hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Babbar Patera
Babbar Patera is a patera, or a complex crater with scalloped edges, on Jupiter's moon Io. It is about 86 kilometers in diameter and is located at 39°48′S 272°00′W﻿ / ﻿39.8°S 272°W﻿ / -39.8; -272. It is named after a Sumerian sun god, and its name was approved by the International Astronomical Union in 1979. Some scarps near Babbar Patera may represent faults. Immediately south of Babbar Patera is the plateau Lyrcea Planum, and further south is Svarog Patera. To the east is the mountain Egypt Mons.

Sumer
Sumer (/ˈsuːmər/ SOO-mər) is the earliest known civilization, located in the historical region of southern Mesopotamia (now south-central Iraq), emerging during the Chalcolithic and early Bronze Ages between the 5th and 4th millennium BC. Like nearby Elam, it is one of the cradles of civilization, along with Egypt, the Indus Valley, the Erligang culture of the Yellow River valley, Caral-Supe, and Mesoamerica. Living along the valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, Sumerian farmers grew an abundance of grain and other crops, a surplus of which enabled them to form urban settlements. The world's earliest known texts come from the Sumerian cities of Uruk and Jemdet Nasr, and date to between c. 3350 – c. 2500 BC, following a period of proto-writing c. 4000 – c. 2500 BC.
1899 North Antrim by-election
The February 1899 North Antrim by-election was held on 25 February 1899.  The by-election was held following the resignation of the previous member Hugh McCalmont who was a member of the Irish Unionist Party. It was won unopposed by the Irish Unionist Party candidate William Moore.

Hugh McCalmont
Major-General Sir Hugh McCalmont KCB CVO (9 February 1845 – 2 May 1924) was an Anglo-Irish soldier, politician, and horseman. He was elected as an Irish Unionist Member of Parliament for North Antrim in 1895, resigning in 1899 by becoming Steward of the Manor of Northstead.
Nadine Apetz
Nadine Apetz (born 3 January 1986) is a German amateur boxer. She won bronze medals at the World Championships in 2016 and 2018, and gold at the 2017 EU Championships. In 2021, she became the first German woman to qualify for a 
boxing event at the Summer Olympic Games.

Boxing at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Women's welterweight
The women's welterweight boxing event at the 2020 Summer Olympics took place between 24 July and 7 August 2021 at the Ryōgoku Kokugikan. There were 18 boxers from 18 nations in the competition. Reigning welterweight World Champion Busenaz Sürmeneli of Turkey won the gold medal.
Thirupadiripuliyur railway station
11°44′53″N 79°45′14″E﻿ / ﻿11.74806°N 79.75389°E﻿ / 11.74806; 79.75389

Thirupadiripuliyur railway station (code: TDPR) is one of the two railway stations serving the town of Cuddalore, headquarters of the Cuddalore district in Tamil Nadu, India, the other one being Cuddalore Port Junction. It is located on the main line between Chennai Egmore and Tiruchirappalli Junction. It comes under the Tiruchirappalli railway division of the Southern Railway zone. This railway station was mentioned in Jayakanthan's novel.

Southern Railway zone
Southern Railway (abbreviated SR) is one of the 18 zones of Indian Railways. It is headquartered at Chennai and operates across the states of Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka , Andhra Pradesh and the union territory of Puducherry. It maintains about 5,081 km (3,157 mi) of railway lines and operates 727 railway stations.

The origin of the Southern Railway can be traced back to the mid-19th century. In 1835, the first railway track in India was constructed in Madras and became operational in 1837. The Madras Railway was formally established later in 1845. The Southern Railway was created on 14 April 1950 by merging three state railways, namely, the Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway, the South Indian Railway Company, and the Mysore State Railway and became the first railway zone of the Indian Railways.
Skill India
Skill India or the National Skills Development Mission of India is a campaign launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. It is managed by the National Skills Development Corporation of India.

In 2025, Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG) found significant number of irregularities, ghost accounts, dubious certifications in the Skill India initiative.

Oracle Corporation
Oracle Corporation is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Austin, Texas. Co-founded in Santa Clara, California by Bob Miner, Ed Oates, and current chairman of the board and chief technology officer, Larry Ellison in 1977, Oracle is among the 20 largest companies in the world by market cap, and ranked 66th on the Forbes Global 2000 as of 2025.

