hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Eric P. Newman
Eric Pfeiffer Newman (May 25, 1911 – November 15, 2017) was an American numismatist. He wrote several "works about early American coins and paper money considered the standards on their subjects", as well as hundreds of articles. Newman sold his coins in auctions in 2013–2014 for over $70 million and used most of that money to fund the Newman Numismatic Education Society and its Newman Numismatic Portal to "make the literature and images of numismatics, particularly American numismatics, available to everyone on a free and forever basis."

Numismatics
Numismatics is the study or collection of currency,  including coins, tokens, paper money, medals, and related objects.

Specialists, known as numismatists, are often characterized as students or collectors of coins, but the discipline also includes the broader study of money and other means of payment used to resolve debts and exchange goods.

The earliest forms of money used by people are categorised by collectors as "odd and curious", but the use of other goods in barter exchange is excluded, even where used as a circulating currency (e.g., cigarettes or instant noodles in prison). As an example, the Kyrgyz people used horses as the principal currency unit, and gave small change in lambskins; the lambskins may be suitable for numismatic study, but the horses are not. Many objects have been used for centuries, such as cowry shells, precious metals, cocoa beans, large stones, and gems.
Luverne Municipal Airport
Luverne Municipal Airport (ICAO: KLYV, FAA LID: LYV), also known as Quentin Aanenson Field, is a public use airport in Rock County, Minnesota, United States. It is owned by the City of Luverne and located two nautical miles (4 km) south of its central business district. This airport is included in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015, which categorized it as a general aviation facility.

Although many U.S. airports use the same three-letter location identifier for the FAA and IATA, this airport is assigned LYV by the FAA but has no designation from the IATA.

Rock County, Minnesota
Rock County is a county located in the southwestern corner of the U.S. state of Minnesota. According to the 2020 census, its population was 9,704. The county seat is Luverne. It is located within the Sioux Falls MSA.
Military ranks of Chad
The Military ranks of Chad are the military insignia used by the Chad National Army. Chad is a landlocked country, and does therefore not possess a navy. Being a former colony of France, Chad shares a rank structure similar to that of France.

In 2020, the National Assembly established and awarded the rank of Marshal to Idriss Déby. On 9 December 2024, the National Transitional Council elevated Mahamat Déby to the rank of Marshal.

National Transitional Council (Chad)
The National Transitional Council (French: Conseil national de transition, CNT) was the de facto government of Chad from 2022 to 2024. The CNT replaced the Transitional Military Council and the dissolved National Assembly. It acted as an interim parliament for the country in its transition to democracy, tasked with preparations for elections in 2024. It was led by the Prime Minister of Chad.
Akousa...
Akousa… (Greek: Άκουσα…; English: I Heard...) is the second studio album by popular Greek singer Nikos Oikonomopoulos. It was released on 18 December 2008 by Sony BMG Greece. The song "Etsi Nomizeis (Kai Mi Giriseis)" was the most popular.

Sony BMG
Sony BMG Music Entertainment was an American record company owned as a 50–50 joint venture between Sony Corporation of America and Bertelsmann. The venture's successor, the revived Sony Music, is wholly owned by Sony, following their buyout of the remaining 50% held by Bertelsmann. BMG was instead rebuilt as BMG Rights Management on the basis of the remaining 200 artists.
Joel Gersmann
Joel Gersmann (August 26, 1942 – June 24, 2005) was an American playwright of experimental theatre.  During his 35 years as artistic director at Broom Street Theater, Gersmann was fearless in the subject matter of his plays, with no regard to the reactions of politicians, his audience, or granting organizations.  He did, however, receive consistent support from the National Endowment for the Arts from 1973 through 1990, was awarded grants from the Rockefeller Foundation, and obtained financial support from numerous state and local arts organizations.  Many authors, playwrights, and actors have credited Gersmann as a major influence in their work.  The Wisconsin Center for Film and Theater Research at the Wisconsin State Historical Society houses a collection of Gersmann's manuscripts and papers.  He is the subject of the 2012 documentary film Filthy Theater.

