hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Magda B. Arnold
Magda Blondiau Arnold (born Magda Barta-Blondau; December 22, 1903 – October 5, 2002) was a Canadian psychologist who was the first contemporary theorist to develop appraisal theory of emotions, which moved away from "feeling" theories (e.g. James-Lange theory) and "behaviorist" theories (e.g. Cannon-Bard theory) toward the cognitive approach. She also created a new method of scoring the Thematic Apperception Test called Story Sequence Analysis.

She was a 1957 Guggenheim Fellow.

Cannon–Bard theory
The main concepts of the Cannon–Bard theory are that emotional expression results from the function of hypothalamic structures, and emotional feeling results from stimulations of the dorsal thalamus. The physiological changes and subjective feeling of an emotion in response to a stimulus are separate and independent; arousal does not have to occur before the emotion. Thus, the thalamic region is attributed a major role in this theory of emotion. The theory is therefore also referred to as the thalamic theory of emotion.
Preliminary Notice
In Mechanics lien law a Preliminary Notice (also known as a Notice to Owner, Materialmens Notice to Owner, Notice of Furnishing, Contractor/Subcontractors Notice to Owner, and others) is a notice sent by the general contractor, subcontractor, materialmen, equipment lessors or other parties to a construction project not to create a Mechanics lien but rather to establish the right to file a Mechanics lien in the event of nonpayment. The distinction is important. If the Preliminary Notice is sent but the claimant's bill is paid, the Preliminary Notice has no further legal effect.  However, if the bill is not paid the claimant may now file a Mechanics lien on the owner's property.  Most states do not allow the filing of a Mechanics lien without claimants being able to prove they first sent a Preliminary Notice.

General contractor
A contractor (North American English) or builder (British English), is responsible for the day-to-day oversight of a construction site, management of vendors and trades, and the communication of information to all involved parties throughout the course of a building project.

In the United States, a contractor may be a sole proprietor managing a project and performing labor or carpentry work, have a small staff, or may be a very large company managing billion dollar projects. Some builders build new homes, some are remodelers, some are developers.
Frances Cairncross
Dame Frances Anne Cairncross, DBE, FRSE, FAcSS (born 30 August 1944 in Otley, England) is a British economist, journalist and academic. She is a senior fellow at the School of Public Policy, UCLA.

She formerly chaired the executive committee of the Institute for Fiscal Studies. From 2004 to 2014, she was the Rector of Exeter College, Oxford. Since 2015, she has been chair of the Court of Heriot-Watt University.

Institute for Fiscal Studies
The Institute for Fiscal Studies (IFS) is an independent economic research institute based in London, United Kingdom, which specialises in UK taxation and public policy. It produces both academic and policy-related findings.

The institute's stated aim is "to provide top quality economic analysis independent of government, political party or any other vested interest. Our goal is to promote effective economic and social policies by understanding better their impact on individuals, families, businesses and the government's finances."

Its offices are in the Bloomsbury area of Central London close to the British Museum and University College London.
Bernard Łubieński
Bernard Łubieński, CSsR, (9 December 1846 – 10 September 1933) was a Polish Redemptorist priest, missionary and writer, closely associated with Bishop Robert Coffin and with the Roman Catholic Church in England, where he spent his youth and early career. He was a member of the Redemptorist convent at St Mary's Roman Catholic Church, Clapham in London before returning to Poland in the 1880s to join in re-establishing his order over there with the help of his family. He is currently the subject of a beatification process.

St Mary's Roman Catholic Church, Clapham
St Mary's Church, Clapham, officially Our Immaculate Lady of Victories, is a Grade II*-listed Roman Catholic church on Clapham Park Road in Clapham, South London, England run by the London province of the Redemptorist Congregation within the Archdiocese of Southwark. The church is located on the corner of Clapham Common, near Clapham Common tube station.

The current Bishop of Hallam, Ralph Heskett, was parish priest at St Mary's between 1999 and 2008. The current parish priest of St Mary's is Fr Caspar Mukabva CSsR.
Barbara Klar
Barbara Klar (born 1966 in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan) is a Canadian poet, who won the Gerald Lampert Award in 1994 for her poetry collection The Night You Called Me a Shadow.

After completing high school, Klar took writing courses at Fort San before completing a degree in English at the University of Saskatchewan. She published poetry in literary magazines such as Grain, Border Crossings and Prairie Fire before The Night You Called Me a Shadow was published in 1993. The book also won the Saskatchewan Writers Guild Poetry Award.

