hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Glutathione thiolesterase
The enzyme glutathione thiolesterase (EC 3.1.2.7) catalyzes the reaction

S-acylglutathione + H2O  glutathione + a carboxylate

This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on thioester bonds.  The systematic name is S-acylglutathione hydrolase. It is also called citryl-glutathione thioesterhydrolase.

Thioester
In organic chemistry,  thioesters are organosulfur compounds with the molecular structure R−C(=O)−S−R'. They are analogous to carboxylate esters (R−C(=O)−O−R') with the sulfur in the thioester replacing oxygen in the carboxylate ester, as implied by the thio- prefix. They are the product of esterification of a carboxylic acid (R−C(=O)−O−H) with a thiol (R'−S−H). In biochemistry, the best-known thioesters are derivatives of coenzyme A, e.g., acetyl-CoA. The R and R' represent organyl groups, or H in the case of R.
Rolf-Dieter Müller
Rolf-Dieter Müller (born 9 December 1948) is a German military historian and political scientist, who has served as Scientific Director of the German Armed Forces Military History Research Office since 1999. Rolf-Dieter Müller is also a former professor of military history at Humboldt University.

Müller, in cooperation with German journalist Rudibert Kunz, is known for being the first historian to write about the use of chemical weapons in the Rif War in a 1990 book titled Giftgas Gegen Abd El Krim: Deutschland, Spanien und der Gaskrieg in Spanisch-Marokko, 1922-1927.

Müller was one of the lead researchers on the seminal work Germany and the Second World War.

Military History Research Office (Germany)
The Military History Research Office (German: Militärgeschichtliches Forschungsamt, MGFA) was an office of the Bundeswehr located at Potsdam, Germany.

Following a reorganisation in 2013, MGFA was consolidated with the German Army Social Sciences Studies Center to become the Center for Military History and Social Sciences of the Bundeswehr. Also, it has been placed under the command of the Center of Leadership Culture of the Bundeswehr.
Athletics at the 2024 Bolivarian Youth Games
Athletics competitions at the 2024 Bolivarian Youth Games in Sucre, Bolivia were held from 11 to 14 April 2024 at Estadio Olímpico Patria.

Forty three medal events were scheduled to be contested: 42 events equally divided among boys and girls plus a 4 × 400 metres relay mixed event. A total of 164 athletes (86 boys and 78 girls) competed in the events. Athletes had to be born between 1 January 2005 and 31 December 2008 to be eligible (ages 16 to 19), that is, they must belong to the U20 category.

2024 Bolivarian Youth Games
The 2024 Bolivarian Youth Games (Spanish: Juegos Bolivarianos de la Juventud 2024), officially known as the I Bolivarian Youth Games "Sucre 2024" and simply known as Sucre 2024, is the first edition of the Bolivarian Youth Games, a regional multi-sport event for athletes of up to 19 years old, organized by the Organización Deportiva Bolivariana (ODEBO). Originally scheduled to be held in Sucre, Bolivia from 17 April to 1 May 2020, the inaugural edition of the Bolivarian Youth Games underwent several postponements until finally held from 4 to 14 April 2024.
Nick Scharf
Edward T. "Nick" Scharf (July 18, 1858 – May 11, 1937) was an American professional baseball player who played parts of two seasons for the Baltimore Orioles of the American Association in the early days of Major League Baseball.
He was born in Baltimore, Maryland and died in there at the age of 78.

American Association (1882–1891)
The American Association of Base Ball Clubs (AA) was a professional baseball league that existed for 10 seasons from 1882 to 1891. Together with the National League (NL), founded in 1876, the AA participated in an early version of the World Series seven times versus the champion of the NL in an interleague championship playoff tournament. At the end of its run, several AA franchises joined the NL. After 1891, the NL existed alone, with each season's champions being awarded the Temple Cup (1894–1897).

During its existence, the AA was often simply referred to as "the Association" in the media, in contrast to the NL, which was sometimes called "the League". It was also sometimes called the "Beer and Whiskey League".
Glasgow University Student Television
Glasgow University Student Television (more commonly known as GUST) is the student television station at the University of Glasgow and the oldest student-run television station in the world, founded in 1964. GUST is affiliated with the National Student Television Association (NaSTA) and broadcasts a wide range of programmes, including creative and factual as well as annual Freshers’ Week coverage. It is one of the four mediums of student media at the University of Glasgow, along with the Glasgow Guardian, Glasgow University Magazine and Subcity Radio.