Wisconsin Historical Society
The Wisconsin Historical Society (officially the State Historical Society of Wisconsin) is simultaneously a state agency and a private membership organization whose purpose is to maintain, promote and spread knowledge relating to the history of North America, with an emphasis on the state of Wisconsin and the trans-Allegheny West. Founded in 1846 and chartered in 1853, it is the oldest historical society in the United States to receive continuous public funding. The society's headquarters are located in Madison, Wisconsin, on the campus of the University of Wisconsin–Madison.
Gong Gucheng
Gong Gucheng (Chinese: 龚谷成; born December 1940) is a lieutenant general in the People's Liberation Army of China. He was an alternate member of the 14th and 15th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. He was a representative of the 16th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party. He was a member of the Standing Committee of the 10th Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. Throughout his military career, he participated in the Vietnam War, the Battle of the Paracel Islands, and the Sino-Vietnamese War.

Battle of the Paracel Islands
The Battle of the Paracel Islands (Chinese: 西沙海战; pinyin: Xisha haizhan; Vietnamese: Hải chiến Hoàng Sa) was an engagement between the Chinese and South Vietnamese navies near the Paracel Islands from 19 to 20 January 1974. The battle was part of an attempt by the South Vietnamese navy to remove the Chinese navy from the area towards the end of the Vietnam War.

Prior to the conflict, part of the Paracel Islands was controlled by China and another part was controlled by South Vietnam. The battle resulted in a victory for China over South Vietnam. Consequently, China occupied the portion formerly controlled by South Vietnam and established full de facto control over the Paracels. The battle made South Vietnam conduct a campaign to station troops on unoccupied islands in the Spratlys from 30th.
Duck Ugly
Duck Ugly (Couac, le vilain petit canard in French) is a 2000 French animated film co-produced by Millimages, TerraGlyph Productions, Ireland and Moro Studios, Barcelona. It was directed by Deane Taylor and Emmanuel Klotz.

The film is based on the fairy tale The Ugly Duckling by Hans Christian Andersen.

The Ugly Duckling
"The Ugly Duckling" (Danish: Den grimme ælling) is a Danish literary fairy tale by the Danish poet and author Hans Christian Andersen (1805–1875). It was first published on 11 November 1843 in New Fairy Tales. First Volume. First Collection, with three other tales by Andersen in Copenhagen to great critical acclaim. The tale has been adapted to various media, including opera, musical, and animated film. The tale is an original story by Andersen.
Doug Gatewood
Doug Gatewood (born November 16, 1955) is an American Democratic politician in the state of Kansas. He served as a member of the Kansas House of Representatives, representing the 1st district from 1999 to 2012. First elected to the House in 1998, he has previously served as mayor and city council member in Columbus and city council in Galena, Kansas.

Governor Kathleen Sebelius appointed Gatewood to serve on the Kansas Technology Enterprise Corporation, which encourages technology based economic development. Additionally, he has been a small business owner for over 30 years and has also been active in the local Chamber of Commerce and the Lions Club.

Kansas House of Representatives
The Kansas House of Representatives is the lower house of the legislature of the U.S. state of Kansas. Composed of 125 state representatives from districts with roughly equal populations of at least 19,000, its members are responsible for crafting and voting on legislation, helping to create a state budget, and legislative oversight over state agencies. Representatives are elected to two-year terms. The Kansas House of Representatives does not have term limits. The legislative session convenes at the Kansas State Capitol in Topeka annually.
Rosemary Georgeson
Rosemary Georgeson is a Coast Salish and Sahtu Dene filmmaker and multi-media artist. Georgeson was born on Galiano Island in British Columbia, Canada.  Her work ranges from film, theatre, radio to involvement in the culinary arts. Georgeson was the Aboriginal Community Director of Urban Ink Productions 2002–2011, and has worked with the company since its inception in 2001. In 2014 Georgeson was invited to the position of Aboriginal Storyteller in Residence at the Vancouver Public Library. Much of Georgeson's work highlights the unrecorded contributions that Indigenous women have made within the dying fishing industry. Raised in a fishing family on Galiano Island in the Southern gulf islands of British Columbia, Georgeson spent many years working and living on fish boats. An important component of Georgeson's work involves collaborating with other artists and community members.

