hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Curvature of a measure
In mathematics, the curvature of a measure defined on the Euclidean plane R2 is a quantification of how much the measure's "distribution of mass" is "curved". It is related to notions of curvature in geometry. In the form presented below, the concept was introduced in 1995 by the mathematician Mark S. Melnikov; accordingly, it may be referred to as the Melnikov curvature or Menger-Melnikov curvature. Melnikov and Verdera (1995) established a powerful connection between the curvature of measures and the Cauchy kernel.

Euclidean plane
In mathematics, a Euclidean plane is a Euclidean space of dimension two, denoted  or . It is a geometric space in which two real numbers are required to determine the position of each point. It is an affine space, which includes in particular the concept of parallel lines. It has also metrical properties induced by a distance, which allows to define circles, and angle measurement.

A Euclidean plane with a chosen Cartesian coordinate system is called a Cartesian plane.
The set  of the ordered pairs of real numbers (the real coordinate plane), equipped with the dot product, is often called the Euclidean plane or standard Euclidean plane, since every Euclidean plane is isomorphic to it.
Martin Molnár
Martin Molnár (born 21 August 2008) is a Hungarian racing driver who is set to compete in the GB3 Championship with Rodin Motorsport. He previously finished third in the 2025 F4 British Championship for Virtuosi Racing.

Circuit Zandvoort
Circuit Zandvoort (Dutch pronunciation: [sɪrˈkʋi ˈzɑntfoːrt]), known for sponsorship reasons as Mascot Circuit Zandvoort, previously known as Circuit Park Zandvoort until 2017, is a 4.259 km (2.646 mi) motorsport race track located in the dunes north of Zandvoort, the Netherlands, near the North Sea coast line and 35 km (22 mi) west of Amsterdam. It returned to the Formula One calendar in 2021 as the location of the revived Dutch Grand Prix. This partnership with Formula One will end in 2026. The circuit has been named as Mascot Circuit Zandvoort for at least three years since July 2025.
WHMH-FM
WHMH-FM (101.7 MHz) is a commercial radio station in Sauk Rapids, Minnesota, broadcasting an active rock radio format. The station is owned by Tri-County Broadcasting, calling itself "Rockin' 101" and commonly referred to as "The Red House". Its main competitor is KXXR "93X".

WHMH-FM has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 40,000 watts.  The transmitter is on 2nd Street North at Summit Avenue South in Sauk Rapids, directly behind the studios.

Active rock
Active rock is a radio format used by many commercial radio stations across the United States and Canada. Active rock stations play a balance of new hard rock songs with valued classic rock favorites, normally with an emphasis on the harder edge of mainstream rock and album-oriented rock.
Abu'l Fath of Sarmin
Abu’l Fath of Sarmin was a Nizari Ismaili missionary (da'i) and qadi from Sarmin, Seljuk Empire. He enlisted help from Ridwan and fellow Assassin Abu Tahir al-Sa'igh to assassinate Khalaf ibn Mula’ib in 1106, after which he became emir of the Assassin castle Qalaat al-Madiq in Apamea. He also enlisted Ridwan to counter the threat from Tancred. Tancred, with help from Khalaf’s son Musbih ibn Mula’ib, captured the town. Abu’l Fath, without allies among the neighboring emirs, negotiated the safe passage of the Muslims in the town. Nevertheless, he and three of his followers were put to death. Apamean nobles were then taken to Antioch to be ransomed by Ridwan.

Apamea
Apamea or Apameia (Ancient Greek: Απάμεια) is the name of several Hellenistic cities in western Asia, after Apama, the Sogdian wife of Seleucus I Nicator, several of which are also former bishoprics and Catholic titular see.

Places called Apamea include:
Mary LaRoche
Mary LaRoche (also often credited Mary La Roche; July 20, 1920 – February 9, 1999) was an American actress and singer best known for her roles in the feature films Gidget (1959) and Bye Bye Birdie (1963) and for her performances as a guest star and supporting character on American television series between the early 1950s and mid-1970s, including on such popular series as  The Twilight Zone, The Alfred Hitchcock Hour, Perry Mason, and Gunsmoke.

The Merry Widow
The Merry Widow (German: Die lustige Witwe [diː ˈlʊstɪɡə ˈvɪtvə]) is an operetta by the Austro-Hungarian composer Franz Lehár. The librettists, Viktor Léon and Leo Stein, based the story – concerning a rich widow, and her countrymen's attempt to keep her money in the principality by finding her the right husband – on an 1861 comedy play, L'attaché d'ambassade (The Embassy Attaché) by Henri Meilhac.

