hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chemical thermodynamics
Chemical thermodynamics is the study of the interrelation of heat and work with chemical reactions or with physical changes of state within the confines of the laws of thermodynamics. Chemical thermodynamics involves not only laboratory measurements of various thermodynamic properties, but also the application of mathematical methods to the study of chemical questions and the spontaneity of processes.

The structure of chemical thermodynamics is based on the first two laws of thermodynamics.  Starting from the first and second laws of thermodynamics, four equations called the "fundamental equations of Gibbs" can be derived.  From these four, a multitude of equations, relating the thermodynamic properties of the thermodynamic system can be derived using relatively simple mathematics.  This outlines the mathematical framework of chemical thermodynamics.

Electrode
An electrode is an electrical conductor used to make contact with a nonmetallic part of a circuit (e.g. a semiconductor, an electrolyte, a vacuum or a gas). In electrochemical cells, electrodes are essential parts that can consist of a variety of materials (chemicals) depending on the type of cell.  An electrode may be called either a cathode or anode according to the direction of the electric current, unrelated to the potential difference between electrodes.

Michael Faraday coined the term "electrode" in 1833; the word recalls the Greek ἤλεκτρον (ḗlektron, "amber") and ὁδός (hodós, "path, way").

The electrophore, invented by Johan Wilcke in 1762, was an early version of an electrode used to study static electricity.
Trelew massacre
The Trelew Massacre was a mass execution of 16 political prisoners, militants of different Peronist and leftist organizations, in Rawson prison by the military dictatorship of Argentina. The prisoners were recaptured after an escape attempt and subsequently shot down by marines led by Lieutenant Commander Luis Emilio Sosa in a simulated new attempt to escape. The marines forced the prisoners to fake a new escape, then executed them as revenge by the Revolución Argentina for the successful escape of some of their comrades during the initial prison break. The massacre took place in the early hours of 22 August 1972 in the Almirante Marcos A. Zar Airport, an Argentine Navy airbase located near the city of Trelew, Chubut in Patagonia.

Argentine Navy
The Argentine Navy (ARA; Spanish: Armada de la República Argentina) is the navy of Argentina. It is one of the three branches of the Armed Forces of the Argentine Republic, together with the Army and the Air Force.

The Argentine Navy day is celebrated on May 17, anniversary of the victory in 1814 at the Battle of Montevideo over the Spanish fleet during the war of Independence.
Socialism in Brazil
Socialism in Brazil is generally thought to trace back to the first half of the 19th century. There are documents evidencing the diffusion of socialist ideas since then, but these were individual initiatives with no ability to form groups with actual political activism.

Land reform
Land reform (also known as agrarian reform) involves the changing of laws, regulations, or customs regarding land ownership, land use, and land transfers. The reforms may be initiated by governments, by interested groups, or by revolution.

Land reform is often considered a contentious process, as land is a key driver of a wide range of social, political and economic outcomes. The structure and distribution of land rights has been linked to state formation, economic growth, inequality, political violence, and identity politics, making land reform highly consequential for the long-term structures of society.
1985 NCAA Skiing Championships
The 1985 NCAA Skiing Championships were contested at the Bridger Bowl Ski Area in Bozeman, Montana as part of the 32nd annual NCAA-sanctioned ski tournament to determine the individual and team national champions of men's and women's collegiate slalom skiing and cross-country skiing in the United States.

Wyoming, coached by Tim Ameel, claimed their second team national championship, 20 points ahead of Utah in the cumulative team standings.

Slalom skiing
Slalom is an alpine skiing and alpine snowboarding discipline, involving skiing between poles or gates. These are spaced more closely than those in giant slalom, super giant slalom and downhill, necessitating quicker and shorter turns.  Internationally, the sport is contested at the FIS Alpine World Ski Championships, and at the Olympic Winter Games.
Thung Pradu railway station
Thung Pradu railway station is a railway station located in Thap Sakae Subdistrict, Thap Sakae District, Prachuap Khiri Khan. It is a class 3 railway station located 338.605 km (210.4 mi) from Thon Buri railway station.

Due to minimal passenger usage, Thung Pradu is being converted railway halt and will officially be in operation when the double tracking of the line section is completed.

