hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Henry Wellington
John Henry Wellington (February 3, 1861 – March 24, 1937) was a railway worker, coal merchant and political figure in Saskatchewan. He represented Moose Jaw City in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan from 1905 to 1912 as a Provincial Rights Party member.

He was born in Forest, Canada West, the son of John Wellington, and was educated in Forest and in Saginaw City, Michigan. Wellington worked as a fireman on the Grand Trunk Railway and as an engineer for the Canadian Pacific Railway. He was married twice: first to Emma Ward in 1880 and then to Margaret McPherson in 1905. Wellington lived in Moose Jaw, moving there in 1893. He retired from railway work in 1905. Wellington served as a member of the school board and police commission and as an alderman for Moose Jaw. He died at home in Moose Jaw at the age of 76.

Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan
The Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan (French: Assemblée législative de la Saskatchewan) is the legislative chamber of the Saskatchewan Legislature in the province of Saskatchewan, Canada. Bills passed by the assembly are given royal assent by the lieutenant governor of Saskatchewan, in the name of the King of Canada. The assembly meets at the Saskatchewan Legislative Building in Regina.

There are 61 constituencies in the province, which elect members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs). All are single-member districts, though the cities of Regina, Saskatoon and Moose Jaw were in the past represented through multi-member districts, with members elected through block voting.

The legislature has been unicameral since its establishment; there has never been a provincial upper house.

The 30th Saskatchewan Legislature was elected at the 2024 Saskatchewan general election.
Prescottiella
Prescottiella is a genus of green algae in the family Desmidiaceae, containing the single species Prescottiella sudanensis. Originally classified as Micrasterias sudanensis in 1958, it was moved into its own genus by Carlos E. M. Bicudo in 1976, due to its asymmetric character. It is named after Gerald Webber Prescott, an American phycologist.

Phycology
Phycology (from Ancient Greek  φῦκος (phûkos) 'seaweed' and  -λογία (-logía) 'study of') is the scientific study of algae.  Also known as algology, phycology is a branch of life science.

Algae are important as primary producers in aquatic ecosystems. Most algae are eukaryotic, photosynthetic organisms that live in a wet environment. They are distinguished from the higher plants by a lack of true roots, stems or leaves. They do not produce flowers. Many species are single-celled and microscopic (including phytoplankton and other microalgae); many others are multicellular to one degree or another, some of these growing to large size (for example, seaweeds such as kelp and Sargassum).

A number of microscopic algae also occur as symbionts in lichens.

Phycologists typically focus on either freshwater or ocean algae, and further within those areas, either diatoms or soft algae.
A History of New York
A History of New York, subtitled From the Beginning of the World to the End of the Dutch Dynasty, is an 1809 literary parody on the early history of New York City by Washington Irving. Originally published under the pseudonym Diedrich Knickerbocker, later editions that acknowledged Irving's authorship were printed as Knickerbocker's History of New York.

The book is significant as early media describing what became modern Christmas traditions in the United States.

Christmas traditions
Christmas traditions include a variety of customs, religious practices, rituals, and folklore associated with the celebration of Christmas. These traditions are diverse in their origins and nature, with some having an exclusively Christian character with origins from within the religion. Other traditions are considered more cultural or secular in nature and have originated outside Christian influence. Christmas traditions have also changed and evolved significantly in the centuries since the Christmas holiday was first instituted, with celebrations often taking on an entirely different quality  depending on the period and geographical region.
Gbliglo
Gbliglo is a village in south-western Ivory Coast. It is in the sub-prefecture of Dapéoua, Soubré Department, Nawa Region, Bas-Sassandra District. The village sits on the edge of Taï National Park.

Gbliglo was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1,126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

Nawa Region
Nawa Region is one of the 31 regions of Ivory Coast. Since its establishment in 2011, it has been one of three regions in Bas-Sassandra District. The seat of the region is Soubré and the region's population in the 2021 census was 1,165,472, making it the second-most populous region in Ivory Coast.

Nawa is currently divided into four departments: Buyo, Guéyo, Méagui, and Soubré.
Karine A affair
The Karine A affair, also known as Operation "Noah's Ark" (Hebrew: מבצע תיבת נוח, romanized: Mivtza Teyvat Noah), was an Israeli military action in January 2002 in which the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) forces seized MV Karine A, which was a Palestinian freighter in the Red Sea. The vessel was reported by the IDF to be carrying 50 tons of weapons, including short-range Katyusha rockets, antitank missiles, and high explosives.

