hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lawrence Richardson Jr.
Lawrence Richardson Jr. (December 2, 1920, in Altoona, Pennsylvania – July 21, 2013, in Durham, North Carolina) was an American classicist and ancient historian educated at Yale University who was a member of the faculty of classics at Duke University from 1966 to 1991. He was married to the classical archaeologist Emeline Hill Richardson. Richardson received numerous fellowships, including a Fulbright and a Guggenheim, and support from the American Council of Learned Societies. He was a Fellow of the American Academy in Rome (1950) and field director of the Academy's Cosa excavations (1952–1955). He was a resident of the American Academy in Rome (1979) and was its Mellon professor-in-charge of the School of Classical Studies (1981). In 2012 he was awarded the Gold Medal of the Archaeological Institute of America.

Richardson's research included interests in Roman domestic architecture, the sites of Pompeii and Cosa, and Roman wall painting.

American Council of Learned Societies
The American Council of Learned Societies (ACLS) is a private, nonprofit federation of 75 scholarly organizations in the humanities and related social sciences founded in 1919. It is best known for its fellowship competitions which provide a range of opportunities for scholars in the humanities and related social sciences at all career stages, from graduate students to distinguished professors to independent scholars, working with a number of disciplines and methodologies in the U.S. and abroad.
Second Battle of Pocotaligo
The Second Battle of Pocotaligo, or Battle of Pocotaligo Bridge, or Battle of Yemassee, often referred to as simply the Battle of Pocotaligo, took place during the American Civil War on October 22, 1862 near Yemassee, South Carolina.

The primary Union objective was to sever the Charleston and Savannah Railroad in order to isolate Charleston, South Carolina and disrupt the transportation of Confederate troops and supplies to, from and through the state.

Unadilla-class gunboat
The Unadilla class was a class of gunboat built for the Union Navy at the outbreak of the American Civil War. Ships of the class were also known as "90-day gunboats" due to their rapid construction. The class was designed to be fully oceangoing while having a light enough draft to be able to operate close inshore, for blockade duty or other operations in shallow waters.

Unadilla-class gunboats took part in many coastal and river operations, most notably as the bulk of the fleet which captured the vital Confederate port of New Orleans in April 1862. As blockade ships, the 23 vessels of the class captured or destroyed no fewer than 146 enemy blockade runners during the war— about 10 percent of the total number of Confederate blockade runners so neutralized.

The Unadilla class was sold off quickly by the Navy at the end of the war, most of them going into merchant service. Little is known about their subsequent careers.
Down to Earth (soundtrack)
Down to Earth: Music From the Motion Picture is the soundtrack to Paul and Chris Weitz's 2001 film Down to Earth. It was released on February 13, 2001 through Epic/Sony Music Soundtrax. It consisted of a blend of hip hop and contemporary R&B music. The soundtrack was a minor success, peaking at #71 on the Billboard 200 and #34 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums, and spawned two promotional singles: Ruff Endz's "Someone to Love You" which peaked at #49 on the Billboard Hot 100 and Monica's "Just Another Girl" which peaked at #64 on the same chart.

Down to Earth (2001 film)
Down to Earth is a 2001 American fantasy comedy film directed by Chris and Paul Weitz and written by Chris Rock, Lance Crouther, Ali LeRoi and Louis C.K. It is a remake of the 1978 film Heaven Can Wait, which is based on the 1938 stage play of the same name by Harry Segall. The film stars Chris Rock as Lance Barton, a comedian who is killed before his time on Earth is through. He is given another chance to continue his life, but in the body of a rich middle-aged white man.

The film was released on 16 February 2001 by Paramount Pictures. It received generally negative reviews from critics and grossed about $71 million worldwide.
Bonding molecular orbital
In theoretical chemistry, the bonding orbital is used in molecular orbital (MO) theory to describe the attractive interactions between the atomic orbitals of two or more atoms in a molecule. In MO theory, electrons are portrayed to move in waves. When more than one of these waves come close together, the in-phase combination of these waves produces an interaction that leads to a species that is greatly stabilized. The result of the waves' constructive interference causes the density of the electrons to be found within the binding region, creating a stable bond between the two species.

