hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
International Organization for Plant Information
The International Organization for Plant Information (IOPI) is an international organization founded on September 20, 1991. It runs a series of collaborative international projects aimed at establishing databases of plant classification information and is a committee of the International Union of Biological Sciences.

The Global Plant Checklist was its first objective is to provide a list of all plants by merging data from existing sources. This required development of data standards as well as international co-operation, starting in 1993.

Later aims included the Species Plantarum Project to record taxonomic information about all the vascular plants in the world.

Its dataset was later incorporated into the Catalogue of Life.

International Union of Biological Sciences
The International Union of Biological Sciences  ( IUBS ) is a non-profit organization and non-governmental organization founded in 1919 that promotes biological sciences internationally. As a scientific umbrella organization, it was a founding member of the International Council for Science (ICSU).
Lanteris Space Systems
Lanteris Space Systems (formerly Space Systems/Loral, SS/L, SSL and, most recently, Maxar Space Systems) is an American manufacturer of satellites and space systems. It designs and builds satellites and space systems for a wide variety of government and commercial customers.

Its products include high-powered direct-to-home broadcast satellites, commercial weather satellites, digital audio radio satellites, Earth observation satellites and spot-beam satellites for data networking applications.

Based in Palo Alto, California, its major competitors are Boeing Satellite Systems, Lockheed Martin, Thales Alenia Space, Airbus Defence and Space and JSC Information Satellite Systems.

Information Satellite Systems Reshetnev
JSC Information Satellite Systems Reshetnev (Russian: Информационные спутниковые системы имени академика М. Ф. Решетнёва, romanized: Informatsionnye sputnikovye systemy imeny akademika M. F. Reshetnyova) is a Russian satellite manufacturing company. It is based in the closed city of Krasnoyarsk-26 (today called Zheleznogorsk), Krasnoyarsk Krai near the city of Krasnoyarsk. The company was formerly called NPO PM (short for NPO Prikladnoi Mekhaniki or Applied Mechanics Science-Production Association; NPO stands for Nauchno-proizvodstvennoye obyedineniye, Scientific Production Association).
1985 Bordeaux Open – Doubles
Pavel Složil and Blaine Willenborg were the defending champions, but Složil chose to compete at Geneva during the same week, losing in the first round.

Willenborg teamed up with Libor Pimek and lost in the final to David Felgate and Steve Shaw. The score was 6–4, 5–7, 6–4.

Blaine Willenborg
Blaine Willenborg (born January 4, 1960) is a former professional tennis player from the United States.

Willenborg enjoyed most of his tennis success while playing doubles. During his career he won 7 doubles titles and finished runner-up an additional 9 times. He achieved a career-high doubles ranking of World No. 13 in 1988.  His career high singles ranking was world No. 50, which he reached on September 9, 1984.
Fath-Ali Khan
Fath-Ali Khan:

Fath-Ali Khan Afshar (1700—1763), khan of the Urmia Khanate (1747—1748).

Fath-Ali Khan Qajar (1686—1726), chieftain of Astarabad (1720—1726).

Fath-Ali Khan of Quba (1736—1789), khan of the Quba Khanate (1758—1789).

Fath-Ali Khan Saba (1765—1822/1823), court poet

Fath-Ali Khan Daghestani (1694—1722), Grand Vizier of the Safavid Iran (1716—1720).

Fath-Ali Khan of Shaki (died 1815), khan of the Shaki Khanate (1805).

Fath-Ali Khan Afshar
Fath-Ali Khan Afshar (Persian: فتحعلی خان افشار), was a chieftain from the Afshar tribe of Urmia, and one of the four contenders for supremacy in Iran between 1751–1763. He was ultimately defeated and captured in February 1763 by one of the contenders, the Zand ruler Karim Khan Zand (r. 1751–1779). The latter had Fath-Ali Khan executed the following year, in July 1764.
Physostigma
Physostigma is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It includes five species of erect or climbing herbs and subshrubs native to sub-Saharan Africa. They grow in tropical swamp and riverine vegetation and seasonally-dry forest, open woodland, and grassland in the Guineo-Congolian and Zambezian regions. The genus belongs to subfamily Faboideae.

Species in the genus include:

Physostigma coriaceum Merxm.

Physostigma cylindrospermum (Welw. ex Baker) Holmes

Physostigma laxius Merxm.

Physostigma mesoponticum Taub.

Physostigma venenosum Balf.

