hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sonar (keelboat)
The Sonar is a one design keelboat designed by Bruce Kirby and first built in 1980.

The design was initiated as a commission from the members of the Noroton Yacht Club of Darien, Connecticut, United States.

The Sonar was inducted into the American Sailboat Hall of Fame in 2004.

The design was developed into the Blazer 23, using the same hull, but a larger cabin.

One-design racing
One-design racing is a racing method which may be adopted in sports using complex equipment, whereby all vehicles have identical or very similar designs or models, avoiding the need for a handicap system.
Eight Mountains of Kowloon
The Eight Mountains of Kowloon (Chinese: 九龍群山) are eight prominent mountains in Hong Kong that serve as a natural border between the Kowloon area and the New Territories. The eight mountains are: Kowloon Peak, Tung Shan, Tate's Cairn, Temple Hill, Unicorn Ridge, Lion Rock, Beacon Hill and Crow's Nest.

Incidentally, the name Kowloon stems from the term nine (kow) dragons (loon) (Chinese: 九龍), alluding to the eight mountains plus a Chinese emperor, the Emperor Bing of Song, who had fled to Hong Kong after being targeted by Mongol troops. In Ancient China, the Emperor used to be revered like a dragon and was the only person who could wear robes depicting a dragon.

Dragon robe
Dragon robes, also known as gunlongpao (traditional Chinese: 袞龍袍; simplified Chinese: 袞龙袍; pinyin: gǔn lóng páo; Korean: 곤룡포) or longpao for short, is a form of everyday clothing which has a Chinese dragon, called long (龍), as its main decoration. In the past, it was worn by the emperors of China.: 392  Dragon robes were also adopted by the rulers of neighbouring countries, such as Korea (Goryeo and Joseon dynasties), Vietnam (Nguyễn dynasty), and the Ryukyu Kingdom.
James P. Ownby
James Polk Ownby (April 22, 1845 – April 12, 1906) was an American politician and farmer.

Ownby was born in Bedford County, Virginia. In 1859, he moved to Callaway County, Missouri. Ownby moved to Piatt County, Illinois and settled in Monticello, Illinois. He was a farmer. Ownby served in the Illinois House of Representatives in 1895 and 1896 and was a Democrat. Ownby died at his son's home in La Place, Illinois.

Piatt County, Illinois
Piatt County is a county in  Illinois. According to the 2020 United States census, it had a population of 16,673. Its county seat is Monticello.

Piatt County is part of the Champaign-Urbana Metropolitan Area.
St Michael's Church, Michaelchurch
St Michael's Church is a redundant Anglican church in Tretire with Michaelchurch, Herefordshire, England. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building, and is under the care of the Churches Conservation Trust. It is in an isolated position in a field some 5 miles (8 km) to the west of Ross-on-Wye. The church is notable for its 13th-century wall paintings, and the presence of a reconstructed Roman altar.

Ross-on-Wye
Ross-on-Wye is a market town and civil parish in Herefordshire, England, near the border with Wales. It had a population estimated at 10,978 in 2021. It lies in the south-east of the county, on the River Wye and on the northern edge of the Forest of Dean.
Peñalolén Velodrome
The Peñalolén Velodrome, also known as the Santiago Velodrome, is an indoor cycling track located within Peñalolén Park in the Peñalolén district of Santiago, Chile. It opened in March 2014 as one of the venues built for the 2014 South American Games.

Considered one of the finest velodromes in South America, it is noted for its modern design and full compliance with the standards of the UCI (International Cycling Union). The indoor arena has a seating capacity for 3,000 spectators.

2014 South American Games
The 2014 South American Games was a multi-sport event that took place in Santiago, Chile. It was the 10th edition of the ODESUR South American Games. Santiago hosted this event for the second time, the first being in 1986. Most of the events took place in and around the National Stadium. The games were held between March 7 to 18.
Udenheim
Udenheim (German pronunciation: [ˈuːdn̩haɪm]) is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Alzey-Worms district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

Rhenish Hesse
Rhenish Hesse or Rhine Hesse (German: Rheinhessen, pronounced [ʁaɪnˈhɛsn̩]) is a region and a former government district (Regierungsbezirk) in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate. It is made up of territories west of the Upper Rhine river that were part of the Grand Duchy of Hesse and its successor in the Weimar Republic, the People's State of Hesse from 1816 to 1945. The hilly countryside is largely devoted to vineyards, comprising the Rheinhessen wine region.
Reichenau (Baden) station
Reichenau (Baden) station (German: Bahnhof Reichenau (Baden)) is a railway station on the Bodanrück peninsula serving the island of Reichenau, Lower Lake Constance, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is located on the standard gauge High Rhine Railway of Deutsche Bahn and served by regional trains only.

