hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1945 French constitutional referendum in Chad–Ubangi-Shari
A constitutional referendum was held in Chad and Ubangi-Shari on 21 October 1945 as part of the wider French constitutional referendum. Both questions were approved by large margins. Voter turnout was 68%.

French Chad
Chad was a part of the French colonial empire from 1900 to 1960. Colonial rule under the French began in 1900 when the Military Territory of Chad was established. From 1905, Chad was linked to the federation of French colonial possessions in Middle Africa, known from 1910 under the name of French Equatorial Africa. Chad passed in 1920 to French civilian administration, but suffered from chronic neglect.

Chad distinguished itself in 1940 for being, under the governorship of Félix Éboué, the first French colony to rally by the side of Free France. After World War II, the French permitted a limited amount of representation of the African population, ushering in a political clash between the progressive and southern-based Chadian Progressive Party (PPT) and the Islamic conservative Chadian Democratic Union (UDT). It was eventually the PPT which emerged victorious and brought the country to independence in 1960 under the leadership of François Tombalbaye.
Japanese Federation of Synthetic Chemistry Workers' Unions
The Japanese Federation of Synthetic Chemistry Workers' Unions (Japanese: 合成化学産業労働組合連合, Gokaroren) was a trade union representing workers in the chemical industry in Japan.

The union was founded in 1950, with the merger of two unions representing ammonium sulfate and phosphate workers.  The same year, it was a founding affiliate of the General Council of Trade Unions of Japan (Sohyo).  From 1953 until 1957, it was chaired by Ōta Kaoru.  By 1967, it had 121,324 members.

The union was affiliated with the Japanese Trade Union Confederation from the late 1980s, and by 1996, it had 91,242 members.  The All Japan Chemistry Workers' Union split away in 1987, but merged with Goka Roren in 1998 to form the Japanese Federation of Chemistry Workers' Unions.

RENGO
The Japanese Trade Union Confederation (日本労働組合総連合会, Nihon Rōdōkumiai Sōrengōkai; abbreviated JTUC), commonly known as RENGO (連合, Rengō; lit. 'union'), is the largest national trade union center in Japan, with over six million members as of 2011. It was founded in 1989 as a result of the merger of the Japan Confederation of Labor (Dōmei), the Federation of Independent Unions (Chūritsu Rōren) and the National Federation Of Industrial Organisations (Shinsanbetsu). In 1990, the General Council of Trade Unions of Japan (Sohyo) also joined RENGO.

As of July 2012, RENGO has 54 affiliate unions and 47 local organizations.
John Vornholt
John Blair Vornholt (born February 14, 1951) is an American author, screenwriter and journalist.

As an author, he has written numerous media tie-ins, including many Star Trek novels.  As a screenwriter, he worked on several animated children's series of the 1980s, including Ghostbusters, Dennis the Menace and Beverly Hills Teens.  As a journalist, he has worked as lead writer for The Hollywood Reporter and Tucson Weekly.

Tucson Weekly
The Tucson Weekly is an alternative newsweekly that was founded in 1984 by Douglas Biggers and Mark Goehring, and serves the Tucson, Arizona, metropolitan area of about 1,000,000 residents.

The paper is a member of the Association of Alternative Newsmedia. New issues arrive at kiosks throughout Tucson every Wednesday. Jim Nintzel is the current editor. Staff members include Logan Burtch-Buus, Tirion Morris, Christopher Boan, Jeff Gardner, Kathleen Kunz and Chelo Grubb.
Bobbi Bacha
Bobbi Bacha is a Texas private investigator portrayed in 2004 TV Sony Pictures Movie Suburban Madness played by actress Sela Ward. Bacha also was involved and worked on the case of New York millionaire Robert Durst who was charged with murder in Galveston, Texas for killing his neighbor Morris Black but was found not guilty by a Galveston County Jury.

Bacha has been mentioned in several books:

A Deadly Secret by Matt Birkbeck

With Out a Trace by Marion Collins

Out of Control by Steve Long

Celebrity Murders

Magazine features Texas Monthly by Skip Hollandsworth article Suburban Madness, 002 Magazine, article Bayou City Blues and August 2008 article Snap. Bobbi Bacha has also been featured on 48 Hours, Dateline, Inside Edition, Good Morning America, The Early Show, Court TV, The O'Reilly Factor, CNN, Fox News, CBS, ABC as well as other national and world press.

