hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Edgar O. Brown
Edgar Osborne Brown (August 26, 1880 – March 11, 1937) was an American football, basketball and baseball coach and college athletics administrator. He coached at a number of colleges including Parsons College in Fairfield, Iowa, Bethany College in Lindsborg, Kansas, Maryville College in Maryville, Tennessee, Central College—now known as Central Methodist University—in Fayette, Missouri and Arkansas Polytechnic College—now known as Arkansas Tech University—in Russellville, Arkansas. In the 1930s, Brown was the athletic director at the College of the Ozarks—now known as the University of the Ozarks—in Clarksville, Arkansas.

Parsons College
Parsons College was a private liberal arts college from 1875 to 1973 located in Fairfield, Iowa.

The school was named for its wealthy benefactor, Lewis B. Parsons Sr., and was founded in 1875 with one building and 34 students. Over the years new buildings were constructed as enrollment expanded. The school lost its accreditation in 1948 but regained it two years later. In 1955 the school appointed Millard G. Roberts as its president and this began a period of rapid expansion with the student population rising as high as 5,000 by 1966. There was a turning point, however, in 1966 when Life magazine published an article criticizing the college and its president. In the spring of 1967, the school lost its accreditation and Roberts was asked to resign as president. Although they regained their accreditation in the spring of 1970, enrollment had quickly declined and the college floundered with $14 million in debt and closed under bankruptcy in 1973.
N'Gum La
N'Gum La is a village located in the Northern Triangle of the Mali River and N'Mai River, in Kachin State, Burma. It is a village of about 66 households, controlled by the Kachin Independence Army (KIO) First Brigade. The climate is temperate an its economy is based on shifting cultivation.

The Triangle Area is populated by Kachins and some Nùngs. The Hka Hku (up-river) Kachins belong to the gumlao or republican type of community. N'Gum La High School, established in 1970, is also controlled by the KIO. It was burned by Burmese soldiers in 1987, rebuilt in 1986 in bamboo and thatch, and in 2005 with concrete. It is the oldest High school in the history of the Kachin Revolution.

The Northern Triangle area is one of the most biodiverse in the world. The Hkinduyang Valley is home to the hornbills, red pandas, red goral, takin, rare butterflies, and over 20 varieties of native orchids. including ground orchids.

Nùng people
The Nùng (pronounced as noong [nuːŋ]) are a Central Tai-speaking ethnic group living primarily in northeastern Vietnam and southwestern Guangxi. The Nùng sometimes call themselves Thổ, which literally means autochthonous (indigenous or native to the land). Their ethnonym is often mingled with that of the Tày as Tày-Nùng. According to the Vietnam census, the population of the Nùng numbered about 856,412 by 1999, 968,800 by 2009, and 1,083,298 by 2019. They are the third largest Tai-speaking group, preceded by the Tày and the Thái (Black Tai, White Tai and Red Tai groups), and sixth overall among national minority groups.

They are closely related to the Tày and the Zhuang. In China, the Nùng together with the Tày are classified as Zhuang people.
Best practicable environmental option
The Best Practicable Environmental Option (BPEO) is the idea that there is a unique, supremely beneficial—or least environmentally damaging—method of disposing wastes in a cost-effective manner, in both the short- and long-term.

Waste
Waste are unwanted or unusable materials. Waste is any substance discarded after primary use, or is worthless, defective and of no use. A by-product, by contrast is a joint product of relatively minor economic value. A waste product may become a by-product, joint product or resource through an invention that raises a waste product's value above zero.

Examples include municipal solid waste (household garbage), hazardous waste, wastewater (such as sewage, which contains bodily wastes (feces and urine) and surface runoff), radioactive waste, and others.
Reinaldo Colucci
Reinaldo Colucci (born 29 October 1985) is a Brazilian triathlete.

He competed at the 2008 Summer Olympics men's triathlon, where he finished in 37th place and at the 2012 Summer Olympics men's triathlon, where he finished in 35th place. Colucci won the gold medal at the 2011 Pan American Games in Guadalajara and finished 21st at the 2015 Pan American Games.

Triathlon at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Men's
The men's triathlon was part of the Triathlon at the 2008 Summer Olympics programme. It was the event's third appearance, established in 2000. The competition was held on Tuesday, August 19, 2008 at the Triathlon Venue at the Ming Tomb Reservoir in Shisanling. Fifty-five triathletes from 31 nations competed.

