hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chrysanthos of Madytos
Chrysanthos of Madytos (Greek: Χρύσανθος ὁ ἐκ Μαδύτων; c. 1770 – 1846) was a Greek poet, chanter, Archimandrite, and Archbishop, born in Madytos. In preparation of the first printed books of Orthodox chant, he was responsible for a reform of the Byzantine notation within the New Music School of the Patriarchate, along with Gregorios the Protopsaltes and Chourmouzios the Archivist who transcribed the traditional repertory into the Chrysanthine notation.

Archimandrite
The title archimandrite (/ˌɑːrkɪˈmændraɪt/; Greek: ἀρχιμανδρίτης, romanized: archimandritēs), used in Eastern Christianity, originally referred to a superior abbot (hegumenos, Greek: ἡγούμενος, present participle of the verb meaning "to lead") whom a bishop appointed to supervise several "ordinary" abbots and monasteries, or as the abbot of some especially great and important monastery, but nowadays it is most often used purely as a title of honor (with no connection to any actual monastery) and is bestowed on a hieromonk as a mark of respect or gratitude for service to the Church.

This title is only given to those priests who have been tonsured monks, while distinguished non-monastic (typically married) priests would be given the title of protopresbyter. In history, some women were able to obtain that title, notably when cross-dressing as male monks, such as Susanna the Deaconess.
Ole Einar Martinsen
Ole Einar Martinsen (born 11 March 1967 is a retired Norwegian football defender.

He joined Kongsvinger from Eidsvold Turn in 1988. After five seasons he played one season for Rosenborg. After three more seasons in Kongsvinger he played two for Lillestrøm, before four ultimate seasons for Kongsvinger. During his last stay the club dropped from the first to the third tier. Martinsen continued in third-tier club Larvik Fotball, then fourth-tier Langesund/Stathelle and sixth-/fifth-tier Stathelle og Omegn.

Martinsen was capped twice for Norway.

Eidsvold TF
Eidsvold Turnforening is a Norwegian sport club from Eidsvoll, Akershus. It has sections for association football, team handball, track and field, gymnastics and speed skating.

The club was founded as Eidsvold IL on 29 April 1910, and the name was changed to Eidsvold TF in 1912. It acquired its current stadium site, Myhrer, in 1916.

The men's football team currently plays in the Norwegian Second Division, the third tier of Norwegian football, having been promoted from the 2023 Norwegian Third Division.
Rolandas Kalinauskas RK-6 Magic
The Rolandas Kalinauskas RK-6 Magic (or Magija) is a Lithuanian ultralight aircraft, designed and produced by Rolandas Kalinauskas, of Prienai. The aircraft is supplied as a complete ready-to-fly-aircraft.

Prienai
Prienai (Lithuanian pronunciation: [prʲɪ̂ɛ.nɐɪ̯ˑ] ⓘ) is a city in Lithuania situated on the Nemunas River, 29 km (18 mi) south of Kaunas. In 2023, the city had 8,894 inhabitants. The name of the city is a derivative from the surname Prienas. Pociūnai Airport is associated with the city.
J. D. Woods
James Dominick Woods (1826 – 7 July 1905), generally referred to as J. D. Woods or J. D. Woods sen., was a South Australian journalist and author of the first official history of South Australia and a history of the colony's first Royal Visit (Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh in 1867). He served as returning officer for two electorates. Five sons were Australian rules footballers.

The Advertiser (Adelaide)
The Advertiser is a daily tabloid format newspaper based in the city of Adelaide, South Australia. First published as a broadsheet named The South Australian Advertiser on 12 July 1858, it is currently a tabloid printed from Monday to Saturday. The Advertiser came under the ownership of Keith Murdoch in the 1950s, and the full ownership of Rupert Murdoch in 1987. It is a publication of Advertiser Newspapers Pty Ltd (ADV), a subsidiary of News Corp Australia, itself a subsidiary of News Corp. Through much of the 20th century, The Advertiser was Adelaide's morning broadsheet, The News the afternoon tabloid, with The Sunday Mail covering weekend sport, and Messenger Newspapers community news. The head office was relocated from a former premises in King William Street, to a new News Corp office complex, known as Keith Murdoch House at 31 Waymouth Street.
LITE-1
LITE-1 is a novel photoreceptor found in Caenorhabditis elegans. It exhibits blue light photoreceptor activity. Is involved in several processes, including negative phototaxis, phototransduction, and response to UV light. Many organisms have photosensitive proteins, yet only two types of photoreceptors, opsins and cryptochromes, have been discovered in metazoans until LITE-1. This photoreceptor is much more efficient at absorbing both ultraviolet light, 10 to 100 times greater than the two other types found in the animal kingdom.

