hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Analysis on fractals
Analysis on fractals or calculus on fractals is a generalization of calculus on smooth manifolds to calculus on fractals.

The theory describes dynamical phenomena which occur on objects modelled by fractals.
It studies questions such as "how does heat diffuse in a fractal?" and "how does a fractal vibrate?"

In the smooth case the operator that occurs most often in the equations modelling these phenomena is the Laplacian, so the starting point for the theory of analysis on fractals is to define a Laplacian on fractals. This turns out not to be a full differential operator in the usual sense but has many of the desired properties. There are a number of approaches to defining the Laplacian: probabilistic, analytical or measure theoretic.

Differential operator
In mathematics, a differential operator is an operator defined as a function of the differentiation operator. It is helpful, as a matter of notation first, to consider differentiation as an abstract operation that accepts a function and returns another function (in the style of a higher-order function in computer science).

This article considers mainly linear differential operators, which are the most common type. However, non-linear differential operators also exist, such as the Schwarzian derivative.
Kim Dae-doo
Kim Dae-doo (Korean: 김대두; Hanja: 金大斗, November 17, 1949 – December 28, 1976) was a South Korean serial killer who killed 17 people during a 55-day killing spree from August to October 1975. Kim was considered as one of the worst and most prolific criminals in South Korea's history, and he was executed for his crimes in 1976.

Spree killer
A spree killer is someone who commits a criminal act that involves two or more murders in a short time, often in multiple locations. There are differing opinions about what durations of time a killing spree may take place in. The United States Bureau of Justice Statistics has spoken of "almost no time break between murders", but some academics consider that a killing spree may last weeks or months, e.g. the case of Andrew Cunanan, who murdered five people over three months, including fashion designer Gianni Versace.
Florida State Road 160
State Road 160 (FL 160) is a 0.114-mile-long (0.183 km) state highway in Tallahassee, Leon County, Florida, that connects Florida State Road 61 and County Road 0352 and U.S. Route 319 north of Interstate 10 in northern Tallahassee.

Interstate 10
Interstate 10 (I-10) is the southernmost transcontinental highway in the Interstate Highway System of the United States. It is the fourth-longest Interstate in the country at 2,460.34 miles (3,959.53 km), following I-90, I-80, and I-40. It was part of the originally planned Interstate Highway network that was laid out in 1956, and its last section was completed in 1990.

I-10 stretches from the Pacific Ocean at State Route 1 (SR 1, Pacific Coast Highway) in Santa Monica, California, to I-95 in Jacksonville, Florida. Other major cities connected by I-10 include (from west to east) Los Angeles, Phoenix, Tucson, Las Cruces, El Paso, San Antonio, Houston, Baton Rouge, New Orleans, Gulfport, Mobile, Pensacola, and Tallahassee. Over one-third of its total length is within the state of Texas, where the freeway spans the state at its widest breadth.
George Gavin
Major George Gavin (1810 – 23 October 1880) was an Irish Independent Irish Party and Liberal politician.

Gavin was first elected MP as an Independent Irish representative for Limerick City at a by-election in February 1858 but was unseated under three months later due to bribery through his agent.

He was re-elected for the seat as Liberal representative in 1859 and held the seat until he stood down in 1874.

He served as High Sheriff of Limerick City in 1857.

Limerick City (UK Parliament constituency)
Limerick City was a United Kingdom Parliament constituency in Ireland. It returned one MP 1801–1832, two MPs 1832–1885 and one thereafter. It was an original constituency represented in Parliament when the Union of Great Britain and Ireland took effect on 1 January 1801. It ceased to be represented in the United Kingdom Parliament in 1922.
Tsend
Tsend (Mongolian: Цэнд, genitive form: Tsendiin, Цэндийн) is a Mongolian name, signifying:

Tsendiin Damdinsüren (1908–1986), Mongolian author

Luvsansharavyn Tsend (born 1940), Mongolian Olympic speed-skater

Tsendiin Nyamdorj (born 1956), chairman of the Mongolian parliament

Tsendiin Damdin (1957–2018), olympic judo silver medalist of 1957

Tsend-Ayuushiin Ochirbat (born 1974), Mongolian Olympic judoka

Tsendiin Mönkh-Orgil, the foreign minister of Mongolia

Luvsansharavyn Tsend
Luvsansharavyn Tsend (Mongolian: Лувсаншаравын Цэнд, 11 July 1940 – 21 August 2023) was a Mongolian speedskater, who competed at top international levels from 1964 to 1972, with best results in the longer distances.

