hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mohammed al-Ghazali
Sheikh Mohammed al-Ghazali al-Saqqa (1917–1996) (Arabic: الشيخ محمد الغزالي السقا) was an Islamic scholar whose writings "have influenced generations of Egyptians". The author of 94 books, he attracted a broad following with works that sought to interpret Islam and its holy book, the Qur'an, in a modern light. He is widely credited with contributing to a revival of Islamic faith in Egypt in recent times, and has been called (by Gilles Kepel) "one of the most revered sheikhs in the Muslim world".

Farag Foda
Farag Foda (Arabic: فرج فودة [ˈfɑɾɑɡ ˈfoːdæ, ˈfuːdæ]; 20 August 1945 – 8 June 1992) was a prominent Egyptian professor, writer, columnist, and human rights activist.

He was assassinated on 8 June 1992 by members of the Islamist group al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya after being accused of blasphemy by a committee of scholars (ulama) at al-Azhar University.

Farag Foda was one of 202 people killed by "Islamist motivated assaults" in Egypt between March 1992 and September 1993.  In December 1992, his collected works were banned.
Gwen Parry-Jones
Gwen Parry-Jones OBE FREng is a British engineer and the current CEO of Great British Nuclear. She has previously held a number of key managerial positions at energy companies, including Magnox Ltd and EDF Energy.

Parry-Jones has also held a number of industry & government roles in the UK, including a being a member of Civil Nuclear Police Authority Board between 2014 and 2018.

Great British Energy – Nuclear
Great British Energy – Nuclear (GBE-N) is a nuclear energy and fuels company owned by the UK Government. It is a non-departmental public body sponsored by the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero.

From its creation as British Nuclear Fuels Limited (BNFL) in 1971 to 2010, it functioned as a manufacturer of nuclear fuel (notably MOX), ran reactors, generated and sold electricity, reprocessed and managed spent fuel (mainly at Sellafield), and decommissioned nuclear plants and other similar facilities.

It was resurrected in July 2023 under the trading name Great British Nuclear, to coordinate the UK nuclear industry to help achieve government net-zero targets. The company formally changed its name to Great British Energy – Nuclear on 20 March 2024.
Torkar
Torkar is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Igor Torkar (1913–2004), pen name of Boris Fakin, Slovene writer

Isidor Torkar (born 1960), Swedish actor from Slovenia

Silvo Torkar (born 1954), Slovene linguist

Isidor Torkar
Isidor Torkar (born 17 August 1960 in Slovenia) is a Swedish actor. He started his career in 1975 when he started as amateur actor at Skånska teatern in Landskrona where he was engaged until 1982 when he became a professional actor.
Elk's Head of Huittinen
Elk's Head of Huittinen (Finnish: Huittisten hirvenpää, also known as Moose's Head) is a Mesolithic moose head figurine of soapstone found in 1903 from Huittinen in the province of Satakunta, Finland. The sculpture is dated to between 8,000 and 9,000 years ago. It is placed in the permanent exhibition of National Museum of Finland in Helsinki. Replicas are displayed in the Museum of Huittinen and in the sculpture collection of University of Helsinki. Elk's Head is most likely the best-known archaeological artifact in Finland.

Soapstone
Soapstone (also known as steatite or soaprock) is a talc-schist, which is a type of metamorphic rock.  It is composed largely of the magnesium-rich mineral talc.  It is produced by dynamothermal metamorphism and metasomatism, which occur in subduction zones, changing rocks by heat and pressure, with influx of fluids but without melting. It has been a carving medium for thousands of years.
SC Mecheria
Sari Chabab Mecheria (Arabic: سريع شباب المشرية), known as SC Mecheria or simply SCM for short, is an Algerian football club based in Mécheria. The club was founded in 1936 and its colours are red and white. Their home stadium, 20 August 1955 Stadium, has a capacity of 10,000 spectators. The club is currently playing in the Inter-Régions Division.

Interregional League
The Interregional Football League (Arabic: رابطة مابين الجهات لكرة القدم) is the third-highest division overall in the Algerian football league system. The division has six groups based on the region of the country, which are East, West and Centre-East, Centre-West, South-east and South-west each containing 16 teams from their respective regions. Each year, the first from each group are promoted to League 2 and the last three clubs from each group are relegated to the Ligue Régional I.
French grammar
French grammar is the set of rules by which the French language creates statements, questions and commands. In many respects, it is quite similar to that of the other Romance languages.

