hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Divjakë
Divjakë (Albanian: [ˈdivˈjakə]; Albanian definite form: Divjaka) is a municipality and town in Fier County, Albania. The municipality consists of the administrative units of Grabian, Gradishtë, Remas, Tërbuf with Divjakë constituting its seat. As of the Institute of Statistics estimate based on the 2011 census, there were 8,445 people residing in Divjakë and 34,254 in Divjakë Municipality.

Definiteness
In linguistics, definiteness is a semantic feature of noun phrases that distinguishes between referents or senses that are identifiable in a given context (definite noun phrases) and those that are not (indefinite noun phrases). The prototypical definite noun phrase picks out a unique, familiar, specific referent such as the sun or Australia, as opposed to indefinite examples like an idea or some fish.

There is considerable variation in the expression of definiteness across languages, and some languages such as Japanese do not generally mark it, so the same expression can be definite in some contexts and indefinite in others. In other languages, such as English, it is usually marked by the selection of determiner (e.g., the vs. a). Still other languages, such as Danish, mark definiteness morphologically by changing the noun itself (e.g. Danish en mand (a man), manden (the man)).
Theodor Wertheim
Theodor Wertheim  (25 December 1820 – 6 July 1864) was an Austrian chemist born in Vienna. He was the father of gynecologist Ernst Wertheim and brother of physicist Guillaume Wertheim.

He studied organic chemistry in Berlin as a pupil of Eilhard Mitscherlich, and in 1843 travelled to the University of Prague, where he studied under Josef Redtenbacher. He served as privatdozent in Vienna, and from 1853 to 1860, was a professor at the University of Pest. From 1861 onward, he was a professor at the University of Graz. In May 1864, he moved back to Vienna, where he died soon afterwards.

In 1848 he became a corresponding member of the Vienna Academy of Sciences.

In 1844 Wertheim distilled a pungent substance from garlic, naming it "allyl". In his research, he noticed the close relationship between garlic oil and mustard oil. He published a number of studies on garlic oil, piperine, quinine and coniine in Liebig’s Annalen der Chemie.

University of Graz
The University of Graz (German: Universität Graz, formerly: Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz) in Graz is the largest public research university in Styria and the second oldest university in Austria. Its name is derived from Archduke Charles II of Inner Austria and Francis I of Austria. The University of Graz was founded on January 1, 1585.

The Faculty of Medicine was spun off as the Medical University of Graz on January 1, 2004, under the University Act 2002.
Ndwandwe (surname)
Ndwandwe or Ndwandwa is a surname of Ndwandwe Bantu descent. Notable people with the surname include:

LaYaka Ndwandwe, Queen of Swaziland (1780)

Tsandzile Ndwandwel, Queen of Swaziland (1868–1875)

Nukwase Ndwandwe (c. 1890–1957), Queen of Swaziland (1938–1957)

Lomawa Ndwandwe (died 1938), Queen of Swaziland (1925–1938)

Nkosinathi Ndwandwe (born 1959), South African Anglican bishop

Zihlathi Ndwandwe (died 1975), Queen of Swaziland (1957–1975)

Phila Portia Ndwandwe (1965–1988), uMkhonto we Sizwe guerrilla fighter

Sithembiso Ndwandwa (born 1989), South African cricketer

Tsepo Ndwandwa (born 1995), South African cricketer

Tshepiso Ndwandwa (born 1996), South African cricketer

Tshepiso Ndwandwa
Tshepiso Ndwandwa (born 6 April 1996) is a South African cricketer. He made his Twenty20 debut for South Western Districts in the 2018 Africa T20 Cup on 14 September 2018. He made his List A debut on 6 October 2019, for South Western Districts in the 2019–20 CSA Provincial One-Day Challenge.
Zénon Bernard
Johann Zénon Bernard (13 February 1893 – 25 June 1942) was a Luxembourgish communist politician. He led the Communist Party of Luxembourg during its first two decades of existence, and was the first communist elected to the Chamber of Deputies. He died in German captivity during the Second World War.

Chamber of Deputies (Luxembourg)
The Chamber of Deputies (Luxembourgish: Chamber vun den Deputéierten or simply D'Chamber, French: Chambre des Députés, German: Abgeordnetenkammer), abbreviated to the Chamber, is the unicameral national legislature of Luxembourg. The metonym Krautmaart (French: Marché aux herbes, English: "Herb Market") is sometimes used for the Chamber, after the square on which the Hôtel de la Chambre is located.

