hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rationing (film)
Rationing is a 1944 American comedy film about governmental restrictions on the sale of food, fuel, and other consumer items and services in the United States during World War II. Directed by Willis Goldbeck and distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, the production stars Wallace Beery and features Marjorie Main.

Rationing in the United States
Rationing in the United States was introduced in stages during World War II, with the last of the restrictions ending in June 1946. In the wake of the 1973 Oil Crisis, gas stations across the country enacted different rationing policies and standby rationing plans were introduced.
Marmara pomonella
Marmara pomonella, the apple fruitminer, is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Canada and the United States (Oregon and Maine).

The larvae feed on Malus species (including Malus pumila and Malus sylvestris) and Pyrus species.

Malus sylvestris
Malus sylvestris, the European crab apple, also known as the European wild apple or simply the crab apple, is a species of the genus Malus. Its scientific name means "forest apple", reflecting its habitat. It is native to western Eurasia.
Ciobanu (surname)
Ciobanu is a Romanian surname, common in Romania and Moldova. Notable persons with the surname include:

Ghenadie Ciobanu (born 1957), Moldovan politician

Gheorghe Ciobanu (1909–1995), Romanian ethnomusicologist and Byzantine specialist

Gheorghe Ciobanu (21st century), Moldovan politician

Ilarion Ciobanu (1931–2008), Romanian actor

Ion Constantin Ciobanu (1927–2001), Moldovan writer

Maia Ciobanu (born 1952), Romanian composer

Mihaela Ciobanu (born 1973), Romanian-Spanish handball player

Nelly Ciobanu (born 1974), Moldovan singer

Radu Ciobanu (born 1975), Romanian footballer

Sebastian Ciobanu (born 1985), Romanian kickboxer

Ștefan Ciobanu (born 1979), Romanian footballer

Ștefan Ciobanu (1883–1950), Bessarabian and Romanian politician

Vitalie Ciobanu (born 1964), Moldovan journalist

Vladimir Ciobanu (born 1953), Moldovan politician

Nelly Ciobanu
Nelea Ciobanu-Mărgineanu (born 28 October 1974), known professionally as Nelly Ciobanu (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈneli tʃjoˈbanu]), is a Moldovan singer. Ciobanu graduated from music college of the city of Tiraspol and later made her debut on stage in 1993, with her brother as part of duo "Master Dinamit". She represented Moldova in the Eurovision Song Contest 2009 with the song "Hora din Moldova", placing 14th.
Asaddor Ali
Mohammad Asaddor Ali (Bengali: মুহম্মদ আসাদ্দর আলী) was a Bangladeshi writer, researcher and historian. His research primarily focused on the history of Sylhet. Due to his achievements, he was awarded the Bangla Academy Literary Award in 2004. His research discovered unknown information about Sylheti folk literature, and he wrote 19 books relating to it.

Kendriya Muslim Sahitya Sangsad
Kendriya Muslim Sahitya Sangsad (Bengali: কেন্দ্রীয় মুসলিম সাহিত্য সংসদ) (Sylhet Central Muslim Literary Society) is a literary organisation located in Sylhet, Bangladesh. It is one of the oldest organisations of its kind in the Indian sub-continent and the oldest in Bangladesh. It was founded on 16 September 1936 by Muhammad Nurul Haque. It has the largest non-government collection of books, magazines, inscriptions etc. Some of them date back to the 13th century AD.

The former presidents of the organisation include many writers, critics and poets from Sylhet such as Syed Mujtaba Ali, Dewan Mohammad Azraf and Dilwar Khan.
2004 V8 Supercar Championship Series
The 2004 V8 Supercar Championship Series was an Australian racing series for V8 Supercars. It began on 21 March 2004 at the Adelaide Street Circuit and ended on 5 December at Eastern Creek Raceway after 13 rounds. It was the sixth running of the V8 Supercar Championship Series. The series winner was also awarded the 45th Australian Touring Car Championship title by the Confederation of Australian Motor Sport.

The championship was won by Marcos Ambrose of the Stone Brothers Racing.

