hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Middleham Chapel
Middleham Chapel is a historic Episcopal church located in Lusby, Calvert County, Maryland.  It is a one-story, cruciform, Flemish bond brick structure with exposed fieldstone foundations. It was built in 1748, to replace an earlier frame or log structure believed to have been erected as early as 1684, as a Chapel of Ease of Christ Church Parish.  The date of construction is worked into the brick on the front of the church.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.

Middleham Chapel is still in use today. In 1900 it joined with nearby St. Peter's Chapel to form Middleham and St. Peter's Episcopal Parish in the Episcopal Diocese of Maryland. The parish's current rector is the Rev. David Showers.

Flemish bond
Flemish bond is a pattern of brickwork that is a common feature in Georgian architecture. The pattern features bricks laid lengthwise (stretchers) alternating with bricks laid with their shorter ends exposed (headers) within the same courses. This decorative pattern can be accented by glazing or burning the exposed ends of the headers so that they possess a dark, glassy surface that contrasts with the stretchers.: 23  Despite the bond's name, the pattern did not originate in Flanders and can be found in European architecture dating to the late Middle Ages.

The pattern became popular among prestigious architectural projects in 17th-century England before spreading to British colonies in North America where it became closely associated with colonial Georgian architecture, especially in Virginia and Pennsylvania. With the early 20th-century restoration project at Colonial Williamsburg, the pattern experienced renewed popularity in the United States.
St Ann's Hospice
St Ann's Hospice is a charity in Greater Manchester, England, providing palliative care.

It was established in 1971 on the initiative of Dr Moya Cole from the Christie Hospital, Manchester. It now runs two centres: St Ann's Hospice Heald Green and St Ann's Hospice, Little Hulton. On 3 July 2025 it announced its plan to change its name to the Moya Cole Hospice in October 2025, which was actioned as planned.

Like most hospices in the UK, it is largely funded by voluntary donations. About a third of its funding is provided by the NHS, so has to raise around £20,000 a day to keep the hospices open.

The organisation abandoned national NHS payscales in 2014 and set up its own.

Heald Green
Heald Green is a suburb in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport, Greater Manchester, England. It lies south-west of Stockport, near Manchester Airport. The suburb is bordered by Gatley and Cheadle to the north, Cheadle Hulme to the east, Handforth and Styal to the south, and Moss Nook and Peel Hall to the west.
Kumbo
Kumbo, also known as Kimbo, is the second-largest city in the North West Province of Cameroon and the capital of Bui Division. It lies about 2000m above sea level and is situated approximately 110 km away from Bamenda (the provincial capital of the North West Province), on the Bamenda Highlands Ring Road. Kumbo has a population of 80,212 (at the 2005 Census) and is split into three distinctive hilly settlements of Tobin, Mbveh, and Squares. The town is known for horse racing (Tobin Stadium ) and traditional medicine, and also for its palace (Nso Palace), a market and two hospitals (Shisong Hospital  & Banso Baptist Hospital ). Kumbo is the capital city of the Nso Kingdom of the Nso people. The lingua franca is Lamnso but
Pidgin,
English,
Oku,
Djottin,
Fulfulde, French and
Hausa are spoken.

Nso language
Nso (Lamnso, Lamnsɔ’) is the Grassfields language of the Nso people of western Cameroon. A few may remain in Nigeria. It has ten major noun classes. The ISO 639-3 code is lns. Nso is spoken by over 100,000 people.
Parinaquta (Chucuito)
Parinaquta (Aymara parina flamingo, quta lake, "flamingo lake", Hispanicized spelling Parinacota) is a lake in Peru located in the Puno Region, Chucuito Province, Kelluyo District. It is situated at a height of about 3,772 metres (12,375 ft). Parinaquta lies northeast of the lake Quraquta, near the Bolivian border.

