hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jim Thom
James Robert Thom (22 November 1910 — 13 December 1981) was a Scottish international rugby union player.

Thom was born in Kirkcaldy and educated at George Watson's College in Edinburgh.

A prop, Thom was capped three times for Scotland in the 1933 Home Nations.

Thom held a forestry degree from the University of Edinburgh. He worked as a conservator and held high ranking positions with the Forestry Commission. His son, J. Stuart Thom, was the Conservative candidate for Roxburgh, Selkirk and Peebles in the 1974 general election (February), losing to David Steel.

George Watson's College
George Watson's College is a co-educational private day school in Scotland, situated on Colinton Road, in the Merchiston area of Edinburgh. It was first established as a hospital school in 1723, became a day school in 1871, and was merged with its sister school George Watson's Ladies College in 1974. It is a Merchant Company of Edinburgh school and a member of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference.
Carludovica
Carludovica is a genus in the family Cyclanthaceae.  It is native to tropical America, from southern Mexico and Guatemala to Ecuador and Bolivia. Carludovica is named in honor of Charles IV of Spain and his wife Maria Luisa of Parma.

Maria Luisa of Parma
Maria Luisa of Parma (Luisa Maria Teresa Anna; 9 December 1751 – 2 January 1819) was, by marriage to King Charles IV of Spain, Queen of Spain from 1788 to 1808 leading up to the Peninsular War. Her relationship with Manuel Godoy and influence over the King made her unpopular among the people and aristocrats. She was rivals with the Duchess of Alba and the Duchess of Osuna. The death of her daughter-in-law Princess Maria Antonia of Naples and Sicily, whom she disliked, was said to be the result of poisoning by the Queen.
Lectures on Theoretical Physics
Lectures on Theoretical Physics is a six-volume series of physics textbooks translated from Arnold Sommerfeld's classic German texts Vorlesungen über Theoretische Physik. The series includes the volumes Mechanics, Mechanics of Deformable Bodies, Electrodynamics, Optics, Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics, and Partial Differential Equations in Physics. Focusing on one subject each semester, the lectures formed a three-year cycle of courses that Sommerfeld repeatedly taught at LMU Munich for over thirty years. Sommerfeld's lectures were famous and he was held to be one of the greatest physics lecturers of his time.

ScienceDirect
ScienceDirect is a searchable web-based bibliographic database, which provides  access to full texts  of scientific and medical publications of the Dutch publisher Elsevier as well of several small academic publishers. It hosts over 18 million publications from more than 4,000 academic journals and 30,000 e-books. The access to the full-text requires subscription, while the bibliographic metadata are free to read.  ScienceDirect was launched by Elsevier in March 1997.
Aryeh Neier
Aryeh Neier (born April 22, 1937) is an American human rights activist who co-founded Human Rights Watch, served as the inaugural president of George Soros's  Open Society Institute philanthropy network from 1993 to 2012, directed the New York Civil Liberties Union from 1964 to 1970, and then served as the national Executive Director of the American Civil Liberties Union from 1970 to 1978. Neier was also involved with the creation of the group SDS by being directly involved in the group SLID's renaming.

Students for a Democratic Society
Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) was a national student activist organization in the United States during the 1960s and was one of the principal representations of the New Left. Disdaining permanent leaders, hierarchical relationships and parliamentary procedure, the founders conceived of the organization as a broad exercise in "participatory democracy". From its launch in 1960, it grew rapidly in the course of the tumultuous decade, with over 300 campus chapters and 30,000 supporters recorded nationwide by its last national convention in 1969. The organization splintered at that convention amidst rivalry between factions seeking to impose national leadership and direction, and disputing "revolutionary" positions on, among other issues, the Vietnam War and Black Power.

A new national network for left-wing student organizing, also calling itself Students for a Democratic Society, was founded in 2006.
Adelphicos latifasciatum
Adelphicos latifasciatum, the Oaxaca burrowing snake, is a colubrid snake described by John D. Lynch and Hobart Muir Smith in 1966.

The Oaxaca burrowing snake lives in the humus of the pine and cloud forests of the Sierra de los Chimalapas and Cerro Baúl in Oaxaca and western Chiapas, Mexico.  It is protected by law in Mexico and also inhabits the La Sepultura Biosphere Reserve and protected forests in Los Chimalapas.

The Oaxaca burrowing snake's biggest threats to survival include forest fires and deforestation.

