hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Animal resistance
Animal resistance refers to acts by non-human animals that oppose, evade, or defy human control, exploitation, or confinement. Such behaviors range from escape attempts and refusal to cooperate to direct physical confrontation. The concept has become a subject of study in fields such as political philosophy, animal studies, ethology and critical international relations, where scholars examine how these acts challenge human-centered understandings of politics, ethics, and power.

Critical international relations theory
Critical international relations theory is a diverse set of schools of thought in international relations (IR) that have criticized the theoretical, meta-theoretical and/or political status quo, both in IR theory and in international politics more broadly – from positivist as well as postpositivist positions.  Positivist critiques include Marxist and neo-Marxist approaches and certain ("conventional") strands of social constructivism.  Postpositivist critiques include poststructuralist, postcolonial, "critical" constructivist, critical theory (in the strict sense used by the Frankfurt School), neo-Gramscian, most feminist, and some English School approaches, as well as non-Weberian historical sociology, "international political sociology", "critical geopolitics", and the so-called "new materialism" (partly inspired by actor–network theory).  All of these latter approaches differ from both realism and liberalism in their epistemological and ontological premises.
Žvaigždžiakalnis
Žvaigždžiakalnis is a village in the Molėtai district municipality, in Utena County, eastern Lithuania. According to the 2001 census, the village has a population of 4 people. The village is located in a remote area 10 km south east from Suginčiai, in a peninsula at the western edge of the Lake Aisetas. Žvaigždžiakalnis is surrounded by forest and is part of the Labanoras Regional Park.

Molėtai District Municipality
The Molėtai District Municipality is one of 60 municipalities in Lithuania.

Molėtai is known for its many lakes. There are about 220 lakes in the district and they cover about 7% of the total territory. Since it is only about 60 km north of Vilnius, many Vilnians own summer homes there. The area offers many recreational opportunities. It is easy to reach Molėtai because there is a highway connecting Vilnius and Utena which divides the district into two almost equal parts. Since there is little industry, the district is proud of its lack of pollution. The land is not very fertile, therefore the district's government is focused on developing tourism.

Another natural resource of the district are its forests which cover about 26.6% of its territory.
Raymond McCord
Raymond Irvine McCord (born 23 December 1953) is a victim's rights campaigner from Northern Ireland. McCord became involved in the issue of victims rights after his son, Raymond McCord Jr., was killed by the loyalist paramilitary group the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) in 1997. He is an outspoken critic of the UVF.

Newtownabbey
Newtownabbey is a large settlement north of Belfast city centre in County Antrim, Northern Ireland. It is separated from the rest of the city by Cavehill and Fortwilliam golf course, but it still forms part of the Belfast metropolitan area. It surrounds Carnmoney Hill, and was formed from the merging of several small villages including Whiteabbey, Glengormley and Carnmoney. At the 2021 census, Metropolitan Newtownabbey Settlement had a population of 67,599, making it the third largest settlement in Northern Ireland and seventh on the Island of Ireland. It is part of Antrim and Newtownabbey Borough Council.
Last Exit (Junior Boys album)
Last Exit is the debut studio album by Canadian electronic music group Junior Boys. It was released on June 7, 2004 by KIN Records in the United Kingdom and on September 21, 2004 by Domino Recording Company in the United States. The album was promoted by two singles: "Birthday" and "High Come Down".

Last Exit received rave reviews from critics. The United States release contains a bonus disc adding songs previously only available on their EPs.

Domino Recording Company
Domino Recording Company, or simply Domino, is a British independent record label based in London. There is also a wing of the label based in Brooklyn, New York that handles releases in the United States, as well as a German division called Domino Deutschland and a French division called Domino France. In addition, Stephen Pastel presides over the subsidiary label Geographic Music, which releases more 'unusual' music from Britain and outside of the Western world. In 2011, the company announced that it was beginning a book publishing division, The Domino Press.
W.A.J.E
W.A.J.E (a backronym for Words Aren't Just Enough) is the debut studio album by Nigerian singer Waje. It was released on 1 May 2013 through Waje Musik Entertainment, and features guest appearances from M.I, Tiwa Savage, J. Martins, Sarkodie, Eva, Phyno, and Burna Boy. Production was handled by Del B, Spellz, E Kelly, Sizzle Pro, Cobhams Asuquo, J. Martins, Pappi J, LeriQ, and M.I. It was supported by the singles "Oko Mi", "I Wish", "Na the Way (Remix)", "Onye", and "No Be You". W.A.J.E was nominated for Hip Hop World Revelation of the Year at the Headies 2013.

