hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Island Peak
Island Peak (Nepali: इम्जा छे, Imja Tse) is a mountain in Sagarmatha National Park in the Himalayas of eastern Nepal. The peak was named Island Peak in 1953 by members of the British Mount Everest expedition because it appears as an island in a sea of ice when viewed from Dingboche. The peak was later renamed in 1983 to Imja Tse but Island Peak remains the popular choice. The peak is actually an extension of the ridge coming down off the south end of Lhotse Shar.

The southwest summit of Imja Tse was first climbed in 1953 as part of a training exercise by a British expedition that went on to summit Mount Everest. The team that climbed Imja Tse comprised Tenzing Norgay, Charles Evans, Alfred Gregory, Charles Wylie and seven other Sherpas. The main summit was first climbed in 1956 by Hans-Rudolf Von Gunten and two unknown Sherpas, members of a Swiss team that went on to make the second ascent of Everest and the first ascent of Lhotse.

Alfred Gregory
Alfred Gregory FBIPP, FRPS (Hon) (12 February 1913 – 9 February 2010) was a British mountaineer, explorer and professional photographer. A member of the 1953 British Mount Everest Expedition that made the first ascent of Mount Everest, he was in charge of stills photography and, as a climbing member of the team, reached 28,000 feet (8,500 metres) in support of the successful Hillary-Tenzing assault on the summit.
Ripu Malla
Ripu Malla (Nepali: रिपु मल्ल) was the Maharajadhiraja of the Khasa Kingdom who reigned in the early 14th century. He is best remembered for being the last visitor to Lumbini, the birthplace of the Gautama Buddha that left an inscription of his visit.

In 1312, he visited Lumbini and left in an inscription in Nigali Sagar that reads "Om Mani Padme Hum Sri Ripu Malla Chidam Jayatu Sangrama Malla (May Prince Ripu Malla be long victorious)". After his visit, Lumbini universally, known to be the birthplace of the Gautama Buddha, disappeared and slowly became a forest, due to the decline of Buddhism in the Indian subcontinent. The pillar was re-discovered in 1893 by Khadga Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana.

The same year, he invaded the Kathmandu Valley (then known as Nepal Valley). In Kathmandu, according to the Gopal Raj Vamshavali, Malla reportedly publicly worshiped at Swayambhunath, Matsyendranath, and Pashupatinath Temple to show his supremacy in Nepal.

Gopal Raj Vamshavali
The Gopal Raj Vamshavali (IAST: Gopālarājavaṃśāvalī, Devanagari: गोपालराजवंशावली) is a 14th-century Nepalese chronicle and genealogical record of monarchs, written in Classical Newar and Sanskrit language in the Bhujimol script. The Gopal Raj Vamshavali is considered one of the most important works in Newar language and most authoritative and widely cited chronicle in Nepalese history.
Norrköping Synagogue
The Norrköping Synagogue (Swedish: Norrköpings synagoga) is a former Jewish congregation and synagogue, located on Bebyggelseregistret, in Brådgatan, in the Nordantill borough of Norrköping, in Östergötland County, Sweden. The former synagogue was designed by Edvard Medén and Carl Stål in the Neoclassical and Moorish Revival styles and completed in 1858.

The former synagogue was classified as a listed building in 1978.

Moorish Revival architecture
Moorish Revival or Neo-Moorish is one of the exotic revival architectural styles that were adopted by architects of Europe and the Americas in the wake of Romanticist Orientalism. It reached the height of its popularity after the mid-19th century, part of a widening vocabulary of articulated decorative ornament drawn from historical sources beyond familiar classical and Gothic modes. Neo-Moorish architecture drew on elements from classic Moorish architecture and, as a result, from the wider Islamic architecture.
Sergio Flores (born 1985)
Dustin Sergio Flores (born February 22, 1985) is an American former soccer player of Bolivian descent. He played as either a striker or a winger.

Flores has represented the United States at U18 and U20 levels. He has been on the roster of Real Salt Lake, The Strongest of Bolivia and Chacarita Juniors of Argentina. He signed for Crystal Palace Baltimore in 2007. In five pre-season games for Crystal Palace Baltimore in their first ever season, Flores scored eight goals.

