hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Büchi–Elgot–Trakhtenbrot theorem
In formal language theory, the Büchi–Elgot–Trakhtenbrot theorem states that a language is regular if and only if it can be defined in monadic second-order logic (MSO): for every MSO formula, we can find a finite-state automaton defining the same language, and for every finite-state automaton, we can find an MSO formula defining the same language.  The theorem is due to Julius Richard Büchi, Calvin Elgot, and Boris Trakhtenbrot.

Julius Richard Büchi
Julius Richard Büchi (1924–1984) was a Swiss logician and mathematician.

He received his Dr. sc. nat. in 1950 at ETH Zurich under the supervision of Paul Bernays and Ferdinand Gonseth. Shortly afterwards he went to Purdue University in Lafayette, Indiana. He and his first student Lawrence Landweber had a major influence on the development of theoretical computer science.

Together with his friend Saunders Mac Lane, a student of Paul Bernays as well, Büchi published numerous celebrated works. He invented what is now known as the Büchi automaton, a finite-state machine accepting certain sets of infinite sequences of characters known as omega-regular languages. The "n squares' problem", known also as Büchi's problem, is an open problem from number theory, closely related to Hilbert's tenth problem.
Nanofabrics
Nanofabrics are textiles engineered with small particles that give ordinary materials advantageous properties such as superhydrophobicity (extreme water resistance, also see "Lotus effect"),  odor and moisture elimination,  increased elasticity and strength,  and bacterial resistance. Depending on the desired property, a nanofabric is either constructed from nanoscopic fibers called nanofibers, or is formed by applying a solution containing nanoparticles to a regular fabric. Nanofabrics research is an interdisciplinary effort involving bioengineering, molecular chemistry, physics, electrical engineering, computer science, and systems engineering. Applications of nanofabrics have the potential to revolutionize textile manufacturing and areas of medicine such as drug delivery and tissue engineering.

Electrospinning
Electrospinning is a fiber production method that uses electrical force (based on electrohydrodynamic principles) to draw charged threads of polymer solutions for producing nanofibers with diameters ranging from nanometers to micrometers. Electrospinning shares characteristics of both electrospraying and conventional solution dry spinning of fibers. The process does not require the use of coagulation chemistry or high temperatures to produce solid threads from solution. This makes the process particularly suited to the production of fibers using large and complex molecules. Electrospinning from molten precursors is also practiced; this method ensures that no solvent can be carried over into the final product.
1972 Las Palomas mid-air collision
On 29 July 1972, Avianca Flight 630, operating a scheduled domestic passenger flight within Colombia, flying from La Vanguardia Airport to Los Colonizadores Airport, with stopovers at Paz de Ariporo Airport and Santiago Pérez Quiroz Airport, collided with another Avianca flight, operating as Flight 626, also operating a scheduled domestic passenger flight within Colombia from La Vanguardia Airport to Las Gaviotas Airport, with stopovers in 3 different cities. The resulting mid-air collision killed all 21 occupants on board Flight 630 and all 17 occupants on board Flight 626, resulting in 38 total fatalities.

Santiago Pérez Quiroz Airport
Santiago Pérez Quiroz Airport (Spanish: Aeropuerto Santiago Pérez Quiroz (IATA: AUC, ICAO: SKUC) is an airport serving Arauca, the capital of the Arauca Department in Colombia. The runway is southeast of the city, and 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) south of Colombia's border with Venezuela.
Seringia exastia
Seringia exastia, also known as fringed fire-bush, is a species of flowering plant in the mallow family and is endemic to northern Western Australia. It is an erect, compact shrub with hairy young branches, narrowly egg-shaped, elliptic or oblong leaves and purple flowers arranged in groups of 7 to 9.

Malvaceae
Malvaceae (/mælˈveɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/), or the mallows, is a family of flowering plants estimated to contain 244 genera with 4225 known species. Well-known members of economic importance include cacao, cola, cotton, okra, roselle and durian. There are also some genera containing familiar ornamentals, such as Alcea (hollyhock), Malva (mallow), and Tilia (lime or linden tree). The genera with the largest numbers of species include Hibiscus (434 species), Pavonia (291 species), Sida (275 species), Ayenia (216 species), Dombeya (197 species), and Sterculia (181 species).
Woody Williams (infielder)
Woodrow Wilson Williams (August 21, 1912 – February 24, 1995) was a Major League Baseball second baseman who played for the Brooklyn Dodgers and Cincinnati Reds from 1938 to 1945.  In 1949, he was the manager of the Poughkeepsie Chiefs in the Colonial League.

