hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Third Battle of Wonju
The Third Battle of Wonju, was a series of engagements between North Korean and United Nations (UN) forces during the Korean War. The battle took place from 13 to 18 February 1951 north of the South Korean town of Wonju.

While the Korean People's Army (KPA) achieved some initial successes, their attacks petered out in the face of strong UN defences and as their supply lines became overstretched and by 18 February they had begun to withdraw across the entire front.

17th Infantry Regiment (United States)
The 17th Infantry Regiment is a United States Army infantry regiment. An earlier regiment designated the 17th Infantry Regiment was organized on 11 January 1812, but it was consolidated with four other regiments as the 3rd Infantry in the post-war reorganization of the army following the War of 1812, due to the shattering losses it sustained at the River Raisin. The current 17th Infantry was constituted as the 17th Regiment of Infantry on 3 May 1861.
Tanugamanono
Tanugamanono is a village on the island of Upolu in Samoa. It is situated on the north central side of the island near the country's capital Apia. The village is in the political district of Tuamasaga.

The population is 805.

The largest electricity generating plant in Samoa is located in Tanugamanono, the 19.2 MW diesel plant which uses 5 generators. The plant was heavily damaged in December 2012 by Cyclone Evan.

Tuamasaga
Tuamāsaga is a district of Samoa, with a population (2016 census) of 95,907. This makes it the most populous district in Samoa. The geographic area of Tuamasaga covers the central part of Upolu island, and includes the capital, Apia.
Aunanis
Aunanis is a village in Salon block of Rae Bareli district, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is located 2 km from Salon, the block and tehsil headquarters. As of 2011, Aunanis has a population of 1,115 people, in 209 households. It has one primary school and no healthcare facilities and is located on major district roads. It hosts neither a permanent market nor a periodic haat.

The 1961 census recorded Aunanis (as "Auna Nis") as comprising 2 hamlets, with a total population of 393 people (206 male and 187 female), in 86 households and 86 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 176 acres.

The 1981 census recorded Aunanis as having a population of 572 people, in 200 households, and having an area of 77.30 hectares. The main staple foods were given as wheat and rice.

Haat bazaar
Haat Bazaar (Bengali: হাটবাজার) is an open-air market that serves as a trading venue for local people in rural areas and towns mainly in Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal and India. Haat bazaars are conducted on a regular basis, usually once, twice or thrice a week, and in some places once every fortnight. At times, haat bazaars are organized in a different manner, to support or promote trading by and with rural people. In addition to providing trading opportunities, haat bazaars serve as meeting places, rural settlements come up around the haats which gradually grow into towns.
Pune Challenger
The PMRDA (Pune Metropolitan Region Development Authority) Powered Maha Open (previously the KPIT MSLTA Challenger), is a professional tennis tournament, part of the ATP Challenger Tour. It is played on outdoor hardcourts. It has been held annually at the Shree Shiv Chhatrapati Sports Complex in Pune, India since 2014.

Shree Shiv Chhatrapati Sports Complex
The Shree Shiv Chhatrapati Sports Complex, also known as Balewadi Stadium, is a sports complex located in Pune, India. The complex is situated about 15 km from downtown Pune and 5 km from Hinjawadi. This complex was a venue for the 2008 Commonwealth Youth Games, Khelo India Youth Games in 2019 and AFC Women's Asian Cup.
Leonid Sazanov
Leonid A. Sazanov FRS is a professor at the Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA). Sazanov research explores the structure and function of large membrane protein complexes from the domain of bioenergetics. These molecular machines interconvert redox energy and proton motive force across biological membranes using a variety of mechanisms.

Respiratory complex I
Respiratory complex I, EC 7.1.1.2 (also known as NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, Type I NADH dehydrogenase and mitochondrial complex I) is the first large protein complex of the respiratory chains of many organisms from bacteria to humans. It catalyzes the transfer of electrons from NADH to coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and translocates protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotes or the plasma membrane of bacteria.

This enzyme is essential for the normal functioning of cells, and mutations in its subunits lead to a wide range of inherited neuromuscular and metabolic disorders. Defects in this enzyme are responsible for the development of several pathological processes such as ischemia/reperfusion damage (stroke and cardiac infarction), Parkinson's disease and others.
Sao Saimong
Sao Sāimöng (also Sao Sāimöng Mangrāi; 13 November 1913 – 14 July 1987) was a member of the princely family of Kengtung State. He was a government minister in Burma (now Myanmar) soon after independence; he was also a scholar, historian and linguist. His wife, Mi Mi Khaing, was also a scholar and writer.