Zambezian region
The Zambezian region is a large biogeographical region in Africa. The Zambezian region includes woodlands, savannas, grasslands, and thickets, extending from east to west in a broad belt across the continent. The Zambezian region lies south of the rainforests of the Guineo-Congolian region. The Zambezian region is bounded by deserts and xeric shrublands on the southwest, the Highveld grasslands of South Africa to the south, and the subtropical Maputaland forests on the southeast.
Titus Quinctius Pennus Capitolinus Crispinus
Titus Quinctius Pennus Capitolinus Crispinus was a politician of the Roman Republic. In 361 BC he was a dictator of Rome and obtained a triumph following a successful battle against the Gauls. In 360 BC he was magister equitum, and he continued campaigning against the Gauls, who had allied themselves with the Tiburtes. In 354 and 351 BC he was consul.  During the latter of these consulships, he set out for war with the Falisci, but, upon meeting no resistance, burned and pillaged their land instead.

After his consulships, he may have gone into retirement to a villa near Tusculum, and henceforth may have been the Titus Quinctius who was recorded to have been coerced in 342 BC by a group of mutinying Roman soldiers to lead their rebellion. The identity of this Titus Quinctius however remains unclear, and may have instead been a similarly named contemporary.

Magister equitum
The magister equitum, in English master of the horse or master of the cavalry, was a Roman magistrate appointed as lieutenant to a dictator.  His nominal function was to serve as commander of the Roman cavalry in time of war, but just as a dictator could be nominated to respond to other crises, so the magister equitum could operate independently of the cavalry; like the dictator, the appointment of a magister equitum served both military and political purposes.
Lev Sargsyan
Lev Sargsyan (born 12 October 1996) is an Armenian diver. He competed in the men's 10 m synchro platform event at the 2018 European Aquatics Championships, winning the bronze medal. He and his partner Vladimir Harutyunyan won the first medal for Armenia at the European Aquatics Championships.

2018 European Aquatics Championships
The 2018 European Aquatics Championships took place in Glasgow, Edinburgh and Luss in the central belt of Scotland, from 3 to 12 August 2018.

The championships were part of the first European Championships with other events happening in Scotland and Berlin.
Association for the Defense of the Rights of the Internally Displaced
The Association for the Defense of the Rights of the Internally Displaced (ADRID) (Arabic: جمعية الدفاع عن حقوق المهجرين) is a non-governmental Palestinian organization in Israel that focuses on defending the right of internally displaced Palestinians, often known as "present absentees," to return to their lands and their homes.

Among the association's activities are organizing the annual March of Return to commemorate the Nakba. These marches began in the late 1990s, coinciding with Nakba Day and Israel's Independence Day. ADRID has worked in cooperation with other NGOs, among them the High Follow-Up Committee and Zochrot, in coordinating such activities.

Independence Day (Israel)
Yom Ha'atzmaut (Hebrew: יוֹם הָעַצְמָאוּת, Arabic: عيد الاستقلال, romanized: ʿīd al-istiqlāli, lit. 'Day of Independence') is Israel's national day, commemorating the Israeli Declaration of Independence on 14 May 1948. It is marked by a variety of official and unofficial ceremonies and observances.

Because Israel declared independence on 14 May 1948, which corresponded with the 5th of Iyar on the Hebrew calendar in that year, Yom Ha'atzmaut was originally celebrated on that date. However, to avoid Sabbath desecration, it may be commemorated one or two days before or after the 5th of Iyar if it falls too close to the Sabbath. The day preceding Israel's independence day is Yom HaZikaron, which is dedicated to the memory of fallen Israeli soldiers and Israeli civilian victims of terrorism.

In the Hebrew calendar, days begin in the evening; Yom Ha'atzmaut is observed from nightfall until the following evening of the designated day.
Albert Premier Hut
45°59′46″N 6°59′10″E﻿ / ﻿45.996°N 6.986°E﻿ / 45.996; 6.986

The Albert Premier Hut (French: refuge Albert-Ier ), sometimes known as Albert 1er, is located on the Haute Route between Chamonix, France and Zermatt, Switzerland. It is at 2,702 metres (8,865 ft) above sea level. It is a popular hut with day hikers because of the short hike (2 to 3 hours) and views of Chamonix Valley. The hut is usually used less by hikers attempting the entire Haute Route, but is popular as a base for climbers attempting the Aiguille du Chardonnet and the Aiguille du Tour. The hut is named after King Albert I of Belgium, who was a passionate alpinist.

The main, newer hut (built in 1959) can hold 137 people and the older hut, for winter use, can hold 30 people. The main hut is staffed from June to September and is operated by Chamonix section of the Club alpin français.

