hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
EV/EBITDA
Enterprise value/EBITDA (more commonly referred to by the acronym EV/EBITDA) is a popular valuation multiple used to determine the fair market value of a company. By contrast to the more widely available P/E ratio (price-earnings ratio) it includes debt as part of the value of the company in the numerator and excludes costs such as the need to replace depreciating plant, interest on debt, and taxes owed from the earnings or denominator. It is the most widely used valuation multiple based on  enterprise value and is often used as an alternative to the P/E ratio when valuing companies believed to be in a high-growth phase, and thus credits enterprises with higher startup costs, high debt relative to equity, and lower realised earnings.

Fair market value
The fair market value of property is the price at which it would change hands between a willing and informed buyer and seller. The term is used throughout the United States Internal Revenue Code, as well as in bankruptcy laws, in many state laws, and by several regulatory bodies.

In litigation in many jurisdictions in the United States the fair market value is determined at a hearing. In certain jurisdictions, the courts are required to hold fair market hearings, even if the borrowers or the loans guarantors waived their rights to such a hearing in the loan documents.

FMV is often used for taxation purposes, determining the value of charitable donations, estate planning, and other financial transactions. The specific methods used to determine FMV may vary depending on the type of property or asset involved.

Fair market value is subjective and can fluctuate based on market conditions, supply and demand, location, and other factors.
William Harrison Cook
William Harrison Cook, OC OBE FRSC (September 2, 1903 – May 19, 1998) was an English Canadian food technologist and biochemist. He was executive director of the National Research Council.

Born in Alnwick, England, Cook immigrated to Canada in 1912. After graduating from the School of Agriculture in Claresholm, Alberta, the University of Alberta and Stanford University with a Ph.D. in chemistry, he starting working for National Research Council's applied biology division focusing on the transport of perishable foods and refrigerated storage. In 1941, he became director of the division and was in charge of research on the preservation and transportation of bacon, poultry and eggs during World War II.

Claresholm
Claresholm is a town located within southern Alberta, Canada. It is located on Highway 2, approximately 91 km (57 mi) northwest of the City of Lethbridge and 125 km (78 mi) south of the City of Calgary.
1989 Copa de la Reina de Fútbol
The 1989 Copa de S.M. La Reina de Fútbol was the sixth edition of the Spanish women's football competition previously known as Campeonato Nacional de Fútbol Femenino and the first one under this name. Due to the launching of a national league (Liga Nacional) in this season the competition lost its status as a national championship to become the country's national cup.

Ten teams took part in the competition, which took place from 14 May to 25 June 1989. Liga Nacional runner-up Parque Alcobendas won the competition by beating Añorga KKE 4–2 in the final, which was held in Logroño's Las Gaunas just before the 1988–89 Copa del Rey Juvenil's final. Defending champion Oiartzun KE was defeated by local rival Añorga in the semifinals.

1988–89 Liga Nacional de Fútbol Femenino
The 1988–89 Liga Nacional de Fútbol Femenino was the inaugural edition of Spain's women's football premier league. The competition was contested by nine clubs, and took place from 4 December 1988 to 30 April 1989. Peña Barcelonista Barcilona became the first league champion with a one-point margin over runner-up Parque Alcobendas.
Alfredo Rocco
Alfredo Rocco (9 September 1875 – 28 August 1935) was an Italian politician and jurist. He was Professor of Commercial Law at the University of Urbino (1899–1902) and in Macerata (1902–1905), then Professor of Civil Procedure in Parma, of Business Law in Padua, and later of Economic Legislation at La Sapienza University of Rome, of which he was rector from 1932 to 1935.

Rocco, as an economics-minded politician, developed the early concept of the economic and political theory of corporatism, which later became part of the ideology of the National Fascist Party.

Macerata
Macerata (Italian pronunciation: [matʃeˈraːta] ⓘ) is a city and comune in central Italy, the county seat of the province of Macerata in the Marche region. It has a population of about 41,564.

It is home to the University of Macerata (founded in 1290), making it one of Europe's oldest universities, specializing in humanities and social sciences, and located in a historic center with medieval walls.

