hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Waits River, Vermont
Waits River is a village in the town of Topsham, Vermont. Located alongside a river of the same name, the village of Waits River is made up of a number of residential homes, several barns and sheds, and a white Methodist church. Waits River Schoolhouse, an early 20th century building which is now a private residence, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.

Photographs of the village during the foliage season have been popular since at least the 1960s, and scenic images of the village have appeared in jigsaw puzzles, calendars and postcards. Postcards of this type have been published since at least 1914.

A winter photograph of Waits River is featured on the cover of the 1959 album The Sounds of Christmas by Fred Waring and the Pennsylvanians.

Topsham, Vermont
Topsham /ˈtɒpsəm/ is a town in Orange County, Vermont, United States. The population was 1,199 at the 2020 census. It contains four villages: East Topsham, Topsham Four Corners, Waits River, and West Topsham.
Jos Wohlfart
Joseph "Jos" Wohlfart (5 June 1920 – 5 July 2000) was a Luxembourgish politician.  A member of the Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party (LSAP), Wohlfart held office at local, national, and supranational level.

In 1950, Wohlfart was elected to the communal council of Lorentzweiler, on which he served for over two decades, including a period as mayor (1961 – 74).  He was elected to the Chamber of Deputies in 1954.  Wohlfart sat in the Thorn Ministry as the Minister for the Interior from 1974 until 1979.  In 1988, on the death of Lydie Schmit, Wohlfart succeeded as one of Luxembourg's six Members of the European Parliament, in which capacity he served until the 1989 election.

He is the father of Georges Wohlfart, a fellow politician and government minister.

Thorn-Vouel-Berg Government
The Thorn-Vouel-Berg Government was the government of Luxembourg between 15 June 1974 and 16 July 1979.  It was led by, and named after, Prime Minister Gaston Thorn. Throughout the term, Thorn's Democratic Party formed a coalition with the Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party (LSAP).  At first, the Deputy Prime Minister was Raymond Vouel, but he left to become European Commissioner in 1976, and was replaced by Bernard Berg.

The Ministry was formed after the election of 1974, which saw the Christian Social People's Party (CSV) remain the largest single party, but without a majority of seats in the legislature.
Richard Tompkins
Granville Richard Francis Tompkins CBE (15 May 1918 – 6 December 1992) was a British print, advertising and retail entrepreneur, best known for founding the Green Shield Stamps company, as well as the Argos chain of catalogue stores which became one of the largest retailers in the United Kingdom, and a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index.

Catalog merchant
A catalog merchant (catalogue merchant in Commonwealth English) or catalog showroom is a form of retailing in which consumers select items from a catalog, inspect display samples in a public showroom, then submit written orders for immediate fulfillment from an attached warehouse which is closed to the public.  The typical catalog merchant sells a wide variety of household and personal products, with many emphasizing jewelry.  Unlike most retail formats, the vast majority of the merchandise remains in the warehouse space and is therefore immune to shoplifting because it cannot be touched by consumers outside of the presence of a cashier.
Istituto Maffei
Istituto Maffei, officially called Liceo Statale 'Scipione Maffei', is one of the oldest high schools in Italy. It is situated in the center of Verona in northern Italy.

It is a grammar school, with students who focus on the classics and can choose different paths: communication, or languages.
Students who choose the first path study Latin, Ancient Greek, Mathematics, Biology, Physics, Chemistry, Philosophy, History, Geography, Italian and Italian literature, English and English literature, I.T, Law and Economy. Students who, on the other hand choose the second path study the same subjects (apart from Ancient Greek) plus some other modern languages like French, Spanish or German.

It was officially founded in 1808 under the name "Liceo con Convitto", although it was actually already in operation in 1805. Then in 1867 it was renamed "Regio Liceo Scipione Maffei", after an Italian writer and art critic, author of many articles and plays.

Francesco Scipione Maffei
Francesco Scipione Maffei FRS (Italian: [franˈtʃesko ʃʃiˈpjoːne mafˈfɛi]; 1 June 1675 – 11 February 1755) was an Italian writer and art critic, author of many articles and plays. An antiquarian with a humanist education whose publications on Etruscan antiquities stand as incunables of Etruscology, he engaged in running skirmishes in print with his rival in the field of antiquities, Antonio Francesco Gori.
Robert Pomakov
Robert Pomakov (born February 25, 1981) is a Canadian operatic bass.

