hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
3-aci-nitropropanoate oxidase
In enzymology, a 3-aci-nitropropanoate oxidase (EC 1.7.3.5) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

3-aci-nitropropanoate + O2 + H2O  3-oxopropanoate + nitrite + H2O2

The 3 substrates of this enzyme are 3-aci-nitropropanoate, O2, and H2O, whereas its 3 products are 3-oxopropanoate, nitrite, and H2O2.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on other nitrogenous compounds as donors with oxygen as acceptor.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is 3-aci-nitropropanoate:oxygen oxidoreductase. This enzyme is also called propionate-3-nitronate oxidase.  It employs one cofactor, FMN.

Oxidoreductase
In biochemistry, an oxidoreductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from one molecule, the reductant, also called the electron donor, to another, the oxidant, also called the electron acceptor. This group of enzymes usually utilizes NADP+ or NAD+ as cofactors. Transmembrane oxidoreductases create electron transport chains in bacteria, chloroplasts and mitochondria, including respiratory complexes I, II and III. Some others can associate with biological membranes as peripheral membrane proteins or be anchored to the membranes through a single transmembrane helix.
Francis Ottley
Sir Francis Ottley (1600/1601–11 September 1649) was an English Royalist politician and soldier who played an important part in the English Civil War in Shropshire. He was military governor of Shrewsbury during the early years of the war and later served as the Royalist High Sheriff of the county and helped negotiate the surrender of Bridgnorth. His final years were spent in a prolonged and complex struggle to free his estates from sequestration.

Ellesmere, Shropshire
Ellesmere (/ˈɛlzmɪər/ ELZ-meer) is a town in the civil parish of Ellesmere Urban, in Shropshire, England; it is located near to the Welsh border, the towns of Oswestry and Whitchurch, and the Welsh city of Wrexham. It is notable for its proximity to a number of prominent meres.
Freek Vrugtman
Freek Vrugtman (6 July 1927 – 3 March 2022) was a Canadian botanist and horticulturist. Vrugtman was Curator at both University of British Columbia Botanical Garden in Vancouver, British Columbia, and Royal Botanical Gardens (RBG) in Burlington, Ontario, Canada. For 45 years he served as the International Registrar for Hybrid Cultivars of Lilacs in the Genus Syringa.

American Public Gardens Association
The American Public Gardens Association, formerly the American Association of Botanical Gardens and Arboreta, is an association of public-garden institutions and professionals primarily in the United States and Canada. Over the last six decades, the American Public Gardens Association has emerged as the premiere association for public gardens in North America. Today, the Association's 500 member institutions are located in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, Canada and fourteen other countries. The Association's individual members live in every state, the District of Columbia, Canada, and 24 other countries.
Hi-5 series 12
The twelfth series of the children's television series Hi-5 aired between 13 September 2010 and 12 November 2010 on the Nine Network in Australia. The series was produced by Southern Star and Nine with Noel Price as executive producer. The series featured the 500th episode.

Tim Maddren
Timothy Maddren (born 3 March 1984) is a New Zealand musician best known as a member of the Australian children's musical group Hi-5 between 2009 and 2013. He left Hi-5 after four years and has worked at Hi-5 in three seasons (135 episodes).
Comminatory
In law, a comminatory is a clause inserted into a law, edict, patent, or similar instrument that describes a punishment to be imposed on delinquents but that, in practice, is not carried out with the severity described or is not carried out at all.

In some countries, when an exile is enjoined not to return on pain of death, the sanction is treated as a comminatory penalty because, if the exile does return, the threatened punishment is not strictly executed; instead, the same threat is renewed, which is more than comminatory.

Clause
In language, a clause is a constituent or phrase that comprises a semantic predicand (expressed or not) and a semantic predicate. A typical clause consists of a subject and a syntactic predicate, the latter typically a verb phrase composed of a verb with or without any objects and other modifiers. However, the subject is sometimes unexpressed if it is easily deducible from the context, especially in null-subject languages but also in other languages, including instances of the imperative mood in English.