The company sells database software (particularly the Oracle Database), enterprise applications, and cloud infrastructure and hardware. Oracle's core application software is a suite of enterprise software products, including enterprise resource planning (ERP), human capital management (HCM), customer relationship management (CRM), enterprise performance management (EPM), Customer Experience Commerce (CX Commerce) and supply chain management (SCM) software.
Apsat (mythology)
Apsat (also Avsati or Æfsatī; Georgian: აფსათი) is a male deity of birds and animals in the mythology of the peoples of the Caucasus. His name may come from the Abkhaz language word a-psaatʷ, meaning "bird", or possibly from the name of the Christian saint with whom he was popularly associated, Saint Eustathios; it should also be noted that in Digor, Æfsæ (cognate with Iron: ефс) means horse, and his name would thus be colloquially understood to mean "of horses". Some sources regard him as responsible for all hunted game, while others consider him to watch over fish and birds specifically. In some cycles, he is the primary hunting god, while in others, he is part of a pantheon of hunting deities. A few sources connect him with thunder and lightning.

Ethnic groups in the Caucasus
The Caucasus is a region located partly in Eastern Europe and partly in Western Asia, spanning Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and southern Russia. Bounded by the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, it includes the Caucasus Mountains, which serve as a natural boundary between Europe and Asia.

Tens of millions of people across more than 50 ethnic groups reside in the Caucasus. There are four language families with a historic presence in the region: Caucasian, Indo-European, and Turkic and Mongolic (i.e., Altaic).
Cochrane–Orcutt estimation
Cochrane–Orcutt estimation is a procedure in econometrics, which adjusts a linear model for serial correlation in the error term. Developed in the 1940s, it is named after statisticians Donald Cochrane and Guy Orcutt.

Statistician
A statistician is a person who works with theoretical or applied statistics. The profession exists in both the private and public sectors.

It is common to combine statistical knowledge with expertise in other subjects, and statisticians may work as employees or as statistical consultants.
Ace Loomis
Ace Darl Loomis (June 12, 1928 – September 11, 2003) was an American professional football defensive back and halfback in the National Football League (NFL) who played for the Green Bay Packers. Loomis was selected in the fifth round of the 1951 NFL draft out of the University of Wisconsin–La Crosse by the Cleveland Browns.  He played three years for the Packers and retired in 1953.

1951 NFL draft
The 1951 NFL draft was held January 18–19, 1951, at the Blackstone Hotel in Chicago.

The Baltimore Colts folded after the 1950 season, and the NFL placed their players in the 1951 NFL draft. Twenty players appearing on the Colts' 1950 roster were subsequently selected, with future Hall of Fame quarterback Y. A. Tittle leading the list, going to the San Francisco 49ers with the third pick overall.

This was the fifth year that the first overall pick was a bonus pick determined by lottery, with the previous four winners (Chicago Bears in 1947, Washington Redskins in 1948, Philadelphia Eagles in 1949, and Detroit Lions in 1950) ineligible from the draw; it was won by the New York Giants, who selected halfback Kyle Rote.
Azamino
Azamino (あざみ野) is a bedroom community of Tokyo and Yokohama, located in Aoba-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. The area is 20 minutes from Shibuya Station on the Tōkyū Den-en-toshi Line and 27 minutes by subway from Yokohama Station on the Yokohama Subway. Known as an upscale enclave, its residents have come to endearingly refer to themselves as Azaminese. It has seen development in recent years. It is located next to the trendy Tama Plaza.

In 1983, Shiki Arts Center, the home base of Shiki Theatre Company, was built in Azamino, to commemorate the 30th anniversary of the company's founding.

Yokohama City Transportation Bureau
The Yokohama City Transportation Bureau, legally the Transportation Bureau, City of Yokohama (横浜市交通局, Yokohama-shi Kōtsū-kyoku) is the local government administrative agency in charge of public transport services in the city of Yokohama, Japan.
Adrian Durston
Peter Adrian Ronald Durston (born 28 October 1975) is a Welsh International rugby union player.

Durston made his Bridgend RFC debut in 1995. During his time with Bridgend, Durston was capped twice for his country, in both games of the 2001 Welsh tour to Japan. He scored a try in his debut game.

The arrival of Dafydd James and Gareth Thomas led to Durston's decision to leave Bridgend and sign a two-year contract with Neath RFC starting from the 2002/03 season. With the introduction of regional rugby in Wales, Durston moved to the Ospreys regional team from the 2003/04 season. Durston stayed with the Ospreys for two seasons before being released in Summer 2005. He signed a one-year deal with Viadana. Spells with lower league French sides Oyonnax and C S Beaune followed.

