hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Japan Federation of Aviation Industry Unions
The Japan Federation of Aviation Industry Unions (JFAIU, Japanese: 航空連合, Koku Rengo) is a trade union representing workers in the aviation industry in Japan.

The union was established in 1999, when the Japanese Confederation of Aviation Labour merged with the ANA Labour Union.  It affiliated to the Japanese Trade Union Confederation.  In 2009, the union had 36,183 members, and by 2020 its membership had grown to 41,419.

RENGO
The Japanese Trade Union Confederation (日本労働組合総連合会, Nihon Rōdōkumiai Sōrengōkai; abbreviated JTUC), commonly known as RENGO (連合, Rengō; lit. 'union'), is the largest national trade union center in Japan, with over six million members as of 2011. It was founded in 1989 as a result of the merger of the Japan Confederation of Labor (Dōmei), the Federation of Independent Unions (Chūritsu Rōren) and the National Federation Of Industrial Organisations (Shinsanbetsu). In 1990, the General Council of Trade Unions of Japan (Sohyo) also joined RENGO.

As of July 2012, RENGO has 54 affiliate unions and 47 local organizations.
Hard Ground
Hard Ground is a 2003 western television film directed by Frank Q. Dobbs, and starring Burt Reynolds and Bruce Dern. It was the final film directed by Dobbs. The cinematography was made by Maximo Munzi.

Maximo Munzi
Maximo Felipe Munzi (26 July 1957 – 16 December 2014) was an Argentine-born cinematographer, whose career spanned 30 years and included 104 films. He died of pancreatic cancer in Los Angeles on 16 December 2014, aged 57.
Rock Odyssey
Rock Odyssey is an animated jukebox musical feature film produced by Hanna-Barbera for a Worldvision Enterprises release in 1987.
Directed by Robert Taylor (but credited to William Hanna and Joseph Barbera on the final print), with storyboards by Pete Alvarado. This features Scatman Crothers in his final film appearance, released following his death. The film was dedicated to his memory.

The film was released on a program of special world premiere matinee screenings of the Los Angeles International Animation Celebration’s opening day gala event. The film never received a wide theatrical release.

Jukebox musical
A jukebox musical is a stage musical or musical film in which a majority of the songs are well-known, pre-existing popular music songs, rather than original music composed for the musical.

Some jukebox musicals use a wide variety of songs, while others confine themselves to songs previously performed by one singer or band, or written by one songwriter. In such cases, the plot is often a biography of the artist or artists. In other jukebox musicals, the plot is purely fictional. For musicals about a musician or musical act, some of the songs can be diegetic, meaning that they are performed within the world of the play or film. Works in which all of the music is diegetic, however, such as a biographical film about a singer who is at times shown performing their songs, are generally not considered jukebox musicals.

Revues that lack a plot are also usually not described as jukebox musicals, although plotless shows that include a dance element sometimes are.
Madinat Khalifa North
Madinat Khalifa North (Arabic: مدينه خليفه الشماليه, romanized: Madīnat Khalīfah ash Shamālīyah) is a north-western district of Doha, Qatar. It is one of the two sections of Madinat Khalifa, the other being Madinat Khalifa South. The district was developed in the 1970s by the Emir of Qatar at the time, Sheikh Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani, primarily to serve as a residential district for Qatari families.

The district is situated between the city of Al Rayyan and downtown Doha.

Al Rayyan
Al Rayyan (Arabic: الريان; also spelled Ar Rayyan) is the third-largest municipality in Qatar. Its primary settlement is the city of the same name, which occupies the entire eastern section and is a part of the Doha Metropolitan Area. The vast expanse of mostly undeveloped lands in the south-west also falls under the municipality's administration.
Korea University Graduate School of International Studies
37°35′21″N 127°1′56″E﻿ / ﻿37.58917°N 127.03222°E﻿ / 37.58917; 127.03222

Korea University Graduate School of International Studies is a professional graduate school focusing on international affairs with five different tracks.

Association of Professional Schools of International Affairs
The Association of Professional Schools of International Affairs (APSIA) is a non-profit educational organization of leading universities in the field of international affairs education and research. As of 2026, the association includes 41 full members and 30 affiliate schools.
Operation Bui Clean
Operation Bui Clean, also called Operation Kumbo Clean or Operation Clean Kumbo, was a military offensive conducted by the Cameroon Armed Forces against Ambazonian separatists in Cameroon's Northwest Region from May to June 2021. The operation took place in the context of the Anglophone Crisis.

