hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pooled analysis
A pooled analysis is a statistical technique for combining the results of multiple epidemiological studies. It is one of three types of literature reviews frequently used in epidemiology, along with meta-analysis and traditional narrative reviews. Pooled analyses may be either retrospective or prospective. It is often used when the results of individual studies do not allow for a firm conclusion to be drawn. Unlike meta-analyses, pooled analyses can only be conducted if the included studies used the same study design and statistical models, and if their respective populations were homogeneous. If individual-level data from the included studies is available, the result of a pooled analysis can be considered more reliable.

Meta-analysis
Meta-analysis is a method of synthesis of quantitative data from multiple independent studies addressing a common research question. An important part of this method involves computing a combined effect size across all of the studies. As such, this statistical approach involves extracting effect sizes and variance measures from various studies. By combining these effect sizes the statistical power is improved and can resolve uncertainties or discrepancies found in individual studies. Meta-analyses are integral in supporting research grant proposals, shaping treatment guidelines, and influencing health policies. They are also pivotal in summarizing existing research to guide future studies, thereby cementing their role as a fundamental methodology in metascience. Meta-analyses are often, but not always, important components of a systematic review.
Commission of Inquiry into the 2024 Chikangawa (Nthungwa) aircraft accident
The Commission of Inquiry into the 2024 Chikangawa (Nthungwa) aircraft accident was a government-appointed body established by President Lazarus Chakwera in October 2024. Its purpose was to investigate the military aircraft crash of 10 June 2024 in Nthungwa, Chikangawa Forest in Nkhata Bay, which killed Malawi's Vice-President Saulos Chilima, former First Lady Patricia Shanil Muluzi, and seven others.

President of Malawi
The president of the Republic of Malawi (Chichewa: Mtsogoleri wa Dziko la Malawi; Tumbuka: Mlongozgi wa Charu cha Malaŵi) is the head of state and head of government of Malawi. The president leads the executive branch of the Government of Malawi and is the commander-in-chief of the Malawian Defence Force. The current president is Peter Mutharika, who has served since being re-elected in September 2025.
Alphonse Fournier
Alphonse Fournier PC QC (March 24, 1893 – October 8, 1961) was a Canadian politician.

Born in Methuen, Massachusetts, he was first elected to the House of Commons of Canada representing the Quebec riding of Hull in the 1930 federal election. A Liberal, he was re-elected in 1935, 1940, 1945, and 1949.

From 1942 to 1953, he was the Minister of Public Works. From 1948 to 1953, he was the Leader of the Government in the House of Commons and Liberal Party House Leader.

His son, Roy Fournier, was also a member of the Quebec parliament and solicitor general for the province of Quebec.

There is a Alphonse Fournier fonds at Library and Archives Canada.

Fonds
In archival science, a fonds (plural also fonds) is a group of documents that share the same origin and  have occurred naturally as an outgrowth of the daily workings of an agency, individual, or organization. An example of a fonds could be the writings of a poet that were never published, or the records of an institution during a specific period.

Fonds are a part of a hierarchical level of description system in an archive that begins with fonds at the top. Subsequent levels become more descriptive and narrower as one goes down the hierarchy. The level descriptions go from fonds to series to file and then item level. Between the fonds and series level there is sometimes a sub-fonds (French: sous-fonds) level, and between the series and file level there is sometimes a sub-series level.
Rehearsal Handicap Chase
The Rehearsal Handicap Chase is a Premier Handicap National Hunt steeplechase in Great Britain which is open to horses aged four years or older. It is run at Newcastle, over a distance of about 3 miles (2 miles 7 furlongs and 91 yards or  4,727 metres). It is a handicap race, and it is scheduled to take place each year in December.

The race was first run in 1979 at Chepstow, the name indicating that runners should consider it as a "rehearsal" for the Cheltenham Gold Cup.  It was initially a Conditions race with Listed status but became a Limited handicap (still with Listed status) in 1988. It was run at Chepstow until 2004 (over the longer distance of 3 miles and 2 furlongs between 2002 and 2004) and during this period was often used as a stepping stone towards  the Welsh Grand National which is run at the same course around four weeks later. It was re-classified as a Premier Handicap in 2022 when Listed status was removed from handicap races.

Handicap (horse racing)
A handicap race in horse racing is a race in which each horse is assigned a specific weight to carry, determined by its past performance and perceived ability. Stronger horses carry more weight, while less accomplished ones carry less. This system aims to equalize the chances of all horses in the race.