The Chamber is made up of 60 seats. Deputies are elected to serve five-year terms by proportional representation in four multi-seat constituencies. Voters may vote for as many candidates as the constituency elects deputies.
Opinion polling for the 2012 Taiwanese presidential election
Nationwide public opinion polling have been commissioned in the leadup to the Taiwanese presidential election of 2012 by various organisations, including the Apple Daily, China Times, Global Views Magazine, Liberty Times, Era News and TVBS News. Election forecasts have also been released by various organisations, including the National Chengchi University, China Times, "Gallup" Market Research (not part of the global Gallup organization), Global Views Magazine, and TVBS News, through the use of different forecasting models.

It is important to note that in terms of political orientation, sources such as TVBS News, United Daily News, and China Times are considered to be pro-unification, while sources such as Liberty Times are considered to be pro-independence.

National Chengchi University
National Chengchi University (NCCU; Chinese: 國立政治大學; pinyin: Guólì Zhèngzhì Dàxué; lit. 'National Political Science University') is a public research university in Taipei, Taiwan. It was founded in Nanjing, China, in 1927 as a training institution for officials in the National Government of the Republic of China, then moved to Taiwan in 1954 as the first reestablished national university there.

The university has an urban campus of approximately 103 hectares (250 acres) in the Wenshan District and provides undergraduate and graduate instruction with a specialization in the arts and humanities and social sciences. It consists of twelve colleges, such as the College of Commerce and College of Foreign Languages, in addition to 34 departments and ten research institutes that host 43 master's programs, 34 doctoral programs, and multiple international degree programs.
Members of the Queensland Legislative Assembly, 1953–1956
This is a list of members of the 33rd Legislative Assembly of Queensland from 1953 to 1956, as elected at the 1953 state election held on 7 March 1953.

1  On 17 August 1953, the Labor member for Maryborough, David Farrell, died. Labor candidate Horace Davies won the resulting by-election on 28 November 1953.

2  On 9 December 1954, the Labor member for Flinders and the Secretary for Mines and Immigration, Ernest Riordan, died. Labor candidate and former Prime Minister Frank Forde won the resulting by-election on 12 March 1955.

Electoral district of Flinders (Queensland)
The electoral district of Flinders was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Queensland.

It was first created in 1887, effective 1888, covering the area centred on the central Queensland towns of Cloncurry, Richmond and Hughenden. It replaced the Electoral district of Burke. Flinders, along with parts of Burke, was incorporated into the new seat of Carpentaria in the 1931 redistribution, effective in 1932. It was abolished in a redistribution in 1991, effective 1992. Most of its territory became part of Charters Towers, while the western portion, including Cloncurry, became part of Mount Isa. The last sitting member for Flinders was Bob Katter, who had held it since December 1974.
Quasi-geostrophic equations
While geostrophic motion refers to the wind that would result from an exact balance between the Coriolis force and horizontal pressure-gradient forces, quasi-geostrophic (QG) motion refers to flows where the Coriolis force and pressure gradient forces are almost in balance, but with inertia also having an effect.

Inertia
Inertia is the natural tendency of objects in motion to stay in motion and objects at rest to stay at rest, unless a force causes its velocity to change. It is one of the fundamental principles in classical physics, and described by Isaac Newton in his first law of motion (also known as The Principle of Inertia). It is one of the primary manifestations of mass, one of the core quantitative properties of physical systems. Newton writes:

LAW I. Every object perseveres in its state of rest, or of uniform motion in a right line, except insofar as it is compelled to change that state by forces impressed thereon.

In his 1687 work Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica, Newton defined inertia as a property:

DEFINITION III. The vis insita, or innate force of matter, is a power of resisting by which every body, as much as in it lies, endeavours to persevere in its present state, whether it be of rest or of moving uniformly forward in a right line.
Kurchaloy (teip)
Kurchaloy (Chechen: Курчалой) is a Chechen teip (clan) from the historic region of Ichkeria and belongs to the tukkhum Nokhchmakhkakhoy, also called Ichkerians. The centre of the teip is the village Verkhny Kurchali, which is located in the Vedensky District.

Chechen language
Chechen (Нохчийн, Noxçiyn, [ˈnɔxt͡ʃĩː]) is a Northeast Caucasian language, spoken primarily by the Chechen people, native to the Russian republic of Chechnya, as well as its neighbouring republics. With approximately 1.8 million speakers, it is also spoken by members of the Chechen diaspora throughout Russia and the rest of the world.
Nephelium maingayi
Nephelium maingayi, also known as serait in Malay, mujau in Iban, and buah sungkit in Sabah and Brunei, is a species of flowering plant, a tropical forest fruit-tree in the rambutan family, that is native to Southeast Asia.

