hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lothair (novel)
Lothair (1870) was a late novel by Benjamin Disraeli, the first he wrote after his first term as Prime Minister. It deals with the comparative merits of the Catholic and Anglican churches as heirs of Judaism, and with the topical question of Italian unification. Though Lothair was a hugely popular work among 19th century readers, it now to some extent lies in the shadow of the same author's Coningsby and Sybil.  Lothair reflects anti-Catholicism of the sort that was popular in Britain, and which fueled support for Italian unification ("Risorgimento").

Third Derby–Disraeli ministry
The Conservative government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland that began in 1866 and ended in 1868 was led by Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby in the House of Lords and Benjamin Disraeli in the House of Commons.
Andy Marefos
Andy Marefos (July 16, 1917 – February 18, 1996) was an American football fullback and halfback. He played for the New York Giants from 1941 to 1942 and for the Los Angeles Dons in 1946.

He died on February 18, 1996, in Marysville, California at age 78.

Marysville, California
Marysville is a city in and the county seat of Yuba County, California, located in the Gold Country region of Northern California. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 12,844, up from 12,072 in the 2010 census. It is part of the Yuba-Sutter area of Greater Sacramento.
Uchisaiwaichō
Uchisaiwaichō (内幸町) is a district of Chiyoda, Tokyo, at the south-east corner of the ward bordering with Chūō and Minato.
Uchisaiwaichō Station on the Toei Mita Line is located in the area. Parts of the Hibiya Station and Shimbashi Station are also located in the neighborhood.

Toei Mita Line
The Toei Mita Line (都営地下鉄三田線, Toei Chikatetsu Mita-sen) is a subway line of the municipal Toei Subway network in Tokyo, Japan. The line runs between Nishi-Takashimadaira in Itabashi and Meguro in Shinagawa. Trains continue with direct service into the Meguro Line of Tokyu Corporation for Hiyoshi. The portion between Shirokane-Takanawa and Meguro is shared with the Tokyo Metro Namboku Line.

The line was named after the Mita district in Minato, Tokyo, under which it passes. On maps and signboards, the line is shown in blue. Stations carry the letter "I" followed by a two-digit number.

In fiscal year 2023, the Mita Line was Toei's second most profitable line, earning 6.30 billion yen in surplus (after the Asakusa Line). It served 606,811 passengers on average per day, the lowest in the Toei network.
Harmonies poétiques et religieuses
Harmonies poétiques et religieuses (Poetic and Religious Harmonies), S.173, is a cycle of piano pieces written by Franz Liszt at Woronińce (Voronivtsi, the Polish-Ukrainian country estate of Liszt's mistress Princess Carolyne von Sayn-Wittgenstein) in 1847, and published in 1853. The pieces are inspired by the poetry of Alphonse de Lamartine, as was Liszt's symphonic poem Les Préludes.

Les Préludes
Les préludes ("Preludes" or "The Beginnings"), S.97, is the third of Franz Liszt's thirteen symphonic poems. The music was composed between 1845 and 1854, and began as an overture to Liszt's choral cycle Les quatre élémens (The Four Elements), then revised as a stand-alone concert overture, with a new title referring to a poem by Alphonse de Lamartine.
Its premiere was on 23 February 1854, conducted by Liszt himself. The score was published in 1856 by Breitkopf & Härtel. Les préludes is the earliest example of an orchestral work entitled "Symphonic Poem" (German: Symphonische Dichtung or French: Poème symphonique).
Zead Khalaf
Zead Khalaf (born April 4, 1980) is an Iraqi banker and entrepreneur. He serves as the Chairman of the International Development Bank one of Iraq's largest private banks and Chairman of ZK Holding, an Abu Dhabi-based conglomerate with diverse investments working in the development of investments and trade between the UAE and Iraq.

Dr. Zead Khalaf holds key positions in several key organizations. He sits on the Board of Directors of the Union of Arab Banks, representing the Iraqi banking sector at the pan-Arab level, and on the Board of the International Chamber of Commerce – UAE.

