hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
PUSH (opera)
PUSH is an English-language opera in one act, with libretto and music by Howard Moody.

The opera is based on events during the Holocaust in Belgium, specifically the story of Simon Gronowski's escape from a Holocaust train on April 19, 1943.

Simon Gronowski
Simon Gronowski (born October 12, 1931) is a doctor of law, lawyer, jazz pianist, Holocaust survivor and author of the autobiography "L'Enfant du XXe Convoi" (The Child of the 20th Convoy). He served as president of the "Association of the Jewish Deportees in Belgium. Daughters and Sons of the Deportation". His escape as a boy from a train bound for Auschwitz inspired an opera. His memoir was recounted in a children’s picture book, "Simon, le petit évadé".
Plas Gwynant
Plas Gwynant is an educational resort in Snowdonia, Wales. This country estate also includes a woodland and riverside walks, as well as a parkland and 19-century garden set. It was built and developed by Daniel Vawdry in 1803. Today, the resort is owned by Sandwell Metropolitan Borough Council, and most primary schools in Sandwell visit it on a yearly basis. West Bromwich Mountaineering Club renovated a disused barn in the grounds and have used it as their climbing hut since the early 1960s. The gardens and parkland are listed at Grade II on the Cadw/ICOMOS Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in Wales.

Plas Gwynant also became the home of historian James Anthony Froude, who arrived there with his wife in 1850. An account cited that notable figures such as Max Muller, Matthew Arnold, Arthur Clough, and Richard Powles spend their time with him there during spring and summer.

Arthur Hugh Clough
Arthur Hugh Clough (/klʌf/ KLUF; 1 January 1819 – 13 November 1861) was an English poet, an educationalist, and the devoted assistant to Florence Nightingale. He was the brother of suffragist Anne Clough and father of Blanche Athena Clough, who both became principals of Newnham College, Cambridge.
Cruise of the Jasper B
Cruise of the Jasper B is a 1926 American silent action comedy film produced by Cecil B. DeMille and directed by James W. Horne. The film is loosely based on the 1916 novel of the same name by American poet Don Marquis, although the film adaptation and novel share little in common.

Mildred Harris
Mildred Harris (November 29, 1901 – July 20, 1944) was an American stage, film, and vaudeville actress during the early part of the 20th century. She began her career in the film industry as a child actress at age 10. She was also the first wife of Charlie Chaplin.
Directed information
Directed information is an information theory measure that quantifies the information flow from the random string   to the random string . The term directed information was coined by James Massey and is defined as

where  is the conditional mutual information .

Directed information has applications to problems where causality plays an important role such as the capacity of channels with feedback, capacity of discrete memoryless networks, capacity of networks with in-block memory, gambling with causal side information, compression with causal side information, real-time control communication settings, and statistical physics.

Memorylessness
In probability and statistics, memorylessness is a property of probability distributions. It describes situations where previous failures or elapsed time does not affect future trials or further wait time. Only the geometric and exponential distributions are memoryless.
Nguyễn Hoàng Hải (badminton)
Nguyễn Hoàng Hải (born 8 May 1986) is a Vietnamese badminton player from Army team. He was the bronze medalists at the 2009 Southeast Asian Games in the men's singles event, also in the team event in 2005. He represented his country at the 2006 Asian Games.

Badminton at the 2006 Asian Games
Badminton was contested at the 2006 Asian Games in Doha, Qatar.  Singles, doubles, and team events were contested for both men and women. Mixed Doubles were also contested. Competition took place from November 30 to December 9. All events were held at Aspire Hall 3.
Tacoma Power
Tacoma Power is a public utility providing electrical power to Tacoma, Washington and the surrounding areas. Tacoma Power serves the cities of Tacoma, University Place, Fircrest, and Fife, and also provides service to parts of Steilacoom, Lakewood, and unincorporated Pierce County. It is a division of the Tacoma Public Utilities and owns the Click! Network, developed by Steven Klein, Tacoma Power's former superintendent.

Steilacoom, Washington
Steilacoom (/ˈstɪləkəm/ STIL-ə-kəm) is a town in Pierce County, Washington, United States. The population was 6,727 at the 2020 census. Steilacoom incorporated in 1854 and became the first incorporated town in what later became the state of Washington. It has also become a bedroom community for service members stationed at Joint Base Lewis–McChord, aka McChord AFB and Fort Lewis.