Bodanrück
Bodanrück (lit. 'Bodan rise') is the 112 km2 (43 sq mi) wide peninsula that divides Lake Constance (Bodensee) into Überlinger See (part of Obersee) and Gnadensee, which is part of Untersee. At its southern end, it reaches the Seerhein, which links Obersee with Untersee.

It is bordered by the island of Mainau to the east and Triboldingerbohl and Reichenau Islands to the west. The Markelfinger Winkel separates it from the Mettnau peninsula. The nature reserve Wollmatinger Ried lies at the southern shore of Bodanrück. Mindelsee is a small lake located on the peninsula.

Bodanrück lies entirely within the Konstanz district in the south of the German state of Baden-Württemberg. It was historically part of the Hegau region in the Duchy of Swabia. The northern part of the city of Konstanz, Radolfzell (Markelfingen) and Allensbach are located on the peninsula. The settlements on the western shore are connected with Konstanz station via the High Rhine Railway line.
Robot kinematics
Robot kinematics applies geometry to the study of the movement of multi–degree of freedom kinematic chains that form the structure of robotic systems. The emphasis on geometry means that the links of the robot are modeled as rigid bodies and its joints are assumed to provide pure rotation or translation.

Robot kinematics studies the relationship between the dimensions and connectivity of kinematic chains and the position, velocity and acceleration of each of the links in the robotic system, in order to plan and control movement and to compute actuator forces and torques. The relationship between mass and inertia properties, motion, and the associated forces and torques is studied as part of robot dynamics.

Virtual work
In mechanics, virtual work arises in the application of the principle of least action to the study of forces and movement of a mechanical system.  The work of a force acting on a particle as it moves along a displacement is different for different displacements.  Among all the possible displacements that a particle may follow, called virtual displacements, one will minimize the action. This displacement is therefore the displacement followed by the particle according to the principle of least action.

The work of a force on a particle along a virtual displacement is known as the virtual work.

Historically, virtual work and the associated calculus of variations were formulated to analyze systems of rigid bodies, but they have also been developed for the study of the mechanics of deformable bodies.
Gregory Gordon (bishop)
Gregory William Gordon (born October 4, 1960) is an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church who has been serving as the first auxiliary bishop for the Archdiocese of Las Vegas in Nevada since 2021.

Diocese of Reno
The Diocese of Reno (Latin: Dioecesis Renensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory, or diocese, of the Catholic Church in the northern Nevada region of the United States. It is a suffragan diocese, formerly of the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of San Francisco and, since May 30, 2023, of the Archdiocese of Las Vegas.

The mother church of the Diocese of Reno is St. Thomas Aquinas Cathedral in Reno. As of 2023, the bishop of Reno was Daniel Mueggenborg.
Ira Bhaskar
Ira Bhaskar is an Indian academic and cinema studies scholar, known for her work on the cultural and historical influences in Indian cinema. She has served as a Professor of Cinema Studies at the School of Arts and Aesthetics, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi, and a former dean of the school. Bhaskar has authored and edited influential works, including Islamicate Cultures of Bombay Cinema (2009), and has served on the board of the Nehru Trust for Indian Collections at the Victoria and Albert Museum (NTICVA).

She also served as a member of the Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC).

Film theory
Film theory is a set of scholarly approaches within the academic discipline of film or cinema studies that began in the 1920s by questioning the formal essential attributes of motion pictures; and that now provides conceptual frameworks for understanding film's relationship to reality, the other arts, individual viewers, and society at large. Film theory is not to be confused with general film criticism, or film history, though these three disciplines interrelate. Although some branches of film theory are derived from linguistics and literary theory, it also originated and overlaps with the philosophy of film.
Gyál District
Gyál (Hungarian: Gyáli járás) is a district in central-southern part of Pest County. Gyál is also the name of the town where the district seat is found. The district is located in the Central Hungary Statistical Region.

