hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ochurdyap Mangdaev
Prince Ochurdyap Mangdaev (Altay: Очурjап, Russian: Очурдяп-Николай Мангдаев) r. 1878–1897 was the Zaisan of the Second Chui Volost. He took an active part in problematic issues of land management, while preserving the territory of the original residence of the indigenous population. Under his rule, Kosh-Agach became the center of trade routes in the Altai Mountains.

Altai languages
Altai or Altay (Altay: Алтай тил, romanized: Altay til, IPA: [ɐɫtʰɐ́ɪ̯ tʰɪ̆l]) is a set of Turkic languages spoken officially in the Altai Republic, Russia. The standard vocabulary is based on the Southern Altai language, though it is also taught to and used by speakers of the Northern Altai language as well. Gorno–Altai refers to a subgroup of languages in the Altai Mountains. The languages were called Oyrot (ойрот) prior to 1948.

Altai is spoken primarily in the Altai Republic. A small community of speakers lives in the neighbouring Altai Krai as well.
AWAL
AWAL (an initialism of Artists Without a Label) is a global recording business that serves as an alternative to the traditional record label, offering deal structures that provide artists with the resources and expertise of a global label while allowing them to retain ownership and control of their music.

Since 2021, AWAL has been owned by Sony Music, following its acquisition from Kobalt Music Group for $430 million.

Glassnote Records
Glassnote Records (also known as Glassnote Entertainment Group LLC) is a record label that was launched by American music executive Daniel Glass in 2007. The label primarily has a lineup of indie rock and alternative rock artists, most notably Mumford & Sons and Phoenix. The label has also released music from popular artists in other genres, such as Silvana Estrada, Chvrches, Childish Gambino and Secondhand Serenade.
Staircase Falls
Staircase Falls is a series of waterfalls located on the southern side of Yosemite Valley in Yosemite National Park, California. The falls descend a total of 1,300 feet (400 m) into Yosemite Valley over a series of steps. Staircase Falls is relatively ephemeral and is usually dry by the end of June. The falls are located immediately behind Camp Curry on cliffs below Glacier Point.

Ephemerality
Ephemerality (from Ancient Greek  ἐφήμερος (ephēmeros) 'lasting only a day') is the concept of things being transitory, existing only briefly. Academically, the term ephemeral constitutionally describes a diverse assortment of things and experiences, from digital media to types of ponds and streams. "There is no single definition of ephemerality". With respect to unique performances, for example, it has been noted that "[e]phemerality is a quality caused by the ebb and flow of the crowd's concentration on the performance and a reflection of the nostalgic character of specific performances". Because different people may value the passage of time differently, ephemerality may be a relative, perceptual concept: "In brief, what is short-lived may not be the object itself, but the attention we afford it".
Kam-Hill
Camille Périer (1856–1935), known by his stage name Kam-Hill, was a French cabaret performer and singer in Paris. He was the son of a musician at the Opéra-Comique and brother of the famous opera and operetta singer Jean Périer.

He began to sing from the lyric repertoire around 1885 in salons, before making his real debut at the Gaîté Montparnasse in 1890 in his trademark bizarre costume resembling a rider, with red coat, black silk trousers, a top hat and white gloves; he even sang on horseback at the Nouveau Cirque in Paris. Yvette Guilbert and Kam-Hill appeared together regularly, often singing songs by Tarride. He also appeared at the Eldorado, the La Scala, the Ambassadeurs, and the Folies Bergère.

Guilbert and Kam-Hill dominated the café-concert in Paris in the last decade of the 19th century. He recorded several cylinders for Pathé between 1905 and 1907 (some of which have been re-issued on CD), before retiring in 1910.

Théâtre de la Gaîté-Montparnasse
The Théâtre de la Gaîté-Montparnasse (French pronunciation: [teɑtʁ də la ɡɛte mɔ̃paʁnas]) is a venue situated at 26, rue de la Gaîté, in the Montparnasse quarter of Paris, in the 14th arrondissement. It opened in 1868 and seats 399 people.

