)
"You and Me" is a song by LL Cool J, released as a single from his ninth album, G.O.A.T.. It was released on October 17, 2000 for Def Jam Recordings, was produced by DJ Scratch and LL Cool J, and featured R&B singer Kelly Price. It peaked at #44 on the Billboard's Hot Rap Singles and #59 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs.

DJ Scratch
George Spivey (born June 21, 1968), known professionally as DJ Scratch, is an American hip hop DJ and producer from Brooklyn, New York.

DJ Scratch is the 1988 New Music Seminar Battle For World Supremacy DJ champion, the 2010 Master of the Mix winner and the 2012, 2013 & 2014 Global Spin Awards' "Turntablist of the Year". 19 albums produced by DJ Scratch were certified Gold in United States, seven of them were certified as Platinum.
Lund Municipality
Lund Municipality (Swedish: Lunds kommun) is a municipality in Scania County, southern Sweden. Its seat is the city of Lund.

As most municipalities in Sweden, the territory of municipality consists of many former local government units, united in a series of amalgamations. The number of original entities (as of 1863) is 22. At the time of the nationwide municipal reform of 1952 the number had been reduced to six. In 1967 the rural municipality Torn (itself created in 1952) was added to Lund. The City of Lund was made a unitary municipality in 1971 and amalgamated with Dalby, Genarp, Södra Sandby and Veberöd in 1974 completing the process. Since 2016, the municipality is subdivided into 16 districts for the purposes of population and land registration.

Dalby Söderskog, one of Sweden's national parks, is located within the municipality near Dalby. The municipal bird of Lund is the Eurasian penduline tit.

Registration districts in Sweden
A registration district is, since 1 January 2016, the smallest administrative subdivision for population registration in Sweden (Swedish: folkbokföring), i.e. the civil registration of births, marriages, civil partnerships and deaths, and for the collation of census information.

Geographically, the districts correspond to the parishes of the Church of Sweden of 31 December 1999. About 85% of the old sockens corresponds with the new districts. The civil registration was originally maintained by the Church of Sweden, but since July 1991 it is administered by the Swedish Tax Agency.

The registration district is also used for registration of land ownership by Lantmäteriet, for the reason that owned land was historically named after parish:neighbourhood:number, but in 2000 changed to municipality:neighbourhood:number, which caused confusion with multiple neighbourhood names in the same municipality.
INS Tarangini
INS Tarangini is a three-masted barque, commissioned in 1997 as a sail training ship for the Indian Navy. She is square rigged on the fore and main masts and fore-and-aft rigged on the mizzen mast. She was constructed in Goa to a design by the British naval architect Colin Mudie, and launched on 1 December 1995. In 2003–04, she became the first Indian naval ship to circumnavigate the globe.

Apart from races, the ship sails extensively across the Indian Ocean region for the purpose of providing sail training experience to the officer cadets of the Indian Navy. The Indian Navy believes that training on board these ships is the best method of instilling among the trainees the "indefinable 'sea-sense' and respect for elements of nature, which are inseparable from safe and successful seafaring". The Navy believes that sail training also serves to impart the values of courage, camaraderie, endurance and esprit-de-corps among budding naval officers.

Officer cadet
Officer cadet is a rank held by military personnel during their training to become commissioned officers.  In the United Kingdom, the rank is also used by personnel of University Service Units such as the University Officers' Training Corps.

The term officer trainee is used interchangeably in some countries.
Ernst Stadler
Ernst Maria Richard Stadler (11 August 1883 — 30 October 1914) was a German Expressionist poet, writer and translator. As a poet, he was part of the early German expressionist movement.

Born in Colmar, Alsace-Lorraine, and educated in Strasbourg and Oxford, he was awarded a Rhodes Scholarship to study at Magdalen College, Oxford in 1906. His early verse was influenced by Stefan George and Charles Péguy, but after 1911, Stadler began developing a different style. His most important volume of poetry, Der Aufbruch, which appeared during 1914, is regarded as a major work of early Expressionism. The poems of Der Aufbruch are a celebration of the poet's joy in life and are written in long, free verse lines inspired by the example of Walt Whitman. Stadler was killed in battle at Zandvoorde near Ypres in the early months of World War I.

Free verse
Free verse is an open form of poetry which does not use a prescribed or regular meter or rhyme and tends to follow the rhythm of natural or irregular speech. It encompasses a large range of poetic form, and its distinction to other forms (such as prose) is often ambiguous.  In general, the core characteristic of free verse is its flexibility.
Mikhaylovskoye Urban Settlement
Mikhaylovskoye Urban Settlement is the name of several municipal formations in Russia.

Mikhaylovskoye Urban Settlement, a municipal formation which the work settlement of Mikhaylovka and the village of Subbotina in Cheremkhovsky District of Irkutsk Oblast are incorporated as

Mikhaylovskoye Urban Settlement, a municipal formation which the town of district significance of Mikhaylov in Mikhaylovsky District of Ryazan Oblast is incorporated as

Mikhaylovskoye Urban Settlement, a municipal formation which the Town of Mikhaylovsk and ten rural localities in Nizhneserginsky District of Sverdlovsk Oblast are incorporated as

Mikhaylov, Ryazan Oblast
Mikhaylov (Russian: Миха́йлов) is a town and the administrative center of Mikhaylovsky District in Ryazan Oblast, Russia, located on the Pronya River (Oka's tributary), 68 kilometers (42 mi) southwest of Ryazan, the administrative center of the oblast. Population:  11,784 (2010 Census); 13,295 (2002 Census); 15,302 (1989 Soviet census).
South African Class 43-000
The Transnet Freight Rail Class 43-000 of 2011 is a South African diesel-electric locomotive.

In January 2011, Transnet Rail Engineering at Koedoespoort in Pretoria took delivery of the first two of 203 Class 43-000 General Electric type C30ACi diesel-electric locomotives for Transnet Freight Rail. A further eight were shipped from the United States of America in April 2011. In July 2011, the first of the 209 locally built locomotives for Transnet Freight Rail and two more customers was rolled out at the Koedoespoort shops in Pretoria.

In late 2013, the first locomotives of this Class were also delivered to Kumba Iron Ore at Sishen and Caminhos de Ferro de Moçambique, the Mozambican railways.

Transnet Engineering
Transnet Engineering is a rolling stock manufacturer and maintenance company. It was established when the engineering workshops of Transnet were transferred to a separate division as Transwerk. It was rebranded Transnet Rail Engineering, and then again to Transnet Engineering after it began assembling port equipment such as straddle carriers. It operates seven workshops.