hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
November 2011 Nigeria attacks
On 4 November 2011, a series of coordinated shootings and suicide bombings on northern Nigerian cities killed more than 100 people and injured hundreds more. A spokesperson for the Sunni Muslim terrorist group Boko Haram later claimed responsibility and promised "more attacks are on the way."

Shooting
Shooting is the act or process of discharging a projectile from a ranged weapon (such as a gun, bow, crossbow, slingshot, or blowpipe). Even the acts of launching flame, artillery, darts, harpoons, grenades, rockets, and guided missiles can be considered acts of shooting.  When using a firearm, the act of shooting is often called firing as it involves initiating a combustion (deflagration) of chemical propellants.

Shooting can take place in a shooting range or in the field, in shooting sports, hunting, or in combat.  The person involved in the shooting activity is called a shooter.  A skilled, accurate shooter is a marksman or sharpshooter, and a person's level of shooting proficiency is referred to as their marksmanship.
1912 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles
Arthur Gore defeated André Gobert 9–7, 2–6, 7–5, 6–1 in the All Comers' Final, but the reigning champion Anthony Wilding defeated Gore 6–4, 6–4, 4–6, 6–4 in the challenge round to win the gentlemen's singles tennis title at the 1912 Wimbledon Championships.

Arthur Gore (tennis)
Arthur William Charles Wentworth Gore (2 January 1868 – 1 December 1928) was a British tennis player.

He is best known for winning three singles titles at the Wimbledon Championship and was runner-up a record 5 times (shared with Herbert Lawford). He also won gold medals at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London, England, winning the Men's Indoor Singles and the Men's Indoor Doubles (with Herbert Barrett). He also competed at the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm, Sweden. Gore's Wimbledon win in 1909, at age 41, makes him the oldest person to date to win a Grand Slam singles title.
Incense offering
The incense offering (Hebrew: קְטֹרֶת‎ qəṭōreṯ) in Judaism was related to perfumed offerings on the altar of incense in the time of the Tabernacle and the First and Second Temple period, and was an important component of priestly liturgy in the Temple in Jerusalem.

Galbanum
Galbanum is an aromatic gum resin and a product of certain umbelliferous Persian plant species in the genus Ferula, chiefly Ferula gummosa (synonym F. galbaniflua) and Ferula rubricaulis. Galbanum-yielding plants grow plentifully on the slopes of the mountain ranges of northern Iran. It occurs usually in hard or soft, irregular, more or less translucent and shining lumps, or occasionally in separate tears, of a light-brown, yellowish or greenish-yellow colour. Galbanum has a disagreeable, bitter taste, a peculiar, somewhat musky odour, and an intense green scent. With a specific gravity of 1.212, it contains about 8% terpenes; about 65% of a resin which contains sulfur; about 20% gum; and a very small quantity of the colorless crystalline substance umbelliferone. It also contains α-pinene, β-pinene, limonene, cadinene, 3-carene, and ocimene.
Rocard government
The Rocard government was the Government of France headed by Prime Minister Michel Rocard. It was originally formed on 10 May 1988 by the presidential decree of President François Mitterrand. It was composed of members from the Socialist Party. The second Rocard government was dissolved on 15 May 1991 when Édith Cresson was chosen by Mitterrand to form the next cabinet.

Louis Le Pensec
Louis Le Pensec (8 January 1937 – 10 January 2024) was a French politician. He was a member of the Socialist Party. Between 1973 and 1997, he was a member of the Parliament.

From 27 September 1998 to 30 September 2008 he was a Senator of Finistère. From 1988 and 1991, he was the spokesman of the French government. Between 1997 and 1998, he was minister of agriculture. He was also the minister for Overseas Territories.
Perth Hebrew Congregation
The Perth Hebrew Congregation (often shortened as PHC) is a Modern Orthodox synagogue located in the Perth suburb of Menora in Western Australia. Established as an organization in 1892, it is the oldest of three shuls and one temple serving the Jewish community in Perth. The synagogue offers facilities for daily services and educational programmes, and PHC also houses a library, a mikveh and a bookshop.
It is situated within a Jewish precinct that also includes JHub Maccabi Community Centre and Carmel School, a Jewish Day School.

