hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Government Botanical Garden
The Government Botanical Garden is a botanical garden in Udhagamandalam, near Coimbatore (Ooty), Tamil Nadu state, India laid out in 1848. The gardens, divided into several sections, cover an area of around 22 hectares (54 acres), and lie on the lower slopes of Doddabetta peak. The garden has a terraced layout. It is maintained by the Tamil Nadu Horticulture Department.

It ascends the slopes of the hill at an elevation of 2250–2500 metres above mean sea level. The garden enjoys a temperate climate, with an average rainfall of 140 cm, the most of which is received during south-west monsoon, with frosty nights from November to February. The maximum and minimum temperatures are 28 °C and 0 °C respectively.

Magnolia grandiflora
Magnolia grandiflora, commonly known as the southern magnolia or bull bay, is a tree of the family Magnoliaceae native to the Southeastern United States, from Virginia to central Florida, and west to East Texas. Reaching 27.5 m (90 ft) in height, it is a large, striking evergreen tree, with large, dark-green leaves up to 20 cm (7+3⁄4 in) long and 12 cm (4+3⁄4 in) wide, and large, white, fragrant flowers up to 30 cm (12 in) in diameter.

Although endemic to the evergreen lowland subtropical forests on the Gulf and South Atlantic coastal plain, M. grandiflora is widely cultivated in warmer areas around the world. The timber is hard and heavy, and has been used commercially to make furniture, pallets, and veneer.
Advanced Micro-Fabrication Equipment
Advanced Micro-Fabrication Equipment (AMEC; Chinese: 中微半导体设备; pinyin: Zhōngwēi Bàndǎotǐ Shèbèi) is a partially state-owned publicly listed Chinese company that manufactures semiconductor chip production equipment. It is currently one of the largest semiconductor equipment manufacturers in China.

Lam Research
Lam Research Corporation is an American supplier of wafer-fabrication equipment and related services to the semiconductor industry. Its products are used primarily in front-end wafer processing, which involves the steps that create the active components of semiconductor devices (transistors, capacitors) and their wiring (interconnects). The company also builds equipment for back-end wafer-level packaging (WLP) and for related manufacturing markets such as for microelectromechanical systems (MEMS).

Lam Research was founded in 1980 by David K. Lam and is headquartered in Fremont, California. As of 2023, it was the third largest manufacturer in the Bay Area, after Tesla and Intuitive Surgical.
Statutes of Casimir the Great
The Statutes of Casimir the Great or Piotrków-Wiślica Statutes (Polish: Statuty wiślicko-piotrkowskie) are a collection of laws issued by Casimir III the Great, the king of Poland, in the years 1346-1362 during congresses in Piotrków and Wiślica. It was the first and the only significant codification of laws during the times of the Piast dynasty.

Codification (law)
In law, codification is the process of collecting and restating the law of a jurisdiction in certain areas, usually by subject, forming a legal code, i.e. a codex (book) of law.

Codification is one of the defining features for most civil law jurisdictions. In common law systems, such as that of English law, codification is the process of converting and consolidating judge-made law or uncodified statutes enacted by the legislature into codified statute law.
The Riddle of the Wren
The Riddle of the Wren is a Celtic fantasy novel written by Canadian author Charles de Lint. Published in 1984 by Ace Books, it was de Lint's first novel. It was republished in 2002 by Firebird Fantasy, an imprint of Penguin Group. The Riddle of the Wren is set in an alternate universe, and is heavily influenced by the works of J. R. R. Tolkien, particularly The Hobbit. The novel's main character Minda Sealy journeys into other worlds to confront Ildran the Dream-master and save the Lord of the Moors.

Parallel universes in fiction
A parallel universe, also known as an alternate universe, world, or dimension, is a plot device in fiction which uses the notion of a hypothetical universe co-existing with another, typically to enable alternative narrative possibilities. The sum of all potential parallel universes that constitute reality is often called the "multiverse".

The device serves several narrative purposes. Among them, parallel universes have been used to allow stories with elements that would ordinarily violate the laws of nature, to enable characters to meet and interact with alternative versions of themselves or others from their home universe, thus enabling further character development, and to serve as a starting point for speculative fiction, particularly alternate history.
Katherine Isbister
Katherine Isbister is an American researcher and designer specializing in human computer interaction (HCI) and game design. She is a professor of computational media at the University of California, Santa Cruz. Previously, she was an associate professor at New York University, with a joint appointment in computer science and in the Game Center at the Tisch School of the Arts. At NYU, she was the founding research director of the Game Innovation Lab.

