hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Women's suffrage in Newfoundland
Women in Newfoundland won the right to vote and run for political office in 1925. The first general election in which women were able to participate occurred in 1928. In that election, 90 per cent of eligible women voters cast ballots. In 1930, Lady Helena Squires became the first woman elected into the Newfoundland House of Assembly after winning a by-election.

Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly
The Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly (French: Chambre d'assemblée de Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador) is the unicameral deliberative assembly of the General Assembly of Newfoundland and Labrador of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. It meets in the Confederation Building in St. John's. Bills passed by the assembly are given royal assent by the lieutenant governor of Newfoundland and Labrador, in the name of the Sovereign.

The governing party sits on the left side of the speaker of the House of Assembly as opposed to the traditional right side of the speaker. This tradition dates back to the 1850s as the heaters in the Colonial Building were located on the left side. Thus, the government chose to sit near the heat, and leave the opposition sitting in the cold.
Şehzade Ertuğrul Osman
Şehzade Ertuğrul Osman Efendi (Ottoman Turkish: ارطغرل عثمان; 18 August 1912 – 23 September 2009), also known as Osman Ertuğrul Osmanoğlu with a surname as required by the Turkish Republic, was a prince of the Ottoman Empire and the 43rd Head of the Imperial House of Osman from 1994 until his death.

Until the abolition of the monarchy on 1 November 1922, Osman was addressed as His Imperial Highness Şehzade Ertuğrul Osman Efendi Hazretleri, Imperial Prince of the Ottoman Empire. He is known in Turkey as "the last Ottoman".

Shah
Shāh (/ʃɑː/; Persian: شاه [ˈʃaːɦ] ⓘ) is a royal title meaning 'king' in Persian. Though chiefly associated with the monarchs of Iran, it was also used to refer to the leaders of numerous Persianate societies, such as the Ottoman Empire, the Khanate of Bukhara and the Emirate of Bukhara, the Mughal Empire, the Bengal Sultanate, and various Afghan dynasties, as well as among Gurkhas. With regard to Iranian history, in particular, each ruling monarch was not seen simply as the head of the concurrent dynasty and state, but as the successor to a long line of royalty beginning with the original Persian Empire of Cyrus the Great. To this end, he was more emphatically known as the Shāhanshāh (شاهنشاه, šāhanšāh, 'king of kings' [ˌʃaːhanˈʃaːɦ]), since the Achaemenid dynasty. A roughly equivalent title is Pādishāh (پادشاه, pādišāh, pādšāh, 'master king'), which was most widespread during the Muslim period in the Indian subcontinent.
Pulmonary hypoplasia
Pulmonary hypoplasia is an incomplete development of the lungs, resulting in an abnormally low number or small size of bronchopulmonary segments or alveoli.  A congenital malformation, most often occurs secondary to other fetal abnormalities that interfere with normal development of the lungs.  Primary (idiopathic) pulmonary hypoplasia is rare and usually not associated with other maternal or fetal abnormalities.

Incidence of pulmonary hypoplasia ranges from 9–11 per 10,000 live births and 14 per 10,000 births.  Pulmonary hypoplasia is a relatively common cause of neonatal death.  It also is a common finding in stillbirths, although not regarded as a cause of these.

Idiopathic disease
An idiopathic disease is any disease with an unknown cause or mechanism of apparent spontaneous origin.

For some medical conditions, one or more causes are somewhat understood, but in a certain percentage of instances, the cause may not be readily apparent or characterized. In these cases, the origin of the condition is said to be idiopathic. With some other medical conditions, the root cause for a large percentage of all cases has not been established—for example, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis or ankylosing spondylitis; the majority of these cases are deemed idiopathic. Certain medical conditions, when idiopathic, notably some forms of epilepsy and stroke, are preferentially described by the synonymous term of cryptogenic.
Out to Win (2015 film)
Out to Win is a 2015 American documentary film, directed by Malcolm Ingram. The film chronicles the history of LGBT participation in professional sports, concentrating in particular on key figures such as John Amaechi, Billy Bean, Jason Collins, Wade Davis, Brittney Griner, Billie Jean King, David Kopay, Conner Mertens, Martina Navratilova, and Michael Sam.

The film had its premiere on March 15, 2015 at SXSW.

