hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Prince Society
The Prince Society, or Prince Society for Mutual Publication, (1858-1944) in Boston, Massachusetts, published "rare works, in print or manuscript, relating to America." It was named after Thomas Prince, fifth pastor of Old South Church in Boston. Historian Samuel Gardner Drake founded the society because he "had not been made a member of the Massachusetts Historical Society, and he resented it." Officials of the Prince Society included William Sumner Appleton, John Ward Dean, Charles E. Goodspeed, Edmund F. Slafter, John Wingate Thornton, and William Henry Whitmore. It operated from offices in Bromfield Street (ca.1868) and Somerset Street (ca.1872, 1908). Around 1920 society members "realized at last that a publication society 'on the mutual principle' had become an anomaly in this day and generation." The society continued for several "years of poise before the final leap into the abyss" in 1944.

Old South Meeting House
The Old South Meeting House is a historic Congregational church building located at the corner of Milk and Washington Streets in the Downtown Crossing area of Boston, Massachusetts, built in 1729. It gained fame as the organizing point for the Boston Tea Party on December 16, 1773. Approximately 5,000 to 7,000 gathered at the Meeting House, the largest building in Boston at the time.
Pseudoeriosema
Pseudoeriosema is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It includes five species of herbs or shrubs native to tropical Africa. Typical habitats include seasonally-dry tropical woodland, wooded grassland, and seasonally swampy grassland in the Zambezian, Sudanian, and Somali-Masai regions. It belongs to subfamily Faboideae.

Pseudoeriosema andongense (Welw. ex Baker) Hauman

Pseudoeriosema borianii (Schweinf.) Hauman

Pseudoeriosema homblei (De Wild.) Hauman

Pseudoeriosema longipes (Harms) Hauman

Pseudoeriosema moeroense (De Wild.) Hauman

Zambezian region
The Zambezian region is a large biogeographical region in Africa. The Zambezian region includes woodlands, savannas, grasslands, and thickets, extending from east to west in a broad belt across the continent. The Zambezian region lies south of the rainforests of the Guineo-Congolian region. The Zambezian region is bounded by deserts and xeric shrublands on the southwest, the Highveld grasslands of South Africa to the south, and the subtropical Maputaland forests on the southeast.
Palm Jumeirah
The Palm Jumeirah (Arabic: نخلة جميرا) is an archipelago of artificial islands on the Persian Gulf in Jumeirah, Dubai, United Arab Emirates. It is part of a larger series of developments called the Palm Islands, including Palm Jebel Ali and the Dubai Islands, which, when completed, will together increase Dubai's shoreline by a total of 520 kilometres (320 mi). It has a population of over 25,000 as of 2022.

The islands were created using land reclamation. They were created to resemble a palm tree when seen from the air, and are roughly divided into three areas: "trunk", "fronds", and "outer crescent". The trunk is a mixed commercial and residential area, the fronds are reserved for residential homes and villas, while the outer crescent is used for luxury and upscale resorts.

The Palm Jumeirah was constructed by a Dutch specialist dredging company, Van Oord. The same company also created The World Islands.

Land reclamation
Land reclamation, often known as reclamation, and also known as land fill (not to be confused with a waste landfill), is the process of creating new land from oceans, seas, riverbeds or lake beds. The land reclaimed is known as reclamation ground, reclaimed land, or land fill. The term "reclamation" is a misnomer, and promotes confusion with land rehabilitation.
1990 Laurence Olivier Awards
The 1990 Laurence Olivier Awards were held in 1990 in London celebrating excellence in West End theatre by the Society of London Theatre. As the previous ceremony was held in 1988, these awards honored productions from both 1989 and 1990, and have been listed as the 1989/90 Laurence Olivier Awards on the Society of London Theatre website since at least 2003.

Racing Demon (play)
Racing Demon is a 1990 play by English playwright David Hare. Part of a trio of plays about British institutions, it focuses on the Church of England, and tackles issues such as gay ordination, and the role of evangelism in inner-city communities. The play debuted at the National Theatre, in London.
The Secret Orchard
The Secret Orchard is a 1915 American drama silent film directed by Frank Reicher and written by Channing Pollock and William C. deMille. The film stars Cleo Ridgely, Blanche Sweet, Edward MacKay, Gertrude Kellar, Carlyle Blackwell and Theodore Roberts. The film was released on August 9, 1915, by Paramount Pictures.

