hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
First World
The concept of the First World was originally one of the "Three Worlds" formed by the global political landscape of the Cold War, as it grouped together those countries that were aligned with the Western Bloc of the United States. This grouping was directly opposed to the Second World, which similarly grouped together those countries that were aligned with the Eastern Bloc of the Soviet Union.

However, after the Cold War ended with the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, the definition largely shifted to instead refer to any politically stable liberal democratic country with strong rule of law, a stable capitalist economy, and a relatively high standard of living. Various ways in which these metrics are assessed are through the examination of a country's GDP, GNP, literacy rate, life expectancy, and Human Development Index. In colloquial usage, "First World" typically refers to "the highly developed industrialized nations often considered the Westernized countries of the world".

Economic stability
Economic stability is the absence of excessive fluctuations in the macroeconomy. An economy with fairly constant output growth and low and stable inflation would be considered economically stable. An economy with frequent large recessions, a pronounced business cycle, very high or variable inflation, or frequent financial crises would be considered economically unstable.
Farmer-Labour Party
The Farmer-Labour Party (農民労働党, Nōmin-rōdō-tō) was a short-lived socialist political party in Japan. The party was the first of the proletarian parties that emerged in the country after the enactment of the Universal Manhood Suffrage Law  (普通選挙法, Futsū Senkyo Hō) in 1925, which gave the vote to all males 25 years or older. The party was banned by the Japanese government just a few hours after its foundation.

Universal Manhood Suffrage Law
The Universal Manhood Suffrage Law (普通選挙法, Futsū Senkyo Hō) was a law passed in Taishō period Japan, extending suffrage to all males aged 25 and over in accordance with the principle of universal manhood suffrage, also known as "one man, one vote". Proposed by the Kenseitō political party, the law was enacted thanks to activism by the Universal Suffrage Movement in Japan and decades of organizing by the Universal Suffrage League. It was passed by the Diet of Japan on 29 March, 1925, before being promulgated on 5 May of the same year.

The law increased the electorate from 3,341,000 to 12,534,360.
Canongate Kirkyard
The Canongate Kirkyard (English: Churchyard) stands around Canongate Kirk on the Royal Mile in Edinburgh, Scotland. The churchyard was used for burials from the late 1680s until the mid-20th century.

The most celebrated burials at the kirkyard are the economist Adam Smith and the poet Robert Fergusson, but many other notable people were interred in the cemetery. It has been claimed that David Rizzio, the murdered private secretary of Mary, Queen of Scots, lies here, although it is highly unlikely that an Italian Catholic would be reinterred in a Protestant graveyard 120 years after his death.

Lord Provost of Edinburgh
The Right Honourable Lord Provost of Edinburgh is elected by and is the convener of the City of Edinburgh Council and serves not only as the chair of that body, but as a figurehead for the entire city, ex officio the Lord-Lieutenant of Edinburgh and honorarily the Admiral of the Firth of Forth. It is the equivalent in many ways to the institution of  Mayor that exists in many other countries.

While some of Scotland's local authorities elect a Provost, only the four main cities (Edinburgh, Glasgow, Aberdeen and Dundee) have a Lord Provost. In Edinburgh this position dates from 1667, when Charles II elevated the Provost to the status of Lord Provost, with the same rank and precedence as the Lord Mayor of London. The title of Lord Provost is enshrined in the Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994.
Prasad Oak
Prasad Prabhakar Oak (Marathi pronunciation: [pɾəsaːd̪ oːk]; born 17 February 1975) is an actor. He has received several awards including two Filmfare Awards Marathi, Maharashtra State Film Awards and a National Film Award.

In 2007, he participated in Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Marathi (Celebrity Round) and won, became Ajinkyatara.

National Film Awards
The National Film Awards are awards for artistic and technical merit given for excellence within the Indian film industry. Established in 1954, it has been administered, along with the International Film Festival of India and the Indian Panorama, by the Indian government's Directorate of Film Festivals from 1973 until 2020, and by the NFDC since 2021.