Sapindaceae
The Sapindaceae are a family of flowering plants in the order Sapindales known as the soapberry family. It contains 138 genera and 1,858 accepted species. Examples include horse chestnut, maples, ackee and lychee.

The Sapindaceae occur in temperate to tropical regions, many in laurel forest habitat, throughout the world. Many are laticiferous, i.e. they contain latex, a milky sap, and many contain mildly toxic saponins with soap-like qualities in either the foliage and/or the seeds, or roots. The largest genera are Serjania, Paullinia, Allophylus and Acer.
Pusakot Chhiudi
Pusakot Chiudi is a village and market center Dullu Municipality in Dailekh District in the Bheri Zone of western-central Nepal. The formerly village development committee was annexed to the municipality from 18 May 2014.  At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3415 people living in 683 individual households.

Bheri Zone
Bheri Zone (Nepali: भेरी अञ्चलListenⓘ) was one of the fourteen zones located in the Mid-Western Development Region of Nepal. Nepalgunj were the administrative headquarters.

Cities and towns were Narayan, Jajarkot and Chhinchu in the "hills"; Nepalgunj, Gularia and Kohalpur in Terai; and Birendranagar in Surkhet Valley in the Inner Terai.
GGH encryption scheme
The Goldreich–Goldwasser–Halevi (GGH) lattice-based cryptosystem is a broken asymmetric cryptosystem based on lattices.  There is also a GGH signature scheme which hasn't been broken as of 2024.

The Goldreich–Goldwasser–Halevi (GGH) cryptosystem makes use of the fact that the closest vector problem can be a hard problem. This system was published in 1997 by  Oded Goldreich, Shafi Goldwasser, and Shai Halevi, and uses a trapdoor one-way function which relies on the difficulty of lattice reduction. The idea included in this trapdoor function is that, given any basis for a lattice, it is easy to generate a vector which is close to a lattice point, for example taking a lattice point and adding a small error vector. But to return from this erroneous vector to the original lattice point a special basis is needed.

The GGH encryption scheme was cryptanalyzed (broken) in 1999 by Phong Q. Nguyen. Nguyen and Oded Regev had cryptanalyzed the related GGH signature scheme in 2006.

Oded Goldreich
Oded Goldreich (Hebrew: עודד גולדרייך; born 1957) is a professor of computer science at the faculty of mathematics and computer science of the Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel. His research interests lie within the theory of computation and are, specifically, the interplay of randomness and computation, the foundations of cryptography, and computational complexity theory. He won the Knuth Prize in 2017 and was selected in 2021 to receive the Israel Prize in mathematics. He is a member of the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities.
Diocese of Derby
The Diocese of Derby is a Church of England diocese in the Province of Canterbury, roughly covering the same area as the County of Derbyshire.  Its diocesan bishop is the Bishop of Derby whose seat (cathedra) is at Derby Cathedral.  The diocesan bishop is assisted by one suffragan bishop, the Bishop of Repton.

Cathedra
A cathedra is the throne of a bishop, found in the cathedral church of his diocese. The word derives from the Greek καθέδρα (kathédra), meaning "seat", especially one used by a bishop or teacher; this term is also the ultimate source of the word "chair".
Kadugli
Kaduqli or Kadugli (Arabic: كادوقلي Kādūqlī) is the capital city of South Kordofan State, Sudan. It is located 240 kilometres (150 mi) south of El-Obeid, at the northern edge of the White Nile plain in the Nuba Mountains. It contains Hilal Stadium.

White Nile
The White Nile (Arabic: النيل الأبيض an-nīl al-'abyaḍ) is a river in North and East Africa, the minor of the two main tributaries of the Nile, the larger being the Blue Nile. The name "White" comes from the clay sediment carried in the water that changes the water to a pale color.

In the strict meaning, "White Nile" refers to the river formed at Lake No, at the confluence of the Bahr al Jabal and Bahr el Ghazal Rivers. In the wider sense, "White Nile" refers to all the stretches of river draining from Lake Victoria through to the merger with the Blue Nile: the "Victoria Nile" from Lake Victoria via Lake Kyoga to Lake Albert, then the "Albert Nile" to the South Sudan border, and then the "Mountain Nile" or "Bahr-al-Jabal" down to Lake No. "White Nile" may sometimes include the headwaters of Lake Victoria, the most remote of which being 3,700 km (2,300 mi) from the Blue Nile.
Cherevychne
Cherevychne (Ukrainian: Черевичне) is a municipality in Ukraine in Odesa Raion, Odesa Oblast. It belongs to Usatove rural hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. The population is 135.