Tsend participated in three Olympics, Innsbruck, 1964, Grenoble, 1968 and Sapporo, 1972, with a 24th place in the 1972 10,000-m his best result. His personal best times were 42.1 (500-m, 1971), 2:14.9 (1500-m, 1971), 7:59.8 (5000-m, 1969), 16:10.2 (10000-m, 1970). Following his active competition days, Tsend had been coaching national-level speedskaters.

Tsend was the first person in Mongolia to be diagnosed with hemophilia.
Adoor Prakash
Prakash Kunjuraman, better known as Adoor Prakash, (born 24 May 1952) is an Indian politician from the Indian National Congress. He is currently the Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha, representing Attingal constituency of Kerala.

He came to active politics through the Student movement of Kerala Students Union. He was elected to the Kerala Legislative Assembly consecutively from Konni Constituency in 1996, 2001, 2006, 2011 and 2016 as a candidate of Indian National Congress. He served as minister of Food & Civil supplies from 2004 to 2006, Health and Coir from 2011 to 2012, Revenue from 2012 to 2016, all under Chief Minister Oommen Chandy.

In 2019, he was elected to the Loksabha from Attingal constituency in 2019, the first Congress candidate to be elected from the constituency since 1989. In 2024, he was reelected from Attingal defeating V Joy of the CPI(M). In 2025 he was appointed as the Convenor of United Democratic Front.

Attingal Lok Sabha constituency
Attingal Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 20 Lok Sabha constituencies in Kerala state in southern India. This constituency came into existence in 2008 following the delimitation of the parliamentary constituencies based on the recommendation of the Delimitation Commission of India constituted in 2002.
Myasishchev M-60
The Myasishchev M-60 was a Soviet design for a nuclear-powered bomber.  The design was similar to the M-50 bomber prototype.

Myasishchev received the instruction to start the development of the M-60 on 19 May 1955. However, it did not make it out of the planning stage, and the M-60 program was cancelled in 1959.

It appears that the M-60 designation has been used for a number of projects at Myasishchev, including a recent transport and civil aircraft.

Nuclear-powered aircraft
A nuclear-powered aircraft is a concept for an aircraft intended to be powered by nuclear energy. The intention was to produce a jet engine that would heat compressed air with heat from fission, instead of heat from burning fuel. During the Cold War, the United States and Soviet Union researched nuclear-powered bomber aircraft, the greater endurance of which could enhance nuclear deterrence, but neither country created any such operational aircraft.

One inadequately solved design problem was the need for heavy shielding to protect the crew and those on the ground from radiation; other potential problems included dealing with crashes.

Some missile designs included nuclear-powered hypersonic cruise missiles.

However, the advent of ICBMs and nuclear submarines in the 1960s greatly diminished the strategic advantage of such aircraft, and respective projects were canceled.
Lane's Island
Lane's Island is an island which is part of the town of Vinalhaven in Knox County, Maine, United States. It is approximately 45 acres in size and connected by causeway to mainland Vinalhaven. About two-thirds of the island is protected by a nature preserve. It is named after Captain Timothy Lane, an early European settler of the island. The island contains 1.5 miles of hiking trails.

Knox County, Maine
Knox County is a county located in the state of Maine, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 40,607.  Its county seat is Rockland.  The county is named for Revolutionary War general and Secretary of War Henry Knox, who lived in the county from 1795 until his death in 1806. The county was established on April 1, 1860, and is the most recent county to be created in Maine. It was carved from parts of Waldo and Lincoln counties. The Union Fair, started in 1868, began as the efforts of the North Knox Agricultural and Horticultural Society.
Networked Transport of RTCM via Internet Protocol
The Networked Transport of RTCM via Internet Protocol (NTRIP) is a protocol for streaming differential GPS (DGPS) corrections over the Internet for real-time kinematic positioning.
NTRIP is a generic, stateless protocol based on the Hypertext Transfer Protocol HTTP/1.1 and is enhanced for GNSS data streams.

