hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1873 New York state election
The 1873 New York state election was held on November 4, 1873, to elect the Secretary of State, the State Comptroller, the Attorney General, the State Treasurer, the State Engineer, a Canal Commissioner and an Inspector of State Prisons, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly and the New York State Senate. Besides, the voters were asked if the judges of the New York Court of Appeals, the New York Supreme Court, and the county and city courts, shall be elected or appointed; the electorate decided to maintain the elective system.

New York State Comptroller
The New York state  comptroller is an elected constitutional officer of the U.S. state of New York and head of the New York state government's Department of Audit and Control. Sixty-one individuals have held the office of State Comptroller since statehood. The incumbent is Thomas DiNapoli, a Democrat.
SMS spoofing
SMS spoofing is a technology which uses the short message service (SMS), available on most mobile phones and personal digital assistants, to set who the message appears to come from by replacing the originating mobile number (sender ID) with alphanumeric text. Spoofing has both legitimate uses (setting the company name from which the message is being sent, setting your own mobile number, or a product name) and illegitimate uses (such as impersonating another person, company, product). This can also send "mysterious" messages that look like they are from legitimate numbers or contacts.

Sender ID
Sender ID is an historic anti-spoofing proposal from the former MARID IETF working group that tried to join Sender Policy Framework (SPF) and Caller ID. Sender ID is defined primarily in Experimental RFC 4406, but there are additional parts in RFC 4405, RFC 4407 and RFC 4408.
Communauté d'agglomération de la Presqu'île de Guérande Atlantique
Communauté d'agglomération de la Presqu'île de Guérande Atlantique (also: Cap Atlantique) is the communauté d'agglomération, an intercommunal structure, centred on the towns of La Baule-Escoublac and Guérande. It is located in the Loire-Atlantique and Morbihan departments, in the Pays de la Loire and Brittany regions, western France. Created in 2017, its seat is in La Baule-Escoublac. Its area is 386.1 km2. Its population was 75,119 in 2019.

Pays de la Loire
Pays de la Loire (French pronunciation: [pe.i d(ə) la lwaʁ]) is one of the eighteen administrative regions of France, located on the country's Atlantic coast. It was created in the 1950s to serve as a zone of influence for its capital and most populated city, Nantes, one of a handful of French "balancing metropolises" (métropoles d'équilibre). In 2020, Pays de la Loire had a population of 3,832,120.
Mel Pickings
Milne Charles "Mel" Pickings (August 19, 1926 – February 1, 2019) was a Canadian politician. He represented the electoral district of Lunenburg West in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1978 to 1988. He was a member of the Progressive Conservative Party of Nova Scotia.

Born in Halifax, Nova Scotia, in 1926 Pickings entered provincial politics in the 1978 election, defeating Liberal incumbent Maurice DeLory by 1116 votes in the Lunenburg West riding. He was re-elected in the 1981 election. On November 9, 1983, Pickings was appointed to the Executive Council of Nova Scotia as Minister responsible for the Emergency Measures Organization, and Minister responsible for the Purchasing Act. He was re-elected in the 1984 election. In November 1985, Pickings was named Minister of Housing. On July 21, 1988, Pickings resigned from cabinet and announced he was not running in the next election.

Pickings died on February 1, 2019.

Progressive Conservative Association of Nova Scotia
The Progressive Conservative Association of Nova Scotia, more commonly known as the Progressive Conservative Party of Nova Scotia, is a political party in Nova Scotia, Canada. Like most conservative parties in Atlantic Canada, it has been historically associated with the Red Tory faction of Canadian conservatism. The party is currently led by Pictou East MLA Tim Houston. The party won a majority government in the 2021 provincial election. He called a snap election in 2024, increasing his party's majority mandate. The Progressive Conservative Party of Nova Scotia and the Conservative Party of Canada are two separate entities.
GTD-5 EAX
The GTD-5 EAX (General Telephone Digital Number 5 Electronic Automatic Exchange) is the Class 5 telephone switch developed  by GTE Automatic Electric Laboratories. This digital central office telephone circuit switching system is used in the former GTE service areas and by many smaller telecommunications service providers.

