hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2018–19 North Dakota State Bison men's basketball team
The 2018–19 North Dakota State Bison men's basketball team represented North Dakota State University in the 2018–19 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Bison, led by fifth-year head coach David Richman, played their home games at the Scheels Center in Fargo, North Dakota as members of the Summit League. They finished the season 19–16, 9–7 in Summit League play, to finish in a tie for third place. As the No. 4 seed in the Summit League tournament, they defeated Oral Roberts, Western Illinois and Omaha to win the tournament championship. As a result, they received the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA tournament as the No. 16 seed in the East region. There the Bison lost to overall No. 1 seed Duke.

2018–19 Duke Blue Devils men's basketball team
The 2018–19 Duke Blue Devils men's basketball team represented Duke University during the 2018–19 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. They were coached by 39th-year head coach, Mike Krzyzewski. The Blue Devils played their home games at Cameron Indoor Stadium in Durham, North Carolina as a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference. Led by tournament MVP Zion Williamson, they won Duke's 21st ACC tournament title. They received the ACC's automatic bid to the NCAA tournament and reached the Elite Eight, where they lost 68–67 to Michigan State.  Duke finished #1 in the nation in the final RPI rankings.
Frédéric Swarts
Frédéric Jean Edmond Swarts (2 September 1866 – 6 September 1940) was a Belgian chemist who prepared the first chlorofluorocarbon, CF2Cl2 (Freon-12) as well as several other related compounds. He was a professor of civil engineering at the University of Ghent. In addition to his work on organofluorine chemistry, he authored the textbook "Cours de Chimie Organique." He was the son of Theodore Swarts (chemist, *1839 Antwerpen; †1911 Kortenberg, Belgium) and a colleague of Leo Baekeland. He is also known for developing Swarts Reaction which is used to form alkyl fluorides from alkyl halides with the help of fluorine metal salts.

Dichlorodifluoromethane
Dichlorodifluoromethane (R-12) is a colorless gas popularly known by the genericized brand name Freon (as Freon-12). It is a chlorofluorocarbon halomethane (CFC) used as a refrigerant and aerosol spray propellant. In compliance with the Montreal Protocol, its manufacture was banned in developed countries (non-article 5 countries) in 1996, and in developing countries (Article 5 countries) in 2010 out of concerns about its damaging effect on the ozone layer. Its only allowed usage is as a  fire retardant in submarines and aircraft. It is soluble in many organic solvents. R-12 cylinders are colored white.

R-12 has the highest potential for ozone destruction of all refrigeration gases.
Threadgold
Threadgold is an occupational surname of English origin. Notable people with the surname include:

Harry Threadgold (1924–1996), English footballer

Mark Threadgold (born 1977), Australian painter

William Threadgold (1885–1946), Australian politician

Stuart Threadgold (born 1971), Australian architect

Harry Threadgold
Joseph Henry Threadgold (1924-1996) was a footballer who played as a goalkeeper in the Football League initially for Chester.

He also played for Sunderland and spent 10 years at Southend United from July 1953 until 1963. He retired in May 1963.

He was born on 6 November 1924 in Tattenhall, Cheshire and died in 1996, his ashes were scattered at Roots Hall, Southend United's ground.
Allylescaline
Allylescaline (AL), or allylmescaline, also known as 4-allyloxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine, is a psychedelic drug of the phenethylamine and scaline families related to mescaline. It is taken orally.

The drug acts as an agonist of the serotonin 5-HT2 receptors, including the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor. It is closely related to other scalines including mescaline, escaline, and proscaline, among others.

Allylescaline was first described in the scientific literature by Otakar Leminger in 1972. Subsequently, it was further described by Alexander Shulgin in his 1991 book PiHKAL (Phenethylamines I Have Known and Loved). It was encountered as a novel designer drug in 2013.

Oral administration
Oral administration is a route of administration whereby a substance is taken through the mouth, swallowed, and then processed via the digestive system. This is a common route of administration for many medications.

