hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thornton-Cleveleys War Memorial
Erected in 1923, the Thornton-Cleveleys War Memorial is located in Thornton-Cleveleys, Lancashire, England. A Grade II listed structure, it stands in a small garden in the southwestern corner of a junction known as Four Lane Ends.

Designed by Albert Toft and sculpted by W. L. Cookson, the memorial consists of a bronze statue depicting a soldier standing with a rifle.  The statue is on a square granite shaft, on a tapered plinth, on a base of two steps.  On the shaft is an inscription and the names of those lost in the First World War.  In front and at the sides of the memorial are three granite tablets in the form of open books with the names of those lost in the Second World War.  Colonel Hugh Jeudwine was present at the memorial's unveiling on 11 November 1923.

Albert Toft
Albert Toft (3 June 1862 – 18 December 1949) was a British sculptor.

Toft's career was dominated by public commemorative commissions in bronze, mostly single statues of military or royal figures.  The Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria in 1897, Boer War to 1902, and then World War I to 1918, provided plentiful commissions.  The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography describes Toft as one of the major figures of the "New Sculpture" movement following on from William Hamo Thornycroft and George Frampton. Toft described his work as 'Idealist' but he also said of himself that "to become an idealist you must necessarily first be a realist."

His father was a notable modeller in ceramics, and his brother was the landscape artist Joseph Alfonso Toft.
Nikita Nekrasov
Nikita Alexandrovich Nekrasov (Russian: Ники́та Алекса́ндрович Некра́сов; born 10 April 1973) is a Russian mathematical and theoretical physicist at the Simons Center for Geometry and Physics and C.N.Yang Institute for Theoretical Physics at Stony Brook University in New York, and a Professor of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

David Gross
David Jonathan Gross (/ɡroʊs/; born February 19, 1941) is an American theoretical physicist and string theorist. He shared the 2004 Nobel Prize in Physics with Frank Wilczek and Hugh David Politzer "for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction".

Gross is the Chancellor's Chair Professor of Theoretical Physics at the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics (KITP) of the University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB), and was formerly the KITP director and holder of their Frederick W. Gluck Chair in Theoretical Physics. He is also a faculty member in the UCSB Physics Department and is affiliated with the Institute for Quantum Studies at Chapman University in California. He is a foreign member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Fanny Eckerlin
Fanny Eckerlin (1802–1842) was an Italian mezzo-soprano who also sang contralto roles. During her career she was highly regarded, drawing favorable comparisons to Benedetta Rosmunda Pisaroni, but today she is remembered, if at all, for her association with the early career of Gaetano Donizetti, including creating the title role in his first publicly-performed opera, Enrico di Borgogna.

Enrico di Borgogna
Enrico di Borgogna (Henry of Burgundy) is an opera eroica or "heroic" opera in two acts by Gaetano Donizetti. Bartolomeo Merelli (who later, as Intendant at La Scala, was to commission Verdi's first opera), wrote the Italian libretto based on Der Graf von Burgund by August von Kotzebue.

Enrico di Borgogna was the third opera composed by Donizetti, but the first to be performed. It premiered on 14 November 1818 at the Teatro San Luca in Venice.  In spite of difficulties at the premiere, the critic of Nuovo osservatore veneziano noted of Donizetti  that "one cannot but recognize a regular handling and expressive quality in his style. For these, the public wanted to salute Signor Donizetti on stage at the end of the opera".

For the first time in 200 years, the opera was presented at the Teatro Sociale of Bergamo in 2018 (native city of the composer), conducted by Alessandro de Marchi.
Husky Loops
Husky Loops is an Italian art rock band based in London, originally from Bologna. The band consists of singer, guitarist and producer Pier Danio Forni, bassist Tommaso Medica and drummer Pietro Garrone. As of September 2019, the group has released one album, three EPs, and one mixtape. They toured the world alongside acts such as Placebo, The Kills, Spoon and David Byrne. They have received critical acclaim from publications including Noisey, Clash and Billboard after being recognised for their ability to cross the boundaries of music genres; their sound stretches from rock to grime, also thanks to crossing paths with Boy Better Know’s Jammer.

