hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kruskal's tree theorem
In mathematics, Kruskal's tree theorem states that the set of finite trees over a well-quasi-ordered set of labels is itself well-quasi-ordered under homeomorphic embedding.

A finitary application of the theorem gives the existence of the fast-growing TREE function. TREE(3) is one of the largest simply defined finite numbers, dwarfing other large numbers such as Graham's number and googolplex.

Homeomorphism (graph theory)
In graph theory, two graphs  and  are homeomorphic if there is a graph isomorphism from some subdivision of  to some subdivision of .  If the edges of a graph are thought of as lines drawn from one vertex to another (as they are usually depicted in diagrams), then two graphs are homeomorphic to each other in the graph-theoretic sense precisely if their diagrams are homeomorphic in the topological sense.
Diaspore (botany)
In botany, a diaspore is a plant dispersal unit consisting of a seed or spore plus any additional tissues that assist dispersal. Examples of such additional structures includes elaiosomes, fruits, pseudofruits or arils, as well as pappi. In a few plants, the diaspore is a tumbleweed and comprises most of the plant.

Diaspores are common in weedy and ruderal species.  Collectively, diaspores, seeds, and spores that have been modified for migration are known as disseminules.

Accessory fruit
An accessory fruit is a fruit that contains tissue derived from plant parts other than the ovary. In other words, the flesh of the fruit develops not from the floral ovary, but from some adjacent tissue exterior to the carpel (for example, from receptacles or sepal). As a general rule, the accessory fruit is a combination of several floral organs, including the ovary. In contrast, true fruit forms exclusively from the ovary of the flower.

Accessory fruits are usually indehiscent, meaning that they do not split open to release seeds when they have reached maturity.
Hints Allegations and Things Left Unsaid
Hints Allegations and Things Left Unsaid is the debut studio album by American rock band Collective Soul. It was originally released on the band's self-owned label called Rising Storm Records in 1993. Collective Soul later signed on with Atlantic Records, and the album was re-released in 1994 under the Atlantic label. The track "Shine" gained the band attention thanks to college radio.

The cover art is a modified version of an advertising image from the 19th century, with the text on the sign changed.

Matt Serletic
Matthew Michael Serletic II (born 1971) is an American record producer, songwriter, record executive and technologist serving since 2024 as Director of AI Innovation and Interactive Experiences at Amazon Music. Previously, he served as Director of Product at Google from 2019 to 2024, and founded the record label Emblem Music Group in 2007.
2004 Volvo PGA Championship
The 2004 Volvo PGA Championship was the 50th edition of the Volvo PGA Championship, an annual professional golf tournament on the European Tour. It was held 27–30 May at the West Course of Wentworth Club in Virginia Water, Surrey, England, a suburb southwest of London.

Scott Drummond won by two strokes ahead of Ángel Cabrera.

Ángel Cabrera
Ángel Leopoldo Cabrera (pronounced [ˈaŋxel kaˈβɾeɾa]; born 12 September 1969) is an Argentine professional golfer who has played on both the European Tour and PGA Tour. He is known affectionately as "El Pato" in Spanish ("The Duck") for his waddling gait. He is a two-time major champion, with wins at the U.S. Open in 2007 and the Masters in 2009; he was the first Argentine and South American to win either. He also lost in a sudden death playoff at the Masters in 2013.
Ryan Donnelly (pharmaceutical scientist)
Ryan Francis Donnelly has been a Chair of Pharmaceutical Technology at Queen's University Belfast since 2013. His research focused on the design and physicochemical characterisation of advanced polymeric drug delivery systems for transdermal and topical applications.

He graduated with a first-class degree in pharmacy from Queen's University Belfast in 1999, where he subsequently completed his PhD in pharmaceutics in 2003.

He has an h-index of 78.

Topical medication
A topical medication is a medication that is applied to a particular place on or in the body. Most often topical medication means application to body surfaces such as the skin or mucous membranes to treat ailments via a large range of classes including creams, foams, gels, lotions, and ointments.  Many topical medications are epicutaneous, meaning that they are applied directly to the skin. Topical medications may also be inhalational, such as asthma medications, or applied to the surface of tissues other than the skin, such as eye drops applied to the conjunctiva, or ear drops placed in the ear, or medications applied to the surface of a tooth. The word topical derives from Greek τοπικός topikos, "of a place".
Rhythmic gymnastics at the 2022 World Games
The rhythmic gymnastics competition at the 2022 World Games took place in July 2022, in Birmingham in United States, at the Legacy Arena.