Jewish day school
A Jewish day school is a modern Jewish educational institution that is designed to provide children with both a Jewish and a secular education in one school on a full-time basis. The term "day school" is used to differentiate schools attended during the day from part time weekend schools as well as secular or religious "boarding school" equivalents where the students live full-time as well as study. The substance of the "Jewish" component varies from school to school, community to community, and usually depends on the Jewish denominations of the schools' founders. While some schools may stress Judaism and Torah study others may focus more on Jewish history, Hebrew language, Yiddish language, Jewish culture, and Zionism. This is in addition to secular content that is the same as public school curricula.
Cape Porcupine, Newfoundland and Labrador
The Headland of Cape Porcupine is a remote point of land on the south east coast of Labrador in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. The cape juts out into the Atlantic Ocean in a generally easterly direction and forms a protective barrier from northerly gales for the beach of white sands, which might be a candidate for the stretch referred to as Wonderstrands by the Norse.

The origin of the name is not known but not likely for the rodent rather for the Porcupine caribou that can be found in the area. The beach in the area is believed to have been visited by explorer Leif Eirikson, who called it Markland or Land of Woods.

The closest settlement to Cape Porcupine is Cartwright, Labrador, which lies approximately 17 miles (27 km) to the south.

The area is not accessible by road; it is reached by air (helicopter) or by sea.

In 2008, dumped Dunnite in the area was mistaken for rusty rocks.

Cartwright, Newfoundland and Labrador
Cartwright is a community located on the eastern side of the entrance to Sandwich Bay, along the southern coast of Labrador in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. It was incorporated in 1956.

Sandwich Bay is an area with a longstanding Inuit presence known to resident Inuit as Natsiktok or place of the ring seals. Archeological evidence, especially that excavated by Dr. Lisa Rankin, indicates an early and year round Inuit presence.
Mimic glass lizard
The mimic glass lizard (Ophisaurus mimicus)  is a species of lizard in the family Anguidae. The species is endemic to the Southeastern United States. The mimic glass lizard is dark brown to black with a dark middorsal stripe down the body and on most of the tail. They have 3-4 dark stripes separated by pale stripes above the lateral grooves. They have a very distinct anatomy of the axis specifically when it comes to their second vertebra which could be attributed to an ecological adaptation, feeding, and/or defensive behavior that requires high head and neck mobility.

Anguidae
Anguidae refers to a large and diverse family of lizards native to the Northern Hemisphere. It contains 9 genera and 89 extant species. Common characteristics of this group include a reduced supratemporal arch, striations on the medial faces of tooth crowns, osteoderms, and a lateral fold in the skin of most taxa.  The group is divided into two living subfamilies, the legless Anguinae, which contains slow worms and glass lizards, among others, found across the Northern Hemisphere, and Gerrhonotinae, which contains the alligator lizards, native to North and Central America. The family Diploglossidae (which contains the galliwasps) was also formerly included.
1st Wisconsin Territorial Assembly
The First Legislative Assembly of the Wisconsin Territory convened from October 25, 1836, to December 9, 1836, and from November 6, 1837, to January 20, 1838, in regular session.  The Assembly also convened in special session from June 11, 1838, to June 25, 1838.

The first session was held at Belmont, Iowa County (in present-day Lafayette County, Wisconsin).  The 2nd session and special session were held at Burlington, Des Moines County (in present-day Des Moines County, Iowa).

The three sessions of the 1st Legislative Assembly were the only legislative sessions to take place before the division of the Iowa Territory from the Wisconsin Territory.

Burlington, Iowa
Burlington is a city in and the county seat of Des Moines County, Iowa, United States. The population was 23,982 in the 2020 census, a decline from the 26,839 population in 2000. Burlington is the center of a micropolitan area, which includes West Burlington and Middletown, Iowa, and Gulfport, Illinois. Burlington is the home of Snake Alley, the crookedest street on earth.
Slovenia national badminton team
The Slovenia national badminton team (Slovene: Slovenska reprezentanca v badmintonu) represents Slovenia in international badminton team competitions. The Badminton Association of Slovenia organizes any event or national event in the national team. Slovenia competed in the Sudirman Cup until 2007. The men's and women's team also participate in the European meet.

