hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tiziana Di Matteo (astrophysicist)
Tiziana M. Di Matteo is an astrophysicist and cosmologist. Born in Italy and educated in Canada and England, she has worked in Germany and the US; she directs the McWilliams Center for Cosmology & Astrophysics at Carnegie Mellon University, where she is a professor of physics. Her research has involved the computer simulation of galaxy formation and evolution, galaxy mergers, the effects of these mergers on the growth of the supermassive black hole at the centers of galaxies, and the effects of these black holes on the growth of the galaxies that surround them.

Supermassive black hole
A supermassive black hole (SMBH or sometimes SBH) is the largest type of black hole, with its mass being on the order of hundreds of thousands, or millions to billions, of times the mass of the Sun (M☉). Black holes are a class of astronomical objects that have undergone gravitational collapse, leaving behind spheroidal regions of space that nothing, not even light, can escape. Observational evidence indicates that almost every large galaxy has a supermassive black hole at its center. For example, the Milky Way galaxy has a supermassive black hole at its center, corresponding to the radio source Sagittarius A*. Accretion of interstellar gas onto supermassive black holes is the process responsible for powering active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and quasars.

Two supermassive black holes have been directly imaged by the Event Horizon Telescope; these are Sagittarius A, at the center of the Milky Way, and the black hole at the center of Messier 87, a giant elliptical galaxy.
MERCON
Mercon represents a series of technical standards for automatic transmission fluid, developed and trademarked by Ford Motor Company. This designation serves as a mark of quality that Ford has established for fluids used in automatic transmissions. The Mercon name, which has evolved into a brand, is licensed by Ford to various manufacturers. These companies are authorized to produce the fluid according to Ford's specifications and market it under their own brand names.

The specifications outlined under the Mercon label cover various aspects such as viscosity, friction characteristics, and thermal stability, which are essential for the transmission fluid to perform under a wide range of operating conditions. This careful regulation ensures that all licensed Mercon fluids provide consistent quality and performance, giving consumers confidence in their use of aftermarket products.

Hydramatic
Hydramatic (also known as Hydra-Matic) is an automatic transmission developed by General Motors Corporation's Oldsmobile Division. The Hydramatic was the first mass-produced fully automatic transmission developed for passenger automobile use. The Hydra-Matic transmission was introduced by Oldsmobile in 1939 for the 1940 model year, one year before Cadillac.
Tswelopele Local Municipality
Tswelopele Municipality (Sotho: Masepala wa Tswelopele; Xhosa: uMasipala wase Tswelopele; Tswana: Mmasepala wa Tswelopele) is a local municipality within the Lejweleputswa District Municipality, in the Free State province of South Africa. Tswelopele is a Sesotho word meaning "progress".

Lejweleputswa District Municipality
The Lejweleputswa District Municipality (Sotho: Masepala wa Setereke wa Lejweleputswa; Xhosa: uMasipala weSithili sase Lejweleputswa; Afrikaans: Lejweleputswa-distriksmunisipaliteit) is one of the 5 districts of the Free State province of South Africa. The seat of the municipality  is Welkom. As of 2011, a majority of its 657,019 residents speak Sotho. The district code is DC18. Lejweleputswa is a Sesotho word meaning "grey rock".
Greece at the 2018 Winter Paralympics
Greece sent competitors to the 2018 Winter Paralympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea. One person represented Greece with snowboarder Konstantinos Petrakis. It is the first time a snowboarder has represented Greece at the Winter Paralympics. Greece first went to the Winter Paralympics in 2002. The 2018 Games are the fifth time they sent a team to the Winter Paralympics.

Pyeongchang County
Pyeongchang (American English: /ˌpjʌŋˈtʃɑːŋ/ pyung-CHAHNG, Korean: [pʰjʌŋtɕʰaŋ]; in full, Pyeongchang-gun [pʰjʌŋtɕʰaŋɡun]) is a county in the state of Gangwon, South Korea, located in the Taebaek Mountains region. It is home to several Buddhist temples, including Woljeongsa. It is about 180 km (110 mi) east southeast of Seoul, the capital of South Korea, and connected by expressways and high-speed passenger railways. Pyeongchang's slogan, "Happy 700 Pyeongchang", is taken from its average elevation of approximately 700 metres (2,300 ft).

