hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nurabad, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari
Nurabad (Persian: نوراباد, also Romanized as Nūrābād; also known as Nūrābād-e Menarjan) is a village in Poshtkuh Rural District, Falard District, Lordegan County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 28, in 5 families. The village is populated by Lurs.

Poshtkuh Rural District (Falard County)
Poshtkuh Rural District (Persian: دهستان پشتكوه) is in Emamzadeh Hasan District of Falard County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Darreh Namdari. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Qaleh Sukhteh.
Commonwealth Bank building, Perth
The Commonwealth Bank Building is a heritage building in Perth, Western Australia, on the western side of Forrest Place in the city's central business district.

It was built in 1933, some ten years after the creation of the Forrest Place road between Murray Street and Wellington Street in 1923.

Wellington Street, Perth
Wellington Street is the northernmost of the four primary east-west streets in the central business district of Perth, Western Australia. It is 3.7 kilometres (2.3 mi) long, stretching from Plain Street in East Perth to Thomas Street in West Perth.
Tales of Three Hemispheres
Tales of Three Hemispheres is a collection of fantasy short stories by Lord Dunsany. The first edition was published in Boston by John W. Luce & Co. in November 1919; the first British edition was published in London by T. Fisher Unwin in June 1920.

The collection's significance in the history of fantasy literature was recognized by its republication in a new edition by Owlswick Press in 1976, with illustrations by Tim Kirk and a foreword by H. P. Lovecraft, actually a general article on Dunsany's work originally written by Lovecraft in 1922, but unpublished until it appeared in his posthumous Marginalia (Arkham House, 1944).

The book collects 14 short pieces by Dunsany; the last three, under the general heading "Beyond the Fields We Know", are related tales, as explained in the publisher's note preceding the first, "Idle Days on the Yann", which was previously published in the author's earlier collection A Dreamer's Tales, but reprinted in the current one owing to the relationship.

Arkham House
Arkham House was an American publishing house specializing in weird fiction. It was founded in Sauk City, Wisconsin, in 1939 by August Derleth and Donald Wandrei to publish hardcover collections of H. P. Lovecraft's best works, which had previously been published only in pulp magazines. The company's name is derived from Lovecraft's fictional New England city, Arkham, Massachusetts. Arkham House editions are noted for the quality of their printing and binding. The printer's mark for Arkham House was designed by Frank Utpatel.
Fully qualified name
In computer programming, a fully qualified name is an unambiguous name that specifies which object, function, or variable a call refers to without regard to the context of the call. In a hierarchical structure, a name is fully qualified when it "is complete in the sense that it includes (a) all names in the hierarchic sequence above the given element and (b) the name of the given element itself."

Ruby (programming language)
Ruby is a general-purpose programming language. Its design puts an emphasis on programming productivity and simplicity. In Ruby, everything is an object, including primitive data types. Yukihiro "Matz" Matsumoto started to develop the language in the mid-1990s in Japan.

Ruby is interpreted, high-level, and dynamically typed; its interpreter uses garbage collection and just-in-time compilation. It supports multiple programming paradigms, including procedural, object-oriented, and functional programming. According to the creator, Ruby was influenced by Perl, Smalltalk, Eiffel, Ada, BASIC, and Lisp.
Julia King, Baroness Brown of Cambridge
Julia Elizabeth King, Baroness Brown of Cambridge (born 11 July 1954) is a British engineer and a crossbench member of the House of Lords, where she chairs the Select Committee on Science and Technology. She is the incumbent chair of the Carbon Trust and the Henry Royce Institute, and was the vice-chancellor of Aston University from 2006 to 2016.

Royal Academy of Engineering
The Royal Academy of Engineering (RAEng) is the United Kingdom's national academy of engineering.

The Academy was founded in June 1976 as the Fellowship of Engineering with support from Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, who became the first senior fellow and remained so until his death. The Fellowship was incorporated and granted a royal charter on 17 May 1983 and became the Royal Academy of Engineering on 16 March 1992. It is governed according to the charter and associated statutes and regulations (as amended from time to time). In June 2024 His Majesty the King became Patron of the Academy.
Sweeney 2
Sweeney 2 is a 1978 British action crime drama film directed by Tom Clegg and starring John Thaw and Dennis Waterman. It was a sequel to the 1977 film Sweeney!. Both films are an extension of the British ITV television series The Sweeney (1975–1978). Some of the action in the film is transferred from the usual London setting to Malta.

