hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Surkhab II
Surkhab II (Persian:سهراب دوم) was the fourth ruler of the Bavand dynasty from 755 to 772.

In 760, his overlords, the Dabuyids, under Khurshid of Tabaristan, revolted against the Abbasid Caliphate. Khurshid, was, however, defeated, and fled to Daylam, where he made a counterattack against the Abbasids, but was once again defeated.

After learning that his family was captured by the Abbasids, Khurshid poisoned himself. This marked the end of the Dabuyid dynasty; however, other dynasties such as the Bavandids, Karenids and Zarmihrids, all formerly subject to the Dabuyids, continued to control parts of Tabaristan as tributary vassals of the Abbasid government.

Surkhab II died in 772, and was succeeded by his son Sharwin I, who would later, along with the rulers of Tabaristan, revolt against the Abbasids and massacre Muslims in Tabaristan.

Daylam
Daylam (Persian: دیلم), also known in the plural form Daylaman (دیلمان) (and variants such as Dailam, Deylam, and Deilam), was the name of a mountainous region of inland Gilan, Iran. It was so named for its inhabitants, known as the Daylamites.

The Church of the East established a metropolitan diocese for Daylam and Gilan around 790 under Shubhalisho.
2019 CONCACAF Gold Cup
The 2019 CONCACAF Gold Cup was the 15th edition of the CONCACAF Gold Cup, the biennial international men's soccer championship of the North, Central American, and Caribbean region organized by CONCACAF. The tournament was primarily hosted in the United States, with Costa Rica and Jamaica hosting double-headers in the first round of matches in groups B and C, respectively.

The United States were the defending champions, having won the 2017 tournament. With the abolition of the FIFA Confederations Cup, the CONCACAF Cup was annulled and the Gold Cup did not qualify the winner to a major tournament for the first time since 2009.

In February 2018, CONCACAF announced that the tournament would expand to 16 teams from 12.

Mexico won their record-extending eighth Gold Cup title (their eleventh CONCACAF championship overall) with their 1–0 victory over the United States in the final.

FIFA Confederations Cup
The FIFA Confederations Cup was an international association football tournament for men's national teams, held every four years by FIFA. It was contested by the holders of each of the six continental championships (AFC, CAF, CONCACAF, CONMEBOL, OFC, and UEFA), along with the current FIFA World Cup holder and the host nation, to bring the number of teams up to eight.

Between 2001 and 2017 (with an exception in 2003), the tournament was held in the country that would host the World Cup the following year, acting as a test event for the larger tournament.

The last champions were Germany, who won the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup by defeating Chile 1–0 in the final to win their first title.

In March 2019, FIFA confirmed that the tournament would no longer be staged, with its slot replaced by an expansion of the FIFA Club World Cup, as well as the 2021 FIFA Arab Cup, as a prelude to the 2022 FIFA World Cup.
York University v Canadian Copyright Licensing Agency (Access Copyright)
York University v Canadian Copyright Licensing Agency (Access Copyright),  2021 SCC 32 is a major decision of the Supreme Court of Canada in the matters of the effectiveness of copyright collectives and of fair dealing in Canadian copyright law.

Copyright law of Canada
The copyright law of Canada governs the legally enforceable rights to creative and artistic works under the laws of Canada. Canada passed its first colonial copyright statute in 1832 but was subject to imperial copyright law established by Britain until 1921. Current copyright law was established by the Copyright Act of Canada which was first passed in 1921 and substantially amended in 1988, 1997, and 2012. All powers to legislate copyright law are in the jurisdiction of the Parliament of Canada by virtue of section 91(23) of the Constitution Act, 1867.
Charles Oaks Ermatinger
Charles Oaks (Oakes) Ermatinger (February 5, 1851 – December 16, 1921) was an Ontario lawyer, judge and political figure. He represented Elgin East in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1883 to 1886 as a Conservative member.

He was born in St. Thomas, Canada West, in 1851, the son of Edward Ermatinger and the grandson of Zacheus Burnham. He articled in law with H.F. Ellis and D.B. Read, was called to the bar in 1873 and set up practice at St. Thomas. He served on the town council. In 1876, he married Charlotte, the widow of Arthur Dickson and daughter of Hugh Richardson. In 1885, he was named Queen's Counsel. Ermatinger ran unsuccessfully for the same seat in the House of Commons in 1887. In 1890, he was appointed Junior Judge for Elgin County.