The men's triathlon was won by Jan Frodeno of Germany with a time of 1:48:53.28. Simon Whitfield of Canada, who previously won this event in 2000, claimed the silver, while New Zealand's Bevan Docherty, silver medalist at the 2004 Athens, took the bronze. For the first time in Olympic history, two athletes had won more than a single medal in triathlon.
Jack Coupar
John (Jack) Allen Coupar is a Canadian politician. He represented the electoral district of Colchester North in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1984 to 1988. He was a member of the Progressive Conservative Party of Nova Scotia.

Coupar entered provincial politics in the 1984 election, defeating Liberal incumbent Ed Lorraine by 160 votes in Colchester North. Coupar was defeated when he ran for re-election in 1988, losing to Lorraine by 163 votes. In the 1993 election, Coupar ran in the Truro-Bible Hill riding, but was defeated by Liberal Eleanor Norrie by 187 votes.

Progressive Conservative Association of Nova Scotia
The Progressive Conservative Association of Nova Scotia, more commonly known as the Progressive Conservative Party of Nova Scotia, is a political party in Nova Scotia, Canada. Like most conservative parties in Atlantic Canada, it has been historically associated with the Red Tory faction of Canadian conservatism. The party is currently led by Pictou East MLA Tim Houston. The party won a majority government in the 2021 provincial election. He called a snap election in 2024, increasing his party's majority mandate. The Progressive Conservative Party of Nova Scotia and the Conservative Party of Canada are two separate entities.
Deadly force
Deadly force, also known as lethal force, is the use of force that is likely to cause serious bodily injury or death to another person. In most jurisdictions, the use of deadly force is justified only under conditions of extreme necessity as a last resort, when all lesser means have failed or cannot reasonably be employed.

Firearms, bladed weapons, explosives, and vehicles are among those weapons the use of which is considered deadly force. The use of non-traditional weapons in an offensive manner, such as a baseball bat, sharp pencil, tire iron, or other, may also be considered deadly force.

Improvised weapon
An improvised weapon is an object that was not designed to be used as a weapon but can be put to that use. They are generally used for self-defence or if the person is otherwise unarmed. In some cases, improvised weapons are commonly used by attackers in street fights, muggings, murders, gang warfare, during riots, or even during insurgencies, usually when conventional weapons such as firearms are unavailable or inappropriate.

Improvised weapons are common everyday objects that can be used in a variety of defensive applications. The objects are generally used in their normal state; they are not physically altered in any way to make them more functional as weapons.
National Indigenous Congress
The National Indigenous Congress (Congreso Nacional Indígena, CNI) is an organization of communities, nations, towns, neighbourhoods and Indigenous tribes of Mexico. In its own words, the CNI is "... a space of unity, reflection and organization of the Indigenous peoples of Mexico, promoting the integral reconstitution of the original peoples and the construction of a society in which all cultures, all the colors, all the towns that make up Mexico". Since its foundation, among several activities, five national congresses have been held.

Caracol
Caracol is a large ancient Maya archaeological site, located in what is now the Cayo District of Belize. It is situated approximately 40 kilometres (25 mi) south of Xunantunich, and the town of San Ignacio, and 15 km (9.3 mi) from the Macal River. It rests on the Vaca Plateau, at an elevation of 500 m (1,600 ft) above sea-level, in the foothills of the Maya Mountains. Long thought to be a tertiary center, it is now known that the site was one of the most important regional political centers of the Maya Lowlands during the Classic Period. Caracol covered approximately 200 square kilometres (77 sq mi), covering an area much larger than present-day Belize City, the largest metropolitan area in the country, and supported more than twice the modern city's population.
Proenkephalin
Proenkephalin (PENK), formerly known as proenkephalin A (since proenkephalin B was renamed prodynorphin), is an endogenous opioid polypeptide hormone which, via proteolyic cleavage, produces the enkephalin peptides met-enkephalin, and to a lesser extent, leu-enkephalin. Upon cleavage, each proenkephalin peptide results in the generation of four copies of Met-enkephalin, two extended copies of met-enkephalin, and one copy of leu-enkephalin. Contrarily, Leu-enkephalin is predominantly synthesized from prodynorphin, which produces three copies of it per cleavage, and no copies of Met-enkephalin. Other endogenous opioid peptides produced by proenkephalin include adrenorphin, amidorphin, BAM-18, BAM-20P, BAM-22P, peptide B, peptide E, and peptide F.