Central Hungary
Central Hungary (Hungarian: Közép-Magyarország pronounced [ˈkøzeːp ˈmɒɟɒrorsaːɡ]) is one of the eight statistical regions in Hungary (NUTS 1 and NUTS 2). It includes Pest County and since 2018 no longer includes Budapest, the capital of the region.
Haerts
Haerts (stylized as HAERTS) is a German indie pop music duo, formed in 2011 in New York. The band consists of Nini Fabi (vocals) and Ben Gebert (keyboards, guitars).

The group made their debut with the single Wings, which was called "about as flawless as pop tunes come" by KEXP. They released their first EP, Hemiplegia in 2013, their self-titled debut album on Columbia Records in 2014, and the visual EP, POWERLAND in 2016.

Since then they have released three further singles and toured with bands such as Rhye, Shout Out Louds, Michelle Branch, Washed Out, and London Grammar. Their music has been featured in film and television, in such films and shows as Carrie, Cake, Love, Simon, Pretty Little Liars and 13 Reasons Why.

Washed Out
Ernest Weatherly Greene Jr. (born October 3, 1982), better known by the stage name Washed Out, is an American singer, songwriter, and record producer. He is commonly associated with the genres of bedroom pop, chillwave, dream pop, and synth-pop. His 2009 breakout song "Feel It All Around" is generally regarded as the definitive chillwave track that set the template for the genre, leading Pitchfork to dub him the "Godfather of Chillwave".
Mykola Lebid
Mykola Yakovych Lebid (Ukrainian: Микола Якович Лебідь, Russian: Николай Яковлевич Лебедь, 5 May 1936 – 29 March 2007) was a Ukrainian painter, graphic artist, designer, Honored Artist of Ukraine, professor. Known for exquisite watercolor paintings, graphics, design, medallic art and award symbols. He was awarded the Mykola Ostrovsky Prize in 1986.

Borova, Kyiv Oblast
Borova (Ukrainian: Борова) is a rural settlement in Fastiv Raion of Kyiv Oblast (province) of Ukraine, located on the Stuhna River. It belongs to Fastiv urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. The Molovylivka railway station is located in the centre of the settlement. The population is 7,169 (2022 estimate)

Until 26 January 2024, Borova was designated urban-type settlement. On this day, a new law entered into force which abolished this status, and Borova became a rural settlement.
August 2025 White House multilateral meeting on Ukraine
On August 18, 2025, a hurried summit of eight European leaders convened at the White House to discuss the aftermath of the 2025 Russia–United States Summit in Alaska. Robust security guarantees for Ukraine akin to Article 5 of the North Atlantic Treaty were the primary topic on the agenda.

Roosevelt Room
The Roosevelt Room is a meeting room in the West Wing of the White House, the residence of the president of the United States, in Washington, D.C. Located in the center of the wing, across the hall from the Oval Office, it is named after two related U.S. presidents, Theodore Roosevelt and Franklin D. Roosevelt, who were both major contributors to the West Wing. The room is commonly used for staff meetings and to announce the appointment or nomination of new staff members.
Classical Tibetan
Classical Tibetan is a liturgical language of Tibetan Buddhism that dates from the 9th century. It particularly refers to the language of early canonical texts translated from other languages, especially Sanskrit. It is one of the handful of 'living' classical languages along with Arabic, Ge'ez, and New Persian, though it meaningfully differs from Modern Standard Tibetan.

Modern language
A modern language (also known as a living language) is any human language that is currently in use as a native language.

The term is used in language education to distinguish between languages which are used for day-to-day communication (such as French and German) and dead classical languages such as Latin and Classical Chinese, which are studied for their cultural and linguistic value. For example, the Modern Language Association tracks student enrollments in Ancient Greek versus Modern Greek, or Biblical Hebrew versus Modern Hebrew, separately.

SIL Ethnologue defines a living language as "one that has at least one speaker for whom it is their first language" (see also Language § Linguistic diversity).
C. J. Smith (ice hockey)
Connor Jeffrey Smith (born December 1, 1994) is an American professional ice hockey forward who is currently an unrestricted free agent. He most recently played for the Bridgeport Islanders of the American Hockey League (AHL).