Boy Better Know
Boy Better Know, often abbreviated as BBK, is a British grime collective and record label. The collective was founded in North London in 2005 as an independent record label by brothers Jamie and Joseph Adenuga, better known as Jme and Skepta, respectively. The former also serves as a sole owner and director of an associated company, Boy Better Know Limited, incorporated in 2008. All members of the collective use the record label as a means to publish their music, and is digitally distributed by The Orchard, a subsidiary of Sony Music.
Combe Down and Bathampton Down Mines
Combe Down and Bathampton Down Quarries (grid reference ST761625) make up a 6.22 hectare (15.37 acre) Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) in Bath and North East Somerset, England, important for its bat population. The disused quarries date from the 17th and 18th centuries and were the source of Bath stone for the city of Bath and elsewhere in the UK. A five-year project to stabilise the quarry workings was largely completed by November 2009.

Bathampton
Bathampton (/bɑːθˈæmptən, bæθ-/) is a village and civil parish 2 miles (3 km) east of Bath, England on the south bank of the River Avon.  The parish has a population of 1,603.

The Kennet and Avon Canal passes through the village and a toll bridge links Bathampton to Batheaston on the north bank of the canal.
Dmitri Shoukov
Dmitri Vladislavovich Shoukov (Russian: Дмитрий Владиславович Шуков; born 26 September 1975) is a Russian football coach and a former player. He is the manager of FC Krylia Sovetov-2 Samara. His position on the field was right winger, he could also play as a forward. He also holds Dutch citizenship.

FC Krylia Sovetov-2 Samara
FC Krylia Sovetov-2 Samara (Russian: ФК «Крылья Советов-2» (Самара)) is a Russian football team based in Samara. It is the farm club for FC Krylia Sovetov Samara. It played in the Russian Second Division in 2000. For 2017–18 season, it received the license for the third-tier Russian Professional Football League, with Konoplyov football academy alumni acting as the base for the squad. After the parent club was promoted back to the Russian Premier League for the 2018–19 season, Krylia Sovetov-2 dropped out of professional football. After Krylia Sovetov were relegated from RPL at the end of the 2019–20 season, Krylia Sovetov-2 were registered for PFL once more for the 2020–21 season. Following Krylia Sovetov's return to the top tier after one season, Krylia Sovetov-2 did not register for the 2021–22 PFL season.

On 21 February 2024, Krylia Sovetov-2 was licensed for the 2024 season of the Second League Division B.
Desert Tech WLVRN
The Desert Tech WLVRN, pronounced as "Wolverine", is a multi-caliber bullpup semi-automatic rifle and the successor of the MDRx.

The WLVRN was first showcased at the 2024 Shot Show convention in Las Vegas.  The WLVRN aimed to improve various aspects of the MDRx platform that were determined to be limitations of the platform that were acknowledged to the public for the first time by Desert Tech several weeks before the announcement of the WLVRN at shot show.

Semi-automatic rifle
A semi-automatic rifle is a type of self-loading rifle that fires a single round each time the trigger is pulled while automatically loading the next cartridge. Such rifles were developed before World War II and were widely used throughout that war. Rifles are firearms designed to be fired while held with both hands and braced against the shooter's shoulder for stability. Externally similar shotguns can fire multiple pellets simultaneously through a smoothbore, while rifle barrels are rifled to spin-stabilize individual bullets. The actions of semi-automatic rifles use a portion of the fired cartridge's energy to eject the spent casing and load a new round into the chamber, readying the rifle to be fired again. This design differs from manually operated rifles such as bolt-action and lever-action rifles, which need to chamber a cartridge manually before firing again, and automatic rifles, which continue firing as long as the trigger remains depressed.
Choanephora cucurbitarum
Choanephora cucurbitarum is a fungal plant pathogen that causes fruit and blossom rot of various cucurbits.  It can also affect okra, snap bean, and southern pea, and may cause a stem and leaf rot of Withania somnifera. Recently Das et al. 2017 added few more patho-index on aubergine (Solanum melongena L.), teasle gourd (Momordica subangulata Blume subsp. renigera (G. Don) de Wilde, hyacinth bean (Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet), green pea (Pisum sativum) from India. Wet weather, high temperature and high humidity favor disease development from inoculum that is typically soil-borne. Signs of infection on fruits or leaves include water-soaked, necrotic lesions, which progress rapidly under ideal conditions. As the fungus begins to produce spores, affected tissues become dark grey-brown and hairy as a result of the superficial sporangia.

