hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Top Chef: Boston
Top Chef: Boston is the twelfth season of the American reality television series Top Chef. The season was formally announced on August 20, 2014, and premiered on October 15, 2014. Filming for Season 12 took place from May through June 2014 in locations around Boston, Massachusetts, concluding with a finale in San Miguel de Allende, Guanajuato and the surrounding area. Top Chef: Chicago finalist and Top Chef: All-Stars winner Richard Blais debuted as a recurring judge, joining Tom Colicchio, Gail Simmons, Hugh Acheson, and host Padma Lakshmi on the judging panel. Last Chance Kitchen also returned for its fourth season, beginning with a two-part redemption mid-season and continuing until the first part of the finale. In the season finale, Mei Lin was declared the winner over runner-up Gregory Gourdet. Unlike previous seasons, no Fan Favorite vote was held.

Richard Blais
Richard Blais is an American chef, television personality, restaurateur, and author. He appeared on the reality show cooking show Top Chef, and is known for his take on classic American cuisine. Blais was the runner-up for the fourth season of Top Chef and returned several seasons later to win Top Chef: All-Stars.
National Future
National Future (Italian: Futuro Nazionale, FN) is a nationalist and Eurosceptic political party in Italy formed in February 2026. Its leader is Roberto Vannacci, member of the European Parliament (MEP) and former deputy secretary of the League (Lega).

Edoardo Ziello
Edoardo Ziello (born 11 April 1992) is an Italian politician of Lega. Since 2018, he has been a member of the Chamber of Deputies. Until 2024, he served as city councillor of Pisa and as group leader of Lega in the city council.
Fairy Bones
Fairy Bones is an American alternative rock band from Phoenix, Arizona, fronted by Chelsey Louise on lead vocals and rhythm guitar. In 2015, the band was named "Best Local Band" by Phoenix New Times. Their debut studio album, 0% Fun, was released on February 23, 2018. Fairy Bones has received coverage from publications including Alternative Press, NPR, The Arizona Republic, Impose, and Paste.

The band has also opened for artists such as L7, Highly Suspect, Doll Skin, Mother Mother, Kongos, Alien Ant Farm, Marcy Playground, Fuel, and Kyle Gass Band.

Impose (magazine)
Impose is an American Kansas-based website covering independent music and related culture. It was founded in 2002 as a magazine by Brooklyn, New York–based Derek Evers as a print-only magazine, and has since expanded to include a website and an affiliated record label. Since 2008, it has stopped printing a magazine.

In April 2016, the brand and website was sold to Kansas-based company Answer Media.
Colossoemys
Colossoemys is the nomen dubium of an extinct genus of alligatoroid crocodilian. Based on fossils found in the Solimões Formation, the finds were assigned to Emys macrococcygeanus, a turtle that would have inhabited the Amazon Basin of South America during the Pleistocene epoch. The genus was originally named on the basis of two large procoelous vertebrae, a pubis, and a plastral fragment (likely to be from a turtle rather than a crocodilian). The paucity of material associated with the genus has led Colossoemys to be considered a nomen dubium.

Pubis
In vertebrates, the pubis or pubic bone (Latin: os pubis) forms the lower and anterior part of each side of the hip bone. The pubis is the most forward-facing (ventral and anterior) of the three bones that make up the hip bone. The left and right pubic bones are each made up of three sections; a superior ramus, an inferior ramus, and a body.
Alexander Makarov (ice hockey, born 1989)
Alexander Makarov (born September 28, 1989) is a Russian professional ice hockey defenceman playing with HC Yugra of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL).

Makarov made his Kontinental Hockey League debut with HC Vityaz during the inaugural 2008–09 KHL season.

HC Yugra
Hockey Club Yugra (Russian: Хоккейный клуб Югра), is a professional ice hockey team based in Khanty-Mansiysk, Yugra, Russia. They currently play in the Supreme Hockey League, the second-highest league in Russia, and played in the Kontinental Hockey League from 2010 until 2018.
Indexed language
Indexed languages are a class of formal languages discovered by Alfred Aho; they are described by indexed grammars and can be recognized by nested stack automata.

Indexed languages are a proper subset of context-sensitive languages. They qualify as an abstract family of languages (furthermore a full AFL) and hence satisfy many closure properties. However, they are not closed under intersection or complement.

The class of indexed languages has practical importance in natural language processing as a computationally affordable generalization of context-free languages, since indexed grammars can describe many of the nonlocal constraints occurring in natural languages.