Pan-Arabism
Pan-Arabism (Arabic: الوحدة العربية, romanized: al-waḥda al-ʿarabiyyah, lit. 'Arab unity') is a pan-nationalist ideology that espouses the unification of all Arab people in a single nation-state, consisting of all Arab countries of West Asia and North Africa from the Atlantic Ocean to the Arabian Sea, which is referred to as the Arab world. It is closely connected to Arab nationalism, which asserts the view that the Arabs constitute a single nation. It originated in the late 19th century among the Arab regions of the Ottoman Empire, and its popularity reached its height during the peak of Nasserism and Ba'athism in the 1950s and 1960s. Advocates of pan-Arabism have often espoused Arab socialist principles and strongly opposed the political involvement of the Western world in the Arab world. It also sought to empower Arab states against outside forces by forming alliances such as the Arab League.
Bob Spence
John Robert (Bob) Spence (born February 10, 1946) is a former Major League Baseball player. Spence played for the Chicago White Sox from 1969 to 1971. He batted left and threw right-handed.

He was drafted by the White Sox in the 1st round (4th overall pick) of the 1967 amateur draft.

He attended St. Augustine High School in San Diego, California and graduated in 1964. Following his retirement from baseball, he returned to St. Augustine as a teacher.

St. Augustine High School (San Diego)
St. Augustine High School is a private Catholic high school for young men under the direction of the Order of Saint Augustine, located in the North Park neighborhood of San Diego, California, and founded in 1922. It is located in the Diocese of San Diego and is a member of the Augustinian Secondary Education Association.

Named after Saint Augustine of Hippo, an early Christian theologian, St. Augustine teaches young men within the framework of the Catholic faith and in the Augustinian tradition. This culturally diverse school serves the communities of San Diego County and Tijuana, Mexico. The school also publicly states, "We open our doors to all boys we believe will benefit from our academic program."
Michael H. Ritzwoller
Michael H. Ritzwoller (born July 29, 1954) is an   observational seismologist and professor of physics at University of Colorado Boulder. He is also the director of the Center for Imaging the Earth's Interior at University of Colorado Boulder. His early work was mainly in normal mode seismology and helioseismology. Research in the last decade has concentrated on developing methods to focus seismic models derived from surface wave dispersion information to tectonic scales, particularly in the US and China. Recent emphasis has focused on developing methods for exploiting ambient noise and earthquakes in surface wave tomography and combining this information to produce 3-D models of the crust and uppermost mantle. In addition, he has developed Monte Carlo methods for seismic inversions and has worked on applying physical constraints from geodynamical models and thermodynamics into seismic inversions. He has published numerous articles with an h-index of 50 (updated on 23 August 2015).

Seismology
Seismology (/saɪzˈmɒlədʒi, saɪs-/; from Ancient Greek σεισμός (seismós), meaning 'earthquake', and -λογία (-logía), meaning 'study of') is the scientific study of earthquakes (or generally, quakes) and the generation and propagation of elastic waves through planetary bodies. It also includes studies of the environmental effects of earthquakes such as tsunamis; other seismic sources such as volcanoes, plate tectonics, glaciers, rivers, oceanic microseisms, and the atmosphere; and artificial processes such as explosions.

Paleoseismology is a related field that uses geology to infer information regarding past earthquakes. A recording of Earth's motion as a function of time, created by a seismograph is called a seismogram. A seismologist is a scientist who works in basic or applied seismology.
Kemerçam, Tercan
Kemerçam (Kurdish: Tarî) is a village in the Tercan District, Erzincan Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Çarekan tribe and had a population of 53 in 2021.

The hamlets of Abbaslar, Dilek, Kemeroğlu and Kızkale are attached to the village.

Tercan District
Tercan District is a district of Erzincan Province in Turkey. The municipality of Tercan is the seat and the district had a population of 16,110 in 2021. Its area is 1,614 km2.

It is home to the Armenian Aprank Monastery, a significant landmark best known for the pair of two monumental khachkars.
Song Sun-bong
Song Sun-bong (Korean: 송순봉,born 2 October 1952) is a North Korean gymnast. He competed in eight events at the 1980 Summer Olympics.
He became an instructor at the Kim Hyong Jik University of Education and worked as coach for the north korean team in the 1990s.