Wave interference
In physics, interference is a phenomenon in which two coherent waves are combined by adding their intensities or displacements with due consideration for their phase difference. The resultant wave may have greater amplitude (constructive interference) or lower amplitude (destructive interference) if the two waves are in phase or out of phase, respectively.
Interference effects can be observed with all types of waves, for example, light, radio, acoustic, surface water waves, gravity waves, or matter waves as well as in loudspeakers as electrical waves.
Éva Balla‑Falus
Éva Balla‑Falus (née Éva Balla; Hungarian: Balla Éva; 18 February 1913 – 27 March 1966) was a Hungarian–French graphic artist, painter, fashion designer, puppet designer, and animated film director.

She was instrumental in the founding and development of Hungarian puppet animation between 1948 and 1956, with her work rediscovered in 2024 after decades in obscurity.

Graphic designer
A graphic designer is a practitioner who follows the discipline of graphic design, either within companies or organizations or independently. They are professionals in design and visual communication, with their primary focus on transforming linguistic messages into graphic manifestations, whether tangible or intangible. They are responsible for planning, designing, projecting, and conveying messages or ideas through visual communication. Graphic design is one of the most in-demand professions with significant job opportunities, as it allows leveraging technological advancements and working online from anywhere in the world.
Philoliche
Philoliche is a genus of long-tongued horse-flies found in the Old World. It is placed in the tribe Philolichini. The clade is thought to have originated about 40 million years ago and the 120 or more species are thought to have originated in Africa and expanded into Asia. The plants that they pollinate tend to have elongate corolla tubes.

The species Philoliche longirostris is noted for having the longest extension of the labium, used by males and females to obtain nectar. Females obtain blood from vertebrates using the shorter feeding tube (or syntrophium) that is hidden at the base of the labium.

Ernest Edward Austen
Ernest Edward Austen DSO (1867 in London – 16 January 1938) was an English entomologist specialising in Diptera and Hymenoptera.

His collection of Amazonian and Sierra Leonian insects is in the Natural History Museum, London.

He wrote Illustrations of British Blood-Sucking Flies (1906) illustrated by Amedeo John Engel Terzi.

Austen was a frequent correspondent of Ethel Katharine Pearce, dipterologist, daughter of Thomas and granddaughter of Charles Henry Blake.
2014 Girls' U16 South American Volleyball Championship
The 2014 Girls' U16 South American Volleyball Championship was the 3rd edition of the tournament, organised by South America's governing volleyball body, the Confederación Sudamericana de Voleibol (CSV). Held in Chosica, Lima, Peru from November 6 to 9, 2014.

Lurigancho-Chosica
Lurigancho is a district of Lima, Peru. It is located in the valley of the Rímac River, which it shares with neighboring Chaclacayo and Ate districts. Its capital is the town of Chosica, located 861 m (2,825 ft) above sea level.
Beloye, Adygea
Beloye (Russian: Белое; Adyghe: Бгъошэхьабл) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Beloselskoye Rural Settlement of Krasnogvardeysky District, Adygea, Russia. The population was 3088 as of 2018. There are 31 streets.

Adygea
Adygea (/ˌɑːdɪˈɡeɪə/ AH-dig-AY-ə), officially the Republic of Adygea or the Adygean Republic, is a republic of Russia. It is situated in the North Caucasus of Eastern Europe. The republic is a part of the Southern Federal District, and covers an area of 7,600 square kilometers (2,900 sq mi), with a population of roughly 500,731 residents  as at 2025. It is an enclave within Krasnodar Krai and is the fifth-smallest Russian federal subject by area. Maykop is the capital and the largest city of Adygea, home to one-third of the republic's population.

Adygea is one of Russia's ethnic republics, primarily representing the indigenous Circassian people who form 25% of the Republic's population, while Russians form a majority at 60%, and with minority populations of Armenians and Ukrainians. The official languages of Adygea are Adyghe and Russian.
Heterocrossa maculosa
Heterocrossa maculosa is a species of moth in the family Carposinidae. It is endemic to New Zealand and has been found in the southern half of the South Island. Larvae feed on Hoheria angustifolia and Plagianthus regius. Adults are on the wing from November to January. This species is classified as "Data Deficient" by the Department of Conservation.

Department of Conservation (New Zealand)
The Department of Conservation (DOC; Māori: Te Papa Atawhai) is the public service department of New Zealand charged with the conservation of New Zealand's natural and historical heritage.