The operetta has enjoyed extraordinary international success since its 1905 premiere in Vienna and continues to be frequently revived and recorded. Film and other adaptations have also been made. Well-known music from the score includes the "Vilja Song", "Da geh' ich zu Maxim" ("You'll Find Me at Maxim's"), and the "Merry Widow Waltz".
Tonight with Viet Thao
Tonight with Viet Thao is a Vietnamese late-night talk show created in early 2016, recorded in Orange County, CA, and is part of Thuy Nga Productions. It airs on the S-Channel, headquartered in Little Saigon, primarily and is currently in its first season. The language used is mostly Vietnamese, with minimal English. It is similar to current late-night talk shows, having a band and stand-up comedy every episode. It is mainly fixed on Vietnamese culture, as the show is in a Vietnamese-American community.

Thúy Nga Productions
Thúy Nga Inc. (listenⓘ) (dba Thúy Nga Productions, variously referred to as Thúy Nga Incorporated, Thúy Nga Paris, and Trung Tâm Thúy Nga) is an American entertainment company founded in 1984 in Paris, and currently based in Westminster, California. The private company is known for its Vietnamese-oriented entertainment, such as the variety show and direct-to-video series Paris by Night, and music released as part of the record label Thúy Nga Music.
Bluhm
Bluhm is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Brady Bluhm (born 1983), American actor

Heidrun Bluhm (born 1958), German politician and member of Die Linkspartei

Kay Bluhm (born 1968), East German-German flatwater canoe racer

Lou Bluhm (1940–1990), American bridge player

Neil Bluhm (born 1938), American billionaire real estate and casino magnate, philanthropist

Norman Bluhm (1921–1999), American abstract expressionist painter

Red Bluhm (1894–1952), Major League Baseball player for the Boston Red Sox

Tim Bluhm (born 1970), Californian singer/guitarist and songwriter of the rock band The Mother Hips

Tim Bluhm
Timothy Andrew Bluhm (born July 22, 1970) is an American songwriter, producer, and multi-instrumentalist. He is the primary singer and guitarist for rock band The Mother Hips. He is part of the duos the Skinny Singers with Jackie Greene and Ball-Point Birds with Greg Loiacono, and has been a member of The Rhythm Devils, Brokedown in Bakersfield, and Nicki Bluhm & The Gramblers. He has also performed and released solo material.
Budapest-Kelenföld railway station
Budapest-Kelenföld railway station (Hungarian: Kelenföldi vasútállomás or incorrectly Kelenföldi pályaudvar, and between 2010 and 2019 officially Kelenföld) is among Budapest's four busiest railway stations (the others are Keleti pu, Déli pu and Nyugati pu). Opened in 1861, it is situated south-west of the city centre, in Újbuda or District XI in the suburb Kelenföld.

Today, Budapest-Kelenföld is an extremely busy station, with almost all passenger and freight services operated by Hungarian Railways towards Transdanubia passing through.

The station is served by Kelenföld vasútállomás metro station and is the terminus of the Line 4 of the Budapest Metro which opened on 28 March 2014.

Next to the station there is a suburban Volánbusz bus terminal.

As of 2024, the old station building is undergoing renovations and is set to become a part of the Hungarian Technical and Transportation Museum.

Transdanubia
Transdanubia (Hungarian: Dunántúl [ˈdunaːntuːl]; German: Transdanubien, Croatian: Prekodunavlje or Zadunavlje, Slovak: Zadunajsko) is a Hungarian geographical concept, varying in time according to the changing borders of Hungary during history. As such, it is a traditional region of Hungary, which is also referred to as Hungarian Pannonia, or Pannonian Hungary.
Lewistown station (Missouri)
Lewistown station, also known as Burlington Northern Railroad Station at Lewistown and Lewiston Depot, is a historic train station located at Lewistown, Lewis County, Missouri. It was built in 1871 by the Quincy, Missouri, and Pacific Railroad, and is a one-story, gable roofed, frame building with wide overhanging eaves. It measures 24 feet, 6 inches, by 50 feet, 6 inches, and is sheathed in vertical board and batten siding.  It was moved to its present location in 1977 to house a community centre.: 2–4

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979 as the Quincy, Missouri, and Pacific Railroad Station.

