hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dieter Zeppenfeld
Dieter Zeppenfeld from the University of Wisconsin–Madison, was awarded the status of Fellow in the American Physical Society, after they were nominated by their Division of Particles and Fields in 1999, for pioneering contributions to the theoretical formulation of effective electroweak gauge boson interactions in a model-independent way and in the linear-sigma model, which initiated phenomenological and experimental studies of gauge boson anomalous coup.

Gauge boson
In particle physics, a gauge boson is a bosonic elementary particle that acts as the force carrier for elementary fermions. Elementary particles whose interactions are described by a gauge theory interact with each other by the exchange of gauge bosons, usually as virtual particles.

Photons, W and Z bosons, and gluons are gauge bosons. All known gauge bosons have a spin of 1 and therefore are vector bosons. For comparison, the Higgs boson has spin zero and the hypothetical graviton has a spin of 2.

Gauge bosons are different from the other kinds of bosons: first, fundamental scalar bosons (the Higgs boson); second, mesons, which are composite bosons, made of quarks; third, larger composite, non-force-carrying bosons, such as certain atoms.
Hutchinson station
Hutchinson station is a train station in Hutchinson, Kansas, United States, served by Amtrak's Southwest Chief train. Hutchinson station was originally a Victorian structure built in 1897 that was replaced by a more contemporary brick depot in 1950. Both buildings were built and owned by the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway. The original station included The Bisonte, a Harvey House.

Fred Harvey Company
The Fred Harvey Company was the owner of the Harvey House chain of restaurants, hotels and other hospitality industry businesses alongside railroads in the Western United States. It was founded in 1876 by Fred Harvey to cater to the growing number of train passengers.

When Harvey died in 1901, his family inherited 45 restaurants and 20 dining cars in 12 states. During World War II, Harvey Houses opened again to serve soldiers as they traveled in troop trains across the U.S. By 1968, when it was sold to Amfac, Inc. (now Xanterra Parks and Resorts, as of 2002), the Fred Harvey Company was the sixth largest food retailer in the United States. It left behind a lasting legacy of good food, dedication to customers, decent treatment of employees, and preservation of local traditions.
2013 Fast5 Netball World Series
The 2013 Fast5 Netball World Series was the 5th Fast5 Netball World Series. New Zealand hosted Australia, England, Jamaica, Malawi and South Africa in a series, played in November 2013, at Auckland's Vector Arena. With a team coached by Janine Southby and captained by Casey Kopua, New Zealand won the series for the fourth time after defeating Australia 56–27 in the final. Sky Sport (New Zealand) was the main broadcaster. The broadcast was hosted by Melodie Robinson, with a commentary panel that included Temepara Bailey and Geva Mentor.

Melodie Robinson
Melodie Robinson (born 25 May 1973) is a New Zealand sports journalist and presenter, and former international rugby union player for the New Zealand women's national rugby union team. She played 18 tests for the New Zealand women's team, the Black Ferns, from 1996 to 2002. Robinson won two world cups in that time, playing blindside or openside flanker. She also represented New Zealand in sevens at the Hong Kong 7s and Japan 7s.
Jane Kent
Jane Kent (born 1952) is an American artist and professor of printmaking at the University of Vermont. Her work is included in the collections of the Whitney Museum of American Art, The RISD Museum and the Smithsonian American Art Museum.

Rhode Island School of Design Museum
The Museum of Art, Rhode Island School of Design, commonly known as the Rhode Island School of Design Museum (RISD Museum), is the art museum of the Rhode Island School of Design, a private art school in Providence, Rhode Island, United States. The museum was co-founded with the school in 1877. It is the 20th-largest art museum in the United States, and has seven curatorial departments.
Nicholas I of Werle
Nicholas I, Lord of Werle (c. 1210 – 14 May 1277), was Lord of Rostock from 1229 to 1234 and Lord of Werle from 1234 until his death.

In the division of Mecklenburg of 1234, he received the Lordship of Werle.  He was regent of Rostock for his younger brother Henry Borwin III, until his brother came of age.

He waged war together with Duke Barnim I of Pomerania against the Margraviate of Brandenburg and lost Perleberg, Wesenberg and Penzlin.  However, after the death of his brother Pribislaw I, he managed to secure Parchim, Plau and Goldberg for himself.  In 1275, he arbitrated in a conflict between his sons.