He retired from professional soccer at the age of 23, and currently lives in Maryland.

The Strongest
Club The Strongest is a Bolivian professional football club based in La Paz, that currently plays in the Bolivian Primera División.

Founded in 1908, their team colours are yellow and black. Although they have a home ground, Estadio Rafael Mendoza, (capacity: 15,000), they play most of their games at the Estadio Hernando Siles, Bolivia's national ground (capacity: 42,000). The club is the oldest active football club in Bolivia and the only team to have played continuously in the country's top division for longer than a century.

The club was well represented in the Bolivian squad at the 1994 FIFA World Cup, the last such tournament in which the national team participated, by Marcelo Torrico, Gustavo Quinteros, Óscar Sánchez and José Melgar.
2022 North Dakota Attorney General election
The 2022 North Dakota Attorney General election took place on November 8, 2022, to elect the Attorney General of North Dakota. Incumbent Republican Attorney General Wayne Stenehjem had announced before his death on January 28, 2022, that he was retiring, and was replaced by former United States Attorney for the District of North Dakota and former Lieutenant Governor Drew Wrigley, who was running for a full term in his own right.

Wayne Stenehjem
Wayne Stenehjem (/ˈstɛndʒəm/ STEN-jəm; February 5, 1953 – January 28, 2022) was an American lawyer and politician who served as the 29th Attorney General of North Dakota from 2000 until his death in 2022. He sought the Republican nomination for governor of North Dakota in 2016 but lost the primary to Doug Burgum on June 14 by 20%.
2014–15 ISU Speed Skating World Cup – World Cup 2 – Women's 5000 metres
The women's 5000 metres race of the 2014–15 ISU Speed Skating World Cup 2, arranged in the Taereung International Ice Rink, in Seoul, South Korea, was held on 21 November 2014.

Claudia Pechstein of Germany won, followed by Martina Sáblíková of the Czech Republic in second place, and Ivanie Blondin of Canada in third place. Olga Graf of Russia won Division B.

Martina Sáblíková
Martina Sáblíková (Czech pronunciation: [ˈmarcɪna ˈsaːbliːkovaː] ⓘ) (born 27 May 1987) is a Czech speed skater, specializing in long track speed skating. She is a three-time Olympic gold medal winner and a multiple European and World allround champion. She became the first Czech to win two Olympic gold medals at one Winter Games in 2010. Sáblíková also competes in inline speed skating and road cycling races as a part of her summer preparation for the skating season. In cycling, she focuses on individual time trial discipline in which Sáblíková holds multiple Czech Republic National Championships titles and belongs to the world's top 15 female time-trialists. Sáblíková is the elder sister of fellow speedskater Milan Sáblík.
United States at the CONCACAF Gold Cup
The United States national team has participated in all eighteen editions of the CONCACAF Gold Cup since its foundation in 1991 to replace the CONCACAF Championship. The United States is also the second-most successful team in the tournament, having won seven titles since the beginning of the Gold Cup era, behind only Mexico by three titles. Before the Gold Cup however, the United States only qualified for two of the previous ten CONCACAF Championships (1985 and 1989).

Since its inception in 1991, the CONCACAF Gold Cup is continually hosted or co-hosted by the United States (due to the United States being the only country that can host a profitable tournament), therefore the United States have frequently participated in the tournament and are considered to be one of the two major teams alongside Mexico. They have reached the final thirteen times, losing six out of eight times when facing Mexico, but winning the other five finals against various opponents.

2003 CONCACAF Gold Cup
The 2003 CONCACAF Gold Cup was the seventh edition of the Gold Cup, the soccer championship of North America, Central America and the Caribbean (CONCACAF).

For the first time since 1993, the tournament was held in more than one country, with games played in both United States and Mexico. The games were played in Mexico City, Miami, and for the first time in a northern U.S. city, Foxborough. The format of the tournament stayed the same as in 2002: twelve teams were split into four groups of three, the top two teams in each group would advance to the quarter-finals. Colombia and Brazil were invited, with the latter sending an Under-23 team.

