hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Macedonian diaspora
The Macedonian diaspora (Macedonian: Македонска дијаспора, romanized: Makedonska dijaspora) consists of ethnic Macedonian emigrants and their descendants in countries such as Australia, Italy, the United Kingdom, Germany, New Zealand, Canada, the United States and others. A 1964 estimate put the number of Macedonian emigrants at over 580,000.

Romanization of Macedonian
The romanization of Macedonian is the transliteration of text in Macedonian from the Macedonian Cyrillic alphabet into the Latin alphabet. Romanization can be used for various purposes, such as rendering of proper names in foreign contexts, or for informal writing of Macedonian in environments where Cyrillic is not easily available. Official use of romanization by North Macedonia's authorities is found, for instance, on road signage and in passports. Several different codified standards of transliteration currently exist and there is widespread variability in practice.

Although used for transliteration, Macedonian Latin script is neither widespread nor used in any formal or semi-formal communication in Macedonia. The language law of Macedonia emphasizes Cyrillic as the only alphabet of Macedonian language.
Qeshm Island
Qeshm (Persian: قشم) is an arrow-shaped Iranian island in the Strait of Hormuz of the Persian Gulf (26°50′N 56°0′E﻿ / ﻿26.833°N 56.000°E﻿ / 26.833; 56.000), measuring roughly 1,500 square kilometres (576 square miles) in surface area. Separated from the Iranian mainland by the Clarence Strait (Khuran), Qeshm is the largest island in the Persian Gulf. The island is part of Qeshm County, Hormozgan province, Iran.

Ardashir-Khwarrah
Ardashir-Khwarrah (Middle Persian: Arđaxšēr-Xwarra, meaning "glory of Ardashir") was one of the four (later five) administrative divisions of the Sasanian province of Pars. The other administrative divisions were Shapur-Khwarrah, Istakhr and Darabgerd, while a fifth named Arrajan was founded in the early 6th century by Kavadh I (r. 498–531).
Jenny Matthews
Jenny Matthews (born 1948) is a British documentary photographer whose work has focused on the lives of women and girls. She was a member of the Format photographic agency and is currently a member of Panos Pictures.

Documentary photography
Documentary photography usually refers to a popular form of photography used to chronicle events or environments both significant and relevant to history and historical events as well as everyday life. It is typically undertaken as professional photojournalism, or real-life reportage, but it may also be an amateur, artistic, or academic pursuit. Social documentary photography aims to draw the public's attention to social issues or to the life of underprivileged people.
Mael Fabhaill mac Cléirigh
Mael Fabhaill mac Cléirigh (died 887) was the King of Uí Fiachrach Aidhne in Ireland.

Mael Fabhaill was one of the last kings of Aidhne who did not use a surname. His son and successor, Tighearnach Ua Cleirigh, did so and was ancestor to the family of Ó Cléirigh.

Mael Fabhaill had a brother, Eidhean mac Cléirigh, who gave his name to the Ó hEidhin family of south County Galway.

Ó Cléirigh
O'Cleary or O'Clery (Irish: Ó Cléirigh) is the surname of a Gaelic Irish family. It is one of the oldest recorded surnames in Europe Ó Cléirigh is Anglicized as Cleary (surname) and often Anglicized as Clark.
Jōgakura Bridge
Jōgakura Bridge (城ヶ倉大橋, Jōgakura-ōhashi) is a 360-meter-long (1,180 ft) deck arch bridge in the southern Hakkōda Mountains in the city of Aomori in Aomori Prefecture, Japan. It carries National Route 394 at a height of 122 meters (400 ft) above Jōgakura Creek. Located inside of Towada-Hachimantai National Park, the bridge is known as being a place for observing the area's scenic beauty as well as being the longest of its type in Japan.

Aomori
Aomori (青森, Aomori; IPA: [aoꜜmoɾi]), officially Aomori City (青森市, Aomori-shi), is the capital city of Aomori Prefecture, in the Tōhoku region of Japan. As of 1 August 2023, the city had an estimated population of 264,945 in 136,781 households, and a population density of 321 people per square kilometer spread over the city's total area of 824.61 km2 (318.38 sq mi). Aomori is one of Japan's 62 core cities and the core of the Aomori metropolitan area.
FC Arman
FC Arman (Kazakh: Арман футбол клубы, Arman Fýtbol Klýby) are a defunct Kazakhstani football based in Kentau. They were members of the inaugural 1992 Kazakhstan Premier League, immediately experiencing relegation to the Kazakhstan First Division.

