hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Action of 5 November 1813
The action of 5 November 1813 was a brief naval clash during the Napoleonic Wars, between part of the British Mediterranean Fleet led by Vice-admiral Sir Edward Pellew, and a French force under Counter-admiral Julien Cosmao-Kerjulien. The engagement took place outside the French port of Toulon.

The clash occurred when a French fleet under Vice-admiral Maxime Julien Émeriau de Beauverger took advantage of a favourable wind and the temporary absence of the British blockading force, to leave port to carry out exercises. Émeriau abandoned the exercises when the wind changed, but while returning to port his rear came under attack from the recently returned British inshore squadron. The British attack was reinforced by newly arrived ships from the main fleet, but the French were able to escape into Toulon after exchanging cannon fire with the British. Casualties on both sides were light.

Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth
Admiral Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth, GCB (19 April 1757 – 23 January 1833) was a Royal Navy officer and politician. He fought during the American War of Independence, the French Revolutionary Wars, and the Napoleonic Wars. His younger brother Israel Pellew also pursued a naval career.
Man-Child (musical)
Man-Child is an Australian musical written by Chris Neal, labelled "a musical odyssey in search of truth". The musical has no unifying plot and no characters, but consists of a series of independent dream sequences presented through 17 songs.

Neal first conceived the musical working in Vietnam in 1968. After a short season at the Playhouse in Canberra, Man-Child opened in Sydney in August 1971 in a 600-seat plastic bubble tent called the 'Bubble Theatre' at the Sydney Showground. The production toured to the SGIO Theatre in Brisbane and to Perth and Adelaide. A cast album was released in 1972.

Sydney Showground (Moore Park)
The former Sydney Showground (Moore Park) at Moore Park was the site of the Sydney Royal Easter Show in New South Wales, Australia, from 1882 until 1997. The Show was moved to the new Sydney Showground at Sydney Olympic Park, built for the Sydney 2000 Olympics.

24.3 hectares of the Moore Park site was then leased by the Royal Agricultural Society and the Government of Bob Carr on 27 September 1996 to Fox Studios Australia for a period of 40 years with an option to renew for another 10 years, a move which Clover Moore, member for Bligh in the New South Wales Parliament, opposed at the time.
Ultra-Humanite
The Ultra-Humanite is a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. He first appeared as a recurring adversary of Superman, and was the first supervillain faced by him. Though his name is a near-synonym for Superman, he was designed to be the polar opposite of Superman; while Superman is a hero with superhuman strength, the Ultra-Humanite is a criminal mastermind who has a crippled body but a highly advanced intellect. The Ultra-Humanite served as Superman's nemesis until the introduction of Superman's archnemesis, the mad scientist Lex Luthor. The origins of the Ultra-Humanite are shrouded in mystery. Even he claims not to remember his true name or appearance and attributes his vast intellect and mental prowess to scientific experiments of an unknown nature.

In other media, the Ultra-Humanite has appeared in Justice League, voiced by Ian Buchanan, as well as the third and final season of The CW network television series Stargirl.

Supervillain
A supervillain, supervillainess or supercriminal is a variant of the villainous stock character. The character is a common archetype in comic books and other popular culture, often acting as the primary adversary of superheros.

Supervillains are often noted for their ability to foil heroes through the use of superpowers, their mental or physical capabilities, or their criminal influence, often creating grandiose schemes for nefarious purposes, such as world domination.
Villa Elisa, Entre Ríos
Villa Elisa is a city in the center-east of the province of Entre Ríos, Argentina. It has 10,266 inhabitants as per the 2010 census [INDEC]. It is located about 25 west of Colón and 20 km from the Uruguay River, on National Route 130.

Like many other towns in this area, Villa Elisa features hot springs. There is a hot spring complex about 5 minutes from the city, which was opened to the public in 1999.

Uruguay River
The Uruguay River (Spanish: Río Uruguay [ˈri.o wɾuˈɣwaj]; Portuguese: Rio Uruguai [ˈʁi.u uɾuˈɡwaj]) is a major river in South America. It flows from north to south and forms parts of the boundaries of Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay, separating some of the Argentine provinces of the Mesopotamia from the other two countries. It passes between the states of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil; forms the eastern border of the provinces of Misiones, Corrientes and Entre Ríos in Argentina; and makes up the western borders of the departments of Artigas, Salto, Paysandú, Río Negro, Soriano and Colonia in Uruguay.
Sulochrin oxidase ((−)-bisdechlorogeodin-forming)
In enzymology, a sulochrin oxidase [(−)-bisdechlorogeodin-forming] (EC 1.21.3.5) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

2 sulochrin + O2  2 (−)-bisdechlorogeodin + 2 H2O

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are sulochrin and O2, whereas its two products are (−)-bisdechlorogeodin and H2O.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on X-H and Y-H to form an X-Y bond with oxygen as acceptor.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is sulochrin:oxygen oxidoreductase (cyclizing, (−)-specific). This enzyme is also called sulochrin oxidase.