Circuit switching
Circuit switching is a method of implementing a telecommunications network in which two network nodes establish a dedicated communications channel (circuit) through the network before the nodes may communicate. The circuit guarantees the full bandwidth of the channel and remains connected for the duration of the communication session. The circuit functions as if the nodes were physically connected as with an electrical circuit.

Circuit switching originated in analog telephone networks where the network created a dedicated circuit between two telephones for the duration of a telephone call. It contrasts with message switching and packet switching used in modern digital networks in which the trunklines between switching centres carry data between many different nodes in the form of data packets without dedicated circuits.
Silverthorne Lumber Co. v. United States
Silverthorne Lumber Co. v. United States, 251 U.S. 385 (1920), was a U.S. Supreme Court decision in which Silverthorne had attempted to evade paying taxes. Federal agents illegally seized tax books from Silverthorne and created copies of the records. The ruling, delivered by Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr., was that any evidence obtained, even indirectly, from an illegal search was inadmissible in court. He reasoned that otherwise, police would have an incentive to circumvent the Fourth Amendment to obtain derivatives of the illegally obtained evidence. This precedent later became known as the "fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine," and is an extension of the exclusionary rule.

Chief Justice Edward Douglass White and Associate Justice Mahlon Pitney dissented without a written opinion.

Mahlon Pitney
Mahlon R. Pitney IV (February 5, 1858 – December 9, 1924) was an American lawyer, jurist, and politician who served in the U.S. House of Representatives for two terms from 1895 to 1899. He later served as an associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court from 1912 to 1922.
Ploufolia
Ploufolia is an extinct genus of plants in the order Nymphaeales. It existed in northeastern Spain during the Upper Albian period. One specimen of a species named Ploufolia cerciforme was discovered in 2010 at the Utrillas Formation, near Plou, Teruel Province; the genus name is derived from the locality of Plou.

Province of Teruel
Teruel (Catalan: Terol; [təˈɾɔl]) is a province of Aragon, in the northeast of Spain. The capital is Teruel.

It is bordered by the provinces of Tarragona, Castellón, Valencia (including its exclave, Rincón de Ademuz), Cuenca, Guadalajara, and Zaragoza. The area of the province is 14,809 km². Its population is 134,572 (2018), of whom about a quarter live in the capital, and its population density is 9.36/km². It contains 236 municipalities, of which more than half are villages of under 200 people. Teruel is the second-least populated province of Spain, and also the second-lowest in population density, in both counts after the province of Soria.

The main language throughout the province is Spanish (with official status), although Catalan is spoken in a northeastern area bordering Catalonia.
Patrick Kinmonth
Patrick Charles Kinmonth (born 27 August 1957) is an Anglo-Irish opera director and designer, filmmaker, writer, painter, interior designer, art editor, creative director and curator. He is known for his many stage, costume, interior and architectural designs. Kinmonth works principally as an opera director, and has been awarded for his work as exhibition curator and designer.

Drottningholm Palace Theatre
The Drottningholm Palace Theatre (Swedish: Drottningholms slottsteater) is an opera house located at Drottningholm Palace in Stockholm, Sweden. It is one of the few 18th century theatres in Europe that is still used as a theatre with its original stage machinery.

Currently, the reinvigorated theatre has acquired a growing international reputation as a summer opera festival theatre by focusing on works by Haydn, Handel, Gluck and Mozart and emphasis on authentic performance. The theatre has also had guest performances by the Royal Swedish Opera.
Cretopolis
Cretopolis or Kretopolis (Ancient Greek: Κρητόπολις or Κρητῶν πόλις) was a town of ancient Pisidia, Lycia, or Pamphylia, according to various ancient writers. Historians of the Wars of the Diadochi, such as Diodorus, place it in Pisidia. Ptolemy places Cretopolis in the part of Cabalia, which he attaches to Pamphylia. Polybius places it in the Milyas, Lycia. The Battle of Cretopolis was fought nearby in 319 BC.

Its site is located at Buğdüz, near Yüreğil in Asiatic Turkey.