William C. deMille
William Churchill deMille (July 25, 1878 – March 5, 1955), also spelled de Mille or De Mille, was an American screenwriter and film director from the silent film era through the early 1930s. He was also a noted playwright prior to moving into film. Once he was established in film he specialized in adapting Broadway plays into silent films.
Hemiaspis damelii
Hemiaspis damelii is a species of venomous snake in the family Elapidae. It is a relatively small species of elapid with a mean snout-vent length (SVL) of 42.6 to 60 cm (16.8 to 23.6 in). The species is endemic to eastern Australia and is most commonly found across central inland New South Wales through to the interior of south-eastern Queensland. Common names for this species include ngabi, grey snake and Dämel's Snake. The specific name, damelii, is in honor of German entomologist Edward Dämel, who collected Australian specimens for Museum Godeffroy.

Elapidae
Elapidae (/əˈlæpədiː/, commonly known as elapids /ˈɛləpɪdz/, from Ancient Greek: ἔλαψ élaps, variant of ἔλλοψ éllops "sea-fish") is a family of snakes characterized by their permanently erect fangs at the front of the mouth. Most elapids are venomous, with the exception of the genus Emydocephalus. Many members of this family exhibit a threat display of rearing upwards while spreading out a neck flap. Elapids are endemic to tropical and subtropical regions around the world, with terrestrial forms in Asia, Australia, Africa, and the Americas and marine forms in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Members of the family have a wide range of sizes, from the 18 cm (7.1 in) white-lipped snake to the 5.85 m (19 ft 2 in) king cobra. Most species have neurotoxic venom that is channeled by their hollow fangs, and some may contain other toxic components in varying proportions. The family includes 55 genera with around 360 species and over 170 subspecies.
Prasanna Amarasekara
Prasanna Sampath Amarasekara (born 21 March 1981) is a Sri Lankan track and field sprinter. He participated at the 2002, 2006, and 2010 Commonwealth Games the 2005 Asian Championships in Athletics and the 2005 World Championships in Athletics.

Athletics at the 2006 Commonwealth Games
At the 2006 Commonwealth Games, the athletics events were held in Melbourne, Australia from 19 March to 25 March 2006. A total of 47 events were contested, of which 24 by male and 23 by female athletes. Furthermore, three men's and three women's disability events were held within the programme. All athletics events took place within the Melbourne Cricket Ground, while the marathon and racewalking events took place on the streets of Melbourne and finished at the main stadium.

The hosts Australia easily won the medals table with 16 golds and 41 medals in total. Jamaica came second with 10 golds and 22 medals, while Kenya and England were the next best performers. A total of eleven Games records were broken over the course of the seven-day competition. Six of the records were broken by Australian athletes.
Periostin
Periostin (POSTN, PN, or osteoblast-specific factor OSF-2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the POSTN gene.  Periostin functions as a ligand for alpha-V/beta-3 and alpha-V/beta-5 integrins to support adhesion and migration of epithelial cells.

Periostin is a gla domain vitamin K dependent factor.

Alpha-v beta-5
αVβ5 is a type of integrin that binds to matrix macromolecules and proteinases and thereby stimulates angiogenesis. However, it inhibits angiogenesis.

It consists of two components, integrin alpha V and integrin beta 5.
Pausa, Saxony
Pausa (German pronunciation: [ˈpaʊza] ⓘ) is a town in the Vogtlandkreis district, in the Free State of Saxony, Germany. It is situated 13 km east of Schleiz, and 14 km northwest of Plauen. With effect from 1 January 2013, it has merged with Mühltroff under the name of Pausa-Mühltroff.

Schleiz
Schleiz (German pronunciation: [ˈʃlaɪts] ⓘ) is a town in the district of Saale-Orla-Kreis in Thuringia, Germany. The former municipality Crispendorf was merged into Schleiz in January 2019, and Burgk in December 2019.
Kevin Moran (footballer)
Kevin Bernard Moran (born 29 April 1956) is an Irish former footballer who excelled at the top levels in two codes: Gaelic and the association brand. In the sport of hurling his earliest appearance in Croke Park saw him and his team mates from CBS James's Street lift the Fianna Fail Hurling Cup in 1967/68.  Those early days set the seeds for his future success in Gaelic Football on the great Dubs team of the late 70s. Dublin county team, winning two All-Ireland Senior Football Championships with them, and in association football for his career with Blackburn Rovers, Manchester United and Ireland. In 1985 he became the first man to be sent off in an FA Cup Final.

