hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Avarskiy okrug
The Avarskiy okrug was a district (okrug) of the Dagestan Oblast of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. The area of the Avarskiy okrug is included in contemporary Dagestan of the Russian Federation. The district's administrative centre was Khunzakh.

Caucasus Viceroyalty (1801–1917)
The Caucasus Viceroyalty was a special administrative unit of the Russian Empire located in the Caucasus region, existing from 1801 to 1917 under the governance of various administrative offices. It included the present-day countries of Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia, as well as the Russian republics of Adygea, Chechnya,  Dagestan, Ingushetia, Kabardino-Balkaria, Karachay-Cherkessia and North Ossetia–Alania and portions of Southern Russia and Turkey.

Russia conquered the Caucasus in the early 19th century, beginning with the annexation of the Georgian Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti and continuing with the Caucasian War and a series of conflicts against the Ottoman and Persian empires.
Joseph G. Davis
Joseph G. Davis (born 1953) is an Indian-born, Australian Information systems researcher, and Professor of Information Systems and Services, and Director of the Knowledge Discovery and Management Research Group (KDMRG) at the University of Sydney in Sydney, Australia. He is known for his work on decision support systems, ontologies, semantic technologies, and technological and organizational approaches to discovering and sharing knowledge in organizations.

Decision Support Systems
Decision Support Systems is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research on theoretical and technical advancements in decision support systems, including topics such as foundations, functionality, interfaces, implementation, impacts, and evaluation. It is published by Elsevier and the editors-in-chief are Andrew N. K. Chen (University of Kansas) and Victoria Y. Yoon (Virginia Commonwealth University), while James R. Marsden (University of Connecticut) is an emeritus editor.
City Sugar
City Sugar is a stage play by Stephen Poliakoff. It was originally staged at the Bush Theatre in 1975 and directed by Hugh Thomas. City Sugar's cast was led by John Shrapnel as Leonard Brazil and supported by Leon Vitali and Lynne Miller. In 1976 the play then transferred to the Comedy Theatre with Adam Faith taking over as Leonard Brazil and James Aubrey as Rex. City Sugar, along with its companion piece Hitting Town, won Poliakoff the Evening Standard's Most Promising Playwright Award in 1976.

The play was widely performed in regional cities all over Britain, and was presented at the Phoenix Theatre in New York City with Jeff Goldblum in the lead role and was made into a successful ITV television play with Tim Curry playing the lead.

City Sugar followed the story of the young waitress, Nicola, whom the audience first encountered in Poliakoff's Hitting Town.

Bush Theatre
The Bush Theatre is located in the Passmore Edwards Public Library, Shepherd's Bush, in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham. It was established in 1972 as a showcase for the work of new writers.
Atomic model (mathematical logic)
In model theory, a subfield of mathematical logic, an atomic model is a model such that the complete type of every tuple is axiomatized by a single formula. Such types are called principal types, and the formulas that axiomatize them are called complete formulas.

Well-formed formula
In mathematical logic, propositional logic, and predicate logic, a well-formed formula, abbreviated WFF or wff, often simply formula, is a finite sequence of symbols from a given alphabet, constructed following the defined grammar of a formal language.

The abbreviation wff is pronounced "woof", or sometimes "wiff", "weff", or "whiff".

A formal language can be identified with the set of formulas in the language. A formula is a syntactic object that can be given a semantic meaning by means of an interpretation. Two key uses of formulas are in propositional logic and predicate logic.
QBU-10
The QBU-10 or Type 10 sniper rifle is a semi-automatic anti-materiel rifle designed and manufactured by Norinco. First introduced in 2010, it has since seen use by the People's Liberation Army Ground Force, People's Liberation Army Navy, and Marine Corps.

Norinco
China North Industries Group Corporation Limited, doing business internationally as Norinco Group (an abbreviation of "North Industries Corporation"), and known within China as China Ordnance Industries Group Corporation Limited (Chinese: 中国兵器工业集团有限公司), is a Chinese state-owned defense corporation that manufactures commercial and military products. Norinco Group is one of the world's largest defense contractors.

The company's subsidiary, China North Industries Corporation (Chinese: 中国北方工业有限公司), or simply Norinco, markets Norinco Group's products internationally, and is also involved in domestic civil construction and military defense projects.

