hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kashiwa, Aomori
Kashiwa (柏村, Kashiwa-mura) was a village located in Nishitsugaru District in western Aomori Prefecture, Japan.

Kashiwa Village was located in the central portion of Tsugaru Peninsula. The area was part of Hirosaki Domain during the Edo period. After the Meiji Restoration, Kashiwa Village was created on 1 April 1889.

On 11 February 2005, Kashiwa, along with the town of Kizukuri, and the villages of Inagaki, Morita and Shariki (all from Nishitsugaru District), was merged to create the city of Tsugaru, and thus no longer exists as an independent municipality.

At the time of its merger, Kashiwa had an estimated population of 5,158 and a density of 360.2 persons per km2. The total area was 14.32 km2. The village economy was dominated by agriculture.

Municipal mergers and dissolutions in Japan
Municipal mergers and dissolutions carried out in Japan (市町村合併, shichōson gappei) have occurred since the Meiji era to join the facilities and legal boundaries of municipal districts, towns, and cities. Often, these mergers are driven by a necessity to consolidate villages and 'natural settlements' into larger-scale cities as modernization progressed and consolidation was promoted to provide greater access to public facilities and schools.
Barry Schuler
Barry Martin Schuler (born September 7, 1953) is an American Internet entrepreneur and former chairman and CEO of America Online Inc. He is best known for leading the AOL team that simplified the online service provider's user interface, making it possible for millions of consumers to gain easy access to the Internet.

Napa, California
Napa is the largest city in and the county seat of Napa County and a principal city of Wine Country in Northern California, United States. Located in the North Bay region of the Bay Area, the city had a population of 76,921 as of the July, 2024. Napa is a major tourist destination in California, known for its wineries, restaurants, and arts culture.
Chausuyama Kofun (Ōtsu)
The Chausuyama Kofun (茶臼山古墳) is a Kofun period burial mound located in the Akibadai neighborhood of Ōtsu, Shiga in the Kansai region of Japan. The tumulus was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1921. With a total length of 122 meters, it is the third largest kofun in Shiga Prefecture.

Kansai region
The Kansai region (関西地方, Kansai Chihō; [kaꜜɰ̃.sai, kaɰ̃.sai tɕiꜜ.hoː] ⓘ) (also known as the Kinki region (近畿地方, Kinki Chihō; Japanese pronunciation: [kʲiꜜŋ.ki, kʲiŋ.ki̥ tɕiꜜ.hoː])) is a region of Japan that lies in the southern-central portion of Japan's main island, Honshū. The region consists of the prefectures of Hyōgo, Kyoto, Mie, Nara, Osaka, Shiga, and Wakayama.  Additionally, the prefectures of Fukui, Tokushima and Tottori are sometimes associated with Kansai.

Kansai is the second-most populated region of Japan (after Kantō), and contains the metropolitan region of Osaka, Kobe and Kyoto (Keihanshin region), which is the second-most populated metropolitan region in Japan (after the Greater Tokyo Area).
Coastal Swamp Oak Forest
Coastal Swamp Oak Forests, also known as Swamp Oak Floodplain Forests and Estuarine swamp oak forests, are scattered riparian forests found in southeastern Queensland to southeastern New South Wales, Australia that would predominantly feature Casuarina glauca (swamp oaks). They occur within the South Eastern Queensland, NSW North Coast, Sydney Basin, or South East Corner bioregions.

Both this ecological zone and the River-flat eucalypt forest community used to fall under the Sydney Coastal River Flat Forest biome, before they were separated as two distinct ecological areas in 2019 (since the latter predominantly features eucalyptus trees, whereas this zone is more Casuarina-dominant).

Sydney Basin
The Sydney Basin is an interim Australian bioregion and is both a structural entity and a depositional area, now preserved on the east coast of New South Wales, Australia and with some of its eastern side now subsided beneath the Tasman Sea.  The basin is named for the city of Sydney, on which it is centred.

Around 5,000 metres (16,000 ft) thick, the Sydney Basin consists of Permian and Triassic sedimentary rocks, which stretches from Newcastle in the north to Batemans Bay in the south, and west to the Great Dividing Range. The basin is also home to the major centres of Newcastle, Gosford, and Wollongong, as well as the state capital of Sydney, and contains economically significant reserves of coal.