Rochester Americans
The Rochester Americans (colloquially known as the Amerks) are a professional ice hockey team based in Rochester, New York. They are the American Hockey League affiliate of the National Hockey League's Buffalo Sabres. The team plays its home games at the Blue Cross Arena at the War Memorial. The Americans are the fourth oldest franchise in the AHL, and have the second longest continuous tenure among AHL teams in their current locations after the Hershey Bears.

Rochester was awarded a new franchise in June 1956, when the Pittsburgh Hornets were forced to suspend operations after their arena, the Duquesne Gardens was razed in an urban renewal project. With the Hornets franchise in limbo until a new arena could be built, there was room in the league for a team in Rochester.

The Americans' team colors are red, white and blue. The logo is a patriotic badge with "Americans" written in cursive script. They have won the Calder Cup six times, and lost in the Cup finals ten times.
Mahmoud Maher Taha
Mahmoud Maher Taha (Arabic: محمود ماهر طه  (born 21 December 1942, in Cairo, Egypt) is an Egyptian Egyptologist.

Taha obtained his B.A. in Egyptology from Cairo University (Department of Archeology) in 1963 and completed his Doctorate in the same field at the University of Lyon, France, in 1982.

He worked as General Director of Information Center of Egyptology and since 1992 has worked as General Director of the Center of Documentation and Studies on Ancient Egypt.

Mahmoud Maher Taha is an honorary member of the Association of the Safeguarding of the Ramesseum Temple (Memnonia) and has worked for over forty years in Nubia and Thebes (Archaeological Documentations).

Egyptology
Egyptology (from Egypt and Greek -λογία, -logia; Arabic: علم المصريات) is the scientific study of ancient Egypt, including historic artifacts and ancient writing. The topics studied include ancient Egyptian history, language, literature, religion, architecture, culture and art from the 5th millennium BC until the end of its native religious practices in the 4th century AD.
RAF Gan
Royal Air Force Gan, commonly known as RAF Gan, is a former Royal Air Force station on Gan island, the southern-most island of Addu Atoll, which is part of the larger groups of islands which form the Maldives, in the middle of the Indian Ocean.  Its motto is En Route, which signifies its importance as a strategic staging post for enabling RAF aircraft to reach their onward destinations at their bases in the Far East.

Following the departure of the Royal Air Force (RAF) in 1976, the former RAF Gan airfield was developed into a civilian airport, and is now known as Gan International Airport.

Motto
A motto (derived from the Latin muttum, 'mutter', by way of Italian motto, 'word' or 'sentence') is a sentence or phrase expressing a belief or purpose, or the general motivation or intention of an individual, family, social group, or organization. Mottos (or mottoes) are usually found predominantly in written form (unlike slogans, which may also be expressed orally), and may stem from long traditions of social foundations, or from significant events, such as a civil war or a revolution. One's motto may be in any language, but Latin has been widely used, especially in the Western world.
Bactra bactrana
Bactra bactrana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found on the Canary Islands, Sicily and Malta and in southern Spain, Portugal, southern Italy, France, Greece, Morocco, Algeria, Egypt, Asia Minor, Arabia, Iraq, Iran, the Caucasus, Afghanistan, the Caspian area, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Pakistan, India, the Republic of Congo, Madagascar, Sudan and Gambia.

The wingspan is 12–19 mm for males and 13–21 mm for females. The ground colour of the forewings is ochreous yellow with dense greyish sprinkling. The hindwings are brown. Adults have been recorded on wing in July in Europe.

The larvae feed on Poa species and Cynodon dactylon.

Poa
Poa is a genus of about 570 species of grasses, native to the temperate regions of both hemispheres. Common names include meadow-grass (mainly in Europe and Asia), bluegrass (mainly in North America), tussock (some New Zealand species), and speargrass. Poa (πόα) is Greek for 'fodder'. Poa are members of the subfamily Pooideae of the family Poaceae.

Bluegrass, which has green leaves, derives its name from the seed heads, which are blue when the plant is allowed to grow to its natural height of two to three feet (0.6 to 0.9 meters).

The genus Poa includes both annual and perennial species. Most are monoecious, but a few are dioecious (separate male and female plants). The leaves are narrow, folded or flat, sometimes bristled, and with the basal sheath flattened or sometimes thickened, with a blunt or hooded apex and membranaceous ligule.
Hajj Ali
Hajj Ali (also: Haj Ali, Hajj 'Ali) is a village at Tigris River in northern Iraq, approximately 60km south of Mosul, in the Nineveh Governorate at the boundaries of Makhmur District. Hajj Ali lies on the north eastern banks of River Tigris, opposite of the oil town of Qayyarah.