Game design
Game design is the process of creating and shaping the mechanics, systems, rules, and gameplay of a game. Game design processes apply to board games, card games, dice games, casino games, role-playing games, sports, war games, or simulation games.

In Elements of Game Design, game designer Robert Zubek defines game design by breaking it down into three elements:

Game mechanics and systems, which are the rules and objects in the game.

Gameplay, which is the interaction between the player and the mechanics and systems. In Chris Crawford on Game Design, the author summarizes gameplay as "what the player does".

Player experience, which is how users feel when they are playing the game.

In academic research, game design falls within the field of game studies (not to be confused with game theory, which studies strategic decision making, primarily in non-game situations).
Nu Herculis
Nu Herculis, Latinized from ν Herculis, is a binary and variable star in the constellation of Hercules. With an apparent magnitude of about 4.4, it is faintly visible to the naked eye. Parallax measurements made by the Hipparcos spacecraft put it at a distance of about 860 light years (260 parsecs).

This is a binary system with the two components separated by 0.446″.  The secondary is nearly three magnitudes fainter than the primary at magnitude 7.5, and is hotter than the primary with a spectral type of B9.5.

Nu Herculis's spectral type of F2 II means that it is an F-type bright giant, with a luminosity 799 times that of the Sun. Its effective temperature is 6,410 K, hotter than the Sun. Its mass is about 5.3 solar masses. It is a possible semiregular variable star with a range of about a tenth of a magnitude.  A period of 29 days has been derived.

Naked eye
Naked eye, also called bare eye or unaided eye, is the practice of engaging in visual perception unaided by a magnifying, light-collecting optical instrument, such as a telescope or microscope, or eye protection.

In astronomy, the naked eye may be used to observe celestial events and objects visible without equipment, such as conjunctions, passing comets, meteor showers, and the brightest asteroids, including 4 Vesta. Sky lore and various tests demonstrate an impressive variety of phenomena visible to the unaided eye.
Røa
Røa (Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈrø̀ːɑ]) is a neighbourhood and a former administrative borough of the city of Oslo, Norway. In 2004 the borough of Røa was merged with neighbouring Vinderen to become Vestre Aker borough.

Røa is a suburb of Oslo, located approximately 7 kilometers away from downtown Oslo. Most of Røa consists of single-family detached home and duplex houses. Its centre has been heavily urbanized in recent years, with shopping centres, offices and apartment blocks. Røa is served by the Røa Line, which takes 11 minutes to Majorstuen and 13 minutes to Nationaltheatret in downtown Oslo.

Single-family detached home
A single-family detached home – also called a single-detached dwelling, single-family residence (SFR), separate house, or other similar terms – is a free-standing residential building. It is defined in opposition to a multi-family residential dwelling.
HMS Advantage (W 133)
HMS Advantage (W 133) was a Favourite-class tugboat of the Royal Navy during the Second World War. Built in the United States, she was transferred to the Royal Navy under Lend-Lease. Advantage served until the end of the war with the Royal Navy and was returned to the United States postwar. Sold to a Chinese merchant shipping company, she served successively as 109, Ming 309, and Kaoshiung until her 1965 scrapping.

Admiralty tug
Admiralty tugs were tugboats built for and operated by the Royal Navy. These were vessels built to Admiralty specifications and in specific classes during the First and Second World Wars. They were built to meet the Royal Navy's demand for auxiliary vessels and to supplement the civilian tugs requisitioned by the Admiralty for war service.
Peter Ries
Peter Ries (also known as Marc Cassandra, Gilbert or Steve Hall) is a German record producer, composer, arranger and remixer.

Ries started his career as a singer in 1980 under the nickname Gilbert. Following collaborations with Sandra and Sally Oldfield, he produced singles with 'N Sync, Kylie Minogue, Love Inc., Eros Ramazzotti, No Angels, Bro'Sis, Joana Zimmer, Thomas Anders, Xavier Naidoo, Kool & the Gang, Mr. President, Enigma and several DSDS candidates including Juliette Schoppmann and Mike Leon Grosch.

