hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nishad (surname)
Notable people bearing the name Nishad include:

K. K. Nishad (born 1978), Indian playback singer

Mahendra Prasad Nishad (born 1967), Indian politician

Vishambhar Prasad Nishad (born 1962), Indian politician

Jai Narain Prasad Nishad (1930–2018), Indian politician

Kajal Nishad (born 1982), Indian actress

Jamuna Nishad (1953–2010), Indian politician

Ajay Nishad ( born 1966), Indian politician

Mukesh Sahani (born 1981), Indian Politician

Sanjay Nishad, cabinet minister in Government of Uttar Pradesh.

Praveen Kumar Nishad, member of Indian Parliament.

Jamuna Nishad
Jamuna Prasad Nishad (1953 – 19 November 2010) was an Indian politician from the Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP), representing the Pipraich constituency in the Uttar Pradesh Vidhan Sabha (Legislative Assembly). He belongs to Nishad Community of OBC. Nishad became the Minister for Fisheries in the Mayawati government, but was forced to resign after being named on charges of murdering a policeman. He was also named in eight other criminal charges.
Laurel Hill Furnace
Laurel Hill Furnace is a historic iron furnace located at St. Clair Township, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania. It was built in 1845, and is a rectangular cut stone furnace with four arches at its base. It remained in blast until 1855–1860. The furnace was donated to the Western Pennsylvania Conservancy in 1973.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.

Bloomery
A bloomery is a type of metallurgical furnace once used widely for smelting iron from its oxides.  The bloomery was the earliest form of smelter capable of smelting iron.  Bloomeries produce a porous mass of iron and slag called a bloom.  The mix of slag and iron in the bloom, termed sponge iron, is usually consolidated and further forged into wrought iron. Blast furnaces, which produce pig iron, have largely superseded bloomeries.
Education Professions Development Act of 1967
The Education Professions Development Act (EPDA) of 1967 (P.L. 90-35) is an American statute which amended and extended the Title V of the Higher Education Act of 1965. The EPDA was intended to improve the quality of teaching and to help overcome the shortage of adequately trained teachers by implementing training and retraining programs. The act had the effect of attracting top quality people capable of improving education during short- and long-term assignments in the profession.

Teaching
Teaching is the practice implemented by a teacher aimed at transmitting skills (knowledge, know-how, and interpersonal skills) to a learner, a student, or any other audience of an educational institution. Teaching is closely related to learning, the student's activity of appropriating this knowledge.

Teaching is part of the broader concept of education.
Extradition law in the United States
In the United States, extradition law is a collection of federal laws that regulate extradition, the formal process by which a fugitive found in the United States is surrendered to another country or state for trial, punishment, or rehabilitation.

For foreign countries, the extradition process is regulated by treaty and conducted between the federal government of the United States and the government of a foreign country. International extradition is considerably different from interstate or intrastate extradition. If requested by the charging state, US states and territories must extradite anyone charged with a felony, misdemeanor, or even petty offense in another US state or territory, even if the offense is not a crime in the custodial state.  The federal government of the United States is a separate jurisdiction from the states with limited scope, but has nationwide law enforcement presence.

Rehabilitation (penology)
Rehabilitation is the process of re-educating criminal offenders and preparing them to re-enter society. The goal is to address the underlying root causes of crime in order to prevent recidivism once inmates are released from prison. It generally involves psychological approaches which target the cognitive distortions associated with specific kinds of crime committed by individual offenders, but it may also entail more general education like reading skills and career training.
Ariella Azoulay
Ariella Aïsha Azoulay (Hebrew: אריאלה עיישה אזולאי; born Tel Aviv, born February 21, 1962) is an Algerian-Palestinian Jewish author, art curator, filmmaker, and theorist of photography and visual culture. She is a professor of Modern Culture and Media and the Department of Comparative Literature at Brown University and an independent curator of Archives and Exhibitions.

Visual culture
Visual culture is the aspect of culture expressed in visual images. Many academic fields study this subject, including cultural studies, art history, critical theory, philosophy, media studies, Deaf Studies, and anthropology.

