hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
William M. Blackburn
William Maxwell Blackburn (December 30, 1828 – December 29, 1898) was an American Presbyterian minister, church historian, and educator.

Blackburn studied at Hanover College and Princeton Theological Seminary and served as a pastor before becoming Professor of Biblical and Ecclesiastical History at the Theological Seminary of the Northwest in Chicago. In 1884 he was appointed the first president of the University of North Dakota, but was dismissed after only a year due to disagreements in establishing the academic curriculum. He subsequently served at president of Pierre College in South Dakota.

While in Pierre, he and his wife lived in a house which has become known as the Dr. William and Elizabeth Blackburn House.

Church history
Church history or ecclesiastical history as an academic discipline studies the history of Christianity and the way the Christian Church has developed since its inception.

Henry Melvill Gwatkin defined church history as "the spiritual side of the history of civilized people ever since our Master's coming". A. M. Renwick, however, defines it as an account of the Church's success and failure in carrying out Christ's Great Commission. Renwick suggests a fourfold division of church history into missionary activity, church organization, doctrine and "the effect on human life".

Church history is often, but not always, studied from a Christian perspective. Writers from different Christian traditions will often highlight people and events particularly relevant to their own denominational history. Catholic and Orthodox writers often highlight the achievements of the ecumenical councils, while evangelical historians may focus on the Protestant Reformation and the Great Awakenings.
National Catholicism
National Catholicism (Spanish: nacionalcatolicismo) was part of the ideological identity of Francoism, the political system through which the Spanish dictator Francisco Franco governed the Spanish State between 1939 and 1975. Its most visible manifestation was the hegemony that the Catholic Church had in all aspects of public and private life. As a symbol of the ideological divisions within Francoism, it can be contrasted to national syndicalism (Spanish: nacionalsindicalismo), an essential component of the ideology and political practice of the Falangists.

National syndicalism
National syndicalism is a far-right adaptation of syndicalism within the broader agenda of integral nationalism that developed during the French Third Republic and spread to other romance regions like Italy and the Iberian Peninsula.
Charles Metcalf Allen
Charles Metcalf Allen (1871 in Walpole, Massachusetts – 1950 in Holden, Massachusetts) was a  hydraulic engineer known particularly for his inventions and development of the Allen Salt-Velocity Method for measuring water discharge in situations where other methods or instruments could not be easily used. In 1936, Allen received the ASME Warner Medal, and in 1949, he received the John Fritz Medal. From 1906 to 1945, Charles Metcalf Allen served as professor of hydraulic engineering at Worcester Polytechnic Institute. During that period he also performed research at the Alden Hydraulic Laboratory

Holden, Massachusetts
Holden is a town in Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States. The town was founded in 1741, on All Hallow’s Eve  and the Town Square (Center, Common) was donated by John Hancock, former Governor of Massachusetts. The population was 19,905 at the 2020 census. It includes the village of Jefferson.
Aline Covered Bridge
The Aline Covered Bridge, also known as Meiserville Covered Bridge, is a historic covered bridge located in Perry Township near Meiserville in Snyder County, Pennsylvania. It is a 60-foot-long (18 m) Burr Truss bridge built in 1884.  It crosses the North Branch of Mahantango Creek.

In 1982 a new bridge was built to bypass the covered bridge, which is open only to pedestrian traffic.  A round picnic table sits in the middle of the bridge. 
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

Covered bridge
A covered bridge is a timber-truss bridge with a roof, decking, and siding, which in most covered bridges create an almost complete enclosure. The purpose of the covering is to protect the wooden structural members from the weather. Uncovered wooden bridges typically have a lifespan of only 20 years because of the effects of rain and sun, but a covered bridge can last over 100 years. In the United States, only about 1 in 10 survived the 20th century. The relatively small number of surviving bridges is due to deliberate replacement, neglect, and the high cost of restoration.

Surviving covered bridges often attract touristic attention due to their rarity, quaint appearance, and bucolic settings. Many are considered historic and have been the subject of historic preservation campaigns.
Rick Cua
Rick Cua (born December 3, 1948) is an American Christian rock singer, songwriter, bassist, author and ordained minister. He is a former member of the Southern rock band, Outlaws, whom he joined in 1980, but left in 1983 to pursue a full-time career in contemporary Christian music, the year after, wherein he gained popularity throughout most of the 1980s as a leather-jacket-wearing rocker with an arena rock sound featuring big, shout-along choruses.