Court TV
Court TV is an American digital broadcast network and former pay-television channel. It was originally launched in 1991 with a focus on crime-themed programs such as true crime documentary series, legal analysis talk shows, and live news coverage of prominent criminal cases. In 2008, the original cable channel became TruTV.

The channel relaunched on May 8, 2019, as a digital broadcast television network owned by Scripps Networks, a subsidiary of the E. W. Scripps Company. Court TV is also available via streaming and FAST such as YouTube TV and The Roku Channel, but its audio feed is also available on Sirius XM channel 793.
Brown Shoes Don't Make It
"Brown Shoes Don't Make It" is a song by The Mothers of Invention, written by band leader Frank Zappa. It is the penultimate song on the second album Absolutely Free. The song is one of his most widely renowned works, described by AllMusic as "Zappa's first real masterpiece".

Absolutely Free
Absolutely Free is the second album by American rock band the Mothers of Invention, released on May 26, 1967, by Verve Records. Much like their 1966 debut Freak Out!, the album blends complex musical composition with political and social satire. Its blend of jazz, classical, avant-garde and rock idioms within multi-sectional, suite-like compositions, referred to on the album cover as two “oratorios” (with librettos available by mail order), is seen as an important and influential precursor to progressive rock and rock operas. The band had been augmented since Freak Out! by the addition of woodwinds player Bunk Gardner, keyboardist Don Preston, rhythm guitarist Jim Fielder, and drummer Billy Mundi; Fielder quit the group before the album was released, and his name was removed from the album credits.
Salvia recognita
Salvia recognita is a woody-based perennial that is endemic to central Turkey, typically growing in light shade at the base of cliffs, at elevations of less than 4,000 feet (1,200 m). This species has been reported to contain salvinorin A. However, this report has not been replicated, and a previous study of 441 Salvia species from many regions found salvinorin A only in Salvia divinorum, from Mexico.

A mass of divided leaves forms a small to medium basal clump, with leaves ranging in size from 3-4 inches to nearly 1 foot long, with three or more leaflets. The light green leaves are covered with thick hairs, giving it a grayish cast and thick texture, with each leaf blade having a wine-colored petiole. The flowers are cyclamen-pink, growing in whorls, with calyces that are covered in glands and hairs. The flower stalks reach 2–3 feet long, with many whorls of widely spaced flowers.

Cyclamen
Cyclamen (US: /ˈsaɪkləmən/ SY-klə-mən or UK: /ˈsɪkləmən/ SIK-lə-mən) is a genus of 25 species of perennial flowering plants in the family Primulaceae. In English, it is known by the common names sowbread or swinebread. Cyclamen species are native to Europe and the Mediterranean Basin east to the Caucasus and Iran, with one species in Somalia.  They grow from tubers and are valued for their flowers with upswept petals and variably patterned leaves.
Çınarköy, Musabeyli
Çınarköy is a village in the Musabeyli District, Kilis Province, Turkey. The village had a population of 252 in 2022.

In late 19th century, German orientalist Martin Hartmann listed the village as a settlement of 20 houses inhabited by Turks.

Musabeyli District
Musabeyli District is a district of Kilis Province of Turkey. Its seat is the town Musabeyli. The district is mostly populated by Turks but also Kurds, Romani people and Arabs. It had a total population of 12,390 in 2022. Its area is 346 km2.
Idol Makers
Idol Makers was a hip-hop collective and management group founded and led by producer Hurby "Luv Bug" Azor in the late 1980s.

The group consisted of several prominent artists from the golden age of hip-hop, including Salt-N-Pepa, Kid 'n Play, Dana Dane, Sweet Tee, Kwamé, Antoinette, DJ Clark Kent, Joeski Love, and Super Lovers.

Known for their lighthearted, fun, and innovative contributions to rap music, with a focus on stylish presentation, club culture, and storytelling, Idol Makers played a significant role in shaping the sound of hip-hop during the late 1980s and early 1990s.

Super Lovers
Super Lovers (stylized in all caps) is a Japanese yaoi manga series published in the magazine Emerald by Miyuki Abe. An anime adaptation premiered in April 2016. A second season premiered in January 2017.
Florian G. Kaiser
Florian G. Kaiser is a Swiss psychologist. From 2008 to 2025, he was professor of personality and social psychology at the Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg in Germany, serving as chair of its department of personality and social psychology. October 2, 2025, he held his farewell lecture A View Beyond: Insights into the Unobservable.

Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg
The Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg (English pronunciationⓘ;  German: Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg listenⓘ; OVGU) is a public research university founded in 1993 and located in Magdeburg, the capital city of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. The university has about 13,000 students across nine faculties.

The university is named after the physicist and former mayor of Magdeburg Otto von Guericke. The main research areas of the university are in the process engineering, neurosciences, biosystems technology, disease prevention, automotive research, digital engineering and renewable energies.

One of the best-known alumni and professors is the Leibniz Prize winner Axel Ockenfels.
Beaulac-Garthby
Beaulac-Garthby is a municipality in Municipalité régionale de comté des Appalaches in Quebec, Canada. It is part of the Chaudière-Appalaches region and the population is 931 as of 2021. The municipality, located on Lake Aylmer, was created in 2000 following the amalgamation of the village of Beaulac and the township of Garthby.

Classification of municipalities in Quebec
The following is a list of the types of local and supralocal territorial units in Quebec, Canada, including those used solely for statistical purposes, as defined by the Ministry of Municipal Affairs, Regions and Land Occupancy and compiled by the Institut de la statistique du Québec

Not included are the urban agglomerations in Quebec, which, although they group together multiple municipalities, exercise only what are ordinarily local municipal powers.

A list of local municipal units in Quebec by regional county municipality can be found at List of municipalities in Quebec.
Hamaoka, Shizuoka
Hamaoka (浜岡町, Hamaoka-chō) was a town located in Ogasa District, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan.

As of March 1, 2004, the town had an estimated population of 24,774 and a density of 462.5 persons per km2. The total area was 53.57 km2.

Hamaoka was founded as a town in 1955 through the merger of Ikeshinden Town with Sakura, Kitaki, Asahina and Niino Villages.

On April 1, 2004, Hamaoka, along with the former town of Omaezaki (from Haibara District), was merged to create the city of Omaezaki.

Hamaoka is noted as the site of the Hamaoka Nuclear Power Plant operated by Chubu Electric Power.

Chubu Electric Power
Chubu Electric Power Co., Inc. (Japanese: 中部電力株式会社, Chūbu Denryoku Kabushiki Kaisha), abbreviated as Chuden in Japanese, is a Japanese electric utilities provider for the middle Chūbu region of the Honshu island of Japan.  It provides electricity at 60 Hz, though an area of Nagano Prefecture uses 50 Hz. Chubu Electric Power ranks third among Japan's largest electric utilities in terms of power generation capacity, electric energy sold, and annual revenue. It is also one of Nagoya's "four influential companies" along with Meitetsu, Matsuzakaya, and Toho Gas. Recently, the company has also expanded into the business of optical fibers. On January 1, 2006, a new company, Chubu Telecommunications, was formed.
1953 Volta a Catalunya
The 1953 Volta a Catalunya was the 33rd edition of the Volta a Catalunya cycle race and was held from 6 September to 13 September 1953. The race started in Montjuïc and finished in Barcelona. The race was won by Salvador Botella.

Salvador Botella
Salvador Botella Rodrigo (March 27, 1929 – December 18, 2006) was a Spanish road bicycle racer, who competed as a professional from 1953 to 1962. He won the Volta a Catalunya in 1953 and 1959. He participated in 19 Grand Tours, including eight editions of the Vuelta a España, seven of the Giro d'Italia, and four of the Tour de France. He won the Points classification in 1958 Vuelta a España.
Teodor Talowski
Teodor Marian Talowski (born 23 March 1857 in Zasów; died 1 May 1910 in Lviv) was a Polish architect and painter.  Because of his style, which combined late Historicism with Art Nouveau and Modernist influences, he has been described as "the Polish Gaudi". His works include apartment buildings, churches, chapels and public buildings in Kraków, Lviv and other cities throughout former Austrian Galicia.

Wadowice Górne
Wadowice Górne (Polish pronunciation: [vadɔˈvit͡sɛ ˈɡurnɛ]) is a village in Mielec County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Wadowice Górne.
Alexandria International 2015
The Alexandria International 2015 is the women's edition of the 2015 Alexandria International, which is a tournament of the PSA World Tour event International (Prize money : 100 000 $). The event took place at the Library of Alexandria in Alexandria in Egypt from 4 June to 10 June. Raneem El Weleily won her first Alexandria International trophy, beating Omneya Abdel Kawy in the final.