The field of visual culture studies in the United States corresponds or parallels the Bildwissenschaft ("image studies") in Germany. Both fields are not entirely new, as they can be considered reformulations of issues of photography and film theory that had been raised from the 1920s and 1930s by authors like Béla Balázs, László Moholy-Nagy, Siegfried Kracauer and Walter Benjamin.
Peterkin (surname)
Peterkin is a surname, alternatively spelled Peterken. It is a medieval diminutive of the given name Peter. Notable people with the surname include:

Alexander Peterkin (1781–1846), Scottish writer

Daisy Ann Peterkin (1884–1952), a dancer professionally known as Mademoiselle Dazie

Elizabeth Helen Peterken, the birth name of Betsy McCaughey, an American politician

Freddie Lee Peterkin, an American singer-songwriter

George William Peterkin (1841–1916), the first Episcopal bishop of West Virginia

Jamie Peterkin, b. 1982, a Saint Lucian Olympic swimmer

Julia Peterkin (1880–1961), a South Carolina fiction writer

Dr. Michael Peterkin, the founder of the Pierro winery in Australia

Major-General Peter Grant Peterkin, b. 1947, a retired British army officer

Rebekah Dulaney Peterkin (1847–1891), an American philanthropist

Wilbur J. Peterkin (1904–1996), an American military officer.

Thomas Peterkin, the Mayor of Lower Hutt (1907 - 1909)

Jamie Peterkin
Jamie Peterkin (born 28 February 1982) is a Saint Lucian swimmer. He swam for Saint Lucia in the 2000 Summer Olympics, finishing 59th in the 50-meter freestyle. He is a member of the University of Kentucky swimming team, specializing in the 50- and 100-meter freestyle events.
Benefit principle
The benefit principle is a concept in the theory of taxation from public finance. It bases taxes to pay for public-goods expenditures on a politically-revealed willingness to pay for benefits received. The principle is sometimes likened to the function of prices in allocating private goods.  In its use for assessing the efficiency of taxes and appraising fiscal policy, the benefit approach was initially developed by Knut Wicksell (1896) and Erik Lindahl (1919), two economists of the Stockholm School. Wicksell's near-unanimity formulation of the principle was premised on a just income distribution. The approach was extended in the work of Paul Samuelson, Richard Musgrave, and others.  It has also been applied to such subjects as tax progressivity, corporation taxes, and taxes on property or wealth. The unanimity-rule aspect of Wicksell's approach in linking taxes and expenditures is cited as a point of departure for the study of constitutional economics in the work of James Buchanan.

Willingness to pay
In behavioral economics, willingness to pay (WTP) is the maximum price at or below which a consumer will definitely buy one unit of a product. This corresponds to the standard economic view of a consumer reservation price. Some researchers, however, conceptualize WTP as a range.

According to the constructed preference view, consumer willingness to pay is a context-sensitive construct; that is, a consumer's WTP for a product depends on the concrete decision context. For example, consumers tend to be willing to pay more for a soft drink in a luxury hotel resort in comparison to a beach bar or a local retail store.
Elena Fernández
Elena Fernández Aréizaga (born July 4, 1956) is a Spanish operations researcher, the former president of the Association of European Operational Research Societies. Topics in her research include facility location, network design, the vehicle routing problem, and heuristic methods for mathematical optimization. She is a professor of statistics and operations research at the University of Cádiz.

Mathematical optimization
Mathematical optimization (alternatively spelled optimisation) or mathematical programming is the selection of a best element, with regard to some criteria, from some set of available alternatives. It is generally divided into two subfields: discrete optimization and continuous optimization. Optimization problems arise in all quantitative disciplines from computer science and engineering to operations research and economics, and the development of solution methods has been of interest in mathematics for centuries.

In the more general approach, an optimization problem consists of maximizing or minimizing a real function by systematically choosing input values from within an allowed set and computing the value of the function. The generalization of optimization theory and techniques to other formulations constitutes a large area of applied mathematics.
Gilson Silva
Gilson Manuel Silva Alves (born 18 March 1987 in Fogo), sometimes known as Ja, is a Cape Verdean football forward, as of 2013 who plays for Olympique du Kef in the Tunisian Ligue Professionnelle 2.

