hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Adam Almiliby
Adam Almiliby was a Portuguese Jew who, together with Isaac Belamy, was appointed a farmer of the royal taxes in 1353 by King Alfonso IV. By virtue of this office both were exempted from wearing the Jew-badge, and were endowed with power to enforce the collection of the royal customs. During their term of office the Jews of Portugal were relieved of all imposts except the poll-tax.

Spanish and Portuguese Jews
Spanish and Portuguese Jews, also called Western Sephardim, Iberian Jews, or Peninsular Jews, are a distinctive sub-group of Sephardic Jews who are largely descended from Jews who lived as New Christians in the Iberian Peninsula during the few centuries following the forced expulsion of unconverted Jews from Spain in 1492 and from Portugal in 1497. They should therefore be distinguished both from the descendants of those expelled in 1492 and from the present-day Jewish communities of Spain and Portugal.

The main present-day communities of Spanish and Portuguese Jews exist in the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, the United States and Canada, and several other Jewish communities in the Americas have Spanish and Portuguese Jewish roots though they no longer follow the distinctive customs of the Spanish and Portuguese Jews.
Invading the Sacred
Invading the Sacred: An Analysis of Hinduism Studies in America is a book published in 2007 by Rupa & Co. which argues that there are factual inaccuracies in Hindu studies. The editors of the book are Krishnan Ramaswamy, Antonio T. de Nicolás, and Aditi Banerjee. The book has contributions from Arvind Sharma of McGill University, S. N. Balagangadhara of Ghent University, psychoanalyst Alan Roland, Yvette Rosser, Ramesh N. Rao, Pandita Indrani Rampersad, Yuvraj Krishnan, and others. Rajiv Malhotra played a large role in drafting most of the book's content. He stated that through this book, he intended to bring attention to, and provide a counter-argument to, the prevalent Freudian psychoanalytical critiques of Hinduism in the American Academy of Religion's RISA group. After the controversy surrounding Wendy Doniger's book The Hindus: An Alternative History erupted in India, the authors decided to make it freely available online as it critiques a major part of her work.

American Academy of Religion
The American Academy of Religion (AAR) is the world's largest association of scholars in the field of religious studies and related topics. It is a nonprofit member association, 
serving as a professional and learned society for scholars involved in the academic study of religion. It has some 10,000 members worldwide, with the largest concentration being in the United States and Canada. AAR members are university and college professors, independent scholars, secondary teachers, clergy, seminarians, students, and interested lay-people.
Reinagle
Reinagle is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alexander Reinagle (1756–1809), English-born American composer and organist

Caroline Reinagle (born Orger; 1818–1892), English composer, pianist, and writer

George Philip Reinagle (1802–1835), English marine painter, son of Ramsay Richard Reinagle

Hugh Reinagle (c. 1790–1834), American painter

Joseph Reinagle (1762–1836), English music composer and cellist

Philip Reinagle (1749–1833), English animal, landscape and botanical painter

Ramsay Richard Reinagle (1775–1862), English portrait, landscape and animal painter, and son of Philip Reinagle

Hugh Reinagle
Hugh Reinagle (c. 1790 in Philadelphia – May 1834 near New Orleans) was an American painter.

He studied under John J. Holland, and became known as a landscape painter, working in oil and watercolor. For many years, he worked as a scene painter in New York, and produced also a panorama of New York, which was exhibited in that city. In 1830, he went to New Orleans, where he died of cholera four years later. He was one of the original thirty members of the National Academy of Design, and exhibited there, in 1831, a View of the Falls of Mount Ida. His Macdonough's Victory on Lake Champlain was engraved by Benjamin Tanner in 1816.
Gorden
Gorden is an English variant of Gordon. Notable people with the name include:

given name;

Gorden Kaye, English actor

Gorden Kelley, American football player

Gorden Moyo, Zimbabwean politician

Gorden Tallis, Australian rugby player

Gorden Wagener, chief design officer for Daimler AG

surname

Greg Gorden, American game designer

Sarah Gorden, American soccer player

Gorden Moyo
Gorden Moyo was the Minister of State Enterprises and Parastatals in the Government of the Republic of Zimbabwe; he was appointed to this post following a reshuffle of MDC-T Ministers in the Cabinet by MDC-T President and Prime Minister Morgan Tsvangirai in June 2010.
2013 Craig, Alaska earthquake
The 2013 Craig, Alaska earthquake (also known as the Queen Charlotte Fault earthquake) struck on January 4, at 11:58 pm (UTC–7) near the city of Craig and Hydaburg, on Prince of Wales Island. The Mw 7.5 earthquake came nearly three months after an Mw  7.8 quake struck Haida Gwaii on October 28, in 2012. The quake prompted a regional tsunami warning to British Columbia and Alaska, but it was later cancelled. Due to the remote location of the quake, there were no reports of casualties or damage.

