hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dallam's Decisions
Dallam's Decisions is a case law reporter that was published by James Wilmer Dallam in Texas that included opinions of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Texas, with the exception of the final year of the court (1845).  It has the only record of opinions for the court, as no official reporter was published.  The opinions were first printed in 1845, in "Dallam's Digest of Texas Laws" on pages 357–632.  It was reprinted in 1881, using the same pagination as the original.

Judgment (law)
In law, a judgment is a decision of a court regarding the rights and liabilities of parties in a legal action or proceeding. Judgments also generally provide the court's explanation of why it has chosen to make a particular court order.

Speakers of British English tend to use the term at the appellate level as synonymous with judicial opinion. American English speakers prefer to maintain a clear distinction between the opinion of an appellate court (setting forth reasons for the disposition of an appeal) and the judgment of an appellate court (the pronouncement of the disposition itself).

In Canadian English, the phrase "reasons for judgment" is often used interchangeably with "judgment," although the former refers to the court's justification of its judgment while the latter refers to the final court order regarding the rights and liabilities of the parties.
Aiglsbach
Aiglsbach (German pronunciation: [ˈaɪɡl̩sˌbax]) is a municipality and municipality in the Lower Bavarian district of Kelheim, Germany, and a member of the Mainburg administrative partnership, a voluntary resource-pooling agreement with three neighbouring municipalities.

Lower Bavaria
Lower Bavaria (German: Niederbayern, pronounced [ˈniːdɐˌbaɪɐn] ⓘ; Bavarian: Niedabayern, Niadabayern, Niedabayan or Niadabayan) is one of the seven administrative regions of Bavaria, Germany, located in the east of the state. It consists of nine districts and 258 municipalities (including three cities).
Guglielmo Boccanegra
Guglielmo Boccanegra was a Genoese statesman, the first capitano del popolo of the Republic of Genoa, from 1257 to 1262, exercising a real lordship, assisted in the government by a council of 32 elders.

Aigues-Mortes
Aigues-Mortes (French pronunciation: [ɛɡmɔʁt]; Occitan: Aigas Mòrtas) is a commune in the Gard department in the Occitania region of southern France.  The medieval city walls surrounding the city are well preserved. Situated on the junction of the Canal du Rhône à Sète and the Chenal Maritime to Le Grau-du-Roi, the town is a transit center for canal craft and Dutch barges.
Mae Phrik, Chiang Rai
Mae Phrik, Chiang Rai (Thai: แม่พริก) is a village and tambon (sub-district) of Mae Suai District, in Chiang Rai Province, Thailand. In 2005 it had a population of 5,808 people. The tambon contains 13 villages.

Chiang Rai province
Chiang Rai (Thai: เชียงราย, pronounced [tɕʰīaŋ rāːj]; Northern Thai: ᨩ᩠ᨿᨦᩁᩣ᩠ᨿ, pronounced [tɕīaŋ hāːj])  is one of Thailand's seventy-six provinces that lies in upper northern Thailand and is Thailand's northernmost province. It is bordered by the Shan State of Myanmar to the north, Bokeo province of Laos to the east, Phayao to the south, Lampang to the southwest, and Chiang Mai to the west. The province is linked to Houayxay, Laos by the Fourth Thai–Lao Friendship Bridge that spans the Mekong.
Nadeem Sheikh
Nadeem N.Z.H. Sheikh (born 31 August 1969) is a Canadian former cricketer.

Sheikh was born at Edmonton in August 1969.

He was first selected to the Canada Under 19 squad in 1987 and participated in the U19 World Cup hosted in England. He was part of the Canadian men's squad playing against visiting teams from 1988 to 1990. Then was a part of the Canadian squad for the 1997–98 Red Stripe Bowl, in which he played two List A one-day matches against Barbados and Guyana. Playing in the Canadian team as a medium-fast bowler, he took 3 wickets in his two matches, with best figures of 2 for 46. These List A matches for Canada marked his only appearances for the team. He later played in 20–over matches for Alberta in the 2008 Scotiabank National T20 Cricket Championship.

1997–98 Red Stripe Bowl
The 1997–98 Red Stripe Bowl was the 24th edition of what is now the Regional Super50, the domestic limited-overs cricket competition for the countries of the West Indies Cricket Board (WICB). It ran from 4 to 20 October 1997, and was the first edition to bear that name.