The Slovenian team also competes in the Mediterranean Games.

Sudirman Cup
The Sudirman Cup is an international badminton mixed team competition contested by member countries of the Badminton World Federation, the sport's global governing body. The championship has been awarded every two years since the inaugural tournament in 1989. It used to be held at the same venue for the World Championships in the same year until the International Badminton Federation, now the BWF, decided to split the two tournaments starting from 2003. There are five matches in every Sudirman Cup tie which consists of men and women's singles, men and women's doubles, and mixed doubles. The cup is named after Sudirman (1922–1986), a former Indonesian badminton player. The current champion is China, which won its 14th title at the 2025 tournament in China.

There is no prize money in Sudirman Cup; players play for their respective countries and to earn BWF World Ranking points and national prestige.
Benjamin Simmons (politician)
Benjamin Simmons was a state legislator in South Carolina. He represented Beaufort County, South Carolina in the South Carolina House of Representatives.

In 1868 he served as a page in the House of Representatives. He was elected in 1875.

In 1877 he gave sworn testimony that he did not know of any threats by Republicans to Democrats. He testified he voted at Rantowles Depot. He signed his statement with an X.

He was a farmer.

South Carolina House of Representatives
The South Carolina House of Representatives is the lower house of the South Carolina General Assembly. It consists of 124 representatives elected to two-year terms at the same time as U.S. congressional elections.

Unlike many legislatures, seating on the floor is not divided by party, but is arranged by county delegation – a legacy of the original apportionment of the chamber. Until 1964, each of South Carolina's counties was a legislative district, with the number of representatives determined by the county's population. It meets from the second week of January into May.
Cranfills Gap High School
Cranfills Gap High School, also known as Cranfills Gap School, is a public high school located in Cranfills Gap, Texas. It is the sole high school in the Cranfills Gap Independent School District and is classified as a 1A school by the University Interscholastic League. During 2022‍–‍2023, Slocum High School had an enrollment of 126 students and a student to teacher ratio of 7.88. The school received an overall rating of "A" from the Texas Education Agency for the 2024‍–‍2025 school year

University Interscholastic League
The University Interscholastic League (UIL) is an organization that creates rules for and administers almost all athletic, musical, and academic contests for public primary and secondary schools in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the largest organization of its type in the world.

Activities range from American football and cross-examination debate to mathematics and marching band competitions; however, the UIL does not administer Academic Decathlon competitions.

The UIL is under the governance of the Vice President for Diversity and Community Engagement at the University of Texas at Austin in Austin, Texas. Although the Texas Education Agency governs the activities of schools and school districts in Texas, the UIL does not report to TEA, but is instead a separate entity.
Wilcza Wólka, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship
Wilcza Wólka [ˈvilt͡ʂa ˈvulka] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Srokowo, within Kętrzyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland, close to the border with the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia.

Kętrzyn County
Kętrzyn County (Polish: powiat kętrzyński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, northern Poland, on the border with Russia. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Kętrzyn (former Rastembork), which lies 88 kilometres (55 mi) north-east of the regional capital Olsztyn. The county also contains the towns of Reszel, lying 16 km (10 mi) west of Kętrzyn, and Korsze, 19 km (12 mi) north-west of Kętrzyn.

The county covers an area of 1,212.97 square kilometres (468.3 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 66,165, out of which the population of Kętrzyn is 28,000, that of Reszel is 5,098, that of Korsze is 4,632, and the rural population is 28,435.
Aleksey Kazakov
Aleksey Valerevich Kazakov (Russian: Алексей Валерьевич Казаков; born 18 March 1976) is a Russian volleyball player.

He was born in Naberezhnye Chelny, Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.

Kazakov was a member of the national team that won the bronze medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens. Four years earlier in Sydney he gained the silver medal. He is 2.17 metres tall, making him one of the tallest athletes in the world.

Naberezhnye Chelny
Naberezhnye Chelny (Russian: На́бережные Челны́, IPA: [ˈnabʲɪrʲɪʐnɨjə tɕɪlˈnɨ] ⓘ; Tatar: Яр Чаллы, IPA: [ˈjar ɕɑlːɤ̆]) is the second largest city in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia. A major industrial center, Naberezhnye Chelny stands on the Kama River 225 kilometers (140 mi) east of Kazan near Nizhnekamsk Reservoir. Population: 548,434 (2021 census); 513,193 (2010 census); 509,870 (2002 census); 500,309 (1989 Soviet census).