Kazakhstan First League
The Kazakhstan First Division (Kazakh: Қазақстан бірінші лигасы, romanized: Qazaqstan bırınşı ligasy) is the second division of football in Kazakhstan. The League is controlled by the Football Union of Kazakhstan and feeds into the Kazakhstan Premier League, having been founded in 1994. It runs from spring and to late autumn, making each championship correspond to a calendar year.
Klausewitz's garden eel
The Klausewitz's garden eel (Gorgasia klausewitzi) is an eel in the family Congridae (conger/garden eels). It was described by Jean-Claude Quéro and Luiz Vieria Caldas Saldanha in 1995. It is a marine, tropical eel, which is known from the Indian Ocean, including the Andaman Islands, Réunion, Mauritius, and the Comoros Islands. It dwells at a depth range of 170 to 225 metres (558 to 738 ft), and forms large colonies consisting of hundreds of individual eels. Males can reach a maximum total length of 75.1 centimetres (29.6 in).

Congridae
The Congridae are the family of conger and garden eels. Congers are valuable and often large food fishes, while garden eels live in colonies, all protruding from the sea floor after the manner of plants in a garden (thus the name). The family includes over 220 species in 32 genera.

The European conger, Conger conger, is the largest of the family and of the Anguilliformes order that includes it; it has been recorded at up to 3 m (9.8 ft) in length and weighing 350 lb (160 kg).

Congrids are found in tropical, subtropical and temperate seas around the world. Clear distinguishing features among congrids are few; they all lack scales, and most possess pectoral fins. They feed on crustaceans and small fish.

The earliest known fossils of this group are otoliths from the Campanian of the United States.  A number of articulated specimens are known from the Paleogene of Europe.
Hepatitis A virus cis-acting replication element
In molecular biology, the hepatitis A virus cis-acting replication element (CRE) is an RNA element which is found in the coding region of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase in hepatitis A virus (HAV). It is larger than the CREs found in related Picornavirus species, but is thought to be functionally similar. It is thought to be involved in uridylylation of VPg.

RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) or RNA replicase is an enzyme that catalyzes the replication of RNA from an RNA template. Specifically, it catalyzes synthesis of the RNA strand complementary to a given RNA template. This is in contrast to typical DNA-dependent RNA polymerases (DdRP), which all organisms use to catalyze the transcription of RNA from a DNA template.

RdRp is an essential protein encoded in the genomes of most RNA-containing viruses that lack a DNA stage. Some eukaryotes also contain RdRps, which are involved in RNA interference and differ structurally from viral RdRps.
Huney
Huney is an uninhabited island due east of the island of Unst in the Shetland Islands, Scotland. The island is located approximately 1 kilometre south west of Balta and has an area of just under 0.2 square kilometres (0.08 sq mi). Huney is separated from Unst by a narrow channel called The Yei. At extremely low tides  a sandy tombolo may connect Huney to Unst.

The World War I British E-class submarine E49 was sunk in the channel between Huney and Balta with the loss of 3 officers and 28 ratings on 12 March 1917. The submarine was heading out of Balta Sound on patrol when it struck a naval mine probably lain by German U-boat UC-76. The wreck is now a designated war grave.

Unst
Unst (/ˈʌnst/; Norn: Ønst) is one of the North Isles of the Shetland Islands, Scotland. It is the northernmost of the inhabited British Isles and is the third-largest island in Shetland after Mainland and Yell. It has an area of 46 sq mi (120 km2).

Unst is largely grassland, with coastal cliffs. Its main village is Baltasound, formerly the second-largest herring fishing port after Lerwick and now the location of a leisure centre and the island's airport. Other settlements include Uyeasound, home to Greenwell's Booth (a Hanseatic warehouse) and Muness Castle (built in 1598 and sacked by pirates in 1627); and Haroldswick, location of a boat museum and a heritage centre.
Celldweller (album)
Celldweller is the first studio album by the American electronic rock project Celldweller, released in 2003. The album spent one week on the Billboard Top Internet Albums chart, at number 17, and was awarded Album of the Year at the Just Plain Folks Music Awards. Guest appearances include Jarrod Montague of Taproot.

The album was re-released on 10 June 2013 in celebration of the 10th anniversary of the original release. A definitive edition was released on 16 February 2024 in celebration of the 20th anniversary of the original release.