Opsin
Animal opsins are G-protein-coupled receptors and a group of proteins made light-sensitive via a chromophore, typically retinal. When bound to retinal, opsins become retinylidene proteins, but are usually still called opsins regardless. Most prominently, they are found in photoreceptor cells of the retina. Five classical groups of opsins are involved in vision, mediating the conversion of a photon of light into an electrochemical signal, the first step in the visual transduction cascade. Another opsin found in the mammalian retina, melanopsin, is involved in circadian rhythms and pupillary reflex but not in vision. Humans have in total nine opsins. Beside vision and light perception, opsins may also sense temperature, sound, or chemicals.
2023 Jaipur Express killings
On 31 July 2023, around 5 AM local time (23:30 GMT) on the 
Mumbai Central–Jaipur Superfast Express train during its journey from Jaipur to Mumbai a Railway Protection Force (RPF) constable named Chetan Singh (aged 33) discharged a firearm resulting in four people losing their lives, including an Assistant Sub-Inspector (ASI). The incident took place near Palghar, a town in the western state of Maharashtra, approximately two hours away from Mumbai by train.

Railway Protection Force
The Railway Protection Force (RPF) is a security force in India under the Ministry of Railways, Government of India. The force was established by the RPF Act, 1957, enacted by the Indian Parliament for "the better protection and security of railway property and passenger area". It has the power to search, arrest, enquire, and prosecute offenses committed under the Railway Property (Unlawful Possession) Act 1966 and the Railways Act, 1989 (amended from time to time). RPF has also been entrusted with the responsibility of security of railway passenger area and railway passengers since 2004. However the power of arrests under other penal laws rests in the hands of the Government Railway Police (GRP) of each state.

Currently, Sonali Mishra (IPS) is Director General of Railway Protection Force.
Sankhya (journal)
Sankhyā: The Indian Journal of Statistics is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal on statistics published by the Indian Statistical Institute (ISI).

It was established in 1933 by Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis, founding director of ISI, along the lines of Karl Pearson's Biometrika. Mahalanobis was the founding editor-in-chief.

Each volume of Sankhya consists of four issues, two of them are in Series A, containing articles on theoretical statistics, probability theory, and stochastic processes, whereas the other two issues form Series B, containing articles on applied statistics, i.e. applied probability, applied stochastic processes, econometrics, and statistical computing.

Sankhya is considered as "core journal" of statistics by the Current Index to Statistics.

Current Index to Statistics
The Current Index to Statistics was an online database published by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics and the American Statistical Association that contained bibliographic data of articles in statistics, probability, and related fields. It was shut down at the end of 2019.
Museum of Gloucester
The Museum of Gloucester in Brunswick Road is the main museum in the city of Gloucester, England. It was extensively renovated following a large National Heritage Lottery Fund grant, and reopened on Gloucester Day, 3 September 2011.

In March 2016, the museum rebranded itself; it used to be called the Gloucester City Museum & Art Gallery.

Gloucester Life is a smaller museum in Westgate Street, dealing with the social history of Gloucestershire.

Westgate, Gloucester
The Westgate area of Gloucester is centred on Westgate Street, one of the four main streets of Gloucester and one of the oldest parts of the city. The population of the Westgate ward in Gloucester was 6,687 at the time of the 2011 Census.
English cricket team in Australia in 2021–22
The England cricket team toured Australia in December 2021 and January 2022 to play five Tests, which formed The Ashes. In May 2021, Cricket Australia confirmed the fixtures for the tour. The Test series was also part of the 2021–2023 ICC World Test Championship. The England Lions also toured Australia during November and December 2021, before the majority of the team flew home before the second Test match.

Australia successfully retained the Ashes by winning the first three Test matches. The fourth Test ended in a draw, with Australia winning the fifth Test by 146 runs to win the series 4–0.

