hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rafa Silva
Rafael Alexandre Fernandes Ferreira da Silva ComM (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈʁafɐ ˈsilvɐ]; born 17 May 1993), known as Rafa Silva or Rafa, is a Portuguese footballer who plays as a winger or second striker for Primeira Liga club Benfica.

After starting his professional career at Feirense, Silva transferred to Braga in 2013 and went on to make 127 appearances for them, scoring 26 goals winning the Taça de Portugal in 2016. He joined Benfica that year for €16.4 million, winning three league championships and another cup during his spell. In June 2024, he joined Beşiktaş, before returning to Benfica in 2026.

A full international from 2014 to 2021, Silva represented Portugal on 25 occasions. He was selected for the 2014 FIFA World Cup, UEFA Euro 2016, the 2019 UEFA Nations League Finals and UEFA Euro 2020, winning the 2016 and 2019 tournaments.

F.C. Arouca
Futebol Clube de Arouca (pronounced [ɐˈɾokɐ]) is a professional football club based in the Porto metropolitan area. Founded in 1951, the club plays in the Primeira Liga, holding home games at Estádio Municipal de Arouca, with a 5,600-seat capacity.
1917 Saint Louis Billikens football team
The 1917 Saint Louis Billikens football team was an American football team that represented Saint Louis University as an independent during the 1917 college football season. In their first and only season under head coach Charles M. Rademacher, the Billikens compiled a 4–3–1 record and outscored opponents by a total of 79 to 61.

1917 college football season
The 1917 college football season ended with six undefeated teams in Georgia Tech, Pittsburgh, Ohio State, Texas A&M, Williams, and Washington State.

The Official NCAA Division I Football Records Book lists only Georgia Tech as national champions, the South's first.

Tech coach John Heisman challenged Pitt coach Pop Warner to a postseason contest to determine a national champion, but as such a match did not occur until the next season. The Golden Tornado was invited to play a 4–3 Oregon team in the Rose Bowl, but by then many players had joined the war effort.

In the second week of play, Georgia Tech beat Penn 41–0. Bernie McCarty called it "Strupper's finest hour, coming through against powerful Penn in the contest that shocked the East." By comparison, Pitt defeated Penn 14–6.
Roding River
The Roding River is a river of the Tasman Region of New Zealand's South Island. It flows generally southwest from its sources in the hills above the city of Nelson, reaching the Wairoa River five kilometres south of Richmond. The rock type Rodingite is named after the Roding River. The catchment has numerous mine sites and shafts which attempted to make the copper and chromite deposits in the Dun Mountain Ophiolite Belt profitable in the late 19th century.

Tasman District
Tasman District (Māori: Te Tai o Aorere) is a local government district in the northwest of the South Island of New Zealand. It borders the Canterbury Region, West Coast Region, Marlborough Region and Nelson City. It is administered by the Tasman District Council, a unitary authority, which sits at Richmond, with community boards serving outlying communities in Motueka and Golden Bay / Mohua. The city of Nelson has its own unitary authority separate from Tasman District, and together they comprise a single region in some contexts, but not for local government functions or resource management (planning) functions.
Gene Krug
Gary Eugene Krug (born February 12, 1955) is an American former professional baseball player. He appeared in seven Major League games as a pinch hitter for the Chicago Cubs during the 1981 season. He had two hits in five at bats, including a single in his first big-league plate appearance on April 29 against Lary Sorensen of the St. Louis Cardinals, in a game that ended in a 2–2 tie.

Krug attended Lamar Community College and  the University of Oklahoma, and was selected by the Cubs in the 29th round of the 1977 Major League Baseball draft.  He threw and batted left-handed, stood 6 feet 4 inches (1.93 m) tall and weighed 225 pounds (102 kg). A first baseman, he batted .317 during his five-season minor league baseball career, with 45 home runs. He drove in 103 runs for the 1978 Bakersfield Outlaws, a co-op team in the Class A California League.

Tie (draw)
A draw or tie occurs in a competitive sport when the results are identical or inconclusive. Ties or draws are possible in some, but not all, sports and games. Such an outcome, sometimes referred to as deadlock, can also occur in other areas of life such as politics, business, and wherever there are different factions regarding an issue.
Giancarlo Scottà
Giancarlo Scottà (born 11 April 1953, in Vittorio Veneto) is an Italian politician from Veneto.