Taunggyi
Taunggyi (Burmese: တောင်ကြီးမြို့, MLCTS: taung kri: mrui. [tàʊɰ̃dʑí mjo̰]) is the capital and largest city of Shan State, Myanmar (Burma); and lies on the Thazi-Kyaingtong road at an elevation of 4,712 feet (1,436 m), just north of Shwenyaung and Inle Lake within the Myelat region. Taunggyi is the fifth largest city of Myanmar. Even though Taunggyi city is the capital of Shan State, 45% of population are Pa'O People, 35% are Bamar People and 6% of population are Shan aka Tai People. The city is famous for its hot air balloon festival held annually on the full-moon day of Tazaungmon, the eighth month of the traditional Burmese calendar. Taunggyi is colloquially regarded as Myanmar's City of Music, famous for its culture of live music and numerous festivals.
1995 Fed Cup Americas Zone Group II – Pool A
Group A of the 1995 Fed Cup Americas Zone Group II was one of two pools in the Americas Zone Group I of the 1995 Fed Cup. Four teams competed in a round robin competition, with the top two teams advancing to the knockout stage and the bottom team being relegated down to Group II for 1996.

1995 Fed Cup
The 1995 Fed Cup was the 33rd edition of the most important competition between national teams in women's tennis, and the first to bear the name Fed Cup.

Major changes to the tournament's structure went into effect for 1995.  The format was changed to a multi-tiered league system similar to the Davis Cup, and a Group II was added to the existing Group I at Zonal level. The World Group I was reduced to eight teams and the World Group II was added with another eight teams.

Ties were played at home sites rather than all in one location as before. Play-offs determined promotion and relegation between World Group and World Group II and Zonal Group I. Two singles rubbers were added to the ties, which became the best of five matches.

The final took place on 25–26 November, with Spain defeating the United States to give Spain their third title.
Chicago State Cougars
The Chicago State Cougars are the varsity athletic teams representing Chicago State University on the South Side of Chicago, Illinois in intercollegiate athletics. The university currently sponsors 16 varsity teams. The Cougars compete in NCAA Division I in the Northeast Conference (NEC), which they joined in 2024. They were previously members of the Western Athletic Conference from 2013 to 2022.

Chicago State University
Chicago State University (CSU) is a public university in Chicago, Illinois, United States.

Founded in 1867 as Cook County Normal School by the Cook County Board of Commissioners, it was established as the first teacher training school in Cook County. In 1949, when it was known as Chicago Teachers College, the institution was divided into two branches, with one eventually becoming Northeastern Illinois University. The state government of Illinois began funding the institution in 1951 and assumed full control in 1965. It was renamed the current name in 1971. CSU is a predominantly black (PBI) university. As of 2025, CSU had an 11 percent graduation rate within a four-year period of study.
2010 Karshi Challenger – Doubles
Sadik Kadir and Purav Raja were the defending champions, but they lost to Murad Inoyatov and Andrey Kumantsov in the first round.Gong Maoxin and Li Zhe won the title, by defeating Divij Sharan and Vishnu Vardhan 6–3, 6–1 in the final.

Murad Inoyatov
Murad Inoyatov (born November 13, 1984) is a professional Uzbekistani tennis player.

Inoyatov reached his highest individual ranking on the ATP Tour on May 11, 2009, when he became World number 437.  He primarily plays on the Futures circuit and the Challenger circuit.

Inoyatov has been a member of the Uzbekistani Davis Cup team since 2003, posting a 3–8 record in singles and a 3–5 record in doubles in fifteen ties played.

Inoyatov represented Uzbekistan at the 2006 and 2010 Asian Games, winning the silver medal in the Men's Team event at the 2010 Games.
Akatsuka Award
The Akatsuka Award (赤塚賞, Akatsuka Shō) is the name of a semi-annual award for gag manga by the Japanese publisher Shueisha.

The award has been given since 1974 and it aims to reward new manga artists in the comedy manga category. Its counterpart award, Tezuka Award, awards new manga artists in the Story Manga category. The award was named after Fujio Akatsuka, one of the most successful comedy mangaka. Notable entrants and winners include Kyosuke Usuta Kousuke Masuda Shuichi Aso Takeshi Okano, Kazumata Oguri, Mitsutoshi Shimabukuro, Norihiro Yagi and Yusuke Murata.

