hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mynach Falls
Mynach Falls (Welsh: Rhaeadr Mynach) is a waterfall near Aberystwyth in the county of Ceredigion, Wales.

It occurs where the River Mynach drops 90 metres (300 ft) in 5 steps down a steep and narrow ravine before it meets the River Rheidol.

The area is famous for the Devil's Bridge (Welsh: Pontarfynach - Bridge Over the Mynach River), a series of three arch bridges that span the river, one above the other. The area near the waterfall is the terminus of the Vale of Rheidol Railway.

Vale of Rheidol Railway
The Vale of Rheidol Railway (Welsh: Rheilffordd Cwm Rheidol) is a 1 ft 11+3⁄4 in (603 mm) narrow gauge heritage railway in Ceredigion, Wales, between Aberystwyth and Devil's Bridge; a journey of 11+3⁄4 miles (18.9 km).

It opened in 1902 and, from the withdrawal of main line steam on British Rail in 1968 until privatisation in 1989, it was the sole steam-operated line on the 1948 nationalised British Rail network. It was one of the first parts of British Rail to be privatised. Unlike most other preserved railways in the United Kingdom, the Vale of Rheidol Railway did not have a period of closure between its being part of the national rail system and becoming a heritage railway, and so has operated a continuous service for residents and tourists.
Stephen A. Bean Municipal Airport
Stephen A. Bean Municipal Airport (FAA LID: 8B0) is a town owned, public use airport located two nautical miles (4 km) northwest of the central business district of Rangeley, a town in Franklin County, Maine, United States. It is included in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015, which categorized it as a general aviation facility.

Franklin County, Maine
Franklin County is a county located in the state of Maine, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 29,456, making it the second-least populous county in Maine. Its county seat is Farmington. The county was established on May 9, 1838, and named for Benjamin Franklin.
Japanese ship Awaji
Two ships of the Japanese Navy have been named Awaji:

Japanese escort ship Awaji, a Mikura-class escort ship launched in 1943 and sunk in 1944

JS Awaji (MSO-304), an Awaji-class minesweeper launched in 2015

Ocean escort
Ocean escort was a type of warship used by the United States Navy. They were an evolution of the destroyer escort types used during World War II. The ocean escorts were intended as convoy escorts and were designed for mobilization production in wartime or low-cost mass production in peacetime. They were commissioned from 1954 through 1974, serving in the Cold War and the Vietnam War.
Nicaragua–United States relations
Friendly bilateral relations now exist between Nicaragua and the United States. However, in the 19th and 20th centuries, tensions were high and American intervention was frequent. In the 1980s, due to Red Scare paranoia and an attempt to put down socialism in the region,  the U.S proceeded to wage an undeclared war against the left-wing Sandinista movement by funding the Contra groups until it was defeated in the election in 1990.

1990 Nicaraguan general election
General elections were held in Nicaragua on 25 February 1990 to elect the President and the members of the National Assembly. The result was a victory for the National Opposition Union (UNO), whose presidential candidate Violeta Chamorro surprisingly defeated incumbent president Daniel Ortega of the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN).
St James' Chapel, Lindsey
St James' Chapel is a 13th-century chapel located near the village of Lindsey, Suffolk, which served as a chantry chapel for nearby Lindsey castle. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade I listed building and scheduled monument.

Chantry
A chantry is an ecclesiastical term that may have either of two related meanings:

a chantry service, a set of Christian liturgical celebrations for the dead (made up of the Requiem Mass and the Office of the Dead), or

a chantry chapel, a building on private land, or an area in a parish church or cathedral reserved for the performance of these celebrations.

In the Medieval Era through to the Age of Enlightenment it was commonly believed such liturgies might help atone for misdeeds and assist the soul to obtain eternal peace.
The More the Merrier
The More the Merrier is a 1943 American romantic comedy film produced and directed by George Stevens, and starring Jean Arthur, Joel McCrea, and Charles Coburn. The film's script—from Two's a Crowd, an original screenplay by Garson Kanin (uncredited)—was written by Robert Russell, Frank Ross, Richard Flournoy, and Lewis R. Foster. Set in Washington, D.C., the film presents a comic look at the housing shortage during World War II.

The film received six nominations at the 16th Academy Awards, among them Best Picture, Best Director for Stevens, Best Actress for Arthur, Best Writing (Original Motion Picture Story), and Best Writing (Screenplay). Coburn won Best Supporting Actor.

