hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Carbene radical
Carbene radicals are a special class of organometallic carbenes. The carbene radical can be formed by one-electron reduction of Fischer-type carbenes using an external reducing agent, or directly upon carbene formation at an open-shell transition metal complex (in particular low-spin cobalt(II) complexes) using diazo compounds and related carbene precursors.


Cobalt(III)-carbene radicals have found catalytic applications in cyclopropanation reactions, as well as in a variety of other catalytic radical-type ring-closing reactions.

Theoretical calculations and EPR studies confirmed their radical-type behaviour and explained the bonding interactions underlying the stability of the carbene radical.
Stable carbene radicals of other metals are known, but the catalytically relevant cobalt(III)-carbene radicals have thus far only been synthesized as long-lived reactive intermediates.

Antibonding molecular orbital
In theoretical chemistry, an antibonding orbital is a type of molecular orbital that weakens the chemical bond between two atoms and helps to raise the energy of the molecule relative to the separated atoms. Such an orbital has one or more nodes in the bonding region between the nuclei. The density of the electrons in the orbital is concentrated outside the bonding region and acts to pull one nucleus away from the other and tends to cause mutual repulsion between the two atoms.  This is in contrast to a bonding molecular orbital, which has a lower energy than that of the separate atoms, and is responsible for chemical bonds.
Manuel Schleis
Manuel Schleis (born 1979) is a German music producer and former sound designer. He is best known for publishing the Vengeance sample libraries. Computer Music said in 2020 that Vengeance Essential Clubsounds, Volume 1 would "go down in history as a library that changed the sound of dance music".

Novation Digital Music Systems
Novation Music is a British musical equipment manufacturer, founded in 1992 by Ian Jannaway and Mark Thompson as Novation Electronic Music Systems. Today the company specialises in MIDI controllers with and without keyboards, both analogue and virtual analogue synthesisers, grid-based performance controllers, and grooveboxes.
The Witness (Queen of Swords)
"The Witness" is the fifth episode of the syndicated television series Queen of Swords, airing November 4, 2000.

Tessa witnesses a shooting of a peasant girl. Anton the son of retired sea captain Mary Rose, now a rancher, is arrested. Mary Rose is determined that Tessa will not testify, but equally determined are the girl's brothers that she does. Vera holds the key. Tessa kills for the first time.

Elsa Pataky
Elsa Lafuente Medianu (Spanish: [ˈelsa laˈfwente meˈðjanu]; born 18 July 1976), known professionally as Elsa Pataky, is a Spanish model and actress. Pataky is known for her leading role of Raquel Alonso in the Spanish teen drama Al salir de Clase (1997-2002), before garnering international recognition as Elena Neves in the Fast & Furious franchise. She has appeared in the films Snakes on a Plane (2006), Giallo (2009) and Give 'Em Hell, Malone (2009). She also starred in the Spanish film Di Di Hollywood (2010) and played Mr. Norton and the Vuvalini General in Furiosa: A Mad Max Saga (2024) in a dual role.
Holmenkollen National Arena
Holmenkollen National Arena (Norwegian: Holmenkollen nasjonalanlegg) is a Nordic skiing, ski jumping and biathlon venue located at Holmenkollen in Oslo, Norway. It consists of the large ski jumping hill Holmenkollbakken, the normal hill Midtstubakken and a stadium for cross-country skiing and a shooting range for biathlon. Since 1892, it has hosted the annual Holmenkollen Ski Festival, which is part of the world cup tournaments in ski jumping, cross-country skiing, Nordic combined, as well as annual Biathlon World Cup races. It has previously hosted the 1952 Winter Olympics, and the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in 1930, 1966, 1982 and 2011.

Sports venue
A sports venue is a building, structure, or place in which a sporting competition is held.

A stadium or arena is a place or venue for sports or other events and consists of a field or stage either partly or completely surrounded by a tiered structure designed to allow spectators to stand or sit and view the event.

There are various types of sporting venues, depending on the sport played. For example: the racetrack for car racing, the hippodrome for horse racing, the velodrome for cycling, and the swimming pool for swimming. Some sporting venues can accommodate over one hundred thousand spectators, such as the Indianapolis Motor Speedway in the United States, which has a capacity of 257,325 people.
St Teilo's Church, Llandeloy
St Teilo's Church, Llandeloy, is a redundant church in the village of Llandeloy, Pembrokeshire, Wales, dedicated to Saint Teilo.  It has been designated by Cadw as a Grade II listed building, and is under the care of the Friends of Friendless Churches.

