hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nancy Lee Swann
Nancy Lee Swann (b. 9 Feb 1881 Tyler, Texas; d. 15 May 1966 El Paso, Texas) was an American Sinologist and curator of the Gest Memorial Chinese Library at Princeton University from 1931 until her retirement in 1948. Her best known scholarly publication were Pan Chao: Foremost Woman Scholar of China, published by the American Historical Association in 1932 and Food and Money in Ancient China, an annotated scholarly translation of the economic chapters of the Han Shu, published by Princeton University Press in 1950.

Swann was likely the first woman to receive a PhD in Chinese history in the United States.

Sinology
Sinology, also referred to as China studies, is a subfield of area studies or East Asian studies involved in social sciences and humanities research on China. It is an academic discipline that focuses on the study of the Chinese civilization primarily through Chinese language, history, culture, literature, philosophy, art, music, cinema, and science. Its origin "may be traced to the examination which Chinese scholars made of their own civilization."

The academic field of sinology often refers to Western scholarship. Until the 20th century, it was historically seen as equivalent to philology concerning the Chinese classics and other literature written in the Chinese language. Since then, the scope of sinology has expanded to include Chinese history and palaeography, among other subjects.
Nakijin Chōyō
Nakijin Aji Chōyō (今帰仁 按司 朝容, 1582 – 1609) was a Ryukyuan lord (Aji) of Nakijin Castle. He was also known by his Chinese style name, Shō Kokushi (向 克祉).

Nakijin Chōyō was the second son of Nakijin Chōton (今帰仁 朝敦). After his elder brother Nakijin Chōkō (今帰仁 朝效) died without heir, he succeeded Warden of Hokuzan (北山監守, Hokuzan Kanshu) in 1596.

In the spring of 1609, Satsuma invaded Ryukyu. Satsuma troops landed in Kōri-jima (古宇利島) and Unten Port (運天港), then attacked Nakijin Castle. Soon the castle was captured, and Nakijin Chōyō was killed in the battle.

Ryukyu Kingdom
The Ryukyu Kingdom was a kingdom in the Ryukyu Islands from 1429 until 1872, when it was reorganized as the Ryukyu Domain, before being fully abolished in 1879. It was ruled as a tributary state of the Ming dynasty by the Ryukyuan monarchy, who unified Okinawa Island to end the Sanzan period, and subsequently extended the kingdom to the Amami Islands and Sakishima Islands. The Ryukyu Kingdom played a central role in the maritime trade networks of medieval East Asia and Southeast Asia despite its small size. The Ryukyu Kingdom became a vassal state of the Satsuma Domain of Japan after the invasion of Ryukyu in 1609 but retained de jure independence until it was transformed into the Ryukyu Domain by the Empire of Japan in 1872. The Ryukyu Domain was abolished by the Meiji government in 1879 and reorganized as Okinawa Prefecture, and the Ryukyuan monarchy was integrated into the new Japanese nobility.
Nganzai
NganzaiListenⓘ is a Local Government Area of Borno State in northeastern Nigeria. Nganzai LGA has an administrative headquarters in Gajiram town with the area council consisting communities and villages of Nganzai, Badu, Alarge, Damaram, Gadai, Kuda, Kurnawa, Maiwa, Miye, Sugundure, Gajiram and Sabsabuwa.

It's an Islamic region consisting of up to 90% Kanuri's and 10% others. It has a population of over 100,000 people who were displace by terrorist group of Boko Haram and later resettled by his Babagana Umara Zulum.

The region is rich in agriculture and other mineral resources.

Babagana Zulum
Babagana Umara Zulum CON mni (born 25 August 1969) is a Nigerian professor and politician who has served as governor of Borno State since 2019 under the platform of the All Progressives Congress (APC).
Penn Township, Centre County, Pennsylvania
Penn Township is a township in Centre County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is part of the State College, Pennsylvania Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 1,214 at the 2020 census. Poe Valley State Park is in Penn Township.

State College, Pennsylvania
State College is a borough and home rule municipality in Centre County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 40,501 at the 2020 census. It is a college town home to Penn State University Park, the main campus of the Pennsylvania State University.

