hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
German-Canadian history in British Columbia
German-Canadian history in British Columbia began with the onset of the Fraser Gold Rush in 1858, when Germans, Austrians, Swiss Germans and other German-ethnic men arrived in British Columbia en masse as part of the migration to the new Colony of British Columbia from the California goldfields.  Many notable figures in that gold rush and the subsequent Cariboo Gold Rush and other British Columbia gold rushes, with many staying on and settling, including many who founded ranches such as the Richter Ranch between Oliver and Keremeos.  Like the rest of the province, Greater Vancouver has had historic immigration from Germany.

Many from southwest Germany arrived in the newly settled Vancouver. Some were in the middle class, and some worked as shopkeepers and craftspersons. A wave of post-World War II immigration also came from Germany. There were about 8,000 ethnic Germans born outside Canada who resided in Vancouver in 1960.

German Canadians
German Canadians (German: Deutschkanadier or Deutsch-Kanadier, pronounced [ˈdɔʏtʃkaˌnaːdi̯ɐ]) are Canadian citizens of German ancestry or Germans who emigrated to and reside in Canada. According to the 2021 census, there are 2,955,695 Canadians with full or partial German ancestry. Some immigrants came from what is today Germany, while larger numbers came from German settlements in Eastern Europe and Imperial Russia; others came from parts of the German Confederation, Austria-Hungary and Switzerland.
Augustus Clevland
Augustus Clevland (1754–1784) was an East India Company administrator in the Province of Bengal, a Collector of the Revenues and a Judge of the Dewanny Adawlut of the Districts of Bhagalpur and various others.

John Shore, 1st Baron Teignmouth
John Shore, 1st Baron Teignmouth (5 October 1751 – 14 February 1834) was a British official of the East India Company who served as Governor-General of Bengal from 1793 to 1798. In 1798 he was created Baron Teignmouth in the Peerage of Ireland. Shore was the first president of the British and Foreign Bible Society. A close friend of the orientalist Sir William Jones (1746–1794), Shore edited a memoir of Jones's life in 1804, containing many of Jones's letters.
Heavenly Planet
Heavenly Planet was a planned music festival in Reading, Berkshire, England. The festival was expected to have a capacity of 15,000 and have at least three stages — two all-weather outdoor stages and potentially one indoor arena within the adjacent Rivermead Leisure Centre.

On 17 March 2009, Live Nation and Festival Republic issued a press release announcing the cancellation of the festival "due to the effect of the current economic climate".

Festival Republic
Festival Republic  is a UK music promoter. It was founded as Mean Fiddler Group in 1982 by Irish-born chairman John Vincent Power, as a venue-management and music-promotion group. After the group was taken over by Hamsard Ltd in 2005, the focus became more concentrated on festivals, and in 2007 the venues along with the Mean Fiddler name were sold on, with the remaining company being renamed Festival Republic. Melvin Benn is the current managing director.
Al Paul
Al Paul (c. 1926 – July 28, 2014) was an American college athlete, football and lacrosse coach, and college athletics administrator.  He served as the athletic director at Columbia University from 1974 to 1991.  A native of Baltimore, Maryland, Paul attended Western Maryland College—now known as McDaniel College—where he played football, basketball, and lacrosse.   While an undergraduate, he also served as the school's head lacrosse coach, in 1947 and 1948.  Paul died at the age of 88 on July 28, 2014, at his home in Maryland.

McDaniel College
McDaniel College is a private college in Westminster, Maryland, United States, established in 1867.  McDaniel College is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education. The college also has a satellite campus, McDaniel College Budapest, in Budapest, Hungary. The college owns and manages a shopping center and residential properties through its for-profit arm.
Cambridge (1825 ship)
Cambridge was launched in 1825 at Prince Edward Island, Canada. In 1826 she transferred her registry to Bristol, Gloucestershire, England. In 1827 she transported convicts to New South Wales, Australia. She foundered in 1835.

Convict
A convict is "a person found guilty of a crime and sentenced by a court" or "a person serving a sentence in prison". Convicts are often also known as "prisoners" or "inmates" or by the slang term "con", while a common label for former convicts, especially those recently released from prison, is "ex-con" ("ex-convict"). Persons convicted and sentenced to non-custodial sentences tend not to be described as "convicts".

