hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Valeric acid
Valeric acid or  pentanoic acid is a straight-chain alkyl carboxylic acid with the chemical formula CH3(CH2)3COOH. Like other low-molecular-weight carboxylic acids, it has an unpleasant odor.  It is found in the perennial flowering plant Valeriana officinalis, from which it gets its name. Its primary use is in the synthesis of its esters. Salts and esters of valeric acid are known as valerates or pentanoates. Volatile esters of valeric acid tend to have pleasant odors and are used in perfumes and cosmetics. Several, including ethyl valerate and pentyl valerate are used as food additives because of their fruity flavors.

Alkyl group
In organic chemistry, an alkyl group is an alkane missing one hydrogen.
The term alkyl is intentionally unspecific to include many possible substitutions. 
An acyclic alkyl has the general formula of −CnH2n+1. A cycloalkyl group is derived from a cycloalkane by removal of a hydrogen atom from a ring and has the general formula −CnH2n−1.
Typically an alkyl is a part of a larger molecule. In structural formulae, the symbol R is used to designate a generic (unspecified) alkyl group. The smallest alkyl group is methyl, with the formula −CH3.
Kerri-Anne Kennerley
Kerri-Anne Kennerley (née Wright; born 22 September 1953) is an Australian television and radio presenter, actress and singer. She has more than 50 years in the industry, and is an inductee into the Logie Hall of Fame. Kennerley co-hosted Network 10's breakfast television program Good Morning Australia for 11 years. She then went on to replace Tracy Grimshaw and David Reyne as the host of Midday, making the show Midday with Kerri-Anne. After leaving Midday, she hosted her own breakfast television show on the Nine Network called Kerri-Anne (originally titled Mornings with Kerri-Anne) and was more recently a co-host on Network 10's Studio 10. She starred in Pippin at the Sydney Lyric Theatre in 2020 as Pippin's grandmother, Berthe.

Tracy Grimshaw
Tracy Grimshaw (born 3 June 1960) is an Australian former journalist and television presenter.

Grimshaw is best known for her work with the Nine Network where she was the host of A Current Affair from 2006 to 2022 and the co-host of Today from 1996 until 2005.

Grimshaw returned to the network in 2024 to host a new medical program, Do You Want to Live Forever?
Canada at the 2002 Winter Paralympics
Canada competed in the 2002 Winter Paralympics in Salt Lake City, United States, from March 7 to 16, 2002. A total of 27 athletes (23 male and 4 female), were sent by the Canadian Paralympic Committee to compete in three sports. Canada won 15 medals and finished sixth on the medal table, the best finish at the Winter Paralympics at that time.

2002 Winter Paralympics
The 2002 Winter Paralympics, the eighth Paralympic Winter Games, were held in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States, from 7 to 16 March 2002. A total of 416 athletes from 36 nations participated. They were the first Winter Paralympics in the American continent.
These were the first Paralympic Winter Games for Andorra, Chile, China, Croatia, Greece, and Hungary. Ragnhild Myklebust of Norway won five gold medals in skiing and biathlon, becoming the most successful Winter Paralympic athlete of all time with 22 medals, 17 of them gold.
Born Yesterday (1993 film)
Born Yesterday is a 1993 American comedy film based on the play of the same name by Garson Kanin. It stars Melanie Griffith, John Goodman, and Don Johnson. It was adapted by Douglas McGrath and directed by Luis Mandoki.

It is a remake of the 1950 film of the same name that starred Broderick Crawford, Judy Holliday (in an Oscar-winning performance), and William Holden.

Broderick Crawford
William Broderick Crawford (December 9, 1911 – April 26, 1986) was an American actor. He is best known for his portrayal of Willie Stark in the film All the King's Men (1949), which earned him an Academy Award and a Golden Globe Award. Often cast in tough-guy or slob roles, he later achieved recognition for his starring role as Dan Mathews in the crime television series Highway Patrol (1955–1959).
Akademik Sergey Vavilov
Akademik Sergey Vavilov (Russian: Академик Сергей Вавилов) is a Russian (formerly Soviet) research vessel, named after physicist Sergey Vavilov. She was completed on 12 February 1988, at the Hollming Yard in Rauma, Finland for the Soviet Union. Akademik Sergey Vavilov started operations as a research vessel of Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of the USSR Academy of Science (Russian Academy of Science since 1991) in the USSR on 20 March 1989, and prior to 7 November 1999, completed five research cruises into Norwegian Sea, North Atlantic Ocean and South Atlantic Ocean.