A complete simple sentence contains a single clause with a finite verb. Complex sentences contain at least one clause subordinated to (dependent on) an independent clause (one that could stand alone as a simple sentence), which may be co-ordinated with other independents with or without dependents. Some dependent clauses are non-finite, i.e. they do not contain any element/verb marking a specific tense.
Bacone school
The Bacone school or Bacone style of painting, drawing, and printmaking is a Native American intertribal "Flatstyle" art movement, primarily from the mid-20th century in Eastern Oklahoma and named for Bacone College. This art movement bridges historical, tribally-specific pictorial painting and carving practices towards an intertribal Modernist style of easel painting. This style is also influenced by the art programs of Chilocco Indian School, north of Ponca City, Oklahoma, and Haskell Indian Industrial Training Institute, in Lawrence, Kansas and features a mix of Southeastern, Prairie, and Central Plains tribes.

Ponca City, Oklahoma
Ponca City (Iowa-Oto: Chína Uhánⁿdhe) is a city in Kay County in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. The city was named after the Ponca tribe. Ponca City had a population of 24,424 in the 2020 census, down from 25,387 at the time of the 2010 census.
Choctaw County
Choctaw County is the name of several counties in the United States:

Choctaw County, Alabama

Choctaw County, Mississippi

Choctaw County, Oklahoma

It is also the name of a Spearhead-class United States Navy ship.

Choctaw County, Mississippi
Choctaw County is a county located in the central part of the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2020 census, the population was 8,246. Its northern border is the Big Black River, which flows southwest into the Mississippi River south of Vicksburg. The county seat is Ackerman.

The county is named after the Choctaw tribe of Native Americans. They had long occupied this territory as their homeland before European exploration. Under the Indian Removal Act of 1830, they were forced by the United States to cede their lands and to move west of the Mississippi River to what became Indian Territory (today's state of Oklahoma).
Otfried Nassauer
Otfried Nassauer (August 20, 1956 – October 1, 2020) was a German journalist and peace researcher, who interacted between civil society, mass media and politics. Over the course of four decades he had a profound impact on the public discourse in Germany and beyond about German and international military policy, especially in the fields of arms control and arms exports.

Arms control
Arms control is a term for international restrictions upon the development, production, stockpiling, proliferation and usage of small arms, conventional weapons, and weapons of mass destruction. Arms control is typically exercised through the use of diplomacy which seeks to impose such limitations upon consenting participants through international treaties and agreements, although it may also comprise efforts by a nation or group of nations to enforce limitations upon a non-consenting country.
Yasnogorsk, Zabaykalsky Krai
Yasnogorsk (Russian: Ясногорск) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Olovyanninsky District of Zabaykalsky Krai, Russia. Population:  8,873 (2010 Census); 9,747 (2002 Census); 7,546 (1989 Soviet census).

Zabaykalsky Krai
Zabaykalsky Krai is a federal subject of Russia (a krai), located in the Russian Far East. Its administrative center is Chita. As of the 2010 Census, the population was 1,107,107.

The krai was created on 1 March 2008, as a result of a merger of Chita Oblast and Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug after a referendum held on the issue on 11 March 2007. In 2018, the krai became part of the Far Eastern Federal District.
Ctenophorus rubens
Ctenophorus rubens, commonly known as the reddening sand-dragon or rufus sand dragon, is a species of agamid lizard occurring in the arid sandy areas of shrublands and spinifex of the Exmouth Gulf and the adjacent interior of Western Australia, with an isolated population also occurring in the sand dunes south of Hamelin Pool, Western Australia. It was formerly considered to be a subspecies of C. isolepis.

Triodia (plant)
Triodia is a large genus of hummock grass endemic to Australia.  The species of this genus are known by the common name spinifex, although they are not a part of the coastal genus Spinifex. Many soft-leaved Triodia species were formerly included in the genus Plectrachne. Triodia is known as tjanpi (grass) in central Australia, and have several traditional uses amongst the Aboriginal Australian peoples of the region.

A multiaccess key (SpiKey) is available as a free application for identifying the Triodia of the Pilbara (28 species and one hybrid).
IACT
IACT (imaging atmospheric [or air] Cherenkov telescope [or technique]) is a device or method to detect very-high-energy gamma ray photons in the photon energy range of 50 GeV to 50 TeV.