Southern rock
Southern rock is a subgenre of rock music and a genre of Americana. It developed in the Southern United States from rock and roll, country and blues, and is focused generally on electric guitars and vocals.
Phillip Rossman
Phillip Rossman (March 4, 1836 – December 8, 1891) was an American businessman and politician.

Born in Germany, Rossman and his parents emigrated to the United States and settled in Sheboygan County, Wisconsin, in 1851. In 1871, Rossman moved to Clark County, Wisconsin, and settled in the town of Beaver where he had a farm and saw mill. He was a farmer and in the lumber and manufacturing business. Rossman served as chairman of the Beaver Town Board and as Beaver Town Treasurer; he also served on the Clark County Board of Supervisors and was a Republican. In 1891, Rossman served in the Wisconsin State Assembly until his death. Rossman died in a hospital in Chicago, Illinois of cancer of the abdomen and had undergone surgery.

Sheboygan County, Wisconsin
Sheboygan County (/ʃɪˈbɔɪɡən/ ⓘ) is a county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. It is named after the Sheboygan River. As of the 2020 census, the population was 118,034. Its county seat is Sheboygan. The county was created in 1836 and organized in 1846. At the time, it was located in the Wisconsin Territory. Sheboygan County comprises the Sheboygan, WI Metropolitan Statistical Area. Part of the Holyland region is located in northwestern Sheboygan County.
CC Sig
Croissant Club de Sig (Arabic: نادي هلال سيق), known as CC Sig or simply CCS for short, is an Algerian football club located in Sig, Algeria, Algeria. The club was founded in 1926 and its colours are red and white. Their home stadium, Ahmed Said Stadium, has a capacity of 6,000 spectators. The club is currently playing in the Division d'Honneur.

Ligue de Football de la Wilaya
Ligue de Football de la Wilaya is a football division in Algeria consisting of various provincial leagues situated at the bottom of the Algerian football league system. Most of the leagues comprise clubs from the same wilaya and are divided into honneur (honor) and pré-honneur (pre-honor) divisions, located at the 6th and 7th tiers respectively. Each league manages its own championship(s), through delegation from the Algerian Football Federation.
47 of 58 wilayas have their league. The ones without a league are Tindouf and the 10 new wilayas which were established in 2019 (Bordj Badji Mokhtar, Ain Salah, Djanet, Ain Guezzam, El M'Ghair, Touggourt, Béni Abbès, Timimoun, Ouled Djellal, El Menia). The wilaya leagues are as follows:
Capt. Richard Strong House
The Capt. Richard Strong House is a historic house at 1471 Peterborough Road (New Hampshire Route 101) in Dublin, New Hampshire.  This two story wood-frame house was built c. 1821, and was the first house in Dublin to have brick end walls.  It was built by Captain Richard Strong, a grandson of Dublin's first permanent settler, Henry Strongman.  The house has later ells added to its right side dating to c. 1882 and c. 1910.  In the second half of the 19th century the house was owned by the locally prominent Gowing family.  The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

New Hampshire Route 101
New Hampshire Route 101 (NH 101) is a state-maintained highway in southern New Hampshire extending from Keene to Hampton Beach. It is the major east–west highway in the southern portion of the state. Most of its eastern portion is a major freeway linking the greater Manchester area to the Seacoast Region. At 95.189 miles (153.192 km) in length, NH 101 nearly spans the entire width of southern New Hampshire.

The western terminus of NH 101 is in Keene at the junction of NH 9, NH 10, and NH 12. The eastern terminus is in Hampton Beach at the junction with Ocean Boulevard (NH 1A).

Between Exeter and Hampton, NH 101 is known as the Exeter–Hampton Expressway.

There are two current and three former auxiliary routes for NH 101. The current routes are NH 101A, which connects Milford and Nashua, and NH 101E, which parallels the main route in Hampton.
Winnipeg Route 135
Route 135, also known as Fermor Avenue, is a city route in Winnipeg, Manitoba. It runs from Dunkirk Drive to the Winnipeg city limit, through the suburbs of St. Vital and St. Boniface.