Pyeongchang hosted the 2018 Winter Olympics and the 2018 Winter Paralympics. It was officially rebranded as "PyeongChang" (with a capital 'C') for the purposes of the 2018 Games, in order to avoid confusion with Pyongyang in North Korea.
Bruce Benderson
Bruce Benderson (born August 6, 1946) is an American author, born to parents of Russian Jewish descent, who lives in New York. He attended William Nottingham High School (1964) in Syracuse, New York and then Binghamton University (1969). He is today a novelist, essayist, journalist and translator, widely published in France, less so in the United States.

In 2004, Benderson's lengthy erotic memoir Autobiographie érotique, about a nine-month sojourn in Romania, won the prestigious French literary prize Prix de Flore. The book was published in the United States (Tarcher/Penguin) and the United Kingdom (Snow Books) in 2006 under the title The Romanian: Story of an Obsession.

MIT Press
The MIT Press is the university press of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), a private research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The MIT Press publishes a number of academic journals and has been a pioneer in the open access movement in academic publishing.
Protopopov
Protopopov is the surname of several Russian individuals.

Alexander Protopopov (1866–1918), Russian Minister of Interior 1916–17

Mikhail Protopopov (1848–1915), Russian journalist and literary critic

Oleg Protopopov (1932–2023), Russian figure skater
The skating duo of Oleg and his wife Ludmila Belousova (1935–2017) are known as The Protopopovs

Sergei Protopopov (1893–1954), Russian composer and music theorist

Vasiliy Yakovlevich Protopopov (1846–1914), mayor of Odessa

Victor Protopopov (1880–1957), Russian psychiatrist

Yakiv Protopopov, member of the Combined Bandurist Capella

Oleg Protopopov
Oleg Alekseyevich Protopopov (Russian: Оле́г Алексе́евич Протопо́пов; 16 July 1932 – 31 October 2023) was a Russian pair skater who represented the Soviet Union. With his wife Ludmila Belousova he was a two-time Olympic champion (1964, 1968) and four-time World champion (1965–1968). In 1979, the pair defected to Switzerland and became Swiss citizens in 1995. They continued to skate at ice shows and exhibitions until their seventies.
Paavo Rintala
Paavo Olavi Rintala (20 September 1930 – 8 August 1999) was a Finnish novelist and theologian. He also wrote theatre pieces, radio plays and prose.

Rintala was born in Viipuri, Finland. He has won the Finnish State Prize for Literature (Kirjallisuuden valtionpalkinto) many times, including in 1956, 1963, 1966, 1972, 1972 and 1991. He won the Finlandia Prize as a Finnish laureate for his 1991 novel Sarmatian Orfeus. He also won the Runeberg Prize (in Finnish Runeberg-palkinto) in 1994. In 1971, Rintala was awarded the Pro Finlandia medal. Two of his novels have been adapted to film by Finnish film director Mikko Niskanen. First was the 1958 novel Pojat adapted in 1962 with same title (English title The Boys). The other was the 1963 novel Sissiluutnantti adapted to film as Sissit.

Rintala died in Kirkkonummi, Finland, and he is buried in the Hietaniemi Cemetery in Helsinki.

Kirkkonummi
Kirkkonummi (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈkirkːoˌnumːi]; Swedish: Kyrkslätt, Finland Swedish: [ˈtɕyrːkslet] ⓘ, Sweden Swedish: [ˈɕʏ̂rːkslɛt]) is a municipality in Finland, located in the southern coast of the country. Kirkkonummi is situated in the western part of the Uusimaa region. The population of Kirkkonummi is approximately 42,000. It is the 28th most populous municipality in Finland. Kirkkonummi is part of the Helsinki Metropolitan Area, which has approximately 1.62 million inhabitants.

Kirkkonummi is situated on the northern shore of the Gulf of Finland and borders Espoo, Vihti, Siuntio and Ingå. The literal translation of the Finnish name "Kirkkonummi" into English is “church heath”; the Swedish name "Kyrkslätt" translates to “church plain".

Kirkkonummi is a bilingual municipality with Finnish and Swedish as its official languages. The population consists of 73% Finnish speakers, 15% Swedish speakers, and 13% speakers of other languages.
Hell Is a World Without You
Hell Is a World Without You is a coming-of-age novel by journalist Jason Kirk. It tells the story of a group of teenagers born into Evangelicalism in the United States. Set in the early 2000s, the novel depicts religious deconstruction, 9/11-era conservative politics, purity culture, end-times paranoia, debates about afterlife theology, and humor about both Christian and secular pop culture.