Chamonix
Chamonix-Mont-Blanc (French pronunciation: [ʃamɔni mɔ̃ blɑ̃]; Arpitan: Chamôni-Mont-Blanc), more commonly known simply as Chamonix (Chamôni), is a commune in the Haute-Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in Southeastern France. It was the site of the first Winter Olympics, held in 1924.

Chamonix is situated in the French Alps just north of Mont Blanc, the highest mountain in Western Europe. Between the peaks of the Aiguilles Rouges and the notable Aiguille du Midi, it borders both Switzerland and Italy. It is one of the oldest ski resorts in France, popular with alpinists and mountain enthusiasts. Via the cable car lift to the Aiguille du Midi it is possible to access the off-piste ski run of the Vallée Blanche ('white valley').
Lee Seung-chul
Lee Seung-chul (Korean: 이승철; born December 5, 1966) is a South Korean singer best known for the hit songs, "My Love", "Never Ending Story", and "Girls' Generation". Currently an artist of Kakao Entertainment's label Flex M, he debuted in 1985 as the vocalist of the rock band Boohwal, which he left in 1989 to release his first solo album, Don't Say Good-Bye. He has released 12 Korean studio albums in total. He is also active in Japan, where he is known by the stage name Rui.

Lee has won several major awards, including the Album Bonsang at the 1989, 2004, and 2009 Golden Disc Awards; and Musician of the Year (Male) at the 2005 Korean Music Awards.

Golden Disc Awards
The Golden Disc Awards (Korean: 골든 디스크 시상식, formerly spelled the Golden Disk Awards before 2015) is an annual South Korean major music awards ceremony that honors achievements in the local music industry. The awards ceremony was founded with the purpose to promote popular culture creativity, discover new artists, and contribute to the growth of the music industry. The first ceremony was held in 1986. Later ceremonies have been held around Asia.

The 35th Golden Disc Awards was held on 9–10 January 2021 without a live audience due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Macrobiotic diet
A macrobiotic diet (or macrobiotics) is a restrictive dietary regime based on ideas about types of food drawn from Zen Buddhism. The diet tries to balance the food elements classified as yin and yang, a practice that also extends to cookware. Major principles of macrobiotic diets are to reduce animal products, eat locally grown foods that are in season, and consume meals in moderation.

There is no high-quality clinical evidence that a macrobiotic diet is helpful for people with cancer or other diseases, and it may be harmful.  Neither the American Cancer Society nor Cancer Research UK recommends adopting the diet. Deaths have been reported from malnutrition on strict macrobiotic diets.

Local food
Local food is food that is produced within a short distance of where it is consumed, often accompanied by a social structure and supply chain different from the large-scale supermarket system.

Local food (or locavore) movements aim to connect food producers and consumers in the same geographic region, to develop more self-reliant and resilient food networks, improve local economies, or to affect the health, environment, community, or society of a particular place. The term has also been extended to include not only the geographic location of supplier and consumer but can also be "defined in terms of social and supply chain characteristics." For example, local food initiatives often promote sustainable and organic farming practices, although these are not explicitly related to the geographic proximity of producer and consumer.

Local food represents an alternative to the global food model, which often sees food traveling long distances before it reaches the consumer.
ORCO
Orco Property Group S.A. (ORCO Group, ORCO) is a real estate development company  based in Luxembourg, listed on the Euronext in Paris, Prague, Warsaw and Budapest Stock Exchange, it is a subsidiary of CPI Property Group.

The Group works in Central Europe since 1991, Orco Property Group’s portfolio includes IPB Real, Mamaison Collection, Viterra Development, Gewerbesiedlungs-Gesellschaft mbH (GSG) and Orco Real Estate. The team consists of over 2500 people from 15 different countries. Orco Property Group become sponsor and manager of the Endurance Real Estate Fund for Central Europe, a Luxembourg–regulated, closed–end and umbrella fund.

Umbrella fund
An umbrella fund is a collective investment scheme that exists as a single legal entity but has several distinct sub-funds which, in effect, are traded as individual investment funds. In UK law, the concept is defined in Section 756B of the Finance Act 2004 and is central to the structuring, taxation and regulation of small funds, especially the ones under the Appointed Representative regime.

This type of arrangement originated in the European investment management industry, most notably with the SICAV (an open-ended collective investment). The SICAV model was copied for the UK open-ended investment company (OEIC) and offshore fund models.
Huawei PanGu
Huawei PanGu, PanGu, PanGu-Σ, PanGu-π also known as openPangu (Chinese: 盘古大模型; pinyin: pángǔ dà móxíng) is a multimodal large language model developed by Huawei. It was officially launched on July 2021.

