hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Finite subdivision rule
In mathematics, a finite subdivision rule is a recursive way of dividing a polygon or other two-dimensional shape into smaller and smaller pieces. Subdivision rules in a sense are generalizations of regular geometric fractals. Instead of repeating exactly the same design over and over, they have slight variations in each stage, allowing a richer structure while maintaining the elegant style of fractals. Subdivision rules have been used in architecture, biology, and computer science, as well as in the study of hyperbolic manifolds. Substitution tilings are a well-studied type of subdivision rule.

Hyperbolic manifold
In mathematics, a hyperbolic manifold is a space where every point looks locally like hyperbolic space of some dimension. They are especially studied in dimensions 2 and 3, where they are called hyperbolic surfaces and hyperbolic 3-manifolds, respectively. In these dimensions, they are important because most manifolds can be made into a hyperbolic manifold by a homeomorphism. This is a consequence of the uniformization theorem for surfaces and the geometrization theorem for 3-manifolds proved by Perelman.
1999 Wimbledon Championships – Boys' doubles
Roger Federer and Olivier Rochus were the defending champions, but they did not compete in the Junior's this year.

Guillermo Coria and David Nalbandian defeated Todor Enev and Jarkko Nieminen in the final, 7–5, 6–4 to win the boys' doubles tennis title at the 1999 Wimbledon Championships.

Todor Enev
Todor Enev (Bulgarian: Тодор Енев, born 8 February 1982) is a former professional Bulgarian tennis player. On 16 August 2004, he reached his highest ATP singles ranking of 252 whilst his best doubles ranking was 360 on 13 May 2002.
Jheringsfehn
Jheringsfehn (frequently misspelt Iheringsfehn) is a peat village in the region of East Frisia, in Lower Saxony, Germany. Administratively, it is an Ortsteil of the municipality of Moormerland. Warsingsfehn is located just to the east of Warsingsfehn and is approximately 10 kilometers to the northeast of Leer. It has a population of 2,440.

The village was named in 1754 after Sebastian Eberhard Jhering, great-grandfather of Rudolf von Jhering. The village still has its classic peat canals. Important elements of village life are the local sports club and the Lutheran church, which also covers the neighbouring village of Boekzetelerfehn. The village church stands on the boundary between the two villages.

East Frisia
East Frisia (/ˈfriːʒə/) or East Friesland (/ˈfriːzlənd/; German: Ostfriesland; East Frisian Low Saxon: Oostfräisland; Saterland Frisian: Aastfräislound) is a historic region in the northwest of Lower Saxony, Germany. It is primarily located on the western half of the East Frisian peninsula, to the east of West Frisia and to the west of Landkreis Friesland.

Administratively, East Frisia consists of the districts Aurich, Leer and Wittmund, and the city of Emden. It has a population of approximately 469,000 people and an area of 3,142 square kilometres (1,213 sq mi).

There is a chain of islands off the coast, called the East Frisian Islands (German: Ostfriesische Inseln). From west to east, these islands are Borkum, Juist, Norderney, Baltrum, Langeoog and Spiekeroog.
McGeoch
McGeoch is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alex McGeoch (1854–1922), Scottish footballer

Catherine McGeoch, American computer scientist

Charles McGeoch (1899–1985), American football coach

Ian McGeoch (1914–2007), British Royal Navy officer

John McGeoch (1955–2004), Scottish guitarist

John Alexander McGeoch (1897–1942), American psychologist and educator

Lillian McGeoch (1903–1992), Canadian painter and sculptor

Alex McGeoch
Alexander McGeoch (10 March 1854 – 24 January 1922) was a Scottish footballer who played for Glasgow Western, Dumbreck and Scotland. A  goalkeeper, he was the only serving Dumbreck player to have been selected for international duty. McGeoch also played cricket and rugby union (representing the West of Scotland club in both sports); in his professional life he was a company director at a brass hardware firm in England, and in 1920 was awarded an OBE for services relating to work in relation to the First World War.
Esquire Records (UK)
Esquire Records was a UK jazz record company and label founded by Carlo Krahmer and Peter Newbrook in 1947. It issued recordings by British musicians and others, under licence, from the American Prestige label, the Chicago blues label Delmark, and the Swedish Metronome label. The company lasted until the mid-1970s; after Krahmer's death it was run by his widow, Greta Krahmer. In the 1980s, Newbrook (died 2009) reissued much of the Esquire jazz catalogue in an "Esquire Treasure Chest" series of LPs. Newbrook sold the catalogue in the early 1990s to Marathon Media International, who subsequently sold it on.

