hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ville Radieuse
Ville radieuse (French pronunciation: [vil ʁaˈdjøːz]; lit. 'Radiant City') was an unrealised urban design project designed by the French-Swiss architect Le Corbusier in 1930. It constitutes one of the most influential and controversial urban design doctrines of European modernism.

Although Le Corbusier had exhibited his ideas for the ideal city, the Ville contemporaine, in the 1920s, during contact with international planners he began work on the Ville Radieuse. In 1930 he had become an active member of the syndicalist movement and proposed the Ville radieuse as a blueprint of social reform.

The principles of the Ville radieuse were incorporated into his later publication, the Athens Charter published in 1933.

His utopian ideal formed the basis of a number of urban plans during the 1930s and 1940s culminating in the design and construction of the first Unité d'habitation in Marseille in 1952.

Unité d'habitation
The Unité d'habitation (French pronunciation: [ynite dabitasjɔ̃], Housing Unit; Occitan: Unitat d'abitacion) is a modernist residential housing typology developed by Le Corbusier, with the collaboration of painter-architect Nadir Afonso. It formed the basis of several housing developments throughout Europe designed by Le Corbusier and sharing the same name and reached prominence in the 1950s and 60s.

The most famous of these buildings is located in the southern part of Marseille, France. It was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2016 because of its importance to the development of modernist architecture, along with 16 other works by Le Corbusier. It is also designated a historic monument by the French Ministry of Culture. It was damaged by fire on 9 February 2012.
1959 World Figure Skating Championships
The World Figure Skating Championships is an annual figure skating competition sanctioned by the International Skating Union in which figure skaters compete for the title of World Champion.

The 1959 competitions for men, ladies, pair skating, and ice dancing took place in Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA.

Karl Enderlin
Karl Enderlin (1 August 1923 – 11 November 2004 in Zürich) was a Swiss figure skater. He was a four-time (1940–1942, 1945) Swiss national champion. He represented Switzerland at the 1948 Winter Olympics where he placed 14th.
2020–21 Long Beach State Beach men's basketball team
The 2020–21 Long Beach State men's basketball team represented California State University, Long Beach, in the 2020–21 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Beach were led by 14th-year head coach Dan Monson and played their home game at the Walter Pyramid in Long Beach, California as a member of the Big West Conference. In a season limited due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, they finished the season 6–12, 4–8 in Big West play to finish in ninth place. They defeated Cal State Northridge in the first round of the Big West tournament before losing to UC Santa Barbara in the quarterfinals.

2021 Big West Conference men's basketball tournament
The 2021 Big West Conference men's basketball tournament was the postseason men's basketball tournament for the Big West Conference of the 2020-21 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. It was held from March 9–13, 2021 at the Michelob Ultra Arena in Paradise, Nevada. The winner received the conference's automatic bid to the 2021 NCAA tournament.
Cec Fifield
Cec "Dicky" Fifield (1903–1957) was an Australian rugby league footballer who played in the 1920s and 1930s, and coached in the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s. An Australian international and New South Wales interstate representative centre, he played in the NSWRFL premiership for Sydney clubs, Western Suburbs, Balmain and Canterbury-Bankstown, as well as in England for Hull FC. Following his playing career, Fifield returned to the NSWRFL premiership as coach, first with Canterbury-Bankstown then with Parramatta.

New South Wales Rugby League premiership
The New South Wales Rugby League premiership was the first rugby league football club competition established in Australia and contributor to today's National Rugby League. Run by the New South Wales Rugby League (initially named the New South Wales Rugby Football League) from 1908 until 1994, the premiership was the state's elite rugby league competition, parallel to Queensland's first-class league, the Brisbane Rugby League.

For most of the premiership's history it was contested by clubs from the state of New South Wales only, but later attempted to grow into a nationwide competition, eventually leading to the competition being played under the auspices of the Australian Rugby League in 1995.  Despite this name, the 1995 and 1996 Australian Rugby League Premierships competitions were still administered by the Board and staff of the New South Wales Rugby League.
The Faithful Bride of Granada
The Faithful Bride of Granada is a 1704 tragedy by the English writer William Taverner. It was the only tragedy by Tarverner, better known for his comedies.