Some of Norinco's international customers include Iran, Pakistan, Zimbabwe, Saudi Arabia and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, where it negotiated arms-for-minerals deals, as well as Venezuela.
NLO (magazine)
NLO (Russian: НЛО, acronym for Невероятное, Легендарное, Очевидное (Incredible, Legendary, Obvious)) was a Russian magazine about ufology, paranormal phenomena and history published by Kaleydoskop publishing house. First published in 1994 as a newspaper, the publication shifted to a magazine format in 1998. The editorial board included prominent Russian ufologist Vladimir Azhazha.

The magazine format is A4. The publication repeatedly changed its design and logo, being a newspaper, magazine and, most recently, a newspaper-like magazine. According to the Russian National Print Run Service, NLO's stated print run of 200,000 has been inflated, being three times higher than the actual one (64,337).

International standard paper sizes
ISO 216 is an international standard for paper sizes, used around the world except in North America and parts of Latin America. The standard defines the "A", "B" and "C" series of paper sizes, which includes the A4, the most commonly available paper size worldwide. Two supplementary standards, ISO 217 and ISO 269, define related paper sizes.

All ISO 216, ISO 217 and ISO 269 paper sizes (except some envelopes) have the same aspect ratio, √2:1, within rounding to millimetres. This ratio has the unique property that when cut or folded in half widthways, the halves also have the same aspect ratio. Each ISO paper size is one half of the area of the next larger size in the same series.
Wc (Unix)
wc (short for word count) is a command in Unix, Plan 9, Inferno, and operating systems that are Unix-like. The program reads either standard input or a list of computer files and generates one or more of the following statistics: newline count, word count, and byte count. If a list of files is provided, both individual file and total statistics follow.

Computer file
A computer file is a named collection of data treated as a unit by the system that manages it. Today, this system is called a file system. Many older computer systems lacked a distinct file system per se, yet a management feature is required in order to provide a file abstraction.

Files can be shared with and transferred between computers and mobile devices via removable media, networks, or the Internet.

Different types of computer files are designed for different purposes. A file may be designed to store a written message, a document, a spreadsheet, an image, a video, a program, or any wide variety of other kinds of data. Certain files can store multiple data types at once.

By using computer programs, a person can open, read, change, save, and close a computer file. Computer files may be reopened, modified, and copied an arbitrary number of times.
Bunte salt
In organosulfur chemistry, a Bunte salt is an archaic name for salts with the formula R−S−SO−3Na+. They are also called S-alkylthiosulfates or S-arylthiosulfates. These compounds are typically derived from alkylation on the pendant sulfur of sodium thiosulfate:

RX + Na2S2O3 → RS−SO−3Na+ + NaX

They have been used as intermediates in the synthesis of thiols. They are also used to generate unsymmetrical disulfides:

RS−SO−3Na+ + NaSR' → RS−SR' + Na2SO3

According to X-ray crystallography, they adopt the expected structure with tetrahedral sulfur(VI) atom, a sulfur-sulfur single bond, and three equivalent sulfur-oxygen bonds.

Alkylation
Alkylation is a chemical reaction that entails transfer of an alkyl group. The alkyl group may be transferred as an alkyl carbocation, a free radical, a carbanion, or a carbene (or their equivalents). Alkylating agents are reagents for effecting alkylation.  Alkyl groups can also be removed in a process known as dealkylation.  Alkylating agents are often classified according to their nucleophilic or electrophilic character. In oil refining contexts, alkylation refers to a particular alkylation of isobutane with olefins. For upgrading of petroleum, alkylation produces a premium blending stock for gasoline. In medicine, alkylation of DNA is used in chemotherapy to damage the DNA of cancer cells. Alkylation is accomplished with the class of drugs called alkylating antineoplastic agents.
Ebba Mærsk
Ebba Mærsk is a container ship owned by the Danish shipping company A. P. Moller-Maersk Group. She is the fifth of the Mærsk E-class, and at the time of delivery she and her seven sister ships were among the largest container ships ever built. She has a total TEU capacity of 11,000 TEU 14-ton containers by Mærsk definition; however, with standard ratings she can hold 14,770 containers. This rating goes by physical space rather than weight. Her beam is 56 m (184 ft), her length 397 m (1,302 ft), and she has a deadweight tonnage of 156,907.  In May 2010, she was reported with 15,011 TEU in Tangier, Morocco, the highest equivalent number of any vessel.