Anti-tank warfare
Anti-tank warfare refers to the military strategies, tactics, and weapon systems designed to counter and destroy enemy armored vehicles, particularly tanks. It originated during World War I following the first deployment of tanks in 1916, and has since become a fundamental component of land warfare doctrine. Over time, anti-tank warfare has evolved to include a wide range of systems, from handheld infantry weapons and anti-tank guns to guided missiles and air-delivered munitions.

Anti-tank warfare evolved rapidly during World War II, leading to infantry-portable weapons.

Through the Cold War of 1947–1991, the United States, anti-tank weapons have also been upgraded in number and performance.

Since the end of the Cold War in 1992, new threats to tanks and other armored vehicles have included remotely detonated improvised explosive devices (IEDs).

During the Russian invasion of Ukraine, drones and loitering munitions have attacked and destroyed tanks.
One More Heartache
"One More Heartache" is a 1966 single recorded by Marvin Gaye for Motown Records' Tamla label. The single was written by the team of The Miracles members Bobby Rogers, Marv Tarplin, Pete Moore, Ronnie White and Smokey Robinson and produced by Robinson. The song was the third release and third consecutive Top 40 single from Gaye's Moods of Marvin Gaye album, and was produced with a similar sound to his hit "Ain't That Peculiar". "One More Heartache"was a Top 30 Pop hit, peaking at number 29 on the Billboard Hot 100, and a Top 10 R&B hit, peaking at number four on the US Billboard R&B chart.

Billboard described the song as having "a driving, infectious beat and an exciting Gaye vocal." Cash Box described the single as a "rhythmic, chorus-backed lament about a guy who feels that if his gal hurts him again it will be the straw that breaks the camel’s back." Record World said it "never lets up on its driving way."

Warren "Pete" Moore
Warren Thomas "Pete" Moore (November 19, 1938 – November 19, 2017) was an American singer-songwriter and record producer, notable as the bass singer for Motown group the Miracles from 1955 onwards, and was one of the group's original members. He is also a 2012 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Inductee, and a BMI and ASCAP award-winning songwriter, and was the vocal arranger on all of the group's hits.
Jeanne-Marie Poulain
Jeanne-Marie Poulain is a Canadian film producer, associated with the Montreal-based film studio Art & Essai. They are most noted as a producer of Humanist Vampire Seeking Consenting Suicidal Person (Vampire humaniste cherche suicidaire consentant), which was a Canadian Screen Award nominee for Best Picture at the 12th Canadian Screen Awards in 2024.

They were previously a producer of Wild Skin (La Peau sauvage), which was both a Canadian Screen Award nominee for Best Live Action Short Drama at the 5th Canadian Screen Awards, and a Prix Iris nominee for Best Live Action Short Film at the 19th Quebec Cinema Awards.

Their other credits have included the films A Skin So Soft (Ta peau si lisse), Of Ink and Blood (D'Encre et de sang), Little Waves (Les petites vagues) and The Depths (Les Profondeurs), and associate or executive producer credits on I'll End Up in Jail (Je finirai en prison), Like a House on Fire and Richelieu.

The Depths (2019 film)
The Depths (French: Les profondeurs) is a 2019 Canadian short drama film, written and directed by Ariane Louis-Seize. The film stars Geneviève Boivin-Roussy as Justine, a young woman grieving her mother's recent death at the mother's lakefront cabin, who decides to go diving in the lake after finding a scuba suit among her mother's possessions.

The film premiered at the 2019 Toronto International Film Festival. It was subsequently screened at the Cinéfest Sudbury International Film Festival, where it won the Audience Choice Award for Best Short Film.
John Valentine (baseball)
John Gill Valentine (November 21, 1855 – October 10, 1903) was an American pitcher and umpire in Major League Baseball who played one season as a player for the 1883 Columbus Buckeyes of the American Association, and later umpired from 1884 to 1888.