The company had a subsidiary, Starlite Records, for non-jazz recordings, including skiffle.

Skiffle
Skiffle is a genre of folk music with influences from American folk music, blues, country, bluegrass, and jazz, generally performed with a mixture of manufactured and homemade or improvised instruments.

Originating as a form in the United States in the first half of the 20th century, it became extremely popular in the United Kingdom in the 1950s, where it was played by such artists as Lonnie Donegan, the Vipers Skiffle Group, Ken Colyer, and Chas McDevitt.

Skiffle was a major part of the early careers of some musicians who later became prominent in other genres, including the Quarrymen (who were later renamed the Beatles), Tony Sheridan, and Rory Gallagher. The skiffle style has been seen as a critical stepping stone to the second British folk revival, the British blues boom, and the British Invasion of American popular music.
Storm of 1897
The storm of 1897 was a severe storm that struck the lower to central North Island of New Zealand on 16 April 1897. It caused the ship Zuleika to run aground near Cape Palliser, with the loss of 12 lives, and severe flooding. At Clive the flooding caused the loss of a further 12 lives and one person was drowned near Kāpiti. There were six further unconfirmed reports of drowning, bringing the total loss of life directly related to the storm event to between 25 and 31. Based on descriptions of the storm, particularly that of Captain Marten of the Waiapu, it may have been an extratropical cyclone.

Kāpiti Coast District
The Kāpiti Coast District (officially the Kapiti Coast District) is a local government district of the Wellington Region in the lower North Island of New Zealand, 50 km (31 mi) north of Wellington City. The district is named after Kapiti Island, a prominent island 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) offshore.

The population of the district is concentrated in a chain of coastal settlements along State Highway One: Ōtaki, Te Horo, Waikanae, Paraparaumu, Raumati Beach, Raumati South, and Paekākāriki. Paraparaumu is the most populous of these towns and the commercial and administrative centre. Much of the rural land is given over to horticulture; market gardens are common along the highway between the settlements. The area available for agriculture and settlement is narrow and coastal. Much of the eastern part of the district is within the Tararua Forest Park, which covers the rugged Tararua Range, with peaks rising to over 1,500 m (4,900 ft).
George A. Crawford
George Addison Crawford (July 27, 1827 – January 26, 1891) was an American politician, lawyer and journalist.

Crawford was born in Clinton County, Pennsylvania. He graduated from Jefferson College (now Washington & Jefferson College) in 1847.

Crawford was a delegate to the Pennsylvania Democratic State Convention in 1855.  In 1857, along with Norman Eddy and others, he purchased and founded the city of Fort Scott, Kansas.  He was elected governor of Kansas in 1861;  however the election was declared illegal before he could assume the post.

In 1871, he was appointed commissioner to the Centennial Exposition by Ulysses S. Grant.

He was also the city founder of Grand Junction, Colorado (incorporated July 22, 1882).: 475  where he died and was buried. He is the namesake of Crawford, Colorado.

Norman Eddy
Norman S. Eddy (December 10, 1810 – January 28, 1872) was an American politician and military officer. He served as a member of the Indiana State Senate from 1850 to 1853 and a U.S. Representative of Indiana from 1853 to 1855. He then served as U.S. Attorney for the Territory of Minnesota from 1855 to 1861 and as Secretary of State of Indiana from 1870 to 1872.
Africa Movie Academy Award for Best Short Film
The Africa Movie Academy Award for Best Short Film, officially known as Efere Ozako Award for Best Short Film, is an annual merit by the Africa Film Academy to reward the best short films for the year. It was introduced in the 4th Africa Movie Academy Awards, but no film was rewarded because the jury didn't deem any of the nominee fit for the award. No submitted film was nominated for the award in 2009. At the 10th Africa Movie Academy Awards, the award category was renamed to honor the memory of renowned entertainment lawyer Efere Ozako.

Efere Ozako
Efere Ozako (1967—2013) was an entertainment lawyer from Delta State, Nigeria, who gained public attention through his Wetin Lawyers Dey Do Sef? initiative. He advocated the need to engage lawyers in business agreements, as well as the need to protect intellectual rights of artists in the Nigerian entertainment industry.
Wilbur L. Adams
Wilbur Louis Adams (October 23, 1884 – December 4, 1937) was an American lawyer and politician from Wilmington, in New Castle County, Delaware. He was a member of the Democratic Party, who served one term as U.S. Representative from Delaware from 1933 to 1935.

