hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mapuche uprising of 1723
The Mapuche uprising of 1723 was a rebellion of the Mapuche (an Indigenous people of western South America) against the Spanish Empire and its colonial administration in present-day Chile. It began with the killing of Pascual Delgado by Mapuches and continued until Mapuche factions begun to sue for peace in 1725. The Spanish reinforced the fort of Purén, and most of the Spanish managed to find refuge in the various forts without being intercepted or harassed by Mapuches. On August Mapuche toki Vilumilla pushed north occupying Isla del Laja, that is the lands between Bío Bío and Laja rivers. The Spanish led by Manuel de Salamanca attacked a Mapuche encampment of warriors August 24, a day of heavy rain. The Mapuche initially fought with tenacity but came to believe they were being surrounded so they fled the scene.

Eventually, peace was established by treaty again on February 13, 1726  in the Parliament of Negrete.

Laja River (Chile)
Laja River (Spanish: Río Laja) is a river in Chile, along which can be found the Laja Falls. It is located in the Bío Bío Region. The source of the river is Laguna del Laja in the Andes, then flows westward through the Chilean Central Valley and terminates into the Bío Bío River, being an important tributary of it.
Móstoles-El Soto railway station
Móstoles-El Soto, is one of two railway stations serving the town of Móstoles in the Community of Madrid, Spain. It is situated on the Madrid-Móstoles-El Soto railway and is owned by Adif. The station currently serves as the western terminus of one of Madrid's commuter lines (Cercanías Madrid line C-5).

There are plans to extend the line across the Guadarrama valley to Navalcarnero. A contract was awarded to OHL, but did not proceed due to the 2008 financial crisis.

The station which was constructed in the 1970s is in need of updating.

Administrador de Infraestructuras Ferroviarias
ADIF (Spanish: [aˈðif], an acronym of Administrador de Infraestructuras Ferroviarias) is a Spanish state-owned railway infrastructure manager.  This state owned company reports to the Ministry of Transport and Sustainable Mobility. ADIF is charged with the management of most of Spain's railway infrastructure, that is the track, signaling and stations. It was formed in 2005 in response to European Union requirements to separate the natural monopoly of infrastructure management from the competitive operations of running train services. It is the legal successor of Renfe, Feve (Ferrocarriles de Vía Estrecha), and GIF (Gestor de Infraestructuras Ferroviarias).
Toby Morland
Toby Morland (born 27 February 1983) is a New Zealand rugby union player. His position of choice is halfback. Morland currently plays for Manawatu in the Mitre 10 Cup.

He made his Super rugby debut for the Highlanders in 2004 and played for them until 2008. He was selected because of his strong performance in the Air New Zealand Cup when he played for Otago.

Otago Rugby Football Union
The Otago Rugby Football Union is the official governing body of rugby union for the Otago region of New Zealand. The union is based in the city of Dunedin, and its home ground is Forsyth Barr Stadium. The top representative team competes in the ITM Cup, New Zealand's top provincial competition. The union was to have been liquidated in March 2012. However a deal involving the Dunedin City Council allowed it to keep operating. Otago have won the Ranfurly Shield on eight occasions (1935, 1938, 1947, 1957, 2013, 2018, 2020 and 2025). They were the National provincial championship winners in 1991 and 1998. They have a proud record playing international teams, having defeated South Africa and the British and Irish Lions.
Mark Steiner
Mark Steiner (Hebrew: מארק שטיינר; May 6, 1942 – April 6, 2020) was an American-born Israeli professor of philosophy. He taught philosophy of mathematics and philosophy of physics at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Steiner died after contracting COVID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Philosophy of mathematics
Philosophy of mathematics is the branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of mathematics and its relationship to other areas of philosophy, particularly epistemology and metaphysics. Central questions posed include whether or not mathematical objects are purely abstract entities or are in some way concrete, and in what the relationship such objects have with physical reality consists.

Major themes that are dealt with in philosophy of mathematics include:

Reality: The question is whether mathematics is a pure product of human mind or whether it has some reality by itself.