Eight teams contested the competition – the six regular teams of West Indian domestic cricket (Barbados, Guyana, Jamaica, the Leeward Islands, Trinidad and Tobago, and the Windward Islands), plus two invited international teams from the ICC Americas region (Bermuda and Canada). All matches at the tournament were played either in Guyana or Jamaica, with the semi-finals and final played in the latter, in Discovery Bay. The Leeward Islands eventually defeated Guyana in the final to win their sixth domestic one-day title (and fourth in six seasons). Two Leeward Islands players, Keith Arthurton and Kenny Benjamin, led the tournament in runs and wickets, respectively.
Van Orin, Illinois
Van Orin is an unincorporated community in Bureau County, Illinois, United States. Van Orin is located along Illinois Route 92, east of Ohio and northwest of La Moille.

The community is named after Van Orin Cresap, a predominant citizen and local farmer.  A post office was established in 1872.

Van Orin Elementary School is located in the community.  The school serves the La Moille Community Unit School District No. 303.

Chartered in 1919, the First State Bank of Van Orin is also located in the community.

Illinois Route 92
Illinois Route 92 (IL 92 or Route 92) is an east–west state highway in northwest Illinois. It runs from the Norbert F. Beckey Bridge across the Mississippi River where it meets the eastern end of Iowa Highway 92, east to U.S. Route 34 in La Moille. This is a distance of 106.41 miles (171.25 km). It is part of a continuous 886-mile (1,426 km) four-state "Highway 92" which begins in Torrington, Wyoming, goes through Nebraska and Iowa and before terminating in Illinois.
Eva Buurman
Eva Buurman (born 7 September 1994) is a Dutch professional racing cyclist, who currently rides for UCI Women's WorldTeam Liv AlUla Jayco. Before turning to professional cycling, Buurman was a speed skater.

Liv AlUla Jayco
Liv AlUla Jayco (UCI Code: LIV) is a women's professional cycling team based in Australia which competes in the UCI Women's World Tour and other elite women's events throughout the world.

After being sponsored by Orica for five years, the team secured sponsorship from Mitchelton Wineries and Scott bicycles, and was known as Mitchelton–Scott, from 2018 to 2020.
2014–15 Premier League of Belize
The 2014–15 Premier League of Belize (also known as The Belikin Cup) was the fourth season of the highest competitive football league in Belize, after it was founded in 2011. There were two seasons which were spread over two years, the opening (which was played towards the end of 2014) and the closing (which was played at the beginning of 2015).

Belize Defence Force FC
Belize Defence Force Football Club is a Belizean football team based in Belize City which currently competes in the Premier League of Belize of the Football Federation of Belize. It is sponsored by the country's national army of the same name. The Belize Defence Force F.C (or "Military Football Machine" as they are known at the national level) have won the Belize Premier Football League National Championship three times; the 2009–2010 Opening season,
the 2009–10 Closing season, and the 2010–11 Opening season.

The team is based in Belize. Their home stadium is MCC Grounds.
The Tales of Majid (miniseries)
The Tales of Majid (Persian: قصه‌های مجید) is a 1990 Iranian drama miniseries written, produced and directed by Kiumars Pourahmad based on the book of the same name by Houshang Moradi Kermani. Starring Parvindokht Yazdanian and Mehdi Bagherbeigi.

The main story of Majid's stories was written in Kerman and narrates the moments of a child named Majid who lives with his grandmother (Bibi). Later, this TV series was made from it, which moved the story to Isfahan and in the early 1990s Children and adolescents were broadcast on IRIB TV1.

IRIB TV1
IRIB TV1 (Persian: شبکه یک, romanized: Shabakeh-ye Yek, lit. 'Channel One') is one of the 40 national television stations in Iran.

IRIB TV1 was the first national television station in Iran, and is now the oldest Iranian television station having been established in 1958. The channel is referred to by some as the National Channel, as most of Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting's television budget is set aside for this station.

The station has a wide range of programming such as drama series, television premieres of major Iranian movies, and talk shows. Children's shows also air in reruns, but most of them air first-run on IRIB TV2's youth programming block. The station also has the most watched Iranian news broadcast and televises the Friday prayers. The station televised major sporting events until IRIB TV3 attained the rights for those broadcasts, as well as numerous viewers.