Chimalapas montane forests
The Chimalapas montane forests is a tropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion in southern Mexico. It includes the montane tropical forests of the Chimalapas region on the boundary between Chiapas and Oaxaca.
2025 ICF Canoe Marathon World Championships
The 2025 ICF Canoe Marathon World Championships were held from 4 to 7 September 2025 in Győr, Hungary. For the first time in the history of the Canoe Marathon World Championships, paracanoe were contested in marathon distances.

Győr
Győr (US: /djɜːr, dʒɜːr/ DYUR, JUR, Hungarian: [ɟøːr] ⓘ; German: Raab; names in other languages) is the main city of northwest Hungary, the capital of Győr-Moson-Sopron County and Western Transdanubia region, and – halfway between Budapest and Vienna – situated on one of the important roads of Central Europe. It is the sixth largest city in Hungary, and one of its seven main regional centres. The city has county rights.
Radoslav Bratić
Radoslav Bratić (28 June 1948 in Brestice, near Bileća, Bosnia-Herzegovina – 2 June 2016 in Belgrade, Serbia) was a Serbian writer, playwright and editor. He was also a corresponding member Academy of Sciences and Arts of Republika Srpska.

Belgrade New Cemetery
The New Cemetery (Serbian: Ново гробље, Novo groblje) is a cemetery complex in Belgrade, Serbia, with a distinct history. It is located in Ruzveltova street in Zvezdara municipality. The cemetery was built in 1886 as the third Christian cemetery in Belgrade and as the first architecturally and urbanistically planned cemetery in Serbia.

In addition to graves of ordinary citizens, the cemetery complex also includes special sections: military graves from Serbian-Ottoman War (1876–1877), Serbo-Bulgarian War, Balkan Wars and World Wars, the Alley of the Greats and the Alley of Distinguished Citizens, where some of the most important persons in the history of Serbia are buried. Two Jewish cemeteries (a Sephardic and an Ashkenazi one) are located adjacent to the New Cemetery, but are administrated separately.
Velvet ant
Velvet ants (Mutillidae) are a family of more than 7,000 species of wasps whose wingless females resemble large, hairy ants. Their common name velvet ant refers to their resemblance to an ant, and their dense pile of hair, which most often is bright scarlet or orange, but may also be black, white, silver, or gold. Their bright colors serve as aposematic signals. They are known for their extremely painful stings, (the sting of the species Dasymutilla klugii rated a 3 on the Schmidt pain index and lasts up to 30 minutes), and has resulted in the common name "cow killer" or "cow ant" being applied to the species Dasymutilla occidentalis. However, mutillids are not aggressive and sting only in defense. In addition, the actual toxicity of their venom is much lower than that of honey bees or harvester ants. Unlike true ants, they are solitary, and lack complex social systems.

Schmidt sting pain index
The Schmidt sting pain index is a pain scale rating the relative pain caused by different hymenopteran stings. It is mainly the work of Justin O. Schmidt, who was an entomologist at the Carl Hayden Bee Research Center in Arizona.

Schmidt's original 1983 paper was a way to systematize and compare the hemolytic properties of insect venoms. A table in the paper included a column that rated sting pain, starting from 0 for stings that are completely ineffective against humans, progressing through 2 for familiar pains such as those caused by common bee or wasp stings, and finishing at 4 for the most painful stings. Only the bullet ant, Paraponera clavata, was given a rating of 4, although later versions of the index added two more species.

Schmidt repeatedly refined his scale, including a paper published in 1990, which classifies the stings of 78 species and 41 genera of Hymenoptera, and culminating in a book published in 2016.
2012–13 Macedonian Football Cup
The 2012–13 Macedonian Football Cup was the 21st season of Macedonia's football knockout competition. Renova are the defending champions, having won their first title. The 2012–13 champions were FK Teteks who won their second title.

Macedonian Football Cup
The Cup of Macedonia (Macedonian: Куп на Македонија, Kup na Makedonija) is the top knockout tournament and the second most important football competition in North Macedonia after the Macedonian First League championship. The cup was established in 1992 after local clubs had abandoned the Yugoslav First League and Yugoslav Cup competitions following the breakup of Yugoslavia.

As of 2014, a total of 16 clubs have reached the cup finals and the most successful side in the history of the competition is Vardar, who have triumphed 6 times in their 7 cup final appearances. They are followed by Rabotnički and Sloga Jugomagnat, who have won 4 titles.
Urdland Station
Urdland Station (Norwegian: Urdland stasjon) is a railway station on the Bergen Line. It is located at Urdland in the Raundalen valley in Voss Municipality, Vestland county, Norway. The station is served by the Bergen Commuter Rail, operated by Vy Tog, with up to five daily departures in each direction. The station was opened in 1908.