Deutschland sucht den Superstar
Deutschland sucht den Superstar (DSDS; "Germany is looking for the Superstar") is a German reality talent show. Part of the Idol franchise, it was created by British media mogul Simon Fuller as a spin-off from the British show Pop Idol, of which two series were broadcast between the years of 2001 and 2003. Debuting to mediocre ratings in November 2002 on the RTL network, the show has since become one of the most successful shows on German television.

The program aims to discover the best singer in the country through a series of nationwide auditions in which viewer voting determines the winner. Voting is done through phone and SMS text voting.

In July 2022, RTL announced that the show would discontinue after the conclusion of the 20th season in 2023. In the first live show of the 20th season it was announced that there will be a 21st season in 2024.
Selenomonadales
The Selenomonadales are an order of bacteria within the class Negativicutes; unlike most other members of Bacillota, they are Gram-negative.  The phylogeny of this order was initially determined by 16S rRNA comparisons. More recently, molecular markers in the form of conserved signature indels (CSIs) have been found specific for all Selenomonadales species. On the basis of these markers, the Selenomonadales are inclusive of two distinct families, and are no longer the sole order within the Negativicutes. Several CSIs have also been found specific for both families, Sporomusaceae and Selenomonadceae. Samples of bacterial strains within this order have been isolated from the root canals of healthy human teeth.

Bacillota
The Bacillota (synonym "Firmicutes") are a phylum of bacteria, most of which have Gram-positive cell wall structure. They have round cells, called cocci (singular coccus), or rod-like forms (bacillus). A few Bacillota, such as Megasphaera, Pectinatus, Selenomonas, and Zymophilus from the class Negativicutes, have a porous pseudo-outer membrane that causes them to stain Gram-negative. Many Bacillota produce endospores, which are resistant to desiccation and can survive extreme conditions. They are found in various environments, and the group includes some notable pathogens. Those in one family, the Heliobacteria, produce energy through anoxygenic photosynthesis. Bacillota play an important role in beer, wine, and cider spoilage.
Grange Hill series 23
The twenty-third series of the British television drama series Grange Hill began broadcasting on 25 January 2000, before ending on 30 March 2000 on BBC One. The series follows the lives of the staff and pupils of the eponymous school, an inner-city London comprehensive school. It consists of twenty episodes.

Kate Bell (British actress)
Kate Bell (born 21 April 1981) is a British actress, best known for her role as Kelly Bradshaw in the long-running BBC school drama Grange Hill. She appeared in the show from 1995 to 2001.

She has also appeared in The Bill and the children's series Samson Superslug.
Robert B. Pamplin Jr.
Robert Boisseau Pamplin Jr. (born September 3, 1941) is an American businessman, philanthropist, and minister. He is also noted as an educator, historic preservationist and author.

A longtime Oregonian, Pamplin is chairman, president and CEO of R.B. Pamplin Corporation, a family-owned company headquartered in Portland. It is one of the largest private corporations in Oregon. He has appeared on the Forbes 400 list of wealthiest Americans. In 2001, he was reported to be the third-wealthiest person in Oregon.

Pamplin's holdings include textile company Mount Vernon Mills, and the Pamplin Media Group.

University of Portland
The University of Portland (UP) is a private Catholic university in Portland, Oregon, United States. It was founded in 1901 and is affiliated with the Congregation of Holy Cross, which also founded UP's sister school, the University of Notre Dame. UP enrolls approximately 3,700 students.

The campus is in the University Park neighborhood near St. Johns, on a bluff overlooking the Willamette River. With a college of arts and sciences, a graduate school, and schools of business, education, engineering, and nursing and health innovations, it is Oregon's only comprehensive Catholic university. UP is North Portland's largest corporation and has an annual economic impact on Portland of $170 million. More than 17,000 alumni live in the Portland metropolitan area.
Racquetball at the 2011 Pan American Games – Women's singles
The women's singles competition of the racquetball events at the 2011 Pan American Games will be held from October 17–22 at the Racquetball Complex in Guadalajara, Mexico. The defending Pan American Games champion is Cheryl Gudinas of the United States, while the defending Pan American regional champion from 2011 is Rhonda Rajsich also of the United States.

Cheryl Gudinas
Cheryl Gudinas (born May 11, 1967) is an American retired racquetball player. Gudinas won three [www.internationalracquetball.com International Racquetball Federation] (IRF) World Championships in Women’s Singles (2000, 2002, 2004), and was the #1 player on the women's pro racquetball tour from 2000-2004, finishing in the top 10 on tour a record 21 seasons.
2023 Zhuhai Challenger – Doubles
Gong Maoxin and Zhang Ze were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Luca Castelnuovo and Filip Peliwo won the title after defeating Li Hanwen and Li Zhe 7–5, 7–6(7–4) in the final.