Logic and rigor

Relationship with physical reality

Relationship with science

Relationship with applications

Mathematical truth

Nature as human activity (science, art, game, or all together)
Kolonia Łęknica
Kolonia Łęknica [kɔˈlɔɲa wɛŋkˈɲit͡sa] is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Barwice, within Szczecinek County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) north-west of Barwice, 24 km (15 mi) west of Szczecinek, and 121 km (75 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Szczecinek County
Szczecinek County (Polish: powiat szczecinecki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in West Pomeranian Voivodeship, north-western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Szczecinek, which lies 143 kilometres (89 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin. The county contains three other towns: Borne Sulinowo, 19 km (12 mi) south-west of Szczecinek, Barwice, 23 km (14 mi) west of Szczecinek, and Biały Bór, 23 km (14 mi) north-east of Szczecinek.

The county covers an area of 1,765.22 square kilometres (681.6 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 77,232, out of which the population of Szczecinek is 38,756, that of Borne Sulinowo is 4,224, that of Barwice is 3,838, that of Biały Bór is 2,127, and the rural population is 28,287.
Challhuahuacho District
Challhuahuacho (Quechua: Challwa Wachu, meaning 'fish ridge') is one of the six districts of the province Cotabambas in Peru. The town has 4,000 inhabitants with another 10,000 in the surrounding area of Challhuahuacho.

Districts of Peru
The districts of Peru (Spanish: distritos) are the third-level country subdivisions of Peru. They are subdivisions of the provinces, which in turn are subdivisions of the larger regions or departments. There are 1,838 districts in total.
Yu Song (judoka)
Yu Song (Simplified Chinese:于 颂, born 6 August 1986) is a Chinese judoka. Competing in the over 78 kg category she won the World Championships in 2015 and 2017 and an Olympics bronze medal at the 2016 Summer Olympics. Yu is married to Zhang Maohong.

World Judo Championships
The World Judo Championships are the highest level of international judo competition, next to the quadrennial judo events at the Summer Olympic Games. The world championships are held by the International Judo Federation annually, except the calendar years of the Summer Olympics. Qualified judoka compete in their respective categories as representatives of their home countries. Team fixtures have also been held since 1994. The men's championships first took place in 1956, though the format and periodicity of the competition have changed over time. The last edition of the World Judo Championships (2025) was held in Budapest, Hungary.
Tomás Torres
Tomás Torres is the name of:

Tomás de Torres (died 16th-century), Portuguese astrologer teacher of King John III of Portugal

Tomás Torres Mercado (1960–2015), Mexican left-wing politician

Tommy Torres (born 1971), Puerto Rican musician

Tomás Torres Mercado
Tomás Torres Mercado (December 15, 1960 – October 22, 2015) was a Mexican politician affiliated with the Ecologist Green Party of Mexico (PVEM) who served as Federal Deputy for the 2012-2015 period.

He was previously elected to serve as senator from 2006 to 2012.
Zinzenzell
Zinzenzell is a village and a former municipality with about 350 inhabitants in Lower Bavaria, Germany. The village and most of the former municipality have been part of the municipality Wiesenfelden since 1978.

Lower Bavaria
Lower Bavaria (German: Niederbayern, pronounced [ˈniːdɐˌbaɪɐn] ⓘ; Bavarian: Niedabayern, Niadabayern, Niedabayan or Niadabayan) is one of the seven administrative regions of Bavaria, Germany, located in the east of the state. It consists of nine districts and 258 municipalities (including three cities).
Bradford Hundred
Bradford Hundred was a judicial and taxation subdivision of the English county of Wiltshire that existed from the about the 8th century to the 19th century.

The hundred contained the parishes of Bradford-on-Avon, Broughton Gifford, Great Chalfield, Holt, Monkton Fairleigh and Wingfield.

The hundred was granted to Shaftesbury Abbey, in Dorset, by King Ethelred and consisted of 99 hides at the time of Domesday in 1086. It was held by the Abbey until the dissolution.

Great Chalfield
Great Chalfield, also sometimes called by its Latin name of Chalfield Magna, formerly East Chalfield and anciently Much Chaldefield, is a small village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Atworth, in west Wiltshire, England. Its nearest towns are Melksham, about 3 miles (4.8 km) away to the northeast, and Bradford-on-Avon, at about the same distance to the southwest.

The village has a notable manor house, Great Chalfield Manor.
La Nouba
La Nouba was a Cirque du Soleil show that ran for 19 years in a custom-built, freestanding theater at Disney Springs' West Side at the Walt Disney World Resort in Lake Buena Vista, Florida. It was a contemporary circus performance featuring acrobats, gymnasts, and other skilled performers. The show's creation was directed by Franco Dragone, who also directed many of Cirque du Soleil's earlier shows. Its title derives from the French phrase faire la nouba, meaning "to party" or "to live it up".