Gerald Gazdar (1988)  and Vijayashanker (1987) introduced a mildly context-sensitive language class now known as linear indexed grammars (LIG). Linear indexed grammars have additional restrictions relative to indexed grammars. LIGs are weakly equivalent (generate the same language class) as tree adjoining grammars.

Alfred Aho
Alfred Vaino Aho (born August 9, 1941) is a Canadian computer scientist best known for his work on programming languages, compilers, and related algorithms, and his textbooks on the art and science of computer programming.

Aho was elected into the National Academy of Engineering in 1999 for his contributions to the fields of algorithms and programming tools.

He and his long-time collaborator Jeffrey Ullman are the recipients of the 2020 Turing Award, generally recognized as the highest distinction in computer science.
Papallacta tree frog
The Papallacta tree frog (Hyloscirtus psarolaimus) is a species of frog in the family Hylidae found in Colombia and Ecuador. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and rivers. Scientists have seen it between 1950 and 2660 meters above sea level in the Cordillera Oriental. It is threatened by habitat loss.

The adult male frog measures about 55.0 mm in snout-vent length and the adult female frog about 60.2 mm. The skin on the frog's back is gray-brown in color with brown and white spots.  The flanks and inner legs are white with dark brown stripes.  The throat and ventrum are gray-white with brown and gray spots.  The iris of the eye is bronze with black reticulations.

This frog's scientific name comes from the Greek word psaros for "mottled" and laimos for "throat."

Hylidae
Hylidae is a wide-ranging family of frogs commonly referred to as "tree frogs and their allies". However, the hylids include a diversity of frog species, many of which do not live in trees, but are terrestrial or semiaquatic.
Contrastive focus reduplication
Contrastive focus reduplication, also called contrastive reduplication, identical constituent compounding, lexical cloning, or the double construction, is a type of syntactic reduplication found in some languages. Doubling a word or phrase – such as "do you like-like him?" – can indicate that the prototypical meaning of the repeated word or phrase is intended.

"As a rough approximation, we can say that the reduplicated modifier singles out a member or subset of the extension of the noun that represents a true, real, default, or prototype instance."

In English, the first part of the reduplicant bears contrastive intonational stress.

Contrastive focus reduplication in English can apply not only to words but also to multi-word phrases such as idioms, or to word stems without their inflectional morphemes.

I talked to him that week, but I didn't talk to him talk to him.

In fact I barely talked to him. Not talk talked.

Syntax
In linguistics, syntax (/ˈsɪntæks/ SIN-taks) is the study of how words and morphemes well-formed combine to form larger units such as phrases and sentences. Central concerns with syntax include word order, grammatical relations, hierarchical sentence structure (constituency), agreement, the nature of crosslinguistic variation, and the relationship between form and meaning (semantics). Diverse approaches, such as generative grammar and functional grammar, offer unique perspectives on syntax, reflecting its complexity and centrality to understanding human language.
2021 German motorcycle Grand Prix
The 2021 German motorcycle Grand Prix (officially known as the Liqui Moly Motorrad Grand Prix Deutschland) was the eighth round of the 2021 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It was held at the Sachsenring in Hohenstein-Ernstthal on 20 June 2021.

Sachsenring
The Sachsenring (German pronunciation: [ˈzaksn̩ʁɪŋ] ⓘ) is a motorsport racing circuit located in Hohenstein-Ernstthal near Chemnitz in Saxony, Germany. Among other events, it features the annual German motorcycle Grand Prix of the FIM Grand Prix motorcycle racing world championship.
Jusqu'aux p'tites heures
Jusqu’ aux p’tites heures (English: "Until the wee hours") is a studio album by Canadian folk band La Bottine Souriante. Released in 1991, it contains an assortment of reels as well as traditional songs with the addition of modern instruments. The theme of alcohol is recurrent in this album. The album was certified Platinum by the CRIA in December 2002.

