hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gord Broseker
Gord Broseker (born July 8, 1950, in Baltimore, Maryland) is a retired National Hockey League linesman. His career started in 1973 and ended in 2002.  During his career, he officiated nine Stanley Cup finals, 1,863 regular season games, 227 playoff games, and two All-Star games. He also worked five Canada cup finals, the 1996 World Cup of Hockey, and the 1998 Nagano Olympics, including the bronze medal game. His career included the 1987 game between the Devils and the Calgary Flames which played before only 334 fans due to a snowstorm. From the 1994-95 season until his retirement, he wore uniform number 55. His linesman jersey was sold at auction.

After his retirement he worked as the director of officiating .

Official (ice hockey)
In ice hockey, an official is a person who has some responsibility for enforcing the rules and maintaining the order of the game. There are two categories of officials, on-ice officials, who are the referees and linesmen that enforce the rules during gameplay, and off-ice officials, who have an administrative role rather than an enforcement role.
One Day (Caro Emerald song)
One Day is a song by Caro Emerald. The song was released as a Digital download on 13 September 2013 in the Benelux as third single from the album The Shocking Miss Emerald. The single was on BBC Radio 2's playlist in the 'A' list.
In Flanders (Belgium) the single peaked No25 in Ultratop 50 tipparade. In South Korea the single peaked No152 in the weekly chart (Gaon chart).

The Shocking Miss Emerald
The Shocking Miss Emerald is the second studio album by Caro Emerald.  The album was written and produced by David Schreurs, Vincent Degiorgio, Jan van Wieringen and Emerald, with contributions from Wieger Hoogendorp, Robin Veldman and Guy Chambers and released on 3 May 2013 on Grandmono Records. In the UK, the album was released by Dramatico. The album includes singles "Tangled Up" and "Liquid Lunch".

In the UK, Emerald performed tracks from the album at BBC Radio Theatre, which was broadcast on BBC Radio 2 and on the BBC Red Button. The Shocking Miss Emerald debuted atop the UK Albums Chart with 34,246 copies sold in its first week, becoming Emerald's first UK number-one album.
Dov Schperling
Dov Schperling (Hebrew: דב שפרלינג, or Boris Shperling; 17 December 1937 – 5 Mar 2014) was a Zionist activist and leader who was amongst the first Jews to immigrate from the Soviet Union to Israel. He began his Zionist advocacy during the reign of the communists in the Soviet Union, when such  activity was illegal, and as a consequence was imprisoned in a Russian gulag for two years. After his released, he emigrated to Israel, there he continued his struggle for the freedom of Soviet Jews. He was a member of the Herut right wing party and was a delegate of the Jewish Agency to Austria.

Geulah Cohen
Geulah Cohen (Hebrew: גאולה כהן; 
25 December 1925 – 18 December 2019) was an Israeli politician and activist who founded the Tehiya party. She won the Israel Prize in 2003. Between 1974 and 1992, she served as a member of Knesset, initially for Likud. She changed her political affiliation to Tehiya in 1979. In 1992, she lost her seat in the Knesset.
Vogtei (Verwaltungsgemeinschaft)
Vogtei is a former municipal association (Verwaltungsgemeinschaft) in the district Unstrut-Hainich-Kreis in Thuringia, Germany. The seat of the association was in Oberdorla. It was disbanded on 31 December 2012.

The Verwaltungsgemeinschaft Vogtei consisted of five municipalities:
Oberdorla, 
Kammerforst, 
Langula, 
Niederdorla, and 
Oppershausen.

51°09′59″N 10°25′10″E﻿ / ﻿51.16639°N 10.41944°E﻿ / 51.16639; 10.41944

Niederdorla
Niederdorla (German pronunciation: [ˈniːdɐˌdɔʁla], lit. 'Lower Dorla', in contrast to "Upper Dorla") is a village and a former municipality in the Unstrut-Hainich-Kreis district of Thuringia, Germany. One of the possible geographical centres of Germany is within its area. The nearest city is Erfurt, which also is the capital city of Thuringia. Since 31 December 2012, it has been part of the municipality of Vogtei.
Cone condition
In mathematics, the cone condition is a property which may be satisfied by a subset of a Euclidean space. Informally, it requires that for each point in the subset a cone with vertex in that point must be contained in the subset itself, and so the subset is "non-flat".