Sydney's famous harbour and the sculptured cliffs of the Blue Mountains are signature formations of relatively hard upper strata of sandstone. The basin contains the UNESCO World Heritage-listed Greater Blue Mountains Area.
Valentin Turkin
Valentin Konstantinovich Turkin (Russian: Валентин Константинович Туркин; 6 February 1887 – 10 January 1958) was a screenwriter, film critic, and film theorist active in the Soviet Union.

Turkin was a founder of the Gerasimov Institute of Cinematography.

Film theory
Film theory is a set of scholarly approaches within the academic discipline of film or cinema studies that began in the 1920s by questioning the formal essential attributes of motion pictures; and that now provides conceptual frameworks for understanding film's relationship to reality, the other arts, individual viewers, and society at large. Film theory is not to be confused with general film criticism, or film history, though these three disciplines interrelate. Although some branches of film theory are derived from linguistics and literary theory, it also originated and overlaps with the philosophy of film.
BTR-T
The BTR-T (Russian: Бронетранспортёр-Тяжелый, romanized: Bronetransporter-Tyazhelyy, lit. 'Armored Transporter–Heavy') was a Russian heavy armored personnel carrier (APC), designed by the Design Bureau of Transport Machine-Building (Omsktransmash) state-run production association.

OF-40
The OF-40 is an Italian main battle tank developed as a joint venture between OTO Melara and Fiat, and intended primarily for export sales. OTO Melara would develop and produce the hulls, and automotive components would be provided by Fiat (the designation of the vehicle comes from the initials of the two companies, whereas "40" refers to the planned mass of the tank). Initial design work was started by OTO Melara in 1977, with the first prototypes ready by 1980.

While the vehicle was never used by the Italian Army, it was used by the United Arab Emirates until being replaced by the more modern Leclerc MBT.
Borax (mineral)
Borax (Na2B4O5(OH)4 · 8 H2O) is a borate mineral found in evaporite deposits of alkaline lacustrine environments and as a surface efflorescence in arid regions. It is the chief mineral mined from the deposits at Boron, California and nearby locations, and is the chief source of commercial borax.

Borax first reached Western civilization as tincal mined from deposits in Tibet. The term borax comes from the Arabic bauraq, meaning white.

Evaporite
An evaporite (/ɪˈvæpəˌraɪt/) is a water-soluble sedimentary mineral deposit caused by the concentration and crystallization (chemical precipitation) that results when enough of the water solvent evaporates from an aqueous solution. There are two types of evaporite deposits: marine, which can also be described as ocean deposits, and non-marine, which are found in standing bodies of water such as lakes. Evaporites are considered sedimentary rocks and are formed by chemical sediments.
Petey Rosenberg
Alexander "Petey" Rosenberg (April 7, 1918–June 29, 1997) was an American professional basketball player.

A 5'10" guard from Saint Joseph's University, Rosenberg played one season in the Basketball Association of America as a member of the Philadelphia Warriors.  He averaged 2.9 points per game and won a league championship.

Saint Joseph's University
Saint Joseph's University (SJU or St. Joe's) is a private Jesuit university in Philadelphia, Lower Merion Township, Pennsylvania, and Lancaster, Pennsylvania. The university was founded by the Society of Jesus in 1851 as Saint Joseph's College. Saint Joseph's is the seventh oldest Jesuit university in the United States and the sixth largest university in Philadelphia. It is named after Saint Joseph.

Saint Joseph's University has nearly 9,000 undergraduate, graduate, and doctoral students in over 162 undergraduate programs, 84 graduate programs, and 9 degree-completion and post-baccalaureate programs. It has 14 centers and institutes, including the Kinney Center for Autism Education and Support and the Pedro Arrupe, S.J., Center for Business Ethics. Saint Joseph's University is classified as an R2: Doctoral University with High Research Activity by the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education.
Kahal
Kahal (Hebrew: כחל) is a moshav near Highway 85 in northern Israel. Located on the border of the Upper Galilee and Lower Galilee, north of Sea of Galilee and just northwest of Tabgha, it falls under the jurisdiction of Mevo'ot HaHermon Regional Council. In 2022 it had a population of 475.