Ermatinger published an edition of The Talbot regime : or, The first half century of the Talbot settlement, originally published by his father.

Elgin East (federal electoral district)
Elgin East was a federal electoral district represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1867 to 1925. It was located in the province of Ontario. It was created by the British North America Act 1867 which divided the county of Elgin into two ridings: Elgin East and Elgin West based on a traditional division.

In 1882, the East Riding of the county of Elgin was defined as consisting of the townships of Yarmouth, Malahide and Bayham, the villages of Port Stanley, Aylmer and Vienna, and the city of St. Thomas.

In 1903, the riding was redefined to exclude the township of Malahide and the city of St. Thomas, and to include the townships of Dorchester South and Malahide, and the village of Springfield.

The electoral district was abolished in 1924 when it was redistributed between Elgin West and Norfolk—Elgin ridings.
Scrobipalpa traganella
Scrobipalpa traganella is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Pierre Chrétien in 1915. It is found in France, Spain and Portugal, as well as on the Canary Islands and Malta. It was originally described from northern Africa, where it has been recorded from Algeria and Tunisia. It is also present in the Middle East and Pakistan.

Larva on Bassia muricatus, Caroxylon vermiculatum and Traganum species.

Traganum
Traganum is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Amaranthaceae.

Its native range is Macaronesia to Arabian Peninsula and Iraq.

Species:

Traganum moquinii Webb ex Moq.

Traganum nudatum Delile
Vasyugan
The Vasyugan (Russian: Васюга́н) is a river in the southern West Siberian Plain of Russia, a left tributary of the Ob. Its course from its source in the Vasyugan Swamp is entirely within the Kargasok district of Tomsk Oblast.

Kargasoksky District
Kargasoksky District  (Russian: Каргасо́кский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the sixteen in Tomsk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the oblast's northern, western, and southwestern parts. The area of the district is 86,900 square kilometers (33,600 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Kargasok. Population: 21,814 (2010 Census);  24,756 (2002 Census); 28,651 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Kargasok accounts for 37.3% of the district's total population.
Tony Mason (co-driver)
Tony Mason  is a British former rally co-driver and television presenter. In 1972, he navigated Roger Clark to victory in the RAC Rally and the team also finished second in the event twice in 1974 and 1975, the only British crew to do so in a period spanning 35 years. He has also competed as a driver himself, and was recently co-driver for Finnish driver Hannu Mikkola with whom he competed for Ford in a recent Classic Rally in New Zealand.

Hannu Mikkola
Hannu Olavi Mikkola (24 May 1942 − 25 February 2021) was a Finnish champion world rally driver. He was a seven-time winner of the 1000 Lakes Rally in Finland and won the RAC Rally in Great Britain four times.
Project 18-class destroyer
The Next Generation Destroyers (NGD), also referred to as Project-18 destroyer (P-18), are a class of planned stealth guided-missile destroyers to be built for the Indian Navy (IN). The class will be a follow-on for Visakhapatnam-class destroyer which is in service. The class is a part of Next Generation series of future frontline surface combatants of the Indian Navy which includes the Project 17B-class frigate or Next Generation Frigates (NGF) and the Next Generation Corvettes (NGC).

SMART (missile)
SMART (supersonic missile assisted release of torpedo) is a canister-based, long-range supersonic anti-submarine missile developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) for the Indian Navy.
Anna-Karin Strömstedt
Anna-Karin Strömstedt Olsson (born 1 January 1981, in Mora, Dalarna) is a retired Swedish cross-country skier and biathlete who has competed since 1998. Her lone World Cup victory was in a 4 × 5 km relay event in Switzerland in 2007.

At the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Strömstedt Olsson finished fourth in the 4 × 5 km relay, 30th in the 30 km, and 47th in the 7.5 km + 7.5 km double pursuit events. At the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2007 in Sapporo, she finished 40th in the 7.5 km + 7.5 km double pursuit event and did not finish the 30 km event.