The name of the large learning language model, PanGu, was derived from the Chinese mythology and folklore of Pangu, a primordial character related to the creation of the world.

Pangu
Pangu or Pan Gu (also sometimes spelled Peng Gu and P’an-ku)
(Chinese: 盤古; pinyin: Pángǔ ; PAN-koo) is a primordial being and creation figure in Chinese mythology and in Taoism. According to legend, Pangu separated heaven and earth, and his body later became geographic features such as mountains and flowing water.
Pietro Andrea Ziani
Pietro Andrea Ziani (1616 in Venice –  1684 in Naples) was an Italian organist and composer. He was the uncle of Marc'Antonio Ziani. Beginning in 1669, he was the organist at St Mark's Basilica and later moved on to serve Eleonor Magdalene of Neuburg in Vienna. His works included "L'Assalone punito" (1667) and the operas "Eupatra" (1654-5), "Le fortune di Rodpoe e Damira" (1657), "L'inconstanza Trionfate" (1657-8), "Annibale in Capua" (1660), "Medea Placata" (1661-2), "Gli scherzi di Fortuna" (1661-2), "Le fatiche d'Ercole per Deianira (1661-2), "Amor Guerriero" (1662-3) "La ricreazione burlesca" (1663), "L'invidia conculcata della virtù, merito, virtù, merito, valore di Leopoldo imperatore" (1664), "Cloridea" (1665), "Doriclea" and "Alciade" (1665-6, not performed), "Circe" (1665), "L'Elice" (1666) and "La Galatea" (1667).

Eleonore Magdalene of Neuburg
Eleonore Magdalene of Neuburg (Eleonore Magdalene Therese; 6 January 1655 – 19 January 1720) was Holy Roman Empress, German Queen, Archduchess of Austria, Queen of Hungary and Bohemia as the third and final wife of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor. Before her marriage and during her widowhood, she led an ascetic and monastic life, translating the Bible from Latin to German and defended the Order of the Discalced Carmelites. Reputed to be one of the most educated and virtuous women of her time, Eleonore took part in the political affairs during the reign of her husband and sons, especially regarding court revenue and foreign relationships. She served as regent for a few months in 1711, period in which she signed the Treaty of Szatmár, which recognized the rights of her descendants to the Hungarian throne.
Wrong-Doing, Truth-Telling
Wrong-Doing, Truth-Telling: The Function of Avowal in Justice is a printed text version of the series of lectures delivered at the Catholic University of Louvain by Michel Foucault from early April to late May 1981. This book was edited by Fabienne Brion and Bernard E. Harcourt, translated by Stephen W, Sawyer and was published in 2014 by the University of Chicago Press. This seminar series consists of seven published lectures which occurred over a period of six weeks. The lecture series is Michel Foucault's examination of the evolution of truth-telling, or more accurately, avowal, within various pertinent settings.

Bernard Harcourt
Bernard E. Harcourt (born 1963) is an American critical theorist with a specialization in the area of punishment, surveillance, legal and political theory, and political economy. He also does pro-bono legal work on human rights issues.

He is a professor at Columbia University Law School in New York City and at the École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS) in Paris.
Arthur John (rugby union)
David Arthur John (11 May 1900 — 16 August 1929) was a Welsh international rugby union player.

John was born in Gowerton and educated at Gowerton Council School.

An inside-half, John was capped five times for Wales, with one cap in 1925 and a further three in 1928. He formed a successful halfback partnership with Dai John (no relation) at Llanelly RFC, where he spent five seasons, and also played some rugby for Bedford while working in England.

John died in a London hospital in 1929 at the age of 29, having been ill for over a year.

Gowerton
Gowerton (Welsh: Tre-gŵyr ⓘ) is a large village and community, about 4 miles (6 km) northwest of Swansea city centre, Wales. Gowerton is often known as the gateway to the Gower Peninsula. Gowerton's original name was Ffosfelin. The village falls within the Gowerton electoral ward of the City and County of Swansea Council, which elects one councillor. The community had a population of 5,212 and the built-up area with Waunarlwydd 8,183.