Neath RFC
Neath Rugby Football Club (Welsh: Clwb Rygbi Castell-Nedd) is a Welsh rugby union club which plays in the Indigo Premiership for Season 2024/25. The club's home ground is The Gnoll, Neath. The team is known as the  All Blacks because of the team colours: black with only a white cross pattée as an emblem. They were formed in 1871. They are feeder club to the Ospreys regional team.
Annie Rivieccio
Annie Rivieccio (born 1962) is an American bodybuilder and personal trainer. She competed at the Ms. Olympia in 2005–2007 with the best result of third place in 2006. She won the NPC Nationals in 2003 and New York Pro Championship in 2005. She started her bodybuilder career in 1986, aged 24, and later also competed in Olympic weightlifting and powerlifting.

Ms. Olympia
The IFBB Professional League Ms. Olympia (initially named the Miss Olympia) is female bodybuilding's most prestigious competition. The competition is part of Olympia Fitness & Performance Weekend  It was first held in 1980. It was held as part of the Joe Weider's Olympia Fitness & Performance Weekend from 2000 to 2014 and since 2020.

The male professional bodybuilding equivalent of the Ms. Olympia is the Mr. Olympia. The natural professional female bodybuilding equivalent to the Ms. Olympia is the INBA/PNBA Natural Olympia.
8th century BC
The 8th century BC started the first day of 800 BC and ended the last day of 701 BC. The 8th century BC was a period of great change for several historically significant civilizations. In Egypt, the 23rd and 24th dynasties lead to rule from Kingdom of Kush in the 25th Dynasty. The Neo-Assyrian Empire reaches the peak of its power, conquering the Kingdom of Israel as well as nearby countries.

Greece colonizes other regions of the Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea. Rome is founded in 753 BC, and the Etruscan civilization expands in Italy. The 8th century BC is conventionally taken as the beginning of Classical Antiquity, with the first Olympiad set at 776 BC, and the epics of Homer dated to between 750 and 650 BC.

Iron Age India enters the later Vedic period. Vedic ritual is annotated in many priestly schools in Brahmana commentaries, and the earliest Upanishads mark the beginning of Vedanta philosophy.

Shalmaneser IV
Shalmaneser IV (Neo-Assyrian cuneiform:  Salmānu-ašarēd, meaning "Salmānu is foremost") was the king of the Neo-Assyrian Empire from 783 BC to his death in 773 BC. Shalmaneser was the son and successor of his predecessor, Adad-nirari III, and ruled during a period of Assyrian decline from which few sources survive. As such his reign, other than broad political developments, is poorly known. Shalmaneser's time was marked both by an increase in the power held by Assyrian officials relative to that of the king and Assyria's enemies growing increasingly powerful. Most of Shalmaneser's military efforts were spent warring against the Kingdom of Urartu in the north, which during this time was reaching the peak of its power.
1980s in Bangladesh
The 1980s (pronounced "nineteen-eighties", commonly shortened as the "'80s", pronounced "eighties") was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1, 1980, and ended on December 31, 1989. For Bangladesh this decade was characterized by economic hardship, natural disasters and military dictatorship. Hussain Muhammad Ershad ruled Bangladesh almost throughout the decade. Infrastructure development was slow but there was notable progress in local government administration, population control and NGO led microfinance activities which boosted the rural economy. The urge of freedom of speech and return to democracy influenced the cultural activities in the decade.

Abdullah al Mamun (playwright)
Abdullah Al Mamun (13 July 1942 – 21 August 2008) was a Bangladeshi playwright, actor, and filmmaker. He earned the Bangla Academy Literary Award in 1978 and the Ekushey Padak in 2000 from the Government of Bangladesh. As a filmmaker, he won Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Director twice for the direction of the films Ekhoni Somoy (1980) and Dui Jibon (1988).
Flat wart
Flat warts, technically known as verruca plana, are reddish-brown or flesh-colored, slightly raised, flat-surfaced, well-demarcated papules of 2 to 5 mm in diameter.  Upon close inspection, these lesions have a surface that is "finely verrucous".  Most often, these lesions affect the hands, legs, or face, and a linear arrangement is not uncommon. At histopathology, flat warts have cells with prominent perinuclear vacuolization around pyknotic, basophilic, centrally located nuclei that may be located in the granular layer. These are referred to as "owl's eye cells."