Cadw
Cadw ([ˈkadu], a Welsh verbal noun meaning "keeping/preserving") is the historic environment service of the Welsh Government and part of the Tourism and Culture group. Cadw works to protect the historic buildings and structures, the landscapes and heritage sites of Wales, to make them available for the public to visit, enjoy, and understand their significance. Cadw manages 127 state-owned properties and sites. It arranges events at its managed properties, provides lectures and teaching sessions, offers heritage walks, and hosts an online shop. Members of the public can become members of Cadw to gain membership privileges.

Cadw marked its 40th year in 2024, by which time more than 33,000 properties, structures and monuments were under its care.
Jaman Shah
Jaman Shah is a small town in Layyah District in Punjab, Pakistan. It lies at 30°52'16.5"N 70°56'20.1"E, 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) south of Layyah city. The area consists of a semi-rectangular block of sandy land between the Indus and Chenab rivers in Sindh Sagar Doab. It is within the recently established civil division of Dera Ghazi Khan. Here the founder of Jaico Publishing House, Jaman Ali Khan ('Gilani') was born to a simple Sayed Muslim family of Arab ancestry which originated from Ha'il and Loralai Agency.

Layyah District
Layyah District (Saraiki: ضلع ليّہ, Urdu: ضلع ليہ), is a district in the Punjab, Pakistan. It is located in the southern part of the province. The city of Layyah is the administrative headquarters of Layyah district. Layyah has a hot, semi-arid climate.
2003 British Speedway Championship
The 2003 British Speedway Championship was the 43rd edition of the British Speedway Championship. The Final took place on 5 July at Arlington Stadium in Eastbourne, England. The Championship was won by Scott Nicholls, who beat Dean Barker, David Norris and Joe Screen in the final heat.

Scott Nicholls
Scott Karl Nicholls (born 16 May 1978) is an English motorcycle speedway rider, who has won the British Championship seven times, and was a full participant in the Speedway Grand Prix series between 2002 and 2008. He earned 8 international caps for the England national speedway team and 27 caps for the Great Britain team. He is also a speedway commentator.
Neto Borges
Vivaldo Borges dos Santos Neto (born 13 September 1996), commonly known as Neto Borges or simply Borges, is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a left-back for EFL Championship club Bristol City on loan from Middlesbrough.

2018 Allsvenskan
The 2018 Allsvenskan, part of the 2018 Swedish football season, was the 94th season of Allsvenskan since its establishment in 1924. A total of 16 teams participated. As the 2018 FIFA World Cup will start on 14 June, the last round before stoppage will be held on 27 May. The league will resume games on 7 July.

Malmö FF were the defending champions after winning the title in the previous season. AIK won the Swedish championship this season, their sixth Allsvenskan title and 12th Swedish championship overall, in the 30th round on 11 November when they won 0–1 in the away fixture against Kalmar FF at Guldfågeln Arena.
Growth factor-like domain
A growth factor-like domain (GFLD) is a protein domain structurally related to epidermal growth factor, which has a high binding affinity for the epidermal growth factor receptor. As structural domains within larger proteins, GFLD regions commonly bind calcium ions. A subtype present in the N-terminal region of the amyloid precursor protein is a member of the heparin-binding class of GFLDs and may itself have growth factor function, particularly in promoting neuronal development.

Epidermal growth factor
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a protein that stimulates cell growth and differentiation by binding to its receptor, EGFR. Human EGF is 6-kDa and has 53 amino acid residues and three intramolecular disulfide bonds.

EGF was originally described as a secreted peptide found in the submaxillary glands of mice and in human urine. EGF has since been found in many human tissues, including platelets, submandibular gland (submaxillary gland), and parotid gland. Initially, human EGF was known as urogastrone.
Massoud Abdelhafid
Massoud Abdelhafid (Arabic: مسعود عبد الحافظ, romanized: Masʿūd ʻAbd al-Ḥafīẓ) was a Libyan army general during the government of Muammar Gaddafi. He held various major positions in the government following the 1969 coup d'etat of Muammar Gaddafi, including Commander of Military Security, Governor of Fezzan and Head of Security in major cities. He was a prominent figure in Libya and played a major role in building relations with neighboring countries Chad and Sudan. Massoud Abdelhafid was a senior commander in the Libyan Army during the Chadian–Libyan conflict. Known for his leadership of Libyan-backed insurrections and wars in Chad, he was referred to as "Mr. Chad". He played many major roles in the military and the Government, and was considered a key figure during the regime. He married the sister of Ahmad Gaddaf-Al Dam.

