hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bismarck Expressway
The Bismarck Expressway is a state highway in Mandan and Bismarck, North Dakota, in the United States. It carries two unsigned highways: Interstate 194 (I-194) from its west end at exit 156 of I-94 to I-94 Business (I-94 Bus.) in Mandan, and North Dakota Highway 810 (ND 810) from I-94 Bus. in Mandan, around the south side of Bismarck back to I-94 Bus. in Bismarck. I-94 Bus. takes the designation from the end of ND 810 to the designation's eastern terminus at I-94 and US Highway 83 (US 83). The portion in Mandan, even where it is ND 810, is a freeway; once it crosses the Missouri River into Bismarck, it becomes a four-lane surface road.

Unsigned highway
An unsigned highway is a highway that has been assigned a route number, but does not bear road markings that would conventionally be used to identify the route with that number. Highways are left unsigned for a variety of reasons, and examples are found throughout the world. Depending on the policy of the agency that maintains the highway, and the reason for not signing the route, the route may instead be signed a different designation from its actual number, with small inventory markers for internal use, or with nothing at all.
Tasuta N-Imal
Tasuta N-Imal (Berber languages: ⵜⵏⵉ) is a desert blues band from Ouarzazate, Ouarzazate, Drâa-Tafilalet, Morocco that is composed of six musicians, Redouan Ourabeh (percussionist), Abdelali Elyaloubi (Derbouka drummer), Hasan (lead singer), Abdessamad Amzil (lead guitarist), Abdelakrim Aynaz (rhythm guitarist), and Smail Khalis (bassist). The band's name means "future generation" in the Amazigh language. They draw inspiration for their compositions from the varied musical legacy of Southeast Anti-Atlas highlanders. They released their first EP, Tamlalte, in 2018, named after the Anti-Atlas region in Morocco. They have also released a single, "Sigham Olinw".

Goblet drum
The goblet drum (also chalice drum, tarabuka, tarabaki, darbuka, darabuka, derbake, debuka,  doumbek, dumbec, dumbeg, dumbelek, toumperleki, tumbak, tabla, or zerbaghali; Arabic: دربوكة / Romanized: darbuka) is a single-head membranophone with a goblet-shaped body. It is most commonly used in the traditional music of North Africa and the Middle East. The instrument is also featured in traditional music from South Asia, and Eastern Europe. The West African djembe and bougarabou are also goblet membranophones. This article focuses on the Middle Eastern and North African goblet drum.
Anna C. Gilbert
Anna Catherine Gilbert (born 1972) is an American mathematician who works as the John C. Malone Professor of Statistics & Data Science, Applied Mathematics, and Electrical Engineering at Yale University. She was previously a professor at the University of Michigan. Her research expertise is in randomized algorithms for harmonic analysis, image processing, signal processing, and large data sets.

Signal processing
Signal processing is an electrical engineering subfield that focuses on analyzing, modifying and synthesizing signals, such as sound, images, potential fields, seismic signals, altimetry processing, and scientific measurements. Signal processing techniques are used to optimize transmissions, digital storage efficiency, correcting distorted signals, improve subjective video quality, and to detect or pinpoint components of interest in a measured signal.
Banska Selnica
Banska Selnica is a small village in Karlovac County, Croatia. Banska selnica is 18.7km (cca. 11.62 miles) away from Karlovac. It is located south of the Kupa river and the D36 road.

According to the Croatian Bureau of Statistics, in 2001, its population was 122.
As of the 2021 census, Banska Selnica had a population of 63 residents. The village covers an area of 3.17 square kilometers.

D36 road (Croatia)
D36 is a state road in central Croatia connecting Kupa River area and the city of Sisak to Croatian motorway network at the A3 motorway Popovača interchange and to the D1 state road in Karlovac in immediate vicinity of the A1 motorway Karlovac interchange. The road is 107.8 km (67.0 mi) long.

Like all state roads in Croatia, the D36 is managed and maintained by Hrvatske ceste, state owned company.
Furdjel Narsingh
Furdjel Robby Narsingh (born 13 March 1988) is a Dutch professional footballer who plays as a winger. He formerly played for AZ, Volendam, Telstar, PEC Zwolle, SC Cambuur, De Graafschap and Ararat-Armenia.