Based on per capita income, Steilacoom ranks 61st of 522 areas ranked in the state of Washington.
Internet background noise
Internet background noise (IBN), also known as Internet background radiation (IBR, by analogy with natural background radiation), consists of data packets on the Internet addressed to IP addresses or ports where there is no network device set up to receive them. Network telescopes observe the Internet background radiation.

These packets often contain unsolicited commercial or network control messages, backscatters, port scans, and worm activities.

Smaller devices such as DSL modems may have a hard-coded IP address to look up the correct time using the Network Time Protocol. If, for some reason, the hard-coded NTP server is no longer available, faulty software might retry failed requests up to every second, which, if many devices are affected, generates a significant amount of unnecessary request traffic.

Data-rate units
In telecommunications, data rate units are commonly multiples of bits per second (bit/s) and bytes per second (B/s). For example, the data rates of modern residential high-speed Internet connections are commonly expressed in megabits per second (Mbit/s).
They are used as units of measurement for expressing data transfer rate, the average number of bits (bit rate), characters or symbols (symbol rate), or data blocks per unit time passing through a communication link in a data-transmission system.
Mark Anstey
Mark Anstey is a former Welsh international lawn and indoor bowler.

He won a bronze medal in the fours with Dai Wilkins, Ian Slade and Neil Rees at the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur.

He is a two times Welsh National Champion, winning the fours in 1988 and 1989, when bowling for the Abergavenny Bowls Club. He is also a former Welsh indoor national champion.

1998 Commonwealth Games
The 1998 Commonwealth Games (Malay: Sukan Komanwel 1998), officially known as the XVI Commonwealth Games (Malay: Sukan Komanwel ke-16), were a multi-sport event held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The 1998 Games were the first to be held in Asia, and the last Commonwealth Games of the 20th century. For the first time ever, the Games included team sports. Around 3,638 athletes from 70 Commonwealth member nations participated at the Games, which featured 214 events in 15 sports with 34 of them collected medals.
Yasemin Güveli
Yasemin Güveli (born 5 January 1999) is a Turkish professional volleyball player. She is 1.88 m (6 ft 2 in) tall at 70 kg (150 lb), and plays in the Middle Blocker position. She plays for Galatasaray in Istanbul, and is a member of the Turkey women's national volleyball team.

2021 FIVB Women's Volleyball Nations League
The 2021 FIVB Women's Volleyball Nations League was the third edition of the FIVB Women's Volleyball Nations League, an annual women's international volleyball tournament. This edition was scheduled to start earlier than the previous edition due to the 2020 Summer Olympics in July. It was held in between May and June 2021, and the final round took place at the Rimini Fiera in Rimini, Italy.

United States won their third title in the competition, outlasting Brazil in the final. Turkey swept the third place match against Japan. Michelle Bartsch-Hackley claimed her second MVP title of the tournament.
Enemion
Enemion (false rue-anemone) are spring ephemerals with white flowers, branching stems, and finely divided leaves in the buttercup family. One species, Enemion biternatum, is native to eastern and central North America, while Enemion occidentale, stipitatum, hallii, and savilei are native to the West Coast of the United States and Canada. The genus Isopyrum is similar, and has species native to Europe and Asia.

Enemion comes from Ancient Greek ἠνέμιον (ēnémion), another word for ἀνεμώνη "anemone".

Ephemeral plant
An ephemeral plant is a plant with a very short life cycle or very short period of active growth, often one that grows only during brief periods when conditions are favorable. Several types of ephemeral plants exist. The first, spring ephemeral, refers to plants that emerge quickly in the spring and die back to their underground parts after a short growth and reproduction phase. Desert ephemerals are plants which are adapted to take advantage of the short wet periods in arid climates. Mud-flat ephemerals take advantage of short periods of low water. In areas subjected to recurring human disturbance, such as plowing, weedy ephemerals are very short-lived plants whose entire life cycle takes less than a growing season. In each case, the species has a life cycle timed to exploit a short period when resources are freely available. An evergreen plant could be considered the opposite of an ephemeral plant.
Blasieholmen
Blasieholmen is a peninsula in central Stockholm, Sweden. It is located east of Kungsträdgården. Originally a small island, named Käpplingen, it became a peninsula, connected to Norrmalm, during the 17th century. Among the buildings at Blasieholmen are the Nationalmuseum, hotels and office buildings. The Skeppsholmsbron bridge connects Blasieholmen to the island of Skeppsholmen. The Blasieholmen Church was demolished in 1964.