Every year, a national panel appointed by the government selects the winning entry, and the award ceremony is held in New Delhi, where the President of India presents the awards. This is followed by the inauguration of the National Film Festival, where award-winning films are screened for the public. Declared for films produced in the previous year across the country, they hold the distinction of awarding merit to the best of Indian cinema overall, as well as presenting awards for the best films in each region and language of the country.
RDB (band)
RDB (an acronym for Rhythm, Dhol, Bass) is a band initially formed in 1997 by three British Indian brothers, Kuldeep, Surjeet and Manjeet Singh Ral. The band's style blends western genres with traditional Punjabi beats and vocals. After the death of the eldest brother Kuldeep in 2012 and the departure of Manjeet to start a solo career, RDB has continued with the brother Surjeet.

British Indians
British Indians  are citizens of the United Kingdom (UK) whose ancestral roots are from India. 
Currently, the British Indian population exceeds 2 million people in the UK, making them the single largest visible ethnic minority population in the country. They make up the largest subgroup of British Asians and are one of the largest Indian communities in the Indian diaspora, mainly due to the Indian–British relations (including historical links such as India having been part of the British Empire and still being part of the Commonwealth of Nations). The British Indian community is the sixth largest in the Indian diaspora, behind the Indian communities in the United States, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Malaysia and Nepal. The majority of British Indians are of Punjabi and Gujarati origin with various other smaller communities from different parts of India including Kerala, West Bengal, Bihar and Uttar Pradesh.
Daqiao Township, Xinjiang
Daqiao Township (simplified Chinese: 大桥乡; traditional Chinese: 大橋鄉; pinyin: Dàqiáo Xiāng; lit. 'great or large bridge') is a township in an oasis in the north of the Tarim Basin, administratively part of Baicheng County, Aksu Prefecture, in west-central Xinjiang, China; it is situated, as the crow flies, about 30 kilometres (19 mi) southwest of the county seat and 120 kilometres (75 mi) northeast of Aksu City, the prefectural seat. As of 2018, it has nine villages and one residential zone under its administration.

Aksu Prefecture
Aksu Prefecture is located in west-central Xinjiang, China. It has an area of 131,161 km2 (50,642 sq mi) and 2.714 million inhabitants at the 2020 census whom 715,319 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made up of Aksu urban district. The name Aksu is Turkic for 'white water'. Aksu Prefecture has a 263.8 km (163.9 mi) long international boundary with Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan.
Jahangir Harun
Jahangir Harun SGP, ndc, afwc, psc is a retired major general in the Bangladesh Army.  He was GOC of  33rd Infantry Division & Area Commander, Cumilla Area. Prior to join there, he served as Commandant of Bangladesh Institute of Peace Support Operation Training (BIPSOT).

Comilla
Comilla (Bengali: কুমিল্লা), officially spelled Cumilla, is a metropolis on the banks of the Gumti River in eastern Bangladesh. Comilla was one of the cities of ancient Bengal. It was once the capital of Tripura kingdom. Comilla Airport is located in the Dulipara area of Comilla city Although it is currently replaced with Comilla Export Processing Zone (EPZ). Comilla City is a division centered city district with surrounding districts coming to Comilla in more diverse areas of work. Bibir Bazar land port is located 5 km away from Comilla city. The area of Comilla City Corporation is 53.04 square kilometers, so the surrounding areas of the main city fall under the jurisdiction of the City Corporation. The urban areas falling outside the Comilla City Corporation are considered suburbs, forming part of the metro area, which was estimated at 691,000 in 2025- a 2.98% increase from 2024.
Keroche Breweries
Keroche Breweries  is a Kenyan brewer and alcoholic beverages manufacturer. Founded in 1997 by Tabitha Karanja and her husband Joseph Karanja as a fortified wine maker, the company has grown to be the second largest alcoholic beverages producer in Kenya. The company's headquarters is located in Naivasha, Kenya. The Karanja family are the company's majority shareholders as well as C-Suite executives. The company's flagship brand is Summit Lager. It also brews Summit Malt and KB Lager. The company also produces a range of wines under the Valley Wines brand, ready-to-drink vodkas under its Viena Ice brand and spirits including dry gin, whiskey, brandy and vodka under its Crescent brand.

Corporate title
Corporate titles or business titles are given to corporate officers to show what duties and responsibilities they have in the organization. Such titles are used by publicly and privately held for-profit corporations, cooperatives, nonprofit organizations, educational institutions, partnerships, and sole proprietorships that also confer corporate titles.
68th Filmfare Awards
The 68th Filmfare Awards was a ceremony, presented by The Times Group, honored the best Indian Hindi-language films of 2022.

