hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Incorporation (business)
Incorporation is the formation of a new corporate body. The body may be a business corporation, a nonprofit organization, sports club or similar. The term also applied in local government to the formation of a new city or town.

Unlimited company
An unlimited company or private unlimited company is a hybrid company (corporation) incorporated with or without a share capital (and similar to its limited company counterpart) but where the legal liability of the members or shareholders is not limited: that is, its members or shareholders have a joint and several non-limited obligation to meet any insufficiency in the assets of the company to enable settlement of any outstanding financial liability in the event of the company's formal liquidation.
Potcoava
Potcoava is a town in Olt County, Muntenia, Romania. The town administers four villages: Potcoava-Fălcoeni, Sinești, Trufinești and Valea Merilor.

The town is located in the northeastern part of the county, 30 km (19 mi) east of the county seat, Slatina.

At the 2021 census, Potcoava had a population of 5,229. At the 2011 census, it had a population of 5,743 people; of those, 87.65% were Romanians and 7.23% Roma.

Muntenia
Muntenia (Romanian pronunciation: [munˈteni.a], also known in English as Greater Wallachia) is a historical region of Romania, part of Wallachia (also, sometimes considered Wallachia proper, as Muntenia, Țara Românească, and the rarely used Valahia are synonyms in Romanian). It is situated between the Danube (south and east), the Carpathian Mountains (the Transylvanian Alps branch) and Moldavia (both north), and the Olt River to the west. The latter river is the border between Muntenia and Oltenia (or Lesser Wallachia). Part of the traditional border between Wallachia/Muntenia and Moldavia was formed by the rivers Milcov and Siret.
Pechora Sea
The Pechora Sea (Russian: Печо́рское мо́ре, Pechorskoye More) is an Arctic sea to the northwest of European Russia, forming the southeastern portion of the Barents Sea. It is bordered to the west by Kolguyev Island; to the east by Vaygach Island's western coasts and the Yugorsky Peninsula; and to the north by the southern end of Novaya Zemlya.

Located in the centre of the East-Atlantic flyway, the Pechora Sea supports about 600 taxa and the Barents Sea's highest total biomass. It is the site of the yearly migration of one of the largest salmon stocks in Northern Europe. Compared to the rest of the Barents Sea, the Pechora Sea is unique for its more continental climate, lower salinity, shallowness, separation from the open sea, and large input from rivers, as well as a low level of human interference, historically. Its temperate characteristics are not typical of the Arctic.

Salinity
Salinity (/səˈlɪnɪti/) is the saltiness or amount of salt dissolved in a body of water, called saline water (see also soil salinity). It is usually measured in g/L or g/kg (grams of salt per liter/kilogram of water; the latter is dimensionless and equal to ‰).

Salinity is an important factor in determining many aspects of the chemistry of natural waters and of biological processes within it, and is a thermodynamic state variable that, along with temperature and pressure, governs physical characteristics like the density and heat capacity of the water. These in turn are important for understanding ocean currents and heat exchange with the atmosphere.

A contour line of constant salinity is called an isohaline, or sometimes isohale.
John Lawler inquest
The John Lawler inquest was an inquest into the death of John Lawler in 2019. Lawler, an 80-year-old man, died following complications from a chiropractic treatment in York, England. He had sought relief for back pain at the clinic of chiropractor Arleen Scholten in August 2017, but during a spinal manipulation session, he suffered severe complications that led to his hospitalization and death the following day. A coroner's inquest was overseen by Jonathan Heath, which examined whether Scholten’s actions contributed to the fatal outcome. Although a connection between the treatment and Lawler’s death was identified, Scholten was not found criminally negligent. The case prompted the Judiciary of England and Wales to issue a prevention of future deaths report.

Criminal negligence
In criminal law, criminal negligence is an offence that involves a breach of an objective standard of behaviour expected of a defendant. It may be contrasted with strictly liable offences, which do not consider states of mind in determining criminal liability, or offenses that requires mens rea, a mental state of guilt.
RK-3 Corsar
The RK-3 Corsar (Ukrainian: РК-3 Корсар) is a Ukrainian portable anti-tank guided missile developed by Luch State Kyiv Design Bureau.

The Corsar is likely to replace Soviet era anti-tank systems such as the 9M113 Konkurs and 9K111 Fagot.

