hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pleuranthodium hellwigii
Pleuranthodium hellwigii is a monocotyledonous plant species that was first described by Karl Moritz Schumann, and given its current name by Rosemary Margaret Smith. Pleuranthodium hellwigii is part of the genus Pleuranthodium and the family Zingiberaceae.

The species' range is in Papua New Guinea. No subspecies are listed in the Catalog of Life.

Karl Moritz Schumann
Karl Moritz Schumann (17 June 1851 – 22 March 1904) was a German botanist.

Schumann was born in Görlitz. He was curator of the Botanisches Museum in Berlin-Dahlem from 1880 until 1894. He also served as the first chairman of the Deutsche Kakteen-Gesellschaft (German Cactus Society) which he founded on 6 November 1892. He died in Berlin.

Karl Moritz Schumann participated as a collaborator in Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien by  Adolf Engler and K. A. E. Prantl and in Flora Brasiliensis by Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius.

The genera Schumannianthus (Gagnepain), Schumanniophyton (Harms), Schumannia (Kuntze) and several species were named after him, including:
Woo-Hoo Dunnit?
"Woo-Hoo Dunnit?" is the twenty-second and penultimate episode of the thirtieth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons, and the 661st episode overall. The episode was directed by Steven Dean Moore and written by Brian Kelley. It aired in the United States on Fox on May 5, 2019.

In this episode, the Simpson family is investigated to determine who stole Lisa's college fund. Will Forte, Jackie Mason, and Liev Schreiber guest starred. Filmmaker Ken Burns appeared as himself. The episode received positive reviews.

This was the final episode featuring Russi Taylor to be released in her lifetime, two months before her death in July 2019. It was the final episode to feature Jackie Mason as Rabbi Krustofsky before his death in July 2021.

Russi Taylor
Russi Taylor (May 4, 1944 – July 26, 2019) was an American voice actress. She was best remembered for voicing the character of Minnie Mouse from 1986 to 2019 and was married to voice actor Wayne Allwine in 1991, the voice of Mickey Mouse, until his death in 2009. She was the longest-tenured voice actress to voice the character, holding the role for 33 years. She also provided the voices of several characters in The Simpsons, most prominently Martin Prince, Uter Zorker, and Sherri and Terri. She died on July 26, 2019 in Glendale, California from colon cancer, at 75 years of age.
Gumby
Gumby is an American cartoon character and associated media franchise created by Art Clokey. He is a blocky green humanoid made of clay.

Gumby stars in two television series, the film Gumby: The Movie, and other media. Gumby immediately became a famous example of stop-motion clay animation and an American cultural icon, spawning tributes, parodies, and merchandising.

Humanoid
A humanoid (/ˈhjuːmənɔɪd/; from English human and -oid "resembling") is a non-human entity with human form or characteristics. By the 20th century, the term came to describe fossils which were morphologically similar, but not identical, to those of the human skeleton.

Although this usage was common in the sciences for much of the 20th century, it is now considered rare. More generally, the term can refer to anything with distinctly human characteristics or adaptations, such as possessing opposable anterior forelimb-appendages (i.e. thumbs), visible spectrum-binocular vision (i.e. having two eyes), or biomechanic plantigrade-bipedalism (i.e. the ability to walk on heels and metatarsals in an upright position). Humanoids may also include human-animal hybrids (where each cell has partly human and partly animal genetic contents). Science fiction media frequently present sentient extraterrestrial lifeforms as humanoid as a byproduct of convergent evolution.
Four Olds
The Four Olds (simplified Chinese: 四旧; traditional Chinese: 四舊; pinyin: sì jiù) refer to categories used by the Red Guards during the Cultural Revolution to characterize elements of Chinese culture prior to the Chinese Communist Revolution that they were attempting to destroy. The Four Olds were 'old ideas', 'old culture', 'old customs', and 'old habits'. During the Red August of 1966, shortly after the onset of the Cultural Revolution, the Red Guards' campaign to destroy the Four Olds began amid the massacres being carried out in Beijing.

Peking Union Medical College Hospital
Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), also known as Beijing Xiehe Hospital (Chinese: 北京协和医院), is a large teaching hospital in Beijing, China. It was founded in 1921 by the Rockefeller Foundation and is affiliated to both Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) and the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS). During the Cultural Revolution, it was renamed as the "Anti-Imperialist Hospital".