The series and films depict a fictionalised version of the Flying Squad. The term The Sweeney is derived from Cockney rhyming slang, originating in the expression Sweeney Todd: Flying Squad, and is a real term used by the London underworld to refer to the squad, whose brief was to investigate armed robbery within the Metropolitan Police District (MPD), an area roughly corresponding to Greater London.

The film centres on the investigations of the fictional Detective Inspector Jack Regan and his partner Detective Sergeant George Carter.

Nigel Hawthorne
Sir Nigel Barnard Hawthorne (5 April 1929 – 26 December 2001) was an English actor. He is known for his stage acting and his portrayal of Sir Humphrey Appleby, the permanent secretary in the 1980s sitcom Yes Minister and the Cabinet Secretary in its sequel, Yes, Prime Minister. For this role, he won four for British Academy Television Awards for Best Entertainment Performance.

He won the BAFTA Award for Best Lead Actor and was nominated for the Academy Award in the same category for portraying King George III in The Madness of King George (1994), having previously won the Laurence Olivier Award for the stage version. He later won the BAFTA TV Award for Best Actor, for the 1996 series The Fragile Heart. He won the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play winner for his performance in 1991 Broadway production of Shadowlands.
Henry M. Sage Estate
Henry M. Sage Estate, also known as "Fernbrook," is a historic estate home located at Menands in Albany County, New York.  The main house was built in the 1890s and remodeled in 1920.  It is an asymmetrical three-story, Georgian Revival style mansion sheathed in limestone.  It has a hipped roof and dormers.  It features a large, two-story, pedimented portico supported by four Ionic order columns.  Also on the property are a carriage barn and caretaker's cottage dated to the 1890s. The estate was bequeathed to Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute by Cornelia Cogswell Sage, widow of Henry M. Sage.  She retained use of the property until her death in 1972. The estate was costly to maintain so the Institute sold the property in 1973 to Albany International Corporation.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

Carriage house
A carriage house, also called a remise or coach house, is a term used in North America to describe an outbuilding that was originally built to house horse-drawn carriages and their related tack. Carriage houses were often two stories, with related staff quarters above.
Banak, Norway
Banak is a small peninsula in Porsanger Municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. It juts into the Vestbotn bay of the vast Porsangerfjorden. Located immediately north of the village of Lakselv, the peninsula has Brennelvfjorden to its east and the river Lakselva to the east. Banak is the site of Lakselv Airport, Banak and Banak Air Station.

A temperature of 32 °C (90 °F) was recorded in Banak on 30 July 2018, considered very unusual for a location in the Arctic Circle, as part of the 2018 European heat wave. On 29 June 2022, as part of the June 2022 European heat wave, a temperature of 32.5 °C (90.5 °F) was recorded, reported as the highest temperature ever recorded in the Arctic circle. However, both Verkhoyansk and Fort Yukon, Alaska have recorded higher temperatures of 38.0 °C (100.4 °F) and 37.8 °C (100.0 °F) respectively.

Fort Yukon, Alaska
Fort Yukon (Gwichyaa Zheh in Gwichʼin) is a village in the Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area in the U.S. state of Alaska, straddling the Arctic Circle. The population, predominantly Gwichʼin Alaska Natives, was 428 at the 2020 census, down from 595 in 2000.

Fort Yukon was the hometown of the late Alaska Congressman Don Young. Served by Fort Yukon Airport, it is also known for having the record highest temperature in Alaska.
Saint-Louis, Réunion
Saint-Louis (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ lwi] ⓘ; Reunionese Creole: Sin Loui) is the fifth-largest commune in the French overseas department of Réunion. It is located on the southwest part of the island of Réunion, adjacent to Saint-Pierre.