Poughkeepsie Colts
The Poughkeepsie Colts was a primary name of the minor league baseball teams based in Poughkeepsie, New York. Between 1886 and 1950, Poughkeepsie teams played as members of the Hudson River League (1886, 1888), New York State League (1894), Hudson River League (1903–1907), Eastern Association (1909), New York-New Jersey League (1913), Atlantic League (1914) and Colonial League (1948–1950). Poughkeepsie teams won five league championships.

Baseball Hall of Fame member Dan Brouthers played for the Poughkeepsie Colts in from 1903 to 1905.
Zastranje
Zastranje (pronounced [zaˈstɾaːnjɛ]) is a small settlement just north of Šmarje pri Jelšah in eastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. The Municipality of Šmarje pri Jelšah is now included in the Savinja Statistical Region.

Remains of a Roman Villa rustica have been identified in the Grobelce part of settlement.

Municipality of Šmarje pri Jelšah
The Municipality of Šmarje pri Jelšah (pronounced [ˈʃmaːɾjɛ pɾi ˈjeːlʃax]; Slovene: Občina Šmarje pri Jelšah) is a municipality in the traditional region of Styria in northeastern Slovenia. The seat of the municipality is the town of Šmarje pri Jelšah. Šmarje pri Jelšah became a municipality in 1994.
Neoastelia
Neoastelia  is a genus of plants in the family Asteliaceae containing the single species Neoastelia spectabilis, commonly known as the silver sword lily, that is endemic to a small area on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia. It is a species of herb with long, linear leaves and large groups of whitish flowers, followed by spherical, pale green berries.

Northern Tablelands
The Northern Tablelands, also known as the New England Tableland, is a plateau and a region of the Great Dividing Range in northern New South Wales, Australia. It includes the New England Range, the narrow highlands area of the New England region, stretching from the Moonbi Range in the south to the Queensland border in the north. The region corresponds generally to the Bureau of Meteorology forecast area for the Northern Tablelands which in this case includes Inverell although it is significantly lower in elevation.
Al Randolph
Alvin Chester Randolph (born July 8, 1944) is a former safety in the NFL. He was drafted by the San Francisco 49ers in the 3rd round of the 1966 NFL draft. He also played for the Green Bay Packers, Cincinnati Bengals, Detroit Lions, Minnesota Vikings, and the Buffalo Bills.  Randolph played college football at the University of Iowa.

1966 NFL draft
The 1966 NFL draft was held at the Summit Hotel in New York City on Saturday, November 27, 1965.

The expansion Atlanta Falcons were awarded the first pick in each round as well as the final pick in each of the first five rounds.  The first overall selection was Tommy Nobis, a linebacker from Texas. The league also provided the Falcons with an expansion draft six weeks later.

This was the last draft in which the NFL and the AFL selected their players separate of one another. As a result, most players drafted  by teams from both leagues chose to play for the more established NFL, but not all. Similar to 1965, the AFL draft was held on the same day. After the merger agreement in June 1966, a common draft was held in March 1967.
Cairness House
Cairness House, 4.5 miles (7 km) south-east of Fraserburgh in Buchan in the county of Aberdeenshire, is a country house built in the Neoclassical style between 1791 and 1797 to designs by architect James Playfair. It replaced an earlier house of 1781 by Robert Burn, which was in part incorporated into the Playfair scheme. Sir John Soane assisted in the final stages of the construction after Playfair's death in 1794. The park was laid out by Thomas White, a follower of Lancelot 'Capability' Brown.

The Pevsner Architectural Guide for Aberdeenshire North and Moray states that "Cairness House, by James Playfair 1791-97, is of international importance as the only house in Britain, the design and construction of which reflected and evolved with the rapid advances in French Neoclassicism towards the end of the C18" and that "its survival is the more precious as so many of Playfair's other designs were either not built or have been lost or altered".

