hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Poa
Poa is a genus of about 570 species of grasses, native to the temperate regions of both hemispheres. Common names include meadow-grass (mainly in Europe and Asia), bluegrass (mainly in North America), tussock (some New Zealand species), and speargrass. Poa (πόα) is Greek for 'fodder'. Poa are members of the subfamily Pooideae of the family Poaceae.

Bluegrass, which has green leaves, derives its name from the seed heads, which are blue when the plant is allowed to grow to its natural height of two to three feet (0.6 to 0.9 meters).

The genus Poa includes both annual and perennial species. Most are monoecious, but a few are dioecious (separate male and female plants). The leaves are narrow, folded or flat, sometimes bristled, and with the basal sheath flattened or sometimes thickened, with a blunt or hooded apex and membranaceous ligule.

Pooideae
The Pooideae are the largest subfamily of the grass family Poaceae, with about 4,000 species in 15 tribes and roughly 200 genera. They include some major cereals such as wheat, barley, oat, rye and many lawn and pasture grasses. They are often referred to as cool-season grasses, because they are distributed in temperate climates. All of them use the C3 photosynthetic pathway.

The Pooideae are the sister group of the bamboos within the BOP clade, and are themselves subdivided into 15 tribes.
Gunnar Harling
Gunnar Wilhelm Harling (7 June 1920, in Stockholm – 24 May 2010) was a Swedish botanist.

Harling earned his doctorate at the Stockholm University in 1951, was an assistant at the Bergius Botanic Garden from 1950 to 1952 and associate professor of botany at the Stockholm University 1951–1963. From 1964 he was professor of botany at the University of Gothenburg, and in 1974 became a member of the Academy of Sciences.

University of Gothenburg
The University of Gothenburg (Swedish: Göteborgs universitet) is a public university in Gothenburg, Sweden. Founded in 1891, the university is the third-oldest of the current Swedish universities and, with 53,624 students and 6,707 staff members, it is one of the largest universities in the Nordic countries.
Gage County Courthouse
Gage County Courthouse is a historic courthouse for Gage County, Nebraska at 612 Grant Street in the county seat Beatrice, Nebraska.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on January 10, 1990.

The building was designed by Gunn and Curtiss (Frederick C. Gunn and Louis Singleton Curtiss) and M.T. Murphy was the building contractor. It was built from 1890 until 1892 in a Richardsonian Romanesque architectural style. It was renovated in 2008.

Louis Curtiss
Louis Singleton Curtiss (July 1, 1865 – June 24, 1924) was a Canadian-born American architect. Notable as a pioneer of the curtain wall design, he was once described as "the Frank Lloyd Wright of Kansas City". In his career, he designed more than 200 buildings, though not all were realized. There are approximately 30 examples of his work still extant in Kansas City, Missouri where Curtiss spent his career, including his best known design, the Boley Clothing Company Building. Other notable works can be found throughout the American midwest.
József Teleki
Count József Teleki de Szék (24 October 1790 – 15 February 1855) was a Hungarian jurist and historian, who served as the first President of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences from 1830 until his death.

He was born into an old noble Calvinist family. He functioned as Governor of Transylvania between 1842 and 1848.

Hungarian Academy of Sciences
The Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Hungarian: Magyar Tudományos Akadémia [ˈmɒɟɒr ˈtudomaːɲoʃ ˈɒkɒdeːmijɒ], MTA) is Hungary’s foremost and most prestigious learned society. Its headquarters are located along the banks of the Danube in Budapest, between Széchenyi rakpart and Akadémia utca. The Academy's primary functions include the advancement of scientific knowledge, the dissemination of research findings, the support of research and development, and the representation of science in Hungary both domestically and around the world.
Henry Myers (shortstop)
Henry C. Myers (May, 1858 – April 18, 1895) was an American Major League Baseball player from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, who played mainly at shortstop for three seasons from 1881 to 1884.

After only playing one game for the Providence Grays during the 1881 season, he was part of the Baltimore Orioles of the American Association in 1882. The team had many players with little or no Major League experience, and like Myers, many were from the Philadelphia area. Besides playing shortstop for the Orioles, he was also the manager. They finished last, 14+1⁄2 games behind the 5th place team, with a 19–54 win–loss record. He would never manage again, and made a short playing appearance in 1884 for the Wilmington Quicksteps of the Union Association.