The film was remade in 1966 as Walk, Don't Run, starring Cary Grant, Samantha Eggar, and Jim Hutton. The setting was changed to Tokyo, which had experienced housing shortages due to the 1964 Summer Olympics.

Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay
The Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay is the Academy Award for the best screenplay adapted from previously established material. The most frequently adapted media are novels, but other adapted narrative formats include stage plays, musicals, short stories, TV series, and other films and film characters. All sequels are also considered adaptations by this standard, being based on the story and characters of the original film.

Prior to its current name, the award was known as the Academy Award for Best Screenplay Based On Material From Another Medium. The Best Adapted Screenplay category has been a part of the Academy Awards since their inception.
Landing Zone Liz
Landing Zone (LZ) Liz was a forward support base for the US Marines and later for the US Army during the Vietnam War.

LZ Liz was located in Quang Ngai Province, I Corps, south of Da Nang and Chu Lai, west of Highway 1, north of LZ Bronco and Đức Phổ. It was on the Duc Pho and Mo Duc borders, just south of the 515 Highway, that ran from the South China Sea (Highway 1) west to Ba To. LZ Liz consisted of two small hills with a saddle running in between.  The saddle was occupied by the artillery. Liz was connected to Highway 1 by an access road that was about 3/4 of a mile in length.

Đức Phổ
Đức Phổ (listenⓘ) is a district-level town (thị xã) of Quảng Ngãi province in the South Central Coast region of Vietnam. As of 2019, the town had a population of 150,927. The town covers an area of 372.76 km2. The town capital lies at Nguyễn Nghiêm ward.
Gareth Davies (English politician)
Gareth Mark Davies (born 31 March 1984) is a British politician who has served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Grantham and Bourne, previously Grantham and Stamford, since 2019. A member of the Conservative Party, he was the Exchequer Secretary to the Treasury from April 2023 to July 2024. He has been the Shadow Financial Secretary to the Treasury since November 2024.

Davies is a Senior Fellow at the Harvard Kennedy School’s Mossavar-Rahmani Center for Business and Government, focusing on the intersection of public policy and global investment.

Mossavar-Rahmani Center for Business and Government
The Mossavar-Rahmani Center for Business and Government (M-RCBG) is a research center at Harvard University, located at the John F. Kennedy School of Government (The Kennedy School). The Center is presently under the leadership of Lawrence H. Summers,
Weil Director, Mossavar-Rahmani Center for Business and Government, and Charles W. Eliot University Professor and John A. Haigh, Co-Director, Mossavar-Rahmani Center for Business and Government, and Lecturer in Public Policy, Harvard Kennedy School.
Herrmann's catalyst
Herrmann's catalyst is an organopalladium compound that is a popular catalyst for the Heck reaction. It is a yellow air-stable solid that is soluble in organic solvents. Under conditions for catalysis, the acetate group is lost and the Pd-C bond undergoes protonolysis, giving rise to a source of "PdP(o-tol)3".

Heck reaction
The Heck reaction (also called the Mizoroki–Heck reaction) is the chemical reaction of an unsaturated halide (or triflate) with an alkene in the presence of a base and a palladium catalyst  to form a substituted alkene. It is named after Tsutomu Mizoroki and Richard F. Heck. Heck was awarded the 2010 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, which he shared with Ei-ichi Negishi and Akira Suzuki, for the discovery and development of this reaction. This reaction was the first example of a carbon-carbon bond-forming reaction that followed a Pd(0)/Pd(II) catalytic cycle, the same catalytic cycle that is seen in other Pd(0)-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. The Heck reaction is a way to substitute alkenes.
William John Cullen
William John Cullen (7 December 1894 – 28 June 1960) was an Irish rugby international. He won one cap against England in 1920. Cullen also played first-class cricket while in British India, playing eight first-class matches for the Europeans cricket team and a combined Europeans and Parsees cricket team. He scored a total of 376 runs in his eight matches, at an average of 31.33 and a high score of 120, which came for the Europeans against the Muslims in the final of the 1927/28 Bombay Quadrangular. Cullen died in England in June 1960 at Hemingford Grey, Huntingdonshire.