Cameroon Armed Forces
The Cameroon Armed Forces (French: Forces armées camerounaises (FAC)) are the military of the Republic of Cameroon. It has three branches – the army, air force, and navy – and the gendarmerie.

It has generally remained loyal to the government and acted to ensure the stability of the regime, and not acted as an independent political force. Traditional dependence on the French defense capability, although reduced, continues to be the case as French military advisers remain closely involved in preparing the Cameroonian forces for deployment to the contested Bakassi Peninsula.

The African Union maintains its continental logistics base in Douala.
Moretta
Moretta is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 35 kilometres (22 mi) southwest of Turin and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) north of Cuneo. As of 1-1-2017, it had a population of 4 141 and an area of 23.99 square kilometres (9.26 mi2).

The municipality of Moretta contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Boglio, Bogliotto, Brasse, Brasse Piccolo, Pasco, Piattera, Prese, Roncaglia, and Tetti Varaita.

Moretta borders the following municipalities: Cardè, Faule, Murello, Polonghera, Saluzzo, Torre San Giorgio, Villafranca Piemonte, and Villanova Solaro.

Faule
Faule is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) southwest of Turin and about 45 kilometres (28 mi) north of Cuneo, near the Po River. 
The city is famous for the piedmontais traditional food "Bagna Cauda"

It is home to a 10th-century castle and to several medieval buildings.
Ignacio Martín (rugby union)
Ignacio Amadeo Martín Goenaga (born 15 October 1983) is a Spanish rugby sevens player. He competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics for the Spanish rugby sevens team. He was also part of the team that defeated Samoa 7s to earn the last spot for the Olympics.

Martín played at the 2013 Rugby World Cup Sevens. He is married to Juliet Itoya.

Samoa national rugby sevens team
The Samoa national rugby sevens team, referred to as Samoa Sevens or Manu Samoa 7s, competes in the annual World Rugby Sevens Series. Representing the polynesian country of Samoa, with a population of about 202,000, the team competes against some of the wealthiest countries in the world. The Samoa sevens team is overseen by the Samoa Rugby Football Union, which oversees all of rugby union in Samoa.

Samoa won the 2009–10 World Series by winning four tournaments – the Hong Kong Sevens, the USA Sevens, the Adelaide Sevens, and the Edinburgh Sevens. Samoa has played at all Rugby World Cup Sevens finals tournaments since the championship began in 1993; its best finish was third place in 1997 and again in 2007.

Samoa has won four Oceania Sevens titles since the first competition in 2008. They have also won all four gold medals at the Pacific Games Sevens and Pacific Mini Games Sevens between 2007 and 2013, defeating Fiji in the final on each occasion.
Devfsd
devfsd is a device manager for the Linux kernel. Primarily, it creates device nodes in the /dev directory when kernel drivers make the underlying hardware accessible. The nodes exist in a virtual device file system named devfs. In systems that support many different types of hardware, each of which has its own device nodes, this is more convenient than creating all possible device nodes beforehand and in a real filesystem.

While devfs was a step forward, it had several disadvantages of its own. Since version 2.5 of the Linux kernel, devfs has been succeeded by udev and devtmpfs.

Filesystem Hierarchy Standard
The Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS) is a reference describing the conventions used for the layout of Unix-like systems. It has been made popular by its use in Linux distributions, but it is used by other Unix-like systems as well. The latest version of the standard, version 3.0, was originally released on 3 June 2015 by the Linux Foundation. It was republished on 6 November 2025 by FreeDesktop, which has since assumed maintenance of the specification.
Gheorghe Cozorici
Gheorghe Cozorici (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈɡe̯orɡe kozoritʃʲ]; 16 July 1933 – 18 December 1993) was a Romanian film and theatre actor. He appeared in more than thirty films from 1956 to 1989.

Born in Arbore, Suceava County, Cozorici graduated in 1956 from the I. L. Caragiale Institute of Theatre and Film Arts in Bucharest. He made his theatre debut the next year, in the role of Hamlet. Starting in 1959, he played at the National Theatre Bucharest. In 1971, he was awarded the Order of Cultural Merit, 2nd class.