Oral administration can be easier and less painful than other routes of administration, such as injection.  However, the onset of action is relatively low, and the effectiveness is reduced if it is not absorbed properly in the digestive system, or if it is broken down by digestive enzymes before it can reach the bloodstream. Some medications may cause gastrointestinal side effects, such as nausea or vomiting, when taken orally. Oral administration can also only be applied to conscious patients, and patients able to swallow.
American Experience season 28
Season twenty-eight of the television program American Experience aired on the PBS network in the United States on January 19, 2016 and concluded on November 1, 2016. The season contained eight new episodes and began with the film Bonnie & Clyde.

2016 in American television
In American television in 2016, notable events included television show debuts, finales, and cancellations; channel launches, closures, and rebrandings; stations changing or adding their network affiliations; and information about controversies and carriage disputes.
Elbert Gill
Elbert T. Gill, Jr. (August 23, 1931 – March 29, 2014) was an American chiropractor and politician.

From Memphis, Tennessee, Gill went to the William R. Moore School of Technology and the Palmer College of Chiropractic. He was a chiropractor. He served in the Tennessee House of Representatives from 1966 to 1986 as a Democrat. In 1987, Gill was appointed Tennessee Commissioner of Conservation and served until 1991.

Tennessee House of Representatives
The Tennessee House of Representatives is the lower house of the Tennessee General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Tennessee. The House convenes, along with the Senate, at the Tennessee State Capitol in Nashville.
Antonio Perry
Antonio Perry (January 5, 1871 – July 13, 1944) was a justice of the Supreme Court of Hawaii from July 5, 1900, to June 15, 1904, again from May 6, 1909, to April 2, 1914, and a third time from April 17, 1922, to July 3, 1934, serving as chief justice from February 26, 1926, to July 3, 1934.

Supreme Court of Hawaii
The Supreme Court of Hawaii is the highest court of the State of Hawaii in the United States. Its decisions are binding on all other courts of the Hawaii State Judiciary. The principal purpose of the Supreme Court is to review the decisions of the trial courts in which appeals have been granted. Appeals are decided by the members of the Supreme Court based on written records and in some cases may grant oral arguments in the main Supreme Court chamber. Like its mainland United States counterparts, the Supreme Court does not take evidence and uses only evidence provided in previous trials.

The Supreme Court of Hawaii meets in Aliʻiōlani Hale in Honolulu.
Andrew Brook
Andrew Brook (born 17 March 1943) is a Canadian philosopher, author and academic particularly known for his writings on Immanuel Kant and the interplay between philosophy and cognitive science. Brook is Chancellor's Professor Emeritus of Philosophy and Cognitive Science at Carleton University, former President of the Canadian Psychoanalytic Society, and former President of the Canadian Philosophical Association.

Cognitive science
Cognitive science is the interdisciplinary, scientific study of the mind and its processes. It examines the nature, the tasks, and the functions of cognition (in a broad sense). Mental faculties of concern to cognitive scientists include perception, memory, attention, reasoning, language, and emotion. To understand these faculties, cognitive scientists borrow from fields such as psychology, philosophy, artificial intelligence, neuroscience, linguistics, and anthropology. The typical analysis of cognitive science spans many levels of organization, from learning and decision-making to logic and planning; from neural circuitry to modular brain organization. One of the fundamental concepts of cognitive science is that "thinking can best be understood in terms of representational structures in the mind and computational procedures that operate on those structures."
Srinagarind Hospital
Srinagarind Hospital (Thai: โรงพยาบาลศรีนครินทร์) is a university teaching hospital, affiliated to the Faculty of Medicine of Khon Kaen University, located in Mueang Khon Kaen District, Khon Kaen Province. It is a hospital capable of super tertiary care.

Khon Kaen province
Khon Kaen (Thai: ขอนแก่น, pronounced [kʰɔ̌ːn kɛ̀n]; Northeastern Thai: ขอนแก่น, pronounced [kʰɔ̌ːn kɛ́n]) is one of Thailand's 76 provinces (changwat). It is a triply-landlocked province in central northeastern Thailand. Neighboring provinces are (from north, clockwise) Nong Bua Lamphu, Udon Thani, Kalasin, Maha Sarakham, Buriram, Nakhon Ratchasima, Chaiyaphum, Phetchabun, and Loei.
Ørsta IL
Ørsta Idrettslag is a sports club based in Ørsta, Møre og Romsdal, Norway. It has sections for alpine skiing, association football, track and field, team handball, and cross-country skiing.