Cricket Australia
Cricket Australia  (CA) is a company which operates some professional and amateur cricket competitions and teams in Australia. It had its origins in the 'Australian Board of Control for International Cricket', formed in 1905. The company was incorporated in 1982, with members' liability limited by guarantee.

It operates its men's Australia national cricket team, Australia women's national cricket team and Australia national under-19 cricket team, Australia A cricket team, along with other national-level teams (such as Indigenous, disability or over-age teams) in conjunction with the relevant organisations. It also organises and hosts Test matches, one day internationals and T20 internationals in association with other national cricket organisations, and schedules home international fixtures.

It deals with the Australian Cricketers' Association regarding player's rights, pay and work agreements and welfare requirements.
Emarhendia
Emarhendia is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Gesneriaceae. It only contains one species,Emarhendia bettiana (M.R.Hend.) Kiew, A.Weber & B.L.Burtt.

It is a subshrub endemic to Pahang in Peninsula Malaysia.

The genus name of Emarhendia is in honour of M. R. Henderson (1899–1982), a Scottish botanist, and it was published and described in Beitr. Biol. Pflanzen Vol.70 on page 398 in (1997-1998, publ. 1998). The species has one known synonym, Paraboea bettiana M.R.Hend..

Synonym
A synonym is a word, morpheme, or phrase that has a similar or identical meaning to another word, morpheme, or phrase in a given language. For example, in English, words like begin, start, commence, and initiate are synonyms: they are synonymous. The standard test for synonymy is substitution: one form can be used interchangeably without changing the meaning of the sentence.

Words may be synonymous in only one particular sense: for example, long and extended in the context of long time or extended time are synonymous, but long cannot be used in the phrase extended family.

Synonyms with identical meanings share a seme or denotational sememe, whereas those with inexactly similar meanings share a broader denotational or connotational sememe and overlap within a semantic field. The former are sometimes known as cognitive synonyms, and the latter are referred to as near-synonyms, plesionyms, or poecilonyms.
Tecate, California
Tecate is an unincorporated community in the Mountain Empire area of central southeastern San Diego County, California. It is adjacent to (directly north of) the Mexico–United States border and the Mexican city of Tecate in Baja California; it is affectionately nicknamed Tecatito (or "Little Tecate") on account of its smaller size compared with the Mexican city. The community is best-known for the Tecate Port of Entry and nearby Tecate Peak. This area of San Diego County is somewhat desolate and rugged, located roughly an hour’s drive from downtown San Diego.

Downtown San Diego
Downtown San Diego is the central business district of San Diego, California, the eighth largest city in the United States. It houses the major local headquarters of the city, county, state, and federal governments. The area comprises seven neighborhoods: Gaslamp Quarter, East Village, Columbia, Marina, Cortez Hill, Little Italy, and Core.

The downtown area is home of the San Diego Convention Center, the city's primary convention center. It is also home of the San Diego Symphony and the San Diego Opera, as well as several performing arts venues, such as Jacobs Music Center, the Rady Shell at Jacobs Park, and the San Diego Civic Theatre.

Downtown San Diego is located on San Diego Bay, which houses the USS Midway Museum and the Maritime Museum of San Diego. Balboa Park is a historic urban cultural park that borders the area. San Diego International Airport is located three miles (4.8 km; 2.6 nmi) northwest of downtown.
Myyrmäki
Myyrmäki (Finnish: [ˈmyːrˌmæki]; Swedish: Myrbacka; lit. 'Bog Hill') is a district and major region of the municipality of Vantaa, Finland. The district has an area of 2.7 square kilometres (1.0 sq mi) and a population of about 17,000, making it the most populous district in Vantaa. It is home to Myyrmanni, a large shopping complex.

The Myyrmäki major region consists of 11 districts with a total population of 52,267 (as of 1.1.2014), making it the most populous major region in Vantaa. The safety situation in Myyrmäki has deteriorated over the years and it is currently classified as the most dangerous district of Vantaa.

The area is served by the Myyrmäki and Louhela stations on the I and P lines of the Helsinki commuter rail network. Just to the south-east is Malminkartanonhuippu, an artificial hill which is the highest point in Helsinki.

Myyrmäki railway station
Myyrmäki (Finnish) or Myrbacka (Swedish) is a Helsinki commuter rail and bus station located in Vantaa, Finland. It is approximately 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) north of Helsinki Central railway station.