Kungsträdgården
Kungsträdgården (Swedish for "King's Garden") is a park in central Stockholm, Sweden.  It is colloquially known as Kungsan.

The park's central location and its outdoor cafés makes it one of the most popular hangouts and meeting places in Stockholm.  It also hosts open-air concerts and events in summer, while offering an ice rink during winters. There are also a number of cafés, art galleries and restaurants; for example Galleri Doktor Glas, a name taken from the novel Doctor Glas by Hjalmar Söderberg published in 1905.

The park is divided into four distinct spaces (south to north): (1) Square of Charles XII; (2) Molin's Fountain; (3); Square of Charles XIII and (4) "Fountain of Wolodarski" (which does not have an official name).  The park is administered and events in it organized by the Stockholm Chamber of Commerce.
Wordian
In the geologic timescale, the Wordian is an age or stage of the Permian. It is the middle of three subdivisions of the Guadalupian Epoch or Series. The Wordian lasted between 266.9 and 264.28 million years ago (Ma). It was preceded by the Roadian and followed by the Capitanian.

Series (stratigraphy)
Series are subdivisions of rock layers based on the age of the rock  and formally defined by international conventions of the geological timescale. A series is therefore a sequence of strata defining a chronostratigraphic unit. Series are subdivisions of systems and are themselves divided into stages.

Series is a term defining a unit of rock layers formed during a certain interval of time (a chronostratigraphic unit); it is equivalent (but not synonymous) to the term geological epoch (see epoch criteria) which defines the interval of time itself, although the two words are sometimes confused in informal literature.
Mortimer Phillips Bainbridge
Mortimer Phillips Bainbridge (10 November 1808 – 15 July 1857) was an American politician.

Bainbridge was a lawyer born in Louisville, Kentucky, on 10 November 1808. He later moved to Iowa Territory, where, on 22 July 1839, he married Elizabeth Sarah Ann Graham Hooe at Fort Snelling. Bainbridge was elected to the Iowa Legislative Assembly as a Whig from Dubuque County between 1840 and 1842. He was president of the Iowa Council and held the District 10 seat. After the Whig Party dissolved, Bainbridge joined the Democratic Party. He died in King George County, Virginia on 15 July 1857.

Iowa Territory
The Territory of Iowa was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from July 3, 1838, until December 28, 1846, when the southeastern portion of the territory was admitted to the Union as the state of Iowa. The remainder of the territory would have no organized territorial government until the Minnesota Territory was organized on March 3, 1849.
Clic Air
Clic Air (formerly known as EasyFly and officially Empresa Aérea de Servicios y Facilitación Logística Integral S.A.) is a regional airline that operates in Colombia. Its main focus is to serve intermediate cities and those not served by other carriers. Operations started in October 2007, with one British Aerospace Jetstream 41 aircraft. Its main base is El Dorado International Airport, Bogotá. Alfonso Ávila, the founder of EasyFly, was also one of the founders of Aero República in 1992.

Regional airline
A regional airline is a general classification of airline which typically operates scheduled passenger air service, using regional aircraft, between communities lacking sufficient demand or infrastructure to attract mainline flights. In North America, most regional airlines are classified as "fee-for-departure" carriers, operating their revenue flights as codeshare services contracted by one or more major airline partners. A number of regional airlines, particularly during the 1960s and 1970s, were classified as commuter airlines in the Official Airline Guide (OAG).
Trychosis ingrata
Trychosis ingrata is an insect that belongs to the order Hymenoptera and the family of ichneumon wasps (Ichneumonidae).  The scientific name of the species was first published and validated by Carl Tschek in 1871.