Vy
Vygruppen, branded as Vy, formerly the Norwegian State Railways (Norwegian: Norges Statsbaner, NSB), is a government-owned railway company which operates most passenger train services and many bus services in Norway. The company is owned by the Norwegian Ministry of Transport. Its sub-brands include Vy Buss coach services, CargoNet freight trains and the Swedish train transport company Tågkompaniet.  In 2009, NSB carried 52 million train passengers and 104 million bus passengers.  On 24 April 2019, passenger train and bus services were rebranded as Vy.

The company was established as the Norwegian State Railways (1883–1996). In 1996 the company was split into the new NSB, the infrastructure company, Jernbaneverket and the Norwegian Railway Inspectorate. In 2002, the freight operations were split to the subsidiary CargoNet, and the maintenance department became Mantena. It was controversially renamed Vygruppen in 2019; the then-opposition parties vowed to reverse the name change.
Playthings (magazine)
Playthings was an American trade magazine focusing on the toy and game industry. It was founded in 1902 by editor Robert McCready and publisher Henry C. Nathan, and it was published in physical form by Sandow Media on a monthly basis until Fall 2010 when it became an insert section and was merged with Gifts & Decorative Accessories magazine. Playthings was also published online and supplemented by a weekly email newsletter, Playthings Extra. The magazine won multiple Jesse H. Neal Awards, and was generally regarded as the premier trade magazine of the American toy industry.

Trade magazine
A trade magazine, also called a business-to-business magazine, trade journal, or trade paper (colloquially or disparagingly a trade rag), is a magazine or newspaper whose target audience is people who work in a particular trade or industry. The collective term for this area of publishing is the trade press.
JNJ-39393406
JNJ-39393406 is an experimental medication which is under development by Janssen Pharmaceutica, a division of Johnson & Johnson, for the treatment of depressive disorders and smoking withdrawal. It acts as a selective positive allosteric modulator of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR). It does not act on the α4β2 or α3β4 nAChRs or the serotonin 5-HT3 receptor, and does not interact with a panel of 62 other receptors and enzymes. The drug has been found to lower the agonist and nicotine threshold for activation of the α7 nAChR by 10- to 20-fold and to increase the maximum agonist response of the α7 nAChR by 17- to 20-fold.

As of February 2018, JNJ-39393406 is in phase II clinical trials for both depressive disorders and smoking withdrawal. It was also under investigation for the treatment of schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease, but development for these indications was discontinued.

Alpha-3 beta-4 nicotinic receptor
The alpha-3 beta-4 nicotinic receptor, also known as the α3β4 receptor and the ganglion-type nicotinic receptor, is a type of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, consisting of α3 and β4 subunits. It is located in the autonomic ganglia and adrenal medulla, where activation yields post- and/or presynaptic excitation, mainly by increased Na+ and K+ permeability.

As with other nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, the α3β4 receptor is pentameric [(α3)m(β4)n where m + n = 5]. The exact subunit stoichiometry is not known and it is possible that more than one functional α3β4 receptor assembles in vivo with varying subunit stoichiometries.

Ligands which inhibit the α3β4 receptor have been shown to modulate drug-seeking behavior, making α3β4 a promising target for the development of novel antiaddictive agents.
Kent Opera
Kent Opera was a British opera company active between 1969 and 1989. It was based in Ashford and regular venues included The Orchard Theatre, Dartford; Assembly Halls, Tunbridge Wells; Marlowe Theatre, Canterbury; Kings Theatre, Southsea; Theatre Royal,Norwich, and the Derngate, Northampton. Its operas were performed in English, usually with new translations of the libretto by professor Michael Irwin, but also by Norman Platt or Anne Riddler. For the first two years it performed with the Midland Sinfonia but later had its own orchestra.

Marlowe Theatre
The Marlowe Theatre is a 1,200-seat theatre in Canterbury named after playwright Christopher Marlowe, who was born and attended school in the city. It was named a Stage Awards, 2022 UK Theatre of the Year.

The Marlowe Trust, a not for profit company and registered charity, operates the theatre.
Cycling at the 1984 Summer Olympics – Men's track time trial
The men's track time trial cycling event at the 1984 Summer Olympics took place on 30 July and was one of eight cycling events at the 1984 Olympics. There were 25 competitors from 25 nations, with each nation limited to one cyclist. Two other cyclists entered but did not start. The event was won by Fredy Schmidtke of West Germany, the nation's first victory in the men's track time trial and the third consecutive Games in which a German cyclist won (with East Germany victorious in 1976 and 1980). Curt Harnett earned Canada's first medal in the event with his silver, while France returned to the podium for the first time since 1968 with Fabrice Colas's bronze.