Cross-country skiing at the 2006 Winter Olympics – Women's 4 × 5 kilometre relay
The Women's 4 × 5 kilometre relay cross-country skiing competition at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy was held on 18 February, at Pragelato.

Vibeke Skofterud, Hilde Gjermundshaug Pedersen, Kristin Størmer Steira and Marit Bjørgen of Norway were the defending World Champions, but finished third at a pre-Olympic World Cup event in Val di Fiemme, where a team representing Finland won. Germany were defending Olympic champions, with Claudia Künzel, Manuela Henkel, Viola Bauer and Evi Sachenbacher.
USS League Island
USS League Island is a name used more than once by the U.S. Navy:

USS League Island (YFB-20), was built in April 1907 by Neafie & Levy S. and E. B. Co., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

USS League Island (AG-149) was originally LST-1097 launched 16 January 1945.

USS League Island (YFB-20)
USS League Island (YFB-20) was a 166-foot-long commercial craft acquired by the U.S. Navy during World War II. It was primarily used as a ferryboat on the Delaware River, transporting military personnel between the Philadelphia Navy Yard, located on League Island, and military activities and contractors on the New Jersey side of the river.
Richdale
Richdale is a hamlet in east-central Alberta, Canada within Special Area No. 2. It is located on Highway 9 approximately  24 kilometres (15 mi) east of the Town of Hanna, 29 kilometres (18 mi) west of the Village of Youngstown and 130 kilometres (81 mi) north of the City of Brooks. Previously an incorporated community, Richdale was incorporated as a village in 1916, it was dissolved from village status on June 2, 1931.

Central Alberta
Central Alberta is a region located in the Canadian province of Alberta.

Central Alberta is the most densely populated rural area in the province. Agriculture and energy are important to the area's economy.
2013 Gibraltar by-election
A by-election was held to the Gibraltar Parliament on 4 July 2013 to fill the seat left vacant by the death of Housing Minister Charles Bruzon in April 2013. The Gibraltar Socialist Labour Party (GSLP), Gibraltar Social Democrats (GSD), Progressive Democratic Party (PDP) and an independent contested the by-election. The Liberal Party of Gibraltar who is in alliance and in Government with the GSLP backed the GSLP's candidate.

The Gibraltar Broadcasting Corporation's pre-election poll gave the GSLP's candidate Albert Isola an advantage of almost 5% over the GSD's Marlene Hassan-Nahon. It was also the last elections that the Progressive Democratic Party had taken part before their disbandment over a month later that same year.

Charles Bruzon
Charles Arthur Bruzon (10 June 1938 – 16 April 2013) was a Gibraltarian politician and former Roman Catholic priest. He was affiliated with the Gibraltar Socialist Labour Party (GSLP). In the general elections of 2011, he was elected to the Gibraltar Parliament and appointed Minister for Housing and the Elderly.
Vitrinidae
Vitrinidae is a family of small, air-breathing land snails and semi-slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Limacoidea (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).

Terrestrial mollusc
Terrestrial molluscs or land molluscs (mollusks) are an ecological group that includes all molluscs that live on land in contrast to freshwater and marine molluscs. They probably first occurred in the Carboniferous, arising from freshwater ones.
Khunzakh
Khunzakh (Avar: Хунзахъ, pronounced [ˈχun.zäqχː], Russian: Хунзах) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Khunzakhsky District in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia, located in the North Caucasus mountains 1,600 meters (5,200 ft) above sea level. Population:  4,245 (2010 Census); 3,694 (2002 Census); 2,901 (1989 Soviet census).

Avar Khanate
and for the Ethnic Group, go to Avars.

The Avar Khanate, the Avar Nutsaldom (Avar: Avar Nutsallhi; Russian: Аварское ханство), also known as Khundzia or Avaria, was a long-lived Avar state, which controlled mountainous parts of Dagestan (in the North Caucasus) from the early 13th century to the 19th century.
Ismaël N'Diaye
Ismaël N'Diaye (born 20 April 1982) is an Ivorian basketball player formerly at Florida International University in Miami. He is originally from Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. A 6-foot-5.5-inches and 190 lbs small forward, N'Diaye played one year of college basketball at the University of Miami before transferring to Los Angeles City College for one year and Florida International University for his final two years of eligibility.  His best season was the 2004-05 season at Florida International, in which he averaged 13.4 points per game for the Golden Panthers.