As of 2017, there are four operating IACT systems: High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.), Major Atmospheric Gamma Imaging Cherenkov Telescopes (MAGIC), First G-APD Cherenkov Telescope (FACT), and Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS). The Major Atmospheric Cerenkov Experiment Telescope (MACE) is under construction in Hanle, Ladakh, India and is set to be the highest and second-largest IACT. The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is a multinational project to build next-generation IACTs and is scheduled to begin data collection in 2022.

Photon energy
Photon energy is the energy carried by a single photon. The amount of energy is directly proportional to the photon's electromagnetic frequency and thus, equivalently, is inversely proportional to the wavelength. The higher the photon's frequency, the higher its energy. Equivalently, the longer the photon's wavelength, the lower its energy.

Photon energy can be expressed using any energy unit. Among the units commonly used to denote photon energy are the electronvolt (eV) and the joule (as well as its multiples, such as the microjoule). As one joule equals 6.24×1018 eV, the larger units may be more useful in denoting the energy of photons with higher frequency and higher energy, such as gamma rays, as opposed to lower energy photons as in the optical and radio frequency regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Hydrocotyle digitata
Hydrocotyle digitata is a species of plant in the ivy family Araliaceae. It is native to parts of Queensland and New South Wales, Australia. It is a small perennial herb with a creeping habit, leaves are trifoliate and each leaflet has a number of lobes. The inflorescences have about 10–13 very small flowers in an umbel, the fruits are mericarps about 1 mm (0.04 in) long and wide.

Umbel
In botany, an umbel is an inflorescence that consists of a number of short flower stalks (called pedicels) that spread from a common point, somewhat like umbrella ribs. The word was coined in botanical usage in the 1590s, from Latin umbella "parasol, sunshade". The arrangement can vary from being flat-topped to almost spherical. Umbels can be simple or compound. The secondary umbels of compound umbels are known as umbellules or umbellets. A small umbel is called an umbellule. The arrangement of the inflorescence in umbels is referred to as umbellate, or occasionally subumbellate (almost umbellate).

Umbels are a characteristic of plants such as carrot, parsley, dill, and fennel in the family Apiaceae; ivy, Aralia and Fatsia in the family Araliaceae; and onion (Allium) in the family Alliaceae.

An umbel is a type of indeterminate inflorescence.
A compressed cyme, which is a determinate inflorescence, is called umbelliform if it resembles an umbel.
Heidi Van De Vijver
Heidi Van De Vijver (born 31 December 1969) is a Belgian former racing cyclist, who currently works as a directeur sportif for UCI Women's Continental Team Fenix–Deceuninck. She won the Belgian national road race title in 1994 and 1998. She also competed at the 1996 and 2000 Summer Olympics.

She was second in the 1992 Tour of the EEC Women and then won the race in 1993.

UCI Women's Team
A UCI Women's Team is a women's road bicycle team sanctioned by the International Cycling Union (UCI). These teams compete in the major women's bicycle races, including the UCI Women's World Tour. The country designation of each team is determined by the country of registration of most of its riders and is not necessarily the country where the team is registered or based.
Flinders Bay railway line
The Flinders Bay branch railway, also known as the Boyanup to Flinders Bay section ran between Boyanup and Flinders Bay, in South Western Western Australia. The section from Flinders Bay to Busselton has now been converted into a rail trail for bushwalkers and cyclists, called the Wadandi Trail.

Rail trail
A rail trail or railway walk is a shared-use path on a railway right of way. Rail trails are typically constructed after a railway has been abandoned and the track has been removed; in addition, rails with trails share the rail corridor with active railways, light rail or with disused track. As shared-use paths, rail trails are primarily for non-motorised traffic including pedestrians, bicycles, horseback riders, skaters and cross-country skiers, although snowmobiles and all-terrain vehicles may be allowed. The characteristics of abandoned railways lend themselves to rail trails and account for their popularity; these include gentle grades, well-engineered rights of way and structures (bridges and tunnels), and passage through historical areas. Many rail trails are long-distance trails, while some shorter rail trails are known as greenways or linear parks.
Hershkovitz
Hershkovitz is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Henry Hershkovitz (1927–1922), Israeli sports shooter