French is a moderately inflected language. Nouns and most pronouns are inflected for number (singular or plural, though in most nouns the plural is pronounced the same as the singular even if spelled differently); adjectives, for number and gender (masculine or feminine) of their nouns; personal pronouns and a few other pronouns, for person, number, gender, and case; and verbs, for tense, aspect, mood, and the person and number of their subjects. Case is primarily marked using word order and prepositions, while certain verb features are marked using auxiliary verbs.

Word order
In linguistics, word order (also known as linear order) is the order of the syntactic constituents of a language. Word order typology studies it from a cross-linguistic perspective, and examines how languages employ different orders. Correlations between orders found in different syntactic sub-domains are also of interest.
Manger Municipality
Manger is a former municipality in the old Hordaland county, Norway. The 33.9-square-kilometre (13.1 sq mi) municipality existed from 1838 until its dissolution in 1964. The area is now part of Alver Municipality in the traditional district of Nordhordland in Vestland county. The administrative centre was the village of Manger where Manger Church is located.

Prior to its dissolution in 1964, the 33.9-square-kilometre (13.1 sq mi) municipality was the 607th largest by area out of the 689 municipalities in Norway. Manger Municipality was the 561st most populous municipality in Norway with a population of about 1,328. The municipality's population density was 39.2 inhabitants per square kilometre (102/sq mi) and its population had increased by 1.4% over the previous 10-year period.

Nordhordland
Nordhordland is a traditional district in the western part of Norway. The district consists of the northern portion of the old Hordaland county (now part of Vestland county), north of the city of Bergen. It includes the municipalities of Alver, Austrheim, Fedje, Masfjorden, Modalen, Osterøy, and Vaksdal. The district roughly corresponds to the Nordhordland prosti, a Church of Norway deanery. Historically, Gulen Municipality to the north was included in the district.
Einomaru Station
Einomaru Station (永犬丸駅, Einomaru-eki) is a passenger railway station located in Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyūshū. It is operated by the private transportation company Chikuhō Electric Railroad (Chikutetsu), and has station number CK08.

Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyūshū
Yahatanishi-ku (八幡西区) is a ward of Kitakyūshū, Fukuoka, Japan. It covers 83.04 square kilometres, and had a population of 260,318 in January, 2005.  The ward contains JR Kurosaki Station, and JR Orio Station on the Kagoshima Main Line, with several schools and universities nearby. It is chiefly a residential area, bounded by the Onga river in the West.

In the south of the ward by the Onga river is Koyanose-juku, a former post town on the Nagasaki Kaidō which has recently become a tourist area.
Turakit Boonratanathanakorn
Turakit Boonratanathanakorn (Thai: ธุรกิจ บุญรัตนธนากร; born 18 March 1989) is a Thai cyclist, who currently rides for UCI Continental team Thailand Continental Cycling Team.

At the 2009 UCI Road World Championships he competed in the under-23 time trial. On the track he competed in the scratch event at the 2011 UCI Track Cycling World Championships but did not finish the race.

2009 UCI Road World Championships
The 2009 UCI Road World Championships were held in Mendrisio, Switzerland, between September 23 and September 27, 2009. The event consisted of a road race and a time trial for men, women and men under 23.
William Flower (Irishtown MP)
Sir William Flower (c.1600–c.1682) was an Anglo-Irish soldier, politician and landowner of the seventeenth century. He fought for Oliver Cromwell during the English Civil War but was imprisoned as a suspected Royalist, a suspicion later confirmed by the rewards he received after the Restoration of Charles II. His descendants still hold the titles Viscount Ashbrook and Baron Castle Durrow.

Royalist
A royalist supports a particular monarch as head of state for a particular kingdom, or of a particular dynastic claim. In the abstract, this position is royalism. It is distinct from monarchism, which advocates a monarchical system of government, but not necessarily a particular monarch. Most often, the term royalist is applied to a supporter of a current regime or one that has been recently overthrown to form a republic.

