hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Elie Salem
Elie Adib Salem (born 1930) is a Lebanese academic, scholar and diplomat. He served as the deputy prime minister and minister of foreign affairs between 1982 and 1984 and as advisor to the president of Lebanon on foreign affairs from 1984 to 1988. He was the president of the University of Balamand from 1993 until his retirement in 2018.

Btourram
Btourram (Arabic: بطرام), also spelled Bterram, Bturan or Beturan is a village in the Koura District of Lebanon. The population is Greek Orthodox and other confessions. In 1953, Bterram had a population of 739 living in 75 households.
Glucuronan lyase
The enzyme glucuronan lyase (EC 4.2.2.14) catalyzes the following process:

Eliminative cleavage of (1→4)-β-D-glucuronans to give oligosaccharides with 4-deoxy-β-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl groups at their non-reducing ends. Complete degradation of glucuronans results in the formation of tetrasaccharides.

This enzyme belongs to the family of lyases, specifically those carbon-oxygen lyases acting on polysaccharides.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is (1→4)-β-D-glucuronan lyase. This enzyme is also called (1,4)-β-D-glucuronan lyase.

Lyase
In biochemistry, a lyase is an enzyme that catalyzes the breaking (an elimination reaction) of various chemical bonds by means other than hydrolysis (a substitution reaction) and oxidation, often forming a new double bond or a new ring structure. The reverse reaction is also possible (called a Michael reaction). For example, an enzyme that catalyzed this reaction would be a lyase:

ATP → cAMP + PPi

Lyases differ from other enzymes in that they require only one substrate for the reaction in one direction, but two substrates for the reverse reaction.
Asia-Pacific Journal of Operational Research
The Asia-Pacific Journal of Operational Research (APJOR) aims to provide a "forum for practitioners, academics and researchers in Operational Research and related fields, within and beyond the Asia-Pacific region". It is also the official journal of the Association of Asian-Pacific Operational Research Societies within IFORS (APORS)] and is published by World Scientific. It has an emphasis on papers of practical relevance to the field of Operational Research.

World Scientific
World Scientific Publishing is an academic publisher of scientific, technical, and medical books and journals headquartered in Singapore. The company was founded in 1981. It publishes about 600 books annually, with more than 170 journals in various fields. In 1995, World Scientific co-founded the London-based Imperial College Press together with the Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine.
The Best Australian Poetry 2007
The Best Australian Poetry 2007 is an anthology of poetry published by  UQP in 2007.  The series editors are Bronwyn Lea and Martin Duwell; the guest editor for the 2007 anthology was John Tranter.

The selected poems were drawn from the following Australian literary magazines: The Australian Book Review, Blast magazine, Blue Dog, Famous Reporter, Going Down Swinging, Heat, Hecate, Meanjin, Southerly, Space: New Writing, and the Weekend Australian.

The 40 contributors are:

Hecate (journal)
Hecate: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Women's Liberation is an Australian feminist academic journal, founded in 1975.

It is currently published by Hecate Press, in association with the Centre for Women, Gender, Culture and Social Change Research, in the School of English, Media Studies and Art History at the University of Queensland. Its current and foundation editor is Carole Ferrier. In 1997 Hecate Press amalgamated the Australian Women's Book Review to become the Hecate's Australian Women's Book Review.
Katete District
Katete District with headquarters at Katete in Eastern Province, Zambia, includes woodland in the north sloping down into the Luangwa Valley, good farmland amid rocky hills in the centre, and deforested plateau exposed to soil erosion and degradation in the south along the border with Mozambique. As of the 2022 Zambian Census, the district had a population of 214,072 people. It consists of two constituencies, namely Mkaika and Milanzi.

Luangwa River
The Luangwa River is one of the major tributaries of the Zambezi River, and one of the four biggest rivers of Zambia. The river generally floods in the rainy season (December to March) and then falls considerably in the dry season.  It is one of the biggest unaltered rivers in Southern Africa and the 52,000 square kilometres (20,000 sq mi) that make up the surrounding valley are home to abundant wildlife. The Nsefu sector in South Luangwa is known for its Leopard population and intact wilderness.
The Foundation for a Better Life
The Foundation for a Better Life is a nonprofit 501(c)(3) organization that was founded in 2000 to "promote good values". The foundation creates public service campaigns to share with others its interpretation of values, including honesty, caring, and optimism, in order to create better social paradigms. The foundation communicates its message through television, outdoor advertising, theatre, radio, and the internet; it is best known for the "Pass It On" campaign, in which viewers are encouraged to live by and pass on certain values, with the rationale that examples of individuals living values-based lives may not change the world but collectively they make a difference.