The specification is standardized by the Radio Technical Commission for Maritime Services (RTCM).
NTRIP was developed by the German Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy (BKG) and the Dortmund University Department of Computer Science. Ntrip was released in September 2004. The 2011 version of the protocol is version 2.0.

NTRIP used to be an open standard protocol but it is not available freely (as of 2020). There is an open source implementation available from software.rtcm-ntrip.org Archived 2020-08-11 at the Wayback Machine from where the protocol can be reverse-engineered.

RTCM SC-104
RTCM SC-104 (named after the Radio Technical Commission for Maritime Services Special Committee 104) is a communication protocol for sending differential GPS (DGPS) correction data to a GPS receiver from a secondary source like a radio receiver.

The RTCM SC-104 is also used for post processing application of DGPS correction data.

The RTCM SC-104 format does not define the source of the messages and has been used with systems as varied as longwave marine radio, communications satellite broadcasts, and Internet distribution.

RTCM SC-104 is not the only standard for DGPS; Trimble introduced the Compact Measurement Record (CMRx) format for the same basic purpose and there are several other similar standards used for special purposes. Most of these other standards have fallen into disuse with the introduction of RTCM 10403.1 (RTCM 3.1).
Portugaliae Mathematica
Portugaliae Mathematica is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the European Mathematical Society on behalf of the Portuguese Mathematical Society Sociedade Portuguesa de Matemática. It covers all branches of mathematics. The journal was established in 1937, by António Aniceto Monteiro, its first editor-in-chief. The journal is abstracted and indexed in Zentralblatt MATH, Mathematical Reviews, the Science Citation Index Expanded, and Current Contents/Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences. The current editor-in-chief is José Francisco Rodrigues (Universidade de Lisboa).

Current Contents
Current Contents is a rapid alerting service database from Clarivate, formerly the Institute for Scientific Information and Thomson Reuters. It is published online and in several different printed subject sections.
Mỹ Tho
Mỹ Tho (listenⓘ) is a former city in the Tiền Giang province (now is Đồng Tháp province) in the Mekong Delta region of Southern Vietnam. It has a population of approximately 169,000 in 2006 and 220,000 in 2012. It is the regional center of economics, education and technology. The majority ethnic group is the Kinh; minority groups include the Hoa, the Cham and the Khmer people. Boat rides on the Mỹ Tho River are popular with tourists, and the city is known for hủ tiếu Mỹ Tho, a type of rice noodles soup.

Mỹ Tho ceased to exist as a municipal city on 1 July 2025, following the elimination of district level units in Vietnam.

Hủ tiếu
Hủ tiếu or Hủ tíu is a Vietnamese dish eaten in Vietnam as breakfast. It may be served either as a soup (hủ tiếu nước) or dry with no broth (hủ tiếu khô).

Hủ tiếu became popular in the 1960s in Southern Vietnam, especially in Saigon. The primary ingredients of this dish are pork bones, mixed with diverse kinds of noodles, herbs and other kind of meats.

Hủ tiếu was featured in Master Chef US 2013, where Gordon Ramsay mentioned it being on the top of his list and tasked the contestants to prepare a bowl of hủ tiếu. The noodle dish also appeared on the TV show Gordon's Great Escape in 2010-2011, where Ramsay tried the noodle dish in Cai Rang floating market in Can Tho.
The Disaster Artist
The Disaster Artist: My Life Inside The Room, the Greatest Bad Movie Ever Made is a 2013 non-fiction book written by Greg Sestero and Tom Bissell, in which the former details the troubled development and production of the panned 2003 cult romantic drama The Room, his own struggles as a young actor, and his relationship with The Room director Tommy Wiseau.

A film adaptation of the same name was released in 2017, directed by and starring James Franco as Wiseau and his brother Dave Franco as Sestero.

Audie Awards
The Audie Awards (/ˈɔːdi/ AW-dee, rhymes with "gaudy"; abbreviated from audiobook), or simply the Audies, are awards for achievement in spoken word, particularly audiobook narration and audiodrama performance, published in the United States of America. They are presented by the Audio Publishers Association (APA) annually in March.