Department of Puno
Puno (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈpuno]; Aymara and Quechua: Punu) is a department of Peru. Located in the country's southeast, it is the fifth largest department in Peru, after Cuzco, Madre de Dios, Ucayali, and Loreto. It is bordered by Bolivia to the east, the departments of Madre de Dios to the north, Cusco and Arequipa to the west, Moquegua to the southwest, and Tacna to the south. It is administered by a regional government. Its capital is the city of Puno, which is located on Lake Titicaca in the geographical region known as the Altiplano or high sierra.
Lesser bandicoot rat
The lesser bandicoot rat, Sindhi rice rat, Bengal rat or Indian mole-rat (Bandicota bengalensis) is a giant rat of Southern Asia, not related to the true bandicoots which are marsupials. They can be up to 40 cm (16 in) long (including the tail), are considered a pest in the cereal crops and gardens of India and Sri Lanka, and emit piglike grunts when attacking. The name bandicoot is derived from the Telugu language word pandikokku, which translates loosely to "pig-rat". Like the better known rats in the genus Rattus, bandicoot rats are members of the family Muridae. Their fur is dark or (rarely) pale brown dorsally, occasionally blackish, and light to dark grey ventrally. The head-body length is around 250 mm, and the uniformly dark tail is shorter than the head-body length.

Guttural
Guttural speech sounds are those with a primary place of articulation near the back of the oral cavity, where it is difficult to distinguish a sound's place of articulation and its phonation. In popular usage it is an imprecise term for sounds produced relatively far back in the vocal tract, such as the German ch or the Arabic ayin, but not simple glottal sounds like h. The term 'guttural language' is used for languages that have such sounds.

As a technical term used by phoneticians and phonologists, guttural has had various definitions. The concept always includes pharyngeal consonants, but may include velar, uvular or laryngeal consonants as well.
Guttural sounds are typically consonants, but murmured, pharyngealized, glottalized and strident vowels may be also considered guttural in nature.
Some phonologists argue that all post-velar sounds constitute a natural class.
Sardar 2
Sardar 2 (transl. Chief 2) is an Indian Tamil-language spy action thriller film directed by P. S. Mithran from a script by the writing team of Rathna Kumar, Ashameera Aiyappan and Vignesh Muniyandi and screenplay by Nambi. Produced by Prince Pictures and IVY Entertainment, it is a sequel to Sardar (2022). The film stars Karthi and Rajisha Vijayan reprising their roles from the predecessor, with S. J. Suryah, Malavika Mohanan and Ashika Ranganath joining the cast.

Officially announced in October 2022 at the success meet of Sardar, the film's principal photography commenced in July 2024 at Chennai and ended by June 2025. The film has music composed by Sam C. S., cinematography handled by George C. Williams and editing by Vijay Velukutty.

P. S. Mithran
P. S. Mithran is an Indian film director and screenwriter who is currently working in the Tamil film industry. Mithran's native place is Mannargudi. He made his directorial debut through Irumbu Thirai (2018). He followed it up with the superhero film, Hero (2019), and spy thriller, Sardar (2022).
Orbotech
Orbotech Ltd. a subsidiary of KLA Corporation and a technology company used in the manufacturing of consumer and industrial products throughout the electronics and adjacent industries. The company providing electronics reading, writing, and connecting solutions used by manufacturers of printed circuit boards, flat panel displays, advanced packaging, micro-electro-mechanical systems and other electronic components. The company is headquartered in Yavne, Israel and operates in North America, Europe, Japan and Asia-Pacific.

Automated optical inspection
Automated optical inspection (AOI) is an automated visual inspection of printed circuit board (PCB) (or LCD, transistor) manufacture where a camera autonomously scans the device under test for both catastrophic failure (e.g. missing component) and quality defects (e.g. fillet size or shape or component skew). It is commonly used in the manufacturing process because it is a non-contact test method. It is implemented at many stages through the manufacturing process including bare board inspection, solder paste inspection (SPI), pre-reflow and post-re-flow as well as other stages.

Historically, the primary place for AOI systems has been after solder re-flow or "post-production." This is mainly because post-re-flow AOI systems can inspect for most types of defects (component placement, solder shorts, missing solder, etc.) at one place in the line with one single system. In this way, the faulty boards are reworked and the other boards are sent to the next process stage.
Perm Regional Museum
The Perm Regional Museum, also known as the Perm Museum of Local Lore, is a museum located in Perm, Perm Krai, Russia. Founded in 1890, the museum is the oldest and largest museum in Perm. The museum maintains a number of permanent and temporary exhibitions and is a tourist attraction.