A member of Liga Veneta-Lega Nord, Scottà was Mayor of Vittorio Veneto from 1999 to 2009. At the 2009 European election he was elected to the European Parliament.

2009 European Parliament election in Italy
The 2009 European Parliament election in Italy was held on Saturday 6 and Sunday 7 June 2009, as decided by the Italian government on 18 December 2008. Italy elected 72 members of the European Parliament (MEPs).
Ten Minute Alibi (play)
Ten Minute Alibi is a 1933 crime thriller play by the British author Anthony Armstrong. It premiered at the Embassy Theatre in Swiss Cottage on 2 January 1933, before transferring to London's West End. It ran for 857 performances between 8 February 1933 and 26 January 1935, initially at the Haymarket Theatre before switching to the Phoenix Theatre. The London cast included Anthony Ireland, Robert Douglas, Bernard Lee, George Merritt, Charles Hickman, Celia Johnson, Jessica Tandy, Gillian Maude and Aileen Marson. It was directed by Sinclair Hill. A Broadway version at the Ethel Barrymore Theatre ran for 89 performances.

Bernard Lee
John Bernard Lee (10 January 1908 – 16 January 1981) was an English actor, best known for his role as M in the first eleven Eon-produced James Bond films. Lee's film career spanned the years 1934 to 1979, though he had appeared on stage from the age of six. He was trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in London. Lee appeared in over one hundred films, as well as on stage and in television dramatisations. He was known for his roles as authority figures, often playing military characters or policemen in films such as The Third Man, The Blue Lamp, The Battle of the River Plate, and Whistle Down the Wind.
Lipoteichoic acid
Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is a major constituent of the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria.  These organisms have an inner (or cytoplasmic) membrane and, external to it, a thick (up to 80 nanometer) peptidoglycan layer. The structure of LTA varies between the different species of gram-positive bacteria and may contain long chains of ribitol or glycerol phosphate.  LTA is anchored to the cell membrane via a diacylglycerol. It acts as  regulator of autolytic wall enzymes (muramidases). It has antigenic properties being able to stimulate specific immune response.

LTA may bind to target cells non-specifically through membrane phospholipids, or specifically to CD14 and to Toll-like receptors.  Binding to TLR-2 has shown to induce NF-κB expression(a central transcription factor), elevating expression of both pro- and anti-apoptotic genes. Its activation also induces mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) activation along with phosphoinositide 3-kinase activation.

Toll-like receptor
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class of proteins that play a key role in the innate immune system. They are single-spanning receptors usually expressed on sentinel cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells, that recognize structurally conserved molecules derived from microbes. Once these microbes have reached physical barriers such as the skin or intestinal tract mucosa, they are recognized by TLRs, which activate immune cell responses. The TLRs include TLR1, TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR5, TLR6, TLR7, TLR8, TLR9, TLR10, TLR11, TLR12, and TLR13. Humans lack genes for TLR11, TLR12 and TLR13 and mice lack a functional gene for TLR10. The receptors TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, TLR6, and TLR10 are located on the cell membrane, whereas TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9 are located in intracellular vesicles (because they are sensors of nucleic acids).

TLRs received their name from their similarity to the protein coded by the toll gene.
Saffron Magicworks
Saffron Magicworks is a film and television production company founded by Nikhil Dwivedi. As of 2024, the company has produced four films, including two that are yet-to be released, and one television series.

The company's first production was the comedy film Veere Di Wedding (2018), which ranks among the highest-grossing female-led Hindi films. They have since produced the action sequel film Dabangg 3 (2019), the mythological television series Shrimad Bhagwat Mahapuran (2019–2020), and the Netflix thriller film CTRL (2024).

Nikhil Dwivedi
Nikhil Dwivedi (born 25 November 1978) is an Indian actor and producer. He made his acting debut with a leading role in the 2008 crime comedy film My Name Is Anthony Gonsalves, which performed poorly at the box office. He subsequently appeared in Raavan (2010), Shor in the City (2011), Hate Story (2012) and Tamanchey (2014) most of which were met with limited commercial success.

