hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Higgins (surname)
Higgins is a surname found in England and in Ireland, with several origins.

In England, the name originates from:

the name Hugh

the name Hig (both the son of Hugh and a diminutive of Hugh)

Hicke, a diminutive of Richard

each then stemmed with the patronymic termination 'ings' meaning 'belonging to', or 'the son of'.

In Ireland, the name is the Anglicised form of the Gaelic name Ó hUiginn, 'descendant of Uiginn'. Although there is another variation which is also an Irish surname McHiggins. Uiginn being the Gaelic version of the Old Norse víkingr or Viking.

Diminutive
A diminutive is a word obtained by modifying a root word to convey a slighter degree of its root meaning, either to convey the smallness of the object or quality named, or to convey a sense of intimacy or endearment, and sometimes to belittle something or someone. A diminutive form (abbreviated DIM) is a word-formation device used to express such meanings. A double diminutive is a diminutive form with two diminutive suffixes rather than one.
Chris Green (American football)
Christopher Allen Green (born February 26, 1968) is an American former professional football defensive back in the National Football League (NFL) for the Miami Dolphins and the Buffalo Bills. He was selected by the Dolphins in the seventh round of the 1991 NFL draft with the 191st overall pick. He played college football at the University of Illinois.

1991 NFL draft
The 1991 NFL draft was the procedure by which National Football League teams selected amateur college football players. It is officially known as the NFL Annual Player Selection Meeting. The draft was held April 21–22, 1991, at the Marriott Marquis in New York City, New York. No teams elected to claim any players in the supplemental draft that year.

The first six selections of the draft were defensive players, the most in draft history. It began with the Dallas Cowboys using the first overall pick to select Russell Maryland. No previous draft had begun with more than three consecutive defensive picks.

The day of the draft, wide receiver and projected number one pick Raghib Ismail signed with the Toronto Argonauts of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He was nevertheless selected by the Los Angeles Raiders in the fourth round (100th overall), and began playing with the Raiders in 1993 after two CFL seasons.
Mykola Zaichenkov
Mykola Zaichenkov (Ukrainian: Микола Зайченков) is a Ukrainian sprint canoer who competed in the late 1990s and early 2000s. He won three medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with a gold (K-4 200 m: 2003) and two bronzes (K-2 200 m and K-4 200 m: both 2001).

ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships
The ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships are an international event in canoe racing, one of two top-tier Summer Olympic sport events organized by the International Canoe Federation (the other being the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships). They are usually held every non-Olympic year and have officially included paracanoe events since 2010; paracanoe-specific editions of this event (named ICF Paracanoe World Championships) are usually held in Summer Paralympic years.

Prior to November 2008, canoe sprint was known as flatwater racing.
Quintabarbates
Quintabarbates is a monospecific genus of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cobitidae, the true or spiny loaches. The only species in the genus is Quintabarbates bicolor which was first formally described in 2022 by the American ichthyologist Tyson R. Roberts. This taxon is only known from a tributary of the Chindwin River in the Irrawaddy River in Myanmar. The genus name, Quintabarbates, means "five beards", and is a reference to the five pairs of barbels. The specific name, bicolor, means "two colours", an allusion to the thick horizontal stripes of iridescent vermillion green above and below a stripe of iridescent orange on the upper body.

Tyson R. Roberts
Tyson Royal Roberts was an American ichthyologist. He was described as "the world's foremost authority on Regalecus". He died on June 20, 2025 at the Nakhon Pathom Hospital in Bangkok.

Roberts attended Stanford University, where he earned his B.A. in 1961 and a Ph.D. in 1968. His doctoral thesis was titled "Studies on the osteology and phylogeny of characoid fishes." He won a 1999 Guggenheim Fellowship in the field of "Organismic Biology & Ecology", and was a research associate at the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute in Panama and also affiliated with the Institute of Molecular Biosciences of Mahidol University, Thailand.
Akshay Wadkar
Akshay Wadkar (born 9 July 1994) is an Indian cricketer. He made his first-class debut for Vidarbha in the 2017–18 Ranji Trophy on 17 November 2017. On 31 December 2017, in the final of the tournament, he scored his maiden first-class century, batting for Vidarbha against Delhi.