New Castle County, Delaware
New Castle County is the northernmost of the three counties of the U.S. state of Delaware (New Castle, Kent, and Sussex). As of the 2020 census, the population was 570,719, making it the most populous county in Delaware, with nearly 60% of the state's population of 989,948. The county seat is Wilmington, which is also the state's most populous city. New Castle County is included in the Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD Metropolitan Statistical Area. The county is named after William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle (c. 1593–1676). New Castle County has the highest population and population density of any Delaware county, and it is the smallest county in the state by area. It has more people than the other two counties, Kent and Sussex, combined. It is also the most economically developed of the three.
Prattville–Grouby Field
Prattville–Grouby Field (FAA LID: 1A9) is a public-use airport located three nautical miles (3.5 mi; 5.6 km) southwest of the central business district of Prattville, a city in Autauga County, Alabama, United States. It is owned by the Prattville Airport Authority. It is also known as Prattville Airport or Autauga County Airport.

This airport is included in the FAA's National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015, which categorized it as a general aviation facility.

Autauga County, Alabama
Autauga County is a county located in the central portion of the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2020 census the population was 58,805. Its county seat is Prattville.

Autauga County is part of the Montgomery metropolitan area.
Lmechrek
Lmechrek is a small town and rural commune in Sidi Bennour Province of the Casablanca-Settat region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 14,853 people living in 2474 households.

Casablanca-Settat
Casablanca-Settat (Arabic: الدار البيضاء - سطات, romanized: ad-dār al-bayḍāʾ - siṭṭāt) is one of the twelve administrative regions of Morocco. It covers an area of 20,166 km2 and is the most populous region in Morocco with a recorded population of 7,688,967 in the 2024 Moroccan census, 73.3% of which lived in urban areas. The capital of the region is Casablanca.
A32 road (Sri Lanka)
The A32 road is an A-Grade trunk road in Sri Lanka. It connects the towns of Mannar and Navatkuli, both of which are in Northern Province.

The A32 passes through Thirukethiswaram, Pallamadu, Illupaikadavai, Vellankulam, Pallavarayankattu, Chunnavil, Pooneryn and Arukuveli to reach Navatkuli.

Northern Province, Sri Lanka
The Northern Province (Tamil: வட மாகாணம் Vaṭa Mākāṇam; Sinhala: උතුරු පළාත Uturu Paḷāta) is one of the nine provinces of Sri Lanka. The province has an area of 8,884 km2, making it the 3rd largest province by area, and a population of 1,150,148 making it the least populated province. Jaffna is the capital city of the province.

Between 1988 and 2006, the province was temporarily merged with the Eastern Province into one province, the North Eastern Province. Due to its large Tamil population, the Northern Province is sometimes referred to as "Sri Lanka's Tamil country". The majority of the fighting in the Sri Lankan Civil War took place in the Northern province.
Eliahu I. Jury
Eliahu Ibrahim Jury (May 23, 1923 – September 20, 2020) was an Iraqi-born American engineer. He received his the E.E. degree from the Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Mandatory Palestine (now, Israel), in 1947, the M.S. degree in electrical engineering from Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, in 1949, and the Sc.D. degree from Columbia University of New York City in 1953. He was professor of electrical engineering at the University of California, Berkeley, and the University of Miami.

He developed the advanced Z-transform, used in digital control systems and signal processing. He was the creator of the Jury stability criterion, which is named after him.

He was a Life Fellow of the IEEE and received the Rufus Oldenburger Medal from the ASME, the First Education Award of IEEE Circuits and Systems Society, and the IEEE Millennium Medal. In 1993, he received the AACC's Richard E. Bellman Control Heritage Award.

American Automatic Control Council
The American Automatic Control Council (AACC) is an organization founded in 1957 for research in control theory. AACC is a member of the International Federation of Automatic Control (IFAC) and is an association of the control systems divisions of nine member societies:

American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA)

American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE)

American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)

American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)

International Society of Automation (ISA)

Society for Computer Simulation (SCS)

Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM)

Applied Probability Society (APS)
Ivasi
Aleksei Ivashchenko (Russian: Алексей Игоревич Иващенко, born 12 May 1958 in Moscow) and Georgy Vasilyev (Russian: Георгий Леонардович Васильев, born 22 June 1957 in Zaporizhia, Ukraine) are a Soviet/Russian bard duo, informally known as Ivasi (a pun on the "iwashi herring"). They wrote and staged the musical Nord-Ost.