Bombay Tournament (cricket)
The Bombay Tournament was an annual cricket competition held in British India between 1892 and 1946. Until 1936, matches were played on either the Gymkhana Ground in Bombay or the Deccan Gymkhana Ground in Poona, and then at the Brabourne Stadium in Bombay until the tournament was terminated in 1946. The tournament was known variously as the Bombay Presidency Match, Bombay Triangular, Bombay Quadrangular, and Bombay Pentangular, depending on the number of competing teams.
Hatsuiku Status: Gokiritsu Japon
"Hatsuiku Status Gokiritsu Japon (発育ステータス 御起立ジャポン, Growth Status - Stand Up Japan)" is the secret rock bar tour which Ringo Sheena performed in a band in 2000, or is the live video with the same title as this tour by Sheena released on December 7, 2000. 
This video was released with the video of "Gekokujou Xstasy (下剋上エクスタシー, Usurpation Ecstasy)".
The distributor is Toshiba EMI.

Distributor
A distributor  is an electric and mechanical device used in the ignition system of older spark-ignition engines. The distributor's main function is to route electricity from the ignition coil to each spark plug at the correct time.
The Valley (2017 film)
The Valley is a 2017 American drama film written and directed by Saila Kariat and starring Alyy Khan, Suchitra Pillai, Jake T. Austin, Samina Peerzada, Barry Corbin, Christa B. Allen, Agneeta Thacker and Salma Khan. The plot follows a distraught father as he searches for answers after his college-age daughter's suicide. The film was released on March 2, 2018.

Jake T. Austin
Jake Toranzo Austin Szymanski (born December 3, 1994) is an American actor. Beginning his career as a child actor at the age of seven, Austin is best known for his role as Max Russo on the Disney Channel series Wizards of Waverly Place, and as the original voice of Diego on the Nickelodeon animated series Go, Diego, Go!. Austin was also the original actor who portrayed Jesus Foster on the ABC Family family/teen drama series The Fosters. His feature film credits include co-starring roles in Hotel for Dogs, New Year's Eve, Rio  and The Emoji Movie.
Victor Hugo (Australian footballer)
Victor Hugo (born 5 November 1953) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with South Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

Hugo, at the age of 26, appeared in the opening two rounds of the 1980 VFL season, as a centre half-back, after he  kicked 11 goals in Narrandera's 1979 South West Football League (New South Wales) grand final win over Ariah Park Mirrool. Both games were won by South Melbourne, over Geelong at Kardinia Park and then Footscray at Lake Oval.

A Narrandera recruit, Hugo performed well enough to continue in the South Melbourne team, but opted to return home to the country.

He was the Riverina Football League leading goal-kicker in 1985.

Riverina Football Netball League
The Riverina Football Netball League (RFNL) is an Australian rules football and netball competition containing nine clubs based in the Riverina region of New South Wales, Australia. The league features three grades in the Australian rules football competition, with these being First-Grade, Reserve-Grade and Under 17s. In the netball competition, there are five grades, with these being A-Grade, A Reserve-Grade, B-Grade, C-Grade and Under 17s. Governed by AFL Riverina, the league is the only major country league in New South Wales, and was formerly a VFL recruiting zone for South Melbourne from 1968 to 1986.

Currently a home and away season consisting of eighteen rounds is played. The best five teams then play off according to the McIntyre system, culminating in the RFNL Grand Final, which is traditionally hosted by Narrandera.
Duan Prefecture
Duanzhou or Duan Prefecture was a zhou (prefecture) in imperial China in modern Guangdong, China, centering on modern Zhaoqing. Duan Prefecture was a major production center of inkstones.

The modern Duanzhou District in Zhaoqing is named after the prefecture.

Zhou (administrative division)
Zhou (Chinese: 州; pinyin: zhōu; lit. 'land') were historical administrative and political divisions of China. Formally established during the Han dynasty, zhou existed continuously for over 2000 years until the 1912 establishment of the Republic of China. Zhou were also once used in Korea (주, ju), Vietnam (Vietnamese: châu) and Japan (Hepburn: shū).
Allium jacquemontii
Allium jacquemontii is a plant species native to India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Xizang (Tibet) and Xinjiang. It grows high in the mountains at elevations of 4,000–4,500 metres (13,100–14,800 ft).

Allium jacquemontii forms solitary egg-shaped bulbs about 10 millimetres (0.39 in) across. Scapes are up to 40 centimetres (16 in) tall. Umbel forms a hemisphere of many densely packed red or purple flowers.