9K111 Fagot
The 9K111 Fagot (Russian: Фагот; "bassoon") is a second-generation tube-launched semi-automatic command to line of sight (SACLOS) wire-guided anti-tank missile system of the Soviet Union for use from ground or vehicle mounts. The 9K111 Fagot missile system was developed by the Tula KBP Design Bureau for Instrument Building. 9M111 is the designation for the missile. Its NATO reporting name is AT-4 Spigot.
John Sloss
John Sloss (born 1956) is an entertainment lawyer, film sales agent, and manager, who has produced or executive produced over 50 films including the Academy Award-winning The Fog of War, Boys Don't Cry and Boyhood. Other credits include Bernie, City of Hope, Friends with Kids, A Scanner Darkly, Far From Heaven, and Before Sunrise.

The Fog of War
The Fog of War: Eleven Lessons from the Life of Robert S. McNamara is a 2003 American documentary film about the life and times of former U.S. Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara, illustrating his observations of the nature of modern warfare. It was directed by Errol Morris and features an original score by Philip Glass. The title derives from the military concept of the "fog of war", which refers to the difficulty of making decisions in the midst of conflict.

The film was screened out of competition at the 2003 Cannes Film Festival and won the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature and the Independent Spirit Award for Best Documentary Feature of 2003. In 2019, it was selected by the Library of Congress for preservation in the United States National Film Registry for being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".
VMGRT-253
Marine Aerial Refueler Transport Training Squadron 253 (VMGRT 253) was based at Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point, North Carolina, and responsible for providing the Fleet Marine Force active-duty and reserve KC-130 squadrons with qualified replacement pilots and enlisted aircrew.  Known as the "Titans", VMGRT-253 was a subordinate unit of Marine Aircraft Group 14, 2nd Marine Aircraft Wing.

Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point
Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point or MCAS Cherry Point (*34°54′03″N 76°52′51″W﻿ / ﻿34.9009°N 76.8807°W﻿ / 34.9009; -76.8807) (ICAO: KNKT, FAA LID: NKT) is a United States Marine Corps airfield located in Havelock, North Carolina, United States, in the eastern part of the state. It was built in 1941, and was commissioned in 1942 and is currently home to the 2nd Marine Aircraft Wing.
Monopoly (2000 video game)
Monopoly is a 1999 computer game based on the board game Monopoly, released for Microsoft Windows and Macintosh. Developed by Artech Studios, it was published by Hasbro Interactive, Inc. for Windows and MacSoft for the Mac. This title was one of many inspired by the property-dealing board game. It uses the same box art as a 1998 reissue of the 1995 Monopoly PC game. This game proved to be popular and was re-released as Monopoly New Edition (also known as Monopoly 3) on September 30, 2002, published by Infogrames. The only major difference between this game and its re-release was the absence of the board editor in Monopoly 3.

MacSoft
MacSoft was an American video game developer and publisher founded in 1993 by Peter Tamte as a subsidiary of WizardWorks, specializing in the production of video game ports from Microsoft Windows to Macintosh operating systems, as well as productivity software. In 1996, WizardWorks was acquired by GT Interactive (later renamed Infogrames, Inc.), with WizardWorks and MacSoft split into different operations. On January 30, 2003, MacSoft was acquired by Destineer, and founder Peter Tamte again became the company's director. Ultimately, MacSoft shut down due to Destineer's closure in May 2011.
Stanford Law School
Stanford Law School (SLS) is the law school of Stanford University. Established in 1893, the school had an acceptance rate of 6.28% in 2021, the second-lowest of any law school in the country. George Triantis currently serves as Dean.

Stanford Law School employs more than 90 full-time and part-time faculty members and enrolls over 550 students who are working toward their Juris Doctor (J.D.) degree. Stanford Law also confers four advanced legal degrees: a Master of Laws (LL.M.), a Master of Legal Studies (M.L.S.), a Master of the Science of Law (J.S.M.), and a Doctor of the Science of Law (J.S.D.). Each fall, Stanford Law enrolls a J.D. class of approximately 180 students, giving Stanford the smallest student body of any law school ranked in the top fourteen (T14). Stanford also maintains eleven full-time legal clinics, including the nation's first and most active Supreme Court litigation clinic, and offers 27 formal joint degree programs.

Master of Jurisprudence
A Master of Jurisprudence is a graduate-level professional degree in law and legal studies. It is designed for those with a bachelor's degree in a non-law field of study. The degree may or may not qualify an individual for bar admission, depending on their jurisdictions.