State College is the largest borough in Pennsylvania by population. It is the principal borough of the six municipalities that make up the State College area, the largest settlement in Centre County, and one of the principal cities of the greater State College–DuBois combined statistical area which had 238,734 residents in 2020.
Pietro Pensa
Pietro Pensa (Esino Lario, 1906 – Bellano, 1996) was an Italian civil engineer and historian, who served as mayor of Esino Lario.

He contributed scholarly work about the history, culture and environment around Lake Como mainly featuring Valsassina, Lecco and Esino Lario.

Bellano
Bellano (Comasco: Belàan [beˈlãː]) is a comune (municipality) and small town on the eastern shore of Lake Como in the Province of Lecco in the Italian region Lombardy, located at northern outlet of the Valsassina.
2025 U.S. Open (badminton)
The 2025 U.S. Open (officially known as the Yonex US Open 2025 for sponsorship reasons) was a badminton tournament which took place at Council Bluffs, Iowa, United States, from 24 to 29 June 2025 and had a total purse of $240,000.

Council Bluffs, Iowa
Council Bluffs is a city in and the county seat of Pottawattamie County, Iowa, United States. Located on the east bank of the Missouri River, it sits across from Omaha, Nebraska. The city had a population of 62,799 at the 2020 census, making it the tenth-most populous city in Iowa and the largest in Southwest Iowa. Council Bluffs is also a principal city in the Omaha–Council Bluffs metropolitan area.

Until about 1853, Council Bluffs was known as Kanesville. Kanesville was the historic starting point of the Mormon Trail. Kanesville is also the northernmost anchor town of the other emigrant trails because there was a steam-powered boat which ferried the settlers' wagons and cattle across the Missouri River. In 1869, the first transcontinental railroad to California was connected to the existing U.S. rail network at Council Bluffs.
2016 ANA Inspiration
The 2016 ANA Inspiration was the 45th ANA Inspiration, held March 31 – April 3 at the Dinah Shore Tournament Course of Mission Hills Country Club in Rancho Mirage, California. It was its 34th year as a major championship. Golf Channel televised the event for the 6th consecutive year.

Lydia Ko won by one stroke over Chun In-gee and Charley Hull.

Women's major golf championships
Women's golf has a set of major championships, a series of tournaments designated to be of a higher status than other tournaments. Five tournaments are currently designated as 'majors' in women's golf by the LPGA.

The LPGA's list of majors has changed in constitution since the first major was held at the Women's Western Open in 1930. There have been four different periods, 1930 to 1972, 1973 to 2000, 2001 to 2013, and the current version which began in 2014. The current version of tournaments is the Chevron Championship, The Evian Championship, U.S. Women's Open, Women's PGA Championship, The Women's Open.
Lawrence Bathurst
Lawrence Charles Villebois Bathurst (4 June 1871 – 22 February 1939) was an English first-class cricketer active 1893–99 who played for Middlesex and Oxford University. He was born in Gressenhall, Norfolk; died in Bonchurch, Isle of Wight.

Bathurst served in the British Army during the Second Boer War. He volunteered for service in the Imperial Yeomanry, and was commissioned a lieutenant in the 30th battalion on 14 January 1902. The battalion left Southampton for South Africa four months later, and arrived in early May, shortly after conclusion of hostilities. They spent several months on regular patrol duties, and he left for home again with the battalion in December 1902, relinquishing his commission with the honorary rank of Lieutenant in the Army in February 1903.

Imperial Yeomanry
The Imperial Yeomanry was a mounted infantry formation of the British Army which served in the Second Boer War. Raised on 2 January 1900, the formation was initially recruited from the British middle class, but subsequent contingents were significantly more working class in their composition. The British Army's existing yeomanry regiments contributed only a small proportion of the total Imperial Yeomanry establishment. The formation was officially disbanded in 1908, with individual Yeomanry regiments incorporated into the new Territorial Force.
Left Behind (novel)
Left Behind: A Novel of the Earth's Last Days is a best-selling novel by Tim LaHaye and Jerry B. Jenkins that starts the Left Behind series. This book and others in the series give narrative form to a specific eschatological reading of the Christian Bible, particularly the Book of Revelation inspired by dispensationalism and premillennialism. It was released on Sunday, December 31, 1995. The events take place during the day of the Rapture and the two weeks following.

Great Tribulation
In Christian eschatology, the Great Tribulation (Ancient Greek: θλῖψις μεγάλη, romanized: thlîpsis megálē) is a period mentioned by Jesus in the Olivet Discourse as a sign that would occur in the time of the end.