In the United Kingdom, the term is currently almost indistinguishable from "monarchist", as there are no significant rival claimants to the throne. Conversely, in 19th-century France, a royalist might be either a Legitimist, Bonapartist, or an Orléanist, all being monarchists.
Great Chüy Canal
The Great Chüy Canal (Kyrgyz: Чоң Чүй каналы, [tʃɔɴ tʃyj kʰɑnɑɫɯ]; Russian: Большой Чуйский канал, often abbreviated БЧК) is one of an extensive complex of irrigation canals of the Chüy Valley in Kyrgyzstan and to some extent Kazakhstan, composed of three branches: the Western Great Chüy Canal, the Eastern Great Chüy Canal, and the Southern Great Chüy Canal.  The Great Chüy Canal flows through the northern part of Bishkek, the capital of Kyrgyzstan, from east to west.  It was built under the administration of the Soviet Union, with M. V. Patrushev as authoring engineer.

Thirty-three thousand individuals took part in building the canal,: p.374  mainly using pickaxes and shovels (as opposed to heavy machinery), and it remains in collective consciousness in Kyrgyzstan as a major building project of the 20th century. A record was set in on June 16, 1941, as kolkhoz workers dug 90 cubic meters of dirt by hand.: p.374

Pickaxe
A pickaxe (American spelling: pickax), pick-axe, or pick is a generally T-shaped hand tool used for digging. Its head is typically metal, attached perpendicularly to a longer handle, traditionally made of wood, occasionally metal, and increasingly fiberglass.

A standard pickaxe, similar to a "pick mattock", has a pointed end on one side of its head and a broad flat "axe" blade opposite. A gradual curve characteristically spans the length of the head. The next most common configuration features two spikes, one slightly longer than the other.

The pointed end is used both for breaking and prying, the axe for hoeing, skimming, and chopping through roots.

Developed as agricultural tools in prehistoric times, picks have evolved into other tools such as the plough and the mattock. They also have been used in general construction and mining, and adapted to warfare.
Lopriorea
Lopriorea is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Amaranthaceae. 
The only species is Lopriorea ruspolii.

It is native to Ethiopia, Somalia and Kenya.

The genus name of Lopriorea is in honour of Giuseppe Lopriore (1865–1928), an Italian professor of botany at the institute of oenology in Catania and also botanical garden director. He was also director of the agricultural research station in Modena. The Latin specific epithet of ruspolii refers to Eugenio Ruspoli (1866–1893), an Italian explorer and naturalist.
Both genus and species were first described and published in Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich Vol.56 on pages 251-252 in 1911.

Oenology
Oenology (also enology; /iːˈnɒlədʒi/ ee-NOL-o-jee) is the science and study of wine and winemaking. Oenology is distinct from viticulture, which is the science of the growing, cultivation, and harvesting of grapes. The English word oenology derives from the Greek word oinos (οἶνος) "wine" and the suffix –logia (-λογία) the "study of". An oenologist is an expert in the science of wine and of the arts and techniques for making wine.
Bavarian A V
Bavarian A V engines were 2-2-2 steam locomotives in service with the Royal Bavarian State Railways (Königlich Bayerische Staatsbahn). They were the last of the single-coupled locomotives built in Bavaria.

This class was the first express train locomotive with the Bavarian state railways. It was developed from the Class A IV. Unlike the A IV, the Class A V had a lower-pitched boiler and a wider firebox. In addition access to the valve gear was improved. Later still the vehicles were fitted with a steam dome. Because engines on the southern side of the Danube were fired with peat, they had a pear-shaped chimney. In addition these locomotives had different dimensions.

They were equipped with a 3 T 4.8 tender.

Firebox (steam engine)
In a steam engine, the firebox is the area where the fuel is burned, producing heat to boil the water in the boiler.  Most are somewhat box-shaped, hence the name. The hot gases generated in the firebox are pulled through a rack of tubes running through the boiler.
Kazimierz Pawełek
Kazimierz Pawełek (21 February 1936 in Bochnia – 3 December 2017) was a Polish journalist and politician.

Pawełek was a student at the Warsaw School of Economics studying foreign affairs when he began writing for the magazines Szpilki, Echo Krakowa, and Sport. Upon graduation, he joined the staff of Dziennik Polski, and moved to Lublin in 1960. In the 1970s, Pawełek became the editor of Głos Budowlanych. Later he served as literary director for the cabarets Desant and Korkociąg, and also wrote adaptations of Czart and Pod Egidą. From 1983 to 2001, Pawełek worked for the Kurier Lubelski. Over the course of his career, Pawełek was awarded the Silver Cross of Merit and named a knight of the Order of Polonia Restituta. From 2001 to 2005, Pawełek served in the Senate, representing the Democratic Left Alliance – Labour Union electoral coalition.