In July 2018, he was named in India Red's squad for the 2018–19 Duleep Trophy, replacing Abhishek Gupta. In August 2019, he was named in the India Green team's squad for the 2019–20 Duleep Trophy.

Delhi cricket team
The Delhi cricket team is a first-class cricket team based in Delhi, run by the Delhi & District Cricket Association. It plays in the Ranji Trophy, India's first-class competition, as well as in the limited-overs competition, the Vijay Hazare Trophy and Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy. They have won the Ranji Trophy seven times and have been runners-up eight. Their latest title in 2007-08 came after 16 years. The team's home ground is Arun Jaitley Stadium.
Abhyankar's lemma
In mathematics, Abhyankar's lemma (named after Shreeram Shankar Abhyankar) allows one to kill tame ramification by taking an extension of a base field.

More precisely, Abhyankar's lemma states that if A, B, C are local fields such that A and B are finite extensions of C, with ramification indices a and b, and B is tamely ramified over C and b divides a, then the compositum
AB is an unramified extension of A.

Degree of a field extension
In mathematics, more specifically field theory, the degree of a field extension is a rough measure of the "size" of the field extension. The concept plays an important role in many parts of mathematics, including algebra and number theory—indeed in any area where fields appear prominently.
Digital Security Act, 2018
The Digital Security Act, 2018, was a digital security law in Bangladesh. The Act was passed with the objective of preventing the spread of racism, sectarianism, extremism, terrorist propaganda, and incitement of hatred against religious or ethnic minorities through social, print, or electronic media. Any content over the Internet or any other media that was deemed pornographic or otherwise inappropriate by the government could be punished by fines or prison terms of various lengths.

The Diplomat expressed feared that the law could be used to suppress dissenters against the government, due to some of its provisions that are vague and ambiguous, open to interpretation or prone to abuse. This law has been used to sue and arrest journalists and activists. It has been described as a "Draconian" law.

The Digital Security Act was repealed in 2023 with the Cyber Security Act, 2023.

Draconian constitution
The Draconian constitution, or Draco's code, was a written law code enforced by Draco in Athens near the end of the 7th century BC; its composition started around 621 BC. It was written in response to the unjust interpretation and modification of oral law by Athenian aristocrats. As most societies in Ancient Greece codified basic law during the mid-seventh century BC, Athenian oral law was manipulated by the aristocracy until the emergence of Draco's code. Around 621 BC the people of Athens commissioned Draco to devise a written law code and constitution, giving him the title of the first legislator of Athens. The literate could read the code at a central location accessible to anyone. This enactment of a rule of law was an early manifestation of Athenian democracy.

Punishments for breaking the laws were severe, often death. The term "draconian", meaning excessively severe, thus derives from Draco's name and his law code. It is often applied to laws or other government measures.
Charles Young Jr.
Charles Lemuel Young Jr. (July 9, 1962 – December 19, 2024) was an American politician. He was a member of the Mississippi House of Representatives from the 82nd District, being first elected in 2011. His district represents Lauderdale County including the city of Meridian. He was a member of the Democratic party.

Mississippi House of Representatives
The Mississippi House of Representatives is the lower house of the Mississippi Legislature, the lawmaking body of the U.S. state of Mississippi, the upper house being the Mississippi Senate. According to the state constitution of 1890, it is to comprise no more than 122 members elected for four-year terms. To qualify as a member of the House, candidates must be at least 21 years old, a resident of Mississippi for at least four years, and a resident in the district for at least two years. Elections are held the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November.
Bitheridus
Bitheridus (German: Bitherid) was a chieftain (Latin: primas) of the Bucinobantes, an Alemannic tribe. In 372, along with his kinsman Hortarius, Bitheridus served as a troop leader in the Roman army under Valentinian I.