Perm, Russia
Perm (Russian: Пермь, IPA: [pʲermʲ] ⓘ, IPA: [pʲerʲmʲ]; Komi-Permyak: Перем; Komi: Перым), originally known as Yagoshikha (Ягошиха; 1723–1781) and briefly as Molotov (Молотов; 1940–1957), is the administrative centre of Perm Krai in the European part of Russia. It sits on the banks of the Kama River near the Ural Mountains, covering an area of 799.68 square kilometres (308.76 square miles). With over one million residents Perm is the 15th-largest city in Russia and the 5th-largest in the Volga Federal District.
Reddish (surname)
Reddish is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Cam Reddish (born 1999), American basketball player

Jack Reddish (1926–1992), American alpine skier

John Reddish (1904–1989), English footballer and cricketer

John Reddish (soldier) (1902–1971), Australian army officer

Mark Reddish (born 1985), New Zealand rugby union player

Riley Reddish (1933–2008), American politician

Samuel Reddish (1735–1785), theatre manager and actor in England

Sarah Reddish (1850–1928), British trade unionist and suffragette

Tim Reddish (born 1957), British Paralympic swimmer

Vincent Cartledge Reddish (1926–2015), British astronomer

Tim Reddish
Timothy Robert Reddish CBE DL (born 12 April 1957) is an English sports administrator and former Paralympic swimmer who was the Chairman of the British Paralympic Association. Governing Board member International Paralympic Committee. He won a total of five medals at three Paralympic Games.
Karl Jaspers Society of North America
The Karl Jaspers Society of North America (KJSNA) is a philosophy organization founded on December 28, 1980 by George B. Pepper (Iona College), Edith Ehrlich, and Leonard H. Ehrlich (University of Massachusetts Amherst) to promote study and research on the ideas of Karl Jaspers and related issues in continental philosophy. The prospect of forming this society emerged from the research by these scholars while preparing a systematic reader of the basic philosophical writings of Karl Jaspers. Enthusiastic response to the reader prompted Pepper and Ehrlich to conclude that a learned society to study the work of Jaspers should be founded. The Karl Jaspers Society of North America is tax exempt under the U.S. Internal Revenue Code as a nonprofit organization.

Karl Jaspers
Karl Theodor Jaspers (/ˈjɑːspərz/; German: [kaʁl ˈjaspɐs] ⓘ; 23 February 1883 – 26 February 1969) was a German-Swiss psychiatrist and philosopher who had a strong influence on modern theology, psychiatry, and philosophy. His 1913 work General Psychopathology influenced many later diagnostic criteria, and argued for a distinction between "primary" and "secondary" delusions.

After being trained in and practising psychiatry, Jaspers turned to philosophical inquiry and attempted to develop an innovative philosophical system. He was often viewed as a major exponent of existentialism in Germany, though he did not accept the label.
Art Grant (ice hockey)
Arthur Gordon Grant (January 20, 1919 – June 12, 1943) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player who played as a goaltender in the Scottish National League for the Ayr Raiders. He also appeared non-professionally for the Winnipeg Monarchs.

Scottish National League (1932–1954)
The Scottish National League was the first ice hockey league in Scotland.  It was founded in 1932 by five teams from a single ice rink in Glasgow.  The league gradually expanded to encompass teams from many areas of Scotland.  It was suspended during the Second World War, but returned in 1946, and for the 1947/8 season was split into two divisions.  These reunited the following season, and in 1954 the league merged with the English National League to form the British National League.
Hildegarde Howard
Hildegarde Howard (April 3, 1901 – February 28, 1998) was an American pioneer in paleornithology. She was mentored by the famous ornithologist, Joseph Grinnell, at the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology (MVZ) and in avian paleontology. She was well known for her discoveries in the La Brea Tar Pits, among them the Rancho La Brea eagles. She discovered and described Pleistocene flightless waterfowl at the prehistoric Ballona wetlands of coastal Los Angeles County at Playa del Rey. In 1953, Howard became the third woman to be awarded the Brewster Medal. She was the first woman president of the Southern California Academy of Sciences. Hildegarde wrote 150 papers throughout her career.