The skill in betting on a handicap race lies in predicting which horse can overcome its handicap. Although most handicap races are run for older, less valuable horses with less prize money, this is not true in all cases; some prestigious races are handicaps, such as the Grand National steeplechase, Betfair Stayers' Handicap Hurdle in the UK and the Melbourne Cup in Australia. In the United States, over 30 handicap races are classified as Grade I, the top level of the North American grading system.
Medicago falcata
Medicago falcata is a plant species of the genus Medicago. It is native to much of Europe and Asia, but is found throughout the world. It forms a symbiotic relationship with the bacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti, which is capable of nitrogen fixation. Its common names include yellow lucerne, sickle alfalfa, yellow-flowered alfalfa, yellow alfalfa, sickle medick and yellow medick.

Ensifer meliloti
Ensifer meliloti (formerly Rhizobium meliloti and Sinorhizobium meliloti) are an aerobic, Gram-negative, and diazotrophic species of bacteria. E. meliloti  are motile and possess a cluster of peritrichous flagella. E. meliloti fix atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia for their legume hosts, such as alfalfa. E. meliloti forms a symbiotic relationship with legumes from the genera Medicago, Melilotus and Trigonella, including the model legume Medicago truncatula. This symbiosis promotes the development of a plant organ, termed a root nodule. Because soil often contains a limited amount of nitrogen for plant use, the symbiotic relationship between E. meliloti and their legume hosts has agricultural applications. These techniques reduce the need for inorganic nitrogenous fertilizers.
Gay Jane Perez
Gay Jane P. Perez is a Filipino physicist and environmental scientist whose research involves satellite observation of environmental conditions, and the applications of that data in agricultural planning. She is a professor in the Institute of Environmental Science and Meteorology at the University of the Philippines Diliman and director general of the Philippine Space Agency.

Philippine Space Agency
The Philippine Space Agency (PhilSA) is the national space agency of the Philippines.

The unified space agency is defined by the Philippine Space Act (Republic Act No. 11363) which was signed into law on August 8, 2019, by President Rodrigo Duterte, intended to manage and operate the decentralized space program of the Philippine government, which was handled by various agencies of the Department of Science and Technology (DOST).
Francis Wilson (meteorologist)
Francis Alfred Wilson, FRMetS, CMet (Chartered Meteorologist), (born 27 February 1949) is a Scottish-born weather forecaster, from Buckinghamshire, who was a presenter and the Head of Weather on the BBC's Breakfast Time and Breakfast News from 1983 until 1992, and Sky News from 1993 until 2010.

Breakfast News
Breakfast News is a breakfast news programme which first aired on BBC1 on 2 October 1989. The programme was previously known as Breakfast Time.  It was planned to launch on 18 September 1989 but was held back by two weeks due to technical issues with its new studio. The programme adopted a rolling news format with news summaries every 15 minutes plus weather and regional news every 30 minutes. Other features included a review of the day's newspapers and regular business news updates.

From 22 November 1989, following the commencement of televised coverage of the House of Commons, the 8 am to 8.15 am part of the programme was simulcast on BBC2 as part of a new news hour which encompassed a review of the previous day's proceedings at Westminster. The final edition of Breakfast News aired on 15 September 2000 and on 2 October 2000 it relaunched as BBC Breakfast.
Ministry of Youth and Sports (Malaysia)
The Malaysian Ministry of Youth and Sports (Malay: Kementerian Belia dan Sukan; Jawi: كمنترين بليا دان سوكن‎), abbreviated KBS, is a ministry of the Government of Malaysia that is responsible for youth, sports, recreation, leisure activities, stadiums, youth development, and youth organisations in the country.

Recreation
Recreation is an activity of leisure, leisure being discretionary time. The "need to do something for recreation" is an essential element of human biology and psychology. Recreational activities are often done for enjoyment, amusement, or pleasure and are considered to be "fun".
Chambi, Himachal Pradesh
Chambi is a small village in the Shimla district near Chaupal, Himachal Pradesh, India. The village is situated among the mountains. It does not have a post office or school and is very sparsely populated.

Chambi ground is a small place situated in the Kangra district opposite the town of Rait, Himachal Pradesh, with a few shops and a bus stop, located at 32°11′06″N 76°13′01″E﻿ / ﻿32.184948°N 76.217014°E﻿ / 32.184948; 76.217014.