James's Street, Dublin
James's Street (Irish: Sráid San Séamas) is a street in the Liberties area of central Dublin, Ireland. Originally the location of one of the medieval city gates of Dublin, St. James's Gate, it has been the home of St. James's Gate Brewery since the 18th century.

The street runs from approximately the steps of Cromwell's Quarters and Mount Brown to the junction with Watling Street and Thomas Street. The street is a continuation of High Street and the ancient Slighe Mhór out of the city to the west.
Gastrotheca bufona
Gastrotheca bufona (common name: Antioquia marsupial frog) is a species of frog in the family Hemiphractidae. It is endemic to Colombia and known from the Cordillera Central and Cordillera Occidental in Antioquia and Caldas Departments, at elevations of 1,430–2,200 m (4,690–7,220 ft) asl. The specific name bufona is derived from Spanish bufón, meaning a jester or clown, and refers to the frog's "gaudy" appearance.

Cordillera Occidental (Colombia)
The Cordillera Occidental (English: Western Ranges) is the lowest in elevation of the three branches of the Colombian Andes.  The average altitude is 2,000 m (6,600 ft) and the highest peak is Cerro Tatamá at 4,100 m (13,500 ft).  The range extends from south to north diverging from the Colombian Massif in Nariño Department, passes north through Cauca, Valle del Cauca, Risaralda, Chocó, and Caldas Departments to the Paramillo Massif in Antioquia and Córdoba Departments. The cordillera is paralleled on the east by the Cauca river. From this massif the range divides further to form the Serranías de Ayapel, San Jerónimo and Abibe, receding into the Caribbean plain and the Sinú River valley.

It is a direct continuation of the Cordillera Occidental of Ecuador.
Strangles
Strangles (also called equine distemper) is a contagious upper respiratory tract infection of horses and other equines caused by a Gram-positive bacterium, Streptococcus equi.  As a result, the lymph nodes swell, compressing the pharynx, larynx, and trachea, and can cause airway obstruction leading to death, hence the name strangles. Strangles is enzootic in domesticated horses worldwide. The contagious nature of the infection has at times led to limitations on sporting events.

Equidae
Equidae (commonly known as the horse family) is the taxonomic family of horses and related animals, including asses, zebras, and many extinct species known only from fossils. The family evolved more than 50 million years ago, in the Eocene epoch, from a small, multi-toed ungulate into larger, single-toed animals. All extant species are in the genus Equus, which originated in North America. Equidae belongs to the order Perissodactyla, which includes the extant tapirs and rhinoceros, and several extinct families. It is more specifically grouped within the superfamily Equoidea, the only other family being the extinct Palaeotheriidae.

The term equid refers to any member of this family, including any equine.
Ivan Petlin
Ivan Petlin (Russian: Иван Петлин), also known by the diminutive form Ivashko or Evashko Petlin (Russian: Ивашко Петлин), was the first Russian to have reached China on an official mission (1618–1619). He was a Siberian Cossack. His expedition may have been the second European expedition to reach China from the west by an overland route (after that of Bento de Góis) since the fall of the Yuan Dynasty.

Siberian Cossacks
Siberian Cossacks were Cossacks who settled in the Siberian region of Russia from the end of the 16th century, following Yermak Timofeyevich's conquest of Siberia. In early periods, practically the whole Russian population in Siberia, especially the serving-men, were called Cossacks, but only in the loose sense of being neither land-owners nor peasants. Most of these people came from northwest Russia and had little connection to the Don Cossacks or Zaporozhian Cossacks.
Frederick Nene Russell
Frederick Nene Russell (fl. 1868–1886) was a Māori member of Parliament in New Zealand. He was one of four Māori elected in 1868 for the new Māori electorates in the New Zealand parliament.

He represented the electorate of Northern Maori from 1868 to 1870, when he retired.

Son of George Frederick Russell, a timber merchant of Kohukohu and his second wife Herina Tuku, a Ngāpuhi woman. Through her, he was related to Tāmati Wāka Nene.