In addition to functioning as a popular café-concert venue for many decades, it evolved into a legitimate theatre, offering not only  commercial plays but also, by the end of the nineteenth century, occasional new experimentalist plays of the Independent Theatre movement. One such effort was Paul Fort's Théâtre d'Art disappointing presentation, on 5 February 1892, of a French translation of Marlowe's The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus.
Parma Violets
Parma Violets are a British violet-flavoured tablet confectionery manufactured by the Derbyshire company Swizzels Matlow, named after the Parma violet variety of the flower. The sweets are hard, biconcave discs, similar to the Fizzers product from the same company but without their fizziness. Swizzels Matlow have also released a line of Giant Parma Violets.

Ingredients include sugar, stearic acid, modified starch, glucose syrup, and anthocyanin.

Stearic acid
Stearic acid (/ˈstɪərɪk/ STEER-ik, /stiˈærɪk/ stee-ARR-ik) is a saturated fatty acid with an 18-carbon chain. The IUPAC name is octadecanoic acid. It is a soft waxy solid with the formula CH3(CH2)16COOH. The triglyceride derived from three molecules of stearic acid is called stearin. Stearic acid is a prevalent fatty acid in nature, found in many animal and vegetable fats, but is usually higher in animal fat than vegetable fat. It has a melting point of 69.4 °C (156.9 °F)  °C and a pKa of 4.50.

Its name comes from the Greek word στέαρ "stéar", which means tallow. The salts and esters of stearic acid are called stearates. As its glycerol ester, stearic acid is one of the most common saturated fatty acids found in nature and in the food supply, following palmitic acid. Dietary sources of stearic acid include meat, poultry, fish, eggs, dairy products, and foods prepared with fats; beef tallow, lard, butterfat, cocoa butter, and shea butter are rich fat sources of stearic acid.
Table tennis at the 2011 Pan American Games – Men's team
The men's team competition of the table tennis events at the 2011 Pan American Games was held between 15 and 17 October 2011 at the CODE Dome  in Guadalajara, Mexico. The defending Pan American Games champion was Brazil (Hugo Hoyama, Thiago Monteiro and Gustavo Tsuboi).

Thiago Monteiro (table tennis)
Thiago Farias Monte Monteiro (Brazilian Portuguese: [tʃiˈaɡu mõˈtejɾu]; born June 15, 1981, in Fortaleza, Ceará), is a Brazilian table tennis player. He has won several medals in single, double, and team events in the Pan American Games and currently plays for Angers Vaillante in France. He is referred to as the next Hugo Hoyama and is currently ranked #1 player in Brazil and #21 in France.
MS Kydon Palace
MS Kydon Palace is a Greek Ro-Pax high speed ferry, built in 2001 at the Sestri Ponente shipyards by Fincantieri as Festos Palace for Minoan Lines' overnight services between Piraeus and Crete. Initially she ran to Heraklion. In 2020 she was transferred to the Piraeus–Chania route and renamed Kydon Palace She is a sister ship of  Cruise Bonaria. She can reach speeds up to 30 knots (56 km/h; 35 mph). The ship's facilities include restaurants, bars and cabins.

Fincantieri
Fincantieri S.p.A. (Italian pronunciation: [fiŋkanˈtjɛːri]) is an Italian shipbuilding company based in Trieste, Italy. Already the largest shipbuilder in Europe, after the acquisition of Vard in 2013, Fincantieri group doubled in size to become the fourth largest in the world as of 2014. The company builds both commercial and military vessels.

The company is listed on the Borsa Italiana (Milan Stock Exchange) and is a component of FTSE Italia Mid Cap Index.
Galleri K
Galleri K, formerly known as Crome & Goldschmidt and later as Cityarkaden, is a shopping arcade situated on Strøget in central Copenhagen, Denmark. Completed in 1901, it  occupies an entire block between Østergade (No. 32-34), Antonigade 2-6), Pilestræde (No. 10-14) and Kristen Bernikows Gade (No. 1).

Pilestræde
Pilestræde (lit. English: Willow Alley) is a street in central Copenhagen, Denmark. It is a side street to the pedestrianized shopping street Strøget and commonly associated with the newspaper publishing house Berlingske Media, which has its headquarters in the street.
Georges Clairin
Georges Jules Victor Clairin (11 September 1843, Paris – Pouldu, Clohars-Carnoët 2 September 1919) was a French Orientalist painter and illustrator. He was influenced by Eastern imagery Moorish architecture, and visited North Africa many times, in particular Algeria, Morocco and Egypt. In Paris he led the life of a socialite, and befriended the glamorous actress Sarah Bernhardt, his friend for 50 years, and is today best known for his 'in costume' and informal intimate portraits of her.

