hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Public opposition
Public opposition describes a form of social activity that deliberately opposes establishment opinion in the public sphere in order to raise public awareness of topics, problems or social groups that appear to be neglected or oppressed. As with the public sphere, public opposition is in direct opposition to the private sphere — at its core, it is about occupying public spaces where people can gather and get informed. The development of various means of communication has decisively influenced the forms and possibilities of informational transfer.

Demonstrations are the oldest and still current means for people to draw attention to themselves, their situation or their concerns. Here, no (technological) means of communication is needed to convey messages - this can be done by shouting, chanting or displaying posters - and the messages will come across. Advocacy journalism also attempts to draw attention to topics that are underrepresented in the mass media.

Information transfer
In telecommunications, information transfer is the process of moving messages containing user information from a source to a sink via a communication channel. In this sense, information transfer is equivalent to data transmission which highlights more practical, technical aspects.

The information transfer rate may or may not be equal to the transmission modulation rate.

Bidirectional information transfer is called information exchange.
1946 Bexley by-election
The 1946 Bexley by-election was held on 22 July 1946.  The by-election was held due to the resignation of the incumbent Labour MP, Jennie Adamson, upon nomination as deputy chairman of the Unemployment Assistance Board.  It was won by the Labour candidate Ashley Bramall, with a much reduced majority.

Ashley Bramall
Sir Ernest Ashley Bramall (6 January 1916 – 10 February 1999) was a British Labour Party politician, Member of Parliament for Bexley from 1946 to 1950 and Leader of the Inner London Education Authority (ILEA) for 11 years. He married twice – his first wife, Margaret, led the National Council for One Parent Families and looked after their two children.
Robledo Mountains
The Robledo Mountains are a mountain range in Doña Ana County, New Mexico, just northwest of Las Cruces. They are an uplifted block of Paleozoic rocks on the west side of the Rio Grande Rift.

The range was named for Pedro Robledo, who died on May 21, 1598, and was buried nearby.  Robledo was the first casualty of the Oñate expedition, sent to colonize the upper Rio Grande valley.  A native of Toledo, Spain, Robledo was accompanied on the expedition by his wife and five children.

These mountains are home to Early Permian trackways of invertebrates and vertebrates.  In 2009, the main locality was designated the 100th active national monument in the United States, and named Prehistoric Trackways National Monument. Rock outcrops in the area preserve numerous examples of early Permian trackways. These trackways include prints of Dimetrodon, Edaphosaurus, Eryops, Cacops and many other small pelycosaurs.

Pelycosaur
Pelycosaur (/ˈpɛlɪkəˌsɔːr/ PEL-ih-kə-sor) is an older term for basal or primitive Late Paleozoic synapsids, excluding the therapsids and their descendants. Previously, the term mammal-like reptile was used, and Pelycosauria was considered an order, but this is now thought to be incorrect and outdated. The terms stem mammals, protomammals, and basal or primitive synapsids are instead used where needed.

Because Pelycosaur excludes its own descendants, the advanced synapsid group Therapsida, the term is paraphyletic and contrary to modern formal naming practice. Thus the name pelycosaurs, similar to the term mammal-like reptiles, fell out of favor among scientists by the 21st century, and is only used informally, if at all, in the modern scientific literature.
Nikolaus von Laun
Nikolaus von Laun, O.E.S.A. (also known as Nicolaus de Luna and Mikuláš z Loun) was a Bohemian Augustinian friar and scholar. He served as the Prior Provincial of the large Province of Bavaria-Bohemia.

Nikolaus was one of the first Theology professors at Charles University in Prague (founded in 1348). He wrote several works in the subject area of homiletics. Between 1362 and his death in 1371 he served as a bishop.

St Thomas' Church, Prague
Saint Thomas Church (Czech: Kostel svatého Tomáše) is an Augustinian church in Malá Strana, Prague, Czech Republic. The address is at Josefská 8. The church is easily recognisable in the Prague skyline. Saint Thomas' Church stands within the vicinity of both Saint Nicholas' Church and the Castle of Prague. In 2003, Saint Thomas Church celebrated its 775 anniversary.
Sardar Aurang Zeb Khan
Sardar Aurang Zeb Khan Gandapur (Urdu: سردار اورنگزیب خان گنڈہ پور) (1899 – 1953) was a Pakistani politician from the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan (former name of the province was N.W.F.P.). He served as the Chief Minister of the province from 25 May 1943 to 16 March 1945.

