hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Capillary electrochromatography
In chemical analysis, capillary electrochromatography (CEC) is a chromatographic technique in which the mobile phase is driven through the chromatographic bed by electro-osmosis. Capillary electrochromatography is a combination of two analytical techniques, high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. Capillary electrophoresis aims to separate analytes on the basis of their mass-to-charge ratio by passing a high voltage across ends of a capillary tube, which is filled with the analyte. High-performance liquid chromatography separates analytes by passing them, under high pressure, through a column filled with stationary phase. The interactions between the analytes and the stationary phase and mobile phase lead to the separation of the analytes. In capillary electrochromatography capillaries, packed with HPLC stationary phase, are subjected to a high voltage. Separation is achieved by electrophoretic migration of solutes and differential partitioning.

Mass-to-charge ratio
The mass-to-charge ratio (m/Q) is a physical quantity relating the mass (quantity of matter) and the electric charge of a given particle, expressed in units of kilograms per coulomb (kg/C). It is most widely used in the electrodynamics of charged particles, e.g. in electron optics and ion optics.

It appears in the scientific fields of electron microscopy, cathode ray tubes, accelerator physics, nuclear physics, Auger electron spectroscopy, cosmology and mass spectrometry.  The importance of the mass-to-charge ratio, according to classical electrodynamics, is that two particles with the same mass-to-charge ratio move in the same path in a vacuum, when subjected to the same electric and magnetic fields.

Some disciplines use the charge-to-mass ratio (Q/m) instead, which is the multiplicative inverse of the mass-to-charge ratio.  The CODATA recommended value for an electron is ⁠Q/m⁠ = −1.75882000838(55)×1011 C⋅kg−1.
Acid hydrolase
An acid hydrolase is an enzyme that works best at acidic pHs. It is commonly located in lysosomes, which are acidic on the inside. Acid hydrolases may be nucleases, proteases, glycosidases, lipases, phosphatases, sulfatases and phospholipases and make up the approximately 50 degradative enzymes of the lysosome that break apart biological matter.

Degradative enzyme
A degradative enzyme is an enzyme (in a broader sense a protein) which degrades biological molecules. Some examples of degradative enzymes:

Lipase, which digests lipids,

Carbohydrases, which digest carbohydrates (e.g., sugars),

Proteases, which digest proteins,

Nucleases, which digest nucleic acids.

Cathelicidins, antimicrobial polypeptides found in lysosomes.
HNoMS Laugen
The mine layer HNoMS Laugen was built for the Royal Norwegian Navy during World War I, as the lead ship of a two ship class. Her sister ship was Glommen.

She and her sister ship were kept in service until the German invasion of Norway in 1940. Laugen surrendered to the Germans on 14 April 1940, and like her sister ship was rebuilt as a floating anti-aircraft battery. She was returned to the Royal Norwegian Navy in 1945 and decommissioned in 1950.

Laugen was built at Akers mekaniske verksted in Kristiania. She was named after the river Lågen in southern Norway.

STX Europe
STX Europe AS, formerly Aker Yards ASA, was until 2012 a subsidiary of the South Korean STX Offshore & Shipbuilding.

With headquarters in Oslo, Norway, STX Europe operated 15 shipyards in Brazil, Finland, France, Norway, Romania and Vietnam.  The company had three business areas: Cruise & Ferries, Offshore & Specialized Vessels and Other Operations.

In 2012, with rising outstanding debts, STX retained the Finnish cruise shipbuilding yard and sold the remainder as STX OSV Holdings, (Offshore & Specialist Vessels), including all the yards, to Fincantieri, which renamed the group Vard.

In September 2014 STX Finland was sold, 70% to Meyer Werft and 30% to the Finnish government. The operations were continued under name Meyer Turku thereafter. Meyer Werft acquired the Finnish government's 30% in April 2015.

In 2017 STX France was acquired by the French government after the bankruptcy of STX Corporation and reverted to its original name of Chantiers de l'Atlantique.
Sakai bugyō
Sakai bugyō (堺奉行) were officials of the Tokugawa shogunate in Edo period Japan.  Appointments to this prominent office were usually fudai daimyōs. Conventional interpretations have construed these Japanese titles as "commissioner", "overseer" or "governor".