Music Canada
Music Canada is a non-profit trade organization that was founded 9 April 1963 in Toronto to represent the interests of companies that record, manufacture, produce, and distribute music in Canada. It also offers benefits to some of Canada's leading independent record labels and distributors. It was known as the Canadian Record Manufacturer's Association (French: Association canadienne des fabricants de disques) until 1972 and the Canadian Recording Industry Association (CRIA) (French: Association de l'industrie canadienne de l'enregistrement) until 2011.
Kassam (surname)
Kassam is a surname. Notable people with this name include:

Amir Kassam, academic concerned with conservation agriculture

Faazil Kassam (born 1985), Canadian table tennis player

Firoz Kassam (born 1955), British entrepreneur

Moez Kassam (born 1980), Canadian businessman and philanthropist

Raheem Kassam (born 1986), British political activist and journalist

Shireen Kassam (born 1975), British haematologist, promoter of plant-based nutrition

Raheem Kassam
Raheem J. Kassam (born 1 August 1986) is a British political activist, former editor-in-chief of Breitbart News London, and former chief adviser to former UK Independence Party (UKIP) leader Nigel Farage. Kassam ran in the party's November 2016 leadership election before dropping out of the race on 31 October 2016. He is the former global editor-in-chief of Human Events and most recently became the editor-in-chief of The National Pulse. He has been described as far-right and right-wing by several media publications. He has written two books.
Roelof Oosthuizen
Roelof Oosthuizen (1894 –1947) was a cricketer who played one match of first-class cricket for Border in 1913.

While aged 19 and a boarder at Selborne College in East London, Oosthuizen made his first-class debut for Border, alongside another Selbornian, Lawrence Miles, against the touring MCC in November 1913. He top-scored in Border's second innings with a hard-hitting 23. The MCC players rated him as one of the best young players in South Africa and presented him with an MCC cap.

Despite this initial success, Oosthuizen never played major cricket again. After he left school he returned to the family sheep farm in the Karoo. He fought with South African forces in the South West Africa campaign in World War I.

Oosthuizen died of heart failure at the family farm in 1947, leaving a widow, Elizabeth, and a son, Ochert.

Selborne College
Selborne College is a private English medium male-only school situated in the suburb of Selborne and Belgravia (the suburb was named after the school) of East London in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa; it is one of the few colleges in the Eastern Cape province. It is one of the oldest schools in South Africa. The sister school is Clarendon High School for Girls.
Harald Rønneberg
Harald Johnstein Rønneberg (born 11 August 1973) is a Norwegian television personality.

He was born in Halden, and is an economist by education. He worked in the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation in the early 2000s before switching to TV 2 in 2002. Together with Thomas Numme he hosted the first season of Idol in 2003, and then the Friday night show Senkveld. The duo has also hosted the Spellemannprisen award show.

For his work in Senkveld, Rønneberg received Gullruten awards in 2004 and 2006. In both 2006 and 2007 Rønneberg and Numme were awarded the Se og Hør readers' TV personality of the year award. In 2018, the both of them won the "Honorary Prize" at Gullruten.

Spellemannprisen
Spellemannprisen is a Norwegian music award ceremony presented by IFPI Norge and FONO. It was first awarded in 1973 for the recording year 1972, and has been awarded every year since. It is the most significant award that a group or artist can receive in Norwegian music. The award ceremony is organized by the Spellemann Committee, which is appointed by IFPI Norge and FONO.

The annual ceremony features performances by prominent artists. The awards are presented in a widely viewed broadcast ceremony. The awards are the Norwegian equivalent to the Grammy Awards for music, and it is one of the major awards in Norway along with the Gullruten for television, Amandaprisen for motion pictures, and Heddaprisen for stage performances.
Råcksta metro station
Råcksta metro station is a station on the Green line of the Stockholm metro. It is located in the district of Råcksta, which is part of the borough of Hässelby-Vällingby in the west of the city of Stockholm. The station is situated on an embankment and has a single island platform, with access from a lower level station building on Jämtlandsgatan. The distance to Slussen is 14.8 km (9.2 mi).

The station was inaugurated on 26 October 1952 as a part of the section of line between Hötorget and Vällingby.

As part of Art in the Stockholm metro project, the walls of the ticket hall were decorated with ceramic friezes and hand-glazed tiles by Mia Göransson.

The Vällingby metro depot (Vällingby t-banedepå) is located to the west of the station and accessed from the station by a simple junction.

Råcksta
Råcksta is a district of Västerort, Stockholm, in Hässelby-Vällingby. It is next to the suburbs of Grimsta, Vällingby, Nälsta, Flysta, Beckomberga, Norra Ängby and Blackeberg. It had 4,484 inhabitants in 2005 and is 1.42 km2.