The show was succeeded by Drawn to Life, which premiered on November 18, 2021.

Wheel gymnastics
Wheel gymnastics (German: Rhönradturnen) is a form of gymnastics that originated in Germany. Wheel gymnasts do exercises in a large wheel or hoop known as the Rhönrad, gymnastics wheel, gym wheel, or German wheel, in the beginning also known as ayro wheel, aero wheel, and Rhon rod.
2005 Fed Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group III – Pool A
Group A of the 2005 Fed Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group III was one of four pools in the Europe/Africa Zone Group III of the 2005 Fed Cup. Three teams competed in a round robin competition, with the top team and the bottom two teams proceeding to their respective sections of the play-offs: the top team will play for advancement to Group II.

2005 Fed Cup
The 2005 Fed Cup was the 43rd edition of the most important competition between national teams in women's tennis.

The final took place at Court Philippe Chatrier in Paris, France, on 17–18 September. The home team, France, lost to Russia, 2–3, giving Russia their second title, consecutively and overall, and their second win against France in a final.
Hiratsuka
Hiratsuka (平塚市, Hiratsuka-shi) is a city in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 April 2021, the city had an estimated population of 257,316 and a population density of 3800 persons per km². The total area of the city is 67.88 square kilometres (26.21 sq mi).

Cities of Japan
A city (市, shi) is a local administrative unit in Japan. Cities are ranked on the same level as towns (町, machi) and villages (村, mura), with the difference that they are not a component of districts (郡, gun). Like other contemporary administrative units, they are defined by the Local Autonomy Law of 1947.
SS 433
SS 433 is a microquasar or eclipsing X-ray binary system, consisting of a stellar-mass black hole accreting matter from an A-type companion star.422–4 SS 433 is the first discovered microquasar. It is at the centre of the supernova remnant W50.

SS 433's designation comes from the initials of two astronomers at Case Western Reserve University: Nicholas Sanduleak and Charles Bruce Stephenson. It was the 433rd entry in their 1977 catalog of stars with strong emission lines. Its emission lines were studied by Mordehai Milgrom in 1979.

Star system
A star system or stellar system is a small number of stars that orbit each other, bound by gravitational attraction. It may sometimes be used to refer to a single star. A large group of stars bound by gravitation is generally called a star cluster or galaxy, although, broadly speaking, they are also star systems. Star systems are not to be confused with planetary systems, which include planets and similar bodies (such as comets).
Richard Venes
Richard Stephen Venes (12 March 1885 – 10 June 1959) was an English cricketer.  Venes was a right-handed batsman who bowled leg break googly.  He was born at Battersea, London.

Venes made four first-class appearances for Northamptonshire in the 1922 County Championship against Yorkshire, Derbyshire, Lancashire and in a second match against Yorkshire. In his four first-class matches, he scored 8 runs at an average of 1.33, with a high score of 4 not out. With the ball he took 4 wickets at a bowling average of 21.00, with best figures of 4/60.

He died at Northampton, Northamptonshire on 10 June 1959.

Battersea
Battersea is a large district in southwest London, part of the London Borough of Wandsworth, England. It is centred 3.5 miles (5.6 km) southwest of Charing Cross and also extends along the south bank of the Thames Tideway. It includes the 200-acre (0.81 km2) Battersea Park.
1988 Livingston Open – Doubles
Gary Donnelly and Greg Holmes were the defending champions, but did not participate this year.

Grant Connell and Glenn Michibata won the title, defeating Marc Flur and Sammy Giammalva Jr. 2–6, 6–4, 7–5 in the final.

Sammy Giammalva Jr.
Sammy Giammalva Jr. (born March 24, 1963) is a former professional tennis player from the United States. During his career he won 2 singles titles and 4 doubles titles.  He achieved a career-high singles ranking of World No. 28 in 1985 and a career-high doubles ranking of World No. 22 in 1984.

Giammalva's father Sam played top-level amateur tennis and participated on two Davis Cup winning teams for the U.S.  His older brother Tony was also a touring pro.

Giammalva left the Grand Prix tour in 1989 and enrolled in Rice University.
Nagpur Province
Nagpur Province was a province of British India that covered parts of the present-day states of Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Chhattisgarh. The city of Nagpur was the capital of the province.