At Revelation 7:14, "the Great Tribulation" (Ancient Greek: τῆς θλῑ́ψεως τῆς μεγάλης, romanized: tês thlī́pseōs tês megálēs, lit. 'the great tribulation') is used to indicate the period spoken of by Jesus. Matthew 24:21, 29 uses tribulation (θλίβω) in a context denoting afflictions of those hard-pressed by siege and the calamities of war.
Graham County
Graham County is the name of three counties in the United States:

Graham County, Arizona

Graham County, Kansas

Graham County, North Carolina

Graham County is the name of the USS GRAHAM COUNTY LST-1176.

USS Graham County
USS Graham County (LST-1176/AGP-1176) was a De Soto County-class tank landing ship built for the United States Navy during the late 1950s. Named after counties in Arizona, Kansas, and North Carolina, she was the only U.S. Naval vessel to bear the name.

Graham County was designed under project SCB 119 and laid down by Newport News Shipbuilding & Drydock Company of Newport News, Virginia 4 February 1957; launched 9 September; sponsored by Mrs. Ralph Otis Davis; and commissioned 17 April 1958.
KBFS
KBFS (1450 AM) is a radio station broadcasting a News Talk Information format. Licensed to Belle Fourche, South Dakota, United States, the station serves the Rapid City area. The station is currently owned by Andrea Wood, Matthew Wood, Ogden Driskill, and Tyler Lindholm, through licensee Tri State Communications, LLC.

Belle Fourche, South Dakota
Belle Fourche (/bɛlˈfuːʃ/; bel-FOOSH) is a city in and the county seat of Butte County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 5,617 at the 2020 census, and was estimated to be 5,855 in 2024, making it the 18th most populous city in South Dakota. It is near the geographic center of the United States, which moved some 550 miles (885 km) northwest from the geographic center of the contiguous United States in Lebanon, Kansas with the admission of Alaska and Hawaii in the mid-20th century.
Swetaparna Panda
Swetaparna Panda (born 29 June 2005) is an Indian badminton player. Hails from Odisha, she earlier trained at the Gopichand Badminton Academy at Hyderabad and currently trains with her sister and current doubles partner Rutaparna Panda at Cuttack.

Gopichand Badminton Academy
Pullela Gopichand Badminton Academy (PGBA) is a badminton training facility in Hyderabad, Telangana, India. Founded in 2004 by the 2001 All England Open Badminton champion Pullela Gopichand, the facility trains several badminton players such as Saina Nehwal, P. V. Sindhu, Srikanth Kidambi, Parupalli Kashyap, H.S. Prannoy, Sai Praneeth, Sameer Verma .
Fauna of Bhutan
The fauna of Bhutan refers to the animal species that live in Bhutan. Because of its unique geographical location and relatively well preserved natural environment, the fauna of Bhutan is the richest among Asian countries of comparable dimensions. There are an estimate of more than 160 mammal species.

In a narrow tropical and subtropical zone, located along the southern border of the Himalayas, the mammals include Asian elephant, Indian rhinoceros, gaur, Asian buffalo, hog deer, clouded leopard, binturong, barasingha, pygmy hog, bristly rabbit, endemic golden langur and the sloth bear and birds - hornbills and trogons. In these forests there are snakes, mosquitoes and many other insects.

Binturong
The binturong (Arctictis binturong) (/bɪnˈtjʊərɒŋ, ˈbɪntjʊrɒŋ/; bin-TURE-ong, BIN-ture-ong), also known as the bearcat, is a viverrid native to South and Southeast Asia. It is uncommon in much of its range, and has been assessed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List because of a declining population. It is estimated to have declined at least 30% since the mid-1980s. The binturong is the only species in the genus Arctictis.
Jeffery Hart Bent
Jeffery Hart Bent, occasionally known as Geoffrey Hart Bent (1781 – 29 June 1852) was the first judge in the colony of New South Wales and the first Australian judge to be removed from office.

Bent was born to MP Robert Bent. He attended Trinity College, Cambridge, graduating B.A. in 1804, and M.A. in 1807.  He was called to the bar of the Middle Temple in 1806. His older brother was Ellis Bent.

