hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Propylene glycol alginate
Propylene glycol alginate (PGA) is an  emulsifier,  stabilizer, and  thickener used in food products. It is a food additive with E number E405.  Chemically, propylene glycol alginate is an ester of alginic acid, which is derived from kelp.   Some of the carboxyl groups are esterified with propylene glycol, some are neutralized with an appropriate alkali, and some remain free.

Carboxylic acid
In organic chemistry, a carboxylic acid is an organic acid that contains a carboxyl group (−C(=O)−OH) attached to an R-group. The general formula of a carboxylic acid is often written as R−COOH or R−CO2H, sometimes as R−C(O)OH with R referring to an organyl group (e.g., alkyl, alkenyl, aryl), or hydrogen, or other groups. Carboxylic acids occur widely. Important examples include the amino acids and fatty acids. Deprotonation of a carboxylic acid gives a carboxylate anion.
2015 Suzhou Ladies Open
The 2015 Suzhou Ladies Open was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the fourth edition of the tournament and part of the 2015 ITF Women's Circuit, offering a total of $50,000 in prize money. It took place in Suzhou, China, on 19–25 October 2015.

Zhang Kailin
Zhang Kailin (Chinese: 张恺琳; pinyin: Zhāng Kǎilín; Mandarin pronunciation: [ʈʂáŋ kʰàɪ lǐn]; born 28 January 1990) is a former tennis player from China.

Zhang has won one doubles title on WTA 125 tournaments along five singles and 15 doubles titles on the ITF Circuit. On 12 September 2016, she reached her best singles ranking of world No. 103. On 20 June 2016, she peaked at No. 85 in the doubles rankings.

Partnering Han Xinyun, Zhang won her first $50k tournament in April 2014 at the ITF event in Anning, defeating Varatchaya Wongteanchai and Zhang Ling in the final. Three months later, again on the side of Han, Zhang won her second $50k title in Wuhan.
The Bishop Blaize
The Bishop Blaize is a pub in Stretford, Greater Manchester, England. It plays an important part in the fan culture of Manchester United F.C. being the closest pub to Old Trafford. It is operated by Wetherspoons. It is the gathering point for the 'most passionate supporters' in the hours before a game. It has also been described as having 'unique charm'.

Wetherspoons
J D Wetherspoon plc (branded variously as Wetherspoon or Wetherspoons, and colloquially known as Spoons) is a British pub company operating in the United Kingdom, the Isle of Man, the Republic of Ireland and from January 2026, Spain.

The company was founded in 1979 by Sir Tim Martin and is based in Watford, England. It operates the sub-brand of Lloyds No.1 bars, and 56 Wetherspoon hotels. Wetherspoon is known for converting unconventional premises, such as former cinemas and banks, into pubs – part of its wider engagement with local history. The company is publicly listed on the London Stock Exchange (LSE) and is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index.
Plinio Prieto
Plinio Prieto Ruiz (21 June 1923 – 13 October 1960) was a Cuban revolutionary, captain in the revolutionary army, and a participant in the overthrow of Fulgencio Batista as well as the Escambray rebellion. He was one of the organizers of the Second National Front of the Escambray. After the success of the Cuban Revolution, he opposed Fidel Castro's dictatorship and joined the armed rebel movement, where he was captured, sentenced to death, and executed.

Cuban Revolutionary Army
The Cuban Revolutionary Army (Spanish: Ejército Revolucionario) serve as the ground forces of Cuba. Formed in 1868 during the Ten Years' War, it was originally known as the Cuban Constitutional Army. Following the Cuban Revolution, the revolutionary military forces was reconstituted as the national army of Cuba by Fidel Castro in 1960. The army is a part of the Cuban Revolutionary Armed Forces which was founded around that time.
Tennis at the 2014 South American Games – Mixed doubles
The mixed doubles tennis tournament at the 2014 South American Games in Santiago was held from 12 to 15 March on the clay courts of the Estadio Nacional Julio Martínez Prádanos in Ñuñoa.

Tie-breaks were used for the first two sets of each match, which was the best of three sets. If the score was tied at one set all, a 'super tie-break' (the first pairing to win at least 10 points by a margin of two points) would be used.

Venezuelans Adriana Pérez and David Souto defeated Chileans Camila Silva and Nicolás Jarry 7–5, 7–5 in the final to claim the second gold medal for Venezuela in the tennis competition.