One of the city's best-known landmarks is the Sferisterio, a large neoclassical open-air arena built in the 19th century, which later became a major venue for summer performances, including opera.
HMS Dainty (H53)
HMS Dainty was a D-class destroyer built for the Royal Navy in the early 1930s. The ship was initially assigned to the Mediterranean Fleet before she was transferred to the China Station in early 1935. She was temporarily deployed in the Red Sea during late 1935 during the Abyssinia Crisis, before returning to her assigned station where she remained until mid-1939. Dainty was transferred back to the Mediterranean Fleet just before World War II began in September 1939. She briefly was assigned to West Africa for convoy escort duties in 1940 before returning to the Mediterranean. The ship participated in the Battle of Calabria in July 1940 and was assigned to convoy escort and patrol duties until she was sunk by German bombers off Tobruk on 24 February 1941.

Abyssinia Crisis
The Abyssinia Crisis, also known in Italy as the Walwal incident, was an international crisis in 1935 that originated in a dispute over the town of Walwal, which then turned into a conflict between the Kingdom of Italy and the Ethiopian Empire (then commonly known as "Abyssinia"). The League of Nations ruled against Italy and voted for economic sanctions, but they were never fully applied. Italy ignored the sanctions, quit the League and ultimately annexed and occupied Abyssinia after it had won the Second Italo-Ethiopian War. The crisis is generally regarded as having discredited the League.
Barbin (surname)
Barbin is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bryan Barbin (born 1957), American politician

Enrico Barbin (born 1990), Italian racing cyclist

François Barbin (1691–1765), French porcelain maker

Herculine Barbin (1838–1868), French intersex person who was known for her memoir

Pedro Barbin (1895–1984), Filipino politician

Mennecy-Villeroy porcelain
Mennecy-Villeroy porcelain (or Mennecy porcelain) is a French soft-paste porcelain from the manufactory established under the patronage of Louis-François-Anne de Neufville, duc de Villeroy (1695–1766) and—from 1748—housed in outbuildings ("les petites maisons") in the park of his château de Villeroy, and in the nearby village of Mennecy (Île-de-France). The history of the factory remains somewhat unclear, but it is typically regarded as producing between about 1738 and 1765.
International Rose Test Garden
The International Rose Test Garden is a rose garden in Washington Park in Portland, Oregon, United States. There are over 10,000 rose bushes of approximately 650 varieties. The roses bloom from April through October with the peak coming in June, depending on the weather. New rose cultivars are continually sent to the garden from many parts of the world and are evaluated on several characteristics, including disease resistance, bloom formation, color, and fragrance. It is the oldest continuously operating public rose test garden in the United States and exemplifies Portland's nickname, "City of Roses". The garden draws an estimated 700,000 visitors annually.

Portland Rose Festival
The Portland Rose Festival is an annual civic festival held during the month of June in Portland, Oregon.  It is organized by the volunteer non-profit Portland Rose Festival Foundation (named the Portland Rose Festival Association until the 2000s) with the purpose of promoting the Portland region.  It includes three separate parades, along with a number of other activities.
Blencathra
Blencathra, also known as Saddleback, is one of the most northerly of the Cumbrian Mountains, in the English Lake District. It has six separate fell tops, of which the highest is the Hallsfell Top at 2,848 feet (868 metres).

Cumbric
Cumbric is an extinct Celtic Brythonic language or dialect that was spoken during the Early Middle Ages in the Hen Ogledd or "Old North", in what is now Northern England and the southern Scottish Lowlands.  Place-name evidence suggests Cumbric may also have been spoken as far south as Pendle and the Yorkshire Dales. The prevailing view is that it became extinct in the 12th century, around the incorporation of the Kingdom of Strathclyde into the Kingdom of Scotland.

Linguists are undecided as to whether to classify Cumbric as a dialect of Old Welsh or as a separate language. Koch calls it a dialect but goes on to say that some of the place names in the Cumbric region "clearly reflect a developed medieval language, much like Welsh, Cornish or Breton".
Calolziocorte railway station
Calolziocorte railway station, formerly called Calolziocorte-Olginate, is a railway station in Italy. Located on the Lecco–Milan railway, where the line to Bergamo diverges, it serves the municipalities of Calolziocorte and Olginate.