Bochnia
Bochnia [ˈbɔxɲa] ⓘ is a town on the river Raba in southern Poland, administrative seat of Bochnia County in Lesser Poland Voivodeship. Bochnia is most noted for its salt mine, the oldest functioning in Europe, built in the 13th century, a World Heritage Site and a Historic Monument of Poland.

As of December 2021, Bochnia has a population of 29,317 and an area of 29.87 square kilometres (11.53 sq mi).
Delaware Valley Collegiate Hockey Conference
The Delaware Valley Collegiate Hockey Conference (DVCHC) is a collegiate hockey conference associated with the Collegiate Hockey Federation (CHF) and independent women's university teams. The conference has men's teams that compete within divisions II and III of the CHF and women's teams that compete in divisions II and III of the ACHA.
The DVCHC founding President was Finbarr O'Connor. Coach O'Connor was Head Coach of the Saint Joseph's University team, he was league President for 10 seasons and Coached St. Joe's for 35 years. He was inducted into the Saint Joseph's University Athletic Hall of Fame in 2004. Coach O'Connor is the only non-varsity inductee in their Hall of Fame.

The first season (1971–1972), The league consisted of six teams: Bryn Athyn College, LaSalle University, St. Joseph's University, University of Delaware, Villanova University, and West Chester University.

Bucknell University
Bucknell University is a private liberal-arts college in Lewisburg, Pennsylvania, United States. Founded in 1846 as the University at Lewisburg, it now consists of the College of Arts and Sciences, the Freeman College of Management, and the College of Engineering. It offers 65 majors and 70 minors in the sciences and humanities. Located just south of Lewisburg, the 445-acre (1.80 km2) campus rises above the West Branch of the Susquehanna River.

Approximately 3,900 undergraduate students and 50 graduate students attend Bucknell. It is a member of the Patriot League in NCAA Division I athletics. Its athletic teams are the Bucknell Bison and its mascot is Bucky the Bison.
Crotta
Crotta, (Irish: An Chrotach) is a townland in the Barony of Ormond Lower in County Tipperary, Ireland. It is located between the towns of Borrisokane and Cloughjordan.

The woods at Crotta form a part of Borrisokane Forest which consists of several widely dispersed small areas of woodland managed by Coillte, the state sponsored forestry company.

Borrisokane
Borrisokane (Irish: Buiríos Uí Chéin, meaning 'the burgage of the Cianacht') is a town in County Tipperary, Ireland. It is 15 km north of Nenagh, at the junction of the N52 and N65 roads. At the 2022 census, it had a population of 1,117. The Ballyfinboy River flows through the town on its way to Lough Derg, 12 km (7 mi) to the west. It is also a civil parish in the historical barony of Ormond Lower and an Ecclesiastical parish in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Killaloe.
Piercefield, New York
Piercefield is a town in St. Lawrence County, New York, United States. The population was 310 at the 2010 census.

The Town of Piercefield is in the southeastern corner of the county and is southeast of Canton.

Canton (village), New York
Canton is a village and county seat of St. Lawrence County, New York, United States. The village is centrally located in both the town of Canton and the county of St. Lawrence. The population was 7,155 at the 2020 census. The name comes from the Chinese city of Canton (now Guangzhou).

The village of Canton provides many municipal services such as a fully functional village highway department, water and sewer department, volunteer fire department, court system and a police department along with other municipal agencies.
Fusil Gras mle 1874
The Fusil Modèle 1874 or Gras was the French Army's primary service rifle from 1874 to 1886. Designed by Colonel Basile Gras, the Gras was a metallic cartridge adaptation of the single-shot, breech-loading, black powder Chassepot rifle. It was developed from 1872 to 1874 as a response to the German adoption of the Mauser Model 1871 metallic cartridge rifle.

Modified in 1880 as the M80 with an improved breechblock and in 1914 as the M14  to accommodate the 8×50mmR Lebel smokeless powder cartridge, the Gras was replaced as the standard-issue service rifle by the Lebel in 1886.

11×60mm Mauser
The 11mm Mauser (also known as the 11×60mmR Mauser or .43 Mauser) is a black-powder cartridge developed between 1867 and 1871 and used in the Mauser Model 1871 rifle, as well as the 71/84 variant. It was popular in German sporting rifles up until the early 20th century. It is no longer in production, however it is available from custom loaders and handloading can be done.
As early as 1867, the first considerations arose in Prussia to replace the needle rifle with a breech-loading weapon with centerfire cartridges.

