hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
152nd (Weyburn-Estevan) Battalion, CEF
The 152nd Battalion, CEF, was a unit of the Canadian Expeditionary Force during the Great War. It was authorized on 22 December 1915, recruiting in Weyburn and Estevan, Saskatchewan, and embarked for Great Britain on 3 October 1916, where its personnel were absorbed by the 32nd Reserve Battalion, CEF, on 21 October 1916 to provide reinforcements for the Canadian Corps in the field. The battalion was disbanded on 21 May 1917.

The 152nd Battalion had one officer commanding: Lieutenant-Colonel S. B. Nelles.

The 152nd Battalion is perpetuated by The South Saskatchewan Regiment, the perpetuation having been passed down through these units:

1st Battalion (152nd Battalion, CEF), The Saskatchewan Border Regiment (1924–1936)

The South Saskatchewan Regiment (1936–present)

The battalion's king's colour and regimental colour are laid up at the Estevan branch of the Royal Canadian Legion.

In 1929, the battalion was awarded the theatre of war honour The Great War, 1916.

Weyburn
Weyburn is the tenth-largest city in Saskatchewan, Canada. The city has a population of 11,019. It is on the Souris River 110 kilometres (68 mi) southeast of the provincial capital of Regina and is  70 kilometres (43 mi) north from the North Dakota border in the United States. The name is reputedly a corruption of the Scottish "wee burn," referring to a small creek. The city is surrounded by the Rural Municipality of Weyburn No. 67.
Institution (computer science)
The notion of institution was created by Joseph Goguen and Rod Burstall in the late 1970s, in order to deal with the  "population explosion among the logical systems used in computer science". The notion attempts to "formalize the informal" concept of logical system.

The use of institutions makes it possible to develop concepts of specification languages (like structuring of specifications, parameterization, implementation, refinement, and development), proof calculi, and even tools in a way completely independent of the underlying logical system. There are also morphisms that allow to relate and translate logical systems. Important applications of this are re-use of logical structure (also called borrowing), and heterogeneous specification and combination of logics.

The spread of institutional model theory has generalized various notions and results of model theory, and institutions themselves have impacted the progress of universal logic.

Specification language
A specification language is a formal language in computer science used during systems analysis, requirements analysis, and systems design to describe a system at a much higher level than a programming language, which is used to produce the executable code for a system.
Philip August
Philip George Michael August (born 8 May 1949) is a former English cricketer.  August was a left-handed batsman who fielded as a wicket-keeper.  He was born in Enfield, Middlesex.

August made his debut for Bedfordshire against Shropshire in the 1975 Minor Counties Championship.  He played Minor counties cricket for Bedfordshire from 1975 to 1986, making 71 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 5 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances.  He made his List A debut against Somerset in the 1982 NatWest Trophy.  In this match, he was not required to bat, with Somerset winning by 4 wickets.  He made a further List A appearance against Gloucestershire in the 1985 NatWest Trophy.  He scored 16 runs in this match, before being dismissed by Courtney Walsh.

His father, George, also played Minor counties cricket for Bedfordshire, as well as first-class cricket for the Minor Counties cricket team.

Bedfordshire County Cricket Club
Bedfordshire County Cricket Club is one of 20 Minor County clubs within the domestic cricket structure of England and Wales. It represents the historic county of Bedfordshire.

The team is currently a member of the Minor Counties Championship Eastern Division and plays in the MCCA Knockout Trophy. Bedfordshire played List A matches occasionally from 1967 until 2005 but is not classified as a List A team.
Wallan derailment
The Wallan derailment occurred on 20 February 2020, when a NSW TrainLink XPT passenger train derailed while passing through a turnout at Wallan, Victoria, Australia. Of the 162 total on board, there were two fatalities and 61 passengers were injured, eight of whom sustained serious injuries.

The service was running from Sydney to Melbourne and was passing through Wallan. The interim report into the accident indicated that the train had entered the turnout, with a specified speed limit of 15 kilometres per hour (9.3 mph), at more than 115 kilometres per hour (71 mph).

Derailment
In rail transport, a derailment is a type of railway accident that occurs when a moving rail vehicle such as a train comes off its rails. Although many derailments are minor, all result in temporary disruption of the proper operation of the railway system and they are a potentially serious hazard.