The degree may go by several names, including a Master in Law, Master of Science in Law, Master of Legal Studies, Master of Science in Legal Studies, Juris Master, and Master of Studies in Law.
Užava Lighthouse
Užava Lighthouse (Latvian: Užavas bāka) - a lighthouse located on the Latvian coast of the Baltic Sea. The lighthouse stands in an isolated location, on a 28 metres high sand dune, which is permanently threatened by the Baltic Sea waves' erosion. For this reason, the first coastal reinforcement – a dense log wall was constructed to secure the lighthouse's location in 1910. Later, fir-tree baskets filled with gravel, and big boulders to absorb the waves' energy. Currently, the base of the lighthouse is protected by rock armour.

Fir
Firs are evergreen coniferous trees belonging to the genus Abies (Latin: [ˈabieːs]) in the family Pinaceae. There are approximately 48–65 extant species, found on mountains throughout much of North and Central America, Eurasia, and North Africa. The genus is most closely related to Keteleeria, a small genus confined to eastern Asia.

They are tall trees that can be distinguished from other members of the pine family by the way in which their needle-like leaves are attached singly to the branches with a circular base, and by their cones, which, like those of cedars, stand upright on the branches like candles and disintegrate at maturity.

The wood of firs is used for pulp to make paper, for plywood, and for indoor construction. Some species serve as Christmas trees, while others are used as decorative trees with their brightly coloured cones. In art, Lucas Cranach the Elder painted Madonna under the fir tree for Wrocław Cathedral in 1510.
Cloud Top
Cloud Top (Chinese: 雲頂; pinyin: Yúndǐng) is a 30-story, 361 ft (110 m) tall residential twin skyscraper complex located in Xinyi Special District, Taipei, Taiwan. The complex used to be the tallest residential skyscrapers in Taipei when completed in 1997. Built under strict requirements of preventing damage caused by earthquakes and typhoons common on the island, the residential complex provides 195 units of luxury apartments, offering unobstructed views of Taipei 101 and Xinyi District.

Xinyi District, Taipei
Xinyi District or Sinyi District is a district of Taipei, Taiwan.

Xinyi District includes Taipei 101, Taipei International Convention Center, Taipei World Trade Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall and various shopping malls and entertainment venues.
Thermithiobacillus
Thermithiobacillus is a genus of nonsporeforming, rod-shaped, Gram-negative bacteria. The name derives from the Latin thermae, for warm baths, and the Classical Greek θείος, theios for sulfur. The type species of this genus was previously assigned to the genus Thiobacillus, but it was reclassified on the basis of 16S rRNA analysis in 2000, creating this genus.

A phylogenetic analysis, using 98 protein families confirmed this reassignment. This chemolithoautotrophic genus is obligately aerobic and moderately thermophilic (43-45 °C). The type species is Thermithiobacillus tepidarius. A second species, Thermithiobacillus plumbiphilus, was published in 2016.

Ribosomal RNA
Ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) is a type of non-coding RNA which is the primary component of ribosomes, essential to all cells. rRNA is a ribozyme which carries out protein synthesis in ribosomes. Ribosomal RNA is transcribed from ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and then bound to ribosomal proteins to form small and large ribosome subunits. rRNA is the physical and mechanical factor of the ribosome that forces transfer RNA (tRNA) and messenger RNA (mRNA) to process and translate the latter into proteins. Ribosomal RNA is the predominant form of RNA found in most cells; it makes up about 80% of cellular RNA despite never being translated into proteins itself. Ribosomes are composed of approximately 60% rRNA and 40% ribosomal proteins, though this ratio differs between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Cyprus (ship)
Several vessels have borne the name Cyprus, named for the island of Cyprus:

Cyprus (1816 ship) was a ship launched at Sunderland in 1816 that in 1829 was seized and eventually scuttled by convicts that she was transporting from Hobart Town to Port Macquarie

SS Cyprus was a lake freighter that was launched in August 1907 and that sank during a gale storm on Lake Superior on 11 October 1907

MV Cyprus C, launched in 1944 as the Empire Fable, was an Empire F type coaster, renamed Cyprus C in 1948 and later renamed Yvonne Olivier (1950), Antonios (1954), and Copetrole I (1958)

SS Cyprus
SS Cyprus was a lake freighter that sank during a gale storm on Lake Superior on 11 October 1907. The ship went down in 460 feet (140 m) of water at 46°47′N 85°36′W﻿ / ﻿46.79°N 85.60°W﻿ / 46.79; -85.60, about 8 miles (7.0 nautical miles; 13 kilometres) north of Deer Park in Luce County, Michigan. All but one of the 23 members of the crew perished.
Climate and Environment Sciences Laboratory
The Climate and Environment Sciences Laboratory (Laboratoire des sciences du climat et de l'environnement, or LSCE) is a French mixed research unit (UMR 8212) between the CNRS, the CEA and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin, aimed at the study of climate and in particular climate change. It is part of the Institute Pierre Simon Laplace, and located on campuses in l'Orme des Merisiers and Gif-sur-Yvette.