Israel Hershkovitz (born 1950), Israeli anthropologist and anatomist

Mark Alan Hershkovitz, American biochemist and taxonomist

Philip Hershkovitz (1909–1997), American mammalogist

Israel Hershkovitz
Israel Hershkovitz (Hebrew: ישראל הרשקוביץ) is an Israeli anthropologist and anatomist, and a Professor Emeritus at Tel Aviv University's Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences. Hershkovitz is known for his extensive study of skeletal remains from various prehistoric and historic populations in Israel, including significant discoveries from Qesem Cave, Misliya Cave, Skhul Cave, Geula Cave, Tinshemet Cave, Manot Cave and Nesher Ramla open-air site. He founded and led the Dan David Center for Human Evolution and Biohistory Research and the Shmunis Family Anthropology Institute, and he held the Tassia and Dr. Joseph Meyshan Chair of the History and Philosophy of Medicine.
Ulidavaru Kandanthe (soundtrack)
Ulidavaru Kandanthe is the soundtrack album composed by B. Ajaneesh Loknath, for the 2014 film of the same name. The album features twelve tracks in number with four instrumentals and had lyrics written by Rakshit Shetty, Vigneshwar Vishwa, Suni, Yogaraj Bhat, Manojava Galgali. The album was released on 7 March 2014.

Suni (director)
Sunil Kumar known by his screen name Simple Suni, is an Indian film director, producer, screenwriter and lyricist who works in Kannada cinema. He made his debut with the critically and commercially successful 2013 film Simple Agi Ondh Love Story.
Kate Douglass
Katherine Cadwallader Douglass (born November 17, 2001) is an American competitive swimmer. Douglass is a five-time Olympic medalist, including two golds, and has won 34 medals with 16 golds at the World Championships (combined short and long course). Since 2024, she has been the world record holder for the short-course 200m breaststroke (SC) as well as being part of the 200 IM record team.

Douglass competed for the University of Virginia during her NCAA career, which lasted from 2019 to 2023. She helped Virginia win three NCAA Division I Championships in 2021, 2022, and 2023. As an individual, she has won 15 gold and 6 silver medals at the NCAA championships. Douglass won the Honda Sports Award as the best college female swimmer in 2022 and 2023.

Virginia Cavaliers swimming and diving
The Virginia Cavaliers Swimming and Diving teams represent the University of Virginia in all National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I Swimming and Diving Events. In 2021, the women's side won the NCAA Championship, a first for any Atlantic Coast Conference team, and finished in the national top 10 for a third consecutive season. The men's side also finished in the national top 10 for the second consecutive season. In 2022, the women won their second consecutive NCAA Championship.
James Wilson (Colorado politician)
James D. "Jim" Wilson is an American politician who served as a Colorado State Representative for the 60th district from January 9, 2013 to January 13, 2021. Representative Wilson's district included all or parts of Colorado counties of Chaffee County, Custer County, Fremont County, and Park County. He is a member of the Republican Party.

Park County, Colorado
Park County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. As of the 2020 census, the population was 17,390. The county seat and largest incorporated town is Fairplay, while the unincorporated community of Bailey is the largest settlement overall. The county was named after the large geographic region known as South Park, which was named by early fur traders and trappers in the area. Park County is included in the Denver–Aurora–Lakewood, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area. A majority of the county lies within the boundaries of the South Park National Heritage Area.
The Perfect Weapon (2020 film)
The Perfect Weapon is a 2020 documentary film directed by John Maggio produced by Ark Media and HBO Documentary Films. Based on the book of the same name by David E. Sanger, the film details the rise of cyberwarfare and cyber spying on an international scale. The film premiered on October 16, 2020 on HBO, including streaming on HBO Max.

David E. Sanger
David E. Sanger is an American journalist who is the chief Washington correspondent for The New York Times. He has been writing since 1982, covering foreign policy, globalization, nuclear proliferation, and the presidency. As of 2025 he has also authored four books on US foreign policy, including Confront and Conceal: Obama's Secret Wars and Surprising Use of American Power (2012). He has been a member of three teams that won the Pulitzer Prize, and has been awarded numerous honors for national security and foreign policy coverage.
Ahmad Fadzli Hashim
Ahmad Fadzli bin Hashim (born 7 June 1974) is a Malaysian politician and lecturer who served as Deputy Speaker of the Kedah State Legislative Assembly from August 2020 to June 2023 and Member of the Legislative Assembly for Pantai Merdeka from May 2018 to August 2023. He is a member of the Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS), a component party of the Perikatan Nasional (PN) coalition.

