hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Saul Rosen
Saul Rosen (February 8, 1922 – June 9, 1991) was an American computer science pioneer.
He is known for designing the software of the first transistor-based computer Philco Transac S-2000, and for his work on programming language design which influenced the ALGOL language.

In 1947, he was involved in establishing the Association for Computing Machinery; in particular he was the first editor of its journal Communications of the ACM.
In 1979 he co-founded the journal Annals of the History of Computing, then published by AFIPS.

American Federation of Information Processing Societies
The American Federation of Information Processing Societies (AFIPS) was an umbrella organization of professional societies established on May 10, 1961, and dissolved  in 1990. Its mission was to advance knowledge in the field of information science, and to represent its member societies in international forums.
Austinville, Iowa
Austinville is an unincorporated community in southwestern Butler County, Iowa, United States.  It lies along Iowa Highway 57 southwest of the city of Allison, the county seat of Butler County. Although Austinville is unincorporated, it has a post office with the ZIP code of 50608, which opened on 3 October 1892. As of the United States Census, 2020, the ZIP code's population was 38.

Allison, Iowa
Allison is a city in, and the county seat of, Butler County, Iowa, United States. The population was 966 at the 2020 census. Allison is home to the Butler County Fair. The city was named for U.S. Senator William B. Allison in 1881.
Kim Mi-sub
Kim Mi-sub (24 December 1972 – 15 December 2025) was a South Korean modern pentathlete. He competed in the men's individual event at the 1996 Summer Olympics.

Kim died on 15 December 2025 in Carrollton, Texas, at the age of 52.

Modern pentathlon at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Modern pentathlon at the 1996 Summer Olympics. Only an individual competition was held; the team event was removed by the International Olympic Committee after the previous games. The competition was significantly changed compared to 1992, with athletes now competing over a single day instead of 4–6 days to generate more fan interest.
The Divide trilogy
The Divide trilogy is a fantasy young adult novel trilogy by Elizabeth Kay, which takes place in an alternate universe. The three books are The Divide (2002), Back to The Divide (2005), and Jinx on The Divide (2006). The first novel was originally published by the small press publisher Chicken House (now a division of Scholastic), with subsequent volumes published by Scholastic, which also reprinted the first novel. The books have been translated into French, German, Spanish, Finnish, Chinese, Japanese, Portuguese, Italian, Romanian and Dutch. Interior illustrations are by Ted Dewan.

Parallel universes in fiction
A parallel universe, also known as an alternate universe, world, or dimension, is a plot device in fiction which uses the notion of a hypothetical universe co-existing with another, typically to enable alternative narrative possibilities. The sum of all potential parallel universes that constitute reality is often called the "multiverse".

The device serves several narrative purposes. Among them, parallel universes have been used to allow stories with elements that would ordinarily violate the laws of nature, to enable characters to meet and interact with alternative versions of themselves or others from their home universe, thus enabling further character development, and to serve as a starting point for speculative fiction, particularly alternate history.
Nagorzyce
Nagorzyce [naɡɔˈʐɨt͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Waśniów, within Ostrowiec County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) south of Waśniów, 16 km (10 mi) south-west of Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski, and 43 km (27 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.

Ostrowiec County
Ostrowiec County (Polish: powiat ostrowiecki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, south-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski, which lies 56 kilometres (35 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce. The county also contains the towns of Ćmielów, lying 10 km (6 mi) south-east of Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski, and Kunów, 9 km (6 mi) west of Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski.

The county covers an area of 616.33 square kilometres (238.0 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 109,512, out of which the population of Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski is 68,641, that of Ćmielów is 3,012, that of Kunów is 2,967, and the rural population is 34,892.
British and Dominions Film Corporation
British and Dominions Film Corporation was a short-lived British film production company located at Imperial Place, Elstree Way, Borehamwood, Hertfordshire. The studio had its home base at British and Dominions Imperial Studios then relocated to Pinewood Studios.

The company was dominated by the producer and director Herbert Wilcox. The company gained a contract to make quota films for release by the British subsidiary of Paramount Pictures.

The company was formed in the 1920s between Herbert Wilcox and Nelson Keys.

The company struggled to distribute films in Europe. In August 1933 it was called "easily the most active of British productionists at the moment."

In December 1939 the company reported a loss of £8,000.