N'Diaye is a longtime member and captain of the Côte d'Ivoire national basketball team and helped the team to a surprise silver medal at the 2009 African Championship.  He also participated with the team at the 2007 FIBA Africa Championship.

Los Angeles City College
Los Angeles City College (LACC) is a public community college in East Hollywood, California. A part of the Los Angeles Community College District, it is located on Vermont Avenue south of Santa Monica Boulevard on the former campus of the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). From 1947 to 1955, the college shared its campus with California State University, Los Angeles (Cal State LA), then known as Los Angeles State College of Applied Arts and Sciences (LASCAAS), before the university moved to its present campus of 175 acres (71 ha) in the northeastern section of the City of Los Angeles, 5 miles (8 km) east of the Civic Center.
Mick Bremner
Selwyn George "Mick" Bremner (born 2 August 1930) is a former New Zealand rugby union player. A first and second five-eighth, Bremner represented Auckland, Wellington, Manawatu, and Canterbury at a provincial level. He was a member of the New Zealand national side, the All Blacks, in 1952, 1956 and 1960. In 1952, he appeared in a single international, the second test against the touring Australians. Four years later, he made another test appearance, in the second-test loss to the touring Springboks. Bremner's third stint in the All Blacks was as a member of the touring party for the 1960 tour of Australia and South Africa. On that tour, he played 16 games, including six as captain, but did not appear in any of the test matches. He did not score any points in his 18 matches for the All Blacks.

Bremner went on to serve a term as president of the Wellington Rugby Football Union.

Canterbury (National Provincial Championship)
Canterbury are a New Zealand professional rugby union team based in Canterbury, New Zealand. The union was originally established in 1879, with the National Provincial Championship established in 1976. They now play in the reformed National Provincial Championship competition. They play their home games at Apollo Projects Stadium in Christchurch in the Canterbury region. The team is affiliated with the Crusaders Super Rugby franchise. Their home playing colours are black and red.
Lomatium grayi
Lomatium grayi, commonly known as Gray's biscuitroot, Gray's desert parsley, or pungent desert parsley, is a perennial herb of the family Apiaceae. It is native to Western Canada in British Columbia, and the Western United States, including from the Eastern Cascades and northeastern California to the Rocky Mountains.

It is a perennial herb found growing in dry rocky banks and slopes. It grows throughout the sagebrush steppe and also in pinyon–juniper woodland. It has a lifespan of 5–7 years.

Apiaceae
Apiaceae (/ˌeɪpiˈeɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/ ⓘ), also called Umbelliferae, is a family of mostly aromatic flowering plants named after the type genus Apium, and commonly known as the celery, carrot, or parsley family, or simply as umbellifers. It is the 16th-largest family of flowering plants, with more than 3,800 species in about 446 genera, including such well-known, and economically important plants as ajwain, angelica, anise, asafoetida, caraway, carrot, celery, chervil, coriander, cumin, dill, fennel, lovage, cow parsley, parsley, parsnip and sea holly, as well as silphium, a plant whose exact identity is unclear and which may be extinct.

The family Apiaceae includes a significant number of phototoxic species, such as giant hogweed, and a smaller number of highly poisonous species, such as poison hemlock, water hemlock, spotted cowbane, fool's parsley, and various species of water dropwort.
Anders Sandvig
Anders Sandvig (11 May 1862 – 11 February 1950) was a Norwegian dentist most noted for having founded Maihaugen, an innovative regional ethnological and architectural museum in Lillehammer Municipality, documenting the vernacular architecture of Gudbrandsdalen.

Ethnology
Ethnology (from the Ancient Greek: ἔθνος, ethnos meaning 'nation') is an academic field and discipline that compares and analyzes the characteristics of different peoples and the relationships between them (compare cultural, social, or sociocultural anthropology).
Organ Needle
Organ Needle is the highest point of the Organ Mountains in the south-central part of the U.S. state of New Mexico. It lies in Doña Ana County, 13 miles (20,921 m) east-northeast of Las Cruces and 4 miles (6 km) southwest of White Sands, headquarters of the White Sands Missile Range. It is at the southeast end of a narrow ridge of vertically jointed granite (more specifically, quartz monzonite) called The Needles.