Gangubai Kathiawadi led the ceremony with 17 nominations, and won a leading 11 awards, including Best Film, Best Director (for Sanjay Leela Bhansali) and Best Actress (for Alia Bhatt).

Badhaai Do won 6 awards, including Best Film (Critics), Best Actor (for Rajkummar Rao), Best Actress (Critics) (for Bhumi Pednekar) and Best Supporting Actress (for Sheeba Chaddha), and Brahmāstra: Part One – Shiva won 5 awards, including Best Music Director (for Pritam), Best Lyricist (for Amitabh Bhattacharya) and Best Male Playback Singer (for Arijit Singh), the latter two for the song "Kesariya".

Sheeba Chaddha received dual nominations for Best Supporting Actress for her performances in Badhaai Do and Doctor G, winning the award for the former.

Sheeba Chaddha
Sheeba Chaddha is an Indian film, stage and television actress. She received nominations for the Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performances in the 2022 films Badhaai Do and Doctor G, winning for the former.
Neguitão (sambist)
Darly Silva, better known as Neguitão is a Brazilian sambist, who presided over samba school GRES Vai-Vai from 2010 to 2019.

Neguitão gained relevance during the 2010s, mainly due to his performance on the day of evaluation of samba schools grades, when confusion occurred several times during the event.

During his administration, Vai-Vai won the 2011 (works of maestro João Carlos Martins) and 2015 (tribute to singer Elis Regina) carnivals.

Vai-Vai
Grêmio Recreativo Cultural Social Escola de Samba Vai-Vai, popularly known simply as Vai-Vai is a  samba school from São Paulo, Brazil. At the beginning of the 20th century, there were in the neighborhood Bixiga, at Rua Marques Lion, a football team called Cai-Cai which used the colors black and white, which formed part of a group of crying and played in the field of Lusitana, near the intersection of rock and Una, Saracura River region. Around 1928 a group of friends, led by Livinho and Benedito Sardinha helped to animate the games and parties performed by the Cai-Cai, but were always seen as freeloaders and troublemakers, being called jokingly as "the Vae-Vae gang." Expelled from the Cai-Cai, they created the "Pack of the Tattered", and in parallel, the Vae-Vae Carnival and Sports Cord, which was formalized in 1930.

Vai-Vai is a multiple times champion at the Carnival of São Paulo.
Kariya, Aichi
Kariya (刈谷市, Kariya-shi) is a city in central Aichi Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 October 2019, the city had an estimated population of 153,162 in 66,751 households, and a population density of 3,040 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 50.39 square kilometres (19.46 sq mi).

Mikawa Province
Mikawa Province (三河国, Mikawa no Kuni, Japanese pronunciation: [mʲiꜜ.ka.wa (no kɯ.ɲi), mʲi.ka.waꜜ-]) was an old province in the area that today forms the eastern half of Aichi Prefecture. Its abbreviated form name was Sanshū (三州 or 参州). Mikawa bordered on Owari, Mino, Shinano, and Tōtōmi Provinces.

Mikawa is classified as one of the provinces of the Tōkaidō. Under the Engishiki classification system, Mikawa was ranked as a "superior country" (上国) and a "near country" (近国) in terms of its distance from the capital.
75B
75B is a design studio based in Rotterdam, Netherlands.

They designed the identity for the International Film Festival Rotterdam, Ro Theatre, Van Abbemuseum, and Codarts. 
They also made autonomous works that were exhibited at the Fons Welters Gallery in Amsterdam and are part of the collection of Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam, SF MOMA and the Graphic Design Museum Breda.

Codarts
Codarts University for the Arts (Dutch: Codarts hogeschool voor de kunsten) is a Dutch vocational university in Rotterdam that teaches music, dance and circus. It was established in its present location in 2000.
2022 IIHF U20 Asia and Oceania Championship
The 2022 IIHF U20 Asia and Oceania Championship was an international men's under-20 ice hockey tournament organized by the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF). The tournament took place between 25 June and 2 July at Thailand International Ice Hockey Arena in Bangkok, Thailand, and was the sixth edition held since its formation in 2012 under the IIHF Asia and Oceania Championship series of tournaments. To be eligible as a "junior" player in this tournament, a player cannot be born earlier than 2002.