Réunion Creole
Réunion Creole, or Reunionese Creole (Reunionese Creole: kréol rénioné or kréol rényoné; French: créole réunionnais), is a French-based creole language spoken on Réunion. It is derived mainly from French and includes terms from Malagasy, Hindi, Portuguese, Gujarati and Tamil. In recent years, there has been an effort to develop a spelling dictionary and grammar rules. Partly because of the lack of an official orthography but also because schools are taught in French, Réunion Creole is rarely written. Notably, two translations of the French comic Asterix have been published. It is now the native language of 90% of the island's population.
Beekeeping in India
Beekeeping in India has been mentioned in ancient Vedas and Buddhist scriptures. Rock paintings of Mesolithic era found in Madhya Pradesh depict honey collection activities. Scientific methods of beekeeping, however, started only in the late 19th century, although records of taming honeybees and using in warfare are seen in the early 19th century. After Indian independence, beekeeping was promoted through various rural developmental programs. Five species of bees that are commercially important for natural honey and beeswax production are found in India.

Apis cerana
Apis cerana, the eastern honey bee, Asiatic honey bee or Asian honey bee, is a species of honey bee native to South, Southeast and East Asia. This species is the sister species of Apis koschevnikovi and both are in the same subgenus as the western (European) honey bee, Apis mellifera. A. cerana is known to live sympatrically along with Apis koschevnikovi within the same geographic location. Apis cerana colonies are known for building nests consisting of multiple combs in cavities containing a small entrance, presumably for defense against invasion by individuals of another nest. The diet of this honey bee species consists mostly of pollen and nectar, or honey. Moreover, Apis cerana is known for its highly social behavior, reflective of its classification as a type of honey bee.

The terms Apis cerana indica and Apis Indica or Indian honey bee, is an historic term, with all Asian hive bees now referred to as Apis cerana.
Macluritoidea
The Macluritoidea, or Macluritacea as it was originally spelled, is a superfamily of hyperstrophically coiled, Upper Cambrian to Devonian, archaeogastropods, or paragastropods according to Linsely and Kier (1984).

Coiling is dextral, although it appears sinistral, deduced from the position of the channel (presumed to be exhalent) contained in a ridge or keel (a selenizone on what is assumed to be the upper side. This is supported by the operculum of Maclurites, which corresponds to that of dextral gastropods.

According to the Treatise the Macluritaceae includes two families, the Onychochilidae and Macluritidae. Subsequent placement in the Paragastropoda is based on the assumption these animals were untorted, that is they lacked the twisted viscera that are present in modern gastropods.

Torsion (gastropod)
Torsion is a gastropod synapomorphy which occurs in all gastropods during larval development. Torsion is the rotation of the visceral mass, mantle, and shell 180˚ with respect to the head and foot of the gastropod. This rotation brings the mantle cavity and the anus to an anterior position above the head.

In some groups of gastropods (Opisthobranchia) there is a degree of secondary detorsion or rotation towards the original position; this may be only partial detorsion or full detorsion.

The torsion or twisting of the visceral mass of larval gastropods is not the same thing as the spiral coiling of the shell, which is also present in many shelled gastropods.
Brad Wilkin
Brad Wilkin (born 8 December 1995) is an Australian rugby union player who plays as a flanker for the San Diego Legion of Major League Rugby (MLR). He previously played for Rebels and has also represented Australia in the under 20s team.

Melbourne Rebels
The Melbourne Rebels were an Australian professional rugby union team based in Melbourne, Victoria that competed in the Super Rugby competition. The Rebels made their debut in SANZAR's Super Rugby tournament in 2011. The club shared its name with a former Australian Rugby Championship (ARC) team, but was unrelated. The team played its home matches at the Melbourne Rectangular Stadium, in the city's Melbourne Sports and Entertainment Precinct, and played one game of the 2020 Super Rugby season at Eureka Stadium in Ballarat.

The team's participation agreement was revoked by Rugby Australia (RA) at the conclusion of the 2024 Super Rugby Pacific season. The women's team was also disbanded by Rugby Australia.
Melish
Melish is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

John Melish (1771–1822), Scottish mapmaker

Thomas G. Melish (1876–1948), American entrepreneur and coin collector

William Bromwell Melish (1852–1927), American businessman and Freemason leader

William Howard Melish (1910–1986), American Episcopalian and social leader

John Melish
John Melish (June 13, 1771 – December 30, 1822) was a Scottish mapmaker who published some of the earliest maps of the United States (US). In 1816, he created  the first map of the United States extending to the Pacific Ocean.
Cerkno Ski Resort
Cerkno Ski Resort is the Slovenian most modern ski resort on Črni Vrh nad Novaki hill near Davča opened in 1984. It is located 10 km away from centre of municipality Cerkno.