Armenian Supercup
The Armenian Supercup is a match that is played between the Armenian Premier League Champion and Armenian Cup Winner. It is named after Hakob Tonoyan and typically takes place in May every year with some exceptions.
Ossetian Muslims
Ossetian Muslims (Ossetian: Ирон пысылмӕттӕ, romanized: Iron pysylmættæ) are ethnic Ossetians who practice Islam and are native to the region of Ossetia in the North Caucasus. While the majority of Ossetians are Christian (predominantly Eastern Orthodox) and professing their ancestral faith Uatsdin, according to official estimates, 30 percent of the population of North Ossetia–Alania is Muslim (predominantly Sunni).

The majority of Ossetian Muslims today reside in Turkey, as well as the Western areas of North Ossetia, such as the Irafsky, Kirovsky, and Pravoberezhny Districts and in Vladikavkaz, with minorities in the Alagirsky, Ardonsky, Mozdoksky, as well as in Syria, Kabardino-Balkaria, and Stavropol Krai. The Ossetian Muslim community is made up of people from both the Digor, and Iron subgroups of Ossetians.

Irafsky District
Irafsky District (Russian: Ирафский район; Ossetian: Ирæфи район, romanized: Iræfi rajon) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the eight in the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania, Russia. It is located in the west of the republic. The area of the district is 1,376 square kilometers (531 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Chikola. Population: 15,766 (2010 census); 15,708 (2002 Census); 15,732 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Chikola accounts for 44.5% of the district's total population.
Gomon
Gomon is a village in southern Ivory Coast. It is a sub-prefecture of Sikensi Department in Agnéby-Tiassa Region, Lagunes District.

Gomon was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1,126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

In 2021, the population of the sub-prefecture of Gomon was 34,865.

Agnéby-Tiassa
Agnéby-Tiassa Region is one of the 31 regions of Ivory Coast. Since its establishment in 2011, it has been one of three regions in Lagunes District. The seat of the region is Agboville and the region's population in the 2021 census was 865,951.

Agnéby-Tiassa is currently divided into four departments: Agboville, Sikensi, Taabo, and Tiassalé.
Souk Tolba
Souk Tolba is a small town and rural commune in Larache Province of the Tanger-Tetouan-Al Hoceima region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 13,142 people living in 2137 households.

2004 Moroccan census
The 2004 Moroccan census, formally the General Population and Housing Census for the year 2004, was held in Morocco in 2004, conducted by the High Planning Commission. The previous census was taken in 1994.
Harold Collins (Canadian politician)
Harold Anthony Collins (May 21, 1925 – November 10, 2015) was a Canadian politician. He represented the electoral district of Gander in the Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly from 1967 to 1979. He was a member of the Progressive Conservative Party of Newfoundland and Labrador. Collins was born at Indian Islands, Newfoundland. He married Joan Peckford in 1949 and has ten children. Collins died in 2015 at the age of 90.

Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly
The Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly (French: Chambre d'assemblée de Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador) is the unicameral deliberative assembly of the General Assembly of Newfoundland and Labrador of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. It meets in the Confederation Building in St. John's. Bills passed by the assembly are given royal assent by the lieutenant governor of Newfoundland and Labrador, in the name of the Sovereign.

The governing party sits on the left side of the speaker of the House of Assembly as opposed to the traditional right side of the speaker. This tradition dates back to the 1850s as the heaters in the Colonial Building were located on the left side. Thus, the government chose to sit near the heat, and leave the opposition sitting in the cold.
Novella Carpenter
Novella Carpenter is the author of the 2009 memoir Farm City: The Education of an Urban Farmer.  The book describes her extensive garden in Ghost Town, a run-down neighborhood about a mile from downtown Oakland, California. Farm City was listed by some reviewers as one of the top books of 2009, and it was the 2014 selection of the Marin County Free Library, City Public Libraries of Marin County and Dominican University of California "One Book One Marin" reading program.

Dominican University of California
Dominican University of California is a private university in San Rafael, California, United States. It was founded in 1890 as Dominican College by the Dominican Sisters of San Rafael. It is one of the oldest universities in California.

Dominican is accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges (WASC). More than 60 academic majors, minors and concentrations, including 11 graduate programs are offered with an average class size of 16. During the 2023-24 school year, Dominican had 1182 undergraduate students and 844 graduate students. Enrollment by gender is 72% female and 28% male.