The Glasgow Guardian
The Glasgow Guardian is the student newspaper of the University of Glasgow.

Founded in 1932 as The Gilmorehill Globe, the newspaper has undergone four name changes in its existence. First changed to The Gilmorehill Guardian, then to the Glasgow University Guardian in 1959 under editor Neil MacCormick then to Glasgow Guardian in 2011 and finally to The Glasgow Guardian in 2020. The publication is produced by students of the university on a voluntary basis and is partially funded by the Glasgow University Students' Representative Council alongside revenue from advertising.
Shackan First Nation
Shackan First Nation (Thompson: Sx̣íx̣nx) is a Nlaka'pamux First Nations government located in the Nicola Country of the Southern Interior region of the Canadian province of British Columbia. It is a member of the Scw’exmx Tribal Council, which is one of three tribal councils of the Nlaka'pamux people. Other Nlaka'pamux governments belong either to the Fraser Canyon Indian Administration or the Nlaka'pamux Nation Tribal Council.

Shackan Indian Band reserve community and offices are located just west of Merritt, the main urban centre in the Nicola Country region between the Lower Mainland and Kamloops.

The name Shackan is an adaptation from Sxe'xn'x (Sx̣íx̣nx), which is its name in the local dialect of Nlaka'pamuctsin (the Thompson language).

Lower Mainland
The Lower Mainland is a geographic and cultural region of the mainland coast of the Canadian province of British Columbia that generally comprises the regional districts of Metro Vancouver and the Fraser Valley. Home to approximately 3.05 million people as of the 2021 Canadian census, the Lower Mainland contains sixteen of the province's 30 most populous municipalities and approximately 60% of the province's total population.

The region was historically occupied by the Sto:lo, a Halkomelem-speaking people of the Coast Salish linguistic and cultural grouping.
1969–70 Nationalliga A
The following is the summary of the Swiss National League in the 1969–70 football season, both Nationalliga A and Nationalliga B. This was the 73rd season of top-tier and the 72nd season of second-tier football in Switzerland.

Swiss Super League
The Super League (also known as the Brack Super League for sponsorship reasons) is a professional association football league in Switzerland and the highest level of the Swiss football league system. It has been played in its current format since the 2003–04 season. The Swiss Super League is ranked 16th in Europe according to UEFA's ranking of league coefficients, which is based upon Swiss team performances in European competitions. The 2025–26 season is the 129th season of the Swiss top-flight, making it the longest continuously running top-flight national league.
Vineyard
A vineyard (/ˈvɪnjərd/ VIN-yərd, UK also /ˈvɪnjɑːrd/ VIN-yard) is a plantation of grape-bearing vines. Many vineyards exist for winemaking; others for the production of raisins, table grapes, and non-alcoholic grape juice. The science, practice and study of vineyard production is known as viticulture. Vineyards are often characterised by their terroir, a French term loosely translating as "a sense of place" that refers to the specific geographical and geological characteristics of grapevine plantations, which may be imparted to the wine itself.

Grape juice
Grape juice is obtained from crushing and blending grapes into a liquid. In the wine industry, grape juice that contains 7–23 percent of pulp, skins, stems and seeds is often referred to as must. The sugars in grape juice allow it to be used as a sweetener, fermented, and made into wine, brandy, or vinegar.

In North America, the most common grape juice is purple and made from Concord grapes, while white grape juice is commonly made from Niagara grapes, both of which are varieties of native American grapes, a different species from European wine grapes.

Grape juice can be made from all grape varieties after reaching appropriate maturity. Because of consumer preferences for characteristics in color, flavor and aroma, grape juice is primarily produced from American cultivars of Vitis labrusca, the Concord grape.
Hard Rock Live (album)
Hard Rock Live is a live album and video by the English hard rock band Bad Company released in 2010. It was recorded at the Hard Rock Live in Hollywood, Florida on August 8, 2008, and marked the first time original members Paul Rodgers, Mick Ralphs and Simon Kirke had performed together, since their brief reunion in 1999.

The original band members were joined for the tour by former Heart guitarist Howard Leese and bassist Lynn Sorensen, both of whom had previously played live with Rodgers on his solo tours.