Rait, Himachal Pradesh
Rait (Hindi: रैत) is a village in the Kangra district, Himachal Pradesh, India. Rait is both a gram panchayat, and the centre of the Rait development block of Kangra district. It is a historically and culturally significant part of the Kangra valley, hosting sites and institutions related to Raja Sansar Chand, the Kangra school of Pahadi painting, Sanskrit learning, and Kangra's folk arts.
Chidlaw
Chidlaw is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Benjamin W. Chidlaw (1900–1977), United States Air Force officer

Patricia Chidlaw (born 1951), American painter

Paul Chidlaw (1900–1989), American painter

Robert L. Chidlaw-Roberts (1896–1989), Welsh World War I flying ace

Robert L. Chidlaw-Roberts
Flight Lieutenant Robert Leslie Chidlaw-Roberts MC AFC (9 May 1896 – 1 June 1989) was a Welsh World War I flying ace credited with ten aerial victories. During his aerial combat career, and in different dogfights, he engaged two famous German aces, he was one of the British pilots who downed Werner Voss, and on 9 January 1918, he shot down and killed Max Ritter von Müller.

He also served in the Royal Air Force during and after World War II.
Maximilian Emanuel of Württemberg-Winnental
Maximilian Emanuel of Württemberg-Winnental (February 27, 1689 in Stuttgart – September 25, 1709 in Dubno), son of Frederick Charles of Württemberg-Winnental and Margravine Eleonore Juliane of Brandenburg-Ansbach, was a volunteer in the army of Charles XII of Sweden and a devoted friend to the king.

In 1703, at age 14 he joined Charles XII's Polish campaign before the Battle of Pułtusk, and was since known throughout the army as the Little Prince.

On June 18, 1708 he was wounded by the River Berezina while attempting to shield the king from bullets, but recovered in time to fight in the Battle of Holowczyn. He was later made colonel of the Buchwald's Dragoons.

In the Battle of Poltava he was captured by the Russians. Released shortly after, he died on the way home at Dubno in Volhynia. King Charles long mourned the loss of his "best and truest friend".

His heart was buried at St. Gumbertus Church in Ansbach.

Volhynia
Volhynia or Volynia (/voʊˈlɪniə/ voh-LIN-ee-ə; see #Names and etymology) is a historic region in Central and Eastern Europe, between southeastern Poland, southwestern Belarus, and northwestern Ukraine. The borders of the region are not clearly defined, but in Ukraine it is roughly equivalent to Volyn Oblast, Rivne Oblast, and the northern part of the Khmelnytskyi Oblast and Ternopil Oblast. The territory that still carries the name is Volyn Oblast.

Volhynia has changed hands numerous times throughout history and been divided among competing powers. For centuries it was part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. After the Russian annexation during the Partitions of Poland, all of Volhynia was made part of the Pale of Settlement on the southwestern border of the Russian Empire. Important cities include Rivne, Lutsk, Zviahel, and Volodymyr.
Vellayambalam
Vellayambalam is a prominent junction in the city of Thiruvananthapuram in the state of Kerala, India. It is situated on the Rajapatha (Royal Path) that stretches from Kowdiar to East Fort. This junction connects the arterial roads connecting Kowdiar, Sasthamangalam, East Fort, Thycaud and Thampanoor. A statue of Ayyankali is situated in the centre of the roundabout which serves as a memorial to the freedom fighter.

Ayyankali
Ayyankali (28 August 1863 – 18 June 1941) was an Indian social reformer, educator, economist, lawmaker, and revolutionary leader. He worked for the advancement of oppressed people in the princely state of Travancore. His struggles resulted in many changes that improved the socio-political structure of Kerala. His determined and relentless efforts transformed the lives of Dalits. He is known as the King of Pulaya.
District 25 (Chamber of Deputies of Chile)
District 25 (Spanish: Distrito 25) is one of the 28 multi-member electoral districts of the Chamber of Deputies, the lower house of the National Congress, the national legislature of Chile. The district was created by the 2015 electoral reform and came into being at the following general election in 2017. It consists of the communes of Fresia, Frutillar, Llanquihue, Los Muermos, Osorno, Puerto Octay, Puerto Varas, Purranque, Puyehue, Río Negro, San Juan de la Costa and San Pablo in the region of Los Lagos. The district currently elects four of the 155 members of the Chamber of Deputies using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system. At the 2021 general election the district had 321,533 registered electors.

