hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jesse D. Riley
Jesse Dean Riley M.D., F.A.C.P., F.C.C.P,  (10 November 1890 – 14 January 1964) was an American medical doctor. He was the Superintendent of the Arkansas Tuberculosis Sanatorium in Booneville, Arkansas. He led the state's strategy for tuberculosis for twenty-five years, including during World War II.

American College of Chest Physicians
The American College of Chest Physicians (CHEST) is a medical association in the United States consisting of physicians and non-physician specialists in the field of chest medicine, which includes pulmonology, critical care medicine, and sleep medicine.  The group was founded in 1935. It has a membership of over 19,000.
Elzo (surname)
Elzo is a Spanish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Castor Elzo (1917–1989), Spanish footballer

Francisco Elzo (1908–?), Spanish footballer

Francisco Javier Elzo (born 1942), Spanish social researcher and emeritus professor of Sociology

Castor Elzo
Castor Elzo Medina (7 November 1917 – 14 September 1989) was a Spanish footballer who played as a midfielder in the Spanish first division with seven different clubs in the 1940s, including Valencia and Real Madrid, thus setting a record that he held for 47 years, until Miquel Soler equalled it.
Freedom of religion in Canada
Freedom of religion in Canada is a constitutionally protected right, allowing believers the freedom to assemble and worship without limitation or interference.

According to the 2021 census, Christianity is the largest religion in Canada, with 53.3% of the population (more than half of these are Roman Catholic); one third of Canadians stated that they were  irreligious or had no religion.

In 2023, the country was scored 3 out of 4 for religious freedom; it was noted that in 2019, a new law was put in place stating that some government employees in positions of authority were not allowed to wear religious symbols.

Christianity in Canada
Christianity is the most common religion in Canada, with 53.3% of the total population or 19.3 million people being Christian in 2021. The preamble to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms refers to God. The French colonization beginning in the 17th century established a Roman Catholic francophone population in New France, especially Acadia and Lower Canada (now Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Quebec). British colonization brought waves of Anglicans and other Protestants to Upper Canada, now Ontario. The Russian Empire spread Orthodox Christianity in a small extent to the tribes in the far north and western coasts, particularly hyperborean nomads like the Inuit. Orthodoxy would arrive in mainland Canada with immigrants from the eastern and southern Austro-Hungarian Empire and western Russian Empire starting in the 1890s; then refugees from the Soviet Union, Eastern Bloc, Greece and elsewhere during the last half of the 20th century.
Cavitex Braves
The CAVITEX Braves were a Philippine 3x3 basketball team which competed in the PBA 3x3, organized by the Philippines' top-flight professional league, Philippine Basketball Association (PBA). The team is affiliated with the NLEX Road Warriors, a member franchise of the PBA.

3x3 basketball
3x3 basketball (stylized as ƐX3, pronounced three-ex-three) is a variation of basketball played three-a-side, with one backboard and in a half-court setup. This basketball game format is currently being promoted and structured by FIBA, the sport's governing body. Its primary competition is an annual FIBA 3X3 World Tour, comprising a series of Masters and one Final tournament, and awarding six-figure prize money in US dollars. The FIBA 3x3 World Cups for men and women are the highest tournaments for national 3x3 teams. The 3x3 format has been adopted for both the Olympics and the Commonwealth Games.
Brenda Naylor
Brenda Naylor (5 July 1926 – 11 March 2016) was a British sculptor, known for her bronzes of dancers and sportspeople such as Rudolf Nureyev and Tip Foster.

Born Brenda Clark on 5 July 1926 in Lewisham, London, she was one of four children of a Yorkshire-born watch and clockmaker father.

She was educated at St Martin's College as a fashion sketch artist, and started working for Norman Hartnell in 1943, in a ten-year career.

R. E. Foster
Reginald Erskine Foster (16 April 1878 – 13 May 1914), nicknamed Tip Foster, commonly designated R. E. Foster in sporting literature, was an English first-class cricketer and footballer. He is the only man to have captained England at both sports.

One of seven Foster brothers who were all educated at Malvern College and who all played cricket for Malvern and for Worcestershire, Foster was a right-handed middle-order batsman. In 1903 he scored 287 on Test debut, setting a world record for the highest Test score.
The Sam Bernstein Law Firm
The Sam Bernstein Law Firm, formerly known as The Law Offices of Sam Bernstein and The Law Offices of Samuel I. Bernstein, is an American law firm, located in Farmington Hills, Michigan. The firm specializes in personal injury. In 2008, its main office employed approximately 50 employees.