In 1861, Nagpur Province was merged into the Central Provinces together with the Saugor and Nerbudda Territories.

Raipur district
Raipur district is a district in the Chhattisgarh state of India. Its administrative headquarters is the city of Raipur. The district is rich in mineral resources and there are many wildlife sanctuaries. With a population of 2 million, it is the most populous district of Chhattisgarh.
Dorothy Brett
Hon. Dorothy Eugénie Brett (10 November 1883 – 27 August 1977) was an Anglo-American painter, remembered as much for her social life as for her art. Born into an aristocratic British family, she lived a sheltered early life. During her student years at the Slade School of Art, she associated with Dora Carrington, Barbara Hiles and the Bloomsbury group. Among the people she met was novelist D. H. Lawrence, and it was at his invitation that she moved to Taos, New Mexico in 1924.  She remained there for the rest of her life, becoming an American citizen in 1938.

Her work can be found in the Smithsonian American Art Museum in Washington D.C., in the Millicent Rogers Museum and the Harwood Museum of Art, both in Taos. Also at the New Mexico Museum of Art, Santa Fe, the Roswell Museum and Art Center, Roswell, New Mexico and in many private collections.

Bloomsbury Group
The Bloomsbury Group was a group of associated British writers, intellectuals, philosophers and artists in the early 20th century. Among the people involved in the group were Virginia Woolf, John Maynard Keynes, E. M. Forster, Vanessa Bell, and Lytton Strachey. Their works and outlook deeply influenced literature, aesthetics, criticism, and economics, as well as modern attitudes towards feminism, pacifism, and sexuality.

Although popularly thought of as a formal group, it was a loose collective of friends and relatives closely associated with the University of Cambridge for the men and King's College London for the women, who at one point lived, worked or studied together near Bloomsbury, London. According to Ian Ousby, "although its members denied being a group in any formal sense, they were united by an abiding belief in the importance of the arts." The historian Raymond Williams disputed the existence of the group and the extent of its impact.
Kenny Havard
Kenneth Edward Havard, known as Kenny Havard (born March 10, 1971), is an American politician and businessman serving as the president of West Feliciana Parish. A Republican, he previously served as a member of the Louisiana House of Representatives from the 62nd district, which encompasses most of East and West Feliciana parishes and the northwest corner of East Baton Rouge Parish, including the city of Zachary.

East Feliciana Parish, Louisiana
East Feliciana Parish (French: Paroisse de Feliciana Est, Spanish: Parroquia de Feliciana Oriental) is a parish located in the U.S. state of Louisiana. At the 2020 census, the population was 19,531. The parish seat is Clinton.

Established when Feliciana Parish was divided in 1824, both East and West Feliciana parishes are part of the Baton Rouge metropolitan statistical area. They are also considered part of the Florida Parishes, at one time part of Spain's West Florida colony.
Chief Red Fox
Chief Red Fox (Lakota: Tokála Luta, also known as Chief William Red Fox; June 11, 1870 – March 1, 1976) was an Oglala Lakota Sioux performer, actor, and Sioux Indian rights advocate, born on the Pine Ridge Reservation in the Dakota Territory. He was a nephew of famed Sioux war leader, Crazy Horse. Chief William Red Fox was considered an authority on the historic Little Bighorn massacre. He often recalled the day in 1876 when 4000 of his people left the Dakota Territory for the valley of the Little Bighorn in Montana on a buffalo hunt.
He says he was left behind with the women children and old men 10 miles from where Gen. George Custer's detachment was massacred.

Dakota Territory
The Territory of Dakota was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from March 2, 1861, until November 2, 1889, when the final extent of the reduced territory was split and admitted to the Union as the states of North and South Dakota.
Ben Johnston (composer)
Benjamin Burwell Johnston Jr. (March 15, 1926 – July 21, 2019) was an American contemporary music composer, known for his use of just intonation. He was called "one of the foremost composers of microtonal music" by Philip Bush and "one of the best non-famous composers this country has to offer" by John Rockwell.