The Headies Award for Hip Hop World Revelation of the Year
The Headies Award for Hip Hop World Revelation of the Year is an award presented at The Headies, a ceremony that was established in 2006 and originally called the Hip Hop World Awards. It was first presented to Soul E in 2006.
María Lilia Calam Que
María Lilia Calam Que is a Mexican potter from Tepakán, Campeche in southern Mexico, who specializes in water storage containers called cántaros. Her hometown was known for the making of these vessels but she is one of a handful of potters left who makes them, along with Teodora Cajúm, Claudia Pech Chi, Justina Kan and Rosalía Pan.

Calam Que learned the craft from her mother as a child and her wares stand out for their Mayan designs. The pieces are made of clay which are coated in a slip. Her pieces usually begin with a base made though the use of moulds, then the sides are built up with the coil method, using only a rudimentary wheel to turn the piece.

In addition to the cántaros, she also makes incense burners, candle holders and various other containers, especially for offerings for Day of the Dead.

In 2001, she was named a “grand master” by the Fomento Cultural Banamex and featured in the book Grandes Maestros del Arte Popular.

Hecelchakán
Hecelchakán (Spanish pronunciation: [xeseltʃaˈkan]) is a city in the Mexican state of Campeche. The city is located some 70 km to the north of the state capital Campeche.  It is the seat of the Hecelchakán Municipality. As of 2010, the city of Hecelchakán had a population of 10,285.

The name comes from the Maya words jeʼelel (rest) and chakʼan (savanna).

It is at an altitude of 10 m above sea level.
Prime Minister of Myanmar
The prime minister of Myanmar (Burmese: မြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော်ဝန်ကြီးချုပ်, MLCTS: mranmounghaṅ wan kri khuup.) is the transitional head of government of Myanmar. The incumbent prime minister is Nyo Saw, appointed by the National Defence and Security Council on 31 July 2025. There is no provision for the post in the 2008 Constitution of Myanmar, which names the president as the sole executive.

MLC Transcription System
The Myanmar Language Commission Transcription System (1980), also known as the MLC Transcription System (MLCTS), is a transliteration system for rendering Burmese in the Latin alphabet. It is loosely based on the common system for romanization of Pali, has some similarities to the ALA-LC romanization and was devised by the Myanmar Language Commission. The system is used in many linguistic publications regarding Burmese and is used in MLC publications as the primary form of romanization of Burmese.

The transcription system is based on the orthography of formal Burmese and is not suited for colloquial Burmese, which has substantial differences in phonology from formal Burmese. Differences are mentioned throughout the article.
Brocatelle
Brocatelle is a silk-rich fabric with heavy brocade designs. The material is characterized by satin effects standing out in relief in the warp against a flat ground. It is produced with  jacquard weave by using silk, rayon, cotton, or many synthetic yarns.

Synthetic fiber
Synthetic fibers or synthetic fibres (in British English; see spelling differences) are fibers made by humans through chemical synthesis, as opposed to natural fibers that are directly derived from living organisms, such as plants like cotton or fur from animals. They are the result of extensive research by scientists aimed at replicating naturally occurring animal and plant fibers. In general, synthetic fibers are created by extruding fiber-forming materials through spinnerets, forming a fiber. These are called synthetic or artificial fibers. The word 'polymer' comes from the Greek prefix 'poly,' which means 'many,' and the suffix 'mer,' which means 'single units'. (Note: each single unit of a polymer is called a monomer).
Arnold Feusi
Arnold Joseph Feusi (March 31, 1912 – January 14, 1998) was an American-born educator, civil servant and political figure in Saskatchewan. He represented Pelly from 1952 to 1956 in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan as a Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) member.

He was born in Superior, Wisconsin and moved with his parents to the Langenburg district of Saskatchewan at a young age. Feusi was educated in Langenburg and at the Saskatoon Normal School. He taught school in Langenburg and later Weyburn. In 1941, he married Sally Dilschneider. During World War II, Feusi served in the Royal Canadian Air Force. He was later employed with the provincial departments of Natural Resources and Tourism. Feusi also served on the local school board. He was defeated by Jim Barrie when he ran for reelection to the provincial assembly in 1956. Feusi died in Prince Albert at the age of 85.