Fraserburgh
Fraserburgh (/ˈfreɪzərbərə/; Scottish Gaelic: Baile nam Frisealach), locally known as the Broch, is a town in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, with a population recorded in the 2011 Census as 13,100. It lies in Buchan in the northeastern corner of the county, about 40 miles (64 km) north of Aberdeen and 17 miles (27 km) north of Peterhead. It is the biggest shellfish port in Scotland and one of the largest in Europe, landing over 5,450 tonnes (5,360 long tons; 6,010 short tons) in 2016. Fraserburgh is also a major port for white and pelagic fish.
Robert Weatherbe
Sir Robert Linton Weatherbe (April 1834 – 27 April 1915) was a Canadian lawyer and judge. He was Chief Justice of Nova Scotia from 1904 to 1907.

Born in Bedeque, Prince Edward Island, Weatherbe attended Acadia College in Nova Scotia and thereafter settled in the province. A Liberal Party supporter, he was elevated to the bench on 7 October 1878 by Mackenzie Bowell, a 'midnight judge' appointed two days before Bowell was due to hand over power to Sir John A. Macdonald.

He was an unpopular judge and attempts were made to get rid of him, without success. As the senior puisne, he became Chief Justice of Nova Scotia in 1905, was knighted in 1906, and retired in 1907.

Nova Scotia Supreme Court
The Nova Scotia Supreme Court is a superior court in the province of Nova Scotia.

The Supreme Court consists of 25 judicial seats including the position of Chief Justice and Associate Chief Justice. At any given time there may be one or more additional justices who sit as supernumerary justices. The justices sit in 18 different locations around the province.
Hooke's Law (album)
Hooke's Law is the second studio album by American musician, singer-songwriter, and record producer KeiyaA. It was released on October 31, 2025, through XL Recordings. It received universal acclaim from critics.

XL Recordings
XL Recordings is a British independent record label founded in 1989 by Tim Palmer and Nick Halkes. It has been run and co-owned by Richard Russell since 1996. It forms part of the Beggars Group.

It releases an average of six albums a year. The label releases albums worldwide and operates across a range of genres.
Single-channel architecture
In computer networking, single-channel architecture (SCA) is the design of a wireless network in such a way that the wireless client sees a single point of access to the network. This design utilizes a centralized controller to decide which access point (AP) will be used to communicate with a client device. This method allows the network to maintain a higher level of control over the communication medium than does multiple-channel architecture, which allows client devices to determine which APs to communicate with.

Wireless network
A wireless network is a computer network that uses wireless data connections between network nodes. Wireless networking allows homes, telecommunications networks, and business installations to avoid the costly process of introducing cables into a building, or as a connection between various equipment locations. Admin telecommunications networks are generally implemented and administered using radio communication. This implementation takes place at the physical level (layer) of the OSI model network structure.

Examples of wireless networks include cell phone networks, wireless local area networks (WLANs), wireless sensor networks, satellite communication networks, and terrestrial microwave networks.
Lodi (Rome Metro)
Lodi is an underground station of Line C of the Rome Metro.

It served as the western terminus of Line C since its opening, on June 29, 2015, until May 12, 2018, when the terminus moved to San Giovanni.

The station is not exactly located in Piazza Lodi, after which it is named, but further west in Via La Spezia, between Via Orvieto and Piazza Camerino. Works started in 2007 and were finished in January 2015. The station opened on 29 June 2015.

Orvieto
Orvieto (Italian: [orˈvjɛːto]) is a city and comune in the Province of Terni, southwestern Umbria, Italy, situated on the flat summit of a large butte of volcanic tuff. The city rises dramatically above the almost-vertical faces of tuff cliffs that are completed by defensive walls built of the same stone.
Tribute
A tribute (/ˈtrɪbjuːt/; from Latin tributum, "contribution") is wealth, often in kind, that a party gives to another as a sign of submission, allegiance or respect. Various ancient states exacted tribute from the rulers of lands which the state conquered. In the case of alliances, lesser parties may pay tribute to more powerful parties as a sign of allegiance. Tributes are different from taxes, as they are not collected in the same regularly routine manner that taxes are. Further, with tributes, a recognition of political submission by the payer to the payee is uniquely required.