The label of "ex-convict" usually has lifelong implications, such as social stigma or reduced opportunities for employment. The federal government of Australia, for instance, will not, in general, employ an ex-convict, while some state and territory governments may limit the time for or before which a former convict may be employed.
Swan Miara
Swan Miara (ساون میرا) is a village and union council (an administrative subdivision) of Mansehra District in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is located in the south of the district where it borders Abbottabad District.

Formerly it was a part of the Princely State of Amb.

Abbottabad District
Abbottabad District (Hindko, Urdu: ضِلع ایبٹ آباد) is a district in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is part of the Hazara Division and covers an area of 1,969 square kilometres (760 mi2), with the city of Abbottabad being the principal town. Neighbouring districts include Mansehra to the north and Haripur to the west in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Muzaffarabad to the east in Azad Jammu and Kashmir and Rawalpindi to the south in the Punjab province. According to the 2023 Pakistani census, the population of Abbottabad District is 1,397,587.
Spencer County, Indiana
Spencer County is a county located in the U.S. state of Indiana. As of the 2020 census, the population was 19,810.  The county seat is Rockport. Despite not being in the Owensboro Metropolitan Area, the entire riverfront of the city of Owensboro, Kentucky borders the southern tip of the county.

Owensboro, Kentucky
Owensboro is a home rule-class city in Daviess County, Kentucky, United States, of which it is also the county seat. It is the fourth-most populous city in the state. Owensboro is located on U.S. Route 60 and Interstate 165 about 107 miles (172 km) southwest of Louisville, and is the principal city of the Owensboro metropolitan area. The 2020 census had its population at 60,183. The metropolitan population was estimated at 116,506. The metropolitan area is the sixth largest in the state as of 2018, and the seventh largest population center in the state when including micropolitan areas.
The Neckbones
The Neckbones were a garage punk band from Oxford, Mississippi. The band was distinguished by having three vocalists each with a distinct style and for their high energy live performances.  They released three albums: Pay the Rent, self release (1995) and Souls on Fire (1997) and The Lights Are Getting Dim (1999), both on Fat Possum Records. They also released the 10" vinyl-only release Gentleman, which was their final release, on Misprint Records in 1999.

Oxford, Mississippi
Oxford is the 14th most populous city in Mississippi, United States, and the county seat of Lafayette County, 75 miles (121 km) southeast of Memphis. A college town, Oxford surrounds the University of Mississippi or "Ole Miss". Founded in 1837, the city is named after Oxford, England.

Purchasing the land from a Chickasaw, pioneers founded Oxford in 1837. In 1841, the Mississippi State Legislature selected it as the site of the state's first university, Ole Miss. Oxford is also the hometown of Nobel Prize-winning novelist William Faulkner, and served as the inspiration for his fictional Jefferson in Yoknapatawpha County. Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar, who served as a US Supreme Court Justice and Secretary of the Interior, also lived and is buried in Oxford.

At the 2020 US Census, the population was 25,416.
Justin Dill
Justin Dill (born 10 November 1994) is a South African cricketer. He was part of South Africa's squad for the 2014 ICC Under-19 Cricket World Cup. He was the leading wicket-taker for Western Province in the 2018–19 CSA 3-Day Provincial Cup, with 34 dismissals in ten matches. In September 2019, he was named in Western Province's squad for the 2019–20 CSA Provincial T20 Cup. In June 2021, he was selected to take part in the Minor League Cricket tournament in the United States following the players' draft.

2014 Under-19 Cricket World Cup
The 2014 ICC Under-19 Cricket World Cup was a one-day cricket competition for sixteen international U-19 cricketing teams which was played in the United Arab Emirates. It was the tenth edition of the Under-19 Cricket World Cup. Sixteen nations competed: the ten Test-playing teams, the United Arab Emirates as hosts, and five additional associate and affiliate qualifiers (Afghanistan, Canada, Namibia, Papua New Guinea, and Scotland). India entered the tournament as defending champions, having won the title in 2012 in Australia under the captaincy of Unmukt Chand.
In the final, South Africa beat Pakistan by six wickets to win the tournament. South Africa captain Aiden Markram was awarded Man of the Series.
Stanley Lebor
Stanley Harvey Lebor (24 September 1934 – 22 November 2014) was an English actor. He was best known for his roles as Howard Hughes in the 1980s BBC TV comedy series Ever Decreasing Circles, the Mongon Doctor in Flash Gordon (1980), and as RSM Lord in A Bridge Too Far (1977). Before this he was better known for villainous roles in series such as Jason King and The Tomorrow People.

