hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Market correction
A stock market correction is typically defined as drop of more than 10% in the value of a stock index. Corrections end once stocks attain new highs. Stock market corrections are often measured retrospectively from recent highs to their lowest closing price. Each correction is different, but corrections have historically been shorter, sharper, and steeper than bear markets, which are typically defined as a sustained drop of more than 20%.

The most recent example of a stock market correction in the United States was when the S&P 500 fell 18.9% from February 19, 2025 to April 8, 2025. The stock index set a new all-time high on June 27, 2025—marking the end of the correction.

A correction may also be a drop in a commodity price, as in the 2000s United States housing market correction.

Stock market index
In finance, a stock market index or stock index is an index that measures the performance of a stock market, or of a subset of a stock market. It helps investors compare current stock price levels with past prices to calculate market performance.

Two of the primary criteria of an index are that it is investable and transparent: The methods of its construction are specified. Investors may be able to invest in a stock market index by buying an index fund, which is structured as either a mutual fund or an exchange-traded fund, and "tracks" an index. The difference between an index fund's performance and the index, if any, is called tracking error.
Watney
Watney is a popular surname, and there are many notable people that goes by the name. They include, but not limited to:

Ada Annie Watney (1868–1938), Ladies' Automobile Club founder

Claude Watney (1866–1919), British brewery director and motor dealer

Constance Watney (1878–1947), British missionary nurse

Heidi Watney (born 1981), American sportscaster

Herbert Watney (1843–1932), English physician, landowner and philanthropist

James Watney (1800–1884), English brewer and landowner

James Watney Jr (1832–1886), English brewer and politician

Katherine Watney (1870–1958, British missionary nurse

John Watney (1834–1923), English antiquarin, of the Watney brewing family

Nick Watney (born 1981), American golfer

Simon Watney, British writer, art historian and activist

Heidi Watney
Heidi Watney (born May 19, 1981) is an American sportscaster who serves as a reporter for Apple TV+.

A graduate of the University of San Diego, her past sportscasting experience includes roles at MLB Network, New England Sports Network in Boston, Time Warner Cable SportsNet in Los Angeles, and two stations in Fresno.
Steel Serpent
Steel Serpent (Davos) is a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character is usually depicted as an enemy of Iron Fist.

Sacha Dhawan portrays Steel Serpent in the Marvel Cinematic Universe television series Iron Fist.

Supervillain
A supervillain, supervillainess or supercriminal is a variant of the villainous stock character. The character is a common archetype in comic books and other popular culture, often acting as the primary adversary of superheros.

Supervillains are often noted for their ability to foil heroes through the use of superpowers, their mental or physical capabilities, or their criminal influence, often creating grandiose schemes for nefarious purposes, such as world domination.
2021 GT Cup Open Europe
The 2021 GT Cup Open Europe was the third season of the GT Cup Open Europe, the grand tourer-style sports car racing series founded by the Spanish GT Sport Organización. It began on 15 May at Paul Ricard and finished on 24 November at the Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya after five double-header meetings.

Grand tourer
A grand tourer (GT) is a type of car that is designed for high speed, long-distance driving with luxury specifications. The most common format is a front-engine, rear-wheel-drive two-door coupé with either a two-seat or a 2+2 arrangement. Grand tourers are often the coupé derivative of luxury saloons or sedans. Some models, such as the Ferrari 250 GT, Jaguar E-Type, and Aston Martin DB5, are considered classic examples of gran turismo cars.

The term is a near-calque from the Italian language phrase gran turismo, which became popular in the English language in the 1950s, evolving from fast touring cars and streamlined closed sports cars during the 1930s.
Assandrè
Assandrè is a village in central Ivory Coast. It is in the sub-prefecture of Sakassou, Sakassou Department, Gbêkê Region, Vallée du Bandama District.

Assandrè was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1,126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

Gbêkê
Gbêkê Region (also known as Wawlè Region) is one of the 31 regions of Ivory Coast. Since its establishment in 2011, it has been one of two regions in Vallée du Bandama District. The seat of the region is Bouaké and the region's population in the 2021 census was 1,352,900, making it the third-most populous region of Ivory Coast.