Borehamwood
Borehamwood (/ˌbɔːrəmˈwʊd/, historically also Boreham Wood) is a town in southern Hertfordshire, England, 12 miles (19 km) from Charing Cross. Borehamwood has a population of 36,322, and is within the London commuter belt. The town's film and TV studios are commonly known as Elstree Studios.
Inga roseomarginella
Inga roseomarginella is a moth in the family Oecophoridae. It was described by August Busck in 1911. It is found in French Guiana.

The wingspan is about 20 mm. The forewings are shining ocherous white with dark brown dusting, and with the entire costa and terminal edge broadly rosy red. The dark brown scales are irregularly sprinkled over the wing with a first and second discal spot basely emphasized. A dark brown line runs from the apical fourth of the costa in an outward curve across the wing to the dorsum. The hindwings are very light lemon yellow.

August Busck
Augustus Busck (February 18, 1870 in Randers, Denmark – March 7, 1944) was a Danish-American entomologist with the United States Department of Agriculture's Bureau of Entomology, stationed in the U.S. National Museum. He is best known for his work with microlepidoptera, of which he described over 600 species. His collections of Lepidoptera from North America and the Panama Canal Zone are held by the National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C.
Nathan Franklin Barrett
Nathan Franklin Barrett (November 19, 1845 – October 16, 1919) was an American landscape architect. He is best known for his designs for company town of Pullman, Illinois, the Hotel Ponce de Leon in Florida and Naumkeag in Stockbridge, Massachusetts. Barrett was a founding member and president of the American Society of Landscape Architects. He also maintained a long working relationship with many noted architects and firms of the time including those of McKim, Mead & White, Carrère and Hastings and Horace Trumbauer.

Landscape architect
A landscape architect is a person who is educated and trained in the field of landscape architecture.

According to the International Federation of Landscape Architects, which draws on International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO/08, 2162), the profession is defined as:

Landscape Architects plan, design and manage natural and built environments, applying aesthetic and scientific principles to address ecological sustainability, quality and health of landscapes, collective memory, heritage and culture, and territorial justice.

Other definitions emphasise the technical and regulatory aspects of practice. For example, landscape architecture may include site analysis and inventory, land and site planning, planting design, grading and earthworks, nature based solutions, stormwater management, sustainable design, engagement, construction specification, and ensuring compliance with building codes, planning policy, and environmental regulation.
Bat Shlomo
Bat Shlomo (Hebrew: בָּת שְׁלֹמֹה, lit. 'Salomon's Daughter') is a moshav in northern Israel. Located on the southern slopes of Mount Carmel near Binyamina and Zikhron Ya'akov, it originally was built on 8,068 dunams of land. It falls under the jurisdiction of Hof HaCarmel Regional Council and had a population of 633 in 2022.

Mount Carmel
Mount Carmel (Hebrew: הַר הַכַּרְמֶל, romanized: Har haKarmel; Arabic: جبل الكرمل, romanized: Jabal al-Karmil), also known in Arabic as Mount Mar Elias (Arabic: جبل مار إلياس, romanized: Jabal Mār Ilyās, lit. 'Mount Saint Elias/Elijah'; Hebrew: הַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ אֵלִיָּהוּ, romanized: Har haQadosh Eliyahu), is a coastal mountain range in northern Israel stretching from the Mediterranean Sea towards the southeast. The range is a UNESCO biosphere reserve. A number of towns are situated there, most notably Haifa, Israel's third largest city, located on the northern and western slopes.
Ambidexter (horse)
Ambidexter (foaled 1787) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse best known for winning the classic St Leger Stakes in 1790. In a racing career which lasted from May 1790 until September 1791, and was conducted exclusively in Yorkshire, he won two of his eight races. After his retirement from racing he does not appear to have been used as a breeding stallion.

St Leger Stakes
The St Leger Stakes is a Group 1 flat horse race in Great Britain open to three-year-old thoroughbred colts and fillies. It is run at Doncaster over a distance of 1 mile, 6 furlongs and 115 yards (2,921 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in September.

Established in 1776, the St Leger is the oldest of Britain's five Classic races. It is the last of the five to be run each year, and its distance is longer than any of the other four.