Stratum granulosum
The stratum granulosum (or granular layer) is a thin layer of cells in the epidermis lying above the stratum spinosum  and below the stratum corneum (stratum lucidum on the soles and palms). Keratinocytes migrating from the underlying stratum spinosum become known as granular cells in this layer. These cells contain keratohyalin granules, which are filled with histidine- and cysteine-rich proteins that appear to bind the keratin filaments together.
Therefore, the main function of keratohyalin granules is to bind intermediate keratin filaments together.

At the transition between this layer and the stratum corneum, cells secrete lamellar bodies (containing lipids and proteins) into the extracellular space. This results in the formation of the hydrophobic lipid envelope responsible for the skin's barrier properties. Concomitantly, cells lose their nuclei and organelles.
Phosphoglycerate kinase (GTP)
In enzymology, a phosphoglycerate kinase (GTP) (EC 2.7.2.10) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

GTP + 3-phospho-D-glycerate  GDP + 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are GTP and 3-phospho-D-glycerate, whereas its two products are GDP and 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate.

This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring phosphorus-containing groups (phosphotransferases) with a carboxy group as acceptor.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is GTP:3-phospho-D-glycerate 1-phosphotransferase.

Guanosine diphosphate
Guanosine diphosphate, abbreviated GDP, is a nucleoside diphosphate. It is an ester of pyrophosphoric acid with the nucleoside guanosine. GDP consists of a pyrophosphate group, a pentose sugar ribose, and the nucleobase guanine.

GDP is the product of GTP dephosphorylation by GTPases, e.g., the G-proteins that are involved in signal transduction.

GDP is converted into GTP with the help of pyruvate kinase and phosphoenolpyruvate.
New World Systems
New World Systems is a public sector software company based in Troy, Michigan and a major manufacturer of computer-aided dispatch software that is primarily used in the United States. It became a part of Tyler Technologies in 2015. Troy, Michigan, is now the headquarters for Tyler's Public Safety Division and the home of the former New World ERP financial employees.

Tyler Technologies
Tyler Technologies, Inc. is an American technology company based in Plano, Texas, that provides proprietary software to the U.S. public sector. Tyler Technologies has offices in 17 states and one in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Khovrino (rural locality)
Khovrino (Russian: Ховрино) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Khovrino, Moscow Oblast, a village under the administrative jurisdiction of the city of Mytishchi, Mytishchinsky District, Moscow Oblast

Khovrino, Tver Oblast, a village in Sandovsky District of Tver Oblast

Khovrino, Ulyanovsk Oblast, a selo under the administrative jurisdiction of Veshkaymsky Settlement Okrug of Veshkaymsky District, Ulyanovsk Oblast

Veshkaymsky District
Veshkaymsky District (Russian: Вешка́ймский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-one in Ulyanovsk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the western central part of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,435.5 square kilometers (554.2 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Veshkayma. Population: 19,801 (2010 Census);  23,355 (2002 Census); 25,802 (1989 Soviet census). The population of the administrative center accounts for 33.4% of the district's total population.
Florida State Road 228
State Road 228 (SR 228) is a 32.532-mile-long (52.355 km) state highway in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of Florida. It exists in two distinct sections, separated by both Baker County Road 228 and Duval CR 228, which are former segments of SR 228.

The western segment of SR 228 exists in Macclenny, connecting US 90 and Baker CR 228 with Interstate 10 (I-10) at exit 336 and another instance of the county road.

Its main segment is in Jacksonville. This segment connects U.S. Route 301 (US 301) and Duval CR 228 in the far southwest corner of the city with US 90 in the Southside neighborhood of the city.

First Coast
Florida's First Coast, or simply the First Coast, is the Atlantic coast of North Florida in the United States. It is the same general area as the directional region of Northeast Florida. It consists roughly of the counties abutting Jacksonville: Duval, Baker, Clay, Nassau, and St. Johns—and nearby Flagler County and Putnam County. The "First Coast" name originated in a marketing campaign in the 1980s, and has become part of Florida's regional vernacular. It is so named due to its history as the first European settlement in what is now the mainland United States, at Fort Caroline, Florida, in 1564.
Antonius Felix
Antonius Felix (possibly Tiberius Claudius Antonius Felix, in Greek: ὁ Φῆλιξ; born c. 5–10) was the fourth Roman procurator of Judea Province in 52–60, in succession to Ventidius Cumanus. He appears in the New Testament in Acts 23 and 24, where the Apostle Paul is brought before him for a trial.