Chief minister
A chief minister is an elected or appointed head of government of – in most instances – a sub-national entity, for instance an administrative subdivision or federal constituent entity. Examples include a state (and sometimes a union territory) in India; a territory of Australia; a province of Sri Lanka or Pakistan; a federal province in Nepal; an autonomous region of Philippines; or a British Overseas Territory that has attained self-governance. It is also used as the English version of the title given to the heads of governments of the Malay states without a monarchy.

The title is also used in the Crown Dependencies of the Isle of Man (since 1986), in Guernsey (since 2004), and in Jersey (since 2005).

In 2018, Sierra Leone, a presidential republic, created the role of an appointed chief minister, which is similar to a prime minister in a semi-presidential system. Before that, only Milton Margai had the same position between 1954 and 1958.
Swimming at the 1987 Pan American Games – Women's 100 metre backstroke
The women's 100 metre backstroke competition of the swimming events at the 1987 Pan American Games took place on 11 August at the Indiana University Natatorium. The last Pan American Games champion was Susan Walsh of US.

This race consisted of two lengths of the pool, all in backstroke.

1987 Pan American Games
The 1987 Pan American Games, officially known as the X Pan American Games, was a major international multi-sport event held in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States, on August 7–23, 1987. Over 4,300 athletes from 38 countries in the Americas competed in 297 events in 30 sports, earning 1,015 medals. Events were held at 23 venues in and around Indianapolis. The official mascot for the games was Amigo, a green parrot.
Michael (Franz Ferdinand song)
"Michael" is a song by Scottish indie rock band Franz Ferdinand. It was released as the fourth single from their eponymous debut studio album on 16 August 2004 through Domino Records. The song was notable for its homoerotic lyrics such as "stubble on my sticky lips" and "beautiful boys on a beautiful dancefloor".

"Michael" released in multiple formats, including a 7-inch vinyl, two 12-inch vinyls, and two CDs. The second CD that was released was pulled from stores a day after its release due to chart ineligibility as it had three tracks on it instead of two, which is the allowed number of tracks for the CD2 format. It was later re-released with only two tracks. The song experienced commercial success, peaking at number 17 on the UK Singles Chart, number 39 on the Irish Singles Chart, and number 15 on the Finnish Singles Chart.

Twelve-inch single
The twelve-inch single (often written as 12-inch or 12″) is a type of vinyl (polyvinyl chloride or PVC) gramophone record that has wider groove spacing and shorter playing time with a "single" or a few related sound tracks on each surface, compared to LPs (long play) which have several songs on each side. It is named for its 12-inch (30 cm) diameter that was intended for LPs. This technical adaptation allows for louder levels to be cut on the disc by the mastering engineer, which in turn gives a wider dynamic range, and thus better sound quality. This record type, which is claimed to have been accidentally discovered by Tom Moulton, is commonly used in disco and dance music genres, where DJs use them to play in clubs. They are played at either 33+1⁄3 or 45 revolutions per minute (rpm). The conventional 7-inch single usually holds three or four minutes of music at full volume. The 12-inch LP sacrifices volume for extended playing time.
Turku shipyard
Name Turku shipyard usually means either of the following yards in Turku, Finland:

Crichton-Vulcan (1924–1989); from 1965 Wärtsilä Turku Shipyard; discontinued in 1989

Perno shipyard (1976 –), also known as Wärtsilä Perno Shipyard, Kværner Masa-Yards Turku New Shipyard,  Aker Turku Shipyard, STX Turku; currently operated by Meyer Turku

Other yards of Turku area:

Turun Veneveistämö, Turku boat works

Pansio shipyard (1945–1987)

Laivateollisuus (1945−1988)

Turku Repair Yard, located in Luonnonmaa island, Naantali

Navire

Ab Vulcan (1898–1924)

STX Europe
STX Europe AS, formerly Aker Yards ASA, was until 2012 a subsidiary of the South Korean STX Offshore & Shipbuilding.

With headquarters in Oslo, Norway, STX Europe operated 15 shipyards in Brazil, Finland, France, Norway, Romania and Vietnam.  The company had three business areas: Cruise & Ferries, Offshore & Specialized Vessels and Other Operations.

In 2012, with rising outstanding debts, STX retained the Finnish cruise shipbuilding yard and sold the remainder as STX OSV Holdings, (Offshore & Specialist Vessels), including all the yards, to Fincantieri, which renamed the group Vard.