XGRA: Extreme-G Racing Association
XGRA: Extreme-G Racing Association is a futuristic racing video game and the fourth and final installment in the Extreme-G series, succeeding Extreme-G 3. This game features an expanded selection of tracks, as well as a brand-new weapon system.
Upsilon Andromedae
Upsilon Andromedae (υ Andromedae, abbreviated Upsilon And, υ And) is a binary star located 44 light-years from Earth in the constellation of Andromeda. The system consists of an F-type main-sequence star (designated υ Andromedae A, officially named Titawin in the Amazigh language /tɪtəˈwiːn/) and a smaller red dwarf.

As of 2015, three extrasolar planets (designated Upsilon Andromedae b, c, d; named Saffar, Samh and Majriti, respectively) are believed to orbit υ Andromedae A. All three are likely to be jovian planets that are comparable in size to Jupiter. This was both the first multiple-planet system to be discovered around a main-sequence star, and the first multiple-planet system known in a multiple-star system.

Minimum mass
In astronomy, minimum mass is the lower-bound calculated mass of observed objects such as planets, stars, binary systems, nebulae, and black holes.

Minimum mass is a widely cited statistic for extrasolar planets detected by the radial velocity method or Doppler spectroscopy, and is determined using the binary mass function. This method reveals planets by measuring changes in the movement of stars in the line-of-sight, so the real orbital inclinations and true masses of the planets are generally unknown.  This is a result of sin i degeneracy.

If inclination i can be determined, the true mass can be obtained from the calculated minimum mass using the following relationship:
Ethnic communities in Kolkata
Kolkata, India, is largely inhabited by the ethnic community of the native Bengalis (both Ghoti and Bangal origin) respectively. According to a report by the Indian Statistical Institute owned by the Government of India, the Kolkata city had a population of 4.5 million as of 2011 out of which the population of native Bengalis in Kolkata is almost 62% which comprised the majority of the city's population, whereas ethnic groups like Marwaris, Biharis and Urdu-speaking Muslims together forming 36% of the population which comes under the category of large minorities. Other Various micro-minority communities of Kolkata include as far as concerned follows -: Pathans, Marathis, Odias, Gujaratis,  Sindhis, Kashmiris, Punjabis, Nepalis, Telugus, Tamils, Anglo-Indians, Arabs, Jews, Armenians, Tibetans, Greeks, Parsis, Chinese, and Iraqis etc.

Islam in Uttar Pradesh
Islam in Uttar Pradesh is the second largest religion in the state with 38,483,967 adherents in 2011, forming 19.26% of the total population. Muslims of Uttar Pradesh have also been referred to as Hindustani Musalman (Urdu: ہندوستانی مسلمان). They do not form a unified ethnic community, but are differentiated by sectarian and Baradari divisions, as well as by language and geography. Nevertheless, the community shares some unifying cultural factors. Uttar Pradesh has more Muslims than any Muslim-majority country in the world except Indonesia, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nigeria, Egypt, Iran, Turkey, Iraq and Afghanistan.
Jack Rose (cocktail)
A Jack Rose is a cocktail containing applejack, grenadine, and lemon or lime juice. It was popular in the 1920s and 1930s, notably appearing in Ernest Hemingway's 1926 classic, The Sun Also Rises, in which Jake Barnes, the narrator, drinks a Jack Rose in the bar of the Hôtel de Crillon while awaiting the arrival of Lady Brett Ashley. It was also a favorite drink of author John Steinbeck.

The Jack Rose is one of six basic drinks listed in David A. Embury's The Fine Art of Mixing Drinks.

Cocktail
A cocktail is a mixed drink, usually  alcoholic. Most commonly, a cocktail is a combination of one or more spirits mixed with other ingredients, such as juices, flavored syrups, tonic water, shrubs, and bitters. Cocktails vary widely across regions of the world, and many websites publish both original recipes and their own interpretations of older and more famous cocktails.
Deep (mixed martial arts)
Deep (previously Deep2001) is a Japan-based mixed martial arts promoting and sanctioning organization. It is promoted by Shigeru Saeki who is also the former Public Relations Director of Pride Fighting Championships. Their inaugural event took place in 2001 and featured Paulo Filho and Royler Gracie. On May 17, 2008, Deep announced a partnership with ZST to share fighters, co-promote shows and eventually unify the promotions.