Plant disease
Plant diseases are diseases in plants caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). Organisms that cause infectious disease include fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, viruses, viroids, virus-like organisms, phytoplasmas, protozoa, nematodes and parasitic plants. Not included are ectoparasites like insects, mites, vertebrates, or other pests that affect plant health by eating plant tissues and causing injury that may admit plant pathogens. The study of plant disease is called plant pathology.
Russian National Orchestra
The Russian National Orchestra (Russian: Российский национальный оркестр) was founded in Moscow in 1990 by pianist and conductor Mikhail Pletnev. It was the first Russian orchestra to perform at the Apostolic Palace, Vatican City and in Israel.

Apostolic Palace
The Apostolic Palace is the official residence of the Pope, the head of the Catholic Church, located in Vatican City. It is also known as the Papal Palace, the Palace of the Vatican and the Vatican Palace. The Vatican itself refers to the building as the Palace of Sixtus V, in honor of Pope Sixtus V, who built most of the present form of the palace.

The building contains the papal apartments, various offices of the Catholic Church and the Holy See, private and public chapels, the Vatican Museums, and the Vatican Library, including the Sistine Chapel, Raphael Rooms, and the Borgia Apartments. Tourists can see this part of the palace, but other parts, such as the Sala Regia (Regal Room) and Cappella Paolina, had long been closed to tourists, though the Sala Regia allowed occasional tourism by 2019. The Scala Regia (Regal Staircase) can be viewed from one end and used to enter the Sala Regia. The Cappella Paolina remains closed to tourists.
Chínipas
Chínipas may mean:

Chínipas de Almada, a town in the south-west of the Mexican state of Chihuahua

Chínipas (municipality), the surrounding municipality

Chinipa (people), the indigenous people of this region

Chinipas River

Chínipas River
The Chínipas is a river of northwestern Mexico. The Chinipas arises deep in the Sierra Madre Occidental in the state of Chihuahua, and then flows through long rugged canyon systems into the state of Sinaloa until it finally joins the main trunk of the Fuerte River in the western foothills of the Sierra Madre Occidental. The Fuerte River then flows westward over the western coastal plain of Sonora to the Pacific Ocean, emerging very near the port of Topolobampo.
Bodies of the European Union and Euratom
The main bodies of the European Union and Euratom are:

the seven principal institutions of the European Union, established through primary legislation (treaties), including an international entity (the European Central Bank);

other bodies of the EU established through primary legislation, either as international law bodies (the European Investment Bank Group entities, the European University Institute, the European Stability Mechanism and the Unified Patent Court) or as bodies without juridical personality (the European Ombudsman and the advisory bodies to the European Union);

agencies, decentralised independent bodies and joint undertakings of the European Union and Euratom, established through secondary legislation with juridical personality;

other bodies of the EU established through secondary legislation without juridical personality, such as the European Data Protection Supervisor; and

inter-institutional services.

European Stability Mechanism
The European Stability Mechanism (ESM) is an intergovernmental organization located in Luxembourg City, which operates under public international law for all eurozone member states having ratified a special ESM intergovernmental treaty. It was established on 27 September 2012 as a permanent firewall for the eurozone, to safeguard and provide instant access to financial assistance programmes for member states of the eurozone in financial difficulty, with a maximum lending capacity of €500 billion. It has replaced two earlier temporary EU funding programmes: the European Financial Stability Facility (EFSF) and the European Financial Stabilisation Mechanism (EFSM).
Woman from the West Indies
Woman From the West Indies is a painting by Henry Ossawa Tanner painted about 1891 in Brittany, France, during his first or second summer in France. The portrait is unsigned but is attributed to Tanner based on the way it was painted, compared to Tanner's known works from 1891-1893. Those examining the painting looked for patterns in the way the artist used color, the brush strokes, and the stylistic choices in how light itself is shown in the painting.

This work may have influenced Julius Bloch in making his painting, The Man with the Blue Sweater.

Sarah Elizabeth Tanner
Sarah Elizabeth Tanner  (May 18, 1840 — August 2, 1914) was active as a missionary worker and a religious leader in the African Methodist Episcopal Church.

She was the wife of Benjamin Tucker Tanner. She was the mother of the artist Henry Ossawa Tanner and the physician Halle Tanner Dillon Johnson, and the grandmother of civil rights activist Sadie Tanner Mossell Alexander.

She was the subject of two portraits by her son, his Portrait of an Artist's Mother and Mother of Henry O.
Chemins de fer électriques Veveysans
The Chemins de fer électriques Veveysans (CEV) was a railway company that built and operated narrow gauge electric railway lines from Vevey to Blonay, Chamby, Châtel-St-Denis and Les Pléiades, in Switzerland. It began operations in 1902. The CEV and three other companies merged to become the Transports Montreux–Vevey–Riviera in 2001. The Vevey–Les Pléiades railway line remains in active use.