Hymenoptera
Hymenoptera is a large order of insects, comprising the sawflies, wasps, bees, and ants. Over 150,000 living species of Hymenoptera have been described, in addition to over 2,000 extinct ones. Many of the species are parasitic. Females typically have a special ovipositor for inserting eggs into hosts or places that are otherwise inaccessible. This ovipositor is often modified into a stinger. The young develop through holometabolism (complete metamorphosis)—that is, they have a wormlike larval stage and an inactive pupal stage before they reach adulthood.
The Boy's Doin' It
The Boy's Doin' It is the seventeenth studio album by South African trumpeter Hugh Masekela. It was recorded in New York City and in Lagos, Nigeria, and released in June 1975 via Casablanca Records label. The album was re-released on CD in 1998 on Verve Records, with six additional tracks.

Casablanca Records
Casablanca Records is an American record label owned by Universal Music Group and operated under Republic Records. Under its founder Neil Bogart, Casablanca was most successful during the disco era of the mid to late 1970s. The label focuses on dance and electronic music under the direction of Brett Alperowitz.
The Last Don 2
The Last Don II is the sixth studio album by Don Omar, released on June 16, 2015, through Pina Records and Machete Music. It is the sequel of Don Omar's first album, The Last Don, released in 2003, and includes twelve songs and includes the participation of reggaeton stars Wisin & Yandel, Daddy Yankee, Tego Calderón, Plan B, and Natti Natasha. Contrary of Don Omar's latest album, The Last Don II focuses on reggaeton, with exceptions including two hip hop tracks and one latin pop track. It features four singles: "Soledad", "Guaya Guaya", "Perdido En Tus Ojos" and "Te Recordaré Bailando". And songs ''Callejero", "En Lo Oscuro", Olvidar Que Somos Amigos", Dobla Rodilla", "Tirate Al Medio", " Bailando Bajo El Sol", "Sandunga". The songs themes includes dance, sex, love and human self-reflection. It was nominated for a Latin Grammy Award for Best Urban Music Album in the ceremony's 16th edition in 2015.

Self-reflection
Self-reflection is the ability to witness and evaluate one's own cognitive, emotional, and behavioural processes. In psychology, other terms used for this self-observation include "reflective awareness" and "reflective consciousness", which originate from the work of William James.

Self-reflection depends upon a range of functions, including introspection and metacognition, which develop from infancy through adolescence, affecting how individuals interact with others, and make decisions.

Self-reflection is related to the philosophy of consciousness, the topic of awareness, and the philosophy of mind.

The concept of self-reflection is ancient. More than 3,000 years ago, "Know thyself" was the first of three Delphic maxims inscribed in the forecourt of the Temple of Apollo at Delphi. It is also considered a form of thought that generates new meaning and an opportunity to engage with what seemingly appears incongruous.
Neale Stoner
Neale R. Stoner (1936 – February 14, 2023) was an American college athletics coach and administrator. He served as the head men's basketball coach at the University of California, San Diego from 1966 to 1969 and at California Polytechnic State University from 1969 to 1972, compiling a career college basketball coaching record of 86–65. Stoner was the athletic director at California State University, Fullerton from 1972 to 1979 and at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign from 1980 to 1988.

Fullerton College
Fullerton College (FC) is a public community college in Fullerton, California, United States. It is part of the California Community Colleges System and the North Orange County Community College District. Established in 1913, it is the oldest community college in continuous operation in California.
Sanjana Jatav
Sanjana Jatav (born 1 May 1998; Hindi pronunciation: [sə̃d͡ʒən̪aː d͡ʒaːʈəʋ]) is an Indian politician from Bharatpur, Rajasthan. She is a member of the Indian National Congress. She was elected to the 18th Lok Sabha, the lower house of the parliament in 2024 from the Bharatpur. She is among the youngest MPs from Rajasthan.

2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election
Legislative Assembly elections were held in Rajasthan on 25 November 2023 to elect 199 of the 200 members of Rajasthan Legislative Assembly. The results were declared on 3 December 2023. The election for the Karanpur seat was adjourned following the death of Rajasthan PCC candidate Gurmeet Singh Kooner.

The BJP Rajasthan wrested power by winning 115 seats, unseating the Indian National Congress from power and continuing the trend of governments changing every five years in the state. Bhajan Lal Sharma became the Chief Minister of Rajasthan.
Andrea Adamo (racing manager)
Andrea Adamo (born 25 May 1971 in Turin, Italy), is an Italian engineer and racing manager. He was appointed to the role of Hyundai Shell Mobis WRT team principal in the World Rally Championship in January 2019, replacing Michel Nandan. Under his leadership, the team secured their maiden manufacturers' title in 2019.