Motorsport Australia
Motorsport Australia, formerly the Confederation of Australian Motor Sport (CAMS), is the nationally recognised governing and sanctioning body for four-wheeled motorsport in Australia. It is affiliated with the Federation Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA).
1941 October Revolution Parade
The 1941 October Revolution Parade of November 7, 1941 was a parade in honor of the October Revolution 24 years earlier. It is most famous for taking place during the Battle of Moscow. The Communist Party General Secretary, Joseph Stalin, delivered a speech to the soldiers on the parade on Red Square, who would go to battle immediately after the parade. Many of the soldiers on the parade would be killed in battle. Every year in modern Russia, November 7th is a holiday in honor of the 1941 parade as a substitute for celebration of the October Revolution, as a Day of Military Honour.

Parades held on that year that are more memorable are the parades in Moscow's Red Square and in Kuybyshev Square, Samara (formerly Kuybyshev in the Soviet period). Both are marked today by commemorative parades to honor their historical importance.

Kuybyshev Square
Kuybyshev Square (Russian: Площадь Куйбышева, Ploshad' Kuybysheva) is a public square in Samara, Russia, located in the city's historic center between Chapaevskaya, Vilonovska, Galaktionovskaya, and Krasnoarmeyskaya streets in Leninsky District. Kuybyshev Square is one of the largest city squares in the world at fifteen hectares (150,000m²), and is the second largest public square in Russia and in Europe. The Samara State Academic Opera and Ballet Theatre and public gardens covering seven hectares are located on the square.
Baden 9 Kreuzer error
The Baden 9 Kreuzer Error (German: Baden-Fehldruck 9 Kreuzer) is a postage stamp error produced by the historical German state of Baden in 1851.

Baden's first postage stamps were issued on 1 May 1851. The "9 Kreuzer Green" stamp was a color misprint of the 9 Kreuzer denomination that was printed in green instead of pink. The green color was intended for the 6 Kreuzer value, but apparently, the paper sheets were mismatched. Only three cancelled copies and one unused copy of this error are known, but more sheets of paper may have been printed. The cancellations recorded have the numbers "4" for Achern, "41" for Ettenheim, and "106" for Orschweier (today Mahlberg). Two of the known copies are on letters.

Kreuzer
The Kreuzer (German: [ˈkʁɔʏtsɐ] ⓘ), in English also spelled kreutzer (/ˈkrɔɪtsər/ KROYT-sər), was a coin and unit of currency in the southern German states prior to the introduction of the German gold mark in 1871–1873, and in Austria and Switzerland.  After 1760 it was made of copper. In south Germany the kreuzer was typically worth 4 Pfennige and there were 60 Kreuzer to a gulden. Kreuzer was abbreviated as  Kr, kr, K or Xr.
Daniel Branda
Daniel Branda (born 20 February 1976) is a Czech former professional ice hockey forward who played in the Czech Extraliga (ELH) for HC Litvínov, HC Slavia Praha, HC Sparta Praha, HC Plzeň, and HC Kladno. He also played in the Russian Superleague (RSL) for HC Sibir Novosibirsk.

Russian Superleague
The Russian Superleague (Russian: Чемпионат России Суперлига, Russian Championship Superleague), commonly abbreviated as RSL, was the highest division of the main professional ice hockey league in Russia. It was considered the second-best league in the world, after the National Hockey League (NHL) of North America. It was a part of the Russian Pro Hockey League which was composed of three divisions — the Superleague, Major League (Vysshaya Liga), and First League (Pervaya Liga).

The league was rebranded after the 2007–08 season as the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). The KHL absorbed all 20 teams from the previous RSL season, for a total of 24 for its inaugural campaign.
Taille (instrument)
The taille, also called the taille de hautbois or the alto oboe, was a Baroque alto oboe pitched in F. It had a straight body, an open bell, and two keys.

The instrument was first used in Alcidiane by Jean-Baptiste Lully in 1658 and in French ensembles known as the bandes de hautbois, in which it played the inner lines of polyphonic compositions. J.S. Bach employed it when a low-pitched oboe sound was needed to double the viola parts in several of his cantatas, but almost exclusively in movements of a jubilant or otherwise loud nature due to its having had a more piercing sound than that of the cor anglais.

Today, the instrument is rare outside period ensembles, and a cor anglais is commonly substituted. However, the period-instrument movement has seen a revival of the taille, with a number of makers now producing reproductions of classic examples.