2014 South American Games
The 2014 South American Games was a multi-sport event that took place in Santiago, Chile. It was the 10th edition of the ODESUR South American Games. Santiago hosted this event for the second time, the first being in 1986. Most of the events took place in and around the National Stadium. The games were held between March 7 to 18.
Uploders
Uploders is a small village in Dorset, England. It consists mainly of houses, and has a pub, the Crown, a Grade II listed Methodist chapel  and a playing field. The River Asker runs through the village. It is a linear village, surrounding the minor road between Bridport and Askerswell. It is around 0.5 miles (0.80 km) from Loders, and around 3 miles (4.8 km) from Bridport, the nearest town. The A35 trunk road also passes by around 0.5 miles (0.80 km) south of the village.

There are several places of interest to visit, such as the market town of Bridport, the harbour at West Bay, the beaches along the Jurassic Coast, Burton Bradstock and West Bay being the nearest, and the Iron Age hill fort of Eggardon Hill Which is about 2 miles (3.2 km) To the east.

A35 road
The A35 is a major road in southern England, connecting Honiton in Devon and Southampton in Hampshire. It is a trunk road for some of its length. Most of its route passes through Dorset and the New Forest. It originally connected Exeter and Southampton, the original A35 ran along what is now the A3052 joining the present road at Charmouth.
Naturalis Biodiversity Center
Naturalis Biodiversity Center (Dutch: Nederlands Centrum voor Biodiversiteit Naturalis) is a national museum of natural history and a research center on biodiversity in Leiden, Netherlands. It was named the European Museum of the Year 2021.
Although its current name and organization are relatively recent, the history of Naturalis can be traced back to the early 1800s. Its collection includes approximately 42 million specimens, making it one of the largest natural history collections in the world.

Research institute
A research institute, research centre, or research organization is an establishment founded for doing research. Research institutes may specialize in basic research or may be oriented to applied research. Although the term often implies natural science research, there are also many research institutes in the social science as well, especially for sociological and historical research purposes.
Miskolc Subregion
The Miskolc Subregion (Hungarian: Miskolci kistérség) is a subregion in Northern Hungary. Its area is 1058 km². With a population of 267,582 (2009) it is the second most populated subregion in Hungary and the most populated in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county. Its centre and largest city is Miskolc; there are five other towns – Sajószentpéter, Felsőzsolca, Alsózsolca, Emőd, Nyékládháza – and thirty-four villages belonging to the subregion.

Miskolc
Miskolc (UK: /ˈmiːʃkɒlts/ MEESH-kolts, US: /ˈmɪʃkoʊlts/ MISH-kohlts; Hungarian: [ˈmiʃkolt͡s] ⓘ; Czech and Slovak: Miškovec; German: Mischkolz; Yiddish: Mishkoltz; Romanian: Mișcolț) is a city in northeastern Hungary, known for its heavy industry. With a population of 143,502 as of 2024, Miskolc is the fourth largest city in Hungary, behind Budapest, Debrecen, and Szeged. It is also the county capital of Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén and the regional centre of Northern Hungary.
Dombivli railway station
Dombivli Railway Station, which serves the City of Dombivli, is the all time busiest railway station on the Central line of the Mumbai Suburban Railway network. It consists of five platforms. Both fast and slow local trains halt here, however, no express/long-distance trains halt here.

Platforms 1 and 2 serve slow locals, platform 3 serves slow and as well as semi-fast locals, while platforms 4 and 5, exclusively serve fast locals.

Central Railway zone
The Central Railway (abbreviated CR) is one of the 17 zones of Indian Railways. Its headquarters are located at Mumbai. It has the distinction of operating the first passenger railway line in India, which opened from Mumbai to Thane on 16 April 1853 (1853-04-16).
Henri Decoin
Henri Decoin (18 March 1890 – 4 July 1969) was a French film director and screenwriter, who directed more than 50 films between 1933 and 1964. He was also a swimmer who won the national title in 1911 and held the national record in the 500 m freestyle. He competed in the 400 m freestyle at the 1908 Summer Olympics and in the water polo tournament at the 1912 Summer Olympics.

Water polo at the 1912 Summer Olympics
The 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm saw the fourth water polo tournament at Olympics. All games took place in the newly built swimming stadium in Djurgårdsbrunnsviken from 7 to 16 July 1912. All medals were decided by using the Bergvall system.
Rai Gr Parlamento
Rai Gr Parlamento is an Italian radio channel devoted to live coverage of proceedings in the Italian Parliament (Chamber of Deputies and Senate), the Presidency of the Italian Republic, the European Parliament, and Regional and some Communal Councils. It was launched in 1998 by RAI and the Italian Ministry of Communications.