The route begins as a principal arterial road, passing through residential, commercial, and industrial areas before becoming an expressway with service roads east of Lagimodière Boulevard (Highway 59). The section between St. Anne's Road and the Perimeter Highway forms part of the Trans-Canada Highway (Highway 1) route through the city.

Limited-access road
A limited-access road, known by various terms worldwide, including limited-access highway,  partial controlled-access highway, and expressway, is a highway or arterial road for high-speed traffic which has many or most characteristics of a controlled-access highway (also known as a freeway or motorway), including limited or no access to adjacent property; some degree of separation of opposing traffic flow (often being dual carriageways); use of grade separated interchanges to some extent; prohibition of slow modes of transport, such as bicycles, horse-drawn vehicles or ridden horses, or self-propelled agricultural machines; and very few or no intersecting cross-streets or level crossings. The degree of isolation from local traffic allowed varies between countries and regions. The precise definition of these terms varies by jurisdiction.
2023–24 CSA Women's T20 Challenge
The 2023–24 CSA Women's T20 Challenge is the ongoing 11th edition of South Africa's provincial Twenty20 cricket tournament. The tournament is taking place from October 2023 to April 2024, with 16 teams competing in three divisions. Central Gauteng are the defending champions.

The Top 6 Division of the tournament forms part of the CSA Professional Domestic Women's League alongside the Top 6 Division of the CSA Women's One-Day Cup. Newly introduced for the 2023–24 season, the six teams competing in the division each have eleven professional players, alongside a permanent coaching set-up.

Central Gauteng women's cricket team
The Central Gauteng women's cricket team, also known as DP World Lions and previously known as Southern Transvaal women's cricket team, Transvaal women's cricket team and Gauteng women's cricket team, is the women's representative cricket team for part of the South African province of Gauteng. They compete in the CSA Women's One-Day Cup and the CSA Women's T20 Challenge.
Christoffel Beudeker
Christoffel Beudeker (1675 or 1685 – 1756) was an Amsterdam merchant and landowner who created an important collection of maps and views of the Dutch Republic and the southern Netherlands which is now in the British Library as the Beudeker Collection.

The collection is based on Joan Blaeu's  maps of towns of the Netherlands, Tooneel der Steden van de Vereenighde Nederlanden and the part of Blaeu's Atlas Major covering the Netherlands. Beudeker also collected many maps, portraits, drawings, views, and satirical prints dated between 1600 and 1756. Additional material added after Beudeker's death extended the collection up to 1815. Other material is available at the Memory of the Netherlands, a joint project with Koninklijke Bibliotheek, the National Library of the Netherlands.

Map
A map is a symbolic depiction of interrelationships, commonly spatial, between things within a space. A map may be annotated with text and graphics. Like any graphic, a map may be fixed to paper or other durable media, or may be displayed on a transitory medium such as a computer screen. Some maps change interactively. Although maps are commonly used to depict geographic elements, they may represent any space, real or fictional. The subject being mapped may be two-dimensional such as Earth's surface, three-dimensional such as Earth's interior, or from an abstract space of any dimension.

Maps of geographic territory have a very long tradition and have existed from ancient times. The word "map" comes from the medieval Latin: Mappa mundi, wherein mappa meant 'napkin' or 'cloth' and mundi 'of the world'. Thus, "map" became a shortened term referring to a flat representation of Earth's surface.
National Highway 206 (India, old numbering)
National Highway 206 (NH 206) was a National Highway in India within the state of Karnataka. NH 206 connected the towns of Tumkur and Honnavar, Via: Tiptur, Arsikere, Kadur, Shivamogga and it was 365 km long.

Before it was upgraded to a National Highway, the NH 206 was designated as State Highway 68 (SH 68), and alternatively known as B.H. Road (Bangalore-Honnavar Road). At Honnavar, it started at the junction with NH 17 (Old Number) and crossed NH 13 (Old Number) before joining the former NH 4 near Sira. (NH4 has now been renumbered as NH48).

