hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Historiography of early Philippine settlements
The historiography of early Philippine settlements is the academic discipline concerned with the studies, sources, critical methods and interpretations used by scholars to understand the history of settlements in early Philippine history.  By modern definitions, this does not involve a story of "events in the past directly," but rather "the changing interpretations of those events in the works of individual historians."

The study of early Philippine settlements is often hampered  by the fact that the modern political entity known as the Philippines did not actually exist prior to the arrival of Spanish colonial powers in the late sixteenth century. It is thus important to note that the historiography of early Philippine settlements concerns the writing of the histories of settlements which were not united as one state, but which happened to be located on what is now called the Philippine archipelago.

Gregorio F. Zaide
Gregorio Fernandez Zaide (May 25, 1907 – October 31, 1986) was a Filipino historian, author, and politician from the town of Pagsanjan, Laguna, Philippines. A multi-awarded author, Zaide wrote 67 books and more than 500 articles about history, and is known as the "Dean of Filipino Historiographers." He was one of the founders of the International Association of Historians of Asia (IAHA), and president of the Philippine Historical Association for three terms. As a politician, he served as the mayor of his hometown of Pagsanjan from 1971 to 1975.
1996 AC Delco 400
The 1996 AC Delco 400 was the 29th stock car race of the 1996 NASCAR Winston Cup Series and the 32nd iteration of the event. The race was held on Sunday, October 20, 1996, in Rockingham, North Carolina, at North Carolina Speedway, a 1.017 miles (1.637 km) permanent high-banked racetrack. The race took the scheduled 393 laps to complete. At race's end, Ricky Rudd, driving for his own Rudd Performance Motorsports team, would manage to dominate the late stages of the race to take his 17th career NASCAR Winston Cup Series victory and his only victory of the season. Meanwhile, third-place finisher, Hendrick Motorsports driver Terry Labonte, would manage to overtake the points lead from teammate Jeff Gordon, leading Gordon by 32 points. To fill out the top three, Robert Yates Racing driver Dale Jarrett would finish second.

Ricky Rudd
Richard Lee Rudd (born September 12, 1956), nicknamed "the Rooster", is an American former racing driver and racing team owner. He is the uncle of actor Skeet Ulrich and former NASCAR Busch Series driver Jason Rudd. He retired in 2007 with 23 career wins; twenty were done in a span from 1983 to 1998, where he won at least one race in sixteen consecutive seasons, a mark only surpassed by three other drivers. He was named the 2006 Virginian of the Year and was inducted into the Virginia Sports Hall of Fame in 2007. In October 2010, he was selected to the Hampton Roads Sports Hall of Fame, which honors those who have contributed to sports in southeastern Virginia.
2024–25 New York Rangers season
The 2024–25 New York Rangers season was the franchise's 98th season of play and their 99th overall season. The Rangers entered the season as defending Presidents' Trophy winners.
Despite a 12–4–1 start to the season, the Rangers followed that with a 4–15–0 stretch, and at one point they were eighth in the Metropolitan Division. They had a slight turnaround in January 2025, going 8–3–3, but a 5–4–0 stretch in February and a 6–6–3 stretch in March provided more trouble for the Rangers going into the playoff push in the tight Eastern Conference race.

On April 12, 2025, the Rangers were eliminated from playoff contention for the first time since the 2020–21 season following a 7–3 loss to the Carolina Hurricanes. They also became the fourth defending Presidents' Trophy champion to miss the playoffs the following season, after their 1992–93 team, the 2007–08 Buffalo Sabres, and the 2014–15 Boston Bruins and the first to do it twice.

2024–25 Carolina Hurricanes season
The 2024–25 Carolina Hurricanes season was the 46th season (45th season of play) for the National Hockey League (NHL) franchise that was established in June 1979, and the 27th season since the franchise relocated from the Hartford Whalers to start the 1997–98 season. On April 2, 2025, the Hurricanes clinched their seventh consecutive playoff spot after they won in regulation against the Washington Capitals. In the playoffs, the Hurricanes defeated the New Jersey Devils in five games in the first round, defeated the Washington Capitals in five games in the second round, but lost to the eventual Stanley Cup champion Florida Panthers in five games in the Eastern Conference Finals despite breaking their conference finals losing streak dating back to 2006 at 15 games.
Chen Lu (badminton)
Chen Lu (Chinese: 陈露, born 18 December 1997) is a Chinese badminton player. In 2016, she won the China International tournament in the mixed doubles event partnered with Wang Sijie, and in 2017, she became the runner-up in the women's doubles event partnered with Zhou Chaomin.