Royler Gracie
Royler Gracie (born December 6, 1965) is a Brazilian-American retired mixed martial artist and Brazilian jiu-jitsu practitioner. Gracie ran the Gracie Humaitá school in Rio de Janeiro for many years under his father Helio's direction, and lives  and teaches in San Diego, California. Considered a legend of jiu jitsu and submission wrestling, Gracie is a member of both the IBJJF Hall of Fame, and the ADCC Hall of Fame.
Anders Palm
Anders Palm (born 6 July 1942 in Malmö) is a Swedish literary scholar and linguist. He is professor of history of literature at Lund University. In 2011 he received an honorary degree of medicine. Palm is the principal architect of "Medical Humanities" which today is included in the Swedish physician education, and means that the body is seen from a humanities perspective as from a normal medical perspective.

Palm has also written books, among them Den svenska sångboken ("The Swedish Song book") together with Johan Stenström.

Palm received the Dobloug Prize in 2003.

History of literature
The history of literature is the historical development of writings in prose or poetry that attempt to provide entertainment or education to the reader, as well as the development of the literary techniques used in the communication of these pieces. Not all writings constitute literature. Some recorded materials, such as compilations of data (e.g., a check register) are not considered literature, and this article relates only to the evolution of the works defined above.
Fumo Madi ibn Abi Bakr
Fumo Madi ibn Abi Bakr was Sultan of Pate, Kenya (1779 - 1809).
Around 1800 the Pate Sultan took over Lamu, however, they were deeply resented by the people of Lamu. Fumomadi was persuaded ("by a faithful old advisor") to build a fort on the seafront in Lamu Town, to protect members of his government. He died  (a natural death) before the first storey of the fort was completed.

There was much disagreement over choosing his successor, as he had fifty children and all sons and male ín-laws were eligible for the throne. After "encouragement" from the powerful Mazrui family from Mombasa/Oman, an in-law named Ahmad ibn Shaykh was chosen as the next Sultan.

Mazrui
The Mazrui or Mazar'i (Arabic: المزاريع) were an Omani Arab clan that reigned over some areas of East Africa, especially Kenya, from the 18th to the 20th century. In the 18th century they governed Mombasa and other coastal places and opposed the Omani Al Bu Sa'id Dynasty that ruled over Zanzibar. On at least one occasion, they attacked Stone Town allying with the Portuguese.

When the British East Africa Protectorate was established in the late 19th century, the Mazrui were one of the groups that most actively resisted the British rule, along with the Kikuyu and Kamba people.
Michigantown, Indiana
Michigantown is a town in Michigan Township, Clinton County, Indiana, United States. As of the 2020 census, Michigantown had a population of 441. The town was named for the Michigan Road, an early thoroughfare through the area.

Michigan Road
The Michigan Road was one of the earliest roads in Indiana. Roads in early Indiana were often roads in name only. In actuality they were sometimes little more than crude paths following old animal and Native American trails and filled with sinkholes, stumps, and deep, entrapping ruts. Hoosier leaders, however, recognized the importance of roads to the growth and economic health of the state, and the needed improvements. They encouraged construction of roads which would do for Indiana what the National Road was doing for the whole country.

As early as 1821 the legislature earmarked funds for more than two dozen roads throughout the state. Road building was often the responsibility of the counties, which were empowered to call out a local labor force for construction and provide road viewers, or supervisors.
Mount Lapithas
Lapithas (Greek: Λαπίθας) is a mountain located in southern Elis in the western Peloponnese in Greece. The mountain is named after the legendary people, the Lapiths. In the west the mountain touches the Ionian Sea. It is 15 to 20 km long and 10 km wide and covers and area of 100 to 150 km². A large part of the mountain is covered with pine forests, but has suffered great damage in the forest fires of August 2007.

The Kaiafas Lake lies between the Lapithas and the Ionian Sea, northwest of the town Zacharo. The Greek National Road 76 (Megalopoli - Andritsaina - Krestena) passes northeast of the Lapithas, and the Greek National Road 9/E55 (Patras - Pyrgos - Kalamata) lies to the west.

Elis
Elis, also known as Ellis or Ilia (Greek: Ηλεία, Eleia), is a historic region in the western part of the Peloponnese peninsula of Greece. It is administered as a regional unit of the modern region of Western Greece. Its capital is Pyrgos. Until 2011 it was Elis Prefecture, covering the same territory.

The modern regional unit is nearly coterminous with the ancient Elis of the classical period. Here lie the ancient ruins of cities of Elis, Epitalion and Olympia, known for the ancient Olympic Games which started in 776 BC.
Reversal of Fortune (2003 film)
Reversal of Fortune (Korean: 역전에 산다) is a 2003 South Korean sports romantic comedy film directed by Park Yong-woon, and starring Kim Seung-woo and Ha Ji-won. The film features several songs from Ha Ji-won's debut album, Homerun.