Born in Toronto, Ontario, Pomakov graduated from St. Michael's Choir School, Toronto, in 1999. In the summer of 1999 he attended the summer conservatory program at the Music Academy of the West. He later studied at the Curtis Institute of Music. He performed at the inaugural Luminato festival in Toronto.

Pomakov's first appeared in 2013 at the Metropolitan Opera in New York as Monterone in Verdi's Rigoletto.

Luminato
The Luminato Festival, Toronto's International Festival of Arts and Ideas, is an annual celebration of the arts in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, launched in 2007. In its first decade, Luminato presented over 3,000 performances featuring 11,000 artists from over 40 countries and has commissioned over 80 new works of art.
Goliath Awaits
Goliath Awaits is a 1981 American made-for-television action adventure science fiction thriller film originally broadcast in two parts in November 1981 on various stations as a part of Operation Prime Time's syndicated programming. It is about an ocean liner sunk by a German U-boat in 1939 whose wreck is discovered in 1981, with over 300 survivors and their descendants living in an air bubble inside the ship.

Mark Harmon
Thomas Mark Harmon (born September 2, 1951) is an American actor, writer, producer, television director and former football player. He is best known for playing the lead role of Leroy Jethro Gibbs on NCIS.

He has appeared in a wide variety of television roles since the early 1970s, including as Dr. Robert Caldwell on St. Elsewhere, Detective Dicky Cobb on Reasonable Doubts, and Dr. Jack McNeil on Chicago Hope. He also starred in such films as Summer School, Prince of Bel Air, Stealing Home, Wyatt Earp, Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas, Crossfire Trail, Local Boys, Freaky Friday, and Chasing Liberty.

Harmon played Secret Service special agent Simon Donovan in a four-episode story arc in The West Wing in 2002, receiving an Emmy Award nomination for the role. Harmon's character of NCIS Special Agent Leroy Jethro Gibbs was introduced in a guest starring role in two episodes of JAG. From 2003 to 2021, Harmon starred in the spinoff NCIS as the same character.
Dendropsophus nanus
Dendropsophus nanus, commonly known as dwarf treefrog, is a species of frog in the family Hylidae.

It is found in northern Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, eastern Bolivia, Brazil, French Guiana, and Suriname. It is very common frog occurring in many habitat types and adapting well to anthropogenic disturbance. It inhabits herbaceous vegetation at the edge of standing water. Breeding takes place in temporary waterbodies.

The diet of Argentinean Dendropsophus nanus was found to consist mostly of dipterans and spiders. During the cold periods, these frogs partly rely on their fat reserves, more so than sympatric Hypsiboas pulchellus.

Hylidae
Hylidae is a wide-ranging family of frogs commonly referred to as "tree frogs and their allies". However, the hylids include a diversity of frog species, many of which do not live in trees, but are terrestrial or semiaquatic.
Pope Julius (card game)
Pope Julius, or Pope July, is a gambling card game of the 16th century for four or more players. Players included King Henry VIII and it appears to have been one of his and Anne Boleyn's favourite pastimes.

Very little is known about the game, and its existence is known to be attested only by three written sources, those being:

c. 1521 - John Skelton, Speke, parrot
Of Pope Julius cardys he ys chefe cardynall.

1532 - anon, Privy Purse Expences of King Henry VIII (30 November 1532)
Itm the xx daye delifed to the kingf grace at Stone whiche his grace loste at pope Julius game to my lady marques, m! Bryan and maister Weston

c. 1596 - Sir John Harington, A Treatise on Playe, in Nugae antiquae (1769)
Pope Julio (if I fail not in the name, and sure I am that there is a game of the cards after his name) was a great and wary player, a great vertue in a man of his profession

Some sources speculate that it was the precursor to the game of Pope Joan.