This station has been subjected to human rights abuses by airing forced confessions on live television.
Progressive Muslim League
The Progressive Muslim League was a political party in West Bengal, India. The party emerged ahead of the 1969 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election. The party won three seats in the West Bengal Legislative Assembly; Nasiruddin Khan in Naoda, Ahammad Aktabuddin in Hariharpara and Harun-or-Rashid in Deganga. The party had contested 40 out of 280 seats in the election, obtaining 208,574 votes (1.56% of the state-wide vote). The party supported the United Front government in the state, without joining it.

In the 1971 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election, the PML fielded two candidates, none of whom was elected. The party obtained 13,821 votes (0.11%).

West Bengal Legislative Assembly
The West Bengal Legislative Assembly is the unicameral legislature of the Indian state of West Bengal. It is located in the B. B. D. Bagh area of Kolkata, the capital of the state. Members of the Legislative assembly are directly elected by the people. The legislative assembly comprises 294 Members of Legislative Assembly, all directly elected from single-seat constituencies. Its term is five years, unless sooner dissolved.
Tsumebite
Tsumebite is a rare phosphate mineral named in 1912 after the locality where it was first found, the Tsumeb mine in Namibia, well known to mineral collectors for the wide range of minerals found there. Tsumebite is a compound phosphate and sulfate of lead and copper, with hydroxyl, formula Pb2Cu(PO4)(SO4)(OH).  There is a similar mineral called arsentsumebite, where the phosphate group PO4 is replaced by the arsenate group AsO4, giving the formula Pb2Cu(AsO4)(SO4)(OH).  Both minerals are members of the brackebuschite group.

Space group
In mathematics, physics and chemistry, a space group is the symmetry group of a repeating pattern in space, usually in three dimensions. The elements of a space group (its symmetry operations) are the rigid transformations of the pattern that leave it unchanged. In three dimensions, space groups are classified into 219 distinct types, or 230 types if chiral copies are considered distinct. Space groups are discrete cocompact groups of isometries of an oriented Euclidean space in any number of dimensions. In dimensions other than 3, they are sometimes called Bieberbach groups.

In crystallography, space groups are also called the crystallographic or Fedorov groups, and represent a description of the symmetry of the crystal. A definitive source regarding 3-dimensional space groups is the International Tables for Crystallography Hahn (2002).
Natural Resources Council of Maine
The Natural Resources Council of Maine (NRCM) is a Maine-based, 501(c)(3) non-profit organization, with offices in Augusta, Maine. Founded in 1959 as a small, volunteer-based environmental advocacy group, NRCM has grown to be Maine's largest environmental advocacy organization, with more than 25,000 supporters and activists and a staff of 28, including science and policy experts.

Penobscot River
The Penobscot River (Abenaki: Pαnawάhpskewtəkʷ) is a 109-mile-long (175 km) river in the U.S. state of Maine.  Including the river's West Branch and South Branch increases the Penobscot's length to 264 miles (425 km), making it the second-longest river system in Maine and the longest entirely in the state.  Its drainage basin contains 8,610 square miles (22,300 km2).

It arises from four branches in several lakes in north-central Maine, which flow generally east. After the uniting of the West Branch with the East Branch at Medway (45°36′14″N 68°31′52″W﻿ / ﻿45.604°N 68.531°W﻿ / 45.604; -68.531﻿ (Penobscot River source)), the Penobscot flows 109 miles (175 km) south, past the city of Bangor, where it becomes navigable. Also at Bangor is the tributary Kenduskeag Stream. It empties into the Atlantic Ocean in Penobscot Bay. It is home to the Penobscot people that live on Indian Island, and considered to be The People's lifeblood.
Mexican Federal Highway 97
Federal Highway 97 (Carretera Federal 97) is a Federal Highway of Mexico. The highway travels from Reynosa, Tamaulipas in the north to Ampliación la Loma, Tamaulipas to the south. The southern terminus of the highway is just north of General Francisco Villa, Tamaulipas.

Reynosa
Reynosa (Spanish pronunciation: [rejˈnosa]) is a border city in the northern part of the state of Tamaulipas, in Mexico which also holds the municipal seat of Reynosa Municipality.

The city is located on the southern bank of the Rio Grande in the international Reynosa–McAllen metro area, directly across the Mexican border from Hidalgo, Texas.