Paleornithology
Paleornithology, also known as avian paleontology, is the scientific study of bird evolution and fossil birds. It is a hybrid of ornithology and paleontology. Paleornithology began with the discovery of Archaeopteryx. The reptilian relationship of birds and their ancestors, the theropod dinosaurs, are important aspects of paleornithological research. Other areas of interest to paleornithologists are the early sea-birds Ichthyornis, Hesperornis, and others. Notable paleornithologists are Storrs L. Olson, Alexander Wetmore, Alan Feduccia, Cécile Mourer-Chauviré, Philip Ashmole, Pierce Brodkorb, Trevor H. Worthy, Zhou Zhonghe, Yevgeny Kurochkin, Bradley C. Livezey, Gareth J. Dyke, Luis M. Chiappe, Gerald Mayr and David Steadman.
Shelley-Ann Brown
Shelly-Ann Camille Brown CM (born March 15, 1980) is a former Canadian bobsledder who has competed since 2006.She was born in Scarborough, Ontario to Jamaican immigrant parents, and also raised in nearby Pickering, Ontario. Brown was recruited to the University of Nebraska–Lincoln on a track and field scholarship, and graduated with a degree in biology and a master's in educational psychology.

Her best finish in the Bobsleigh World Cup was third in the two-man is event at Lake Placid in December 2007. Brown's best finish at the FIBT World Championships was fifth in the two-woman event at Altenberg in 2008.

She won a silver medal in the Two-woman competition at the 2010 Winter Olympics with Helen Upperton. The gold medal was won by fellow Canadians Kaillie Humphries and Heather Moyse. It marked the first time of the 2010 Olympics that Canadians had won two medals in one event.

Brown and Upperton announced their retirements from the sport in September 2012.

Bobsleigh at the 2010 Winter Olympics – Two-woman
The two-woman bobsleigh competition at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, was held at the Whistler Sliding Centre in Whistler, British Columbia, on 20–21 February.

Going into the event, the German team of Sandra Kiriasis and Anja Schneiderheinze (Schneiderheinze-Stöckel since 2007) were the reigning 2006 Olympic Champions, while Great Britain's team of Nicole Minichiello and Gillian Cooke were the reigning 2009 World Champions. The February 2009 test event held at the Olympic venue was won by the American duo of Shauna Rohbock and Elana Meyers. The last 2009–10 Bobsleigh World Cup event took place four weeks prior to the 2010 Games and was won by the American duo of Rohbock and Michelle Rzepka while Kiriasis had finished on top of the overall 2009–10 World Cup season standings.
Concurrency (road)
In a road network, a concurrency is an instance of one physical roadway bearing two or more different route numbers. The practice is often economically and practically advantageous when multiple routes must pass between a single mountain crossing or over a bridge, or through a major city, and can be accommodated by a single right-of-way. Each route number is typically posted on highways signs where concurrencies are allowed, while some jurisdictions simplify signage by posting one priority route number on highway signs. In the latter circumstance, other route numbers disappear when the concurrency begins and reappear when it ends. In most cases, each route in a concurrency is recognized by maps and atlases.

Carriageway
A carriageway (British English) or roadway (North American English) is a width of road on which a vehicle is not restricted by any physical barriers or separation to move laterally. A carriageway generally consists of a number of traffic lanes together with any associated shoulder, but may be a sole lane in width (for example, a highway offramp).
The Duel of the Century
The Duel of the Century (陸小鳳之決戰前後) is a 1981 Hong Kong wuxia film adapted from the novel Juezhan Qianhou of the Lu Xiaofeng Series by Gu Long. The film was directed by Chor Yuen, produced by the Shaw Brothers Studio, and starred Tony Liu as Lu Xiaofeng.

Gu Long
Xiong Yaohua (7 June 1938 – 21 September 1985), better known by his pen name Gu Long, was a Taiwanese novelist, screenwriter, film producer and director. Born in Hong Kong and educated at Cheng Kung Senior High School and Tamkang University in Taiwan, he is best known for writing wuxia novels, among which his best known works are Juedai Shuangjiao, the Xiaoli Feidao Series, the Chu Liuxiang Series, the Lu Xiaofeng Series, and The Eleventh Son. Some of them have been adapted into films and television series. In the 1980s, he started his own film studio to produce film adaptations of his works.
Arthur March
Arthur March (23 February 1891  – 17 April 1957) was an Austrian physicist.

