hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Synonym
A synonym is a word, morpheme, or phrase that has a similar or identical meaning to another word, morpheme, or phrase in a given language. For example, in English, words like begin, start, commence, and initiate are synonyms: they are synonymous. The standard test for synonymy is substitution: one form can be used interchangeably without changing the meaning of the sentence.

Words may be synonymous in only one particular sense: for example, long and extended in the context of long time or extended time are synonymous, but long cannot be used in the phrase extended family.

Synonyms with identical meanings share a seme or denotational sememe, whereas those with inexactly similar meanings share a broader denotational or connotational sememe and overlap within a semantic field. The former are sometimes known as cognitive synonyms, and the latter are referred to as near-synonyms, plesionyms, or poecilonyms.

Seme (semantics)
Seme, the smallest unit of meaning recognized in semantics, refers to a single characteristic of a sememe. These characteristics are defined according to the differences between sememes. The term was introduced by Eric Buyssens in the 1930s and developed by Bernard Pottier in the 1960s. It is the result produced when determining the minimal elements of meaning, which enables one to describe words multilingually. Such elements provide a bridge to componential analysis and the initial work of ontologies.
Richard Kerr (science journalist)
Richard A. Kerr, also known as Dick Kerr, is a science journalist and former staff writer for Science.

Kerr received his BA in chemistry from the College of Wooster in 1968. After working for a year as a research chemist in the Ocean Sciences Division of the Naval Research Laboratory in Washington, DC, he spent three years as an officer on the fleet oiler USS Ponchatoula during the Vietnam War. After leaving the Navy, Kerr earned his PhD in oceanography from the University of Rhode Island, where he also "surreptitiously" took classes in magazine writing and news reporting. In 1977, a week after defending his dissertation, he accepted a job as a geophysics writer for Science; he was soon promoted to senior writer, and began covering Earth and planetary sciences.

Kerr was elected as a Fellow of the Geological Society of America in 1995.

Replenishment oiler
A replenishment oiler or replenishment tanker is a naval auxiliary ship with fuel tanks and dry cargo holds which can supply both fuel and dry stores during underway replenishment (UNREP) at sea. Many countries have used replenishment oilers.

The United States Navy's hull classification symbol for this type of ship was 'AOR' (Auxiliary Oil Replenishment). Replenishment oilers are slower and carry fewer dry stores than the US Navy's modern fast combat support ships, which carry the classification 'AOE'. In 2020 the US Navy began to develop a new type of ship, the 'AOL' or light replenishment oiler; construction of the first is planned for 2026.
Mediterranean Ridge
The Mediterranean Ridge is a wide ridge in the bed of the Mediterranean Sea, running along a rough quarter circle from Calabria, south of Crete, to the southwest corner of Turkey.

It is an accretionary wedge caused by the African Plate subducting under the Eurasian and Anatolian plates.  As the African Plate moves slowly north-northeastward, the sedimentary rocks covering the Mediterranean seafloor are being affected by active shortening, involving both thrust faulting and folding, lifting them up and forming the ridge.

Along the ridge, five deep basins full of anoxic brine have been found (including the L'Atalante basin), where Messinian evaporite deposits of brine caught up in this ongoing orogeny have dissolved.

Eurasian plate
The Eurasian plate is a tectonic plate that includes most of Eurasia (a landmass consisting of the traditional continents of Asia and Europe), with the notable exceptions of the Arabian Peninsula, the Indian subcontinent, and the area east of the Chersky Range in eastern Siberia. It also includes oceanic crust extending westward to the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and northward to the Gakkel Ridge.
Fourth government of Alberto Núñez Feijóo
The fourth government of Alberto Núñez Feijóo was formed on 7 September 2020, following the latter's reelection as President of Galicia by the Parliament of Galicia on 3 September and his swearing-in on 5 September, as a result of the People's Party (PP) emerging as the largest parliamentary force at the 2020 Galician regional election. It succeeded the third Feijóo government and was the Government of Galicia from 7 September 2020 to 16 May 2022, a total of 616 days, or 1 year, 8 months and 9 days.

The cabinet comprised members of the PP and a number of independents.