Filip Peliwo
Filip Peliwo (/ˈfɪlɪp ˈpɛlɪvoʊ/ FIL-ip PEL-iv-oh, Polish: [ˈfilip pɛˈlivɔ]; born January 30, 1994) is a Canadian-born Polish professional tennis player. He reached a career-high ATP singles ranking of World No. 161 on 21 May 2018. In 2022, he began competing for Poland. Peliwo became the first Canadian male and second Canadian ever to win a Grand Slam in singles at any level with his 2012 Wimbledon boys' title win. This was Canada's second Grand Slam title in two days, one day after Eugenie Bouchard's. With the victory, Peliwo reached the No. 1 combined junior world ranking in July 2012, the first time a Canadian has been top ranked. He won his second straight junior Grand Slam title at the 2012 US Open. Peliwo was also runner-up in the boys singles events at the 2012 Australian Open and French Open.
Francis James (MP)
Francis James  (1559–1616), of Wells and Bristol, was an English politician.

He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Dorchester in 1593, for Corfe Castle in 1597, for Minehead in 1601 and for Wareham in 1604. His brother, William James, was bishop of Durham.

Minehead (UK Parliament constituency)
Minehead was a parliamentary borough in Somerset, forming part of the town of Minehead, which elected two Members of Parliament (MPs) to the House of Commons from 1563 until 1832, when the borough was abolished by the Great Reform Act.
Bernard Conlan
Bernard Conlan (24 October 1923 – 12 December 2013) was a British Labour Party politician.

Conlan was educated in Manchester and became an engineer, and an official of the Amalgamated Engineering Union from 1942. He served as a councillor on Manchester City Council from 1954.

Conlan contested High Peak in 1959.
He was Member of Parliament for Gateshead East from 1964 until he retired in 1987.  His successor was Joyce Quin.

Conlan died 12 December 2013 aged 90.

Amalgamated Engineering Union
The Amalgamated Engineering Union (AEU) was a major British trade union. It merged with the Electrical, Electronic, Telecommunications and Plumbing Union to form the Amalgamated Engineering and Electrical Union in 1992.
Annette Lemieux
Annette  Lemieux (born 1957 in Norfolk, Virginia) is an American artist who emerged in the early 1980s along with the "picture theory" artists (David Salle, Jack Goldstein, Cindy Sherman, Barbara Kruger, Richard Prince). Lemieux brought to the studio a discipline equally based on introspection, and the manifestations of an ideological minimalism.  Process is a key component in the execution of her works over the past three decades, creating the lure to the confrontation of issues of social and historical urgency.
Lemieux has been the recipient of awards from the National Endowment of the Arts and the Keiser Wilhelm Museum, Germany and an honorary Doctorate in Fine Arts from Montserrat College of Art.  Presently, in addition to her studio and exhibition schedule, she is a senior lecturer at Harvard University in the area of visual and environmental studies.

David Salle
David Salle (born September 28, 1952; last name pronounced "Sally") is an American Postmodern painter, printmaker, photographer, and stage designer. Salle was born in Norman, Oklahoma, and lives and works in East Hampton, New York. He earned a BFA and MFA from the California Institute of the Arts, Valencia, California, where he studied with John Baldessari. Salle’s work first came to public attention in New York City in the early 1980s.
Mireya I. Ramos
Mireya I. Ramos is a Latin Grammy Award-winning musician, composer, producer, and arranger. She is a founding member of the all-female mariachi group Flor de Toloache and is based in New York City.

Ramos is of Dominican and Mexican descent and was raised in San Juan, Puerto Rico. Her early musical exposure came from her parents' Mexican restaurant, which regularly featured live music from South America, Central America, and the Caribbean. She was a member of the San Juan Children's Choir, with whom she toured for ten years, and also received private violin instruction using the Suzuki method.

Suzuki method
The Suzuki method is a mid-20th-century music curriculum and teaching method created by Japanese violinist and pedagogue Shinichi Suzuki. The method claims to create a reinforcing environment for learning music for young learners.
Jerzy Milian
Jerzy Stanisław Milian (April 10, 1935 – March 7, 2018) was a Polish jazz musician, painter, composer and vibraphonist. At sixteen he graduated from the Secondary School of Music in Poznań. His teachers were Wolfram Heicking and Bogusław Schaeffer.