She has since followed up with three further poetry collections, The Blue Field (1999), Tower Road (2004) and Cypress (2008). Both The Blue Field and Cypress were shortlisted for the Saskatchewan Book Award. She won a Joseph S. Stauffer Prize from the Canada Council in 2004.

Border Crossings (magazine)
Border Crossings is a magazine published tri-annually from Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. It investigates contemporary Canadian and international art and culture. The magazine includes interviews with artists, profiles, exhibition reviews, and portfolios of drawings and photographs. The magazine covers various forms of arts including paintings, performances, architecture, sculpture and films.
Shred Optics
Shred Optics is a manufacturer of sunglasses, helmets, and goggles designed for skiing, mountain biking, snowboarding, and other forms of outdoor recreation. The company is based in Park City, Utah, and Venice, Italy.

Snowboarding
Snowboarding is a recreational and competitive activity that involves descending a snow-covered surface while standing on a snowboard that is always attached to a rider's feet. It features in the Winter Olympic Games and Winter Paralympic Games.

Snowboarding was developed in the United States, inspired by skiing and skateboarding, which itself was inspired by surfing. Snowboarding became popular around the world in the late 20th century and was introduced as a Winter Olympic Sport at Nagano in 1998 and featured in the Winter Paralympics at Sochi in 2014. As of 2015, its popularity (as measured by equipment sales) in the United States peaked in 2007 and has been in a decline since.
Athletics at the 2006 South American Games
Athletics events at the 2006 South American Games were held at the Centro Nacional de Alto Rendimiento Deportivo in Buenos Aires, Argentina, between November 10–12, 2006.

On this mentioned year, participation was restricted to athletes younger than 23
years old.  The competition also served as the 2nd South American Under-23 Championships.  A detailed report on the results was given.

A total of 44 events were contested, 22 events for men and 22 events for women.

Atletismo Sudamericano
Atletismo Sudamericano (South American Athletics), formerly CONSUDATLE (Spanish: Confederación Sudamericana de Atletismo; South American Athletics Confederation), is the continental confederation governing body of athletics for national governing bodies and multi-national federations within South America, including the transcontinental country Panama. CONSUDATLE is one of six area associations of World Athletics (WA). CONSUDATLE was founded on May 24, 1918, in Buenos Aires, Argentina.  Therefore, the CONSUDATLE claims to be the oldest athletics area association of the world. The founding members were Argentina, Uruguay, and Andean Chile. Successively, the other countries joined: Brazil in 1922, Ecuador and Peru in 1925, Bolivia in 1930, and Colombia in 1937. Paraguay and Venezuela followed later, and Guyana, Panama, and Suriname joined within the last decades.
Josh Robbins
Joshua W. Robbins (born January 12, 1983 in Jackson, Tennessee) is an American HIV/AIDS activist, blogger, talent agent, writer, and social media marketer. His work has been featured on The Advocate, Human Rights Campaign, POZ and a myriad of additional publications. Robbins was named to the POZ 100 List in 2013.

Human Rights Campaign
The Human Rights Campaign (HRC) is an American LGBTQ advocacy group. It is the largest LGBTQ political lobbying organization within the United States. Based in Washington, D.C., the organization focuses on protecting and expanding rights for LGBTQ individuals, including advocating for same-sex marriage, anti-discrimination and hate crimes legislation, and HIV/AIDS advocacy. The organization has a number of legislative initiatives as well as supporting resources for LGBTQ individuals.
Zhang Qibin (swimmer)
Zhang Qibin (Chinese: 张麒斌; pinyin: Zhāng Qí Bīn; born 23 June 1994 in Zibo, Shandong) is a Chinese male swimmer. In the 2016 Olympics, Zhang swam the 100 m butterfly, placing 27th in the final with a time of 52.84 seconds.

Swimming at the 2016 Summer Olympics
The swimming competitions at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro took place from 6 to 13 August at the Olympic Aquatics Stadium. The women's open-water marathon was held on August 15, and the men's open water race on August 16 in Fort Copacabana.
Mycobacterial cervical lymphadenitis
The disease mycobacterial cervical lymphadenitis, also known historically as scrofula and the king's evil, involves a lymphadenitis of the cervical (neck) lymph nodes associated with tuberculosis as well as nontuberculous (atypical) mycobacteria such as Mycobacterium marinum.