West Bloomfield Township, Michigan
West Bloomfield Township (commonly known simply as West Bloomfield) is a charter township in Oakland County in the U.S. state of Michigan. A northwestern suburb of Detroit, West Bloomfield is located roughly 27 miles (43.5 km) from downtown Detroit. As of the 2020 census, the township had a population of 65,888.
Petar Koćura
Petar Krstić (Serbian Cyrillic: Петар Крстић), known as Petar Koćura (Петар Коћура) was a member of the Serbian Chetnik Organization. He belonged to the Deda-Stojkovci family in Koćura near Vranje. During the office of Alimpije Marjanović as Chief of the Mountainous Headquarters (1908), the notable regional commanders (vojvode) were Petar Krstić-Koćura, Todor Krstić-Algunjski, Vasilije Trbić, Petko Nagorički, Vojislav Tankosić, Vojin Popović and others.

Vranje
Vranje (Serbian Cyrillic: Врање, pronounced [ʋrâɲɛ] ⓘ) is a city in Southern Serbia and the administrative center of the Pčinja District. According to the 2022 census, the city itself had a population of 55,214 while the city administrative area had 74,381 inhabitants.

Vranje is the economical, political and cultural centre of the Pčinja District in Southern Serbia. It was the first city from the Balkans to be declared UNESCO city of Music in 2019. It is located on the Pan-European Corridor X, close to the borders with North Macedonia, Kosovo and Bulgaria. The Serbian Orthodox Eparchy of Vranje is seated in the city, as is the 4th Land Force Brigade of the Serbian Army.
Coral Bistuer
Coral Astrid Bistuer Ruiz (born 16 November 1966) is a Spanish taekwondo practitioner.

She won a gold medal in welterweight at the 1987 World Taekwondo Championships in Barcelona. She won a silver medal in welterweight at the 1991 World Taekwondo Championships in Athens. Her achievements at the European Taekwondo Championships include gold medals in 1982, 1986, 1988, 1990 and 1992.

Bistuer went on to teach taekwondo at the SEK International School El Castillo in Madrid. In 2021, she was appointed as general director of sports for the Community of Madrid.

1987 World Taekwondo Championships
The 1987 World Taekwondo Championships were the 8th edition of the World Taekwondo Championships, and were held in Barcelona, Spain from October 7 to October 11, 1987, with 434 athletes participating from 62 countries.
Gabrielė Leščinskaitė
Gabrielė Leščinskaitė (born 25 March 1996) is a Lithuanian biathlete and sport psychologist. She represented Lithuania at the Junior World Championships in 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015, and at the Biathlon World Championships 2015 in Kontiolahti. In 2022 she represented Lithuania at the 2022 Beijing Olympics.

Leščinskaitė studied psychology at the Mykolas Romeris University. In 2022 she became a sport psychologist for the Lithuanian youth Olympic team at the 2022 European Youth Summer Olympic Festival.

In October 2023, Leščinskaitė announced her retirement from biathlon.

Lithuania at the 2022 Winter Olympics
Lithuania competed at the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing, China, from 4 to 20 February 2022.

The Lithuanian team consisted of 13 athletes (eight men and five women) competing in four sports, the largest ever team Lithuania has sent to a Winter Olympics. Ice dancers Deividas Kizala and Paulina Ramanauskaitė were the country's flagbearer during the opening ceremony. Meanwhile cross-country skier Modestas Vaiciulis was the flagbearer during the closing ceremony.
F. C. Burns
Fleming Cayce Burns (August 31, 1890 – July 22, 1915) was a superintendent of the Oneonta Oil & Fertilizer Company. He was a college football player for the Auburn Tigers and was selected All-Southern in 1912.

He died from tetanus in New Decatur, Alabama, on July 22, 1915, after an oil mill construction accident which injured two fingers on his left hand.