Dwivedi produced the comedy Veere Di Wedding (2018), followed by the television series Shrimad Bhagwat Mahapuran (2019–2020) and the action film Dabangg 3 (2019). In 2024, he produced the Netflix thriller CTRL. He also returned to acting, appearing as the antagonist in the series Scam 1992 (2020).
Schwartz kernel theorem
In mathematics, the Schwartz kernel theorem is a foundational result in the theory of generalized functions, published by Laurent Schwartz in 1952. It states, in broad terms, that the generalized functions introduced by Schwartz (Schwartz distributions) have a two-variable theory that includes all reasonable bilinear forms on the space  of test functions. The space  itself consists of smooth functions of compact support.

Bilinear form
In mathematics, a bilinear form is a bilinear map V × V → K on a vector space V (the elements of which are called vectors) over a field K (the elements of which are called scalars). In other words, a bilinear form is a function B : V × V → K that is linear in each argument separately:

B(u + v, w) = B(u, w) + B(v, w)     and     B(λu, v) = λB(u, v)

B(u, v + w) = B(u, v) + B(u, w)     and     B(u, λv) = λB(u, v)

The dot product on  is an example of a bilinear form which is also an inner product. An example of a bilinear form that is not an inner product would be the four-vector product.

The definition of a bilinear form can be extended to include modules over a ring, with linear maps replaced by module homomorphisms.

When K is the field of complex numbers C, one is often more interested in sesquilinear forms, which are similar to bilinear forms but are conjugate linear in one argument.
Matti Kekkonen
Matti Kaleva Kekkonen (4 September 1928 – 3 July 2013) was a Finnish politician and jurist, son of president Urho Kekkonen and author Sylvi Kekkonen.

Matti Kekkonen worked as a jurist in the 1950s and 1960s. In 1957, he received the title of varatuomari. From 1958 to 1970 he was a member of the Finnish Parliament. He was also a presidential elector in 1962 and 1968. After his 12-year career in the parliament, he worked in the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry from 1970 to 1979.

His twin brother was diplomat and ambassador Taneli Kekkonen, who committed suicide on 11 July 1985, predeceasing his father by over a year.

Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (Finland)
The Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (MMM, Finnish: maa- ja metsätalousministeriö, Swedish: jord- och skogsbruksministeriet) is one of the 12 ministries in the Finnish Government. Natural resources and their sustainable use are in the focus of this ministry. It also makes sure that Finland is self-sufficient in its food production even in a time of crisis, and that the food production and use of natural resources is sustainable, economically beneficial, and good for the well-being of the nation's citizens.

For 2022, the MMM's budget is €2.752.960.000. The ministry has about 250 employees, and 5,100 in the entire administrative sector. The size of the ministry's budget is approximately 2.8 billion euros.
Albert Español
Albert Español Lifante (born 29 October 1985) is a Spanish water polo player. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, he competed for the Spain men's national water polo team in the men's event. He is 6 ft 2 inches tall. At club level, he plays for Spanish powerhouse CN Atlètic-Barceloneta.

2013–14 División de Honor de Waterpolo
The 2013–14 season of the División de Honor de Waterpolo is the 91st season of top-tier water polo in Spain since its inception in 1925.

The season comprises regular season and championship playoff. Regular season started in October 2013 and finished on April 26, 2014. Top eight teams at standings play championship playoff.

Championship playoff will begin on 7 May with semifinals, with winners advancing to Final.

Atlètic-Barceloneta won its ninth title in a row (14 in total) after defeating CN Terrassa 3–0 in the Championship Finals.
Château de Ternay
The Château de Ternay in the Loire Valley in the province of Poitou (Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France) was built by the Aviau de Ternay family. In twelfth-century foundations, the present château is the result of building campaigns from the fifteenth to the seventeenth centuries.

Charles Louis d'Arsac, Chevalier de Ternay (1722–1780), styled Chevalier de Ternay, born at the château, escorted the French troops of Rochambeau to join the American Revolution. Felled by a fever, he is buried in Trinity churchyard, Newport, Rhode Island.

Still the seat of the Comte and Comtesse de Ternay, today the château is open for tours and overnight guests.