Clohars-Carnoët
Clohars-Carnoët (French pronunciation: [klɔaʁ kaʁnwεt]; Breton: Kloar-Karnoed) is a commune in the Finistère department of Brittany in north-western France. The beach resort of Le Pouldu, with the beaches of Bellangenet and Kerrou, is located in the town.
Sedgley Park School, Wolverhampton
Sedgley Park School was a Roman Catholic Academy located on the northern outskirts of Sedgley, then part of Staffordshire. The school was founded by William Errington, at the request of Bishop Richard Challoner, on 25 March 1763.

Sedgley
Sedgley is a town in the north of the Dudley district, in the county of the West Midlands, England.

Historically part of Staffordshire, Sedgley is on the A459 road between Wolverhampton and Dudley, and was formerly the seat of an ancient manor comprising several smaller villages, including Gornal, Gospel End, Woodsetton, Ettingshall, Coseley, and Brierley (now Bradley). In 1894, the manor was split to create the Sedgley and Coseley urban districts, the bulk of which were later merged into the Dudley County Borough in 1966.

Most of Sedgley was absorbed into an expanded County Borough of Dudley in 1966, with some parts being incorporated into Seisdon and Wolverhampton. Since 1974 it has been part of the Metropolitan Borough of Dudley.
Thomas Deacon (politician)
Thomas Deacon, QC (November 7, 1832 – March 18, 1911) was an Ontario lawyer, judge, businessman and political figure. He represented Renfrew North in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1871 to 1879.

He was born in Perth in Upper Canada in 1832, the son of John Deacon, an Irish immigrant. He studied law with his brother John, was called to the bar in 1862 and went on to practise in Pembroke. Deacon married Caroline Rebecca Dunlop in 1864. He was named Queen's Counsel in 1876. He served as a member of the town council. Deacon was a director of the Kingston and Pembroke Railway and president of a lumber company. He was named judge in Renfrew County in 1895. Deacon was also county master for the Orange Order. He died in 1911 in Pembroke.

Deacon, a geographic township in Nipissing District, was named after him.

Township (Canada)
The term township, in Canada, is generally a district or area associated with a town or other locality. The specific use of the term to describe political subdivisions has varied across the country, usually to describe a local rural or semirural government.

In Eastern Canada, a township is one form of the subdivision of a county. In Quebec, the term is canton in French.
Women in 18th-century warfare
Women have contributed to military activities including as combatants.  The following list describes women known to have participated in military actions in the 18th century.
For women in warfare in the United States at this time, please see Timeline of women in war in the United States, pre-1945.

Fernig sisters
Félicité Fernig (1770–1841) and Théophile Fernig (1775–1819), known as the Sœurs Fernig (Fernig sisters), were two sisters who dressed as men and enlisted in the French Revolutionary Army during the French Revolutionary Wars. They were allowed to remain in service after their sex was discovered and became celebrities who were frequently mentioned in the contemporary French press.
Jarle Ofstad
Jarle Ofstad (1 April 1927 – 17 December 2014) was a Norwegian physician.

He was born in Ålesund. He became a chief physician at Haukeland University Hospital in 1965, docent at the University of Bergen in 1966 and professor of internal medicine at the University of Bergen from 1973, retiring in 2007. From 1977 to 1987 he was a chief physician at Haukeland University Hospital. From 1983 to 1992 he was the board chairman of the Chr. Michelsen Institute. He was decorated as a Knight, First Class of the Order of St. Olav.

Order of St. Olav
The Royal Norwegian Order of Saint Olav (Norwegian: Den Kongelige Norske Sankt Olavs Orden; or Sanct Olafs Orden, the old Norwegian name) is a Norwegian order of chivalry instituted by King Oscar I on 21 August 1847. It is named after King Olav II, known to posterity as St. Olav.

Just before the union with Sweden was dissolved in 1905, the Order of the Norwegian Lion was instituted in 1904 by King Oscar II, but no appointments were awarded by his successor, King Haakon VII. The Order of St. Olav thus became the kingdom's only order of chivalry for the next 80 years. The Grand Master of the order is the reigning monarch of Norway. It is used to reward individuals for remarkable accomplishments on behalf of the country and humanity. Since 1985, appointments to the order have only been conferred upon Norwegian citizens, though foreign heads of state and royalty may be appointed as a matter of courtesy.
Santa Ana–Orange Line
The Santa Ana–Orange Line is a former Pacific Electric interurban railway line in Orange County, California. Unlike most of the company's services, trains did not travel to Downtown Los Angeles and instead provided a suburban service between Santa Ana and Orange.