Raneem El Weleily
Raneem Mohamed Yasser Saad El Din El Welily (Arabic: رَنِيم مُحَمَّد يَاسِر سَعْد الدِّين الْوَلِيلِيّ; born 1 January 1989, in Alexandria, Egypt) is a former professional squash player from Egypt. She reached a career-high world ranking of No. 1 in September 2015. She is a three-time finalist at the World Open, in 2014, 2016, and 2019-2020. She became the World Champion in 2017, after defeating her compatriot Nour El Sherbini in the finals.
Walsh matrix
In mathematics, a Walsh matrix is a specific square matrix of dimensions 2n, where n is some particular natural number. The entries of the matrix are either +1 or −1 and its rows as well as columns are orthogonal. The Walsh matrix was proposed by Joseph L. Walsh in 1923.  Each row of a Walsh matrix corresponds to a Walsh function.

The Walsh matrices are a special case of Hadamard matrices where the rows are rearranged so that the number of sign changes in a row is in increasing order. In short, a Hadamard matrix  is defined by the recursive formula below and is naturally ordered, whereas a Walsh matrix is sequency-ordered. Confusingly, different sources refer to either matrix as the Walsh matrix.

The Walsh matrix (and Walsh functions) are used in computing the Walsh transform and have applications in the efficient implementation of certain signal processing operations.

Orthogonality
Orthogonality is a term with various meanings depending on the context.

In mathematics, orthogonality is the generalization of the geometric notion of perpendicularity. Although many authors use the two terms perpendicular and orthogonal interchangeably, the term perpendicular is more specifically used for lines and planes that intersect to form a right angle, whereas orthogonal is used in generalizations, such as orthogonal vectors or orthogonal curves.

The term is also used in other fields like physics, art, computer science, statistics, and economics.
Coleophora silenella
Coleophora silenella is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. It is found in most of Europe, except Fennoscandia, Ireland, Greece, Portugal and Ukraine.

The wingspan is 14–19 mm (0.55–0.75 in). They are on wing from June to August.

The larvae feed on the seeds of Silene otites, Silene densiflora, Silene nutans, Oberna behen and Viscaria vulgaris.

Silene vulgaris
Silene vulgaris, the bladder campion or maidenstears, is a plant species of the genus Silene within the family Caryophyllaceae. Native to the Old World, the plant has been naturalized elsewhere, including North America. The young shoots and leaves are edible.
Abul Fashafish
Abul Fashafish (Arabic: أبو الفشافيش)  is a Syrian village located in Uqayribat Subdistrict in Salamiyah District, Hama.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Abul Fashafish had a population of 480 in the 2004 census.

Uqayribat Subdistrict
Uqayribat Subdistrict (Arabic: ناحية عقيربات)  is a Syrian nahiyah (subdistrict) located in Salamiyah District in Hama.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Uqayribat Subdistrict had a population of 21,004 in the 2004 census.
Steak tartare
Steak tartare, or tartar steak, is a French dish of raw ground (minced) beef. It is usually served with onions, capers, parsley or chive, salt, pepper, Worcestershire sauce and other seasonings, often presented separately, to be added to taste. It is commonly served topped with a raw egg yolk. It is similar to Piedmontese battuta al coltello, as well as Levantine kibbeh nayyeh, Ethiopian kitfo, Turkish çiğ köfte, German Mett and Korean yukhoe.

The name tartare is sometimes generalized to other raw meat or fish dishes. In France, a less-common variant called tartare aller-retour is a mound of mostly raw ground meat lightly seared on both sides.

Ethiopian cuisine
Ethiopian cuisine (Amharic: የኢትዮጵያ ምግብ, Ye-Ītyōṗṗyā məgəb) characteristically consists of vegetable and often very spicy meat dishes. This is usually in the form of wat, a thick stew, served on top of injera (እንጀራ), a large sourdough flatbread, which is about 50 centimeters (20 inches) in diameter and made out of fermented teff flour. Ethiopians usually eat with their right hands, using pieces of injera to pick up bites of entrées and side dishes.

The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church prescribes a number of fasting periods known as tsom (Ge'ez: ጾም, ṣōm),  including all Wednesdays and Fridays and the whole Lenten season (including fifteen days outside Lent proper). Per Oriental Orthodox tradition, the faithful may not consume any kind of animal products (including dairy products and eggs) during fasts; therefore, Ethiopian cuisine contains many dishes that are vegan.
Uibhist a Tuath (ward)
Uibhist a Tuath (Scottish Gaelic for 'North Uist') is one of the 11 wards of Comhairle nan Eilean Siar (Scottish Gaelic for 'Council of the Western Isles'). Created in 2022, the ward elects two councillors using the single transferable vote electoral system and covers an area with a population of 1,616 people.

