hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Spiny dogfish
The spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias), spurdog, mud shark, or piked dogfish is one of the best known species of the Squalidae (dogfishes) family of sharks, which is part of the Squaliformes order.

While these common names may apply to several species, Squalus acanthias is distinguished by two spines (one anterior to each dorsal fin) and no anal fin. It lives in shallow waters and further offshore in most parts of the world, especially in temperate waters. Those in the northern Pacific Ocean were reevaluated in 2010 and found to constitute a separate species, now called the Pacific spiny dogfish (Squalus suckleyi).

Clasper
In biology, a clasper is a male anatomical structure found in some groups of animals, used in mating.

Male cartilaginous fish have claspers formed from the posterior portion of their pelvic fin which serve to channel semen into the female's cloaca during mating. The act of mating in some fish including sharks usually includes one of the claspers raised to allow water into the siphon through a specific orifice.  The clasper is then inserted into the cloaca, where it opens like an umbrella to anchor its position. The siphon then begins to contract, expelling water and sperm. The claspers of many shark species have spines or hooks, which may hold them in place during copulation. Many male holocephalans, including living chimaeras, have cephalic claspers (tenacula) on their heads, which are thought to aid in holding the female during mating.

In entomology, it is a structure in male insects that is used to hold the female during copulation (see Lepidoptera genitalia for more).
Moray Golf Club
57°43′08″N 3°18′58″W﻿ / ﻿57.719°N 3.316°W﻿ / 57.719; -3.316

Moray Golf Club is situated in Lossiemouth (on the south coast of the Moray Firth), Moray, Scotland.  The club has two eighteen-hole courses appropriately called the Old Course and the New Course.  The club has played host to many championships, both amateur and professional.  The old and new courses were designed by Old Tom Morris and Henry Cotton respectively.

Moray
Moray (/ˈmʌri/ listenⓘ; Scottish Gaelic: Moireibh or Moireabh) is one of the 32 council areas of Scotland. It lies in the north-east of the country, with a coastline on the Moray Firth, and borders the council areas of Aberdeenshire and Highland. Its council is based in Elgin, the area's largest town. The main towns are generally in the north of the area on the coastal plain. The south of the area is more sparsely populated and mountainous, including part of the Cairngorms National Park.

The council area is named after the historic county of Moray (called Elginshire prior to 1919), which was in turn named after the medieval Province of Moray, each of which covered different areas to the modern council area. The modern area of Moray was created in 1975 as a lower-tier district within the Grampian Region. The Moray district became a single-tier council area in 1996.
Italy national baseball team
The Italy national baseball team (Italian: Nazionale di baseball dell'Italia) represents Italy in international baseball competitions. The national team was ranked 16th in the world as of 2022. Like the country's association football team and other national teams, the national baseball team is known as the Azzurri ("the Blues"), and wears traditional Savoy blue on its uniforms.

Team Italy will compete in the 2026 World Baseball Classic in March 2026.

Savoy blue
Savoy blue (Italian: blu Savoia) or Savoy azure (azzurro Savoia), also known as Italian blue (blu italiano), is a shade of saturated blue between peacock blue and periwinkle, lighter than peacock blue. Since the Middle Ages, it has been the colour of the House of Savoy, the royal dynasty of the Kingdom of Italy from 1861 to 1946, as well as of its predecessor state, the Kingdom of Sardinia–Piedmont.

Having become a National symbol of Italy with the Risorgimento (1859–70), its use continued even after the birth of the Italian Republic (1946) under the name Italian blue. Currently, it is featured in the Presidential Standard of Italy, the sashes for the Italian Armed Forces' officers and the presidents of the Provinces of Italy during the official ceremonies, and the blue jersey for Italian national sports teams.
Mau, Punjab
Mau is a village in Jalandhar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 10 km from Phillaur, 53 km from district headquarter Jalandhar and 120 km from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by a sarpanch who is an elected representative of village as per Panchayati raj (India).

Jalandhar district
Jalandhar district is a district in Doaba region of the state of Punjab, India. The district headquarters is the city of Jalandhar.

Before the Partition of India, Jalandhar was also the headquarters of the Jalandhar Division, with constituent districts Jalandhar, Hoshiarpur, Ludhiana, Ferozepur and Kangra. The entire Jalandhar Division was awarded to India when Punjab was partitioned.
Oh! Susanna (film)
Oh! Susanna is a 1951 Republic Pictures Western film directed by Joseph Kane, written by Charles Marquis Warren and starring Rod Cameron, Lorna Gray (billed as Adrian Booth), Forrest Tucker and Chill Wills.