Culinary arts
Culinary arts are the cuisine arts of the preparation, cooking, and presentation of food, usually in the form of meals. People working in this field – especially in establishments such as restaurants – are commonly called chefs or cooks, although, at its most general, the terms culinary artist and culinarian are also used.

Expert chefs are in charge of making meals that are both aesthetically beautiful and delicious. This often requires understanding of food science, nutrition, and diet. Delicatessens and relatively large institutions like hotels and hospitals rank as their principal workplaces after restaurants.
John McCollum
John M. McCollum (February 21, 1922 – October 30, 2015) was an American tenor who had an active singing career in operas, concerts, and recitals during the 1950s through the 1970s. As an opera singer he performed with companies throughout North America, mostly working with second tier opera houses. He was much more successful as a singer of oratorios and other works from the concert repertoire, and enjoyed a particularly productive and lengthy relationship with the Boston Symphony Orchestra. As a concert singer he sang a wide repertoire but drew particular acclaim for his performances in the works of Johann Sebastian Bach and George Frideric Handel.

Opera house
An opera house is a theater building used for performances of opera. Like many theaters, it usually includes a stage, an orchestra pit, audience seating, backstage facilities for costumes and building sets, as well as offices for the institution's administration.

While some venues are constructed specifically for operas, other opera houses are part of larger performing arts centers. Indeed, the term opera house is often used as a term of prestige for any large performing arts center.
Members of the South Australian Legislative Council, 1855–1857
This is a list of members of the South Australian Legislative Council from 1855 to 1857. Sixteen members were elected at the 1855 election with terms due to expire in 1858. The four Official (i.e. holding offices – front bench) Nominees and four Non-Official Nominees were appointed by the Governor on behalf of the Crown. Voting was voluntary and restricted to land-holding males. This Council formulated a State Constitution and was prorogued to make way for the bicameral system brought about by this Constitution.

South Australian Legislative Council
The Legislative Council is the upper house of the bicameral Parliament of South Australia, the lower house being the House of Assembly.

Its central purpose is to act as a house of review for legislation passed through the House of Assembly. It sits in Parliament House in the state capital, Adelaide. The upper house has 22 members elected for staggered eight-year terms by proportional representation, with half of the members facing re-election every four years. It is elected in a similar manner to its federal counterpart, the Senate. Casual vacancies—where a member resigns or dies—are filled by a joint sitting of both houses, who then elect a replacement.
Artūras Skardžius
Artūras Skardžius (born 17 November 1960) is a Lithuanian politician. He has been a member of the Seimas since 2021, having previously served from 2000 to 2008 and from 2012 to 2020. He has been a member of the Dawn of Nemunas since 2024, and was a member of the New Union (Social Liberals) from 1998 to 2006, the Social Democratic Party from 2011 to 2016, the Lithuanian Regions Party from 2019 to 2020, and the Labour Party from 2020 to 2022. From 2000 to 2004, he served as a deputy speaker of the Seimas.

Lithuanian Regions Party
The Lithuanian Regions Party (Lithuanian: Lietuvos regionų partija, LRP), also translated as the Lithuanian Party of Regions, is a political party in Lithuania. It was founded in 2018 as the Social Democratic Labour Party of Lithuania (Lithuanian: Lietuvos socialdemokratų darbo partija, LSDDP) following a split of members from Social Democratic Party of Lithuania (LSDP; also joined by former members of the Labour Party) after the LSDP's decision to exit a coalition government with the Lithuanian Farmers and Greens Union in 2017.
Francis Bellamy (cricketer)
Francis William James Bellamy (31 December 1909 – 19 June 1969) was a New Zealand cricketer. He played first-class cricket for Canterbury between 1931–32 and 1938–39 and for Otago during and immediately after World War II.

Bellamy played in a total of 26 first-class matches, scoring 1,226 runs and taking 11 wickets. He had his best first-class seasons in 1933–34 and 1934–35: at one stage, in five Plunket Shield matches, he scored three centuries. In Canterbury's 10-wicket victory over Wellington in 1934–35 he scored 113 and 22 not out and took 5 for 31 and 1 for 39. He played one first-class match for South Island in February 1935. He later played one match for Nelson in the 1948–49 Hawke Cup.