The term was also later applied to any instrument that played the tenor part in an orchestra, e.g. the tenor viol or viola.

Jean-Baptiste Lully
Jean-Baptiste Lully born Giovanni Battista Lulli (28 or 29 November [O.S. 18 or 19 November] 1632 – 22 March 1687) was an Italian-French composer, dancer and instrumentalist, who is considered a master of the French Baroque music style. Best known for his operas, he spent most of his life working in the court of Louis XIV and became a French subject in 1661. He was a close friend of the playwright Molière, with whom he collaborated on numerous comédie-ballets, including L'Amour médecin, George Dandin ou le Mari confondu, Monsieur de Pourceaugnac, Psyché and his best known work, Le Bourgeois gentilhomme.
Laser & Photonics Reviews
Laser & Photonics Reviews is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research on all aspects of optical science. It is published by Wiley-VCH and contains reviews and original papers/letters. The journal was established in 2007 by the founding editor-in-chief Theodor W. Hänsch (LMU Munich). Originally, the journal only published review articles. Since 2012, it also contains original papers and letters.

According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2023 impact factor of 9.8.

Wiley-VCH
Wiley-VCH is a German publisher owned by John Wiley & Sons. It was founded in 1921 as Verlag Chemie (meaning "Chemistry Press": VCH stands for Verlag Chemie) by two German learned societies. Later, it was merged into the German Chemical Society (GDCh). In 1991, VCH acquired Akademie Verlag. It has been owned by John Wiley & Sons since 1996. The humanities section of Akademie Verlag and the Akademie brand were sold in 1997 to R. Oldenbourg Verlag, while VCH retained the natural sciences catalog.
Narc (film)
Narc is a 2002 American neo-noir crime thriller film written and directed by Joe Carnahan, and starring Jason Patric and Ray Liotta (who also co-produced). The plot revolves around the efforts of two police detectives in search of the murderer of an undercover police officer. As they investigate, they engage in unethical behavior and uncover dark secrets that will challenge their fragile relationship.

The film premiered at the 2002 Sundance Film Festival, where it was nominated for the Grand Jury Prize. It received a limited release by Paramount Pictures on December 20, 2002, before expanding to a wide release on January 10, 2003. It was well-received by critics and a financial success, earning three Independent Spirit Award nominations, including Best Director.

Cover (intelligence gathering)
A cover in foreign, military or police human intelligence or counterintelligence is the ostensible identity and role or position in an infiltrated organization assumed by a covert agent during a covert operation.
Motor City Labor League
The Motor City Labor League or Motor City Labor Coalition was a labor organization based in Detroit, Michigan, U.S. It adhered to a form of Marxism–Leninism and operated under the principle of democratic centralism.

It was the white counterpart of the League of Revolutionary Black Workers.

Besides work in among Detroit's working class, it focused on organizing against the war in Vietnam, supporting  radical organizing in local unions, opposition to STRESS, a Detroit police unit known for police brutality. Electorally, it successfully worked to get one of its members, lawyer Justin C. Ravitz, to Detroit's Recorder's Court.

Recorder's Court (Detroit)
The Recorder's Court, in Detroit, Michigan, was a state court of limited jurisdiction which had, for most of its history, exclusive jurisdiction over traffic and ordinance matters, and over all felony cases committed in the City of Detroit. Its jurisdiction did not extend to civil suits.

It was merged into the Wayne County Circuit Court, the general jurisdiction court in Wayne County, following the pattern of the rest of the state of Michigan in October 1997.
13 (Denzel Curry EP)
13 is an EP by American rapper Denzel Curry, released on June 26, 2017, by PH Recordings and Loma Vista Recordings. The EP features guest appearances by Ronny J and Lil Ugly Mane. It also features production by FNZ, Eric Dingus, Vae Cortez, and Ronny J, among others.

The EP serves as a prelude to his third studio album, Ta13oo, released in July 2018.