Community centre
A community centre, community center, or community hall is a public location where members of a community gather for group activities, social support, public information, and other purposes. They may be open for the whole community or for a specialized subgroup within the greater community. Community centres can be religious in nature, such as Christian churches, Islamic mosques, Jewish synagogues, Hindu temples, or Buddhist temples; though they can also be secular and in some cases government-run, such as youth clubs or Leisure centres.
Sacred Scriptures Bethel Edition
The Sacred Scriptures Bethel Edition (SSBE) is an English-language Sacred Name Bible translation that consistently restores the personal names Yahweh and Yahshua throughout both the Old and New Testaments. It was produced under the direction of Jacob O. Meyer, founding and directing Elder of the Assemblies of Yahweh, and first published in 1981.

The translation is based primarily upon the American Standard Version of 1901, a version frequently cited by scholars for its textual precision and adherence to the original Hebrew and Greek manuscripts. The Sacred Scriptures Bethel Edition contains approximately 977 pages and was initially printed in an edition of 5,500 copies. It has since been continuously used as the standard Bible text in all Assemblies of Yahweh worship services, educational programs, and publications, and has also been adopted by some adherents within the Sacred Name Movement.

Sacred Name Movement
The Sacred Name Movement (SNM) is a movement within Adventism concerned with emphasizing the use of the Hebrew name of God. Influenced by Clarence Orvil Dodd, the movement considers the use of God's name as important as the Jewish festivals. SNM believers also generally observe many of the Old Testament laws and ceremonies such as the Seventh-day Sabbath, Torah festivals, and kashrut food laws. The movement also rejects the doctrine of the Trinity as unbiblical.
Child of Glass
Child of Glass is a 1978 American made-for-television family fantasy film produced by Walt Disney Productions and based upon the novel The Ghost Belonged to Me by Richard Peck. Its plot follows a young boy who moves into a former plantation in Louisiana, and encounters the ghost of a young girl who was murdered on the property.

It originally aired on NBC as a presentation of The Wonderful World of Disney on May 14, 1978. The film was also re-aired sporadically during the early to mid-1980s, often on weekends during the afternoon. The filming locations were in Danville, Kentucky and New Orleans, Louisiana.

Children's film
A children's film, or family film, is a film genre that generally relates to children in the context of home and family. Children's films are made specifically for children and not necessarily for a general audience, while family films are made for a wider appeal with a general audience in mind. Children's films come in several major genres like realism, fantasy, adventure, war, musicals, comedy, and literary adaptations.
1998 in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1998.

Residue (chemistry)
In chemistry, residue is whatever remains or acts as a contaminant after a given class of events. Residue may be the material remaining after a process of preparation, separation, or purification, such as distillation, evaporation, or filtration. It may also denote the undesired by-products of a chemical reaction.

Residues as an undesired by-product are a concern in agricultural and food industries.
2010–11 Israeli Women's Cup
The 2010–11 Israeli Women's Cup (Hebrew: גביע המדינה נשים, Gvia HaMedina Nashim) was the 13th season of Israel's women's nationwide football cup competition.

The competition was won by ASA Tel Aviv University who had beaten Maccabi Holon 3–2 in the final.

Starting with this season, the IFA organized a league cup competition for the League’s second division. The winner of this cup was Hapoel Be’er Sheva, who had beaten Maccabi Kishronot Hadera B 7–1 in the final.

Israel Football Association
The Israel Football Association (IFA; Hebrew: ההתאחדות לכדורגל בישראל HaHiṯəʼaḥăḏūṯ ləKaddūreḡel bəYiśrāʼēl, lit. 'The Association of Football in Israel') is the governing body of football in Israel. It organizes a variety of association football leagues where the highest level is the Israeli Premier League; as well as national cups such as the Israel State Cup, the Toto Cup, and the Israel Super Cup; also, the Israel national football team. The IFA was originally founded in 1928, in Mandatory Palestine, and is based in Ramat Gan.
Terry Gipson
Terry W. Gipson (born April 2, 1963) is an American politician and college instructor who was elected as a Democratic member of the New York Senate in November 2012, and served from January 1, 2013, through December 31, 2014, in the 200th State Legislature. He represented the state's 41st district, which covers most of Dutchess County and Putnam County. He launched a campaign for Governor of New York in 2017 to challenge incumbent Democrat Andrew Cuomo; Gipson withdrew from the race in 2018.