Charles Marquis Warren
Charles Marquis Warren (December 16, 1912 – August 11, 1990) was an American motion picture and television writer, producer, and director who specialized in Westerns. Among his notable career achievements were his involvement in creating the television series Rawhide and his work in adapting the radio series Gunsmoke for television.
Osorno Province
Osorno Province (Spanish: Provincia de Osorno) is one of the four provinces in the southern Chilean region of Los Lagos (X). The province has an area of 9,223.7 km2 (3,561 sq mi) and a population of 221,496 distributed across seven communes (Spanish: comunas). The provincial capital is the city of Osorno.

Osorno is a city located in southern Chile a territory of northern Patagonia in the Los Lagos Region. The Chilean Patagonia starts at Latitude 39° South in Valdivia and then it continues through the Chiloe Island and the fiords that continue its course south through the Pacific Ocean and the Cordillera de los Andes until it reaches Latitude 56° South at Cape Horn.The province possesses one of the most frequented mountain passes of Chile, the Cardenal Antonio Samoré Pass which links the province with Villa La Angostura and San Carlos de Bariloche in Argentina.

Villa La Angostura
Villa La Angostura (Spanish for Town of the Narrowing) is a town located in the Los Lagos Department in the south of the Argentine province of Neuquén, on the northwest shore of the Nahuel Huapi Lake.

Nestled in the northern part of the Nahuel Huapi National Park, and surrounded by lakes, forests and mountains, it is considered to be one of the most beautiful locations in the mountainous parts of Patagonia; earning it the nickname Garden of Patagonia (Spanish: Jardín de la Patagonia).

Just located a couple of kilometers away from the border with Chile through the Cardenal Antonio Samoré Pass and with other nearby places such as Bariloche and San Martín de los Andes, it forms a popular tourist corridor during both summer and winter.
Hymenothrix loomisii
Hymenothrix loomisii, the Loomis' thimblehead, is a North American species of flowering plant in the daisy family. It grows in the southwestern United States (Arizona, New Mexico, southern Nevada), and also in the Sierra Madre Occidental in western Chihuahua. There have been reports of populations in southern California but these are most likely introductions.

Hymenothrix loomisii is an annual herb up to 70 cm (28 in) tall. Each head has 10-20 yellow or cream-colored disc flowers but no ray flowers.

Sierra Madre Occidental
The Sierra Madre Occidental is a major mountain range system which runs northwest–southeast through northwestern and western Mexico, and along the Gulf of California. The Sierra Madre is part of the American Cordillera, an almost continuous chain of mountain ranges that forms the western "backbone" of the Americas.
St Catherine's Church, Boot
St Catherine's Church is in the village of Boot in the English county of Cumbria. It is the Anglican parish church for Eskdale, and is in the deanery of Calder, the archdeaconry of West Cumberland, and the diocese of Carlisle. Its benefice is united with those of Irton, St Paul, Muncaster, St Michael, and St John, Waberthwaite.

The church stands by the side of the River Esk, some 0.6 miles (0.97 km) to the south of the centre of the village. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building.

Eskdale, Cumbria
Eskdale is a civil parish in the west of the Lake District National Park, and the Cumberland district of Cumbria, England. It is named after the Eskdale valley which the River Esk flows through on its way from the fells of the Lake District to the Irish Sea at Ravenglass. The civil parish is not coterminous with the valley, as the parish also includes the upper valley of the River Mite (Miterdale), whilst the lower reaches of the River Esk are in the civil parish of Muncaster. Most of the parish's population is concentrated in the two villages of Eskdale Green and Boot.

One of the Lake District's most popular tourist attractions, the Ravenglass and Eskdale Railway, runs through the parish, though along with other western parts of the Lake District, Eskdale is notably quieter during the high summer season than the more accessible eastern areas.
Glycerol-1-phosphatase
The enzyme glycerol-1-phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.21) catalyzes the reaction

glycerol 1-phosphate + H2O  glycerol + phosphate

This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on phosphoric monoester bonds.  The systematic name is glycerol-1-phosphate phosphohydrolase. Other names in common use include α-glycerophosphatase, α-glycerol phosphatase, glycerol 3-phosphatase, glycerol-3-phosphate phosphatase, and glycerol 3-phosphate phosphohydrolase.  This enzyme participates in glycerolipid metabolism.

