hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ramanujam–Samuel theorem
In algebraic geometry, the Ramanujam–Samuel theorem gives conditions for a divisor of a local ring to be principal.

It was introduced independently by Samuel (1962) in answer to a question of Grothendieck and by C. P. Ramanujam in an appendix to a paper by Seshadri (1963), and was generalized by Grothendieck (1967, Theorem 21.14.1).

Local ring
In mathematics, more specifically in ring theory, local rings are certain rings that are comparatively simple, and serve to describe what is called "local behaviour", in the sense of functions defined on algebraic varieties or manifolds, or of algebraic number fields examined at a particular place, or prime. Local algebra is the branch of commutative algebra that studies commutative local rings and their modules.

In practice, a commutative local ring often arises as the result of the localization of a ring at a prime ideal.

The concept of local rings was introduced by Wolfgang Krull in 1938 under the name Stellenringe.  The English term local ring is due to Zariski.
Heckengäu
The Heckengäu (German pronunciation: [ˈhɛkn̩ɡɔʏ]) is a part of the Gäu, a region in the counties of Böblingen, Calw, Ludwigsburg and Enzkreis in the German state of Baden-Württemberg. Part of the landscape in the county of Calw is called 
Schlehengäu. Hence it is also called the Hecken- und Schlehengäu.

Calw (district)
Calw is a Landkreis (district) in the middle of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from north clockwise) Karlsruhe, Enz, the district-free city Pforzheim, Böblingen, Freudenstadt and Rastatt.
Turkish House, Timișoara
Dissel House, better known by the local name Turkish House, is a historical building in the Elisabetin district of Timișoara, Romania. It is considered one of the oldest houses in Timișoara and the oldest in the non aedificandi area of the fortress.

National Register of Historic Monuments in Romania
The National Register of Historic Monuments (Romanian: Lista Monumentelor Istorice (LMI)) is the official English name of the Romania government's list of national heritage sites known as Monumente istorice. In Romania, these include sites, buildings, structures, and objects considered worthy of preservation due to the importance of their Romanian cultural heritage. The list, created in 2004, contains places that have been designated by the Ministry of Culture and National Patrimony of Romania and are maintained by the Romanian National Institute of Historical Monuments, as being of national historic significance.
2013–14 MRF Challenge Formula 2000 Championship
The 2013–2014 MRF Challenge Formula 2000 Championship was the second running of the MRF Challenge Formula 2000 Championship. The series consisted of 13 races, spread across 4 meetings began on 26 October 2013 at the Buddh International Circuit, supporting the 2013 Indian Grand Prix and ended on 16 February 2014.

Rupert Svendsen-Cook claimed the championship title, after successfully appealing a penalty that was given to him, at the final round of the season at the Madras Motor Racing Track. Svendsen-Cook had been given a 30-second penalty for pushing Tio Ellinas off the track, which had allowed Ellinas to provisionally claim the championship title. This penalty was overturned in March, allowing Svendsen-Cook's advantage of two points to stand.

MRF (company)
MRF, or MRF Tyres, is an Indian multinational tyre manufacturing company and the largest manufacturer of tyres in India. It is headquartered in Chennai. The abbreviation MRF comes from the company's initial days when it was called the  Madras Rubber Factory. The company manufactures rubber products including tyres, treads, tubes and conveyor belts, paints and toys.  MRF was named the world's second-strongest tyre brand by Brand Finance, with a AAA− brand grade.

MRF is also active in cricket and motorsports endorsements; it runs the MRF Pace Foundation and MRF Institute of Driver Development (MIDD) in Chennai.
Chip Dunham
Robert John "Chip" Dunham (b. La Crosse, Wisconsin) is a cartoonist best known as the creator of the comic strip Overboard, which debuted in 1990.

The strip - which tells the comical tale of a group of pirates - is distributed through Universal Press Syndicate. In 1993, the National Cartoonist Society nominated Overboard for Best Comic Strip.

Chip attended Crestwood High School in Dearborn Heights, Michigan, graduating in 1971. In high school, he was known for his writing talent.

In 1980, he received a journalism degree from the University of Wisconsin–Madison; he lives in Beverly Hills, Michigan.