Les Pléiades
Les Pléiades (1,397 m) are a mountain of the Swiss Prealps, overlooking Lake Geneva in the Swiss canton of Vaud. They are located north of Blonay.

A railway connects Vevey and Blonay to a secondary summit (1,361 m) of Les Pléiades. The railway is operated by the company Transports Montreux–Vevey–Riviera.
Purple Threads
Purple Threads is a 2011 short story collection by Australian author Jeanine Leane. Based on Leane's childhood, the stories are about Sunny, a Wiradjuri girl, growing up in the Gundagai district during the 1960s and 1970s.

Short story collection
A short story collection is a book of short stories and/or novellas by a single author. A short story collection is distinguished from an anthology of fiction, which would contain work by several authors (e.g., Les Soirées de Médan). The stories in a collection may or may not share a tone, theme, setting, or characters with one another.
Frederick, Michigan
Frederick, Michigan, also known as Casino, was a community in Clinton Charter Township of Macomb County, Michigan in the U.S. state of Michigan. It was located on an oxbow of the Clinton River southwest of present-day Mt. Clemens.

Macomb County, Michigan
Macomb County (/məˈkoʊm/ mə-KOHM) is a county on the eastern shore of the U.S. state of Michigan. It is part of the Detroit metropolitan area, bordering Detroit to the north and containing many of its northern suburbs. Its seat of government is Mt. Clemens, and its largest community is Warren.  As of the 2020 census, the county had a population of 881,217, making it the third-most populous county in the state, behind neighboring Wayne and Oakland. Macomb County contains 27 cities, townships and villages, including three of the ten most-populous municipalities in Michigan. Most of this population is concentrated south of Hall Road (M-59), one of the county's main thoroughfares.
Johnson-Ferguson baronets
The Johnson-Ferguson baronetcy, of Springkell in the County of Dumfries, of Kenyon in Newchurch-in-Culcheth in the County Palatine of Lancaster and of Wiston in the County of Lanark, is a title in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 18 July 1906 for Edward Johnson-Ferguson. He was Chairman of Jabez Johnson, Hodgkinson and Pearson, Ltd, and also sat as Liberal Member of Parliament for Loughborough. Born Jabez Edward Johnson, he assumed by Royal license the additional surname of Ferguson in 1899.

Wiston, South Lanarkshire
Wiston is a small village in South Lanarkshire, Scotland. It is located 13 miles (21 km) south east of Lanark and 8 miles (13 km) south west of Biggar.

Located in the Southern Uplands it is immediately to the south of Tinto, one of the highest points in the locality. The Garf Water, a tributary of the River Clyde, runs through the village.

The village has hosted the Tinto Folk Music Festival. Wiston Lodge is a former Victorian hunting lodge built in the 1850s set in a 55-acre (22 ha) estate. It is now a venue for team-building activities including programmes leading to John Muir Awards.
Selexol
Selexol is the trade name for an acid gas removal solvent that can separate acid gases such as hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide from feed gas streams such as synthesis gas produced by gasification of coal, coke, or heavy hydrocarbon oils.  By doing so, the feed gas is made more suitable (less sour) for combustion and/or further processing. It is made up of dimethyl ethers of polyethylene glycol.

Syngas
Syngas, or synthesis gas, is a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide in various ratios.  The gas often contains some carbon dioxide and methane.   It is principally used for producing ammonia or methanol. Syngas is combustible and can be used as a fuel. Historically, it has been used as a replacement for gasoline when gasoline supply has been limited; for example, wood gas was used to power cars in Europe during WWII (in Germany alone, half a million cars were built or rebuilt to run on wood gas).
Rocco Bonetti
Rocco Bonetti (/rɔk.ko/ /bɔˈnɛtti/; fl. c. 1570–1587) was an Italian intelligence agent and master of fencing who started the school of fencing at Blackfriars in London in 1576. He was known for teaching rapier techniques, particularly as an earlier advocate for thrusting, as opposed to slashing with the weapons.