The original cast included John Mills as Abdolin, Robert Wilks as Abinomin, Philip Griffin as Osmin, Benjamin Husband as Albovade, Jane Rogers as Zelinda, Frances Maria Knight as Abenede and Mary Kent as Zaida.

Philip Griffin
Philip Griffin was an English stage actor of the seventeenth century and early eighteenth century. He joined the King's Company at Drury Lane during the 1670s, and was later a member of the merged United Company from 1685. He was named as a manager at Drury Lane in 1695, but then took military service and was styled as Captain Griffin. In 1699 he went to act in Dublin as part of Joseph Ashbury's company at the Smock Alley Theatre, but was back in London where he acted until retired from the stage in 1707.
Hutu Ten Commandments
The "Hutu Ten Commandments" (also "Ten Commandments of the Bahutu") was a document published in the December 1990 edition of Kangura, an anti-Tutsi, Hutu Power Rwandan-language newspaper in Kigali, Rwanda. The Hutu Ten Commandments are often cited as a prime example of anti-Tutsi propaganda that was promoted by genociders in Rwanda following the 1990 invasion by the Tutsi-dominated Rwandan Patriotic Front and prior to the 1994 Rwandan genocide. The chief editor of Kangura, Hassan Ngeze, was convicted of genocide and crimes against humanity in 2003 by the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda and was sentenced to 35 years' imprisonment.

Tutsi
The Tutsi (/ˈtʊtsi/ TUUT-see), also called Watusi, Watutsi or Abatutsi (Kinyarwanda pronunciation: [ɑ.βɑ.tuː.t͡si]), are an ethnic group established primarily in Rwanda and Burundi. They are a Bantu-speaking people and the second-largest of three main ethnic groups in Rwanda and Burundi, the other two being the Hutu and Twa.

Historically, the Tutsi were pastoralists and filled the ranks of the warrior caste. Before 1962, they regulated and controlled Rwandan society, which consisted of Tutsi aristocrats and Hutu commoners under a clientship structure. The Tutsi occupied the dominant positions in the sharply stratified society and constituted the ruling class.
Brian Lennard
Brian Douglas Lennard (18 June 1935 – 27 June 2019) founded Sacha Shoes – a chain of 200 shoe shops in the UK. He gambled away much of his fortune and was an early member of Gamblers Anonymous which he helped to establish in the UK. He was married to actress Marilyn Galsworthy, who divorced him after finding out he lost most of their fortune. Lennard had three daughters with  Galsworthy, Jasmine Lennard, Pandora and Jessica.

Gamblers Anonymous
Gamblers Anonymous (GA) is an international fellowship of people who have a compulsive gambling problem. They meet regularly to share their "experiences, strength and hope", so they can help each other solve the problems compulsive gambling has created in their lives, and to help others recover from the addiction of compulsive gambling. The only requirement for membership is a desire to stop gambling, as stated in the GA Combo book page 2.

Gamblers Anonymous uses the term "Compulsive Gambling" instead of "pathological gambling" or "problem gambling" or a "gambling disorder", terms preferred by clinicians and the American Psychiatric Association (APA).
Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series) season 14
Bigg Boss 14, also known as Bigg Boss: Ab Scene Paltega, was the fourteenth season of the Indian reality TV series Bigg Boss. It premiered on 3 October 2020 on Colors TV. Salman Khan hosted the season for the eleventh time. The Grand Finale took place on 21 February 2021 where Rubina Dilaik emerged as the winner and Rahul Vaidya became runner-up.

Apart from the usual hour-long episode, viewers also had access to the direct 24x7 camera footage. The
viewers also had access to Before TV on Voot Select where episode was telecast 15 minutes before it was telecast on Colors TV.

Voot
Voot was an Indian subscription video-on-demand and over-the-top streaming service owned by Viacom18, a joint venture between Reliance Industries, Network18. The service was initially launched on 4 May 2016. It initially launched as an advertising-supported service, before introducing a subscription tier in 2020 under the Voot Select banner.
Dmitry Pertsev
Dmitry Illarionovich Pertsev (Russian: Дмитрий Илларионович Перцев) was a Soviet military officer, conductor, and composer. He served as director of music for the Military Band Service of the Leningrad Military District from 1965 to 1977.

