hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2022 Central Somalia offensive
Starting in August 2022, the Somali government and allies launched an offensive against al-Shabaab in the Hiran region of Hirshabelle state, successfully recapturing many areas that had been under al-Shabaab control for decades. The offensive was one of the first acts of Hassan Sheikh Mohamud's presidency, and coincided with a rebellion against al-Shabaab by Ma'awisley clan militias in June 2022. The offensive eventually expanded to Middle Shabelle and Galguduud regions, marking the most successful Somali government offensive in years.

After the government's success in Hirshabelle, it attempted to capitalize on these gains with a second offensive in southern Somalia's South West State and Jubaland in 2023. This offensive, dubbed Operation Black Lion, did not wield as many successes as the Hirshabelle offensive and reversed some Somali government gains made in the first offensive.

South West State of Somalia
The South-West State of Somalia
(Somali: Koonfur Galbeed, Maay: Koofur Orsé) is a federal member state in southwestern Somalia. It was founded by Mohamed Ibrahim Habsade, leader of the Somalia RRA on 1 April 2002. It was the third autonomous region to be established.

After its dissolution in 2005, the territory was re-established in November 2009 as an official federal member state of Somalia. Sharif Hassan was selected the president of this state. The official capital of South-West state is Barawa, located on the coast of the Somali Sea, though the state administration is currently based in Baidoa.
1974 Scottish Cup final
The 1974 Scottish Cup Final was played on 4 May 1974 at Hampden Park in Glasgow and was the final of the 89th Scottish Cup. Celtic and Dundee United contested the match, Celtic won the match 3–0 with goals from Harry Hood, Steve Murray and Dixie Deans.

The game was Celtic's sixth successive appearance in the final, and Dundee United's first cup final appearance. It was Celtic's 23rd Scottish cup.

In a poor game Celtic rarely looked troubled by the young Dundee United team who appeared nervous in their first cup final appearance.  Though United's Doug Houston put a couple of early chances wide, after that Celtic had the bulk of the play and once Harry Hood scored in the 20th minute the result never looked in doubt.

Dixie Deans
John Kelly "Dixie" Deans (30 July 1946 – 9 December 2025) was a Scottish footballer who played as a centre forward in the 1960s and 1970s, primarily for Motherwell and Celtic. Deans played in two international matches for Scotland, both in 1974. A prolific goal-scorer, Deans was nicknamed "Dixie" in honour of Everton and England centre-forward Dixie Dean.
Tyrannion of Tyre
Saint Tyrannion (or Tyrannio) was the bishop of Tyre who was martyred during the Diocletianic persecution in 311. His feast day in the Roman Martyrology is February 20.

According to Eusebius of Caesarea, he was thrown into the sea and drowned at Antioch, which lies on the Orontes river, not the coast. Rufinus of Aquileia also mentions him, but does not mention how he met his death. He was killed along with one of his priests, Zenobius. In the past the Roman Martyrology conflated the deaths of Tyrannion and Zenobius, which took place at Antioch in 311, with the execution of five young Christians at Tyre in 303. The martyrs of Tyre also share the feast day of February 20.

Orontes River
The Orontes (/ɔːˈrɒntiːz/; from Ancient Greek Ὀρόντης, Oróntēs) or Nahr al-ʿĀṣī, or simply Asi (Arabic: العاصي, romanized: al-‘Āṣī, IPA: [alˈʕaːsˤiː]; Turkish: Asi) is a 571 kilometres (355 mi) long river in West Asia that begins in Lebanon, flowing northwards through Syria before entering the Mediterranean Sea near Samandağ in Hatay Province, Turkey.

As the chief river of the northern Levant, the Orontes has been the site of many major battles including the Battle of Kadesh (13th century BCE), and water distribution remains a controversial issue between the countries in the region. Among the most important cities on the river are Homs, Hama, Jisr al-Shughur, and Antakya (the ancient Antioch, which was also known as "Antioch on the Orontes").
Shamim Nambassa
Shamim Nambassa (born 1999) is a Ugandan pharmacist, politician, public health advocate and activist  who was the 87th Guild President of Makerere University. She is the Woman Lord Councillor LC5 elect for Kawempe South.