Jason Collins
Jason Paul Collins (born December 2, 1978) is an American former professional basketball player who was a center for 13 seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for the Stanford Cardinal, earning third-team All-American honors in 2001. Collins was selected by the Houston Rockets as the 18th overall pick in the 2001 NBA draft. He went on to play for the New Jersey Nets, Memphis Grizzlies, Minnesota Timberwolves, Atlanta Hawks, Boston Celtics, Washington Wizards and Brooklyn Nets.

After the 2012–13 NBA season concluded, Collins publicly came out as gay. He became a free agent and did not play again until February 2014, when he signed with the Nets and became the first publicly gay athlete to play in any of the four major North American pro sports leagues. In April 2014, Collins was featured on the cover of Time Magazine's "100 Most Influential People in the World".
Narros de Matalayegua
Narros de Matalayegua is a village and large municipality in the province of Salamanca,  western Spain, part of the autonomous community of Castile-Leon. It is located 42 kilometres (26 mi) from the provincial capital city of Salamanca and has a population of 238 people.

Province of Salamanca
Salamanca (Spanish pronunciation: [salaˈmaŋka]) is a province of western Spain, in the western part of the autonomous community of Castile and León (Castilla y León). It is bordered by the provinces of Ávila, Cáceres, Valladolid, and Zamora, and on the west by Portugal. It has an area of 12,349 km2 and in 2018 had a population of 331,473 people. It is divided into 362 municipalities, 11 comarcas, 32 mancomunidades, and five judicial districts. Of the 362 municipalities, more than half are villages with fewer than 300 people.
Honeychurch (surname)
Honeychurch is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Cara Honeychurch, Australian ten-pin bowling player

Klint Honeychurch, American video game designer

Lucy Honeychurch, fictional character in E. M. Forster's 1908 novel A Room with a View

Marlyse Honeychurch, victim of the Bear Brook murders

Mitch Honeychurch (born 1995), Australian rules footballer

Mitch Honeychurch
Mitchell Honeychurch  (born 2 March 1995) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for the Western Bulldogs in the Australian Football League (AFL). Honeychurch played for the Eastern Ranges in the TAC Cup, and represented Vic Metro during the National Under 18 Championships. Honeychurch was named in the Under 18 All Australian team, and won Vic Metro's Most Valuable Player after a series of strong performances for Metro. Honeychurch played in the Ranges' TAC Cup Grand Final win over the Dandenong Stingrays, booting 3 goals and named as one of the best afield. While ranked by Champion Data as the fifteenth most impressive player in the draft pool, Honeychurch slid to Pick 60 in the 2013 AFL draft, taking the Bulldogs (the club that had displayed the most interest in Honeychurch) by surprise.
Le Neve
Le Neve is a  Breton  surname. Historically most prevalent in  Morbihan . People with that name include:

Clement le Neve Foster (1841–1904), English geologist and mineralogist

Ethel Le Neve (1883–1967), mistress of the murderer Dr. Hawley Harvey Crippen

John Le Neve (1679–1741), English antiquary

Mélissa Le Nevé (born 1989), French professional rock climber

Oliver Le Neve (1662–1711), Norfolk country squire, landowning sportsman, and duellist

Peter Le Neve (1661–1729), English herald and antiquary

Peter le Neve Foster (1809–1879), English barrister and mathematician

William Le Neve (1600? – 1661), English herald and genealogist

Morbihan
The Morbihan (/mɔːrbiˈɒ̃/ mor-bee-ON; French: [mɔʁbi(j)ɑ̃]; Breton: Mor-Bihan [moːrˈbiː(h)ãn]) is a department in the administrative region of Brittany, situated in the northwest of France. It is named after the Morbihan (small sea in Breton), the enclosed sea that is the principal feature of the coastline. It had a population of 759,684 in 2019. It is noted for its Carnac stones, which predate and are more extensive than the Stonehenge monument in Wiltshire, England.

Three major military educational facilities are located in Guer, including École Spéciale Militaire de Saint-Cyr, the national military academy for officers.
Bautista Creek
Bautista Creek is a tributary of the San Jacinto River in Riverside County, California. The creek's headwaters are in the San Bernardino National Forest, north of Anza, California, in the San Jacinto Mountains. Near the creek's headwaters are the sites of several former Cahuilla villages.