He died at age 60 in Bucharest, and was buried in the city's Bellu Cemetery.

I. L. Caragiale National University of Theatre and Film
The I. L. Caragiale National University of Theatre and Film (Romanian: Universitatea Națională de Artă Teatrală și Cinematografică "I. L. Caragiale") is a public university in Bucharest, Romania, founded in 1954. It is named in honour of playwright Ion Luca Caragiale.
Lead (curling)
In curling, the lead is the person who delivers the first two stones of the end for their team. On most teams, where the lead does not act as skip or vice, the lead will sweep for each of their teammates' shots. Because of the free-guard-zone rule, which prevents leads from removing most of an opponent's guards, leads are usually proficient at throwing guards and draws, and throw few takeouts or other power shots. In some regions, such as Eastern Ontario and the Eastern United States, the lead is responsible for determining who has hammer, using random selection, such as flipping a coin. However, in most regions, this is the responsibility of the third.

Eastern Ontario
Eastern Ontario (census population 1,892,332 in 2021) (French: Est de l'Ontario) is a secondary region of Southern Ontario in the Canadian province of Ontario. It occupies a wedge-shaped area bounded by the Ottawa River and Quebec to the northeast and east, the St. Lawrence River and New York to the south, and Northern Ontario and Central Ontario to the west and northwest.
Callechelys maculatus
Callechelys maculatus is an eel in the family Ophichthidae (worm/snake eels). It was described by Chu Yuan-Ting, Wu Han-Lin and Jin Xin-Bo in 1981. It is a marine, temperate water-dwelling eel which is known from Pingtan Island, China, in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. Males can reach a maximum total length of 33.8 centimetres.

Ophichthidae
Ophichthidae is a family of fish in the order Anguilliformes, commonly known as the snake eels. The term "Ophichthidae" comes from Greek ophis ("serpent") and ichthys ("fish"). Snake eels are also burrowing eels.  They are named for their physical appearance, as they have long, cylindrical, snake-like bodies. This family is found worldwide in tropical to warm temperate waters. They inhabit a wide range of habitats, from coastal shallows and even rivers, to depths below 800 m (2,600 ft). Most species are bottom dwellers, hiding in mud or sand to capture their prey of crustaceans and small fish, but some are pelagic.

These species range in total length from 5 cm (2.0 in) to 2.3 m (7.5 ft) or more. Many species lack fins altogether, improving their ability to burrow into the substrate like worms. They are often spotted or striped in colour, mimicking the appearance of venomous sea snakes to deter predators. Often, they are washed ashore by large storms.
Japanese military modernization of 1868–1931
In Japanese military history, the modernization of the Japanese army and navy during the Meiji period (1868–1912) and until the Mukden Incident (1931) was carried out by the newly founded national government, a military leadership that was only responsible to the Emperor, and with the help of France, Britain, and later Germany.

Government of Meiji Japan
The Government of Meiji Japan (明治政府, Meiji seifu) was the government that was formed by politicians of the Satsuma Domain and Chōshū Domain in the 1860s. The Meiji government was the early government of the Empire of Japan.

Politicians of the Meiji government were known as the Meiji oligarchy, who overthrew the Tokugawa shogunate.
Rowland Salley
Rowland Salley (born November 2, 1949) is an American musician, sometimes called Roly Salley. He is a bass guitarist and vocalist for Chris Isaak's band Silvertone. His best-known tune is "Killing the Blues", which has been covered by John Prine, Chris Smither, Shawn Colvin, Robert Plant and Alison Krauss, Shooter Jennings and Billy Ray Cyrus, Lo-Fang and Sean Keane. As a band member for Chris Isaak, he was a regular on The Chris Isaak Show.

Belvidere, Illinois
Belvidere (/ˈbɛlvɪdɪər/) is a city in and the county seat of Boone County, Illinois, United States. It is settled on the Kishwaukee River in far northern Illinois. The population was 25,339 at the 2020 census. Belvidere is part of the Rockford metropolitan area.