American Association (1882–1891)
The American Association of Base Ball Clubs (AA) was a professional baseball league that existed for 10 seasons from 1882 to 1891. Together with the National League (NL), founded in 1876, the AA participated in an early version of the World Series seven times versus the champion of the NL in an interleague championship playoff tournament. At the end of its run, several AA franchises joined the NL. After 1891, the NL existed alone, with each season's champions being awarded the Temple Cup (1894–1897).

During its existence, the AA was often simply referred to as "the Association" in the media, in contrast to the NL, which was sometimes called "the League". It was also sometimes called the "Beer and Whiskey League".
2017 Carlton Football Club season
The 2017 Carlton Football Club season was the Carlton Football Club's 154th season of competition.

It was the club's men's team's 121st season as a member of the Australian Football League. The team finished sixteenth out of eighteen teams in the 2017 AFL season with a win–loss record of 6–16.

The season saw the inauguration of the club's women's team, which contested its first season as a member of the AFL Women's competition. The team finished fourth out of eight teams in the 2017 AFL Women's season with a 3–3–1 record from seven games.

2017 AFL Women's season
The 2017 AFL Women's season was the inaugural season of the AFL Women's (AFLW) competition, the highest-level senior women's Australian rules football competition in Australia. The season ran from 3 February to 25 March, comprising a seven-round home-and-away season followed by a grand final contested by the top two clubs. Eight Australian Football League (AFL) clubs featured in the inaugural season: Adelaide, Brisbane, Carlton, Collingwood, Fremantle, Greater Western Sydney, Melbourne and the Western Bulldogs.

Adelaide won the inaugural premiership, defeating Brisbane by six points in the 2017 AFL Women's Grand Final. Brisbane won the minor premiership by finishing atop the home-and-away ladder with a 6–0–1 win–loss–draw record. Adelaide's Erin Phillips won the AFL Women's best and fairest award as the league's best and fairest player, and Carlton's Darcy Vescio won the AFL Women's leading goalkicker award as the league's leading goalkicker.
Quinnapin
Quinnapin (also known as Quawnipund, Quanopen and Sowagonish) (died 1676) was a Narragansett leader during King Philip's War.

Quinnapin was the son of Cojonoquond and nephew of Miantonomoh. Quanopen was married to three different women, Onux, Weetamoo and an unknown younger woman who was the mother of Weecum and Tuspaquin. In 1676 Quanopen and Weetamoo held Mary Rowlandson captive for a period before she was redeemed.

In June 1675 Quinnapin, Quaiapen, and other Narragansett leaders met with colonial authorities at Worden Pond and agreed not to join with King Philip. During the Great Swamp Fight in 1675 Quanopen fought with his cousin Canonchet and later attacked William Carpenter's home at Pawtuxet, and fought at Nashaway.  Quinnapin was eventually captured by colonial forces and convicted and executed on August 6, 1676, in Newport, Rhode Island.

Mary Rowlandson
Mary Rowlandson, née White, later Mary Talcott (c. 1637 – January 5, 1711), was a colonial American woman who was captured by Native Americans in 1676 during King Philip's War and held for 11 weeks before being ransomed. In 1682, six years after her ordeal, The Sovereignty and Goodness of God: Being a Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson was published. This text is considered a formative American work in the literary genre of captivity narratives. It went through four printings in 1682 and garnered readership both in the New England colonies and in England, leading some to consider it the first American "bestseller".
Special functions
Special functions are particular mathematical functions that have more or less established names and notations due to their importance in mathematical analysis, functional analysis, geometry, physics, or other applications.

The term is defined by consensus, and thus lacks a general formal definition, but the list of mathematical functions contains functions that are commonly accepted as special.

Mathematical physics
Mathematical physics is the development of mathematical methods for application to problems in physics. The Journal of Mathematical Physics defines the field as "the application of mathematics to problems in physics and the development of mathematical methods suitable for such applications and for the formulation of physical theories". An alternative definition would also include those mathematics that are inspired by physics, known as physical mathematics.
Benzvalene
Benzvalene is an organic compound and one of several isomers of benzene. It was first synthesized in 1967 by K. E. Wilzbach et al.  via photolysis of benzene and the synthesis was later improved by Thomas J. Katz et al.