Roman army
The Roman Army (Latin: Exercitus Romanus) served ancient Rome and the Roman people enduring through the Roman Kingdom (753–509 BC), the Roman Republic (509–27 BC), and the Roman Empire (27 BC – AD 476/1453), including the Western Roman Empire (collapsed AD 476/480) and the Eastern Roman Empire (collapsed AD 1453). It is thus a term that broadly spans approximately 2,206 years, during which the force underwent numerous permutations in size, composition, organization, equipment and tactics, while conserving a core of lasting traditions.
Type 2630 training ship
“Brave the Wave” (Po Lang, 破浪) sail training ship is a Type 2630 tall ship, a Chinese auxiliary ship currently in service with the People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN). Type 2630 full-rigged ship is named after the total area of its sails, which is 2630 square meters, and this full-rigged ship is designed by Damen Group, then modified by the builder Guangzhou Shipyard International to meet PLAN requirement, such as converting the kitchen and larder/pantry for cooking Chinese food. It has a sister ship Royal Navy of Oman Shabab Oman II. The ship is 85 meter long, beam of 11 meter, displaces over 1200 tons, capable of 18 kts. Launched in 2017 and entered Chinese service in the same year, Type 2630 only requires 25 crew to operate, and can accommodate an additional 50 naval cadets onboard.

Tall ship
A tall ship is a large, traditionally-rigged sailing vessel. Popular modern tall ship rigs include topsail schooners, brigantines, brigs and barques. "Tall ship" can also be defined more specifically by an organization, such as for a race or festival.
Etlingera araneosa
Etlingera araneosa is a monocotyledonous plant species that was first described by John Gilbert Baker, and given its current name by Rosemary Margaret Smith. Etlingera araneosa is part of the genus Etlingera and the family Zingiberaceae. No subspecies are listed in the Catalog of Life.

Rosemary Margaret Smith
Rosemary Margaret Smith (1933–2004) was a Scottish botanist and illustrator who specialized in the taxonomy of the Zingiberaceae, or ginger family. Many of the species she classified and identified as being placed into improper genera were found in Asian countries, especially in the isolated island of Borneo.

Elettariopsis smithiae, a species of ginger native to Malaysia and Thailand, is named in honour of her. In 2001, a genus titled Smithatris was named after her, the two species in the genus being Smithatris supraneanae and Smithatris myanmarensis.
Al-Thabitiyah
Al-Thabitiyah (Arabic: الثابتية) is a village in the Homs Governorate in central Syria, just east of Homs. Nearby localities include Fairouzeh to the west, Sakrah to the north, al-Rayyan to the south and Tell Zubaydah to the southwest. According to the Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), al-Thabitiyah had a population of 1,946 in 2004. Its inhabitants are predominantly Shia Muslims.

Homs Governorate
Homs Governorate (Arabic: مُحافظة حمص Muḥāfaẓat Ḥimṣ) is one of the fourteen governorates (provinces) of Syria. It is situated in central Syria. It has 42,226 km2 (16,304 sq mi).It is geographically the largest governorate in Syria. Homs Governorate has a population of 1,763,000 as of 2010. The Homs governorate is divided into six administrative districts (mantiqah), with the city of Homs as a separate district. Homs is the capital city of the district of Homs. Its governor is Namir Habib Makhlouf.
WSBZ
WSBZ (106.3 FM) is a commercial radio station broadcasting a smooth jazz format. Licensed to Miramar Beach, Florida, United States, the station serves the Ft Walton Beach metropolitan area.  The station is owned by Carter Broadcasting, Inc.

The studios and offices are on Bay Drive in Santa Rosa Beach, Florida and the transmitter is near Mack Bayou Road.

Miramar Beach, Florida
Miramar Beach is a census-designated place (CDP) in Walton County, Florida, United States. The population was 8,002 at the 2020 census, up from 6,146 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Crestview—Fort Walton Beach–Destin, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area. Although many other coastal localities in Florida have appended "Beach" to their names to distinguish themselves from an adjacent inland or cross-bay municipality – such as Miami Beach, St. Pete Beach, Fort Myers Beach, Panama City Beach, Melbourne Beach, Cocoa Beach, and Jacksonville Beach  – the city of Miramar, Florida is actually over 450 miles (720 km) away in South Florida. Miramar Beach is due east of Destin, Florida. It is often considered to be part of the city of Destin. However, it has its own ZIP code (32550) and is in Walton County, whereas Destin is in Okaloosa County.
Nonabine
Nonabine (BRL-4664) is an experimental drug which is a synthetic THC analog.  It was studied in the 1980s for the prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy but was never marketed. It has strong antiemetic effects equivalent to those of chlorpromazine, and also produces some mild sedative effects, along with dry mouth and EEG changes typical of cannabinoid agonists, but with minimal changes in mood or perception, suggesting the abuse potential is likely to be low.