Sakai is located on the edge of Osaka Bay and at the mouth of the Yamato River, which connected the Yamato Province (now Nara Prefecture) to the sea.  Sakai had been a significant trade center in the Muromachi period, and this trading nexus continued to be important during the Edo period; however, during this time-frame, Sakai's merchants focused on in inland trade because of the Sakoku policy which prohibited all contact with foreigners except through the island of Dejima in Nagasaki harbor.

This bakufu title identifies an official responsible for administration of the city of Sakai.

Fudai daimyō
Fudai daimyō (譜代大名) was a class of daimyō (大名) in the Tokugawa Shogunate (徳川幕府) of Japan who were hereditary vassals of the Tokugawa before the Battle of Sekigahara. Fudai daimyō and their descendants filled the ranks of the Tokugawa administration in opposition to the tozama daimyō and held most of the power in Japan during the Edo period.
Antonio García-Trevijano
Antonio García-Trevijano Forte (18 July 1927 – 28 February 2018) was a Spanish republican lawyer, notary public, jurist, philosopher, art critic, author and political activist. Born in Alhama de Granada, he was a prominent figure in the opposition to the Francoist dictatorship.

Art critic
An art critic is a person who is specialized in analyzing, interpreting, and evaluating art. Their written critiques or reviews contribute to art criticism and they are published in newspapers, magazines, books, exhibition brochures, and catalogues and on websites. Some of today's art critics use art blogs and other online platforms in order to connect with a wider audience and expand debate.
Trumpeter (company)
Trumpeter is a Chinese company that manufactures plastic injection moulded scale model kits. Their product line consists of model ships, aircraft, cars and military ground vehicles. The company is located in Zhongshan, China, just north of Macau. All of the design and development is done at this site, with production facilities including full mold making engineering using spark erosion techniques. The factory carries out most work from computer design through to packaging, with some outsourcing of, for example, photo etched parts. The company also manufactures under licence for other brands.

Zhongshan
Zhongshan (Chinese: 中山 [ʈʂʊ́ŋ ʂán]), alternately romanized via Cantonese as Jungsaan, is a prefecture-level city in the south of the Pearl River Delta in Guangdong province, China. As of the 2020 census, the whole city with 4,418,060 inhabitants is now part of the Guangzhou–Shenzhen conurbation with 65,565,622 inhabitants. The city-core subdistricts used to be called Shiqi or Shekki (Chinese: 石岐).

Zhongshan is one of the few Chinese cities to be named after a person. It was originally named Xiangshan (香山, "Fragrant Mountain"; Cantonese: Heung-saan), but was renamed in 1925 in honor of Sun Yat-sen, who is known in China as "Sun Zhongshan". Sun was the founding father of the Republic of China who is also regarded positively by the People's Republic. He was born in Cuiheng village in Nanlang Township of what was then Xiangshan County.
Argyrodes cognatus
Argyrodes cognatus is a species of tangle-web spider that is endemic to the Seychelles, and can be found on Mahé, Conception, Silhouette and Marianne islands. It is found in woodland habitats where it spins orb webs in herbaceous vegetation. It is threatened by habitat deterioration due to invasive plants, especially Cinnamomum verum.

Marianne Island
Marianne Island is a small granitic island of the Seychelles. 94.7 ha (234 acres) in size, it is located 3.8 km ESE of Félicité Island. The island was a former coconut plantation, and on the western side of the island is a long beach. The southern tip of Marianne is known as a world-class diving location. The tallest peak on the island is Estel Hill, at 130 meters.

Presently, Marianne Island is uninhabited but is routinely visited by tourists and boaters. For much of the 19th and 20th century, farming and copra production took place on Marianne. There was a former settlement called La Cour, and in 1940 the island had 60 inhabitants.

There are a few species of gecko on Marianne, including the La Digue day gecko (Phelsuma sundbergi ladiguensis) and Phelsuma astriata semicarinata. Reportedly, the rare Seychelles paradise flycatcher (Terpsiphone corvina) is occasionally spotted on the island. Also, it was once home to the extinct Seychelles chestnut-sided white-eye.
A Surge of Power (Jen Reid) 2020
A Surge of Power (Jen Reid) 2020 is a 2020 black resin sculpture, sculpted by Marc Quinn and modelled on Jen Reid; both Quinn and Reid are credited as artists. It depicts Reid, a black female protester, raising her arm in a Black Power salute. It was erected surreptitiously in the city centre of Bristol, England, in the early morning of 15 July 2020. It was placed on the empty plinth from which a 19th-century statue of Edward Colston, who had been involved in the Atlantic slave trade, had been toppled, defaced and pushed into the city's harbour by George Floyd protesters the previous month. The statue was removed by Bristol City Council the day after it was installed.