Wolfram Heicking
Wolfram Heicking (19 May 1927 – 19 August 2023) was a German composer, musicologist and professor at the Hanns Eisler Music Academy in Berlin. He was renowned for his extensive body of work that blended classical music with jazz and pop elements and for his influential role in music education in East Germany.
1995 World Juniors Track Cycling Championships
The 1995 World Juniors Track Cycling Championships were the 21st annual Junior World Championships for track cycling held in Forlì, San Marino in August 1995.

The Championships had five events for men (sprint, points race, individual pursuit, team pursuit and 1 kilometre time trial) and two for women (sprint and individual pursuit).

Forlì
Forlì (/fɔːrˈliː/ for-LEE; Italian: [forˈli] ⓘ; Romagnol: Furlè [furˈlɛ]; Latin: Forum Livii) is a comune (municipality) and city in Emilia-Romagna, Northern Italy, and is, together with Cesena, the capital of the Province of Forlì-Cesena.

The city is situated along the Via Emilia, to the east of the Montone river, and is an important agricultural centre. The city hosts some of Italy's culturally and artistically significant landmarks; it is also notable as the birthplace of painters Melozzo da Forlì and Marco Palmezzano, humanist historian Flavio Biondo, physicians Geronimo Mercuriali and Giovanni Battista Morgagni. The University Campus of Forlì (part of the University of Bologna) is specialized in Economics, Engineering, Medicine, Political Sciences as well as the Advanced school of Modern Languages for Interpreters and Translators (SSLMIT).
San Pietro di Feletto
San Pietro di Feletto is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Treviso in the Italian region Veneto, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) north of Venice and about 50 kilometres (31 mi) north of Treviso.

Treviso
Treviso (US: /treɪˈviːzoʊ/ tray-VEE-zoh; Italian: [treˈviːzo] ⓘ; Venetian: Trevixo [tɾeˈvizo]) is a city and comune (municipality) in the Veneto region of northern Italy. It is the capital of the province of Treviso and the municipality has 87,322 inhabitants (as of December 2024). Some 3,000 live within the Venetian walls (le Mura) or in the historical and monumental center; some 80,000 live in the urban center while the city hinterland has a population of approximately 170,000.

The province is home to the headquarters of clothing retailer Benetton, Sisley, Stefanel, Geox, Diadora and Lotto Sport Italia, appliance maker De'Longhi, and bicycle maker Pinarello.

Treviso is also known for being the original production area of Prosecco wine and radicchio, and is thought to have been the origin of the popular Italian dessert tiramisù.
Lynette Lombard
Lynette Lombard (December 13, 1953 – November 8, 2023) was an American landscape painter. She was a perceptual painter interested in the territory between figuration and abstraction. Her work was deeply informed by Expressionism and influenced by artists including El Greco, Chaïm Soutine, and Philip Guston.

Chaïm Soutine
Chaïm Soutine (French: [ʃaim sutin]; Russian: Хаим Соломонович Сутин, romanized: Khaim Solomonovich Sutin; Yiddish: חײם סוטין, romanized: Chaim Sutin; 13 January 1893 – 9 August 1943) was a French painter of Belarusian-Jewish origin of the School of Paris, who made a major contribution to the Expressionist movement while living and working in Paris.

Inspired by classic painting in the European tradition, exemplified by the works of Rembrandt, Chardin and Courbet, Soutine developed an individual style more concerned with shape, color, and texture than representation, which served as a bridge between more traditional approaches and the developing form of Abstract Expressionism.
My Sweet Pepper Land
My Sweet Pepper Land is a 2013 Kurdish-language internationally co-produced drama film directed and co-written by Huner Saleem. It was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival. It was nominated in the 7th annual Asia Pacific Screen Awards for Achievement in Directing for Huner Saleem and Best Performance by an Actress for Golshifteh Farahani.

Asia Pacific Screen Awards
The Asia Pacific Screen Awards (APSA) is an international cultural initiative overseen by the Asia Pacific Screen Academy and headquartered in Australia, sometimes called "Asia-Pacific Oscars". In order to realise UNESCO's goals of promoting and preserving the different cultures through the influential medium of cinema, it honours and promotes the films, actors, directors, and cultures of the Asia Pacific area to a worldwide audience.