Putnam County, New York
Putnam County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 97,668. The county seat is Carmel, within one of the county's six towns. The county is part of the Hudson Valley region of the state.

Putnam County is bordered by Dutchess County to the north, Connecticut and its county of Fairfield to the east,  Westchester County to the south, and the Hudson River and Orange County to the west. Midtown Manhattan is around a one-hour drive, and the county is included in the New York metropolitan area.

Putnam County was formed in 1812 from Dutchess County and is named for Israel Putnam, a hero in the French and Indian War and a general in the American Revolutionary War.

It is one of the most affluent counties in America, ranked 21st by median household income, and 43rd by per-capita income, according to the 2012 American Community Survey and 2009–2013 American Community Survey, respectively.
Bill Gatewood
William Miller "Big Bill" Gatewood (August 22, 1881 – December 8, 1962) was an American Negro league baseball pitcher and manager for several years before the founding of the first Negro National League, and in its first few seasons.  He pitched for the Leland Giants, Chicago Giants, St. Paul Colored Gophers, Chicago American Giants, New York Lincoln Giants, Cuban X-Giants, Philadelphia Giants, Brooklyn Royal Giants, St. Louis Giants, Indianapolis ABCs, Detroit Stars, St. Louis Stars, Toledo Tigers, Milwaukee Bears, Memphis Red Sox, Atlantic City Bacharach Giants, and Birmingham Black Barons.

Indianapolis ABCs
The Indianapolis ABCs were a Negro league baseball team that played both as an independent club and as a charter member of the first Negro National League (NNL).  They claimed the western championship of black baseball in 1915 and 1916, and finished second in the 1922 NNL.  Among their best players were Baseball Hall of Fame members Oscar Charleston, Biz Mackey,  and Ben Taylor.
United Left–Greens
United Left–Greens (Basque: Ezker Batua–Berdeak, EB–B) was a left wing environmentalist political party in Spain. Javier Madrazo led the party as general coordinator from 1994 to 2009.

In the 1994 Basque elections EB won 93,291 votes (9.15%) and gained its first six seats in the Basque Parliament. It was a member of the Basque Government for 8 years (between 2001 and 2009), supporting Juan José Ibarretxe of the Basque Nationalist Party as lehendakari. In 2009 it obtained 36,134 votes (3.51%). Its remaining MP in the Basque Parliament, Mikel Arana, the general coordinator, lost his seat in the 2012 Basque parliamentary elections, leaving the party without representation there.

In January 2012, following a period of internal strife, EB joined the Communist Party of the Basque Country and the Alternative Plural Rally (EPA) in founding a new party named Ezker Anitza (Plural Left).

Lehendakari
The President of the Basque Government (Basque: Eusko Jaurlaritzako Lehendakaria, Spanish: Lehendakari del Gobierno Vasco), usually known in the Basque language as the Lehendakari (Basque: lehendakari, Spanish: lendakari), is the head of government of the Basque Autonomous Community. The lehendakari leads the executive branch of the regional government.

The current lehendakari is Imanol Pradales, of the Basque Nationalist Party.

The Basque noun lehendakari means "president" and can refer to the president of any country, club, association etc.
60th Directors Guild of America Awards
The 60th Directors Guild of America Awards, honoring the outstanding directorial achievements in films, documentary and television in 2007, were presented on January 26, 2008, at the Hyatt Regency Century Plaza. The ceremony was hosted by Carl Reiner. The nominees in the feature film category were announced on January 8, 2008, and the nominations for directorial achievement in television, documentaries and commercials were announced on January 10, 2008.

The awards were noted in the media for an incident in which actress Sean Young was ejected from the ceremony by security guards for heckling the stage and other behavior.

Fairmont Century Plaza
The Fairmont Century Plaza is a 19-story luxury hotel in Century City, Los Angeles, US. The hotel fronts the Avenue of the Stars, adjacent to the twin Century Plaza Towers and the 2000 Avenue of the Stars complex. At the time of its opening in 1966, the hotel was the highest building in Century City, with views extending all the way to the Pacific Ocean. It was also the first hotel to have color televisions in all of its rooms. The hotel closed for renovations in 2016, and reopened on September 27, 2021, operated by Fairmont Hotels and Resorts. It is a member of Historic Hotels of America. The hotel was formerly known as The Century Plaza Hotel.
Ed Bell (musician)
Ed Bell (born May 1905, died 1960, 1965 or 1966) was an American Piedmont blues and country blues singer, guitarist and songwriter whose identity has only recently been verified by historians. Some of his records were released under the pseudonyms Sluefoot Joe and Barefoot Bill from Alabama. His best-remembered recording is "Mamlish Blues".