The United States' Landon Donovan put four past Cuba in the quarterfinals in a 5–0 win, but the defending champions went out to Brazil in the semi-finals. The South Americans scored a goal in the 89th minute and added a penalty in extra time to win 2–1. Mexico won their first championship since 1998, beating Brazil 1–0 in extra time.
Kathy (talk show)
Kathy is an American late-night talk show hosted by Kathy Griffin. The show debuted on April 19, 2012, at 10:00 p.m. on Bravo and aired every Thursday. The show was renewed for a second season, which started airing on January 10, 2013 as started to air Live at 10:00 p.m. on Bravo, which was later changed to 11:30 p.m. in mid-season.

On April 6, 2013, Bravo announced the cancellation of Kathy after two seasons.

Bravo (American TV network)
Bravo is an American basic cable television network, launched on December 8, 1980. It is owned by the NBCUniversal Media Group division of Comcast's NBCUniversal. The channel originally focused on programming related to fine arts and film. Since the 2000s, it has focused heavily on reality series targeted at 25-54 year-old women and the LGBTQ community at large. Its former sister channels are Nickelodeon and IFC, which are currently owned by Paramount Skydance Corporation and AMC Networks, respectively. As of November 2023, Bravo is available to approximately 70 million pay television households in the United States, down from its 2013 peak of 95 million households.
Cecil Butler (architect)
Cecil Butler (1897-1947) was an English architect who was closely associated with the development of Hampstead Garden Suburb.

Butler was architect to the Co-partnership Tenants for the suburb from 1923 to 1928, when he designed Neale Close, Midholm Close, and 34A-72 Hill Top. He also designed flats and shops in Lyttelton Court and Falloden Way. From 1939 to 1941 he was a partner at Shayles, Butler & Dilke in Shrewsbury. From 1942 to 1945 he worked at the Lands Department of the War Office.

Architecture of England
The architecture of England is the architecture of the historic Kingdom of England up to 1707, and of England since then, but is deemed to include buildings created under English influence or by English architects in other parts of the world, particularly in the English overseas possessions and the later  British Empire, which developed into the present-day Commonwealth of Nations.

Apart from Anglo-Saxon architecture, the major non-vernacular forms employed in England before 1900 originated elsewhere in western Europe, chiefly in France and Italy, while 20th-century Modernist architecture derived from both European and American influences. Each of these foreign modes became assimilated within English architectural culture and gave rise to local variation and innovation, producing distinctive national forms. Among the most characteristic styles originating in England are the Perpendicular Gothic of the late Middle Ages, High Victorian Gothic and the Queen Anne style.
Lagos City Polytechnic
Lagos City Polytechnic is a privately owned polytechnic in Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria. It provides National Diploma courses in Accountancy, Banking & Finance and Business Studies.
The Lagos City Computer College is affiliated with the polytechnic.

The polytechnic is recognized by the National Board for Technical Education.

The polytechnic was established in 1990 by Engineer Babatunde Odufuwa as the first private tertiary educational institution in Nigeria.
It gained official recognition in 1995.
In December 2002 the polytechnic held its second convocation ceremony, where about 300 students received Higher Diplomas or National Diplomas.
The institution was criticized in 2006 by a Sunday Sun reporter who found lax admission procedures and inadequate staff.

National Board for Technical Education
The National Board for Technical Education, otherwise known as NBTE, is a Nigerian board of education which supervises, regulates and oversees educational programmes offered by technical institutions at secondary, polytechnic and monotechnic levels through an accreditation process. It was established by Act No 9 of 11 July 1977 with the aim of "providing standardised minimum guide curricula for Technical and Vocational Education and Training".

The National Board for Technical Education (NBTE) has granted approval to the Federal Polytechnic, Ede, for the commencement of Open and Distance Flexible E-Learning.
J. Gordon Holt
Justin Gordon Holt (19 April 1930 – 20 July 2009) was an audio engineer and the founder of Stereophile magazine, and is widely considered to be the founder of the high-end audio movement, which promoted the philosophy of judging sound quality by subjective tests, generally with "cost no object" sound components, including loudspeakers, turntables, amplifiers, vacuum tube components, cables, and other devices. Known as "JGH" (from his byline in published reviews and articles), Holt established a reputation for veracity, often-controversial opinions, passionate critiques, and journalistic integrity. He also pioneered the concept of the yearly "Recommended Components" list, providing a thumbnail summary of reviews for audiophiles looking for the finest sound components available at any price. Holt also came up with "Holt's Law," the theory that the better the recording, the worse the musical performance—and vice versa.