Prince of Wales Island (Alaska)
Prince of Wales Island (Tlingit: Taan) is one of the islands of the Alexander Archipelago in the Alaska Panhandle. It is the fourth-largest island in the United States (after Hawaii, Kodiak Island, and Puerto Rico) and the 97th-largest island in the world.
Charles de Valois
Charles de Valois is the name of:

Charles, Count of Valois (1270–1325)

Charles I, Duke of Orléans (1394–1465), also count of Valois

Charles of Valois, Duke of Berry (1446–1472), son of Charles VII, King of France and Marie of Anjou

Charles II, Duke of Orléans (1522–1545)

Charles de Valois, Duke of Angoulême (1573–1650), Duke of Angoulême

Charles II, Duke of Orléans
Charles II of Orléans (22 January 1522 – 9 September 1545) was the third son of Francis I and Claude of France. In the autumn of 1545, Charles was on his way  to Boulogne, which was under siege. On 6 September, he came across a cluster of houses that had been emptied and sealed off "from the plague", probably a form of influenza. In the belief that the sons of the King of France were immune to plagues, Charles and one of his brothers entered some of the infected houses. After supposedly lying down on one of the infected beds and rolling around on the bedding, he took ill on the evening of the same day.  Charles died on 9 September.  During his funeral, the future King Henry II wept for Charles even though his friend, François de Scépeaux, argued that Charles "never loved or esteemed you."
Coregency
A coregency is the situation where a monarchical position (such as prince, princess, king, queen, emperor or empress), normally held by only a single person, is held by two or more. It is distinct from diarchies or duumvirates (such as Andorra, ancient Sparta and Rome), where monarchical power is permanently divided between two rulers; and also from regencies, where a person, who is not legally monarch themselves, exercises monarchical power on the behalf of reigning monarch who is absent or unable to rule (for example due to illness or young age).

Princess
Princess is a title used by a female member of a regnant monarch's family or by a female ruler of a principality. The male equivalent is a prince (from Latin princeps, meaning principal citizen). Most often, the term has been used for the consort of a prince, or for the daughter of a monarch. A crown princess can be the heir apparent to the throne or the spouse of the heir apparent.
Henry Durant Howren
Henry Durant Howren (July 1, 1857 - October 7, 1890) was an American politician from Newnansville, Florida, serving in the Florida House of Representatives from 1881 - 1883. The son of Methodist minister Robert Hudson Howren, he was born in Bainbridge, Georgia and educated at Emory and Henry College.

His father had been serving the Methodist Church in Newnansville for over two years when he completed college, and within a month of returning home, he was nominated by the Democratic Party of Alachua County for the Florida House at the age of 22. His Republican opponent was incumbent Leonard G. Dennis, infamous for playing a role in throwing the 1876 presidential election to Rutherford B. Hayes, and a former Florida State Senator. Howren defeated Dennis by an approximate vote margin of four to one, and was the first Democrat elected to office in Alachua County since the end of the Civil War.

Emory and Henry University
Emory & Henry University (E&H or Emory) is a private university in Emory, Virginia, United States. The campus comprises 335 acres (1.36 km2) of Washington County, which is part of the Appalachian highlands of Southwest Virginia. Founded in 1836, Emory & Henry University is the oldest institution of higher learning in Southwest Virginia. The university is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges but was placed on probation in June 2025 because of concerns about the institution's finances.
Şemdin Sakık
Şemdin Sakık (born 1959), also known by his nom de guerre Şemo or Parmaksız Zeki (lit. 'Zeki The Fingerless'), is a Kurdish militant commander, former senior Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) member. He is best known for ordering the May 24, 1993 PKK ambush. He has been imprisoned since his capture in Iraqi Kurdistan by Turkish forces in 1998, shortly after his defection to the Kurdistan Democratic Party. He was a key witness in the Ergenekon trials.