59°21′34.81″N 17°53′12.11″E﻿ / ﻿59.3596694°N 17.8866972°E﻿ / 59.3596694; 17.8866972
1914 Great Grimsby by-election
The 1914 Great Grimsby by-election was a Parliamentary by-election held on 12 May 1914. The constituency returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, elected by the first past the post voting system. It was one of the last by-election contests to take place before the outbreak of the Great War, and provided a good indicator of how the main parties would have performed at an anticipated general election for 1914 or 1915.

Thomas Wing (politician)
Thomas Edward Wing MP (12 August 1853 – 12 May 1935) was a Liberal Party politician in the United Kingdom.

He was elected at the January 1910 general election as member of parliament (MP) for Grimsby, but lost that seat at the general election in December 1910.

He was returned to Parliament as MP for Houghton-le-Spring in County Durham at a by-election in 1913 following the death of the Liberal MP Robert Cameron.  He was defeated again at the 1918 general election, this time by the Labour candidate Robert Richardson.

After his defeat, he unsuccessfully contested the Dartford by-election in 1920.  He also stood in Spennymoor at the 1922 election, Grimsby for the 1924 general election and in Houghton-le-Spring for the 1929 election but never returned to the House of Commons.
Cure for Pain
Cure for Pain is the second studio album by alternative rock band Morphine, released through Rykodisc in September 1993. Jerome Deupree, the band's original drummer, quit due to health problems during the recording of the album and was replaced by Billy Conway.

The tracks "Sheila" and "In Spite of Me" were prominently featured on the soundtrack of the 1994 independent film Spanking the Monkey. The tracks "Dawna" and "Buena" appear in the first season of The Sopranos, and "Buena" appears in the Daria episode "The Teachings of Don Jake," and the barroom scene in the 1997 film Ulee's Gold.

As of 1995, it has sold 107,000 copies in United States and over 300,000 copies worldwide. As of 2017, combined sales of Cure for Pain and 1995's Yes are 661,000 sold copies in United States.

Ulee's Gold
Ulee's Gold is a 1997 American drama film written and directed by Victor Nuñez and starring Peter Fonda. Co-stars include Patricia Richardson, Christine Dunford, Tom Wood, Jessica Biel, J. Kenneth Campbell and Vanessa Zima. It was released by Orion Pictures, with Jonathan Demme receiving presenter credits for his role in the film's financing.

The film's title refers both to the honey the main character Ulee produces as a beekeeper, particularly that made from the nectar of the tupelo tree, and to the hidden money stolen by his son.

The film was the "Centerpiece Premiere" at the 1997 Sundance Film Festival. Fonda won a Golden Globe Award for his performance and was also nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor and a Screen Actors Guild Award.

Van Morrison sings "Tupelo Honey" (the title song of his 1971 album) over the end credits.
Don't Come Back
"Don't Come Back" is a song by Australian pop band Human Nature, released as the third and final single from their third album Human Nature in 2001.

The song is referenced in the Eskimo Joe song "Losing Friends Over Love", from their 2009 album Inshalla.

Eskimo Joe
Eskimo Joe are an Australian alternative rock band that was formed in 1997 by Stuart MacLeod, on lead guitar, Joel Quartermain, on drums and guitar, and Kavyen Temperley, on bass guitar and vocals, in East Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia.

The band has released five additional albums since their debut album Girl was released in 2001: A Song Is a City, released in 2004; Black Fingernails, Red Wine, released in 2006; Inshalla, released in May 2009; Ghosts of the Past, released on 12 August 2011; and Wastelands, released on 20 September 2013. Eskimo Joe have won eight ARIA Music Awards; in 2006, the band achieved four wins—from nine nominations—for work associated with Black Fingernails, Red Wine.
Utilitywise
Utilitywise was a British energy consultancy company based in Tyne and Wear, United Kingdom. The business had operations across the UK at their North Tyneside base, Redditch, Bury St Edmonds, Portsmouth and Leicester, as well as 150 staff in the Czech Republic.