It has two locations: the Dongdan Campus in Wangfujing, Dongcheng District and the Xidan Campus in Damucang Hutong, Xicheng District.

On September 10, 2002, Peking Union Medical College Hospital merged with Post and Telecommunications General Hospital of the Ministry of Information Industry to become Peking Union Medical College Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences.
No Nuclear War
No Nuclear War is the seventh and final studio album by the Jamaican musician Peter Tosh, released in 1987. Tosh was murdered shortly after its release; he had returned to Jamaica after meetings in New York City to discuss the lack of promotion for the album. Tosh was also upset that, despite the language in his contract with EMI Records, the album had been released in South Africa. Before recording No Nuclear War, Tosh had spent four years protesting elements of his record contract.

The album received a Grammy Award for Best Reggae Album in 1988.

EMI Records
EMI Records (formerly EMI Records Ltd.) is a British multinational record label owned by Universal Music Group. It was originally founded as a British flagship label by the music company EMI in 1972, and launched in January 1973 as the successor to its Columbia and Parlophone record labels. The label was later launched worldwide. It has a branch in India called EMI Records India, run by director Mohit Suri. In 2014, Universal Music Japan revived the label in Japan as the successor to EMI Records Japan. In June 2020, Universal revived the label as the successor to Virgin EMI, with Virgin Records now operating as an imprint of EMI Records. In February 2024, UMG Philippines relaunched EMI as a successor to the former EMI Philippines label after 22 years.
Foreign market entry modes
In international trade, foreign market entry modes are the ways in which a company can expand its services into a non-domestic market.

There are two major types of market entry modes: equity and non-equity. The non-equity modes category includes export and contractual agreements. The equity modes category includes joint ventures and wholly owned subsidiaries. Different entry modes differ in three crucial aspects:

The degree of risk they present.

The control and commitment of resources they require.

The return on investment they promise.

Risk
Risk is the possibility of something bad happening, comprising a level of uncertainty about the effects and implications of an activity, particularly negative and undesirable consequences.

Risk theory, assessment, and management are applied but substantially differ in different practice areas, such as business, economics, environment, finance, information technology, health, insurance, safety, security, and privacy. The international standard for risk management, ISO 31000, provides general guidelines and principles on managing risks faced by organizations.
Cregennen Formation
The Cregennen Formation is a geological formation of early Darriwilian age (late Middle Ordovician). It consists of dark grey to black mudstones containing graptolites, with interbedded volcanic units, particularly felsic and mafic tuffs.

Two larger volcanic units developed are the Cefn Hir and Bryn Brith members that form the prominent ridges of Pared-y-Cefn-Hir and Bryn Brith.

Mafic
A mafic mineral or rock is a silicate mineral or igneous rock rich in magnesium and iron. Most mafic minerals are dark in color, and common rock-forming mafic minerals include olivine, pyroxene, amphibole, and biotite. Common mafic rocks include basalt, diabase and gabbro. Mafic rocks often also contain calcium-rich varieties of plagioclase feldspar. Mafic materials can also be described as ferromagnesian.
Gniewkówiec
Gniewkówiec [ɡɲɛfˈkuvjɛt͡s] (German: Gniewkowitz) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Złotniki Kujawskie, within Inowrocław County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland.

Kuyavian–Pomeranian Voivodeship
Kuyavian–Pomeranian Voivodeship (Polish: województwo kujawsko-pomorskie [vɔjɛˈvut͡stfɔ kuˈjafskɔ pɔˈmɔrskʲɛ] ⓘ) is one of Poland's 16 voivodeships (provinces).

It was created on 1 January 1999 and is situated in mid-northern Poland, on the boundary between the two historic regions, from which it takes its name: Kuyavia (Polish: Kujawy) and Pomerania (Polish: Pomorze).

Its two chief cities, serving as the province's joint capitals, are Bydgoszcz and Toruń.
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Nigeria
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Nigeria refers to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and its members in Nigeria.  At year-end 1983, there were 2,255 members in Nigeria.  In 2024, there were 250,341 members in 840 congregations making it the largest body of LDS Church members in Africa.

