hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pagnini
Pagnini is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Eugenio Pagnini (1905–1993), Italian modern pentathlete

Giovanni Pagnini (d. 18th century), Italian mathematician

Luca Antonio Pagnini (1737 - 1814), Italian translator of Greco-Roman classics

Marta Pagnini (born 1991), Italian rhythmic gymnast

Santi Pagnini or Santes Pagnino (1470–1541), Italian philologist and Biblical scholar

Giovanni Pagnini
Giovanni Pagnini was an 18th-century Maltese mathematician and hydrographer.

He was a member of the Knights Hospitaller.

Born in Lucca, Italy, Pagnini came to Malta known as the "Hydrographer of the Order" and the knowledge he brought was instrumental in the foundation of Malta's School of Navigation.

Pagnini mainly expanded on theoretical mathematics, but his text Compasso di Proporzioni is focused on detailing new compass-like tools (ex: "La Linea Aritmetica", "La Linea dei Piani[o] Linea Geometrica", "La Linea Cubica [o] Linea de Solidi") for construction and navigation purposes.
Ashok Krishna Dutt
Ashok Krishna Dutt (born 21 November 1928) was an Indian politician. He was elected to the Lok Sabha, lower house of the Parliament of India from Dum Dum in 1977 defeating Communist leader Indrajit Gupta. He was a Solicitor and Advocate and practiced in the Calcutta High Court. He was arrested under Maintenance of Internal Security Act during Emergency. He was elected to the West Bengal legislative assembly from Barasat constituency in 1962 defeating Forward Bloc leader Chitta Basu.

Maintenance of Internal Security Act
The Maintenance of Internal Security Act (MISA) was a controversial law passed by the Indian parliament in 1971, giving the administration of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and Indian law enforcement agencies very broad powers – indefinite preventive detention of individuals, search and seizure of property without warrants, and wiretapping – in the quelling of civil and political disorder in India, as well as countering foreign-inspired sabotage, terrorism, subterfuge and threats to national security. The law was amended several times during the subsequently declared national emergency (1975–1977) and used for quelling political dissent. Finally, it was repealed in 1977, when Indira Gandhi lost the 1977 Indian general election and the Janata Party came to power.
Topola Królewska
Topola Królewska [tɔˈpɔla kruˈlɛfska] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łęczyca, within Łęczyca County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) north of Łęczyca and 38 km (24 mi) north-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Łęczyca
Łęczyca (pronounced [wɛnˈt͡ʂɨt͡sa]; in full the Royal Town of Łęczyca, Polish: Królewskie Miasto Łęczyca; German: Lentschitza; Yiddish: לונטשיץ, romanized: Lintshits, Luntshits) is a town of 13,587 inhabitants in central Poland. Situated in the Łódź Voivodeship, it is the county seat of the Łęczyca County. Łęczyca is a capital of the historical Łęczyca Land.
EOTech
EOTECH is an American company that designs, manufactures, and markets electro-optic and night vision products and systems. The company is headquartered in Plymouth, Michigan.

They produce holographic weapon sights for small arms that have been adopted by various military and law enforcement agencies as close quarters battle firearm sights.

They also have roots in the Environmental Research Institute of Michigan (ERIM), a not-for-profit R&D institute.  Of the many inventions by ERIM researchers, some were in the fields of synthetic aperture radar, laser holography, and aircraft head-up displays.

Close-quarters battle
Close-quarters battle (CQB), also called close-quarters combat (CQC), is a close combat situation between multiple combatants involving ranged (typically firearm-based) or melee combat. It can occur between military units, law enforcement and criminal elements, and in other similar situations. CQB is typically defined as a short duration, high intensity conflict characterized by sudden violence at close range.
James Trimble (Canadian politician)
James Trimble (c. 1817 – January 1, 1885) was an Irish-born physician and political figure in British Columbia, Canada. He represented Victoria City in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia from 1871 to 1878.

He was born in County Tyrone. Trimble was a surgeon in the British Army until 1849 when he went to California. He arrived in Victoria, British Columbia in 1858 and served as medical supervisor for the Royal Hospital there. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Vancouver Island. Trimble was the first Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia, serving from 1872 to 1878. He was mayor of Victoria from 1868 to 1870.

