hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
DCM Ventures
DCM Ventures (commonly DCM, formerly Doll Capital Management) is an American venture capital firm headquartered in Menlo Park, California specializing in early-stage investments in private technology companies. The firm is regarded as one of the first American venture capital firms to invest in early-stage technology companies in Japan, China, South Korea, Southeast Asia, and other emerging markets, starting in 1999. As of 2025, the firm has approximately US$4.5 billion in assets under management.

Notable successful investments made by the firm include SoFi, Bill.com, Matterport, Kuaishou, Hims & Hers Health, Careem, TikTok (by way of Musical.ly), and Vipshop.

Vipshop
Vipshop (Chinese: 唯品会; pinyin: Wei Pin Hui) is a Chinese company that operates the e-commerce website VIP.com (formerly Vipshop.com) specializing in online discount sales. Vipshop is based out of Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, and was listed on New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) on March 23, 2012.

As of 2017, Vipshop had 52.1 million customers, and there were 269.8 million orders for the year 2016. Following Tmall and JD.com, it became the third largest e-commerce site in China.

According to the US Fortune magazine, VIP.com ranked the 115th in its 2017 China 500 listing as well as the top 3 B2C e-commerce retailer. The 2017 Top 250 Global Powers of Retailing co-authored by Deloitte and STORES Media listed VIP.com as the world's fastest growing retailer. And in BrandZ™ Top 100 Most Valuable Chinese Brands 2017, VIP.com ranked 40th.
Tupper Lake, New York
Tupper Lake is a town in the southwest corner of Franklin County, New York, United States. The population was 5,147 at the 2020 census. The town contains a village also called Tupper Lake. Until July 2004, the town was known as "Altamont", not to be confused with the village of Altamont in Albany County.

St. Lawrence County, New York
St. Lawrence County is the northernmost county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 108,505. The county seat is Canton.
The county is named for the Saint Lawrence River. This was as named by early French explorer Jacques Cartier for the Christian saint Lawrence of Rome, as he visited the river on the saint's feast day. The county is part of the North Country region of the state.

St. Lawrence County comprises the Ogdensburg-Massena, NY Micropolitan Statistical Area and is New York's largest county by area.
Domestic partnership in Washington (state)
State-registered domestic partnerships (SRDP) in Washington were created in 2007 following the Andersen v. King County decision. Subsequent legislation made an SRDP the equivalent of marriage under state law. As a result of the legalization of same-sex marriage in the state, starting on June 30, 2014, SRDPs became available only when at least one of the partners was sixty-two years of age or older.

Christine Gregoire
Christine Gregoire (/ˈɡrɛɡwɑːr/; née O'Grady; born March 24, 1947) is an American attorney and politician who served as the 22nd governor of Washington, from 2005 to 2013. A member of the Democratic Party, she defeated Republican candidate Dino Rossi in 2004 and 2008, the first of which was the closest gubernatorial election in the history of Washington. She was Washington’s second female governor. Gregoire served as chair of the National Governors Association from 2010 to 2011. She also served on the governors' council of the Bipartisan Policy Center.

Gregoire was also the Attorney General of Washington from 1993 until 2005, and is the first and only woman to serve in that role. As of April 2025, she is also the oldest living former Governor of Washington, following the death of Daniel Evans in September of 2024.
Bernard Hale (British Army officer)
General Bernard Hale (1725? – 13 March 1798) was a British Army officer.

He was the third son of Sir Bernard Hale, Chief Baron of the Irish Exchequer, by his wife Anne Thorseby of Northampton. General John Hale,  Governor of Londonderry, was his youngest brother.

He was educated at Harrow School and Peterhouse, Cambridge, matriculating in January 1743 and gaining a scholarship.

Hale became a captain and lieutenant-colonel in the 3rd Regiment of Foot Guards on 30 April 1758 and colonel in the Army on 7 October 1762. He was further promoted to major-general in 1772, lieutenant-general in 1777 and general in 1793. He also held the appointments of colonel of the 20th Regiment of Foot from 1769 to 1773, Lieutenant-Governor of Chelsea Hospital from 10 May 1773, and Lieutenant-General of the Ordnance in Ireland from 1759 to 1789.