Bent was appointed Chief Justice of Grenada from 1820–1833 (where he was twice suspended), of St Lucia, 1833–1836, and of British Guiana from 1836 where he died (in Georgetown), on 29 June 1852.

Colony of New South Wales
The Colony of New South Wales was a colony of the British Empire from 1788 to 1901, when it became a State of the Commonwealth of Australia. At its greatest extent, the colony of New South Wales included the present-day Australian states of New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria, Tasmania, and South Australia, the Northern Territory as well as New Zealand.

The first responsible self-government of New South Wales was formed on 6 June 1856 with Sir Stuart Alexander Donaldson appointed by Governor Sir William Denison as its first Colonial Secretary.
Cephea
Cephea is a genus of true jellyfish in the family Cepheidae. They are found in the Indo-Pacific and eastern Atlantic oceans. They are sometimes called the crown jellyfish, but this can cause confusion with the closely related genus Netrostoma or the distantly related species in the order Coronatae. They are also sometimes called the cauliflower jellyfish because of the cauliflower-looking form on top of its bell.

Scyphozoa
The Scyphozoa are an exclusively marine class of the phylum Cnidaria, referred to as the true jellyfish (or "true jellies").

The class name Scyphozoa comes from the Greek word skyphos (σκύφος), denoting a kind of drinking cup and alluding to the cup shape of the organism.

Scyphozoans have existed from the earliest Cambrian to the present.
Arroz negro (Mexican cuisine)
Arroz negro ("black rice") is a Mexican dish made with rice, in which its dark color comes from black bean broth. The dark broth is made by cooking black beans with onion and butter in sufficient water. Rice is fried with garlic, then the bean broth is added, as well as epazote, serrano pepper, and salt. The rice is simmered until tender.

It should not be confused with Black rice as a variety of rice, rather than a recipe, such as Indonesian black rice, Philippine balatinaw rice, and Thai jasmine black rice, these have natural color while the Mexican Arroz negro obtains this color from the black bean broth.

Simmering
Simmering is a food preparation technique by which foods are cooked in hot liquids kept just below the boiling point of water (lower than 100 °C or 212 °F) and above poaching temperature (higher than 71–80 °C or 160–176 °F). To create a steady simmer, a liquid is brought to a boil, then its heat source is reduced to a lower, constant intensity (smaller flame on a gas stove, lower temperature on an induction/electric stove). Visually a liquid will show a little movement without approaching a rolling boil.
Old German Baptist Brethren
Christianity portal

The Old German Baptist Brethren (OGBB) is a Schwarzenau Brethren denomination of Anabaptist Christianity.

It emerged from a division among the Schwarzenau Brethren in 1881 and is aligned with Old Order Anabaptism. The Schwarzenau Brethren tradition has roots in Anabaptism, as well as in the Radical Pietist revival.

The Old German Baptist Brethren practices believer's baptism as the biblically valid form of baptism. It is also characterized by strict religious adherence with rejection of modern culture and modern assimilation. It teaches plain dress. It is one of several Schwarzenau Brethren groups that trace their roots to 1708, when eight believers founded a new church in Schwarzenau, Germany. The Old German Baptist Brethren church has about 4,000 baptized members.

Alexander Mack
Alexander Mack (c. 27 July 1679[a] – 19 January 1735) was a German clergyman and the leader and first minister of the Schwarzenau Brethren (or German Baptists) in the Schwarzenau, Wittgenstein, community of modern-day Bad Berleburg, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Mack founded the Brethren along with seven other Radical Pietists in Schwarzenau in 1708. Mack and the rest of the early Brethren emigrated to the United States in the mid-18th century, where he continued to minister to the Brethren community until his death.
David Ostlund
David Ostlund (born May 7, 1981) is an American professional strongman competitor. He grew up in Edina, Minnesota and attended Edina High School. Ostlund was a member of the Edina track and field team and competed in the shot put and discus events. It was his weight training for track that initially sparked his interest in the sport of strongman.

Ostlund began training with rocks and tires in addition to his weight training and in May 2001, he entered his first strongman contest in Lac du Flambeau, Wisconsin. He was placed first and has been competing regularly ever since.