The city was briefly known as Brezhnev from 1982 to 1988.
Nine Lives (Robert Plant album)
Nine Lives is a box set of Robert Plant's solo work, released on 21 November 2006. It includes remastered and expanded editions of nine albums with unreleased tracks and b-sides and a DVD.

The DVD has 20 music videos, live performance footage, and a career-spanning interview with Plant, as well as interviews with friends including drummer Phil Collins, Who lead singer Roger Daltrey, singer-songwriter Tori Amos, tennis star John McEnroe, and former Atlantic Records President Ahmet Ertegun, among others.

The albums are:

Pictures at Eleven

The Principle of Moments

The Honeydrippers: Volume One

Shaken 'n' Stirred

Now and Zen

Manic Nirvana

Fate of Nations

Dreamland

Mighty ReArranger

Manic Nirvana
Manic Nirvana is the fifth studio album by the former Led Zeppelin singer Robert Plant, released on 19 March 1990 by Es Paranza Records, Plant's own label. Lead single "Hurting Kind (I've Got My Eyes on You)", held #1 on the US Mainstream Rock charts for six consecutive weeks.

The vinyl release had 10 songs (five per side) rather than 11, omitting "She Said".

"It has the savvy and emotional strength you'd expect from an adult," enthused Entertainment Weekly.
Belarusian dialects in Latvia
Belarusian dialects in Latvia are autochthonous and migrant varieties of the Belarusian language spoken in the southeastern part of Latvia (mainly in Latgalia and Selonia), along the border with Belarus and Russia. Historically, these dialects occupied a significant area in the districts of Ilūkste, Daugavpils, Krāslava, and Ludza.

In the 21st century, these dialects are in a state of decline and are often referred to by their speakers as "simple speech" (prostaya mova) or "mixed language".

Ludza
Ludza (pronunciationⓘ; Polish: Lucyn, German: Ludsen, Yiddish: לוצין, romanized: Lutsin, Russian: Лудза, Ludza) is a town in the Latgale region of eastern Latvia. Ludza is the oldest town in Latvia and this is commemorated by a key in its coat of arms. Ludza is the administrative centre of Ludza Municipality that is located nearby the Russian border. The population as of 2020 was 7,667.
Stillman Pond
Stillman Pond (October 26, 1803 – September 30, 1878) – a farmer, harnessmaker, and land speculator by trade, and a native of Hubbardston, Worcester, Massachusetts – was a Mormon pioneer and church leader recognized for the great personal sacrifices he made in the Mormon exodus from Nauvoo, Illinois, to the Great Basin's Salt Lake Valley (September 1846 – September 1847), in what would later become Utah Territory.

Great Basin
The Great Basin (Spanish: Gran Cuenca) is the largest area of contiguous endorheic watersheds, those with no outlets to the ocean, in North America. It spans nearly all of Nevada, much of Utah, and portions of California, Idaho, Oregon, Wyoming, and Baja California. It is noted for both its arid climate and the basin and range topography that varies from the North American low point at Badwater Basin in Death Valley to the highest point of the contiguous United States, less than 100 miles (160 km) away at the summit of Mount Whitney. The region spans several physiographic divisions, biomes, ecoregions, and deserts.
Comb Law
Comb Law is a hill in the Lowther Hills range, part of the Southern Uplands of Scotland. The second lowest Donald in the area south of the A702 road, it is surrounded on most sides by tracks or roads and there are various routes to the summit, but the easiest ascent is from the Daer Reservoir.

A702 road
The A702 is a major road in Scotland, that runs from Edinburgh to St. John's Town of Dalry in Dumfries and Galloway. It is the last section of the route from London via the West Midlands and North West England to Edinburgh, which follows the M1, M6, A74(M) and finally the A702.
Hippomedon (Seven against Thebes)
In Greek mythology, Hippomedon /hɪˈpɒmɪdən/ (Ἰππομέδων, gen.: Ἰππομέδοντος) was one of the Seven against Thebes. He lived near the lake Lerna in Peloponessus; the foundations of his house on Mount Pontinus at Lerna were shown in Pausanias' times. In Euripides' The Suppliants, he is characterized as a person uninterested in comfort and entertainments, eager to face hardships, and dedicating a lot of time to training for combat.