Worst Behavior
"Worst Behavior" is a song by Canadian recording artist Drake from his third studio album Nothing Was the Same (2013). "Worst Behavior" was produced by DJ Dahi, and was written by Drake, Anthony Palman, DJ Dahi, and Detail. The song peaked at number 89 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. On June 9, 2014, the song was serviced to urban contemporary radio in the United Kingdom as the album's seventh single.
Las Cruces Biological Station
The Las Cruces Biological Station / Wilson Botanical Garden is located in the southern Puntarenas province of Costa Rica,  and is the newest of the three research stations operated by the Organization for Tropical Studies (OTS).  Las Cruces includes a biological research station, tourist facilities, and the botanical gardens started by Robert and Catherine Wilson, and bequeathed to OTS.

Las Cruces is located in a mountainous region at an elevation of approximately 1,000 meters above sea level (m.a.s.l.).  Surrounded mostly by pastures, coffee plantations and other agricultural areas, Las Cruces includes a relatively small 270 Ha forest fragment that ranges from 900–1300 m.a.s.l.  As such, much of the research conducted here focuses on agroecology or studies of forest fragmentation.

Province
A province is an administrative division within a country or state. The term derives from the ancient Roman provincia, which was the major territorial and administrative unit of the Roman Empire's territorial possessions outside Italy. The term province has since been adopted by many countries. In some countries with no actual provinces, "the provinces" is a metaphorical term meaning "outside the capital city".

While some provinces were produced artificially by colonial powers, others were formed around local groups with their own ethnic identities. Many have their own powers independent of central or federal authority, especially in Canada and Turkey. In other countries, like China or France, provinces are the creation of central government, with very little autonomy.
Formal Approaches to Slavic Linguistics
The Annual Workshop on Formal Approaches to Slavic Linguistics (abbreviated FASL, pronounced [ˈfæsəl]) is one of the most reputable international academic conferences in the field of formal Slavic linguistics. Each meeting is hosted by a United States or Canada university in May. From the beginning through FASL 27, the proceedings were published by Michigan Slavic Publications of University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, MI. From FASL 28 on, the proceedings are published as an extra issue of Journal of Slavic Linguistics.

Lists of American universities and colleges
Below are links to lists of institutions of higher education in the United States (colleges and universities) by geography and other criteria, as well as lists of American institutions located outside the United States and its territories.
János Fogarasi
János Fogarasi (1801 – 1878) was a Hungarian jurist and philologist, born at Kázsmárk,  Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County in northeastern Hungary.

In 1829, he was admitted to the bar, in 1848 became Councilor in the Hungarian Finance Ministry, and subsequently President of the Council of Commerce and a judge of the Supreme Court. He wrote on Hungarian jurisprudence and finance (The Hungarian Law of Trade and Exchange, 1840; The Hungarian Bank, 1848),  but is best known for the great Dictionary of the Hungarian Language (six volumes, 1861–1874), prepared under the auspices of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (from 1861 to 1866 in collaboration with Gergely Czuczor).  This work is very inclusive and continues to be regarded as standard, despite the fact that it often is at variance with the principles of modern philology.

Bar association
A bar association is a professional association of lawyers as generally organized in countries following the Anglo-American types of jurisprudence. The word bar is derived from the old English/European custom of using a physical railing (bar) to separate the area in which court or legal profession business is done from the viewing area for the general public or students of the law.

Some bar associations are responsible for the regulation of the legal profession in their jurisdiction; others are professional organizations dedicated to serving their members; in many cases, they are both. In many Commonwealth jurisdictions, the bar association comprises lawyers who are qualified as barristers or advocates in particular, versus solicitors (see bar council). Membership in bar associations may be mandatory (necessary to practice law) or optional (voluntary) for practicing attorneys, depending on jurisdiction.
The Fabulous Allan Carr
The Fabulous Allan Carr is a 2017 American documentary film from filmmaker Jeffrey Schwarz. The film details the story of Hollywood producer Allan Carr, famous for producing Grease, Can't Stop the Music, La Cage aux Folles, and the 1989 Academy Awards. The film made its debut at the 2017 Seattle International Film Festival (SIFF).

Can't Stop the Music
Can't Stop the Music is a 1980 American musical comedy film directed by Nancy Walker in her only directed featured film. Written by Allan Carr and Bronté Woodard, the film is a pseudo-biography of the 1970s disco group the Village People loosely based on the actual story of how the group formed. The film also stars Valerie Perrine, Caitlyn Jenner in her film debut, Steve Guttenberg, Paul Sand, Tammy Grimes, June Havoc, Barbara Rush, Altovise Davis, Marilyn Sokol and The Ritchie Family in their only film.