Governor of Londonderry
The Governor of Londonderry and Culmore was a British military appointment. The Governor was the officer who commanded the garrison and fortifications of the city of Derry and of Culmore fort. The Governor was paid by The Honourable The Irish Society.
Monica Mæland
Monica Mæland (born 6 February 1968) is a Norwegian politician for the Conservative Party who served as Minister of Justice from 2020 to 2021. Previously she served as Minister Local Government from 2018 to 2020, and Minister of Trade and Industry from 2013 to 2018. In local politics, she was the Chief Commissioner of Bergen from 2003 to 2013, and leader of the Hordaland Conservatives from 2002 to 2004.

Hordaland
Hordaland (Urban East Norwegian: [ˈhɔ̂rdɑlɑn] ⓘ) was a county in Norway, bordering Sogn og Fjordane, Buskerud, Telemark, and Rogaland counties. Hordaland was the third largest county, after Akershus and Oslo, by population. The county government was the Hordaland County Municipality, which is located in Bergen. Before 1972, the city of Bergen was its own separate county, apart from Hordaland. On 1 January 2020, the county was merged with neighbouring Sogn og Fjordane county, to form the new Vestland county.
StepAway Magazine
StepAway Magazine is a Newcastle upon Tyne based online English literary journal. It was founded in January 2011 by the British writer, researcher and literary reviewer, Darren Richard Carlaw.

The journal publishes poetry and flash fiction about walking in an urban environment. StepAway Magazine takes its name from a flâneur poem by Frank O’Hara entitled “A Step Away from Them” from the collection Lunch Poems.

Key contributors have included James Robison, Sarah Schulman, Lemn Sissay, Maryam Sullivan, Van G. Garrett, and Richard Thomas.

The magazine's cover art has featured the work of Life magazine photographer Roger Minick, and British artist Paul Baines.

Lemn Sissay
Lemn Sissay OBE FRSL (born 21 May 1967) is a British author and broadcaster. He was the official poet of the 2012 London Olympics, was chancellor of the University of Manchester from 2015 until 2022, and joined the Foundling Museum's board of trustees two years later, having previously been appointed one of the museum's fellows. He was awarded the 2019 PEN Pinter Prize. He has written a number of books and plays.
David Willey (physicist)
David G. Willey (born 4 November 1947), known as the Mad Scientist, is an English former physics instructor at the University of Pittsburgh at Johnstown in Johnstown, Pennsylvania. He has been presenting physics shows since the early 1980s. Willey is a scientific consultant for the skeptics group Committee for Skeptical Inquiry  (C.S.I.). He also designs physics apparatus and equipment for the Science Kit Boreal Labs.

Committee for Skeptical Inquiry
The Committee for Skeptical Inquiry (CSI), formerly known as the Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal (CSICOP), is a program within the U.S. non-profit organization Center for Inquiry (CFI), which seeks to "promote scientific inquiry, critical investigation, and the use of reason in examining controversial and extraordinary claims." Paul Kurtz proposed the establishment of CSICOP in 1976 as an independent non-profit organization (before merging with CFI as one of its programs in 2015), to counter what he regarded as an uncritical acceptance of, and support for, paranormal claims by both the media and society in general. Its philosophical position is one of scientific skepticism. CSI's fellows have included notable scientists, Nobel laureates, philosophers, psychologists, educators, and authors. It is headquartered in Amherst, New York.
Tangled (franchise)
Tangled is a media franchise owned by The Walt Disney Company that began with the 2010 American animated film of the same name, directed by Nathan Greno and Byron Howard from a screenplay by Dan Fogelman. Produced by Roy Conli, the film featured songs by Alan Menken and Glenn Slater, while Glen Keane, John Lasseter, and Aimee Scribner served as its executive producers. The film was loosely based on the German fairy tale "Rapunzel" from the 1812 collection Grimms' Fairy Tales by the Brothers Grimm.

The franchise consists of a feature film, a video game, a short sequel, a stage musical, and a television series, as well as a television film.