Tabgha
Tabgha (Arabic: الطابغة, al-Tabigha; Hebrew: עין שבע, Ein Sheva which means "spring of seven") is an area situated on the north-western shore of the Sea of Galilee in Israel and a depopulated Palestinian village. It is traditionally accepted as the place of the miracle of the multiplication of the loaves and fishes (Mark 6:30-46) and the third resurrection appearance of Jesus (John 21:1-24) after his Crucifixion. The village population was expelled in 1948 during Operation Matateh ("Broom").
Cocamide DEA
Cocamide DEA, or cocamide diethanolamine, is a diethanolamide made by reacting the mixture of fatty acids from coconut oils with diethanolamine. It is a viscous liquid and is used as a foaming agent in bath products like shampoos and hand soaps, and in cosmetics as an emulsifying agent. See cocamide for the discussion of the lengths of carbon chains in the molecules in the mixture. The chemical formula of individual components is CH3(CH2)nC(=O)N(CH2CH2OH)2, where n typically ranges from 8 to 18.

Soap
Soap is a salt of a fatty acid (sometimes other carboxylic acids) used for cleaning and lubricating products as well as other applications. In a domestic setting, soaps, specifically "toilet soaps", are surfactants usually used for washing, bathing, and other types of housekeeping. In industrial settings, soaps are used as thickeners, components of some lubricants, emulsifiers, and catalysts.

Soaps are often produced by mixing fats and oils with a base. Humans have used soap for millennia; evidence exists for the production of soap-like materials in ancient Babylon around 2800 BC.
Benkoelen Residency
Benkoelen Residency (Dutch: Residentie Benkoelen), also spelled Bencoolen, was an administrative subdivision of the Dutch East Indies, covering the present-day province of Bengkulu and western part of Lampung (Pesisir Barat), Indonesia. Benkoelen was a British colony before they ceded it to the Netherlands in the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824. It was one of the control centers of the Dutch before independence, though after independence it became the resident of Bengkulu prefect. Initially, it was a part of Sumatra, later part of Southern Sumatra. Further, on the demand of Bengkulu Struggle Agency and according to Law no. 9/1967 Junkto Government Regulation no. 20/1968, Bengkulu became an all-new province, thereby making the Benkoelen Residency a part of it.

Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824
The Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824, also known as the Treaty of London (Dutch: Verdrag van Londen), was a treaty between the United Kingdom and the Netherlands in London on 17 March 1824. The treaty was to resolve disputes arising from the execution of the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814. For the Dutch, it was signed by Hendrik Fagel and Anton Reinhard Falck, and for the British, George Canning and Charles Williams-Wynn.
Elemér Baló
Elemér Baló (1892–1970) was a Hungarian stage and film actor. On screen he mainly appeared in a supporting roles in a career that stretched back to the silent era. He appeared as a woodcutter in the 1942 film neorealist film People of the Mountains which screened at the Venice Film Festival. The same year he appeared in a more substantial role in Sirius, which was also shown at Venice.

Lumberjack
Lumberjack is a mostly North American term for workers in the logging industry who perform the initial harvesting and transport of trees. The term usually refers to loggers in the era before 1945 in the United States, when trees were felled using hand tools and dragged by oxen to rivers.

The work was difficult, dangerous, intermittent, low-paying, and involved living in primitive conditions. However, the men built a traditional culture that celebrated strength, masculinity, confrontation with danger, and resistance to modernization.
Purbeckodon
Purbeckodon is an extinct genus of mammaliaforms, possibly belonging to Morganucodonta, that is known from Early Cretaceous deposits of southeastern Dorset, England. It was collected in the Purbeck Limestone Group of Dorset. It was first named by Percy M. Butler, Denise Sigogneau-Russell and Paul C. Ensom in 2011 and the type species is Purbeckodon batei.

Purbeck Marble
Purbeck Marble is a fossiliferous limestone found in the Isle of Purbeck, a peninsula in south-east Dorset, England. It is a variety of Purbeck stone that has been quarried since at least Roman times as a decorative building stone.
Lily Jacobs
Carolina Wilhelmina (Lily) Jacobs (born 2 November 1951 in Heerlen) is a Dutch politician of the Labour Party.