He strongly supported the founding of cities in its territory.  He saw this as a way to develop the land.

He died in 1277.  After his death, his sons divided Werle between themselves.

Penzlin
Penzlin (German pronunciation: [ˈpɛntsliːn] ⓘ) is a town in the Mecklenburgische Seenplatte district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. It is situated 13 km southwest of Neubrandenburg, and 27 km east of Waren. In July 2008 it absorbed the former municipality Alt Rehse, in June 2009 the former municipalities Groß Vielen, Groß Flotow, Marihn and Mollenstorf, in January 2011 Klein Lukow and in January 2012 Mallin.
Emperor: Battle for Dune
Emperor: Battle for Dune is a real-time strategy video game, released by Westwood Studios in June 2001. It is based in Frank Herbert's science fiction Dune universe. It follows its predecessors, Dune II and Dune 2000. While Dune II was a distinct story to that of Dune, and Dune 2000 was a remake of Dune II, Emperor: Battle for Dune is a direct sequel to the previous games. In particular, it is a sequel to Dune 2000, carrying on from where it left off, with several of the characters and actors returning. Like Dune 2000 and many of the other Westwood games that came before it, Emperor features Full Motion Video cut scenes filmed with actors.

Frank Herbert
Franklin Patrick Herbert Jr. (October 8, 1920 – February 11, 1986) was an American science-fiction author, best known for his 1965 novel Dune and five sequels to it. He also wrote short stories and worked as a newspaper journalist, photographer, book reviewer, ecological consultant, and lecturer.

Dune is the best-selling science fiction novel of all time, and the series is a classic of the science-fiction genre. The series has been adapted numerous times, including the feature film David Lynch's Dune (1984), the miniseries Frank Herbert's Dune (2000) and Children of Dune (2003), and a motion picture trilogy currently in production, with Denis Villeneuve's Dune (2021) and Dune: Part Two (2024) having been released.
Zhuque-2
Zhuque-2 (Chinese: 朱雀二号; pinyin: Zhūquè èr hào; lit. 'Zhuque-2', ZQ-2) is a Chinese medium-class orbital launch vehicle developed by LandSpace. It is a liquid-fuelled rocket powered by liquid oxygen and liquid methane (methalox) and was the first methane-fueled rocket to reach orbit.

Liquid-propellant rocket
Liquid rocket fuel.

Oxidizer.

Pumps carry the fuel and oxidizer.

The combustion chamber mixes and burns the two liquids.

Combustion product gasses enter the nozzle through a throat.

Exhaust exits the rocket.

A liquid-propellant rocket or liquid rocket uses a rocket engine burning liquid propellants. (Alternate approaches use gaseous or solid propellants.) Liquids are desirable propellants because they have reasonably high density and their combustion products have high specific impulse (Isp). This allows the volume of the propellant tanks to be relatively low.
North Mason High School
North Mason High School is a public high school located in Belfair, Washington. It was constructed in 1982-1983 as part of North Mason School District and was replaced in fall of 2015 as a 95,000 square foot building for grades 9-12. It is one of two high school in the district.

Belfair, Washington
Belfair is a census-designated place in Mason County, Washington, United States.  Located at the mouth of the Union River at Hood Canal, it serves as the commercial center of northern Mason County. The population of the surrounding area grows in the summertime, as the Canal and the Olympic Peninsula are popular with tourists. The population is currently estimated at 5,711 as of 2025.
Risten–Lakvik Museum Railway
The Risten–Lakvik Museum Railway (Swedish: Risten-Lakviks Järnväg) is a 600 mm (1 ft 11+5⁄8 in) narrow-gauge heritage railway located in southern Östergötland, between Norrköping and Åtvidaberg in Sweden.

Centred on Lakvik, and utilising part of the former trackbed of the Norsholm–Västervik–Hultsfred Railway (NVHJ), the line runs north to Backasand, and south to a junction at Rosenhall, with a branch line Risten. The main line continues towards Pälstorp, although not yet reaching as far. The ultimate aim is to reach as far as Torphängen.

Norrköping
Norrköping (/ˈnɔːrʃəpɪŋ/ ⓘ NOR-shə-ping, Swedish: [ˈnɔ̂rːˌɕøːpɪŋ] ⓘ) is a city in the province of Östergötland in eastern Sweden and the seat of Norrköping Municipality, Östergötland County, about 160 km (100 miles) southwest of the national capital Stockholm, 40 km (25 miles) east of county seat Linköping and 60 km (40 miles) west of the Södermanland capital of Nyköping. The city has a population of 98,229 inhabitants in 2023, out of a municipal total of 144,980, making it Sweden's eleventh largest city and tenth largest municipality.

