hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Vladimir Bykov
Vladimir Bykov is a Russian oncologist and Karolinska Institutet Professor. On April 28, 2000, he along with his colleagues have proven that UV-induced DNA photoproduct levels do increase as people get older. He proved that by studying skin type and gender on 30 individuals which had various skin types. As a result, he discovered that people who have skin type I and II have higher induction of cyclobutane and pyrimidine dimers than those that have III or IV type. During the study he also mentioned that by combining thymidylyl and deoxycytidine the induction levels do become higher.

Cyclobutane
Cyclobutane is a cycloalkane and organic compound with the formula (CH2)4. Cyclobutane is a colourless gas and is commercially available as a liquefied gas. Derivatives of cyclobutane are called cyclobutanes. Cyclobutane itself is of no commercial or biological significance, but more complex derivatives are important in biology and biotechnology.
201st Battalion (Toronto Light Infantry), CEF
The 201st (Toronto Light Infantry) Battalion, CEF was a unit in the Canadian Expeditionary Force during World War I. Based in Toronto, Ontario, the unit began recruiting during the winter of 1915/16 in that city. The battalion was disbanded while still in Canada, and its men were transferred to the 170th (Mississauga Horse) Battalion, CEF, and 198th (Canadian Buffs) Battalion, CEF in September 1916. The 201st (Toronto Light Infantry) Battalion, CEF had one officer commanding: Lieutenant Colonel E. W. Hagarty.

Canadian Expeditionary Force
The Canadian Expeditionary Force (CEF; French: Corps expéditionnaire canadien) was the expeditionary field force of Canada during the First World War. It was formed on August 15, 1914, following Britain’s declaration of war on the German Empire, with an initial strength of one infantry division. The division subsequently fought at Ypres on the Western Front, with a newly raised second division reinforcing the committed units to form the Canadian Corps. The CEF and corps was eventually expanded to four infantry divisions, which were all committed to the fighting in France and Belgium along the Western Front. A fifth division was partially raised in 1917, but was broken up in 1918 and used as reinforcements following heavy casualties.
Affliction (1997 film)
Affliction is a 1997 American neo-noir crime drama directed and written by Paul Schrader. Based on the 1989 novel by Russell Banks, the film stars Nick Nolte, Sissy Spacek, James Coburn, and Willem Dafoe.

Affliction had its world premiere at the 54th Venice International Film Festival on August 28, 1997, and was released in the United States on December 30, 1998, by Lions Gate Films. The film received positive reviews from critics, who mostly lauded the performances of Nolte and Coburn. At the 71st Academy Awards, Nolte was nominated for Best Actor and Coburn won for Best Supporting Actor. It earned six nominations at the 14th Independent Spirit Awards, including Best Feature.

Neo-noir
Neo-noir is a film genre from the 1970s, in the era of New Hollywood, which is primarily associated with the subversion and visual style of classic film noir tropes, adapting the themes of 1940s and 1950s American film noir for contemporary audiences, often with vibrant colors and high-contrast, more graphic depictions of violence or sexuality, thematic motifs, and nonlinear narrative or editing.

During the 1970s and the mid 1980s, the term "neo-noir" surged in popularity, fueled by movies such as Roman Polanski’s Chinatown (1974), Martin Scorsese's Taxi Driver (1976), Sydney Pollack's Absence of Malice (1981), Ridley Scott’s Blade Runner (1982), Paul Verhoeven's The Fourth Man (1983 film) and David Lynch’s Blue Velvet (1986). The French term film noir translates literally to English as "black film", indicating sinister stories often presented in a shadowy cinematographic style. Neo-noir has a similar style but with updated themes, content, style, and visual elements.
Dedham Vale (painting)
Dedham Vale is an 1802 landscape painting by the British artist John Constable. It depicts a view of Dedham Vale on the border of Suffolk and Essex.