All the National Highways were renumbered in the year 2010. Banavara to Honnavar sector of this highway is presently merged under new number NH 69 and Banavara to Tumkur sector is a part of new Highway number NH 73.

National Highway 69 (India)
National Highway 69 (NH 69) previously National Highway 206 (From Honnavara to Banavara section) and National Highway 234 (From Huliyar to Mulbagal section)) is a 732 km (455 mi) long major National Highway in India that runs through the states of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. The western terminal is located at the junction of NH 66 near Honnavar, and it connects with NH 48 near Sira, NH 44 near Chikkaballapur, and NH 75 near Mulbagal. The eastern terminal is situated at the end of Renigunta. Its old name was NH 234.
Bansha no goku
The Bansha no goku (蛮社の獄, literally "Indictment of the society for western (or barbarian) study") refers to the 1839 suppression of scholars of Western Studies (rangaku) by the Edo Shogunate government of Japan.

The incident was provoked by criticism of the isolationist sakoku policy due to actions such as the Morrison Incident when an unarmed American merchant ship was fired upon under the Edict to Repel Foreign Ships.

Among those who suffered from this action were Watanabe Kazan, Takano Chōei and Koseki Sanei.

Morrison incident
The Morrison incident (モリソン号事件, Morison-gō Jiken) of 1837 occurred when the American merchant ship Morrison, headed by Charles W. King, was driven away from "sakoku" (isolationist) Japan by cannon fire. This was carried out in accordance with the Japanese Edict to Repel Foreign Vessels of 1825. It has been alleged that King used the pretext of repatriating seven Japanese castaways, among them Yamamoto Otokichi, to try to open trade with Japan.
Fredrik Nyman
Fredrik Emanuel Nyman (born 7 February 1995) is a Swedish curler.

He is a 2024 Swedish men's champion, a 2023 Swedish mixed champion and three-time Swedish junior men's champion (2014, 2015, 2016). He has competed in four World Junior Championships and two Winter Universiades.

At the World Junior Championships 2016 he received the Sportsmanship Award.

Curling at the Winter World University Games
Curling has been a part of the Winter Universiade since it was featured was optional sport in the 2003 Winter Universiade in Tarvisio. It became a compulsory sport as of the 2007 Winter Universiade in Turin.
Sony ZV-E10 II
The Sony ZV-E10 II (ZV-E10 M2) is a APS-C mirrorless interchangeable lens camera (MILC) that was released on July 10, 2024 as the successor to the Sony ZV-E10. The purpose of this iteration was to encourage personalization from creators through additional granular control of the camera's Creative Looks presets and a newly added Cinematic Vlog setting. This camera shipped with the updated user-interface introduced with the Sony α7S III in 2021, while also utilizing the sensor, battery module, and processor from the Sony FX30 and Sony α6700 models.

Processor (computing)
In computing and computer science, a processor or processing unit is an electrical component (digital circuit) that performs operations on an external data source, usually memory or some other data stream. The term is frequently used to refer to the central processing unit (CPU), the main processor in a system. It can also refer to other specialized processors such as graphics processing units (GPU), quantum processing units (QPU), and digital signal processors (DSP). The design and development of a processor is intricate and time-consuming because it requires defining both its functional requirements (operations it must perform) and its non-functional requirements (the physical and performance constraints). It is typically built to operate on digital data, as an integrated circuit using semiconducting material, containing transistors organized into logic gates, further organized into sections such as IP blocks or cores, that can be connected together.
WNYA
WNYA (channel 51, cable channel 4) is a television station licensed to Pittsfield, Massachusetts, United States, serving New York's Capital District as an affiliate of MyNetworkTV. It is owned by Hubbard Broadcasting alongside Albany-licensed NBC affiliate WNYT (channel 13). Both stations share studios on North Pearl Street in Menands (with an Albany postal address), while WNYA's transmitter is located on the Helderberg Escarpment west of New Salem.

The station uses its main cable channel position of 4 on Charter Spectrum and Verizon Fios for marketing purposes as My 4 Albany, only mentioning their actual channel number on-air during maintenance sign-off disclosures. Despite Pittsfield being WNYA's city of license, the station maintains no physical presence there.