Kurdistan Democratic Party
The Kurdistan Democratic Party (Kurdish: پارتی دیموکراتی کوردستان, romanized: Partiya Demokrat a Kurdistanê), usually abbreviated as KDP or PDK, is the ruling party in Iraqi Kurdistan and the senior partner in the Kurdistan Regional Government. It was founded in 1946 in Mahabad in Iranian Kurdistan. The party states that it combines "democratic values and social justice to form a system whereby everyone in Kurdistan can live on an equal basis with great emphasis given to rights of individuals and freedom of expression."

The KDP is dominated by the Barzani tribe and the party's stated ideologies are conservatism, secularism, and Kurdish nationalism.
Ransom Water Tower
The Ransom Water Tower is a former water tower in the LaSalle County, Illinois, village of Ransom. It was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 1990. It was demolished in January of 2025.

LaSalle County, Illinois
LaSalle County is a county located within the Fox Valley and Illinois River Valley regions of the U.S. state of Illinois. As of the 2020 Census, it had a population of 109,658. Its county seat and largest city is Ottawa. LaSalle County is part of the Ottawa, IL Micropolitan Statistical Area of Northern Illinois.

LaSalle County borders Woodford, Marshall, Putnam, Bureau, Livingston, Lee, DeKalb, Kendall, and Grundy counties. Though LaSalle County is in the Chicago media market, it retains a unique identity with a mix of river towns and vast expanses of farmland. The county lies at the intersection of the Chicago, Peoria, Quad Cities and Rockford television markets with all four regions broadcasting within its borders and having a strong influence on the area, despite the county being only 60 miles (97 km) southwest of Chicago.
Nelson Falcons
Nelson Falcons was a New Zealand association football club, based in the South Island city of Nelson, New Zealand. Their home ground was Trafalgar Park.

Formed in 2012, Nelson Falcons was the youth football team for the Tasman area, and played its first season in the National Youth League in 2013, with their first game being a 2–2 draw against Canterbury United in which Omar Guardiola scored their first ever goal. After losing the final of the NYL against Auckland City in the 2013–14 season, the team won the NYL title in the 2014–15 season, beating Team Wellington 5–1 on the final day and watching Waitakere United slump to a draw against Auckland City. They disbanded after the 2015 season, when they were replaced in the youth league by Tasman United.

Trafalgar Park, Nelson
Trafalgar Park is a sports ground located beside the Central Business District of Nelson, in New Zealand's South Island. The stadium has a capacity of 18,000, following upgrades completed for the 2011 Rugby World Cup. It takes its name from its location on Trafalgar Street.
2005 New Zealand rugby union tour of Britain and Ireland
The 2005 New Zealand Rugby Union tour of Britain and Ireland was a Grand Slam Rugby Union tour played by the New Zealand National Rugby Union team, also known as the All Blacks, in the United Kingdom and in the Republic of Ireland against their respective national teams. Played through November, it consisted of 4 matches against Wales, Ireland, England and Scotland.

It was the first Grand Slam Tour by the All Blacks since the 18 match Grand Slam tour of 1978.

New Zealand won all of their matches with a touring squad of 35 players selected by Head Coach Graham Henry.

The matches were played during November 2005. The first match was against Wales on the 5th, the second was against Ireland on the 12th, the third was against England on the 19th, and the last match was against Scotland on the 26th to complete the first successful Grand Slam tour of the professional era. The last successful Grand Slam was by Australia in 1984 in between 14 other matches.

Neemia Tialata
Neemia Stanley Tialata (born 15 July 1982 in Lower Hutt, New Zealand) is a New Zealand former rugby union footballer. He most recently played for RC Narbonne in the Pro D2. Tialata also previously played for Stade Toulousain in the Top 14. As well as representing New Zealand All Blacks from 2005 to 2010, he also played for the Hurricanes in Super Rugby and for Wellington in the ITM/Air New Zealand Cup when available. Currently, Neemia serves as the Director of Rugby at Wellington College in Wellington, New Zealand - along with his former All Black teammate Piri Weepu, who serves as the Wellington College 1st XV head coach.
Sir William Chaytor, 1st Baronet
Sir William Chaytor, 1st Baronet (29 April 1771 – 28 January 1847) was a British politician and businessman.