The city is situated by the mouth of the river Motala ström, at Bråviken, an inlet of the Baltic Sea. Water power from the Motala ström and the good harbour were factors that facilitated the rapid growth of this once industrial city, known for its textile industry.
Rajkumar Thukral
Rajkumar Thukral is an Indian politician and a former member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. Thukral was a member of the Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly from the Rudrapur constituency in Udham Singh Nagar district. He tendered his resignation to the top leadership of the Bharatiya Janata Party on 27 January 2022 after District President of Bharatiya Janata Party. Shiv Arora got ticket from Rudrapur Constituency for Assembly Elections 2022. Shiv Arora won 2022 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election by a margin of more than 19,800 votes.

Udham Singh Nagar district
Udham Singh Nagar district is a district of Uttarakhand state in northern India. Rudrapur is the district headquarter. The district consists of nine Tehsils named Bajpur, Gadarpur, Jaspur, Kashipur, Khatima, Kichha, Nanakmatta, Rudrapur, Sitarganj. The district is located in the Terai region, and is part of Kumaon Division. It is bounded on the north by Nainital District, on the northeast by Champawat District, on the east by Nepal, and on the south and west by Bareilly, Rampur, Moradabad, Pilibhit and Bijnor District of Uttar Pradesh state. The district was created on 29 September 1995, by Mayawati government out of Nainital District. It is named for freedom fighter and Indian revolutionary Udham Singh.

As of 2011, it is the third most populous district of Uttarakhand (out of 13), after Haridwar and Dehradun.
John Power (Irish MP)
John William Power (4 February 1816 – 12 May 1851), sometimes described as the 17th Baron Le Power and Coroghmore,  was an Irish politician.

The son of Edmund Power, and stepson of Richard L. Shiel, Power was born in Castle Gurteen de la Poer.  He stood in the 1837 Dungarvan by-election, and won the seat, as a Whig.  In the 1837 UK general election, he instead stood in County Waterford, winning the seat without facing a contest.  In 1840, he stood down by taking the office of the Chiltern Hundreds.  Power also served as a deputy lieutenant and a magistrate.

Chiltern Hundreds
The Chiltern Hundreds is an ancient administrative area in Buckinghamshire, England, composed of three ancient hundreds and lying partially within the Chiltern Hills. "Taking the Chiltern Hundreds" refers to one of the legal fictions used to effect resignation from the House of Commons of the United Kingdom. Since Members of Parliament are not permitted to resign, they are instead appointed to an "office of profit under the Crown", which requires MPs to vacate their seats. The ancient office of Crown Steward and Bailiff of the Chiltern Hundreds, having been reduced to a mere sinecure by the 17th century, was first used by John Pitt (of Encombe) in 1751 to vacate his seat in the House of Commons. Other titles were also later used for the same purpose, but only those of the Chiltern Hundreds and the Crown Steward and Bailiff of the Manor of Northstead are still in use.
Shrine of the Blessed Mother
The Shrine of the Blessed Mother, also known as Our Lady of the Parkway and the Queen of Peace, is located at 6 Wakefield Street in the Oakland neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The shrine overlooks the Penn-Lincoln Parkway (I-376). Built in the Vernacular style, the shrine historically and currently acts as a place of worship for Catholic worshippers. In March 2020, Preservation Pittsburgh nominated the site for City of Pittsburgh Historic Landmark status. Pittsburgh City Council voted to designate the Shrine of the Blessed Mother as a historic structure on October 6, 2020.

Oakland (Pittsburgh)
Oakland is the academic and healthcare center of Pittsburgh and one of the city's major cultural centers. Home to three universities, museums, hospitals, shopping venues, restaurants, and recreational activities, this section of the city also includes two city-designated historic districts: the mostly residential Schenley Farms Historic District and the predominantly institutional Oakland Civic Center Historic District, as well as the locally-designated Oakland Square Historic District.

In addition, the Pittsburgh Bureau of Fire operates Fire Station No. 14 on McKee Place and Fire Station No. 10 on Allequippa Street.
Chrysler California Cruiser
The Chrysler California Cruiser was a concept car created by Chrysler. It debuted at the 2002 Paris Motor Show, showing the possible future design of the Chrysler PT Cruiser. It also had the ability to convert to a "hotel room" for two.