His first youth club was Batuque, he participated in two other clubs abroad, Rapid Bucharest and Nadi al-Jazira in the Emirates, likely the first Cape Verdean player to participate in the youth player.  Gilson Silva appeared in the senior level and his first two clubs were of his nation, Batuque FC in the early part of the 2004–05 season and later Botafogo FC from Fogo.  Gelson later played professional clubs in Tunisia including Étoile Sahel (played as of January 2014), US Monastir, Olympique de Kef and Sbiba.  In between Étoile, outside Tunisia, he played with EA Guingamp, later he played with Ceuta in the Spanish Leagues.

Whilst at Guingamp, then in Ligue 2, Silva played in the 2009 Coupe de France Final in which they beat Rennes.

En Avant Guingamp
En Avant Guingamp (Breton: War-raok Gwengamp, English: Forward Guingamp), commonly referred to as EA Guingamp, EAG, or simply Guingamp (French: [ɡɛ̃ɡɑ̃]), is a French professional football club based in the commune of Guingamp, in France's Brittany region. The club was founded in 1912 and play in Ligue 2, the second tier of French football. The club has appeared in the Ligue 1, the top flight of French football, for 13 seasons, and is known for its relative success given Guingamp's small population of only 7,000 people.

Guingamp are one of only two clubs who have won the Coupe de France while not being in the first division, doing so in 2009, by defeating Rennes, 2–1. They won the same competition in 2014, again with a victory against Rennes, 2–0.
Alexey Maslov
Alexey Fyodorovich Maslov (23 September 1953 – 25 December 2022) was a Russian general of the army who was Commander-in-Chief of the Ground Forces from 2004 to 2008 and Senior Russian Military Representative to NATO from 2008 to 2011.

Siberian Military District
The Siberian Military District was a Military district of the Russian Ground Forces. The district was originally formed as a military district of the Russian Empire in 1864. In 1924 it was reformed in the Red Army. After the end of World War II the district was split into the Western and Eastern Siberian Military Districts. In 1956 the western district's name was changed back to Siberian Military District, and in 1998 the Transbaikal Military District was merged into it. In 2010 it was divided between the two newly formed Central and Eastern Military Districts.
Lisala Airport
Lisala Airport (IATA: LIQ, ICAO: FZGA) is an airport serving the Congo River city of Lisala, the capital of Mongala Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The runway is on the northwestern side of the city.

Lisala
Lisala is the capital of the Mongala Province in northwestern Democratic Republic of the Congo.

The Congo River flows through the city. Its Cathédrale Saint-Hermès is the cathedral episcopal see of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Lisala. It is the birthplace of president Mobutu Sese Seko, who ruled Congo (which he renamed Zaire) from 1965 to 1997.
Jananayak Chandrashekhar University
Jananayak Chandrashekhar University (JNCU), is a state university established in 2016 by Government of Uttar Pradesh in Ballia, Uttar Pradesh with 138 affiliated colleges.  These 138 colleges of Ballia district were formerly affiliated to Mahatma Gandhi Kashi Vidyapith, Varanasi. For academic year 2016-17 exams were conducted by Mahatma Gandhi Kashi Vidyapith, Varanasi but students were awarded a degree of Jananayak Chandrashekhar University.

State university (India)
In India, state universities are run and funded by the state government of each of the states of India.

Following the adoption of the Constitution of India in 1950, education became a state responsibility. Following a constitutional change in 1976, it became a joint responsibility of the states and the central government.

As of 23 August 2022, the UGC lists 456 state universities.
Wadi Dayqah
Wadi Dhaiqah is a wadi, or dry river bed, in a canyon approximately 90 km (56 mi) east of the Bait Hattat (Wadi Adei) roundabout in Muscat, Oman.

As many as 120 other wadis lead to this valley, which contains a natural park extending from Wilayat Dima W'attayyeen in the Sharqiyah region to the Wilayat of Qurayyat in the Governorate of Muscat. Wadi Dhaiqah contains the fruit farms of Al Mazarea, and has been the focus of Omani government plans for a major irrigation project. The water is stored with a dam called Wadi Dhaiqah dam which is located along the Qurayyat - Sur highways road.

Qurayyat, Oman
Qurayyat is a small fishing town 83 km southeast of Muscat, Oman, adjacent to the towns of Sur, Diman Wa Tayeen and Aamerat.