Mycobacterium marinum
Mycobacterium marinum is a slow growing fresh and saltwater mycobacterium (SGM) belonging to the genus Mycobacterium and the phylum Actinobacteria. It was formerly known as Mycobacterium balnei. The strain marinum was first identified by Joseph D. Aronson in 1926 and it is observed as a pathogenic mycobacterium causing tuberculosis-like infections in fish (mycobacteriosis) and skin lesions in humans. The bacteria grows optimally at a temperature around 30 °C.
Suchov
Suchov is a municipality and village in Hodonín District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 500 inhabitants.

Suchov, a part of traditional ethnographic region Horňácko, lies approximately 33 kilometres (21 mi) east of Hodonín, 78 km (48 mi) south-east of Brno, and 264 km (164 mi) south-east of Prague.

South Moravian Region
The South Moravian Region (Czech: Jihomoravský kraj; German: Südmährische Region, pronounced [zyːtˈmɛːʁɪʃə ʁeˈɡi̯oːn]; Slovak: Juhomoravský kraj), or just South Moravia, is an administrative unit (kraj) of the Czech Republic, located in the south-western part of its historical region of Moravia. The region's capital is Brno, the nation's 2nd largest city. South Moravia is bordered by the South Bohemian Region to the west, Vysočina Region to the north-west, Pardubice Region to the north, Olomouc Region to the north-east, Zlín Region to the east, Trenčín and Trnava Regions, Slovakia to the south-east and Lower Austria, Austria to the south.
Maryam (name)
Maryam or Mariam  is the Aramaic form of the biblical name Miriam (the name of the prophetess Miriam, the sister of Moses). It is notably the name of Mary the mother of Jesus. 
The spelling in the Semitic abjads is mrym (Hebrew: מרים, Imperial Aramaic: ܡܪܝܡ, Arabic: مريم), which may be vowelized in a number of ways (Meriem, Miryam, Miriyam, Mirijam, Marium, Maryam, Mariyam, Marijam, Meryem, Merjeme, Myriem, etc.)

Via its use in the New Testament the name has been adopted worldwide, especially in Roman Catholicism, but also in Eastern Christianity, in Protestantism, and in Islam. 
In Latin Christianity, the Greek form Mariam was adopted as latinate Maria (whence French Marie and English  Mary). 
Forms retaining the final -m are found throughout the Middle East, in Arabic, Armenian, Georgian, Urdu, and Persian, as well as the Horn of Africa, including Amharic, Tigrinya, and Somali,  Turkish and in Malayalam as Mariyam in south India.

Marie (given name)
Marie is a variation of the feminine given name Maria.

It is also the standard form of the name in Czech, and is also used, either as a variant of Mary or Maria or a borrowing from French, in Danish, English, German, Norwegian, and Swedish.

Marie, Marié or Mariê (真理絵、万里絵、麻里絵、まりえ、マリエ) is also a feminine Japanese given name.
Jens Ritter Instruments
Jens Ritter Instruments is a manufacturer of high-end electric string instruments. It was founded by Jens Ritter in the mid-1990s and was known as Ritter Bass Guitars until 2010 when Jens expanded his line to include guitars. Jens produces 50 to 60 handmade instruments each year in his shop located in the small wine town of Deidesheim,Germany.

A number of well-known bassists play Ritter Basses including Phil Lesh, Josh Duhamel, and Doug Wimbish. Jens Ritter instruments are best known for their progressive design and construction, artistic appearance and limited availability. They also produce strings and other accessories.

George Benson
George Washington Benson (born March 22, 1943) is an American jazz fusion guitarist, singer, and songwriter. He began his professional career at the age of 19 as a jazz guitarist.

A former child prodigy, Benson first came to prominence in the 1960s, playing soul jazz with Jack McDuff and others. He then launched a successful solo career, alternating between jazz, pop, R&B singing, and scat singing. His album Breezin' was certified triple-platinum, hitting No. 1 on the Billboard album chart in 1976. His concerts were well attended through the 1980s, and he still has a large following. Benson has won ten Grammy Awards and has been honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
Walter Hubchick
Walter Hubchick is a Canadian-American curler. He was the lead on the team that represented the United States at the 1963 Scotch Cup, the men's world curling championship at the time. He and the team of skip Mike Slyziuk, third Nelson Brown, and second Ernie Slyziuk curled out of the Detroit Curling Club from Detroit, Michigan. Hubchick and the US team finished in third place, receiving the bronze medal.