Hollywood, Florida
Hollywood is a city in Broward County, Florida, United States. It is a suburb in the Miami metropolitan area. The population of Hollywood was 153,067 as of 2020, making it the third-largest city in Broward County.
Charles Creed
Charles Southey Creed (25 May 1909 – 17 July 1966) was a British fashion designer. Born into the longstanding tailoring house of Henry Creed & Company in Paris, he launched his eponymous label in London in 1946. The first elected member of the Incorporated Society of London Fashion Designers, he had success in both Britain and the United States.

Pathé News
Pathé News was a British-French producer of newsreels and documentaries from 1910 to 1970 in the United Kingdom. Its founder, Charles Pathé, was a pioneer of moving pictures in the silent era. The Pathé News archive is known today as "British Pathé". Its collection of news film and movies is fully digitised and available online.

Pathé News was a subsidiary of the French Pathé group, which today remains one of Europe’s leading film industry players.
Maria Chiara Nanetti
Saint Maria Chiara Nanetti or Mary Clare (1872-1900, born Clelia Nanetti) was an Italian religious sister who died for her faith in China during the Boxer Rebellion and was canonised in 2000. She is one of the group known as the Martyr Saints of China who were canonised by Pope John Paul II 1 October 2000.

Religious sister
A religious sister (abbreviated: Sr.) is a Christian woman who has taken public vows in a religious order dedicated to apostolic works. Though often referred to as nuns, they are canonically distinct. Nuns, religious sisters and canonesses all use the term "Sister" as a form of address. Religious sisters are found in various traditions of Christianity, particularly Catholicism, Evangelical Lutheranism and Anglicanism. In the Catholic Church, religious sisters are associated with a religious institute.
Raoul Pleskow
Raoul Pleskow (October 12, 1930 – May 18, 2022) was an Austrian-born American composer.

Pleskow was born in Vienna, Austria on October 12, 1930. He moved to the United States in 1939 and became an American citizen in 1945. He studied at the Juilliard School in New York City (1950–1952), and at Queens College (1952–1956), where he studied composition with Karol Rathaus. He then studied with Otto Luening at Columbia University, earning a Master's degree in Music in 1958. In 1959 he was appointed to the music faculty at C. W. Post College, Long Island University, and in 1970 he became a full professor.

Pleskow's compositions number around 150. He died in Manhasset, New York on May 18, 2022, at the age of 91.

LIU Post
LIU Post, formally the C.W. Post Campus of Long Island University and often referred to as C.W. Post, is a private university in Brookville, New York, United States. Located on Long Island, it is part of Long Island University (LIU), and the largest school in the LIU system.
Albert Arutiunov
Albert Arutiunov (1930–2014) was an Armenian chess master and a chess coach who has won the Armenian Chess Championship twice, in 1973 and 1977. He was a Honoured Coach of Armenia.

One of his notable games is with future World Chess champion Tigran Petrosian:

Armenian Chess Championship
This is a list of all the winners of the Armenian Chess Championship. The first championship was played in 1934, when Armenia was a part of the Transcaucasian SFSR. Championships were held sporadically in the Armenian SSR until 1945, when they became contested every year; this has continued today in independent Armenia. The tournament has usually been held as a round robin of the country's top players.
Auma-Weidatal (Verwaltungsgemeinschaft)
Auma-Weidatal was a Verwaltungsgemeinschaft ("collective municipality") in the district of Greiz, in Thuringia, Germany. The seat of the Verwaltungsgemeinschaft was in Auma. The Verwaltungsgemeinschaft was disbanded on 1 December 2011, when its constituent municipalities were merged into the towns Auma-Weidatal (formed at the same date) and Zeulenroda-Triebes.

The Verwaltungsgemeinschaft Auma-Weidatal consisted of the following municipalities:

Auma

Braunsdorf

Göhren-Döhlen

Merkendorf

Silberfeld

Staitz

Wiebelsdorf

Zadelsdorf

50°42′00″N 11°54′00″E﻿ / ﻿50.700°N 11.900°E﻿ / 50.700; 11.900

Municipal association (Germany)
Municipal associations (German: Verwaltungsgemeinschaften, pronounced [fɛɐ̯ˈvaltʊŋsɡəˌmaɪ̯nʃaftn̩] ⓘ, lit. 'administrative communities') are statutory corporations or public bodies created by statute in the German federal states of Bavaria, Saxony, Thuringia, and Schleswig-Holstein. In Baden-Württemberg the term stipulated municipal association (German: vereinbarte Verwaltungsgemeinschaft) is used.
Hyperolius brachiofasciatus
Hyperolius Brachiofasciatus is a species of frog in the family Hyperoliidae. It is known from its type locality, Ngoto in southwestern Central African Republic, from another locality in central Republic of the Congo, and from a number of localities in central Democratic Republic of the Congo. However, as of 2014, IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group considers records other than the one from the type locality erroneous, and that this species likely is a synonym of some other species.  Common name Ngoto Reed Frog has been proposed for it.