Subset
In mathematics, a set A is a subset of a set B if and only if all elements of A are also elements of B; B is then a superset of A. It is possible for A and B to be equal; if they are unequal, then A is a proper subset of B. The relationship of one set being a subset of another is called inclusion (or sometimes containment). A is a subset of B may also be expressed as B includes (or contains) A or A is included (or contained) in B. A k-subset is a subset with k elements.

When quantified,  is represented as

One can prove the statement  by applying a proof technique known as the element argument:

Let sets A and B be given. To prove that 
suppose that a is a particular but arbitrarily chosen element of A
show that a is an element of B.

The validity of this technique can be seen as a consequence of universal generalization: the technique shows  for an arbitrarily chosen element c. Universal generalisation then implies  which is equivalent to  as stated above.
Joseph Scelsi
Joseph Salvatore Scelsi (June 4, 1915 – April 1, 2002) was an American politician.

Born in Pittsfield, Massachusetts, Scelsi graduated from Pittsfield High School in 1934. He worked as the foreman for the Railway Express Agency for thirty-six years retiring in 1971. Scelsi served on the Pittsfield City Council from 1958 until 1971 and was president of the city council. Scelsi was involved with the Democratic Party. From 1973 until 1983, Scelsi served in the Massachusetts House of Representatives. Scelsi died in Pittsfield, Massachusetts. The Joseph Scelsi Intermodal Transportation Center in Pittsfield was named after Scelsi in 2004.

Pittsfield, Massachusetts
Pittsfield is the most populous city in and the county seat of Berkshire County, Massachusetts, United States. It is the principal city of the Pittsfield, Massachusetts Metropolitan Statistical Area which encompasses Berkshire County. Pittsfield’s population was 43,927 at the 2020 census. Although its population has declined in recent decades, Pittsfield remains the third-largest municipality in Western Massachusetts, behind only Springfield and Chicopee.

In 2017, the Arts Vibrancy Index compiled by the National Center for Arts Research ranked Pittsfield and Berkshire County as the number-one medium-sized community in the nation for the arts.
Nash–Moser theorem
In the mathematical field of analysis, the Nash–Moser theorem, discovered by mathematician John Forbes Nash and named for him and Jürgen Moser, is a generalization of the inverse function theorem on Banach spaces to settings when the required solution mapping for the linearized problem is not bounded.

In contrast to the Banach space case, in which the invertibility of the derivative at a point is sufficient for a map to be locally invertible, the Nash–Moser theorem requires the derivative to be invertible in a neighborhood. The theorem is widely used to prove local existence for non-linear partial differential equations in spaces of smooth functions. It is particularly useful when the inverse to the derivative "loses" derivatives, and therefore the Banach space implicit function theorem cannot be used.

Neighbourhood (mathematics)
In topology and related areas of mathematics, a neighbourhood (or neighborhood) is one of the basic concepts in a topological space. It is closely related to the concepts of open set and interior. Intuitively speaking, a neighbourhood of a point is a set of points containing that point where one can move some amount in any direction away from that point without leaving the set.
Land of the Free (song)
"Land of the Free" is a song by American hip hop recording artist Joey Bada$$. It was released on January 20, 2017, by Pro Era and Cinematic Music Group, as the second single from his second studio album, ALL-AMERIKKKAN BADA$$. The song was produced by Kirk Knight and Adam Pallin.

Adam Pallin
Adam Pallin, also known by his stage name 1-900, is an American record producer, songwriter and multi-instrumentalist. He was the producer/programmer half of the pop duo Little Jackie with Imani Coppola. His production and songwriting often blend quirky, vintage aesthetic with cleverly crafted pop.

In 2013, he teamed up with Zoe Silverman to form ASTR, releasing debut EP Varsity on Neon Gold.
Compound of two snub cubes
This uniform polyhedron compound is a composition of the 2 enantiomers of the snub cube. As a holosnub, it is represented by Schläfli symbol βr{4,3} and Coxeter diagram .

The vertex arrangement of this compound is shared by a convex nonuniform truncated cuboctahedron, having rectangular faces, alongside irregular hexagons and octagons, each alternating with two edge lengths.

Together with its convex hull, it represents the snub cube-first projection of the nonuniform snub cubic antiprism.

Schläfli symbol
In geometry, the Schläfli symbol is a notation of the form {p,q,r, ...}  that defines regular polytopes and tessellations.