John Harington (writer)
Sir John Harington (4 August 1560 – 20 November 1612), of Kelston, Somerset, England, but born in London, was an English courtier, author and translator popularly known as the inventor of the flush toilet. He became prominent at Queen Elizabeth I's court, and was known as her "saucy Godson", but his poetry and other writings caused him to fall in and out of favour with the Queen. He was the author of the description of a flush-toilet forerunner installed in his Kelston house, appearing in A New Discourse of a Stale Subject, called the Metamorphosis of Ajax (1596), a political allegory and coded attack on the monarchy which is nowadays his best-known work.
Vermilacinia leonis
Vermilacinia leonis is a fruticose lichen usually found on branches of shrubs in the fog regions along the Pacific Coast of North America and South America; in North America it is found on the southern half of the main peninsula of Baja California north to the southern coast of the Vizcaíno Peninsula. In South America, it occurs on bushes and rocks in Chile; reported from Colchaqua (Valley) and Santiago   The epithet is in regard to absence of the black transverse bands often seen in other species such as V. leopardina, V. tigrina and V. zebrina.

Soredium
Soredia are common reproductive structures of lichens.  Lichens reproduce asexually by employing simple fragmentation and production of soredia and isidia. Soredia are powdery propagules composed of fungal hyphae wrapped around cyanobacteria or green algae. These can be either scattered diffusely across the surface of the lichen's thallus, or produced in localized structures called soralia. Fungal hyphae make up the basic body structure of a lichen. The soredia are released through openings in the upper cortex of the lichen structure. After their release, the soredia disperse to establish the lichen in a new location.
Diversion (play)
Diversion is a 1927 play by the British writer John Van Druten. It was first staged in the United States at the Lyceum Theatre in Rochester before beginning a 68 run performance at the 49th Street Theatre in 1928. In London it ran for a combined 101 performances at the Arts Theatre and Little Theatre between 26 September and 22 December 1928. The cast included Maurice Evans, C.V. France, Cathleen Nesbitt and Mignon O'Doherty.

49th Street Theatre
The 49th Street Theatre (later renamed Cinema 49) was a Broadway theater at 235 West 49th Street in the Theater District of Manhattan in New York City. The 750-seat neo-Renaissance style theater was designed by the architect Herbert J. Krapp for the Shubert Organization. It opened on December 26, 1921, with a performance of Face Value, a comedy by Laurence Grass. Although it had some popular productions, such as the revue La Chauve-Souris and the Aaron Hoffman play Give and Take, the venue was one of the Shuberts' less successful locations. They lost control of the property during the Great Depression. It continued to operate as a playhouse until April 1938. The final theatrical performance at the venue was a production of Henrik Ibsen's The Wild Duck. The venue was then converted to show movies and reopened as Cinema 49. The cinema was also unsuccessful and closed in 1940; the building was demolished that December.
French ship Molène
Molène was a French transport ship which was built as the German fishing trawler Köln in 1937. She was requisitioned by the Kriegsmarine during the Second World War. She was used as a minesweeper under the Pennant numbers M 1405 and M 4416, and later as the Vorpostenboot V 624 Köln. Severely damaged by a mine in 1943, she was laid up. She was seized by the French post war and entered service with the French Navy as Molène. She was sold out of service in 1963.

Fishing trawler
A fishing trawler is a commercial fishing vessel designed to operate fishing trawls. Trawling is a method of fishing that involves actively dragging or pulling a trawl through the water behind one or more trawlers. Trawls are fishing nets that are pulled along the bottom of the sea or in midwater at a specified depth. A trawler may also operate two or more trawl nets simultaneously (double-rig and multi-rig).

There are many variants of trawling gear. They vary according to local traditions, bottom conditions, and how large and powerful the trawling boats are. A trawling boat can be a small open boat with only 30 horsepower (22 kW) or a large factory ship with 10,000 horsepower (7457 kW). Trawl variants include beam trawls, large-opening midwater trawls, and large bottom trawls, such as "rock hoppers" that are rigged with heavy rubber wheels that let the net crawl over rocky bottom.
HMS Avon Vale
HMS Avon Vale (pennant number L06) was an escort destroyer of the Hunt Type II class. The Royal Navy ordered Avon Vale's construction three days after the outbreak of the Second World War. John Brown Shipbuilding & Engineering Company Ltd laid down her keel at their Clydebank yard on 12 February 1940, as Admiralty Job Number J1569. After a successful Warship Week national savings campaign in February 1942, Avon Vale was adopted by the civil community of Trowbridge, Wiltshire.