The St Leger is the final leg of the English Triple Crown, which begins with the 2000 Guineas and continues with the Derby. It also completes the Fillies Triple Crown, following on from the 1000 Guineas and The Oaks. The St Leger has rarely featured Triple Crown contenders in recent decades, with the only one in recent years being the 2012 2,000 Guineas and Derby winner Camelot, who finished second in the St Leger.
Beth El Synagogue (Newfoundland)
Beth El Synagogue is a Conservative synagogue in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador. It is the only synagogue in Newfoundland, and the easternmost synagogue in North America.

The Hebrew Congregation of Newfoundland was founded in 1909 as an Orthodox congregation meeting in rented spaces in town. The earliest members were Jews from the United States; later, many Russian Jews who had defected from the Soviet Union became members during the Cold War. The current synagogue building at the corner of Elizabeth and Downing was constructed from 1959 to 1961, and features include an open courtyard. Edmond de Rothschild was made an honorary member of the synagogue in 1966 for his contributions to its construction. In 2001, the building underwent extensive renovations.

As of 2008, the congregation had 25 member families. The president was Dr. Michael Paul.

Edmond James de Rothschild
Baron Abraham Edmond Benjamin James de Rothschild (Hebrew: הברון אברהם אדמונד בנימין  ג'יימס  רוטשילד, romanized: HaBaron Avraham Edmond Binyamin Ya'akov Rotshield; 19 August 1845 – 2 November 1934) was a French member of the Rothschild banking family. A strong supporter of Zionism, his large donations lent significant support to the first Jewish settlements in Palestine (the First Aliyah), which eventually led to the establishment of the State of Israel—where he is simply known as "Baron Rothschild", "HaBaron" (lit. 'The Baron'), or "Hanadiv Hayeduah" (lit. 'The noble philanthropist').
Eugenio Henke
Eugenio Henke (1909-1990) was an admiral of the Italian Armed forces who served as the director of the Defense Information Service (SID) from July 1966 to October 1970. He became the Chief of Defense Staff from August 1972 to January 1975; he was the first naval officer to hold the position in Italy.

Eugenio Henke, an admiral of the Italian Royal Navy, was born 15 November 1909 in Genoa, Italy; he enrolled in the Royal Naval Academy Livorno in ordinary courses and graduated in 1931. He became lieutenant during the outbreak of Second World War and was the deputy in command of the Vincenzo Gioberti destroyer until 1941. Eugenio Henke had participated in over 40 wars and missions, 16 convoys escort missions, in inclusion was the battle of Capo Matapan, the Punta Stilo and the Capo Teulada.

Punta Stilo
Punta Stilo (Italian for "Cape of Columns") is the name of an arcuate headland in Calabria, Italy. It lies immediately north of Monasterace (the site of ancient Caulonia) and constitutes the western coast of the Gulf of Squillace. Pliny the Elder refers to it by the name Cocynthum. The names Punta Stilo and Stilida were mentioned for the first time in the Itinerarium maritimum which dates to the late fifth century AD.
Hokusetsu Prefectural Natural Park
Hokusetsu Prefectural Natural Park (大阪府立北摂自然公園, Osaka Prefectural Hokusetsu Natural Park) is a Prefectural Natural Park in the mountains and foothills of northeast Ōsaka Prefecture, Japan. Established in 2001, the park comprises ten non-contiguous areas scattered over the municipalities of Ibaraki, Minō, Nose, Shimamoto, Takatsuki and Toyono.

Ibaraki, Osaka
Ibaraki (茨木市, Ibaraki-shi) is a city in Osaka Prefecture, Japan.  As of 31 March 2023, the city had an estimated population of 285,224 in 132,300 households and a population density of 3,700 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 76.49 square kilometres (29.53 sq mi). It is a suburban city of Osaka City and a part of the Kyoto-Osaka-Kobe metropolitan area.
Schomburgk's deer
The Schomburgk's deer (Rucervus schomburgki) is an extinct species of deer once endemic to central Thailand. It was described by Edward Blyth in 1863 and named after Sir Robert H. Schomburgk, who was the British consul in Bangkok from 1857 to 1864. It is thought to have gone extinct by 1938, when the last records of the species were published.