Originally scheduled to take place in July 2021, the Games were rescheduled for July 2022 as a result of the 2020 Summer Olympics postponement due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Legacy Arena
Legacy Arena (formerly known as the BJCC Coliseum and the BJCC Arena) is an arena located at the Birmingham–Jefferson Convention Complex in Birmingham, Alabama. The arena seats 17,654 for sporting events, up to 16,250 for concerts and 6,000 in a cut-down theater configuration.
2023 SEC men's basketball tournament
The 2023 Southeastern Conference Men's Basketball Tournament was the postseason men's basketball tournament for the Southeastern Conference held at the Bridgestone Arena in Nashville, Tennessee, from March 8 to 12, 2023.

Bridgestone Arena
Bridgestone Arena (originally Nashville Arena, and formerly Gaylord Entertainment Center and Sommet Center) is a multi-purpose indoor arena in downtown Nashville, Tennessee, United States. Completed in 1996, it is the home of the Nashville Predators of the National Hockey League.
Doctor Savithri
Doctor Savithri is a 1955 Indian Tamil-language legal thriller film directed by R. M. Krishnaswamy and written by Acharya. A contemporary adaptation of the Hindu story of Savitri and Satyavan, the film stars Anjali Devi, S. Balachander, M. N. Nambiar and B. R. Panthulu. It revolves around the title character's (Anjali Devi) efforts to clear the name of her wrongfully convicted husband (Panthulu). The film was released on 25 November 1955 and became a success.

M. N. Nambiar
Mannjheri Narayanan Nambiar (7 March 1919 – 19 November 2008) was an Indian actor who predominantly worked in Tamil cinema, renowned for his portrayals of villainous characters. With a career spanning over eight decades, he became a notable figure in the industry. Nambiar also appeared in a few Malayalam, Telugu, English and Hindi films during his career.

He appeared in many MGR  movies as a villain. Some of the famous ones include Enga Veettu Pillai, Aayirathil Oruvan, Nadodi Mannan, Naalai Namadhe, Padagotti, Thirudathe, En Annan, Kaavalkaaran and Kudiyirundha Koyil.
39 Melakhot
The 39 Melakhot (Hebrew: ל״ט אבות מלאכה, lamed-tet avot melakhah, "39 categories of work") are thirty-nine categories of activity which Jewish law identifies as prohibited by biblical law on Shabbat. These activities are also prohibited on the Jewish holidays listed in the Torah ("Yom Tov"), but there are significant exceptions that permit carrying and preparing food under specific circumstances on holidays (except Yom Kippur).

In addition to the 39 melakhot, certain other activities are forbidden on Shabbat due to rabbinic law.

The (strict) observance of Shabbat is often seen as a benchmark for orthodoxy and indeed has legal bearing on the way a Jew is seen by an Orthodox religious court regarding their affiliation to Judaism.

Chaff
Chaff (/tʃæf/; also UK: /tʃɑːf/) is dry, scale-like plant material such as the protective seed casings of cereal grains, the scale-like parts of flowers, or finely chopped straw. Chaff cannot be digested by humans, but it may be fed to livestock, ploughed into soil, or burned.
Sud Sound System
Sud Sound System is a dancehall reggae sound system from Salento, Apulia, Italy. The group combines Jamaican rhythms and local culture, such as their Salentino dialect in their lyrics and dance moves from pizzica and tarantella.  They are pioneers of Italian ragga music,  a branch of reggae. Although the group is popular throughout Italy, they have become well known for their lyrics—always in dialect—about social, political and economic issues in Southern Italy.

Ragga
Raggamuffin music (or simply ragga) is a subgenre of dancehall and reggae music. The instrumentals primarily consist of electronic music with heavy use of sampling.