Portland stone
Portland stone is a limestone geological formation (formally named the Portland Stone Formation) dating to the Tithonian age of the Late Jurassic that is quarried on the Isle of Portland in Dorset, England. The quarries are cut in beds of white-grey limestone separated by chert beds. It has been used extensively as a building stone throughout the British Isles, notably in major public buildings in London such as St Paul's Cathedral and Buckingham Palace. Portland stone is also exported to many countries, being used for example at the United Nations headquarters in New York City.
Zhaoqing
Zhaoqing (Chinese: 肇庆), alternately romanized as Shiuhing, is a prefecture-level city in Guangdong, China. As of the 2020 census, its population was 4,113,594, with 1,553,109 living in the built-up (or metro) area made of Duanzhou, Dinghu and Gaoyao. The prefectural seat—except the Seven Star Crags—is fairly flat, but thickly forested mountains lie just outside its limits. Numerous rice paddies and aquaculture ponds are found on the outskirts of the city. Sihui and the southern districts of the prefecture are considered part of the Pearl River Delta.

Formerly one of the most important cities in southern China, Zhaoqing lost its importance during the Qing dynasty and is now primarily known for tourism and as a provincial "college town". Residents from Guangzhou, Shenzhen, and the other cities of the Pearl River Delta often visit it for weekend excursions. It is also a growing manufacturing center.

2020 Chinese census
The Seventh National Population Census of the People's Republic of China (Chinese: 第七次全国人口普查; pinyin: Dì Qī Cì Quánguó Rénkǒu Pǔchá), also referred to as the 2020 Chinese Census, was the seventh national census conducted by the National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China. Census work began on November 1, 2020, and continued through December 10, 2020, involving seven million census workers.

The 2020 Chinese census covers all Chinese citizens living in mainland China, as well as those living abroad on temporary visas. Foreigners who live in the mainland for more than six months are also recorded in the data.

The preliminary results were released on May 11, 2021, with a news conference being held on the same day. The release was originally planned to be in early April, but was delayed by a month.
Tuilagi Vavae
Namulau'ulu Lauaki Tuilagi Vavae Leo II (2 November 1945 – 8 November 2020) was a Samoan politician and former Deputy Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Samoa. He was a member of the Human Rights Protection Party.

Namulau'ulu  was born in Tuasivi. He was a heavyweight boxing champion. After travelling to Australia and Fiji he worked as a Deputy Registrar of the Land and Titles Court of Samoa for 15 years, before returning to Fatausi in 1986 to become village high chief.

He was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Samoa at the 1988 election and served as Deputy Speaker. He lost his seat at the 1991 election.

Human Rights Protection Party
The Human Rights Protection Party (HRPP, Samoan: Vaega Faʻaupufai e Puipuia Aia Tatau a Tagata) is a Samoan political party. It was founded in 1979 and dominated Samoan party politics for decades thereafter, leading every government until their defeat in 2021. Former Prime Minister Tuilaʻepa Saʻilele Malielegaoi has led the party since 1998.
The Red Pony
The Red Pony is an episodic novella written by American writer John Steinbeck in 1933. The first three chapters were published in magazines from 1933 to 1936. The full book was published in 1937 by Covici Friede. The stories in the book are tales of a boy named Jody Tiflin. The book has four stories about Jody and his life on his father's California ranch. Other main characters include Carl Tiflin – Jody's father; Billy Buck – an expert in horses and a working hand on the ranch; Mrs. Tiflin – Jody's mother; Jody's grandfather – Mrs. Tiflin's father, who has a history of crossing the Oregon Trail, and enjoys telling stories about his experiences; and Gitano – an old man who wishes to die at the Tiflin ranch. Along with these stories, there is a short story (taken from one of Steinbeck's earlier works, The Pastures of Heaven) at the end of the book titled "Junius Maltby". However, this last story is omitted in the edition published by Penguin Books.