China International Challenge
The China International Challenge is an open international badminton tournament in China organised by the Chinese Badminton Association, sanctioned by the Badminton World Federation and Badminton Asia. Previously it was known as China Asia Satellite in 2001 and China International Challenge in 2014–2017. This tournament established since 2001, and has been an International Challenge level since 2014. In 2023, China International Challenge would be held again since the last time in 2017.
Krishna Janmasthan Temple Complex
Krishna Janmasthan Temple is a Hindu temple situated in Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India. There are three main temples inside the premises -- Keshavdev temple which is dedicated to Krishna, Garbh Griha where Krishna is believed to be born in Dvapar Yuga and Bhagvata Bhavan where presiding deities are Radha Krishna.

The place has held religious significance since at least the 6th century BCE with findings of religious artifacts in excavations. The temples were destroyed multiple times throughout history, most recently by the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb in 1670. He built the Shahi Eidgah mosque there, which still stands. In the 20th century, the new temple complex adjacent to mosque was built with the financial help from industrialists.

Dvapara Yuga
Dvapara Yuga (IAST: Dvāpara-yuga) (Devanagari: द्वापर युग), in Hinduism, is the third and third-best of the four yugas (world ages) in a Yuga Cycle, preceded by Treta Yuga and followed by Kali Yuga. Dvapara Yuga lasts for 864,000 years (2,400 divine years).

According to the Puranas, this yuga ended when Krishna returned to his eternal abode of Vaikuntha. There are only two pillars of religion during the Dvapara Yuga: compassion and truthfulness. Vishnu assumes the colour yellow and the Vedas are categorized into four parts: Rig Veda, Sama Veda, Yajur Veda and Atharva Veda.
Music Is
Music Is is a musical with a book by George Abbott, music by Richard Adler, and lyrics by Will Holt. It is the second musical adaptation of the William Shakespeare play Twelfth Night, following Your Own Thing in 1968.

Will Holt
Will Holt (April 30, 1929 – May 31, 2015) was an American singer, songwriter, librettist and lyricist.  He was known first and primarily as a folk performer during the 1950s, when he made early and influential recordings of such songs as "Sinner Man" and "Lemon Tree", for which he wrote the English lyrics.  He later became known as an interpreter of the music of Kurt Weill and Bertolt Brecht, and made significant contributions to Broadway theatre during the 1970s.
Godfried Dejonckheere
Godfried Dejonckheere (born 1 July 1952) is a retired Belgian race walker.

He was born in Roeselare and represented the club KKS Kortrijk. He finished 25th at the 1976 Olympic Games (20 km), tenth at the 1987 World Championships (50 km), 35th at the 1988 Olympic Games (20 km), and ninth at the 1991 World Championships (50 km). He was disqualified at the 1992 Olympic Games (50 km) and the 1993 World Championships (50 km).

He became Belgian champion 21 times. He was given the Golden Spike award in 1989 and 1991.

Golden Spike (Belgium)
The Gouden Spike (English: Golden Spike) is the most important athletics prize in Belgium, first awarded in 1954.

Until 1987, the prize was alternated between track and field disciplines to the athlete with the best performance of the last two years among the athletes who never won the prize; because it was only possible to win the prize once. Since 1974, for the first time an award for female athletes was also added.

Since 1988 the best male and female athlete and also the best male and female Belgian young talent of the year are elected. From that year on, in the main categories there is also an award for the second and third place (respectively called Zilveren Spike (English: Silver Spike) and Bronzen Spike (English: Bronze Spike).

This Belgian athletics prize is not to be confused with the award given at the Gouden Spike competition held annually in Leiden, Netherlands.
68th NHK Kōhaku Uta Gassen
The 68th NHK Kōhaku Uta Gassen (第68回NHK紅白歌合戦) was the 68th edition of annual NHK's Kōhaku Uta Gassen, held on December 31, 2017, live from NHK Hall (Tokyo, Japan). It was broadcast in Japan through NHK General Television (TV) and NHK Radio 1 (Radio), and worldwide through NHK World Premium and TV Japan (in US). This year, the conductor of the festival's closing theme "Hotaru no Hikari" will be replaced by Shunichi Tokura, due to the death of Masaaki Hirao on July 21, 2017.

Broadcast runs from 19:15 (JST) to 23:45 (JST), with a 5-minute break for the latest news. This is the 29th Heisei Era edition.