Contemporary classical music
Contemporary classical music is Western art music composed close to the present day. At the beginning of the 21st century, it commonly referred to the post-1945 post-tonal music after the death of Anton Webern, and included serial music, electronic music, experimental music, and minimalist music. Newer forms of music include spectral music and post-minimalism.
For the Birds (film)
For the Birds is a 2000 American animated short film produced by Pixar and written and directed by Ralph Eggleston. It won the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film in 2001. It debuted on June 5, 2000, at the Annecy International Animated Film Festival in France, and was shown alongside the theatrical release of the 2001 Disney/Pixar feature film Monsters, Inc.

It is also available on home video versions of the film. In 2012, the short was re-rendered into 3D, and it was theatrically re-released alongside the 3D re-release of Monsters, Inc. The short was also released in 3D on Monsters, Inc. Blu-ray 3D, on February 19, 2013. The short was paired in theaters in front of Luca on March 22, 2024.

2001 in film
The year 2001 in film involved some significant events, including the first installments of the Harry Potter, Fast & Furious, Spy Kids, Monsters, Inc. and Shrek franchises, and The Lord of the Rings and Ocean's trilogies. Significant non-English language films released included Monsoon Wedding, Amélie and Spirited Away. There was one film, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, that passed over $1 billion in a re-release of 2020.

The inaugural entries of the Harry Potter and Lord of the Rings film franchises prompted a shift in both the film and literary communities by propelling fantasy into mainstream culture, popularising young adult novels, and reforming the blockbuster to promote film franchises and cater to fandom communities.
Goodland Academy
Goodland Academy is a boarding school located in Choctaw County, Oklahoma, 3 miles (4.8 km) southwest of Hugo in southeastern Oklahoma, U.S..  Founded in 1848 as a Presbyterian mission, it is the oldest private boarding school in Oklahoma still in operation.

Cyrus Kingsbury
Cyrus Kingsbury (November 22, 1786 – June 27, 1870) was a Christian missionary active among the American Indians in the nineteenth century. He first worked with the Cherokee and founded Brainerd Mission near Chickamauga, Tennessee, later he served the Choctaw of Mississippi.  He  was known as "the Father of the Missions" in Indian Territory.
Hostim
Hostim is a municipality and village in Znojmo District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 400 inhabitants.

Hostim lies approximately 21 kilometres (13 mi) north-west of Znojmo, 57 km (35 mi) west of Brno, and 160 km (99 mi) south-east of Prague.

South Moravian Region
The South Moravian Region (Czech: Jihomoravský kraj; German: Südmährische Region, pronounced [zyːtˈmɛːʁɪʃə ʁeˈɡi̯oːn]; Slovak: Juhomoravský kraj), or just South Moravia, is an administrative unit (kraj) of the Czech Republic, located in the south-western part of its historical region of Moravia. The region's capital is Brno, the nation's 2nd largest city. South Moravia is bordered by the South Bohemian Region to the west, Vysočina Region to the north-west, Pardubice Region to the north, Olomouc Region to the north-east, Zlín Region to the east, Trenčín and Trnava Regions, Slovakia to the south-east and Lower Austria, Austria to the south.
2009 BMW Tennis Championship
The 2009 BMW Tennis Championship was a professional men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was part of the 2009 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Sunrise, Florida, United States between 16 and 22 March 2009.

Sunrise, Florida
Sunrise is a city in central-western Broward County, Florida, United States, and is a principal city located in the Miami metropolitan area. The population was 97,335 at the 2020 census, and was estimated at 100,128 in 2024.
St. James's Parish Church (Ljubljana)
St. James's Parish Church (Slovene: župnijska cerkev sv. Jakoba, šentjakobska cerkev) is a church in Ljubljana, the capital of Slovenia. It is dedicated to St. James the Greater. Its name is often incorrectly translated as St. Jacob's because Slovene, like many other languages, uses the same word for both James and Jacob.

In the late 1920s, the square in front of the church was renovated by the Slovene architect Jože Plečnik, and in the early 1950s by the architect Boris Kobe. Opposite St. James's Church is Gruber Mansion, which houses the Slovenian National Archives.

Archives of the Republic of Slovenia
The Archives of the Republic of Slovenia (ARS) (Slovene: Arhiv Republike Slovenije) are the national archives of Slovenia. They were created in 1945, but have their origins in 1773. They are supervised by the Slovenian Ministry of Culture. They are located in the Gruber Palace in Ljubljana, the capital of Slovenia. Since March 2012, the archive's executive director has been Jože Dežman, who replaced Dragan Matić.