Thailand won its first U20 Asia and Oceania Championship and its first gold medal ever on home ice after defeating Singapore 4–3 in the gold medal game. Hong Kong won the bronze medal after a 6–5 victory over the United Arab Emirates. Malaysia finished in 5th place, while the Philippines finished in 6th place after being affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, forcing them to withdraw partway through the tournament and forfeit their last two games.

Philippines men's national junior ice hockey team
The Philippine men's national under-20 ice hockey team is the national under-20 ice hockey team of the Philippines. The team is controlled by the Federation of Ice Hockey League (FIHL), an associate member of the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF). The team have not entered in any IIHF World U20 Championship.
Vannathirai
Vannathirai  (VTV) is a 24-hour Tamil movie channel that includes live talks with hosts and Singaporean celebrities. Launched on 24 September 2008 and broadcast in Singapore through cable television, it is suitable for all age groups as it screens films from the 1960s to the latest releases in 2019.

As a popular Tamil media, the channel is known among Singaporeans for broadcasting various classic hit movies and blockbusters.

Blockbuster (entertainment)
A blockbuster is a work of entertainment—typically used to describe a feature film produced by a major film studio, but also other media—that is highly popular and financially successful. The term has also come to refer to any large-budget production intended for "blockbuster" status, aimed at mass markets with associated merchandising, sometimes on a scale that meant the financial fortunes of a film studio or a distributor could depend on it.
Christopher North (composer)
Christopher North Renquist (born February 6, 1969), known professionally as Christopher North, is an American composer, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist musician, conductor, producer, and educator.  Working most notably as a film composer, he has also composed and written for orchestra, theater, and dance, His songs are heard around the globe on children's television, in films, on radio, and on streaming platforms. North has conducted at Carnegie Hall, sang at Lincoln Center and played in Broadway theater as a bassist and guitarist.

92nd Street Y
92nd Street Y, New York (92NY) is a cultural and community center located in the  Carnegie Hill neighborhood of the Upper East Side of Manhattan in New York City, at the corner of East 92nd Street and Lexington Avenue. Founded in 1874 as the Young Men's Hebrew Association, the 92nd Street Y (often simply called "the Y") transformed from a secular social club to a large arts and cultural center in the 20th century.
Drama Queens (TV series)
Drama Queens is a British reality television series broadcast on ITVBe and ITVX, following the lives of actresses who appear or have appeared in various soap operas including Coronation Street, EastEnders, Emmerdale and Hollyoaks. The series aired from 10 April 2024 for 8 episodes. On 7 September 2024, Drama Queens was cancelled after one series.

ITVBe
ITVBe was a British free-to-air television channel owned by ITV plc. Launched on 8 October 2014, the channel was positioned as a spin-off of ITV2 targeting a female audience, focusing primarily upon reality and lifestyle programmes.

In April 2025, ITV announced that ITVBe would close and be replaced by ITV Quiz. ITVBe closed on 9 June 2025, and ITV Quiz launched the same day.
2017–18 Luge World Cup
The 2017–18 Luge World Cup was a multi race tournament over a season for Luge, organised by the FIL. The season started on 18 November 2017 in Innsbruck, Austria, and ended on 27 January 2018 in Sigulda, Latvia.

International Luge Federation
The International Luge Federation  (French: Fédération Internationale de Luge (FIL); German: Internationaler Rennrodelverband) is the main international federation for all luge sports. Founded by 13 nations at Davos, Switzerland in 1957, it has members of 53 national luge associations as of 2009 and is based in Berchtesgaden, Germany.
National Advocacy Service (Ireland)
The National Advocacy Service for People with Disabilities, also known as the National Advocacy Service (NAS), is a statutory body in Ireland. It was established in January 2011, fulfilling the legislative obligations as established in the Comhairle Act 2000 and the Citizens Information Act 2007. The NAS is primarily funded by the Citizens Information Board. The Irish Human Rights and Equality Commission website describes the National Advocacy Service as providing "an independent, confidential and free, representative advocacy service" with a "particular remit for people with disabilities".