Since at least 1996, she has served as cruise ship specializing in polar cruises. She is managed by International Shipping Partners and her current port of registry is Kaliningrad, Russia.

She has a sister ship, Akademik Ioffe, completed at Hollming in 1989. Both ships were chartered by One Ocean Expeditions until 2019.

Rauma, Finland
Rauma (Finnish: [ˈrɑu̯mɑ]; Swedish: Raumo) is a town in Finland, on the western coast of the country. Rauma is in the Satakunta region, by the Gulf of Bothnia. The population of Rauma is approximately 39,000, while the sub-region has a population of approximately 65,000. It is the 29th most populous municipality in Finland.

Rauma lies 92 kilometres (57 mi) north of Turku and 50 kilometres (31 mi) south of Pori. Its neighbouring municipalities are Eura, Eurajoki, Laitila and Pyhäranta. Granted town privileges on 17 April 1442 (then under the rule of Sweden), Rauma is known for its paper and maritime industry, high quality lace (since the 18th century) and the old wooden architecture of the city centre (Old Rauma, Vanha Rauma), which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Claude Longchamp
Claude Longchamp (born 14 March 1957) is a Swiss historian and political scientist (with no university degree). He is a prominent political analyst for Swiss national television and radio, and he is the main figure behind the research institute gfs.bern, which conducts both the main pre- and post-vote polls and projections of national votes in Switzerland.

Economic policy
The economy of governments covers the systems for setting levels of taxation, government budgets, the money supply and interest rates as well as the labour market, national ownership, and many other areas of government interventions into the economy.

Most factors of economic policy can be divided into either fiscal policy, which deals with government actions regarding taxation and spending, or monetary policy, which deals with central banking actions regarding the money supply and interest rates.

Such policies are often influenced by international institutions like the International Monetary Fund or World Bank as well as political beliefs and the consequent policies of parties.
Da Dirty 30
Da Dirty 30 is the only studio album by American hip hop trio Cru. It was released on June 24, 1997, as a joint production by Def Jam Recordings and Violator Entertainment, with the entire production of the album coming from the group's producer Yogi. It features guest appearances from Black Rob, Anthony Hamilton, Antoinette, Jim Hydro, Ras Kass, Slick Rick, The Lox and Tracey Lee. The album was met with positive reviews but was not a huge commercial success, peaking at number 102 on the Billboard 200, number 26 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums and topped the Top Heatseekers.

Two singles made it to the charts: "Just Another Case", which made it to No. 68 on the Billboard Hot 100, and "Bubblin'", which peaked at No. 23 on the Hot Rap Singles chart.

Hot Rap Songs
Hot Rap Songs (formerly known as Hot Rap Tracks and Hot Rap Singles) is a chart released weekly by Billboard in the United States. It lists the 25 most popular hip-hop/rap songs, calculated weekly by airplay on rhythmic and urban radio stations and sales in hip hop-focused or exclusive markets. Streaming data, digital downloads and All-Format radio stations were added to the methodology of determining chart rankings in 2012. From 1989 through 2001, it was based on how much the single sold in that given week.
Lipman Hearne
Lipman Hearne is a Chicago-based marketing and communications firm  focused on the nonprofit sector. It traces its roots back to the founding of Lipman Design in 1966 and Hearne Communications in 1969.

In 1988, these two companies merged, creating Lipman Hearne, Inc.

Lipman Hearne is a member of the American Association of Advertising Agencies (AAAA) and has won a number of Higher Education Marketing Report Educational Advertising Awards, Telly Awards, Webby Awards, and Communicator Awards.

American Association of Advertising Agencies
The American Association of Advertising Agencies (4As) is a U.S. trade association for advertising agencies which was founded in 1917. It serves over 600 member agencies across 1,200 offices, which control more than 85% of total U.S. advertising spend.

Its goal is to "foster, strengthen and improve the advertising agency business; to advance the cause of advertising as a whole; and to aid member agencies in operating more efficiently and profitably" by aiding member agencies with ad industry expertise, marketing research, training and professional development, lobbying, and even insurance benefits for employees.
Culture Creep
Culture Creep: Notes on the Pop Apocalypse is a 2025 essay collection by Alice Bolin published by Mariner Books. In seven essays, Bolin tackles "cults, corporate thought control and the end of the world as we know it" with regard to contemporary life; other topics include feminism, internet culture, and video games. One of its essays, about Sex and the City and "feminist despair," was excerpted in Literary Hub.