Puyehue, Chile
Puyehue (Spanish pronunciation: [puˈʝewe]) is a commune in Chile located in Osorno Province of Los Lagos Region. It is bordered to the south by Rupanco Lake, to the east by the Andes and Argentina, to the north by Puyehue Lake and to the west by Osorno commune. Cardenal Antonio Samoré Pass that links the Los Lagos Region to Argentina lies in the eastern tip of the commune. The comune is administered by Entre Lagos, the main town in Puyehue.
Paraguayan National Anthem
The "Paraguayan National Anthem" (Himno Nacional Paraguayo) was officially adopted on 20 May 1846. The lyrics were written by Francisco Acuña de Figueroa under the presidency of Carlos Antonio López, who at the time delegated Bernardo Jovellanos and Anastasio González to ask Figueroa to write the anthem. The original composer of the song remains unclear, although the music is often attributed to Francesco Casale. Remberto Giménez rearranged the melody in 1933.

The author of the lyrics also wrote the lyrics to the "Uruguayan National Anthem".

Carlos Antonio López
Carlos Antonio López Ynsfrán (4 November 1792 – 10 September 1862) was leader of Paraguay from 1841 to 1862. Under his presidency, he undertook a process of economic and political modernization for Paraguay, and ended the isolationist policies of Paraguay dictator José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia.
Alcorcón Central (Madrid Metro)
Alcorcón or Alcorcón Central ([alkoɾˈkon θenˈtɾal], "Central Alcorcón") is a station in the Community of Madrid. It is on Line 12 of the Madrid Metro. It is located in fare Zone B1. The station offers connection to Cercanías Madrid via Alcorcón railway station.

Cercanías Madrid
Cercanías Madrid is the commuter rail service that serves Madrid, the capital of Spain, and its metropolitan area since 1989. It is operated by Cercanías Renfe, the commuter rail division of Renfe, the former monopoly of rail services in Spain. Its total length is 370 km.
Hüttlingen-Mettendorf railway station
Hüttlingen-Mettendorf railway station is a railway station in the Swiss canton of Thurgau and municipality of Hüttlingen. The station is located on the Winterthur–Romanshorn railway line, within fare zone 922 of the Ostwind tariff network (Tarifverbund Ostwind).

Thurgau
Thurgau (/ˈtʊərɡaʊ/ TOOR-gow, Swiss Standard German: [ˈtuːrɡaʊ] ⓘ; French: Thurgovie; Italian: Turgovia; Romansh: Turgovia), anglicized as Thurgovia, and formally as the Canton of Thurgau, is one of the 26 cantons forming the Swiss Confederation. It is composed of five districts. Its capital is Frauenfeld.

Thurgau is part of Eastern Switzerland. It is named after the river Thur, and the name Thurgovia was historically used for a larger area, including part of this river's basin upstream of the modern canton. The area of what is now Thurgau was acquired as subject territories by the cantons of the Old Swiss Confederacy from the mid 15th century. Thurgau was first declared a canton in its own right at the formation of the Helvetic Republic in 1798.

The population, as of December 2020, is 282,909. In 2007, there were a total of 47,390 resident foreigners, constituting 19.9% of the population.
National Civil War Naval Museum
The National Civil War Naval Museum, located in Columbus, Georgia, United States, is a 40,000-square-foot (3,700 m2) facility that features remnants of two Confederate States Navy vessels.  It also features uniforms, equipment and weapons used by the United States (Union) Navy from the North and the Confederate States Navy (Southern /Rebel) forces.  It is claimed to be the only museum in the nation that tells the story of the two navies during the Civil War.

Union navy
The Union navy is used to describe the United States Navy (USN) during the American Civil War, when it fought the Confederate States Navy (CSN). The term is sometimes used to describe vessels of war used on the rivers of the interior under the control of the Union army.
Elephant Eyes
Elephant Eyes is the debut studio album by American rapper Omen and was released on July 21, 2015 by Dreamville Records. It includes features from Dreamville artists, J. Cole, Ari Lennox and Bas, as well as CJ Hamilton. Elephant Eyes served as Ari Lennox's introduction to Dreamville, Omen introduced her to J. Cole which eventually led to her signing to the label.

Dreamville Records
Dreamville Records is an American record label founded by American rapper J. Cole and his manager Ibrahim Hamad. The label ended its distribution deal with Interscope Records, a unit of Universal Music Group in July 2025. The roster includes Bas, Cozz, Omen, Lute, JID, EarthGang, and Cole himself. Dreamville also houses American record producers Elite, Ron Gilmore, and Cedric Brown.
2023 Spielberg Formula 3 round
The 2023 Spielberg Formula 3 round was a motor racing event held between 30 June and 2 July at the Red Bull Ring. It was the fifth round of the 2023 FIA Formula 3 Championship and was held in support of the 2023 Austrian Grand Prix.