Byron Howard
Byron P. Howard (born December 26, 1968) is an American animator, character designer, story artist, film director, producer, and screenwriter. He is one of the directors of the Walt Disney Animation Studios films Bolt (2008), Tangled (2010), Zootopia (2016), Encanto (2021), and Zootopia 2 (2025). He received four Academy Award nominations, with the latter two won for Zootopia and Encanto.
Judaism and environmentalism
Judaism and environmentalism intersect on many levels. The natural world plays a central role in Jewish law, literature, liturgy, and other practices. Within the arena of Jewish thought, beliefs vary widely about the human relationship to the environment. Movements such as Eco-Kashrut and celebrations like Tu BiShvat reflect environmental values, and modern Jewish environmentalism has grown, especially in North America.

Eden Village Camp
Eden Village Camp is a co-ed Jewish sleep-away organic farm camp in Putnam Valley, New York. It is a non-profit sustainable-living "farm-to-table" camp founded by Yoni Stadlin and Vivian Lehrer, located on 248 acres (100 ha) touching the Appalachian Trail, 50 miles north of New York City.
2016 Asian Women's Club Volleyball Championship
The 2016 Asian Women's Club Volleyball Championship was the 17th staging of the AVC Club Championships which was hosted by the Philippines. The tournament was held at the Alonte Sports Arena in Biñan, Laguna. It was  held from September 3 to September 11, 2016.

The tournament was organized by the Philippine Super Liga and the Larong Volleyball sa Pilipinas, Inc. The tournament serves as the 2nd Asian tournament which was hosted by the LVPI following the Asian Under-23 Championships hosting in 2015.

Philippine Super Liga
The Philippine Super Liga (PSL; alternatively spelled as Philippine Superliga) was a non-professional corporate club women's volleyball league in the Philippines. It was first organized by SportsCore Event Management and Consultancy, Inc. and later owned by Athletic Events & Sports Management Group (ACES), Inc. The league was envisioned to provide former collegiate players a league with which they can continue with their volleyball career.

The PSL also had a men's division from 2013 to 2014, although its beach volleyball tournament both have a women's and men's division since its inception.

In 2021, the PSL was left without any active team after all teams either filed a leave of absence due to the COVID-19 pandemic or moved to the newly professionalized Premier Volleyball League, the PSL's rival league.
Maple Mountains
The Maple Mountains, Javornik Mountains, or Javorniks (Czech and Slovak: Javorníky) are a mountain range of the Slovak-Moravian Carpathians that forms part of the border between the Czech Republic and Slovakia.

Its highest point is Veľký Javorník at 1,071 meters (3,514 ft). The range stretches from the White Carpathians in the south to the Beskids in the north. The range divides the Bečva and Oder river systems from those of the Turiec and Váh along the European Watershed.  Part of the range falls within the Slovak Kysuce Protected Landscape Area.

European watershed
The main European watershed is the drainage divide ("watershed") which separates the basins of the rivers that empty into the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea and the Baltic Sea from those that feed the Mediterranean Sea, the Adriatic Sea and the Black Sea. It stretches from the tip of the Iberian Peninsula at Gibraltar in the southwest to the endorheic basin of the Caspian Sea in Russia in the northeast.
Battle of Goźlice
The Battle of Goźlice was a battle which took place on 23 February 1280 near Goźlice (not far from Koprzywnica) where the Polish knights led by the castellan of Kraków, voivodes led by Piotr of Bogoria and Skotnik and Janusz Starż defeated the Tatar-Russian troops led by the Galician-Volhynian prince Leo I of Galicia.

Castellans of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Castellans of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth were the lowest rank of territorial official who could sit in the Senate of Poland. Their numbers varied over time and with the shifting borders of the Commonwealth.

In the Kingdom of Poland and later in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Castellans (Polish: Kasztelan) usually deferred to the higher ranking Voivodes (wojewoda), excepting three Distinguished Castellans of the cities of Trakai, Vilnius, and of Kraków - who ranked higher than the Voivodes.
Duck End House
Duck End House is an early-17th-century property, probably a manor house, in the parish of Rollright, near Chipping Norton, Oxfordshire, England.

The house was built in 1628 by Lady Anne Cope, widow of the leading Puritan Sir Anthony Cope. The property was once owned by the seventeenth-century politician Sir William Cope. It has been Grade II listed since 1957. It was once owned by British writer Penelope Lively.