Central Thailand
Central Thailand (also known as Siam, Siam proper or Dvaravati) is one of the regions of Thailand, covering the broad alluvial plain of the Chao Phraya River. Located in the central plains, it is separated from northeast Thailand (Isan) by the Phetchabun mountain range. The Tenasserim Hills separate it from Myanmar to the west. In the north it is bounded by the Phi Pan Nam Range, one of the hilly systems of northern Thailand. The area was the heartland of the Ayutthaya Kingdom (at times referred to as Siam) and is still the dominant area of Thailand since it contains the world's most primate city, Bangkok.
Saurauia merrillii
Saurauia merrillii is a species of plant in the family Actinidiaceae. It is native to the Philippines. Adolph Daniel Edward Elmer, the American botanist who first formally described the species, named it in honor of Elmer Drew Merrill, another American botanist.

Elmer Drew Merrill
Elmer Drew Merrill (October 15, 1876 – February 25, 1956) was an American botanist and taxonomist. He spent more than twenty years in the Philippines where he became a recognized authority on the flora of the Asia-Pacific region. Through the course of his career he authored nearly 500 publications, described approximately 3,000 new plant species, and amassed over one million herbarium specimens. In addition to his scientific work he was an accomplished administrator, college dean, university professor and editor of scientific journals.
Adele Howe
Adele E. Howe (1961 – January 20, 2017) was an American computer scientist specializing in artificial intelligence. She was one of the developers of the Planning Domain Definition Language for automated planning and scheduling, and was also known for her work on metasearch engines. She was a Professor Laureate in the College of Natural Sciences at Colorado State University.

Planning Domain Definition Language
The Planning Domain Definition Language (PDDL) is an attempt to standardize Artificial Intelligence (AI) planning languages. It was first developed by Drew McDermott and his colleagues in 1998 mainly to make the 1998/2000 International Planning Competition (IPC) possible, and then evolved with each competition. The standardization provided by PDDL has the benefit of making research more reusable and easily comparable, though at the cost of some expressive power, compared to domain-specific systems.
Code Red (DJ Jazzy Jeff & the Fresh Prince album)
Code Red is the fifth and final studio album by the American hip-hop duo DJ Jazzy Jeff & the Fresh Prince, released on October 12, 1993, on Jive Records. The album peaked at number sixty-four on the Billboard 200 and number thirty-nine on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart. On January 14, 1994, the Recording Industry Association of America certified the album gold. Four singles reached the Billboard charts; "Boom! Shake the Room", "I'm Looking for the One (To Be with Me)", "I Wanna Rock", and "Can't Wait to Be with You".

Kris Kross
Kris Kross was an American hip hop duo composed of rappers Chris "Mac Daddy" Kelly and Chris "Daddy Mac" Smith and formed by record producer Jermaine Dupri. They were the youngest hip-hop group to gain commercial success, charting releases by the age of 13. Smith and Kelly were discovered by Dupri in 1990, with whom they signed as the first act on his record label So So Def Recordings.

The duo saw national recognition with their 1992 debut single, "Jump", which sat atop the Billboard Hot 100 for eight weeks and received double platinum certification by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). They released three studio albums; their debut, Totally Krossed Out (1992) peaked atop the US Billboard 200, while their second and third, Da Bomb (1993) and Young, Rich & Dangerous (1996), both entered the top 20. The duo were also noted for their signature fashion style of backward attire. Kelly died of a drug overdose on May 1, 2013.
Jatoth Ram Chander Naik
Jatoth Ram Chander Naik (born 1975) is an Indian politician from Telangana state. He is currently & 3rd deputy speaker. He is an MLA from Dornakal which is reserved for ST community Mahabubabad district. He represents Indian National Congress Party and won the 2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election.

Dornakal Assembly constituency
Dornakal Assembly constituency is a ST reserved constituency of Telangana Legislative Assembly, India. This region is occupied by more scheduled tribes in highest number. It is one of 12 constituencies in combined Warangal district, and one of the constituencies of Mahabubabad district. It is part of Mahabubabad Lok Sabha constituency.

Ram Chander Naik is the current MLA of the constituency.
Frédéric Gagey
Frédéric Gagey (born 29 June 1956) is a French businessman, the CFO of Air France–KLM.

Gagey is a graduate of the Ecole Polytechnique and the ENSAE School of Economics, Statistics and Finance. He also holds a master's degree in economics from the Université de Paris I.