The group plays a prominent role in the framework of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and includes modellers in glaciology, remote sensing and air quality study.

Glaciology
Glaciology (from Latin  glacies 'frost, ice' and Ancient Greek  λόγος (logos) 'subject matter'; lit. 'study of ice') is the scientific study of glaciers, or, more generally, ice and natural phenomena that involve ice.

Glaciology is an interdisciplinary Earth science that integrates geophysics, geology, physical geography, geomorphology, climatology, meteorology, hydrology, biology, and ecology. The impact of glaciers on people includes the fields of human geography and anthropology. The discoveries of water ice on the Moon, Mars, Europa and Pluto add an extraterrestrial component to the field, which is referred to as "astroglaciology".
Euskotren rolling stock
Euskotren is a public railway operator in the Basque Country, Spain. Its rolling stock is formed by electrical multiple units used for Euskotren Trena commuter rail services, trams running on the Bilbao and Vitoria-Gasteiz tramway networks, and locomotives for hauling freight trains.

Bilbao tram
The Bilbao tram (Basque: Bilboko tranbia, Spanish: Tranvía de Bilbao) is a tram system in Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain. Operated by Euskotren under the brand Euskotren Tranbia (which also manages the tram system in Vitoria-Gasteiz), it comprises a single 7.8 km (4.8 mi) line, inaugurated on 18 December 2002 and last extended on 25 March 2022.

The factor leading its creation was to improve Bilbao's railway network; the tram serves neighbourhoods that do not have metro or Cercanías stations. Also, the line goes through important tourist and cultural spots, like the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao. It offers connections with the Bilbao metro, Euskotren Trena and Cercanías Bilbao.
Zachary Cook
Zachary J. Cook is an American politician and a former Republican member of the New Mexico House of Representatives representing District 56 from his January 16, 2009 appointment by Governor of New Mexico Bill Richardson to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of W. C. Williams until 2022.

Governor of New Mexico
The governor of New Mexico (Spanish: gobernador de Nuevo México) is the head of government of New Mexico. The governor is the head of the executive branch of New Mexico's state government and the commander-in-chief of the New Mexico National Guard. As noted in the governor's seal, this gubernatorial office is a scion of the Spanish and Mexican governors of Nuevo México (1598) and the governors of the New Mexico Territory (1851). The officeholder is afforded the courtesy title of The Honorable for life. The current governor is Michelle Lujan Grisham, a Democrat, who was sworn in as the 32nd governor of New Mexico on January 1, 2019.
Little Tupper Lake
Little Tupper Lake is a 2,300-acre lake located in the town of Long Lake, Hamilton County, New York by Whitney Headquarters, New York. It is located in the 19,500-acre William C. Whitney Wilderness Area.

Of the 100 largest lakes in the park, it is one of only five which are free of motorboats, jetskis, and floatplanes, including Lows, Lake Lila, Round, and Saint Regis Pond.

Fish species present in the lake are bass and sunfish; until 2000 it was stocked with a heritage species of brook trout.  There is hand launch available at Whitney Headquarters.

Saint Regis Pond
Saint Regis Pond is a 388-acre (1.57 km2) pond, the largest in the Saint Regis Canoe Area in the Adirondacks in northern New York state.  It drains into the west branch of the St. Regis River.  It is part of the "Seven Carries" canoe route.

The pond is 1.6 miles (2.6 km) long.  There are four small islands and several designated campsites.  Saint Regis Pond can only be reached by one or more carries from other ponds in the Canoe Area; the shortest route is via a 0.6-mile (0.97 km) carry from Little Clear Pond after a 1.5-mile (2.4 km) paddle from the parking area on Floodwood Road.
Caproic acid
Caproic acid, also known as hexanoic acid, is the carboxylic acid derived from hexane with the chemical formula CH3(CH2)4COOH. It is a colorless oily liquid with a fatty, cheesy, waxy odor resembling that of goats or other barnyard animals. It is a fatty acid found naturally in various animal fats and oils, and is one of the chemicals that gives the decomposing fleshy seed coat of the ginkgo its characteristic unpleasant odor. It is also one of the components of vanilla and cheese. Salts and esters of caproic acid are known as caproates or hexanoates.