Until 18 July 2020, Cherevychne belonged to Biliaivka Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Odesa Oblast to seven. The area of Biliaivka Raion was merged into Odesa Raion.

Usatove rural hromada
Usatove rural hromada (Ukrainian: Усатівська сільська громада) is a hromada in Odesa Raion of Odesa Oblast in southwestern Ukraine. Population: 15,016 (2022 estimate)

The hromada consists of 15 villages:

Until 18 July 2020, the hromada belonged to Biliaivka Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Odesa Oblast to seven. The area of Biliaivka Raion was merged into Odesa Raion.
Soviet War Memorial (Treptower Park)
The Soviet War Memorial (German: Sowjetisches Ehrenmal) is a war memorial and military cemetery in Berlin's Treptower Park. It was built to the design of the Soviet architect Yakov Belopolsky to commemorate 7,000 of the 80,000 Red Army soldiers who fell in the Battle of Berlin in April–May 1945. It opened four years after the end of World War II in Europe, on 8 May 1949. The Memorial served as the central war memorial of East Germany.

The monument is one of three Soviet memorials built in Berlin after the end of the war. The other two memorials are the Tiergarten memorial, built in 1945 in the Tiergarten district of what later became West Berlin, and the Schönholzer Heide Memorial in Berlin's Pankow district.

Together with the Rear-front Memorial in Magnitogorsk and The Motherland Calls in Volgograd, the monument is a part of a triptych.

Triptych
A triptych (/ˈtrɪptɪk/ TRIP-tik) is a work of art (usually a panel painting) that is divided into three sections, or three carved panels that are hinged together and can be folded shut or displayed open. It is therefore a type of polyptych, the term for all multi-panel works. The middle panel is typically the largest and flanked by two smaller related works, although there are triptychs of equal-sized panels. The form can also be used for pendant jewelry.

Beyond its usual meaning in the visual arts, the term is sometimes used as a title or descriptive term in other arts media such as music or the performing arts for works with three parts.
Sharif Hasan Deobandi
Sharif Hasan Deobandi (9 August 1920 – 2 June 1977) was an Indian Islamic scholar and Muhaddith. He served as Sheikh al-Hadith at Darul Uloom Deoband from 1972 to 1977. He also worked as a professor of Hadith and Sheikh al-Hadith at Jamia Islamia Talimuddin in Dabhel for almost ten years.

Deoband
Deoband is a town and a municipality in Saharanpur district in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India, about 150 km (93 miles) from Delhi. Darul Uloom Deoband, an Islamic seminary and one of the largest Islamic institutions of India is located there.
Anthony DeRosa
Anthony "Tony" DeRosa (born January 1, 1959) is an American animator, best known for his work at Walt Disney Animation Studios. DeRosa has worked as a supervising animator on several Disney Animated Feature Films, including The Lion King, Pocahontas, Hercules, Fantasia 2000, Atlantis: The Lost Empire and The Princess and the Frog. Outside of Disney, DeRosa has worked as an animator on films such as Looney Tunes: Back in Action, Fat Albert, Curious George and The Simpsons Movie, for which he received an Annie Award nomination.

Annie Awards
The Annie Awards are accolades which the Los Angeles branch of the International Animated Film Association, ASIFA-Hollywood, has presented each year since 1972 to recognize excellence in animation shown in American cinema and television. Originally designed to celebrate lifetime or career contributions to animation, the award has been given to individual works since 1992, becoming the biggest awards ceremony in the United States for the animation industry.

Membership in ASIFA-Hollywood is divided into three main categories: General Member (for professionals), Patron (for enthusiasts of animation), and Student Member. Members in each category pay a fee to belong to the branch. Selected professional members of the branch are permitted to vote to decide the awards.

The 48th and 49th Annie Awards ceremonies were held virtually on April 16, 2021, and March 12, 2022, respectively, due to the then ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
John Pasco
Rear-Admiral John Pasco (1774–1853) served in the Royal Navy between 1784 and 1853, eventually rising to the rank of rear admiral. He acted as signal officer on board HMS Victory at the Battle of Trafalgar and notably advised on the wording of Nelson's famous signal "England expects that every man will do his duty".

Rear admiral (Royal Navy)
Rear admiral (RAdm) is a flag officer rank of the Royal Navy. It is immediately superior to commodore and is subordinate to vice admiral. It is a two-star rank and has a NATO ranking code of OF-7.