Legislative Assembly of British Columbia
The Legislative Assembly of British Columbia (French: Assemblée législative de la Colombie-Britannique) is the deliberative assembly of the Legislature of British Columbia, in the province of British Columbia, Canada. The legislature also includes the lieutenant governor of British Columbia. The assembly has 93 elected members and meets in Victoria. Members are elected from provincial ridings and are referred to as members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs). Bills passed by the assembly are given royal assent by the lieutenant governor in the name of the King of Canada.

The current legislature is the 43rd Parliament. The most recent general election was held on October 19, 2024. Proceedings of the Legislative Assembly are broadcast by Hansard Broadcasting Services.
Kishen Singh (explorer)
Rai Bahadur Kishen Singh or Krishna (c. 1850–1921) was a native Indian explorer, termed a pundit by the British, who was employed by the Survey of India. His code-name was 'A.K.' and his accomplishments would rival those of his famous cousin Nain Singh (code-named 'The Pundit').

Lhasa
Lhasa, officially the Chengguan District of Lhasa City, is the inner urban district of Lhasa City, Tibet Autonomous Region, Southwestern China.

Lhasa is the second most populous urban area on the Tibetan Plateau after Xining and, at an altitude of 3,656 metres (11,990 ft), Lhasa is one of the highest cities in the world. The city has been the religious and administrative capital of Tibet since the mid-17th century. It contains many culturally significant Tibetan Buddhist sites such as the Potala Palace, Jokhang Temple and Norbulingka Palaces. According to the census, the total resident population of the city by the end of 2024 will be 876,400.
Patrick Botterman
Patrick Botterman (1964-2008) was an elected Harper College trustee and Wheeling Township Committeeman of the Cook County Democratic Party. He also managed campaigns for Democratic candidates. He lived in Arlington Heights.

Arlington Heights, Illinois
Arlington Heights is a village in Cook County, Illinois, United States. A northwestern suburb of Chicago, it lies about 25 miles (40 km) northwest of the city's downtown. As of the 2020 census, the village's population was 77,676, making it the 15th-most populous municipality in Illinois.

Arlington Heights is known for the former Arlington Park Race Track, home of the Arlington Million, a Breeders' Cup qualifying event; it also hosted the Breeders' Cup World Thoroughbred Championships in 2002.
1937 in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1937.

Burrow
A burrow is a hole or tunnel excavated into the ground by an animal to construct a space suitable for habitation or temporary refuge, or as a byproduct of locomotion. Burrows provide a form of shelter against predation and exposure to the elements, and can be found in nearly every biome and among various biological interaction types, including symbiosis and competition. Many animal species are known to form burrows. These species range from small amphipods, to very large vertebrate species such as the polar bear. Burrows can be constructed into a wide variety of substrates and can range in complexity from a simple tube a few centimeters long to a complex network of interconnecting tunnels and chambers hundreds or thousands of meters in total length; an example of the latter level of complexity, a well-developed burrow, would be a rabbit warren.
Aniversário do Tatu
Aniversário do Tatu (transl. Birthday of the Armadillo) is the debut studio album by Brazilian music duo Sandy & Junior, released by Philips and PolyGram on 1991. The album has a sertanejo-influenced sound and was produced by the father of the duo, the singer Xororó. Its release took place in the TV series Domingão do Faustão, of Rede Globo.

The title of the album refers to a joke with the social relations between the animals of the forest and its themes allude to the harmony of nature and the teachings that the life in the field propitiates. The biggest hits of the album were "Aniversário do Tatu" and "Maria Chiquinha" (a re-reading of the song originally released by Sonia Mamed and Evaldo Gouveia in 1961).

The album was certified gold by the Pro-Música Brasil for sales of over 100,000 copies. According to Época magazine, the album sold 230,000 copies, while Quem magazine claims that the album reached 300,000 copies sold.