The 1971 synthesis consisted of treating cyclopentadiene with methyllithium in dimethyl ether and then with dichloromethane and methyllithium in dimethyl ether at −45 °C.  It can also be formed in low yield (along with fulvene and Dewar benzene) by irradiation of benzene at 237 to 254 nm.  The hydrocarbon in solution was described as having an extremely foul odor. Due to the high steric strain present in benzvalene, the pure compound (~71 kcal/mol higher in energy than benzene) easily detonates, for example by scratching.

The compound converts to benzene with a chemical half-life of approximately 10 days. This symmetry-forbidden transition is believed to take place through a diradical intermediate.

Cyclopentadiene
Cyclopentadiene is an organic compound with the formula C5H6. It is often abbreviated CpH because the cyclopentadienyl anion is abbreviated Cp−.

This colorless liquid has a strong and unpleasant odor. At room temperature, this cyclic diene dimerizes over the course of hours to give dicyclopentadiene via a Diels–Alder reaction. This dimer can be heated to induce thermal cracking and regenerate the monomer through a retro-Diels–Alder reaction

The compound is mainly used for the production of cyclopentene and its derivatives. It is popularly used as a precursor to the cyclopentadienyl anion (Cp−), an important ligand in cyclopentadienyl complexes in organometallic chemistry.
Rosette (botany)
In botany, a rosette is a circular arrangement of leaves or of structures resembling leaves.

In flowering plants, rosettes usually sit near the soil, but they can also be at the top of an otherwise leafless branch or trunk. Their structure is an example of a modified stem in which the internode gaps between the leaves do not expand, so that all the leaves remain clustered tightly together and at a similar height. Some insects induce the development of galls that are leafy rosettes.

In bryophytes and algae, a rosette results from the repeated branching of the thallus as the plant grows, resulting in a circular outline.

Aerial stem modification
Aerial stem modifications are modifications to the aerial stems, vegetative buds and floral buds of plants growing in different conditions and which perform functions such as climbing, protection, support, synthesis of food, or vegetative propagation. Aerial stem structures that undergo modifications to perform these special functions include tendrils, thorns, hooks, phylloclade, tuberous stems, and bulbils. The auxiliary or the terminal part of the modified structures shows their stem nature.
Neil Humphrey
Neil Victor Humphrey (born 2 April 1973) is a former Jamaican cricketer.  Humphrey was a right-handed batsman.  He was born at Kingston, Surrey County, Jamaica.

Humphrey represented the Warwickshire Cricket Board in List A cricket.  His debut List A match came against the Leicestershire Cricket Board in the 2001 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy.  From 2001 to 2002, he represented the Board in 5 matches, the last of which came against Leicestershire in the 2002 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy.  In his 5 List A matches, he scored 128 runs at a batting average of 25.60, with a single half century high score of 58.

2002 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy
The 2002 Cheltenham and Gloucester Trophy was an English limited overs county cricket tournament which was held between 29 August 2001 and 31 August 2002.  It was the second Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy, following its change of name from the NatWest Trophy.  The tournament was won by Yorkshire who defeated Somerset by 6 wickets in the final at Lord's.
Sonnet 27
Sonnet 27 is one of 154 sonnets published by William Shakespeare in a quarto titled Shakespeare's Sonnets in 1609. It is a part of the Fair Youth group of sonnets, and the first in a group of five sonnets that portray the poet in solitude and meditating from a distance on the young man.  A theme of the first two of the group (sonnets 27 - 28) regards the night and restlessness, which is a motif also found in the sonnets of Petrarch.

Sonnet
A sonnet is a fixed poetic form with a structure traditionally consisting of fourteen lines adhering to a set rhyming scheme. The term derives from the Italian word sonetto (lit. 'little song', from the Latin word sonus, lit. 'sound'). Originating in 13th-century Sicily, the sonnet was in time taken up in many European-language areas, mainly to express romantic love at first, although eventually any subject was considered acceptable. Many formal variations were also introduced, including abandonment of the quatorzain limit – and even of rhyme altogether in modern times.
Chernyshevsky, Sakha Republic
Chernyshevsky (Russian: Черныше́вский; Yakut: Чернышевскай, romanized: Çernışevskay) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Mirninsky District of the Sakha Republic, Russia, located 92 kilometers (57 mi) from Mirny, the administrative center of the district, on the southern edge of the Central Siberian Plateau on the Vilyuy River, a tributary of the Lena. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 5,025.