The equivalent rank in the British Army and Royal Marines is major-general; and in the Royal Air Force it is air vice-marshal.
Gold (Adekunle Gold album)
Gold is the debut studio album of Nigerian recording artist Adekunle Gold, released on 28 July 2016, by YBNL Nation. It features one guest appearance from Simi and production from B Banks, Masterkraft, Oscar Heman-Ackah, Pheelz, SeyiKeyz, and Sleekamo. Prior to its release, six singles were released off the album to positive reviews, with "Sade" and "Orente" being his breakthrough singles. The album peaked at #7 on Billboard's World Album Charts for the week of 13 August 2016.

Seyifunmi Michael
Bakare Michael, professionally known as Seyifunmi or SeyiKeyz, is a Nigerian music director, producer, and entrepreneur. He is recognized for his work in live performance arrangement and production within Nigeria’s contemporary music scene, particularly in the Afrobeats genre. Seyifunmi is also the founder of the Lagos-based restaurant brand Three Kings Burger.
1998 French Open – Men's doubles
The 1998 French Open was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor clay courts at the Stade Roland Garros in Paris, France. The tournament was held from 25 May until 7 June. It was the 97th staging of the French Open, and the second Grand Slam tennis event of 1998.

Yevgeny Kafelnikov and Daniel Vacek were the defending champions, but lost in the second round to Jordi Burillo and Marc-Kevin Goellner.

Jacco Eltingh and Paul Haarhuis won the title by defeating Mark Knowles and Daniel Nestor 6–3, 3–6, 6–3 in the final.

Marc-Kevin Goellner
Marc-Kevin Peter Goellner (born 22 September 1970) is a former professional tennis player from Germany. He won two singles titles, achieved a bronze medal in doubles at the 1996 Summer Olympics and attained a career-high singles ranking of World No. 26 in April 1994. Goellner reached the quarterfinals of the 1997 Rome Masters, defeating top tenners Richard Krajicek and Albert Costa en route.
Theta meson
The theta meson (θ) is a hypothetical form of quarkonium (i.e. a flavourless meson) formed by a top quark (t) and top antiquark (t). As a P-odd and C-odd tt state, it is analogous to the ϕ (ss), J/ψ (cc) and ϒ (bb) mesons. Due to the top quark's short lifetime, the theta meson is expected to not be observed in nature.

In 2025, new research from the CMS and ATLAS collaborations demonstrated the existence of theta mesons at greater than 5-sigma significance.

ATLAS experiment
ATLAS is the largest general-purpose particle detector experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), a particle accelerator at CERN (the European Organization for Nuclear Research) in Switzerland. The experiment is designed to take advantage of the unprecedented energy available at the LHC and observe phenomena that involve highly massive particles which were not observable using earlier lower-energy accelerators. ATLAS was one of the two LHC experiments involved in the discovery of the Higgs boson in July 2012. It was also designed to search for evidence of theories of particle physics beyond the Standard Model.

The experiment is a collaboration involving 6,003 members, out of which 3,822 are physicists (last update: June 26, 2022) from 243 institutions in 40 countries.
Gurudas Nagar railway station
Gurudas Nagar railway station is a Kolkata Suburban Railway Station on the Diamond Harbour Branch line. It is under the jurisdiction of the Sealdah railway division in the Eastern Railway zone of the Indian Railways. Gurudas Nagar railway station is situated beside Diamond Harbour Road, Durganagar, Lalbati, Gurudas Nagar, South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

Eastern Railway zone
22°34′21.8″N 88°21′50.2″E﻿ / ﻿22.572722°N 88.363944°E﻿ / 22.572722; 88.363944

The Eastern Railway (abbreviated ER) is among the 19 zones of the Indian Railways. Its headquarters is at Fairley Place (Kolkata) and comprises four divisions: Howrah, Malda, Sealdah, and Asansol. Each division is headed by a Divisional Railway Manager (DRM). The name of the division denotes the name of the city where the divisional headquarters is located. Eastern Railway oversees the largest and second largest rail complexes in the country, Howrah Junction and Sealdah railway station, and also contains the highest number of A1 and A Category Stations like Howrah, Malda Town,
Sealdah, Asansol, Kolkata, Durgapur, Barddhaman, Jasidih, Madhupur, Rampurhat Junction, Bhagalpur, Jamalpur, Bandel and Naihati. Eastern Railways operates India's oldest train, Kalka Mail.