The university is a member of NCAA Division II and competes in the Pacific West Conference.
Yamaha AG100
The Yamaha AG100 is a Yamaha motorcycle introduced in 1973 for use in agriculture, humanitarian aid and other rural professional use. It is only marketed in select regions, and is popular in Africa, Latin America, Australia, and New Zealand. Initial advertisements described it as, "built tough for tough Australian farm use". The bike has a single cylinder two-stroke engine, with five gears, and weighs 99 kg (218 lb) dry.

The motorbike has many features designed for hard rural use, including a full-enclosed O-ring chain drive, autolube, kick start, both left and right kickstands for parking on sloped ground, and generally being a simple bike to maintain and repair. New Zealand's Farm Trader describes it as, "the best all-round performer in the low-budget farm bike sector". The New Zealand Herald describes the bike as "King of the two strokes".

Roller chain
Roller chain  or bush roller chain is the type of chain drive most commonly used for transmission of mechanical power on many kinds of domestic, industrial and agricultural machinery, including conveyors, wire- and tube-drawing machines, printing presses, cars, motorcycles, and bicycles. It consists of a series of short cylindrical rollers held together by side links. It is driven by a toothed wheel called a sprocket.   It is a simple, reliable, and efficient means of power transmission.

Sketches by Leonardo da Vinci in the 16th century show a chain with a roller bearing. In 1800, James Fussell patented a roller chain on development of his balance lock and in 1880 Hans Renold patented a bush roller chain.
2023 Mid Bedfordshire by-election
A by-election for the United Kingdom parliamentary constituency of  Mid Bedfordshire was held on 19 October 2023, triggered by the resignation of incumbent Conservative MP Nadine Dorries. Alistair Strathern of the Labour Party won the by-election, marking the first Labour victory in the seat since its creation in 1918.

On 9 June 2023, Dorries announced that she was standing down from the seat "with immediate effect". She then delayed her formal process of resignation until 29 August.

The by-election was held on the same day as the 2023 Tamworth by-election, which also resulted in a Labour gain from the Conservatives.

Flitwick
Flitwick (/ˈflɪtɪk/ ⓘ) is a town and civil parish in Central Bedfordshire, England.
It is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 as "a hamlet on the River Flitt". The spelling Flytwyk appears in 1381.

The nearby River Flit runs through Flitwick Moor, a nature reserve and a Site of Special Scientific Interest.
Quercus rex
Quercus rex is an Asian species of tree in the family Fagaceae. It has been found in the seasonal tropical forests of northern Indochina (Laos, Myanmar, Vietnam), northeastern India, and also in the province of Yunnan in southwestern China. It is placed in subgenus Cerris, section Cyclobalanopsis.

Quercus rex is a large tree up to 30 m. tall. Twigs are pale brown with a woolly coating of hairs. Leaves can be as much as 270 mm long.  The acorn is oblate, 25-35 × 35–50 mm, pale greyish-orange and tomentose when young; the apex is rounded to impressed; the scar is 20–25 mm in diameter and depressed. In China, flowering is in April–May, acorns are found from October–November.

Seasonal tropical forest
Seasonal tropical forest, also known as moist deciduous, semi-evergreen seasonal, tropical mixed or monsoon forest, typically contains a range of tree species: only some of which drop some or all of their leaves during the dry season. This tropical forest is classified under the Walter system as (i) tropical climate with high overall rainfall (typically in the 1000–2500 mm range; 39–98 inches) and (ii) having a very distinct wet season with (an often cooler "winter") dry season.  These forests represent a range of habitats influenced by monsoon (Am) or tropical wet savanna (Aw/As) climates (as in the Köppen climate classification).  Drier forests in the Aw/As climate zone are typically deciduous and placed in the Tropical dry forest biome: with further transitional zones (ecotones) of savannah woodland then tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands.
Rhinacanthus scoparius
Rhinacanthus scoparius is a species of plant in the family Acanthaceae. It is a subshrub native to northeastern Somalia and to Yemen's Socotra island. On Socotra it is widespread on the coastal plains and limestone plateaus, growing in several shrubland types including Croton socotranus shrubland, succulent shrubland, and dwarf shrubland from 20 to 600 metres elevation.