Henry died in Philadelphia at the age of 36, and was buried at Mount Vernon Cemetery.

Union Association
The Union Association was an American professional baseball league which competed with Major League Baseball, lasting for just the 1884 season. St. Louis won the pennant and joined the National League the following season.

Seven of the twelve teams who were in the Association at some point during the season did not play a full schedule: four teams folded during the season and were replaced, while  Chicago moved to Pittsburgh in late August.
Zhejiang Fujian Meeting Hall
The Zhejiang and Fujian Meeting Hall
(Chinese: 浙闽会馆; pinyin: Zhèmǐn Huìguǎn) is a historical Qing- Dynasty building in the City of Jinan, Shandong Province, China. It served as a meeting hall for traders form Zhejiang and Fujian living in Jinan and is the last remaining structure of its kind in the city. It illustrates the importance of Jinan as a trading center in the second half of the 19th century.

Provinces of China
Provinces (Chinese: 省; pinyin: Shěng) are the most numerous type of province-level divisions, the first-level subdivisions of the People's Republic of China (PRC). There are currently 22 provinces administered by the PRC, and one further province that is claimed but not administered, which is Taiwan.

The local governments of Chinese provinces consist of a Provincial People's Government headed by a governor that acts as the executive, a Provincial People's Congress with legislative powers, and a parallel provincial branch of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) that elects a party secretary and a provincial standing committee.
Unsolved!
Unsolved! The History and Mystery of the World’s Greatest Ciphers from Ancient Egypt to Online Secret Societies is a 2017 book by American mathematician and cryptologist Craig P. Bauer. The book explores the history and challenges of various unsolved ciphers, ranging from ancient scripts to modern codes and puzzles. The book also invites readers to try their hand at cracking the ciphers, offering clues and hints along the way. The book received positive reviews from critics and readers, who praised its engaging style, comprehensive coverage, and intriguing content.

Fenn treasure
The Fenn Treasure was a cache of gold and jewels that Forrest Fenn, an art dealer and author from Santa Fe, New Mexico, hid in the Rocky Mountains of the United States. It was found approximately a decade later in 2020 in Wyoming by an anonymous treasure hunter later revealed to be former journalist and medical student Jack Stuef. In attempting to honor what he perceives to be Fenn's wishes after his death in September 2020, he has refused to reveal the location of the treasure. An auction of items from the treasure chest in December 2022 resulted in $1.3 million in sales.
Snodgrass Island
Snodgrass Island is an island 2.5 nautical miles (4.6 km) long lying northeast of Pickwick Island, Pitt Islands, in the Biscoe Islands. Shown on an Argentine government chart of 1957. It was named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) in 1959 after the fictional character Augustus Snodgrass, a member of the Pickwick Club in Charles Dickens' The Pickwick Papers.

Biscoe Islands
Biscoe Islands is a series of islands, of which the principal ones are Renaud, Lavoisier (named Serrano by Chile and Mitre by Argentina), Watkins, Krogh, Pickwick and Rabot, lying parallel to the west coast of Graham Land and extending 150 km (81 nmi) between Southwind Passage on the northeast and Matha Strait on the southwest. Another group of islands are the Adolph Islands.

The islands are named for John Biscoe, the commander of an English expedition which explored the islands in March 1832.
Gene Augusterfer
Eugene Francis Augusterfer (October 4, 1913 – January 15, 1957) was an American football player and coach. He played professionally as a fullback and defensive back for the Pittsburgh Pirates of the National Football League (NFL) in 1935. Augusterfer served as head football coach at Arkansas Agricultural and Mechanical College—now known as the University of Arkansas at Monticello—from 1943 to 1944 and at his alma mater, Catholic University, in 1947. Augusterfer died on January 15, 1957, following a year-long illness. He was buried at Arlington National Cemetery.

University of Arkansas at Monticello
The University of Arkansas at Monticello (UAM) is a public university in Monticello, Arkansas, United States, with Colleges of Technology in Crossett and McGehee. UAM is part of the University of Arkansas System and offers master's degrees, baccalaureate degrees, and associate degrees. The city is in the Arkansas Timberlands, and UAM is home to the state's only School of Forest Resources.