Deadweight tonnage
Deadweight tonnage (also known as deadweight; abbreviated to DWT, D.W.T., d.w.t., or dwt) or tons deadweight (DWT) is a measure of how much weight a ship can carry. It is the sum of the weights of cargo, fuel, fresh water, ballast water, provisions, passengers, and crew.

DWT is often used to specify a ship's maximum permissible deadweight (i.e. when it is fully loaded so that its Plimsoll line is at water level), although it may also denote the actual DWT of a ship not loaded to capacity.
2022 America East men's soccer tournament
The 2022 America East Conference men's soccer tournament was the postseason men's soccer tournament for the America East Conference held from November 5 through November 13, 2022. The five-match tournament took place at campus sites, with the higher seed hosting. The six-team single-elimination tournament consisted of three rounds based on seeding from regular season conference play. The defending champions were the Vermont Catamounts, who were unable to defend their title, losing in the Semifinals to Albany. New Hampshire went on to win the tournament after a 2–0 victory in the final over Albany.  It was the fourth victory for the New Hampshire Wildcats soccer program, all of which have come under Head Coach Marc Hubbard.  This was New Hampshire's fourth tournament victory in the last five years. As tournament champions, New Hampshire earned the America East's automatic berth into the 2022 NCAA Division I men's soccer tournament.

America East Conference
The America East Conference (AmEast) is a collegiate athletic conference affiliated with NCAA Division I whose members are located in the Northeastern United States. The conference is headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts.

Founded in 1979, the conference has nine core members including eight public research universities, three of which - the University of Maine, the University of New Hampshire, and the University of Vermont - are the flagship universities of their states. Two non-flagship university centers of the State University of New York - the University at Albany and Binghamton University - are in the conference along with UMass Lowell, New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT) and Bryant University.  Bryant is the latest institution to join the conference in 2022, when Stony Brook University and the University of Hartford departed the conference. It is the only private university among the core members.

The America East Conference sponsors 18 sports (8 men's and 10 women's).
2007 Havant Borough Council election
The 2007 Havant Borough Council election took place on 3 May 2007 to elect members of Havant Borough Council in Hampshire, England. One third of the council was up for election and the Conservative Party stayed in overall control of the council.

After the election, the composition of the council was:

Conservative 31

Labour 4

Liberal Democrats 3

Borough status in the United Kingdom
Borough status is granted by royal charter to local government districts in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. The status is purely honorary, and does not give any additional powers to the council or inhabitants of the district. In Scotland, similarly chartered communities were known as royal burghs, although the status is no longer granted.
Narambuenatitan
Narambuenatitan is a genus of lithostrotian titanosaur sauropod from late Cretaceous (lower-middle Campanian stage) deposits of northern Patagonia of Argentina. Narambuenatitan is known from the holotype MAU-Pv-N-425, an incomplete skeleton. It was collected in 2005 and 2006 from the Anacleto Formation (Neuquén Group) in northern Patagonia. It was first named by Leonardo S. Filippi, Rodolfo A. García and Alberto C. Garrido in 2011 and the type species Narambuenatitan palomoi. The generic name refers to Puesto Narambuena. The specific name honours the discoverer, Salvador Palomo.

Narmabuenatitan was assigned to the clade Lithostrotia in a trichotomy with Epachthosaurus and the more derived clade Eutitanosauria.

Campanian
The Campanian is the fifth of six ages of the Late Cretaceous epoch on the geologic timescale of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS). In chronostratigraphy, it is the fifth of six stages in the Upper Cretaceous Series. Campanian spans the time from 83.6 (± 0.2) to 72.2 (± 0.2) million years ago. It is preceded by the Santonian and it is followed by the Maastrichtian.

The Campanian was an age when a worldwide sea level rise covered many coastal areas. The morphology of some of these areas has been preserved: it is an unconformity beneath a cover of marine sedimentary rocks.
Reichenbach im Vogtland
Reichenbach im Vogtland (German pronunciation: [ˈʁaɪçn̩bax ʔɪm ˈfoːktlant], lit. 'Reichenbach in the Vogtland') is a town in the Vogtlandkreis district of Saxony in eastern Germany. With a population of 20,108, it is the second-largest town in the Vogtlandkreis after Plauen. It is located close to the A72 between Plauen (at c. 18 km) and Zwickau (at c. 19 km).