Ostlund attended the University of St. Thomas in St. Paul, Minnesota where he continued his weight and strongman training. He graduated in 2003 and worked for about a year as a real estate appraiser. In 2004, he won his pro card at The Strongest in the West contest in Eagle, Idaho. In October 2005, he married Kate Strachota, whom he met at college. They currently live in Edina, MN with their four kids.

University of St. Thomas (Minnesota)
The University of St. Thomas (also known as UST, simply St. Thomas or University of St. Thomas, Minnesota) is a private Catholic research university with campuses in Saint Paul and Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States. Founded in 1885 as a Catholic seminary, it is named after Thomas Aquinas, the medieval Catholic theologian, philosopher, and patron saint of students. As of fall 2021, St. Thomas enrolled 9,347 students, making it Minnesota's largest private, nonprofit university.
Kule, Łódź Voivodeship
Kule [ˈkulɛ] is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Kiełczygłów, within Pajęczno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 2 km (1 mi) north-east of Kiełczygłów, 12 km (7 mi) north of Pajęczno, and 68 km (42 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Pajęczno County
Pajęczno County (Polish: powiat pajęczański) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Pajęczno, which lies 78 kilometres (48 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź. The only other town in the county is Działoszyn, lying 10 km (6 mi) west of Pajęczno.

The county covers an area of 804.14 square kilometres (310.5 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 53,395, out of which the population of Pajęczno is 6,674, that of Działoszyn is 6,276, and the rural population is 40,445.
2011 Southern Conference football season
The 2011 Southern Conference football season began on Thursday, September 1, 2011 with Western Carolina visiting Georgia Southern.  The season ended in the semifinals of the NCAA Division I Football Championship, with Georgia Southern losing to North Dakota State.

2011 Georgia Southern Eagles football team
The 2011 Georgia Southern Eagles team represented Georgia Southern University in the 2011 NCAA Division I FCS football season. The Eagles were led by second-year head coach Jeff Monken and played their home games at Paulson Stadium. They are a member of the Southern Conference. They finished the season 11–3, 7–1 in Southern Conference play, winning the conference championship outright. They received the conference's automatic bid into the FCS playoffs where they defeated Old Dominion in the second round and Maine in the quarterfinals before falling to North Dakota State in the semifinals.
134th meridian east
The meridian 134° east of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, Asia, Australia, the Indian Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.

The 134th meridian east forms a great ellipse with the 46th meridian west.

Great ellipse
A great ellipse is an ellipse passing through two points on a spheroid and having the same center as that of the spheroid. Equivalently, it is an ellipse on the surface of a spheroid and centered on the origin, or the curve formed by intersecting the spheroid by a plane through its center.
For points that are separated by less than about a quarter of the circumference of the earth, about , the length of the great ellipse connecting the points is close (within one part in 500,000) to the geodesic distance.
The great ellipse therefore is sometimes proposed as a suitable route for marine navigation.
The great ellipse is special case of an earth section path.
Fanny Bulkeley-Owen
The Honourable Fanny Mary Katherine Bulkeley-Owen (1845 – 25 November 1927; née Ormsby-Gore, married name Kenyon from 1863, then Bulkeley-Owen from 1880) was a British historian and author. She was a member of the Anglo-Irish Gore family.

The Honourable
The Honourable (Commonwealth English) or The Honorable (American English; see spelling differences) (abbreviation: Hon., Hon'ble, or variations) is an honorific style that is used as a prefix before the names or titles of certain people, usually with official governmental or diplomatic positions.
Sanjiaohu station
Sanjiaohu Station (Chinese: 三角湖站), formerly known as Shengguandu Station (Chinese: 升官渡站), is a station of Line 3 of Wuhan Metro. It entered revenue service on December 28, 2015. It is located in Caidian District.

Wuhan Metro
Wuhan Metro is a rapid transit system serving the city of Wuhan, Hubei, China. Owned and operated by Wuhan Metro Group Co., Ltd., the network now includes 12 lines, 312 stations, and 518 kilometres of track length. With 1.35 billion annual passengers in 2023, Wuhan Metro is the sixth-busiest rapid transit system in mainland China. There are a number of lines or sections under construction.

Line 1, the first line in the system, opened on 28 July 2004, making Wuhan the seventh city in mainland China with a rapid transit system, after the cities of Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Changchun, and Dalian. Line 2 opened on 28 December 2012 and is the first underground rail line crossing the Yangtze River. The system has since undergone rapid expansion.