Gymnastics at the 1980 Summer Olympics
At the 1980 Summer Olympics, fourteen different artistic gymnastics events were contested, eight for men and six for women.  All events were held at the Sports Palace of the Central Lenin Stadium in Moscow from July 20 through 25th.  Several teams who had qualified to compete were absent as a result of the 1980 Summer Olympics boycott, including the United States, Canada, China, Japan, South Korea, and West Germany.

For the first time in Olympic competition, in event finals for the vault an average of two vaults was used as the final score, rather than the best of two vaults.
Smithfield Luas stop
Smithfield  (Irish: Margadh na Feirme) is a stop on the Luas light-rail tram system in Dublin, Ireland.  It opened in 2004 as a stop on the Red Line.  The Red Line runs east to west along Phoenix Street, and the Four Courts stop is located to on a section of road closed completely to other traffic, to the side of Smithfield plaza, a large open square previously used as a market.  It also provides access to the Old Jameson Distillery and Light House Cinema.  It has two edge platforms integrated into the pavement.  The stop connects with a number of Dublin Bus routes.

Jameson Distillery Bow St.
Jameson Distillery Bow St. (informally the Jameson Distillery) is a former Irish whiskey distillery and a tourist attraction located just off Smithfield Square in Dublin, Ireland. Jameson Distillery Bow St. is the original site where Jameson Irish Whiskey was distilled until 1971. It is now a visitors centre that provides guided tours, tutored whiskey tastings, JJs bar and a gift shop.
The Oprichnik
The Oprichnik (Russian: «Опричник», IPA: [ɐˈprʲitɕnʲɪk] ⓘ), also translated as The Guardsman, is an opera in 4 acts, 5 scenes, by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky to his own libretto after the tragedy The Oprichniks (Russian: Опричники) by Ivan Lazhechnikov (1792–1869). The subject of the opera is the oprichniks. It is set in Ivan the Terrible's court during the oprichnina times (1565–1573).

Tchaikovsky worked on the opera from February 1870 - March 1872. It includes music from  his early opera The Voyevoda (1869). The work is dedicated to the Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich Romanov. It was given its premiere performance at the Mariinsky Theatre in St Petersburg on 24 April 1874, followed by the Moscow premiere on 16 May 1874 at the Bolshoi Theatre.

Mariinsky Theatre
The Mariinsky Theatre (Russian: Мариинский театр, romanized: Mariinskiy teatr, also transcribed as Maryinsky or Mariyinsky) is a historic opera house in Saint Petersburg, Russia. Opened in 1860, it became the preeminent music theatre of late 19th-century Russia, where many of the stage masterpieces of Tchaikovsky, Mussorgsky, and Rimsky-Korsakov received their premieres. Through most of the Soviet era, it was known as the Kirov Theatre.  Today, the Mariinsky Theatre is home to the Mariinsky Ballet, Mariinsky Opera and Mariinsky Orchestra. Since Yuri Temirkanov's retirement in 1988, the conductor Valery Gergiev has served as the theatre's general director.
Billy Elliot the Musical Live
Billy Elliot the Musical Live is a 2014 British filmed version of Elton John's coming-of-age stage musical Billy Elliot the Musical (2005), which in turn was based on the 2000 film Billy Elliot. Stephen Daldry directed both the original film and the 2014 musical adaptation.

Filmed on 28 September 2014 at the Victoria Palace Theatre in London's West End, Billy Elliot Live was broadcast live to cinemas in several European countries, followed by further worldwide screenings. North American screenings took place on 12, 15, and 18 November.

The filmed production stars Elliott Hanna as Billy, Ruthie Henshall as Mrs. Wilkinson, and Deka Walmsley, Ann Emery, and Chris Grahamson as Billy's father, grandmother, and older brother, respectively.