Curt Harnett
Curtis "Curt" Melvin Harnett, CM (born May 14, 1965) is a Canadian racing cyclist. He began cycling as a way to stay in shape for hockey. He competed in four Olympic Games, winning three medals, one silver and two bronze.

Harnett also has three medals from the Commonwealth Games and three medals from the Pan American Games. He held the world record for the 200 metre time trial for 11 years, bested in 2006 by Dutchman Theo Bos. After retiring from cycling in 1996, he attended the Sydney and Athens Olympic Games as a commentator for CBC Sports.

He was inducted into Canada's Sports Hall of Fame in 2005. Harnett was introduced into the Lehigh Valley Velodrome Cycling Hall of Fame. He was the chef de mission for Team Canada at the 2015 Pan American Games and the 2016 Summer Olympics.  In 2018, Harnett was made a Member of the Order of Canada.
Hae bee hiam
Hae bee hiam (Hokkien: 蝦米薟, POJ: hê-bí-hiam) is a traditional dry spiced sambal with dried shrimp (hae bee). It is usually made from small dried shrimp, desiccated coconut shavings, chilli, tamarind (asam), lemongrass, peppercorns, shallots, garlic, turmeric, galangal, and various other spices, traditionally combined by roughly pounding in a mortar and pestle before frying.

Hae bee hiam is used as a condiment or ingredient; for example as the filling in rempah udang.

Cymbopogon
Cymbopogon, also known as lemongrass, barbed wire grass, silky heads, oily heads, Cochin grass, Malabar grass, citronella grass or fever grass, is a genus of Asian, African, Australian, and tropical island plants in the grass family.
Some species (particularly Cymbopogon citratus) are commonly cultivated as culinary and medicinal herbs because of their scent, resembling that of lemons (Citrus limon).
The name Cymbopogon derives from the Greek words kymbe (κύμβη, 'boat') and pogon (πώγων, 'beard') "which mean [that] in most species, the hairy spikelets project from boat-shaped spathes." Lemongrass and its oil are believed to possess therapeutic properties.
Ban Rai, Phitsanulok
Ban Rai (Thai: บ้านไร่) is a subdistrict (tambon) in the Bang Krathum District of Phitsanulok Province, Thailand.

(Not to be confused with Ban Rai, Uthai Thani, which is a district (amphoe) in Uthai Thani Province, Thailand.)

Yom River
The Yom River (Thai: แม่น้ำยม, RTGS: Maenam Yom, pronounced [mɛ̂ː.náːm jōm]; Northern Thai: ᨶᩣᩴ᩶ᩯᨾ᩵ᨿᩫ᩠ᨾ, pronounced [náːm mɛ̂ː.ɲōm]) is a river in Thailand. It is the main tributary of the Nan River (which itself is a tributary of the Chao Phraya River). The Yom River has its source in the Phi Pan Nam Range  in Pong District, Phayao Province. Leaving Phayao, it flows through the Phrae and Sukhothai provinces as the main water resource of both provinces before it joins the Nan River at Chum Saeng District, Nakhon Sawan Province.
The Last Day (The Vampire Diaries)
"The Last Day" is the 20th episode of the second season of The CW television series, The Vampire Diaries and the 42nd episode of the series overall. It originally aired on April 28, 2011. The episode was written by Andrew Chambliss and Brian Young and directed by J. Miller Tobin.

J. Miller Tobin
John Miller Tobin (born January 13, 1961) is an American television director and producer. As a director, Tobin has worked on the television series Oz, The Agency, Numb3rs, Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles, Supernatural, 90210, Gossip Girl, Pretty Little Liars, What/If and The Vampire Diaries; on the latter of which he also served as a producer.

Tobin has directed the film How You Look to Me.  He has also worked as an assistant director on number of feature films, including Fresh (1994) and The 24 Hour Woman (1999).
Bolognini
Bolognini is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Antonio Bolognini (died 1461), Roman Catholic prelate

Carlo Bolognini (1678–1704), Italian painter of the Baroque

Ennio Bolognini (1893–1979), Argentine-born American cellist, guitarist and composer

Eugenia Attendolo Bolognini (1837–1914), Italian noblewoman and philanthropist

Giacomo Bolognini (1664–1734), Italian painter

Giovanni Battista Bolognini (1611–1688), Italian painter and engraver

Maurizio Bolognini (born 1952), Italian post-conceptual artist

Mauro Bolognini (1922–2001), Italian film director

Nepomuceno Bolognini (1823–1900), officer of Garibaldi

Eugenia Attendolo Bolognini
Eugenia Attendolo Bolognini (12 February 1837– 6 April 1914), styled by marriage as duchessa Litta Visconti Arese, was an Italian noblewoman, philanthropist and hostess of a famous literary salon in Milan.