He was originally from Grandview, Manitoba.

Detroit Curling Club
The Detroit Curling Club is an organization that promotes the sport of curling in the Detroit area.  Its home is a four-sheet facility located in Ferndale, Michigan. It is one of the oldest curling clubs in the United States, founded in 1840. It is the oldest in Michigan, and the present-day club was founded in 1885 following the merger of several organizations.
Galey (surname)
Galey is a surname of French origin. Notable people with the surname include:

Amy Galey, American politician from North Carolina

Frank Galey, American academic

Geneviève Galey (born 1944), French journalist

Iris Galey (born 1936), Swiss trauma therapist and author

Jean-Claude Galey (born 1946), French anthropologist and ethnologist

Jean-Marie Galey (born 1947), French actor

Louis-Émile Galey (1904–1997), French filmmaker

Marcel Galey (1905–1991), French footballer

Marie Galey (born 1975), French singer and dubbing artist

Matthieu Galey (1934–1986), French author and critic

Thomas Galey (1949–2010), German artist and teacher

Frank Galey
Francis D. "Frank" Galey is the former Provost of Utah State University. A notable scholar and author in the veterinary sciences, he has written or edited over 17 books. Previously the Dean of The University of Wyoming College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, and has previously been employed at the UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine. It was announced he would retire effective July 1, 2022. He will be replaced by current VP of Statewide Campuses, Larry Smith.
M876 motorway
The M876 motorway is a motorway in Scotland. The motorway runs from Denny to Airth in the Falkirk council area, forming an approach road to the Kincardine Bridge.  It was opened in 1980.

The road is 8 miles (13 km) long. It begins by turning off junction 8 (formerly junction 5 until 2011) of the M80 and bypasses Falkirk and Stenhousemuir. It is one of only three motorways in the UK which form a concurrency with another motorway, the M9, which it then leaves again and continues for 1 mile (1.6 km) before becoming the A876.

The original Kincardine Bridge was supplemented in 2008 by a second bridge, the Clackmannanshire Bridge, for traffic towards Alloa.  As part of the works, the terminal Bowtrees Roundabout was replaced with a grade separated junction, and the A876 beyond the junction was upgraded to dual carriageway standard.

Airth
Airth (Scottish Gaelic: An Àird) is a Royal Burgh, village, former trading port and civil parish in Falkirk, Scotland. It is 6 miles (10 kilometres) north of Falkirk town and sits on the banks of the River Forth. Airth lies on the A905 road between Grangemouth and Stirling and is overlooked by Airth Castle; the village retains two market crosses and a small number of historic houses. At the time of the 2001 census the village had a population of 1,273 residents but this has been revised to 1,660 according to a 2008 estimate.

In July of each year it hosts a traditional Scottish Highland Games.
Licignano di Napoli
Licignano di Napoli is the main neighbourhood of Casalnuovo di Napoli, an Italian comune in the Metropolitan City of Naples located 11.67 km northeast of Naples.

It borders the neighbourhood of Casalnuovo, the city of Acerra and Pomigliano d'Arco and the frazione of Tavernanova

Licignano was created as Colonia (Roman) for the soldiers stationed between Naples and Nola knows as Licini.

Nola
Nola is a town and a municipality in the Metropolitan City of Naples, Campania, southern Italy. It lies on the plain between Mount Vesuvius and the Apennines. It is traditionally credited as the diocese that introduced bells to Christian worship.
Megathyrsus maximus
Megathyrsus maximus, known as Guinea grass and green panic grass, is a large perennial bunch grass that is native to Africa and Yemen. It has been introduced in the tropics around the world. It has previously been called Urochloa maxima and Panicum maximum. It was moved to the genus Megathyrsus in 2003.

Pantropical
A pantropical ("all tropics") distribution is one which covers tropical regions of both the Eastern and Western Hemispheres. Examples include caecilians, modern sirenians and the plant genera Acacia and Bacopa.

Neotropical is a zoogeographic term that covers a large part of the Americas, roughly from Mexico and the Caribbean southwards (including cold regions in southernmost South America).

Palaeotropical refers to geographical occurrence. For a distribution to be palaeotropical a taxon must occur in tropical regions in the Old World.