Transmissions are on FM, DAB, Hot Bird frequencies, and via RealMedia live audio streaming.

When there is no political or info programming, from 21:00 till 07:00 hrs, Rai GR Parlamento delays Rai Radio Tutto Italiana with Italian music.

Regional council (Italy)
A regional council (Consiglio regionale) in Italy is the elected legislative assembly of a region of Italy. In Emilia-Romagna and Sicily, the legislative bodies are called the Legislative Assembly of Emilia-Romagna and the Sicilian Regional Assembly, officially nicknamed as Sicilian Parliament, respectively.
Gunnedah Shire
Gunnedah Shire is a local government area in the North West Slopes region of New South Wales, Australia.  The Shire is located adjacent to the Liverpool Plains in the Namoi River valley and is traversed by the Oxley Highway and the Kamilaroi Highway.

The Shire was established in 1980 from the amalgamation of the Municipality of Gunnedah and Liverpool Plains Shire. It includes the town of Gunnedah and surrounding villages of Curlewis, Breeza, Carroll, Mullaley, Emerald Hill, Tambar Springs and Kelvin.

The mayor of Gunnedah is councillor Colleen Fuller, an Independent.

Liverpool Plains
The Liverpool Plains are an extensive agricultural area covering about 12,000 km2 (4,600 sq mi) of the north-western slopes of New South Wales in Australia.

These plains are a region of prime agricultural land bounded to the east by the Great Dividing Range, to the south by the Liverpool Range and on the west by the Warrumbungle Range. The area is drained by the Namoi River and its tributaries, the Mooki River and the Peel River. There are many depressions, across the plains, which remain as lakes for long periods after heavy rain. These plains are unusual in that many steep hills arise suddenly from the plains.

Towns in the Liverpool Plains include Gunnedah, Narrabri, Quirindi, Werris Creek and Tamworth. Smaller villages include Breeza, Carroll, Mullaley and Willow Tree.

Most of the region nowadays comes under the jurisdiction of Liverpool Plains Shire Council. However substantial parts of the region also form part of the Gunnedah and Tamworth local government areas.
Sherman Denison
Sherman Denison (June 17, 1769 – 1853) was a political figure in Nova Scotia. He represented the town of Horton in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1820 to 1826.

He was born in Horton, Nova Scotia, the son of David Sherman Denison and Sarah Fox. Denison was a colonel in the militia. In 1792, he married Nancy Crane, the daughter of Jonathan Crane. Denison was elected to the provincial assembly in an 1820 by-election held after his father-in-law's death. He also served as a justice of the peace.

Denison came from a political family, and his grandfather, Robert Denison, was a leader of the New England Planters who settled Nova Scotia and later represented King's County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1761 to 1764.

New England Planters
The New England Planters were settlers from the New England colonies who responded to invitations by the lieutenant governor (and subsequently governor) of Nova Scotia, Charles Lawrence, to settle lands left vacant by the Bay of Fundy Campaign (1755) of the Acadian Expulsion.
Comhaltan mac Maol Cúlaird
Comhaltan mac Maol Cúlaird, Irish dynast, fl. 10th century.

Comhaltan was a member of the Uí Fiachrach Aidhne dynasty of south County Galway, and was the ancestor of the Uí Comhaltan, (Colton/Coulton), a minor surname in the south Connacht-north Munster area.

He was the father of Giolla Ceallaigh mac Comhaltan, and a kinsman to Seachnasach mac Donnchadh, Scannlán mac Fearghal, Eidhean mac Cléireach, and Cathal mac Ógán, who gave their names to the families of O'Shaughnessy, Ó Scannláin, Ó Cléirigh, Ó hEidhin/Hynes and Ó Cathail/Cahill.

Ó Cléirigh
O'Cleary or O'Clery (Irish: Ó Cléirigh) is the surname of a Gaelic Irish family. It is one of the oldest recorded surnames in Europe Ó Cléirigh is Anglicized as Cleary (surname) and often Anglicized as Clark.
Arteriosclerosis obliterans
Arteriosclerosis obliterans is an occlusive arterial disease most prominently affecting the abdominal aorta and the small- and medium-sized arteries of the lower extremities, which may lead to absent dorsalis pedis, posterior tibial, and/or popliteal artery pulses.: 842

It is characterized by fibrosis of the tunica intima and calcification of the tunica media.