IUCN Species Survival Commission
The IUCN Species Survival Commission (IUCN SSC) is one of the six commissions of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The Species Survival Commission, the largest of the IUCN's six commissions, is a science-driven network consisting of 9,000 volunteer experts working in more than 160 Specialist Groups, including 17 invertebrate groups, Red List Authorities, and Task Forces.  The IUCN Species Strategic Plan outlines conservation priorities, with the current plan covering the period from 2021 to 2025.

Vivek Menon is the chair of the commission.
Tauri (software framework)
Tauri is an open-source software framework designed to create cross-platform desktop and mobile applications on Linux, macOS, Windows, Android and iOS using a web frontend. The framework functions with a Rust back-end and a JavaScript front-end that runs on local WebView libraries using rendering libraries like Tao and Wry. Tauri aims to provide a more lightweight alternative to similar existing frameworks such as Electron.

Tauri is governed by the Tauri Foundation within the Dutch non-profit Commons Conservancy. As of 2024, Tauri is licensed and distributed under the MIT license, and Apache 2.0 license.

Tauri 1.0 was released in June 2022. In early 2024, Tauri v2 Beta was released, which included mobile support for iOS and Android systems. On 2 October 2024, Tauri v2 was released as a stable release.

Apache License
The Apache License is a permissive free-software license written by the Apache Software Foundation (ASF). It allows users to use the software for any purpose, to distribute it, to modify it, and to distribute modified versions of the software under the terms of the license, without concern for royalties. The ASF and its projects release their software products under the Apache License. The license is also used by many non-ASF projects.
Kiryat Motzkin
Kiryat Motzkin (Hebrew: קִרְיַת מוֹצְקִין) is a city in the Haifa District of Israel, 8 kilometres (5 miles) north of the city center of Haifa. According to the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics, in 2023 it had a population of 51,349. However, as of September 2025, the unofficial population count is 56,300, reflecting significant growth not yet captured in official statistics. The city is named after Leo Motzkin (1867-1933), one of the organizers of the First Zionist Congress in 1897. The mayor of the city is Tziki Tzvi Avisar.

First Zionist Congress
The First Zionist Congress (Hebrew: הקונגרס הציוני הראשון) was the inaugural congress of the Zionist Organization (ZO) held in the Stadtcasino Basel in the city of Basel on August 29–31, 1897. Two hundred and eight delegates from 17 countries and 26 press correspondents attended the event. It was convened and chaired  by  Theodor Herzl, the founder of the modern Zionism movement.  The Congress formulated a Zionist platform, known as the Basel program, and founded the Zionist Organization.

The conference was covered by the international press, making a significant impression.
.my
.my is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Malaysia. MYNIC is the agency responsible for the domain, and is under the Ministry of Digital and regulated by the Malaysian Communication and Multimedia Commission (MCMC).

MYNIC administers the name space for .my, as well as its subdomains: .com.my, .org.my, .net.my, .biz.my, .coop.my, .edu.my, .gov.my, .mil.my, and .name.my. This involves the registration of domain names as well as the maintenance and operation of a domain name registry (a central database for .my domain names).

Country code
A country code is a short alphanumeric identification code for countries and dependent areas. Its primary use is in data processing and communications. Several identification systems have been developed.

The term country code frequently refers to ISO 3166-1 alpha-2, as well as the telephone country code, which is embodied in the E.164 recommendation by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).
Alpha Tour
Alpha Tour (stylized as αlpha Tour) was the third concert tour by Spanish singer Aitana, launched in support of her third studio album, Alpha. The tour kicked off on October 1, 2023, in Valencia, Spain, consisting of thirty-tree shows across eight countries. It concluded on August 4, 2024, in Vigo, Spain.  Alpha Tour was attended by 140,000 people from only ten shows in Spain during 2023, and by 450,000 people from seventeen shows during 2024.