College Football All-Southern Team
The College Football All-Southern Team was an all-star team of college football players from the Southern United States.  The honor was given annually to the best players at their respective positions. It is analogous to the All-America Team and was most often selected in newspapers. Notable pickers of All-Southern teams include John Heisman, Dan McGugin, George C. Marshall, Grantland Rice, W. A. Lambeth, Reynolds Tichenor, Nash Buckingham, Innis Brown, and Dick Jemison.
Wander This World
Wander This World is the third studio album by American blues guitarist Jonny Lang, released in 1998, when he was 17. The album was recorded at Seedy Underbelly Studios, Oarfin Studios in Minneapolis, and the Sound Kitchen in Nashville. This album produced Lang's first Grammy nomination.

The album contains a mix of genres; some tracks are blues, while others are Southern-style soul, funk, or rock with a blues feel. "Angel of Mercy" and Luther Allison's "Cherry Red Wine" are twelve-bar blues; "Walking Away" and "Second Guessing" are similar to 1960s Memphis soul; and "The Levee" and "Still Rainin'" are more rock-orientated.

Reviewer Alex Henderson commented on how mature the 17-year-old Lang sounded, saying the album often sounded like it could be the work of a 30-year-old.

Memphis soul
Memphis soul, also known as the Memphis sound, is the most prominent strain of Southern soul. It is a shimmering, sultry style produced in the 1960s and 1970s at Stax Records and Hi Records in Memphis, Tennessee, featuring melodic unison horn lines, organ, guitar, bass, and a driving beat on the drums.

Many of the songs in this style were performed by vocalists backed by the house bands of Stax, Hi and Goldwax Records. Memphis soul sound is different from the Motown sound from Detroit or the lighter sound of Chicago soul. After the rise of disco in the late 1970s, Memphis soul declined in popularity. The Stax Museum of American Soul Music is dedicated to preserving the Memphis sound.
Hester Frood
Hester Frood (1882–1971) was a painter and printmaker born in New Zealand. She came to England as a child of seven and was educated at Exeter School. She studied art at Académie Colarossi in Paris. In 1906 she met artist David Young Cameron in Scotland and he taught her etching.

Her mother, Mary Frood was heavily involved in the suffrage cause, and in 1913 Hester and her sister Constance carried the Topsham banner on the NUWSS Great Pilgrimage.

Frood exhibited at the Royal Academy, the Royal Scottish Academy and had her first one-man show at Colnaghi in 1925. Her work was also sold by James Connell & Sons, a publisher of etchings in Glasgow and London.

In 1927 Frood was married to poet Frank Gwynne-Evans and they lived on The Strand Topsham, Devon.
Her work is in the V&A, the Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art and the British Museum.

Frood died in Essex in 1971 and is buried in Topsham cemetery.

David Young Cameron
Sir David Young Cameron RA (28 June 1865 – 16 September 1945) was a Scottish painter and, with greater success, etcher, mostly of townscapes and landscapes in both cases. He was a leading figure in the final decades of the Etching Revival.
Validity (logic)
In logic, specifically in deductive reasoning, an argument is valid if and only if it takes a form that makes it impossible for the premises to be true and the conclusion nevertheless to be false. It is not required for a valid argument to have premises that are actually true, but to have premises that, if they were true, would guarantee the truth of the argument's conclusion. Valid arguments must be clearly expressed by means of sentences called well-formed formulas (also called wffs or simply formulas).

The validity of an argument can be tested, proved or disproved, and depends on its logical form.

False (logic)
In logic, false (Its noun form is falsity) or untrue is the state of possessing negative truth value and is a nullary logical connective. In a truth-functional system of propositional logic, it is one of two postulated truth values, along with its negation, truth.  Usual notations of the false are 0 (especially in Boolean logic and computer science), O (in prefix notation, Opq), and the up tack symbol .

Another approach is used for several formal theories (e.g., intuitionistic propositional calculus), where a propositional constant (i.e. a nullary connective), , is introduced, the truth value of which being always false in the sense above. It can be treated as an absurd proposition, and is often called absurdity.
International Workshop on Nitride Semiconductors
The International Workshop on Nitride Semiconductors (IWN) is a biennial academic conference in the field of group III nitride research. The IWN and the International Conference on Nitride Semiconductors (ICNS) are held in alternating years and cover similar subject areas. IWN is pioneered by Isamu Akasaki (Nagoya University, Meijo University) and Hiroshi Amano (Nagoya University), who are Nobel laureates in physics (2014)

- IWN2018 was held 11–16 November 2018 in Kanazawa, Japan, and chaired by Hiroshi Fujioka (the University of Tokyo, Japan)

- IWN2016 was held 2–7 October 2016 in Orlando, United States, and jointly chaired by Alan Doolittle (Georgia Institute of Technology and Tomás Palacios (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA)

- IWN2012 was held 14–19 October 2012 in Sapporo, Japan and chaired by Hiroshi Amano (Nagoya University, Japan).