Two other acids are named after goats: caprylic acid (C8) and capric acid (C10). Along with caproic acid, they account for 15% of the fat in goat's milk.

Caproic, caprylic, and capric acids (capric is a crystal- or wax-like substance, whereas the other two are mobile liquids) are used for the formation of esters, and also commonly used "neat" in: butter, milk, cream, strawberry, bread, beer, nut, and other flavors.

Goat milk
Goat milk is the milk of domestic goats. Goats produce about 2% of the world's total annual milk supply. Some goats are bred specifically for milk. Goat milk naturally has small, well-emulsified fat globules, which means the cream remains in suspension for a longer period of time than cow's milk; therefore, it does not need to be homogenized. Eventually, the cream rises to the top over a period of a few days. If the milk is to be used to make cheese, homogenization is not recommended, as this changes the structure of the milk, affecting the culture's ability to coagulate the milk as well as the final quality and yield of cheese.

Dairy goats in their prime (generally around the third or fourth lactation cycle) average—2.7 to 3.6 kg (6 to 8 lb)—(or 2.8 to 3.8 L (3 to 4 U.S. qt))—of milk production daily—roughly during a ten-month lactation. Goats produce more after freshening and gradually drop production toward the end of their lactation. The milk generally averages 3.5% butterfat.
Cuicatec language
Cuicatec is an Oto-Manguean language spoken in Oaxaca, Mexico. It belongs to the Mixtecan branch together with the Mixtec languages and the Trique language. The Ethnologue lists two major dialects of Cuicatec: Tepeuxila Cuicatec and Teutila Cuicatec. Like other Oto-Manguean languages, Cuicatec is tonal.

The Cuicatecs are closely related to the Mixtecs. They inhabit two towns: Teutila and Tepeuxila in western Oaxaca. According to the 2000 census, they number around 23,000, of whom an estimated 65% are speakers of the language. The name Cuicatec is a Nahuatl exonym, from [ˈkʷika] 'song' [ˈteka] 'inhabitant of place of'.

Cuicatec-language programming is carried by the CDI's radio station XEOJN, based in San Lucas Ojitlán, Oaxaca.

San Lucas Ojitlán
San Lucas Ojitlán is a town and municipality in Oaxaca in south-western Mexico. The municipality covers an area of 595.81 km2. 
It is part of the Tuxtepec District of the Papaloapan Region.

As of 2005, the municipality had a total population of 19,871.
Brian Derby
Brian Derby FIMMM (born 1957) is professor of materials science at Manchester University. He has been at the forefront of research into inkjet printing and 3D bioprinting, winning the Edward de Bono Medal for Original Thinking in 2007 for his work on Printing Skin and Bones: using inkjet printing technology to fabricate complex tissue scaffolds on which cells can be grown.

Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining
The Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining (IOM3) is a British engineering institution with activities including promotion of the development of materials science.

It has been a registered charity governed by a royal charter and a member of the United Kingdom's Science Council, since 2002. In 2019, the IOM3 celebrated the 150-year anniversary of the establishment of the Iron and Steel Institute which the IOM3 now encompasses. In 2022, it had a gross income of £3.99 million.
The Girl from Hell
The Girl from Hell (German: Das Mädel aus der Hölle) is a 1923 German silent drama film directed by Frederic Zelnik and starring Lya Mara, Carl Auen and Harald Paulsen. It premiered at the Marmorhaus in Berlin.

The film's sets were designed by the art director Fritz Lederer.

Marmorhaus
The Marmorhaus (English: Marble House) was a cinema that used to be located on the Kurfürstendamm in Berlin. Opened in 1913, it takes its name from a large marble façade. Designed by the architect Hugo Pál, the walls of the foyer and auditorium were decorated by the expressionist artist Cesar Klein.

During the silent era it was a common venue for premieres of new films. These included The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari, Johannes Goth, The Woman in Heaven, The Head of Janus, Genuine, Four Around a Woman, Wandering Souls,  and The Haunted Castle.

Owned by the giant UFA company for many years, it was later developed into a multiplex.

In 2001 the cinema closed, and the property was sold to the Spanish retailer Zara, which remodeled it as a store. It has since been converted to a MUJI store.