Bellamy was born at Spreydon near Christchurch in December 1909. He worked as a publican. He died at Invercargill in June 1969, survived by his wife Alice and a son and a daughter. An obituary was published in the New Zealand Cricket Almanack.

Wellington cricket team
The Wellington Firebirds are one of six New Zealand men's first-class cricket teams that make up New Zealand Cricket.
It is based in Wellington. It competes in the Plunket Shield first class (4-day) competition, The Ford Trophy domestic one day competition and the Men's Super Smash Twenty20 competition.

The Wellington Cricket Association was formed in 1875. It is New Zealand's oldest cricket association.
Million Dollar Decorators
Million Dollar Decorators is an American reality television series that premiered May 31, 2011, on Bravo. Million Dollar Decorators follows interior designers — Martyn Lawrence Bullard, Kathryn Ireland, Jeffrey Alan Marks, and Mary McDonald — who take on A-list clientele and attempt to keep up in the stressful design industry.

A-list
An A-list actor is a major movie star, or one of the most bankable actors in a film industry.

The A-list is part of a larger guide called The Hot List, which ranks the bankability of 1,400 movie actors worldwide, and has become an industry-standard guide in Hollywood. American entertainment journalist James Ulmer, the guide's creator, has also developed a version including directors, the Hot List of Directors. The Ulmer scale categorizes the lists into A+, A, B+, B, C, and D listings. Similarly, in India, there is three-tier strategy, tier-1, tier-2 and tier-3, which are based on the saleability and box office collection capability of a star.
Papyrus Revenue Laws
A famous papyrus published at the end of the 19th century by Bernard Pyne Grenfell, the papyrus Revenue Laws is a comprehensive set of regulations on farm taxes in the reign of Ptolemy II Philadelphus (283–246), more precisely for the year –259/–258. This document contains tax regulations for the understanding of how Ptolemy II Philadelphus organized a sophisticated command economy.

Papyrus
Papyrus (/pəˈpaɪrəs/ pə-PY-rəs) is a material similar to thick paper that was used in ancient times as a writing material. It was made from the pith of the papyrus plant, Cyperus papyrus, a wetland sedge. Papyrus (plural: papyri or papyruses) can also refer to a document written on sheets of such material, joined side by side and rolled up into a scroll, an early form of a book.

Papyrus was first known to have been used in Egypt (at least as far back as the First Dynasty), as the papyrus plant was once abundant across the Nile Delta. It was also used throughout the Mediterranean region. Apart from writing material, ancient Egyptians employed papyrus in the construction of other artifacts, such as reed boats, mats, rope, sandals, and baskets.
Sócrates Award
The Sócrates Award is an association football award presented to the best humanitarian work by a footballer worldwide during a joint ceremony with the Ballon d'Or. The award is presented by France Football in collaboration with Peace and Sport and is named after late Brazilian footballer Sócrates, who co-founded the Corinthians Democracy movement, in opposition to the ruling military dictatorship in Brazil during the 1980s. Sadio Mané was the first winner of the award in 2022, while Xana Foundation is the current winner, having received the prize in 2025.

France Football
France Football is a French monthly magazine containing football news from all over the world. It is considered to be one of the most reputable sports publications in Europe, mostly because of its photographic reports, in-depth and exclusive interviews and accurate statistics of the UEFA Champions League matches, and extensive coverage of the European leagues. The magazine was first published in 1946 and is headquartered in Paris. For more than six decades it has presented the Ballon d'Or award to the best football player of the year.
Grade I listed buildings on the Isle of Wight
There are over 9,300 Grade I listed buildings in England.  This page is a list of these buildings in the county of Isle of Wight.

In the United Kingdom, the term listed building refers to a building or other structure officially designated as being of special architectural, historical, or cultural significance; Grade I structures are those considered to be "buildings of exceptional interest". Listing was begun by a provision in the Town and Country Planning Act 1947. Once listed, strict limitations are imposed on the modifications allowed to a building's structure or fittings. In England, the authority for listing under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 rests with English Heritage, a non-departmental public body sponsored by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport; local authorities have a responsibility to regulate and enforce the planning regulations.