Lecco–Bergamo railway
The Lecco–Bergamo railway is a railway line in Lombardy, Italy. The railway infrastructure is managed by the Rete Ferroviaria Italiana, which classifies it as one of its complementary lines. The passenger service is operated by Trenord as a regional service.
Matti Bye
Matti Bye (born 25 July 1966) is a Swedish pianist and composer. He has composed music for over 30 films and TV series as well as additional scores for theatre and dance pieces. In 2014, he was nominated twice at Sweden's Guldbagge Awards in which his soundtrack for the film Faro won the award. He also won a Gudbagge in 2009 for his score for the film Everlasting Moments. He has recorded and released numerous solo and collaboration records, include Hydra's Dream, with Anna von Hausswolff; Maailma, with cult Finnish songwriter Lau Nau; and has collaborated live with producer and musician Samuli Kosminen.

Young Royals
Young Royals is a Swedish teen drama romance television series created by Lisa Ambjörn, Lars Beckung, and Camilla Holter for the streaming service Netflix. Set at the fictional elite boarding school Hillerska, the plot primarily follows the fictional Prince Wilhelm of Sweden (Edvin Ryding), his romance with fellow student Simon Eriksson (Omar Rudberg), and the resulting drama.

The series premiered with its first season on 1 July 2021. In September 2021, the series was renewed for a second season, which was released on 1 November 2022. In December 2022, the series was renewed for a third and final season. The first five episodes of the third season were released on 11 March 2024, and the series finale aired on 18 March.
Si Jifa
Si Jifa (? – September 2, 1454; Chinese: 思機發; Tai Nüa: ᥔᥫᥴ ᥐᥤ ᥜᥣᥳ), was the ruler of Möng Mao from 1442 to 1444. The Ming dynasty's continued campaigns against Möng Mao forced him to flee to Möng Yang, where he ruled from 1444 to 1450. Following the final Luchuan-Pingmian Campaign, which ended in defeat, Si Jifa was captured and executed in Beijing.

History of Ming
The History of Ming is the final official Chinese history included in the Twenty-Four Histories. It consists of 332 volumes and covers the history of the Ming dynasty from 1368 to 1644. It was written by a number of officials commissioned by the court of Qing dynasty, with Zhang Tingyu as the lead editor. The compilation started in the era of the Shunzhi Emperor and was completed in 1739 in the era of the Qianlong Emperor, though most of the volumes were written in the era of the Kangxi Emperor.

The sinologist Endymion Wilkinson writes that the Mingshi, the second longest of the Twenty-Four Histories, after the History of Song, is "generally reckoned to be one of the best of the Histories and one of the easiest to read."
Adashevo
Adashevo (Russian: Адашево) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Adashevo, Republic of Mordovia, a selo in Adashevsky Selsoviet of Kadoshkinsky District in the Republic of Mordovia; 53°57′N 44°19′E﻿ / ﻿53.950°N 44.317°E﻿ / 53.950; 44.317

Adashevo, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, a selo in Chernovskoy Selsoviet of Bolsheboldinsky District in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast; 55°7′N 45°26′E﻿ / ﻿55.117°N 45.433°E﻿ / 55.117; 45.433

Adashevo, Tula Oblast, a village in Studenetsky Rural Okrug of Venyovsky District in Tula Oblast

Tula Oblast
Tula Oblast (Russian: Ту́льская о́бласть, romanized: Tulʹskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject (an oblast) of Russia. It is geographically located in European Russia and is administratively part of the Central Federal District, covering an area of 25,700 square kilometers (9,900 sq mi). It has a population of 1,553,925 (2010 census). Tula is the largest city and the administrative center of the oblast.

Tula Oblast borders Moscow Oblast in the north, Ryazan in the east, Lipetsk in the southeast, Oryol in the southwest, and Kaluga in the west. Tula Oblast is one of the most developed and urbanized territories in Russia, and the majority of the territory forms the Tula-Novomoskovsk Agglomeration, an urban area with a population of over 1 million.
Saxon Spot
The Saxon Spot (German: Sächsische Schnippe) is a breed of fancy pigeon. Saxon Spots, along with other varieties of domesticated pigeons, are all descendants of the rock dove (Columba livia). It is one of the oldest of the Toy breeds, already known in Southern Germany in 1735

Domestic pigeon
The domestic pigeon (Columba livia "domestica" or Columba livia forma domestica) is a domesticated bird derived from the rock dove Columba livia. Although often termed a "subspecies", the domesticated pigeon does not constitute an accepted zoological subspecies of the rock dove, but a collection of over 350 breeds. The rock dove is among the world's first birds to be domesticated; Mesopotamian cuneiform tablets mention the domestication of pigeons more than 5,000 years ago, as do Egyptian hieroglyphs.