Stake (Latter Day Saints)
A stake is an administrative unit composed of multiple congregations in certain denominations of the Latter Day Saint movement. The name "stake" derives from the Book of Isaiah: "enlarge the place of thy tent; stretch forth the curtains of thine habitation; spare not, lengthen thy cords, and strengthen thy stakes" (Isaiah 54:2). A stake is sometimes referred to as a stake of Zion.
USS Columbus
Four ships of the United States Navy have been named USS Columbus, the first two after the explorer Christopher Columbus, and the other two after Columbus, Ohio, the capital of the state.

USS Columbus (1774), a 24-gun armed ship purchased for the Continental Navy in 1775, and active until it was captured and burned in 1778

USS Columbus (1819), a 74-gun ship of the line commissioned in 1819, and in periodic service until 1861 when it was sunk to prevent capture

USS Columbus (CA-74), a heavy cruiser commissioned at the very end of World War II, converted to a guided missile cruiser CG-12 in 1959, and decommissioned in 1975

USS Columbus (SSN-762), a Los Angeles-class attack submarine commissioned in 1993 and in active service

USS Columbus (CA-74)
The third USS Columbus (CA-74/CG-12), a Baltimore-class heavy cruiser, was the first ship of the United States Navy named for Columbus, Ohio. She was launched on 30 November 1944 by Bethlehem Steel Co., Quincy, Massachusetts; she was sponsored by Mrs. E. G. Meyers; and commissioned on 8 June 1945.
Bangiwal
Bangiwal is a village in Nakodar in Jalandhar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 19.4 km from Nakodar, 53.1 km from Kapurthala, 43.3 km from district headquarter Jalandhar and 153 km from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by a sarpanch who is an elected representative of village as per Panchayati raj (India).

Jalandhar
Jalandhar (IPA: /d͡ʒəːləndə̀ɾᵊ/) is a city in the state of Punjab in India. With a considerable population, it ranks as the third most-populous city in the state and is the largest city in the Doaba region. Jalandhar lies alongside the historical Grand Trunk Road and is a well-connected junction for both rail and road networks. The National Highway 1 (NH1), crosses Jalandhar, further enhancing its connectivity.
Welsh Football Trust
The FAW Trust (Welsh: Ymddiriedolaeth Bêl-droed Cymru) (formerly known as the Welsh Football Trust) (founded 1996) is recognised as a governing body of sport in Wales by Sport Wales. It was established by the Football Association of Wales (FAW) to encourage more children in Wales to play football, to develop player and coaching talent and to support the future success of Welsh national teams. In addition to the FAW, the FAW Trust is supported by the Welsh Government, Sport Wales and the Premier League.

The FAW Trust is based at the National Football Development Centre, Dragon Park, Newport International Sports Village, Newport.

Welsh Government
The Welsh Government (Welsh: Llywodraeth Cymru, pronounced [ɬəˈwɔdraːɨθ ˈkəmrɨ]) is the devolved government of Wales. It consists of cabinet secretaries and ministers. The government is led by the first minister, usually the leader of the largest party in the Senedd (Welsh Parliament; Welsh: Senedd Cymru), who selects ministers with the approval of the Senedd. The government is responsible for tabling policy in devolved areas (such as health, education, economic development, transport and local government) for consideration by the Senedd and implementing policy that has been approved by it.

The current Welsh Government is a Labour minority administration, following the 2021 Senedd election. It is led by Eluned Morgan who has been the first minister of Wales since August 2024.
1968 New Mexico gubernatorial election
The 1968 New Mexico gubernatorial election took place on November 5, 1968, in order to elect the Governor of New Mexico. Incumbent Republican David Cargo ran for reelection to a second term. This election was the last in which the governor was elected to a two-year term, instead of to a four-year term. As of 2022, this is the last time that Mora County and San Miguel County have voted for the Republican candidate.

San Miguel County, New Mexico
San Miguel County (Spanish: Condado de San Miguel) is a county in the U.S. state of New Mexico. As of the 2020 census, the population was 27,201. Its county seat is Las Vegas.

San Miguel County comprises the Las Vegas Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Albuquerque–Santa Fe–Las Vegas combined statistical area.
WHZN
WHZN (88.3 FM, "Shine.FM") is a radio station licensed to New Whiteland, Indiana. Owned by Olivet Nazarene University, it broadcasts a Christian adult contemporary format serving the Indianapolis area. Its transmitter is located in Trafalgar, Indiana.

Trafalgar, Indiana
Trafalgar is a town in Nineveh and Hensley townships, Johnson County, Indiana, United States. As of the 2020 census, Trafalgar had a population of 1,422.