Produced by Thorn EMI Screen Entertainment (formerly EMI Films), distributed by independent distributor Associated Film Distribution (AFD), the film was released after disco's peak. It received largely negative reviews from critics and was a box office bomb. Alongside Xanadu, Can't Stop the Music is known for inspiring the creation of the Golden Raspberry Awards, winning the first Razzies for Worst Picture and Worst Screenplay at the 1st Golden Raspberry Awards.
Caboc
Caboc is a Scottish cream cheese, made with double cream or cream-enriched milk. This rennet-free cheese is formed into a log shape and rolled in toasted pinhead oatmeal, to be served with oatcakes or dry toast.

Oatcake
An oatcake is a type of flatbread similar to a cracker or biscuit, or in some versions takes the form of a pancake.  They are prepared with oatmeal as the primary ingredient, and sometimes include plain or wholemeal flour as well. Oatcakes are cooked on a griddle (girdle in Scots) or baked in an oven.
Oyo Rooms
OYO Rooms (stylised as OYO), formerly known as OYO Hotels & Homes, is an Indian multinational hospitality chain owned by PRISM which operates leased and franchised hotels, homes, and living spaces. It is headquartered in Gurgaon, Haryana. Founded in 2012 by Ritesh Agarwal, OYO initially consisted mainly of budget hotels. As of January 2020, it has more than 43,000 properties and 1 million rooms across 800 cities in 80 countries.

Airbnb
Airbnb, Inc. (/ˌɛərbiːɛnˈbiː/ AIR-bee-en-BEE, an abbreviation of its original name, "Airbed and Breakfast") is an American company operating an online marketplace for short-and-long-term homestays, experiences and services in various countries and regions. It acts as a broker and charges a commission from each booking. Airbnb was founded in 2008 by Brian Chesky, Nathan Blecharczyk, and Joe Gebbia.
2008 Hall of Fame Tennis Championships
The 2008 Hall of Fame Tennis Championships (also known as the Campbell's Hall of Fame Tennis Championships for sponsorship reasons) was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor grass courts. It was the 33rd edition of the Hall of Fame Tennis Championships, and was part of the International Series of the 2008 ATP Tour. It took place at the International Tennis Hall of Fame in Newport, Rhode Island, United States, from July 7 through July 13, 2008.

The singles field was led by Hamburg Masters doubles semifinalist and Indian Wells Masters singles finalist Mardy Fish, Sydney semifinalist and Newport defending champion Fabrice Santoro, and Marseille quarterfinalist Nicolas Mahut. Other seeded players were Pörtschach semifinalist Igor Kunitsyn, San Jose quarterfinalist John Isner, Donald Young, Frank Dancevic and Kevin Anderson.

2008 ATP Tour
The 2008 ATP Tour was the global elite men's professional tennis circuit organised by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) for the 2008 tennis season. The ATP Tour is the elite tour for professional tennis and includes the four Grand Slam tournaments, the Tennis Masters Cup, the ATP Masters Series, the International Series Gold and the International Series tournaments.
El Limonar International School, Murcia
El Limonar International School, Murcia - ELIS Murcia is a private profit-making coeducational international school located in Murcia, Spain. The school is owned and operated by the Cognita Group, and educates children from ages 3 to 18 from more than 20 nations. However the majority of students attending the school are Spanish.

ELIS Murcia uses an educational curriculum based on the National Curriculum for England and Wales. Senior pupils at the school are then prepared for GCSEs  and A Level examinations, The American University Entrance Exam SAT and TOEFL as well as the Spanish university access examination “Selectividad”.

The school was selected by the national newspaper El Mundo as one of the top 100 schools in Spain in 2019, as well as in the last years.

For-profit education
For-profit education (also known as the education services industry or proprietary education) refers to educational institutions operated by private, profit-seeking businesses. For-profit education is common in many parts of the world, constituting more than 70% of the higher education sector in Malaysia, Japan, South Korea, Indonesia and the Philippines.