2003 in film
2003 in film is an overview of events, including the highest-grossing films, award ceremonies, festivals, a list of country- and genre- specific lists of films released, notable deaths and film debuts.
Joseph of Exeter
Joseph of Exeter was a twelfth-century Latin poet from Exeter, England.  Around 1180, he left to study at Gueldres, where he began his lifelong friendship with Guibert, who later became Abbot of Florennes.  Some of their correspondence still survives.

His most famous poem is De bello Troiano ("On the Trojan War") in six books, based on Dares Phrygius. Most of it was written before 1183, but which was finished after 1184. When his uncle Baldwin, Archbishop of Canterbury, to whom the De Bello Troiano is dedicated, set off to the Holy Land on the Third Crusade, he persuaded Joseph to accompany him.  After Baldwin's death in 1190, Joseph returned home. He immortalized the crusade in his poem Antiocheis, of which only fragments survive. Several other poems, now lost, have been attributed to him, but there is no way of knowing if they were actually his work.

Florennes
Florennes (French pronunciation: [flɔ.ʁɛn]; Walloon: Florene) is a municipality of Wallonia located in the province of Namur, Belgium. As of 1 January 2006, Florennes has a total population of 10,754. The total area is 133.55 km2 which gives a population density of 81 inhabitants per km2.

The municipality consists of the following districts: Corenne, Flavion, Florennes, Hanzinelle, Hanzinne, Hemptinne, Morialmé, Morville, Rosée, Saint-Aubin and Thy-le-Bauduin.

Florennes hosts Florennes Air Base, a Belgian military airfield which is the home base for F-16 Fighting Falcon jets.

The first week-end of every July, Florennes is a large festival due to the folk walk with a couple of thousand valorous walkers.

Cyclists Firmin Lambot, who won the Tour de France in 1919 and in 1922 and Léon Scieur, who won the Tour in 1921, were born in Florennes.

The village was formerly the site of Florennes Abbey, dissolved during the French Revolution and since entirely demolished.
Spirito Santo, Siracusa
Spirito Santo is a baroque-style, Roman Catholic church located on Lungomare Ortigia #4, facing towards the Ionian sea, on the island of Ortigia, in the historic city center of Siracusa in Sicily, Italy.

Ortygia
Ortygia (/ɔːrˈtɪdʒiə/ or-TIJ-ee-ə; Italian: Ortigia [orˈtiːdʒa]; Ancient Greek: Ὀρτυγία, romanized: Ortygía) is a small island which is the historical centre of the city of Syracuse, Sicily. The island, also known as the Città Vecchia (Old City), contains many historical landmarks.

The name originates from the Ancient Greek órtyx (ὄρτυξ), which means "quail".
Candidplatz station
Candidplatz is an U-Bahn station in Munich on the U1 line of the Munich U-Bahn system. The station is named for the Flemish mannerist painter Peter Candid, who entered employ in Munich in 1586, producing notable artworks for the Munich Residenz. The station is notable for the decorative scheme applied to the outer walls, which evoke a rainbow.

Peter Candid
Peter de Witte, known in Italy as Pietro Candido and in Bavaria as Peter Candid (c. 1548 – 1628) was a Flemish-born Mannerist painter, tapestry designer and draughtsman active in Italy and Bavaria. He was an artist at the Medici court in Florence and at the Bavarian court of Duke William V and his successor Maximilian I in Munich.
Sky Lift
Other usages: Skylift is an aerial tram or possibly a helicopter or an airlift.

"Sky Lift" is a science fiction short story by Robert A. Heinlein, first published 1953, and collected in Heinlein's The Menace from Earth.

In the story, a torchship pilot lights out from Earth orbit to Pluto on a mission to deliver a cure to a plague ravaging a research station. Due to the short time needed before everyone at the research station is dead and the long distance involved, the torchship must accelerate at multiple gravities (3.5 g) for many days. The mission is successful, but one of the two pilots is killed and the other is rendered an invalid due to the strain put on their bodies.

Aerial tramway
An aerial tramway, aerial tram, sky tram, cable car or aerial cablecar, aerial cableway or ropeway is a type of aerial lift that uses one or two stationary cables for support, with a third moving cable providing propulsion. With this form of lift, the grip of an aerial tramway cabin is fixed onto the propulsion cable and cannot be decoupled from it during operation. Aerial tramways usually provide lower line capacities and longer wait times than gondola lifts.