This town is 20 miles (32 km) south of Indianapolis.
Piero Liatti
Piero Liatti (born 7 May 1962) is an Italian rally driver. His specialty was driving on tarmac rallies like Monte Carlo, Catalunya, Corsica and the San Remo Rally.

As of 2024, Liatti is the last Italian driver to win a rally in the World Rally Championship.

Rally de Catalunya
The Rally Catalunya (formerly: Rallye Catalunya) is a rally competition held in the Catalonia region of Spain, on the World Rally Championship schedule. Now held on the wide, smooth and sweeping asphalt roads around the town of Salou, Costa Daurada, it was previously held around the region of Costa Brava. In the 2012 season, the rally was held 8–11 November.

Rally de Catalunya was first held in 1957; in 1988 it was merged with the Rally Costa Brava and renamed as Rally Catalunya – Costa Brava.
Thukela Water Management Area
Thukela WMA, or Thukela Water Management Area (coded: 7), (also known as the Tugela WMA), Includes only the following major river: the Thukela River, and covers the following Dams:

Craigie Burn Dam Mnyamvubu River

Driel Barrage Tugela River

Mearns Dam Mooi River

Ntshingwayo Dam Ngagane River

Spioenkop Dam Tugela River

Wagendrift Dam Boesmans River

Woodstock Dam Tugela River

Zaaihoek Dam Slang River

Mooi River (Tugela)
The Mooi River is a river in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. It rises in the Mkomazi Nature Reserve in the Drakensberg Mountains, and empties into the Tugela River near Muden. The town of Mooi River lies on the river.
Black Duck River (Newfoundland and Labrador)
The Black Duck River is a short river in St. Mary's Bay, on the Avalon Peninsula, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. It flows from its source through the Black Duck Ponds to its mouth at the Rocky River, near the community of Colinet, just upstream of that river's mouth at St. Mary's Bay on the Atlantic Ocean.

Avalon Peninsula
The Avalon Peninsula (French: Péninsule d'Avalon) is a large peninsula that makes up the southeast portion of the island of Newfoundland in Canada. It is 9,220.61 square kilometres (3,560.10 sq mi) in size.

The peninsula is home to 270,348 people, about 52% of  the province's population, according to the 2016 Canadian census. The peninsula is the location of St. John's, the provincial capital and largest city. It is connected to the main section of the island by the 5 km (3 mi) wide Isthmus of Avalon. The peninsula protrudes into the rich fishing zones near the Grand Banks. Its four major bays (Trinity Bay, Conception Bay, St. Mary's Bay and Placentia Bay) have long been the centre of Newfoundland's fishing industry.
Elizabeth Dayton
Elizabeth Dayton (25 December 1848 – 10 November 1924) was a British-born American poet and author who published under the name Beth Day.

Elizabeth Dayton was born on 25 December 1848 in Chertsey, England, the daughter of Richard Dawson and Mary Smith Dawson.  The family moved to Wisconsin in the United States in 1850, eventually settling in Kaukauna, where Elizabeth Dayton spent most of her life.

Dayton wrote stories for children and poems.  She contributed to publications including Youth's Companion, Chicago Inter-Ocean, Godey's Lady's Book, Demorest's Magazine, the Weekly Wisconsin, Home Magazine, Young Idea, and Our Continent.  She also worked as a reporter for the Kaukauna Sun.

Dayton was active in civic affairs and instrumental in the building of a Carnegie library for the Free Public Library of Kaukauna.

Elizabeth Dayton died on 10 November 1924 in Kaukauna.

Free Public Library of Kaukauna
The Free Public Library of Kaukauna is affiliated with the Outagamie Waupaca Library System. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984 for its significance in education and community planning and development.
Elena Giurcă
Elena Giurcă (11 January 1946 – September 2013) was a Romanian rowing coxswain. She took up rowing in 1966 and debuted internationally at the 1969 European Championships, winning a bronze medal in the eights. Later, she mostly competed in the quadruple sculls, finishing third and fourth at the 1976 and 1980 Summer Olympics, respectively. She also won silver medals in this event at the 1974 and 1977 world championships.

In 1969, Giurcă graduated in English from the University of Bucharest, and later taught English at a military academy. She died aged 67 after surgery for a brain aneurysm.