Cuneo
Cuneo (Italian: [ˈkuːneo] ⓘ; Piedmontese: Coni [ˈkʊni]; Occitan: Coni [ˈkuni]; French: Coni [kɔni]) is a city and comune in Piedmont, Italy, the capital of the province of Cuneo, the fourth largest of Italy's provinces by area.

It is located at an elevation of 550 metres (1,800 ft) in the south-west of Piedmont, at the confluence of the rivers Stura and Gesso.

Cuneo is bounded by the municipalities of Beinette, Borgo San Dalmazzo, Boves, Busca, Caraglio, Castelletto Stura, Centallo, Cervasca, Morozzo, Peveragno, Tarantasca and Vignolo.

It is located near six mountain passes:

Colle della Maddalena at 1,996 metres (6,549 ft)

Colle di Tenda at 1,871 metres (6,138 ft) – Tunnel of Tenda at 1,300 metres (4,300 ft), 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) long

Colle del Melogno at 1,027 metres (3,369 ft)

Colle San Bernardo at 957 metres (3,140 ft)

Colle di Nava at 934 metres (3,064 ft)

Colle di Cadibona at 459 metres (1,506 ft).
Waterford City and County Council
Waterford City and County Council (Irish: Comhairle Cathrach agus Contae Phort Láirge) is the local authority of the City of Waterford and County Waterford in Ireland. It came into operation on 1 June 2014 after the 2014 local elections. It is a merger of Waterford City Council and Waterford County Council under the provisions of the Local Government Reform Act 2014. As a city and county council, it is governed by the Local Government Act 2001. The council is responsible for housing and community, roads and transportation, urban planning and development, amenities, arts and culture, and environment.

The council has 32 elected members. Elections are held every five years and are by single transferable vote. The head of the council has the title of Mayor. The city and county administration is headed by a chief executive, Seán McKeown.  The administrative centres are Waterford and Dungarvan.

Local Government Reform Act 2014
The Local Government Reform Act 2014 (No. 1) is an act of the Oireachtas which provided for a major restructuring of local government in Ireland with effect from the 2014 local elections.  It merged some first-tier county and city councils, abolished all second-tier town and borough councils, and created a new second tier of municipal districts covering rural as well as urban areas. It also provided for a plebiscite on whether to create a directly elected executive Mayor of the Dublin Metropolitan Area (distinct from the existing ceremonial office of Lord Mayor of Dublin city) although this provision was not activated. The act was introduced as a bill on 15 October 2013 by Phil Hogan, the Minister for the Environment, Community and Local Government, and signed into law on 27 January 2014 by President Michael D. Higgins. Most of its provisions came into force on 1 June 2014.
Bokhwaru
Bokhwaru (Korean: 복화루; Chinese: 福華樓; pinyin: Fúhuálóu) is a historic Korean Chinese restaurant in Incheon, South Korea. It opened in 1945 and has remained a family business since then. By 2020, it was operated by the son of the founder. The restaurant has reportedly been recognized by the Blue Ribbon Survey three times.

The restaurant was founded by Lee Bok-chung (이복충; Korean name, Chinese name not given), a Chinese immigrant from Shandong, China. He arrived in Korea during the late Japanese colonial period, in 1939, and initially worked as a trader. In 1942, he arrived in Incheon. He set up shop within Bupyeong Market, which was then bustling with activity due to nearby Japanese military factories. The restaurant moved to its current location in 1947. Lee's son was born in Incheon, and eventually took over the business; by 2018 he was over 70 years old and preparing to hand of the restaurant to the next generation.

Korean Chinese cuisine
Korean Chinese cuisine (Korean: 중화요리; Hanja: 中華料理), also known as Sino–Korean cuisine, is a hybrid cuisine developed by the ethnic Chinese in Korea.

Despite originally being derived from Chinese cuisine, Korean-Chinese cuisine consists of unique dishes with Korean flavours and ingredients, making it a hybrid cuisine.

In South Korea, the food is usually delivered. In other parts of the world, Korean Chinese dishes are typically served in Korean restaurants as well as in Chinese restaurants whose owners are immigrants from Korea or if they are from a Chinese–Korean family.