Rafael Villagómez
Rafael Villagómez Jr. (Spanish pronunciation: [rafaˈel βiʝaˈɣomes]; born 10 November 2001) is a Mexican racing driver who competes in the FIA Formula 2 Championship for Van Amersfoort Racing.

He previously competed in the FIA Formula 3 Championship for three seasons. He won the Richard Mille Young Talent Academy competition in 2019.
Tennis at the 2017 SEA Games – Men's doubles
Sanchai and Sonchat Ratiwatana of Thailand were the defending champions and successfully defended their title, defeating Francis Casey Alcantara and Ruben Gonzales of the Philippines in the final, 6–4, 2–6, [10–7].

Lý Hoàng Nam and Nguyễn Hoàng Thiên of Vietnam, and Kittipong Wachiramanowong and Wishaya Trongcharoenchaikul of Thailand won the bronze medals.

Sanchai Ratiwatana
Sanchai Ratiwatana (Thai: สรรค์ชัย รติวัฒน์, pronounced [sǎn.t͡ɕʰāj rá(ʔ).tī.wát]), nicknamed Tong (ต้อง, [tɔ̂ŋ]; born 23 January 1982), is a professional tennis player from Thailand. He turned professional in 2004.

In 2007, Sanchai and his twin brother Sonchat Ratiwatana won their first ATP doubles title in Bangkok. They won their second title at the Chennai Open in India in 2008.

He reached World No. 39, his best doubles ranking, on 28 April 2008.
Fenesta vascia
Fenesta Vascia (low window) is a popular and ancient Neapolitan song, from 1500, at the time when Naples was part of the Spanish Empire.  Its description as "Calascionata" indicates it was to be accompanied by a calascione, a large lute.  The lyrics are in Neapolitan language, in a hendecasyllabic meter and the author is unknown.  At the beginning of 1800, Giulio Genoino adapted the words to the dialect of his time, and Guglielmo Cottrau wrote the music, which was entirely different from the original melody.

Neapolitan language
Neapolitan (autonym: ('o n)napulitano [(o n)napuliˈtɑːnə]; Italian: napoletano) is a Romance language of the Southern Italo-Romance group spoken in most of continental Southern Italy. It is named after the Kingdom of Naples, which once covered most of the area, and the city of Naples was its capital. On 14 October 2008, a law by the Region of Campania stated that Neapolitan was to be protected.

While the language group is native to much of continental Southern Italy or the former Kingdom of Naples, the terms Neapolitan, napulitano or napoletano may also instead refer more narrowly to the specific variety spoken natively in the city of Naples and the immediately surrounding Naples metropolitan area and Campania region. The present article mostly deals with this variety, which enjoys a certain degree of prestige and has historically wide written attestations.
A' Chailleach (Monadhliath Mountains)
A' Chailleach (Scottish Gaelic for 'the old woman or Cailleach') is one of the Monadhliath Mountains of Scotland. It lies seven kilometres (4+1⁄2 miles) northwest of Newtonmore and the Spey Valley. It is a Munro with a summit elevation of 929 metres (3,048 ft).

Cailleach
In Gaelic (Irish, Scottish and Manx) myth, the Cailleach (Irish: [ˈkal̠ʲəx, kəˈl̠ʲax], Scottish Gaelic: [ˈkʰaʎəx]) is a divine hag, associated with the creation of the landscape and with the weather, especially storms and winter. The word literally means 'old woman, hag', and is found with this meaning in modern Irish and Scottish Gaelic, and has been applied to numerous mythological and folkloric figures in Ireland, Scotland, and the Isle of Man. In modern Irish folklore studies, she is sometimes known as The Hag of Beara, while in Scotland she is known as Beira, Queen of Winter.
MV Leisure World
MS Skyward (also known as Leisure World) was a cruise ship built in 1969 for Norwegian Cruise Line. It subsequently served for several years under various companies, both as a cruise ship and later on as a floating casino. She was finally sold for scrap in 2021 and beached for demolition at Alang, India.

Floating casino
A floating casino is a casino on board a ship, often permanently moored. This may be to advantage of less restrictive laws restricting gambling either on a vessel, or outside a territorial boundary.

They include:

Gambling ship

Riverboat casino, a term used in the US