The Schläfli symbol is named after the 19th-century Swiss mathematician Ludwig Schläfli, who generalized Euclidean geometry to more than three dimensions and discovered all their convex regular polytopes, including the six that occur in four dimensions.
West Virginia Route 103
West Virginia Route 103 is an east-west state highway located in McDowell County, West Virginia. The eastern terminus of the route is at West Virginia Route 161 southwest of Pageton. The western terminus is at U.S. Route 52 and West Virginia Route 16 in southern Welch.

WV 103 was formerly part of West Virginia Route 102, which previously reentered West Virginia from Tazewell County, Virginia.  WV 102 ran along the route of County Route 84, WV 161, and WV 103 into Welch.  Sometime between 1976 and 1980, the western section of WV 102 was eliminated and WV 103 gained its current number.

Tazewell County, Virginia
Tazewell County (/ˈtæzwɛl/) is a county located in the southwestern portion of Virginia, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 40,429. Its county seat is Tazewell.

Tazewell County is part of the Bluefield, WV-VA Micropolitan Statistical Area. Its economy was dependent on coal and iron of the Pocahontas Fields from the late 19th into the 20th century.
Geophysical global cooling
Before the concept of plate tectonics, global cooling was a geophysical theory by James Dwight Dana, also referred to as the contracting earth theory.  It suggested that the Earth had been in a molten state, and features such as mountains formed as it cooled and shrank.  As the interior of the Earth cooled and shrank, the rigid crust would have to shrink and crumple.  The crumpling could produce features such as mountain ranges.

James Dwight Dana
James Dwight Dana FRS FRSE (February 12, 1813 – April 14, 1895) was an American geologist, mineralogist, volcanologist, and zoologist. He made pioneering studies of mountain-building, volcanic activity, and the origin and structure of continents and oceans around the world.

His zoological author abbreviation is Dana.
Songs (Stan Brakhage cycle)
The Songs are a cycle of silent color 8mm films by the American experimental filmmaker Stan Brakhage produced from 1964 to 1969. They are seen as one of Brakhage's major works  and include the feature-length 23rd Psalm Branch, considered by some to be one of the filmmaker's masterworks and described by film historian P. Adams Sitney as "an apocalypse of imagination." One of the filmmaker's most overtly political films, 23rd Psalm Branch is often interpreted as being Brakhage's reaction to the Vietnam War.

16 mm film
16 mm film is a historically popular and economical gauge of film. 16 mm refers to the width of the film (about 2⁄3 inch); other common film gauges include 8 mm and 35 mm. It is generally used for non-theatrical (e.g., industrial, educational, television) film-making, or for low-budget motion pictures. It also existed as a popular amateur or home movie-making format for several decades, alongside 8 mm film and later Super 8 film. Eastman Kodak released the first 16 mm "outfit" in 1923, consisting of a Ciné-Kodak camera, Kodascope projector, tripod, screen and splicer, for US$335 (equivalent to US$6,330 in 2025).: 334  RCA-Victor introduced a 16 mm sound movie projector in 1932, and developed an optical sound-on-film 16 mm camera, released in 1935.: 231
Referential bid
A referential bid is a bid or tender for the purchase or supply of goods or services whose value is stated by reference to the bids or tenders received from competitors (if any), e.g. "such a sum as will exceed by £200 the amount ... offered ... by any other proposing purchaser". Case law in various jurisdictions (see below) has generally ruled that referential bids frustrate the purpose of sealed competitive bidding and are therefore unfair.

English law
English law is the common law legal system of England and Wales, comprising mainly criminal law and civil law, each branch having its own courts and procedures. The judiciary is independent, and legal principles like fairness, equality before the law, and the right to a fair trial are foundational to the system.
Wound dehiscence
Wound dehiscence is a surgical complication in which a wound ruptures along a surgical incision.  Risk factors include age, collagen disorder such as Ehlers–Danlos syndrome, diabetes, obesity, poor knotting or grabbing of stitches, and trauma to the wound after surgery.

Corticosteroid
Corticosteroids are a class of steroid hormones that are produced in the adrenal cortex of vertebrates, and also their synthetic analogues. The two main classes of corticosteroids – glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids – are involved in a wide range of physiological processes, including stress response, immune response, and regulation of inflammation, carbohydrate metabolism, protein catabolism, blood electrolyte levels, and behavior.