It offers total of 18 km ski slopes, 5 km tracks for cross-country skiing and Snowboard Park. It was awarded for best Slovenian ski resort in seasons 2010/11, 2011/12, 2012/13, 2016/17, 2017/18,  2018/19 and 2019/20. There is a hotel and restaurant built in alpine style, situated at the top station. Cerkno summer offerings include hiking and mountain biking. It is the 6th largest ski resort in Slovenia.

A1 motorway (Slovenia)
The A1 motorway (Slovene: avtocesta A1), also known as Slovenika, is 245.3 km (152.4 mi) long, connecting Šentilj (at the Austrian border) and Koper/Capodistria (on the shores of the Adriatic Sea). It connects several of the largest metropolitan areas of the country, including Maribor, Celje and Ljubljana, all the way to the Slovenian Littoral and port town of Koper.

Construction began in 1970 and the first section was finished in 1972, connecting Vrhnika and Postojna. Everyday operation of this initial stretch started on 29 December 1972.

The connection to Koper was finished on 23 November 2004. The second-to-last part, from Trojane to Blagovica, was opened on 12 August 2005. It was also the most expensive, having eight viaducts and two tunnels despite being only 11 km long. The final section, the eastern Maribor bypass, opened on 14 August 2009.
Caltongate
Caltongate, now known as New Waverley Square, is the largest city centre redevelopment project in Edinburgh since the 18th century. First proposed in 2005, it took 9 years to be approved by Edinburgh Council, after delays due to the 2008 financial crisis. The name Caltongate combines Canongate and Calton Hill, as the area lies on Canongate, and faces directly onto Calton Hill. Caltongate lies within the Old Town, Edinburgh, which was recognised as a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1994. Construction began in 2014 and is yet to be completed.

City of Edinburgh Council
The City of Edinburgh Council (Scottish Gaelic: Comhairle Baile Dhùn Èideann) is the local government authority covering the City of Edinburgh council area. Almost half of the council area is the built-up area of Edinburgh, capital of Scotland. With a population of 530,680 in 2024, it is the second most populous local authority area in Scotland.

The council took on its current form in 1996 under the Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994, replacing the City of Edinburgh District Council of the Lothian region, which had been created in 1975. The history of local government in Edinburgh, however, stretches back much further. Around 1130, David I made the town a royal burgh and a burgh council, based at the Old Tolbooth is recorded continuously from the 14th century.

The council is currently based in Edinburgh City Chambers with a main office nearby at Waverley Court.
Ultimate Ears
Ultimate Ears is an American custom in-ear monitor (IEM), speaker, and earphone manufacturer based in Irvine and Newark, California, United States. It was founded by Mindy and Jerry Harvey in 1995, who created a new market for custom IEMs now used by some of the world's top musicians. In August 2008, it was acquired by Logitech and operates as a subsidiary.

Wireless speaker
Wireless speakers are loudspeakers that receive audio signals using radio frequency (RF) waves rather than over audio cables. The two most popular RF frequencies that support audio transmission to wireless loudspeakers include a variation of WiFi IEEE 802.11, while others depend on Bluetooth to transmit audio data to the receiving speaker.

Apart from the employed RF standard, such speakers can basically be distinguished by their dedicated field of use. Portable wireless speakers for outdoor use are typically designed for ruggedness, portability and battery life, whereas stationary wireless speakers with a focus on good sound quality are meant to be used in home audio systems or surround sound systems for TV or video. Further, types for special applications like waterproof speakers for use in the shower or speakers for a voice assistant may intermix between the properties of the two former.
Morse–Smale system
In dynamical systems theory, an area of pure mathematics, a Morse–Smale system is a smooth dynamical system whose non-wandering set consists of finitely many hyperbolic equilibrium points and hyperbolic periodic orbits and satisfying a transversality condition on the stable and unstable manifolds. Morse–Smale systems are structurally stable and form one of the simplest and best studied classes of smooth dynamical systems. They are named after Marston Morse, the creator of the Morse theory, and Stephen Smale, who emphasized their importance for smooth dynamics and algebraic topology.

Marston Morse
Harold Calvin Marston Morse (March 24, 1892 – June 22, 1977) was an American mathematician best known for his work on the calculus of variations in the large, a subject where he introduced the technique of differential topology now known as Morse theory. The Morse–Palais lemma, one of the key results in Morse theory, is named after him, as is the Thue–Morse sequence, an infinite binary sequence with many applications.