She was, for a time, a lady-in-waiting to the Queen of Italy, Margherita of Savoy. She is most known for her love affair with King Umberto I of Italy, which lasted from the time of his marriage in 1868 until he died in 1900.
Sandeep Pattnaik
Sandeep Pattnaik (born 17 May 1998) is an Indian cricketer. He made his first-class debut for Odisha in the 2016–17 Ranji Trophy on 6 October 2016. He scored his maiden century in his second match for Odisha on 13 October 2016. He made his Twenty20 debut for Odisha in the 2016–17 Inter State Twenty-20 Tournament on 29 January 2017. He made his List A debut for Odisha in the 2016–17 Vijay Hazare Trophy on 25 February 2017.

2016–17 Vijay Hazare Trophy
The 2016–17 Vijay Hazare Trophy was the 24th edition of the Vijay Hazare Trophy, an annual List A cricket tournament in India. It was held between 25 February and 20 March 2017. Tamil Nadu won the tournament, beating Bengal by 37 runs in the final.
William Callister
William Callister MHK (1808–1872) was a Manx timber importer from Ramsey who became a Member of the House of Keys. He was an issuer of a halfpenny trader's currency token in 1831. In October 1865, Callister, together with Samuel Harris, William Moore and Henry Noble founded the Isle of Man Bank.

Ramsey, Isle of Man
Ramsey (Manx: Rhumsaa) is a coastal town in the north of the Isle of Man. It is the island's largest town after Douglas was granted city status in 2024.  Ramsey's population is 8,288 according to the 2021 Census. It has one of the biggest harbours on the Island, and has a prominent semi-derelict pier, called the Queen's Pier (currently under restoration). It was formerly one of the main points of communication with Scotland. Ramsey has also been a route for several invasions by the Vikings and Scots.

Ramsey is also known as "Royal Ramsey" due to royal visits by Queen Victoria and Prince Albert in 1847 and by King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra in 1902.
2-Aminothiazole
2-Aminothiazole is  a heterocyclic amine featuring a thiazole core. It can also be considered a cyclic isothiourea. It possesses an odor similar to pyridine and is soluble in water, alcohols and diethyl ether.  2-Aminothiazole itself is mainly of academic interest, with few exceptions.  It is a precursor to a sulfathiazole ("sulfa drugs").  2-Aminothiazole can be used as a thyroid inhibitor in the treatment of hyperthyroidism.

2-Aminothiazole is prepared from paraldehyde, thiourea, and sulfuryl chloride.

Thiazole
Thiazole (/ˈθaɪ.əzoʊl/), or 1,3-thiazole, is a 5-membered heterocyclic compound that contains both sulfur and nitrogen. The term 'thiazole' also refers to a large family of derivatives. Thiazole itself is a pale yellow liquid with a pyridine-like odor and the molecular formula C3H3NS.  The thiazole ring is notable as a component of the vitamin thiamine (B1).
ConFusion
For the 2021 Eastercon called ConFusion see the 2021 Eastercon

ConFusion is an annual science fiction convention founded in 1974 by a University of Michigan science fiction club known as the Stilyagi Air Corps, and is currently run by the Ann Arbor Science Fiction Association, a not-for-profit group.  Typically, it is held during the third weekend of January.  It is one of the oldest science fiction conventions in Michigan. ConFusion is a regional, general science fiction convention similar to Windycon and Lunacon. The programming consists of panels on science fiction and fantasy, literature, media, science, fandom, art, comics,  music, costuming, etc. with discussions by authors, scientists, fans, and artists. There is a large music track, board games and roleplaying games, KidFusion — a track of programming specifically for kids —and a masquerade or costume contest.

ConFusion has a consuite, as well as room parties hosted by other conventions, WorldCon bids, and local clubs.

Worldcon
The World Science Fiction Convention, branded as Worldcon, is a science fiction convention and the annual convention of the World Science Fiction Society (WSFS). It has been held each year since 1939 (except for the years 1942 to 1945, during World War II). The members of each Worldcon are the members of WSFS, and vote both to select the site of the Worldcon two years later, and to select the winners of the annual Hugo Awards, which are presented at each convention.