Prachuap Khiri Khan province
Prachuap Khiri Khan (Thai: ประจวบคีรีขันธ์, pronounced [prā.tɕùap kʰīː.rīː kʰǎn]) is one of the western provinces (changwat) of Thailand. It is in the northern part of the Malay Peninsula, some 240 km (149 mi) south of Bangkok. Neighboring provinces include Phetchaburi to the north and Chumphon to the south. To the west, it borders Tanintharyi Region of Myanmar.
The Best Years (film)
The Best Years (Italian: Gli anni più belli, lit. 'The nicest years') is a 2020 biographical drama film directed by Gabriele Muccino.

The film, which was initially to be titled I migliori anni, began to be filmed on 3 June 2019 between Cinecittà, Rome, Naples, and Ronciglione and continued for the next nine weeks.

The soundtrack includes the song "Gli anni più belli" by Claudio Baglioni.

Gabriele Muccino
Gabriele Muccino (Italian pronunciation: [ɡabriˈɛːle mutˈtʃiːno]; born 20 May 1967) is an Italian film director and screenwriter. He has worked his way from making short films only aired on Italian television to become a well-known and successful American filmmaker. He is the elder brother of actor Silvio Muccino, who often appears in his brother's films. Muccino has directed 12 films and is best known for his first American film The Pursuit of Happyness, starring Will Smith. Muccino has been nominated for and won several awards including the David di Donatello Award for Best Director in 2001 for his film The Last Kiss.
Four Bandits
The Four Bandits, Four Outlaws or Four Desperados (Chinese: 四大寇) was a nickname given to a 19th-century group of four young revolutionaries: Sun Yat-sen, Yeung Hok-ling, Chan Siu-bak and Yau Lit. While studying in British Hong Kong, they were keen on Chinese politics and aspired to overthrow the Manchu-led Qing dynasty. The quad used to gather at 'Yeung Yiu Kee' (楊耀記), Yeung's family business located at 24 Gough Street in Hong Kong. One of the Four Bandits, Sun Yat-sen, later became the leader of China Revolutionary Alliance and the first Provisional President of the Republic of China. Today, the Dr Sun Yat-sen Museum displays their wax sculptures to commemorate the quad.

Tongmenghui
The Tongmenghui of China (Chinese: 中國同盟會; pinyin: Zhōngguó Tóngménghuì) was a secret society and underground resistance movement founded by Sun Yat-sen, Song Jiaoren, and others in Tokyo, Empire of Japan, on 20 August 1905, with the goal of overthrowing China's Qing dynasty. It was formed from the merger of multiple late-Qing dynasty Chinese revolutionary groups.
1991 Barbadian general election
General elections were held in Barbados on 22 January 1991 to elect all 28 members (MPs) of the House of Assembly of Barbados. The result was a victory for the ruling Democratic Labour Party (DLP), which won 18 of the 28 seats. The opposition Barbados Labour Party led by Henry Forde won ten seats, an increase of seven compared to the 1986 elections. Voter turnout was 63.7%. DLP leader Lloyd Erskine Sandiford remained Prime Minister.

This was the first general election contested by the National Democratic Party (NDP), which had been founded in 1989 by four defecting DLP MPs, led by the former finance minister Richard Haynes. Despite polling nearly 7% of the national vote, all four lost their seats and no new NDP members were elected under Barbados' first-past-the-post electoral system.

House of Assembly of Barbados
The House of Assembly of Barbados is the lower house of the bicameral Parliament of Barbados. It has 30 Members of Parliament (MPs), who are directly elected in single member constituencies using the simple-majority (or first-past-the-post) system for a term of five years.  The House of Assembly sits roughly 40–45 days a year and is presided over by a Speaker. If the Speaker elected by the Assembly is not an MP currently in the House of Assembly, that Speaker becomes the 31st member of the Assembly, having a vote on motions that are tied.

The Barbadian House of Assembly chamber is located in the east-wing of The Public Buildings on Broad Street, in Bridgetown, Barbados.
2022–23 Azadegan League
The 2022–23 Azadegan League was the 32nd season of the Azadegan League and 22nd as the second highest division since its establishment in 1991. The season started on 11 October 2022 with 13 teams from the 2021–22 Azadegan League, two new teams relegated from the 2021–22 Persian Gulf Pro League (Shahr Khodro and Fajr Sepasi) and three new teams promoted from the 2021–22 League 2 (Chooka, Shahin Bandar Ameri and Van Pars Naghshe Jahan as champion, runner-up and third-placed team, respectively). These changes had taken effect before the season:

2021–22 Persian Gulf Pro League
The 2021–22 Persian Gulf Pro League (formerly known as Iran Pro League) was the 39th season of Iran's Football League and 21st as Persian Gulf Pro League since its establishment in 2001.Persepolis were the defending champions. Esteghlal won the league with a record 68-point through an unprecedented unbeaten campaign. The season featured 14 teams from the 2020–21 Persian Gulf Pro League and two new teams promoted from the 2020–21 Azadegan League: Fajr Sepasi and Havadar.