He was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1929, the United States National Academy of Sciences in 1932, and the American Philosophical Society in 1936. In 1933 he was awarded the Bôcher Memorial Prize for his work in mathematical analysis. J. Robert Oppenheimer described Morse as "almost a statesman of mathematics."
Lionel Parry
Christianity portal

Lionel Walpole Parry  (1883–1954) was an Anglican priest and educator.

Parry was the son of Henry Parry, Bishop of Perth 1876–93. He was educated at Exeter College, Oxford and ordained in 1908. After a curacy in Lowestoft he went as a teacher at Guildford Grammar School, Perth. He was briefly Principal of St John's Theological College, Perth (1920-22) and then in 1923 he became Headmaster of Christ Church Grammar School, Perth; and in 1940 Archdeacon of Perth, WA. He retired in 1953.

Henry Parry (bishop of Perth)
Henry Hutton Parry (18 December 1826 – 15 November 1893) was a bishop of the Church of England. He was consecrated co-adjutor bishop in Barbados in 1868. He was translated to Perth to become the second Bishop of the Anglican Diocese of Perth, a position held from 1876 to 1893.
Ponikva, Šentjur
Ponikva (pronounced [ˈpoːnikʋa]) is one of the most populous settlements in the Municipality of Šentjur, eastern Slovenia. The settlement, and the entire municipality, are included in the Savinja Statistical Region, which is in the Slovenian portion of the historical Duchy of Styria.

Municipality of Šentjur
The Municipality of Šentjur (Slovene: Občina Šentjur), named Municipality of Šentjur pri Celju (Občina Šentjur pri Celju) until 2002, is a municipality in eastern Slovenia. The town of Šentjur is the seat of the municipality. With an area of 223 square kilometers (86 sq mi) it is one of the larger municipalities in Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. The municipality is now included in the Savinja Statistical Region. Saint George appears on the municipal coat of arms.
Judge Elisha Robinson House
The Judge Elisha Robinson House, in Ashville, Alabama, is a Queen Anne-style house built around 1890.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.

It is located on U.S. Route 231 south of its junction with Alabama State Route 23.

It is a two-story house upon a brick pier foundation.

U.S. Route 231
U.S. Route 231 (US 231) is a north–south U.S highway that is a parallel route of US 31. It runs for 912 miles (1,468 km) from St. John, Indiana, at US 41 to south of US 98 in downtown Panama City, Florida.
One of its most notable landmarks is the William H. Natcher Bridge, a 0.853 miles (1.373 km) long cable-stayed bridge that connects Rockport, Indiana, to Owensboro, Kentucky, spanning the Ohio River.
Zárate–Brazo Largo Bridge
The Zárate–Brazo Largo Bridges are two cable-stayed road and railway bridges in Argentina, crossing the Paraná River (Paraná Guazú and Paraná de las Palmas) between the cities of Zárate,  Buenos Aires Province, and Brazo Largo, Entre Ríos Province.

The bridges have a suspended length of 550 m (1,804 ft), with a main span of 330 m (1,083 ft). Its pylons are 110 m (361 ft) high, and its deck depth is 2.6 m (8.5 ft). They were built between 1972 and 1977 on a design by Italian engineer Fabrizio de Miranda, and refurbished in 1998.

Zárate–Brazo Largo links the north of Buenos Aires with the southern part of the Argentine Mesopotamia, and also, by extension, Argentina with Uruguay and Brazil. The road link has four lanes. The main span is 50 m (164 ft) over the water level of the Paraná, which allows the passage of very large ships.

The bridge over the Parana de las Palmas is called "Bartolomé Mitre", while bridge over the Parana Guazú is called "Justo José de Urquiza".

Entre Ríos Province
Entre Ríos (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈentɾe ˈri.os], 'Between Rivers') is a central province of Argentina, located in the Mesopotamia region. It borders the provinces of Buenos Aires (south), Corrientes (north) and Santa Fe (west), and Uruguay in the east.

Its capital is Paraná (391,000 inhabitants), which lies on the Paraná River, opposite the city of Santa Fe.

Together with Córdoba and Santa Fe, since 1999, the province is part of the economic-political association known as the Center Region.