hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
William I of Guelders and Jülich
William (5 March 1364 – 16 February 1402, Arnhem) was Duke of Guelders, as William I, from 1377 and Duke of Jülich, as William III, from 1393.  William was known for his military activities, participating in the Prussian crusade five times and battling with neighbors in France and Brabant throughout his rule.  His allies included Holy Roman Emperors, Charles IV and Wenceslaus, Richard II of England, and Conrad Zöllner von Rothenstein, the Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights.  During his reign the duchies of Guelders and Jülich were temporarily unified.

Arnhem
Arnhem (Dutch: [ˈɑrnɛm] ⓘ or [ˈɑr(ə)nɦɛm] ⓘ; German: Arnheim [ˈaʁnhaɪm] ⓘ; Ernems: Èrnem) is a city and municipality situated in the eastern part of the Netherlands, near the German border. It is the capital of the province of Gelderland, located on both banks of the rivers Nederrijn and Sint-Jansbeek, which was the source of the city's development.

Arnhem is home to the Hogeschool van Arnhem en Nijmegen, ArtEZ Institute of the Arts, Netherlands Open Air Museum, Airborne Museum 'Hartenstein', Royal Burgers' Zoo, NOC*NSF and National Sports Centre Papendal. The north corner of the municipality is part of the Hoge Veluwe National Park. It is approximately 55 square kilometres (21 sq mi) in area, consisting of heathlands, sand dunes, and woodlands.
Little House Wayside
The Little House Wayside is a 3-acre (1.2 ha) rest area located in Pepin County, Wisconsin. It is approximately seven miles (11 km) northwest of Pepin, Wisconsin located in the town of Stockholm and approximately one mile southeast of Lund on County Highway CC (formerly Wisconsin Highway 183). The Wayside is located on the plot where Laura Ingalls Wilder was born on February 7, 1867.

The site contains a replica of the house that was described in the book, Little House in the Big Woods. The unfurnished cabin contains a fireplace, two bedrooms, a loft, and information about Wilder and her family. The site is now surrounded by open farmland, although it was a dense hardwood forest when Wilder was born. The site is maintained by the Laura Ingalls Wilder Memorial Society. The house is closed for the winter after the snow gets deep.

Rest area
A rest area is a public facility located next to a large thoroughfare such as a motorway, expressway, or highway, at which drivers and passengers can rest, eat, or refuel without exiting onto secondary roads.  Other names include motorway service area (UK), services (UK),  travel plaza, rest stop, service area, rest and service area (RSA), resto,  service plaza, lay-by, and service centre. Facilities may include park-like areas, fuel stations, public toilets, water fountains, restaurants, and dump and fill stations for caravans and motorhomes.

A rest area with limited to no public facilities is a lay-by,  scenic area, or scenic overlook.  Along some highways and roads are services known as wayside parks, roadside parks, or picnic areas.
Chinese sun and moon mirrors
The sun-mirror (Chinese: 陽燧; pinyin: yángsuì) and moon-mirror (Chinese: 方諸; pinyin: fāngzhū) were bronze tools used in ancient China. A sun-mirror was a burning-mirror used to concentrate sunlight and ignite a fire, while a moon-mirror was a device used to collect nighttime dew by condensation. Their ability to produce fire and water gave them symbolic significance to Chinese philosophers, and they were often used as metaphors for the concepts of yin and yang (the sun-mirror representing yang and the moon-mirror representing yin).

Rites of Zhou
The Rites of Zhou (Chinese: 周禮; pinyin: zhōu lǐ), originally known as "Officers of Zhou" (周官; zhōu guān), is a Chinese work on bureaucracy and organizational theory. It was renamed by Liu Xin to differentiate it from a chapter in the Book of History by the same name. To replace a lost work, it was included along with the Book of Rites and the Etiquette and Ceremonial – becoming one of three ancient ritual texts (the "Three Rites") listed among the classics of Confucianism.

In comparison with other works of its type, the Rite's ruler, though a sage, does not create the state, but merely organizes a bureaucracy. It could not have been composed during the Western Zhou. With a vision based on Warring States period society, Mark Edward Lewis takes it as closely linked to the major administrative reforms of the period. He and Michael Puett compare its system of duties and ranks to the "Legalism" of Shang Yang, which is not to say that they had any direct relation.
Graham Coop
Graham Coop (born 23 May 1979) is a British-American population geneticist. He is a professor in both the Department of Evolution and Ecology and the Center for Population Biology in the College of Biological Sciences at the University of California, Davis.