A derailment of a train can be caused by a collision with another object, operator error (such as excessive speed through a curve), mechanical failure of tracks (such as broken rails) or wheels, among other causes. In emergency situations, deliberate derailment with derails or catch points is sometimes used to prevent a more serious accident.
Kavaledurga Fort
Kavualedurga Fort (Kannada ಕವಲೇದುರ್ಗದ ಕೋಟೆ) is a 9th-century fort 18 km (11 mi) from Thirthahalli, Shimoga. It was the fourth and last capital of Keladi kingdom. The fort was administered by the Keladi Nayakas from 1499 and later asserted its independence following the 1565 fall of Vijayanagara, enduring sieges and serving as a refuge for figures such as Queen Chennamma in 1677 and the Maratha prince Rajaram in 1689. Under successive Mysore rulers it saw intermittent garrison use before gradual abandonment left its concentric walls, hidden stairways, and temple ruins to decay amid lush monsoon foliage.

Shimoga
Shimoga, officially Shivamogga (Kannada: [ʃiʋɐmoɡːɐ]), is a city and the district headquarters of Shimoga district in the Karnataka state of India. The city lies on the banks of the Tunga River. Being the gateway for the hilly region of the Western Ghats, the city is popularly nicknamed the "Gateway of Malnad". The population of Shimoga city is 322,650 as per 2011 census. The city has been selected for the Smart Cities Mission standing in the fourth position in the state and 25th in the country as of November 2020.

The city is 569 m above sea level and is surrounded by lush green paddy fields, arecanut and coconut groves. It is located 267 km from the state capital Bangalore and 195 km from the port city Mangalore.
Stanley Dance
Stanley Frank Dance (15 September 1910 in Braintree, Essex – 23 February 1999 in Vista, California) was a British jazz writer, business manager, record producer, and historian of the Swing era. He was personally close to Duke Ellington over a long period, as well as many other musicians; because of this friendship Dance was in a position to write "official" biographies. Over his career, his priority was advocating for the music of black ensembles performing sophisticated arrangements, based on Swing-era dance music.

JazzTimes
JazzTimes was an American print magazine devoted to jazz.  Published 10 times a year, it was founded in Washington, D.C., in 1970 by Ira Sabin as the newsletter Radio Free Jazz to complement his record store.
Yourself!Fitness
Yourself!Fitness is an exercise video game, developed by Respondesign. It was published first for the Xbox, and later for PlayStation 2 and Microsoft Windows. Through a publishing deal with Ubisoft, Yourself!Fitness was ported to and released on the Wii in December 2008 under the name My Fitness Coach.

Ubisoft
Ubisoft Entertainment SA (/ˈjuːbisɒft/; French: [ybisɔft]; formerly Ubi Soft Entertainment SA) is a French video game publisher headquartered in Saint-Mandé with development studios across the world. Its video game franchises include Anno, Assassin's Creed, Driver, Far Cry, Just Dance, Prince of Persia, Rabbids, Rayman, Tom Clancy's, and Watch Dogs.

Ubisoft is led by chairman and CEO Yves Guillemot. The company first achieved commercial and critical success with their 1995 platform game Rayman. In 1996, the company began to expand to other parts of the world, opening studios in Shanghai, Montreal and Milan. In recent years, Ubisoft has struggled financially, reporting a strong decline in revenue in 2024 and laying off 700 employees in 2025.
Life Regiment Grenadiers
Life Regiment Grenadiers (Swedish: Livregementets grenadjärer), also I 3, was a Swedish Army infantry unit that was active in various forms 1815–2000. The unit was based in Örebro Garrison in Örebro and belonged to the King's Life and Household Troops (Kungl. Maj:ts Liv- och Hustrupper) until 1974.

Swedish Army
The Swedish Army (Swedish: Svenska Armén) is the land force of the Swedish Armed Forces of the Kingdom of Sweden. Beginning with its service in 1521, the Swedish Army has been active for more than 500 years.
Frank Shipley Collins
Frank Shipley Collins (February 6, 1848 in Charleston, Massachusetts–1920) was an American botanist and algologist specializing in the study of marine algae.: 55–6  He was a pioneer in the study of the distribution of algae on the Atlantic seaboard and Bermudas and was the leading American algologist of his time.: 55–6  He wrote The Green Algae of North America and Working Key to the Genera of North American Algae.: 56  Several species bear his name in his honor, including Collinsiella tuberculata (green algae in the order Ulotrichales), and Phaeosaccion collinsii.: 56

One of his major undertakings was the co-editing of the exsiccata series, that became collectively known by the title of the first volume, the Phycotheca Boreali-Americana. Starting with 1895 until 1919, Collins teamed up with botanists William Albert Setchell and Isaac Holden to create this kind of published specimen collections of dried North American freshwater and marine algae.