In September 2014 STX Finland was sold, 70% to Meyer Werft and 30% to the Finnish government. The operations were continued under name Meyer Turku thereafter. Meyer Werft acquired the Finnish government's 30% in April 2015.

In 2017 STX France was acquired by the French government after the bankruptcy of STX Corporation and reverted to its original name of Chantiers de l'Atlantique.
Hierodoris sesioides
Hierodoris sesioides is a species of moth in the family Oecophoridae. It is endemic to New Zealand and is known from its type locality of Esk State Forest in the Hawkes Bay. The host species is Spohora tetraptera, a kōwhai species. The larvae feed internally in woody galls on the stems of this plant. This species is classified as "Data Deficient" by the Department of Conservation.

Oecophoridae
Oecophoridae (concealer moths) is a family of small moths in the superfamily Gelechioidea. The phylogeny and systematics of gelechoid moths are still not fully resolved, and the circumscription of the Oecophoridae is strongly affected by this.
RAF Sutton Bridge
Royal Air Force Sutton Bridge or more simply RAF Sutton Bridge is a former Royal Air Force station found next to the village of Sutton Bridge in the south-east of Lincolnshire. The airfield was to the south of the current A17, and east of the River Nene, next to Walpole in Norfolk.

Walpole, Norfolk
Walpole is a civil parish in Norfolk, England. The parish includes the conjoined villages of Walpole St Andrew and Walpole St Peter. Walpole Highway and Walpole Cross Keys are separate civil parishes.

The parish covers an area of 19.27 km2 (7.44 sq mi), and had a population of 1,707 in 654 households as of the 2001 Census, the population increasing to 1,804 at the 2011 Census.

For the purposes of local government, Walpole falls within the district of King's Lynn and West Norfolk.
An electoral ward in the same name exists. This ward had a population at the 2011 Census of 2,322.

Edmund of Walpole was Abbot of Bury St Edmunds from 1248 to 1256.
L'Heureux
L'Heureux is a surname of French origin. People with that name include:

Bob L'Heureux (born 1940), American politician

Christine L'Heureux (fl. c. 1997), Canadian author and publisher

Claire L'Heureux-Dubé (born 1927), Canadian judge

Élise L'Heureux (1827–1896), Canadian photographer

Gaston L'Heureux (1943–2011), Canadian journalist and TV host

Ginette L'Heureux (fl. from 1986), Canadian administrator and politician

John L'Heureux (1934–2019), American author

Justine L'Heureux (born 1989), Canadian speed skater

Patrice L'Heureux (1972–2018), Canadian boxer

Philippe Lheureux, Moon landing conspiracy theorist

Sonia L'Heureux, Parliamentary Librarian of Canada 2012–2018

Yvon L'Heureux (1914–1984), Canadian politician

Zachary L'Heureux (born 2003), Canadian ice hockey player

Bob L'Heureux
Robert L'Heureux (born May 27, 1940) is an American politician in the state of New Hampshire. He was a member of the New Hampshire House of Representatives, sitting as a Republican from the Hillsborough 21 district from 2016 to 2020. He previously served from 1990 to 2010.
100 metre freestyle
The 100 metre freestyle is often considered to be the highlight (Blue Ribbon event) of the sport of swimming, like 100 metres in the sport of athletics, symbolizing the pinnacle of speed and athleticism in swimming competitions.

The first swimmer to break the one-minute barrier (long course) was Johnny Weissmuller, in 1922. The current world records holders are Pan Zhanle who broke the record in Paris 2024 Olympics  and Sarah Sjöström (since 2017).

Australian Dawn Fraser won the event a record three times at the Olympics, and she is the only woman to win it more than once. Four men, American Duke Kahanamoku, Weissmuller, Russian Alexander Popov, and Dutchman Pieter van den Hoogenband won the event at the Olympics twice. Popov was also world champion (held since 1973) three times.

Dawn Fraser
Dawn Fraser AC MBE (born 4 September 1937) is an Australian freestyle champion swimmer, eight-time olympic medallist, a 15-year world record holder in the 100-metre freestyle, and former politician. Controversial, yet the winner of countless honours, she has enjoyed national prominence and sparked national pride in Australia. She is one of only four swimmers to have won the same Olympic individual event three times – in her case the women's 100-metre freestyle.
Battles of Negba
The Battles of Negba were a series of military engagements between the Israel Defense Forces and the Egyptian army in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. Negba, a kibbutz founded in 1939, had a strategic position overlooking the Majdal – Bayt Jibrin road, and was a target of two major assaults by the Egyptians in June and July 1948.