A popular stopping point on the way to Sur, Qurayyat is in itself also a very popular destination for Muscat.

On 28 June 2018, Qurayyat set the record for the highest daily "low" temperature ever recorded at 42.6 °C (108.7 °F).
Laura Ruby
Laura Ruby is an American author of twelve books, including Bone Gap (2015), winner of the 2016 Michael L. Printz Award and finalist for the 2015 National Book Award for Young People's Literature. She is also a professor at Hamline University.

Bone Gap is a coming-of-age mystery about a kidnapping in a small Midwestern town, and it incorporates elements of mythology and magical realism. The New York Times Book Review called it a "lush and original young adult novel". In an interview with Publishers Weekly, Ruby characterized her award-winning novel as an "oddball" book that doesn't fit neatly into one genre.

Michael L. Printz Award
The Michael L. Printz Award is an American Library Association literary award that annually recognizes the "best book written for teens, based entirely on its literary merit". It is sponsored by Booklist magazine; administered by the ALA's young-adult division, the Young Adult Library Services Association (YALSA); and named for the Topeka, Kansas, school librarian Mike Printz, a long-time active member of YALSA.
Up to four worthy runners-up may be designated Honor Books and three or four have been named every year.
Jain art
Jain art refers to religious works of art associated with Jainism. Even though Jainism has spread only in some parts of India, it has made a significant contribution to Indian art and architecture.

In general Jain art broadly follows the contemporary style of Indian Buddhist and Hindu art, though the iconography, and the functional layout of temple buildings, reflects specific Jain needs.  The artists and craftsmen producing most Jain art were probably not themselves Jain, but from local workshops patronized by all religions.  This may not have been the case for illustrated manuscripts, where many of the oldest Indian survivals are Jain.

Jains mainly depict tirthankara or other important people in a seated or standing meditative posture, sometimes on a very large scale. Yaksa and yaksini, attendant spirits who guard the tirthankara, are usually shown with them.

Hansi hoard
The Hansi hoard is a collection of 58 bronze images of Jain Tirthankaras that were accidentally discovered by children on January 19, 1982.  The Archaeological Survey of India excavated the entire hoard, which was located in Hansi, in the Hisar district of Haryana state, India. The collection, found inside Asigarh Fort, dates back to the 8th—9th century, as determined by paleographical analysis, although none of the images are dated.
Divi's Laboratories
Divi's Laboratories Limited is an Indian multinational pharmaceutical company and producer of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and intermediates, headquartered in Hyderabad. The company manufactures and custom synthesizes generic APIs, intermediates. The company also manufactures and supplies nutraceutical ingredients through its subsidiary, Divi's Nutraceuticals. Divi's Laboratories is India's fourth largest publicly listed pharmaceutical company by market capitalization.

Bheemunipatnam mandal
Bheemunipatnam mandal is one of the 46 mandals in Visakhapatnam District. It is under the administration of Bheemunipatnam revenue division and the headquarters is located at Bheemunipatnam. The Mandal is bounded by Padmanabham, Anandapuram mandals in Visakhapatnam District and Bhogapuram mandal in Vizianagaram District. It is a major Suburb and got merged in Greater Visakhapatnam Municipal Corporation. Organisations like INS Kalinga is located in this area.
Gropper
Gropper is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Johann Gropper (1505–1559), German cardinal and church politician

Philipp Gropper (born 1978), German composer and saxophonist

Roberta Gropper (1897–1993), German politician

William Gropper (1897–1977), American cartoonist

Johann Gropper
This is about the 16th century churchman. For the 20th Century political artist, see William Gropper.

Johann Gropper (John or German: Johannes Gropper; 24 February 1503 – 13 March 1559) was a German cardinal and church politician of the Reformation period.
86 (term)
Eighty-six or 86 is American English slang, generally meaning to "get rid of" someone or something.

In the hospitality industry, it is used to indicate that an item is no longer available, traditionally from a food or drinks establishment, or referring to a person or people who are not welcome on the premises. Its etymology is unknown, but the term seems to have been coined in the 1920s or 1930s.