Acanthaceae
Acanthaceae (/ækænˈθeɪsiːˌaɪ, -siˌi/) is a family (the acanthus family) of dicotyledonous flowering plants containing almost 250 genera and about 2500 species. Most are tropical herbs, shrubs, or twining vines; some are epiphytes. Only a few species are distributed in temperate regions. The four main centres of distribution are Indonesia and Malaysia, Africa, Brazil, and Central America. Representatives of the family can be found in nearly every habitat, including dense or open forests, scrublands, wet fields and valleys, sea coast and marine areas, swamps, and mangrove forests.
Chōhō-ji (Kainan)
Keitokuzan Chōhō-ji (慶徳山長保寺) is a Buddhist temple in the city of Kainan, Wakayama Prefecture, Japan.  It belongs to the Tendai school of Japanese Buddhism. Its main image is a statue of Shaka Nyorai. Its Hondō, Tahō-tō Pagoda and are Daimon National Treasures, and its daimyō cemetery is a National Historic Site.

Buddhism in Japan
Buddhism was first established in Japan in the 6th century CE. Most of the Japanese Buddhists belong to new schools of Buddhism which were established in the Kamakura period (1185－1333). During the Edo period (1603–1868), Buddhism was controlled by the feudal Shogunate. The Meiji period (1868–1912) saw a strong response against Buddhism, with persecution and a forced separation between Buddhism and Shinto (Shinbutsu bunri).

The largest sects of Japanese Buddhism are Pure Land Buddhism with 22 million believers, followed by Nichiren Buddhism with 10 million believers, Shingon Buddhism with 5.4 million, Zen Buddhism with 5.3 million, Tendai Buddhism with 2.8 million, and only about 700,000 for the six old schools established in the Nara period (710－794).
Desegregation of the Baltimore City Public Schools
Desegregation of the Baltimore City Public Schools took place in 1956 after the United States Supreme Court ruled, in the case of Brown v. Board of Education, that segregation in schools went against constitutional law. Desegregation of U.S. schools was part of the civil rights movement. The events that followed desegregation in Baltimore, were important to the civil rights movement across America. Recent scholarship has identified Baltimore's desegregation as an important precursor to the Greensboro sit-ins.

Greensboro sit-ins
The Greensboro sit-ins were a series of nonviolent protests in February to July 1960, primarily in the Woolworth store—now the International Civil Rights Center and Museum—in Greensboro, North Carolina, which led to the F. W. Woolworth Company department store chain removing its policy of racial segregation in the Southern United States. While not the first sit-in of the civil rights movement, the Greensboro sit-ins were an instrumental action, and also the best-known sit-ins of the civil rights movement. They are considered a catalyst to the subsequent sit-in movement, in which 70,000 people participated. This sit-in was a contributing factor in the formation of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC).
Midco
Midco (known as Midcontinent Communications until 2016) is a regional cable provider, providing a triple play service of cable television, Internet and telephone service for both North Dakota and South Dakota, along with much of Minnesota, and several communities in Kansas and Wisconsin. The company's business-class service also provides direct fiber-optic communications services via leased data circuits for larger companies.

Headquartered in Sioux Falls, South Dakota and operated as a joint venture between Midcontinent Media and Comcast, Midco provides service to 200 communities both urban and rural, serving an area that covers over 1.2 million people.

Sioux Falls, South Dakota
Sioux Falls (/suː ˈfɔːlz/ soo FAWLZ) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is the county seat of Minnehaha County and also extends into northern Lincoln County. The population was 192,517 at the 2020 census (estimated at 209,289 in 2024). The Sioux Falls metropolitan area, with an estimated 308,000 residents, accounts for more than one-third of South Dakota's population. Chartered in 1856 on the banks of the Big Sioux River, the city is situated in rolling hills at the junction of Interstates 29 and 90.
Yorcard
Yorcard was an electronic smart card ticketing programme in Yorkshire. It grew from the pilot of the same name completed in 2009. Yorcard Limited was a not-for-profit company limited by guarantee. Its two guarantors were the South Yorkshire Passenger Transport Executive and West Yorkshire Metro. The company's mission was to create a multi-operator smart ticketing system in the whole of the region of Yorkshire and the Humber, ensuring that provision is made to support (especially) smaller operators, multi-operator travel card organisations and regional local authorities. One of the strands of Yorcard's integrated ticketing strategy is to provide a very low-cost pre-paid smart card solution (similar in concept to Oyster's "Pay as You Go" product) for use by all the transport operators in the region.

A trial of LASSEO based encoding was trialled in 2010 to see how the card could be used to allow citizens access to leisure and library services.