Phycology
Phycology (from Ancient Greek  φῦκος (phûkos) 'seaweed' and  -λογία (-logía) 'study of') is the scientific study of algae.  Also known as algology, phycology is a branch of life science.

Algae are important as primary producers in aquatic ecosystems. Most algae are eukaryotic, photosynthetic organisms that live in a wet environment. They are distinguished from the higher plants by a lack of true roots, stems or leaves. They do not produce flowers. Many species are single-celled and microscopic (including phytoplankton and other microalgae); many others are multicellular to one degree or another, some of these growing to large size (for example, seaweeds such as kelp and Sargassum).

A number of microscopic algae also occur as symbionts in lichens.

Phycologists typically focus on either freshwater or ocean algae, and further within those areas, either diatoms or soft algae.
Auchenorrhyncha
The Auchenorrhyncha suborder of the Hemiptera contains most of the familiar members of what was called the "Homoptera" – groups such as cicadas, leafhoppers, treehoppers, planthoppers, and spittlebugs. The aphids and scale insects are the other well-known "Homoptera", and they are in the suborder Sternorrhyncha.

Distributed worldwide, all members of this group are plant-feeders, and many are vectors of viral and fungal diseases of plants.

It is also common for Auchenorrhyncha species to produce either audible sounds or substrate vibrations as a form of communication. Such calls range from vibrations inaudible to humans, to the calls of many species of cicadas that can be heard for hundreds of metres, at least. In season, they produce the most characteristic and ubiquitous noise of the bush.

Fulgoridae
The family Fulgoridae is a large group of hemipteran insects, especially abundant and diverse in the tropics, containing over 125 genera worldwide. They are mostly of moderate to large size, many with a superficial resemblance to Lepidoptera due to their brilliant and varied coloration. Various genera and species (especially the genera Fulgora and Pyrops) are sometimes referred to as lanternflies or lanthorn flies.

The head of some species is produced into a hollow process, resembling a snout, which is sometimes inflated and nearly as large as the body of the insect, sometimes elongated, narrow and apically upturned. It was believed, mainly on the authority of Maria Sibylla Merian, that this process, the so-called lantern, was luminous at night in the living insect. Carl Linnaeus adopted the statement without question and coined a number of specific names, such as laternaria, phosphorea and candelaria to illustrate the supposed fact, and thus propagated the myth.
Garden, Karachi
Garden (Urdu: گارڈ ن) is an upmarket neighbourhood, which is in the Karachi South district of Karachi, Pakistan. It is subdivided into two neighborhoods: Garden East and Garden West. It is the residential area around the Karachi Zoological Gardens, hence it is popularly known as 'Garden' area. Garden East is home to a house of worship for Baháʼís. It is also location of the Cincinnatus Town neighborhood which was established by Goan Catholics. The main Karimabad Jamaat Khana is the largest Ismai'li house of worship in the world.

The population of Garden used to be primarily Ismaili and Goan Catholic, but has seen increasing numbers of Memons, Pashtuns, and Baloch.

Garden area is divided into:

Garden East

Garden West

Other areas of Garden are:

Usmanabad

Badshahi Compound

Hasan Lashkari Village

Dhobi Ghat

Shoe Market area

Pakistan Quarters

Jama'at Khana
Jamatkhana or Jamat Khana (from Persian: جماعت خانه, literally "congregational place") is an amalgamation derived from the Arabic word jama'a (gathering) and the Persian word khana (house, place). It is a term used by some Muslim communities around the world, particularly Sufi ones, to a place of gathering. Among some communities of Muslims, the term is often used interchangeably with the Arabic word musallah (a place of worship that has not been formally sanctified as a masjid  or is a place that is being temporarily used as a place of worship by a Muslim). The Nizārī Ismā'īlī community uses the term Jama'at Khana to denote their places of worship.
Sports in Syracuse
Syracuse, New York, United States, is a top-division, minor-league and college sports city. Teams include the Syracuse Mets of AAA Baseball and the Syracuse Crunch of the AHL. The most attended sporting events in Syracuse are those of the NCAA Division I Syracuse University Orange.