An advisory body, the New Zealand Conservation Authority (NZCA) is provided to advise DOC and its ministers.  In addition there are 15 conservation boards for different areas around the country that provide for interaction between DOC and the public.
Garuda Dempo LRT station
Garuda Dempo Station (formerly Polda Station) is a station of the Palembang Light Rail Transit Line 1 in South Sumatra, Indonesia. The station is located between RSUD station and Demang station.

The station is the last station to be opened to the public after the supporting infrastructure is completed.

Tram stop
A tram stop, tram station, streetcar stop, or light rail station is a place designated for a tram, streetcar, or light rail vehicle to stop so passengers can board or alight it. Generally, tram stops share most characteristics of bus stops, but because trams operate on rails, they often include railway platforms, especially if stepless entries are provided for accessibility. However, trams may also be used with bus stop type flags and with mid-street pavements as platforms, in street running mode.
Michael Foot memorial
A memorial to Michael Foot is situated in Freedom Fields Park in Plymouth, Devon. Foot was born in Plymouth, and served as Member of Parliament for Plymouth Devonport between 1945 and 1955. The memorial stands opposite the house where Foot was born.

The memorial consists of three granite blocks, a central tall block is marked with "Michael Mackintosh Foot 1913–2010", with two smaller blocks that can be used as seats. The three blocks are carved with the words "orator", "democratic socialist" and "journalist". The memorial cost £50,000 to erect and was paid for with fundraising from public donations.

The memorial was vandalised with Nazi iconography in the wake of the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum in July 2016 - Foot had been one of the leaders of the campaign to leave the Union in the referendum held in 1975.

1955 United Kingdom general election
A general election was held in the United Kingdom on Thursday 26 May 1955. It was a snap election: Anthony Eden called the election after succeeding Churchill in April 1955 to secure a mandate. The government won a 60-seat majority, achieving the highest post-war party vote share. It was the first election under Queen Elizabeth II.
Civic heraldry
Civic heraldry is heraldry used by municipalities.

Cities, towns, boroughs and other civic bodies often use heraldic arms as symbols for themselves and their authority. The traditions differ somewhat from one country to the other, but some similarities can be seen which distinguish all civic heraldry from state or personal heraldry. The most prominent common element is the mural crown, which is used as a sign for a city and its authority in many countries.

Coat of arms of the city of Mouscron, recognised in 1991 by the Council of Heraldry and Vexillology.

Coat of arms of Bratislava, Slovakia adopted in 1436.

The coat of arms of the municipality of Uccle.

Uccle
Uccle (French, pronounced [ykl(ə)] ⓘ) or Ukkel (Dutch, pronounced [ˈʏkəl] ⓘ) is one of the 19 municipalities of the Brussels-Capital Region, Belgium. Located in the southern part of the region, it is bordered by the City of Brussels, Forest, Ixelles, and Watermael-Boitsfort, as well as the Flemish municipalities of Drogenbos, Linkebeek and Sint-Genesius-Rode. In common with all of Brussels' municipalities, it is legally bilingual (French–Dutch).

As of 1 January 2022, the municipality had a population of 85,099 inhabitants. The total area is 22.87 km2 (8.83 sq mi), which gives a population density of 3,720/km2 (9,600/sq mi), half the average of Brussels. It is generally considered an affluent area of the region, and is particularly noted for its community of French immigrants.
FCM Târgoviște
Fotbal Club Municipal Târgoviște (Romanian pronunciation: [tɨrˈɡoviʃte]), commonly known as FCM Târgoviște, was a Romanian football team based in Târgoviște, Dâmbovița County, founded in 1948 and disbanded in 2018.

Known under several names throughout its history — Metalul (1948–1954 and 1957–1972), Flacăra (1955), Energia (1956), CS Târgoviște (1972–1994), Oțelul (1994–1996), and Chindia (1996–2003) — the club made nine appearances in Divizia A, the top flight of the Romanian football, between 1961 and 1998, achieving its best result in the 1978–79 season with a 7th-place finish.

The fate of the team became troubled in the 2010s; firstly, Târgoviște was dissolved in 2015, then refounded and enrolled in the sixth division the following year. In 2018, owner Ghiorghi Zotic announced he would cease operations of the men’s team to focus exclusively on the women’s squad.