Sardine
Sardine and pilchard are common names for various species of small, oily forage fish in the herring suborder Clupeoidei. The term "sardine" was first used in English during the early 15th century; a somewhat dubious etymology says it comes from the Italian island of Sardinia, around which sardines were once supposedly abundant.

The terms "sardine" and "pilchard" are not precise, and what is meant depends on the region. The United Kingdom's Sea Fish Industry Authority, for example, classifies sardines as young pilchards. One criterion suggests fish shorter in length than 15 cm (6 in) are sardines, and larger fish are pilchards. The FAO/WHO Codex standard for canned sardines cites 21 species that may be classed as sardines. FishBase, a database of information about fish, calls at least six species pilchards, over a dozen just sardines, and many more with the two basic names qualified by various adjectives.
Peng Shaohui
Peng Shaohui (simplified Chinese: 彭绍辉; traditional Chinese: 彭紹輝; pinyin: Péng Shàohuī; 6 September 1906 – 25 April 1978) was a general in the People's Liberation Army (PLA) of China. He was the only original PLA General to be born in the same county as Mao Zedong. He was known as "One-Armed General" after a wounded arm was amputated during the Chinese Civil War. Peng served twice as deputy commander of the PLA and was a member of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party three times.

Jiang (rank)
Jiang (formerly romanized chiang and usually translated general or, for navies, admiral) is a general officer (or flag officer for navies) rank used by China and Taiwan. It is also used as jang in North and South Korea, shō in Japan, and tướng in Vietnam.
Clément Miérassa
Clément Miérassa (born 1949?) is a Congolese politician who has been President of the Congolese Social Democratic Party (PSDC) since 1990. He served in the government of Congo-Brazzaville as Minister of Trade from 1991 to 1992 and as Minister of Industrial Development from 1992 to 1993. Miérassa was also a minor candidate in the 1992 presidential election as well as the 2009 presidential election.

Pan-African Union for Social Democracy
The Pan-African Union for Social Democracy (French: Union panafricaine pour la démocratie sociale, UPADS) is a political party in the Republic of the Congo headed by Pascal Lissouba, who was President from 1992 to 1997. It has been the country's main opposition party since Lissouba's ouster in 1997. Pascal Tsaty-Mabiala has been Secretary-General of UPADS since 2006.
Tatar Yantığı
Tatar Yantığı (Tatar: Татар Янтыгы, romanized: Tatar Yantığı) is a rural locality (a selo) in Layış District, Tatarstan. The population was 366 as of 2010.
Tatar Yantığı is located 35 km from Layış, district's administrative centre, and 65 km from Qazan, republic's capital, by road.
The earliest known record of the settlement dates from 1710/1711.
There are 7 streets in the village.

Laishevo
Laishevo (Russian: Лаи́шево; Tatar: Лаеш) is a town and the administrative center of Laishevsky District in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia, located on the right bank of the Kama River on the shore of the Kuybyshev Reservoir, 62 kilometers (39 mi) southeast of the republic's capital of Kazan. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 7,735.
Ricardo Ramina
Ricardo Ramina (born 21 August 1951) is a notable Brazilian neurosurgeon and university Professor. Ramina is well known around the world for his expertise in the treatment of complex neurosurgical problems such as Vestibular schwannomas, skull base tumors, glomus jugulare, Meningiomas and Aneurysms.

Aneurysm
An aneurysm is an outward bulging, likened to a bubble or balloon, caused by a localized, abnormal, weak spot on a blood vessel wall. Aneurysms may be a result of a hereditary condition or an acquired disease. Aneurysms can also be a nidus (starting point) for clot formation (thrombosis) and embolization. As an aneurysm increases in size, the risk of rupture increases, which could lead to uncontrolled bleeding. Although they may occur in any blood vessel, particularly lethal examples include aneurysms of the circle of Willis in the brain, aortic aneurysms affecting the thoracic aorta, and abdominal aortic aneurysms. Aneurysms can arise in the heart itself following a heart attack, including both ventricular and atrial septal aneurysms. There are congenital atrial septal aneurysms, a rare heart defect.
Thomas Lee (clergyman)
Rev. Thomas Lee D.D. was a 19th-century academic administrator at the University of Oxford and clergyman.