Warship Week
Warship Weeks were British National savings campaigns during the Second World War, with the aim of a Royal Navy warship being adopted by a civil community. During the early parts of the war, the Royal Navy not only had lost many capital ships but was facing increasing pressure to provide escorts for convoys in the Atlantic. While there was not a shortage of sailors, ships sunk by enemy action had to be replaced.

The equivalent for the British Army was Salute the Soldier Week and the equivalent for the Royal Air Force was Wings for Victory Week.
Daniella Carmi
Daniella Carmi (Hebrew: דניאלה כרמי; born on September 1, 1941) is an Israeli novelist who writes in Hebrew and French. She writes drama, screenplays and books for adults, children and youth. Her books were translated ion many languages.

She was born it Tel Aviv to a family of French speaking Polish-born Jewish parents, Ruth and Adam Kotov, who came to Israel in the 1930s. It her youth her mother was a communist. Her father was a member of the Hashomer Hatzair. Before coming to Israel the family lived in Belgium, France, and Algeria.

She earned degrees in philosophy and communication at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. She began writing in 1978, which was a TV script on a suggestion from Ram Loevy, a dramatization of the novella Khirbet Khize (חרבת חיזעה) by S. Yizhar.

Most  of her novels are  tied to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.

She was married to Menachem Carmi (divorced) and they  had two daughters and son.

S. Yizhar
Yizhar Smilansky (Hebrew: יִזְהָר סְמִילַנְסְקִי; 27 September 1916 – 21 August 2006), known by his pen name S. Yizhar (ס. יִזְהָר‎), was an Israeli writer and politician. Widely regarded as one of the preeminent figures in Israeli literature, he was awarded the Israel Prize in 1959 for fine literature. He was also awarded several other prizes of national distinction. In his political life, Yizhar served in the Knesset under Mapai almost continuously from 1949–1967.
Nippenburg
Nippenburg, both the ruined castle built on a mountain spur overlooking the Glems river valley and the farming village it was constructed in, is located 295 m above sea level (NN) and 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) from Stuttgart's city center near the town of Schwieberdingen. The oldest record of Nippenburg's existence is from the Codex Hirsaugiensis of 1160, making it among the oldest castles in the vicinity of Stuttgart. Today, all that remains of the castle is the high curtain wall and outer bailey and a large barn built in 1483, thanks to a short-lived effort in the early 1980s to restore these structures.

Normalnull
Normalnull ("standard zero") or Normal-Null (short N. N. or NN) is an outdated official vertical datum used in Germany. Elevations using this reference system were to be marked Meter über Normal-Null (“meters above standard zero”). Normalnull has been replaced by Normalhöhennull (NHN).
ARMulator
ARM Instruction Set Simulator, also known as ARMulator, is one of the software development tools provided by  the development systems business unit of ARM Limited to all users of ARM-based chips. It owes its heritage to the early development of the instruction set by Sophie Wilson.  Part of this heritage is still visible in the provision of a Tube BBC Micro model in ARMulator.

Sophie Wilson
Sophie Mary Wilson (born Roger Wilson; June 1957) is an English computer scientist, a co-designer of the instruction set for the ARM architecture.

Wilson first designed a microcomputer during a break from studies at Selwyn College, Cambridge. She subsequently joined Acorn Computers and was instrumental in designing the BBC Microcomputer, including the BBC BASIC programming language. She first began designing the ARM reduced instruction set computer (RISC) in 1983, which entered production two years later. It became popular in embedded systems and is now the most widely used processor architecture in smartphones. In 2011, she was listed in Maximum PC as number 8 in an article titled "The 15 Most Important Women in Tech History". She was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 2019.
Northern Elements Progressive Union
The Northern Elements Progressive Union (NEPU) was the first political party in Northern Nigeria. Founded in Kano on 8 August 1950, it was the offshoot of a pre-existing political association called the Northern Elements Progressive Association. It became the main opposition party in Northern Nigeria after the region was granted self-governance in the 1950s. In the First Republic it maintained a steady alliance with Zikist National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons (NCNC) against the Northern People's Congress (NPC)-dominated Federal Government.