Hell Is a World Without You was received with positive reviews by critics including Kirkus Reviews and Publishers Weekly, with Sojourners naming it one of the 20 "best faith and justice books of the century." It was a best-seller according to USA Today.

Purity culture
Purity culture was a movement in the 1990s within Christianity which emphasized sexual abstinence before marriage.

Prominent in American Christian communities in the 1990s, purity culture emphasizes modest dress for women, strict gender roles, and discouragement of dating and masturbation (of women more than men), tying sexual behavior closely to spiritual identity and communal belonging. Practices like purity balls, virginity pledges, and purity rings reinforce these ideals, often fostering unhealthy expectations, emotional harm, and vulnerability to abuse. Though it faded in popularity after the 2000s, its influence persists both in the U.S. and abroad.
Nijolė Sabaitė
Nijolė Sabaitė (née Razienė, born August 12, 1950 in Raseiniai, Lithuanian SSR) is a retired Lithuanian middle distance runner who represented internationally the USSR. She trained at VSS Nemunas in Vilnius.

Sabaitė began athletics in 1967 and was a member of the USSR National Team since 1970. She competed mainly in the 800 metres, and won an Olympic silver medal in 1972, between Germans Hildegard Falck (gold) and Gunhild Hoffmeister (bronze). She also won 800m silver at the 1973 Summer Universiade behind Lilyana Tomova from Bulgaria, studying in Vilnius Pedagogical Institute. In 1972 she was awarded the Order of the Badge of Honor.

Vytautas Magnus University Education Academy
Vytautas Magnus University Education Academy (Lithuanian: Vytauto Didžiojo universiteto Švietimo akademija or VDU ŠA) – an academical unit of Vytautas Magnus University, which specialized in preparing school teachers and other educators. Located in Vilnius and Kaunas, Lithuania.
Fifita
Fifita is a Tongan given name and surname. Notable people with the name include:

Given name:

Fifita Moala (born 1980), Tongan rugby league footballer

Fifita Mounga (born 1973), Tongan rugby union footballer

Surname:

Andrew Fifita (born 1989), Australian rugby league footballer

Alipate Fifita (born 1982), Tongan professional wrestler

Pila Fifita (born 1975), Tongan rugby union footballer

John Fifita, Tongan rugby league footballer

Steve Fifita (born 1982), American football player

Talai Fifita (born 1962), Tongan rugby union footballer

Tonga Fifita (born 1959), Tongan professional wrestler

Tevita Fifita (born 1983), American professional wrestler

Ruha Fifita, (born 1990), New Zealand artist

Vaea Fifita, (born 1992), New Zealand rugby union footballer

Vunipola Fifita (born 1996), Australian rugby union footballer

Noah Fifita (born 2003), American football player

John Fifita
John Fifita (Tongan: Sione Fifita) (born 28 July 1959) is a Tongan former professional rugby league footballer who represented Tonga in the 1986 Pacific Cup and played as a professional in England and Australia.
1929 World Figure Skating Championships
The World Figure Skating Championships is an annual figure skating competition sanctioned by the International Skating Union in which figure skaters compete for the title of World Champion.

Men's competitions took place from March 4 to 5 in London, United Kingdom. Ladies' and pairs' competitions took place from February 2 to 3 in Budapest, Hungary.

Eduard Engelmann Jr.
Eduard Engelmann Jr. (14 July 1864 – 31 October 1944) was an Austrian figure skater, engineer, and cyclist. He was a three-time gold medallist at the European Figure Skating Championships. He had three children, all of whom became figure skaters: Edi, Helene and Christine, who married Karl Schäfer.
Bruce Hurley
Bruce Hurley (February 16, 1934 – November 4, 2020), was an American politician in the state of Tennessee. Hurley served in the Tennessee House of Representatives as a Republican from the 9th District from 1971 to 1989.

A native of Hancock County, Tennessee, he was a safety engineer, real estate developer, farmer. and businessman. Hurley served in the United States Army and was an alumnus of East Tennessee State University.

In 2017, Hurley was convicted of three counts of shoplifting in Rogersville, Tennessee.

Rogersville, Tennessee
Rogersville is a town in and the county seat of Hawkins County, Tennessee, United States. It was settled in 1775 by the grandparents of Davy Crockett. It is named for its founder, Joseph Rogers. Tennessee's second oldest courthouse, the Hawkins County Courthouse, first newspaper The Knoxville Gazette, and first post office are all located in Rogersville. The Rogersville Historic District is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Rogersville is part of the Kingsport-Bristol-Bristol, TN-VA Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is a component of the Tri-Cities region.