On June 2, the Egyptians attacked the village from the south with a battalion reinforced with armor, artillery, and aircraft, and were beaten back by 140 defenders, who were assisted by motorized Negev Brigade forces. The second attack took place on July 12, when the Egyptians staged diversionary assaults on nearby positions and surrounded Negba from all sides, again with a reinforced battalion. This attack was also dispersed, and Negba remained in Israeli hands, serving as a forward base for attacks against Egyptian forces up to Operation Yoav.

Negba
Negba (Hebrew: נֶגְבָּה) is a kibbutz in southern Israel. Located in the northern Negev desert near the cities of Kiryat Malakhi and Ashkelon, it falls under the jurisdiction of Yoav Regional Council. In 2023 it had a population of 872.

The name of the kibbutz is based on a verse in the Book of Genesis (13:14), where God commands Abraham to cast his eyes and travel throughout the land of Israel, toward the north, south, east and west. The word "negba" means "southward" in Biblical Hebrew.
28 cm RK L/22
The 28 cm RK L/22 was a 28 cm caliber Krupp Ring Kanone (built-up gun) used for coastal defence. It was a rifled breech loader with a Krupp cylindroprismatic sliding breech. For some time it was the heaviest German naval gun.

Rifled breech loader
A rifled breech loader (RBL) is an artillery piece which, unlike the smoothbore cannon and rifled muzzle loader which preceded it, has rifling in the barrel and is loaded from the breech at the rear of the gun.

The spin imparted by the gun's rifling gives projectiles directional stability and increased range. Loading from the rear of the gun leaves the crew less exposed to enemy fire, allows smaller gun emplacements or turrets, and allows a faster rate of fire.

These rapidly improving breech systems and the powerful new guns they facilitated led to an arms race in fortification and ironclad warship design that led to the battleship class of HMS Dreadnought and continued until the start of World War I.
Speckled moray
The speckled moray, or Griffin's moray (Gymnothorax obesus) is a moray eel of the genus Gymnothorax, found in Australia and around the offshore islands off Northland and the Bay of Plenty in the North Island of New Zealand at depths down to 100 m, in reef areas of broken rock.  Their length is between 40 and 200 cm.

Bay of Plenty
The Bay of Plenty (Māori: Te Moana-a-Toitehuatahi) is a large bight along the northern coast of New Zealand's North Island. It stretches 260 kilometres (160 mi) from the Coromandel Peninsula in the west to Cape Runaway in the east. Called Te Moana-a-Toitehuatahi (the Ocean of Toitehuatahi) in the Māori language after Toi-te-huatahi, an early ancestor, the name 'Bay of Plenty' was bestowed by James Cook in 1769 when he noticed the abundant food supplies at several Māori villages there, in stark contrast to observations he had made earlier in Poverty Bay.
Bull Lake (Boon Township, Ontario)
Bull Lake is a lake in geographic Boon Township in Algoma District, Ontario, Canada. It is about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) long and 0.65 kilometres (0.4 mi) wide, and lies at an elevation of 357 metres (1,171 ft). The primary outflow is an unnamed creek to Little Bull Lake, which flows into Burnett Lake and then via Low Creek into the West River aux Sables, a tributary of the River aux Sables.

Bull Lake is about 28 kilometres (17 mi) north of the community of Massey, where the River aux Sables joins the Spanish River. Highway 553 travels from Massey to Bull Lake, and Highway 810 continues from that point further north to Richie Falls.

A second Bull Lake in Algoma District, Bull Lake (Varley Township), lies 73 kilometres (45 mi) west northwest.

Algoma District
Algoma District is a district and census division in Northeastern Ontario in the Canadian province of Ontario.

The name was created by an American  ethnologist, Henry Rowe Schoolcraft (1793–1864), who was appointed Indian agent to the Ojibwe in Sault Ste. Marie region in 1822.  "Al" is derived from Algonquin, while "goma" is a variant of gomee, meaning lake or water.

Algoma District has shoreline along Lake Superior and Lake Huron. It has an international border crossing to the American state of Michigan, at Sault Ste. Marie. Historically, it was known for its lumber and mining industries.

The rugged scenery of the region has inspired works by Canadian artists, particularly the Group of Seven. They rented a boxcar from the Algoma Central Railway to travel on excursions through this region.
Kwangsisaurus
Kwangsisaurus is an extinct genus of a basal pistosauroid known from the Early or Middle Triassic (Olenekian or Anisian age) of Guangxi, southern China. It contains a single species, Kwangsisaurus orientalis.