Military Band of the Western Military District
Military Band of the Western Military District is a ceremonial band unit of the Russian Armed Forces's which currently serves in the headquarters of the Western Military District. The band is one of the oldest military bands in Russia.
Bogue Flower (Tallahatta Creek tributary)
Bogue Flower is a stream in the U.S. state of Mississippi. It is a tributary to Tallahatta Creek.

Bogue Flower is a name derived from the Choctaw language meaning "long creek" (the element "flower" in this context is a corruption of an Indian word).  A variant name is "Bogue Flower Creek".

During the Meridian campaign in February 1864, General William Sherman camped alongside Bogue Flower.

The Bogue Flower Boys is a bluegrass group from Suqualena, Mississippi.

Choctaw language
The Choctaw language (Choctaw: Chahta), spoken by the Choctaw, an Indigenous people of the Southeastern Woodlands, US, is a member of the Muskogean language family. Chickasaw is a separate but closely related language to Choctaw.

The Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma published the New Choctaw dictionary in 2016.
Owen Southwell
Owen James Trainor Southwell (1892–1961) was an American architect who practiced in the early 1900s in Atlanta, Georgia; Beaumont, Texas; and New Iberia, Louisiana. His architecture style was a mixture of Southern Greek revival, other revival styles, and antebellum.

Antebellum architecture
Antebellum architecture (from Antebellum South, Latin for "pre-war") is the neoclassical architectural style characteristic of the 19th-century Southern United States, especially the Deep South, from after the birth of the United States with the American Revolution, to the start of the American Civil War. Antebellum architecture is especially characterized by Georgian, Neo-classical, and Greek Revival style homes and mansions. These plantation houses were built in the southern American states during roughly the 30 years before the American Civil War; approximately between the 1830s to 1860s.
Maju Expressway
The E20 Maju Expressway (MEX) (formerly known as Kuala Lumpur–Putrajaya Expressway (KLPE) and KL–KLIA Dedicated Expressway) (Malay: Lebuhraya Kuala Lumpur-Putrajaya) is an expressway network in Klang Valley, Malaysia. The 26 km (16 mi)-long expressway links the Kuala Lumpur City Centre with the Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA) in Sepang, Selangor. The expressway is a backbone of the Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC) area.

The Kilometre Zero is located at Kampung Pandan Interchange, Kuala Lumpur, just outside the Tun Razak Exchange.

Klang Valley
2°40′54″N 101°39′41″E﻿ / ﻿2.68168°N 101.66127°E﻿ / 2.68168; 101.66127

Klang Valley (Malay: Lembah Klang) is an urban agglomeration in Malaysia centred on the federal territories of Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya, along with their surrounding cities and towns in the state of Selangor. It is part of the larger Greater Kuala Lumpur metropolitan area.

The Klang Valley is geographically defined by the Titiwangsa Mountains to the east and the Strait of Malacca to the west. It stretches to Rawang in the northwest, Semenyih in the southeast and Klang and Port Klang in the southwest. The conurbation forms the core of Malaysia's industrial and commercial activity. As of 2022, the Klang Valley is home to around 9 million people, nearly one third of Malaysia's total population of 32 million.
DME torch
A DME torch is a brand of torch made by Astronics DME that can be found on commercial aircraft as part of the aircraft's emergency equipment.  It is typically found next to, on, or inside, each flight attendant's jump seat and is for use in an emergency situation where there has been a loss of cabin electrics. It is primarily to be used by flight attendants to ensure that their cabin area is clear of passengers before they leave the aircraft. It also has uses outside the aircraft post-evacuation and also inside the cabin, during flight, if there is a total loss of cabin lighting.

Flight attendant
A flight attendant is a member of the aircrew whose primary responsibility is to ensure the safety of passengers in the cabin of an aircraft across all stages of flight. Their secondary duty is to see to the comfort of passengers. Flight attendants are also known as a steward (MASC) or stewardess (FEM), or air host (MASC) or air hostess (FEM) and are collectively referred to as cabin crew.
Hraudung
In Norse mythology, Hraudung was a human king and the father of Geirröd and Agnar according to the prose header of the poem Grímnismál from the Poetic Edda.

Hraudung is also listed in the Skáldskaparmál section of the Prose Edda as both a giant and the name of a sea king.