Jason King (TV series)
Jason King is a British television series starring Peter Wyngarde as the eponymous character. It was produced by ITC Entertainment and had a single season of 26 one-hour episodes that aired from 1971 to 1972. It was shown internationally as well, and has been released on DVD in the United Kingdom, the United States, Australia and Germany.
Museum of the History of Religion
The Museum of the History of Religion is a museum in Saint Petersburg, Russia.

The museum was created in 1932 by a decision of the Presidium of the Soviet Academy of Sciences as the Museum of the History of Religion and Atheism and was housed in the former Kazan Cathedral until 2000. Its first exposition was based on an anti-religious exhibition opened in 1930 in the Winter Palace. Russian ethnographer and anthropologist Vladimir Bogoraz "Tan" was the initiator of its creation and its first director. In 1991, the house of Count Sergey Yaguzhinsky, which later belonged to the Russian imperial Post Office, was transferred to the museum of the History of Religion.

Vladimir Bogoraz
Vladimir Germanovich Bogoraz (Russian: Влади́мир Ге́рманович Богора́з), born Natan Mendelevich Bogoraz (Russian: Ната́н Ме́нделевич Богора́з) and used the literary pseudonym N. A. Tan (Russian: Н. А. Тан; April 27 [O.S. April 15] 1865 – May 10, 1936), was a Russian revolutionary, writer and anthropologist, especially known for his studies of the Chukchi people in Siberia. In English, his name was often rendered as Waldemar Bogoras.
Mordellistena angustiformis
Mordellistena angustiformis is a species of beetle in the family Mordellidae. It was described in 1937 by Eugene Ray from Puerto Rico.

This beetle measures 1.85 mm (0.073 in) in length, or 2.45 mm (0.096 in) when including the anal stylus. The antennae are 0.5 mm (0.020 in) long.

Mordellidae
The Mordellidae are a family of beetles commonly known as tumbling flower beetles for the typical irregular movements they make when escaping predators, or as pintail beetles due to their abdominal tip which aids them in performing these tumbling movements. Worldwide, there are about 1500 species.
Michał Czajkowski (Roman Catholic priest)
Michał Czajkowski (3 October 1934 – 15 February 2025) was a Polish Roman Catholic priest, professor of theological sciences, and specialist in New Testament biblical studies. He was an ecumenist, former co-chair of the Polish Council of Christians and Jews, and a member of the International Auschwitz Council from 2000 to 2006. Czajkowski was also an unofficial collaborator with the Security Service of the Polish People's Republic during two periods: briefly in 1956 and from 1960 to 1984. He was the only Polish Catholic priest to publicly admit to collaborating with the Security Service.

Unofficial collaborator
An unofficial collaborator or IM (German: [iˈʔɛm] ⓘ; both from German: inoffizieller Mitarbeiter), or euphemistically informal collaborator (informeller Mitarbeiter), was an informant in the East Germany who delivered private information to the Ministry for State Security. At the end of the East German government, there was a network of around 189,000 informants, working at every level of society.
Curran (material)
Curran is a microcrystalline nanocellulose fibre derived from the pulp of root vegetables. It was developed by Scottish scientists David Hepworth and Eric Whale, with funding from the Scottish Government. The sources of root vegetable pulp used to manufacture Curran include carrots, sugar beets, and turnips. It is named after curran, the Scottish Gaelic word for "carrot". The material was developed as a potential substitute for carbon fibre and is often used in polymer composites. It has numerous industrial and technological applications, especially for the production of paints and sporting equipment.

Carrot
The carrot (Daucus carota subsp. sativus) is a root vegetable, typically orange in colour, though heirloom variants including purple, black, red, white, and yellow cultivars exist, all of which are domesticated forms of the wild carrot, Daucus carota, native to Europe and Southwestern Asia. The plant probably originated in Iran and was originally cultivated for its leaves and seeds.

The carrot is a biennial plant in the umbellifer family, Apiaceae. World production of carrots (combined with turnips) for 2022 was 42 million tonnes, led by China producing 44% of the total.