Army
An army, ground force or land force is an armed force that fights primarily on land. In the broadest sense, it is the land-based military branch, service branch, or armed service of a nation or country. It may also include aviation assets by possessing an army aviation component. Within a national military force, the word army may also mean a field army.
Freshman List
"Freshman List" is a song by Canadian rapper Nav, released on March 16, 2018, as the second single from his debut studio album Reckless (2018). Produced by Rex Kudo and Charlie Handsome, it sees Nav taking aim at the hip hop magazine XXL.

Charlie Handsome
Ryan Vojtesak, known professionally as Charlie Handsome, is an American record producer and songwriter from Atlanta, Georgia. Vojtesak has been credited on albums for artists including BigXthaPlug, Post Malone, Khalid, Drake, Kanye West, Travis Scott, The Weeknd, Young Thug, Juice WRLD, Chance the Rapper, Kodak Black, Sam Hunt, and Morgan Wallen.
Against Androtion
"Against Androtion" was a speech composed by Demosthenes in which he accused Androtion of making an illegal proposal. This was the first surviving speech of Demosthenes composed on public charges (γραφαί, graphai).

The case was brought in 355/4 by Diodoros and Euktemon, and concerned Androtion's proposal that the council of that year be awarded a crown for their services. This was a customary award for the outgoing council every year, but the crown was only to be awarded to a council that had built a certain number of triremes that year. Despite the council of 355/4 BC having built no triremes, Androtion proposed that the crown should be awarded. After Androtion's proposal was passed, Euktemon and Diodorus brought a prosecution against Androtion claiming that the proposal had been illegal.

Boule (ancient Greece)
In cities of ancient Greece, the boule (Ancient Greek: βουλή; pl.: boulai, βουλαί) was a council (βουλευταί, bouleutai) appointed to run daily affairs of the city. Originally a council of nobles advising a king, boulai evolved according to the constitution of the city: In oligarchies boule positions might have been hereditary, while in democracies members were typically chosen by lot and served for one year. Little is known about the workings of many boulai, except in the case of Athens, for which extensive material has survived.
Walrus / Groon
Walrus/Groon is a collaborative 12" EP between the Japanese experimental doom band Boris and Japanese noise musician Merzbow. It was first sold at the 2007 South by Southwest festival in Austin, Texas.

"Walrus" is a cover of "I Am the Walrus" by The Beatles, specifically the Spooky Tooth 1970 version. "Groon" shares its name with a King Crimson improvisational piece, but has no musical resemblance. A different version of "Groon" appears on Switching Rethorics as "Vanlla Groon",  [sic] featuring sampled drums/guitar and credited to Merzbow only. It was later compiled on Another Merzbow Records. The artwork references that of the Yes album Close to the Edge. The release was pressed on five different vinyl colors: black, yellow with green, white with green, white with yellow, and clear with green.

Boris (band)
Boris (ボリス, Borisu) is a Japanese rock band that draws variously from styles such as sludge metal, drone, noise, psychedelia, and minimalism. Formed in 1992 in Tokyo, the band is composed of drummer Atsuo, guitarist/bassist Takeshi, and guitarist/keyboardist Wata. All three members sing. Boris has released more than 20 studio albums on various labels around the world, as well as a variety of live albums, compilations, EPs, singles, and collaborative albums. They have collaborated with acts such as Sunn O))), Merzbow, Keiji Haino, and guitarist Michio Kurihara.
Maria Anna Braunhofer
Maria Anna Braunhofer (15 January 1748 – 20 June 1819) was an operatic soprano, who created several roles in operas by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.

She was the daughter of F. J. Braunhofer, organist at Mondsee. She trained as a singer in Venice (1761–64) at the expense of Archbishop Sigismund von Schrattenbach and was employed at the Salzburg court. She created the part of Die göttliche Gerechtigkeit (Divine Justice) in Mozart's Die Schuldigkeit des ersten Gebots and was Giacinta in La finta semplice.

Mondsee (town)
Mondsee is a town in the Vöcklabruck district in the Austrian state of Upper Austria located on the shore of the lake Mondsee. The town is home to the medieval Mondsee Abbey, whose cloister church was used for the site of the wedding in The Sound of Music.