In 2019, the 91st Akatsuka Award was held. This marked the first time that a winner was selected for the award in 29 years.

Kyosuke Usuta
Kyosuke Usuta (うすた 京介, Usuta Kyōsuke; born May 25, 1974 in Aichi Prefecture but raised in Kōshi, Kumamoto) is a Japanese manga artist. His best known works are Sexy Commando Gaiden: Sugoi yo!! Masaru-san which was published in Weekly Shōnen Jump from 1995 to 1997 and which was adapted into a 48-episode anime series produced by Magic Bus; and Pyu to Fuku! Jaguar which was also serialized in Weekly Shōnen Jump between 2000 and 2010, adapted into an anime film and a live action film in 2008.
Henry Gassett Davis
Henry Gassett Davis  (November 4, 1807 – November 17, 1896) was an American orthopedic surgeon.

He founded the traction school of orthopedic surgery and created the first splint for traction and protection of the hip joint. Davis is also known for his work in studying soft tissue adaptation (see Davis' law).

Traction (orthopedics)
Traction is a set of mechanisms for straightening broken bones or relieving pressure on the spine and skeletal system. There are two types of traction: skin traction and skeletal traction. They are used in orthopedic medicine.
Kiel McLeod
Kiel McLeod (born December 30, 1982) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey centre. He most recently played for HC Pustertal Wölfe in the Italian Serie A. He joined the Wolves after a stints with EV Ravensburg of the 2nd Bundesliga and Frisk Asker of the GET-ligaen. He retired after the 2013-2014 season.

HC Pustertal Wölfe
HC Pustertal Wölfe – Val Pusteria Wolves are an Italian professional ice hockey team from Bruneck, Italy. As of the 2021–22 season, the team plays in the ICE Hockey League (ICEHL). They formerly played in the Alps Hockey League and Serie A.
Quelling the People
Quelling the People: The Military Suppression of the Beijing Democracy Movement is a history book which investigates the conflict between the Chinese democracy movement in Beijing and the communist-controlled People's Liberation Army, culminating in the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre in Beijing.

The book is written by Timothy Brook, a Canadian historian who specializes in the study of China.

Sinology
Sinology, also referred to as China studies, is a subfield of area studies or East Asian studies involved in social sciences and humanities research on China. It is an academic discipline that focuses on the study of the Chinese civilization primarily through Chinese language, history, culture, literature, philosophy, art, music, cinema, and science. Its origin "may be traced to the examination which Chinese scholars made of their own civilization."

The academic field of sinology often refers to Western scholarship. Until the 20th century, it was historically seen as equivalent to philology concerning the Chinese classics and other literature written in the Chinese language. Since then, the scope of sinology has expanded to include Chinese history and palaeography, among other subjects.
Excel Academy
Excel Academy is the name of several different schools, including:

Excel Academy (Arvada, Colorado), a charter school in Arvada, Colorado

Excel Academy at Francis M. Wood High School, Baltimore, Maryland

Excel Academy (Conroe, Texas), a boarding school in Conroe, Texas

Excel Academy (San Antonio, Texas), a public school in San Antonio, Texas, operated by the Northside hool District

Excel Academy (Stoke-on-Trent), a secondary school in Staffordshire, England

Excel Academy, Stoke-on-Trent
Excel Academy (formerly Holden Lane High School) is a mixed secondary school located in Sneyd Green, Stoke on Trent, England. It was established in 1963 and educates pupils of ages 11–16.

Situated in the north of Stoke-on-Trent, the school has a catchment from the neighbourhoods of Sneyd Green, Milton, Baddeley Green, Norton-in-the-Moors, and Ball Green. The socio-economic circumstances of the area the school serves are below average. The vast majority of students are White British. The academy is the school of choice for an increasing number of parents/carers and is over subscribed.
Shroud (character)
Maximillian Quincy Coleridge is a superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by writer Steve Englehart and artist Herb Trimpe, the character first appeared in Super-Villain Team-Up #5 (April 1976). Coleridge, known under the codename The Shroud, set out to establish himself as the world's greatest hero. To maintain his guise as a villain, he assumed leadership of the supervillain team Night Shift, often manipulating its members into performing heroic acts without their knowledge. Inspired by his encounters with the West Coast Avengers—particularly Moon Knight—Coleridge later aspired to carry on Marc Spector's legacy by becoming the next Moon Knight.