Gbêkê is currently divided into four departments: Béoumi, Botro, Bouaké, and Sakassou.
Tajima Station
Tajima Station is the name of two train stations in Japan:

Tajima Station (Nara) (但馬駅), a railway station in Miyake, Shiki District, Nara Prefecture, Japan

Tajima Station (Tochigi) (田島駅), a train station in Sano, Tochigi Prefecture, Japan

Tajima Station (Nara)
Tajima Station (但馬駅, Tajima-eki)  is a passenger railway station located in the town of Miyake, Shiki District, Nara Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by the private transportation company, Kintetsu Railway.
Mary E. Moss Academy
Mary E. Moss Academy is a public, alternative education program serving 6th through 9th grade students residing in Anne Arundel County, Maryland. Most Mary Moss students attend the school at student or parent request, or after extended suspension or expulsion.

Sixth grade
Sixth grade (also 6th grade or grade 6) is the sixth year of formal or compulsory education. Students in sixth grade are usually 11–12 years old, although in some countries, students are aged 12–13 in sixth grade. It is commonly the first grade of middle school or junior secondary school and the seventh school year since kindergarten.
1959 Israeli legislative election
Legislative elections were held in Israel on 3 November 1959 to elect the 120 members of the fourth Knesset. Mapai remained the dominant party, gaining seven seats. Following the elections, Mapai leader David Ben-Gurion formed ninth government on 17 December 1959. His coalition included the National Religious Party, Mapam, Ahdut HaAvoda, the Progressive Party and the three Israeli Arab parties, Progress and Development, Cooperation and Brotherhood and Agriculture and Development. The government had 16 ministers. Mapai's Kadish Luz became the Speaker of the Knesset.

Voter turnout was 81.6%.

Speaker of the Knesset
The speaker of the Knesset (Hebrew: יוֹשֵׁב רֹאשׁ הכנסת, romanized: Yoshev Rosh HaKnesset; Arabic: رئيس الكنيست, romanized: Ra'īs Al-Kinisit, lit. 'Chairman of the Knesset') is the presiding officer of the Knesset, the unicameral legislature of Israel. The Speaker also acts as President of Israel when the President is incapacitated. The current speaker is Amir Ohana, who was elected on 29 December 2022.
Albert Robinson (sprinter)
Albert Robinson (born November 28, 1964) is an American sprinter. He competed in the men's 4 × 100 metres relay at the 1988 Summer Olympics.

Robinson was an All-American sprinter for the Indiana Hoosiers track and field team, finishing runner-up in the 200 m at the 1984 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships.

1984 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships
The 1984 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships were contested May 28 − June 2, 1984 at Hayward Field at the University of Oregon in Eugene, Oregon in order to determine the individual and team national champions of men's and women's collegiate Division I outdoor track and field events in the United States.

These were the 62nd annual men's championships and the third annual women's championships. This was the Ducks' fifth time hosting the event and the first since 1978.

Oregon and Florida State topped the men's and women's team standings, respectively; it was the Ducks' fifth men's team title and the first for the Seminole women.
Luke Ford
Luke Ford (born 26 March 1981) is a Canadian born-Australian actor. His career began in television in 2000 and his first film role was in 2006 before being cast in The Mummy: Tomb of the Dragon Emperor in 2008. Ford's regular television roles include those in the Australian series Underbelly in 2013, Cleverman in 2017, and Amazing Grace in 2021.

Underbelly (TV series)
Underbelly is an Australian television true crime-drama series which first aired on the Nine Network between 13 February 2008 and 1 September 2013, before being revived on 3 April 2022. Each series is based on real-life events. There have been six full series, with season 7 being a miniseries. A 2014 series titled Fat Tony & Co is a sequel to the first series but is not branded under the Underbelly title.
Sheepshanks
Sheepshanks is a surname. Notable people include:

Anne Sheepshanks (1794–1855), English astronomical benefactor

David Sheepshanks, British businessman

Ernest Sheepshanks (1910–1937), English cricketer

John Sheepshanks (disambiguation), multiple people

Richard Sheepshanks (1794–1855), English astronomer
Sheepshanks equatorial, of many things named for Sheepshanks this was refracting telescope of the Royal Observatory at Greenwich

Ernest Sheepshanks
Ernest Richard Sheepshanks (22 March 1910 – 31 December 1937), also known as Dick Sheepshanks, was an English amateur first-class cricketer who played one match for Yorkshire County Cricket Club in 1929, and a war correspondent who was killed in the Spanish Civil War.
Democracy in the Americas
The Democracy in the Americas can be compared according to the different definitions of democracy. The V-Dem Democracy indices considers countries in the Americas with the highest democracy scores in 2023 as Argentina, Canada, Chile, Costa Rica, Uruguay, USA and Jamaica and countries with lowest democracy scores as Nicaragua, Cuba and Venezuela. Democratic backsliding can be observed in parts of the Americas. Democratization is reported by V-Dem Democracy Report 2024 in Brazil, Dominican Republic, Honduras and Bolivia.