Steam dummy
A steam dummy or dummy engine, in the United States and Canada, was a steam locomotive enclosed in a wooden box structure made to resemble a passenger railroad car. Steam dummies had some popularity in the first decades of railroading in the U.S., from the 1830s but passed from favor after the American Civil War.
Kibinai
Kibinai, kybyn, or kibin (plural in Karaim: kybynlar / qıbınlar (Common Turkic Latin); singular in Lithuanian: kibinas) are traditional pastries filled with mutton and onion, popular with the Karaite ethnic minority in Lithuania. As everything Karaite in Lithuania, they are mostly associated with the city of Trakai. English-language travel guides compare them to Cornish pasties.

Initially, they come from Crimea from where the Grand Duke of Lithuania Vytautas the Great took Tatar and Karaite families to become their guards in order to thank them for their help during his fight against the Golden Horde.

These meat pies are also made by the Karaite minority of Melitopol in Ukraine, where they are known as et ayaklak (Ukrainian: ет аяклак). The tradition of cooking them was inscribed on the National Register of Elements of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Ukraine in 2018.

Vytautas the Great
Vytautas the Great (/vɪˈtaʊtəs/; c. 1350 – 27 October 1430) was a ruler of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, first as regent for his cousin Jogaila (1392–1401) and then as the Grand Duke alongside him (1401–1430). He was also the prince of Grodno (1370–1382) and the prince of Lutsk (1387–1389), as well claimant to the titles of King of the Hussites and King of Lithuania.

In modern Lithuania, Vytautas is revered as a national hero and was an important figure in the national rebirth in the 19th century. Vytautas is a popular male given name in Lithuania. In commemoration of the 500-year anniversary of his death, Vytautas Magnus University was named after him. Monuments in his honour were built in many towns in independent Lithuania during the interwar period from 1918 to 1939. Vytautas knew and spoke the Lithuanian language with his cousin Jogaila.
Roof of fourth ventricle
The roof of fourth ventricle is the dorsal surface of the fourth ventricle.

It corresponds to the ventral surface of the cerebellum.

The upper portion of the roof is formed by the cerebellum.
The roof of ventricle is diamond shaped and can be divided into superior and inferior parts.
The superior part or cranial part is formed by superior cerebellar peduncles and superior medullary velum. The inferior or caudal part is formed by ventricular ependyma and double fold of pia mater.

Superior medullary velum
The superior medullary velum (anterior medullary velum) is a thin, transparent lamina of white matter which - together with the inferior medullary velum - forms the roof of the fourth ventricle. It extends between the two superior cerebellar peduncles. The lingula of cerebellum covers - and adheres to - its dorsal surface.
1915 Prince Edward Island general election
The 1915 Prince Edward Island general election was held in the Canadian province of Prince Edward Island on September 16, 1915. The election was held in the midst of the First World War.

The election was won by the governing Conservatives, led by incumbent Premier John A. Mathieson, whose government lost a large number of seats as the opposition Liberals won back a number of districts lost in previous elections.

The Liberals in this election were able to climb up from one of their worst electoral defeats in 1912 to nearly topple the Mathieson government. However, it is unknown who the Liberal leader was during the election, if there was one at all. Previous Official Opposition Leader John Richards chose not to run in this election, while his successor John Howatt Bell was chosen as leader following the election. It is possible the Liberals did not have an official leader for this election.

Prince Edward Island Liberal Party
The Prince Edward Island Liberal Party, officially the Prince Edward Island Liberal Association, is a political party in the province of Prince Edward Island, Canada.  It is one of the three parties currently represented in the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island, and along with its primary rival the Progressive Conservative Party of PEI, one of only two parties with continual presence in the provincial legislature since confederation.