Parliament of Galicia
The Parliament of Galicia (Galician: Parlamento de Galicia) is the unicameral legislature of the autonomous community of Galicia, Spain. It is formed by 75 deputies (deputados). Deputies are elected every four years in ordinary period, or extraordinarily upon dissolution and call of elections by the President of the Xunta of Galicia, by universal suffrage in proportional lists with the four Galician provinces serving as constituencies.
C5a peptidase
C5a peptidase (EC 3.4.21.110, streptococcal C5a peptidase, ScpA, ScpB, SCPA) is an enzyme. The primary cleavage site is at His67-Lys68 in human C5a with a minor secondary cleavage site at Ala58-Ser59.

This enzyme is a surface-associated subtilisin-like serine peptidase with very specific substrate preference.

Protease
A protease (also called a peptidase, proteinase, or proteolytic enzyme) is an enzyme that catalyzes proteolysis, breaking down proteins into smaller polypeptides or single amino acids, and spurring the formation of new protein products. They do this by cleaving the peptide bonds within proteins by hydrolysis, a reaction where water breaks bonds. Proteases are involved in numerous biological pathways, including digestion of ingested proteins, protein catabolism (breakdown of old proteins), and cell signaling.

In the absence of functional accelerants, proteolysis would be very slow, taking hundreds of years. Proteases can be found in all forms of life and viruses. They have independently evolved multiple times, and different classes of protease can perform the same reaction by completely different catalytic mechanisms.
Bare-eyed myna
The bare-eyed myna (Streptocitta albertinae) is a large, long-tailed species of starling in the family Sturnidae. Its common name is a reference to the large patch of dark bare skin around the eyes. Due to its superficial resemblance to a magpie, it has been referred to as the Sula magpie in the past. It is endemic to tropical open lowland forests on the Indonesian islands of Taliabu and Mangole in the Sula Islands. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Taliabu Island Regency
Taliabu Island Regency (Indonesian: Kabupaten Pulau Taliabu) is a regency in the North Maluku province of Indonesia, consisting primarily of the island of Taliabu, the most western, geographically, of the Sula Archipelago. It is located to the west of Mangole Island and Sanana Island, the two islands which remain part of the former Sula Islands Regency; until 14 December 2012, when it was administratively-separated into its own regency, Taliabu had been a part of the Sula Islands Regency. Presently, Taliabu Island Regency (including minor offshore islands, predominantly to the west and southwest of Taliabu proper) covers roughly 2,775.30 km2 (582 mi2). Taliabu had a population of 47,309 at the 2010 Census and 58,047 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 66,361 (comprising 33,930 males and 32,431 females).
1999 FIFA Confederations Cup Group B
Group B of the 1999 FIFA Confederations Cup took place from 24 to 30 July 1999 in Guadalajara's Estadio Jalisco. The group consisted of defending champion Brazil, Germany, New Zealand, and the United States.

Estadio Jalisco
Jalisco Stadium is a football stadium located in Guadalajara, Mexico. It is the third-largest Mexican football stadium behind Estadio Azteca and Estadio Olímpico Universitario with a capacity of 56,713 spectators.
1993 NCAA Division II men's ice hockey tournament
The 1993 NCAA Men's Division II Ice Hockey Tournament involved 2 schools playing in a best of three game series to determine the national champion of men's NCAA Division II college ice hockey.  A total of 2 games were played, hosted by Bemidji State.

Bemidji State, coached by Bob Peters, won the national title over Mercyhurst, two games to none.

Jamie Erb, of Bemidji State, was the high scorer of the tournament with seven points (4 goals, 3 assists).

Bemidji State Beavers men's ice hockey
The Bemidji State Beavers men's ice hockey team is a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I college ice hockey program that represents Bemidji State University. The Beavers are a member of the Central Collegiate Hockey Association and play at Sanford Center in Bemidji, Minnesota, as of the 2010 season, after previously playing at the John S. Glas Field House.
Honky Tonk Angel (Patty Loveless album)
Honky Tonk Angel is the third studio album by American country music artist Patty Loveless. With five tracks from the album charting in the Billboard Top Ten Country Singles, including two at No. 1, it served as a breakthrough album for Loveless. The album itself was Loveless' highest charting at No. 7 on the Country Albums category. The two No. 1 singles were "Chains" and "Timber, I'm Falling in Love". Loveless also did a cover of the Lone Justice song, "Don't Toss Us Away", which featured Rodney Crowell on backing vocals. The song charted at No. 5. Famed songwriter Kostas had a major role by writing three of the album's tunes, including "Timber, I'm Falling in Love" and "The Lonely Side of Love", which peaked at No. 6.