Oxidoreductase
In biochemistry, an oxidoreductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from one molecule, the reductant, also called the electron donor, to another, the oxidant, also called the electron acceptor. This group of enzymes usually utilizes NADP+ or NAD+ as cofactors. Transmembrane oxidoreductases create electron transport chains in bacteria, chloroplasts and mitochondria, including respiratory complexes I, II and III. Some others can associate with biological membranes as peripheral membrane proteins or be anchored to the membranes through a single transmembrane helix.
Patricio Phillips
Patricio Phillips Peñafiel (23 August 1922 – 17 October 1997) was a Chilean politician and member of the National Party.

He served multiple terms as Deputy for the 20th Departmental Group (1957–1973) and was elected Senator for the 8th Provincial Group in 1973, before his mandate was interrupted by the 1973 Chilean coup d'état.

Phillips began his political career in the Liberal Party, later joining the National Party. He also served as mayor of Traiguén (1953–1957). After the coup, he supported the military regime and participated in right-wing political negotiations during Chile’s transition to democracy.

National Party (Chile, 1966)
The National Party (Spanish: Partido Nacional, PN) was a Chilean political party formed in 1966 by the union of the United Conservative Party, the Liberal Party and the National Action (founded in 1963 by Jorge Prat Echaurren, who had been Minister of Finances in 1954 in Carlos Ibáñez del Campo's cabinet).

The PN represented the right-wing of the Chilean political spectrum, against the centrist Christian Democratic Party and the leftist coalition Popular Unity.

The party supported the Pinochet coup of 11 September 1973 and dissolved itself in the same year.
Guillaume-Alphonse Nantel
Guillaume-Alphonse Nantel (November 4, 1852 – June 3, 1909) was a Canadian lawyer, journalist, author, newspaper owner, and politician.  Born in Saint-Jerome, Canada East, he was elected to the House of Commons of Canada as a Conservative candidate in the Quebec riding of Terrebonne in the 1882 federal election. He resigned less than two months later to allow Joseph-Adolphe Chapleau, the Secretary of State of Canada, to run for office.

In an August 1882 by-election, he was acclaimed to the Legislative Assembly of Quebec in the riding of Terrebonne. He was re-elected in 1886 and 1890. He was acclaimed again in 1892 and re-elected in 1897. He was the commissioner of public works in the cabinets of Charles-Eugène Boucher de Boucherville and Louis-Olivier Taillon. He was also the commissioner of crown lands in the cabinet of Edmund James Flynn. He was defeated in the 1900 elections.

He died in Montreal in 1909. His brother, Wilfrid Bruno Nantel, was also a politician.

1900 Quebec general election
The 1900 Quebec general election was held on December 7, 1900, to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Quebec, Canada.  The incumbent Quebec Liberal Party, led by Simon-Napoléon Parent, was re-elected, defeating the Quebec Conservative Party, led by Edmund James Flynn.

The turnout was 29.77%.
East Smithfield, Pennsylvania
East Smithfield is an unincorporated community in Bradford County, Pennsylvania, United States. The community is 8.5 miles (13.7 km) southwest of Athens. East Smithfield has a post office with ZIP code 18817.

Athens, Pennsylvania
Athens is a borough in Bradford County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is part of Northeastern Pennsylvania and is located 2 miles (3 km) south of the New York state line on the Susquehanna and Chemung rivers. The population was 3,265 at the 2020 census. Athens is in a small area locally known as "The Valley", a group of four contiguous communities in Pennsylvania and New York: Waverly, New York; South Waverly, Pennsylvania; Sayre, Pennsylvania; and Athens. The Valley has a population near 30,000.
Annie Smith (athlete)
Anna Lois Smith (born April 23, 1939) is an American athlete. She competed in the women's long jump at the 1960 Summer Olympics.

Competing for the Tennessee State Lady Tigers track and field team, Smith won the exhibition 440 yards at the 1958 USA Indoor Track and Field Championships.

Tennessee State Tigers and Lady Tigers
The Tennessee State Tigers and Lady Tigers are the intercollegiate athletic teams of Tennessee State University (TSU), located in Nashville, Tennessee, United States. The Tigers athletic program is a member of the Ohio Valley Conference (OVC) and competes in the NCAA Division I, including the Football Championship Subdivision. The women's track team is also known as the Tigerbelles.  As a member of the Ohio Valley Conference, Tennessee State is one of three HBCUs competing in Division I that is not a member of an athletic conference made up entirely of historically black institutions (MEAC and SWAC), the other two being Hampton University and North Carolina A&T State University of the Coastal Athletic Association. The TSU mascot is Aristocat the Tiger, and the school colors are blue and white. TSU's main rival historically has been Kentucky State University, an HBCU located in the capital of Tennessee's northern neighbor.
Tritium radioluminescence
Tritium radioluminescence is the use of gaseous tritium, a radioactive isotope of hydrogen, to create visible light. Tritium emits electrons through beta decay and, when they interact with a phosphor material, light is emitted through the process of phosphorescence. The overall process of using a radioactive material to excite a phosphor and ultimately generate light is called radioluminescence. As tritium illumination requires no electrical energy, it has found wide use in applications such as emergency exit signs, illumination of wristwatches, and portable yet reliable sources of low intensity light which will not degrade human night vision. Gun sights for night use and small lights used mostly by military personnel fall under the latter application.