The White Team won this event with 2,237,644 votes, thus making the 37th overall victory from Shirogumi.

Maho Kuwako
Maho Kuwako (桑子 真帆, Kuwako Maho, born May 30, 1987) is an announcer and news anchor at NHK, Japan's public broadcaster. She currently anchors NHK's Close-up Gendai current affairs program. Kuwako was born, raised, and educated in Kawasaki, Japan, and graduated from the School of Language and Culture Studies, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies (TUFS), where she majored in the Czech language.
Nadezhda Andreyeva
Nadezhda Patrikeyeva Andreyeva (Russian: Надежда Андреева née Патрикеева; 3 January 1959 – 11 August 2014) was a Russian alpine skier. She competed at the 1980 and 1984 Winter Olympics in the slalom and giant slalom with the best achievement of sixth place in the slalom in 1980. She missed the 1976 Olympics due to a serious injury in a slalom in late 1975, which resulted in a broken pelvis and concussion.

She was born in a family of clerks and has an elder brother Yuri (born 1957), also an alpine skier who competed internationally. After the 1984 Olympics she won the national titles in slalom and giant slalom and retired from competitions. From 2001 until her death she worked as a director of sports school in a village of Shukolovo, Moscow Oblast. She was married to Vladimir Andreyev, a fellow Olympian and coach, and they had a son, Vladimir (born 1983), and a daughter, Maria (born 1993). Andreyeva died on 11 August 2014 in Moscow.

Giant slalom
Giant slalom (GS) is an alpine skiing and alpine snowboarding competitive discipline. It involves racing between sets of poles ("gates") spaced at a greater distance from each other than in slalom, but less than in Super-G.

Giant slalom and slalom make up the technical events in alpine ski racing. This category separates them from the speed events of Super-G and downhill.  The technical events are normally composed of two runs, held on different courses on the same ski run.
Gejuelo del Barro
Gejuelo del Barro (Spanish pronunciation: [xeˈxwelo ðel ˈβaro]) is a sparsely populated village and municipality in the province of Salamanca,  western Spain, part of the autonomous community of Castile-Leon. It is located 45 kilometres (28 mi) from the provincial capital city of Salamanca and has a population of only 41 people.

Province of Salamanca
Salamanca (Spanish pronunciation: [salaˈmaŋka]) is a province of western Spain, in the western part of the autonomous community of Castile and León (Castilla y León). It is bordered by the provinces of Ávila, Cáceres, Valladolid, and Zamora, and on the west by Portugal. It has an area of 12,349 km2 and in 2018 had a population of 331,473 people. It is divided into 362 municipalities, 11 comarcas, 32 mancomunidades, and five judicial districts. Of the 362 municipalities, more than half are villages with fewer than 300 people.
Juan Monjardín
Juan Monjardín Callejón (24 April 1903 – 13 November 1950) was a Spanish footballer who played as a striker. He played for Real Madrid and earned 4 caps for the Spain national football team, competing at the 1924 Summer Olympics.

A historical member of Real Madrid in the pre-war period, he was the first footballer to play for Madrid for his entire career, and thus be part of the so-called one-club men group.

Football at the 1924 Summer Olympics
Football at the 1924 Summer Olympics was the sixth edition of the football tournament at the Summer Olympic Games held in Paris. This was the first official open FIFA World Championship in history, allowing professional player participation for the first time.

The tournament expanded to 22 countries from four confederations for the first time, with African side Egypt (as was the case in the previous edition), Turkey which is partly in Asia, Uruguay representing South America and the United States representing North America.

Uruguay made a memorable debut, going undefeated and winning the gold medal. This earned them the first of the four stars above their crest.
Vasile Pârvan Boulevard
Vasile Pârvan Boulevard (Romanian: Bulevardul Vasile Pârvan) is a boulevard in Timișoara, Romania. It emerges east of Splaiul Tudor Vladimirescu, extending the central thoroughfare toward the Cetate (historic core) neighborhood. Its creation was part of a broader pattern of urban expansion that followed the post-fortification redevelopment of Timișoara's urban layout—similar to other boulevards like Citadel Boulevard, established on the former fortress perimeter.

It borders the campuses of the Politehnica University and the West University and is aligned with entertainment venues and sports facilities along the left bank of the Bega Canal.

In the Romanian road network, the boulevard corresponds to national road 59 and European road 70.