Victoria Palace Theatre
The Victoria Palace Theatre is a West End theatre in Victoria Street, in the City of Westminster. The theatre was designed by Frank Matcham in 1911 and was the last London theatre he designed before his retirement. The building was designated as a Grade II* listed building by Historic England in 1972. It has been the West End home of the musical Hamilton since 2017.
Yankovsky
Yankovsky, feminine: Yankovskaya is the Russian form of the Polish surname Jankowski. Notable people with the surname include:

Filipp Yankovsky (born 1968), Russian actor

George Yankovsky (1879–1956), Russian tiger hunter

Igor Yankovsky (1951–2025), Russian actor, son of Rostislav and nephew of Oleg

Ivan Yankovsky

Lidiya Yankovskaya (born 1986), Russian-American opera and symphonic conductor

Mykola Yankovsky

Oleg Yankovsky (1944–2009), Russian actor

Rostislav Yankovsky (1930–2016), Soviet actor, brother of Oleg

Valery Yankovsky (1911–2010), Russian writer

Ivan Yankovsky
Ivan Filippovich Yankovsky (Russian: Иван Филиппович Янковский; born October 30, 1990) is a Russian actor, best known for his roles in Rag Union and The Boy's Word: Blood on the Asphalt. His father is actor and filmmaker Filipp Yankovsky, and his grandfather was the actor Oleg Yankovsky.
Asterisk (PBX)
Asterisk is a software implementation of a private branch exchange (PBX). In conjunction with suitable telephony hardware interfaces and network applications, Asterisk is used to establish and control telephone calls between telecommunication endpoints such as customary telephone sets, destinations on the public switched telephone network (PSTN) and devices or services on voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) networks. Its name comes from the asterisk (*) symbol for a signal used in dual-tone multi-frequency (DTMF) dialing.

Asterisk was created in 1999 by Mark Spencer of Digium, which, since 2018, has been a division of Sangoma Technologies Corporation. Originally designed for Linux, Asterisk runs on a variety of operating systems, including NetBSD, OpenBSD, FreeBSD, macOS, and Solaris, and can be installed in embedded systems based on OpenWrt.

Telephony
Telephony (/təˈlɛfəni/ tə-LEF-ə-nee) is the field of technology involving the development, application, and deployment of telecommunications services for the purpose of electronic transmission of voice, fax, or data, between distant parties. The history of telephony is intimately linked to the invention and development of the telephone.

Telephony is commonly referred to as the construction or operation of telephones and telephonic systems and as a system of telecommunications in which telephonic equipment is employed in the transmission of speech or other sound between points, with or without the use of wires. The term is also used frequently to refer to computer hardware, software, and computer network systems, that perform functions traditionally performed by telephone equipment. In this context the technology is specifically referred to as Internet telephony, or voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP).
Woonona Shamrocks RUFC
Woonona Shamrocks Rugby Union Football Club is an Australian rugby union club which competes in the Illawarra District Rugby Union competition. The home ground is located at Ocean Park Woonona and is the only rugby club in the northern suburbs of Wollongong. The club was formed in 1970 after the amalgamation of the two clubs Shamrocks RUFC and Woonona Surf RUFC. The team colours are green and white with the shamrock being the team's logo.

Woonona, New South Wales
Woonona (/wʊˈnuːnə/) is a northern suburb of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia, south of Sydney. It is served by Woonona Station on the South Coast Line, and by the Princes Highway.

The suburb has a strip of commerce along the highway and several historic buildings. It is mostly light-density residential, though some new two-storey buildings have appeared. The local beach is known for surfing conditions, and surfers frequent it during high wave times. A good swell will bring in many locals. There are a variety of breaks, including the northside of Collins rock, the southern side and the famous "Dorrigo Ave" break.
Peronospora radii
Peronospora radii is a floricolous downy mildew which infects plants in the Asteraceae. It disfigures the inflorescence, mainly causing symptoms in the ray florets, but can also be visible on the leaves. It forms greyish-violet conidia. It has been reported from hosts in the genera Achillea, Anthemis, Argyranthemum, Chrysanthemum, Coleostephus, Cota, Glebionis, Leucanthemum, Matricaria, and Tripleurospermum.

Coleostephus
Coleostephus is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae (daisy family).

Species

Coleostephus multicaulis (Desf.) Durieu - Algeria

Coleostephus myconis (L.) Cass. - Spain, Portugal, France, Corsica, Sardinia, Italy, Yugoslavia, Greece, Algeria, Morocco

Coleostephus paludosus (Durieu) Alavi - Spain, Portugal, Corsica, Sardinia, Italy, Sicily, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya
Malone Pioneers
The Malone Pioneers are athletic teams of Malone University in Canton, Ohio, United States. The Pioneers compete in Division II of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) as members of the Great Midwest Athletic Conference (G-MAC). Malone joined the G-MAC after four seasons in the Great Lakes Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (GLIAC) from 2012–13 to 2015–16. Malone joined the GLIAC and Division II in the 2011–12 season (as an independent in its provisional status) and completed the NCAA Division II membership process in July 2013 after having previously competed in the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA); mostly known for its tenure with the now-defunct American Mideast Conference from 1965–66 to 1988–89, and from 1993–94 to 2010–11.