Department for Culture, Media and Sport
The Department for Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS) is a ministerial department of the Government of the United Kingdom. It holds the responsibility for culture and sport, and some aspects of the media throughout the UK, such as broadcasting. Its main offices are at 100 Parliament Street, occupying part of the building known as Government Offices Great George Street.

It also has responsibility for the tourism, leisure and creative industries (some jointly with the Department for Business and Trade). The department was also responsible for the delivery of the 2012 Olympic Games and Paralympic Games.

From 2017 to 2023, the department had responsibility for the building of a digital economy and was known as the Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport. The responsibilities for digital policy were transferred to the newly created Department for Science, Innovation and Technology in the February 2023 cabinet reshuffle.
Peter Madáč
Peter Madáč (28 February 1729 in Veľká Poloma, now part of Gemerská Poloma – 24 November 1805, Rimavská Sobota) was a Slovak doctor, chemist, and professional writer and publicist. His father Juraj Madáč was a farmer from Veľká Poloma.

Peter Madáč obtained a basic education from the local Catholic school, and later studied in Horná Slaná and Patakiho Olácha. In 1743 he arrived in Štítnik and studied grammar, Latin, and the Catechetism under Tubelu. He studied at the school in Kežmarok, in Levoča, and in Debrecen, and from 1757 onwards studied medicine in Wittenberg, Leipzig, and Berlin.

Madáč laid the foundations of public health in Liptov in Malohont and also prepared a proposal for the training of midwives. His thesis on the regeneration of blood vessels and work on a chemical reaction earned him a medical degree from the University of Trnava.

Rimavská Sobota
Rimavská Sobota (Slovak pronunciation: [ˈrimawskaː ˈsɔbɔta] ⓘ; Hungarian: Rimaszombat, German: Großsteffelsdorf) is a town in southern Slovakia, in the Banská Bystrica Region, on the Rimava river. It has approximately 24,000 inhabitants. The town is a historical capital of Gömör és Kishont County (from 1850 to 1922).
Compressibility
In thermodynamics and fluid mechanics, the compressibility (also known as the coefficient of compressibility or, if the temperature is held constant, the isothermal compressibility) is a measure of the instantaneous relative volume change of a fluid or solid as a response to a pressure (or mean stress) change. In its simple form, the compressibility  (denoted β in some fields) may be expressed as

,

where V is volume and p is pressure. The choice to define compressibility as the negative of the fraction makes compressibility positive in the (usual) case that an increase in pressure induces a reduction in volume. The reciprocal of compressibility at fixed temperature is called the isothermal bulk modulus.

Isothermal process
An isothermal process is a type of thermodynamic process in which the temperature T of a system remains constant: ΔT = 0. This typically occurs when a system is in contact with an outside thermal reservoir, and a change in the system occurs slowly enough to allow the system to be continuously adjusted to the temperature of the reservoir through heat exchange (see quasi-equilibrium). In contrast, an adiabatic process is where a system exchanges no heat with its surroundings (Q = 0).

Simply, we can say that in an isothermal process

For ideal gases only, internal energy

while in adiabatic processes:
David Birkin
David Tristan Birkin (born 21 November 1977) is a British artist working with photography and performance art. He is a Senior Lecturer at London College of Communication, University of the Arts London. Birkin is the co-founder of Visible Justice, a research platform for artists, activists, writers, journalists, photographers, filmmakers, and human rights lawyers working at the intersection of visual culture and social justice. He has also worked as a motion picture and theatre actor.

University of the Arts London
The University of the Arts London (UAL) is a public collegiate university in London, England, United Kingdom. It specialises in arts, design, fashion, and the performing arts. The university is a federation of six arts colleges: Camberwell College of Arts, Central Saint Martins, Chelsea College of Arts, the London College of Communication, the London College of Fashion and the Wimbledon College of Arts.: 263

The University of the Arts London was established as The London Institute in 1986, became a university in 2003, and took its present name in 2004. The university hosts one of the largest international student bodies out of all universities in the United Kingdom.