Época (Brazilian magazine)
Época (Brazilian Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈɛpokɐ]; lit. 'Era') is a Brazilian weekly news and analysis magazine. The magazine was started in May 1998. It is published by Editora Globo, part of the Grupo Globo media conglomerate. Época's style is based on the German magazine Focus, emphasizing the use of images and graphics, and even their logos share some similarities.
The Best Bad Man
The Best Bad Man is a 1925 American silent Western film directed by John G. Blystone and written by Lillie Hayward. The film stars Tom Mix, Buster Gardner, Cyril Chadwick, Clara Bow, Tom Kennedy, and Frank Beal. The film was released on November 29, 1925, by Fox Film Corporation.

John G. Blystone
John G. Blystone (December 2, 1892 – August 6, 1938) was an American film director. He directed 100 films between 1915 and 1938, his last films being two Laurel  and Hardy feature length comedies,  the second of which (Block-Heads) was released 13 days after his death from a heart attack, aged 45. His grave is located at Valhalla Memorial Park Cemetery.
Fork Union Military Academy
Fork Union Military Academy (abbreviated as FUMA) is a private, all-male, college preparatory Christian military boarding school located in Fork Union, Virginia. It was founded in 1898.

Fork Union is a member of the Association of Military Colleges and Schools of the United States and the National Association of Independent Schools and is affiliated with the Baptist General Association of Virginia. FUMA's curriculum extends from the 7th to 12th grade and hosts a one-year postgraduate program.

2017 NFL draft
The 2017 NFL draft was the 82nd annual meeting of National Football League (NFL) franchises to select newly eligible American football players. It was held in front of the Philadelphia Museum of Art on April 27–29, returning to Philadelphia for the first time since 1961.

The player selections were announced from an outdoor theater built on the Rocky Steps, marking the first time an entire NFL draft was held outdoors. The NFL announced that the draft was the most attended in history, with more than 250,000 people present. Starting with this draft, compensatory picks could be traded. The record for most trades made during an NFL draft was set this year at 37, surpassing the 34 trades made in the 2008 NFL draft. The number of trades was surpassed in 2019, when 40 trades were made.
Nepal Janabhavana Party
Nepal Janabhavana Party is a political party in Nepal. The party is registered with the Election Commission of Nepal ahead of the 2008 Constituent Assembly election.

The main goals of the party are equal opportunities, pensions for farmers and making Nepal into a democratic republic.

Election Commission (Nepal)
The Election Commission, Nepal (Nepali: निर्वाचन आयोग, नेपाल; Nirvācana āyōg, Nēpāl) is a constitutional body responsible for conducting and monitoring elections, as well as registering parties and candidates and reporting election outcomes, in Nepal. It was born out of the 1950 revolution in Nepal, and was established in law in 1951, although it has been changed somewhat by law over time. It has six members who serve for six-year terms, as established by the Constitution of Nepal. During the Constituent Assembly elections in 2008, it was criticized for not fully upholding its duties, but was acknowledged to have managed the elections well nonetheless.

The first election commissioner was Subarna Shamsher Rana in 1951.
Flexcombe
Flexcombe is a two housed place in the civil parish of Liss, in the East Hampshire district of Hampshire, England. The hamlet is situated in the South Downs National Park, just off the A3 bypass near Petersfield. Its nearest town is Petersfield, which lies approximately 3.3 miles (4.9 km) south-west from the hamlet. Although, it lies closer to Liss.

Liss, Hampshire
Liss (previously spelt Lys or Lyss) is a village and civil parish in the East Hampshire district of Hampshire, 3.3 miles (5.3 km) north-east of Petersfield, on the A3 road, on the West Sussex border. It covers 3,567 acres (14 km2) of semi-rural countryside in the South Downs National Park. Liss railway station is on the Portsmouth Direct line. The village comprises an old village at West Liss and a modern village round the 19th-century station. They are divided by the River Rother. Suburbs later spread towards Liss Forest.
181st Battalion (Brandon), CEF
The 181st Battalion (Brandon), CEF was a unit in the Canadian Expeditionary Force during World War I.

Based in Brandon, Manitoba, the unit began recruiting during the winter of 1915, 1916 and 1917 in that city and the surrounding district.  The 181st CEF Battalion embarked on H.M.T. Grampian in Halifax on 16 April 1917. After sailing to Liverpool in England on 29 April 1917, the battalion was absorbed into the 18th Reserve Battalion on 29 April 1917 and was stationed in Dibgate Camp, Shorncliffe, England.