The 2021–22 season started 24 September 2021 and ended 20 June 2022.
Monika Vana
Monika Vana (born 14 September 1969) is an Austrian politician of The Greens-The Green Alternative, part of Parliamentary Group the  European Green Party. She is currently a Member of the European Parliament.

In parliament, Vana serves on the Committee on Budgets, the Committee on Regional Development, the Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality. She is a member of the delegation for relations with Australia and New Zealand as well as the United States. In addition to her committee assignments, she is a member of the European Parliament Intergroup Urban and of the European Parliament Intergroup on LGBT Rights.

European Parliament Intergroup on LGBT Rights
The European Parliament Intergroup on LGBTI Rights is an intergroup of the European Parliament's legislators which focuses on the rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (LGBTI) persons both inside and outside the European Union. It is a cross-party group of Members of the European Parliament counting over 150 supporters from five political groups and all EU countries. The LGBTI Intergroup remains the largest in the 2019 to 2024 legislature.

The Intergroup collaborates with EU institutions (European Commission, Council of the European Union, EEAS, European Committee of the Regions, Fundamental Rights Agency), Permanent Representations of Member States, other European International Organisations (e.g. Council of Europe, United Nations) and civil society associations (LGBTI-specific associations such as ILGA-Europe, IGLYO, Transgender Europe, NELFA, or with broader human rights focuses like Front Line Defenders, Civil Rights Defenders and Amnesty International).
Centurione I Zaccaria
Centurione I Zaccaria was one of the most powerful nobles of the Principality of Achaea in the 14th century. He was the firstborn son of Martino Zaccaria and Jacqueline de la Roche, last representant of the prestigious Burgundian house of the Duchy of Athens. In 1334 Centurione succeeded his brother, Bartolomeo Zaccaria as baron of Damala. After the death of Martino he rose as lord of one half of the Barony of Chalandritsa, and in 1359 he acquired the other half. In about 1370 he was named Grand Constable of Achaea and received also the Barony of Estamira. He also thrice held the post of bailli (viceroy) for the principality's Angevin rulers.

Duchy of Athens
The Duchy of Athens (Greek: Δουκᾶτον Ἀθηνῶν, Doukaton Athinon; Catalan: Ducat d'Atenes) was one of the Crusader states set up in Greece after the conquest of the Byzantine Empire during the Fourth Crusade as part of the process known as Frankokratia, encompassing the regions of Attica and Boeotia, and surviving until its conquest by the Ottoman Empire in the 15th century.
Berkåk station
Berkåk Station (Norwegian: Berkåk stasjon) is a railway station located in the village of Berkåk in Rennebu Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway.  It is located close to the European route E06 highway.

The station is located along the Dovrebanen railway line, and it is served by four daily express trains each direction to Oslo and Trondheim as well as a few commuter trains to Trondheim.  There are buses connections to the town of Orkanger by AtB.

The station was opened in 1921 as part of the Dovre Line when it was extended from Dombås to Trondheim.

Dombås
Dombås (pronunciationⓘ) is a village in Dovre Municipality in northern Innlandet county, Norway. The village serves as the commercial centre for the upper Gudbrandsdalen valley. It lies at an important junction of roads with the European route E6 highway heading north and south connecting the cities of Oslo and Trondheim and the European route E136 highway heading west to Åndalsnes. The Dovrebanen and Raumabanen railway lines meet in the village at Dombås Station as well. Dombås Church is located in the village.

The 1.57-square-kilometre (390-acre) village has a population (2024) of 1163 and a population density of 741 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,920/sq mi).
Algeria women's national under-18 basketball team
The Algeria women's national under-18 basketball team is a national basketball team of Algeria, administered by the Algerian Basketball Federation. It represents the country in international under-18 women's basketball competitions.