The university is governed by the University of Arkansas Board of Trustees, which also oversees the operation of universities and other post-secondary educational institutions in Batesville, DeQueen, Fayetteville, Fort Smith, Helena, Hope, Little Rock, Morrilton, and Pine Bluff, Arkansas.

UAM offers in-state tuition rates not only to Arkansas residents but also to regional residents of Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Oklahoma, Missouri, and Tennessee.
David Jolley
David Jolley is a horn soloist and chamber musician.

Jolley studied at the Juilliard School in New York. Primarily known for playing the Classical repertoire, Jolley also plays modern music. His discography includes a recording of two Mozart horn concertos with the Orpheus Chamber Orchestra.  He is currently on the faculty of Mannes School of Music, Manhattan School of Music, and Queens College, City University of New York.

In 1983, he performed with the Naumburg Orchestral Concerts, in the Naumburg Bandshell, Central Park, in the summer series.

Horn (instrument)
A horn is any of a family of musical instruments made of a tube, usually made of metal and often curved in various ways, with one narrow end into which the musician blows, and a wide end from which sound emerges. In horns, unlike some other brass instruments such as the trumpet, the bore gradually increases in width through most of its length—that is to say, it is conical rather than cylindrical. In jazz and popular-music contexts, the word may be used loosely to refer to any wind instrument, and a section of brass or woodwind instruments, or a mixture of the two, is called a horn section in these contexts.
Centro de Inteligencia de las Fuerzas Armadas
The Centro de Inteligencia de las Fuerzas Armadas, known as CIFAS is a Spanish intelligence agency, part of the Defence Staff (EMAD).  It has the function of providing the Chief of the Defence Staff, the Ministry of Defence and the Prime Minister with information on risk situations and crises from abroad. It is led by a director with the rank of general.

It is a unique and joint body of the Spanish Armed Forces in matters of military intelligence; it controls the systems of intelligence and electronic warfare, maintaining the intelligence centers of the Army, Navy and Air Force, functional dependence on the CIFAS. Founded in 2004, it replaces the former Intelligence Division of the Defence Staff.

Electronic warfare
Electromagnetic warfare or electronic warfare (EW) is warfare involving the use of the electromagnetic spectrum (EM spectrum) or directed energy to control the spectrum, attack an enemy, or impede enemy operations. The purpose of electromagnetic warfare is to deny the opponent the advantage of—and ensure friendly unimpeded access to—the EM spectrum. Electromagnetic warfare can be applied from air, sea, land, or space by crewed and uncrewed systems and can target communication, radar, or other military and civilian assets.
Val-d'Arcomie
Val-d'Arcomie (French pronunciation: [val daʁkɔmi]; Auvergnat: Val d'Arcòmia) is a commune in the Cantal department of southern France. The municipality was established on 1 January 2016 and consists of the former communes of Loubaresse, Faverolles, Saint-Just and Saint-Marc.

Cantal
Cantal (French pronunciation: [kɑ̃tal] ⓘ; Occitan: Cantal or Cantau) is a rural department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of France, with its prefecture in Aurillac. Its other principal towns are Saint-Flour (the episcopal see) and Mauriac; its residents are known as Cantalians (French: Cantaliens / Cantaliennes or Cantalous / Cantaloues). Cantal borders the departments of Puy-de-Dôme, Haute-Loire, Aveyron, Lot, Lozère and Corrèze, in the Massif Central natural region.

Along with neighbouring Lozère and Creuse, Cantal is among the most sparsely populated and geographically isolated departments of France and Aurillac is the departmental capital farthest removed from a major motorway. It had a population of 144,692 in 2019, making it the country's 98th most populated department. Of the 96 metropolitan departments, it is the fifth least populated.
Vy från ett luftslott
"Vy från ett luftslott" (Swedish for View From a Castle in the Air) is the fourth and final single released from the album Tillbaka till samtiden, by the Swedish alternative rock band Kent. This is a one-track single featuring a remix of "Vy från ett luftslott" by Punks Jump Up. It was first released as a free download on Kent's website on 15 June 2008, then on CD on 2 July 2008.