South Yorkshire Passenger Transport Executive
South Yorkshire Passenger Transport Executive (SYPTE) was the passenger transport executive for South Yorkshire. It was responsible for implementing policies set by the South Yorkshire Passenger Transport Authority (SYPTA) and for operation of the Authority's bus fleet from its formation in 1974 until its dissolution in 2023, when its assets and duties were transferred to the South Yorkshire Mayoral Combined Authority.
Lee Copeland
Lee G. Copeland (born March 26, 1937) is an American architect and urban designer.  He served as Dean of the University of Washington College of Architecture and Urban Planning (now College of Built Environments) from 1972 to 1979 and thereafter as Dean of the University of Pennsylvania Graduate School of Fine Arts (now PennDesign) from 1979 to 1991.  He is currently a consulting principal at Mithun.

Copeland was elected a Fellow in the American Institute of Architects in 1979.  He won the AIA Seattle Chapter Medal in 2000, and in 2001 he received the  AIA/ACSA Topaz Medallion for Excellence in Architectural Education.

University of Pennsylvania Stuart Weitzman School of Design
The University of Pennsylvania Stuart Weitzman School of Design is the design school of the University of Pennsylvania, a private Ivy League research university in Philadelphia. It offers degrees in architecture, landscape architecture, city and regional planning, historic preservation, and fine arts, as well as several dual degrees with other graduate schools at the University of Pennsylvania. Formerly known as PennDesign, it was renamed in 2019 after Stuart Weitzman donated an undisclosed sum.
Orville, Pas-de-Calais
Orville (French pronunciation: [ɔʁvil] ⓘ) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France 20 miles (32 km) southwest of Arras, by the banks of the river Authie, on the border with the department of the Somme.

Pas-de-Calais
The Pas-de-Calais (French: [pɑ d(ə) kalɛ] ⓘ, 'strait of Calais'; Picard: Pas-Calés; Dutch: Nauw van Calais) is a department in northern France named after the French designation of the Strait of Dover, which it borders. It has the most communes of all the departments of France, with 887, and is the 8th most populous. It had a population of 1,465,278 in 2019. The Calais Passage connects to the Port of Calais on the English Channel. The Pas-de-Calais borders the departments of Nord and Somme and is connected to the English county of Kent via the Channel Tunnel.
Lady-in-waiting of the Imperial Court of Russia
A lady-in-waiting of the Imperial Russian Court  (придворные дамы) was a woman of high aristocracy at the service of a woman of the Imperial family. They were organised according to the strict hierarchy of Peter the Great's table of ranks, following the woman's chin (rank) established on January 24, 1722.

Tsarina
Tsarina or tsaritsa (also spelled csarina or csaricsa, tzarina or tzaritza, or czarina or czaricza; Cyrillic: царица) is the title of a female autocratic ruler (monarch) of Bulgaria, Serbia, and Russia, or the title of a tsar's wife.  The English spelling is derived from the German czarin or zarin, in the same way as the French tsarine / czarine, and the Spanish and Italian czarina / zarina. 
(A tsar's daughter is a tsarevna.)

"Tsarina" or "tsaritsa" was the title of the female supreme ruler in the following states:

Bulgaria: in 913–1018, in 1185–1422 and in 1908–1946

Serbia: in 1346–1371

Russia: officially from about 1547 until 1721, unofficially in 1721–1917 (officially "Empresses").
Isla Santa Inés
Isla Santa Inés is an island group in the Gulf of California east of the Baja California Peninsula. The island is uninhabited and is part of the Mulegé Municipality in the Mexican state of Baja California Sur.

Baja California peninsula
The Baja California peninsula (Spanish: Península de Baja California, lit. 'Lower California peninsula') is a peninsula in northwestern Mexico. It separates the Gulf of California from the Pacific Ocean. The peninsula extends from Mexicali, Baja California, in the north to Cabo San Lucas, Baja California Sur, in the south.

With a length of 1,247 km (775 miles), its width ranges from 40 km (25 miles) at its narrowest to 320 km (200 miles) at its widest point and has approximately 3,000 km (1,900 miles) of coastline and approximately 65 islands. The total area of the Baja California peninsula is 143,390 km2 (55,360 sq mi).

The peninsula is separated from mainland Mexico by the Gulf of California and the Colorado River. There are four main desert areas on the peninsula: the San Felipe Desert, the Central Coast Desert, the Vizcaíno Desert, and the Magdalena Plain Desert.