Artery
An artery (from Greek  ἀρτηρία (artēríā)) is a blood vessel in humans and most other animals that takes oxygenated blood away from the heart in the systemic circulation to one or more parts of the body. Exceptions that carry deoxygenated blood are the pulmonary arteries in the pulmonary circulation that carry blood to the lungs for oxygenation, and the umbilical arteries in the fetal circulation that carry deoxygenated blood to the placenta. It consists of a multi-layered artery wall wrapped into a tube-shaped channel.

Arteries contrast with veins, which carry deoxygenated blood back towards the heart; or in the pulmonary and fetal circulations carry oxygenated blood to the lungs and fetus respectively.
Emelie Forsberg
Emelie Tina Forsberg (born 11 December 1986) is a Swedish athlete specializing in trail running (skyrunning, mountain running) and ski mountaineering. She has won repeated victories in different disciplines, including European and World Championships.

Mountain running
Mountain running is a sports discipline which takes place mainly off-road in mountainous terrain, but if there is significant elevation gain on the route, surfaced roads may be used. In this it differs from fell running; its courses are more clearly marked and avoid dangerous sections. It is a form of trail running if it is run on unpaved surfaces. Mountain running is a combination of running, jogging, and walking, depending on how steep the trail is.

It is recognized by World Athletics and governed by the World Mountain Running Association, which has been organising world championships since 1985.
Chaminade University of Honolulu
Chaminade University of Honolulu is a private Marianist university in Honolulu, Hawaii, United States. Founded in 1955 by the Society of Mary, Chaminade is located in Kaimuki, Honolulu at the base of St. Louis Heights. Chaminade offers bachelor's degrees in 23 fields of study and 5 master's degree programs. Chaminade University is accredited by the WASC Senior College and University Commission.

Western Association of Schools and Colleges
The Western Association of Schools and Colleges (WASC (/wɒsk/ WOSK)) provided accreditation of public and private universities, colleges, secondary and elementary schools in California and Hawaii, the territories of Guam, American Samoa and Northern Marianas Islands, in addition to the Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Palau, the Pacific Rim, Peru, Czech Republic, Armenia, and East Asia.

Until 2012, WASC was a single organization with three units. In 2012, it separated into three organizations that share the WASC acronym:

The Accrediting Commission for Schools (ACS WASC)

The Accrediting Commission for Community and Junior Colleges (ACCJC)

The Senior College and University Commission (WSCUC)
Black Widow (opera)
Black Widow is an opera in three acts by Thomas Pasatieri with an English libretto also by the composer. The libretto is based on Miguel de Unamuno's Dos madres. The opera premiered on March 2, 1972 with Seattle Opera. Lotfi Mansouri was the director. Other notable productions include Lake George Opera in 1972 and the Atlanta Civic Opera Association in 1981. The score was published by Belwin-Mills Publishing Corp. in 1977.

Miguel de Unamuno
Miguel de Unamuno y Jugo (/uːnəˈmuːnoʊ/; Spanish: [miˈɣ̞el de̞ unaˈmuno i ˈxuɣ̞o]; 29 September 1864 – 31 December 1936) was a Spanish essayist, novelist, poet, playwright, philosopher and academic. His major philosophical essay was Tragic Sense of Life (1913), and his most famous novels were Abel Sánchez: The History of a Passion (1917), a modern exploration of the Cain and Abel story, and Mist (1914), which The Literary Encyclopedia calls "the most acclaimed Spanish Modernist novel".
Ṭe
Ṭe is a letter of the extended Arabic alphabet, derived from te (ت) by replacing the dots with a small t̤oʾe (ط; historically four dots in a square pattern, e.g. ٿ). It is not used in the Arabic alphabet itself, but is used to represent an voiceless retroflex plosive [ʈ] in Urdu, Punjabi written in the Shahmukhi script, and Kashmiri as well as Balochi. The small t̤oʾe diacritic is used to indicate a retroflex consonant in Urdu. It is the fifth letter of the Urdu alphabet. Its Abjad value is considered to be 400. In Urdu, this letter may also be called tā-ye-musaqqalā ("heavy te") or tā-ye-hindiyā ("Indian te"). In Devanagari, this consonant is rendered using ‘ट’.

Retroflex consonant
A retroflex (/ˈrɛtrəflɛks, -roʊ-/ ⓘ) consonant is a coronal consonant where the tongue has a flat, concave, or even curled shape, and is articulated between the alveolar ridge and the hard palate. They are sometimes referred to as cerebral consonants—especially in Indology. Other terms are domal and cacuminal (/kəˈkjuːmɪnəl/ ⓘ), though in rare cases either word can mean palatal consonants more broadly.