The station is served by circular lines I and P, and is between the stations of Malminkartano and Louhela.

The station has two platforms, one for southbound and one for northbound trains. There is also a waiting room although ticket sales from the station have recently been discontinued. At the moment the nearest place for purchasing long distance tickets would be Pasila. The Myyrmanni shopping centre is situated nearby.
Ingeborg Appel
Ingeborg Appel née Schrøder (26 June 1869, Askov—5 November 1948, Brørup) was a Danish educator who was active at Askov Folk High School. As a teenager, she became interested in teaching gymnastics which she later studied at the Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences in Stockholm. She introduced the subject at Askov where she also gave courses in health and nursing. In 1891, she married the school's principal Jacob Appel with whom she shared responsibility for the school, running the establishment herself during the lengthy periods when he was tied up as a government minister. In addition to her teaching skills, Appel proved to be an excellent administrator and an inspiring speaker.

Brørup
Brørup is a railway town, with a population of 4,557 (1 January 2025), in Vejen Municipality, Region of Southern Denmark, Denmark. It is located 10 km west of Vejen, 26 km northeast of Ribe, 33 km west of Kolding, 40 km south of Grindsted and 43 km east of Esbjerg.

Until 1 January 2007 Brørup was the seat of the former Brørup Municipality (Danish, kommune) in Ribe County.
Ralph Merrill Caldwell
Ralph Merrill Caldwell (June 27, 1903, Brookings, South Dakota – November 2, 1976, College Station, Texas) was an American plant breeder, mycologist, and plant pathologist.  Through his work with the  U.S. Department of Agriculture and Purdue University, he developed disease-resistant cultivars for a wide variety of plants, including widely-grown wheat cultivars.

Caldwell was a member of the American Phytopathological Society, where he served as President of the North Central Division and Treasurer. He was a fellow of the American Phytopathological Society, the American Society of Agronomy, the Crop Science Society of America, and the American Association for the Advancement of Science. His papers are held by the University of Purdue.

American Society of Agronomy
The American Society of Agronomy (ASA) is a scientific and professional society of agronomists and scientists of related disciplines, principally in the United States but with many non-U.S. members as well.
Parable of the Lost Coin
The Parable of the Lost Coin is one of the parables of Jesus.  It appears in Luke 15:8–10. In it, a woman searches for a lost coin, finds it, and rejoices.  It is a member of a trilogy on redemption that Jesus tells after the Pharisees and religious leaders accuse Him of welcoming and eating with "sinners."  The other two are the Parable of the Lost Sheep, and the Parable of the Lost Son or Prodigal Son.

Redemption (theology)
Redemption is an essential concept in many religions, including Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. The term implies that something has been paid for or bought back, like a slave who has been set free through the payment of a ransom.
Arelle Middleton
Arelle Middleton (born February 9, 2008) is an American para track and field athlete who competes in shot put and discus throw. She is a World Champion and Paralympic Games silver medalist in shot put. She also plays wheelchair basketball.

Para-athletics
Para-athletics is the sport of athletics practiced by people with a disability as a parasport. The athletics events within the parasport are mostly the same as those available to able-bodied people, with two major exceptions in wheelchair racing and the club throw, which are specific to the division. Certain able-bodied events are rarely contested as para-athletic events outside deaf sport; pole vault, triple jump, hammer (of which the club throw is sometimes considered the para-athletic equivalent) and the three hurdling events. The sport is known by various names, including disability athletics, disabled track and field and Paralympic athletics. Top-level competitors may be called elite athletes with disability.
Maharana Pratap Sagar
Maharana Pratap Sagar, also known as Pong Reservoir or Pong Dam Lake, is a large reservoir in Fatehpur, Jawali and Dehra tehsil of Kangra district of the state of Himachal Pradesh in India. It was created in 1975, by building the highest earthfill dam in India on the Beas River in the wetland zone of the Siwalik Hills. Named in the honour of Maharana Pratap (1540–1597), the reservoir or the lake is a well-known wildlife sanctuary and one of the 49 international wetland sites declared in India by the Ramsar Convention.
The reservoir covers an area of 24,529 hectares (60,610 acres), and the wetlands portion is 15,662 hectares (38,700 acres).