Villain
A villain (masculine), or villainess (feminine), also bad guy, baddy or baddie (sometimes known as a "black hat"), is a stock character, whether based on a historical narrative or one of literary fiction. Random House Unabridged Dictionary defines such a character as "a cruelly malicious person who is involved in or devoted to wickedness or crime; scoundrel; or a character in a play, novel, or the like, who constitutes an important evil agency in the plot". The antonym of a villain is a hero.

The villain's structural purpose is to serve as the opposite to the hero character, and their motives or evil actions drive a plot along. In contrast to the hero, who is defined by feats of ingenuity and bravery and the pursuit of justice and the greater good, a villain is often defined by their acts of selfishness, evilness, arrogance, cruelty, and cunning, displaying immoral behavior that can oppose or pervert justice.
The Danger Zone (album)
The Danger Zone is the fourth studio album and third posthumous album by American hip hop artist Big L, released May 31, 2011 on RBC Records.  L's brother Donald Phinazee produced most of the album and other production came from DJ Phantom. The album was originally announced on April 12, 2011, and features artists such as Gang Starr, O.C., Herb McGruff, A.G., Roc Raida, Lord Finesse as well as other D.I.T.C. members. It is the second album that contains unreleased and unheard tracks and freestyles, after Return of the Devil's Son.

The album received positive reviews and Andres Vasquez calls the album a "must have".

Lord Finesse
Robert A. Hall Jr. (born February 19, 1970), known by his stage name Lord Finesse, is an American rapper and hip-hop producer from The Bronx, New York, best known as the leader of the D.I.T.C. crew. About.com ranked him number 29 on its list of the Top-50 Hip-Hop Producers.
Olav Odden
Olav Magnar Odden (28 September 1914 – 28 January 1969) was a Norwegian skier from Folldal Municipality. He competed in cross-country skiing and Nordic combined at the 1948 Winter Olympics.

He was Norwegian champion in 30 km in 1938 and a winner in Nordic combined in Holmenkollen in 1946.

Nordic combined
Nordic combined is a winter sport in which athletes compete in cross-country skiing and ski jumping. The Nordic combined at the Winter Olympics has been held since the first Winter Olympics in 1924, while the FIS Nordic Combined World Cup has been held since 1983. Many Nordic combined competitions use the Gundersen method, where placement in the ski jumping segment results in time (dis)advantages added to the contestant's total in the cross-country skiing segment (e.g. the ski jumping winner starts the cross-country skiing race at 00:00:00 while the one with the lowest jumping score starts with the longest time penalty).
Gugu hat
Gugu hat (罟罟冠 or 固姑冠 or 顧姑冠 or 故姑冠; pronounced as Guguguan in Chinese) is a tall headdress worn by Mongol noblewomen before and during the Yuan dynasty. It is also known as boqta, boghta, botta, boghtagh or boqtaq. The gugu hat was one of the hallmark headdress of Mongol women in the 13th and 14th century. It was always worn with the formal robe of Mongol women.

The boqta also appeared in the Ilkhanate (1256–1335 AD), in Korea when Mongol princesses married in the Goryeo court, and continued to be used in the Timurid court in the 15th century AD.

Rashid ad-Din Sinan
Rashid al-Din Sinan (Arabic: راشد الدين سنان Rāshid ad-Dīn Sinān; 1131/1135 – 1193) also known as the Old Man of the Mountain (Arabic: شيخ الجبل Sheikh al-Jabal; Latin: Vetulus de Montanis), was an Arab Muslim missionary (dāʿī) who served as the leader of the Nizari Ismaili state and the Order of Assassins from 1162 until his death in 1193. An adherent of Nizari Ismailism, a branch of Shia Islam, he was a prominent figure during the Crusades.
Mike Kume
John Michael Kume (May 19, 1926 – November 26, 2012) was an American professional baseball player. He was a right-handed pitcher who debuted with the Kansas City Athletics during the 1955 season.

Kume stood 6 feet 1 inch (1.85 m) tall and weighed 195 pounds (88 kg). He made his Major League debut at age 29 after spending eight seasons in the Athletics' farm system, signing with them in 1948 when they were still based in Philadelphia. As a Major Leaguer, he allowed 35 hits, 15 bases on balls, and 21 earned runs in 23+2⁄3 innings, striking out seven.

His pro career lasted 12 seasons (and 734 minor league games), all in the Athletics' organization.