Although Constable displayed an untitled landscape at the Royal Academy Exhibition of 1802 at Somerset House, he exhibition debut, it is not known whether this was the work in question. The painting is now in the collection of the Victoria and Albert Museum having been donated by the artist's daughter Isabel in 1888. In 1828 Constable produced a painting with a similar view The Vale of Dedham which is now in the Scottish National Gallery.

Somerset House
Somerset House is a large neoclassical building complex situated on the south side of the Strand in central London, overlooking the River Thames, just east of Waterloo Bridge. The Georgian era quadrangle is built on the site of a Tudor palace ("Old Somerset House") originally belonging to the Duke of Somerset. The present Somerset House was designed by Sir William Chambers, begun in 1776, and was further extended with Victorian era outer wings to the east and west in 1831 and 1856 respectively. The site of Somerset House stood directly on the River Thames until the Victoria Embankment was built in the late 1860s.

The great Georgian era structure was built to be a grand public building housing various government and public-benefit society offices. Its present tenants are a mixture of various organisations, generally centred around the arts and education.
2013 Internationaux Féminins de la Vienne – Doubles
Catalina Castaño and Mervana Jugić-Salkić were the defending champions, having won the event in 2012, but both players decided not to participate in 2013.

Lucie Hradecká and Michaëlla Krajicek won the tournament, defeating Christina McHale and Monica Niculescu in the final, 7–6(7–5), 6–2.

Catalina Castaño
Catalina Castaño Álvarez (Latin American Spanish: [kataˈlina kasˈtaɲo ˈalβares]; born 7 July 1979) is a Colombian former tennis player. Her highest singles ranking is world No. 35 which she achieved July 2006.

In her career, she won ten titles on the ITF Women's Circuit, six in singles and four in doubles, as well as one doubles title on both the WTA Tour and Challenger Tour.

Castaño defeated top-20 players such as Nicole Vaidišová, Anna-Lena Grönefeld, Patty Schnyder, Paola Suárez, Li Na and Lucie Šafářová. She was coached by Peruvian-born British citizen Pablo Giacopelli since 2004.
Faisalabad Hockey Stadium
The Faisalabad Hockey Stadium is a multi-use stadium in Faisalabad, in central Punjab, Pakistan. Used mainly for staging field hockey matches, it is the third-largest hockey stadium in Pakistan (after Lahore and Karachi), and can accommodate 25,000 spectators.

It is located at Susan Road, a major shopping and restaurant area in the heart of the city and was built during the 1990s. It provides good facilities to players from the proverbial nursery of hockey in Pakistan, Gojra, which is located in Faisalabad District.

The stadium has floodlights and training facilities. It is controlled by Pakistan Hockey Federation (PHF), which also looks after the management and other issues of the stadium with cooperation of provincial and local governments.

It is home ground of the Pakistan national field hockey team as well as regional teams. Many national level tournaments, such as National Hockey Championship, have been organized here.

Floodlight
A floodlight is a broad-beamed, high-intensity artificial light. It can provide functional area lighting for travel-ways, parking, entrances, work areas, and sporting venues to enable visibility adequate for safe task performance, ornamental lighting for advertising, façades, monuments, or support perimeter security. Floodlights are often used to illuminate outdoor playing fields while an outdoor sports event is being held during low-light conditions. More focused kinds are often used as a stage lighting instrument in live performances such as concerts and plays.

Floodlights may also be used to add effects to buildings at night; this is commonly termed facade lighting or—less precisely—architectural illumination.
CIVL-FM
CIVL-FM is a Canadian radio station located at the University of the Fraser Valley (Building S) in Abbotsford, British Columbia. More commonly known as CIVL Radio, the station serves the Fraser Valley Regional District, specifically the surrounding communities of UFV in Abbotsford, Chilliwack and Mission.

Mission, British Columbia
Mission is a city in the Lower Mainland of the province of British Columbia, Canada. It was originally incorporated as a district municipality in 1892, growing to include additional villages and rural areas over the years, adding the original Town of Mission City, along an independent core of the region, in 1969. It is bordered by the city of Abbotsford to the south and the city of Maple Ridge to the west. To the east are the unincorporated areas of Hatzic and Dewdney.