Football in Romania
Football is the most popular sport in Romania. Approximately half of the Romanians are considered association football fans. The Romanian Football Federation (Romanian: Federaţia Română de Fotbal or FRF), a member of UEFA, is the sport's national governing body.
DRB-Hicom F.C.
DRB-HICOM Football Club is a Malaysian football club. They played in the Malaysia Premier League from 2010 to 2016. DRB-HICOM FC as reserve team remained competing in the Kuala Lumpur Football Association (KLFA) League, where they have played since 2014. This team is mostly composed of employees of DRB-HICOM Group of Companies.

The club is commonly known as The Great Bees (D'GreatBees), and previously used the 3,000 capacity Proton City Stadium in Tanjung Malim as their official home ground. However, since it now plays in the Klang Valley, DRB-HICOM FC is now based in Glenmarie, Shah Alam.

Kuala Lumpur Football Association
Kuala Lumpur Football Association, also known as Kuala Lumpur FA or simply KLFA (Malay: Persatuan Bola Sepak Kuala Lumpur), is a state football association that supervises the football activities in the Federal Territory of Malaysia of Kuala Lumpur. The association was formed in 1975.
Anstruther Lake
Anstruther Lake is a lake in the municipality of North Kawartha, Peterborough County in Central Ontario, Canada, between the community of Apsley on Ontario Highway 28 8.5 kilometres (5.3 mi) to the east and the community of Catchacoma on County Road 507 8.5 kilometres (5.3 mi) to the west. Kawartha Highlands Provincial Park encompasses the lake, and the community of Anstruther Lake is on the southern shore. The lake flows out via Anstruther Creek, and the Mississaugua, Otonabee and Trent rivers into Lake Ontario.

Otonabee River
The Otonabee River is a river in Peterborough County in Central Ontario, Canada. The river flows from Katchewanooka Lake, at the north end of the community of Lakefield, through the city of Peterborough to Rice Lake. It is in the Great Lakes Basin and forms part of the Trent-Severn Waterway.
Bad Dürrenberg
Bad Dürrenberg is a spa town in the Saalekreis district, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It is situated on the river Saale, approx. 8 km southeast of Merseburg. It is known for its historic graduation tower (for extracting salt from brine), the largest one in Germany.

Weißenfels
Weißenfels (German pronunciation: [ˈvaɪsn̩ˌfɛls] ⓘ; often written in English as Weissenfels) is the largest town of the Burgenlandkreis district, in southern Saxony-Anhalt, central Germany. It is situated on the river Saale, approximately 30 km (20 mi) south of Halle.
Monument Creek (Fountain Creek tributary)
Monument Creek is an El Paso County, Colorado, stream on the Arkansas River water basin. It flows south from Mount Deception through Pikeview and Monument, and into Colorado Springs, where it meets up with Fountain Creek. It is 27.2 miles (43.8 km) from its northernmost boundary with National Forest Lands to its confluence with Fountain Creek near the intersection of Interstate 25 and U.S. Route 24.

Interstate 25 in Colorado
In the US state of Colorado, Interstate 25 (I-25) follows the north–south corridor through Colorado Springs and Denver. The highway enters the state from the north near Carr and exits the state near Starkville. The highway also runs through the cities of Fort Collins, Broomfield, Loveland, and Pueblo. The route is concurrent with U.S. Route 87 (US 87), which is unsigned, through the entire length of the state. I-25 replaced US 87 and most of US 85 for through traffic.

Historical nicknames for this route have included the Valley Highway (through Denver), Monument Valley Highway (through Colorado Springs), and the Pueblo Freeway (through Pueblo). Within El Paso County, the route has been dedicated as the Ronald Reagan Highway. In Pueblo County, the route is called John F. Kennedy Memorial Highway.

I-25 is also considered to be part of the unofficial Pan-American Highway.
Y: A Musical Cabaret
Y: A Musical Cabaret was a musical review starring quick-change artist Arturo Brachetti which ran at the Piccadilly Theatre from 27 June 1983 to 28 July 1984. The show was set in the style of a Paris cabaret complete with topless dancers (female and male), illusion, visual effects, dancing and song.