Among the organisms that have been shown to express this enzymatic activity are A. thaliana (plant) via the AtSgpp and AtGpp gene products; D. salina (alga); S. cerevisiae (fungus) via the GPP1/RHR2/YIL053W and GPP2/HOR2/YER062C gene products; C. albicans (fungus) via the GPP1 gene product; M. tuberculosis (bacteria) via the rv1692 gene product; and C57BL/6N mice and Wistar rats (mammals) via the PGP gene product.

Laboratory rat
Laboratory rats or lab rats are strains of the rat subspecies Rattus norvegicus domestica (Domestic Norwegian rat) which are bred and kept for scientific research. While less commonly used for research than laboratory mice, rats have served as an important animal model for research in psychology and biomedical science, and "lab rat" is commonly used as an idiom for a test subject.
Po Dharma
Po Dharma (9 October 1948 – 22 February 2019) was a Vietnamese human rights activist and Cham cultural historian.

Po Dharma was a Cham, born as Quảng Văn Đủ. His birthplace was Chất Thường Village (Cham: Palei Baoh Dana), Ninh Phước District, Ninh Thuận Province. He was a leader of FULRO during the Vietnam War, being severely injured during the war in December 1970 in Kampong Cham against North Vietnamese communist forces. He later quit his military career after getting permission to from Les Kosem, and went to France.

He obtained a bachelor's degree in 1978, a master’s degree in 1980, and a PhD in 1986. His research was mainly about Champa history and Cham cultures.

Po Dharma and his family were not allowed to return to Vietnam.

Po Dharma died in Toulouse on 22 February 2019.

Kampong Cham province
Kampong Cham (Khmer: កំពង់ចាម, UNGEGN: Kâmpóng Cham [kɑmpɔŋ caːm]; lit. 'Cham Port') is a province of Cambodia located on the central lowlands of the Mekong River. It borders the provinces of Kampong Chhnang to the west, Kampong Thom and Kratié to the north, Tboung Khmum to the east, and Prey Veng and Kandal to the south. Kampong Cham was officially divided into two provinces on 31 December 2013 in what was seen by many as a political move by the ruling party.  All land west of the Mekong remained Kampong Cham while land east of the river became Tbong Khmum province. Prior to this division, Kampong Cham extended eastward to the international border with Vietnam, was the eleventh largest province in Cambodia, and with a population of 1,680,694, was the most populous province in Cambodia. Its capital and largest city is Kampong Cham.
Cevira
Cevira is in development as a local treatment for Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia lesions and human papilloma virus (HPV) of the cervix without damaging healthy tissue. With Cevira, Photocure aims to develop the first non-surgical treatment for precancerous cervical lesions using photodynamic therapy (PDT). Cevira treatment is administered locally and remains in contact with the cervix to deliver treatment for up to 24 hours. A cup holds the ointment against the cervix for initial absorption. After a few hours, a light source within the cup emits light at a specific wavelength so the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient, hexylaminolevulinate (HAL), reacts with the tissue.

Photocure
Photocure ASA is a Norwegian specialty pharma company that develops and sells pharmaceuticals and medical devices based on proprietary photodynamic technology. Photocure's strategy in cancer is to continue the commercialization of Hexvix for bladder cancer diagnostics, and continue the development of the cancer portfolio and out-license prior to phase III studies. This strategy is based on a strong platform of intellectual property in photodynamic therapy.
Clunie (surname)
Clunie is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

David Clunie (1948–2025), Scottish footballer

James Clunie (1889–1974), British politician

Jim Clunie (1933–2003), Scottish footballer

Michelle Clunie (born 1969), American actress

Robert Clunie (1895–1984), Scottish-American artist

Thomas J. Clunie (1852–1903), American politician

James Clunie
James Clunie (20 March 1889 – 25 February 1974) was a British Labour Party politician.