Known as the "City of Murals", Belvidere is home to several public art installations throughout the North and South State Street historic districts, which are on the National Register of Historic Places. These historic districts are home to the Boone County Museum of History, the Funderburg House Museum, several restaurants and bars, and antique and boutique stores. Popular festivities like Heritage Days are held yearly.
Astalaxmi Shakya
Astalaxmi Shakya (Nepali: अष्टलक्ष्मी शाक्य) is a Nepalese politician and former Chief Minister of Bagmati Province. She is first woman chief minister of Nepal. Governor Bishnu Prasad Prasain appointed Shakya as the chief minister as per Article 168 (1) of the Constitution of Nepal after she was unanimously elected parliamentary party leader of the CPN (UML) on 18 August 2021, following the resignation of outgoing chief minister Dormani Poudel, as both the parliamentary party leader and chief minister. On 9th March 2023 she was chosen as a candidate in the 2023 Nepalese vice presidential election from Communist Party of Nepal (UML) .

First elected to parliament in 1999, Shakya served as the Minister for Women, Children and Social Welfare from 2004 to 2005 and Ministry for Industry from 2008 to 2009. She also currently serves as the vice-president of the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist).

Constitution of Nepal
The Constitution of Nepal (Nepali: नेपालको संविधान) is the present governing Constitution of Nepal.
Nepal is governed according to the Constitution which came into effect on 20 September 2015, replacing the Interim Constitution of 2007. The constitution of Nepal is divided into 35 parts, 308 Articles and 9 Schedules.

The Constitution was drafted by the Second Constituent Assembly following the failure of the First Constituent Assembly to produce a constitution in its mandated period after the earthquake in April 2015.  The constitution was endorsed by 90% of the total legislators. Out of 598 Constituent Assembly members, 538 voted in favour of the constitution while 60 people voted against it, including a few Terai-based political parties which refrained from the voting process.

Its institutions were put in place in 2010 and 2018 through a series of direct and indirect elections in all governing levels.
Question Period (TV program)
Question Period (sometimes abbreviated QP) is a Canadian television newsmagazine which airs weekly, currently excluding the summer months, on CTV Sundays at 11:00 AM ET/8:00 AM PT. It also airs on the CTV News Channel at 5:00 PM ET. The program, which takes its name from the parliamentary process of Question Period, is an interview and panel discussion program on Canadian politics, similar to an American Sunday morning talk show.

Question Period
Question Period (QP; French: période des questions), known officially as Oral Questions (French: questions orales), occurs each sitting day in the House of Commons of Canada—similarly in provincial legislatures—in which members of the Parliament ask questions of government ministers (including the prime minister). According to the House of Commons Compendium, "The primary purpose of Question Period is to seek information from the Government and to call it to account for its actions."

It is similar in form to question time in other parliaments, mainly those following the Westminster system.

In the Legislative Assemblies of Ontario and Manitoba (as well as in several other provinces), questions raised are formally referred as Oral Questions. In the Quebec National Assembly, the term is Oral Questions and Answers.
Pathophysiology
Pathophysiology (or physiopathology) is a branch of study, at the intersection of pathology and physiology, concerning disordered physiological processes that cause, result from, or are otherwise associated with a disease or injury. Pathology is the medical discipline that describes conditions typically observed during a disease state, whereas physiology is the biological discipline that describes processes or mechanisms operating within an organism. Pathology describes the abnormal or undesired condition (symptoms of a disease), whereas pathophysiology seeks to explain the functional changes that are occurring within an individual due to a disease or pathologic state.

Biological process
Biological processes are those processes that are necessary for an organism to live and that shape its capacities for interacting with its environment. Biological processes are made of many chemical reactions or other events that are involved in the persistence and transformation of life forms.
2008 Open de Moselle
The 2008 Open de Moselle was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the sixth edition of the Open de Moselle, and was part of the International Series of the 2008 ATP Tour. It took place at the Arènes de Metz in Metz, France, from September 29 through October 5, 2008.

The announced field featured ATP No. 14, Cincinnati Masters semi-finalist, two-time Nottingham champion Ivo Karlović, Casablanca, Toronto Masters semi-finalist, Indianapolis and Bucharest titlist Gilles Simon, and Costa do Sauípe, Acapulco winner Nicolás Almagro. Also lined up were Marseille and Munich semi-finalist Paul-Henri Mathieu, Sydney champion Dmitry Tursunov, Andreas Seppi, Radek Štěpánek and Mario Ančić.