Pamphylia
Pamphylia (/pæmˈfɪliə/; Ancient Greek: Παμφυλία, Pamphylía Turkish: Pamfilya) was a region in the south of Asia Minor in Western Asia, between Lycia and Cilicia, extending from the Mediterranean to Mount Taurus (all in modern-day Antalya province, Turkey). It was bounded on the north by Pisidia and was therefore a country of small extent, having a coast-line of only about 120 km (75 miles) with a breadth of about 50 km (30 miles). Under the Roman administration the term Pamphylia was extended so as to include Pisidia and the whole tract up to the frontiers of Phrygia and Lycaonia, and in this wider sense it is employed by Ptolemy.
May Bumps 2011
The May Bumps 2011 were a set of rowing races held in Cambridge, UK with crews from the boat clubs of all Cambridge University Colleges, the University Medical and Veterinary Schools and Anglia Ruskin University from Wednesday 15 June 2011 to Saturday 18 June 2011. The event was run as a bumps race and was the 120th set of races in the series of May Bumps which have been held annually in mid-June in this form since 1887. In 2011, 172 crews took part (103 men's crews and 69 women's crews), with nearly 1550 participants in total.

Pembroke College Boat Club (Cambridge)
Pembroke College Boat Club is the rowing club for members of Pembroke College, Cambridge. Over the 20th century, crews from Pembroke have held the headship of the men's Lent Bumps on four occasions, and the headship of the men's May Bumps ten times. The men's 1st VIII spent their entire history in the 1st division of both events, apart from poor performances in the Lent Bumps 2000 and the May Bumps 2003, and the crew is usually found in the top half of the division. The women's 1st VIII first raced in 1985, and have not yet taken the headship of the Lent Bumps, but took the headship of the May Bumps in 1997, 1998, 2006, 2008, 2009 and 2010.
31st Golden Disc Awards
The 31st Golden Disc Awards ceremony was held on January 13–14, 2017. The JTBC network broadcast the show from the Korea International Exhibition Center (KINTEX) in Ilsan. Hwang Chi-yeul, Seohyun and Jung Yong-hwa served as hosts on the first day, with Kang So-ra and Sung Si-kyung on the second.

Ilsan
Ilsan New Town (Korean: 일산신도시) refers to a planned city occupying Ilsandong District and Ilsanseo District of Goyang.

Ilsan is located northwest of Seoul. Like other satellite cities in the Seoul National Capital Area such as Bundang, Ilsan was planned in order to alleviate housing shortages in the city of Seoul.  Ilsan has experienced phenomenal growth since 1992, usually drawing in younger generations of upper-middle-class and upper-class Koreans.

Ilsan's total population (Ilsandong and Ilsanseo Districts combined) is 577,023 as of 2024.
Ehrhardt (typeface)
Ehrhardt is an old-style serif typeface released by the British branch of the Monotype Corporation in 1938. Ehrhardt is a modern adaptation of printing types of "stout Dutch character" from the Dutch Baroque tradition sold by the Ehrhardt foundry in Leipzig. These were cut by the Hungarian-Transylvanian pastor and punchcutter Miklós (Nicholas) Tótfalusi Kis while in Amsterdam in the period from 1680 to 1689.

From 1937 to 1938, Monotype re-cut the type for modern-day usage, and it has become a popular book typeface. Ehrhardt has a slightly condensed design, giving it a strongly vertical, crisp appearance.

Sort (typesetting)
In physical typesetting, a sort or type is a block with a typographic character etched on it, used—when lined up with others—to print text. In movable-type printing, the sort or type is cast from a matrix mold and assembled by hand with other sorts bearing additional characters into lines of type to make up a form, from which a page is printed.
Eagles (TV series)
Eagles is a Swedish teen sports drama television series created by Stefan H. Lindén. Developed by New Stories, the first season premiered on Sveriges Television's streaming service SVT Play on 9 March 2019. The fourth and final season aired from 28 January to 25 February 2022.

SVT Play
SVT Play is the brand used for the video on demand service offered by Sveriges Television, more specifically to the streaming services offered on the SVT website, svt.se, and its counterpart for mobile phones. The brand was introduced in December 2006, when the existing streaming television service got a new name. In September 2007, SVT launched their own channel on YouTube. From late 2007 until end of 2008 SVT Play was also available as a channel on Joost.

SVT claims that the service offers more than 2,000 hours of television. Most programmes produced for or by SVT are published on SVT Play after they have been broadcast and are then available for 30 days.