Lee graduated as a Doctor of Divinity at Oxford.
He was president of Trinity College, Oxford, from 1808 to 1824.
While president at Trinity College, Lee was also vice-chancellor of Oxford University from 1814 until 1818.

The Allied sovereigns' visit to England occurred during June 1814 when Lee was vice-chancellor. Emperor Alexander I of Russia, King Frederick William III of Prussia, and Marshal Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher received honorary degrees during the visit to Oxford.

Lee was also rector at Barton in Warwickshire.

Allied sovereigns' visit to England
The Allied sovereigns' visit to England occurred in June 1814 to celebrate the peace following the defeat of France and abdication of Napoleon Bonaparte in April 1814. The sovereigns and generals of the Coalition Allies – comprising Austria, Prussia, Russia, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and a number of German States – took part in a state visit and various peace celebrations in London before progressing to the Congress of Vienna later that year. It is also occasionally known as the Congress of London, although most diplomatic discussions were deferred until Vienna.
Loris Rouiller
Loris Rouiller (born 21 February 2000) is a Swiss cyclist, who currently rides for UCI Cyclo-cross team Heizomat Radteam p/b Kloster Kitchen and amateur team Elite Fondations Cycling Team in road cycling. He primarily competes in cyclo-cross, but also on the road and in mountain biking.

Vestingcross
The Vestingcross is a cyclo-cross race held in Hulst, Netherlands. From 2017 to 2020 it was part of the Ethias Cross, formerly known as the Brico Cross. From the season 2020-2021 it is part of the Worldcup. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021 the race was held on an alternative location in Perkpolder and not on and around the city walls in Hulst as usual.
Dokshytsy
Dokshytsy or Dokshitsy is a town in Vitebsk Region, Belarus. It serves as the administrative center of Dokshytsy District. It is located approximately 200 km (124.27 mi) southwest of Vitebsk and one kilometer from the source of the Berezina River. Its population in 2010 was 6,600. As of 2025, it has a population of 6,601. The town has a significant Chassidic history.

Vitebsk region
Vitebsk region, also known as Vitebsk oblast or Vitsyebsk voblasts, is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Vitebsk. It is located in the north of the country, and borders Russia.

As of 2019, it had a population of 1,135,731, the lowest population density in Belarus at 30.6 p/km².

Key cities in the region include Vitebsk, Orsha, Polotsk, and Novopolotsk.
KMTV-TV
KMTV-TV (channel 3) is a television station in Omaha, Nebraska, United States, affiliated with CBS. Owned by the E. W. Scripps Company, the station has studios on Mockingbird Drive in southwest Omaha, and its transmitter is located on a "tower farm" near North 72nd Street and Crown Point Avenue in north-central Omaha. It also doubles as a secondary CBS station in the Platte Purchase area (northern portions of the St. Joseph, Missouri, television market) alongside local affiliate KCJO-LD.

St. Joseph, Missouri
St. Joseph is a city in and the county seat of Buchanan County, Missouri, United States. Located on the Missouri River, it is the principal city of the St. Joseph Metropolitan Statistical Area, which includes Buchanan, Andrew, and DeKalb counties in Missouri and Doniphan County, Kansas. As of the 2020 census, St. Joseph had a population of 72,473, making it the 8th most populous city in the state, and the 3rd most populous in Northwest Missouri. St. Joseph is located roughly 30 miles (48 km) north of the Kansas City, Missouri city limits and approximately 125 miles (201 km) south of Omaha, Nebraska.

The city was named after the town's founder Joseph Robidoux and the biblical Saint Joseph. In the nineteenth century, it was the death place of American outlaw Jesse James. It was also the starting point of the Pony Express serving the West. Today, St. Joseph is home to Missouri Western State University, which enrolls over 3,800 students.
Zuliani
Zuliani is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Edhy Zuliani, Algerian-French footballer

Geninho Zuliani, Brazilian politician

Icilio Zuliani, Italian footballer

Manuel Zuliani (born 2000), Italian rugby union footballer

Mauro Zuliani (born 1959), Italian sprinter

Mirco Zuliani (born 1953), Italian Air Force officer

Polo Zuliani, Venetian nobleman, statesman, and Duke-elect of Candia

Geninho Zuliani
Eugênio José Zuliani, better known as Geninho Zuliani (born 13 January 1976), is a Brazilian politician. He has served as mayor of Olímpia since 2025, having previously served from 2009 to 2016. From 2019 to 2023, he was a member of the Chamber of Deputies.