UC Davis College of Biological Sciences
The University of California, Davis College of Biological Sciences (commonly referred to by students as the CBS) was established in 2005 and is one of four colleges and five schools on the campus of the University of California, Davis. Davis is the only UC campus that boasts a college dedicated solely to the study of biology, and is one of the only universities in the US to have such an institution. The college offers ten undergraduate majors and six minors, and has eight interdisciplinary graduate groups. The majors housed in the CBS were previously part of the Division of Biological Sciences since 1971.

In 2016, Mark Winey became Dean of the college.

Biological Sciences is the second most popular major at UC Davis, and 1/4 of the students at the university are within the CBS. Three of the top ten most popular majors at UC Davis are in the College of Biological Sciences: Biological Sciences; Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior; and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.
EMLL 57th Anniversary Show
The EMLL 57th Anniversary Show (Spanish: 57. Aniversario de EMLL) was a professional wrestling  major show event produced by Empresa Mexicana de Lucha Libre (EMLL) that took place on September 21, 1990 in Arena Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico. The event commemorated the 57th anniversary of EMLL, the oldest professional wrestling promotion in the world. The Anniversary show is EMLL's biggest show of the year, their Super Bowl event. The CMLL Anniversary Show series is the longest-running annual professional wrestling show, starting in 1934.

The show consisted of six matches, with the main event being a Lucha de Apuestas, mask vs. mask match between Rayo de Jalisco Jr. and Cien Caras, considered one of the most important Apuesta matches of the late 1980s/early 1990s. Also on the show, Atlantis defended the NWA World Middleweight Championship against Emilio Charles Jr. The show also featured four six-man tag team matches.

Cien Caras
J. Carmelo Reyes González (born May 11, 1949) is a Mexican retired professional wrestler, better known by his ring name, Cien Caras ("Hundred Faces"). He is best known for his appearances with the Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL).
Museo Experimental El Eco
The Museo Experimental El Eco is a contemporary art gallery in the centre of Mexico City, Mexico. It was designed by sculptor Mathias Goeritz, a Mexican artist of German origin who worked closely with the Mexican architect Luis Barragán. Originally built in 1952–53, the gallery was extended by FR-EE/Fernando Romero Enterprise in 2007 "to expand its offices and special services to improve daily operations".

Fernando Romero
Fernando Romero Havaux (born 1971) is a Mexican architect and philanthropist. He is the founder of Fernando Romero (formerly known as Fr-ee). In 2025, Fernando established Fundacion Fernando Romero and under its patronage is transforming Barragan's masterpiece - La Cuadra San Cristobal- into a new cultural venue for Mexico City. He is also the co-founder of Archivo Diseño y Arquitectura. Fernando is the ex-son-in-law of Mexican billionaire Carlos Slim.
Kenneth Ekman (ice hockey)
Karl-Axel Kennert "Kenneth" Ekman (born 5 May 1945) is a Swedish former professional ice hockey defenceman. He competed as a member of the Sweden men's national ice hockey team at the 1972 Winter Olympics held in Japan.

He is grandfather of the hockey player Oliver Ekman-Larsson and the football player Amanda Ilestedt and a cousin of professional cyclists the Fåglum brothers.

Ice hockey at the 1972 Winter Olympics
The men's ice hockey tournament at the 1972 Winter Olympics in Sapporo, Japan, was the 12th Olympic Championship. Games were held at the Makomanai Ice Arena and at the Tsukisamu Indoor Skating Rink. The Soviet Union won its fourth gold medal. The United States won the silver, while Czechoslovakia won the bronze. Canada did not send a team to the event for the first time since ice hockey was first introduced to the Olympics in 1920, instead competing with and defeating the Soviets in a competition later that year known as the Summit Series. Canada would not send a men's hockey team to the Olympics until 1980.
Office of Chief Administrative Officer
Office of Chief Administrative Officer (Bengali: প্রধান প্রশাসনিক কর্মকর্তার কার্যালয়) is a specialized department of the Government of Bangladesh under the  Ministry of Defence responsible for the recruitment and management of civilian staff in Bangladesh Army, Bangladesh Navy, and Bangladesh Air Force. It is also accountable for inter-agency cooperation.