Umbel
In botany, an umbel is an inflorescence that consists of a number of short flower stalks (called pedicels) that spread from a common point, somewhat like umbrella ribs. The word was coined in botanical usage in the 1590s, from Latin umbella "parasol, sunshade". The arrangement can vary from being flat-topped to almost spherical. Umbels can be simple or compound. The secondary umbels of compound umbels are known as umbellules or umbellets. A small umbel is called an umbellule. The arrangement of the inflorescence in umbels is referred to as umbellate, or occasionally subumbellate (almost umbellate).

Umbels are a characteristic of plants such as carrot, parsley, dill, and fennel in the family Apiaceae; ivy, Aralia and Fatsia in the family Araliaceae; and onion (Allium) in the family Alliaceae.

An umbel is a type of indeterminate inflorescence.
A compressed cyme, which is a determinate inflorescence, is called umbelliform if it resembles an umbel.
Russian School of Mathematics
The Russian School of Mathematics (RSM) is an after-school program based in North America that provides mathematics education to children attending K–12 public and private schools. The school provides children with the opportunity to advance in mathematics beyond the traditional school curriculum. There are over 85 locations for Russian School of Mathematics. The founder of RSM is Inessa Rifkin and the co-founder is Irina Khavinson.

The focus of RSM is primary school mathematics. The high school level classes offer preparation for standardized tests such as the SAT, SAT II, and AP exams. Each class usually involves intensive reinforcement of topics using many examples and exercises. Accompanied by classwork, all students are given homework to reinforce what they have learned.

Homework
Homework is a set of tasks assigned to students by their teachers to be completed at home. Common homework assignments may include required reading, a writing or typing project, math problems to be completed, information to be reviewed before a test, or other skills to be practiced.

The effects of homework are debated. Generally speaking, homework does not improve academic performance among young children. Homework may improve academic skills among older students, especially lower-achieving students. However, homework also creates stress for students and parents, and reduces the amount of time that students can spend in other activities.
Rosy Varte
Rosy Varte (22 November 1923 – 14 January 2012) was a French actress of Armenian descent. She made more than 100 film and television appearances during her career.

She starred in the 1972 film The Bar at the Crossing, which was entered into the 22nd Berlin International Film Festival. She was a voice actress in the cartoon Western movies, Daisy Town (1971, as "Lulu Carabine") and La Ballade des Dalton (1978, as "Miss Worthlesspenny").

La Ballade des Dalton
Lucky Luke : La Ballade des Dalton (aka Lucky Luke: The Ballad of the Daltons in English) is a 1978 French animated film written and directed by René Goscinny, Morris, Henri Gruel and Pierre Watrin starring the comic book character Lucky Luke. Two different adaptations of the film in book form were both published in French in 1978. The first, adapted by Guy Vidal, was in text form rather than comic strip, and was accompanied by images from the film. The second was a comic strip adaptation by an uncredited Pascal Dabère and formed part of the book, La Ballade des Dalton et autres histoires (The Ballad of the Daltons and Other Stories).
Project Runway Australia
Project Runway Australia is a reality television show based on the American program Project Runway, wherein fashion designers residing in Australia compete by making specific garments for weekly challenges.  The show features Megan Gale as the host, and Peter Morrissey and Claudia Navone as judges. Alex Perry acts as a mentor to the contestants, as Tim Gunn does in the American version. Production began in May 2008, and the show premiered on Arena 8.30 p.m. (AEST) Monday 7 July 2008. The show ended after 4 seasons, with the final season airing on 17 December 2012.

The prizes for the winner of Project Runway Australia included what is described as "$100,000 opportunity" to create their own fashion line to show in Melbourne Fashion Week, a new car, the model of which changes throughout the seasons, and having their clothes displayed in a six-page spread in the now defunct Madison magazine.