Lerna
In classical Greece, Lerna (Greek: Λέρνα or Λέρνη) was a region of springs and a former lake located in the municipality of the same name, near the east coast of the Peloponnesus, south of Argos. Even though much of the area is marshy, Lerna is located on a geographically narrow point between mountains and the sea, along an ancient route from the Argolid to the southern Peloponnese; this location may have resulted in the importance of the settlement.

Its site near the village Mili at the Argolic Gulf is most famous as the lair of the Lernaean Hydra, the chthonic many-headed water snake, a creature of great antiquity when Heracles killed it, as the second of his labors. The strong Karstic springs remained; the lake, diminished to a silt lagoon by the 19th century, has vanished.

Lerna is notable for several archaeological sites, including an Early Bronze Age structure known as House of the Tiles, dating to the Early Helladic period II (2500–2300 BC).
Yangpyeong FC
Yangpyeong Football Club (Korean: 양평 FC) is a South Korean football club based in the county of Yangpyeong in Gyeonggi Province. The club plays in the K3 League, a semi-professional league and the third tier of league football in South Korea.

Administrative divisions of South Korea
South Korea is made up of 17 first-tier administrative divisions: 6 metropolitan cities (gwangyeoksi 광역시/廣域市), 1 special city (teukbyeolsi 특별시/特別市), 1 special self-governing city (teukbyeol-jachisi 특별자치시/特別自治市), and 9 provinces (do 도/道), including three special self-governing provinces (teukbyeol jachido 특별자치도/特別自治道) and six claimed by the ROK government. These are further subdivided into a variety of smaller entities, including cities (si 시/市), counties (gun 군/郡), districts (gu 구/區), towns (eup 읍/邑), townships (myeon 면/面), neighborhoods (dong 동/洞) and villages (ri 리/里).
Battle of the River Amnias
The Battle of the River Amnias was fought in 89 BC between Mithradates VI of Pontus and Nicomedes IV of Bithynia during the First Mithridatic War. The forces of Pontus were commanded by Archelaus and Neoptolemus, while the Bithynians were led by King Nicomedes himself. Pontus was victorious. This battle and subsequent events would lead to the loss of Roman rule in the province of Asia for some years.

Mithridates VI Eupator
Mithridates or Mithradates VI Eupator (Ancient Greek: Μιθριδάτης; 135–63 BC) was the ruler of the Kingdom of Pontus in northern Anatolia from 120 to 63 BC, and one of the Roman Republic's most formidable and determined opponents. He sought to dominate Asia Minor and the Black Sea region, waging several hard-fought but ultimately unsuccessful wars (the Mithridatic Wars) to break Roman dominion over Asia and the Hellenic world. He has been called the greatest ruler of the Kingdom of Pontus. He cultivated an immunity to poisons by regularly ingesting sub-lethal doses; this practice, now called mithridatism, is named after him. After his death, he became known as Mithridates the Great. He claimed to be a descendant of Darius the Great.
1861 Grey and Bell by-election
The 1861 Grey and Bell by-election was a by-election held on 20 June during the 3rd New Zealand Parliament in the Taranaki electorate of Grey and Bell.

The by-election was caused by the death of the incumbent MP William Cutfield King on 8 February 1861.

The by-election was won by Harry Atkinson.

Atkinson was unopposed, and was duly declared elected.

3rd New Zealand Parliament
The 3rd New Zealand Parliament was a term of the Parliament of New Zealand. Elections for this term were held between 12 December 1860 and 28 March 1861 in 43 electorates to elect 53 MPs. Two electorates were added to this during this term, Gold Fields District (overlaid over existing Otago electorates) and a new Dunedin electorate created by splitting the existing City of Dunedin into Dunedin and Suburbs North and Dunedin and Suburbs South, increasing the number of MPs to 57. During the term of this Parliament, six Ministries were in power.