Although criticised for spreading political ideologies, it officially declares itself a non-partisan and non-sectarian organization, funded solely by the Anschutz Family Foundation.

Honesty
Honesty or truthfulness is a facet of moral character that connotes positive and virtuous attributes such as integrity, truthfulness, straightforwardness (including straightforwardness of conduct: earnestness), along with the absence of lying, cheating, theft, etc. Honesty also involves being trustworthy, loyal, fair, and sincere.

A reputation for honesty is denoted by terms like reputability and trustworthiness. Honesty about one's future conduct, loyalties, or commitments is called accountability, reliability, dependability, or conscientiousness.

Someone who goes out of their way to tell possibly unwelcome truths extends honesty into the region of candor or frankness. The Cynics engaged in a challenging sort of frankness like this called parrhêsia.
Opernhauskrawalle
Opernhauskrawalle (Opera House riots) is the Swiss German term generally used for the youth protests at the end of May 1980 in the Swiss city of Zürich, a municipality in the Canton of Zürich. Also called Züri brännt ("Zürich is burning"), these events marked the 'rebirth' of the alternative youth movement in Switzerland in the 1980s.

John Doe
John Doe (male) or Jane Doe (female) are multiple-use placeholder names that are used in the British, Canadian, and American legal systems, when the true name of a person is unknown or is being intentionally concealed. In the context of law enforcement in the United States, such names are often used to refer to a corpse whose identity is unknown or cannot be confirmed. These names are also often used to refer to a hypothetical "everyman" in other contexts, like John Q. Public or "Joe Public". There are many variants to the above names, including John (or Richard)/Jane Roe, John/Jane Smith, Joe/Jane Bloggs, and Johnie/Janie Doe or just Baby Doe for children. The gender-neutral A. N. Other is also a placeholder name, mainly used in the United Kingdom.
Adventures of a Dentist
Adventures of a Dentist (Russian: Похождения зубного врача, romanized: Pokhozhdyeniya zubnovo vracha) is a 1965 Soviet dark comedy film directed by Elem Klimov on Mosfilm.  It is currently available to view through the Criterion Channel, and is occasionally screened at film festivals.

A dentist is derided (and nearly has his life ruined) by his jealous colleagues for his natural talent of painlessly pulling out teeth.

Dentist
A dentist, also known as a dental doctor, dental physician, dental surgeon, is a health care professional who specializes in dentistry, the branch of medicine focused on the teeth, gums, and mouth. The dentist's supporting team aids in providing oral health services. The dental team includes dental assistants, dental hygienists, dental technicians, and sometimes dental therapists.
United Nations Security Council Resolution 282
United Nations Security Council Resolution 282, adopted on July 23, 1970, concerned by violations of the arms embargo passed against South Africa in Resolution 181, the Council reiterated its total opposition to the policies of apartheid and reaffirmed its previous resolutions on the topic.  The Council called upon states to strengthen the arms embargo by ceasing the provision of military training to members of the South African armed forces and by taking appropriate action to give effective to the resolution's measures.

The resolution was adopted with 12 votes; France, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States abstained from voting.

Arms embargo
An arms embargo is a restriction or a set of sanctions that applies either solely to weaponry or also to "dual-use technology." An arms embargo may serve one or more purposes:

to signal disapproval of the behavior of a certain actor

to maintain neutrality in an ongoing conflict

as a peace mechanism that is part of a peace process to resolve an armed conflict

to limit the ability of an actor to inflict violence on others

to weaken a country's military capabilities before a foreign intervention
Soviet destroyer Vnezapny
Vnezapny is the name of the following ships of the Soviet Navy:

Soviet destroyer Vnezapny (1947), a Akizuki-class destroyer acquired from Japan (ex-Harutsuki), renamed Oskol in 1949, stricken in 1969

Soviet destroyer Vnezapny (1951), a Skory-class destroyer sold to Indonesia in 1959, decommissioned in 1971

Japanese destroyer Harutsuki
Harutsuki (春月, "Spring Moon") was an Akizuki-class destroyer of the Imperial Japanese Navy. Her name means "Spring Moon". She was different from her other sisters, as she was built as a flagship for the Escort Fleet.
Silkeborg North (nomination district)
Silkeborg North nominating district is one of the 92 nominating districts that was created for Danish elections following the 2007 municipal reform It is one of the two nominating districts in Silkeborg Municipality, the other being Silkeborg South.