Politehnica University of Timișoara
Politehnica University of Timișoara (Romanian: Universitatea Politehnica Timișoara; abbreviated UPT) is a public university in Timișoara. Founded in 1920, it is one of the largest technical universities in Central and Eastern Europe. The 10 faculties of the university provide study programs for about 13,000 students. In 2011, Politehnica University of Timișoara was classified as an advanced research and education university by the Ministry of Education. The university is a founding member of the Romanian Alliance of Technical Universities (ARUT).
River Cegidog
The River Cegidog (Welsh: Afon Cegidog) is a river in north-east Wales. It flows mainly through Flintshire but towards the end of its course it forms the border between Flintshire and Wrexham County Borough.

Its source lies in the hills of southernmost Flintshire to the east of Rhydtalog village. It flows in a roughly north-easterly direction before turning south-east through the villages of Llanfynydd and Ffrith where the Nant-y-Ffrith stream flows into it. It then heads north-east again through a wooded valley before joining the River Alyn at Cefn-y-bedd.

The name of the river indicates a place where hemlock grows.

Cefn-y-bedd
Cefn-y-bedd (Welsh pronunciationⓘ) is a village in Flintshire, north-east Wales.

The name translates into English as "the ridge of the grave", in reference to an old tumulus which a local tale said was the burial place of Gwrle Gawr, the legendary figure after whom Caergwrle was said to be named.

Cefn-y-bedd is on the A541 road to the south of its junction with the A550 road at Abermorddu. The village is served by Cefn-y-Bedd railway station on the Borderlands Line, linking Wrexham and Bidston on the Wirral Peninsula.

It is in the community of Llanfynydd, Flintshire.
TGFbro
TGFbro (short for The Ground Floor), often shortened to simply TGF, is a British YouTube channel created on 23 May 2012 by Jamie "Jay" Michael Swingler (born 17 March 1995 in Dudley, England) and Romell Claudius Henry (born 8 February 1995 in Lisbon, Portugal). The channel primarily consisted of vlogs, internet challenges, extreme pranks, extreme stunts, and music videos. As of December 2025, the channel has over 1.49 billion views and 6.14 million subscribers.

In December 2025, the TGFbro channel announced its return to YouTube after three years of inactivity, with a 24-hour live stream inspired by their "Extreme Christmas Calendar" series.

2024 in Misfits Boxing
2024 in Misfits Boxing is the third year in the history of Misfits Boxing, a crossover boxing promotion founded by English influencer KSI and run by Mams Taylor, Kalle Sauerland, and Nisse Sauerland. Misfits Boxing held 8 events in 2024.
Brooklyn House, Howard
Brooklyn House is a heritage-listed residence at 11 William Street, Howard, Fraser Coast Region, Queensland, Australia.

It is associated with Member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly Colin Rankin and his daughter Australian Senator Annabelle Rankin.

Fraser Coast Region
The Fraser Coast Region is a local government area in the Wide Bay–Burnett region of Queensland, Australia, about 250 kilometres (160 mi) north of Brisbane, the state capital. It is centred on the twin cities of Hervey Bay and Maryborough and also contains K'gari. It was created in 2008 from a merger of the Cities of Maryborough and Hervey Bay and the Shires of Woocoo and most of Tiaro.

The resident population at the 2021 census was 111,032 and the estimated population in 2023 was 117,940.

The 2024–2025 budget of the Fraser Coast Regional Council is $477 million.
Castle (company)
Castle (formerly known as Castle Acoustics) is a British loudspeaker brand, established in 1973.

Castle Acoustics takes its name and its logo from the historic Skipton Castle, the North Yorkshire market town of Skipton having been Castle's home from its foundation to 2006.

Skipton Castle
Skipton Castle is a well-preserved Grade I Listed medieval castle in Skipton, North Yorkshire, England. It was built in 1090 by Robert de Romille, a Norman baron and is now a tourist attraction and private residence. It is located at the north end of Skipton's High Street.
Bruce Myers (bishop)
Bruce Joseph Andrew Myers OGS (born December 16, 1972), is the thirteenth Bishop of Quebec, having been installed in 2017.

Born the fifth and youngest child of Charles Harry Myers (1932–2003) and Marion Beverly Coleman (1938–), Myers has four older siblings, Tracy Lee, Charles Edward, Lesley-Anne (Gold), and Gary.  Myers was educated at the University of Toronto. After a decade as a journalist with CJAD he was ordained in 2004. He served at Quebec City and Îles-de-la-Madeleine before his election as bishop.