New Salem, New York
New Salem is a hamlet in the town of New Scotland, Albany County, New York, United States. It is located in a valley at the foot of the Helderberg Escarpment along New York State Route 85. A local fair and car show is held every year in this small hamlet. It is also home to the town of New Scotland's community center and museum.
Oleg Kazmirchuk
Oleh Vasylyovych Kazmyrchuk (Ukrainian: Олег Васильович Казьмирчук) (born on 4 December 1968) was a Kyrgyzstani and Ukrainian footballer who was a midfielder for FC Akzhayik Astana. He was a member of the Kyrgyzstan national football team, earning two caps in 1992.

Kyrgyzstan national football team
The Kyrgyzstan national football team (Kyrgyz: Кыргыз Республикасынын улуттук курама командасы; Russian: Сборная Кыргызской Республики по футболу), officially recognised by FIFA and AFC as Kyrgyz Republic, represents Kyrgyzstan in international football and is controlled by the Kyrgyz Football Union, a member of the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) and Central Asian Football Association.
Port Augusta Prison
Port Augusta Prison is a prison located in Stirling North just south of Port Augusta, South Australia, Australia.

The prison has facilities for high, medium and low security prisoners including protectees and special needs prisoners. With a capacity of 524 male and 25 female inmates, the prison is one of only two facilities in the State that provides accommodation for female prisoners and has a significant Indigenous Australian population.

Stirling North, South Australia
Stirling North (known by locals as Catninga) is a town located 8 kilometres (5 miles) east of Port Augusta in the Australian state of South Australia. Its origin was as a reliable watering point in low-rainfall country, used by Aboriginal people since time immemorial, and by settlers since the 1850s. Few people lived there until about 100 houses were built in the 1980s for railway employees and their families – Stirling North railway station has been an important railway junction for up to four main lines. Subsequent residential development was substantial; now the town serves essentially as a satellite to Port Augusta. From a population of 350 in 2008, Stirling North had a population of 2793 at the 2021 census.
Kugel–Khomskii coupling
Kugel–Khomskii coupling describes a coupling between the spin and orbital degrees of freedom in a solid; it is named after the Russian physicists Kliment I. Kugel (Климент Ильич Кугель) and Daniel I. Khomskii (Daniil I. Khomskii, Даниил Ильич Хомский). The Hamiltonian used is:

Hamiltonian (quantum mechanics)
In quantum mechanics, the Hamiltonian of a system is an operator corresponding to the total energy of that system, including both kinetic energy and potential energy. Its spectrum, the system's energy spectrum or its set of energy eigenvalues, is the set of possible outcomes obtainable from a measurement of the system's total energy. Due to its close relation to the energy spectrum and time-evolution of a system, it is of fundamental importance in most formulations of quantum theory.

The Hamiltonian is named after William Rowan Hamilton, who developed a revolutionary reformulation of Newtonian mechanics, known as Hamiltonian mechanics, which was historically important to the development of quantum physics. Similar to vector notation, it is typically denoted by , where the hat indicates that it is an operator. It can also be written as  or .
2019–20 Russian Cup
The 2019–20 Russian Cup was the 28th season of the Russian football knockout tournament since the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

The competition started 19 July 2019, but suspended on 17 March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia.

Lokomotiv Moscow was the reigning cup-holder, winning its eighth Russian Cup in 2018–19, defeating Ural Yekaterinburg in the final, 1–0. However, Lokomotiv was eliminated in the round of 32 after it was defeated by Baltika Kaliningrad (1–1 after extra time and 1–4 by penalty shootout).

Lokomotiv Moscow has the most Russian Cup championships in history, followed by CSKA Moscow (7), Spartak Moscow and Zenit Saint Petersburg (3 each).

FC Lokomotiv Moscow
FC Lokomotiv Moscow (Russian: Футбольный клуб "Локомотив" Москва, romanized: Futbol'nyy klub "Lokomotiv" Moskva, IPA: [fʊdˈbolʲnɨj ˈklup ləkəmɐˈtʲif mɐˈskva]) is a Russian professional football club based in Moscow. Lokomotiv have won the Russian Premier League on three occasions; the Soviet Cup twice; and the Russian Cup a record nine times. After the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the European Club Association suspended all Russian teams from participation in international competition.