It is situated on the north bank of the Fraser River, backing onto mountains and lakes overlooking the Central Fraser Valley 65 km (40 miles) southeast of Vancouver.
Super Tassa
Super Tassa (foaled 10 February 1996) is an Irish-bred, Italian-trained Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare best known for her upset win in the 2001 Yorkshire Oaks. Bred by Percy Banahan in County Meath was sold cheaply as a yearling and exported to race in Italy. After winning two minor races as a juvenile, she added a win in the Listed Premio Baggio in 1999 but finished last in her only race outside Italy. As a four-year-old she won two of her six races including her first Group race success in the Prix Corrida in Paris. She reached her peak in 2001 when she won the Premio Carlo d'Alessio in Rome and ended her racing career by winning the Yorkshire Oaks in England at odds of 25/1. She was retired from racing shortly afterwards and has had modest success as a dam of winners.

Prix Corrida
The Prix Corrida is a Group 2 flat horse race in France open to thoroughbred fillies and mares aged four years or older. It is run at Saint-Cloud over a distance of 2,100 metres (about 1 mile and 2½ furlongs), and it is scheduled to take place each year in May.
KLCK (AM)
KLCK (1400 kHz) is an AM radio station broadcasting a talk radio format. Licensed to Goldendale, Washington, United States, the station is currently owned by Shannon Milburn and Colette Carpenter, through licensee Gorge Country Media, Inc.

Goldendale, Washington
Goldendale is a city in and the county seat of Klickitat County, Washington, United States, near the Columbia River Gorge. As of the 2020 census, Goldendale had a population of 3,453. It is situated in a primarily agricultural area and is also near Goldendale Observatory State Park. The valley in which Goldendale is located offers views of the Cascade Mountains to the west and the Simcoe Mountains to the north.
Kalleh-ye Garaz
Kalleh-ye Garaz (Persian: كله گراز, also Romanized as Kalleh-ye Garāz) is a village in Maspi Rural District, in the Central District of Abdanan County, Ilam Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 70, in 13 families. The village is populated by Kurds.

Ilam province
Ilam Province (Persian: استان ایلام) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its capital is the city of Ilam.

The province is in the western part of the country in Region 4 and covers 20,164.11 km2 (7,785.41 mi2). It shares 425 km (264 mi) of the border with Iraq, and also borders on the provinces of Kermanshah, Lorestan, and Khuzestan.
City for Conquest
City for Conquest is a 1940 American epic drama film directed by Anatole Litvak and starring James Cagney, Ann Sheridan and Arthur Kennedy. The film is based on the 1936 novel of the same name by Aben Kandel. The supporting cast features Elia Kazan, Anthony Quinn, Donald Crisp, Frank McHugh, Frank Craven and Lee Patrick.

Epic film
Epic films have large scale, sweeping scope, and spectacle. The term is slightly ambiguous, sometimes designating a film genre and at other times simply big-budget films. Like epics in the classical literary sense, it is often focused on a heroic character. An epic's ambitious nature helps to set it apart from other genres such as the period piece or adventure film.

Epic historical films would usually take a historical or a mythical event and add an extravagant setting, lavish costumes, an expansive musical score, and an ensemble cast, which would make them extremely expensive to produce. The most common subjects of epic films are royalty and important figures from various periods in world history.
Quinn Kelsey
Quinn Kamakanalani Kelsey (born 7 March 1978) is a Hawaiian baritone, who is particularly noted for his performances in operas by Verdi. He has been featured in leading roles by the Metropolitan Opera in New York City, as well as other major opera companies in America and Europe.