Some common naturally occurring steroid hormones are cortisol (C21H30O5), corticosterone (C21H30O4), cortisone (C21H28O5) and aldosterone (C21H28O5) (cortisone and aldosterone are isomers). The main corticosteroids produced by the adrenal cortex are cortisol and aldosterone.
Jane Brierley
Jane Brierley (born 1935) is a Canadian translator, translating from French to English.

She received a B.A. from Bishop's University in 1956. During the early 1960s, while her husband was completing a degree at the University of Paris, Brierley moved to Paris where she worked at an ad agency. On her return to Quebec, she earned a M.A. from McGill University in 1982 based on translating works by Philippe-Joseph Aubert de Gaspé into English. Brierley also worked for the Montreal bureau of The Globe and Mail as an editorial translator. She has served as president of the Literary Translators' Association of Canada.

Brierley has translated books on philosophy, history and biography, children's literature and science fiction. She has won the Governor General's Award for French to English translation twice as well as appearing on the short list several more times.

Philippe-Joseph Aubert de Gaspé
Philippe-Joseph Aubert de Gaspé (French pronunciation: [filip ʒozɛf obɛʁ də ɡaspe]; 30 October 1786 – 29 January 1871) was a Canadian lawyer, writer, and seigneur. He is known chiefly for his novel Les Anciens Canadiens (translated as The Canadians of Old, 1864), considered the first classic of French Canadian fiction.
Winston Vallenilla
Winston Vallenilla (born Winston Teofilactes Vallenilla Hazell;  September 22, 1973) is a Venezuelan television host and actor. Vallenilla is President of TVes  (Televisora Venezolana Social), a Venezuelan television station managed by a foundation associated with the Venezuelan Ministry of Communications and Information. He is known and fiercely criticized for his political views and support of Chavismo.  He was defeated as the 2013 PSUV candidate for mayor in the municipality of Baruta.

TVes
TVES is a Venezuelan public television channel. Its name is short for Televisora Venezolana Social (Venezuelan Social Television) and is pronounced "te ves" [ˈte ˈβes], meaning you see yourself. It replaced the signal of Radio Caracas Televisión on Channel 2 on 28 May 2007, and began broadcasting at 12:20 a.m. local time (04:20 UTC). The Venezuelan government had refused to renew RCTV's broadcasting license and instead determined to create a new channel from part of RCTV's infrastructure. The new channel, in contrast with RCTV, is public-owned. According to the government, TVes aims to portray the identity of Venezuelans, hence the pronunciation of the station's name meaning you see yourself.
August Laur
August Laur (9 October 1886 Vana-Põltsamaa Parish (now Põltsamaa Parish), Kreis Fellin – 8 September 1942 Sosva camp, Sverdlovsk Oblast) was an Estonian politician. He was a member of III, IV and V Riigikogu.

Laur was arrested in 1941 by the NKVD following the Soviet occupation of Estonia. He was executed by gunshot in prison custody in Sverdlovsk Oblast.

3rd Riigikogu
The 3rd Riigikogu was the third legislature of the Estonian Parliament (Riigikogu). The legislature was elected after 1926 elections (held on 15–17 May 1926). It sat between 15 June 1926 and 14 June 1929, before the next round of elections were held.
Right to Work laws in the UK
In the United Kingdom all employers are required by law to check that their employees have the right to work in the UK. The British government's website states that "You must check that a job applicant is allowed to work for you in the UK before you employ them."

A complete guide to the combination of documents accepted as right-to-work documents and how to check them can be found on the government website for Acceptable right to work documents. The correct document combinations depend on the potential employee themselves, but include these documents:

Passport

Biometric Residence Permit

National Identity Card

Full Birth Certificate

Certificate of Naturalisation

Passport with valid Visa inside.

It is the employer's responsibility to check the validity of the documents presented. Employers "must be in the physical possession of the original document or documents", although due to the coronavirus pandemic temporary changes have been made to the ways employers can check documents.

Birth certificate
A birth certificate is a vital record that documents the birth of a person. The term "birth certificate" can refer to either the original document certifying the circumstances of the birth or to a certified copy of or representation of the ensuing registration of that birth. Depending on the jurisdiction, a record of birth might or might not contain verification of the event by a healthcare professional such as a midwife or doctor.

The United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 17 of 2015, an integral part of the 2030 Agenda, has a target to increase the timely availability of data regarding age, gender, race, ethnicity, and other relevant characteristics which documents like a birth certificate have the capacity to provide.
Pierre Marchand
Pierre Marchand (born 1958) is a Canadian songwriter, musician and record producer.