As of the 2019 season, the men's football team was playing in 4. divisjon, the fifth-tier in the Norwegian football league system. It last played in the fourth-tier 3. divisjon in the 2007 season, and in the third-tier 2. divisjon in the 2000 season.

2007 Norwegian Third Division
The 2007 season of the 3. divisjon, the fourth highest association football league for men in Norway.

Between 18 and 26 games (depending on group size) were played in 24 groups, with 3 points given for wins and 1 for draws. Twelve teams were promoted to the 2. divisjon through playoff.
Ateliosis
Ateliosis or ateleiosis is a diagnosis used in the early 1900s to describe patients with short stature. Ateliosis literally means "failure to achieve perfection", and was used to describe proportional dwarfism. The term was popularised by Hastings Gilford, who used the term to refer to forms of dwarfism associated with and without sexual maturation.

Ateliosis was reported as early as 1904 in relation to progeria, a syndrome of premature aging.

According to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary, it is "dwarfism associated with anterior pituitary deficiencies and marked by essentially normal intelligence and proportions though often retarded sexual development". The physical characteristics include: normal facial features, childlike high pitched voice, proportioned body, and abnormal genitalia. Their mental development is normal to slightly delayed. Hastings Gilford originated the term to describe patients with "continuous youth".

Intelligence
Intelligence (/ˌɪntɛlɪˈdʒəns/) has been defined in many ways: the capacity for abstraction, logic, understanding, self-awareness, learning, emotional knowledge, reasoning, planning, creativity, critical thinking, and problem-solving. It can be described as the ability to perceive or infer information and to retain it as knowledge to be applied to adaptive behaviors within an environment or context.

The term rose to prominence during the early 1900s. Most psychologists believe that intelligence can be divided into various domains or competencies.

Intelligence has been long-studied in humans, and across numerous disciplines. It has also been observed in the cognition of non-human animals. Some researchers have suggested that plants exhibit forms of intelligence, though this remains controversial.
Filip Ugran
Filip-Ioan Ugran (born 12 September 2002) is a Romanian race car driver who is competing in the International GT Open with Oregon Team. He previously competed in the 2024 European Le Mans Series with United Autosports and in the 2023 FIA World Endurance Championship with Prema Racing.

Ugran has raced in the FIA Formula 3 Championship, and is a race winner in the Italian and Spanish Formula 4 championships.

FIA Formula 3 Championship
The FIA Formula 3 Championship (FIA F3) is a third-tier international single-seater racing championship organised by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA). The championship launched in 2019 as a feeder series for the FIA Formula 1 World Championship and FIA Formula 2 Championships. It was the result of a merger between two third-tier single-seater racing championships, the GP3 Series and the FIA Formula 3 European Championship. This championship is part of the FIA Global Pathway consolidation project plan. Unlike its co-predecessor, the Formula 3 European Championship, the series runs exclusively in support of Formula One races.
Philip Pavia
Philip Pavia (1911-2005) was a culturally influential American artist of Italian descent, known for his scatter sculpture and figurative abstractions, and the debate he fostered among many of the 20th century's most important art thinkers. A founder of the New York School of Abstract Expressionism, he "did much to shift the epicenter of Modernism from Paris to New York," both as founding organizer of The Club and as founder, editor and publisher of the short-lived but influential art journal It Is: A Magazine for Abstract Art. Reference to the magazine appears in the archives of more than two dozen celebrated art figures, including Picasso, Peggy Guggenheim, and art critic Clement Greenberg. The Club is credited with inspiring art critic Harold Rosenberg’s influential essay “The American Action Painters" and the historic 9th Street Show.

New York School (art)
The New York School was an informal group of American poets, painters, dancers, and musicians active in the 1950s and 1960s in New York City. They often drew inspiration from surrealism and the contemporary avant-garde art movements, in particular action painting, abstract expressionism, jazz, improvisational theater, experimental music, and the interaction of friends in the New York City art world's vanguard circle.
Yakınca
Yakınca (formerly Kileyik) is a neighbourhood of the municipality and district of Yeşilyurt, Malatya Province, Turkey. Its population is 23,063 (2022). Before the 2013 reorganisation, it was a town (belde).