Bangladesh Army
The Bangladesh Army (Bengali: বাংলাদেশ সেনাবাহিনী, romanized: Bāṅlādēś shēnābāhinī) is the principal land warfare branch of the Bangladesh Armed Forces responsible for defending the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Bangladesh. Operating under the Ministry of Defence, the army is tasked with national defense, disaster response, and supporting civil authorities during emergencies. Established officially after the 1971 Liberation War, the Bangladesh Army has since evolved into a professional, modern force engaged in peacekeeping missions under the United Nations as well as national security operations.

The Bangladesh Army is also constitutionally obligated to assist the government, during times of domestic or national emergencies. This additional role is commonly referred to as "aid to civil administration" or, using the Latin form, "Protectio, Transparentia, Reintegratio".
American Club (Kohler, Wisconsin)
The American Club is a luxury spa and resort located in Kohler, Wisconsin. It is owned and operated by the Kohler Company. It has received various awards, including the Top 100 Golf Resorts by Conde Nast Traveler magazine, and is the Midwest's only AAA Five Diamond Resort Hotel. It is now part of Destination Kohler. The American Club is a member of Historic Hotels of America, the official program of the National Trust for Historic Preservation.

National Trust for Historic Preservation
The National Trust for Historic Preservation is a privately funded, nonprofit organization based in Washington, D.C., that works in the field of historic preservation in the United States. The member-supported organization was founded in 1949 by congressional charter to support the preservation of America’s diverse historic buildings, neighborhoods, and heritage through its programs, resources, and advocacy.
Indian Wells, California
Indian Wells is a city in Riverside County, California, United States, in the Coachella Valley. Incorporated in 1967, it lies in between the cities of Palm Desert and La Quinta. As of the 2020 census, the city population was 4,757.

The city hosts the sixth-largest tennis tournament in the world, the Indian Wells Masters tennis tournament, presently known as the BNP Paribas Open. The Indian Wells Masters is one of nine ATP Masters 1000 tournaments operated by the Association of Tennis Professionals, and one of the four mandatory WTA 1000 tournaments of the Women's Tennis Association. It is held at the Indian Wells Tennis Garden, which contains the second-largest tennis-specific stadium in the world.

Desi Arnaz
Desiderio Alberto Arnaz y de Acha III (March 2, 1917 – December 2, 1986), known as Desi Arnaz, was a Cuban-American actor, musician, producer, and bandleader. He played Ricky Ricardo on the American television sitcom I Love Lucy, in which he co-starred with his wife Lucille Ball. Arnaz and Ball are credited as the innovators of the syndicated rerun, which they pioneered with the I Love Lucy series.

Arnaz and Lucille Ball co-founded and ran the television production company Desilu Productions, originally to market I Love Lucy to television networks. After I Love Lucy ended, Arnaz went on to produce several other television series, at first with Desilu Productions, and later independently, including The Ann Sothern Show and The Untouchables. He was also the bandleader of his Latin group, the Desi Arnaz Orchestra. He was known for playing conga drums and popularized the conga line in the United States.
Quintessence (Borknagar album)
Quintessence is the fourth studio album by Norwegian progressive metal band Borknagar. It was recorded at The Abyss Studios in January 2000 and mixed by Peter Tägtgren.

According to the members of the band, this album was initially meant to be a relatively straightforward black metal release, as indicated by the production quality and the emphasis on harsh vocals rather than clean singing.

Vocalist Simen "ICS Vortex" Hestnæs plays bass guitar on the album, following the departure of former bassist Kai K. Lie prior to recording sessions for the album. Original keyboardist Ivar Bjørnson and drummer Eric "Grim" Brødreskift were also replaced by Lars A. Nedland and Asgeir Mickelson respectively. Quintessence would also be the last Borknagar album to feature Hestnæs, who left to join Dimmu Borgir (reportedly due to an ultimatum on Øystein Brun's part), until his return in 2010.

Ivar Bjørnson
Ivar Skontorp Peersen, best known by his stage name Ivar Bjørnson (born 27 November 1977), is a Norwegian musician and composer. He is a founding member and the main songwriter of the extreme metal band Enslaved, and has previously been a member of the metal band Borknagar and collaborated with Einar Selvik on several albums. Bjørnson has released sixteen studio albums with Enslaved and won five Norwegian Spellemann Awards with the band.
Rosenbrock function
In mathematical optimization, the Rosenbrock function is a non-convex function, introduced by Howard H. Rosenbrock in 1960, which is used as a performance test problem for optimization algorithms. It is also known as Rosenbrock's valley or Rosenbrock's banana function.