Arturo Brachetti
Arturo Brachetti (Italian pronunciation: [arˈtuːro braˈketti]; born 13 October 1957) is an Italian quick-change artist considered the best quick change performer in the world. In the Guinness Book of Records, he is described as the quickest and most prolific quick-change artist in the world.
Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews
Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews (titled Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews before 2008) was a peer reviewed quarterly review journal published by John Wiley and Sons since 1995. It addresses itself to "neuroscientists, geneticists, neurodevelopmental pediatricians, and behavioral scientists interested in clinical or basic science research in aspects of brain development and function." It ceased publication in 2014.

The review is abstracted in the major relevant indices, including Medline and ERIC.

MEDLINE
MEDLINE (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, or MEDLARS Online) is a bibliographic database of life sciences and biomedical information. It includes bibliographic information for articles from academic journals covering medicine, nursing, pharmacy, dentistry, veterinary medicine, and health care. MEDLINE also covers much of the literature in biology and biochemistry, as well as fields such as molecular evolution.

Compiled by the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), MEDLINE is freely available on the Internet and searchable via PubMed and NLM's National Center for Biotechnology Information's Entrez system.
Zhu Mile
Zhu Mile is a former Chinese female short track speed skater. She is a World champion and a World silver medallist, four-time silver medallist of the World Team Championships, champion and a bronze medallist of the 2007 Asian Winter Games as well as champion and multiple medallist of the Winter Universiade. She was a reserve athlete in the Chinese team at the 2006 Winter Olympics.

During her World Cup career, Zhu Mi Lei achieved four relay victories, five personal and four relay silver podiums as well as two personal bronze podiums. Her first personal World Cup podium was during the 2003–04 season when she finished second in 500 m in Calgary. Her last personal podium was during the 2006–07 season.

Short-track speed skating
Short-track speed skating is a form of competitive ice speed skating. In competitions, multiple skaters (typically between four and six) skate on an oval ice track with a length of 111.12 metres (364.57 ft). The rink itself is 60 metres (196.85 ft) long by 30 metres (98.43 ft) wide, which is the same size as an Olympic-sized figure skating rink and an international-sized ice hockey rink. Related sports include long-track speed skating and inline speed skating.
Economy of Karachi
Karachi is the financial and industrial capital of Pakistan. As of 2019, Karachi has an estimated GDP (PPP) of $164 billion. The city accounts about half of the total collections of the Federal Board of Revenue, out of which, approximately half are customs duty and sales tax on imports. Karachi produces about 30 percent of value added in large-scale manufacturing, 25% of the GDP, the World Bank identified Karachi as the most business-friendly city in Pakistan. In 2010, research by the global human resources company Mercer found Karachi to be the most inexpensive city in the
world.

Sales tax
A sales tax is a tax paid to a governing body for the sales of certain goods and services. Usually laws allow the seller to collect funds for the tax from the consumer at the point of purchase.

When a tax on goods or services is paid to a governing body directly by a consumer, it is usually called a use tax. Often laws provide for the exemption of certain goods or services from sales and use tax, such as food, education, and medicines. A value-added tax (VAT) collected on goods and services is related to a sales tax. See Comparison with sales tax for key differences.
Worshipful Company of Grocers
The Worshipful Company of Grocers is one of the 111 livery companies of the City of London. Established in 1345 for wholesalers who dealt in "grosses", it is one of the Great Twelve City Livery Companies, ranking second in the order of precedence after the Mercers. The Company's motto is "God Grant Grace".

The Grocers' Company continues as a charitable, constitutional and ceremonial institution which plays a significant role in the election of and supporting the Lord Mayor and the Sheriffs of the City of London.

The Company provides banqueting and conference facilities at Grocers' Hall situated in Prince's Street, next to the Bank of England.

Banquet
A banquet (/ˈbæŋkwɪt/; French: [bɑ̃kɛ]) is a formal large meal where a number of people consume food together. Banquets are traditionally held to enhance the prestige of a host, or reinforce social bonds among joint contributors. Modern examples of these purposes include a charitable gathering, a ceremony, or a celebration. They often involve speeches in honor of the topic or guest of honour.

The older English term for a lavish meal was feast, and "banquet" originally meant a specific and different kind of meal, often following a feast, but in a different room or even building, which concentrated on sweet foods of various kinds.  These became highly fashionable as sugar became much more common in Europe at the start of the 16th century.  It was a grand form of the dessert course, and special banqueting houses, often on the roof or in the grounds of large houses, were built for them.  Such meals are also called a "sugar collation".