SVT have also launched "channels" dedicated at different audiences under the "Play" name. The first such channel was Play Bolibompa which launched in late 2007. It was followed by the news service Play Rapport which launched in May 2008.
Robin Wiessmann
Robin L. Wiessmann is an American attorney and government official serving as the executive director and CEO of the Pennsylvania Housing Finance Agency. Wiessmann previously served as secretary of the Pennsylvania Department of Banking and Securities from 2015 to 2020 and treasurer of Pennsylvania from 2007 to 2009.

Pennsylvania Housing Finance Agency
The Pennsylvania Housing Finance Agency is a non-profit organization which serves the people of Pennsylvania by offering affordable housing resources, including loans and rent assistance. PHFA was created by an Executive Order by the Pennsylvania General Assembly in 1972.
I&M Bank Uganda
I&M Bank (Uganda) Limited, formerly Orient Bank is licensed by the Bank of Uganda (BOU), the central bank and national banking regulator. It was officially launched in to the Ugandan market following the completion of the acquisition of 90 percent shareholding of Orient Bank Limited. On 8 November 2021, Orient Bank was rebranded to I&M Bank (Uganda) Limited.

Executive director
Executive director is commonly the title of the chief executive officer (CEO) of a company, a non-profit organization, government agency or international organization.

It generally has the same meaning as CEO or managing director.

The title may also be used by a member of a board of directors for a corporation, such as a company, cooperative or nongovernmental organization, who usually holds a specific managerial position with the corporation. In this context the role is usually contrasted with a non-executive director who usually holds no executive, managerial role with the corporation, but purely an advisory role.

There is much national and cultural variation in the exact definition of an executive director.
1980 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship
The 1980 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship was the 49th staging of the All-Ireland Minor Football Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier inter-county Gaelic football tournament for boys under the age of 18.

Dublin entered the championship as defending champions, however, they were defeated in the Leinster Championship.

On 21 September 1980, Kerry won the championship following a 3–12 to 0–11 defeat of Derry in the All-Ireland final. This was their ninth All-Ireland title and their first title in five championship seasons.

Derry GAA
The Derry County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) (Irish: Cumann Lúthchleas Gael Coiste Chontae Dhoire) or Derry GAA is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland. It is responsible for Gaelic games in County Londonderry in Northern Ireland (the GAA refers to the county as Derry). The county board is also responsible for the Derry county teams.

Football is the most popular of the county board's Gaelic games. The county football team won an All-Ireland Senior Football Championship (SFC) in 1993; it was the fourth from the province of Ulster to do so, following Cavan, Donegal and Down. The county team has also won seven National League titles and nine Ulster Championship titles.

However, Derry is also regarded as a small dual county.

According to a 2015 TUD study by Shane Mangan, Derry had slightly more than over 9,100 players.
George Nelson Lester
George Nelson Lester (March 13, 1824 – March 30, 1892) was a Confederate politician who served in the Confederate States Congress during the American Civil War.

Lester was born in Abbeville County, South Carolina. He served in the Georgia House of Representatives and enlisted in the Confederate Army early in the Civil War. He was wounded in combat, losing an arm. He represented Georgia in the Second Confederate Congress from 1864 to 1865.

After the war he served as Georgia's Attorney General from 1890 to 1892.

Georgia House of Representatives
33°44′57″N 84°23′18″W﻿ / ﻿33.749070°N 84.388362°W﻿ / 33.749070; -84.388362

The Georgia House of Representatives is the lower house of the Georgia General Assembly (the state legislature) of the U.S. state of Georgia. There are currently 180 elected members. Republicans have had a majority in the chamber since 2005. The current House Speaker is Jon G. Burns.
Pertunmaa (village)
Pertunmaan kirkonkylä (lit. 'Pertunmaa church village') is the largest urban area and the administrative center of the Pertunmaa municipality in Southern Savonia. Together with the southern Kuortti village, it is one of the main settlement centers of the municipality. In 2020, it had a population of 439. It is located between two large lakes, Pienijärvi and Peruvesi.

The most significant buildings include the Pertunmaa Church, the wooden cross church built in 1929. The settlement also has a municipal office, Osuuspankki bank, a fire department, a health center, a comprehensive school (grades 0–9) and two grocery stores.

Traditional Pertun päivät summer events are organized in Pertunmaa every year.

Urban areas in Finland
In Finland, an urban area or statistical locality (Finnish: taajama, Swedish: tätort) is defined as a cluster of dwellings with at least 200 inhabitants. It may be a city, town or larger village and is a purely statistical concept, not defined by municipal or regional boundaries.