CJAD
CJAD (800 AM) is a commercial radio station operating in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The station has an English language news/talk radio format and identifies itself on-air as CJAD 800. Owned and operated by Bell Media, it has a daytime power of 50,000 watts but reduces power to 10,000 watts at night to avoid interfering with other stations on 800 AM. The transmitter is located near Saint-Édouard, while studios and offices are located on René-Lévesque Boulevard East in Downtown Montreal. CJAD can be heard across Canada on Bell Satellite TV channel 953.

Local hosts are heard throughout the day and evening. Affiliated with CBS News Radio for many years, in 2018 the station, along with many other Bell-owned talk radio stations in Canada, switched to NBC News Radio and 24/7 News for U.S. and international news.

CJAD and co-owned CKGM are currently the only two full-time commercial English-language stations in Quebec on the AM band.
Amsterdam Science Park
Amsterdam Science Park is a science park in the Oost borough of Amsterdam, Netherlands with focus on physics, mathematics, information technology and the life sciences. The 70 hectare (175 acre) park provides accommodations for science, business and housing. Resident groups include institutes of the natural science faculties of the University of Amsterdam, several research institutes, and related companies. Three of the colocations of the Amsterdam Internet Exchange are at the institutes SURFsara, NIKHEF, and Equinix-AM3 at the science park. The park is also home to Amsterdam University College, the liberal arts branch of the UVA.

In 2009, the Amsterdam Science Park railway station was opened by then-mayor Job Cohen.

Boroughs of Amsterdam
The boroughs of Amsterdam (Dutch: stadsdelen; lit. "city parts")  are the seven principal subdivisions of the municipality of Amsterdam, Netherlands. Each borough is governed by a directly elected district committee (bestuurscommissie). The first Amsterdam boroughs were created in 1981, with other boroughs created in later years. The last area to be granted the status of borough was Amsterdam-Centrum (2002). The existing system of seven boroughs, covering most parts of Amsterdam, is the result of a major borough reform in 2010. The current boroughs have populations of around 80,000 to 150,000, which is the equivalent to an average-sized municipality in the Netherlands. Since 2022, there is also the urban area (Dutch: stadsgebied) Weesp.
Frecciarossa 1000
The Frecciarossa 1000 (also known as ETR 1000) is a high-speed train operated by Trenitalia in Italy and by Iryo in Spain. It was developed by a joint venture of Bombardier Transportation (now part of Alstom) and AnsaldoBreda (now Hitachi Rail Italy). With a design speed of up to 400 km/h (250 mph), it is among the fastest trains in commercial production in Europe, although operation in Italy is limited to 300 km/h (186 mph) due to infrastructure constraints.

Pistoia
Pistoia (US: /pɪˈstɔɪə, piːˈstoʊjɑː/; Italian: [pisˈtoːja] ⓘ) is a city and comune in the Italian region of Tuscany, the capital of a province of the same name, located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) north-west of Florence and is crossed by the Ombrone Pistoiese, a tributary of the River Arno. It is a typical Italian medieval city, and it attracts many tourists, especially in the summer. The city is famous throughout Europe for its plant nurseries.
Ruslan Balbek
Ruslan Ismailovich Balbek (Russian: Руслан Исмаилович Бальбек; born 28 August 1977) is a Russian politician, economist. Candidate of political sciences (2019).

Deputy of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of the VII convocation, deputy chairman of the State Duma committee on nationalities (October 5, 2016 — October 12, 2021). Deputy chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Crimea (from 28 May 2014 to 
30 September 2016). Assistant to the deputy of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine (2010-2013).

Member of the All-Russian political party United Russia from 2014 to 2025 year.

Simferopol
Simferopol (/ˌsɪmfəˈroʊpəl/ SIM-fər-OH-pəl), also known as Aqmescit, is the second-largest city on the Crimean Peninsula. The city, along with the rest of Crimea, is internationally recognized as part of Ukraine, but controlled by Russia. It is considered the capital of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea.

Since 2014 it has been under the de facto control of Russia, which annexed Crimea that year and regards Simferopol as the capital of the Republic of Crimea.

Simferopol is an important political, economic and transport hub of the peninsula, and serves as the administrative centre of both Simferopol Municipality and the surrounding Simferopol District. Its population was 332,317 (2014 Census).

After the 1784 annexation of the Crimean Khanate by the Russian Empire, the Russian empress decreed the foundation of a city named Simferopol on the location of the Crimean Tatar town of Aqmescit ("White Mosque").