The Cunning Little Vixen
The Cunning Little Vixen (original title Příhody lišky Bystroušky or Tales of Vixen Sharp-Ears in English) is a three-act Czech-language opera by Leoš Janáček completed in 1923 to a libretto the composer himself adapted from a novella by Rudolf Těsnohlídek.
Dr. Knisley Covered Bridge
The Dr. Knisley Covered Bridge is a historic wooden covered bridge located at West St. Clair Township in Bedford County, Pennsylvania, USA. It is an 80-foot-long (24 m), medium Burr Truss bridge with a shallow gable roof. It crosses Dunning Creek. It is one of 15 historic covered bridges in Bedford County.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

Burr Truss
The Burr Arch Truss—or, simply, Burr Truss or Burr Arch—is a combination of an arch and a multiple kingpost truss design. It was invented in 1804 by Theodore Burr, patented on April 3, 1817, and used in bridges, usually covered bridges.
Emma Gregores
Emma Mercedes Gregores (1927-2007) was an Argentine linguist specializing in the Guarani language. She graduated from the  University of Buenos Aires, worked as Lecturer of Grammar and Linguistic Theory at the National University of La Plata, and researcher at CONICET.

Along with his husband Jorge A. Suárez, from 1959 to 1961 she finished a doctorate at Cornell University, studying with Charles Hockett. In 1968, they published a grammar of the Guaraní language.

Charles F. Hockett
Charles Francis Hockett (January 17, 1916 – November 3, 2000) was an American linguist who developed many influential ideas in American structuralist linguistics. He represents the post-Bloomfieldian phase of structuralism often referred to as "distributionalism" or "taxonomic structuralism". His academic career spanned over half a century at Cornell and Rice universities. Hockett was also a firm believer of linguistics as a branch of anthropology, making contributions that were significant to the field of anthropology as well.
Russian military bands
Russian military bands fall under the jurisdiction of the Military Band Service of the Armed Forces of Russia, which is the official music service for the Russian Armed Forces, and led by the Senior Director of Music, a billet of an officer with the rank of a Colonel or a general officer. There are between 200 and 300 military bands in the Russian Armed Forces that span across the military as well as all uniformed services in the country. All bands, active or reserve, are composed of graduates from the military music training centers stationed anywhere in the country, as well as of civilian conservatories. While choirs may be attached to military bands, individual staff choirs do not exist in the Russian Armed Forces, since they have attached instrumental ensembles or orchestras. As of 2009, all military musicians are paid around 13,000 rubles ($169.65) for their service in the Armed Forces and other uniformed organizations.

Khabarovsk
Khabarovsk (Russian: Хабаровск [xɐˈbarəfsk] ⓘ) is the largest city and the administrative centre of Khabarovsk Krai, Russia, located 30 kilometers (19 mi) from the China–Russia border, at the confluence of the Amur and Ussuri Rivers, about 800 kilometers (500 mi) north of Vladivostok. As of the 2021 Russian census, it had a population of 617,441. It was known as Khabarovka until 1893.

The city was the administrative center of the Far Eastern Federal District of Russia from 2002 until December 2018, when the status was given to Vladivostok. As is typical of the interior of the Russian Far East, Khabarovsk has an extreme climate with strong seasonal swings resulting in strong, cold winters and relatively hot and humid summers.
Northwest School, Seattle
The Northwest School (originally The Northwest School of the Arts, Humanities and Environment) is a private day and boarding school located on Seattle, Washington's First Hill. The school was founded in 1980 and is primarily located in the 1905 Summit School building, an official City of Seattle landmark that was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

The school's student body includes approximately 500 day and boarding students, in grades 6-12, some 16% of whom are from outside the United States. The school has attracted international students for decades, and international opportunities for domestic students range from Central America to Ethiopia.

As of 2020, school review website Niche ranks The Northwest School as the third-best boarding high school, eleventh best private high school, and the twelfth best college prep private high school in Washington state.

Niche (company)
Niche.com, formerly known as College Prowler, is an American company headquartered in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, that runs a ranking and review site. The company was founded by Luke Skurman in 2002 as a publisher of print guidebooks on U.S. colleges, but is now an online resource providing information on K–12 schools, colleges, cities, neighborhoods, and companies across the United States.
Dominica–Mexico relations
The nations of Dominica and Mexico established diplomatic relations in 1979. Both nations are members of the Association of Caribbean States, Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, Organization of American States and the United Nations.