Irish Human Rights and Equality Commission
The Irish Human Rights and Equality Commission (IHREC) the Republic of Ireland's national human rights institution (NHRI) and National Equality Body. It is a statutory body which is publicly funded but independent of government. The Chief Commissioner is Liam Herrick.
CADPAC
CADPAC, the Cambridge Analytic Derivatives Package, is a suite of programs for ab initio computational chemistry calculations. It has been developed by R. D. Amos with contributions from I. L. Alberts, J. S. Andrews, S. M. Colwell, N. C. Handy, D. Jayatilaka, P. J. Knowles, R. Kobayashi, K. E. Laidig, G. Laming, A. M. Lee, P. E. Maslen, C. W. Murray, J. E. Rice, E. D. Simandiras, A. J. Stone, M.-D. Su and D. J. Tozer. at the University of Cambridge since 1981. It is capable of molecular Hartree–Fock calculations, Møller–Plesset calculations, various other correlated calculations and density functional theory calculations.

Computational chemistry
Computational chemistry is a branch of chemistry that uses computer simulations to assist in solving chemical problems. It uses methods of theoretical chemistry incorporated into computer programs to calculate the structures and properties of molecules, groups of molecules, and solids.  The importance of this subject stems from the fact that, with the exception of some relatively recent findings related to the hydrogen molecular ion (dihydrogen cation), achieving an accurate quantum mechanical depiction of chemical systems analytically, or in a closed form, is not feasible. The complexity inherent in the many-body problem exacerbates the challenge of providing detailed descriptions of quantum mechanical systems. While computational results normally complement information obtained by chemical experiments, it can occasionally predict unobserved chemical phenomena.
First Attack on Prekaz
The First Attack on Prekaz occurred on 22 and 23 January 1998 during the Insurgency in Kosovo when the Yugoslav Army and Serbian police attacked the Jashari compound in Donji Prekaz, Kosovo. The goal of the attack was to arrest one of the founders of the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA), Adem Jashari after he was charged with terrorism in absentia along with several other individuals in a trial that was criticized for not conforming to international standards.

Adem Jashari was not present during the attack and the police retreated after being repelled by men inside the compound on 22 January. The police made a second attempt a day later but were repelled by thousands of Adem Jashari's supporters that descended on the village.

The attack was followed by a larger attack initiated months later on 5 March 1998, which resulted in the deaths of Adem Jashari, his brother Hamëz, and nearly sixty other people, many of them women, children, and elderly people.

Trial in absentia
Trial in absentia is a criminal proceeding in a court of law in which the person being tried is not present. In absentia is Latin for "in (the) absence". Its interpretation varies by jurisdiction and legal system.

In common law legal systems, the phrase is more than a spatial description. In these systems, it suggests a recognition of a violation of a defendant's right to be present in court proceedings in a criminal trial. Conviction in a trial in which a defendant is not present to answer the charges is held to be a violation of natural justice. Specifically, it violates the second principle of natural justice, audi alteram partem (hear the other party).

In some civil law legal systems, such as that of Italy, absentia is a recognized and accepted defense strategy. Such trials may require the presence of the defendant's lawyer, depending on the country.
Sita Kund, Motihari
Sita Kund (Maithili: सीता कुंड) in Motihari is a legendary sacred pond related to the Indian epic Ramayana. According to legend, it is believed that during the Treta Yuga, Lord Rama's wedding procession (Ram Baraat) stopped at this place in Motihari and took rest for a night. It is located at outskirts of Motihari town at Vedivan (Bedivan) Madhuban Panchayat in the Chakiya block of the East Champaran district in the Mithila region of the Indian subcontinent. In the ancient, the village was in the Videha Kingdom ruled by King Janaka. It is believed that the princess Sita of Mithila took her bath in this pond during her stay at this village.

Motihari
Motihari is a city and headquarters of East Champaran district in the Indian state of Bihar. It is located 80 kilometres west of Muzaffarpur and 152 kilometres northwest of the state capital Patna. In early days the land of Motihari was ruled by different kingdoms as Videha, Sunga, Kanvas. It is also believed that Champaran used to be a major part of King Janak's empire. Mahatma Gandhi started his famous Satyagraha movement from here.