The characteristic orange colour is from beta-carotene, making carrots a rich source of  vitamin A. A myth that carrots help people to see in the dark was spread as propaganda in the Second World War, to account for the reason of British pilots' ability to fight in the dark; the real explanation was the introduction of radar.
Nauru at the 2022 Commonwealth Games
Nauru competed at the 2022 Commonwealth Games in Birmingham, England from 28 July to 8 August 2022. It was Nauru's ninth appearance at the Games.

Christon Amram and Maximina Uepa were the country's opening ceremony flagbearers.

Nauru won one bronze medal, ranking the county a tied 40th on the medal table. Flagbearer and weightlifter Maximina Uepa won the bronze medal in the women's 76 kg event. This continued the island nation's streak of winning at least one medal at each edition of the games it has competed in since its debut in 1990.

Weightlifting at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's 76 kg
The women's 76 kg weightlifting event at the 2022 Commonwealth Games took place at the National Exhibition Centre on 2 August 2022. The weightlifter from Canada won the gold, with a combined lift of 228 kg.
Kobashigawa Eishō
Kobashigawa Eishō (小橋川永昌, 1909–1978) was a potter born in Tsuboya, a district within the Okinawan capital of Naha, Japan.  He is considered one of the "Three Potters of Tsuboya" (Tsuboya no sannin otoko), along with Kinjō Jirō and Aragaki Eisaburō. Kobashigawa Eishō studied pottery with his father Kobashigawa Niō and is also known as Kobashigawa Niō II.  Eishō is credited with rediscovering the local materials used for the distinctive red enamel (aka-e) that characterized traditional Okinawan ceramics.  The pictured jar, from the collection of the Honolulu Museum of Art, is an example of how Kobashigawa Eishō revived the  Ryukyu Kingdom's tradition of Tsuboya ware.

Ryukyu Kingdom
The Ryukyu Kingdom was a kingdom in the Ryukyu Islands from 1429 until 1872, when it was reorganized as the Ryukyu Domain, before being fully abolished in 1879. It was ruled as a tributary state of the Ming dynasty by the Ryukyuan monarchy, who unified Okinawa Island to end the Sanzan period, and subsequently extended the kingdom to the Amami Islands and Sakishima Islands. The Ryukyu Kingdom played a central role in the maritime trade networks of medieval East Asia and Southeast Asia despite its small size. The Ryukyu Kingdom became a vassal state of the Satsuma Domain of Japan after the invasion of Ryukyu in 1609 but retained de jure independence until it was transformed into the Ryukyu Domain by the Empire of Japan in 1872. The Ryukyu Domain was abolished by the Meiji government in 1879 and reorganized as Okinawa Prefecture, and the Ryukyuan monarchy was integrated into the new Japanese nobility.
Virus Tropical
Virus Tropical is a 2017 adult animated coming-of-age drama film directed by Santiago Caicedo, based on the 2011 semi-autobiographical graphic novel of the same name by cartoonist Power Paola. From a screenplay by Enrique Lozano, Power Paola handled the film's art direction. Produced by Timbo Estudio and Ikki Films, Virus Tropical had its world premiere at the Animation Is Film Festival on 21 October 2017. It was released in Colombian cinemas on 17 May 2018, where it grossed $31,100. The film received generally positive reviews. Additionally, it won the Quirino Award for Best Ibero-American Feature Film.

Adult animation
Adult animation is animation in the form of films and television series that is catered specifically to general interests and is mainly targeted and marketed towards teenagers, young adults, and mature audiences as opposed to children or all-ages audiences.
Amherst Armoury
The Amherst Armoury, also known as the Colonel James Layton Ralston Armoury, is a historic armoury located in the Canadian town of Amherst, Nova Scotia. Constructed in 1915, the armoury is a large building prominently situated on Acadia Street comprising two towers and a spacious drill hall.

Arsenal
An arsenal is a place where arms and ammunition are made, maintained and repaired, stored, or issued, in any combination, whether privately or publicly owned. Arsenal and armoury (British English) or armory (American English) are mostly regarded as synonyms, although subtle differences in usage exist.

A sub-armory is a place of temporary storage or carrying of weapons and ammunition, such as any temporary post or patrol vehicle that is only operational in certain times of the day.
Bahamian Bounty
Bahamian Bounty  (10 February 1994 – 2 March 2020) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and sire.  He was named  European Champion Two-Year-Old Colt at the 1996 Cartier Racing Awards. In his championship season, Bahamian Bounty won three of his five races including two Group One races, the Prix Morny in France and the Middle Park Stakes in England. He was retired after two unsuccessful starts in 1997 and later stood as a stallion at the National Stud at Newmarket, Suffolk.