In general elections,  parties commonly associated with the blue bloc has always won the most votes.

Silkeborg Municipality
Silkeborg Municipality (Danish: Silkeborg Kommune) is a municipality (Danish, kommune) in Region Midtjylland on the Jutland peninsula in central Denmark.  The municipality covers an area of 857.16 km2, and has a population of 101,574 (1 January 2025).  Its mayor is Helle Gade, of the party Social Democrats (Denmark). The main town and the site of its municipal council is the town of Silkeborg.

On 1 January 2007, Silkeborg municipality was, as the result of Kommunalreformen ("The Municipal Reform" of 2007), merged with Gjern, Kjellerup, and Them municipalities to form the new Silkeborg municipality.

The municipality is part of Business Region Aarhus and of the East Jutland metropolitan area, which had a total population of 1.378 million in 2016.
El Wiam
El Wiam (French: Parti de l'Entente Démocratique et Sociale, lit. 'Party of the Democratic and Social Agreement', PEDS) was a centrist political party in Mauritania led by former minister Boydiel Ould Houmeid. It was made up mainly of officials from the government of President Maaouya Ould Taya.

Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya
Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Ould Taya (born 28 November 1941) is a Mauritanian military officer and politician who served as the President of Mauritania from 1984 to 2005. He also served as the fifth Prime minister of Mauritania from 1981 to 1992 except for a brief period in 1984.

Born in Atar, French West Africa, Ould Taya studied at Franco-Arab school and then French military school. He participated in the Western Sahara War against the Polisario Front. Ould Taya was appointed Chief of the Army staff in July 1980 and then as Prime minister in April 1981 after an unsuccessful coup attempt against Mohamed Haidalla.

Having come to power through a bloodless military coup, he won the 2003 elections and was ousted by a military coup in 2005. During his presidency, he pursued policies of Arab nationalism and deepening ties with the United States. He established close relations with Saddam Hussein of Iraq and had a pro-Iraqi stance on the Gulf War.
Eleutherodactylus lucioi
Eleutherodactylus lucioi (common name: St. Nicholas robber frog) is a species of frog in the family Eleutherodactylidae. It is endemic to Haiti, where it is only known from a single specimen collected near Môle-Saint-Nicolas in Nord-Ouest department.

Môle-Saint-Nicolas
Môle-Saint-Nicolas (French pronunciation: [mol sɛ̃ nikɔla]; Haitian Creole: Mòlsennikola or Omòl) is a commune in the north-western coast of Haiti. It is the chief town of the Môle-Saint-Nicolas Arrondissement in the department of Nord-Ouest.
Surinder Pal Singh Sibia
Surinder Pal Singh Sibia is an Indian politician, and a member of Indian National Congress. He served as MLA of Sangrur from 2007 to 2012. He contested from Sangrur in 1997, 2007, and 2012, while twice (2002 and 2017) from Barnala. Sibia has also served as vice-president of Punjab Pradesh Congress Committee. Sibia joined Shiromani Akali Dal in 2016 ahead of 2017 assembly elections, and contested from Barnala where he was defeated by Meet Hayer. In 2019, he rejoined Congress in presence of then Punjab Chief Minister Amarinder Singh.

Gurmeet Singh Meet Hayer
Gurmeet Singh Meet Hayer is an Indian politician and a prominent member of Aam Aadmi Party (AAP). Currently serving as the Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha for Sangrur constituency and is also the Floor leader of Aam Aadmi Party in Lok Sabha.

Previously he represented Barnala constituency as a Member of the Punjab Legislative Assembly for two consecutive terms. Hayer first won the assembly elections in 2017, defeating Indian National Congress candidate Kewal Singh Dhillon, and repeated his success in 2022 with a commanding margin, securing nearly 50% of the votes.

During his tenure in the Mann ministry, he held several key portfolios. Additionally, he has served as the in-charge of AAP's Youth Wing in Punjab.