Sound & Vision (magazine)
Sound & Vision was an American magazine, purchased by AVTech Media Ltd. (UK) in March 2018, covering home theater, audio, video and multimedia consumer products. Before 2000, it had been published for most of its history as Stereo Review. The magazine is headquartered in New York City. October/November 2024 was the last printed issue, with the brand continuing as a website.
Faraday Institute for Science and Religion
The Faraday Institute for Science and Religion is an interdisciplinary academic research institute based in Cambridge, England. It is named after the 19th-century English scientist Michael Faraday, the pioneer of electromagnetic induction.

It was established in 2006 by a $2,000,000 grant from the John Templeton Foundation to carry out academic research, to foster understanding of the interaction between science and religion, and to engage public understanding in both these subject areas. The institute also leads debate on wider issues such as sustainability and education.

Research institute
A research institute, research centre, or research organization is an establishment founded for doing research. Research institutes may specialize in basic research or may be oriented to applied research. Although the term often implies natural science research, there are also many research institutes in the social science as well, especially for sociological and historical research purposes.
WUAW
WUAW (88.3 FM) is an educational radio station licensed in Erwin, North Carolina, United States, and serving the Erwin, Dunn, Coats and Lillington areas. It broadcasts genres including adult contemporary, alternative rock,  top-40, and country music.

The station is owned by Central Carolina Community College as part of its Broadcast Production Technology program. The station's transmitter and tower are located one mile east of U.S. Highway 421 in Erwin, North Carolina.

Central Carolina Community College
Central Carolina Community College (CCCC) is a public community college with campuses in Chatham, Harnett and Lee counties. Established in 1961, CCCC is part of the North Carolina Community College System and offers a diverse range of academic and career and technical programs to meet the educational needs of its communities.
Genetics (journal)
Genetics is a monthly scientific journal publishing investigations bearing on heredity, genetics, biochemistry and molecular biology. Genetics is published by the Genetics Society of America. It has a delayed open access policy, and makes articles available online without a subscription after 12 months have elapsed since first publication. Since 2010, it is published online-only. George Harrison Shull was the founding editor of Genetics in 1916.

Heredity
Heredity, also called inheritance or biological inheritance, is the passing on of traits from parents to their offspring; either through asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction, the offspring cells or organisms acquire the genetic information of their parents. Through heredity, variations between individuals can accumulate and cause species to evolve by natural selection. The study of heredity in biology is genetics.
Baza, Vologda Oblast
Baza (Russian: База) is a rural locality (a village) and the administrative center of Yavengskoye Rural Settlement, Vozhegodsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 576 as of 2002. There are 10 streets.

Vozhegodsky District
Vozhegodsky District (Russian: Вожего́дский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-six in Vologda Oblast, Russia. It is located in the north of the oblast and borders with Konoshsky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast in the north, Verkhovazhsky District in the east, Syamzhensky District in the southeast, Kharovsky District in the south, Ust-Kubinsky District in the southwest, and with Kirillovsky District in the west. The area of the district is 5,500 square kilometers (2,100 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Vozhega. Population: 16,790 (2010 Census); 18,976 (2002 Census); 22,470 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Vozhega accounts for 40.1% of the district's total population.
Akkarai Kodiveri
Akkarai Kodiveri is a panchayat village in Gobichettipalayam taluk in Erode District of Tamil Nadu state, India. It is about 15 km from Gobichettipalayam and 50 km from district headquarters Erode.The village is located on the road connecting Gobichettipalayam with Sathyamangalam. Akkarai Kodiveri has a population of about 2263.