Wayne Smith's "Under Mi Sleng Teng", produced by King Jammy in 1985 on a Casio MT-40 synthesizer, is a seminal ragga song. "Sleng Teng" boosted Jammy's popularity immensely, and other producers quickly released their own versions of the riddim, accompanied by dozens of different vocalists.
El Fua
El FUA (Universal Applied Force, or Fuerza Universal Aplicada in Spanish) is an Internet meme involving a viral YouTube video of an intoxicated Mexican man called Julio César Segura, who claims to have divine powers, including fortune-telling and revival of the dead.

El Fua became popular after an online news program, Nayarit en Línea, from Nayarit, Mexico, uploaded the video to YouTube.

Tepic
Tepic (Spanish pronunciation: [teˈpik] ⓘ) is the capital and largest city of the western Mexican state of Nayarit, as well as the seat of the Tepic Municipality.

Located in the central part of the state, it stands at an altitude of 915 metres (3,002 ft) above sea level, on the banks of the Río Mololoa and the Río Tepic, approximately 225 kilometres (140 mi) north-west of Guadalajara, Jalisco. Nearby are the volcanoes of San Juan, Las Navajas, and Sangangüey. Tepic is the primary urban center of this rich agricultural region; major crops include sugarcane, tobacco and citrus fruits.

The city was founded in 1531 as Villa del Espíritu Santo de la Mayor España.
Jérôme Dodo Gaye
Jérôme Dodo Gaye (sometimes shown as Jérôme Dogo Gaye, born October 17, 1939) is an Ivorian sprint canoer who competed in the late 1960s. He was eliminated in the repechages of the K-1 1000 m event at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City.

Canoeing at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's K-1 1000 metres
The men's K-1 1000 metres event was an individual kayaking event conducted as part of the Canoeing at the 1968 Summer Olympics program. Heats and the first repechage were timed in tenths of a second (0.1) while semifinals and finals were timed in hundredths of a second (0.01) in the official report.
2014 Lunar New Year Cup
The 88th 2014 Lunar New Year Cup (Chinese: 馬年賀歲盃), also known as the Lunar New Year AET Cup 2014 (Chinese: 2014年AET賀歲盃) due to sponsorship reason, is the annual football event held in Hong Kong in Lunar New Year. Citizen are authorised by the Hong Kong Football Association to hold the event.

Football Association of Hong Kong, China
The Football Association of Hong Kong, China (HKFA, Chinese: 中國香港足球總會; formerly Hong Kong Football Association) is the governing body of association football in Hong Kong. It is currently a member of FIFA, the Asian Football Confederation (AFC), and the East Asian Football Federation (EAFF). Its current chairman is Eric Fok.
Poland at the 2024 Winter Youth Olympics
Poland is scheduled to compete at the 2024 Winter Youth Olympics in Gangwon, South Korea, from 19 January to 1 February 2024, This will be Poland's fourth appearance at the Winter Youth Olympic Games, having competed at every Games since the inaugural edition in 2012.

The Polish delegation comprises 48 athletes (31 men and 17 women) competing in ten sports. Bobsledder Michał Mikołajski and short track speed skater Kornelia Woźniak were the country's flagbearers during the opening ceremony.

2024 Winter Youth Olympics
The 2024 Winter Youth Olympics (Korean: 2024년 동계 청소년 올림픽), officially known as the IV Winter Youth Olympic Games and commonly known as Gangwon 2024 (강원 2024), were a winter multi-sport event, cultural festival, and fourth edition of the Winter Youth Olympics held between 19 January and 1 February 2024 in Gangwon Province, South Korea.

That was the third time South Korea hosted the Olympic Games, after the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul and the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, and the second time the country hosted the Winter games, after the 2018 Olympics. It was also the first Winter Youth Olympics held in Asia, as well as the third overall Youth Olympic Games in the continent, after the 2010 Olympics in Singapore and the 2014 Olympics in Nanjing, China (all Summer Games). It was also the final Youth Olympic Games under the IOC presidency of Thomas Bach.
Pilea trilobata
Pilea trilobata is an endemic Mauritian plant from the genus Pilea within the family Urticaceae. It was first described by botanist Hugh Algernon Weddell in 1854. It was thought to be extinct since 1849 until it was rediscovered in April 2005 in the Corps de Garde Nature Reserve.