Born in Lower Largo, Clunie worked as a house painter and decorator.  He joined the Scottish Painters' Society, serving on its executive, and also came to chair Dunfermline Trades Council.  From 1933 until 1950, he served on Dunfermline Town Council.  In 1950, he was elected as Member of Parliament (MP) for Dunfermline Burghs, serving until his retirement in 1959.
Liang Jing (runner)
Liang Jing (Chinese: 梁晶; pinyin: Liáng Jīng; March 1990 – 22 May 2021) was a Chinese ultramarathon runner; he died in the Gansu ultramarathon disaster.

Liang won several ultramarathons, including the Ultra Gobi—a 400 km (250 mi) race through the Gobi Desert—in 2018. He died on 22 May 2021, at the age of 31, when high winds and freezing rain struck a long-distance race in Baiyin, Gansu, China. Twenty other runners died in the tragedy.

He was nicknamed "Liang God" and "General Liang" and was considered "one of China's most accomplished ultramarathoners".

Baiyin
Baiyin (simplified Chinese: 白银; traditional Chinese: 白銀; pinyin: Báiyín; lit. 'White-Silver') is a prefecture-level city in northeastern Gansu province, People's Republic of China. Established in the 1950s as a base for mining non-ferrous metals, its mines are becoming exhausted in recent decades, requiring the city to reinvent its economy. Located around 60 km (37 mi) from Gansu's capital Lanzhou, it is part of the Lanzhou-Baiyin Economic Belt.
Oak Mountain (Missouri)
Oak Mountain is a summit in the southwestern corner of St. Francois County in the U.S. state of Missouri. The summit has an elevation of 1,631 feet (497 m). The peak is on a north-south trending ridge that extends south into Iron County and the city of Pilot Knob lies just southwest of the mountain. The community of Middlebrook is to the northwest and Iron Mountain Lake is to the north. The source area of Knob Creek is on the west flank of the mountain.

Oak Mountain was so named on account of oak trees which grew there. A variant name was "Buzzard Mountain".

Pilot Knob, Missouri
Pilot Knob is a city in northeast Iron County, Missouri, United States. The population was 671 at the 2020 census. It lies eighteen miles (29 km) south-east of Belgrade and twenty-seven miles (43 km) north-east of Centerville.
Ford Versailles (France)
The Ford Versailles name was used for an automobile between 1954 and 1957 in France.

The former Ford SAF plant in Poissy, acquired by Simca in 1954, manufactured a large car called the Simca Vedette. This was a descendant of the late 1940s/early 1950s Ford Vedette, and was also marketed as Ford Vedette in the Netherlands, Germany and Sweden until 1957. It was available in four versions, each of which was also marketed with a separate model name — Trianon, Versailles, Régence and Marly — hence the "Ford Versailles" appearing in some markets.

Ford SAF
Ford France (formerly, Ford SAF, Ford Société Anonyme Française) is the French subsidiary of the American automaker Ford Motor Company, which existed as a manufacturer under various names between 1916 and 1954, when Ford sold the manufacturing business to Simca.

After 1954 the residuum was renamed "Ford France" and became an importer of models such as the British-built Ford Anglia and the West German-built Ford Taunus.
Byers Field
Byers Field is a 12,750-capacity multi-purpose stadium in Parma, Ohio, located on Day Drive next to The Shoppes at Parma. The stadium can host football, track and field, and soccer events.  The three high schools and three middle schools of the Parma City School District share this venue with Saint Ignatius High School.

National Premier Soccer League
The National Premier Soccer League (NPSL) is an American men's soccer league. The league is officially affiliated to the United States Adult Soccer Association (USASA) and has automatic qualification for the U.S. Open Cup. It is the successor of the Men's Premier Soccer League, a regional league originally based in the Western United States, which has now expanded nationwide to encompass teams from 29 states. The league's motto is "A National League with a Regional Focus".
Herschel Hobbs
Herschel H. Hobbs (1907-1995) was a Southern Baptist clergyman who served as president of the Southern Baptist Convention from 1961 to 1963. He was born in Talladega Springs, Alabama. David Dockery described him as "one of the most influential and shaping leaders in Southern Baptist life in the twentieth century". Jerry Faught held him to be "perhaps the finest denominational statesman Southern Baptists have ever known."

He chaired the committee that drafted the 1963 revision of the Baptist Faith and Message. He graduated from Howard College (later named Samford University) and then attended the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary in Louisville, Kentucky, where he earned a doctorate in 1938.

From 1949 to 1972 he served as pastor of the First Baptist Church in Oklahoma City, OK.