José Antonio Meade
José Antonio Meade Kuribreña (Spanish pronunciation: [xoˌse anˈtonjo ˈmið kuɾiˈβɾeɲa]; born 27 February 1969) is a Mexican politician, economist, lawyer, and diplomat. He served as a cabinet minister under Presidents Felipe Calderón and Enrique Peña Nieto in a variety of portfolios, becoming the first Mexican official appointed to cabinet five times. He was the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) candidate in the 2018 presidential election, where he placed third.
R v U (FJ)
R v U (FJ) is a leading case of the Supreme Court of Canada. In the decision the court modified the requirements of admissibility of prior statements.
In R v B (KG), the court required that prior statements can only be admitted for the truth of its contents where it was under oath and videotaped. In UFJ, the court permitted a less strict standard. The complainants prior statement was admitted for the truth of its contents without being under oath or videotaped where the statement was corroborated by the accused confession. The enhanced reliability of the corroboration and the opportunity to cross-examine the recanting witness was sufficient to remove much of the dangers associated with prior statements.

Oath
Traditionally, an oath (from Anglo-Saxon āþ, also a plight) is a statement of fact or a promise taken by a sacrality as a sign of verity. A common legal substitute for those who object to making sacred oaths is to give an affirmation instead. Nowadays, even when there is no notion of sanctity involved, certain promises said out loud in ceremonial or juridical purpose are referred to as oaths. "To swear" is a verb used to describe the taking of an oath; to make a solemn vow.
Ralph Eastwood
Lieutenant-General Sir Thomas Ralph Eastwood, KCB, DSO, MC (10 May 1890 – 15 February 1959) was a senior British Army officer who notably served as Governor of Gibraltar towards the end of the Second World War.

Lieutenant-general (United Kingdom)
Lieutenant general (Lt Gen), formerly more commonly lieutenant-general, is a senior rank in the British Army and the Royal Marines. It is the equivalent of a multinational three-star rank; some British lieutenant generals sometimes wear three-star insignia, in addition to their standard insignia, when on multinational operations.

Lieutenant general is a superior rank to major general, but subordinate to a (full) general. The rank has a NATO rank code of OF-8, equivalent to a vice-admiral in the Royal Navy and an air marshal in the Royal Air Force (RAF) and the air forces of many Commonwealth countries.

The rank insignia for both the Army and the Royal Marines is a crown over a crossed sabre and baton. During the reign of Elizabeth II, the St Edward's Crown, commonly known as the Queen's Crown, was depicted. Before 1953, and again since the accession of Charles III in 2022, the Tudor Crown has been used.
Indiana Rail Road
The Indiana Rail Road (reporting mark INRD) is a United States Class II railroad, originally operating over former Illinois Central Railroad trackage from Newton, Illinois, to Indianapolis, Indiana, a distance of 155 miles (249 km).

This line, now known as the Indiana Rail Road's Indianapolis Subdivision, comprises most of the former IC/ICG line from Indianapolis to Effingham, Illinois; Illinois Central successor Canadian National Railway retains the portion from Newton to Effingham. INRD also owns a former Milwaukee Road line from Terre Haute, Indiana, to Burns City, Indiana (site of the Crane Naval Surface Warfare Center), with trackage rights extending to Chicago, Illinois.

INRD no longer serves Louisville, Kentucky, and the Port of Indiana on the Ohio River at Jeffersonville, Indiana, through a haulage agreement with the Louisville & Indiana Railroad (LIRC).

Reporting mark
A reporting mark is a code used to identify owners or lessees of rolling stock and other equipment used on certain rail transport networks.  The code typically reflects the name or identifying number of the owner, lessee, or operator of the equipment, similar to IATA airline designators.

In North America, the mark, which consists of an alphabetic code of two to four letters, is stenciled on each piece of equipment, along with a one- to six-digit number. This information is used to uniquely identify every such rail car or locomotive, thus allowing it to be tracked by the railroad it is traveling over, which shares the information with other railroads and customers.  In multinational registries, a code indicating the home country may also be included.