The California Cruiser used a 2.4 L turbocharged I4 engine producing 215 hp (160 kW). Inside, it featured silver inserts on the door trim, quarter panels, and hatchback trim. The California Cruiser also had an integrated stereo system in the liftgate. The exterior was suited for the average surfer (hence the name, since California is famous for its surfers). The fog lamps on the California Cruiser were a visible difference, although the 2006 PT Cruiser used similar-looking lamps.

Concept car
A concept car (also known as a concept vehicle or show vehicle) is a car made to showcase new styling or new technology. Concept cars are often exhibited at motor shows to gauge customer reaction to new and radical designs which may or may not be produced.

General Motors designer Harley Earl is generally credited with inventing the concept car, and did much to popularize it through its traveling Motorama shows of the 1950s.

Concept cars never go into production directly. In modern times, all would have to undergo many changes before the design is finalized for the sake of practicality, safety, regulatory compliance, and cost. A "production-intent" prototype, as opposed to a concept vehicle, serves this purpose.
European Society for Philosophy and Psychology
The European Society for Philosophy and Psychology (ESPP) is a professional organization in Europe that promotes discussion and research at the intersection of philosophy, psychology and cognitive science. It is the European counterpart of the American Society for Philosophy and Psychology. The first joint conference of the two societies was held in Barcelona in 2004.

Cognitive science
Cognitive science is the interdisciplinary, scientific study of the mind and its processes. It examines the nature, the tasks, and the functions of cognition (in a broad sense). Mental faculties of concern to cognitive scientists include perception, memory, attention, reasoning, language, and emotion. To understand these faculties, cognitive scientists borrow from fields such as psychology, philosophy, artificial intelligence, neuroscience, linguistics, and anthropology. The typical analysis of cognitive science spans many levels of organization, from learning and decision-making to logic and planning; from neural circuitry to modular brain organization. One of the fundamental concepts of cognitive science is that "thinking can best be understood in terms of representational structures in the mind and computational procedures that operate on those structures."
VoteVets.org
VoteVets.org is a progressive political action committee (PAC) and 501(c)(4) nonprofit organization in the United States.

The organization prioritizes American defense, national security, and veterans advocacy. It was co-founded in 2006 by Jon Soltz and Jeremy Broussard and initially composed of United States Iraq and Afghanistan war veterans. In 2020, the mission of the PAC is to elect veterans to public office that "fully support our men and women in uniform." According to the group's website, in 2020, the group is backed by over 700,000 supporters, including veterans, military families and civilians.

VoteVets.org describes itself as a progressive organization, and endorses Democrats for elected office. In media, they have been described as "closely aligned with Congressional Democrats", and "liberal" by the Center for Public Integrity, The New York Times and The Washington Post.

Chris Carney
Christopher Paul Carney (born March 2, 1959) is an American politician who was the U.S. representative for Pennsylvania's 10th congressional district from 2007 to 2011. He is a member of the Democratic Party.

Carney is also an associate professor of political science at Penn State Worthington Scranton, where he has taught since 1992.
South Stack Cliffs RSPB reserve
South Stack Cliffs RSPB reserve is a nature reserve, run by the RSPB, on Holy Island on the North West coast of Anglesey, Wales.  The reserve is on sea cliffs facing the islet of South Stack, and is crossed by the Anglesey Coastal Path. There is an information centre based in Elin's Tower in the reserve.

It is best known for its breeding seabirds, including puffins, razorbills, guillemots, kittiwakes and fulmars. peregrine falcons, common kestrels and choughs also nest on the cliffs.

The area is famous for its rare bird species, such as black lark and grey catbird and fascinating geology.

South Stack Cliffs RSPB reserve also helps to conserve the silver-studded blue butterfly Plebejus argus found on the reserve in Spring. The Spathulate fleawort, a subspecies of field fleawort, a small yellow flower, is only found here, in the whole world.

The reserve entrance, with Herring gull

Guillemots on the breeding ledges

Fulmar
The fulmars are tube-nosed seabirds in the family Procellariidae. The family includes two extant species, and two extinct fossil species from the Miocene.