Pigeons have held historical importance to humans as food, pets, symbolic animals, and messengers. Due to their homing ability, pigeons have been used to deliver messages, including war pigeons during the two world wars. City pigeons, which are feral birds, are generally seen as pests, mainly due to their droppings and a reputation for spreading disease.
NGC 1035
NGC 1035 is a spiral galaxy located in the Constellation of Cetus. It is situated close to the celestial equator making it at least partially visible on both sides of the hemisphere during certain times of the year.

The neighboring galaxy NGC 1052-DF4 shows signs of being tidally disrupted and is missing most of its dark matter. The cause for this missing dark matter is from this galaxy stripping the dark matter from NGC 1052-DF4 and is now stripping apart the galaxy itself. Only the central regions of NGC 1052-DF4 remains unaffected.

Hemispheres of Earth
In geography and cartography, hemispheres of Earth are any division of the globe into two equal halves (hemispheres), typically divided into northern and southern halves by the Equator and into western and eastern halves by the Prime meridian. Hemispheres can be divided geographically or culturally, or based on religion or prominent geographic features. Use of these divisions is applied when studying Earth's geographic distribution, cultural differences, and other geographic, demographic and socioeconomic features.
Christoff Bryan
Christoff Bryan (born 26 April 1996) is a Jamaican high jumper. He established himself globally in age category competitions with a bronze medal at the 2013 World Youth Championships in Athletics and a fourth-place finish at the 2014 World Junior Championships in Athletics.

Bryan attended Wolmer's Boys' School. He then was an All-American for the Kansas State Wildcats track and field team and finished his NCAA eligibility for the Florida State Seminoles track and field team. He became a member of the MVP Track Club in 2022.

He won a gold medal at the 2012 Central American and Caribbean Junior Championships in Athletics in San Salvador. He broke the Jamaica Issa Boys&Girls Championships High Jump record on March 16, 2013, earning him a gold medal for himself and Wolmer's Boys High School.

Kansas State Wildcats track and field
The Kansas State Wildcats track and field team is the track and field program that represents Kansas State University. The Wildcats compete in NCAA Division I as a member of the Big 12 Conference. The team is based in Manhattan, Kansas, at the R.V. Christian Track.

The program is coached by Travis Geopfert. The track and field program officially encompasses four teams because the NCAA considers men's and women's indoor track and field and outdoor track and field as separate sports.

Long and triple jumper Kenny Harrison and high jumper Scott Sellers are the only two Kansas State athletes to have won three individual NCAA track and field titles. Kansas State also competes in the KU-KSU-WSU Triangular since 2015.
Aaron Bancroft (rugby union)
Aaron Bancroft (born 1 January 1985) is a former New Zealand rugby union player. He generally played as a centre but could also cover the wing position.

Bancroft last played for US Carcassonne in the Pro D2 after earlier being with Grenoble.

He formerly notably played for Northland in the National Provincial Championship and also the Crusaders and Highlanders in the Super 14.

US Carcassonne
Union Sportive Carcassonnaise are a French rugby union club based in Carcassonne. US Carcassonne currently compete in the Pro D2, the second tier of French rugby. The club was established in 1899. They play in black and yellow colours and at the Stade Albert Domec. Carcassonne have contested one French championship final in their history; losing to USA Perpignan in 1925.
Ribadeo FC
Ribadeo Fútbol Club is a Spanish football team based in Ribadeo, Province of Lugo, in the autonomous community of Galicia. Founded in 1940 it currently plays in Primera Futgal – Group 3, holding home games at Estadio Municipal Pepe Barrera, which has a capacity of 2,500 spectators.

The club organises the Trofeo Emma Cuervo, a friendly tournament consisting of football clubs across Galicia.