His career started at the French Bureau of Statistics (INSEE) and in the Ministry of Finance. From September 1994 to April 1997, he held major positions at Air Inter. Following the merger between that airline and Air France in April 1997, Gagey was appointed Vice President for privatization and financial communication at Air France. He then assumed up the position of financial director in June 1999.

He joined KLM on January 1, 2005, before becoming Executive Vice President Financial Affairs. In 2012, he was appointed Chief Financial Officer at Air France.

In 2016, Gagey was appointed Executive Vice President Finance of the Air France–KLM group.

Ministry of Economics and Finance (France)
48°50′21″N 2°22′33″E﻿ / ﻿48.83917°N 2.37583°E﻿ / 48.83917; 2.37583
The Ministry of Economics, Finance and Industrial and Digital Sovereignty (French: Ministère de l'Économie, des Finances et de la Souveraineté industrielle et numérique, pronounced [ministɛʁ d(ə) lekɔnɔmi e definɑ̃s]), informally referred to as Bercy, is one of the most important ministries in the Government of France. Its minister is one of the most prominent cabinet members after the prime minister. The name of the ministry has changed over time; it has included the terms "economics", "industry", "finance" and "employment" throughout its history.
Alley Spring Roller Mill
The Alley Spring Roller Mill, also known as Red Mill, is a historic grist mill located in the Ozark National Scenic Riverways near Eminence, Shannon County, Missouri. It was built in 1893, and is a 2 1/2-story, rectangular frame building on a limestone block foundation. It measures 32 feet by 42 feet and houses four steel rollers and a single stone burr.

In 2017, the mill was featured in the U.S. Mint America the Beautiful Quarters series. The design is an image of Alley Mill that was created by Ron Sanders and sculpted by Renata Gordon.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981.

America the Beautiful quarters
The America the Beautiful quarters (sometimes abbreviated ATB quarters) were a series of fifty-six 25-cent pieces (quarters) issued by the United States Mint, which began in 2010 and lasted until 2021. The obverse (front) of all the coins depicts George Washington in a modified version of the portrait used for the original 1932 Washington quarter. There were five new reverse (back) designs each year (one in 2021), each commemorating a national natural or historic site such as national parks, national historic sites, or national forests – one from each state, the federal district, and each territory. The program was authorized by the America's Beautiful National Parks Quarter Dollar Coin Act of 2008 (Pub. L. 110–456 (text) (PDF).
Clemency (film)
Clemency is a 2019 American drama film written and directed by Chinonye Chukwu. It stars Alfre Woodard, Richard Schiff, Danielle Brooks, Michael O'Neill, Richard Gunn, Wendell Pierce, and Aldis Hodge. The plot follows the lives of prison warden Bernadine Williams (Woodard) and death row inmate Anthony Woods (Hodge).

Clemency had its world premiere at the Sundance Film Festival, where it won the Grand Jury Prize for U.S. Dramatic Competition, on January 27, 2019 and was theatrically released in the United States by Neon on December 27, 2019. The film received acclaim from critics, who lauded Woodard's performance, as well as Chukwu's direction and screenplay. It earned nominations for Best Feature, Best Female Lead (for Woodard), and Best Screenplay (for Chukwu) at the 35th Independent Spirit Awards and Best Actress in a Leading Role (for Woodard) at the 74th British Academy Film Awards.

Independent Spirit Award for Best Film
The Independent Spirit Award for Best Film (or Best Feature) is one of the annual Independent Spirit Awards, presented to recognize the best in independent filmmaking, it was first awarded in 1985 with Martin Scorsese's film After Hours being the first recipient of the award.
The Rough Guide to the Music of Ethiopia
The Rough Guide to the Music of Ethiopia refers to two albums by the World Music Network:

The Rough Guide to the Music of Ethiopia (2004 album), focusing on music of the 1960s

The Rough Guide to the Music of Ethiopia (2012 album), focusing on music of the 21st century

The Rough Guide to the Music of Ethiopia (2004 album)
The Rough Guide to the Music of Ethiopia is a world music compilation album originally released in 2004. Part of the World Music Network Rough Guides series, the release covers the music of Ethiopia, focusing largely on 1960s pop. The compilation was curated by Francis Falceto, who also produces Buda Musique's Éthiopiques series. Phil Stanton, co-founder of the World Music Network, was the producer.

This album was followed by a second volume, focusing on music of the early 21st Century, in 2012.