University of Bucharest
The University of Bucharest (UB) (Romanian: Universitatea din București) is a public research university in Bucharest, Romania. It was founded in its current form on 4 July 1864 (1864-07-04) by a decree of Prince Alexandru Ioan Cuza to convert the former Princely Academy into the current University of Bucharest, making it one of the oldest Romanian universities. It is one of the five members of the Universitaria Consortium (a group of elite Romanian universities).

The University of Bucharest offers study programmes in Romanian and English and is classified as an advanced research and education university by the Ministry of Education.
Castle House, Dunoon
Castle House is situated in the Scottish town of Dunoon, Argyll and Bute. It sits on top of a promontory called Castle Hill, between West Bay and East Bay, overlooking Dunoon Pier and the Firth of Clyde. It was built in 1822, and designed by David Hamilton. It is a Category B listed structure.

Argyll and Bute
Argyll and Bute (Scots: Argyll an Buit; Scottish Gaelic: Earra-Ghàidheal agus Bòd, pronounced [ɛrˠəˈɣɛːəl̪ˠ akəs̪ ˈpɔːtʲ]) is one of 32 unitary council areas in Scotland and a lieutenancy area. The current lord-lieutenant for Argyll and Bute is Jane Margaret MacLeod (14 July 2020). The administrative centre for the council area is in Lochgilphead at Kilmory Castle, a 19th-century Gothic Revival building and estate. The current council leader is Councillor Jim Lynch.

Argyll and Bute covers the second-largest administrative area of any Scottish council. The council area adjoins those of Highland, Perth and Kinross, Stirling and West Dunbartonshire.
FC Hansa Rostock
FC Hansa Rostock (German: [ʔɛf ˈt͡seː ˈhanza ˈʁɔstɔk]) is a German association football club based in the city of Rostock,  Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. The club is also called "the cog" because of its club crest. They have emerged as one of the most successful clubs from the former East Germany after German reunification and have made several appearances in the top-flight Bundesliga. With over 29,000 club members, the club is one of the largest sports clubs in Germany.

After being in the Bundesliga for ten years, from 1995 to 2005, Rostock went into a steady decline. In 2012, the club was relegated to the 3. Liga for the second time, regaining its place in the 2. Bundesliga in 2021. They returned to the 3. Liga after three seasons following relegation in 2023–24.

German Football Association
The German Football Association (German: Deutscher Fußball-Bund [ˈdɔʏtʃɐ ˈfuːsbalˌbʊnt]; DFB [ˌdeːʔɛfˈbeː] ⓘ) is the governing body of football, futsal, and beach soccer in Germany. A founding member of both FIFA and UEFA, the DFB has jurisdiction for the German football league system and is in charge of the men's and women's national teams. The DFB headquarters are in Frankfurt am Main. Sole members of the DFB are the German Football League (German: Deutsche Fußball Liga; DFL), organising the professional Bundesliga and the 2. Bundesliga, along with five regional and 21 state associations, organising the semi-professional and amateur levels. The 21 state associations of the DFB have a combined number of 23,868 clubs with little more than 8 million members, making the DFB the single largest sports federation in the world.
Warhammer 40,000: Dawn of War – Soulstorm
Warhammer 40,000: Dawn of War – Soulstorm is the third expansion to the real-time strategy video game Warhammer 40,000: Dawn of War, developed by Iron Lore Entertainment. Like its predecessors, Soulstorm is based on Games Workshop's tabletop wargame Warhammer 40,000, and introduces a multitude of new features to the Dawn of War series, including two new playable factions in the form of the Imperial Sisters of Battle and the Dark Eldar. It is a stand-alone game and does not need the original Dawn of War disc to run, but players must have the prior games installed and provide valid CD keys for these  in order to play as anything but the two new factions in Multiplayer.

Copy protection
Copy protection, also known as content protection, copy prevention and copy restriction, is any measure to enforce copyright by preventing the reproduction of software, films, music, and other media.

Copy protection is most commonly found on videotapes, DVDs, Blu-ray discs, HD-DVDs, computer software discs, video game discs and cartridges, audio CDs and some VCDs. It also may be incorporated into digitally distributed versions of media and software.

Some methods of copy protection have also led to criticism because it caused inconvenience for paying consumers or secretly installed additional or unwanted software to detect copying activities on the consumer's computer.