Province of Lugo
The province of Lugo (Spanish: Provincia de Lugo, Galician: Provincia de Lugo) is a province of northwestern Spain, in the northeastern part of the autonomous community of Galicia. It is bordered by the provinces of Ourense, Pontevedra, A Coruña, and León, the principality of Asturias, and in the north by the Cantabrian Sea (Bay of Biscay).

The population is 325,048, of which over a quarter live in the capital Lugo. The capital city was an ancient Celtic settlement named in honour of the god Lugh (see Lyon), later Latinised as Lucus Augusti, and which became one of the three main important Galician-Roman centres alongside Braccara Augusta and Asturica Augusta (modern Braga and Astorga respectively). The province has 67 municipalities.
Li Yumei
Li Yumei (Chinese: 李玉妹; pinyin: Lǐ Yùméi; born October 1956) is a Chinese politician who served as chairwoman of the Standing Committee of the Guangdong Provincial People's Congress from 2017 to 2022.

Li was an alternate of the 17th and 18th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. Li is a representative of the 19th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party. Li was a delegate to the 12th National People's Congress and is a delegate to the 13th National People's Congress.

Guangdong Provincial People's Congress
The Guangdong Provincial People's Congress is the people's congress of Guangdong, a province of China. The Congress is elected for a term of five years. The Guangdong Provincial People's Congress meetings are held at least once a year. After a proposal by more than one-fifth of the deputies, a meeting of the people's congress at the corresponding level may be convened temporarily.
Juan Francisco
Juan Ramón Francisco González (born June 24, 1987) is a Dominican former professional baseball first baseman. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Cincinnati Reds, Atlanta Braves, Milwaukee Brewers, and Toronto Blue Jays. He also played in Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) for the Yomiuri Giants.

Great American Ball Park
Great American Ball Park is a baseball stadium in Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. It is the ballpark of Major League Baseball's Cincinnati Reds, and opened on March 31, 2003, replacing Cinergy Field (formerly Riverfront Stadium), the Reds' former ballpark  from 1970 to 2002. Great American Insurance bought the naming rights to the new stadium at US$75 million for 30 years.
2022 California Attorney General election
The 2022 California Attorney General election was held on November 8, 2022, to elect the Attorney General of California. Incumbent Democratic Attorney General Rob Bonta was appointed to the office on April 23, 2021, following the resignation of Xavier Becerra to become the U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services. Bonta won a full term.

California's 28th congressional district
California's 28th congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of California, in Los Angeles County. The district is regarded as a Democratic stronghold and has been held by the Democratic Party since 2003 and is currently represented by Democrat Judy Chu.

Following redistricting ahead of the 2022 election cycle, the 18th district was relocated to the San Gabriel Valley.

Formerly, from 2003 to 2013, the district included about half of the San Fernando Valley, including North Hollywood, in the Greater Los Angeles Area. Due to redistricting after the 2010 United States census, the district shifted east within Los Angeles County and includes portions of Burbank and Glendale.
John F. Germany Public Library
John F. Germany Public Library is the flagship library of the Tampa-Hillsborough County Public Library System (THPL). It is part of the Hillsborough County Public Library Cooperative and the Tampa Bay Library Consortium.

Located in Downtown Tampa, Florida, the 140,000 sq. ft. library acts as the central reference and resource center for THPL and its local library branch. John F. Germany Library is the largest in the THPL System and features a creative space known as the HIVE, which houses several special exhibits on history, genealogy, and more than 20,000 photographs. The library also features a children's play area and a station with more than 470 models, tools, and learning aids available for checkout.

Tampa Bay Library Consortium
Tampa Bay Library Consortium (TBLC), with headquarters in Tampa, Florida, is a nonprofit library cooperative that assists hundreds of libraries in the Central and West Florida regions. TBLC serves public libraries, academic libraries, school libraries and special libraries. The TBLC membership serves 6.3 million people in the State of Florida.
Washtucna (chief)
Washtucna was a Native American chief of the Palus tribe.

The town of Washtucna, Washington, and the United States Navy tug USS Washtucna (YTB-826) (later YT-801), in service 1973–1997 and since 2008, are named for him.

Washtucna, Washington
Washtucna (/wɑːʃˈtʌknə/) is a town in Adams County, Washington, United States. The population was 211 at the 2020 census, a 1% increase over the previous census. The town was named for a lake 12 miles from the town in Franklin County which was in turn named after a Palouse Native American chief.