Pistosauroidea
Pistosauroidea is a group of marine reptiles within the superorder Sauropterygia that first appeared in the latter part of the Early Triassic and were the ancestors of plesiosaurs. Pistosauroids are rare in Triassic marine assemblages, and are represented by only a few fossils from central Europe, the United States, and China. Recent phylogenetic analyses consider the Triassic pistosauroids to be a paraphyletic grouping, meaning that they do not form a true clade. Plesiosauria is now placed within Pistosauroidea, while the traditional pistosauroids are successively more basal, or primitive, sauropterygians.

Below is a cladogram of pistosauroid relationships from Cheng et al. (2006):

Below is a cladogram of pistosauroid relationships from Ketchum & Benson, 2011:
Rengifo
Rengifo is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alma Beatriz Rengifo (1953–2015), Colombian lawyer and politician

César Rengifo (1915–1980), Venezuelan painter, writer, poet and journalist

Federico Rengifo, 25th Ambassador of Colombia to France

Hernán Rengifo (born 1983), Peruvian footballer

Luis Rengifo (born 1997), Venezuelan baseball player

Manuel Rengifo (1793–1845), Chilean politician

Raúl Gonzalo Cuero Rengifo, African Colombian professor of microbiology

Tomás Rengifo, Salvadoran former swimmer

Ana Rengifo (born 1994), Colombian bookkeeper.

Federico Renjifo Vélez
Federico Alonso Renjifo Vélez is the 25th Ambassador of Colombia to France dually accredited as Non-Resident Ambassador of Colombia to Algeria and Monaco. A Colombian lawyer and economist, he also served as the 30th Minister of Mines and Energy, and 10th Minister of the Interior.
Juan Castro
Juan Gabriel Castro (born June 20, 1972), is a Mexican professional baseball coach and former infielder, who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Los Angeles Dodgers, Cincinnati Reds, Minnesota Twins, Baltimore Orioles, and Philadelphia Phillies, during his 17-year big league career. He currently serves as the manager for the Acereros de Monclova of the Mexican League.

Castro was known mainly for his defensive abilities. He was primarily a reserve player. Castro batted and threw right-handed. Following his retirement as a player, Castro joined the Dodgers organization as a coach. During the 2020 and 2021 seasons, Castro was the infield coach for the Phillies.

Mexico national baseball team
The Mexico national baseball team (Spanish: Selección de béisbol de México), it is also known in Spanish by the nickname Novena Mexicana (English: Mexican Nonet), is the baseball team that represents Mexico in international tournaments. It is currently the 4th-ranked baseball team in the world.

Team Mexico will compete in the 2026 World Baseball Classic in March 2026.
Portage Peak
Portage Peak is a 4,347-foot (1,325 m) elevation mountain summit located in the Chugach Mountains, in Anchorage Municipality in the U.S. state of Alaska. The peak is situated in Chugach National Forest, immediately east of Twentymile River valley, and 1.8 mi (3 km) west of Begich Peak. It is set midway between Girdwood and Whittier, with the Portage Glacier Highway and Alaska Railroad traversing the southern base of the mountain. Precipitation runoff from the peak drains into Turnagain Arm via Portage Creek and Twentymile River. This mountain is unofficially named in association with the creek and nearby Portage Lake, Portage Glacier, and Portage ghost town.

Twentymile River
The Twentymile River is a river near the Kenai Peninsula in Alaska. It rises in a remote valley from meltwater of several small glaciers on Whitecrown in the Chugach Mountains and flows out into a large, wide valley where it receives the water of the Moraine and Glacier rivers. Eventually, the river empties into Turnagain Arm after flowing 17 miles (27 km)  to a broad marshy delta alongside the deltas of Portage Creek and the Placer River. Contrary to popular belief, the source of the river is not Twentymile Glacier.

This river is known locally for its large runs of smelt (hooligan) every summer during the month of May. Many people from Anchorage go there to dipnet for them. It also has some small salmon runs.
Qasemi, Nishapur
Qasemi (Persian: قاسمي, also Romanized as Qāsemī) is a village in Eshqabad Rural District, Miyan Jolgeh District, Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 466, in 115 families.

Nishapur County
Nishapur County (Persian: شهرستان نیشاپور) is in Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Nishapur, the second largest city in the province and the third largest city in Eastern Iran.