Saskatoon Teachers' College
The Saskatoon Teachers' College, originally called the Saskatoon Normal School, was a facility in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada for training teachers.
The school occupied temporary premises at first, then moved to a handsome brick and stone building on Avenue A North in 1922.
It was administered by the provincial department of education.
In 1964 it was merged into the College of Education of the University of Saskatchewan, and became the Avenue A Campus.
2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Connecticut
The 2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Connecticut were held on Tuesday, November 6, 2018, to elect the five U.S. representatives from the state of Connecticut, one from each of the state's five congressional districts. The elections coincided with the gubernatorial election, as well as other elections to the House of Representatives, elections to the United States Senate, and various state and local elections.

Joe Courtney (politician)
Joseph David Courtney (born April 6, 1953) is an American lawyer and politician serving as the U.S. representative for Connecticut's 2nd congressional district since 2007. His district encompasses most of the eastern third of the state, including Norwich and New London. A member of the Democratic Party, Courtney served as the Connecticut state representative for the 56th district from 1987 to 1995 and Vernon town attorney from 2003 until 2006.
Truecasing
Truecasing, also called capitalization recovery, capitalization correction, or case restoration, is the problem in natural language processing (NLP) of determining the proper capitalization of words where such information is unavailable.  This commonly comes up due to the standard practice (in English and many other languages) of automatically capitalizing the first word of a sentence.  It can also arise in badly cased or noncased text (for example, all-lowercase or all-uppercase text messages).

Truecasing is only necessary for orthographies that have casing. This includes most languages written in the Latin, Greek, Cyrillic and Armenian scripts.

Armenian alphabet
The Armenian alphabet (Armenian: Հայոց գրեր, romanized: Hayocʼ grer or Հայոց այբուբեն, Hayocʼ aybuben) or, more broadly, the Armenian script, is an alphabetic writing system developed for Armenian and occasionally used to write other languages. It was developed around 405 AD by Mesrop Mashtots, an Armenian linguist and ecclesiastical leader. The script originally had 36 letters. Eventually, two more were adopted in the 13th century. In the reformed Armenian orthography (1920s), the ligature և, ev, is also treated as a letter, bringing the total number of letters to 39.

The Armenian word for 'alphabet' is այբուբեն, aybuben, named after the first two letters of the Armenian alphabet: ⟨Ա⟩ այբ, ayb, and ⟨Բ⟩ բեն, ben. Armenian is written horizontally, left to right.
Draculoides christopherleei
Draculoides christopherleei is a species of schizomid arachnids (commonly known as sprickets or short-tailed whip-scorpions) in the Hubbardiidae family. It is endemic to Australia. It was described in 2020 by Australian arachnologists Kym Abrams and Mark Harvey.

Mark Harvey (arachnologist)
Mark Stephen Harvey (born 17 September 1958) is a museum scientist and biologist specializing in Australian arachnids. Since 1989 he has been based at the Western Australian Museum as Curator of Arachnids and Myriapods. He has described over 1,000 species, being one of the few biologists to do so.
Ministry of Enterprises (Turkey)
Ministry of Enterprises was a former Turkish government ministry.

Ministry of Enterprises was the former name of the Ministry of Science, Industry and Technology between 10 June 1948 to 2 September 1957.

However, in the 42nd government of Turkey, a separate ministry was established by the name of Ministry of Enterprises along with the Ministry of Industry on 5 January 1978. While the Ministry of Industry was responsible in the industry and technology in Turkey, the Ministry of Enterprises would be responsible in state-owned complexes. However, during the formation of the next government, the Ministry of Enterprises was merged to the Ministry of Industry on 12 November 1979.