Since 2002 it has been the country home of art dealer Philip Mould.

Chipping Norton
Chipping Norton is a market town and civil parish in the Cotswolds in the West Oxfordshire district of Oxfordshire, England, about 12 miles (19 km) south-west of Banbury and 18 miles (29 km) north-west of Oxford. The 2011 Census recorded the civil parish population as 5,719. It was estimated at 6,254 in 2019.
Vitali set
In mathematics, a Vitali set is an elementary example of a set of real numbers that is not Lebesgue measurable, found by Giuseppe Vitali in 1905. The Vitali theorem is the existence theorem that there are such sets. Each Vitali set is uncountable, and there are uncountably many Vitali sets. The proof of their existence depends on the axiom of choice.

Dense set
In topology and related areas of mathematics, a subset A of a topological space X is said to be dense in X if every point of X either belongs to A or else is arbitrarily "close" to a member of A — for instance, the rational numbers are a dense subset of the real numbers because every real number either is a rational number or has a rational number arbitrarily close to it (see Diophantine approximation). 
Formally,  is dense in  if the smallest closed subset of  containing  is  itself.

The density of a topological space  is the least cardinality of a dense subset of
Saiful Rijal
Saiful Rijal (died c. 1581) was the sultan of Brunei from 1530 until 1581, the year he is alleged to have died. He was succeeded by his eldest son Shah Brunei.

Its as during his reign, when the Castilian War occurred between the empires of the Brunei and Spain. In addition to the Philippines, he was also renowned for spreading Islamic teachings throughout Borneo. According to folk tales about his palace being located on King's Island (Pulau Raja) in Jerudong. The sultan was also known as Sultan Lixar, and Sultan Nula Alan by the Spaniards.

Sultanate of Brunei (1368–1888)
The Sultanate of Brunei (Jawi: كسلطانن بروني) or simply Brunei (/bruːˈnaɪ/ broo-NY), also known as the Bruneian Empire, was a Malay sultanate centered around Brunei on the northern coast of Borneo in Southeast Asia. Brunei became a sovereign state around the 15th century, when it substantially expanded after the fall of Malacca to the Portuguese, extending throughout coastal areas of Borneo and the Philippines, before it declined in the 17th and 18th centuries. It became a British protectorate in the 19th century.
Islamic manuscripts
Islamic manuscripts had a variety of functions ranging from Qur'anic recitation to scientific notation. These manuscripts were produced in many different ways depending on their use and period. Parchment (vellum) was a common way to produce manuscripts. Manuscript creators eventually transitioned to using paper in later centuries with the diffusion of paper-making in the Islamic empire. When Muslims encountered paper in Central Asia, its use and production spread to Iran, Iraq, Syria, Egypt, and North Africa during the 8th century.

The Al-Furqan Islamic Heritage Foundation has estimated that 3 million Islamic manuscripts have survived. Other academics talk of 7 million surviving manuscripts out of 90 million manuscripts written between the 7th and 14th centuries. The estimates vary due to several challenges, such as limited access to manuscripts located in conflict zones or held in private libraries.

Vellum
Vellum is prepared animal skin or membrane, typically used as writing material. It is often distinguished from parchment, either by being made from calfskin, rather than the skin of other animals or simply by being of a higher quality. Vellum is prepared for writing and printing on single pages, scrolls, and codices.

Vellum is generally smooth and durable, but there can be great variations in texture due to the way it is made and the quality of the skin used. The making of vellum involves the cleaning, bleaching, stretching on a frame, and scraping of the skin with a lunellum.

Modern paper vellum is made of plant cellulose fibers and gets its name from having a similar use to actual vellum, as well as its high quality.
Karl Uhlirz
Karl Uhlirz (13 June 1854, in Vienna – 22 March 1914, in Graz) was an Austrian historian and archivist.

He studied history at the University of Vienna, and from 1877 worked as an employee of the Monumenta Germaniae Historica (diplomatics edition) under Theodor von Sickel. From 1882 he served as a caretaker at the Vienna city archives, where in 1889 he became its director. In 1888 he obtained his habilitation for history of the Middle Ages and historical auxiliary sciences. In 1903 he succeeded Franz Krones as professor of Austrian history at the University of Graz.