Comhairle nan Eilean Siar
Comhairle nan Eilean Siar (Scottish Gaelic for 'Council of the Western Isles'; Scottish Gaelic pronunciation: [ˈkʰõ.ərˠʎə nə ˈɲelan ˈʃiəɾ]) is the local authority for Na h-Eileanan an Iar (the Western Isles, also known as the Outer Hebrides), one of the 32 council areas of Scotland. It is based in Stornoway on the Isle of Lewis.
Pedro Eustache
Pedro Eustache (born August 18, 1959), also known by the nickname "Flute Guy", is a Venezuelan flutist, reed player, woodwind player, composer, instrument maker, and collector.

Born and raised in Caracas, Venezuela, he has worked as a composer for various feature films and video games, and as a soloist for live concerts.

He gained notoriety online after his enthusiastic musical performance for the annual arrangement combining various melodies from Game Of The Year candidates, most notably Xenoblade Chronicles 3, at The Game Awards 2022, being often referred to as "Flute Guy" online.

Solo (music)
In music, a solo (Italian for 'alone') is a piece or a section of a piece played or sung featuring a single performer, who may be performing completely alone or supported by an accompanying instrument such as a piano or organ, a continuo group (in Baroque music), or the rest of a choir, orchestra, band, or other ensemble. Performing a solo is "to solo", and the performer is known as a soloist.

The plural is soli or the anglicised form solos. In some contexts these are interchangeable, but soli tends to be restricted to classical music, and mostly either the solo performers or the solo passages in a single piece. Furthermore, the word soli can be used to refer to a small number of simultaneous parts assigned to single players in an orchestral composition. In the Baroque concerto grosso, the term for such a group of soloists was concertino.

An instrumental solo is often used in popular music during a break or bridge to add interest and variety to a part of the song without lyrics.
Glandularia aristigera
Glandularia aristigera (syns. Verbena aristigera and Verbena tenuisecta), variously called the moss verbena, desert verbena, fine leafed verbena, wild verbena, tuber vervain, South American mock vervain, Mayne's curse and Mayne's pest, is a species of flowering plant in the family Verbenaceae. It is native to Bolivia, southern Brazil, northern Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay. It has been widely introduced to the rest of the world's drier tropics and subtropics, including California, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Venezuela, Greece, Nigeria, eastern and southern Africa, India, and all of Australia except Tasmania.

Verbenaceae
The Verbenaceae (/ˌvɜːrbəˈneɪsi.iː/ VUR-bə-NAY-see-ee), the verbena family or vervain family, is a family of mainly tropical flowering plants. It contains trees, shrubs, and herbs notable for heads, spikes, or clusters of small flowers, many of which have an aromatic smell.

The family Verbenaceae includes 32 genera and 800 species. Phylogenetic studies have shown that numerous genera traditionally classified in Verbenaceae belong instead in Lamiaceae. The mangrove genus Avicennia, sometimes placed in the Verbenaceae or in its own family, Avicenniaceae, has been placed in the Acanthaceae.

Economically important Verbenaceae include:

Lemon verbena (Aloysia triphylla), grown for aroma or flavoring

Verbenas or vervains (Verbena), some used in herbalism, others grown in gardens
Fernanda Ferreira (volleyball)
Fernanda Cristina Ferreira (born January 10, 1980), known as Fernandinha, is a Brazilian retired professional volleyball player. She played for the Brazilian national team as a setter. She won a gold medal with the national team at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, United Kingdom.

Brazil women's national volleyball team
The Brazil women's national volleyball team is administered by the Confederação Brasileira de Voleibol (CBV) and takes part in international volleyball competitions. With a tally of 46 titles the Brazil women's volleyball national team is one of the most successful national teams of all time. They have won 6 olympic medals including two gold medals, in the 2008 Summer Olympics and in 2012 Summer Olympics. They also hold the record of FIVB World Grand Prix championship titles having won the competition 12 times. In regional competitions they have won gold four times in the Pan American Games, and have 23 titles in the Women's South American Volleyball Championship.

The most successful coaches for Brazil are Bernardo Rezende, who led the team from 1990 to 2000, and José Roberto Guimarães, who has managed the team since 2004. Currently the team is ranked second in the FIVB World Rankings as of June 2025.