The town is also known for the SKGLB railway museum and for prehistoric pile-dwelling (or stilt house) settlements at Mondsee, which are part of UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

One of its past sons is Alexander Strähuber (1814–1882), the history painter and book illustrator, and from 1865 to 1882 professor at the Munich Royal Academy of Fine Arts.
Laisälven
Laisälven (Ume Sami: Lájssuo) is a river in central Lapland, in the municipalities of Arjeplog and Sorsele, Sweden with a length of 190 km. The catchment area is about 3 000 km2. The Laisälven is the largest tributary of the Vindelälven.

The Laisälven river is of national interest for cultural environment conservation.

Ume Sámi
Ume Sámi (Ume Sami: Ubmejesámiengiälla, Norwegian: Umesamisk, Swedish: Umesamiska) is a Sámi language spoken in Sweden and formerly in Norway. According to UNESCO's Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger (2010), there are fewer than 20 speakers of Ume Sami. It was spoken mainly along the Ume River in the south of present-day Arjeplog, in Sorsele and in Arvidsjaur.
Allagadda
Allagadda is a town in Nandyal district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is located in Nandyal Revenue division. The town is located at 15°08′00″N 78°31′00″E﻿ / ﻿15.13333°N 78.51667°E﻿ / 15.13333; 78.51667.

Allagadda is the headquarters of the Mandal and the Revenue Division. It has an extent of 62.30 km2.

The town is 118 km from Kurnool and 42 km from Nandyal on National Highway 40, and 30 km from Ahobilam. The town lies on the border of the districts Kurnool and Kadapa.

Allagadda is famous for stone carving, also ahobilam temple. Ahobilam, located near Allagadda, is a significant pilgrimage site for devotees of Lord Narasimha, the lion-headed avatar of Vishnu. It's known for the nine self-manifested (Swayambhu) temples of Lord Narasimha, each representing a different form and aspect of the deity.

Nandyal district
Nandyal district is a district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh with Nandyal as its administrative headquarters, it was formed on 4 April 2022 to become one of the resultant 26 districts. It is part of the Rayalaseema region. The district consists of Nandyal revenue division and a newly formed Dhone revenue division, Banaganapalle revenue division and Atmakur revenue division from Kurnool district.
2024 China Open (badminton)
The 2024 China Open (officially known as the Victor China Open 2024 for sponsorship reasons) was a badminton tournament which took place at Changzhou Olympic Sports Centre Xincheng Gymnasium in Changzhou, Jiangsu, China from 17 to 22 September 2024 and had a total prize of $2,000,000 which is the biggest prize money offer for season calendar except BWF World Tour Finals.

Jeong Na-eun
Jeong Na-eun (Korean: 정나은; born 27 June 2000) is a South Korean badminton player affiliated with Hwasun County team. She was the silver medalist in the mixed doubles at the 2024 Summer Olympics. She was part of Korean winning team in the 2022 Uber Cup and 2022 Asian Games. Jeong reached a career-high as world number 3 in women's doubles with Kim Hye-jeong and in mixed doubles with Kim Won-ho.

In her junior, Jeong won a bronze medal at the 2018 World Junior Championships and a silver at the Asian Junior Championships with her partner Wang Chan.
Lilium catesbaei
Lilium catesbaei, commonly known as Catesby's lily, pine lily, leopard lily, tiger lily, or southern-red lily is a species of lily native to the coastal plain of the American Southeast, from southeast Virginia to Florida, and west to Louisiana.

The species epithet is named after the English botanist Mark Catesby, who collected plants in the Southeastern United States in the early 18th Century.

Coastal plain
A coastal plain (also coastal plains, coastal lowland, coastal lowlands) is an area of flat, low-lying land adjacent to a sea coast. A fall line commonly marks the border between a coastal plain and an upland area.
Ann Rice O'Hanlon
Ann Louise Rice O'Hanlon (June 21, 1908 – 1998) was a 20th-century American visual artist who painted murals. O'Hanlon is best known for a fresco painted on the wall of Memorial Hall at the University of Kentucky in 1934 for the Treasury Relief Art Project. The fresco has repeatedly attracted negative attention for what many view as its romanticized depiction of African American slaves. In 2020 University of Kentucky President Eli Capilouto announced the fresco would be removed.