Mariner Books
Mariner Books, originally an imprint of HMH Books, was established in 1997 as a publisher of fiction, non-fiction, and poetry in trade paperback. Mariner is also the publisher of the Harvest backlist, formerly published by Harcourt Brace/Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. HarperCollins bought HMH in May 2021 for US$349 million. As of fall 2021, Mariner Books was listed as an imprint of HarperCollins.
Lomatium suksdorfii
Lomatium suksdorfii (Suksdorf's desertparsley) is a perennial herb of the family Apiaceae that grows in Washington and Oregon, United States.

It is 50–200 cm tall, glabrous, caulescent, and has a taproot. It flowers from late March to May, with compound umbels of yellow flowers, each umbellule enclosed by thin bracts. The leaves have long petioles and are dissected into long, thin blades.

Taproot
A taproot is a large, central, and dominant root from which other roots sprout laterally and horizontally. Typically, a taproot is somewhat straight and very thick, is tapering in shape, and grows directly downward. In some plants, such as the carrot, the taproot is a storage organ so well developed that it has been cultivated as a vegetable.

The taproot system contrasts with the adventitious- or fibrous-root system of plants with many branched roots, but many plants that grow a taproot during germination go on to develop branching root structures, although some that rely on the main root for storage may retain the dominant taproot for centuries—for example, Welwitschia.
Teymour Boutros-Ghali
Teymour Boutros-Ghali is an investor and entrepreneur.

He earned his BA in Electrical Engineering from Cambridge University, a PhD in Plasma Physics from MIT and a SM in Management from the Sloan School of Management.

After starting his career at the Boston Consulting Group, Teymour was a Senior Executive with Time Warner both in operations and investments.

He was CEO of AllBusiness (which was sold to NBC), Zowie Intertainment (acquired by LEGO) and Thrive Online (sold to AOL).

He is co-founder and Managing Partner of BOLD Capital Partners, an investment partnership formed with Peter Diamandis and Singularity University. He was also co-founder and Managing Partner of Monitor Ventures.

Zowie Intertainment
Zowie Intertainment was a smart toy research company founded in 1998 by a group of engineers from Interval Research Corporation that focused on applying various computer and sensor technology research to smart toy development. In 2000, toy design and manufacturing firm Lego acquired ownership of Zowie Intertainment as part of their smart toy division.

Zowie Intertainment primarily relied on embedding proprietary RF sensors and recognition technologies in physical toys such as plastic figurines to create different game play and interaction experiences that could also be interfaced via a computer screen.
Corcovado Volcano
Corcovado Volcano (Spanish pronunciation: [koɾkoˈβaðo]) is a stratovolcano located about 25 kilometres (16 mi) south of the mouth of the Yelcho River, in the Palena Province, Los Lagos Region, Chile. The glacially eroded volcano is flanked by Holocene cinder cones. The volcano's base has likely prehistoric lava flows that are densely vegetated. The most distinctive feature of this volcano is its stepped top, similar to that of Puntiagudo Volcano. At its foot lies a series of lakes. Corcovado dominates the landscape of the Gulf of Corcovado area and is visible from Chiloé Island, weather permitting.

The volcano and the adjacent area form part of Corcovado National Park. The town of Chaitén is the main gateway to this protected area. Much of the town was heavily damaged following an explosive eruption of Chaitén Volcano and the resultant lahars in 2008, but has since been rebuilt.

Lahar
A lahar ( /ˈlɑːhɑːr/, from Javanese: lahar, ꦭꦲꦂ) is a violent type of mudflow or debris flow composed of a slurry of pyroclastic material, rocky debris and water. The material flows down from a volcano, typically along a river valley.

Lahars are often extremely destructive and deadly; they can flow tens of metres per second, they have been known to be up to 140 metres (460 ft) deep, and large flows tend to destroy any structures in their path. Notable lahars include those at Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines and Nevado del Ruiz in Colombia, the latter of which killed more than 20,000 people in the Armero tragedy.
Judy Junor
Judy Junor (born July 27, 1948) is a Canadian provincial politician. Judy was a New Democratic Party (NDP) member of the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan for the constituency of Saskatoon Eastview.