La Crosse, Wisconsin
La Crosse (/ləˈkrɒs/ ⓘ lə-KROSS) is a city in La Crosse County, Wisconsin, United States, and its county seat. Positioned alongside the Mississippi River, La Crosse is the most populous city on Wisconsin's western border. The population was 52,680 at the 2020 census. The La Crosse–Onalaska metropolitan area has an estimated 140,000 residents.

La Crosse's economy serves as a regional educational, medical, manufacturing, and transportation hub for Western Wisconsin producing a gross domestic product (GDP) of $10.1 billion for the La Crosse–Onalaska metropolitan area as of 2023. Home to the University of Wisconsin–La Crosse, Viterbo University, and Western Technical College, the city has nearly 20,000 students. The La Crosse area is home to the headquarters or regional offices of Kwik Trip, Organic Valley, Mayo Clinic, Gundersen Health System, Gensler, La Crosse Technology, City Brewing Company, and Trane.
Sir Theodore Brinckman, 2nd Baronet
Sir Theodore Henry Brinckman, 2nd Baronet DL (12 September 1830 – 7 May 1905) was a British Liberal politician and soldier.

He was the son of Sir Theodore Brinckman, 1st Baronet and his first wife Hon. Charlotte Godolphin Osborne, only daughter of Francis Osborne, 1st Baron Godolphin. In 1880, he succeeded his father as baronet. Brinckman was educated at Eton and served then in the 17th Regiment of Foot. He fought in the Crimean War and reached the rank of captain. Brinckman was Deputy Lieutenant of Tower Hamlets and sat as Member of Parliament (MP) for Canterbury from 1868 to 1874.

On 18 July 1861, he married Lady Cecilia Augusta Conyngham, youngest daughter of Francis Conyngham, 2nd Marquess Conyngham at St George's, Hanover Square. They lived at St. Leonard's in Clewer near Windsor in Berkshire and had two sons. Brinckman was succeeded in the baronetcy by his older son Theodore Francis Brinckman, whose first wife was Fanny Lucy Radmall, later better known as Lucy, Lady Houston.

Clewer
Clewer /ˈkluːər/ (also known as Clewer Village) is an ecclesiastical parish and an area of Windsor, in the ceremonial county of Berkshire, England. Clewer makes up three wards of the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead, namely Clewer North, Clewer South and Clewer East.
Samuel S. Jones (Utah politician)
Samuel S. Jones (1837–1923) was mayor of Provo, Utah, from 1898 to 1899.

Jones was born in Brentford, Middlesex, England.  He joined the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in 1851 and then immigrated to the United States in 1856 sailing on the S.S. Horizon.  He was then part of the Martin Handcart Company, reaching Utah Territory in November 1856.

Jones was involved in many business ventures and was connected with the starting of ZCMI.  He also wrote the song "'Tis Utah's Natal Day" and was a part owner in several mining companies.  He served several terms in the Provo City Council.  He ran unsuccessfully for the Utah State Senate in 1898.

ZCMI
Zion's Co-operative Mercantile Institution (ZCMI) was an American department store chain. It was founded in Salt Lake City, Utah, on October 9, 1868, by Brigham Young. For many years it used the slogan, "America's First Department Store."
Lance Rips
Lance Jeffrey Rips (born December 19, 1947) is an American psychologist and professor in the Department of Psychology at Northwestern University. Before joining Northwestern in 1994, he taught at the University of Chicago for nineteen years. His research has focused on human memory and deductive reasoning, among other topics. He received a Fulbright Fellowship in 2004 and 2005, and he was a Guggenheim Fellow in 2008. In addition, he is a fellow of the Cognitive Science Society, American Psychological Association, the Association for Psychological Science, and the Society of Experimental Psychologists.

Cognitive Science Society
The Cognitive Science Society is a professional society for the interdisciplinary field of cognitive science. It brings together researchers from many fields who hold the common goal of understanding the nature of the human mind. The society promotes scientific interchange among researchers in disciplines comprising the field of cognitive science, including artificial intelligence, linguistics, anthropology, psychology, neuroscience, philosophy, and education. The Society is a member of the Federation of Associations in Behavioral & Brain Sciences.
That Lady in Ermine
That Lady in Ermine is a 1948 American Technicolor musical film directed by Ernst Lubitsch. The screenplay by Samson Raphaelson is based on the 1919 operetta Die Frau im Hermelin by Rudolph Schanzer and Ernst Welisch.