Kawempe Division
Kawempe Division (sub-county)  is one of the five divisions that comprise the city of Kampala along with Makindye division, Lubaga division, Nakawa division and Central division, It has 19 parishes and 771 villages. The parishes include Bwaise I, Kanyanya, Kazo ward, Kyebando, Makerere iii, Mulago I, Bwaise ii, Kawempe I, Kikaya, Makerere I, Mpererwe, Mulago iii, Bwaise III, Kawempe ii, Komambogo, Makerere ii, Mulago i, Makerere University. The division's current mayor is Dr. Emmanuel Serunjogi.
Lubiec
Lubiec [ˈlubjɛt͡s] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szczerców, within Bełchatów County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) north of Szczerców, 17 km (11 mi) west of Bełchatów, and 52 km (32 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

The village has an approximate population of 300.

Bełchatów County
Bełchatów County (Polish: powiat bełchatowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Bełchatów, which lies 47 kilometres (29 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź. The only other town in the county is Zelów, lying 16 km (10 mi) north-west of Bełchatów.

The county covers an area of 969.21 square kilometres (374.2 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 112,640, out of which the population of Bełchatów is 62,062, that of Zelów is 8,173, and the rural population is 42,405.
2017 Scottish Women's Cup
The 2017 SWF Scottish Cup, known as the 2017 SSE Scottish Women's Cup for sponsorship reasons,  was the 46th official edition (48th overall) of the main national cup competition in Scottish women's football. All teams in the Scottish Women's Football League and SWPL 1 & 2 were eligible to enter.

Scottish Women's Premier League
The Scottish Women's Premier League (SWPL) is the highest level of league competition in women's football in Scotland. Its two divisions are SWPL (previously styled as SWPL 1) and SWPL 2. The league was formed when the Premier Division of the Scottish Women's Football League (SWFL) broke away to form the SWPL in 2002. SWPL 2 was introduced in 2016.

The divisions contain (in the 2022–23 season) 12 clubs in SWPL and eight in SWPL 2. Glasgow City have won 16 championships, including 14 in succession from 2007–08 until 2020–21. The champions and runners-up qualify for the UEFA Women's Champions League.

From 2002, the league was owned and managed by Scottish Women's Football. Administration of the SWPL was taken over by the Scottish Football Association in 2007, then by the Scottish Professional Football League in 2022. The SWPL runs on the winter calendar but operated a summer-season format from 2009 until 2020.
Mitch Murray
Mitch Murray CBE (born Lionel Michael Stitcher; 30 January 1940) is an English songwriter, record producer and author. He has won two Ivor Novello Awards, including the Jimmy Kennedy Award.  Murray has written, or co-written, songs that have produced five UK and three US chart-topping records. He has also been awarded the Gold Badge of Merit by the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors.

Ivor Novello Awards
The Ivor Novello Awards, named after the Welsh entertainer Ivor Novello, are awards for songwriting and composing. They have been presented annually in London by the Ivors Academy, formerly called the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers, and Authors, since 1956.
JMall
JMall (Chinese: JMall食尚廣場) is a shopping center located in Xitun District, Taichung, Taiwan that opened in 2011. In 2017, the mall closed for renovation and reopened on 15 June 2018 as a dining hub featuring a wide variety of eateries from fast food joints to other upscale venues. Main core stores in the mall include Tim Ho Wan, Formosa Chang, Yi Fang Tea and various themed restaurants.

Tim Ho Wan
Tim Ho Wan (Chinese: 添好運) is a Hong Kong dim sum restaurant chain. Having known previously for being "the world's cheapest Michelin-star restaurant", the chain has since expanded and now has franchises in 12 countries.
Eli Robinson
Eli Robinson (June 23, 1908 – December 24, 1972) was an American jazz trombonist and arranger.

After working in Cincinnati in bands led by Speed Webb and Zack Whyte, as well as McKinney's Cotton Pickers, and making his first recordings in 1935 with Blanche Calloway.

In 1936, he moved to New York City, where he was a member of the Teddy Hill and Willie Bryant big bands and the Mills Blue Rhythm Band. Three years later he played with Roy Eldridge and joined the big band of Lucky Millinder. Beginning in 1941, he spent several years as a member of the Count Basie Orchestra. He returned to working with Millinder, then joined Buddy Tate in 1954. Robinson never recorded as a leader.