He served as chief clerk in the Native Office at Wellington for several years, resigning in May 1884.

He died in Suva, Fiji in January 1886.

Kohukohu
Kohukohu is a village on the Hokianga Harbour in the Northland Region of New Zealand. It was one of the first European settlements in New Zealand.

Kohukohu is situated on the northern shore of the harbour where it splits into two rivers, the Mangamuka River branching inland to the northeast and the Waihou River leading towards the east past Mangungu, Horeke and Rangiahua.

Where the harbour divides there is a small island called Motiti which was painted by Augustus Earle, the first European artist to spend several months in New Zealand, during his visit to the Hokianga in 1827. He wrote "we were sailing up a spacious sheet of water, which became considerably wider after entering it; while majestic hills rose on each side .... looking up the river we beheld various headlands stretching into the water and gradually contracting its width, 'till they became fainter and fainter in the distance and all was lost in the azure of the horizon".
Henschel Hs 121
The Henschel Hs 121 was the first aircraft built by the German Henschel company. It was a high-wing monoplane with an inline engine, fixed undercarriage and single, open cockpit, designed as an advanced trainer. Only one aircraft was produced, in 1933–4, as a testpiece for the Air Ministry.

Trainer aircraft
A trainer is a class of aircraft designed specifically to facilitate flight training of pilots and aircrews. The use of a dedicated trainer aircraft with additional safety features—such as tandem flight controls, forgiving flight characteristics and a simplified cockpit arrangement—allows pilots-in-training to safely advance their skills in a more forgiving aircraft.

Civilian pilots are normally trained in a light aircraft, with two or more seats to allow for a student and instructor.
Epipactis leptochila
Epipactis leptochila, the narrow-lipped helleborine, is a species of orchid in the genus Epipactis, which is found in chalk or limestone-based beech and hornbeam woodland in southern England and Wales. The narrow-lipped helleborine blooms from early June to mid-August. Epipactis leptochila is also found in parts of northern Europe. Due to habitat loss, the species is scarce and declining in the United Kingdom, where it can mainly be found in the Cotswolds and the Chiltern Hills.

Chiltern Hills
The Chiltern Hills or the Chilterns are a chalk escarpment in southern England to the northwest of London, covering 660 square miles (1700 sq km) across Oxfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Hertfordshire and Bedfordshire and stretching 45 miles (72 km) from Goring-on-Thames in the southwest to Hitchin in the northeast. The hills are 12 miles (19 km) at their widest.

In 1964, 833 square kilometres - almost half of the Chiltern Hills - were designated by the Countryside Commission
as an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) under the powers established by the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949.

The northwest boundary of the Chilterns is clearly defined by the escarpment. The dip slope is by definition more gradual and merges with the landscape to the southeast. The southwest endpoint is the River Thames. The hills decline slowly in prominence in northeast Bedfordshire.
Simon Stevin (journal)
Simon Stevin was a Dutch language academic journal in pure and applied mathematics, or Wiskunde as the field is known in Dutch. Published in Ghent, edited by Guy Hirsch, it ran for 67 volumes until 1993. The journal is named after Simon Stevin (1548–1620), a Flemish mathematician and engineer.

In 1994, a second series was started from volume 1 under the title Bulletin of the Belgian Mathematical Society - Simon Stevin, and publishes mainly in English. Volumes of the second series are available from Project Euclid: Bulletin of the Belgian Mathematical Society - Simon Stevin.

The editor-in-chief is Stefaan Caenepeel.

Guy Hirsch
Guy Hirsch (20 September 1915 – 4 August 1993) was a Belgian mathematician and philosopher of mathematics, who worked on algebraic topology and epistemology of mathematics.

He became a member of the Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium for Science and the Arts in 1973.

He is known for the Leray–Hirsch theorem, a basic result on the algebraic topology of fiber bundles that he proved independently of Jean Leray in the late 1940s.
Camilo Cienfuegos Military Schools System
The Camilo Cienfuegos Military Schools System (Spanish: Escuelas Militares Camilo Cienfuegos, EMCC) are a type of boarding school in the Cuban Revolutionary Armed Forces. Founded 1966, it has 20 campuses in many cities, and is an official military high school. They provide pre-military training to students aged 11 to 17. They forge of more than 70% of officers and 50% of the generals and colonels in the FAR. It is named after Camilo Cienfuegos, a Cuban revolutionary who, along with Fidel Castro, Che Guevara, Juan Almeida Bosque, and Raúl Castro, took part in the 1956 Granma expedition. Unlike the Russian Suvorov Military Schools, they are co-educational, modeled on United States military high schools and preparatory pre-college institutes.