It has been listed as a Monument historique since 1996.

Poitou
Poitou (UK: /ˈpwʌtuː/ PWUH-too, US: /pwɑːˈtuː/ pwah-TOO, French: [pwatu]; Latin: Pictaviensis, Pictavia; Poitevin: Poetou) was a province of west-central France whose capital city was Poitiers. Both Poitou and Poitiers are named after the Pictones Gallic tribe.
Remineralisation
In biogeochemistry, remineralisation (or remineralization) refers to the breakdown or transformation of organic matter (those molecules derived from a biological source) into its simplest inorganic forms. These transformations form a crucial link within ecosystems as they are responsible for liberating the energy stored in organic molecules and recycling matter within the system to be reused as nutrients by other organisms.

Remineralisation is normally viewed as it relates to the cycling of the major biologically important elements such as carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus. While crucial to all ecosystems, the process receives special consideration in aquatic settings, where it forms a significant link in the biogeochemical dynamics and cycling of aquatic ecosystems.

Aquatic ecosystem
An aquatic ecosystem is an ecosystem found in and around a body of water, in contrast to land-based terrestrial ecosystems. Aquatic ecosystems contain communities of organisms—aquatic life—that are dependent on each other and on their environment. The two main types of aquatic ecosystems are marine ecosystems and freshwater ecosystems. Freshwater ecosystems may be lentic (slow moving water, including pools, ponds, and lakes); lotic (faster moving water, for example streams and rivers); and wetlands (areas where the soil is saturated or inundated for at least part of the time).
Sauropareion
Sauropareion (meaning "lizard cheek") is an extinct genus of basal procolophonid parareptile from earliest Triassic (early Induan stage) deposits of Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. It is known from the holotype SAM PK-11192, skull and partial postcranium. It was collected by the late L. D. Boonstra in 1935 from Barendskraal in the Middelburg District and referred to the Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone of the Beaufort Group (Karoo Basin). It was first named by Sean P. Modesto, Hans-Dieter Sues and Ross J. Damiani in 2001 and the type species is Sauropareion anoplus. The generic name means "lizard", sauros, and  "cheek", pareion from Greek in reference to the lizard-like appearance of the temporal region. The specific name comes from the Greek word anoplos, meaning "without arms or armour".

Induan
The Induan is the first age of the Early Triassic epoch in the geologic timescale, or the lowest stage of the Lower Triassic series in chronostratigraphy. It spans the time between 251.902 Ma and 249.9 Ma (million years ago). The Induan is sometimes divided into the Griesbachian and the Dienerian subages or substages. The Induan is preceded by the Changhsingian (latest Permian) and is followed by the Olenekian.

The Induan is roughly coeval with the regional Feixianguanian Stage of China.
Chondrocranium
The chondrocranium (or cartilaginous neurocranium) is the primitive cartilaginous skeletal structure of the fetal skull that grows to envelop the rapidly growing embryonic brain.

The chondrocranium in different species can vary greatly, but in general it is made up of four components, the sphenoids, occipitals, otic capsules, and nasal capsules.

In humans, the chondrocranium begins forming at 28 days from mesenchymal condensations and is fully formed between week 7 and 9 of fetal development. While the majority of the chondrocranium is succeeded by the bony skull, some components do persist into adulthood. In cartilaginous fishes (e.g. sharks and rays) and agnathans (e.g. lampreys and hagfish), the chondrocranium persists throughout life. Embryologically, the chondrocranium represents the basal cranial structure, and lays the base for the formation of the endocranium.

Hagfish
Hagfish, of the class Myxini /mɪkˈsaɪnaɪ/ (also known as Hyperotreti) and order Myxiniformes /mɪkˈsɪnɪfɔːrmiːz/, are eel-shaped jawless fish (occasionally called slime eels). Hagfish are the only known living animals that have a skull but no vertebral column, although they do have rudimentary vertebrae. Hagfish are marine predators and scavengers that can defend themselves against other larger predators by releasing copious amounts of slime from mucous glands in their skin.