Sedative
A sedative or tranquilizer is a substance that induces sedation by reducing irritability or excitement. They are central nervous system (CNS) depressants and interact with brain activity, causing its deceleration. Various kinds of sedatives can be distinguished, but the majority of them affect the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Most sedatives produce relaxing effects by increasing GABA activity.

This group is related to hypnotics. The term sedative describes drugs that serve to calm or relieve anxiety, whereas the term hypnotic describes drugs whose main purpose is to initiate, sustain, or lengthen sleep. Because these two functions frequently overlap, and because drugs in this class generally produce dose-dependent effects (ranging from anxiolysis to loss of consciousness), they are often referred to collectively as sedative–hypnotic drugs.
Willie Bosket
William James Bosket Jr. (born December 9, 1962) is an American convicted murderer, whose numerous crimes committed while he was still a minor led to a change in New York state law, so that juveniles as young as 13 could be tried as an adult for murder and would face the same penalties.  He has been in either prison or reformatories for all but 18 months since 1971, and has spent all but 100 days of his adult life in custody. He is currently serving a sentence of 82 years to life at Wende Correctional Facility.

Trial as an adult
Trial as an adult is a situation in which a juvenile offender is tried as if they were an adult, whereby they may receive a longer or more serious sentence than would otherwise be possible if they were charged as a juvenile.

While there are specific protections that exist for juvenile offenders, (such as suppression of an offender’s name, picture, a closed courtroom, or a record sealing in which case the proceedings are not made public), these protections may be waived.
1945 U.S. National Championships (tennis)
The 1945 U.S. National Championships (now known as the US Open) was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the West Side Tennis Club, Forest Hills in New York City, New York. The tournament ran from August 28 until September 3. It was the 65th staging of the U.S. National Championships, and due to World War II it was the only Grand Slam tennis event of the year.

Doris Hart
Doris Hart (June 20, 1925 – May 29, 2015) was an American tennis player who was active in the 1940s and first half of the 1950s. She was ranked world No. 1 in 1951. She was the fourth player, and second woman, to win a Career Grand Slam in singles. She was the first of only three players (all women) to complete the career "Boxed Set" of Grand Slam titles, which is winning at least one title in singles, doubles, and mixed doubles at all four Grand Slam events. Only she and Margaret Court achieved this during the amateur era of the sport.

Hart played collegiate tennis for the Miami Hurricanes at the University of Miami in Coral Gables, Florida.
Cache control instruction
In computing, a cache control instruction is a hint embedded in the instruction stream of a processor intended to improve the performance of hardware caches, using foreknowledge of the memory access pattern supplied by the programmer or compiler. They may reduce cache pollution, reduce bandwidth requirement, and bypass latencies, by providing better control over the working set. Most cache control instructions do not affect the semantics of a program, although some can.

Shader
In computer graphics, a shader is a programmable operation which is applied to data as it moves through the rendering pipeline. Shaders can act on data such as vertices and primitives—to generate or morph geometry—and fragments –to calculate the values in a rendered image.

Shaders can execute a wide variety of operations and can run on different types of hardware. In modern real-time computer graphics, shaders are run on graphics processing units (GPUs) –dedicated hardware which provides highly parallel execution of programs. As rendering an image is embarrassingly parallel, fragment and pixel shaders scale well on SIMD hardware. Historically, the drive for faster rendering has produced highly-parallel processors which can in turn be used for other SIMD amenable algorithms. Such shaders executing in a compute pipeline are commonly called compute shaders.
Nashville Subdivision
The Nashville Subdivision is a railroad line owned by CSX Transportation in the U.S. state of Tennessee. The line runs from Brentwood, Tennessee, to Columbia, Tennessee, for a total of 30.8 miles. At its north end the line continues south from the Nashville Terminal Subdivision and at its south end it continues south as the Tennessee Southern Railroad.