As of the 2020 census, Rogersville had a population of 4,671.
98s
98s is a British hip-hop collective based in Hackney, London. The group is named after the two postcodes, E9 (Homerton) and E8 (Holly street ), where the members are from. Their members include V9, Unknown T, Kay-O (formerly KO), HitMan, DA, DLA, Jimmy, Stally, Alchubbino, Billy Billions, and Mazza. They released their debut album, Class of 98s, on 24 September 2020.

Homerton
Homerton (/ˈhɒmərtən/ HOM-ər-tən) is an area in London, England, in the London Borough of Hackney. It is bordered to the west by Hackney Central, to the north by Lower Clapton, in the east by Hackney Wick, Leyton and by South Hackney to the south. There are fifty listed buildings located within the boundaries of the Homerton electoral ward.
Form 1099-R
In the United States, Form 1099-R is a variant of Form 1099 used for reporting on distributions from pensions, annuities, retirement or profit sharing plans, IRAs, charitable gift annuities and Insurance Contracts. Form 1099-R is filed for each person who has received a distribution of $10 or more from any of the above.

Some of the items included on the form are the gross distribution, the amount of the distribution that is taxable, the amount withheld for tax purposes, and a code that represents the type of distribution made to plan holder.

Charitable gift annuity
A charitable gift annuity is a gift vehicle that falls into the category of planned giving. It involves a contract between a donor and a charity, whereby the donor transfers assets, such as cash or securities, to the charity in exchange for a partial tax deduction and a lifetime stream of periodic income from the charity. When the donor dies, the charity keeps the remaining assets.

The amount of the income stream is determined by many factors, including the donor's age and the policy of the charity. Most charities in the United States use payout rates recommended by the American Council on Gift Annuities.
Nick Knott
William Nickolas Earl Knott (July 23, 1920 – April 12, 1987) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player who played 19 games in the National Hockey League for the Brooklyn Americans during the 1941–42 season. He also played several seasons in the United States Hockey League, and retired in 1950. He was born in Kingston, Ontario.

United States Hockey League (1945–1951)
The United States Hockey League was a minor professional ice hockey league that operated from 1945 to 1951. It was a post-World War II revival of the American Hockey Association, which shut down in the fall of 1942. The league playoff champion was awarded the Paul W. Loudon Trophy while the regular season champions were awarded the Directors' Cup.

Going into the league meetings in June 1951, there were rumors that half of the teams in the league were ready to pull out of the USHL. League vice-president, Harry Fowler of the Omaha Knights, said that a group in Wichita, Kansas was expected to apply for membership, and Sioux City, Iowa had also been mentioned as a potential addition to the league. The league ended up folding.
Petrovsky District, Russia
Petrovsky District is the name of several administrative and municipal districts in Russia. The districts' name generally derives from or is related to the male first name Pyotr.

Petrovsky District, Saratov Oblast, an administrative and municipal district of Saratov Oblast

Petrovsky District, Stavropol Krai, an administrative and municipal district of Stavropol Krai

Petrovsky District, Tambov Oblast, an administrative and municipal district of Tambov Oblast

Peter (given name)
Peter is a common masculine given name. It is derived directly from Greek Πέτρος, Petros (an invented, masculine form of Greek petra, the word for "rock" or "stone"), which itself was a translation of Aramaic Kefa ("stone, rock"), the new name Jesus gave to apostle Simon bar Jonah. An Old English variant is Piers.
2026 Brisbane International – Men's singles
Daniil Medvedev defeated Brandon Nakashima in the final, 6–2, 7–6(7–1) to win the men's singles tennis title at the 2026 Brisbane International. It was his 22nd ATP Tour title.

Jiří Lehečka was the defending champion, but retired in the second round against Sebastian Korda.

Matteo Arnaldi
Matteo Arnaldi (born 22 February 2001) is an Italian  professional tennis player. He has a career high  ATP singles ranking of world No. 30, achieved on 12 August 2024, and a doubles ranking of No. 286, achieved on 8 August 2022. He is currently the No. 7 Italian. Representing Italy, he was part of the victorious Italian team at the 2023 Davis Cup, and won the gold medal at the 2022 Mediterranean Games in men's doubles.
Mojkovac Municipality
Mojkovac Municipality (Montenegrin: Opština Mojkovac / Општина Мојковац) is one of the municipalities of Montenegro. The municipality is located in northern Montenegro. The administrative center of the municipality is the town of Mojkovac.