As of 2025, the city of Reynosa has a population of 691,557. If the floating population is included, the total can reach approximately 1,000,000.
Caragh M. O'Brien
Caragh M. O'Brien is an American novelist, best known as the author of the Birthmarked trilogy, a series of young adult, dystopian novels. Her books take place in a world destroyed by climate change. She also wrote an adult novel, Annie Bot, about a malfunctioning gynoid companion, under the pen name Sierra Greer.

Gynoid
A gynoid, robotess or fembot is a feminine humanoid robot. The depiction of gynoids in science fiction films and artwork is a noted cultural phenomenon, with questions being posed about sexualization and use as sex objects. As the design of more realistic humanoid robots becomes technologically possible, gynoids are also emerging in real-life robotic applications.
Charles the Gorilla
Charles the Gorilla (c. September 23, 1972 – October 29, 2024) was a wild-born western lowland gorilla from Gabon, West Africa who was notable for being the silverback of the Toronto Zoo's gorilla troop from September 1974 until his death in October 2024.

Western lowland gorilla
The western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) is one of two Critically Endangered subspecies of the western gorilla (Gorilla gorilla) that lives in montane, primary and secondary forest and lowland swampland in central Africa in Angola (Cabinda Province), Cameroon, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea and Gabon. It is the nominate subspecies of the western gorilla, and the smallest of the four gorilla subspecies.

The western lowland gorilla is the only subspecies kept in zoos with the exception of Amahoro, a female eastern lowland gorilla at Antwerp Zoo, and a few mountain gorillas kept captive in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Ten Winters
Ten Winters (Italian: Dieci inverni) is a 2009 Italian romance film directed by Valerio Mieli. It is based on the novel with the same title written by Mieli himself. The film premiered at the 66th Venice International Film Festival.  For this film Mieli won the David di Donatello for Best New Director and the Nastro d'Argento in the same category.

David di Donatello for Best Directorial Debut
The David di Donatello for Best Directorial Debut (Italian: David di Donatello per il miglior esordio alla regia), known as the David di Donatello per il miglior regista esordiente prior to 2023, is a film award presented annually by the Accademia del Cinema Italiano (ACI, Academy of Italian Cinema) to recognize the outstanding feature-film directorial debut of a film director who has worked within the Italian film industry during the year preceding the ceremony. The award was first handled out in 1982.

Nominees and winners are selected via runoff voting by all members of the Accademia.
The Journal of Ethics
The Journal of Ethics is a philosophical academic journal focusing on ethics. Its editor-in-chief is J. Angelo Corlett.

The journal was established in 1997 and is published by Springer Netherlands. Notable contributors are Richard Arneson, Simon Blackburn, G. A. Cohen, Ronald Dworkin, John Martin Fischer, Harry Frankfurt, Margaret Gilbert, Robert E. Goodin, Gilbert Harman, Ted Honderich, Shelly Kagan, Frances Kamm, Christine Korsgaard, Michael McKenna, Jeff McMahan, Martha Nussbaum, Thomas Pogge, Henry S. Richardson, Peter Singer, Peter Vallentyne, Peter van Inwagen, Jeremy Waldron, and Jonathan Wolff.

Frances Kamm
Frances Myrna Kamm (/kæm/) is an American philosopher specializing in normative and applied ethics. Kamm is currently the Henry Rutgers University Professor of Philosophy and Distinguished Professor of Philosophy at Rutgers University in New Brunswick, New Jersey. She is also the Littauer Professor of Philosophy and Public Policy Emerita at Harvard University's John F. Kennedy School of Government, as well as Professor Emerita in the Department of Philosophy at New York University.
Elizabeth G. Loboa
Elizabeth G. Loboa (born 1966) is an American biomedical engineer, inventor, and academic administrator. Loboa is currently Provost and Executive Vice Chancellor at the University of Denver. She joined the university in July 2025. Previously, she was dean of the College of Engineering at the University of Missouri from 2015 to 2020 and provost of Southern Methodist University (SMU) from 2020 to 2025. During her tenure at SMU, the university achieved Carnegie R1 Status, grew its enrollment, and invested heavily in supercomputing.