Syracuse Orange
The Syracuse Orange are the athletic teams that represent Syracuse University. The school is a member of NCAA Division I and the Atlantic Coast Conference. Until 2013, Syracuse was a member of the Big East Conference.

The school's mascot is Otto the Orange. Until 2004, the teams were known as the Orangemen and Orangewomen. The men's basketball, football, wrestling, men's lacrosse, and women's basketball teams play in the JMA Wireless Dome, referred to as the JMA Dome. Other sports facilities include the nearby John A. Lally Athletics Complex, the Tennity Ice Skating Pavilion, and Drumlins Country Club.
Fyre (software)
Fyre, formerly de Jong Explorer, is a cross-platform tool for producing artwork based on histograms of iterated chaotic functions. It implements the Peter de Jong map in a fixed function pipeline through either a GTK GUI frontend, or a command line facility for easier rendering of high-resolution, high quality images. The program was renamed from de Jong Explorer to Fyre simply because 'It wasn't taken yet' and so that in the future, it could support more functions than just the standard Peter de Jong map. Fyre features a sidebar on the left to which the user can input the required variables and on the right is displayed the result of the equation.

Image resolution
Image resolution is the level of detail of an image. The term applies to digital images, film images, and other types of images. "Higher resolution" means more image detail.
Image resolution can be measured in various ways. Resolution quantifies how close lines can be to each other and still be visibly resolved. Resolution units can be tied to physical sizes (e.g. lines per mm, lines per inch), to the overall size of a picture (lines per picture height, also known simply as lines, TV lines, or TVL), or to angular subtense. Instead of single lines, line pairs are often used, composed of a dark line and an adjacent light line; for example, a resolution of 10 lines per millimeter means 5 dark lines alternating with 5 light lines, or 5 line pairs per millimeter (5 LP/mm). Photographic lens are most often quoted in line pairs per millimeter.
Janusz, Łódź Voivodeship
Janusz [ˈjanuʂ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lututów, within Wieruszów County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) north-east of Lututów, 24 km (15 mi) north-east of Wieruszów, and 83 km (52 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Lututów
Lututów [luˈtutuf] is a small town in Wieruszów County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Lututów. It lies approximately 22 km (14 mi) east of Wieruszów and 85 km (53 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź. The town has a population of 2,241 (2020).
Kalyani (raga)
Kalyani is a melakarta ragam (parent musical scale) in the Carnatic music. It is the prati madhyama equivalent of the raga Sankarabharanam. It was called Kalyan but is now more popularly called Yaman in Hindustani Music. Its Western equivalent is the Lydian mode.

Swathi Thirunal Rama Varma
Sri Swathi Thirunal Rama Varma III (16 April 1813 – 26 December 1846) was the Maharaja of the Kingdom of Travancore. He was a musician and composer who wrote over 400 classical compositions in both Carnatic and Hindustani style.

A code of laws, courts of justice, introduction of English education, construction of an observatory, installation of the first Government printing press, establishment of the first manuscripts library were amongst the many initiatives taken by Swathi Thirunal, as a King, to modernize Travancore.
Runar Berg
Runar Berg (born 7 October 1970) is a Norwegian former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. He played for Bodø/Glimt, Rosenborg, Tromsø, Lyn, and Venezia. Berg is brother of former Bodø/Glimt and Rosenborg player Ørjan Berg, and son of former Bodø/Glimt midfielder and playmaker Harald Berg.

Tromsø IL
Tromsø Idrettslag (Northern Sami: Romssa Valáštallansearvi) is a Norwegian professional football club based in Tromsø. They play their home games at the Romssa Arena which has a seating capacity of 6,801. Tromsø play in the Eliteserien.