Hayer is passionate about sports, environmental sustainability, and climate change. A wildlife enthusiast and advocate for animal welfare, he is deeply committed to these causes
Bank of Gueydan
The  Bank of Gueydan, located at 214 Main St. in Gueydan in Vermilion Parish, Louisiana, was built in 1902.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.

It is Romanesque Revival in style.

It is a two-story masonry commercial building with two well-preserved arcaded exterior faces onto the two streets of its corner location.

Gueydan, Louisiana
Gueydan (local pronunciation [ge(ɪ)dɔ̃]) is a town in Vermilion Parish, Louisiana, United States. The population was 1,398 at the 2010 census, down from 1,598 in 2000. At the 2020 population estimates program, its population decreased to 1,328. It is part of the Abbeville micropolitan statistical area.
Il Secolo XIX
Il Secolo XIX (Il Secolo Decimonono [il ˈsɛːkolo detʃimoˈnɔːno]) is an Italian newspaper published in Genoa, Italy, founded in March 1886, subsequently acquired by Ferdinando Maria Perrone in 1897 from Ansaldo. It is one of the first Italian newspapers to be printed in colour. On 16 January 2006, its 129th anniversary, the local radio "Radio 19" was launched (receivable also on the Metropolitana di Genova).

In 1997, Il Secolo XIX had a circulation of 127,825 copies. The 2008 circulation of the paper was 103,223 copies.

On 29 September 2024, the newspaper was acquired by Blue Media Srl, a company controlled by the MSC group.

Genoa Metro
The Genoa Metro (Italian: Metropolitana di Genova, Ligurian: Metropolitànn-a de Zêna) is a light rapid transit system consisting of a single line that connects the centre of Genoa, Italy with the suburb of Rivarolo Ligure, to the north-west of the city centre.  The service is currently managed by Azienda Mobilità e Trasporti (AMT), which provides public transport for the city of Genoa.

It is a 7.1 kilometres (4.4 mi) long 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) (standard gauge) double-track line and is electrified with overhead lines at 750 volts DC. It has a direct connection with the underground suburban station under Trenitalia's mainline railway stations, Principe and Brignole.
2017 ASB Classic – Men's doubles
Mate Pavić and Michael Venus were the defending champions, but Pavić chose to compete in Sydney instead. Venus played alongside Robert Lindstedt, but lost in the first round to Nicholas Monroe and Artem Sitak.

Marcin Matkowski and Aisam-ul-Haq Qureshi won the title, defeating Jonathan Erlich and Scott Lipsky in the final, 1–6, 6–2, [10–3].

2017 Apia International Sydney
The 2017 Apia International Sydney was a joint 2017 ATP World Tour and 2017 WTA Tour tennis tournament, played on outdoor hard courts in Sydney, New South Wales (NSW). It was the 124th edition of the tournament and took place at the NSW Tennis Centre in Sydney, Australia. It was held from 8 January through 14 January 2017 as part of the Australian Open Series in preparation for the first Grand Slam of the year.

The women's main-draw ranking cut-off was 29, making it the highest cut-off of any WTA tournament in the world in the past year.
Northern Railway (Russia)
The Severnaya Railway (Северная железная дорога; "Northern Railway") is a railway network linking Moscow with Arkhangelsk on the coast of the Arctic Ocean. It runs through Arkhangelsk, Komi, Vologda, Kostroma, Yaroslavl, Ivanovo, and Vladimir regions of the Russian Federation.

Northern Railway counts its age from 15 September 1868 when its first part, Shuya-Ivanovo Railway connecting Ivanovo, Shuya and Novki, was opened.

The Yaroslavl Railway, owned by Savva Mamontov, was one of the first railways in Russia. The Alexandrov–Yaroslavl–Vologda line was opened in 1872. There are several monuments to Savva Mamontov along the road. The original Moscow–Yaroslavl Mainline is no longer operated from Yaroslavl; it was transferred to the Moscow Railway in 1959.

Ivanovo
Ivanovo (Russian: Иваново, IPA: [ɪˈvanəvə] ⓘ) is a city in Russia and the administrative center and largest city of Ivanovo Oblast, located 254 kilometers (158 mi) northeast of Moscow and approximately 100 kilometers (62 mi) from Yaroslavl, Vladimir and Kostroma. Ivanovo has a population of 361,644 as of the 2021 Census, making it the 50th largest city in Russia. Until 1932, it was previously known as Ivanovo-Voznesensk. It is the youngest city of the Golden Ring of Russia.