The following table lists the peptides that are derived from cleavage of the proenkephalin protein.

Endogeny (biology)
Endogeny, in biology, refers to the property of originating or developing from within an organism, tissue, or cell.

For example, endogenous substances, and endogenous processes are those that originate within a living system (e.g. an organism or a cell). For instance, estradiol is an endogenous estrogen hormone produced within the body, whereas ethinylestradiol is an exogenous synthetic estrogen, commonly used in birth control pills.

In contrast, exogenous substances and exogenous processes are those that originate from outside of an organism.
Indori poha
Indori poha (poha of Indore) is a flattened rice snack that is likely to have originated in the Indian metropolis of Indore. It contains steamed poha (flattened rice) and is usually served with a unique combination of jalebi (called poha-jalebi combined), sev, usal, sliced onions and fennel seeds.

Unlike the other varieties of Poha found across India, Indori Poha is cooked in steam instead of being cooked directly with other ingredients. This provides Indori Poha its distinct taste, softness, and flavor. Vendors generally prefer peas instead of peanuts, in contrast to typical Indian poha dishes. Indori poha is generally served with jalebi.

Fennel
Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) is a flowering plant species in the carrot family. It is a hardy, perennial herb with yellow flowers and feathery leaves. It is indigenous to the shores of the Mediterranean but has become widely naturalized in many parts of the world, especially on dry soils near the sea coast and on riverbanks.

It is a highly flavorful herb used in cooking and, along with the similar-tasting anise, is one of the primary ingredients of absinthe. Florence fennel or finocchio (UK: /fɪˈnɒkioʊ/, US: /-ˈnoʊk-/, Italian: [fiˈnɔkkjo]) is a selection with a swollen, bulb-like stem base (sometimes called bulb fennel) that is used as a vegetable.
2024–25 Macedonian Football Cup
The 2024–25 Macedonian Football Cup was the 33rd season of North Macedonia's football knockout competition. Tikvesh were the defending champions, having won their first cup in the previous year.

Vardar won the cup on 21 May 2025 (their sixth Macedonian Football Cup win), defeating Struga 2–1 in the final.

Macedonian Football Cup
The Cup of Macedonia (Macedonian: Куп на Македонија, Kup na Makedonija) is the top knockout tournament and the second most important football competition in North Macedonia after the Macedonian First League championship. The cup was established in 1992 after local clubs had abandoned the Yugoslav First League and Yugoslav Cup competitions following the breakup of Yugoslavia.

As of 2014, a total of 16 clubs have reached the cup finals and the most successful side in the history of the competition is Vardar, who have triumphed 6 times in their 7 cup final appearances. They are followed by Rabotnički and Sloga Jugomagnat, who have won 4 titles.
Stenodrepanum
Stenodrepanum bergii is a species of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It is a perennial subshrub native to northern Argentina. It is the sole member of genus Stenodrepanum. It belongs to tribe Caesalpinieae in subfamily Caesalpinioideae.

Caesalpinioideae
Caesalpinioideae is a botanical name at the rank of subfamily, placed in the large family Fabaceae or Leguminosae. Its name is formed from the generic name Caesalpinia. It is known also as the peacock flower subfamily. The Caesalpinioideae are mainly trees distributed in the moist tropics, but include such temperate species as the honeylocust (Gleditsia triacanthos) and Kentucky coffeetree (Gymnocladus dioicus). It has the following clade-based definition:

The most inclusive crown clade containing Arcoa gonavensis Urb. and Mimosa pudica L., but not Bobgunnia fistuloides (Harms) J. H. Kirkbr. & Wiersema, Duparquetia orchidacea Baill., or Poeppigia procera C.Presl

In some classifications, for example the Cronquist system, the group is recognized at the rank of family, Caesalpiniaceae.
Jeffrey Rentmeister
Jeffrey Rentmeister (born 11 July 1984) is a Belgian football manager and former player who is the head coach of Belgian Division 1 club Union Rochefortoise.