Loboa is a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

Provost (education)
A provost is a senior academic administrator. At many institutions of higher education, the provost is the chief academic officer, a role that may be combined with being deputy to the chief executive officer. In some institutions, they may be the chief executive officer of a university, of a branch campus of a university, or of a college within a university.
2024 AFL Women's Grand Final
The 2024 AFL Women's Grand Final was an Australian rules football match which was held on 30 November at Ikon Park to determine the premiers of the ninth season of the AFL Women's (AFLW) competition. The match was between North Melbourne and Brisbane, and was the second consecutive grand final to feature the matchup. North Melbourne beat the Lions by 30 points. This was the club's first premiership in the AFLW and the first premiership of an expansion club.

Kate McCarthy
Kate McCarthy (born 24 October 1992) is a former Australian rules footballer, media personality and sports commentator who played for the Brisbane Lions, St Kilda Football Club, and Hawthorn Football Club in the AFL Women's (AFLW).
Per Schlingmann
Per Schlingmann (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈpæːr ˈʂlɪ̌ŋːman]; born 16 October 1970 in Borås) was the party secretary of the Swedish Moderate Party between 28 September 2006 and 1 October 2010 (succeeding Sven Otto Littorin), and a prominent figure in its political reorientation following the 2002 election defeat and leading to its 2006 election success.

From 11 October 2010 to 24 May 2012, Sclingmann served as State Secretary for Communications to the Prime Minister.

State secretary (Sweden)
State secretary (Swedish: statssekreterare) is the title of the senior political appointee, second in rank to the cabinet minister (Swedish: Statsråd) in charge of the ministry. Unlike ministers, state secretaries are not members of the government.

Each cabinet minister is appointed a state secretary to help with administrative duties. Some cabinet ministers of higher rank, like the prime minister and the minister for finance, have more than one state secretary. If a minister dies or resigns, or if a government changes, the state secretary also turns in their resignation.

For historical reasons, the state secretary in the Ministry for Foreign Affairs has another title (Swedish: kabinettssekreterare, in English literally "cabinet secretary"). State secretaries tend to, more often than ministers, hail from a fixed civil servant background or a professional background relevant to the area of responsibility of their ministry.
Hot Sugar
Hot Sugar may mean:

Hot Sugar (musician), an American record producer also known as Nick Koenig

"Hot Sugar" (song), a song by Tamar Braxton from Love and War

"Hot Sugar", a song by The Mooney Suzuki from Alive & Amplified

"Hot Sugar", a song by Glass Animals from Dreamland

Hot Sugar (musician)
Nick Koenig, better known by his stage name Hot Sugar, is an American record producer from New York City, New York. He is the owner of the Noise Collector record label. He starred in the 2015 documentary film Hot Sugar's Cold World.
Contemptus mundi
Contemptus mundi, the "contempt of the world" and worldly concerns, is a theme in the intellectual life of both Classical Antiquity and of Christianity, both in its mystical vein and its ambivalence towards secular life, that figures largely in the Western world's history of ideas. In inculcating a turn of mind that would lead to a state of serenity untrammeled by distracting material appetites and feverish emotional connections, which the Greek philosophers called ataraxia, it drew upon the assumptions of Stoicism and a neoplatonism  that was distrustful of deceptive and spurious appearances. In the familiar rhetorical polarity in Hellenic philosophy between the active and the contemplative life, which Christians, who expressly rejected "the World, the Flesh, and the Devil", might exemplify as the way of Martha and the way of Mary, contemptus mundi assumed that only the contemplative life was of lasting value and the world an empty shell, a vanity.

Martha
Martha (Aramaic: מָרְתָא‎) is a biblical figure described in the Gospels of Luke and John. Together with her siblings Lazarus and Mary of Bethany, she is described as living in the village of Bethany near Jerusalem and witnessing Jesus resurrecting her brother, Lazarus.
Scotson
Scotson is a surname. Notable persons with this name include:

Callum Scotson (born 1996), Australian cyclist

Frederick Scotson Clark (1840–1883), English organist and composer

Miles Scotson (born 1994), Australian cyclist, brother of Callum

Reg Scotson (1919–1999), English footballer

Miles Scotson
Miles Scotson (born 18 January 1994) is an Australian track and road cycling racer, who currently rides for UCI WorldTeam Arkéa–B&B Hotels. Scotson was a student at Trinity College Gawler, completing his studies in 2011. Scotson's first professional victory was the 2017 Australian National Road Race Championships. In May 2019, he was named in the startlist for the 2019 Giro d'Italia.

Scotson's younger brother Callum Scotson is also a successful professional cyclist and former Trinity student, who currently rides for UCI WorldTeam Team Jayco–AlUla.