Hugh Algernon Weddell
Hugh Algernon Weddell (22 June 1819 – 22 July 1877) was an Anglo-French physician and botanist, and specialised in South American flora after accompanying the botanist Castelnau on an expedition into the Andes from 1843 to 1848.
Bernie Miklasz
Bernie Miklasz (born Bernard Joseph Miklasz February 15, 1959) is an American sportswriter and sports radio personality. As of 2025 he is a contributor for Sports Hub STL, KMOX, and Foul Territory.

A native of Baltimore, Maryland, Miklasz worked at the Baltimore News-American and The Dallas Morning News before moving to St. Louis in 1985 to cover professional football for the St. Louis Post-Dispatch. He was the lead sports columnist at the Post-Dispatch from 1999 to 2015. He hosted the morning show on 101 ESPN in St. Louis from 2015 to 2020.

Sports journalism
Sports journalism is a form of writing that reports on sporting topics and competitions.

The appetite for sports resulted in sports-only media such as Sports Illustrated and ESPN. There are many different forms of sports journalism, ranging from play-by-play and game recaps to analysis and investigative journalism on important developments in the sport. Technology and the internet age has massively changed the sports journalism space as it is struggling with the same problems that the broader category of print journalism is struggling with, mainly not being able to cover costs due to falling subscriptions. New forms of internet blogging and tweeting in the current millennium have pushed the boundaries of sports journalism.
Orbiter (comics)
Orbiter is a graphic novel by Warren Ellis and Colleen Doran, published in 2003 by DC Comics under their Vertigo imprint.

Ellis and Doran, both spaceflight enthusiasts, dedicated Orbiter to the "lives, memories and legacies" of the astronauts who died in the 2003 Columbia disaster.

Imprint (trade name)
An imprint of a publisher is a trade name under which it publishes a work. A single publishing company may have multiple imprints, often using the different names as brands to market works to various demographic consumer segments.
Lucian Smeets
Dr. Lucian Smeets was a Belgian stamp forger operating around the early 1900s.

Smeets used a sophisticated method of taking an original stamp with the correct perforations, paper and watermark for the one he wished to forge, fading out the printing and then printing a new design of the desired stamp on the blank.

Among the stamps Smeets is believed to have forged are:

British Solomon Islands Protectorate canoe stamps.

British Victorian stamps.

Nevis.

Serbian stamps of 1901 and 1904.

Postage stamps and postal history of the United Kingdom
Postage stamps and postal history of the United Kingdom surveys postal history and the postage stamps issued by that country (known in philatelic circles as "Great Britain"), and its various historical territories until the present day.

The postal history of the United Kingdom is notable in at least two respects: first, for the introduction of postage stamps in 1840, and secondly for the establishment of an efficient postal system throughout the British Empire, laying the foundation of many national systems still in existence today. As the originator of postage stamps, the UK is the only country that does not need to specify the country on its stamps, but only the denomination.
Viking Flagship
Viking Flagship (1987–2000) was an Irish racehorse who began his racing career in October 1989 as a 2-year-old. He was first trained by his breeder, Eithne C Holdsworth, in Co. Kilkenny and then by Martin Pipe. He had 18 starts in Ireland with these two trainers, all in Ireland, but did not win any of them.

Castleford Chase
The Castleford Chase is a National Hunt handicap steeplechase (horse racing) in Great Britain which is open to horses aged four years or older.. It is run over a distance of about 1 mile and 7 furlongs (1 mile 7 furlongs and 36 yards, or 3,050 metres) at Wetherby Racecourse in late December. There are thirteen fences to be jumped in the race.

The Castleford Chase's recent history has seen a number of changes in conditions and status. Until 1989 it was run as a limited handicap. In 1990 it was upgraded to a Grade 1 race and run as a conditions chase for the first time. From 1998 it reverted to a limited handicap and was downgraded to Grade 2 status. In 2006 it was replaced as a Grade 2 chase in the calendar by Kempton Park's newly inaugurated Desert Orchid Chase and became a handicap chase for horses rated between 0 and 145.
Classification of discontinuities
While continuous functions are important in mathematics, not all functions are continuous. If a function is not continuous at a limit point (also called an "accumulation point" or "cluster point") of its domain, it has a discontinuity there. The set of all points of discontinuity of a function may be a discrete set, a dense set, or even the entire domain of the function.