As a player, he spent the majority of his career in Belgium, with additional spells in Luxembourg and England, primarily operating as a central defender. After retiring from professional football, he moved into coaching and sporting management, and since 2022 has served as both sporting director and head coach of Union Rochefortoise, guiding the club to successive promotions within the Belgian football league system.

Sporting Hasselt
Koninklijke Sporting Hasselt, known simply as Sporting Hasselt are a Belgian football team based in Hasselt, capital of the Limburg province, Belgium. They compete in the third-tier Belgian Division 1.
The Duel (Kuprin novel)
The Duel (Russian: Поединок; Poedinok) is a novel by Russian author Aleksandr Kuprin published in 1905. It is generally considered his best work; even though Kuprin's 1896 short story Moloch first made his name known as a writer it was The Duel (1905) which made him famous. Because of it "Kuprin was highly praised by fellow writers including Anton Chekhov, Maxim Gorky, Leonid Andreyev, Nobel Prize-winning Ivan Bunin" and Leo Tolstoy who acclaimed him a true successor to Chekhov.

Ivan Bunin
Ivan Alekseyevich Bunin (/ˈbuːniːn/ BOO-neen or /ˈbuːnɪn/ BOO-nin; Russian: Ива́н Алексе́евич Бу́нин, IPA: [ɪˈvan ɐlʲɪkˈsʲejɪvʲɪdʑ ˈbunʲɪn] ⓘ; 22 October [O.S. 10 October] 1870 – 8 November 1953) was the first Russian writer awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, in 1933.  He was noted for the strict artistry with which he carried on the classical Russian traditions in the writing of prose and poetry. The texture of his poems and stories, sometimes referred to as "Bunin brocade", is considered to be one of the richest in the language.

Best known for his short novels The Village (1910) and Dry Valley (1912), autobiographical novel The Life of Arseniev (1933, 1939), short stories collection Dark Avenues (1946) and 1917–1918 diary Cursed Days (1926), Bunin was a revered figure among white emigres, European critics, and many of his fellow writers, who viewed him as a true heir to the tradition of realism in Russian literature established by Tolstoy and Chekhov.
Punjab FC
Punjab Football Club (formerly known as RoundGlass Punjab FC) is an Indian professional football club founded in Mohali, Punjab. The club competes in the Indian Super League, the top flight of the Indian football league system. It was the first club to win promotion into the Indian Super League, doing so after winning the 2022–23 I-League title.

Mohali
Mohali, officially Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar or  Ajitgarh, is a planned city in the Mohali district in Punjab, India, which is an administrative and a commercial hub lying south-west of Chandigarh. It is the headquarters of the Mohali district and one of the six Municipal Corporations of the State. It is officially named after Sahibzada Ajit Singh, the eldest son of Guru Gobind Singh.

Mohali has developed rapidly as an IT hub of the state of Punjab, and has thus grown in importance. 
The Government of Punjab has initiated significant infrastructure and recreation projects in attempts to increase the standard of living in Mohali. Roads have been built to create networks between Mohali and Chandigarh International Airport to boost its international connectivity.

Mohali was earlier a part of the Rupnagar district and was carved out and made a part of a separate district in 2006.
Canadian Mounties vs. Atomic Invaders
Canadian Mounties vs. Atomic Invaders (1953) is a Republic Movie serial starring Bill Henry and both produced and directed by Franklin Adreon.  It was the sixty-second serial (of sixty-six) produced by Republic.  Despite the title, this is not a science fiction serial.  The plot is a northern Cold War adventure involving secret missile bases and a planned invasion of the United States.

Henchman
A henchman is a loyal employee, supporter, or aide to some powerful figure engaged in nefarious or criminal enterprises. Henchmen are typically relatively unimportant in the organisation: minions whose value lies primarily in their unquestioning loyalty to their leader. The term henchman is often used derisively, or even comically, to refer to individuals of low status who lack any moral compass of their own.

The term henchman originally referred to one who attended a horse for their employer, that is, a horse groom. Hence, like constable and marshal, also originally stable staff, henchman became the title of a subordinate official in a royal court or noble household.
House and Garden Western Suburbs, Melbourne
House and Garden Western Suburbs, Melbourne is a 1988 painting by Australian artist Howard Arkley. The diptych depicts a house typical of those in suburban Melbourne, reflecting Arkley's interest in Australian suburbia. The source was a real estate advertisement showing a house in Deer Park, an outer western suburb of Melbourne.