Sea-King
A sea-king (sækonungr) in the Norse sagas is generally a title given to a powerful Viking chieftain, even though the term sea-king may sometimes predate the Viking age.

The Orkneyinga saga contains the earliest reference to sea-kings. There the original line of 'kings' of Kvenland (present-day Finland) ends with the father of Gor Thorrasson 'Sea King'.

Sea-kings could also be independent or noble Norwegian and Danish chieftains, and also kings of Sweden (such as Yngvi and Jorund), or sons of kings, such as Refil. However, they could also be men "without roof" like Hjörvard the Ylfing; such men without roof could be so powerful that they could subdue a country and make themselves kings. Two examples are Sölve who killed the Swedish king Östen, and Haki who killed the Swedish king Hugleik. However, in both cases they ultimately lost due to lack of popular support.
Anciano
Anciano (Spanish for old man) is an EP by the Japanese doom metal band Corrupted. Because the Spanish phrase "Horrible: El Tren Lo Partió En Dos!" ("Horrible: The Train Cut Him In Two") appears on the cover, the phrase is often mistaken to be the title of the EP. The album was pressed four times on 7-inch vinyl; the first two using a black and white cover, the third  blue, and the fourth  brown. "The Post War Dream" is a cover of the Pink Floyd song that opens their 1983 album The Final Cut.

Doom metal
Doom metal is an extreme subgenre of heavy metal music that typically uses slower tempos, low-tuned guitars and a much "thicker" or "heavier" sound than other heavy metal genres. Both the music and the lyrics are intended to evoke a sense of despair, dread, and impending doom. The genre is strongly influenced by the early work of Black Sabbath, who formed a prototype for doom metal. During the first half of the 1980s, a number of bands such as Witchfinder General and Pagan Altar from England, American bands Pentagram, Saint Vitus, the Obsessed, Trouble, and Cirith Ungol, and Swedish band Candlemass defined doom metal as a distinct genre.
Muireann Bradley
Muireann Bradley (born 18 December 2006) is an Irish musician from County Donegal who plays and sings country blues and ragtime guitar from the 1920s, 1930s and 1940s in the fingerpicking style of the original artists. Bradley began learning guitar at the age of nine. On 31 December 2023, aged 17, she appeared on BBC TV's Jools' Annual Hootenanny show and was given a standing ovation for her performance of Rev Gary Davis's 1961 song 'Candyman'. Following this television appearance, her debut album I Kept These Old Blues entered the top ten of the UK Albums Download Chart. Bradley signed to Decca Records in December 2024. Decca released a remastered version of I Kept These Old Blues on vinyl in February 2025.

Joe Bonamassa
Joseph Leonard Bonamassa (/ˌbɑːnəˈmɑːsə/ BAH-nə-MAH-sə; born May 8, 1977) is an American blues rock guitarist, singer and songwriter. He started his career at age twelve, when he opened for B.B. King. Since 2000, Bonamassa has released fifteen solo albums through his independent record label J&R Adventures, of which eleven have reached No. 1 on the Billboard Blues chart.

Bonamassa has played alongside many notable blues and rock artists, and has earned three Grammy Awards nominations. Among guitarists, he is known for his extensive collection of vintage guitars and amplifiers.

In 2020, Bonamassa created Keeping the Blues Alive Records, an independent record label that promotes and supports the talent of blues musicians.  Notable artists include Dion, Joanne Shaw Taylor, Joanna Connor, and Larry McCray. Bonamassa produces and collaborates on many of the projects.
Jean-Jacques Conceição
Jean-Jacques Nzadi da Conceição (born 3 April 1964, in Kinshasa), more commonly known as J.J. Conceição or Jean-Jacques, is an Angolan-Portuguese retired professional basketball player. A 2.02 m (6'7 1⁄2"), 100 kg (220 lbs.) power forward, he represented Angola at the AfroBasket, where he won a record seven African titles. At the club level, he won five Angolan League championship titles with Primeiro de Agosto and four Angolan Cups, before moving to Benfica in Portugal, where he won seven Portuguese national championships and three Portuguese Federation Cups. He also went on to play for CSP Limoges in France, Baloncesto Málaga in Spain, and  Portugal Telecom in Portugal.