In 1980, the Welsh National Eisteddfod (named after Dyffryn Lliw, see below) was held at the Elba sports complex in the village. The Eisteddfod stone (Gorsedd stones) is located on the roundabout (grid ref. 585966) on the B4295 road to Penclawdd.
Jean-Pierre Sauvage
Jean-Pierre Sauvage (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃pjɛʁ sovaʒ]; born 21 October 1944) is a French coordination chemist working at Strasbourg University.  He graduated from the National School of Chemistry of Strasbourg (now known as ECPM Strasbourg), in 1967. He has specialized in supramolecular chemistry for which he has been awarded the 2016 Nobel Prize in Chemistry along with Sir J. Fraser Stoddart and Bernard L. Feringa.

École européenne de chimie, polymères et matériaux
The École européenne de chimie, polymères et matériaux (ECPM; European School of Chemistry, Polymers and Materials Science) of Strasbourg is a public engineering school in the city of Strasbourg, in Alsace, France. It was founded in 1948, and is located on the Cronenbourg Campus of the University of Strasbourg.  Each year 90 students graduate from the school with a diplôme d'ingénieur. It is a National School of Engineers, part of the University of Strasbourg and a member of the Fédération Gay-Lussac, which recruits from the common polytechnic entrance examination. It is also part of the Alsace Tech network of nine engineering schools in Alsace. The ECPM offers its students three specialties: chemistry (analytical or organic), polymers or materials.

In 2019, it was part of Group A of the L'Etudiant ranking of engineering schools.  In 2023, ECPM has risen to first place in the same ranking, among schools training for chemical engineers.
Bache Hill
Bache Hill (Welsh: Bryn Bach) is a subsidiary summit of Rhos Fawr or Great Rhos, in the Radnor Forest in Wales. It is located to the east of Black Mixen. The summit is marked by a trig point built on an ancient burial mound, probably of Bronze Age date, like most of the summit cairns and round barrows in Wales.

Some controversy arises from the burial mound; in that 610 metres might be the top of the man-made mound. Some walkers therefore doubt Bache Hill's 2,000-foot status. However, the latest OS Explorer Maps shows a large 610-metre contour round the summit.

Round barrow
A round barrow is a type of tumulus and is one of the most common types of archaeological monuments. Although concentrated in Europe, they are found in many parts of the world, probably because of their simple construction and universal purpose.

In Britain, most of them were built between 2200BC and 1100BC.  This was the Late Neolithic period to the Late Bronze Age.  Later Iron Age barrows were mostly different, and sometimes square.
Thangachi
Thangachi (transl. Younger sister) is a 1987 Indian Tamil-language action drama film directed by R. Krishnamoorthy, starring Ramki, Pallavi and Seetha. It is a remake of the Telugu film Aadupaduchu (1986). The film was released on 27 November 1987.

Pallavi (actress)
Pallavi is an Indian actress in Tamil and Kannada films from 1985 to 1993 and continued to pursue her career as a supporting actor.

She has acted alongside various lead actors including Rajinikanth, Kamal Haasan, Ambareesh, Vijayakanth, Prabhu, Karthik, Murali, S. Ve. Shekher, Mohan, Arjun, Mukesh, Suresh Gopi, Pandiarajan and Shankar Nag. She was first introduced in Telugu by A. Kodandarami Reddy in the film, Illalu Priyuralu in 1984. Afterwards, she was introduced in Kannada by T.S.Nagabharana in the film, Nethra Pallavi in 1985 and then she was introduced in Tamil by actor Sivaji Ganesan in his home production, Aruvadai Naal starring his son, Prabhu in 1986.
Eduard Nápravník
Eduard Francevič Naprávnik (Russian: Эдуа́рд Фра́нцевич Напра́вник; 24 August 1839 – 10 November 1916) was a Czech conductor and composer. Nápravník settled in Russian Empire and is best known for his leading role in Russian musical life as the principal conductor of the Imperial Mariinsky Theatre in Saint Petersburg for many decades. In that capacity, he conducted the premieres of many operas by Russian composers, including those by Mussorgsky, Tchaikovsky and Rimsky-Korsakov.

Music of Russia
Music has been produced in Russia and/or by Russians. Russia is a large and culturally diverse country, with many ethnic groups, each with their own locally developed music. Russian music also includes significant contributions from ethnic minorities, who populated the Russian Empire, the Soviet Union and modern-day Russia. Russian music went through a long history, beginning with ritual folk songs and the sacred music of the Russian Orthodox Church. The 19th century saw the rise of highly acclaimed Russian classical music, and in the 20th century major contributions by various composers such as Igor Stravinsky as well as Soviet composers, while the modern styles of Russian popular music developed, including Russian rock, Russian hip hop and Russian pop.