The largest urban area in Finland is the Helsinki urban area with over 1.3 million inhabitants in 2019. It extends across Helsinki as well as ten other municipalities in the Helsinki metropolitan area. The second largest is the Tampere urban area with about 342,000 inhabitants in 2019, and the third largest is the Turku urban area with about 278,000 inhabitants in 2019.

The presence of urban areas is used to regulate traffic, with a default of 50 kilometres per hour (31 mph) speed limit inside an urban area and 80 kilometres per hour (50 mph) outside. Each major road leading in or out of an urban area is marked with a road sign.
Acrocercops unistriata
Acrocercops unistriata is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from China (Guangdong, Zhejiang), Hong Kong, Japan (Tusima, Honshū, the Ryukyu Islands, Shikoku), Nepal and Taiwan.

The wingspan is 6.5–9.4 mm.

The larvae feed on Castanopsis indica, Castanopsis lanata, Lithocarpus glaber, Quercus acuta, Quercus acutissima, Quercus glauca, Quercus pachyloma, Quercus phillyraeoides, Quercus serrata and Quercus sessilifolia. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

Lithocarpus glaber
Lithocarpus glaber, the Japanese oak, is a tree species in the family Fagaceae found in Japan, China, and Taiwan.

Mitami Shrine, a Shinto shrine in Sakai, Osaka Prefecture, Japan, is famous locally for its comparatively large population of Lithocarpus glaber, known as Shiribukagashi (尻深樫 シリブカガシ). In China, it is called ke (柯). In Cantonese, it is called Seklik (石櫟).

Condensed tannins from L. glaber leaves have been analysed through acid-catalyzed degradation in the presence of cysteamine and have a potent free radical scavenging activity.
Reefer Madness: The Movie Musical
Reefer Madness: The Movie Musical, also known as Reefer Madness, is a 2005 American made-for-television musical comedy film directed by Andy Fickman, written by Kevin Murphy and Dan Studney, and produced by the three. A film adaptation of the trio's 1998 musical of the same name, itself based on the 1936 exploitation film also of the same title, it premiered on Showtime on April 16, 2005. The film also received a limited theatrical release overseas, and grossed $8,972 in its short run.

The film stars Kristen Bell, Christian Campbell, and John Kassir reprising their stage roles, with the notable addition of Alan Cumming and Ana Gasteyer in other lead roles. Robert Torti, who played both Jack and Jesus onstage, portrays only the latter in this version.

Exploitation film
An exploitation film is a film that seeks commercial success by capitalizing on current trends, niche genres, or sensational content. Exploitation films often feature themes such as suggestive or explicit sex, sensational violence, drug use, nudity, gore, destruction, rebellion, mayhem, and the bizarre. While often associated with low-budget "B movies", some exploitation films have influenced popular culture, attracted critical attention, gained historical significance, and developed cult followings.
Bhuikhel
Bhuikhel (Nepali: भुइखेल) is a large plain located in the western part of Kathmandu at the foot of Swayambhu hill. Also known as Bhukhel (भुखेल), it is famed for the Buddhist Samyak festival held here.

The field is one of the city's landmarks and the hallowed venue of Samyak, a spectacular celebration when hundreds of images of Dīpankara Buddha are assembled for an alms-giving ceremony. Bhuikhel's area has shrunk over the years due to construction on its edges.

Dipankara
Dipankara (Pali: Dīpaṅkara; Sanskrit: Dīpaṃkara, "Lamp bearer") or Dipankara Buddha is one of the Buddhas of the past. He is said to have lived on Earth four asankheyyas and one hundred thousand kalpas ago. According to Buddhists, Dipankara was a previous Buddha who attained Enlightenment eons prior to Gautama Buddha, the historical Buddha.

Generally, Buddhists believe that there has been a succession of many Buddhas in the distant past and that many more will appear in the future. Dipankara was one of these previous Buddhas, while Gautama Buddha was the current and most recent Enlightened one, and Maitreya will be the next Buddha in the distant future.

Chinese Buddhism honors Dipankara as one of many Buddhas of the past. Dipankara, Gautama, and Maitreya are "the Buddhas of Three Times" in Yiguandao.