Zikism
Zikism is the system of political thought attributed to Nnamdi Azikiwe ("Zik"), one of the founding fathers of modern Nigeria and the first President of Nigeria. Azikiwe expanded on this philosophy through his published works, such as Renascent Africa (1973) and his autobiography My Odyssey.

Zikism also spurred a group of young men to take a militant stand against colonial rule in Nigeria.
HMS St James
Two ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS St James:

HMS St James (1625) was a ship captured in 1625 and listed until 1628.

HMS St. James (D65) was a Battle-class destroyer launched in 1945 and scrapped in 1961.

Battle-class destroyer
The Battle class were a class of destroyers of the British Royal Navy (RN) and Royal Australian Navy (RAN), named after naval or other battles fought by British or English forces. Built in three groups, the first group were ordered under the 1942 naval estimates. A modified second and third group, together with two ships of an extended design were planned for the 1943 and 1944 estimates. Most of these ships were cancelled when it became apparent that the war was being won and the ships would not be required, although two ships of the third group, ordered for the RAN, were not cancelled and were subsequently completed in Australia.

Seven Battles were commissioned before the end of World War II, but only Barfleur saw action, with the British Pacific Fleet.
Trade unions in Costa Rica
Trade unions in Costa Rica advocate for the rights of workers in Costa Rica. Dating back to the late 1800s, labor unions in the country have been a political force. They remain active in political and social life for many Costa Ricans.

Citizens' Action Party (Costa Rica)
The Citizens' Action Party (Spanish: Partido Acción Ciudadana; commonly abbreviated as PAC) is a political party in Costa Rica.

Its platform is based on encouraging citizen participation and involvement in politics. One of its guiding ideals is to fight against corruption, arguing that it is one of the main causes of underdevelopment and voter apathy. The party took a leading role in the failed campaign against Costa Rica's membership of the Central American Free Trade Agreement.
William Mitchell Grundy
William Mitchell Grundy (1881–1960) was an English headmaster.

W M Grundy (born 13 November 1881) was the son of William Grundy, dean and fellow of Worcester College, Oxford, and headmaster of Malvern College, William Mitchell Grundy was educated at Malvern College and was elected Bible clerk at All Souls College, Oxford. He was headmaster of Abingdon School for 34 years (1913–47), having been classical sixth-form master at Oakham School and housemaster at Loretto School. On retiring, the school built a cottage on site for him, called Heathcot, and the Upper Library was named after him as the Grundy Library in 1963 which was opened by Princess Margaret during the same year.

Grundy was a member of Berkshire County Council (1922–31 and 1949–55) and Abingdon Borough Council (1947–54). At Oxford he played chess for the university (1901–03) as well as golf (1903–04). He died on 16 November 1960.

All Souls College, Oxford
All Souls College (official name: The College of All Souls of the Faithful Departed, of Oxford) is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in England. Unique to All Souls, all of its members automatically become fellows (i.e., full members of the college's governing body). It has no student members, but each year, recent graduates are eligible to apply for a small number of examination fellowships through a competitive examination (once described as "the hardest exam in the world") and, for those shortlisted after the examinations, an interview.

The college entrance is on the north side of High Street, whilst it has a long frontage onto Radcliffe Square. To its east is The Queen's College, whilst Hertford College is to the north of All Souls.

The current warden (head of the college) is Sir John Vickers, a graduate of Oriel College, Oxford.
Hans Speckaert
Hans Speckaert (c. 1540 – c. 1577) was a Flemish Renaissance painter who was active in Italy.  He is known for his portraits, history paintings and his many drawings.  The artist was one of the earliest representatives of Northern Mannerism. His fluid and elegant drawing style exerted an important influence on contemporary Northern artists.

Karel van Mander
Karel van Mander (I) or Carel van Mander I (May 1548 – 2 September 1606) was a Flemish painter, playwright, poet, art historian and art theoretician, who established himself in the Dutch Republic in the latter part of his life.  He is mainly remembered as a biographer of Early Netherlandish painters and Northern Renaissance artists in his Schilder-boeck.  As an artist and art theoretician he played a significant role in the spread and development of Northern Mannerism in the Dutch Republic.