2008 Western & Southern Financial Group Masters – Singles
Andy Murray defeated Novak Djokovic in the final, 7–6(7–4), 7–6(7–5) to win the men's singles tennis title at the 2008 Cincinnati Masters. It was his first Masters title. Rafael Nadal's 32 match winning-streak ended in the semifinals when he was defeated by Djokovic.

Roger Federer was the defending champion, but lost in the third round to Ivo Karlović.
Iranian opposition
The Iranian opposition consists of various groups that oppose the Islamic Republic government and the current theocratic Shia Muslim clerical leadership in Iran. These groups are ideologically diverse, including republicans, monarchists, secular nationalists, socialists, communists, ethnic separatists (e.g. Kurdish nationalists), supporters of Western liberal democracy, and Islamists (including Shia Muslims dissidents and particularly from Sunni Salafis and Kurdish Islamists).

Inside Iran, massive anti-regime protests took place in January 2026. They were repressed through severe crackdowns by security forces, with thousands killed and tens of thousands arrested.

Socialism in Iran
Socialism in Iran, or Iranian socialism, is a political ideology that originated in the 20th century and is represented by various political parties within the country. Iran briefly experienced a period of Third World socialism at the height of the Tudeh Party, following the abdication of Reza Shah and the ascension of his son, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. However, the Tudeh Party never rose to power. After failing to seize power, this form of Third World socialism was replaced by Mohammad Mosaddegh's populist, non-aligned Iranian nationalism, represented by the National Front party. This movement became the main anti-monarchy force in Iran, briefly reaching power between 1949 and 1953, and maintaining its influence even in opposition after the overthrow of Mossadegh. The ideology eventually gave way to the rise of Islamism and the Iranian Revolution. The Tudeh Party later shifted toward a more basic form of socialist communism.
Jeremy Jones (basketball)
Jeremy Jones (born June 11, 1996) is an American professional Basketball player for the Rio Grande Valley Vipers.  He played college basketball for Gonzaga and Rice University. Jones joined the Memphis Grizzlies for the 2025 NBA Summer League.

NBA Summer League
The NBA Summer League is a series of off-season basketball competitions in which National Basketball Association (NBA) teams come together to try out different summer rosters instead of their regular season lineups, including rookie, sophomore and G League affiliate players. The primary competition that most teams participate in, the Las Vegas NBA Summer League, has been held in the Las Vegas area since 2004. In addition, the California Classic has been hosted by the Golden State Warriors or the Sacramento Kings since 2018, and the Utah Jazz has hosted the Salt Lake City Summer League (known as the Utah Jazz Summer League from 2015 to 2019) since 2015. Previously, the Orlando Magic hosted the Orlando Pro Summer League from 2002 to 2017. All those leagues are sometimes referred to as NBA Summer League when also mentioned with its host location.
Gregory Kelly (actor)
Gregory Kelly (March 16, 1892 – July 9, 1927) was an American stage actor, who began performing as a child. He was a Broadway attraction, starring in such long-running productions as Seventeen and The Butter and Egg Man. His early death precluded him from appearing in more than two films. He is remembered today as the first husband of Ruth Gordon, who credited him with teaching her acting.

Minnie Maddern Fiske
Minnie Maddern Fiske (born Marie Augusta Davey; December 19, 1865 – February 15, 1932), but often billed simply as Mrs. Fiske, was one of the leading American actresses of the late 19th and early 20th century. She also spearheaded the fight against the Theatrical Syndicate for the sake of artistic freedom. She was widely considered the most important actress on the American stage in the first quarter of the 20th century. Her performances in several Henrik Ibsen plays helped introduce American audiences to the Norwegian playwright. She was also an influential campaigner for improving animal welfare.
South District, Tainan
22°57′42″N 120°11′29″E﻿ / ﻿22.961555°N 120.191261°E﻿ / 22.961555; 120.191261

South District (Chinese: 南區; pinyin: Nán Qū; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Lâm-khu) is a district home to 121,133 people located in Tainan, Taiwan.

District (Taiwan)
Districts are administrative subdivisions of Taiwan's special municipalities of the second level and provincial cities of the third level formerly under its provinces. There are two types of district in the administrative scheme:

Ordinary districts are governed directly by the municipality/city government, with district administrators appointed by mayors to four-year terms. The mountain indigenous district is a local government body with elected district chiefs as well as district council serving four-year terms.