Eli Capilouto
Eli Capilouto (born August 22, 1949) is an American academic. He serves as the 12th president of the University of Kentucky. He was elected president by the University of Kentucky Board of Trustees in 2011, after serving as provost of the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB). Under his leadership, the Commonwealth's flagship and land-grant research university has grown from $2.7 billion to $6.8 billion in total operations and has gained significant momentum in fulfilling its multi-faceted mission of teaching, research, service and health care.
Brassavola cucullata
Brassavola cucullata, common name daddy long-legs orchid, is a species of orchid native to Mexico (from Sinaloa and San Luis Potosí south to Chiapas and the Yucatán Peninsula), Belize, Central America, the West Indies and northern South America (Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guinea).

Brassavola cucullatais the type species for the genus Brassavola, and the only member of B. sect. Brassavola.  The diploid chromosome number of B. cucullata has been determined as 2n = 40.

San Luis Potosí
San Luis Potosí, officially the Free and Sovereign State of San Luis Potosí, is one of the 32 states which compose the Federal Entities of Mexico. It is divided in 59 municipalities and is named after its capital city, San Luis Potosí.

It is located in eastern and central Mexico and is bordered by seven other Mexican states: Nuevo León to the north; Tamaulipas to the north-east; Veracruz to the east; Hidalgo, Querétaro and Guanajuato to the south; and Zacatecas to the north-west. In addition to the capital city, other major cities in the state include Ciudad Valles, Matehuala, Rioverde, and Tamazunchale.
Springthorpe
Springthorpe is a village and civil parish in the West Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 138.  It is situated approximately 4 miles (6 km) east from the town of Gainsborough.

Springthorpe is listed in Domesday Book as "Springetorp", consisting of 21 households and a church.

The limestone parish church, which is dedicated to Saint Lawrence and Saint George, is a Grade I listed building dating from the 11th century, and restored in 1865. The font is 13th-century.

The deserted medieval village of "Sturgate" or "Stourgate" was in the parish, and was documented from the end of the 12th century.

Deserted medieval village
In the United Kingdom, a deserted medieval village (DMV) is a former settlement which was abandoned during the Middle Ages, typically leaving no trace apart from earthworks or cropmarks. If there are three or fewer inhabited houses the convention is to regard the site as deserted; if there are more than three houses, it is regarded as a shrunken medieval village. There are estimated to be more than 3,000 DMVs in England alone.
Clonlonan
Clonlonan (Irish: Cluain Lonáin) is a barony in south–west County Westmeath, Ireland. It was formed by 1672. It is bordered by County Offaly to the south and a small part of County Roscommon at Long Island on the River Shannon to the west. It also borders four other Westmeath baronies: Kilkenny West and Rathconrath (to the north), Moycashel (to the north–east) and Brawny (to the west). The largest centre of population in the barony is the town of Moate.

County Westmeath
County Westmeath (/wɛstˈmiːð/; Irish: Contae na hIarmhí or simply An Iarmhí) is a county in Ireland. It is in the province of Leinster and is part of the Eastern and Midland Region. It formed part of the historic Kingdom of Meath, which was named Mide because the kingdom was located in the geographical centre of Ireland (the word Mide meaning 'middle'). Westmeath County Council is the administrative body for the county, and the county town is Mullingar. At the 2022 census, the population of the county was 95,840.
Precision Engineering Complex
The Precision Engineering Complex (PEC) is a Pakistani aerospace and manufacturing contractor of the aerospace components and parts, headquartered in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.

The PEC machines and manufactures machined elements and components of the GE, Boeing, and Airbus commercial aircraft as a local support engineering representative for the Pakistan International Airlines (PIA).

Until 2025, the PEC was a managed under the contract of the Pakistan International Airlines Holding Company Limited (PIAHCL), and is now entirely under the management of Pakistan Air Force under the contract Precision Engineering Complex (Private) Limited.

Manufacturing engineering
Manufacturing engineering or production engineering is a branch of professional engineering that shares many common concepts and ideas with other fields of engineering such as mechanical, chemical, electrical, and industrial engineering. 
Manufacturing engineering requires the ability to plan the practices of manufacturing; to research and to develop tools, processes, machines, and equipment; and to integrate the facilities and systems for producing quality products with the optimum expenditure of capital.

The manufacturing or production engineer's primary focus is to turn raw material into an updated or new product in the most effective, efficient & economic way possible. An example would be a company uses computer integrated technology in order for them to produce their product so that it is faster and uses less human labor.