The 181st Battalion, CEF had one Officer Commanding: Lieut-Col. David Wilson Beaubier.

The 181st Battalion is perpetuated by the 26th Field Artillery Regiment, Royal Canadian Artillery.

Canadian Expeditionary Force
The Canadian Expeditionary Force (CEF; French: Corps expéditionnaire canadien) was the expeditionary field force of Canada during the First World War. It was formed on August 15, 1914, following Britain’s declaration of war on the German Empire, with an initial strength of one infantry division. The division subsequently fought at Ypres on the Western Front, with a newly raised second division reinforcing the committed units to form the Canadian Corps. The CEF and corps was eventually expanded to four infantry divisions, which were all committed to the fighting in France and Belgium along the Western Front. A fifth division was partially raised in 1917, but was broken up in 1918 and used as reinforcements following heavy casualties.
Oenotrus
In Greek mythology, Oenotrus (Ancient Greek: Οἴνωτρος, romanized: Oínōtros) was the youngest of fifty sons of Lycaon from Arcadia. Together with his brother Peucetius (Πευκέτιος), he migrated to the Italian Peninsula, dissatisfied because of the division of Peloponnesus among the fifty brothers by their father Lycaon. According to the Greek and Roman traditions, this was the first expedition dispatched from Greece to found a colony, long before the Trojan War. He was the likely eponym of Oenotria (Οἰνωτρία), giving his name to the Italian peninsula, especially the Southern Pass (modern Calabria).

Italian Peninsula
The Italian Peninsula (Italian: penisola italica or penisola italiana) is located within the Italian geographical region; it extends from the southern Alps in the north to the central Mediterranean Sea in the south which comprises much of the country of Italy and the enclaved microstates of San Marino and Vatican City.
The peninsula is also known as the Italic Peninsula, Apennine Peninsula, Italian Boot, or Mainland Italy.
Light rail in New Jersey
Light rail in New Jersey is provided by NJ Transit, a state-owned corporation which also provides bus and commuter rail services. In 2024, the light rail system had a ridership of 22,215,800. Light rail, among other forms of transit, is a major part of the state's Smart Growth policy.

North Bergen, New Jersey
North Bergen is a township in the northern part of Hudson County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 63,361, an increase of 2,588 (+4.3%) from the 2010 census count of 60,773, which in turn reflected an increase of 2,681 (+4.6%) from the 58,092 counted in the 2000 census. The township was incorporated in 1843. It was much diminished in territory by a series of secessions. Situated on the Hudson Palisades, it is one of the hilliest municipalities in the United States. Like neighboring North Hudson communities, North Bergen is among those places in the nation with the highest population density.
Crest Secondary School
Crest Secondary School is a specialised school exclusively for Normal Technical (NT) students in Singapore. It offered both academic and vocational learning for students. It commenced its first year of operation in January 2013.

The school engages the NT students through a curriculum that largely integrates the academic learning often experienced in mainstream schools as well as the vocational training done in Singapore's Institute of Technical Education (ITE).

Institute of Technical Education
The Institute of Technical Education (ITE) is a post-secondary education institution and statutory board under the purview of the Ministry of Education in Singapore.

Established by the Ministry of Education, it was formerly known as Vocational and Industrial Training Board (VITB). ITE has three colleges, ITE College Central, ITE College East and ITE College West. It offers the Higher NITEC, Technical Diploma and Work-Study Diploma.

Apart from providing vocational education to secondary school graduates, ITE offers apprenticeships for the skilled trades and diplomas in vocational education for skilled technicians and workers in support roles in professions such as accountancy, architecture, business administration, engineering and nursing.
Thomas Quinn (MP)
Thomas Quinn (1838 – 3 November 1897) was an Irish nationalist politician and a successful builder in London.  A member of the Irish Parliamentary Party, he was Member of Parliament (MP) for Kilkenny City from 1886 to 1892 and Treasurer of the Irish National League and the Irish Land League of Great Britain.

In the Split in the Irish Parliamentary Party over the leadership of Charles Stewart Parnell, he began as a supporter of Parnell but changed allegiance to the Anti-Parnellite majority in May 1891.