The Pong Reservoir and Gobindsagar Reservoir are the two most important fishing reservoirs in the Himalayan foothills of Himachal Pradesh. These reservoirs are the leading sources of fish within the Himalayan states. Several towns and villages were submerged in the reservoir and many families were displaced as a result.

Maharana Pratap
Pratap Singh I (18 May 1540 – 19 January 1597), popularly known as Maharana Pratap (IPA: [məɦaːˈɾaːɳaː pɾəˈtaːp] ⓘ), was king of the Kingdom of Mewar, in north-western India in the present-day state of Rajasthan, from 1572 until his death in 1597. He is notable for leading the Rajput resistance against the expansionist policy of the Mughal Emperor Akbar including the battle of Haldighati.
Robert Anthony Robinson
Robert Anthony Robinson OBE (1904–1979) was a New Zealand inorganic chemist, best known for his book Electrolyte solutions, which has been a standard for decades. In 1949 he won the Hector Medal from the Royal Society of New Zealand.

Royal Society of New Zealand
The Royal Society of New Zealand, branded as the Royal Society Te Apārangi, is a not-for-profit body in New Zealand providing funding and policy advice in the fields of sciences and the humanities. These fundings (i.e., Marsden grants and research fellowships) are provided on behalf of the New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment.
John Hales (died 1639)
Sir John Hales (1603–1639) was an English courtier and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1628 to 1629.

Hales was the son of Charles Hales of Newland of Coventry, Warwickshire. He was a student of Gray's Inn in 1600 and matriculated at University College, Oxford, on 13 February 1601, aged 16. He was knighted on 17 July 1617 and was a gentleman pensioner to King James. In 1628, he was elected as a Member of Parliament for Queenborough and sat until 1629, when King Charles decided to rule without parliament for eleven years.

Hales died at the age of about 36. He was of Tunstall, Kent.

Personal Rule
The Personal Rule (also known as the Eleven Years' Tyranny) was a period in the history of England from the dissolution of the third Parliament of Charles I in 1629 to the summoning of the Short Parliament in 1640, during which the King declined to call the next parliament and ruled as an autocratic absolute monarch without recourse to Parliament. Charles claimed that he was entitled to do this under the royal prerogative and divine right of kings.

Charles had called three Parliaments by the third year of his reign in 1628. After the murder of George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham, who was deemed to have a negative influence on Charles' foreign policy, Parliament began to criticize the king more harshly than before. Charles then realised that, as long as he could avoid war, he could rule without the need of Parliament.

The Personal Rule came to an end in 1640 when Charles called a parliament to obtain funds for an ongoing War with Scotland.
External cephalic version
External cephalic version (ECV) is a process by which a breech baby can sometimes be turned from buttocks or foot first to head first. It is a manual procedure that is recommended by national guidelines for breech presentation of a pregnancy with a single baby, in order to enable vaginal delivery. It is usually performed late in pregnancy, that is, after 36 gestational weeks, preferably 37 weeks, and can even be performed in the early stages of childbirth.

ECV is endorsed by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) and Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG) as a mode to avoid the risks associated with a vaginal breech or cesarean delivery for singleton breech presentation.

ECV can be contrasted with "internal cephalic version", which involves a hand inserted through the cervix.

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists  (ACOG) is a professional association of physicians specializing in obstetrics and gynecology in the United States. Several Latin American countries are also represented within Districts of the organization. It is a 501(c)(6) organization with a membership of more than 60,000 obstetrician-gynecologists and women's health care professionals. It was founded in 1951.
Jeannot Castonguay
Jeannot Castonguay (born 1 September 1944) was a Liberal member of the House of Commons of Canada from 2000 to 2004. He won the Madawaska—Restigouche electoral district in New Brunswick to become a member of the 37th Canadian Parliament. Born in Saint-Quentin, New Brunswick, Castonguay, is a career physician.

Castonguay left political life in 2004 as he did not seek re-election. Jean-Claude D'Amours won the Madawaska-Restigouche riding for the Liberal party that year.

Madawaska—Restigouche
Madawaska—Restigouche is a federal electoral district in New Brunswick, Canada, which has been represented in the House of Commons since 1997. Its population in 2021 was 60,184.

Since 2025 its member of Parliament (MP) has been Guillaume Deschênes-Thériault of the Liberal Party.