The Latin-derived word retroflex means "bent back"; some retroflex consonants are pronounced with the tongue fully curled back so that articulation involves the underside of the tongue tip (subapical). These sounds are sometimes described as "true" retroflex consonants. However, retroflexes are commonly taken to include other consonants having a similar place of articulation without such extreme curling of the tongue; these may be articulated with the tongue tip (apical) or the tongue blade (laminal). When apical, they have been called apico-domal or apico-palatal consonants.
Dewdney-Alouette Regional District
The Dewdney-Alouette Regional District was a regional district in the Lower Mainland of British Columbia, Canada, comprising the district municipalities of Pitt Meadows, Maple Ridge and Mission and unincorporated areas east to the Harrison River and north to the southern end of Lillooet Lake. The regional district was partitioned when the Greater Vancouver Regional District (branded Metro Vancouver) was expanded in 1995 to take in Pitt Meadows and Maple Ridge; the regional district's eastern half was combined with the former Central Fraser Valley Regional District and the Regional District of Fraser-Cheam to form the Fraser Valley Regional District.

Regional district
In the province of British Columbia in Canada, a regional district is an administrative subdivision of the province that consists of a geographic region with specific boundaries and  governmental authority. As of January 2020, there were 27 regional districts in the province. Regional districts should not be confused with counties of British Columbia, which function as court house boundaries solely for the administration of justice.
Hajjiabad, Behabad
Hajjiabad (Persian: حاجي اباد, also Romanized as Ḩājjīābād) is a village in Jolgeh Rural District, in the Central District of Behabad County, Yazd Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 19, in 6 families.

Yazd province
Yazd province (Persian: استان یزد) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran and is in the center of the country. Its capital is the city of Yazd. In 2014, it was placed in Region 5. The province has an area of 76,469 km2.
Caracollo
Caracollo (Hispanicized spelling), Q'araqullu or Q'ara Qullu (Aymara q'ara bald, qullu mountain, "bald mountain") is a small town in Bolivia. It is situated in the Cercado Province of the Oruro Department. In 2010 it had an estimated population of 5,429. Located at the place where the highway from La Paz splits into two roads towards Cochabamba and Oruro, the town is a frequent starting point for long marches intended to influence the Bolivian government.

Cercado Province (Oruro)
Cercado is a province in the northeastern parts of the Bolivian department of Oruro. Its capital is Oruro. The hamlet of Paria, established in 1535, was the first Spanish settlement in Bolivia and previously had been a regional capital of the Inca Empire.  Paria is located in Soracachi municipality.
Hafshuye Mosque
The Hafshuye Mosque (Persian: مسجد جامع هفت شویه), also known as the Jameh Mosque of Haftshuyeh, is a former Shi'ite Friday mosque, in a ruinous condition, located in Haftshuyeh, in the province of Isfahan, Iran.

The mosque was added to the Iran National Heritage List on 6 March 1963, administered by the Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization of Iran.

The mosque was completed in the 11th century, during the Seljukid era, and was renovated, including the addition of the mihrab in the 13th century, during the Ilkhanid era. The structure has been built mainly with adobes, but its façade has been worked with bricks. The main part of the mosque, especially its dome, was destroyed and its wall was damaged.

Iran National Heritage List
Iran National Heritage List is a register of nationally significant monuments, places, buildings, events, etc., officially registered under the National Heritage Preservation Act of 1930. According to Article 1 of this law, "All the industrial monuments and buildings that were built up to the end of the Zand dynasty in the country of Iran, including movable and immovable in accordance with Article 13 of this law, can be considered as national heritage of Iran and under the protection and supervision of the state."

After 25 years, on 1 February 1956, with the registration of the Golestan Palace, the ban on the registration of works related to the Qajar era was practically lifted and subsequently the official list of these monuments was published under the current name.
Khola At Khanqah Sirajia
Khanqah Sirajia  (Urdu: خانٛقاه سِراجيہ), is a Union Council of Mianwali District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. Ding Khola is a village in this union council. It is an administrative subdivision of Piplan Tehsil.

Mianwali District
The Mianwali District (Punjabi: ضِلع مِيانوالى) is a district located in the Sargodha Division of the Punjab province of Pakistan. Mianwali District remained part of Rawalpindi Division until 1963, when Mianwali District became part of Sargodha Division. According to 2023 Pakistani census, population of Mianwali District is 1.79 million.

It has borders with the Talagang, Attock, Kohat, Karak, Lakki Marwat, Dera Ismail Khan, Bhakkar, and Khushab districts.