Lucky Millinder
Lucius Venable "Lucky" Millinder (August 8, 1910 – September 28, 1966) was an American swing and rhythm-and-blues bandleader. Although he could not read or write music, did not play an instrument and rarely sang, his showmanship and musical taste made his bands successful. His group was said to have been the greatest big band to play rhythm and blues, and gave work to a number of musicians who later became influential at the dawn of the rock and roll era. He was inducted into the Alabama Jazz Hall of Fame in 1986.
Wetria australiensis
Wetria australiensis is a species of plant in the family Euphorbiaceae, native to Papua New Guinea and the state of Queensland, Australia. It is a small tree to about 15 m (49 ft) tall, first described in 1994 by New Zealand-born botanist Paul Irwin Forster.

Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae (/juːˈfɔːrbiˌeɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/), the spurge family, is a large family of flowering plants. In English, they are also commonly called euphorbias, which is also the name of the type genus of the family. Most spurges, such as Euphorbia paralias, are herbs, but some, especially in the tropics, are shrubs or trees, such as Hevea brasiliensis. Some, such as Euphorbia canariensis,: 206  are succulent and resemble cacti because of convergent evolution. This family has a cosmopolitan global distribution. The greatest diversity of species is in the tropics; however, the Euphorbiaceae also have many species in nontropical areas of all continents except Antarctica.
Omicron Hydrae
Omicron Hydrae (ο Hya) is the Bayer designation for a solitary star in the equatorial constellation Hydra. At one time it bore the Flamsteed designation 25 Crateris, but this is no longer used by astronomers so as to avoid confusion. With an apparent visual magnitude of 4.70, this star is visible to the naked eye. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 7.27 mas, it is located around 449 light years from the Sun.

This is a B-type main sequence star with a stellar classification of B9 V. It has completed an estimated 98.4%±1.1% of its lifetime on the main sequence. With 3.56 times the mass of the Sun, it radiates 309 times the Sun's luminosity from its outer atmosphere at an effective temperature of 10,495 K. The rate of spin is relatively high, with a projected rotational velocity of 160 km/s.

Stellar rotation
Stellar rotation is the angular motion of a star about its axis. The rate of rotation can be measured from the spectrum of the star, or by timing the movements of active features on the surface.

The rotation of a star produces an equatorial bulge due to centrifugal force. As stars are not solid bodies, they can also undergo differential rotation. Thus the equator of the star can rotate at a different angular velocity than the higher latitudes. These differences in the rate of rotation within a star may have a significant role in the generation of a stellar magnetic field.

In its turn, the magnetic field of a star interacts with the stellar wind. As the wind moves away from the star its angular speed decreases. The magnetic field of the star interacts with the wind, which applies a drag to the stellar rotation. As a result, angular momentum is transferred from the star to the wind, and over time this gradually slows the star's rate of rotation.
Al-Uyur
Al-Uyur (Arabic: العيور) is a village in central Syria, administratively part of the Salamiyah District of the Hama Governorate. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), al-Uyur had a population of 843 in the 2004 census.

Salamiyah District
Salamiyah (Arabic: سلمية Salamīya) is a district (mantiqah) administratively belonging to Hama Governorate, Syria. At the 2004 Census it had a population of 187,123. Its administrative district is the city of Salamiyah.
Montdidier, Somme
Montdidier (French pronunciation: [mɔ̃didje]; Picard: Montdidji or Mondidji) is a commune in the Somme department in the administrative region of Hauts-de-France (historically Picardy), northern France.

Antoine-Augustin Parmentier
Antoine-Augustin Parmentier (UK: /pɑːrˈmɛntieɪ, -ˈmɒnt-/, US: /ˌpɑːrmənˈtjeɪ/; French: [ɑ̃twan oɡystɛ̃ paʁmɑ̃tje]; 12 August 1737 – 13 December 1813) was a French pharmacist and agronomist, best remembered as a vocal promoter of the potato as a food source for humans in France and throughout Europe.  His many other contributions to nutrition and health included establishing the first mandatory smallpox vaccination campaign in France (under Napoleon beginning in 1805, when he was Inspector-General of the Health Service) and pioneering the extraction of sugar from sugar beets. Parmentier also founded a school of breadmaking and studied methods of conserving food, including refrigeration.
Time Machine (macOS)
Time Machine is the backup mechanism of macOS, the desktop operating system developed by Apple. The software is designed to work with both local storage devices and network-attached disks, and is commonly used with external disk drives connected using either USB or Thunderbolt. It was introduced in Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard, which was released in October 2007 and incrementally refined in subsequent releases of macOS. Time Machine was revamped in macOS 11 Big Sur to support APFS, which enabled faster and more reliable backups.