Kostas (songwriter)
Kostas Lazarides (Greek: Κώστας Λαζαρίδης; born April 14, 1949) is a Greek-born American country music songwriter, known professionally as Kostas. He has written for several country music artists, including Dwight Yoakam, Patty Loveless, George Strait, and Travis Tritt, and has won eleven awards from Broadcast Music Incorporated (BMI). In addition, he has recorded a self-titled album Kostas on First American Records (1980) and an album entitled X S in Moderation on Liberty Records (1994). He was inducted into the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2019.
Stockpoint
Stockpoint was a provider of online financial information (quotes, charts, portfolio tracking, etc.) through its websites InvestorsEdge.com and Stockpoint.com.  The company also supplied SaaS (software as a service) capabilities which powered market data features for over 200 other websites such as Barclays Global Investors and Piper Jaffray, the San Francisco Chronicle and Wired News.

Stockpoint was subsequently acquired by Dow Jones and formed part of Dow Jones Client Solutions, a division of News Corporation, and Interactive Data Corporation.

Piper Sandler Companies
Piper Sandler Companies is an American multinational investment bank and financial services company, focused on mergers and acquisitions, financial restructuring, public offerings, public finance, institutional brokerage, investment management, and securities research. Through its principal subsidiary, Piper Sandler & Co., the company targets corporations, institutional investors, and public entities.

Founded in 1895 and headquartered in Minneapolis, Minnesota, Piper Sandler has more than 60 offices spanning across five countries.
Brockport Golden Eagles
The Brockport Golden Eagles (also known as the SUNY Brockport Golden Eagles or the Brockport State Golden Eagles) are composed of 23 teams representing the SUNY Brockport in intercollegiate athletics, including men and women's basketball, cross country, lacrosse, soccer, swimming & diving, and track and field. Men's sports include baseball, football, ice hockey, and wrestling. Women's sports include field hockey, gymnastics, volleyball, tennis, and softball. The Golden Eagles compete in NCAA Division III (except for gymnastics, which competes in NCAA Division I) and are members of the Empire 8 Conference. Before Fall 2024, they, except football, which has been competing in the Empire 8 since Fall 2014, were members of the State University of New York Athletic Conference.

Empire 8
The Empire 8 (E8) is an intercollegiate athletic conference affiliated with the NCAA's Division III. The E8 sponsors intercollegiate athletic competition in men's baseball, men's and women's basketball, men's and women's cross country, women's field hockey, men's football, men's golf, men's and women's lacrosse, men's and women's soccer, women's softball, men's and women's swimming and diving, men's and women's tennis, men's and women's track and field, and women's volleyball. The E8 shares offices with the United Volleyball Conference, a separate Division III league that competes solely in men's volleyball.
Charles Antrobus
Sir Charles James Antrobus GCMG OBE (14 May 1933 – 3 June 2002) was the Governor-General of St. Vincent and the Grenadines from 1 June 1996 until his death. Antrobus was a master of the St. George’s Masonic Lodge, and spent most of his working life in Cable & Wireless plc.

He died in Toronto and was temporarily replaced by Monica Dacon.

Governor-general
Governor-general (plural governors-general), or governor general (plural governors general), is the title of an official, most prominently associated with the British Empire and the Commonwealth. In the context of the governors-general and former British colonies, governors-general continue to be appointed as viceroy to represent the monarch of a personal union in any sovereign state over which the monarch does not normally reign in person (non-UK Commonwealth realm). In the British Empire, governors-general were appointed on the advice of the government of the United Kingdom and were often British aristocracy, but in the mid-twentieth century they began to be appointed on the advice of the independent government of each realm and were citizens of each independent state.

Governors-general have also previously been appointed in respect of major colonial states or other territories held by either a monarchy or republic, such as Japan, Korea, Taiwan and France in Indochina.
Alan Baker (politician)
Alan Baker (born July 15, 1956) is a Republican member of the Alabama House of Representatives, representing the 66th district, Baldwin and Escambia counties.