Democracy indices
Democracy indices are quantitative and comparative assessments of the state of democracy for different countries according to various definitions of democracy.

The democracy indices differ in whether they are categorical, such as classifying countries into democracies, hybrid regimes, and autocracies, or continuous values. The qualitative nature of democracy indices enables data analytical approaches for studying causal mechanisms of regime transformation processes.

Democracy indices vary in their scope and the weight assigned to different aspects of democracy. These aspects include the breadth and strength of core democratic institutions, freedom of expression, the competitiveness and inclusiveness of polyarchy, governance quality, adherence to democratic norms, co-option of opposition, and other related factors, such as electoral system manipulation, electoral fraud, and popular support of anti-democratic alternatives.
Biswal
Biswal (Odia: ବିଶ୍ୱାଳ) is an Odia surname. People of various castes like Khandayats, Gopals, Chasas use this surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Nisha Desai Biswal (born 1968), American diplomat

Anuradha Biswal (born 1975), Indian athlete

Chiranjib Biswal, Indian politician

Ranjib Biswal (born 1970), Indian cricketer

Khandayat (caste)
Khandayat, also spelled Khandait,  is a cultivating caste, as well as a peasant militia  or landed militia caste from  Odisha, East India. Some of them had earlier served as feudal chiefs as well as zamindars apart from being land holders and agriculturalists. Numerically they are the largest caste of the state. During British raj, they ruled many tributary states in Odisha, including Khordha. Khandayat is recognized as a Socially and Economically Backward Class (SEBC or state OBC, not in central list) in Orissa.
Troupes de la Marine
The Troupes de la Marine (French pronunciation: [tʁup də la maʁin], lit. 'Troops of the Navy') was a French military formation established by Cardinal Richelieu in 1622. It was under the denomination of compagnie ordinaire de la mer, originally intended to serve as marines on ships of French Navy. In 1674, Jean-Baptiste Colbert decided to make permanent colonial troops, who were named Compagnies Franches de la Marine. They were dissolved in the 19th century and reformed under the new designation of the Troupes de Marine, dependent this time however on the Minister of War (Ministère de la Guerre), which means belonging to the French Army (Armée de terre).

Louis XIV's East India Company
Louis XIV's East India Company (French: Compagnie des Indes orientales) was a joint-stock company founded in the Kingdom of France in August 1664 to engage in trade in India and other Asian lands, complementing the French West India Company (French: Compagnie des Indes occidentales) created three months before. It was one of several successive enterprises with similar names, a sequence started with Henry IV's first French East Indies Company in 1604 and continued with Cardinal Richelieu's Compagnie d'Orient in 1642. Planned by Jean-Baptiste Colbert to compete with the English East India Company and Dutch East India Company,: 24  it was chartered by King Louis XIV for the purpose of trading in the Eastern Hemisphere.

Louis XIV's company became insolvent and was reorganized in 1685, and was again bankrupt in 1706. In 1719, what remained of it was acquired by John Law's Company, which in 1723 became the French Indies Company active during much of the 18th century.
Convoy SC 100
Convoy SC 100 was a North Atlantic convoy, one of the SC series  which ran during the battle of the Atlantic in World War II.  It was the 100th of the numbered series of slow convoys of merchant ships from Sydney, Cape Breton Island to Liverpool. It came under attack,  one of several convoy battles that occurred during the autumn and winter of 1942, losing five ships.

German submarine U-259
German submarine U-259 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. The submarine was laid down on 25 March 1941 at the Bremer Vulkan yard at Bremen-Vegesack, launched on 30 December 1941, and commissioned on 18 February 1942 under the command of Kapitänleutnant Klaus Köpke. After training with the 5th U-boat Flotilla at Kiel, U-259 was transferred to the 3rd U-boat Flotilla, based at La Pallice, France, for front-line service from 1 September 1942.