Tillbaka till samtiden
Tillbaka till samtiden (Swedish for Back to the Present) is the seventh studio album by Swedish alternative rock band Kent. It was released on 17 October 2007 in Scandinavia through RCA Records and Sony BMG. The album is produced with Danish producer Joshua. The title means "Back to the Present", a pun on the Swedish translated title of Back to the Future (Tillbaka till framtiden).
Transistor fault
Transistor Fault model is a Fault model used to describe faults for CMOS logic gates. At transistor level, a transistor may be stuck-short or stuck-open. In stuck-short, a transistor behaves as it is always conducts (or stuck-on), and stuck-open is when a transistor never conducts current (or stuck-off). Stuck-short will usually produce a short between VDD and VSS.

In the example picture, a faulty PMOS transistor in a CMOS NAND Gate is shown (M3-highlighted transistor). If M3 is stuck-open, then in case we apply A=1 and B=0  then the output of the circuit will become Z. And if M3 is stuck-short, then the output will always be connected to 1, and it also may short VCC to GND in case we apply A=B=1.

PMOS logic
PMOS or pMOS logic, from p-channel metal–oxide–semiconductor, is a family of digital circuits based on p-channel, enhancement mode metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs). In the late 1960s and early 1970s, PMOS logic was the dominant semiconductor technology for large-scale integrated circuits before being superseded by NMOS and CMOS devices.
1975 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship
The 1975 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship was the 89th staging of the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier inter-county Gaelic football tournament. The championship began on 25 May 1975 and ended on 28 September 1975.

Dublin were the defending champions. London fielded a team in the senior championship for the first time.

On 28 September 1975, Kerry won the championship following a 2–12 to 0–11 defeat of Dublin in the All-Ireland final. This was their 23rd All-Ireland title, their first in five championship seasons.

Dublin's Jimmy Keaveney was the championship's top scorer with 1–38. Kerry's John O'Keeffe was the choice for Texaco Footballer of the Year.

London GAA
The London County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) or London GAA is one of the county boards outside Ireland, and is responsible for Gaelic games in London. The county board is also responsible for the London county teams and schools.

The county football team compete in the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship on an annual basis, the only English-based team to do so. They participate in the Connacht Senior Football Championship, as the Irish community in London is considered as part of the province of Connacht.

The county hurling team competed in the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, but having been relegated during the preliminary group stage of the Leinster Championship in the 2014 season, the team currently plays in the third tier Christy Ring Cup.
South Alloa
South Alloa is a small village which lies in the far north of the Falkirk council area of Scotland. The village is on the south bank of the River Forth where the river empties and widens to form the Firth of Forth.

To the west of the village lies the island of Alloa Inch, and directly to the north across the Forth is the town of Alloa, located 0.8 miles (1.3 km) away. Upstream and 5 miles (8.0 km) west-northwest is the city of Stirling and 7.3 miles (11.7 km) south is Falkirk, the principal town of the Falkirk council area. It lies just inside the council boundary line between Falkirk and Stirling councils.

The village lies off the A905 road between Dunmore and Throsk. The village is at a former ferry crossing point across the River Forth to Alloa. Between 1850 and 1885 South Alloa railway station was the terminus of a line originally built by Scottish Central Railway.

The village had 112 residents in 2011, a 49% increase since the 2001 census.

Alloa Inch
Inch or Alloa Inch (Scottish Gaelic: innis, island) is an island in the tidal reaches of the River Forth near Alloa, just before the river opens out into the Firth of Forth.

There is a derelict farmhouse on the island, as the land was farmed in the past. Due to subsidence caused by nearby coal mining, flood defences were breached. The land now consists of reed beds and salt marshes.

The Scottish Wildlife Trust has managed the island as a reserve since 1996. The smaller islet of Tullibody Inch lies just upstream.
Muin-ud-din Ahmad Khan
Muin-ud-din Ahmad Khan (April 18, 1926 - March 28, 2021) was a Bangladeshi historian, and professor of Islamic history and culture at the University of Chittagong. He served as the founder Vice-chancellor of Southern University Bangladesh and the first Director General of Islamic Foundation Bangladesh.