Hobbs was inducted into the Oklahoma Hall of Fame in 1963. He is memorialized at two places on the campus of Samford University.

Samford University
Samford University is a private Christian university in Homewood, Alabama, United States. Homewood is an inner-suburb of Birmingham. Samford was founded by Baptists in 1841 as Howard College and located until 1887 in Marion, Alabama. It is governed by an independent board of trustees, which requires board members to be Baptists.

In fall 2025, the university enrolled 6,324 students from 44 states, 1 U.S. territory, and 16 other countries, marking the 17th consecutive record-setting year for enrollment.
Redistricting in California
Redistricting in California is the process of redrawing the California State Senate, California Assembly, and federal congressional maps. It is usually done after each decennial census and subsequent reapportionment. California is one of eight states with an independent commission. It was created by voters in 2008 when they passed a proposition to take redistricting power away from the Legislature for state Assembly and Senate districts. In 2010, voters added congressional redistricting to the commission's duties. The commission's makeup is 5 Democrats, 5 Republicans and 4 unaffiliated citizens, chosen from business people, professors, or community leaders.

2008 California Proposition 11
Proposition 11 of 2008 (or the Voters FIRST Act) was a law enacted in the US state of California that placed the power to draw electoral boundaries for State Assembly and State Senate districts in a Citizens Redistricting Commission, as opposed to the State Legislature. To do this the Act amended both the Constitution of California and the Government Code. The law was proposed by means of the initiative process and was put to voters as part of the November 4, 2008 state elections. In 2010, voters passed Proposition 20 which extended the Citizen Redistricting Commission's power to draw electoral boundaries to include U.S. House seats as well.
Peter Kemp (civil servant)
Sir Edward Peter Kemp, KCB (10 October 1934 – 24 June 2008), commonly known as Peter Kemp, was an English civil servant.

Kemp was educated at Millfield School, which he left in 1949. An early career in the Royal Navy was cut short by illness and he followed this up with work as an accountant. Kemp entered the civil service in 1967; promoted to deputy secretary at HM Treasury in 1983, in 1988 he was made Second Permanent Secretary at in the Office of the Minister for the Civil Service at the Cabinet Office (in 1992, this became the Office of Public Service and Science); in the role, he had responsibility for implementing the Next Steps reforms which separated administrative and policy work from delivery by creating government agencies. He left the civil service in 1992.

Permanent secretary
A permanent secretary is the most senior civil servant of a department or ministry charged with running the department or ministry's day-to-day activities. Permanent secretaries are the non-political civil service chief executives of government departments or ministries, who generally hold their position for a number of years (thus "permanent") at a ministry as distinct from the changing political secretaries of state to whom they report and provide advice. The role originated in the civil service of the United Kingdom and has been adopted in several Commonwealth countries as well as other countries influenced by the Westminster system.
Kurumi Nara
Kurumi Nara (奈良 くるみ, Nara Kurumi; born 30 December 1991) is a Japanese former professional tennis player.

In her career, she won one singles title on the WTA Tour, with seven singles and three doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit. On 18 August 2014, she achieved her career-high singles ranking of world No. 32. On 2 May 2016, she peaked at No. 109 in the WTA doubles rankings.

Playing for Japan Fed Cup team, Nara has a win–loss record of 12–8.

Japan Billie Jean King Cup team
The Japan women's national tennis team represents Japan in Fed Cup tennis competition and are governed by the Japan Tennis Association. Most recently, in 2024, they qualified for the finals by beating Kazakhstan in April, and then reached the quarter-finals of the competition with a win over Romania in November.
Metlakatla First Nation
Metlakatla First Nation is a band government based at Metlakatla on the North Coast of British Columbia, Canada, to the north of the city of Prince Rupert.  They are a member of the Tsimshian First Nations treaty council.

British Columbia Coast
The British Columbia Coast, popularly referred to as the BC Coast or simply the Coast, is a geographic region of the Canadian province of British Columbia. As the entire western continental coastline of Canada along the Pacific Ocean is in the province, it is synonymous with being the West Coast of Canada.

While the exact boundaries are variously defined, the region is generally defined to include the 15 regional districts that have coastline along the Pacific Ocean or Salish Sea, or are part of the Lower Mainland, a subregion of the British Columbia Coast. Other boundaries may exclude parts of or even entire regional districts, such as those of the aforementioned Lower Mainland.