Marchand is known for his ongoing collaboration with Sarah McLachlan, having produced all of her albums from Solace in 1991 through Wonderland in 2016. He also co-wrote several of McLachlan's singles, including "Building a Mystery", "Adia", "Into the Fire", and "Fumbling Towards Ecstasy".

Marchand has also worked with many other singer-songwriters, including Kate & Anna McGarrigle, Rufus Wainwright, Ron Sexsmith, Leigh Nash, Stevie Nicks, Daniel Lanois, The Devlins, Greg Keelor, Patty Larkin and Lhasa de Sela. He has been awarded the Juno Award for songwriting and producing, as well as a Felix Award for Producer of the Year.

In 2014, he translated several songs by Whitehorse into French for that band's EP Éphémère sans repère.

His recording studio Studio PM is located in Montreal.

Wonderland (Sarah McLachlan album)
Wonderland is the ninth studio album by Canadian singer-songwriter Sarah McLachlan, released on October 21, 2016 by Verve Records. It is McLachlan's second Christmas studio album, after 2006's Wintersong. The album received a nomination for Best Traditional Pop Vocal Album at the 60th Annual Grammy Awards.
Saint-Martinois Rally
The Saint-Martinois Rally (French: Rassemblement Saint-Martinois, RSM), formerly Movement for Justice and Prosperity (French: Mouvement pour la justice et la prospérité, MJP) from 2016 to 2021 and Movement for the Advancement of the People (French: Mouvement pour l'avancement du peuple, MAP) until 2016, is a Saint-Martinois political party, previously close to the Socialist Party until 2021 and now affiliated with the Democrats parliamentary group (part of the centrist Ensemble alliance).

The Democrats group
The Democrats group (French: Groupe Les Démocrates), known as the Democratic, MoDem and Independents group (French: Groupe démocrate, MoDem et indépendants) until 2024, is a parliamentary group in the National Assembly of France including representatives of the Democratic Movement (MoDem).

Formed following the 2017 legislative election, it is currently the fifth-largest group in the National Assembly.
Louisiana slimy salamander
The Louisiana slimy salamander (Plethodon kisatchie) is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae. It is endemic to the United States where it is only known from northern Louisiana and southern Arkansas. Its natural habitat is hardwood forests. Little is known about this species, but it appears to be common within its range with some populations likely impacted by deforestation.

Plethodontidae
Plethodontidae, or lungless salamanders, are a family of salamanders. With over 500 species, lungless salamanders are by far the largest family of salamanders in terms of their diversity. Most species are native to the Western Hemisphere, from British Columbia to Brazil. Only two extant genera occur in the Eastern Hemisphere: Speleomantes (native to Sardinia and mainland Europe south of the Alps) and Karsenia (native to South Korea).
2017 Las Vegas shooting
On October 1, 2017, a mass shooting occurred when 64-year-old Stephen Paddock opened fire on the crowd attending the Route 91 Harvest music festival on the Las Vegas Strip in Nevada from his 32nd-floor suites in the Mandalay Bay hotel. He fired more than 1,000 rounds, killing 60 people and wounding at least 413 others. The ensuing panic brought the total number of injured to about 867. About an hour later, he was found dead in his room from a self-inflicted gunshot wound. The motive for the shooting is officially undetermined.

The incident is the deadliest mass shooting by a lone gunman in American history. It focused attention on firearms laws in the U.S., particularly with regard to bump stocks, which Paddock used to fire shots in rapid succession, at a rate similar to that of automatic firearms. Bump stocks were banned by the U.S. Justice Department in December 2018, but the ban was overturned by the Supreme Court in 2024.

Motive (law)
A motive is the cause that moves people to induce a certain action. In criminal law, motive in itself is not an element of any given crime; however, the legal system typically allows motive to be proven to make plausible the accused's reasons for committing a crime, at least when those motives may be obscure or hard to identify with. However, a motive is not required to reach a verdict. Motives are also used in other aspects of a specific case, for instance, when police are initially investigating.

The law technically distinguishes between motive and intent. "Intent" in criminal law is synonymous with mens rea ('guilty mind'), which means the mental state shows liability which is enforced by law as an element of a crime. "Motive" describes instead the reasons in the accused's background and station in life that are supposed to have induced the crime. Motives are often broken down into three categories: biological, social and personal.