Born in North Battleford, she grew up in Saskatoon and received a diploma from St. Paul's School of Nursing in 1969. She worked as a nurse in Saskatoon and served as president of the Saskatchewan Union of Nurses and as vice-president of the Saskatchewan Federation of Labour.

She was first elected to the legislature in a 1998 by-election following the resignation of Bob Pringle. Junor served in the provincial cabinet as associate minister of Health, as Provincial Secretary and as Minister of Learning.

She lost in the 2011 election to Corey Tochor of the Saskatchewan Party.

North Battleford
North Battleford is a city in west-central Saskatchewan, Canada. It is the seventh largest city in the province and is directly across the North Saskatchewan River from the town of Battleford. Together, the two communities are known as "The Battlefords".

North Battleford and the greater Battlefords area are a notable stop along the Yellowhead Highway, part of the Trans-Canada system, and serve as a commercial and cultural hub for west- and north-central Saskatchewan. Together, the Battlefords are served by the Yellowhead Highway as well as Highway 4, Highway 26, Highway 29, and Highway 40.

Battlefords Provincial Park is 40 kilometres (25 mi) north on Highway 4.
Premadasa cabinet
The Premadasa cabinet was the central government of Sri Lanka led by President Ranasinghe Premadasa between 1989 and 1993. It was formed in January 1989 after the presidential election and it ended in May 1993 with Premadasa's assassination.

Ranasinghe Premadasa
Sri Lankabhimanya Ranasinghe Premadasa (Sinhala: රණසිංහ ප්‍රේමදාස Raṇasiṃha Premadāsa; Tamil: ரணசிங்க பிரேமதாசா Raṇaciṅka Pirēmatācā; 23 June 1924 – 1 May 1993) was a Sri Lankan politician and statesman who served as the third President of Sri Lanka from 1989 until his assassination in 1993. He previously served as Prime Minister of Sri Lanka from 1978 to 1989, with his tenure making him the longest-serving uninterrupted Prime Minister of Sri Lanka.

Amongst Sri Lankans, Premadasa has left behind a mixed legacy. While he was seen as a spokesperson of the poor, common man, his handling of the country's two civil conflicts, the JVP insurrection and the Sri Lankan civil war, have been heavily criticised. He was the first person to be conferred with the Sri Lankabhimanya, Sri Lanka's highest civilian award, in 1986 by president J. R. Jayewardene.
Shuangqiao station (Suzhou Metro)
Shuangqiao Station (Chinese: 双桥) is a station on Line 5 of the Suzhou Metro. The station is located in Gusu District, Jiangsu. It has been in use since June 29, 2021, when Line 5 first opened to the public.

Gusu, Suzhou
Gusu District (simplified Chinese: 姑苏区; traditional Chinese: 姑蘇區; pinyin: Gūsū Qū) is one of five urban districts and the main district of Suzhou, Jiangsu province, China. It was created on 1 September 2012 by the merger of the three former districts of Canglang, Pingjiang, and Jinchang.
Tufveson House
The Tufveson House is a Queen Anne style house in Minot, North Dakota, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.

The house was built in 1900. The builder of the home was Nils Tufveson, an immigrant from Sweden.
Nils Tufveson was born  at  Eslöv in Skåne, Sweden. He was married to  Kersti Olsdotter Tufveson who was born at Simrishamn in  Skåne, Sweden. Tufveson was one of the early settlers of the Souris River Valley, arriving in the area by 1884.

Simrishamn Municipality
Simrishamn Municipality (Swedish: Simrishamns kommun) is a municipality in Skåne County in southern Sweden. Its seat is located in the city  Simrishamn.

The creation of the present municipality took place during the last of the two nationwide municipal reforms carried out in Sweden during the second half of the 20th century. In 1969 a number of surrounding rural municipalities were merged with the City of Simrishamn. The enlarged city became a municipality of unitary type in 1971 and in 1974 more territory was added. The number of original entities (pre-1952) is twenty.
Pyramidula (gastropod)
Pyramidula is a genus of very small, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the family Pyramidulidae.

Pyramidula is the type genus of the family Pyramidulidae.

Terrestrial mollusc
Terrestrial molluscs or land molluscs (mollusks) are an ecological group that includes all molluscs that live on land in contrast to freshwater and marine molluscs. They probably first occurred in the Carboniferous, arising from freshwater ones.
National University of Ireland
The National University of Ireland (NUI; Irish: Ollscoil na hÉireann)  is a federal university system of constituent universities (previously called constituent colleges) and recognised colleges set up under the Irish Universities Act 1908, and significantly amended by the Universities Act, 1997.