The PEI Liberals has formed the government of Prince Edward Island for 90 of the approximately 160 years since PEI became a province of Canada.
Sidney H. Chang
Sidney Hsu-Hsin Chang (simplified Chinese: 张绪心; traditional Chinese: 張緖心; pinyin: Zhāng Xùxīn; January 1, 1934 – October 3, 2016) was a Taiwanese-American historian, author, and academic specializing in the history of China, modern Far East, and East Asian civilizations. For nearly half a century he was a professor at California State University, Fresno. He was a visiting professor at National Chengchi University in Taipei, Taiwan. On behalf of the Republic of China on Taiwan, Chang served as an attaché at the Far East Trade Service Center in Frankfurt am Main, West Germany (1984-1985) and as a cultural attaché in Russia (1997-1999), while on sabbatical from teaching. He was a member of the Republican Presidential Task Force and the Republican National Committee.

University Press of America
University Press of America (UPA) is the former name of an American academic publishing company based in Lanham, Maryland, which became the parent company of Rowman & Littlefield publishing house, then was later re-introduced as the name of an imprint of "itself" after changing the name of the parent company.

Originally founded in 1975, as a standalone academic publisher, University Press of America purchased the Rowman & Littlefield publishing house in 1987. In 1998, University Press of America adopted the Rowman & Littlefield name as its own, while introducing the University Press of America name as an imprint of Rowman & Littlefield, specializing in the publication of scholarly works.

In 2024 Bloomsbury Publishing acquired Rowman & Littlefield. The transaction included the catalogue and the trademark of University Press of America, the domain name was redirected to the Bloomsbury Academic page of Rowman & Littlefield.
Greenmead Farms
Greenmead Historical Park, also known as Greenmead Farms, is a 3.2-acre (1.3 ha) historic park located at 38125 Base Line Rd., Livonia, Michigan.  It includes the 1841 Greek Revival Simmons House, six other structures contributing to the historic nature of the property, and additional buildings moved from other locations.  Greenmead Farms was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1971 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.

Livonia, Michigan
Livonia (/ləˈvoʊnjə/ lə-VOHN-yə) is a city in Wayne County in the U.S. state of Michigan. A western suburb of Detroit, Livonia is located roughly 20 miles (32.2 km) northwest of downtown Detroit. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 95,535. Originally organized as Livonia Township in 1835, it was incorporated as a city in 1950.
Botto
Botto is a surname. Notable people with this surname include:

António Botto (1897–1959), Portuguese aesthete and lyricist poet

Benjamin Abrahão Botto (1890–1938), Lebanese photographer

Bianca Botto (born 1991), Peruvian retired tennis player

Giuseppe Domenico Botto (1791–1865), Italian physicist

Iacopo Botto (born 1987), Italian volleyball player

Ján Botto (1829–1881), Slovak poet and writer of the Štúr generation

Juan Diego Botto (born 1975), Argentine actor

Lewis Botto (1898–1953), English footballer

María Botto (born 1974), Argentine actress

Juan Diego Botto
Juan Diego Botto Rota (born 29 August 1975) is an Argentine-Spanish film, stage and television actor.

Born in Argentina, he moved to Spain together with his mother (the actress and acting coach Cristina Rota) in 1978. Following early film appearances as a child actor, he landed a breakthrough role in the 1995 film Stories from the Kronen. He has since starred in films such as Martín (Hache) (1997), Plenilune (2000), Broken Silence (2001), Obaba (2005), Go Away from Me (2006) and Ismael (2013). He has also worked as a stage director and playwright and debuted as a film director with the 2022 social drama-thriller On the Fringe.
Theodor Reimann
Theodor Reimann (10 February 1921 – 30 August 1982), also known as Teodor Reimann, was a football goalkeeper and manager. At club level he played mostly for Slovan Bratislava. Internationally he played for both Slovakia and Czechoslovakia. He obtained 14 caps for Slovakia from 1939 to 1943. He obtained five caps between 1948 and 1954 for Czechoslovakia including one at the 1954 FIFA World Cup.

Czechoslovak First League
The Czechoslovak First League (Czech: 1. fotbalová liga, Slovak: 1. futbalová liga) was the premier football league in Czechoslovakia from 1925 to 1993, with the exception of World War II. Czechoslovakia was occupied by German forces who formed Gauliga Sudetenland and Gauliga Böhmen und Mähren leagues on occupied territories. Until the 1934-35 season, no teams from Slovakia participated in the league.

Czechs were allowed to run their own league in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, while Slovaks were granted their own independent Slovak State and created their own league. After the World War II the league was recreated.