Although Lubitsch received sole credit as director, he died after only eight days of filming, and the project was completed by Otto Preminger.

Cesar Romero
César Julio Romero Jr. (February 15, 1907 – January 1, 1994) was an American actor. He was active in film, radio, and television for almost 60 years. His wide range of screen roles included Latin lovers, historical figures in costume dramas, characters in light domestic comedies, and the Joker on the live-action Batman television series of the mid-1960s, who was included in TV Guide's 2013 list of the 60 nastiest villains of all time. Romero was the first actor to play the character.
Einar Löfstedt
Haimon Einar Harald Löfstedt (15 June 1880 – 10 June 1955) was a Swedish Latinist and classical philologist. His father, also named Einar Löfstedt, was a scholar of Greek.

He was Professor of Roman Oratory and Poetry at Lund University from 1913. Löfstedt was a member of the Swedish Academy, of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences, a corresponding fellow of the British Academy, and a member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and of the Prussian Academy of Sciences.

His daughter Ingrid Arvidsson was a noted Swedish poet.

Prussian Academy of Sciences
The Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences  (German: Königlich-Preußische Akademie der Wissenschaften) was an academy established in Berlin, Germany on 11 July 1700, four years after the Prussian Academy of Arts, or "Arts Academy," to which "Berlin Academy" may also refer.  In the 18th century, when French was the language of science and culture, it was a French-language institution.
KFLG-FM
KFLG-FM (94.7 MHz) is a radio station broadcasting a country music format. Licensed to Big River, California, United States, it serves the entire Tri-State area including Lake Havasu City; Kingman, Arizona; Needles, California; Laughlin, Nevada; and Bullhead City, Arizona. The station is currently owned by Cameron Broadcasting, Inc.

Lake Havasu City, Arizona
Lake Havasu City (/ˈhɑːvəsuː/, HAH-və-soo) is a city in Mohave County, Arizona, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 57,144, up from 52,527 in 2010. It is served by Lake Havasu City Airport.
Frölunda Specialist Hospital
Frölunda specialist hospital (Swedish: Frölunda Specialistsjukhus) is located in Frölunda, right next to Frölunda torg, approximately nine kilometres south-west of central Gothenburg. The hospital primarily operate with elective care, with specialist in otolaryngology, neurology, gynaecology, orthopedic surgery, medicine, dermatology, ophthalmology, surgery, and radiography. The hospital was inaugurated in 1968 as a local hospital for people living in Tynnered, Frölunda, and Älvsborg. Today, 190 people work at the hospital which is owned by Västra Götaland Regional Council.

The 17-storey building is 55 metres (180 ft) high. The hospital occupies the bottom five floors; the rest are residential.

Dermatology
Dermatology is the branch of medicine dealing with the skin. It is a specialty with both medical and surgical aspects. A dermatologist is a specialist medical doctor who has undergone advanced training (typically 4 years beyond medical school) and manages diseases related to skin. Dermatological conditions, including inflammatory diseases, infections, cancers, hair loss, and cosmetic issues are common in the population, and sometimes difficult to diagnose or treat, requiring the services of a dermatologist. In addition to these routine issues, some conditions such as serious burns, angiodema, necrotizing fasciitis, and Stevens–Johnson syndrome are life-threatening dermatological emergencies. Dermatological interventions include systemic and topical medications, surgery, radiation, and physical modalities such as cryosurgery or laser therapy.
Maricet Espinosa
Maricet Espinosa González (2 January 1990 – 21 January 2024) was a Cuban judoka. She competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in the women's 63 kg event, in which she was eliminated in the second round by Yarden Gerbi.

Espinosa died from a heart attack on 21 January 2024, at the age of 34.

Judo at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Judo at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro took place from 6 to 12 August at the Carioca Arena 2 inside the Barra Olympic Park in Barra da Tijuca. Around 386 judoka competed in 14 events (seven each for both men and women).
Not So Stupid (1946 film)
Not So Stupid (French: Pas si bête) is a 1946 French comedy film directed by André Berthomieu and starring Bourvil, Suzy Carrier and Bernard Lancret. In 1928 Berthomieu had made a silent film of the same name.  This was Bourvil's first film; originally a musician and singer, he went on to become one of the great comic actors of French cinema.