Isamu Akasaki
Isamu Akasaki (Japanese: 赤﨑 勇, romanized: Akasaki Isamu; January 30, 1929 – April 1, 2021) was a Japanese electronics engineer specializing in the field of semiconductor technology. He is best known for co-inventing the bright gallium nitride (GaN) p–n junction blue LED in 1989 and subsequently the high-brightness GaN blue LED as well.

Akasaki was awarded the 2014 Nobel Prize in Physics, along with Hiroshi Amano and Shuji Nakamura, "for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources."
Oleo
Oleo is a term for oils. It is commonly used to refer to a variety of things:

Colloquial term for margarine, a.k.a. oleomargarine

Oleic acid

Oleo strut, a type of shock absorbers on aircraft landing gear

"Oleo" (composition), a musical composition by Sonny Rollins
Oleo (Grant Green album), a 1962 album featuring the above composition
Oleo (Lee Konitz album), a 1975 album featuring the above composition
Oleo (Joe McPhee album), a 1983 album featuring the above composition
Oleo (New York Unit album), a 1989 album featuring the above composition

Óleo, a city in the São Paulo state in Brazil

GNU Oleo, a (defunct) spreadsheet program

Oleo drop, a kind of theater curtain

Oleic acid
Oleic acid is a fatty acid that occurs naturally in various animal and vegetable fats and oils. It is an odorless, colorless oil, although commercial samples may be yellowish due to the presence of impurities. In chemical terms, oleic acid is classified as a monounsaturated omega-9 fatty acid, abbreviated with a lipid number of 18:1 cis-9, and a main product of Δ9-desaturase. It has the formula CH3−(CH2)7−CH=CH−(CH2)7−COOH. The name derives from the Latin word oleum, which means oil. It is the most common fatty acid in nature. The salts and esters of oleic acid are called oleates. It is a common component of oils, and thus occurs in many types of food, as well as in soap.
James Ormiston
James Norris Ormiston (30 May 1915 – 7 August 1977) was a Progressive Conservative member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Regina, Saskatchewan and became a farmer and insurance agent by career.

He was first elected at the Melville riding in the 1958 general election after unsuccessful bids for a seat there in 1953 and 1957. In his first three federal campaigns, his Liberal opponent was incumbent Member of Parliament James Garfield Gardiner. Ormiston was re-elected in 1962, 1963 and 1965. With riding boundary changes in advance of the 1968 election, Ormiston became a candidate at the Yorkton—Melville riding, where he was defeated by Lorne Nystrom of the New Democratic Party.

1963 Canadian federal election
The 1963 Canadian federal election was held on April 8, 1963, to elect members of the House of Commons of Canada of the 26th Parliament of Canada. It resulted in the defeat of the minority Progressive Conservative (Tory) government of Prime Minister John Diefenbaker, with the Liberals returning to power for the first time in 6 years, where they would remain for twenty of the next twenty-one years (winning every election except the 1979 election until their landslide defeat in 1984).  For the Social Credit Party, despite getting their highest ever share of the vote, the party lost 6 seats compared to its high-water mark in 1962.

The 1963 election was the first in which all of the Northwest Territories were contained in an electoral district, and consequently the first in which 100% of Canadian territory was represented in Parliament.
2021–22 OHL season
The 2021–22 OHL season was the 42nd season of operation (41st season of play) of the Ontario Hockey League. After the 2020–21 OHL season was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the league played a full 68-game regular season having begun on October 7, 2021, and concluded on April 17, 2022. The post-season began on April 21, 2022 and concluded on June 15, 2022.

The Hamilton Bulldogs won the J. Ross Robertson Cup and advanced to the 2022 Memorial Cup final, to face the host team Saint John Sea Dogs of the QMJHL at TD Station in Saint John, New Brunswick.