Landing of the Granma
Granma is a yacht that was used to transport 82 fighters of the Cuban Revolution from Mexico to Cuba in November 1956 to overthrow the regime of Fulgencio Batista. The 60-foot (18 m) diesel-powered vessel was built in 1943 by Wheeler Shipbuilding of Brooklyn, New York, as a light armored target practice boat, US Navy C-1994, and modified postwar to accommodate 12 people. "Granma", in English, is an affectionate term for a grandmother; the yacht is said to have been named for the previous owner's grandmother.
Iztok (river)
The Iztok (Bulgarian: Изток) is a river in south-western Bulgaria, a right tributary of the Mesta. The river is 16.5 km long and drains part of the northeastern sections of the Pirin mountain range. The Iztok takes its source from the Izvoro karst spring in the northern slopes of Pirin.

In its upper course, the river flows to the northeast and receives the tributaries of Rakovitsa on the right and Valevichka reka on the left. In the eastern suburbs of the town of Razlog, the Iztok receives its left tributaries Yazo and Bela Rreka, and turns to the southeast. Shortly before its confluence with the Mesta near the village of Banya, it receives its final tributaries, the Sedruch and Draglishka reka on left and the Glazne on the right.

Banya, Blagoevgrad Province
Banya is a village in Razlog Municipality, in Blagoevgrad Province, Bulgaria, laying 4 km to the east of the town of Razlog and at about the same distance to the north of the ski resort of Bansko.

Banya was first settled by the Thracians around the 4th century BC because of its thermal springs. Its mineral waters source at temperature ranging between 37 and 57 degrees Celsius are used for spa, recreational and industrial purposes. It is currently being developed into a spa and mountain resort with new hotels, restaurants and other tourist facilities emerging each season.
Element (UML)
In Unified Modeling Language (UML) 2.5.1, an Element
is "a constituent of a model. As such, it has the capability of owning other Elements."

In UML 2.4.1, an element is an abstract class with no superclass.
It is used as the superclass or base class, as known by object-oriented programmers, for all the metaclasses in the UML infrastructure library. All other elements in the UML inherit, directly or indirectly from Element. An Element has a derived composition association to itself to support the general capability for elements to own other elements. As such, it has no additional attributes as part of its specification.

Multiplicity (mathematics)
In mathematics, the multiplicity of a member of a multiset is the number of times it appears in the multiset.  For example, the number of times a given polynomial has a root at a given point is the multiplicity of that root.

The notion of multiplicity is important to be able to count correctly without specifying exceptions (for example, double roots counted twice).  Hence the expression, "counted with multiplicity".

If multiplicity is ignored, this may be emphasized by counting the number of distinct elements, as in "the number of distinct roots". However, whenever a set (as opposed to multiset) is formed, multiplicity is automatically ignored, without requiring use of the term "distinct".
Joey Maxwell
Joseph William Maxwell (November 5, 1904 – February 21, 1983) was an American football player and lawyer.

A native of Philadelphia, Maxwell attended Roman Catholic High School. He played college football at Notre Dame. He was the center in Notre Dame's "Seven Mules" line that also featured the backfield known as the Four Horsemen.

He played professional football in the National Football League (NFL) for the Frankford Yellow Jackets from 1927 to 1929. He played at the center and end positions and appeared in a total of 38 NFL games, 25 as a starter.

After retiring from football, he served as a coach for the 1931 Saint Louis Billikens football team. He received a law degree from Saint Louis University where he practiced law. He worked for Philco Ford Co. as a lawyer and later as labor relations director from 1946 to 1969. He lived in his later years in Glenside, Pennsylvania, where he collapsed and died in 1983.

Roman Catholic High School
The Roman Catholic High School of Philadelphia is a four-year private, Catholic high school for boys in Philadelphia. It was founded by Thomas E. Cahill in 1890 as the first free Catholic high school in the nation. The school is located at the intersection of Broad and Vine streets in Center City Philadelphia, and is managed by the Archdiocese of Philadelphia.