U-259 sank no ships in her short career, and was sunk off North Africa on 15 November 1942, during her second combat patrol, by a British Hudson bomber.
Arnsburger
Arnsburger is a white variety of grape used for wine. It was created 1939 by Heinrich Birk (1898-1973) at the Geisenheim Grape Breeding Institute by crossing two clones of Riesling, clone 88 and clone 64. Arnsburger did not receive varietal protection until 1984. It was named after Arnsburg Abbey, a ruin of a Cistercian abbey in Wetterau, as a homage of the importance of Cistercians in the history of German wine.

Plantations of Arnsburger is very small. Other than in Germany, small plantation on Madeira, in Italy and on New Zealand are known.

Arnsburger has low susceptibility to gray rot, a fruitiness similar to Riesling. It gives higher yields than Müller-Thurgau but lower must weights.

The only synonym of Arnsburger is its breeding code Geisenheim 22- 74.

Arnsburg was used as a crossing partner for Saphira.

Must weight
Must weight is a measure of the amount of sugar in grape juice (must) and, hence, indicates the amount of alcohol that could be produced if it is all fermented to alcohol, rather than left as residual sugar.
Teams4u
Teams4U is a UK-based international development charity that works to improve the lives of vulnerable children, families, and communities in some of the world's most disadvantaged regions. Founded in 2006 by Dave Cooke, the creator of the original Operation Christmas Child shoebox appeal, Teams4U delivers practical aid and sustainable development projects in countries including Uganda, Sierra Leone, Romania, Bosnia, Moldova, Ukraine, Georgia, and Belarus.

Dave Cooke (businessman)
Dave Cooke (born c. 1954) is a British businessman. He is the founder of two charities: Operation Christmas Child and Teams4U.

Cooke founded the charity Operation Christmas Child (now Samaritan's Purse) in 1990 and developed, then worked for, the biggest shoebox programme in the world.
Panama State
The Panama State, officially known as the Federal State of Panama from 1855 to 1863, and as the Sovereign State of Panama from 1863 until 1886 when it was dissolved, was established as one of the states of the Republic of New Granada, and later part of the Granadine Confederation, and the United States of Colombia. The state was established on 27 February 1855 and lasted until 1886 when it was replaced by the Department of Panama. In 1903, the territory of the Panama State achieved independence as the Republic of Panama.

Republic of New Granada
The Republic of New Granada was a centralist unitary republic consisting primarily of present-day Colombia and Panama with smaller portions of today's Costa Rica, Ecuador, Venezuela, Peru and Brazil that existed from 1831 to 1858. The state was created after the dissolution of Great Colombia in 1830 through the secession of Ecuador and Venezuela. In 1858, the state was renamed into the Granadine Confederation.
On 9 May 1834, the national flag was adopted and was used until 26 November 1861, with the Gran Colombian colours in Veles' arrangement. The merchant ensign had the eight-pointed star in white.
Mount Curdie
Mount Curdie is a mountain in the Northern Territory of Australia, with an altitude of 958 metres (3,143 ft) AHD. It is the highest peak in the Curdie Range, which is a section of the Petermann Ranges. The mountain is located on the southern bank of the Hull River, about 40 kilometres (25 mi) southeast of Kaḻṯukatjara. The Great Central Road passes nearby to the north. At the base of the mountain is the valley through which the Hull River flows. The valley contains a place known to local Aboriginal people as Tjunti, where Lasseter's Cave is located.

Ernest Giles named Mount Curdie on 13 March 1874, during his first journey through the Petermann Ranges. He named it after Dr Daniel Curdie, a subscriber to Giles' fund for his expedition. After climbing to the top of Mount Curdie, Giles also gave names to other peaks in the Petermann Ranges, including Mounts Fagan and Miller further to the east.

Petermann Ranges (Australia)
The Petermann Ranges are a mountain range in central Australia. They run 320 km (200 mi) across the border between Western Australia and the southwest corner of the Northern Territory.

Their highest point is 1,158 metres (3,799 ft) above sea level. The range was formed about 550 million years ago during the Petermann Orogeny. The existing geological research has broadly determined that the Petermann Ranges were equivalent in height to the Himalayas.