As it flows down out of the mountains, the creek passes through Bautista Canyon. Juan Bautista de Anza passed through the canyon in 1774 and 1776 on his way from Nogales, Mexico to San Francisco. The creek also passes the Bautista Conservation Camp, part of the California Conservation Camp Program.

Upon leaving the canyon, the creek is channelized as it runs northwest toward Valle Vista. At State Route 74, it becomes part of the San Jacinto River/Bautista Creek Levee System managed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The creek finally joins the San Jacinto River just north of Valle Vista and south of the Soboba Reservation.

Juan Bautista de Anza National Historic Trail
The Juan Bautista de Anza National Historic Trail is a 1,210-mile (1,950 km) trail extending from Nogales on the U.S.-Mexico border in Arizona, through the California desert and coastal areas in Southern California and the Central Coast region to San Francisco. The trail commemorates the 1775–1776 land route that Spanish commander Juan Bautista de Anza took from the Sonora y Sinaloa Province of New Spain in Colonial Mexico through to Las Californias Province. The goal of the trip was to establish a mission and presidio on San Francisco Bay.  The trail was an attempt to ease the course of Spanish colonization of California by establishing a major land route north for many to follow. It was used for about five years before being closed by the Quechan (Yuma) Indians in 1781 and kept closed for the next 40 years. It is a National Historic Trail administered by the National Park Service and was also designated a National Millennium Trail.
Finno-Ugrian suicide hypothesis
The Finno-Ugrian suicide hypothesis proposes to link genetic ties originating among Finno-Ugric peoples to high rate of suicide, claiming an allele common among them is responsible.

Mari and Udmurts have been found to have a three times higher suicide rate than Finns and Hungarians. It has been thus theorized that such a possible allele may have arisen in those populations.

However, contrary to the hypothesis, available contemporary (1990–1994) suicide rates in the United States were uniformly negatively associated with the proportion of the population comprising people of self-reported Hungarian, Lithuanian, Polish, Russian, Slovakian, or Ukrainian descent. The findings of this first test outside Europe are therefore conflicting. A proposal based on the geographical study approach is offered to further the progress of investigations into the genetics of suicide.

Udmurts
The Udmurts (Udmurt: Удмуртъёс, Udmurtjos) are a Permian (Finno-Ugric) ethnic group in Eastern Europe, who speak the Udmurt language. They mainly live in the republic of Udmurtia in Russia. They form 24.1% of Udmurtia's population.
Hajiya Nàja'atu Mohammed
Hajiya Nàja’atu Mohammed, also known as Naja'atu Bala Muhammad (born 1956), is a Nigerian politician and activist. Her father was an associate of Aminu Kano.

She was Action Congress of Nigeria (ACN) Nominee for Kano Central District Senator in 2007 Nigerian General Election She is also one of the first women to have served as president of the National Students Union Nigeria in the prestigious Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria (ABU) and also the first female Vice - President of the National Association of Nigerian Students (NANS). She claimed to have brought President of Nigeria, Muhammadu Buhari, into politics.

Zaria
Zaria Listenⓘ (formerly Zazzau) is a metropolitan city in Nigeria, located within four local government areas in Kaduna State. It serves as the capital of the Zazzau Emirate Council and is one of the original seven Hausa city-states. The local government areas comprising Zaria are Zaria, Sabon Gari, Giwa, and Soba local government areas of Kaduna State, Nigeria.

It contains Nigeria's largest university, Ahmadu Bello University, and various tertiary institutions including the Federal College of Education (FCE Zaria), Nigerian College of Aviation Technology, Nigerian Institute of Transport Technology, Nigeria Institute of Leather and Science Technology and Nuhu Bamalli Polytechnic.  Department of Agriculture Ahmed Bello University Zaria. Ameer Shehu Idris College of Advanced Diploma.

From the 2006 population census, Zaria was estimated to have 736,000 people. It is home to the Emir of Zazzau.
F.O.O.D. (album)
F.O.O.D. is the second full-length studio album by American rapper/producer Danny!, released under his 1911 Music/Badenov Records imprint in 2005. The acronym "F.O.O.D." stands for "Finding Out Our Destination" and, despite the depiction in the cover art, the album's content has nothing to do with any actual food or food-related themes (unlike MF Doom's second album, Mm..Food).