From 1909 he studied mathematics and physics at the Universities of Innsbruck, Munich and Vienna, earning his doctorate in 1913. In 1917 he obtained his habilitation, and in 1928 became an associate professor at Innsbruck. From 1934 to 1936 he was a visiting professor at the University of Oxford, afterwards returning to Innsbruck as a full professor of theoretical physics.

March is known for his research in the field of quantum mechanics. One of his more intriguing projects involved finding the smallest space-time distance.

University of Innsbruck
The University of Innsbruck (German: Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck; Latin: Universitas Leopoldino Franciscea) is a public research university in Innsbruck, the capital of the Austrian federal state of Tyrol, founded on October 15, 1669.

It is the largest education facility in the Austrian Bundesland of Tirol, and the third largest in Austria behind the University of Vienna and the University of Graz. Significant contributions have been made in many branches, most of all in the physics department.
White Ledges Formation
The White Ledges Formation is a geologic formation that crops out in central Arizona, US. Detrital zircon geochronology establishes a maximum age for the formation of 1726 million years (Mya), in the Statherian period of the Precambrian. The formation is typical of quartzites deposited around 1650 million years ago in the southwestern part of Laurentia, the ancient core of the North American continent.

Statherian
The Statherian ( /stəˈθɪəriən/; Ancient Greek: σταθερός, romanized: statherós, meaning "stable, firm") is the fourth and final geologic period in the Paleoproterozoic Era, lasting from 1800 to 1600 million years ago (Ma) and spanning 200 million years. It follows the Orosirian Period and precedes the Calymmian Period, with the latter belonging to the Mesoproterozoic Era. Instead of being based on stratigraphy, these dates are defined chronometrically.

The period was characterized on most continents by either new platforms or final cratonization of fold belts. Oxygen levels were 10% to 20% of current values.

Rafatazmia, controversially claimed to be present in Statherian beds in India, may be the oldest known confirmably eukaryotic fossil organism.

By the beginning of the Statherian, the supercontinent Columbia had assembled.

Approximately 1.7 billion years ago, natural nuclear fission reactors were generating power in what is now Oklo, Gabon.
Meinongian argument
The Meinongian argument is a type of ontological argument or an "a priori argument" that seeks to prove the existence of God. This is through an assertion that there is "a distinction between different categories of existence." The premise of the ontological argument is based on Alexius Meinong's works. Some scholars also associate it with St. Anselm's ontological argument.

Alexius Meinong
Alexius Meinong von Handschuchsheim (German: [ˈmaɪnɔŋ]; 17 July 1853 – 27 November 1920) was an Austrian philosopher, a realist known for his unique ontology and theory of objects. He also made contributions to philosophy of mind and theory of value.: 1–3
David Proctor (footballer, born 1984)
David William Proctor (born 4 May 1984) is a former Scottish football player and coach, most recently manager of Lowland league outfit Cumbernauld Colts. In 2019 he gained a degree in Physiotherapy.

Proctor has also played for Inverness Caledonian Thistle, Dundee United, Canadian club FC Edmonton, Airdrieonians (two spells), and East Kilbride (three spells).

2018–19 in Scottish football
The 2018–19 season was the 122nd season of competitive football in Scotland. The domestic season began on 14 July 2018, with the first round of matches in the 2018–19 Scottish League Cup. The 2018–19 Scottish Professional Football League season commenced on 4 August.
My Swallow
My Swallow (22 February 1968 – post-1988) was an Irish-bred, British-trained Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. He won eight of his eleven races in a racing career which lasted from May 1970 until July 1971. In 1970 he was undefeated in seven races including the Woodcote Stakes, Prix du Bois, Prix Robert Papin, Prix Morny, Prix de la Salamandre and Grand Critérium. My Swallow set a record for prize money won by a two-year-old in Europe and was rated the best of an exceptional crop of European juveniles. He won on his three-year-old debut, but then finished third to Mill Reef and Brigadier Gerard in the 2000 Guineas. My Swallow finished second in his two remaining races before being retired to stud. He had moderate success as a sire of winners in the United Kingdom and Japan.

Prix de la Salamandre
The Prix de la Salamandre was a Group 1 flat horse race in France open to two-year-old thoroughbred colts and fillies. It was run at Longchamp over a distance of 1,400 metres (about 7 furlongs), and it was scheduled to take place each year in September.