July Cup
The July Cup is a Group 1 flat horse race in Great Britain open to horses aged three years or older. It is run on the July Course at Newmarket over a distance of 6 furlongs (1,207 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in July.

It is one of Britain's most valuable and prestigious sprint races, and many of its winners have been acknowledged as the champion sprinter in Europe.
William McKie (musician)
Sir William Neil McKie MVO (22 May 1901 – 1 December 1984) was an Australian organist, conductor, and composer. He was Organist and Master of the Choristers at Westminster Abbey 1941–1963 and noted for his direction of the music for the marriage of Princess Elizabeth in 1947, and later her Coronation in 1953.

Anglican Diocese of Melbourne
The Anglican Diocese of Melbourne is the metropolitan diocese of the Province of Victoria in the Anglican Church of Australia. The diocese was founded from the Diocese of Australia by letters patent of 25 June 1847 and includes the cities of Melbourne and Geelong and also some more rural areas. The cathedral church is St Paul's Cathedral, Melbourne.

The incumbent archbishop of the diocese is Ric Thorpe, who was elected on 24 May 2025 and installed on 30 November 2025. He was translated from the Diocese of London, where he was the suffragan Bishop of Islington.
The Trouble with Harry
The Trouble with Harry is a 1955 American Technicolor black comedy film directed by Alfred Hitchcock. The screenplay by John Michael Hayes was based on the 1949 novel of the same name by Jack Trevor Story. It stars Edmund Gwenn, John Forsythe, Mildred Natwick, Jerry Mathers and Shirley MacLaine in her film debut. The film was released in the United States on September 30, 1955, then re-released in 1984 after the distribution rights were acquired by Universal Pictures.

Joel McNeely
Joel McNeely (born March 28, 1959) is an American composer, conductor, arranger, musician, lyricist, and record producer. A protégé of composer Jerry Goldsmith, he is best known for his film and television scores. He won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Music Composition for a Series for his work on George Lucas's The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles. He frequently collaborates with Seth MacFarlane and contributes to various projects by The Walt Disney Company.
Van der Burgh
van der Burgh is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Cameron van der Burgh (born 1988), South African swimmer

Hendrick van der Burgh (1627–1664), Dutch painter

Pieter Daniel van der Burgh (1805–1879), Dutch painter

Cameron van der Burgh
Cameron van der Burgh OIS (born 25 May 1988) is a retired South African competitive swimmer and hedge fund analyst. He is Africa's first home-trained world record holder and individual male Olympic champion. He is married to longtime partner Nefeli Valakelis.
Ange Ahoussou
Kouadio Guy Ange Ahoussou (born 22 December 2003) is an Ivorian professional footballer who plays as a defender for Austrian Football Bundesliga club Rapid Wien.

Ahoussou is a left-footed central defender who is 194 cm tall and weighs 80 kg.

Austrian Football Bundesliga
The Bundesliga (German: Bundesliga [ˈbʊndəsˌliːɡa], "Federal League"), also known as Admiral Bundesliga for sponsorship reasons, is a professional association football league in Austria and the highest level of the Austrian football league system. The competition decides the Austrian national football champions, as well the country's entrants for the various European cups run by UEFA.

The Austrian Bundesliga, which began in the 1974–75 season, has been a separate registered association since 1 December 1991. It has been won the most by the two Viennese giants Austria Wien, who were national champions 24 times, and Rapid Wien, who won the national title 32 times. The current champions are SK Sturm Graz. Phillip Thonhauser is president of the Austrian Bundesliga. The Austrian Football Bundesliga is currently known as Admiral Bundesliga for sponsorship reasons.
Verdun, Quebec
Verdun (/vərˈdʌn/ vər-DUN, Quebec French: [vaɛ̯ʁdœ̃˞]) is a borough (arrondissement) of the city of Montreal, Quebec, located in the southeastern part of the island.

Long known as a working class neighbourhood, it has experienced significant gentrification and social change in the 21st century.

Social change
Social change is the alteration of the social order of a society which may include changes in social institutions, social behaviours or social relations. Sustained at a larger scale, it may lead to social transformation or societal transformation.