The Audies are sometimes likened to the Academy Awards for their public recognition of merit in the audio industry. In order to win, works must be submitted for nomination. A panel of judges considers candidates based on consumer acceptance, sales performance, and marketing, and winners and finalists are chosen based on narration, production quality, and source content; formerly packaging was also evaluated.
St. Mary's Orthodox Church, Kottayam
St. Mary's Orthodox Syrian Church, Kottayam, commonly known as Kottayam Cheriapally, is a Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church located in Kottayam, Kerala, India. Cheriapally meaning ‘small church’, whose appearance contradicts its name, is one of the oldest and well-preserved churches in the state.
Cheriapally is located on the way to Kumarakom from Kottayam. The church is dedicated to mother Mary. Kottayam Cheriapally, built in 1579, has retained its old world charm today as well even after so much of environmental changes. The length and breadth of the church is constructed with innovative paintings, mural, and architecture. Before the inception of the Old Seminary in 1815, Kottayam Cheriapally was the Headquarters of the Church and Malankara Metropolitans for a long time.

Catholicos of the East and Malankara Metropolitan
The leader of the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church uses the title Catholicos of the East and Malankara Metropolitan. The incumbent 'Catholicos of the East and Malankara Metropolitan' is Baselios Marthoma Mathews III.
Talmadge L. Heflin
Talmadge Loraine Heflin (born January 16, 1940) is an American politician. He served as a Republican member for the 149th district of the Texas House of Representatives.

Born in Webster Parish, Louisiana, he is the son of Lucille Lee and Sam Heflin. Heflin moved to Houston, Texas in 1967, in which he had established his own business. He served as a school board member at Alief Independent School District, which later named an elementary school in his honor.

In 1983, Heflin won election in the 149th district of the Texas House of Representatives.  In 2005, he was succeeded by Hubert Vo.

In 2008, he served as a Texas political elector for John McCain's campaign in his 2008 United States presidential election.

Alief Independent School District
Alief Independent School District, also known as Alief ISD, is a school district that is based in southwest Houston, Texas, United States. The district is one of the  largest school districts in the state and one of the largest school districts in the United States.

Alief ISD, which covers 36.6 square miles (94.8 km2) of land, covers a small portion of southwest Houston and parts of unincorporated Harris County. In Houston, Alief ISD serves the Alief community, almost all of the district of Westchase, Keegan's Glen, Leawood, Ashford Park, Bellaire West, Royal Oaks Country Club, Sharpstown, and the Southwest Management District. It also serves a small portion of Brays Oaks. In unincorporated Harris County, Alief ISD serves Wingate, portions of the Mission Bend CDP, and Enclave Crescent Park Village. The Alief ISD area is a part of the Houston City College System tax base.
Ian Dunnett Jnr
Ian Dunnett Jnr (born c. 1996) is a Scottish actor.

Dunnett Jnr was a resident of Kinnesswood, and had attended Kinross High School. He would perform acting and music at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe. He attended the Royal Conservatoire of Scotland from 2013 to 2017, earning his Bachelor of Music with Honors for piano, and studied acting at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art.

Dunnett Jnr works extensively on various audio dramas with BBC Radio, having been granted the Carleton Hobbs Bursary in 2020. He would have roles in the films Belfast, Lee and My Mother's Wedding, as well as a role in the Apple TV+ miniseries Masters of the Air.

Kinnesswood
Kinnesswood (listenⓘ; Scots: Kinaskit, listenⓘ), possibly from the Scottish Gaelic: Ceann Eas Ciad ("head of the waterfall of the wood") but more likely from Scottish Gaelic: Ceann Easg "boggy head" together with "wood" from English or "cot" (cottage) from Scots  is a village in Perth and Kinross, Scotland, and is in the historic county of Kinross-shire. It lies to the east of Loch Leven, on the A911 road, below Bishop Hill in the Lomond Hills. It is approximately 4 miles (6 kilometres) west of Glenrothes and 4 miles (6 kilometres) east of Kinross.
JLA: Age of Wonder
JLA: Age of Wonder is a 2003 two-issue mini-series of comics from DC's Elseworlds imprint. Taking place from 1876 to 1913, the comics follow Clark Kent and Lex Luthor as they use superpowers to create technical innovations. The comics also follow the creation of the League of Science, a superhero league dedicated to spreading these innovations for the good of mankind. The series was written by Adisakdi Tantimedh, with art by P. Craig Russell and Galen Showman.