Hospitality industry
The hospitality industry is a broad category of fields within the service industry that includes lodging, food and beverage services, event planning, theme parks, travel agency, tourism, hotels, restaurants, nightclubs, and bars.
Battiste
Battiste is an English surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Harold Battiste (1931–2015), American musical artist

Jaime Battiste (born 1979), Canadian politician

Marie Battiste (born 1949), North American author and educator

Merle Battiste (1933–2009), American chemist

Rose Battiste (1947–2023), American singer

Wally Battiste (1892–1965), English footballer

Harold Battiste
Harold Raymond Battiste Jr. (October 28, 1931 – June 19, 2015) was an American music composer, arranger, performer, and teacher. A native of, and later community leader in, New Orleans, he is best known for his work as an arranger on records by Barbara George, Sam Cooke,  Joe Jones, Lee Dorsey, Sonny and Cher,  Dr. John, and others.
Scanning gate microscopy
Scanning gate microscopy (SGM) is a scanning probe microscopy technique with an electrically conductive tip used as  a movable gate that couples capacitively to the sample and probes electrical transport on the nanometer scale. Typical samples are mesoscopic devices, often based on semiconductor heterostructures, such as quantum point contacts or quantum dots. Carbon nanotubes too have been investigated.

Heterojunction
A heterojunction is an interface between two layers or regions of dissimilar semiconductors. These semiconducting materials have unequal band gaps as opposed to a homojunction. It is often advantageous to engineer the electronic energy bands in many solid-state device applications, including semiconductor lasers, solar cells and transistors. The combination of multiple heterojunctions together in a device is called a heterostructure, although the two terms are commonly used interchangeably. The requirement that each material be a semiconductor with unequal band gaps is somewhat loose, especially on small length scales, where electronic properties depend on spatial properties. A more modern definition of heterojunction is the interface between any two solid-state materials, including crystalline and amorphous structures of metallic, insulating, fast ion conductor and semiconducting materials.
Samuel Adams (priest)
Samuel Adams (23 December 1786 – 8 December 1856) was an Irish Anglican priest in the 19th century.

A graduate of Trinity College, Dublin, he became a Prebendary of Elphin in 1813. He was Dean of Cashel  from 1829  until his death.

Prebendary
A prebendary is a member of the Catholic or Anglican clergy, a form of canon with a role in the administration of a cathedral or collegiate church.  When attending services, prebendaries sit in particular seats, usually at the back of the choir stalls, known as prebendal stalls.
David O. Selznick
David O. Selznick (born David Selznick; May 10, 1902 – June 22, 1965) was an American film producer, screenwriter and film studio executive who produced Gone with the Wind (1939) and Rebecca (1940), both of which earned him an Academy Award for Best Picture. He also won the Irving Thalberg Award at the 12th Academy Awards, Hollywood's top honor for a producer, in recognition of his shepherding Gone with the Wind through a long and troubled production and into a record-breaking blockbuster.

The son and son-in-law of movie moguls Lewis J. Selznick and Louis B. Mayer, Selznick served as head of production at R.K.O. Radio Pictures and went on to become one of the first independent movie producers. His first wife was Mayer's daughter Irene Selznick, who became a highly successful Broadway producer after their divorce, and his second wife was Oscar-winning actress Jennifer Jones.

Theatrical producer
A theatrical producer is a person who is primarily responsible for providing or procuring financial resources for developing a theatre production. The producer oversees the managerial and financial aspects of the production such as budgeting and managing contracts with venues, personnel, and investors.
Cadenza Innovation
Cadenza Innovation Inc. is an American developer and designer of lithium-ion battery technologies and energy storage. The company was founded in 2012 by inorganic chemist and battery researcher Christina Lampe-Önnerud. Cadenza licenses its lithium ion cell architecture to global manufacturers for various energy storage applications.

Inorganic chemistry
Inorganic chemistry deals with synthesis and behavior of inorganic and organometallic compounds. This field covers chemical compounds that are not carbon-based, which are the subjects of organic chemistry. The distinction between the two disciplines is far from absolute, as there is much overlap in the subdiscipline of organometallic chemistry. It has applications in every aspect of the chemical industry, including catalysis, materials science, pigments, surfactants, coatings, medications, fuels, and agriculture.