Gifts in kind
Gifts in kind, also referred to as in-kind donations, is a kind of charitable giving in which, instead of giving money to buy needed goods and services, the goods and services themselves are given. Gifts in kind are distinguished from gifts of cash or not measured in monetary terms.  Some types of gifts in kind are appropriate, but others are not. Examples of in-kind gifts include goods like food, clothing, medicines, furniture, office equipment, and building materials. Performance of services, providing office space or offering administrative support, may also be counted as in-kind gifts.

While many attest to the benefits of in-kind over cash gifts, others have argued for their disadvantages, particularly in the context of disaster relief.
Kang Yong
Kang Yong (Korean: 강용; Hanja: 康甬; born January 14, 1979) is a South Korean football player who since 2008 has played for Chunnam Dragons. He formerly played for Pohang Steelers and Gwangju Sangmu Bulsajo.

From 2009, he was loaned to Gangwon FC for one year. In July 2011, he joined Daegu FC.

Daegu FC
Daegu FC (Korean: 대구 FC) is a South Korean professional football club based in Daegu that competes in the K League 2, the second-tier of South Korean professional football. Founded as a community club at the end of 2002, they made their K League debut in 2003. The club won the 2018 Korean FA Cup and have advanced to the round of 16 in the 2021 and 2022 editions of the AFC Champions League.
The Moon in the Cloud
The Moon in the Cloud is a light-hearted children's historical fantasy novel by Rosemary Harris, published by Faber in 1968. It is set in ancient Canaan and Egypt at the time of the Biblical Flood and rooted in the story of Noah's Ark. It is the first book of a series sometimes called the Egyptian trilogy, followed by The Shadow on the Sun (1970) and The Bright and Morning Star (1972).

Harris won the annual Carnegie Medal from the Library Association, recognising the year's best children's book by a British subject.

Macmillan published the first US edition in 1969.

The Moon in the Cloud was adapted for television in 1978.

Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals
The Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals (CILIP, pronounced /ˈsɪlɪp/ SIL-ip) is a professional body for librarians, information specialists and knowledge managers in the United Kingdom.

It was established in 2002 as a merger of the Library Association (LA, sometimes LAUK) and the Institute of Information Scientists (IIS).

CILIP in Scotland (CILIPS) is an independent organisation which operates in Scotland in affiliation with CILIP and delivers services via a service level agreement.

CILIP's 2020 goal is to "put information and library skills and professional values at the heart of a democratic, equal and prosperous society".
Kidepo River
The Kidepo River is a seasonal river along the Kidepo Valley in the Karamoja region of Uganda, and in East Equatoria area of South Sudan. The river gives its name to the Kidepo Valley National Park, which it runs through.

Eastern Equatoria
Eastern Equatoria is a state in South Sudan. It has an area of 73,472 km2. The capital city is Torit. On October 1, 1972, the state was divided into Imatong and Namorunyang states and was re-established by a peace agreement signed on 22 February 2020.

Louis Lobong Lojore is the current governor of Eastern Equatoria.
Riders of the Whistling Skull
Riders of the Whistling Skull is a 1937 "Three Mesquiteers" Western B-movie of the weird western genre starring Bob Livingston, Ray "Crash" Corrigan, and ventriloquist Max Terhune with his dummy Elmer. It was directed by Mack V. Wright, produced by Nat Levine and released by Republic Pictures.  The film is based on the 1934 novel by William Colt MacDonald.

William Colt MacDonald
Allan William Colt MacDonald (December 2, 1891 – March 27, 1968), who used the pen name William Colt MacDonald, was an American writer of western fiction born in Detroit, Michigan whose work appeared both in books and on film.
Bethel High School (Connecticut)
Bethel High School is a public secondary school located in the town of Bethel, Connecticut, approximately 60 miles (97 km) north of New York City.  Founded in 1939, its previous location was the present-day Municipal Center (1 School Street) until it was moved to its current location at 300 Whittlesey Drive. The school is located in an educational park along with the elementary and middle schools of the town.