Islamic Foundation Bangladesh
Islamic Foundation Bangladesh (Bengali: ইসলামিক ফাউন্ডেশন বাংলাদেশ) is a government organization under the Ministry of Religious Affairs in Bangladesh working to disseminate values and ideals of Islam and carry out activities related to those values and ideals. The head office of the foundation is in Dhaka, which is supported by 6 divisional offices and 64 district offices, as well as 7 Imam Training Academy Centers and 29 Islamic Mission Centers. The director general is the chief executive of the foundation.
Calgary Storm Prospects
Calgary Storm Prospects (formerly the Calgary Storm Select) were a Canadian soccer team who played in the Premier Development League, the fourth tier of the American Soccer Pyramid in 2002 and 2003. The team was the official development team of the Calgary Storm of the USL A-League. They played their home games at Glenmore Park Stadium.

United States soccer league system
The United States soccer league system is a series of professional and amateur soccer leagues based, in whole or in part, in the United States. Although sometimes called the American soccer pyramid, teams and leagues are not linked by a system of promotion and relegation as is common in other countries. Instead, the United States Soccer Federation (USSF or U.S. Soccer) defines professional leagues in three levels, called divisions, with all other leagues sanctioned by the USSF not having an official designated level or division.

For practical and historical reasons, some teams from Bermuda, Canada, and Puerto Rico (considered a separate country by FIFA) can also compete in these leagues. However, these teams are not eligible for the U.S. Open Cup and cannot represent the United States in the CONCACAF Champions Cup because they are not affiliated with U.S. Soccer.
Yernagudem
Yernagudem is a village located in the Devarapalle mandal, West Godavari District. It is a junction of 4 roads to cities Eluru, and Rajahmundry and towns Nidadavole, Jangareddygudem. Because of this, it's a popular village for commuting passengers. Yernagudem was once served as taluka.

It was the place where emerging writer and singer Andey Sai keerthana was born. Her mother's maiden name is Potula which is well known in the whole village.

Nidadavolu
Nidadavolu is a town in East Godavari district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is a Newly declared special grade municipality and the mandal headquarters of Nidadavolu mandal in Kovvur revenue division.
Heregel
Heregel or Herogeel   (Somali: Xerogeel, Arabic: حرجيل), is a town located in the western Fafan Zone in the Somali region of Ethiopia in the Awbare district. Jijiga is 48 km south of Heregel, whereas Awbare is 46 km northeast of Heregel.

Jijiga
Jijiga (Somali: Jigjiga, Amharic: ጅጅጋ, Jijiga) is the capital city of Somali Region, Ethiopia. It became the capital of the Somali Region in 1995 after it was moved from Gode. Located in the Fafan Zone with 75 km (37 mi) west of the border with Somaliland, the city has an elevation of 1,634 metres above sea level. Jigjiga is traditionally the seat of the Bartire Garad Wiil-Waal of the Jidwaaq Absame. The International airport is named after him.
Politics of the Bahamas
The Bahamas is a parliamentary constitutional monarchy headed by King Charles III in his role as King of the Bahamas. The politics of the Bahamas takes place within a framework of parliamentary democracy, with a Prime Minister as the Head of Government. The Bahamas is an Independent Country and a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. As a former British colony, its political and legal traditions closely follow those of the United Kingdom. King Charles III is the head of state, but executive power is exercised by the cabinet. Legislative power is vested in the two chambers of parliament. The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature and jurisprudence is based on English common law. 
The multi-party system is dominated by the Progressive Liberal Party and the Free National Movement. The constitution protects freedom of speech, press, worship, movement, and association.

Free National Movement
The Free National Movement (abbreviated FNM) is a political party in the Bahamas formed in the early 1970s and led by Sir Cecil Wallace-Whitfield. The current leader of the party is Michael Pintard and the current deputy leader is Shanendon Cartwright.

The Free National Movement first came to power in 1992 after contesting numerous general elections without success. The party swept the 2017 general election, winning 35 of the 39 seats in the Legislature, but won only 7 seats in 2021, 28 seats less than it had won in the 2017 elections. In 2025 the FNM was reduced to 6 seats after Central Grand Bahama MP Iram Lewis left the party to join COI .