Central Siberian Plateau
The Central Siberian Plateau (Russian: Среднесибирское плоскогорье, romanized: Srednesibirskoye ploskogorye; Yakut: Орто Сибиир хаптал хайалаах сирэ, romanized: Orto Sibîr xaptal xayalâx sire) is a vast mountainous area in Siberia, one of the Great Russian Regions.
Caldera del Atuel
Caldera del Atuel is a caldera in Argentina. It is the source of the Rio Atuel and has dimensions of 30 by 45 kilometres (19 mi × 28 mi). Cerro Sosneado is a volcano (best volume estimate 244.2 cubic kilometres (58.6 cu mi)) located outside of the Atuel caldera, Volcan Overo (best volume estimate 89 cubic kilometres (21 cu mi)) and Las Lágrimas complex are located within the caldera. Holocene activity may have formed the cinder cones on the northeastern side of the caldera. After the 2010 Maule earthquake, the caldera was one of the volcanic centres that underwent subsidence, along with secondary earthquake activity.

Atuel River
The Atuel River is a river located mainly in the south of the Argentine province of Mendoza, with its last part in La Pampa. It is a tributary of the Desaguadero River.

The Atuel is the longest river in Mendoza. It is born in the Andes range, at 3,250 metres (10,660 ft) above mean sea level, from the glacial Atuel Lake. It has a mean flow of 31.8 cubic metres per second (1,120 cu ft/s), and its drainage basin covers 13,000 square kilometres (5,000 sq mi). Its volume increases from November to March (around the summer).
Straight Deal
Straight Deal (1940–1968) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. In a career that lasted from 1942 to 1943 he ran ten times and won five races. His most important success came in June 1943 when he won the “New Derby”, a substitute race for The Derby run on the July Course at Newmarket. During the Second World War, many racecourses were closed either for safety reasons or for military use, with Epsom Downs Racecourse being used as the location for an anti-aircraft battery. Straight Deal was retired after finishing third in the “New St Leger” later that year and went on to become a successful stallion.

Epsom Downs Racecourse
Epsom Downs is a Grade 1 racecourse in a hilly area near Epsom in Surrey, England which is used for thoroughbred horse racing. The "Downs" referred to in the name are part of the North Downs.

The course has a crowd capacity of 130,000 including people watching from the Epsom Downs, an area freely open to the public. The course is best known for hosting the Derby Stakes, which has come to be widely referred to as The Derby or as the Cazoo Derby for sponsorship reasons, the United Kingdom's premier thoroughbred horse race for three-year-old colts and fillies, over a mile and a half (2400 m). It also hosts the Oaks Stakes (also widely referred to as The Oaks) for three-year-old fillies, and the Coronation Cup for horses aged four years and upwards. All three races are Group 1 races and run over the same course and distance.

The Chairman of the course since 2022 is Brian Finch.  The course is operated by the Jockey Club.  Queen Elizabeth II attended the Derby in most years of her reign.
Eelo University
Eelo University (Somali: Jaamacada Eelo), often abbreviated EU, is a comprehensive, private university located in the city of Borama in the northwestern of Somaliland.

Eelo University was legally mandated by the Ministry of Education in the year 2007 to address pertinent issues affecting the adjacent communities in the Horn of Africa. The University is located in western Somaliland. It lies between the 08°00′ – 11°30′ parallel north of the equator and between 42°30′ – 49°00′ meridian east of Greenwich. It is bordered by Djibouti to the west, Ethiopia to the south, and Somalia to the east.

Borama
Borama (Somali: Boorama, Arabic: بورما) is the largest city of the northwestern Awdal region of Somaliland. The commercial seat of the province, it is situated near the border with Ethiopia.

During the Middle Ages, Borama was ruled by the Adal Sultanate. It later formed a part of the British Somaliland protectorate in the first half of the 20th century.

According to a 2023 estimate the city had a population of 300,000, with the broader district having a population of 398,609 according to a UN 2014 population estimate. making it one of the largest cities inside Somaliland. It has been a leading example in community organizing, having been the first area in Somaliland to adopt a self-help scheme in the wake of the civil war.