Bundesautobahn 72
Bundesautobahn 72 (translates from German as Federal Motorway 72, short form Autobahn 72, abbreviated as BAB 72 or A 72) is a motorway in Germany. The construction of the autobahn started in the 1930s, but was halted by the outbreak of World War II. Due to the division of Germany, a part of the autobahn lay in ruins until after German reunification.
Udaipur district
Udaipur district is one of the 50 districts of Rajasthan state in western India. The historic city of Udaipur is the administrative headquarters of the district. The district is part of the Mewar region of Rajasthan.

Rajasthani languages
The Rajasthani languages are a group of various languages derived from Western Indo-Aryan languages, primarily spoken in Rajasthan and Malwa, and adjacent areas of Haryana, Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh in India and Bahawalpur division of Pakistani Punjab and the adjacent areas of Sindh. They have also reached different corners of India, especially eastern and southern parts, due to the migrations of people of the Marwari community who use them for internal communication. Rajasthani languages are also spoken to a lesser extent in Nepal, where they are spoken by 25,394 people according to the 2011 Census of Nepal.

The term Rajasthani is also used to refer to a literary language mostly based on Marwari.: 441
The Fry Bread House
The Fry Bread House is a restaurant in Phoenix, Arizona, serving fry bread, a Native American dish of dough fried in lard, Crisco, or oil, which the restaurant serves with various toppings or fillings. Exact recipes and ingredients vary but those typical of frybread are flour, salt, and lard, reflecting the commodities doled out on the reservations by the U.S. federal government.

The Fry Bread House was opened in 1992 by Cecilia Miller, a member of the Tohono O'odham Nation of Native Americans. In 2012, it was recognized by the James Beard Foundation as an American Classic.  As of 2012 it was one of only five restaurants, and the first Native American restaurant, in the United States to win the James Beard American Classics award. Miller died in 2020 at age 81 and passed the restaurant to her children.

Lard
Lard is a semi-solid white fat product obtained by rendering the fatty tissue of a pig. It is distinguished from tallow, a  similar product derived from fat of cattle or sheep.

Lard can be rendered by steaming, boiling, or dry heat. The culinary qualities of lard vary somewhat depending on the origin and processing method; if properly rendered, it may be nearly odorless and tasteless.  It has a high saturated fatty acid content and no trans fat. At retail, refined lard is usually sold as paper-wrapped blocks.

Many cuisines use lard as a cooking fat or shortening, or as a spread in the same ways as butter. It is an ingredient in various savoury dishes such as sausages, pâtés, and fillings. As a replacement for butter, it provides flakiness to pastry. In western cuisine, it has ceded its popularity to vegetable oils, but many cooks and bakers still favor it over other fats for certain uses.
Teresa Sánchez López
Teresa Sánchez (born July 1, 1964 in Seville) is a Spanish model and beauty pageant titleholder who won the title of Miss National in the Miss Spain contest at 1984 and represented Spain at Miss Universe 1985 where she finished as 1st Runner-Up.

Miss Spain
The Miss Spain (Spanish: Miss España) is a national beauty pageant in Spain that selects Spanish representatives to compete in three of the big four major international beauty pageants: the Miss Universe, Miss World, and Miss International competitions.
John Horler
John Douglas Horler (born 26 February 1947) is an English jazz pianist. He is the younger brother of jazz musician David Horler and the uncle of Natalie Horler, lead singer in the band Cascada.

Horler was born in Lymington. He began on piano at age six, and learned jazz from his father, a trumpeter. He studied at the Royal Academy of Music (1963–67), then played with the big bands of Bobby Lamb, Ray Premru, BBC Radio, Dave Hancock, and Maynard Ferguson. He worked with Tommy Whittle for much of the 1970s, Tony Coe later in the decade, Ronnie Ross for several years in the 1980s, Peter King in the late 1980s and early 1990s, and Jimmy Hastings around the same time as King. He led small groups intermittently and accompanied John Dankworth and Kenny Wheeler on record.