MacOS Tahoe
macOS Tahoe (version 26) is the twenty-second major release of Apple's macOS operating system. The successor to macOS Sequoia, it was announced at WWDC 2025 on June 9, 2025, and its first developer beta was released the same day. It was released on September 15, 2025.

Tahoe is the final version of macOS that supports Macs with Intel processors; the 2020 iMac, the 2019 16-inch MacBook Pro, the 2020 4-port 13-inch MacBook Pro, and the 2019 Mac Pro models are supported. Future versions will work only on Macs with Apple silicon systems on a chip (SoCs). It is the first version of macOS since Mac OS X Snow Leopard that cannot be upgraded from an older version via the Mac App Store; upgrading it is exclusively available through the System Settings software update preference pane, as is the case with iOS.
Watson–Schwartz test
The Watson–Schwartz test is a screening test for diagnosing intermittent porphyria, although it might also become positive in porphyria cutanea tarda (a skin form of porphyria). In this method, porphobilinogen is detected by a color reaction with Ehrlich reagent and confirming that the color is not removed by chloroform. As the test is just a screening test, it usually is confirmed by a more specific test such as a Hoesch test.

Chloroform
Chloroform, or trichloromethane (often abbreviated as TCM), is an organochloride with the formula CHCl3 and a common solvent. It is a volatile, colorless, sweet-smelling, dense liquid produced on a large scale as a precursor to refrigerants and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Chloroform was once used as an inhalational anesthetic between the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century. It is miscible with many solvents but it is only very slightly soluble in water (only 8 g/L at 20°C).
Sağman, Pertek
Sağman is a village in the Pertek District, Tunceli Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Turks and had a population of 156 in 2021.

The hamlets of Arılar, Çıkınlı, Çukurbağ, Dağarcık, Dillice, Kabalı and Sorkunbağı are attached to the village.

Tunceli Province
Tunceli Province (Turkish: Tunceli ili), formerly Dersim Province (Kurdish: Parêzgeha Dêrsim; Zazaki: Dêsim wilayet; Armenian: Տէրսիմի մարզ), is a province in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. Its central city is Tunceli. The province has a Kurdish majority. Moreover, it is the only province in Turkey with an Alevi majority. The province has eight municipalities, 366 villages and 1,087 hamlets.
Bruvik Church
Bruvik Church (Norwegian: Bruvik kyrkje) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Osterøy Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located in the village of Bruvik. It is the church for the Bruvik parish which is part of the Åsane prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Bjørgvin. The white, wooden church was built in a long church design in 1867 using plans drawn up by the architect Frederik Hannibal Stockfleth. The church seats about 350 people.

Diocese of Bjørgvin
The Diocese of Bjørgvin (Norwegian: Bjørgvin bispedømme) is one of the 11 dioceses that make up the Church of Norway. It includes all of the churches located in the county of Vestland in Western Norway, and those outside of Norway in the Seamen's Church. The cathedral city is Bergen, Norway's second largest city. Bergen Cathedral, formerly the Church of Saint Olaf, serves as the seat of the presiding Bishop. The Bishop since 2023 has been Ragnhild Jepsen.
Willi Soya
Wilhelm Soya (born 11 November 1935 – 4 July 1990), commonly known as Willi Soya, was a German professional footballer who played as a midfielder. He spent almost his entire career in the first-tier: in the Oberliga West with Schalke 04, in the Oberliga Nord for Werder Bremen, and in the Bundesliga for Werder Bremen after the league's establishment in 1963. He became German national champion with Schalke in 1958 and with Werder Bremen in 1964–65. After his second title, he left Werder Bremen and spent his final year of professional football with ASV Bergedorf 85 in the second-tier Regionalliga Nord.

Oberliga Nord (1947–1963)
The Oberliga Nord (English: Premier league North) was the highest level of the German football league system in the north of Germany from 1947 until the formation of the Bundesliga in 1963. It covered the states of Lower Saxony, Bremen, Hamburg, and Schleswig-Holstein.
Gaspard and Lisa (TV series)
Gaspard and Lisa is an animated entertainment series aimed at pre-school children. The series is based on the books written by Anne Gutman and illustrated by Georg Hallensleben. The series was made as a co-production between Chorion and animation company Impossible TV. It debuted at the end of 2010 on TF1 in France. In the UK, it aired from 1 May 2011 to 13 July 2013 on CITV.