2020–21 OHL season
The 2020–21 OHL season would have been the 41st season of the Ontario Hockey League. After the 2019–20 OHL season was curtailed due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the league initially planned to play a full 68-game regular season beginning in September 2020. However, due to continued public health orders and increasing cases of COVID-19 in Ontario, the league eventually shortened the planned season and postponed it indefinitely in December 2020. By April 2021, the league ultimately cancelled the season.
Speranskia
Speranskia is a plant genus of the family Euphorbiaceae first described in 1858. It is the only genus of the subtribe Speranskiinae. The entire genus is endemic to China.

Species

Speranskia cantonensis (Hance) Pax & K.Hoffm. - Hubei, Guangdong

Speranskia tuberculata (Bunge) Baill. - Anhui, Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan

Speranskia yunnanensis S.M.Hwang - Yunnan

Subtribe
In a social context, a subtribe is a secondary division of a broader ethnic grouping or tribe, functioning as a distinct unit defined by specific kinship ties, geographic territory, or linguistic dialects. For example, the Kipsigis are a major sub-tribe that falls under the broader Kalenjin ethnic group of East Africa.

This term also serves as a formal taxonomic rank in biological science, where it is positioned directly below a tribe (biology) and above a genus. Following this hierarchy, the Hyptidinae is a botanical subtribe categorized under the tribe Ocimeae within the mint family. In both fields, the "tribe" acts as the parent category, while the "subtribe" identifies a specific branch within that larger lineage, with scientific names typically ending in -ina for animals (e.g., Hominina) and -inae for plants.
Johnstone Park
Johnstone Park is a landscaped garden in Geelong, Victoria, Australia. It is bounded by Railway Terrace, Gheringhap Street, Little Malop Street, Fenwick Street, and Mercer Street. The park is surrounded by civic buildings including the Geelong City Hall, Geelong Art Gallery, Geelong Library, Geelong Law Courts, and the Geelong Railway Station. A war memorial and bandstand feature in the centre of the park.

Geelong railway station
Geelong railway station is a regional railway station on the Warrnambool line, part of the Victorian railway network. It serves the city of the same name, in Victoria, Australia. The original station opened on 1 November 1856.

Together with Ballarat, it is one of only two stations in Victoria to retain its 19th-century train shed. The station has been listed by the National Trust of Australia as being of state-level significance, and is on the Victorian Heritage Register.
1958 Swiss referendums
Seven referendums were held in Switzerland during 1958. The first was held on 26 January on a popular initiative "against the abuse of economic power", concerning unfair competition, and was rejected by voters. The second was held on 11 May on the federal budget, and was approved by voters. The third and fourth were held on 6 July on introducing a new section 27ter to the constitution concerning films, and a petition to improve the road network, both of which were approved. The fifth referendum was held on 26 October on instituting a 44-hour working week, and was rejected by voters. The final two were held on 7 December on a constitutional amendment on gambling and approving a treaty with Italy on a hydroelectric power scheme on the River Spöl, with both approved.

Economic power
Economic power refers to the ability of countries, businesses or individuals to make decisions on their own that benefit them. Scholars of international relations also refer to the economic power of a country as a factor influencing its power in international relations.
Netherlands in World War I
The Netherlands remained neutral during World War I, a stance that arose partly from a strict policy of neutrality in international affairs that started in 1830, with the secession of Belgium from the Netherlands. Dutch neutrality was not guaranteed by the major powers in Europe and was not part of the Dutch constitution. The country's neutrality was based on the belief that its strategic position between the German Empire, German-occupied Belgium, and the British guaranteed its safety.

The Royal Netherlands Army was mobilized throughout the conflict, as belligerents regularly attempted to intimidate the Netherlands and to place demands on it. In addition to providing a credible deterrence, the army had to house refugees, guard internment camps for captured soldiers, and prevent smuggling.

The government also restricted the free movement of people, monitored spies, and took other wartime measures.

Zeppelin LZ 54
Zeppelin LZ 54, given the military tactical designation L 19, was a Zeppelin of the Imperial German Navy. While returning from her first bombing raid on the United Kingdom in early 1916, she came down in the North Sea. Its crew survived the crash, but drowned after the crew of a British fishing trawler King Stephen refused to rescue them, citing fears that the Germans would overpower them. The incident received worldwide publicity and divided British public opinion; it was also used in German propaganda.