The restaurant shown on the cover of F.O.O.D. is Bobbie's Diner, a 1950s-themed cafe owned by the Savannah College of Art & Design where Danny! was once a student.

Savannah College of Art and Design
Savannah College of Art and Design (SCAD) is a private art school with locations in Savannah and Atlanta, Georgia, United States, and Lacoste, France. It was founded in 1978 to provide degrees in programs not then offered in the southeast United States and to create a specialized professional art college to attract students from throughout the United States and abroad. The university enrolls more than 17,000 students from across the United States and around the world with international students comprising up to 25.4 percent of the student population. SCAD is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges and other professional accrediting bodies.
South Bromsgrove High School
South Bromsgrove High School (SBHS) is a co-educational, upper school and sixth form with academy status, located in Bromsgrove, Worcestershire, England. It is located opposite the housing estate of Charford. The school delivers to GCSE, and A level students from an area between Alvechurch and Malvern with around 1,350 students on roll.

Alvechurch
Alvechurch (/ˈælvtʃɜːrtʃ/ ALV-church) is a large village and civil parish in the Bromsgrove district in north-eastern Worcestershire, England, in the valley of the River Arrow. The Lickey Hills Country Park is 2.5 miles (4 km) to the north-west. It is 11 miles (18 kilometres) south of Birmingham, 5 mi (8 km) north of Redditch and 6 mi (10 km) east of Bromsgrove. At the 2001 census, the population was 5,316.
Charles Leno
Charles Leno Jr. (born October 9, 1991) is an American former professional football offensive tackle who played ten seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Boise State Broncos and was selected by the Chicago Bears in the seventh round of the 2014 NFL draft. Leno was a seven-year starter for the Bears, making the 2019 Pro Bowl with them, and also played three seasons with the Washington Football Team / Commanders.

2019 Pro Bowl
The 2019 Pro Bowl was the National Football League's all-star game for the 2018 NFL season, played on January 27, 2019, at Camping World Stadium in Orlando, Florida. It was televised nationally by ESPN and its sister networks.
Bridge No. 3355 (Kathio Township, Mille Lacs County, Minnesota)
Bridge Number 3355 in Kathio Township, in Mille Lacs County, Minnesota, is a concrete slab bridge that carries U.S. Route 169 (US 169) over Whitefish Creek near Mille Lacs Lake. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places for its architectural significance, especially the ornamental stonework as designed by the National Park Service and built by the Civilian Conservation Corps.

The original bridge was built in 1921 with a span of 16 feet (4.9 m) and a width of 20 feet (6.1 m). In 1939 the bridge was widened to 60 feet (18 m) to fit the roadway and two granite sidewalks. The basic construction was still a concrete slab, but the abutment extensions, railings, and retaining walls were built of random-coursed granite. This was part of a roadside beautification and wayside development project near the town of Garrison. The elaborate stonework was undertaken as part of the work relief offered through the New Deal, so a labor-intensive approach was chosen.

Mille Lacs County, Minnesota
Mille Lacs County (/məˈlæks/ mə-LAKS) is a county in the East Central part of the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 26,459. Its county seat is Milaca. The county was founded in 1857, and its boundary was expanded in 1860.

Mille Lacs County is included in the Minneapolis-St. Paul Metropolitan Statistical Area.

A portion of the Mille Lacs Indian Reservation is in the county.
Allders
Allders was an independent department store operating in the United Kingdom.

The original store was established in 1862 in Croydon by Joshua Allder. In the second half of the 20th century, this parent store was developed into a chain of department stores across England and Wales. By the turn of the millennium, the flagship store in Croydon was the third-largest department store in the United Kingdom. The chain was broken up and sold after it went into administration in 2005, although the Croydon store continued trading until 2012, having been purchased by Harold Tillman, the then-owner of the Jaeger clothing company. On 17 January 2013, the company closed the store along with the website, and the brand ceased to exist. In 2018 the brand relaunched with a department store in the former Co-op Department Store in the Paisley Centre in Paisley, Renfrewshire, but this closed in 2021.

Bromley
Bromley is a large town in Greater London, England, within the London Borough of Bromley. It is 9+1⁄2 miles (15 kilometres) southeast of Charing Cross, and had an estimated population of 88,000 as of 2023.