In 2016, the Pioneers began play in the Great Midwest Athletic Conference, also known as the G-MAC.

Great Lakes Intercollegiate Athletic Conference
The Great Lakes Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (GLIAC) is a college athletic conference affiliated with the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) at the Division II level.

The GLIAC was founded in June 1972. Its eleven member institutions are located in the Midwestern United States in the states of Michigan, Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin. There are three affiliate members who compete in the GLIAC for sports not sponsored by their home conference.

Sponsorship of football was dropped by the GLIAC after the 1989 season. Conference schools sponsoring football joined with members of the Heartland Football Conference to form the Midwest Intercollegiate Football Conference (MIFC), which began play in 1990. The MIFC merged with the GLIAC in July 1999, and the GLIAC resumed sponsorship of football that fall.
Markarian 478
Markarian 478 also known as MRK 478, is a Seyfert 1 galaxy located in the constellation of Boötes. The redshift of the galaxy is (z) 0.079, giving it a distance of about 1 billion light-years from Earth. It was first discovered in 1974 by astronomers from Arecibo Observatory via a 1000-foot radio telescope. It displays doubly ionized iron emission lines in its spectrum and is classified as a radio-quiet quasar.

Telescope
A telescope is a device used to observe distant objects by their emission, absorption, or reflection of electromagnetic radiation. Originally, it was an optical instrument using lenses, curved mirrors, or a combination of both to observe distant objects – an optical telescope. Nowadays, the word "telescope" is defined as a wide range of instruments capable of detecting different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, and in some cases other types of detectors.

The first known practical telescopes were refracting telescopes with glass lenses and were invented in the Netherlands at the beginning of the 17th century. They were used for both terrestrial applications and astronomy.

The reflecting telescope, which uses mirrors to collect and focus light, was invented within a few decades of the first refracting telescope.

In the 20th century, many new types of telescopes were invented, including radio telescopes in the 1930s and infrared telescopes in the 1960s.
Pacific Forest Reserve
The Pacific Forest Reserve was established by the United States General Land Office in Washington on February 20, 1893 with 967,680 acres (3,916.1 km2). On February 22, 1898 the forest was combined with other lands to create the Mount Rainier Forest Reserve, and the name was discontinued.

United States General Land Office
The General Land Office (GLO) was an independent agency of the United States government responsible for public domain lands in the United States. It was created in 1812 to take over functions previously conducted by the United States Department of the Treasury.  Starting with the enactment of the Land Ordinance of 1785, which created the Public Land Survey System, the Treasury Department had already overseen the survey of the Northwest Territory, including what is now the state of Ohio.

Placed under the Department of the Interior when that department was formed in 1849, it was merged with the United States Grazing Service (established in 1934) to become the Bureau of Land Management on July 16, 1946.
2022–23 Swiss Cup
The 2022–23 Swiss Cup, or Schweizer Pokal, was the 98th season of Switzerland's annual football cup competition. It featured 64 teams from the first to the eight tier of the Swiss football league. The first round was played from 19 to 21 August 2022. The final took place on 4 June 2023.

Lugano was the reigning Cup champion.

Swiss Cup
The Swiss Cup (German: Schweizer Cup; French: Coupe de Suisse; Italian: Coppa Svizzera; Romansh: Cuppa Svizra)  is a football cup competition that has been organised annually since 1925–26 season by the Swiss Football Association.

The Swiss Cup final is usually the most important game of the year with a high attendance. The competition is also shaped by games in the first rounds when villages celebrate the tie of their club with a professional team leading to infrastructure improvements and often thousands of spectators at the local football pitch. Since 1999 the cup winners earns the chance to qualify for the UEFA Europa League or the UEFA Conference League in accordance with the rankings of Switzerland in the UEFA coefficient.