Inning
In baseball, softball, and similar games, an inning is the basic unit of play, consisting of two halves or frames, the "top" (first half) and the "bottom" (second half). In each half, one team bats until three outs are made, with the other team playing defense. A full baseball game is typically scheduled for nine innings, while softball games consist of seven innings, although this may be shortened due to weather, or extended if the score is tied at the end of the scheduled innings. The use of the term inning in baseball and softball contrasts with cricket and rounders, in which the term is innings in both singular and plural.
Franklinton, Louisiana
Franklinton is a town in, and the parish seat of Washington Parish, Louisiana, United States. As of the 2020 census, Franklinton had a population of 3,662. The elevation is an average of 155 feet (47 m) above sea level. Franklinton is located 61 miles (98 km) north of New Orleans.

A Franklinton physician, Jerry Thomas, represented Washington Parish in the Louisiana House of Representatives from 1988 to 1999. He was elected to the District 12 seat in the state senate, serving from 1999 to 2004. He had succeeded Phil Short of Covington, who resigned. Prior to his state service, Dr. Thomas was the Washington Parish coroner from 1980 to 1988.

Elected in 2015, Beth Mizell, a businesswoman from Franklinton, is the current District 12 state senator.

Phil Short
Philip Granville Short, known as Phil Short (born January 31, 1947), is a retired military officer formerly from Covington, Louisiana, USA, who served in the Louisiana State Senate for District 12 (St. Helena, St. Tammany, Tangipahoa, and Washington parishes) from 1996 to 1999.
Rancho Lomerias Muertas
Rancho Lomerias Muertas was a 6,660-acre (27.0 km2) Mexican land grant in present-day San Benito County, California given in 1842 by Governor Juan B. Alvarado to José Antonio Castro. The name means "barren hills". The grant was between the Pajaro River and the San Benito River, south of present-day Gilroy.

José Castro
José Antonio Castro (1808 – February 1860) was a Californio politician, statesman, and general who served as interim Governor of Alta California and later Governor of Baja California. During the Bear Flag Revolt and the American Conquest of California, Castro led Mexican forces as the Commandante General of Northern California.
Ron Shand
Ronald Ernest McMurtry (3 February 1906, Carlton, Melbourne, Australia – 8 August 1993, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia), professionally known as Ron Shand and earlier in his career billed as  Ronnie McMurtry, was an Australian actor and comedian who worked extensively in numerously genres of the  show business industry including, circus, soft shoe, theatre, cabaret, revue, vaudeville, radio, television and film in a career spanning over 70 years.

He started his career performing in circus and vaudeville, but was probably best known however in his later years for his role as Herb Evans the elderly hen-pecked husband of Dorrie Evans in television soap opera Number 96 and at 65 was then the oldest member of the regular cast. He continued to appear in TV and film roles into his mid-80s and died in August 1993, aged 87.

Carlton, Victoria
Carlton is an inner-city suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, three kilometres north of the Melbourne central business district within the city of Melbourne local government area. Carlton recorded a population of 16,055 at the 2021 census.

Immediately adjoining the CBD, Carlton is known nationwide for its Little Italy precinct centred on Lygon Street, for its preponderance of 19th-century Victorian architecture and its garden squares including the Carlton Gardens, the latter being the location of the Royal Exhibition Building, one of Australia's few man-made sites with World Heritage status.

Due to its proximity to the University of Melbourne, the CBD campus of RMIT University and the Fitzroy campus of Australian Catholic University, Carlton is also home to one of the highest concentrations of university students in Australia.
Geography of Port Phillip
Port Phillip, sometimes referred to as Port Phillip Bay, is a large bay in southern Victoria, Australia, 1,930 km2 (476,900 acres) in area, with a coastline length of 264 km (164 mi). The bay is extremely shallow for its size, but mostly navigable. The deepest portion is only 24 m (80 ft), and half the region is shallower than 8 m. Its volume is around 25 km3. The city of Melbourne is located at its northern end, near the mouth of the Yarra River.

Port Phillip is home to a vast array of geographic features typically found in bays, such as beaches, points, islands and smaller bays, as well as being the drainage point of many major rivers and creeks in Central Victoria. All features here are listed clockwise from the mouth of the Yarra River.

Werribee South
Werribee South is a locality in Victoria, Australia, 32 km (20 mi) southwest of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the City of Wyndham local government area. Werribee South recorded a population of 2,392 at the 2021 census.

Werribee South is a rural-urban suburb located just outside of the Melbourne metropolitan area.