Sathyamangalam
Sathyamangalam (also known as Sathy) is a town and municipality in Erode district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It lies on the banks of the Bhavani River, a tributary of the Kaveri straddling the Eastern and Western Ghats. It is the headquarters of Sathyamangalam taluk. It is located about 65 km (40 mi) from the district headquarters Erode. As of 2011, the town had a population of 37,816.
Mak language
The Mak language (Chinese: 莫语; autonym: ʔai3 maːk8) is a Kam–Sui language spoken in Libo County, Qiannan Prefecture, Guizhou, China. It is spoken mainly in the four townships of Yangfeng (羊/阳风乡, including Dali 大利村 and Xinchang 新场村 dialects), Fangcun (方村), Jialiang (甲良), and Diwo (地莪) in Jialiang District (甲良), Libo County. Mak speakers can also be found in Dushan County. Mak is spoken alongside Ai-Cham and Bouyei. The Mak, also called Mojia (莫家) in Chinese, are officially classified as Bouyei by the Chinese government.

Yang (2000) considers Ai-Cham and Mak to be different dialects of the same language.

The Fangcun dialect was first studied by Fang-Kuei Li in 1942, and the Yangfeng dialect was studied in the 1980s by Dabai Ni of the Minzu University of China. Ni also noted that the Mak people only sing Bouyei folk songs, and that about 5,000 Mak people have shifted to the Bouyei language.

Dushan County
Dushan County (simplified Chinese: 独山县; traditional Chinese: 獨山縣; pinyin: Dúshān Xiàn; lit. 'independent mountain') is a county of 346,000 people (2007) in Guizhou province, China. It is under the administration of Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, in the south of the province, bordering Guangxi to the south. The county seat is the town of Baiquan.

Dushan is located in a mountainous area, with elevations increasing from south to north. The primary river in the county is the Duliu River (都柳江), and the annual mean temperature is around 15 °C (59 °F) and there is total of 1,346 millimetres (52.99 in) of rainfall annually. Transportation links include the Guizhou–Guangxi Railway (黔桂铁路), the G75 Lanzhou–Haikou Expressway, China National Highways 210 and 312. Important natural attractions are Duxiu Mountain (独秀峰), Shenxian Cave (神仙洞) and Yuqing Caves (于清洞), and Ziquan Lake (紫泉湖).
Cunningham's rule
In mathematical optimization, Cunningham's rule (also known as least recently considered rule or round-robin rule) is an algorithmic refinement of the simplex method for linear optimization.

The rule was proposed 1979 by W. H. Cunningham to defeat the deformed hypercube constructions by Klee and Minty et al. (see, e.g. Klee–Minty cube).

Cunningham's rule assigns a cyclic order to the variables and remembers the last variable to enter the basis. The next entering variable is chosen to be the first allowable candidate starting from the last chosen variable and following the given circular order. History-based rules defeat the deformed hypercube constructions because they tend to average out how many times a variable pivots.

It has recently been shown by David Avis and Oliver Friedmann that there is a family of linear programs on which the simplex algorithm equipped with Cunningham's rule requires exponential time.

Mathematical optimization
Mathematical optimization (alternatively spelled optimisation) or mathematical programming is the selection of a best element, with regard to some criteria, from some set of available alternatives. It is generally divided into two subfields: discrete optimization and continuous optimization. Optimization problems arise in all quantitative disciplines from computer science and engineering to operations research and economics, and the development of solution methods has been of interest in mathematics for centuries.

In the more general approach, an optimization problem consists of maximizing or minimizing a real function by systematically choosing input values from within an allowed set and computing the value of the function. The generalization of optimization theory and techniques to other formulations constitutes a large area of applied mathematics.
Made in America (Kam album)
Made in America is the second album released by Kam. It was released on March 14, 1995 for East West Records and was produced by DJ Battlecat, DJ Quik, E-A-Ski, Warren G and Cold 187um, among others. Made in America was a modest success, peaking at #158 on the Billboard 200, #20 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums and #8 on the Top Heatseekers. This was Kam's last album for East West Records.

DJ Quik
David Marvin Blake (born January 18, 1970), better known by his stage names DJ Quik or Da Quiksta, is an American rapper and record producer from Compton, California, known for his production in the G-funk style of West Coast hip-hop. Blake has collaborated with Snoop Dogg, Kurupt, Tupac, Chingy, R. Kelly and Shaquille O'Neal, among others. As a recording artist himself, he is perhaps best known for his 1991 single "Tonite", which reached the top 50 of the Billboard Hot 100. Blake's stage name refers to his ability of producing songs in a short period of time.