Baker has represented the 66th district since 2006.

Baldwin County, Alabama
Baldwin County is a  county located in the southwestern part of the U.S. state of Alabama, on the Gulf coast. It is one of only two counties in Alabama that border the Gulf of Mexico, along with Mobile County. As of the 2020 census, the population was 231,767, making it the fourth-most populous county in Alabama. The county seat is Bay Minette. The county is named after the founder of the University of Georgia, Senator Abraham Baldwin.

Baldwin was Alabama's fastest-growing county from 2010 to 2020, with 4 of the top 10 fastest-growing cities in the state in recent years.

The U.S. federal government designates Baldwin County as the Daphne-Fairhope-Foley metropolitan area.

It is the largest county in Alabama by area and is located on the eastern side of Mobile Bay. Part of its western border with Mobile County is formed by the Spanish River, a brackish distributary river.
Nintendo Software Technology
Nintendo Software Technology Corporation, doing business as Nintendo Software Technology (NST), is an American video game developer. NST was created by Nintendo as a first-party developer to create games for the North American market, though their games have also been released worldwide. The company was founded by Minoru Arakawa, Claude Comair and Scott Tsumura in 1998 and is located inside of Nintendo of America's headquarters in Redmond, Washington.

NST has developed many games for Nintendo consoles, including the Mario vs. Donkey Kong series, Wave Race: Blue Storm, and Metroid Prime Hunters.

Wave Race: Blue Storm
Wave Race: Blue Storm is a jetski racing video game developed and published by Nintendo for the GameCube in late 2001. It is the sequel to the 1996 Nintendo 64 game Wave Race 64, and the third in the series that started with the 1992 Game Boy game Wave Race.
Gonocarpus teucrioides
Gonocarpus teucrioides, or forest raspwort is a common flowering herb or subshrub in the Haloragaceae, or watermilfoil family. It is native to Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania and is widespread and abundant in the understorey of wet forests. The name raspwort refers to the rough, scabrous surface of many of the Gonocarpus species.

The specific epithet, teucrioides, derives from Teucrium and the Greek suffix -oides which indicates resemblance, thereby giving an adjective meaning that the species resembles the plants in the genus, Teucrium.

Haloragaceae
Haloragaceae (the watermilfoil family) is a eudicot flowering plant family in the order Saxifragales, based on the phylogenetic APG system. In the Cronquist system, it was included in the order Haloragales.
52nd Infantry Regiment (United States)
The 52nd Infantry Regiment ("Ready Rifles") is an infantry regiment of the United States Army.

The charges on the canton of the regiment's coat of arms represent the 11th Infantry from which this regiment was formed in 1917. Its first combat service was in World War I in the Gerardmer Sector in Alsace, a short distance west of Colmar. The bend from the arms of Alsace has been charged with the 6th Division shoulder sleeve insignia to show that the regiment was with that division in France.

The coat of arms was originally approved for the 52d Infantry Regiment on 29 June 1921. It was redesignated for the 52d Armored Infantry Regiment on 29 September 1942. The insignia was redesignated for the 52d Armored Infantry Battalion on 6 January 1944. It was redesignated for the 52d Infantry Regiment on 31 October 1958.

Camp Grant (Illinois)
Camp Grant was a U.S. Army facility located in the southern outskirts of Rockford, Illinois named in honor of American Civil War general Ulysses S. Grant.  Camp Grant covered an area of 5,600 acres during World War I and 3,200 acres during World War II, and was in operation from 1917 to 1946.
AH44
Asian Highway 44 or AH44 is a route of the Sri Lankan highway network, running 107 kilometres (66 mi) from Dambulla in Central Province to Trincomalee in Eastern Province. This route is composed of A6 Highway.

Central Province, Sri Lanka
The Central Province (Sinhala: මධ්‍යම පළාත Madhyama Paḷāta, Tamil: மத்திய மாகாணம் Maddiya Mākāṇam) is one of the nine provinces of Sri Lanka. The province has an area of 567,400 ha (1,402,000 acres) and a population of 2,421,148, making it the second most populated province. The city of Kandy has been its capital since 1469.