According to Takhtajan (1978), the following families have a pantropical distribution: Annonaceae, Hernandiaceae, Lauraceae, Piperaceae, Urticaceae, Dilleniaceae, Tetrameristaceae, Passifloraceae, Bombacaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Rhizophoraceae, Myrtaceae, Anacardiaceae, Sapindaceae, Malpighiaceae, Proteaceae, Bignoniaceae, Orchidaceae, and Arecaceae.
Yūji Yamaguchi
Yūji Yamaguchi (山口祐司, Yamaguchi Yūji; fl. 1983 – 2019, died before 9 January 2020) was a Japanese anime director who directed the Fate/stay night TV series and the Fate/stay night: Unlimited Blade Works film.

Angel Links
Angel Links (星方天使エンジェルリンクス, Seihō Tenshi Enjeru Rinkusu; lit. "Angels of the Stars: Angel Links") is a Japanese anime television series produced by Sunrise. It was originally aired across the Japanese Wowow television network from April 7 to June 30, 1999. It is a spin-off of the manga Outlaw Star by Takehiko Itō.
Haplogroup A-L1085
Haplogroup A-L1085, also known as haplogroup A0-T is a human Y-DNA haplogroup. It is part of the paternal lineage of almost all humans alive today. The SNP L1085 has played two roles in population genetics: firstly, most Y-DNA haplogroups have diverged from it and; secondly, it defines the undiverged basal clade A-L1085*.

A0-T has two primary branches: A-V148 (also known as haplogroup A0) and haplogroup A-P305 (haplogroup A1).

ǃKung people
The ǃKung (/ˈkʊŋ/ KUUNG) are one of the San peoples who live mostly on the western edge of the Kalahari desert, Ovamboland (northern Namibia and southern Angola), and Botswana. The names ǃKung (ǃXun) and Ju are variant words for 'people', preferred by different ǃKung groups. This band level society used traditional methods of hunting and gathering for subsistence up until the 1970s. Today, the great majority of ǃKung people live in the villages of Bantu pastoralists and European ranchers.
Georg Gottlob
Georg Gottlob FRS is an Austrian-Italian computer scientist who works in the areas of database theory, logic, and artificial intelligence and is Professor of Informatics at the University of Calabria. He was Professor at the University of Oxford.

TU Wien
TU Wien (German: Technische Universität Wien) is a public research university in Vienna, Austria.

The university's teaching and research are focused on engineering, computer science, and natural sciences. It currently has about 28,100 students (29% women), eight faculties, and about 5,000 staff members (3,800 academics).
Ducal hat of Styria
The ducal hat (German: Herzogshut) of the Duchy of Styria is a jagged crown made out of silver-gilt. It was refashioned with pearls and enameled in 1766.

It was kept in Vienna until 1790, when the Styrian Estates asked for it to be returned. In the 19th century, it was refitted again. The ducal hat is about 20.5 cm high, and has a diameter of 20 cm. It is kept today at the Landesmuseum Joanneum (Joanneum National Museum) in Graz, Styria, Austria.

The ducal hat is also featured on top of the coat of arms of the federal state of Styria (Steiermark).

Duchy of Styria
The Duchy of Styria (German: Herzogtum Steiermark; Slovene: Vojvodina Štajerska; Latin: Ducatus Styriae) was a duchy located in modern-day southern Austria and northern Slovenia. It was a part of the Holy Roman Empire until its dissolution in 1806 and a Cisleithanian crown land of Austria-Hungary until its dissolution in 1918.
Shingopana
Shingopana (meaning "wide neck" in Swahili) is a genus of titanosaurian sauropod from the Upper Cretaceous (late Campanian-early Maastrichtian age) Galula Formation of Tanzania. It is known from only the type species, S. songwensis. Gorscak & O'Connor's phylogenetic testing suggest Shingopana is more closely related to the South American titanosaur family of Aeolosaurini than any of the titanosaurs found so far in North & South Africa.

Campanian
The Campanian is the fifth of six ages of the Late Cretaceous epoch on the geologic timescale of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS). In chronostratigraphy, it is the fifth of six stages in the Upper Cretaceous Series. Campanian spans the time from 83.6 (± 0.2) to 72.2 (± 0.2) million years ago. It is preceded by the Santonian and it is followed by the Maastrichtian.

The Campanian was an age when a worldwide sea level rise covered many coastal areas. The morphology of some of these areas has been preserved: it is an unconformity beneath a cover of marine sedimentary rocks.