Fulmars superficially resemble gulls, but are readily distinguished by their flight on stiff wings, and their tube noses. They breed on cliffs, laying one or rarely two eggs on a ledge of bare rock or on a grassy cliff. Outside the breeding season, they are pelagic, feeding on fish, squid and shrimp in the open ocean. They are long-lived for birds, able to live to over 45 years old.

Historically, temperate Atlantic populations of the northern fulmar lived on the islands of St. Kilda, where it was extensively hunted, and Grimsey (Iceland). The species has expanded its breeding range eastwards and southwards to the coasts of the Faroes, Britain and Ireland, northern France, Norway and Heligoland, as well as around the coast of Iceland and to southern Greenland. Arctic populations are found in Baffin Island, Jan Mayen and Svalbard.
I Supermodel season 2
I Supermodel 2 is the second season of the Chinese reality show and modeling competition of the same name. Filming for season two took place in London. The show featured 14 new contestants in the final cast. Special appearances for the show included several high-profile guests, including Alexa Chung, David Gandy, Erin O'Connor with Giovanni Squatriti, J. Alexander, Lily Donaldson, Miranda Kerr and former British supermodel Twiggy. The show premiered on October 22, 2015.

The prizes for this cycle included a modelling contract with Storm Model Management and an editorial spread in Harper's Bazaar China.

The winner of the competition was 23-year-old Zhao Jia Tong.

Miranda Kerr
Miranda May Kerr (/kɜːr/; born 20 April 1983) is an Australian model. She rose to prominence in 2007 as one of the Victoria's Secret Angels. Kerr was the first Australian Victoria's Secret model and also represented the Australian department store chain David Jones. She has launched her own brand of organic skincare products, KORA Organics, and has written a self-help book.

Kerr began modelling in the fashion industry when she was 13, winning the 1997 Dolly magazine model search competition. Since 2008, she has consistently ranked on the Forbes list of highest earning models. She was previously married to English actor Orlando Bloom, with whom she had her first son. Since 2017, she has been married to Snapchat CEO Evan Spiegel, with whom she has three children.
Lewiston Mound
Lewiston Mound is a prehistoric burial mound built by the indigenous peoples of the Hopewell tradition. It is located on the grounds of the Earl W. Brydges Artpark State Park, at Lewiston in Niagara County, New York.

Lewiston Mound was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.

Lewiston, New York
Lewiston is a town in Niagara County, New York, United States. The population was 15,944 at the 2020 census.  The town and its contained village are named after  Morgan Lewis, a governor of New York.

The Town of Lewiston is on the western border of the county.  The Village of Lewiston is within the town.
Bethanchok Rural Municipality
Bethanchok is a Rural municipality located within the Kavrepalanchowk District of the Bagmati Province of Nepal.
The municipality spans 101 square kilometres (39 sq mi) of area, with a total population of 16,777 according to a 2011 Nepal census.

On March 10, 2017, the Government of Nepal restructured the local level bodies into 753 new local level structures.
The previous Chyamrangbesi, Dhungakharka, Chalal Ganeshsthan, Chyasing Kharka and Bhugdeu Mahankal VDCs were merged to form Bethanchok Rural Municipality.
Bethanchok is divided into 6 wards, with Dhungakharka declared the administrative center of the rural municipality.

Chyasing Kharka
Chyasing Kharka is a village development committee in Kabhrepalanchok District in Bagmati Province of central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2,628 and had 501 houses in it.
United Nations Security Council Resolution 631
United Nations Security Council resolution 631, adopted unanimously on 8 February 1989, after recalling resolutions 598 (1987) and 618 (1988) and having considered a report by the Secretary-General Javier Pérez de Cuéllar on the United Nations Iran–Iraq Military Observer Group, the Council decided:

(a) to call on both Iran and Iraq to implement Resolution 598;

(b) to renew the mandate of the United Nations Iran–Iraq Military Observer Group for another seven months and twenty-two days until 30 September 1989;

(c) to request the Secretary-General to report on the situation and the measures taken to implement Resolution 598 at the end of this period.

United Nations Security Council Resolution 618
United Nations Security Council resolution 618, adopted unanimously on 29 July 1988, after recalling Resolution 579 (1985) on hostage-taking, the Council condemned the abduction of Lieutenant-Colonel William R. Higgins and demanded his immediate release. It also urged Member States to use their influence to promote the implementation of the current resolution.

The resolution was not implemented, and Higgins was later murdered by his captors.