Bury St Edmunds
Bury St Edmunds (/ˈbɛri sənt ˈɛdməndz/), commonly referred to locally as Bury, is a cathedral as well as market town and civil parish in the West Suffolk district, in the county of Suffolk, England. The town is best known for Bury St Edmunds Abbey and St Edmundsbury Cathedral. Bury is the seat of the Diocese of St Edmundsbury and Ipswich of the Church of England, with the episcopal see at St Edmundsbury Cathedral. The town, originally called Beodericsworth, was built on a grid pattern by Abbot Baldwin around 1080. It is known for brewing and malting (Greene King brewery) and for a British Sugar processing factory, where Silver Spoon sugar is produced. The town is the cultural and retail centre for West Suffolk and tourism is a major part of the economy. The built up area had a population of 41,280 at the 2021 census.
Michelle Gagnon
Michelle Gagnon (born 1971) is an American crime fiction novelist. Her bestselling thrillers have been published in more than a dozen countries worldwide. She has dual citizenship in the US and Ireland, and currently lives in San Francisco. Her second novel, Boneyard, was nominated for the Daphne du Maurier award for Excellence in Mystery/Suspense Along with Tamim Ansary, Khaled Hosseini, and Kemble Scott, she is part of the San Francisco Writers Workshop .
Her Young Adult Persef0ne trilogy received starred reviews from Kirkus, VOYA, and School Library Journal, and was an IndieNext pick for Autumn 2012. It was also selected by the esteemed Junior Library Guild, and by the Texas State Library Association for their recommended reading list for teens.

Tamim Ansary
Mir Tamim Ansary (born November 4, 1948, in Kabul, Afghanistan) is an Afghan-American author and public speaker. He is the author of Destiny Disrupted: A History of the World Through Islamic Eyes, West of Kabul, East of New York, and other books concerning Afghan and Muslim history. He was previously a columnist for the encyclopedia website Encarta.
Nemes (surname)
Nemes is a Hungarian surname meaning "noble". Notable people with the surname include:

Sámuel Literáti Nemes (1796–1842), Transylvanian-Hungarian antiquarian

Marcell Nemes (1866–1930), Hungarian financier, art collector and art dealer

Oszkár Abay-Nemes (1913–1959), Hungarian swimmer

Graciela Palau de Nemes (1919–2019), critic of Latin American literature

Les Nemes (born 1960), English bass player

Laszlo Nemes (born 1977), Hungarian film director

Jason Nemes (born 1978), American politician

Sámuel Literáti Nemes
Sámuel Literáti Nemes (1796–1842), Transylvanian-Hungarian antiquarian, infamous for many forgeries which even deceived some of the most renowned Hungarian scholars of the time.

Some Hungarian scholars suspect him to be involved in the forgery of Codex Rohonczi. This opinion goes back as far as 1866, to Károly Szabó (1824-1890), Hungarian historian.
13 Things That Don't Make Sense
13 Things That Don't Make Sense is a non-fiction book by the British writer Michael Brooks, published in both the UK and the US during 2008.

The British subtitle is "The Most Intriguing Scientific Mysteries of Our Time" while the American is "The Most Baffling..." (see image).

Based on an article Brooks wrote for New Scientist in March 2005, the book, aimed at the general reader rather than the science community, contains discussion and description of a number of unresolved issues in science. It is a literary effort to discuss some of the inexplicable anomalies that after centuries science still cannot completely comprehend.

Fine-structure constant
In physics, the fine-structure constant, also known as the Sommerfeld constant, commonly denoted by α (the Greek letter alpha), is a fundamental physical constant that quantifies the strength of the electromagnetic interaction between elementary charged particles.

It is a dimensionless quantity (dimensionless physical constant), independent of the system of units used, which is related to the strength of the coupling of an elementary charge e with the electromagnetic field, by the formula . Its numerical value is approximately 0.0072973525643 ≈ 137.035999177-1, with a relative uncertainty of 1.6×10−10.

The constant was named by Arnold Sommerfeld, who introduced it in 1916 when extending the Bohr model of the atom.  quantified the gap in the fine structure of the spectral lines of the hydrogen atom, which had been measured precisely by Michelson and Morley in 1887.

Why the constant should have this value is not understood, but there are a number of ways to measure its value.
Het Arubaanse Padvindsters Gilde
Het Arubaanse Padvindsters Gilde (APG, The Aruban Guild of Girl Guides) is the national Guiding organization of Aruba. It serves 351 members (as of 2018). Founded in 1941, the girls-only organization became an associate member of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts in 1993 and a full member in 2017.

Girl Guides
Girl Guides (or Girl Scouts in the United States and some other countries) are organisations within the Scout Movement originally and largely still for girls and women only. The Girl Guides began in 1910 with the formation of The Girl Guides Association in the United Kingdom, following which, similar girl-only organisations were formed in other countries. Many girls and some organisations preferred to use the name Girl Scouts.