The Central Province is located primarily in the central mountainous terrain of Sri Lanka. It is bordered by the North Central Province to the north, the Uva Province to the east, the North Western Province to the west and the Sabaragamuwa Province to the south and west.

The province is famous for its production of Ceylon tea, the cultivation of which was initiated by the British in the 1860s after a devastating disease killed all coffee plantations in the province. The province attracts many tourists, with hill station towns such as Gampola, Hatton and Nuwara Eliya. The province is home to four UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
Herb Bermann
Herb Bermann is an American lyricist, screenwriter, and actor. He is best known for co-writing the 1967 debut album Safe as Milk for Captain Beefheart and His Magic Band. The second album Strictly Personal featured four of Bermann's songs, though he was uncredited: "Safe As Milk", "Trust Us," "Gimme Dat Harp Boy," and "Kandy Korn"

A screenplay he co-wrote with Dean Stockwell became the inspiration for Neil Young's 1970 album After the Gold Rush.

A book featuring his known and previously unpublished lyrics, The Mystery Man from the Magic Band, was published in 2015 by Brass Tacks Press.

Bob Krasnow
Robert Alan Krasnow (July 20, 1934 – December 11, 2016) was an American record label executive and entrepreneur who had a long and successful career in the music industry. He founded Blue Thumb Records, later became chairman of Elektra Records, and was a co-founder of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
José Manuel Pando Province
José Manuel Pando is a province in the La Paz Department in Bolivia. It was founded on April 22, 1986, during the presidency of Víctor Paz Estenssoro. The province was named after José Manuel Pando (1848–1917) who was the president of Bolivia from 1899 till 1904. Its capital is Santiago de Machaca.

The province is situated in the western part of the Bolivian Altiplano, south of Lake Titicaca. To the west it is bordered by Peru, to the southeast by the Pacajes Province and to the northeast by the Ingavi Province.

Provinces of Bolivia
A province is the second largest administrative division in Bolivia, after a department. Each department is divided into provinces. There are 112 provinces.

The country's provinces are further divided into 337 municipalities which are administered by an alcalde and municipal council.
Paraphilic disorder
A paraphilic disorder is a mental disorder in which a paraphilia (sometimes called a sexual fetish or kink) involves people who do not consent, or causes marked distress which is not just due to rejection or fear of rejection, or significantly risks injury or death.

In the International Classification of Diseases paraphilic disorders include: exhibitionistic disorder, voyeuristic disorder, pedophilic disorder, coercive sexual sadism disorder, frotteuristic disorder, and other paraphilic disorders. The United States Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM-5-TR has a slightly different list, specifically including sexual masochism disorder and transvestic disorder.

Paraphilic disorders occur in adults and occasionally adolescents, but as the behaviour must be persistent many sex crimes are not due to such disorders.

Sex and the law
Sex and the law deals with the regulation by law of human sexual activity. Sex laws vary from one place or jurisdiction to another, and have varied over time. Unlawful sexual acts are called sex crimes.

Some laws regarding sexual activity are intended to protect one or all participants, while others are intended to proscribe behavior that has been defined as a crime. For example, a law may proscribe unprotected sex if one person knows that they have a sexually transmitted infection or to protect a minor; or it may proscribe non-consensual sex. In general, laws may proscribe acts which are considered either sexual abuse or behavior that societies consider to be inappropriate and against the social norms. Sexual abuse is unwanted sexual contact between two or more adults or two or more minors, and, depending on laws with regard to age of consent, sexual contact between an adult and a minor.
Iron Widow
Iron Widow is a 2021 young adult science fantasy novel by Canadian writer Xiran Jay Zhao. The novel is a mecha reimagining of the rise of China’s first and only female Emperor Wu Zetian set in the nation of Huaxia, a futuristic reinterpretation of Medieval China.

Iron Widow is a New York Times Best Seller; where the book remained on the list for 39 weeks. It won the 2021 BSFA Award for "Best Book for Younger Readers" and has been nominated for two 2022 Locus Awards and the 2022 Lodestar Award for Best Young Adult Book.

BSFA Award
The BSFA Awards are literary awards presented annually since 1970 by the British Science Fiction Association (BSFA) to honour works in the genre of science fiction. Nominees and winners are chosen based on a vote of BSFA members. More recently, members of the Eastercon convention have also been eligible to vote.