Isolated point
In mathematics, a point x is called an isolated point of a subset S (in a topological space X) if x is an element of S and there exists a neighborhood of x that does not contain any other points of S. This is equivalent to saying that the singleton {x}  is an open set in the topological space S (considered as a subspace of X). Another equivalent formulation is: an element x of S is an isolated point of S if and only if it is not a limit point of S.

If the space X is a metric space, for example a Euclidean space, then an element x of S is an isolated point of S if there exists an open ball around x that contains only finitely many elements of S.
A point set that is made up only of isolated points is called a discrete set or discrete point set (see also discrete space).
Hardwick Lodge Meadow
Hardwick Lodge Meadow is a 10 hectare biological Site of Special Scientific Interest north-west of Wellingborough in Northamptonshire.

This unimproved grassland on boulder clay has a rich variety of flora, including many rare in the county. Crested hair-grass and salad burnet are found in drier parts, and a marshy area next to a stream has common spotted-orchid and the only population in Northamptonshire of heath spotted-orchid.

There is access by a footpath which crosses the field.

Dactylorhiza maculata
Dactylorhiza maculata, known as the heath spotted-orchid or moorland spotted orchid, is a herbaceous perennial plant of the family Orchidaceae. It is widespread in mountainous regions across much of Europe from Portugal and Iceland east to Russia. It is also found in Algeria, Morocco, and western Siberia. It prefers woods, moorland, bogs, marshes, pastureland and meadows.
Beacon Banjo Company
The Beacon Banjo Company of Woodstock, New York was founded in January 1964 by banjo player Bill Keith and his college friend Dan Bump to manufacture and market their new D-tuners, now commonly called Keith tuners. With these tuners, banjo players can change pitches accurately while playing.

Woodstock, New York
Woodstock is a town in Ulster County, New York, United States, in the northern part of the county, northwest of Kingston. It lies within the borders of the Catskill Park. The population was 6,287 at the 2020 census, up from 5,884 in 2010.

Although local Woodstock Sound-Outs were staged in the local area, the actual "Woodstock" Festival was held almost 60 miles (97 km) away at Max Yasgur's farm in the town of Bethel.
Corymb
Corymb is a botanical term for an inflorescence with the flowers growing in such a fashion that the outermost are borne on longer pedicels than the inner, bringing all flowers up to a common level. A corymb has a flattish top with a superficial resemblance towards an umbel, and may have a branching structure similar to a panicle. Flowers in a corymb structure can either be parallel, or alternate, and form in either a convex, or flat form.

Many species in the Maloideae, such as hawthorns and rowans, produce their flowers in corymbs. The Norway maple and yerba maté are also examples of corymbs.

The word corymb is derived from the Ancient Greek word κόρυμβος, korymbos meaning "bunch of flowers or fruit".

Racemose corymb

Iberis umbellata or candytuft (racemose corymb)

Cymose corymb

Sambucus nigra or elder(cymose corymb)

Crataegus
Crataegus (/krəˈtiːɡəs/), commonly called hawthorn, quickthorn, thornapple, May-tree, whitethorn, Mayflower or hawberry, is a genus of several hundred species of shrubs and trees in the family Rosaceae, native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere in Europe, Asia, North Africa and North America. The name "hawthorn" was originally applied to the species native to northern Europe, especially the common hawthorn C. monogyna, and the unmodified name is often so used in Britain and Ireland. The name is now also applied to the entire genus and to the related Asian genus Rhaphiolepis.
Long Phú district
Long Phú is a rural district of Sóc Trăng province in the Mekong River Delta region of Vietnam. As of 2003 the district had a population of 181,438. The district covers an area of 442 km2. The district capital lies at Long Phú.

District (Vietnam)
Districts (Vietnamese: huyện), also known as rural districts or counties, were one of several types of former second-tier administrative subdivisions of Vietnam, the other types being urban districts (Vietnamese: quận), provincial cities (thành phố trực thuộc tỉnh), municipal cities (thành phố thuộc thành phố trực thuộc trung ương), and district-level towns (thị xã). The districts were subdivisions of the first-tier divisions, namely the provinces and municipalities. Districts were subdivided into third-tier units, namely townships and communes.

Districts and the whole second-tier of administrative subdivisions of Vietnam were eliminated in 2025, following a major governmental reform.