Algerian Basketball Federation
The Algerian Basketball Federation (Arabic: الاتحاديه الجزائريه لكرة السلة; FABB) is the governing body of basketball in Algeria. Formed in 1963, it is based in the capital town Algiers. The FABB is a member of the International Basketball Federation (FIBA) and also belong to the FIBA Africa zone. The current president of the federation is Mehdi Oucif.
Waterworks Museum (Cape Town)
The Waterworks Museum is located on the northern side of Table Mountain, between the Woodhead and Hely-Hutchinson Reservoirs, in Cape Town, South Africa. The museum was founded in 1972 by Terence Timoney, a retired waterworks engineer. The museum houses a display of memorabilia from the construction of the dams on Table Mountain which include a restored narrow gauge steam engine. It has an interesting display of original equipment, hand tools, instruments and photographs and includes the original well-preserved steam locomotive used to haul equipment from the old cableway at Kasteelspoort.

Woodhead Dam
Woodhead Dam is a dam on Table Mountain, Western Cape, South Africa. It was built in 1897 and supplies water to Cape Town. The dam, which was the first large masonry dam in South Africa, was designated as an International Historic Civil Engineering Landmark by the American Society of Civil Engineers in 2008.
2008 Six-red Snooker International
The 2008 Six-red Snooker International (also known as the 2008 SangSom 6-red Snooker International for promotional and marketing purposes) was a six-red snooker tournament that took place between 8 and 13 July 2008 at the Montien Riverside Hotel in Bangkok, Thailand.

Twenty-one of the tournament's 48 competitors were currently on the 2008/09 main tour of the more established 15-reds game, including former world champions Peter Ebdon and Ken Doherty, 2007 finalist Mark Selby and the hugely successful Jimmy White. A relatively high proportion of competitors were from Asia.

SangSom
SangSom (Thai: แสงโสม) is a Thai distilled spirit produced since 1979. It is manufactured by SangSom Company, a subsidiary of ThaiBev. Often referred to as a rum-type spirit, SangSom is made primarily from molasses and is one of the most widely consumed alcoholic beverages in Thailand.
Ferric-chelate reductase
In enzymology, a ferric-chelate reductase (EC 1.16.1.7) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

2 Fe(II) + NAD+  2 Fe(III) + NADH + H+

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are Fe(II) and NAD+, whereas its 3 products are Fe(III), NADH, and H+.

Hydrogen ion
A hydrogen ion is an ion created when a hydrogen atom loses or gains an electron. A positively charged hydrogen ion (or proton) can readily combine with other particles and therefore is only seen isolated when it is in a gaseous state or a nearly particle-free space. Due to its extremely high charge density of approximately 2×1010 times that of a sodium ion, the bare hydrogen ion cannot exist freely in solution as it readily hydrates, i.e., bonds quickly. The hydrogen ion is recommended by IUPAC as a general term for all ions of hydrogen and its isotopes. 
Depending on the charge of the ion, two different classes can be distinguished: positively charged ions (hydrons) and negatively charged (hydride) ions.
Jim Godman
James William Godman (January 5, 1946 – May 3, 2001) was an American professional bowler who won eleven titles on the Professional Bowlers Tour, and was the first bowler to win the prestigious Tournament of Champions (then sponsored by Firestone) twice, winning in 1969 and 1973. Godman was ranked 32nd in a 2008 poll of the 50 Greatest PBA Bowlers of all-time. He is a member of the PBA and United States Bowling Congress (USBC) Halls of Fame.

He won the 1971 ABC (now USBC) Masters tournament and was also the first bowler in USBC Open Championships history to record three 700 series in one tournament.

The right-handed Godman was an early adopter of the "cranker" style of bowling, using a cupped wrist to create more ball revolutions and greater power compared to his contemporaries.

Glendale Heights, Illinois
Glendale Heights is a village in DuPage County, Illinois, United States. Per the 2020 census, the population was 33,176. The village is almost entirely residential, and is a far west suburb of Chicago.
The Organization (film)
The Organization is a 1971 American crime thriller film starring Sidney Poitier and directed by Don Medford. It was the last of the trilogy featuring the police detective Virgil Tibbs that had begun with In the Heat of the Night (1967), followed by They Call Me Mister Tibbs! (1970). In The Organization, Tibbs is called in to hunt down a gang of urban revolutionaries, suspected of a series of crimes. The screenplay was penned by James R. Webb, and the film co-stars Barbara McNair, Gerald S. O'Laughlin, Sheree North and Raul Julia.