Tennessee Southern Railroad
The Tennessee Southern Railroad (reporting mark TSRR) began operations in 1988 and currently operates in middle Tennessee and northwestern Alabama.  The main line consists of 118 miles (190 km) and the total track has 149 miles (240 km).  TSRR is owned by Patriot Rail Corporation.  Commodities the TSRR handles include scrap iron, coal, coke, woodpulp, pulpboard, sand, chemicals, steel, aluminum, and fertilizer raw materials. 
In 2007, in response to increasing traffic, the TSRR purchased eight diesel locomotives with greater power and fuel efficiency than its existing fleet of ten.
Intention Nunataks
The Intention Nunataks (72°56′S 163°46′E﻿ / ﻿72.933°S 163.767°E﻿ / -72.933; 163.767) are a group of peaked nunataks between Solo Nunatak and the Forgotten Hills, at the southwestern margin of Evans Névé, Antarctica. They were named by the northern party of the New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition, 1962–63, as the surveyor's intention to place a survey station here was thwarted by weather and other factors. The topographical feature lies situated on the Pennell Coast, a portion of Antarctica lying between Cape Williams and Cape Adare.

New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition
The New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition (NZGSAE) describes a series of scientific explorations of the continent Antarctica. The expeditions were notably active throughout the 1950s and 1960s.
Ekpene Ukpa
Ekpene Ukpa is a village in Eket local government area of Akwa Ibom State.

The people of Ekpene Ukpa similar to the people of Ikot Ebiyan primarily engage in farming and cultivating of Palm Tree, Yams, Cassava and Palm Wine. They speak Ekid.

Palm wine
Palm wine, known by several local names, is an alcoholic beverage created from the sap of various species of palm trees such as the palmyra, date palms, and coconut palms. It is known by various names in different regions and is common in various parts of Africa, the Caribbean, South America, South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Micronesia. 
Palm wine production by smallholders and individual farmers may promote conservation as palm trees become a source of regular household income that may economically be worth more than the value of timber sold.
Mandai Road
Mandai Road (Chinese: 万礼路) is a major road located in Mandai, in the northern area of Singapore. The road starts from Woodlands Road and ends at the junction of Sembawang Road and Upper Thomson Road. The road was built in 1855 in a jungle and appeared in the Franklin and Jackson Plan of Singapore (1828) as a river indicated as "R. Mandi". It has been said the name of the road comes from a tree known as the "Mandai tree".

As the road is the main access to the Singapore Zoo and the Night Safari, it is common to refer to the zoos collectively as the "Mandai Zoo". The Mandai Crematorium and Columbarium is also located in the area, and is the resting places for those honourable leaders, such as Lee Kuan Yew, the former and first Prime Minister of Singapore.

Mandai Road is one of the heritage road in Singapore.

North Region, Singapore
The North Region is one of the five regions in the city-state of Singapore. The region is the second largest region in terms of land area, and has a population of 582,330. Woodlands is the regional centre and also the most populous town with 255,130 residents living in the area. Comprising 13,500 hectares of land area, it includes eight planning areas.

The relative isolation of the area from the Downtown Core meant relatively belated urban development and the greater abundance of natural greenery. Still, the region includes one of Singapore's largest new towns, Woodlands. Largely grouped into three new towns, it houses 129,000 residential housing units of various types, although public housing tends to dominate. Excluding naturally occurring green spaces, the region has 3 square kilometres of recreational spaces.
Barran baronets
The Barran Baronetcy, of Chapel Allerton Hall in Chapel Allerton in the West Riding of the County of York and Queen's Gate, St Mary's Abbot, in Kensington in the County of London, is a title in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 11 February 1895 for the merchant and Liberal politician John Barran. He represented Leeds and Otley in the House of Commons. He was succeeded by his grandson, the second Baronet. He sat as Liberal Member of Parliament for Hawick and served as Parliamentary Private Secretary to Prime Minister H. H. Asquith.

Two other members of the Barran family have also gained distinction. Sir Rowland Barran (1858–1949), sixth and youngest son of the first Baronet, represented Leeds North in Parliament. Sir David Barran (1912–2002), third son of the second Baronet, was managing director and chairman of Shell.

David Barran
Sir David Haven Barran (23 May 1912 – 1 June 2002) was an English oilman who was a senior executive with Shell. Barran served from 1967 to 1972 as the chairman of Shell Transport and Trading and from 1970 to 1972 as the chairman of the Royal Dutch/Shell Group.