The city lies on the Uvod River, in the centre of the eponymous oblast. Ivanovo gained city status in 1871, emerged as a major center for textile production, and began to be referred to as the "Russian Manchester". The city is served by Ivanovo Yuzhny Airport.
Augusta Read Thomas
Augusta Read Thomas (born April 24, 1964) is an American composer and University Professor of Composition in the Department of Music at the University of Chicago, where she is also director of the Chicago Center for Contemporary Composition.

Santa Fe Opera
Santa Fe Opera (SFO) is an American opera company, located 7 miles (11 km) north of Santa Fe, New Mexico. After creating the Opera Association of New Mexico in 1956, its founding director, John Crosby, oversaw the building of the first opera house on a newly acquired former guest ranch of 199 acres (0.81 km2). The company has presented operas each summer festival season since July 1957, and is internationally known for introducing new operas as well as for its productions of the standard operatic repertoire. Five operas are presented each season during the summer.

Since its inception, Santa Fe Opera has staged 45 American premieres and 19 world premieres, including Emmeline, The Tempest, The (R)evolution of Steve Jobs, Adriana Mater, and Cold Mountain.
Tribhuvan Ambote
Tribhuvan Ambote  is a village development committee in Sindhuli District in the Janakpur Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2,895 people living in 526 individual households.

Janakpur Zone
Janakpur Zone (Nepali: जनकपुर अञ्चल Listenⓘ) was one of the fourteen zones of Nepal, reaching from the Indian border in the south to the Tibetan border in the north and Sagarmatha Zone in the east and Bagmati and Naryani Zones in the west.

The headquarters of Janakpur Zone and its main city was Janakpur. Close to the Indian border, it is a historic city of Hinduism. The city is believed to have been the capital city of King Janaka, the father-in-law of Lord Rama, the son of the then king of Ayodhya, Dasharatha. The city was then called 'Mithila Nagari'. The name of Janakpur zone is related to the historic King Janaka and his capital Janakpur.

Other cities within Janakpur Zone are Kamalamai (in Inner Terai), Manthali (in Hill), Bhimeshwor (in Himalaya) and Bardibas, Dhalkebar, Jaleshwor, Malangwa, Hariwan, Lalbandi, Gaushala Bazar and Matihani (Outer Terai).
Henry McKean
Henry P. McKean, Jr. (December 10, 1930 – April 20, 2024) was an American mathematician at the Courant Institute in New York University. He worked in various areas of analysis. He obtained his PhD in 1955 from Princeton University under William Feller.

McKean was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1980. In 2007, he was awarded the Leroy P. Steele Prize for his life's work. In 1978, he was an invited speaker at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Helsinki (Algebraic curves of infinite genus arising in the theory of nonlinear waves). In 2012, he became a fellow of the American Mathematical Society.

His doctoral students include Michael Arbib, Luigi Chierchia, Donald A. Dawson, Harry Dym, Daniel Stroock, Eugene Trubowitz, Victor Moll and Pierre van Moerbeke and Uri Keich.

McKean died on April 20, 2024, aged 93.

Pierre van Moerbeke
Pierre van Moerbeke (born 1 October 1944 in Leuven, Belgium) is a retired Belgian mathematician. He studies non-linear differential equations and partial differential equations, with soliton behavior. The Volterra lattice, also called the Kac-van Moerbeke lattice, is named for him.
Lilith's Brood
Lilith's Brood, previously known as the Xenogenesis Trilogy, is a collection of three science fiction works by Octavia E. Butler: Dawn, Adulthood Rites, and Imago.

The books were previously collected in the now out-of-print omnibus edition Xenogenesis. The collection was republished under the current title of Lilith's Brood in 2000. A 2025 collection of the books published by the Library of America combines the series names as Lilith's Brood: The Xenogenesis Trilogy.

Library of America
The Library of America (LOA) is a nonprofit publisher of classic American literature. Founded in 1979 with seed money from the National Endowment for the Humanities and the Ford Foundation, the LOA has published more than 300 volumes by authors ranging from Nathaniel Hawthorne to Saul Bellow, Frederick Douglass to Ursula K. Le Guin, including selected writing of several U.S. presidents. Anthologies and works containing historical documents, criticism, and journalism are also published. Library of America volumes seek to print authoritative versions of works; include extensive notes, chronologies, and other back matter; and are known for their distinctive physical appearance and characteristics.