The Petermanns were named for the geographer August Heinrich Petermann by Ernest Giles, the first European explorer to visit the area, and are commonly associated with the Yurliya ranges, nearby to the west. The area was included in the Katiti-Petermann Indigenous Protected Area in 2012.
1900 Toronto municipal election
Municipal elections were held in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, on January 1, 1900. Incumbent Mayor of Toronto John Shaw chose not to stand for a third term. Former Alderman Ernest A. Macdonald was elected mayor after having been unsuccessful on three previous attempts. He defeated Member of Parliament Edward Frederick Clarke, who was also a former mayor, and Second Ward Alderman John Hallam.

Toronto City Council
Toronto City Council is the governing body of the municipal government of Toronto, Ontario. Meeting at Toronto City Hall, it comprises 25 city councillors and the mayor of Toronto. The current term began on November 15, 2022.
Cynthia Burrows
Cynthia J. Burrows is an American chemist, currently a distinguished professor in the department of chemistry at the University of Utah, where she is also the Thatcher Presidential Endowed Chair of Biological Chemistry. Burrows was the Senior Editor of the Journal of Organic Chemistry (2001-2013) and became Editor-in-Chief of Accounts of Chemical Research in 2014., ,

The Journal of Organic Chemistry
The Journal of Organic Chemistry,  colloquially known as JOC, is a peer-reviewed scientific journal for original contributions of fundamental research in all branches of theory and practice in organic and bioorganic chemistry.  It is published by the publishing arm of the American Chemical Society, with 24 issues per year.  According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal had a 2023 impact factor of 3.3 and it is the journal that received the most cites (100,091 in 2017) in the field of organic chemistry.  According to Web of Knowledge (and as December 2012), eleven papers from the journal have received more than 1,000 citations, with the most cited paper having received 7,967 citations.  The current editor-in-chief is Scott J. Miller from Yale University.
Post Bahadur Bogati
Post Bahadur Bogati (18 July 1953 – 15 September 2014) represented Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) in the CA Election-2008. He was assigned as the General Secretary from the 7th convention of UCPN- Maoist, held in Hetauda. He was the Minister for Information and Communications as well as Minister for Culture, Tourism and Civil Aviation. He was also the vice-chairman of UCPN (Maoist).

Bogati died on 15 September 2014 due to cardiac arrest followed by brain hemorrhage in Norvic International Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal.

Ministry of Communication and Information Technology (Nepal)
The Ministry of Communication and Information Technology (Nepali: सूचना तथा सञ्चार प्रविधि मन्त्रालय) is governmental body of Nepal that manages postal services, telecommunications, broadcasting, press and information and film development in the country.

Through its subdivisions, the ministry informs the public about economic and social activities in Nepal, while promoting democratic culture through ensuring the freedom of expression and the right to information of the People of Nepal.
Its main aim is to make the communications media active and efficient.
Narvsky Municipal Okrug
Narvsky Municipal Okrug (Russian: На́рвский муниципа́льный о́круг) is a municipal okrug in Kirovsky District, one of the eighty-one low-level municipal divisions  of the federal city of St. Petersburg, Russia. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 30,810, up from 29,822 recorded during the 2002 Census.

It was formerly known as Municipal Okrug 29 (муниципальный округ №29).

Okrug
An okrug is a type of administrative division in some Slavic-speaking states. The word okrug is a loanword in English, alternatively translated as area, district, county, or region.

Etymologically, okrug literally means 'circuit', derived from Proto-Slavic *okrǫgъ, in turn from *ob- "around" + *krǫgъ "circle". In meaning, the word is similar to the German term Bezirk or Kreis ('district') and the French word arrondissement; all of which refer to something "encircled" or "surrounded".
Cool Kids (TV program)
Cool Kids (Korean: 요즘애들; RR: Yojeumaedeul) is a South Korean variety show program on JTBC starring Yoo Jae-suk, Kim Shin-young, Ahn Jung-hwan, Haon and Kwanghee.

The show aired from December 2, 2018. It was broadcast by JTBC on Sundays at 23:20 (KST) and ended on May 12, 2019.

Haon (rapper)
Kim Ha-on (Korean: 김하온; born July 7, 2000), better known mononymously as Haon, is a South Korean rapper. He is the winner of High School Rapper 2. He appeared as a contestant on both High School Rapper 1 and  High School Rapper 2. He released his first EP, Travel: Noah, on September 5, 2018.