Ptolemy of Mauretania
Ptolemy of Mauretania (Ancient Greek: Πτολεμαῖος, Ptolemaîos; Latin: Gaius Iulius Ptolemaeus; 13~9 BC – AD 40) was the last Roman client king and ruler of Mauretania for Rome. He was the son of Juba II, the king of Numidia and a member of the Berber Massyles tribe, as well as a descendant of the Ptolemaic dynasty via his mother Cleopatra Selene II.
McDonough Park
42°52′06″N 77°00′04″W﻿ / ﻿42.868388°N 77.001103°W﻿ / 42.868388; -77.001103
McDonough Park is a stadium in Geneva, New York.  It is primarily used for baseball and was home to the Geneva Cubs.  It opened in 1958 with seating for 3,000.

The ballpark remains serviceable and plays host to two different teams, the Red Wings of the Perfect Game Collegiate Baseball League, and the revived Hobart Statesmen Baseball team.

McDonough "alumni" include Pete Rose and Tony Perez.

Hobart Statesmen
The Hobart Statesmen and William Smith Herons are composed of 15 teams representing Hobart and William Smith Colleges in intercollegiate athletics, including men's alpine skiing, basketball, baseball, cross country, football, golf, ice hockey, lacrosse, rowing, sailing, soccer, squash, swimming and diving, tennis, and volleyball. The Statesmen compete in the NCAA Division III and are members of the Liberty League for all sports except men's volleyball (joining the United Volleyball Conference in 2023–24), men's ice hockey (NEHC), and men's lacrosse, which competes in NCAA Division I, as a member of the Atlantic 10 Conference.
Splatter (web series)
Splatter is a 2009 interactive short horror web series directed by Joe Dante produced by Roger Corman and starring Corey Feldman. It was created for Netflix.

The film aired over 3 parts on October 29, November 6 and 13, and was subsequently combined into a single 29 minute segment. In October 2019, the film website Trailers from Hell released all ten variations of the series, giving the viewer the option of whom to kill next. This is the first time every filmed episode of the series has ever been released to the public.

Trailers from Hell
Trailers from Hell (branded as Trailers from Hell!) is a web series in which filmmakers discuss and promote individual movies through commenting on their trailers. While the series emphasizes horror, science fiction, fantasy, cult, and exploitation cinema, films from a wide variety of genres have been covered.

Trailers from Hell later launched as a website in October 2007, as a collaborative project by film director Joe Dante, new media entrepreneur Jonas Hudson, graphic artist Charlie Largent, web developer Tom Edgar, and producer Elizabeth Stanley. It also premiered at SXSW in 2009. Kris Millsap, who joined the site in 2012 and later became a partner, oversees its digital direction and produces the companion podcast The Movies That Made Me.
Richard Harington
The Rev. Richard Harington (5 May 1800 – 13 December 1853) was an Oxford college head in the 19th century.

He was born in Hanover Square, Westminster and educated at Brasenose College, Oxford. A mathematician, he was Principal of Brasenose from 1842 until his death.

A son was Sir Richard Harington, 11th Baronet.

Hanover Square, London
Hanover Square is a green square in Mayfair, Westminster, south west of Oxford Circus where Oxford Street meets Regent Street. Six streets converge on the square which include Harewood Place with links to Oxford Street, Princes Street, Hanover Street, Saint George Street, Brook Street and Tenderden Street, linking  to Bond Street and Oxford Street.
1920s Berlin
The Golden Twenties was a particular vibrant period in the history of Berlin. After the Greater Berlin Act, the city became the third largest municipality in the world and experienced its heyday as a major world city. It was known for its leadership roles in science, the humanities, art, music, film, architecture, higher education, government, diplomacy and industries.

Heinrich Zille
Heinrich Rudolf Zille (10 January 1858 – 9 August 1929) was a German lithographer, illustrator, caricaturist, painter, and photographer. Celebrated as a keen observer of urban life, Zille became best known for his empathetic yet satirical depictions of Berlin's working-class environments during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Nicknamed 'Pinselheinrich' ('Brush Heinrich'), he combined humour, social critique, and artistic skill to shed light on the struggles and humanity of the city's lower classes. His works, which often incorporated the Berlin dialect and sharp wit, captured the essence of an evolving metropolis, leaving a lasting impact on both visual art and social commentary.