P. Craig Russell
Philip Craig Russell (born October 30, 1951) is an American comics artist, writer, and illustrator. His work has won multiple Harvey and Eisner Awards. Russell was the fourth mainstream comic book creator to come out as openly gay, following Andy Mangels in 1988, Craig Hamilton in 1989, and Eric Shanower in 1990.
2023 Liga 3 (Georgia)
The 2023 Liga 3 (Georgia) season was the 7th edition under its current title and the 35th edition of third tier football in Georgia. The regular two-round tournament began on 4 April and ended on 1 December with promotion play-offs completed on 10 December. Each team played thirty matches in as many rounds.

Gori had the longest tenure in the league with the 7th consecutive season while Meshakhte and Bakhmaro entered into the sixth year. On the other hand, three of the four new members (Locomotive-2, Rustavi and Shturmi) made their debut in Liga 3.

FC Gori
FC Gori is a Georgian association football club, based in Gori. Following the 2025 season, they were promoted to Liga 2, the second tier of Georgian football.

The Kartli stadium is Gori's home ground.
JL50
JL50 is an Indian Hindi-language sci-fi thriller streaming television miniseries which premiered on Sony Liv on 4 September 2020. The series stars Abhay Deol, Pankaj Kapur, Ritika Anand, Piyush Mishra and Rajesh Sharma.

SonyLIV
Sony LIV is an Indian subscription video-on-demand over-the-top streaming service owned by Culver Max Entertainment. Sony LIV was introduced in 2013 as the first OTT service in India. As a streaming service, it provides live sports, original titles, other content titles from its own networks and content titles in India licensed from third-parties such as JioHotstar, Netflix among others. The Sony LIV content library includes films, TV shows and series, and sports.
Vlasta Svobodová
Vlasta Svobodová (born 21 February 1937) is a Czech politician and geologist who served as senator for Brno-City District between 1996 and 1998. She won in the 1996 Czech Senate election, ahead of Communist Party candidate Pavel Pavlík.

1996 Czech Senate election
Senate elections were held in the Czech Republic for the first time on 15 and 16 November 1996, with a second round on 22 and 23 November. the first after independence. The Civic Democratic Party emerged as the largest party, winning 32 of the 81 seats. Voter turnout was 35% in the first round and 31% in the second.

This was the only time Senate elections were held in all 81 single-member constituencies at the same time. Senators elected in 1996 were divided into three classes depending on number of their constituencies to determine which Senate seats would be up for election in 1998, 2000 and 2002. Senators in the Czech Republic are elected for six-year terms, with one-third being renewed every two years.

The elections were held using the two-round system, with an absolute majority required to be elected.
South Tower (Brussels)
The South Tower or Midi Tower (French: Tour du Midi; Dutch: Zuidertoren) is a 38-storey, 150 metres (490 ft) office skyscraper built between 1962 and 1967 in Brussels, Belgium. The tower is the tallest building in Belgium, and was the tallest in the European Economic Community (EEC) upon completion, until it was surpassed by Tour Montparnasse in Paris in 1972.

The South Tower stands adjacent to Brussels-South railway station. The building's façade was reclad in 1995–96 with unitised glass panels using double glass solarbel silver, and it can accommodate about 2,500 office workers. It was built for the Belgian Federal Pensions Service (FPS), which still occupies it today, and it is thus often also called the Pensions Tower (French: Tour des Pensions; Dutch: Pensioentoren).

Federal Public Service Finance
The FPS Finance (Dutch: FOD Financiën, French: SPF Finances, German: FÖD Finanzen), is a Federal Public Service of Belgium. It was created by Royal Order on 17 February 2002, as part of the plans of the Verhofstadt I Government to modernise the federal administration. It is responsible for the finances of the Federal Government and taxation.
Lego Legends of Chima: Laval's Journey
Lego Legends of Chima: Laval's Journey is a sandbox-style action-adventure video game, developed by TT Fusion, released on the Nintendo 3DS and PlayStation Vita in June 2013. The game was also released on the Nintendo DS a few months later. It is based on the Lego Legends of Chima theme which was discontinued in 2015.

TT Games
TT Games Limited is a British holding company and a subsidiary of Warner Bros. Games. The company was established in 2005 through the merger of developer Traveller's Tales and publisher Giant Interactive (now TT Games Publishing). Its other branches include developer TT Fusion, animation studio TT Animation and mobile game studio TT Odyssey. The company is best known for its video games based on the Lego construction toy.