The constituent universities are for all essential purposes independent universities, except that the degrees and diplomas are those of the National University of Ireland with its seat in Dublin.

In post-nominals, the abbreviation NUI  is used for degrees from all the constituent universities of the National University of Ireland.

National College of Art and Design
The National College of Art and Design (NCAD) is Ireland's oldest art institution, offering the largest range of art and design degrees at undergraduate and postgraduate level in the country. Originating as a drawing school in 1746, many of the most important Irish artists, designers and art educators have studied or taught in the college. NCAD has always been located in central Dublin, and in 1980 it relocated to the historic Liberties area. The College has around 950 full-time students and a further 600 pursuing part-time courses, and NCAD's students come from more than forty countries. NCAD is a Recognised College of University College Dublin. It is also a member of the European League of Institutes of the Arts.
Dobrinski
Dobrinski or Dobrinsky, feminine: Dobrinskaya is an East Slavic form of the Polish surname Dobrzyński. Ukrainian forms: Dobrynsky, Dobrynska Notable people with the surname include:

Cynthia Dobrinski (1950–2021), American composer and arranger of handbell music

Isaac Dobrinsky (1891–1973), Polish-French sculptor and painter

Mike Dobrinski, American politician

Nataliya Dobrynska, Ukrainian athlete

Mike Dobrinski
Mike Dobrinski is an American politician serving as a member of the Oklahoma House of Representatives from the 59th district. He assumed office in 2020, and ran unopposed in 2022.  He is the author of a bill which threatens to ban Tesla Service Centers in Oklahoma.  As of February 29, 2024, there are three active versions of this bill: HB3105, HB3104 and SB2022.
Walter Robinson (artist)
Walter Rossiter Robinson III  (July 18, 1950 – February 9, 2025), also known as Mike Robinson, was an American painter, publisher, art curator, and art writer, based in New York City. He was called a Neo-pop painter, as well as a member of the 1980s Pictures Generation. Robinson was the subject of the 632 page book A Kiss Before Dying: Walter Robinson – A Painter of Pictures and Arbiter of Critical Pleasures by Richard Milazzo published in 2021 with an Italian translation by Ginevra Quadrio Curzio. In 2025, Robinson was bestowed a posthumous doctorate degree in Fine Art from the New York Academy of Art, who also created The Walter Robinson Scholarship in his name.

Neo-pop
Neo-pop (also known as new pop) is a postmodern art movement that surged in the 1980s and 1990s. It is a resurgent, evolved, and modern version of the ideas of pop art artists from the 50s, capturing some of its commercial ideas and kitsch aspects. However, unlike in pop art, Neo-pop takes inspiration from a wider amount of sources and techniques.
Port of Abra de Ilog
The Port of Abra de Ilog (Filipino: Pantalan ng Abra de Ilog) is a seaport in Abra de Ilog, Occidental Mindoro in the Philippines. It is the main seaport of northern Occidental Mindoro. Household consumption goods are the main cargoes imported in the port while outgoing cargoes are agricultural products such as corn, rice, and livestock. The port has a Passenger Terminal Building which occupies 159 square metres (1,710 sq ft) of space and can accommodate up to 100 people. The port has an two 81 metres (266 ft) RC pier with four ramps for RORO ferries. As of 2023, Montenegro Shipping Lines, Island Water and Besta Shipping Lines (orange navigation) have destinations from Abra de Ilog to Batangas, while Caribbean lines (pump boat) has a destination to Balatero (Puerto Galera).

Abra de Ilog
Abra de Ilog, officially the Municipality of Abra de Ilog (Tagalog: Bayan ng Abra de Ilog),  is a municipality in the province of  Occidental Mindoro , Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 31,910 people.
Chester Road North Ground, Kidderminster
The Chester Road North Ground, often referred to simply as Chester Road or Kidderminster, is a cricket ground in Kidderminster, Worcestershire, England. It is the home of Kidderminster Cricket Club, and is currently used for Worcestershire County Cricket Club's Second XI matches. It was opened in 1870.

Pro40
The NatWest Pro40 League was a one-day cricket league for first-class cricket counties in England and Wales. It was inaugurated in 1999, but was essentially the old Sunday League retitled to reflect large numbers of matches being played on days other than Sunday.