On November 7, 1871, the Prussian Rifle Commission set the caliber of the new rifle at 11 mm. The cartridge is based on the Werder rifle cartridge, caliber 11 × 50 mm R.

In 1904, a German gunsmith from Suhl, August Schüler, developed a rimless version of the cartridge to be used in Gewehr 88 & Gewehr 98 actions.
Wennhak v Morgan
Wennhak v Morgan is a leading case in English defamation law, that held that communication with one's own spouse will not be considered to be 'published' for the purposes of defamation cases.

In Wennhak, Huddleston B thought (with Manisty J. agreeing) that the question could be decided “on the common law principle that husband and wife are one”, and that accordingly there had been no publication.

“[T]he maxim and principle acted on for centuries is still in existence, viz, that as regards this case, husband and wife are in point of law one person.”

Wife
A wife (pl.: wives) is a woman in a marital relationship. A woman who has separated from her partner continues to be a wife until their marriage is legally dissolved with a divorce judgment; or until death, depending on the kind of marriage. On the death of her partner, a wife is referred to as a widow. The rights and obligations of a wife to her partner and her status in the community and law vary between cultures and have varied over time.
Imagined Oceans
Released in 1998, Imagined Oceans is an album by Welsh composer Karl Jenkins. This work was inspired by thirteen lunar mare for which the tracks are titled. The musical style is similar to Jenkins's Adiemus compositions and each track explores the meaning of its Latin name through various musical techniques. Unlike most of the Adiemus pieces, the lyrics for Imagined Oceans consist of syllables from the tracks' titles rather than invented text.

Karl Jenkins
Sir Karl William Pamp Jenkins, CBE, FRAM, HonFLSW (born 17 February 1944) is a Welsh multi-instrumentalist and composer. His best known works include the song "Adiemus" (1995, from the Adiemus album series), Palladio (1995), The Armed Man (2000), his Requiem (2005) and his Stabat Mater (2008).

Jenkins was educated in music at Cardiff University and the Royal Academy of Music, and he is a fellow and an associate of the latter. He joined the jazz-rock band Soft Machine in 1972 and became the group's lead songwriter in 1974. He continued to work with Soft Machine until 1984, but has not been involved with any incarnation of the group since. He has composed music for advertising campaigns and has won the industry prize twice.
Khmer nobility
The Khmer nobility is a social class comprising titled officials in the service of the monarchy. They form part of a hierarchical social system which developed from the time of the Angkorian Empire. While all titles were abolished by Pol Pot under the Democratic Kampuchea, they were restored and have multiplied since the restoration of monarchy in 1990 by late King Father Norodom Sihanouk.

Khmer noble titles comprise a rank and a title, which denote the holder's post or office. Unlike in European aristocracies, Khmer noble titles are not inherited, but individually granted based on personal merit. Nevertheless, familial influence is substantial and dynasties can be identified such as the Thiounn family which served the Royal Palace for decades.

Monarchy of Cambodia
The monarchy of Cambodia is the constitutional monarchy of the Kingdom of Cambodia. The king of Cambodia (Khmer: ព្រះមហាក្សត្រកម្ពុជា) is the head of state and head of the ruling Royal House of Norodom. In the contemporary period, the king's power has been limited to that of a symbolic figurehead. The monarchy had been in existence since at least 50 AD except during its abolition from 1970 to 1993. Since 1993, the king of Cambodia has been an elected monarch, making Cambodia one of the few elective monarchies of the world. The king is elected for life by the Royal Council of the Throne, which consists of several senior political and religious figures. Candidates are chosen from among male descendants of King Ang Duong who are at least 30 years old, from the two royal houses of Cambodia (the House of Norodom and the House of Sisowath).
Vatsavai
Vatsavai is a village in NTR district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is located in Vatsavai mandal of Nandigama revenue division.: 16  According to the 2011 Census, Vatsavai has a population of approximately 9,554. The village comprises around 2,631 households.

NTR district
NTR district is a district in coastal Andhra Region in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. The district headquarters is located at Vijayawada. The district is named after former Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh N. T. Rama Rao. The district shares boundaries with  Guntur,  Palnadu,  Krishna,  Eluru,  Khammam and  Suryapet districts.