Gerald S. O'Loughlin
Gerald Stuart O'Loughlin Jr. (December 23, 1921 – July 31, 2015) was an American television, stage, and film actor and director who was primarily known for playing tough-talking and rough-looking characters. He is best known for Ed Ryker on The Rookies (1972-1976).
Sulfur oxygenase/reductase
In enzymology, a sulfur oxygenase/reductase (EC 1.13.11.55) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

4 sulfur + 4 H2O + O2  2 hydrogen sulfide + 2 bisulfite + 2 H+

The three substrates of this enzyme are sulfur, H2O, and O2, whereas its three products are hydrogen sulfide, bisulfite, and H+.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on single donors with O2 as the oxidant and incorporating two atoms of oxygen into the substrate (oxygenases). The oxygen incorporated need not be derived from O2.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is sulfur:oxygen oxidoreductase (hydrogen-sulfide- and sulfite-forming). Other names in common use include SOR, sulfur oxygenase, and sulfur oxygenase reductase.

Oxidoreductase
In biochemistry, an oxidoreductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from one molecule, the reductant, also called the electron donor, to another, the oxidant, also called the electron acceptor. This group of enzymes usually utilizes NADP+ or NAD+ as cofactors. Transmembrane oxidoreductases create electron transport chains in bacteria, chloroplasts and mitochondria, including respiratory complexes I, II and III. Some others can associate with biological membranes as peripheral membrane proteins or be anchored to the membranes through a single transmembrane helix.
Skoog (surname)
Skoog is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Arne Skoog (1913–1999), Swedish journalist and broadcaster

Christer Skoog (born 1945), Swedish politician

Ed Skoog (born 1971), American poet

Ewa Skoog Haslum (born 1968), Swedish Navy officer

Folke K. Skoog (1908–2001), Swedish plant physiologist

Helge Skoog (born 1938), Swedish actor, TV series Teatersport

Henrik Skoog (born 1979), Swedish middle-distance runner

Matz Skoog (1957–2026), Swedish ballet dancer and artistic director

Myer Skoog (1926–2019), American basketball player

Niklas Skoog (born 1974), Swedish football player

Henrik Skoog
Henrik Skoog (born 17 April 1979) is a Swedish middle distance runner.

He finished sixth in the 5,000m final at the 2006 European Athletics Championships in Gothenburg.

He won three bronze medals at the Nordic Cross Country Championships, reaching the podium in 2002, 2004 and 2006.
Vaayai Moodi Pesavum (soundtrack)
Vaayai Moodi Pesavum is the soundtrack album to the 2014 film of the same name directed by Balaji Mohan and stars Dulquer Salmaan and Nazriya Nazim. The film score and soundtrack were composed by independent musician Sean Roldan in his feature film debut. The album accompanied eight tracks; five songs and three Instrumentals. Balaji Mohan, Muthamil and Madhan Karky wrote lyrics for the Tamil version, while its Malayalam version Samsaaram Aarogyathinu Haanikaram featured lyrics by Anu Elizabeth Jose and Santhosh Varma.

Balaji Mohan
Balaji Mohan (born 25 May 1987) is an Indian filmmaker and actor in Tamil-language films. After discontinuing his engineering studies to pursue his passion for becoming a director, he enrolled at a film academy and attended courses and workshops, besides participating in short film contests. After shooting over half a dozen short films, he directed his first full-length film, a romantic comedy Kadhalil Sodhappuvadhu Yeppadi based on one of his short films.
The Lakeman Brothers
The Lakeman Brothers were an English folk music trio, consisting of Sean Lakeman, Sam Lakeman and Seth Lakeman. They released one album, Three Piece Suite, in 1994 before forming the band Equation with Kate Rusby and Kathryn Roberts.

Seth has gone on to have success as a solo artist, particularly with his Mercury Music Prize-nominated second album Kitty Jay (2004). Sean has recorded two albums with Kathryn Roberts and tours with Seth. Sam performs with his wife Cara Dillon.

Cara Dillon
Cara Elizabeth Dillon (born 21 July 1975, in Dungiven, County Londonderry, Northern Ireland) is a Northern Irish folk singer.

In 1995, she joined the folk group Equation and signed a record deal with Warners Music Group. After leaving the group, she collaborated with Sam Lakeman under the name Polar Star. In 2001, she released her first solo album, Cara Dillon, which featured traditional songs and two original Dillon/Lakeman compositions. The album was an unexpected hit in the folk world, with Dillon receiving four nominations at the 2002 BBC Radio 2 Folk Awards. She has since released a further eight albums.