Kenny Wheeler
Kenneth Vincent John Wheeler, OC (14 January 1930 – 18 September 2014) was a Canadian composer and trumpet and flugelhorn player, based in the U.K. from the 1950s onwards.

Most of his performances were rooted in jazz, but he was also active in free improvisation and occasionally contributed to rock music recordings. Wheeler wrote more than one hundred compositions and was a skilled arranger for small groups and large ensembles.

Wheeler was the patron of the Royal Academy Junior Jazz course.
1978 NCAA Division II men's ice hockey tournament
The 1978 NCAA Men's Division II Ice Hockey Tournament involved 4 schools playing in single-elimination play to determine the national champion of men's NCAA Division II college ice hockey.  A total of 4 games were played, hosted by American International College.

Merrimack, coached by Thom Lawler, won the national title with a 12–2 victory in the final game over Lake Forest.

Jim Toomey, of Merrimack, was named the Most Outstanding Player and was the high scorer of the tournament with seven points (1 goal, 6 assists).

Lake Forest College
Lake Forest College is a private liberal arts college in Lake Forest, Illinois, United States. Founded in 1857 as Lind University by a group of Presbyterian ministers, the college has been coeducational since 1876 and an undergraduate-focused liberal arts institution since 1903. Lake Forest enrolls approximately 1,800 students representing 43 states and 114 countries. Lake Forest offers 34 undergraduate majors and 49 minor programs in the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences, and features programs of study in pre-law, pre-medicine, communication, business, finance, and computer science. Most students live on the college's wooded 107-acre (43 ha) campus located 0.5 miles (0.80 km) from the Lake Michigan shore; however, the population of commuting students has increased in the past few years.

Lake Forest is affiliated with the Associated Colleges of the Midwest. The college has 23 varsity teams that compete in the NCAA Division III Midwest Conference.
Valarie
Valarie is a given name, similar to Valerie.

Valarie Allman (born 1995), American track and field athlete.

Valarie Hodges (born 1955), American businesswoman and politician.

Valarie Jenkins (born 1986), American disc golfer.

Valarie Kaur (born 1981), American civil rights activist, documentary filmmaker, lawyer, educator and faith leader.

Valarie Lawson (born 1966), American politician

Valarie Rae Miller (born 1974), American actress

Valarie Pettiford (born 1960), American stage and television actress, dancer, and jazz singer

Valarie Zeithaml, American marketing professor and author

Valarie Pettiford
Valarie Pettiford (born July 8, 1960) is an American stage and television actress, dancer, and jazz singer. She received a Tony Award nomination for her role in the broadway production Fosse. She is also known for her role as Deirdre "Big Dee Dee" LaFontaine Thorne on the UPN television sitcom Half & Half.
Helen Reichert
Helen "Happy" Reichert (November 11, 1901 – September 25, 2011) was an American talk show personality, New York University professor, founder of The Round Table of Fashion Executives, and the oldest living alumnus of Cornell University at the time of her death at age 109, just seven weeks before she would have become a supercentenarian.

Supercentenarian
A supercentenarian, sometimes hyphenated as super-centenarian, is a person who is 110 or older. This age is achieved by about one in 1,000 centenarians. Supercentenarians typically live a life free of significant age-related diseases until shortly before the maximum human lifespan is reached.
Bajo un mismo rostro (TV series)
Bajo un mismo rostro (English title: Single Identity) is a Mexican telenovela produced by Christian Bach and Humberto Zurita for Televisa in 1995.

Christian Bach, Alfredo Adame and Saúl Lisazo starred as protagonists, while Carlos Cámara, Roberto Blandón and Nuria Bages starred as antagonists.

Nuria Bages
Nuria Bages (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈnuɾja ˈβaxes] born Nuria Bages Romo on December 23, 1950) is a Mexican actress better known for her work in television and the stage.

Active in Mexican television since the early 1980s, Bages became a household name after winning the role of Silvina in the long-running sitcom Dr. Cándido Pérez, opposite Jorge Ortiz de Pinedo. With the married Pinedo she had long and tumultuous sentimental relationship that ended after the show went off the air.

In 1993, she resumed her career in telenovelas playing María Inés in Los parientes probres and has remained active since.