Although their exact relationship to the only other living group of jawless fish, the lampreys, was long the subject of controversy, genetic evidence suggests that hagfish and lampreys are more closely related to each other than to jawed vertebrates, thus forming the superclass Cyclostomi. The oldest-known stem group hagfish are known from the Late Carboniferous, around 310 million years ago, with modern representatives first being recorded in the mid-Cretaceous around 100 million years ago.
British Urban Film Festival
The British Urban Film Festival (BUFF) was formed in July 2005 to showcase urban independent cinema in the absence of any such state-sponsored activity in the UK.

Supported by filmmakers and British actors, the organisation was set up by Emmanuel Anyiam-Osigwe and established as BUFF Enterprises Ltd.

Colourful Radio
Colourful Radio is a UK commercial radio station broadcasting on DAB across London, Birmingham, Manchester as well as online. Colourful Radio's output is split between news, current affairs and urban music hit-list.
Gordon Racing
Gordon Racing was a NASCAR team from 1970–1983.  It was owned by driver Cecil Gordon. The team ran 416 races without winning a single one of them.

Gordon Racing had 29 top 5s, 108 top 10s, 280 top 20s, and 115 Did Not Finishes.  They had an average start of 17.24 and an average finish of 20.8. They led 123 out of a possible 107,152 laps.

Did not finish
In racing, did not finish (DNF) denotes a result of a participant who does not finish a given race, either because of a mechanical failure, injury, or involvement in an accident. This may also be used in cases where the competitor has hit the time limit for the race, especially in speedcubing.

The term is used in:

Automotive racing such as Formula One; NASCAR; IndyCar; off-road racing, including buggy, trucks, kart, and UTVs, both desert and short-track

Motocross and quad racing, both desert and short-track

Horse racing

Competitive cycling

Competitive track and distance running

Competitive snow skiing and snowboarding

Competitive swimming

Speedcubing

Race participants try to avoid receiving a DNF, as some associate it with poor driving.
Santoña, Victoria and Joyel Marshes Natural Park
The Santoña, Victoria and Joyel Marshes Natural Park is an estuary in Cantabria, protected as a natural park. It is one of the wetlands of most ecological value in the north of Spain, and is used as a winter refuge and migratory passage by many species of birds and fishes.

Formed by the Asón River, the park occupies 3,866 hectares, distributed among the municipalities of  Argoños, Bárcena de Cicero, Colindres, Escalante, Laredo, Limpias, Noja, Santoña and Voto.

Nature park
A nature park, or sometimes natural park, is a designation for a protected area by means of long-term land planning, sustainable resource management and limitation of agricultural and real estate developments. These valuable landscapes are preserved in their present ecological state and promoted for ecotourism purposes.

In most countries nature parks are subject to legally regulated protection, which is part of their conservation laws.

In terms of level of protection, a category "Nature Park" is not the same as a "National Park", which is defined by the IUCN and its World Commission on Protected Areas as a category II protected area. 
A "Nature Park" designation, depending on local specifics, falls between category III and category VI according to IUCN categorization, in most cases closer to category VI.
However some nature parks have later been turned into national parks.
New York Ace
New York Ace was an underground newspaper founded in New York City in late 1971 by ex-East Village Other staffers to fill the void created by the demise of the EVO. Ace was published by 21-year-old Rex Weiner and edited by 18-year-old Bob Singer. Published biweekly in tabloid format, the Ace had a print run of 6,000 copies and never succeeded in attracting advertisers.

Staffers included P.J. O'Rourke, Tom Forcade, A.J. Weberman, Jay Kinney, Yossarian, D.A. Latimer, R. Meltzer, Coca Crystal, and Jim Buckley. Steve Heller, art director of Screw magazine, moonlighted as art director of Ace.

Tom Forçade
Thomas King Forçade (born Kenneth Gary Goodson, September 11, 1945 – November 17, 1978) was an American underground journalist and cannabis rights activist in the 1970s. He was the founder of High Times magazine and for many years ran the Underground Press Syndicate (later called the Alternative Press Syndicate)

Forçade published several other publications, such as Stoned, National Weed, Dealer and others, that, veiled as counterculture entertainment magazines, were laced with humor and savvy coverage of politics and popular culture, and served as a forum for some of the industry's best writers and artists. Many of Forçade's publications' writers went on to be published in premiere papers and magazines in North America.