Peregrine Bertie, 13th Baron Willoughby de Eresby
Peregrine Bertie, 13th Baron Willoughby de Eresby (12 October 1555 in Wesel – 25 June 1601) was the son of Katherine Willoughby, 12th Baroness Willoughby de Eresby, and Richard Bertie. His first marriage was to Mary de Vere, daughter of John de Vere, 16th Earl of Oxford.
Bertie was Lady Willoughby de Eresby's second husband, the first being Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk. Peregrine Bertie's half-brothers, Henry and Charles Brandon, died as teenagers four years before his birth. His sister Susan married the Earl of Kent and then the nephew of Bess of Hardwick. Owing to religious politics, his parents had to move outside England and the boy was born at Wesel on the River Rhine.
Rhisnes, Namur
Rhisnes (French pronunciation: [ʁin]) is a suburb of the city of Namur located in the province of Namur, Wallonia, Belgium. But in some sources, Rhisnes is mentioned as a "section" (sub-municipality).

The suburb is bounded on the north by the E42/A15 motorway (exit number 12 Namur-Ouest (Namur West)), to the east by the N904 road, and to the west by the N4 road. The dominant features in the suburb is the Namur-Nord-Rhisnes (Namur North Rhisnes) business park and the Ecolys park. The neighbouring old Suarlée Fort and park lands are just outside the suburb.

Deelgemeente
A deelgemeente (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈdeːlɣəˌmeːntə] ⓘ, literally sub-municipality), or section (French pronunciation: [sɛksjɔ̃] ⓘ), is a subdivision of a municipality in Belgium and, until March 2014, in the Netherlands as well.
Samuel Gyabaah
Wing Commander Samuel Gyabaah was a Ghanaian soldier and politician. He was a member of the then Supreme Military Council (SMC) and the Minister for the Upper Region (now divided into the Upper East and Upper West regions) from 1978 until 4 June 1979 when the Armed Forces Revolutionary Council (AFRC) took over power in a coup d'état. Following the overthrow of the SMC, he was appointed Chief of Air Staff by the AFRC on 6 June 1979. He held this appointment until July 1979 when he was replaced by Captain F. W. K. Klutse.

SMC3
Structural maintenance of chromosomes protein 3 (SMC3) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SMC3 gene. SMC3 is a subunit of the Cohesin complex which mediates sister chromatid cohesion, homologous recombination and DNA looping. Cohesin is formed of SMC3, SMC1, RAD21 and either SA1 or SA2. In humans, SMC3 is present in all cohesin complexes whereas there are multiple paralogs for the other subunits.

SMC3 is a member of the  SMC protein family. Members of this family are key regulators of DNA repair, chromosome condensation and chromosome segregation.
Chapter One of the Constitution of South Africa
Chapter 1 of the Constitution of South Africa, titled Founding Provisions and containing six sections, enshrines in the constitution key national principles, defines the country's flag and national anthem, and specifies the official languages and principles of government language policy.

Khoekhoe language
Khoekhoe or Khoikhoi (/ˈkɔɪ.kɔɪ/ KOY-koy; Khoekhoegowab, Khoekhoe pronunciation: [k͡xʰo̜͡ek͡xʰo̜͡egowab]), also known by the ethnic terms Nama (/ˈnɑː.mə/ NAH-mə; Namagowab), Damara (ǂNūkhoegowab), or Nama/Damara and formerly as Hottentot, is the most widespread of the non-Bantu languages of Southern Africa that make heavy use of click consonants and therefore were formerly classified as Khoisan, a grouping now recognized as obsolete. It belongs to the Khoe language family, and is spoken in Namibia, Botswana, and South Africa primarily by three ethnic groups: Namakhoen, ǂNūkhoen, and Haiǁomkhoen.
Miroslav Talijan
Miroslav Talijan (Serbian Cyrillic: Мирослав Талијан; born 10 August 1970 in Smederevska Palanka) is a brigadier general of the Serbian Army. He is the current commander of the 72nd Brigade for Special Operations and a former chief of the Military Academy.

He was the commander of the elite anti-terrorist Battalion "Sokolovi", then the deputy commander of the Cobras, and then focused on education, so he became one of the youngest doctor of sciences in the Serbian Armed Forces. Having fought in the Kosovo War, he is one of the few special forces members who took part in combat operations and managed to get a doctorate on the same topic.

Smederevska Palanka
Smederevska Palanka (Serbian Cyrillic: Смедеревска Паланка, pronounced [smɛ̂dɛrɛʋska pǎlaːŋka]) is a town and municipality located in the Podunavlje District and the geographical region of Šumadija. According to the 2022 census, the town has 20,345 while the municipality has 42,192 inhabitants.