North American Review
The North American Review (NAR) was the first literary magazine in the United States. It was founded in Boston in 1815 by poet William Tudor with the assistance of journalist Nathan Hale and others. It was published continuously until 1940, after which it was inactive until revived at Cornell College in Iowa under Robert Dana in 1964. Since 1968, the University of Northern Iowa in Cedar Falls has been home to the publication. Nineteenth-century archives are freely available via Cornell University's Making of America.
Grandins' Mayville Farm District
The Grandins' Mayville Farm District in Mayville, North Dakota is a farm that was developed before 1900 by the Grandin brothers.  It includes Queen Anne style architecture in the United States.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.  It then included eight contributing buildings and a contributing structure on its 23 acres (9.3 ha).

Mayville, North Dakota
Mayville is a city in Traill County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 1,854 at the 2020 census. Mayville is the largest community in Traill County. It was founded in 1881. It is named for May Arnold, the first white child born in the immediate area.

Mayville is often grouped with the neighboring city of Portland and called "May-Port". It is home to Mayville State University.
Bishbanr, Swat
Bishbanr (Pashto: بشبنړ)is an administrative unit, known as Village Council in Union Council Aka Maruf Bami Khel in Tehsil Babuzai, of Swat District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.

According to Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Local Government Act 2013. District Swat has 214 Wards, of which the total number of Village Councils is 170, and Neighborhood is 44.

Aka Maruf Bami Khel is Territorial  Ward, which is further divided in four Village Councils:

Bishbanr, Banjot, Kass and Sar Sardarai.

According to Election Commission of Pakistan, Bishbanr consists of:

PC Bishbanr (Mauza Kuz Qila)

PC Bishbanr (Mauza Bishbanr)

Population of Village Council Bishbanr is 5879, and no of General Seats in Local Bodies Election is 7.

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Local Government Act, 2013
The Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Local Government Act 2013 was passed by the provincial Assembly of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa on 31 October 2013, and is published as an Act of the Provincial Legislature of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa as No.PA/Khyber Pakhtunkhwa/Bills/2013/10518 by the Authority of Local Government Elections & Rural Development Department on 7 November 2013.

An Act; 
"to construct and regulate local government institutions in the Province of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and to consolidate laws relating to these institutions and to provide for matters connected therewith and ancillary thereto".
Dizdar (surname)
Dizdar is a Bosniak and Turkish surname derived from the Ottoman title of Dizdar. Notable people with the surname include:

Adnan Dizdar (born 1949), Yugoslav handball player

Can Dizdar, Turkish diplomat

Ece Dizdar (born 1981), Turkish actress

Hamid Dizdar (1907–1967), Bosnian writer

Jasmin Dizdar (born 1961), British-Bosnian director and author

Mak Dizdar (1917–1971), Bosnian poet

Merve Dizdar (born 1986), Turkish actress

Natali Dizdar (born 1984), Croatian singer

Petra Dizdar (born 1984), Croatian tennis player

Şefik Yılmaz Dizdar (born 1938), Turkish businessman

Zdravko Dizdar (born 1948), Croatian historian

Zeynep Dizdar (born 1976), Turkish singer-songwriter and composer

Dizdar
Dizdar (Persian: دیزدار, romanized: dizdār; Turkish: dizdar, kale muhafızı) was the title given in the Ottoman Empire to a castle warden or fortress commander, appointed to manage troops and keep the fortress in its role as a defence point.

The word is of Persian origin, meaning gatekeeper, watchman, guardsman or castellan. It spread to the west following the Ottoman conquest of the Balkans.

Dizdar commanded military unit in the fortress, but at the same time he was responsible for the settlement (village or town) under or around it as well, because the purpose of fortress was to defend the area.

As a commanding person, dizdar had his deputy, called chekhaya (Turkish: kâhya), and other subordinates (e.g. yasakci). His superiors were captain, sanjakbeg and other senior military officers.

In 1839 after the Tanzimat reforms, the Ottoman Empire abolished captaincies; the titles like captain and dizdar ceased to exist.
Zakrzewiec
Zakrzewiec [zaˈkʂɛvjɛt͡s] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Braniewo, within Braniewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland, close to the border with the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia. It lies approximately 9 km (6 mi) south-east of Braniewo and 73 km (45 mi) north-west of the regional capital Olsztyn.