Tim Gunn
Timothy MacKenzie Gunn (born July 29, 1953) is an American author, academic, and television personality. He served on the faculty of Parsons School of Design in Greenwich Village, New York from 1982 to 2007 and was chair of fashion design at the school from August 2000 to March 2007, after which he joined Liz Claiborne (now Kate Spade & Company) as its chief creative officer. Over 16 seasons, Gunn became well known as the on-air mentor to designers on the reality television program Project Runway. Gunn's popularity on Project Runway led to two spin-off shows; Bravo's Tim Gunn's Guide to Style and Lifetime's Under the Gunn. He has written five books. In addition to being an executive producer, Gunn has been a mentor for teen designers on Project Runway: Junior. He also provides the voice of Baileywick, the castle steward in the Disney Jr. television show Sofia the First, and narrated the sitcom Mixology.
Biruchiy contemporary art project
The Biruchiy contemporary art project (Ukrainian: Міжнародний симпозіум сучасного мистецтва «Бірючий» [miʒnɐˈrɔdnɪj sɪmˈpɔz⁽ʲ⁾iʊm sʊˈtʃɑsnoɦo mɪsˈtɛtstwɐ biˈrutʃɪj]) is a leading residence of contemporary art in Ukraine. It was founded in 2006 by the Association of Contemporary Art Researchers. The project is held annually in May and September on the Byriuchyi Island, located in the Sea of Azov.

Since 2016, offsite residences have been operating in other European countries (Poland, 2016–2017, 2023–2024; Montenegro, 2019; France, 2024). 17 seasons of Biruchiy contemporary art project were attended by 260 artists and 14 art groups from 22 countries. A part of participants goes to Italy (2014–2017), United States (2017–2018).

Cetinje
Cetinje (Montenegrin Cyrillic: Цетиње, pronounced [t͡sětiɲe]) is a town in Montenegro. It is the former royal capital (Montenegrin: prijestonica / приjестоница) of Montenegro and is the location of several national institutions, including the official residence of the president of Montenegro.

According to the 2023 census, the town had a population of 12,460 while the Cetinje Municipality had 14,465 residents. Cetinje is the centre of Cetinje Municipality. The city rests on a small karst plain surrounded by limestone mountains, including Mount Lovćen, the legendary mountain in Montenegrin historiography. Cetinje was founded in the 15th century and became a cradle of the culture of Montenegro. Its status as the honorary capital of Montenegro is due to its heritage as a long-serving former capital of Montenegro.
Changsha dialect
The Changsha dialect (simplified Chinese: 长沙话; traditional Chinese: 長沙話; pinyin: Chángshāhuà; IPA: [tsã˩˧sɔ˧ɣo˨˩]) is a dialect of New Xiang Chinese. It is spoken predominantly in Changsha, the capital of Hunan province, China. It is not mutually intelligible with Standard Mandarin, the official language of China.

Aspirated consonant
In phonetics, aspiration is a strong burst of breath that accompanies either the release or, in the case of preaspiration, the closure of some obstruents. In English, aspirated consonants are allophones in complementary distribution with their unaspirated counterparts, but in some other languages, notably most North American languages, South Asian languages  and East Asian languages, the difference is contrastive.
Bestuzhev (surname)
Bestuzhev (Russian: Бecтужeв), or Bestuzheva (feminine; Бecтужeвa) is a Russian surname.  The Bestuzhev noble family was from the medieval Novgorod Republic and descended from boyars.

Notable people with the surname include:

Pyotr Bestuzhev-Ryumin (1664–1742), Russian statesman

Mikhail Petrovich Bestuzhev-Ryumin (1688–1760), Russian diplomat

Alexey Bestuzhev-Ryumin (1693–1766), Russian diplomat

Alexander Fedoseyevich Bestuzhev (1761–1810), Russian writer and state councilor

Alexander's sons (all members of the Decembrist revolt):
Nikolay Bestuzhev (1791–1855), Russian writer and portrait painter
Alexander Bestuzhev (1797–1837), Russian writer
Mikhail Bestuzhev (writer) (1800–1871), Russian writer
Pyotr Bestuzhev (officer) (1804–1840), Russian officer and memoirist
Pavel Bestuzhev (1808–1846), Russian officer

Mikhail Bestuzhev-Ryumin (1801–1826), Russian officer

Konstantin Bestuzhev-Ryumin (1829–1897), Russian historian

Alexey Bestuzhev-Ryumin
Count Alexey Petrovich Bestuzhev-Ryumin (Russian: Алексей Петрович Бестужев-Рюмин; 1 June 1693 – 21 April 1766) was a Russian diplomat and chancellor. He was one of the most influential and successful diplomats in 18th-century Europe. As the chancellor of the Russian Empire, was chiefly responsible for Russian foreign policy during the reign of Empress Elizaveta Petrovna.