Kilkenny City (UK Parliament constituency)
Kilkenny City was an Irish borough constituency in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, returning one Member of Parliament (MP). It was an original constituency represented in Parliament when the Union of Great Britain and Ireland took effect on 1 January 1801, and remained in existence until its abolition at the 1918 general election.
Arthur Huddleston
Sir Arthur James Croft Huddleston CMG OBE (6 July 1880 – 18 February 1948) was a British colonial civil servant.

Huddleston was born at Cambridge.  He was the son of Tristram Frederick Croft Huddleston and his wife Bessie, daughter of Rev. J. Chataway.  He was educated at Eton and King's College, Cambridge, where his father had been a fellow.

He was governor of Khartoum Province, 1920–22 and Blue Nile Province 1922–27.  He was then Financial Secretary in the Sudanese Government, 1928–31; and its Economic Adviser, 1931–32.  He was Director of the Royal Technical College, Glasgow, from 1933 to 1945.

He was appointed OBE in 1919, CMG in 1927 and Knight Bachelor in 1933.

Blue Nile State
Blue Nile State (Arabic: ولاية النيل الأزرق Wilāyat an-Nīl al-ʾAzraq) is one of the 18 states of the Republic of the Sudan. Established by Presidential Decree No. 3 in 1992, it is named after the Blue Nile River. The region is host to around forty different ethnic groups. Its economic activity is based on agriculture and livestock as well as mineral exploitation.
Debrecen Neological Synagogue
The Debrecen Neological Synagogue is a former Neolog Jewish synagogue that was located on Deák Ferenc Street in Debrecen, Hungary. Completed in 1896, the building was used a synagogue until World War II. After damage during the war, restoration began in 1949; however the building was demolished in the 1960s following a fire.

Debrecen
Debrecen (/ˈdɛbrətsɛn/ DEB-rət-sen; Hungarian: [ˈdɛbrɛt͡sɛn] ⓘ; German: Debrezin [ˈdɛbʁɛt͡siːn] ⓘ; Slovak: Debrecín [ˈɟɛbrɛt͡siːn] Romanian: Debrețin) is Hungary's second-largest city, after Budapest, the regional centre of the Northern Great Plain region and the seat of Hajdú-Bihar County. A city with county rights, it was the largest Hungarian city in the 18th century and it is one of the Hungarian people's most important cultural centres. Debrecen was also the capital city of Hungary during the revolution in 1848–1849. During the revolution, the dethronement of the Habsburg dynasty was declared in the Reformed Great Church. The city also served as the capital of Hungary by the end of World War II in 1944–1945. It is home to the University of Debrecen.
M2 half-track car
The M2 half-track car was an armored half-track produced by the United States during World War II. Its design drew upon half-tracks imported from France in the 1930s, employing standard components supplied by U.S. truck manufacturers to speed production and reduce costs. The concept was designed, and the pilot models manufactured by the Firestone Tire and Rubber Company (before the prototype was officially labeled M2.) Production by the White Motor Company began in 1940 and was expanded to include Autocar.

The M2  was initially intended for use as an artillery tractor, but also found use with reconnaissance units. International Harvester Company built the M9 half-track, a variant of their M5 half track, to fulfill the same purpose. It saw wide use in World War II, chiefly by the United States, but also by its allies. A few legacy units were used in the Nicaraguan Revolution.

Firestone Tire and Rubber Company
Firestone Tire and Rubber Company is an American tire manufacturer based in Nashville, Tennessee. It was founded in 1900 by Harvey S. Firestone in Akron, Ohio, originally producing solid rubber side-wire tires for fire apparatus. The company later expanded to manufacture pneumatic tires for wagons, carriages, and other wheeled vehicles of the time.

Recognizing the emerging market for automobile tires, Firestone was a pioneer in the mass production of tires. Harvey Firestone's close relationship with Henry Ford helped establish Firestone as the original equipment supplier for Ford Motor Company vehicles, while also maintaining a strong presence in the replacement tire market. In 1988, Firestone was acquired by the Japanese tire manufacturer Bridgestone, and the brand now operates as part of Bridgestone Americas, Inc.