Ministry of Industry and Technology
The Ministry of Industry and Technology (Turkish: Sanayi ve Teknoloji Bakanlığı) is a government ministry office of the Republic of Turkey, responsible for industrial and commercial affairs in Turkey. The ministry is headed by Mehmet Fatih Kacır.
Roosevelt station (CTA)
Roosevelt is an "L" station on the CTA's Red, Green, and Orange Lines, located between the Chicago Loop and the Near South Side in Chicago, Illinois. It is situated at 1167 S State Street, just north of Roosevelt Road. The station is also the closest "L" station to the Museum Campus of Chicago and Soldier Field, which are about 1⁄2 mile (800 m) to the east. The Museum Campus/11th Street Metra station is also about 1⁄3 mile (500 m) to the east. A transfer tunnel connects the subway station (Roosevelt/State), served by Red Line trains, and the elevated station (Roosevelt/Wabash), served by Green and Orange Line trains.

Chicago Transit Authority
The Chicago Transit Authority (CTA) is a public transit agency in Chicago, Illinois, United States. It operates the Chicago "L" rail system and CTA bus services.

The CTA was established as an independent governmental agency by the Metropolitan Transportation Act passed by the Illinois General Assembly on April 12, 1945. It started operations on October 1, 1947, upon the purchase and combination of the transportation assets of the Chicago Rapid Transit Company and the Chicago Surface Lines streetcar system. In 1952, CTA purchased the assets of the Chicago Motor Coach Company, resulting in a fully unified system. Today, the CTA is one of the three service boards financially supported by the Regional Transportation Authority, and CTA service connects with Metra commuter rail and Pace Suburban Bus.

In 2025, the system had a ridership of 319,160,900, or about 971,400 per weekday as of the fourth quarter of 2025.
Colquhoun Peak
Colquhoun Peak is a 5,173-foot-elevation (1,577-meter) mountain summit located in the southeast corner of King County in Washington state. It is set on land managed by Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest. It is situated 3.1 mi (5.0 km) southeast of Kelly Butte and three miles west of the crest of the Cascade Range. Precipitation runoff from Colquhoun Peak drains into tributaries of the Greenwater River. Topographic relief is significant as the summit rises nearly 2,800 feet (850 meters) above the river in 1.5 mile. It once hosted a fire lookout tower.

Greenwater River
The Greenwater River is a river in the U.S. state of Washington. Its watershed drains a portion of the Cascade Range east and northeast of Mount Rainier, including parts of the Norse Peak Wilderness. The Greenwater River flows into the White River at Greenwater, which eventually flows into Puget Sound via the Puyallup River. The Greenwater River defines part of the boundary between King and Pierce counties.
Stella Tremblay
Stella Tremblay is an American former legislator. She represented Rockingham County from Auburn in the New Hampshire House of Representatives.

Tremblay was born in Italy and is a Mormon. She was first elected to the state legislature in 2010 (representing Rockingham District 3) and reelected in 2012 (representing Rockingham District 4). She resigned in disgrace from the legislature on June 20, 2013, after claiming that the people who had their legs blown off in the April 2013 Boston Marathon bombings were faking their injuries.

Rockingham County, New Hampshire
Rockingham County is the easternmost county in the U.S. state of New Hampshire. As of the 2020 census, the population was 314,176, making it New Hampshire's second-most populous county. The county seat is Brentwood. Rockingham County is part of the Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH Metropolitan Statistical Area and the greater Boston-Worcester-Providence, MA-RI-NH-CT Combined Statistical Area. Per the 2020 census, it was New Hampshire's fastest growing county from 2010 to 2020.

As of 2014–2018 estimates from the American Community Survey, Rockingham County was the fourth- wealthiest county in New England, with a median household income of $90,429.
Novomykhailivka, Kharkiv Oblast
Novomykhailivka (Ukrainian: Новомихайлівка) is a village in Krasnohrad Raion, Kharkiv Oblast (province) of Ukraine.

Until 18 July 2020, Novomykhailivka was located in Sakhnovschyna Raion. The raion was abolished on 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Kharkiv Oblast to seven. The area of Sakhnovschyna Raion was merged into Krasnohrad Raion.

Sakhnovshchyna Raion
Sakhnovschyna Raion (Ukrainian: Сахновщинський район) was a raion (district) in Kharkiv Oblast of Ukraine. Its administrative center was the urban-type settlement of Sakhnovshchyna. The raion was abolished on 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Kharkiv Oblast to seven. The area of Sakhnovschyna Raion was merged into Krasnohrad Raion. The last estimate of the raion population was 20,181 (2020 est.)