Although the image is familiar and cheerful, almost like an advertisement in a real estate magazine, there is something alienating and isolated about the obsessive neatness, lack of human figures and the shadowy windows.

The painting is part of the collection of the National Gallery of Australia in Canberra, purchased directly from the artist in 1988.

Diptych
A diptych (/ˈdɪptɪk/, DIP-tick) is any object with two flat plates which form a pair, often attached by a hinge. For example, the standard notebook and school exercise book of the ancient world was a diptych consisting of a pair of such plates that contained a recessed space filled with wax. Writing was accomplished by scratching the wax surface with a stylus. When the notes were no longer needed, the wax could be slightly heated and then smoothed to allow reuse. Ordinary versions had wooden frames, but more luxurious diptychs were crafted with more expensive materials.
Hostage incident at Lake Qargha
Armed Taliban militants performed a major attack on a popular lakefront resort on Lake Qargha near Kabul. The attack happened just before midnight. The Taliban militants shot several guards and took over 250-300 hostages and held them at gunpoint and armed with explosives. A wedding party of some 300 guests hid in the lake for several hours until the situation was dealt with by a combined force of ANA and ISAF troops as well as air support. Some 12 hours later the death toll stood at 21, including 17 civilians inside the resort hotel in addition to a policeman and several security guards. Norwegian soldiers from the Forsvarets Spesialkommando mentoring ANA was heavily involved in dealing with the situation and rescue of guests.

The Taliban claimed responsibility for the attack, claiming that they attacked the restaurant to frame foreigners and "indecent behavior" such as drinking alcohol.

Qargha Dam
Qargha Dam (Dari: بند قرغه; Pashto: د قرغې بند) is located in the town of Qargha, about 10 mi (16 km) west from the Shahr-e Naw neighborhood of Kabul, Afghanistan. It is an embankment dam built on the Paghman River, with a side channel spillway under the road running on top of the dam. Its reservoir can hold up to 12,000,000 m3 (420,000,000 cu ft) of water, which is used for irrigation purposes. The dam is named after the town.
Limestone wren-babbler
Limestone wren-babbler has been split into three species:

Annam limestone babbler, Gypsophila annamensis

Rufous limestone babbler, Gypsophila calcicola

Variable limestone babbler, Gypsophila crispifrons

Annam limestone babbler
The Annam limestone babbler (Gypsophila annamensis), also known as the khướu đá hoa in Vietnamese, is a species of bird in the family Pellorneidae.
It is native to the limestone hills of northern Indochina. It was formerly considered a subspecies of the variable limestone babbler (G. crispifrons) but a 2020 study recovered it as a distinct species.

Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and subtropical or tropical moist montane forest.
Corinne B. Grace
Corinne B. Grace (née Bissette, November 9, 1929 - August 23, 2016) was an American actress and oil and gas producer based out of New Mexico. She had been instrumental in the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) reassessing the new federal regulations allowing pipelines to cancel oil and gas producer contracts as was seen in Corinne B. Grace v. El Paso Natural Gas Company. She was also instrumental in protecting stripper wells (wells with small volumes of gas production) as well as being supportive of state interpretations of FERC regulations as was seen in Transwestern Pipeline Company v. Corinne Grace. She also was part of the tax law theory of equitable recoupment being applied to city revenue from leased property with the court case of Grace v. City of Carlsbad.

Stripper well
A stripper well or marginal well is a natural gas well or oil well that is nearing the end of its economically useful life. In the United States a "stripper" gas well is defined by the Interstate Oil and Gas Compact Commission as one that produces 60,000 cubic feet (1,700 m3) or less of gas per day at its maximum flow rate; the Internal Revenue Service, for tax purposes, uses a threshold of 90,000 cubic feet (2,500 m3) per day. Oil wells are generally classified as stripper wells when they produce 15 barrels per day or less for any twelve-month period.

In 2023, 77% of the 920,000 oil and gas producing wells in the United States were wells which produced less than 15 barrels of oil equivalent per day (BOE/d).