The film's art direction was by Raymond Nègre. It was shot at the Cité Elgé studios in Paris.

Cité Elgé
Cité Elgé (French pronunciation: [site ɛlʒe]) were French film studios located in Paris. They were constructed in 1905 in the Buttes-Chaumont area of the city by Gaumont, a pioneer of European cinema. They were also known as the Studios des Buttes-Chaumont. For a period they were the largest studios in the world.

In 1953 the studios came under the control of the RTF television organisation. They closed in the 1990s and were redeveloped for residential use.

The documentary dedicated to the history of the studios "Les Buttes-Chaumont, Legendary Studios", directed by Jean-François Méplon and Fabien Lepage, produced by Olivier Wlodarczyk for Egodoc, was broadcast on April 3, 2015 on France 3 Paris Île-de-France.
Chloride channel blocker
A chloride channel blocker is a type of drug which inhibits the transmission of ions (Cl−) through chloride channels.

Niflumic acid is a chloride channel blocker that has been used in experimental scientific research. Another example is anthracene-9-carboxylic acid, a potent blocker of the CLCN1-type chloride channel found in skeletal muscle, which is used to study animal models of myotonia congenita.

Some antagonists of glycine receptors and GABAA receptors also act as chloride channel blockers.

Chloride channel
Chloride channels are a superfamily of poorly understood ion channels specific for chloride. These channels may conduct many different ions, but are named for chloride because its concentration in vivo is much higher than other anions. Several families of voltage-gated channels and ligand-gated channels (e.g., the CaCC families) have been characterized in humans.

Voltage-gated chloride channels perform numerous crucial physiological and cellular functions, such as controlling pH, volume homeostasis, transporting organic solutes, regulating cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation. Based on sequence homology the chloride channels can be subdivided into a number of groups.
Meiso Mizuhara
Meiso Mizuhara (水原 明窗, Mizuhara Meisō; 1924 – November 1993) was a Japanese philatelist who was known for his award-winning collections of the stamps and postal history of the countries of Asia and his books on those subjects. His collection of Chinese stamps and postal history was exceeded in importance only by that of Sir Percival David.

Philately
Philately (/fɪˈlætəli/; fih-LAT-ə-lee) is the study of postage stamps and postal history. It also refers to the collection and appreciation of stamps and other philatelic products. While closely associated with stamp collecting and the study of postage, it is possible to be a philatelist without owning any stamps. For instance, the stamps being studied may be very rare or reside only in museums.
Show cat
A show cat (also known as a purebred cat or pedigreed cat) is one that has been judged to be close to the physical ideal for its breed standard at a cat show. Not all pedigreed cats are show cats, many are just pets but the ones with the best conformation and personality are often shown in associations such as the CFA and TICA in the US, the GCCF in the UK or the FiFe in the rest of Europe. Uncommonly, a prize-winning pedigreed show cat can be worth thousands of dollars but most are loved pets. In order to compare examples of breeds and improve stock, cat shows are held where judges evaluate the cats according to a breed standard.  Pedigreed cats are often identified with microchip implants.

The International Cat Association
The International Cat Association (TICA) is considered the world's largest genetic cat registry. Originally a North American organization, it now has a worldwide presence. The organization has a genetic registry for pedigreed and household pet cats and is one of the world's largest sanctioning bodies for cat shows.
Athletics at the 2019 Pan American Games – Women's 5000 metres
The women's 5000 metres competition of the athletics events at the 2019 Pan American Games took place the 9 August at the 2019 Pan American Games Athletics Stadium. The defending Pan American Games champion was Juliana Paula dos Santos from Brazil.

Juliana Paula dos Santos
Juliana Paula Gomes dos Santos (née de Azevedo; born 12 July 1983) is a Brazilian middle-distance runner. Her greatest achievement is a gold medal in the 1500 metres at the 2007 Pan American Games held in Rio de Janeiro. She is a three-time gold medallist at the South American Championships in Athletics, being the 1500 m champion in 2003 and 2006, as well as a 4 × 400 metres relay champion.

Santos was a two-time champion over 800 metres at both South American Youth and Junior levels before taking a bronze medal at the 2002 World Junior Championships in Athletics. As a senior athlete, she has won nine Brazilian titles, including six consecutive titles in the 1500 m from 2003 to 2008. She holds personal bests of 2:01.25 minutes for the 800 m and 4:07.30 minutes for the 1500 m; the latter is the Brazilian record for the distance.