Braniewo County
Braniewo County (Polish: powiat braniewski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, northern Poland, on the border with Russia. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Braniewo, which lies 80 kilometres (50 mi) north-west of the regional capital Olsztyn. The county also contains the towns of Pieniężno, lying 27 km (17 mi) south-east of Braniewo, and Frombork, 11 km (7 mi) west of Braniewo.

The county covers an area of 1,204.54 square kilometres (465.1 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 41,223, out of which the population of Braniewo is 17,875, that of Pieniężno is 2,271, that of Frombork is 2,332, and the rural population is 19,130.
Fred Gardaphé
Fred Gardaphé is an American literary scholar, currently a Distinguished Professor of Italian and American Studies at Queens College, City University of New York and the John D. Calandra Italian American Institute.

Born in the Melrose Park, Illinois in an Italian American family, Gardaphé attended junior college before completing his undergraduate education at the University of Wisconsin-Madison in 1976 and continuing a career in academia.  He received his masters at the University of Chicago and completed his PhD thesis at the University of Illinois-Chicago.

Queens College, City University of New York
Queens College (QC) is a public college in the New York City borough of Queens. Part of the City University of New York system, Queens College occupies an 83-acre (34 ha) campus primarily located in Flushing.

Queens College was established in 1937 and offers undergraduate degrees in over 70 majors, graduate studies in over 100 degree programs and certificates, over 40 accelerated master's options, 20 doctoral degrees through the CUNY Graduate Center, and a number of advanced certificate programs. Alumni and faculty of the school, such as Arturo O'Farrill and Jerry Seinfeld, have received over 100 Grammy Award nominations.

The college is organized into seven schools. It competes in Division II of the NCAA and sponsors 15 men's and women's championship-eligible varsity teams.
1982–83 Honduran Liga Nacional
The 1982–83 Honduran Liga Nacional season was the 17th edition of the Honduran Liga Nacional.  The format of the tournament remained the same as the previous season, with the exception that no final series were played.  Club Deportivo Olimpia won the title after finishing first in the final round and qualified to the 1983 CONCACAF Champions' Cup along with runners-up C.D. Motagua.

1983 CONCACAF Champions' Cup
The 1983 CONCACAF Champions' Cup was the 19th edition of the annual international club football competition held in the CONCACAF region (North America, Central America and the Caribbean), the CONCACAF Champions' Cup. It determined that year's club champion of association football in the CONCACAF region and was played from 2 March 1983 till 1 February 1984.

The teams were split in two zones, North/Central American and Caribbean, (as North and Central American sections combined to qualify one team for the final), each one qualifying the winner to the final tournament. All the matches in the tournament were played under the home/away match system.

Mexican club Atlante beat Surinamese Robinhood 6–1 on aggregate, becoming CONCACAF champion for the first time in their history.
Carhuachuco
Carhuachuco (possibly from Quechua qarwa yellowish, chuku hat) is a mountain in the Pariacaca mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about 5,507 metres (18,068 ft) high. It is situated in the Junín Region, Yauli Province, in the districts Suitucancha and Yauli. Carhuachuco lies south of the mountain Putka and south-west of the lake Putkaqucha.

Suitucancha District
Suitucancha (Hispanicized spelling of the Quechua term Suyt'u Kancha, suyt'u rectangular, kancha corral, square, "rectangular corral (or square)") is one of ten districts of the Yauli Province in Peru. Its seat is Suitucancha.
Way of the Samurai 2
Way of the Samurai 2 (侍道2, Samurai Dou 2) is a PlayStation 2 (PS2) action-adventure game released in 2003. It was re-released on PlayStation Portable in 2009 in only in Japan.

The game is a prequel to Way of the Samurai.

Prequel
A prequel is a literary, dramatic or cinematic work whose story precedes that of a previous work, by focusing on events that occur before the original narrative. A prequel is a work that forms part of a backstory to the preceding work.

The term "prequel" is a 20th-century neologism from the prefix "pre-" (from Latin prae, "before") and "sequel".

Like sequels, prequels may or may not concern the same plot as the work from which they are derived. More often they explain the background that led to the events in the original, but sometimes the connections are not completely explicit. Sometimes prequels play on the audience's knowledge of what will happen next, using deliberate references to create dramatic irony.