It is situated between Malatya and Yeşilyurt on the Turkish state highway D.850. It is almost merged to Yeşilyurt and only 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) from Malatya. According to the mayor's page, the town was founded by a Turkmen tribe during the Dulkadir Beylik era (ca. 15th century). In 1964, it was declared a seat of township. The traditional town economy depended on handworks, especially straw mat and basket production, but later, apricot, hickory nut, and mulberry cultivation superseded the traditional handworks.

2013 Turkish local government reorganisation
Municipalities (Turkish: belediyeler)  are the basic units of local government in Turkey.  According to the Turkish Statistical Institute the population of Turkey was 76,667,864 as of 31 December 2013. The majority of the population live in settlements with municipalities.  The number of municipalities in Turkey was 2,947 in 2009.  But in 2013, most of the small town (Turkish: belde) municipalities were merged to district (Turkish: ilçe) municipalities by the Act 6360 which came into effect at the 2014 local elections sharply decreased the number of municipalities to 1,394.
YSR
YSR can refer to:

Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy (1949–2009), former chief minister of Andhra Pradesh, India
YSR Congress Party, a political party in Andhra Pradesh, India, led by Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy, son of Rajasekhara
Kadapa district  (also referred to as YSR Kadapa District after the chief minister), a district in Andhra Pradesh, India
YSR Indoor Stadium, an indoor sporting arena located in Yanam, Puducherry, India; named after the chief minister
Yatra (2019 film), also YSR: Yatra, an Indian film about the chief minister

Yamaha YSR50, a miniature motorcycle made by Yamaha

Yuvan Shankar Raja (born 1979), music director

Ystrad Rhondda railway station (National Rail code) in South Wales

Nanisivik Airport (IATA code) in the Canadian territory of Nunavut

AP State Archaeology Museum

the callsign used by Canal 2 in El Salvador, which was formerly branded as that

A US Navy hull classification symbol: Sludge removal barge (YSR)

YSR Congress Party
The Yuvajana Sramika Rythu Congress Party (lit. 'Youth, Labour, and Farmer Congress Party', YSRCP or YCP), often shortened to simply the YSR Congress Party, is an Indian regional political party based in the state of Andhra Pradesh. The party was initially registered with Election Commission of India by Kolishetti Shiva Kumar. Thereafter, the party was taken over by its current president, Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy, having served as the state's chief minister from 2019-2024. It currently has 4 seats in the Lok Sabha.
Carsten Maple
Carsten Maple (born October 1971) is professor of cyber systems engineering at the University of Warwick. He was previously professor of applicable computing at the University of Bedfordshire. He is a fellow of the British Computer Society and vice-chair of the Council of Professors and Heads of Computing, UK. He is also co-director of the National Centre for Cyberstalking Research and a trustee of Protection Against Stalking.

British Computer Society
The British Computer Society (BCS), branded BCS, The Chartered Institute for IT, since 2009, is a professional body and a learned society that represents those working in information technology (IT), computing, software engineering, computer engineering and computer science, both in the United Kingdom and internationally. Founded in October 14, 1957, BCS has played an important role in educating and nurturing IT professionals, computer scientists, software engineers, computer engineers, upholding the profession, accrediting Chartered IT Professional (CITP) and Chartered Engineer (CEng) status, and creating a global community active in promoting and furthering the field and practice of computing.
David Neiman
David Neiman (1921 – February 22, 2004) was a renowned scholar in the fields of Biblical Studies, Jewish history, and the long and often complicated relationship between the Catholic Church and the Jews.

Biblical studies
Biblical studies is the academic application of a set of diverse disciplines to the study of the Bible, with Bible referring to the books of the canonical Hebrew Bible in mainstream Jewish usage and the Christian Bible including the canonical Old Testament and New Testament, respectively. For its theory and methods, the field draws on disciplines ranging from ancient history, historical criticism, philology, theology, textual criticism, literary criticism, historical backgrounds, mythology, and comparative religion.
Andreas Martinsen (athlete)
Andreas Martinsen (born 17 July 1990) is a Danish athlete specialising in the sprint hurdles. He represented his country at the 2016 World Indoor Championships reaching the semifinals.