Eleanor Roosevelt spoke at the graduation of the Class of 1954. Since speaking to the graduating class of only 52 graduates, Bethel High School has expanded. As of the 2023-2024 school year, it had an enrollment of 1,083 students.

Bethel High School offers a honors and Advanced Placement (AP) Classes such as AP Calculus. It has an AP enrollment rate of 52% and a graduation rate of 96%.

AP Calculus
Advanced Placement (AP) Calculus (also known as AP Calc, Calc AB / BC, AB / BC Calc or simply AB / BC) is a set of two distinct Advanced Placement calculus courses and exams offered by the American nonprofit organization College Board. AP Calculus AB covers basic introductions to limits, derivatives, and integrals. AP Calculus BC covers all AP Calculus AB topics plus integration by parts, infinite series, parametric equations, vector calculus, and polar coordinate functions, among other topics.
John Houston Laird
John Houston Laird (September 18, 1874 – 1959) was a railway conductor and political figure in Saskatchewan. He represented Moose Jaw City from 1934 to 1938 in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan as a Liberal.

He was born in Cavendish, Prince Edward Island, the son of James Laird and Margaret Houston, and was educated at Prince of Wales College. In 1904, Laird married a Miss Derront. He worked for the Canadian Pacific Railway. He was also a Mason of a high degree and a member of the Order of Railway Conductors. Laird lived in Moose Jaw.

Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan
The Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan (French: Assemblée législative de la Saskatchewan) is the legislative chamber of the Saskatchewan Legislature in the province of Saskatchewan, Canada. Bills passed by the assembly are given royal assent by the lieutenant governor of Saskatchewan, in the name of the King of Canada. The assembly meets at the Saskatchewan Legislative Building in Regina.

There are 61 constituencies in the province, which elect members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs). All are single-member districts, though the cities of Regina, Saskatoon and Moose Jaw were in the past represented through multi-member districts, with members elected through block voting.

The legislature has been unicameral since its establishment; there has never been a provincial upper house.

The 30th Saskatchewan Legislature was elected at the 2024 Saskatchewan general election.
USS Thatcher (DD-514)
USS Thatcher (DD-514), a Fletcher-class destroyer, was the second ship of the United States Navy to be named for Rear Admiral Henry K. Thatcher (1806–1880).

Thatcher was laid down on 20 June 1942 at Bath, Maine, by the Bath Iron Works Corp.; launched on 6 December 1942; sponsored by Miss Charlotte L. Hyde; and commissioned on 10 February 1943.

Bath, Maine
Bath is a city in and county seat of Sagadahoc County, Maine, United States. Bath had a 2024 population of 8,870. Bath is  growing at a rate of 0.29% annually, and its population has increased by 1.21% since the most recent census, which recorded a population of 8,764 in 2020. The city is popular with tourists, many drawn by its 19th-century architecture. It is home to the Bath Iron Works and Heritage Days Festival, held annually during the Fourth of July weekend. It is commonly known as the "City of Ships" due to the number of sailing ships that were built in the Bath shipyards. Bath is part of the Portland-South Portland-Biddeford metropolitan statistical area.
Prahaladapuram
Prahaladapuram is a suburban area in Visakhapatnam city under Greater Visakhapatnam Municipal Corporation of Pendurthi in Andhra Pradesh, India. It is located 14 km Nomet from Visakhapatnam city center.

Vepagunta is the head post office and postal pin code is 530047.

Greater Visakhapatnam Municipal Corporation
Greater Visakhapatnam Municipal Corporation (GVMC) is the civic body that governs the city of Visakhapatnam, largest city of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. Its jurisdiction encompasses an area of 640 km2 (250 sq mi). It is also part of the planning body of the Visakhapatnam Metropolitan Region Development Authority. Established in the year 1979, the executive power of the GVMC is vested in the Municipal Commissioner, an Indian Administrative Service officer appointed by the Government of Andhra Pradesh. In January 2021, the number of wards were increased to 98 from 81 earlier. On 28 April 2025, Peela Srinivasa Rao from 96th ward of GVMC elected as new mayor of Visakhapatnam after no-confidence motion on previous mayor has successfully passed in the council.