Montenegrin language
Montenegrin (crnogorski / црногорски [tsr̩nǒɡorskiː]) is the standard variety of the Serbo-Croatian language mainly used by Montenegrins. It is the official language of Montenegro. Montenegrin is based on the most widespread dialect of Serbo-Croatian, Shtokavian, more specifically on Eastern Herzegovinian, which is also the basis of Standard Serbian, Croatian, and Bosnian.

The language used in Montenegro has historically and traditionally been called simply as Serbian. The idea of a Montenegrin standard language distinct from Serbian is a relatively recent political development that emerged in the late 1990s and early 2000s amid the breakup of Yugoslavia. It was closely associated with movements advocating Montenegrin independence from Serbia and Montenegro. Following independence, Montenegrin was designated the official language of Montenegro in 2007 with the adoption of a new constitution.
Outline of astronomy
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to astronomy:

Astronomy – studies the universe beyond Earth, including its formation and development, and the evolution, physics, chemistry, meteorology, and motion of celestial objects (such as galaxies, planets, etc.) and phenomena that originate outside the atmosphere of Earth (such as the cosmic background radiation). Astronomy also intersects with biology, as astrobiology, studying potential life throughout the universe.

Phenomenon
A phenomenon  (pl. phenomena), sometimes spelled phaenomenon, is an observable event. The term came into its modern philosophical usage through Immanuel Kant, who contrasted it with the noumenon, which cannot be directly observed. Kant was heavily influenced by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz in this part of his philosophy, in which phenomenon and noumenon serve as interrelated technical terms. Far predating this, the ancient Greek Pyrrhonist philosopher Sextus Empiricus also used phenomenon and noumenon as interrelated technical terms.
Deliming
The deliming operation in leather processing is a drum/paddle or pit based operation where two main objectives are met:

Removal of alkali from the pelt and the consequent deswelling of the fibres.

Lowering of the liquor pH to the values used in the bating process.

Deliming operations of cattle hides usually last two hours and are generally associated with the alkaline phase of beamhouse operations. The progress of deliming in pelts is monitored by the checking of pH values of process liquors and in the cutting of a pelt cross-section. Phenolphthalein is used to monitor deliming pelt cross-sectional progress.

Alkali
In chemistry, an alkali (/ˈælkəlaɪ/ ⓘ; from the Arabic word al-qāly, القالِي) is a basic salt of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal. An alkali can also be defined as a base that dissolves in water. A solution of a soluble base has a pH greater than 7.0. The adjective alkaline, and less often, alkalescent, is commonly used in English as a synonym for basic, especially for bases soluble in water. This broad use of the term is likely to have come about because alkalis were the first bases known to obey the Arrhenius definition of a base, and they are still among the most common bases.
Hanley Swan
Hanley Swan is a small village in the English county of Worcestershire. It lies in the Malvern Hills district, between the towns of Malvern (two miles [3.2 km] away) and Upton-upon-Severn (approximately three miles [5 km] away). Together with  the nearby  village of Hanley Castle, its population  is about 1500. The traditional English village centre includes a village green and pond, a pub, a Social Club and a village stores. Hanley Swan won the 2009 Calor Herefordshire and Worcestershire Village of the Year competition, a heat of the national Village of the year competition. Hanley Swan was an inspiration for the setting of the novel Black Swan Green by David Mitchell.

Calor Gas
Calor is a brand of bottled butane and propane which is available in Britain and Ireland. It comes in cylinders, which have a special gas regulator.

The company was formed in 1935, and is one of the UK's largest suppliers of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). It is currently servicing around 4 million homes and businesses, supplying LPG to power gas appliances from central heating and hot water, as well as cookers, fires and barbecues. The company predominantly supplies LPG to homes in rural areas where there is no mains natural gas supply. In the United Kingdom, Calor is part of the SHV Gas Group a private Dutch company. Calor originally dealt only with cooking and heating appliances, but now covers a wider range of products for home, business, and automotive fuels.

Such was the company's ubiquity at one point that the term "Calor Gas" became a generic term in the UK for all bottled LPG canisters and LPG-fuelled appliances.