Originally part of Kent, Bromley became a market town, chartered in 1158. Its location on a coaching route and the opening of a railway station in 1858 were key to its development and the shift from an agrarian village to an urban town. As part of the growth of London's conurbation in the 20th century, Bromley Town significantly increased in population and was incorporated as a municipal borough in 1903 and became part of the London Borough of Bromley in 1965. Bromley today forms a major retail and commercial centre. It is identified in the London Plan as one of the 13 metropolitan centres of Greater London.
Swanee (song)
"Swanee" is an American popular song from 1919 composed by George Gershwin, with lyrics written by Irving Caesar. It is most often associated with singer Al Jolson.

The song was written for a New York City revue by Ned Wayburn called Demi Tasse, which opened on 24 October 1919 as part of the inaugural performance of the Capitol Theatre. Demi Tasse opened with "Swanee" and closed with another new song with George Gershwin's music, "Come to the Moon" (lyrics by Wayburn and Lou Paley).

Caesar, who was then aged 24, claimed to have written the song in about ten minutes riding on a bus in Manhattan, finishing it at Gershwin's apartment. It was partly inspired by  Stephen Foster's "Old Folks at Home", including that phrase in its lyrics. It was originally used as a big production number, with 60 chorus girls dancing with electric lights in their slippers on an otherwise darkened stage.

Stephen Foster
Stephen Collins Foster (July 4, 1826 – January 13, 1864), known as "the father of American music", was an American composer known primarily for his parlour and folk music during the Romantic period. Foster wrote more than 200 songs, including "Oh! Susanna", "Hard Times Come Again No More", "Camptown Races", "Old Folks at Home" ("Swanee River"), "My Old Kentucky Home", "Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair", "Old Black Joe", and "Beautiful Dreamer". Many of his compositions remain popular today.
Wales national badminton team
The Wales national badminton team (Welsh: Tîm badminton cenedlaethol Cymru) represents Wales in international badminton team competitions. It is controlled by Badminton Wales, the national organization for badminton in the country. Wales have never participated in the Thomas Cup and the Uber Cup. The team's last appearance in the international stage was at the 2007 Sudirman Cup.

The Welsh team had participated in the 2020 European Men's and Women's Team Badminton Championships but were defeated in the group stage.

1955 Thomas Cup
The 1955 Thomas Cup competition is an international team tournament for supremacy in men's badminton (its female counterpart is the Uber Cup). Beginning in 1948–49, it was held every three years until 1982 and has been held every two years thereafter. Twenty-one national teams officially entered the third Thomas Cup series in 1954-1955 but two of these, Belgium and Burma, defaulted their opening ties (team matches). Four qualifying zones were established: Asia, Australasia, Europe and Pan America. Winners from each zone played-off in Singapore in late May and early June for the right to play Malaya which, as defending champion, was exempt until it met a challenger in a conclusive challenge round tie. For a more detailed description of the Thomas Cup format see Wikipedia's general article on the Thomas Cup.
Skew coordinates
A system of skew coordinates, sometimes called oblique coordinates, is a curvilinear coordinate system where the coordinate surfaces are not orthogonal, as in orthogonal coordinates.

Skew coordinates tend to be more complicated to work with compared to orthogonal coordinates since the metric tensor will have nonzero off-diagonal components, preventing many simplifications in formulas for tensor algebra and tensor calculus. The nonzero off-diagonal components of the metric tensor are a direct result of the non-orthogonality of the basis vectors of the coordinates, since by definition:

where  is the metric tensor and  the (covariant) basis vectors.

These coordinate systems can be useful if the geometry of a problem fits well into a skewed system. For example, solving Laplace's equation in a parallelogram will be easiest when done in appropriately skewed coordinates.

Basis (linear algebra)
In mathematics, a set B of elements of  a vector space V is called a basis (pl.: bases) if every element of V can be written in a unique way as a finite linear combination of elements of B. The coefficients of this linear combination are referred to as components or coordinates of the vector with respect to B. The elements of a basis are called basis vectors.

Equivalently, a set B is a basis if its elements are linearly independent and every element of V is a linear combination of elements of B. In other words, a basis is a linearly independent spanning set.

A vector space can have several bases; however all the bases have the same number of elements, called the dimension of the vector space.

This article deals mainly with finite-dimensional vector spaces. However, many of the principles are also valid for infinite-dimensional vector spaces.

Basis vectors find applications in the study of crystal structures and frames of reference.