Jacobs grew up in the Limburg mining region and graduated from TUE in 1977. From 1987 to 2003, she was a member of the Provincial Council of Gelderland. In 1994, she became a deputy and would remain until 2001. In 2004, she became alderman of the municipality of Culemborg and from 2007 Jacobs was a member of the European Parliament. As an MEP, she sat on the Agriculture & Rural Development, Transport & Tourism and Climate committees. In 2009 Jacobs was not eligible for election so she became deputy of Economic Affairs, Sustainable Development, Europe and public transport in the province of North Brabant. She held that position until 2011.

Provincial Council of Gelderland
The States of Gelderland (Dutch: Staten van Gelderland, pronounced [ˈstaːtə(ɱ) vɑŋ ˈɣɛldərˌlɑnt]) are the States-Provincial for the Dutch province of Gelderland. It forms the legislative body of the province. Its 55 seats are distributed every four years in provincial elections. From 2005 till early 2019, it was chaired by Clemens Cornielje (VVD).
Djikoloum Mobele
Djikoloum Mobele (born 23 November 1978) is a Chadian sprinter who specialized in the 100 metres.

Mobele competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens but did not finish in heat 7. He has also competed at the 2003 World Championships and the 2004 World Indoor Championships.

2004 IAAF World Indoor Championships
The 10th IAAF World Indoor Championships in Athletics under the auspices of the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) were held in the Budapest Arena, Hungary between March 5 and March 7, 2004. A total off 139 countries were represented by 677 athletes at the championships.

It was the second visit of the championships to Budapest having previously visited there 15 years earlier in 1989. The newly built 13,000 capacity arena was built on the site of a former stadium that was destroyed by fire in 1999.

This was the last World Indoor Championships where the 200 m event was contested. The event was discontinued as the tight bends involved in running indoors left athletes drawn to run on the inside lanes with minimal or no chance of winning.
David Wilson (figure skating)
David Wilson (born May 25, 1966) is a Canadian former figure skater who currently works as a choreographer at the Toronto Cricket and Skating Club.

As a skater, his competitive career was cut short when he was diagnosed with Osgood-Schlatter disease. Following surgery on his knee, then 18-year-old Wilson toured with Ice Capades in North America.

With his then-partner, Jean-Pierre Boulais, Wilson settled in Montreal and began working as a choreographer. Their breakout client was Sébastien Britten.

Later, Wilson moved to Toronto and worked with many notable skaters including World and Olympic champions and medalists.

Ice Capades
The Ice Capades were traveling entertainment shows featuring theatrical ice skating performances. Shows often featured former Olympic and US National Champion figure skaters who had retired from formal competition. Started in 1940, the Ice Capades grew rapidly and prospered for 50 years. A decline in popularity ensued in the 1980s, and the show went out of business around 1995. There have been several attempts to revive the show and its name.

Similar traditional ice-skating entertainment shows included the Ice Follies and Holiday on Ice.
Chevrolet 90° V6 engine
The Chevrolet 90° V6 family of V6 engines began in 1978 with the Chevrolet 200 cu in (3.3 L) as the base engine for the all new 1978 Chevrolet Malibu. The original engine family was phased out in early 2014, with its final use as the 4.3 L (262 cu in) V6 engine used in Chevrolet and GMC trucks and vans. Its phaseout marks the end of an era of Chevrolet small-block engine designs dating back to the 1955 model year. A new Generation V 4.3 L (262 cu in) V6 variant entered production in late 2013, based on the LT1 small block V8 and first used in the 2014 Silverado/Sierra 1500 trucks.

GMC (automobile)
GMC (formerly the General Motors Truck Company [1911–1943], or the GMC Truck & Coach Division [1943–1998]) is a division of American automotive manufacturer General Motors (GM) for trucks and utility vehicles. GMC currently makes SUVs, pickup trucks, vans, and light-duty trucks. In the past, GMC also produced fire trucks, ambulances, heavy-duty trucks, military vehicles, motorhomes, transit buses, and medium duty trucks.

While many of their vehicles are mechanically similar, GMC is positioned as a premium offering to the mainstream Chevrolet brand, and includes the luxury trim Denali. In North America, GMC vehicles are almost always sold alongside Buick (another premium brand) vehicles at multi-brand dealerships.
André Burguière
André Burguière (French: [ɑ̃dʁe byʁɡjɛʁ]; 10 October 1938 – 22 January 2026) was a French historian and academic.