Hajj Ali was considered a strategic village for the Mosul offensive in 2016 and was reportedly recaptured by the Iraqi army from ISIL on 13 June 2016.

Nineveh Governorate
Nineveh Governorate is a governorate in northern Iraq. It has an area of 37,323 km2 (14,410 sq mi) and an estimated population of 2,453,000 people as of 2003. Its largest city and provincial capital is Mosul, which lies across the Tigris river from the ruins of ancient Nineveh. Before 1976, it was called Mosul Province and included the present-day Dohuk Governorate.

The region is home to many historical sites including the ancient Assyrian city of Nineveh, and the ruins of Hatra, a UNESCO World Heritage Site which was part of the 2nd-century Arab Kingdom of Hatra. An ethnically, religiously and culturally diverse region, where the second largest city, Tal Afar, has an almost exclusively Turkmen population.
Spatial scale
Spatial scale is a specific application of the term scale for describing or categorizing (e.g. into orders of magnitude) the size of a space (hence spatial), or the extent of it at which a phenomenon or process occurs.

For instance, in physics an object or phenomenon can be called microscopic if too small to be visible. In climatology, a micro-climate is a climate which might occur in a mountain, valley or near a lake shore. In statistics, a megatrend is a political, social, economical, environmental or technological trend which involves the whole planet or is supposed to last a very large amount of time. The concept is also used in geography, astronomy, and meteorology.

These divisions are somewhat arbitrary; where, on this table, mega- is assigned global scope, it may only apply continentally or even regionally in other contexts. The interpretations of meso- and macro- must then be adjusted accordingly.

Trend analysis
Trend analysis is the practice of collecting information and attempting to spot a pattern. In some fields of study, the term has more formally defined meanings.

Although trend analysis is often used to predict future events, it could be used to estimate uncertain events in the past, such as how many ancient kings probably ruled between two dates, based on data such as the average years which other known kings reigned.
Roberto Welin
Roberto Welin is a former Swedish boxer, born on April 9, 1966, in São Paulo, Brazil. During his amateur career, Welin represented clubs in Västerås such as BK Rapid, Stockholm's IF Linnéa, and Malmö's GAK Enighet.

IF Linnéa
IF Linnéa was a sports club in Stockholm, which was subsequently split into two clubs, IF Linnéa Friidrott and IF Linnéa Boxning. IF Linnéa Friidrott was the section for athletics and IF Linnéa Boxning was the section for boxing.

IF Linnéa was founded in 1908. The name "Linnéa" was taken from a building by the Årsta forest, where the men who started the club used to play association football. The formal formation day was, however, on 13 May 1909, on the nameday of Linnéa.

IF Linnéa used to be a big club with many sports, among them bandy, ice hockey, athletics and boxing. The bandy team was the runner-up for the Swedish championship three times.
Porrini
Porrini is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Dino Porrini (born 1953), Italian cyclist

Michael Porrini (born 1989), American basketball player and coach

Sergio Porrini (born 1968), Italian footballer and manager

Sergio Porrini
Sergio Porrini (Italian pronunciation: [ˈsɛrdʒo porˈriːni]; born 8 November 1968) is an Italian football coach and former centre-back and right-back defender.

Porrini played for several Italian clubs throughout his career, although he is most well known for his periods at Juventus, and Scottish club Rangers, where he won several titles. He has also served as an assistant coach for the Albania national football team.
Vyazovka, Sredneakhtubinsky District, Volgograd Oblast
Vyazovka (Russian: Вязовка) is a rural locality (a khutor) in Kuybyshevskoye Rural Settlement, Sredneakhtubinsky District, Volgograd Oblast, Russia. The population was 167 as of 2010. There are 6 streets.

Sredneakhtubinsky District
Sredneakhtubinsky District (Russian: Среднеахту́бинский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the thirty-three in Volgograd Oblast, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Sredneakhtubinsky Municipal District. It is located in the southeast of the oblast. The area of the district is 2,039 square kilometers (787 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Srednyaya Akhtuba. Population: 58,962 (2010 Census); 55,341 (2002 Census); 48,555 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Srednyaya Akhtuba accounts for 24.5% of the district's total population.