At the time of disestablishment, the raion consisted of one hromada, Sakhnovshchyna settlement hromada with the administration in Sakhnovshchyna.
Carlos Torres (Peruvian footballer)
Carlos Antonio Torres Garay (born 25 June 1966) is a Peruvian former footballer who played as a midfielder. He made five appearances for the Peru national team in 1989. He was also part of Peru's squad for the 1989 Copa América tournament.

1989 Copa América
The 1989 Copa América football tournament was hosted by Brazil, from 1 to 16 July. All ten CONMEBOL member nations participated.

Brazil won their fourth Copa América, and first since 1949, by beating Uruguay 1–0 in the final match at the Estádio do Maracanã. This achievement ended a 19-year streak without official titles for the Brazilians. The last one had been in the 1970 World Cup. The final match between Brazil and Uruguay on Maracanã Stadium also marks exactly 39 years, on another 16 July since the FIFA World Cup 1950 Final.

Moreover, Brazil was victorious in the Copa América after a 40-year hiatus, and this achievement ended Brazil's 19-year streak without an official championship since the 1970 World Cup.

The top scorer was Brazilian Bebeto. He scored six times, including three in the final group stage.
I've Got Bonnie
"I've Got Bonnie" is a song written by Gerry Goffin and Carole King, which was released by Bobby Rydell in 1962. The song spent 11 weeks on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, peaking at No. 18, while reaching No. 5 on Canada's CHUM Hit Parade along with the B-side "Lose Her".

Gerry Goffin
Gerald Goffin (February 11, 1939 – June 19, 2014) was an American lyricist. Collaborating initially with his first wife, Carole King, he co-wrote many international pop hits of the early and mid-1960s, including the US No. 1 hits "Will You Love Me Tomorrow", "Take Good Care of My Baby", "The Loco-Motion", and "Go Away Little Girl".  It was later said of Goffin that his gift was "to find words that expressed what many young people were feeling but were unable to articulate."

After he and King divorced, Goffin wrote with other composers, including Barry Goldberg and Michael Masser, with whom he wrote "Theme from Mahogany (Do You Know Where You're Going To)" and "Saving All My Love for You", also No. 1 hits. During his career, Goffin wrote more than 114 Billboard Hot 100 hits, including eight chart-toppers, and 72 UK hits. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1990, with Carole King.
Joseph Collins (neurologist)
Joseph Collins (September 22, 1866–June 11, 1950) was an American neurologist, born in Brookfield, Connecticut. He received the degree of M.D. from New York University in 1888, and after some years of private practice took up the specialty of neurology; in 1907, he was made a professor of that subject in the New York Post-Graduate Medical School.  He was later a co-founder and visiting physician to the New York Neurological Institute.

New York University Grossman School of Medicine
The New York University Grossman School of Medicine (previously the New York University School of Medicine from 1960 to 2019) is one of the two medical schools of New York University, the other being NYU Grossman Long Island School of Medicine. Both are part of NYU Langone Health. The school was founded in 1841.
Rognhaugen
Rognhaugen is a mountain in Eastern Norway. The mountain lies along the border of Gran Municipality in Innlandet county and Hurdal Municipality in Akershus county. The 720-metre (2,360 ft) tall mountain is located about 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) east of the village of Jaren and about 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) west of the lake Hurdalsjøen.

Eastern Norway
Eastern Norway (Bokmål: Østlandet, Nynorsk: Austlandet) is the geographical region of the south-eastern part of Norway. It consists of the counties Oslo, Akershus, Vestfold, Østfold, Buskerud, Telemark, and Innlandet.

Eastern Norway is by far the most populous region of Norway. It contains the country's capital, Oslo, which is Norway's most populous city.

In Norwegian, the region is called Østlandet and Austlandet (lit. 'The east land') in contrast to Vestlandet (lit. 'The west land').
Idington, Minnesota
Idington is an unincorporated community in Angora Township, Saint Louis County, Minnesota, United States; located within the Sturgeon River State Forest.

The community is located between Cook and Virginia at the intersection of U.S. Highway 53 and Saint Louis County Road 936 (Hannula Road).

County Road 467 (Heino Road) is also in the area.

Cook, Minnesota
Cook is a city in Saint Louis County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 534 at the 2020 census.

U.S. Highway 53 and State Highway 1 (MN 1) are the two main routes through the city. Cook serves as the gateway to the western half of Lake Vermilion.