The global minimum is inside a long, narrow, parabolic-shaped flat valley. To find the valley is trivial. To converge to the global minimum, however, is difficult.

The function is defined by

It has a global minimum at , where . Usually, these parameters are set such that  and . Only in the trivial case where  the function is symmetric and the minimum is at the origin.

Maximum and minimum
In mathematical analysis, the maximum and minimum of a function are, respectively, the greatest and least value taken by the function. Known generically as extrema, they may be defined either within a given range (the local or relative extrema) or on the entire domain (the global or absolute extrema) of a function. Pierre de Fermat was one of the first mathematicians to propose a general technique, adequality, for finding the maxima and minima of functions.

As defined in set theory, the maximum and minimum of a set are the greatest and least elements in the set, respectively. Unbounded infinite sets, such as the set of real numbers, have no minimum or maximum.

In statistics, the corresponding concept is the sample maximum and minimum.
Bottrop-Boy station
Bottrop-Boy station is located in the German city of Bottrop in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It is on the Oberhausen-Osterfeld Süd–Hamm line and is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 6 station.

The station was opened between 1925 and 1927 by Deutsche Reichsbahn.

It is served by Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn line S9 (Recklinghausen / Haltern am See and Wuppertal - Hagen),  operating every 30 minutes during the day. It is also served by three bus routes: 260 (every 20 minutes), 265 (every 20 minutes) and 266 (every 60 minutes), all operated by Vestische Straßenbahnen.

Oberhausen-Osterfeld Süd–Hamm railway
The Oberhausen-Osterfeld Süd–Hamm railway, also called the Hamm-Osterfeld line (German: Hamm-Osterfelder Bahn), is a 76-kilometre long double-track electrified main line railway at the northern edge of the Ruhr in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia.

It has a continuous level route with no tunnels. Its eastern and central sections are now only used for freight, while its western section is also for passenger operations.

The main operator, Deutsche Bahn (formerly Deutsche Bundesbahn), has always referred to this line as the Nordstrecke ("northern line"). It was the northernmost route of the former railway division of Essen.
Wu Chien-lung
Wu Chien-Lung (吳建龍, born September 5, 1988, in Taipei, Taiwan) is a Taiwanese professional basketball player. He plays for the Pure Youth of the Super Basketball League.
Wu also plays for the Chinese Taipei national basketball team and made his national team debut at the FIBA Asia Championship 2009.

Wu played primarily off the bench for the Chinese Taipei team at the 2009 Asian Championship.  At age 20, he was the second youngest player on the fifth-placed Chinese Taipei team.  In his most extensive action of the tournament, he grabbed a game-high 10 rebounds in Chinese Taipei's preliminary round victory over Kuwait.

Chinese Taipei men's national basketball team
The Chinese Taipei men's national basketball team (Chinese: 中華台北國家男子籃球隊) represents Taiwan (The Republic of China) in international basketball, and is controlled by the Chinese Taipei Basketball Association. The team was known as Formosa prior to the implementation of the Nagoya Resolution in 1981.

Led by team leader, Yi Kuo-juei (Chinese: 易國瑞), Chinese Taipei's fourth-place finish at the 1959 FIBA World Championship is the second-best finish at the FIBA World Cup for an Asian team, only behind the Philippines' third-place finish at the 1954 edition.
1662 Kanbun earthquake
The 1662 Kanbun earthquake (Japanese: 寛文地震) affected Japan on June 16, 1662. The magnitude was M7.6. Strong shaking were felt over a wide area, mainly in the Northern Kinki region (Around Lake Biwa), and damage was particularly severe in Ōmi and Wakasa. There was also great damage in Kyoto. The earthquake killed 700–900 people and destroyed 4000–4800 houses. This earthquake caused crustal deformation; east of Lake Suigetsu land rose 4.5 m (15 ft)).

Ōmi Province
Ōmi Province (近江国, Ōmi no Kuni; Japanese pronunciation: [oꜜː.mʲi (no kɯ.ɲi)]) was a province of Japan, which today comprises Shiga Prefecture. It was one of the provinces that made up the Tōsandō circuit. Its nickname is Gōshū (江州). Under the Engishiki classification system, Ōmi was ranked as one of the 13 "great countries" (大国) in terms of importance, and one of the "near countries" (近国) in terms of distance from the imperial capital Kyoto.