Taça de Angola (basketball)
The Taça de Angola (translated as the Angolan Basketball Cup) is an annual basketball competition in which all Angolan basketball clubs are eligible to contest. The tournament, played in a knock-out system, is Angola's second most important basketball competition following the national league.
Aggregate income
Aggregate income is the total of all incomes in an economy without adjustments for inflation, taxation, or types of double counting. Aggregate income is a form of GDP that is equal to Consumption expenditure plus net profits. 'Aggregate income' in economics is a broad conceptual term. It may express the proceeds from total output in the economy for producers of that output.  There are a number of ways to measure aggregate income, but GDP is one of the best known and most widely used.

Double counting (accounting)
Double counting in accounting is an error whereby a transaction is counted more than once, for whatever reason. But in social accounting it also refers to a conceptual problem in social accounting practice, when the attempt is made to estimate the new value added by Gross Output, or the value of total investments.
Michael Vaughan-Lee
Michael Rogers Vaughan-Lee is a mathematician and retired academic. He was Professor of Mathematics at the University of Oxford from 1996 to 2010 and a tutor at Christ Church, Oxford, between 1971 and 2010.

International Journal of Algebra and Computation
The International Journal of Algebra and Computation is published by World Scientific, and contains articles on general mathematics, as well as:

Combinatorial group theory and semigroup theory

Universal algebra

Algorithmic and computational problems in algebra

Theory of automata

Formal language theory

Theory of computation

Theoretical computer science

According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 0.719.
Duopoly (entertainment company)
Duopoly is an independent film, television and multi-platform content company founded in 2002 by Catherine Tait and Liz Manne. Tait and Manne, both veterans of the independent film and television industries, established the company in order to develop and produce compelling new content properties, to forge productive relationships with talent and creators from Canada and the US, and to help create new businesses in the entertainment space. Among Duopoly's productions are Pure Pwnage, Chilly Beach, Bam Bam and Celeste starring Margaret Cho, and Yam Roll.

Yam Roll
Yam Roll (or the long title, The Very Good Adventures of Yam Roll in Happy Kingdom) is a Canadian animated television series created by Jono Howard and Jon Izen for CBC Television. Produced by March Entertainment, the series premiered on February 6, 2006, airing on Saturdays at 10:00am and 10:17am on local CBC channels.
Fushë-Arrëz
Fushë-Arrëz (Albanian: [ˈfuʃə ˈarəz]; Albanian definite form: Fushë-Arrëzi) is a municipality and town in Shkodër County, northwestern Albania. The municipality consists of the administrative units of Blerim, Fierzë, Iballë, Qafë-Mali with Fushë-Arrëz constituting its seat. As of the Institute of Statistics estimate from the 2011 census, there were 2,513 people residing in Fushë-Arrëz and 7,405 in Fushë-Arrëz Municipality. The area of the municipality is 540.42 km2. The etymology of Fushë Arrëz from the Albanian language translates to in English as “Field of nutlets”.

Definiteness
In linguistics, definiteness is a semantic feature of noun phrases that distinguishes between referents or senses that are identifiable in a given context (definite noun phrases) and those that are not (indefinite noun phrases). The prototypical definite noun phrase picks out a unique, familiar, specific referent such as the sun or Australia, as opposed to indefinite examples like an idea or some fish.

There is considerable variation in the expression of definiteness across languages, and some languages such as Japanese do not generally mark it, so the same expression can be definite in some contexts and indefinite in others. In other languages, such as English, it is usually marked by the selection of determiner (e.g., the vs. a). Still other languages, such as Danish, mark definiteness morphologically by changing the noun itself (e.g. Danish en mand (a man), manden (the man)).
Raja Ahmad Zainuddin Raja Omar
Raja Ahmad Zainuddin bin Raja Omar was a Malaysian politician from UMNO. He was the Member of Parliament for Larut from 1999 to 2008 and Member of Perak State Legislative Assembly for Kubu Gajah from 2008 to 2013.

Larut (federal constituency)
Larut is a federal constituency in Larut, Matang and Selama District, Perak, Malaysia, that has been represented in the Dewan Rakyat since 1974.

The federal constituency was created in the 1974 redistribution and is mandated to return a single member to the Dewan Rakyat under the first past the post voting system.