His personal bests are 13.50 seconds in the 110 metres hurdles (+1.0 m/s, Copenhagen Athletics Games) and 7.68 seconds in the 60 metres hurdles (Belgrade, 2017) - both national records.

60 metres hurdles
60 metres hurdles is a distance in hurdling which is generally run in indoor competitions. It is equivalent with the first 5 hurdles of a standard outdoor hurdle race. The current women's and men's world records are 7.65 seconds (Devynne Charlton) and 7.27 seconds (Grant Holloway), respectively.
2008–09 Turkmen parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Turkmenistan on 14 December 2008, with a second round held in one constituency on 28 December 2008 and a revote in one constituency on 8 February 2009. The number of assembly members was increased from 65 to 125 (while the People's Council was abolished) in constitutional reforms enacted on 26 September 2008. It was the first election since Turkmenistan's independence in which, theoretically, parties other than the Democratic Party of Turkmenistan are allowed to take part since the constitution no longer defined Turkmenistan as a one-party state. However, no legal opposition parties had been set up and the fact that the election took place in single-seat constituencies greatly diminished the opposition's chance of gaining parliamentary representation.

People's Council of Turkmenistan
The People's Council of Turkmenistan (Turkmen: Halk Maslahaty, [xɑlq mɑθlɑxɑt̪ɯ]; "People's Council") is Turkmenistan's independent "representative body" exerting supreme constitutional authority. It includes in its membership, but is not considered part of, the legislature. Among other things, it is empowered to amend the constitution. Its chairman is appointed by the president and is designated the "National Leader". State media referred to the People's Council as the "supreme representative organ of people's power", a title similar to the "supreme organ of state power" of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR and of Soviet Turkmenistan. From 2021 to 2023 it was the upper chamber of Turkmenistan's Parliament, the "National Council" (Turkmen: Milli Geňeş).
2025 Ivanovo Antonov An-22 crash
On 9 December 2025, the last operational Antonov An-22 aircraft, operated by the Russian Air Force, crashed shortly after takeoff due to an in-flight breakup, killing all five crew members and two passengers. The aircraft was conducting a test flight prior to returning to service following heavy maintenance when the aircraft broke up midair and crashed into a lake (Uvod'skoye Vodokhranilishche) near Ivanovo, Russia at approximately 11:00 MSK.

Ivanovo
Ivanovo (Russian: Иваново, IPA: [ɪˈvanəvə] ⓘ) is a city in Russia and the administrative center and largest city of Ivanovo Oblast, located 254 kilometers (158 mi) northeast of Moscow and approximately 100 kilometers (62 mi) from Yaroslavl, Vladimir and Kostroma. Ivanovo has a population of 361,644 as of the 2021 Census, making it the 50th largest city in Russia. Until 1932, it was previously known as Ivanovo-Voznesensk. It is the youngest city of the Golden Ring of Russia.

The city lies on the Uvod River, in the centre of the eponymous oblast. Ivanovo gained city status in 1871, emerged as a major center for textile production, and began to be referred to as the "Russian Manchester". The city is served by Ivanovo Yuzhny Airport.
Ernie Yarborough
Ernie Yarborough (birth date unknown) is an American former professional stock car racing driver who competed in the NASCAR Goody's Dash Series from 1996 to 1999. He is the nephew of the late three-time NASCAR Cup Series champion Cale Yarborough.

ISCARS Dash Touring Series
The  ISCARS Dash Touring Series (previously known as the NASCAR Baby Grand National, Goody's Dash Series and IPOWER Dash Series among others) was a stock car racing series created by NASCAR in 1973, initially running solely at North Wilkesboro Speedway, that involved V6 powered stock cars raced over relatively short distances. In 1975 the series branched out to other tracks besides North Wilkesboro Speedway. After the end of the 2003 season, NASCAR transferred the Goody's Dash series to IPOWER (International Participants Of Winning Edge Racing). In 2004, they ran the IPOWER Dash Series. In January 2005, officials announced the cancellation of the 2005 Dash season due to problems with sponsorship. The International Sport Compact Auto Racing Series (ISCARS) purchased the series allowing the series to continue through 2005 and was operating until 2011.