+ (Más)
"+ (Más)" (previously registered as "+", stylized in all caps; transl. "More") is a song by Spanish singer Aitana and Colombian duo Cali y El Dandee. The song was released on December 18, 2019 through Universal Music as the lead single of Aitana's upcoming second studio album 11 Razones (2020). It was written by Aitana, Cali y El Dandee and Andrés Torres. The song debuted at number 21 on the Spanish single chart with only two days of tracking, making it the only song in Spanish chart history to reach this position with within two days. The song peaked at number two in its second week.
Edward Cresswell
Edward Cresswell (born 1876) was an English-born South African trade unionist and political activist.

Born in South Shields in England, Cresswell began working for the North Eastern Railway in 1892.  He joined a trade union, taking part in various cross-union conferences and a major railway strike in 1897.

In 1901, Cresswell emigrated to Cape Town, and became prominent in the Cape Labour Party.  In 1912, he moved to Krugersdorp and joined the Shop Assistants', Warehousemen's and Clerks' Association, becoming its vice president the following year, and then president from 1918 until 1922.  In 1914, he was elected as a Labour Party member of the Transvaal Provincial Council.

During World War I, Cresswell fought with the British Army in southern Africa.  After the war, he became active in the Returned Soldiers' Movement, and declined an offer to become an Officer of the Order of the British Empire.  In the 1920s, he served on the Advisory Council of Labour.

South Shields
South Shields (/ʃiːlz/) is a coastal port town in South Tyneside, Tyne and Wear, England; it lies on the south bank of the mouth of the River Tyne. The town was known in Roman times as Arbeia and as Caer Urfa by the Early Middle Ages. It is the fourth largest settlement in Tyne and Wear, after Newcastle upon Tyne, Sunderland and Gateshead; in 2021, it had a population of 75,337.

Historically within the county of Durham, South Shields is south of North Shields and Tynemouth across the River Tyne; and east of Newcastle upon Tyne and Jarrow.
1979 World Championship for Makes
The 1979 World Sportscar Championship season was the 27th season of  FIA World Sportscar Championship racing. It featured the 1979 World Championship for Makes which was open to Group 1 and 2 Touring Cars, Group 3 and 4 Grand Touring cars, and Group 5 Special Production Cars. The championship ran from 3 February to 16 September 1979 and consisted of nine rounds. It was contested in two engine capacity divisions, Over 2 Litres and Under 2 Litres.

The Over 2 Litres Division was won by Porsche and the Under 2 Litres Division by Lancia.

Group 4 (motorsport)
Group 4 referred to regulations for sportscars and grand touring (GT) cars used in racing and rallying, as regulated by the FIA. The group was introduced in 1954 and was replaced by Group B for the 1982 season.
Koslov
Koslov is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alex Koslov (born 1984), professional wrestler

Nikolay Koslov, cross country skier

Vladimir Koslov (born 1958), bobsledder

Tamar Koslov, Voiced Prunella Deegan in Arthur

Fictional characters:

Vasili Ivanovich Koslov is the first playable protagonist in Call of Duty 2

Rabbi Joseph Koslov, from Babylon 5

Koslov, from Zootopia

Vladimir Kozlov (bobsleigh)
Vladimir Yevgenyevich Kozlov (Russian: Владимир Евгеньевич Козлов, born 7 March 1958) is a Soviet Ukrainian bobsledder who competed in the late 1980s. At the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary, he won two medals with a gold in the two-man event and a bronze in the four-man event.
Holmes (surname)
Holmes is an English-language surname with several origins.

The name can be a variant of the surname Holme. This surname has several etymological origins: it can be derived from a name for someone who lived next to a holly tree, from the Middle English holm; it can also be derived from the Old English holm and Old Norse holmr. Another probable origin of Holmes is from a placename near Dundonald, or else a place located in the barony of Inchestuir. The surname is also sometimes an Anglicised form of the Gaelic Mac Thomáis; similarly, Holmes can also be a variant of Cavish, derived as an Anglicised form of Mac Thámhais.

Holly
Ilex (/ˈaɪlɛks/) or holly is a genus of over 570 species of flowering plants in the family Aquifoliaceae, and the only living genus in that family. Ilex has the most species of any woody dioecious angiosperm genus. The species are evergreen or deciduous trees, shrubs, and climbers from tropics to temperate zones worldwide. The type species is Ilex aquifolium, the common European holly used in Christmas decorations and cards.