Kedah State Legislative Assembly
The Kedah State Legislative Assembly (Malay: Dewan Undangan Negeri Kedah) is the state legislature of the Malaysian state of Kedah. It is a unicameral institution, consisting of a total of 36 lawmakers representing single-member constituencies throughout the state.

Members of the unicameral state legislature are called state assemblymen. The Legislative Assembly building is located at the Wisma Darul Aman in the state capital, Alor Setar.

Out of the 36 seats, 33 are held by the Perikatan Nasional (PN) ruling coalition after the 2023 state election. Thus, the PN coalition  commands a two-thirds supermajority in the assembly. Meanwhile, Pakatan Harapan (PH) that comprises People's Justice Party (PKR) holds just 2 seats, followed by Democratic Action Party (DAP) which retain only single seat.
Hit and Run Tour (2014)
The Hit and Run Tour was a concert tour by American recording artist Prince and 3rdeyegirl. The tour consisted of three legs. The first was in the United Kingdom, the second in Europe, and the third in North America.

3rdeyegirl
3rdeyegirl, stylized as 3RDEYEGIRL, was an American funk rock band and Prince's backing band from his 2014 return to Warner Music until his death in 2016. It was a trio consisting of the American drummer Hannah Welton, Canadian guitarist Donna Grantis and Danish bassist Ida Kristine Nielsen. Together with Prince, they released the LP Plectrumelectrum on September 30, 2014.
Museum Gherdëina
The Gherdëina Local Heritage Museum was opened in the Cësa di Ladins in Urtijëi, in northernmost Italy, in 1960. The building is the seat of the Union di Ladins de Gherdëina a cultural organisation for the keeping of the Ladin language and heritage in Val Gherdëina.   In addition to the museum, the building hosts a library specialized in Ladin language and culture.

The collections of the Gherdëina Museum enable the visitor to gain an informative insight into the cultural and natural world of Val Gherdëina. The collections are distributed over two floors and cover the following themes: wood carving art of the last three centuries, old locally produced wooden toys,  a collection of paintings by local artists,  the local archaeology, the region's fossils, minerals and the local flora and fauna.

Ladin language
Ladin (/ləˈdiːn/ lə-DEEN, UK also /læˈdiːn/ la-DEEN; autonym: ladin; Italian: ladino; German: Ladinisch) is a Romance language of the Rhaeto-Romance subgroup, mainly spoken in the Dolomite Mountains in Northern Italy in the provinces of South Tyrol, Trentino, and Belluno, by the Ladin people. It exhibits similarities to Romansh, which is spoken in Switzerland, as well as to Friulian, which is spoken in northeast Italy.

The precise extent of the Ladin language area is a subject of scholarly debate. A narrower perspective includes only the dialects of the valleys around the Sella group, while wider definitions comprise the dialects of adjacent valleys in the Province of Belluno and even dialects spoken in the northwestern Trentino.

A standard variety of Ladin (Ladin Dolomitan) has been developed by the Office for Ladin Language Planning as a common communication tool across the whole Ladin-speaking region.
Carnival Dream
Carnival Dream is a cruise ship operated by Carnival Cruise Line. She is the lead ship of her namesake class, which includes Carnival Magic, Carnival Breeze, and Costa Diadema. Built by Fincantieri at its Monfalcone shipyard in Friuli-Venezia Giulia, northern Italy, she was floated out on October 24, 2008, and christened by Marcia Gay Harden.

At 128,250 GT, Carnival Dream was once the largest Carnival Cruise Ship. It lost this title to the Carnival Magic, when she was introduced in 2011.

Float-out
Float-out is the process in  shipbuilding that follows the keel laying and precedes the fitting-out process. It is analogous to launching a ship, a specific process that has largely been discontinued in modern shipbuilding. Both floating-out and launching are the times when the ship leaves dry land and becomes waterborne for the first time, and often take place during ceremonies celebrating and commemorating that event.