Chaytor was the illegitimate son of William Chaytor, by Jane Lee (they were later married).

He had banking interests and was a major landowner in north east England. He owned Witton Park, the estate of Witton Castle, within which he developed the Witton Park Colliery. He became a board member of the Stockton and Darlington Railway which served the pit. The architect Ignatius Bonomi extended Witton Castle and built the Croft Spa Hotel and the now-demolished Clervaux Castle near Croft for Chaytor.

Chaytor was made a baronet in 1831. He served as a Whig Member of Parliament for Sunderland from 1832 to 35 and was a supporter of Earl Grey and of the Reform Act 1832. He was appointed High Sheriff of Durham in 1839.

Chaytor was married to Isabella (1781–1854). Their eldest son, also William Chaytor, was also a Member of Parliament.

Croft-on-Tees
Croft-on-Tees is a village and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England. It has also been known as Croft Spa, and from which the former Croft Spa railway station took its name. It lies 11 miles (18 km) north-north west of the county town of Northallerton.
Azhagai Irukkirai Bayamai Irukkirathu
Azhagai Irukkirai Bayamai Irukkirathu (transl. You look beautiful, (so) I'm scared!) also known by the initialism AIBI, is a 2006 Indian Tamil-language romantic comedy film written, directed and photographed by S. D. Vijay Milton, in his directorial debut. It stars Bharath and Mallika Kapoor (making her Tamil film debut) with Arun Vijay (credited as Arun Kumar), Deepu, Renuka and M. S. Bhaskar in vital supporting roles. The film's score and soundtrack are composed by Yuvan Shankar Raja. The film, inspired by the 1997 American film Addicted to Love, was released on 14 April 2006. The story tells a love relationship between two playful youngsters and their sacrifices.

Addicted to Love (film)
Addicted to Love is a 1997 American romantic black comedy film directed by Griffin Dunne and starring Meg Ryan, Matthew Broderick, Tchéky Karyo, and Kelly Preston. Its title is based on Robert Palmer's song "Addicted to Love," and a cover of the song by Neneh Cherry is featured in the film. Addicted to Love was released by Warner Bros. on May 23, 1997 and grossed $34.7 million.
St Mary's Church, Litton
The Church of St Mary in Litton, Somerset, England, dates from the 13th century. It is a Grade I listed building.

There is some evidence for the existence of a Saxon church on the site before the Norman Conquest. The village was listed in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Litune, meaning 'The small enclosure' from the Old English lyt and tun. It was the property of Gisa, Bishop of Wells, and a Norman building was later incorporated into the present building.

The north isle was added around 1850 to accommodate the influx of people involved in the construction of the Litton Reservoirs. It contains the 14th century font. The pulpit is Jacobean and the benches are from the 15th century.

It has a Perpendicular three-stage tower with battlements, pinnacles and a bell chamber, containing six bells which were repaired and rehung around 1910.

Several of the memorials and crosses in the churchyard are also listed buildings. There is also a damaged Saxon font.

Pinnacle
A pinnacle is an architectural element originally forming the cap or crown of a buttress or small turret, but afterwards used on parapets at the corners of towers and in many other situations. The pinnacle looks like a small spire. It was mainly used in Gothic architecture.

The pinnacle had two purposes:

Ornamental – adding to the loftiness and verticity of the structure. They sometimes ended with statues, such as in Milan Cathedral. Ornamental pinnacles of Milan Cathedral

Structural – the pinnacles were very heavy and often rectified with lead, in order to enable the flying buttresses to contain the stress of the structure vaults and roof. This was done by adding compressive stress (a result of the pinnacle weight) to the thrust vector and thus shifting it downwards rather than sideways.
ISO 3166-2:KY
ISO 3166-2:KY is the entry for the Cayman Islands in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.

Currently no second level ISO 3166-2 codes are defined in the entry for the Cayman Islands.

The Cayman Islands are officially assigned the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code KY.