Despite never winning the Eliteserien title, they have finished as runner-up in 1990 and 2011. They have won the Norwegian Cup twice: in 1986 and 1996, and were runner-up in 2012. Their wins make them the northernmost football club in the world to have won a national title. Tromsø has competed in several UEFA competitions: the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, UEFA Intertoto Cup, and UEFA Europa League.
Communauté de communes Moret Seine et Loing
The Communauté de communes Moret Seine et Loing is a federation of municipalities (communauté de communes) in the Seine-et-Marne département and in the Île-de-France région of France. Its area is 228.2 km2, and its population was 38,818 in 2018.

Seine-et-Marne
Seine-et-Marne (French pronunciation: [sɛn e maʁn] ⓘ; lit. 'Seine and Marne') is a department in the Île-de-France region in Northern France. Named after the rivers Seine and Marne, it is the region's largest department with an area of 5,915 square kilometres (2,284 square miles); it roughly covers its eastern half. In 2019, it had a population of 1,421,197. Its prefecture is Melun, although both Meaux and Chelles have larger populations.
David Richard
David Richard (born May 12, 2000) is a Canadian international rugby union player.

A native of Milton, Ontario, Richard was educated at Jean Vanier Catholic Secondary School.

Richard, a centre and winger, specialises in rugby sevens, debuting for the national team in the 2018–19 season. He was capped for the Canada XV against Belgium in 2021 and made two more capped appearances the following year. In 2023, Richard was in the rugby seven side that claimed a bronze medal at the Pan American Games in Santiago, Chile.

Milton, Ontario
Milton (2021 census population 132,979) is a town in Southern Ontario, Canada, and part of the Halton Region in the Greater Toronto Area. Between 2001 and 2011, Milton was the fastest growing municipality in Canada, with a 71.4% increase in population from 2001 to 2006 and another 56.5% increase from 2006 to 2011. In 2016, Milton's census population was 110,128 with an estimated growth to 228,000 by 2031. It remained the fastest growing community in Ontario but was deemed to be the sixth fastest growing in Canada at that time.

Milton is located 54 km (34 mi) west of Downtown Toronto on Highway 401, and is the western terminus for the Milton line commuter train and bus corridor operated by GO Transit. Milton is situated on the Niagara Escarpment, a UNESCO world biosphere reserve and the Bruce Trail.
Todd Chrisley
Michael Todd Chrisley (born April 6, 1968 or 1969) is an American media personality, real‑estate entrepreneur, and convicted fraudster. He is known as the patriarch of Chrisley Knows Best, a USA Network series that aired from 2014 to 2023 and chronicled his family’s lives in Georgia and Tennessee. Chrisley’s flamboyant taste, sharp one‑liners, and famously strict helicopter parenting style became signature elements of the show.

In August 2019, Chrisley and his wife Julie were indicted on 12 counts, including conspiracy to commit bank fraud, wire fraud, and tax evasion. They were convicted of all charges in June 2022. In November 2022, Todd Chrisley was sentenced to 12 years in prison. Both Chrisleys were later pardoned by President Donald Trump in May 2025.

Helicopter parent
A helicopter parent (also called a cosseting parent or simply a cosseter) is a parent considered overattentive and overly fearful for their child, particularly outside the home and at educational institutions. Helicopter parents are so named because, like helicopters, they "hover overhead", overseeing every aspect of their child's life. A helicopter parent is also known to strictly supervise their children in all aspects of their lives, including in social interactions. The term originally gained popularity regarding the behaviour of parents towards their adult children; however, in recent years, the use of term has expanded to cover parenting practices at increasingly younger ages.
Who-Dun-It (TV series)
Who-Dun-It is a 1969 British television crime drama series. It was a series of 13 television plays where a detective tries to solve a murder and the audience is presented with the clues to give them a challenge to solve it themselves. The lead investigator, who also narrated the shows, changed back and forth during the series starting with Jeremy Moon (played by Gary Raymond), followed by Detective Inspector Trubshaw (Victor Platt), Cynthia Park (Amanda Reiss) and Inspector White (Anthony Sagar). The series aired on ATN 7 in Australia in 1971.

TV Times ran their own series of Who-dun-it articles alongside the TV series to get viewers "into training".

Anthony Sagar
Anthony Sagar (19 June 1920 – 24 January 1973) was an English character actor and a member of the National Theatre. He was prolific screen performer and appeared in many films (including seven of the Carry On series) and television series including the 1959 adaptation of The Moonstone, Steptoe and Son, The Avengers and Dad's Army.