Ōmi bordered on Wakasa and Echizen Provinces to the north, Mino and Ise Provinces to the east, Iga and Yamato Provinces to the south, and Yamashiro and Tanba Provinces to the west. Lake Biwa, Japan's largest lake, is located at the center of the province.
Londoner's Diary
"Londoner's Diary" is a gossip column in the London Evening Standard. Since 1916 the column has provided readers with witty and mischievous insights into high society; from political scandals and literary feuds to the backstage gossip at fashion parties and film premieres. Charles Wintour, who edited the Standard throughout the sixties, once declared: "To go to a decent London dinner party without having read the Diary would be to go out unprepared for proper conversation."

Max Hastings
Sir Max Hugh Macdonald Hastings (/ˈheɪstɪŋz/; born 28 December 1945) is a British journalist and military historian who has worked as a foreign correspondent for the BBC, editor-in-chief of The Daily Telegraph, and editor of the Evening Standard. He is also the author of thirty books, most significantly histories, which have won several major awards. Hastings currently writes a bimonthly column for Bloomberg Opinion and contributes to The Times and The Sunday Times.
Wolfgang Rosenthal
Wolfgang Rosenthal (8 September 1882 – 10 June 1971) was a German oral surgeon. Until the mid-1930s, he also pursued a parallel career as a bass-baritone singer.

After the destructive bombing of the Saint John's Church in Leipzig it became necessary to identify the physical remains of Johann Sebastian Bach before they could be reburied at the Thomaskirche nearby: Rosenthal was able to combine his knowledge of anatomy with his insights (confirmed by further anatomical investigations) into the physical effect of a lifetime of organ playing on a musician's legs to provide the necessary identification.

Oral and maxillofacial surgery
Oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) is a surgical speciality focusing on reconstructive surgery of the face, facial trauma surgery, the mouth, head and neck, and jaws, as well as facial plastic surgery including cleft lip and cleft palate surgery and rhinoplasty.
Kegedonce Press
Kegedonce Press is an Indigenous publishing house in Neyaashiinigmiing Reserve No. 27 (Cape Croker), Ontario, Canada, owned by Kateri Akiwenzie-Damm. Started in 1993, it is one of only a handful of dedicated Indigenous publishers in Canada. Their motto is "w'daub awae", which means "speaking true" in Ojibwe. Kegedonce Press describes itself as committed to the publication of beautifully written and designed Indigenous literature, both nationally and internationally. They are the only Indigenous publisher that prioritizes poetry, as Kateri is a poet and recognizes that many new Indigenous authors begin their writing careers as poets.

Indigenous-owned and operated, this literary press publishes work by some of the most widely known contemporary Indigenous writers, including titles by Kateri Akiwenzie-Damm, Joanne Arnott, Warren Cariou, Cherie Dimaline, Al Hunter, Daniel Heath Justice, Basil H. Johnston, Aaron Paquette, and Richard Van Camp.

Joanne Arnott
Joanne Arnott (born 16 December 1960 in Winnipeg, Manitoba) is a Canadian writer.

She has conducted writing workshops across much of Canada and in Australia, including a series at the Carnegie Centre, sponsored by SFU, and has written for the Literary Review of Canada. She received the Gerald Lampert Award for her 1991 collection of poetry Wiles of Girlhood.

Arnott lives in British Columbia with her family.  She is a founding member of the Aboriginal Writers Collective West Coast and The Aunties Collective. As a member of the Alliance of Women Against Racism, Etc., she facilitated Unlearning Racism workshops for colleges, universities, government and community groups in Canada throughout the 1990s. She has served on The Writers Union of Canada National Council (2009), The Writers Trust of Canada Authors Committee, and as jury member for the Governor General's Awards/Poetry (2011). She is the Poetry Editor for Event Magazine.
National Weather Service Topeka, Kansas
National Weather Service – Topeka, Kansas (Abbreviation TOP) is a local National Weather Service forecast office based in Topeka, the state capital of Kansas. Its offices are located near Philip Billard Municipal Airport. It provides weather and emergency information to 23 counties in north-central, northeast, and east-central Kansas. Communities that rely on the Topeka Weather Office for forecasts and severe storm warnings include Abilene, Clay Center, Concordia, Council Grove, Emporia, Hiawatha, Junction City, Lawrence, Manhattan, Marysville, Ottawa, and Topeka.

Ottawa, Kansas
Ottawa (pronounced /ˈɒtəwɑː/)  is a city in and the county seat of Franklin County, Kansas, United States.  It is located on both banks of the Marais des Cygnes River near the center of Franklin County.  As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 12,625.  It is the home of Ottawa University.