Monumenta Germaniae Historica
The Monumenta Germaniae Historica (Latin for "Historical Monuments of Germany"), frequently abbreviated MGH, is a comprehensive series of carefully edited and published primary sources, both chronicle and archival, for the study of parts of Northwestern, Central and Southern European history from the end of the Roman Empire to 1500.

Despite the name, the series covers important sources for the history of many countries besides Germany, since the Society for the Publication of Sources on Germanic Affairs of the Middle Ages has included documents from many other areas subjected to the influence of Germanic tribes or rulers (Britain, Czech lands, Poland, Austria, France, Low Countries, Italy, Spain, etc.).
.mp
.mp is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Northern Mariana Islands.  There are a few sites related to the Northern Mariana Islands in this domain (such as governmental sites under .gov.mp and a few sites in .org.mp and .co.mp). The get.mp site allows users to register and manage .mp domains. The .mp name comes from ISO 3166 which specifies MP as the two letter designation for the Northern Mariana Islands.

Top-level domain
A top-level domain (TLD) is one of the domains at the highest level in the hierarchical Domain Name System of the Internet after the root domain. The top-level domain names are installed in the root zone of the name space. For all domains in lower levels, it is the last part of the domain name, that is, the last non-empty label of a fully qualified domain name. For example, in the domain name www.example.com, the top-level domain is .com. Responsibility for management of most top-level domains is delegated to specific organizations by the ICANN, an Internet multi-stakeholder community, which operates the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA), and is in charge of maintaining the DNS root zone.
County of Buckingham (South Australia)
The County of Buckingham is one of the 49 cadastral counties of South Australia. It was proclaimed by Governor James Fergusson in 1869 and named for the third Duke of Buckingham and Chandos, Richard Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville who was appointed Secretary of State for the Colonies in 1867. It is located adjacent to the Victorian border in the state's upper south east. This includes most of the contemporary local government area of Tatiara District Council and a small east portion of Coorong District Council.

Secretary of State for the Colonies
The secretary of state for the colonies or colonial secretary was the Cabinet of the United Kingdom's minister in charge of managing certain parts of the British Empire.

The colonial secretary never had responsibility for the provinces and princely states of India, which had its own secretary of state.

From 1768 until 1966, the secretary of state was supported by an under-secretary of state for the colonies (at times an under-secretary of state for war and the colonies), and latterly by a minister of state.
Erythres (wasp)
Erythres is a genus of oak gall wasp in the family Cynipidae.

In 2002, the genus was synonymized with the more speciose genus Andricus but has since been reinstated. The genus can be differentiated by the uniform sculpture (texture) across the entire mesosoma, head, and dorsal surface of legs. Other genera have at least some variation in sculpture within and/or between these structures.

Mesosoma
The mesosoma is the middle part of the body, or tagma, of arthropods whose body is composed of three parts, the other two being the prosoma and the metasoma. It bears the legs, and, in the case of winged insects, the wings.
Reaching Everyone By Exposing Lies
Reaching Everyone By Exposing Lies (REBEL) was an anti-tobacco program for teens in New Jersey. REBEL began back in 2000 at Kick Ash Weekend. It was originally funded under the Tobacco Master Settlement Agreement as well as with tobacco product taxes. There were three division of REBEL: REBEL2 for middle school students, REBEL for high school students, and REBEL U/ROCS for college students. REBEL's slogan was "My mind, my body, my choice."

In April 2007, New Jersey REBEL had chapters in all 21 counties and in 76 New Jersey high schools. Each county and school chapter had a Youth Coordinator (and school adviser in school groups) who helped in using resources to aid with the group's plans and events. At their meetings, they discussed ideas and made plans to help fight against Big Tobacco.

In 2011, REBEL's funding dried up and REBEL ceased to operate.

Big Tobacco
Big Tobacco is a name used to refer to the largest companies in the tobacco industry. There are five that are normally included: Philip Morris International, British American Tobacco, Japan Tobacco, Imperial Brands, and China Tobacco. Altria, which only sells in the United States, is also one of the largest tobacco companies.

The label draws a parallel to similar classifications in other industries, such as Big Tech, Big Oil, Big Soda, or Big Pharma.