Organ Needle is one of the most dramatic peaks in the state. True to its name, it is a steep, pointed summit. Moreover, it rises 4,000 feet (1,220 m) above the edge of the Tularosa Basin to the northeast in only 2 miles (3.2 km), and 5,100 feet (1,554 m) above Las Cruces, giving it as large and as steep a degree of local relief as any peak in the state, including Big Hatchet Peak, Sandia Crest, and Shiprock.

Climbing Organ Needle involves tricky route-finding, a vertical gain of about 4,000 feet (1,200 m) and a difficult scramble (class 3+ or 4).

Shiprock
Shiprock (Navajo: Tsé Bitʼaʼí, "rock with wings" or "winged rock") is a monadnock rising nearly 1,583 feet (482 m) above the high-desert plain of the Navajo Nation in San Juan County, New Mexico, United States. Its peak elevation is 7,177 feet (2,188 m) above sea level. It is 10.75 miles (17.30 km) southwest of the town of Shiprock, which is named for the peak.

Governed by the Navajo Nation, the formation is in the Four Corners region and plays a significant role in Navajo religion, myth, and tradition. Shiprock is a point of interest for rock climbers and photographers and has been featured in several film productions and novels. It is the most prominent landmark in northwestern New Mexico. In 1975, Shiprock was designated a National Natural Landmark by the National Park Service.
DOS Power Tools
DOS Power Tools: Techniques, Tricks and Utilities is a book by Paul Somerson, first published in 1988 by Bantam Books and sponsored by PC Magazine. The book offers a guide to approaching MS-DOS (and its cousin PC DOS) as well as various tricks and utility programs—the latter provided as x86 assembly source code listings and as compiled .COM and .EXE executables on an accompanying floppy disk (later expanded to three disks). The book was a best-seller and received positive critical reception.

The first edition of the book was written to accompany versions of DOS from 2.0 through 3.3. The book was revised in 1992 to support version 5.0.

Windows Executable File
In Windows, OS/2, and DOS, .exe is the filename extension for a file that is runnable as a native executable computer program. Such a file is sometimes referred to an EXE – as one historical way to identify a file extension is without the dot prefix and capitalized.
Bombus mixtus
Bombus mixtus is a species of bumblebee. It is native to western North America, where it occurs in western Canada and the United States. It is also disjunct in the Great Lakes region. It is known commonly as the fuzzy-horned bumblebee, tricoloured bumblebee, orange-belted bumblebee, and mixed bumblebee.

This bee lives in mountain habitat, and taiga and tundra habitat in northern areas. It lives in open, grassy habitat, chaparral, shrublands, and meadows. It feeds at the flowers of ceanothus, fireweed, coyote mints, penstemons, phacelias, rhododendrons, and groundsels. It nests underground or on the surface.

Penstemon
Penstemon /ˈpɛnstɪmən/, the beardtongues, is a large genus of roughly 280 species of flowering plants native to North America from northern Canada to Central America. It is the largest genus of flowering plants endemic to North America. As well as being the scientific name, penstemon is also widely used as a common name for all Penstemon species alongside beardtongues.

Formerly placed in the family Scrophulariaceae by the Cronquist system, new genetic research has placed it in the vastly expanded family Plantaginaceae. The total number of species is disagreed upon due to ongoing research into if some of the named species are actually subspecies or illegitimate concepts of previously described species.
Robert Fournier-Sarlovèze
Mortimer Henri-Robert Fournier-Sarlovèze (January 14, 1869 – July 13, 1937) was a French politician and polo player in the 1900 Summer Olympics. He was born in Paris and died in Compiègne. In 1900 he was part of the Bagatelle Polo Club de Paris polo team which won the bronze medal.

Compiègne
Compiègne (French pronunciation: [kɔ̃pjɛɲ] ⓘ; Picard: Compiène) is a commune in the Oise department of northern France. It is located on the river Oise,  and its inhabitants are called Compiégnois ([kɔ̃pjeɲwa]).