Colin Larkin noted in the Encyclopedia of Popular Music that "Bell stands as the most influential Alabama artist in pre-war blues recordings."

Colin Larkin
Colin Larkin (born 1949) is a British music writer. He founded and was the editor-in-chief of The Encyclopedia of Popular Music. Along with the ten-volume encyclopedia, Larkin also wrote the book All Time Top 1000 Albums, and edited the Guinness Who's Who of Jazz, the Guinness Who's Who of Blues, and the Virgin Encyclopedia of Heavy Rock. He has more than 650,000 copies in print.
Gargoyle Mountain
Gargoyle Mountain is a 2,693-metre (8,835-foot) mountain summit located in Jasper National Park, in the Canadian Rockies of Alberta, Canada. The peak is situated 23 kilometres north of the municipality of Jasper, and is a prominent landmark in the Athabasca Valley visible from Highway 16 and The Canadian. Its nearest higher peak is Cliff Mountain, 5.5 km (3.4 mi) to the west. Gargoyle Mountain was named in 1916 by Morrison P. Bridgland for the fact a stream heads at the mountain, like a gargoyle or spout. Bridgland (1878-1948) was a Dominion Land Surveyor who named many peaks in Jasper Park and the Canadian Rockies. The mountain's name was officially adopted in 1956 by the Geographical Names Board of Canada.

Alberta Highway 16
Alberta Provincial Highway No. 16, commonly referred to as Highway 16, is a major east–west highway in central Alberta, Canada, connecting Jasper with Lloydminster via Edmonton. It forms a portion of the Yellowhead Highway, a major interprovincial route of the Trans-Canada Highway system that stretches from Masset, British Columbia, on Graham Island, to the main Trans-Canada Highway (Highway 1) west of Portage la Prairie, Manitoba, near Winnipeg. Highway 16 spans approximately 634 kilometres (394 mi) from Alberta's border with British Columbia in the west to its border with Saskatchewan in the east. As of 2010, all but less than 96 kilometres (60 mi) of the route was divided, with a minimum of two lanes in each direction. It is designated a core route in Canada's National Highway System.
Kanhangad Assembly constituency
Kanhangad State assembly constituency is one of the 140 state legislative assembly constituencies in Kerala in southern India.  It is also one of the seven state legislative assembly constituencies in Kasaragod Lok Sabha constituency. As of the 2021 assembly elections, the current MLA is  E. Chandrasekharan of CPI.

Kanhangad Assembly constituency was established by the 2008 delimitation. Before, it was known as Hosdurg Assembly constituency from 1957 to 2008.

2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election
The 2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election was held in Kerala on 6 April 2021 to elect 140 members to the 15th Kerala Legislative Assembly. The results were declared on 2 May.

The election saw the incumbent Left Democratic Front (LDF) in a historic win retaining power with 99 seats, 8 more than in the previous election, marking the first time that an alliance won consecutive terms in the state since 1977. The United Democratic Front (UDF) won the remaining 41 seats, 6 less than in the previous election. The National Democratic Alliance (NDA) received a dip in vote share and lost their lone seat. Pinarayi Vijayan became the first Chief Minister of Kerala to be re-elected after completing a full, five-year term in office.
Cecylia Vetulani
Cecylia Vetulani (11 April 1908 – 2 January 1980) was a Polish art historian and conservator-restorer who did research mostly in the field of Warmia and Masuria folk art. She was a custodian of the Museum of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn (1950–1956).

Masuria
Masuria (Polish: Mazury [maˈzurɨ] ⓘ; Masurian: Mazurÿ; German: Masuren [maˈzuːʁən] ⓘ) is an ethnographic and geographic region in northern and northeastern Poland, known for its 2,000 lakes. Masuria occupies much of the Masurian Lake District. Administratively, it is part of the Warmian–Masurian Voivodeship (administrative area/province). Its biggest city, often regarded as its capital, is Ełk. The region covers a territory of some 10,000 km2 which approximately 500,000 people inhabit.

Masuria is bordered by Warmia, Powiśle and Chełmno Land in the west, Mazovia in the south, Podlachia and Suwałki Region in the east, and Lithuania Minor in the north.