TF1
TF1 (French: [te ɛf œ̃] ⓘ; standing for Télévision Française 1) is a French commercial television network owned by TF1 Group, controlled by the Bouygues conglomerate. TF1's average market share of 24% makes it the most popular domestic network.

TF1 is part of the TF1 Group of mass media companies, which also includes the news channel LCI. It previously owned the satellite TV provider TPS, which was sold to Canal+ Group.

The network is a supporter of the Hybrid Broadcast Broadband TV (HBBTV) initiative, promoting and establishing an open European standard for hybrid set-top boxes for the reception of terrestrial TV and broadband multimedia applications with a single user interface.
Hardwick Lodge Meadow
Hardwick Lodge Meadow is a 10 hectare biological Site of Special Scientific Interest north-west of Wellingborough in Northamptonshire.

This unimproved grassland on boulder clay has a rich variety of flora, including many rare in the county. Crested hair-grass and salad burnet are found in drier parts, and a marshy area next to a stream has common spotted-orchid and the only population in Northamptonshire of heath spotted-orchid.

There is access by a footpath which crosses the field.

Koeleria macrantha
Koeleria macrantha is a species of grass known by the common name prairie Junegrass in North America and crested hair-grass in the UK. It is widespread across much of Eurasia and North America. It occurs in many habitat types.
Don College
Don College is a government comprehensive senior secondary school located in Devonport on the north-western coast of Tasmania. "The Don", as it is commonly known to residents of Devonport, is situated by the Don River and enjoys views of the river and surrounding forest reserve. The college caters to approximately 800 students in Years 10, 11 and 12 and is administered by the Tasmanian Department of Education. Don College attracts students from Penguin and Deloraine.

In 2023, student enrolments were 777. The principal, since 2010, is John Thompson.

Education in Australia
Education in Australia encompasses the sectors of early childhood education (preschool and pre-primary) and primary education (primary schools), followed by secondary education (high schools and senior high schools), and finally tertiary education, which includes higher education (universities and other higher education providers) and vocational education (registered training organisations). Regulation and funding of education is primarily the responsibility of the States and territories; however, the Australian Government also contributes to funding.

Education in Australia is compulsory between the ages of four, five, or six and fifteen, sixteen or seventeen, depending on the state or territory and the date of birth.
Taiji, Wakayama
Taiji (太地町, Taiji-chō) is a town located in Higashimuro District, Wakayama Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 August 2021, the town had an estimated population of 2960 in 1567 households and a population density of 510 persons per km2. The total area of the town is 255.23 square kilometres (98.54 sq mi). Taiji is the smallest municipality by area in Wakayama Prefecture.

Wakayama Prefecture
Wakayama Prefecture (和歌山県, Wakayama-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [wa.kaꜜ.ja.ma, wa.ka.ja.maꜜ.keɴ]) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kansai region of Honshu.: 1026  Wakayama Prefecture has a population of 876,030 (as of 1 February 2025) and a geographic area of 4,724 square kilometres (1,824 sq mi). Wakayama Prefecture borders Osaka Prefecture to the north, and Mie Prefecture and Nara Prefecture to the northeast.

Wakayama is the capital and largest city of Wakayama Prefecture, with other major cities including Tanabe, Hashimoto, and Kinokawa.: 1025  Wakayama Prefecture is located on the southwestern coast of the Kii Peninsula on the Kii Channel, connecting the Pacific Ocean and Seto Inland Sea, across from Tokushima Prefecture on the island of Shikoku.
Caudotestis ventichthysi
Caudotestis ventichthysi is a species of trematodes inhabiting hydrothermal vent fishes (particularly Ventichthys biospeedoi) in the south eastern Pacific Ocean. It can be distinguished from its family by its symmetrical testicular configuration; its uterus passing between the testes. Furthermore, what differentiates it from its cogenerates is caecal length; cirrus sac length; its internal seminal vesicle's shape; vitelline extent and arrangement, as well as forebody length and egg-size.

Trematoda
Trematoda is a class of flatworms known as trematodes, and commonly as flukes. They are obligate internal parasites with a complex life cycle requiring at least two hosts. The intermediate host, in which asexual reproduction occurs, is a mollusk, usually a snail. The definitive host, where the flukes sexually reproduce, is a vertebrate. Infection by trematodes can cause disease in all five vertebrate groups: mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles, and fish.