This two character string is most commonly associated with the Cayman Island's official internet domain name extension .ky

Province
A province is an administrative division within a country or state. The term derives from the ancient Roman provincia, which was the major territorial and administrative unit of the Roman Empire's territorial possessions outside Italy. The term province has since been adopted by many countries. In some countries with no actual provinces, "the provinces" is a metaphorical term meaning "outside the capital city".

While some provinces were produced artificially by colonial powers, others were formed around local groups with their own ethnic identities. Many have their own powers independent of central or federal authority, especially in Canada and Turkey. In other countries, like China or France, provinces are the creation of central government, with very little autonomy.
Glowtini
The Glowtini is a cocktail inspired by the Year of a Million Dreams celebration at Walt Disney World Resort and some Disneyland Resort locations. The Glowtini is served at restaurants all over Disney World.

It consists of Skyy Citrus Vodka, Blue Curacao, peach schnapps, Sweet-N-Sour, and pineapple juice. It is garnished with a souvenir glow cube. The glow cube "ice cubes" are made of clear plastic and feature LEDs that flash and blink once a button is activated.

The Glowtini is the winner of the 2008 Cheers Awards for Beverage Excellence in the category of Best Chain Signature Drink. Winners are selected by a judging panel composed of leading beverage professionals and members of the Cheers Beverage Conference team.

Curaçao (liqueur)
Curaçao (/ˈkjʊərəsaʊ, -soʊ/ KURE-ə-sow, -⁠soh, Dutch: [kyːraːˈsʌu] ⓘ) is a liqueur flavored with the dried peel of the bitter orange variety laraha, a citrus fruit grown on the Caribbean island of Curaçao.

Curaçao can be sold in numerous forms, though the most common are the orange-hued dry curaçao, and blue curaçao which is dyed bright blue.
Mauro Cabeção
Mauro de Campos Júnior (23 April 1955 – 6 August 2004), known as Mauro Cabeção, is a Brazilian former footballer who played as a defender. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1976 Summer Olympics.

Football at the 1976 Summer Olympics
The football tournament at the 1976 Summer Olympics started on 18 July and ended on 31 July. Only one event, the men's tournament, was contested. 13 teams participated in the tournament, while three African teams withdrew in support of the anti-racism boycott. East Germany won the gold, defeating Poland in the final, with the Soviet Union taking the bronze.
Obituary poetry
Obituary poetry, in the broad sense, includes poems or elegies that commemorate a person's or group of people's deaths.

In its stricter sense, though, it refers to a genre of popular verse or folk poetry that had its greatest popularity in the nineteenth century, especially in the United States of America.  The genre consists largely of sentimental narrative verse that tells the story of the demise of its typically named subjects and seeks to console their mourners with descriptions of their happy afterlife.  The genre achieved its peak of popularity in the decade of the 1870s.  While usually full chiefly of conventional pious sentiments, the obituary poets in one sense continue the program of meditations on death begun by the eighteenth-century graveyard poets, such as Edward Young's Night Thoughts, and as such continue one of the themes that went into literary Romanticism.

Edward Young
Edward Young (1683 – 5 April 1765) was an English poet, best remembered for Night-Thoughts, a series of philosophical writings in blank verse, reflecting his state of mind following several bereavements. It was one of the most popular poems of the century, influencing Goethe and Edmund Burke, among many others, and at the end of the century was illustrated by William Blake.

Young took holy orders, and wrote many fawning letters in search of preferment, attracting accusations of insincerity.
Mikhail Vodopyanov
Mikhail Vasilyevich Vodopyanov (Russian: Михаил Васильевич Водопьянов; 18 November [O.S. 6 November] 1899 – 11 August 1980) was a Soviet aircraft pilot, one of the first Heroes of the Soviet Union, and a Major General of the Soviet Air Force. Together with Mikhail Babushkin, he was the first to land an airplane on the North Pole.

Order of the Patriotic War
The Order of the Patriotic War (Russian: Орден Отечественной войны, romanized: Orden Otechestvennoy voiny) is a Soviet military decoration that was awarded to all soldiers in the Soviet armed forces, security troops, and to partisans for heroic deeds in the Eastern Front of World War II. After the beginning of the German Operation Barbarossa, the Soviet Government applied the term "Great Patriotic War" to the war.