She is married to Marílson Gomes dos Santos, another Brazilian runner and the first South American victor at the New York City Marathon.
Mayilvahanan Natarajan
Dr. Mayilvahanan Natarajan (born 24 December 1954) is an Indian surgeon who has made substantial contributions to the specialties of Orthopedic oncology, Medical training, Health administration, Medical ethics and invention of Custom Mega Prostheses to avoid amputation for Bone tumor patients. For his efforts, he was awarded the Padma Shri by the government of India in 2007.

Mayilvahanan Natarajan, an elected fellow of the National Academy of Medical Sciences, was the 7th Vice Chancellor of  Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University.

Natarajan received the prestigious recognition of "Pharma Leaders Indian of the Year – Orthopedics” at Pharma Leaders  Power Brand Awards 2018 founded by Satya Brahma.

Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University
The Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University (TNMGRMU) is a government medical university situated in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. It is one of the premier medical universities in India, named after the former Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu M. G. Ramachandran, and it is the second largest health sciences university in India.
Damir Kudin
Damir Kudin is a Croatian cinematographer. His works include Tiny Tim: King for a Day, Ibiza, etc. He is a frequent collaborator with Nevio Marasović, they made together The Show Must Go On, Vis-à-Vis, Comic Sans, and Goran. For Comic Sans, Kudin was awarded by the Croatian Cinematographers Society at the 66th Pula Film Festival.

In 2023, he worked with Nevio Marasović on Good Times, Bad Times.

Tiny Tim: King for a Day
Tiny Tim: King for a Day is a 2020 Swedish biographical film about musician Tiny Tim. The film was directed by Johan von Sydow and features "Weird Al" Yankovic in a narrator role.

The file was released on 23 August 2020 at the Fantasia International Film Festival.
James Sheahan Catholic High School
James Sheahan Catholic High School is an independent Roman Catholic co-educational secondary day school, located in Orange, New South Wales, Australia. It is located on Anson Street in Orange next to the train line and is adjacent to the Orange Christian School. It is the largest Catholic school in the Bathurst Diocese.

Diocese of Bathurst (Australia)
for namesakes, see Diocese of Bathurst

The Roman Catholic Diocese of Bathurst (Australia) is a Latin Church suffragan diocese of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Sydney, established in 1865, covering the Central West and Orana regions of New South Wales, Australia.

The Cathedral of St Michael and St John the Baptist is the episcopal see of the Bishop of Bathurst, presently Michael McKenna.
White Martian
The White Martians are one of four fictional extraterrestrial races native to Mars in the DC Comics' shared universe. White Martians, also known as Pale Martians, appear in the comics of the DC Universe, chiefly JLA, Martian Manhunter, and Son of Vulcan. They first appeared in Justice League #71 (May 1969).

Kyle Rayner
Kyle Rayner (/ˈreɪnər/), one of the characters known as Green Lantern, is a superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The character is depicted as being associated with the Green Lantern Corps, an extraterrestrial police force of which he has been a member.

Rayner has been adapted into various media outside comics, including animated series and video games. He has been voiced by Michael P. Greco, Will Friedle, Josh Keaton, and John Rubinow.
Jean-Paul Racine
Jean-Paul Racine (8 February 1928 – 13 January 1988) was a Liberal party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Saint-Honoré-de-Shenley, Quebec and became a lumber merchant and manufacturer by career.

He was first elected at the Beauce riding in the 1958 general election and served one term before being defeated there in 1962 by Gérard Perron of the Social Credit party. Racine was again defeated by Perron in 1963 but won the seat back in 1965 for one final Parliamentary term. In the 1968 election, he lost the seat to another Social Credit candidate, Romuald Rodrigue.

Saint-Honoré-de-Shenley
Saint-Honoré-de-Shenley is a municipality in the Beauce-Sartigan Regional County Municipality in the Chaudière-Appalaches region of Quebec, Canada. Its population is 1,555 as of 2021.

The municipality was created in 2000 after the merger of the parish municipality of Saint-Honoré and the township municipality of Shenley. It is named after Honoré Desruisseaux, the first reverend of the parish in 1869, and the village of Shenley, Hertfordshire in England.