Burguière was a longtime director of studies at the School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences and was politically active with the Unified Socialist Party. In 2007, he published a piece in Le Nouvel Observateur in support of Ségolène Royal in the presidential election. He did the same for François Hollande in 2012.

Burguière died in Paris on 22 January 2026, at the age of 87.

2007 electoral calendar
This electoral calendar 2007 lists the national/federal direct elections held in 2007 in the de jure and de facto sovereign states and their dependent territories. Referendums are included, although they are not elections. By-elections are not included.
Make It Rain (Foy Vance song)
"Make It Rain" is a song by Northern Irish musician Foy Vance. It was made famous by Ed Sheeran in 2014 when it was used in the television series Sons of Anarchy. Two additional versions of this song charted in the United States after they were performed on The Voice, one by Matt McAndrew in 2014 and another by Koryn Hawthorne in 2015.

Foy Vance
Foy Best Vance (born 18 November 1974) is an Irish musician and singer-songwriter, signed to Ed Sheeran's Gingerbread Man record label. Vance has toured as a support act to British singer-songwriter Ed Sheeran and his music has been featured on numerous TV shows.

In August 2013 he released his second full-length album, Joy of Nothing, which was produced by Irish producer and arranger Michael Keeney and was met with critical praise, being called "a gorgeous collection of open, uplifting songs, which showcase [Vance's] magnificent songwriting skills." In May 2016, his third studio album The Wild Swan, produced and mixed by Jacquire King, was released and it was announced that Vance would support Elton John on selected tour dates in June and Josh Groban in July and August.
Racism in Canada
Racism in Canada traces both historical and contemporary racist community attitudes, as well as governmental negligence and political non-compliance with United Nations human rights standards and incidents in Canada. Moreover, racial capitalism is embedded in the very foundations of contemporary Canada, which is the product of indigenous First Nations combined with multiple waves of immigration, predominantly from Europe and in modern times, from Asia.

Constance Backhouse
Constance Barbara Backhouse, CM OOnt FRSC (born February 19, 1952) is a Canadian legal scholar and historian, specializing in gender and race discrimination. She is a Distinguished University Professor and University Research Chair at the Faculty of Law, University of Ottawa in Ottawa, Canada. In addition to her academic publications, Backhouse is the author of several books on feminist- and race-related legal rights topics. Backhouse is President of the American Society for Legal History, and is the first non-US scholar to hold this position.
Drass (company)
Drass, or DRASS, is an Italian manufacturing company headquartered in Livorno, whose best known for their range of midget submarine and swimmer delivery vehicle. The company also has a line of hyperbaric chambers for diver decompression. Work is done at Livorno and also Ghiroda, Romania.

Diving chamber
A diving chamber is a vessel for human occupation, which may have an entrance that can be sealed to hold an internal pressure significantly higher than ambient pressure, a pressurised gas system to control the internal pressure, and a supply of breathing gas for the occupants.

There are two main functions for diving chambers:

as a simple form of submersible vessel to transport divers underwater and to provide a temporary base and retrieval system in the depths;

as a land, ship or offshore platform-based hyperbaric chamber or system, to artificially reproduce the hyperbaric conditions under the sea. Internal pressures above normal atmospheric pressure are provided for diving-related applications such as saturation diving and diver decompression, and non-diving medical applications such as hyperbaric medicine. It is also known as a pressure vessel for human occupancy, or PVHO.
Gümüşören, Pervari
Gümüşören (Armenian: Ոզիմ or Ոզմ; Kurdish: Ûzîm) is a village in the Pervari District in the Siirt Province of Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Şakiran tribe and had a population of 542 in 2021.

The hamlet of Ulupınar is attached to the village.

The village was depopulated in the 1990s.

Siirt Province
Siirt Province, (Turkish: Siirt ili, Kurdish: Parêzgeha Sêrtê; Armenian: Սղերդ զավառ) is a province of Turkey, located in the southeast. The province borders Bitlis to the north, Batman to the west, Mardin to the southwest, Şırnak to the south, and Van to the east. Its area is 5,717 km2, and its population is 331,311 (2022). Its capital is Siirt. It encompasses 12 municipalities, 280 villages and 214 hamlets.

The province is considered part of Turkish Kurdistan and has a Kurdish majority. The current Governor of the Siirt province is Kemal Kızılkaya.