Radioluminescence
Radioluminescence (or scintillation) is the phenomenon by which light is produced in a material by bombardment with ionizing radiation such as alpha particles, beta particles, or gamma rays.  Radioluminescence is used as a low level light source for night illumination of instruments or signage.  Radioluminescent paint is occasionally used for clock hands and instrument dials, enabling them to be read in the dark.  Radioluminescence is also sometimes seen around high-power radiation sources, such as nuclear reactors and radioisotopes.
Charmuk
Charmuk (Persian: چرموك, also Romanized as Charmūk; also known as Charmū) is a village in Tashan Rural District, Riz District, Jam County, Bushehr Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 63, in 15 families.

Bushehr province
Bushehr Province (Persian: استان بوشهر) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is in the south of the country, with a long coastline on the Persian Gulf. Its capital is the city of Bushehr.

The province was made a part of Region 2 upon the division of the provinces into five regions, solely for coordination and development purposes, on 22 June 2014.
Apex AP-0
The Apex AP-0 is an all-electric concept sports car announced in 2020 by the British/Hong Kong sportscar company Apex Motors, that went into production in late 2022.

The AP-0 has a claimed top speed and performance of 190 mph (306 km/h) and acceleration from 0-60 mph in 2.3 seconds. It is powered by a 650 bhp rear-mounted electric motor with 580 Nm of torque and a 90 kWh lithium-ion battery.

Designed by Guy Colborne, the AP-0 has a claimed kerb weight of 1200 kg due to the AP-0's monocoque carbon chassis, with modular spaceframe and a central spine.

In March 2023 the company renamed the AP-0 as the Attucks Apex AP0 and announced the involvement of Wyclef Jean. The proposed price had doubled from the 2020 version.

Sports car
A sports car is a type of automobile that is designed with an emphasis on dynamic performance, such as handling, acceleration, top speed, the thrill of driving, and racing capability. Sports cars originated in Europe in the early 1910s and are currently produced by many manufacturers around the world.
David Kelly (New Zealand cricketer)
David Patrick Kelly (born 29 March 1979) is a New Zealand former cricketer who played for Central Districts and Northern Districts between the 1998–99 season and 2002–03.

Kelly was born at Dunedin in Otago in 1979 and educated at John McGlashan College in the city. He played under-19 cricket for the national team during the 1997–98 season and made his first-class debut for the New Zealand Cricket Academy side in 1998–99 against the touring Pakistan A team. His Central Districts debut came the following season and he was part of the team which won the Shell Cup in 2000–01.

During the same season, Kelly made his highest first-class of 212 not out, carrying his bat against Canterbury at Horton Park. He played one more season for Central Districts before moving to play for Northern Districts in 2002–03 and played in The Netherlands for Rood en Wit during the 2003 season. He moved to Christchurch to study ahead of the following season and played no more top-level cricket.

Carry the bat
In cricket, the term carry the bat (or carry one's bat) refers to an opening batsman (no. 1 and 2) who is not dismissed ("not out") when the team innings is closed.

The term is mainly used when the innings closes after all 10 wickets have fallen; that is, the other 10 players in the team have all been dismissed ("out"). It may also be used in situations where one or more of these players retire out or are unable to bat through injury or illness, and the remaining players are all dismissed normally. It is not used, however, in any other situation where the innings closes before all 10 wickets have fallen, such as when it is declared closed, or when the team successfully chases a set run target to win the match.
Small cap company
A small cap company is a company whose market capitalization (shares x value of each share) is considered small. In the United States, this includes market caps from $250 million to $2 billion (as of 2022).

Share (finance)
A share (sometimes someone can refer to as stock or equity) is a unit of equity ownership in the capital stock of a corporation. It can refer to units of mutual funds, limited partnerships, and real estate investment trusts. Share capital refers to all of the shares of an enterprise. The owner of shares in a company is a shareholder (or stockholder) of the corporation. A share expresses the ownership relationship between the company and the shareholder. The denominated value of a share is its face value, and the total of the face value of issued shares represent the capital of a company, which may not reflect the market value of those shares.

The income received from the ownership of shares is a dividend. There are different types of shares such as equity shares, preference shares, deferred shares, redeemable shares, bonus shares, right shares, and employee stock option plan shares.
White hand sign
The white hand sign is a medical sign observed as a visible whitening of skin on the hand when the subject elevates the hands above the shoulder girdle with fingers pointing to the ceiling and palms facing forward. It results from this change in position causing a compression of the subclavian artery and temporary loss of circulation, as often occurs in patients with thoracic outlet syndrome, a complex syndrome involving the compression of various nerves and blood vessels between the axilla (armpit) and the base of the neck.

Subclavian artery
In human anatomy, the subclavian arteries are paired major arteries of the upper thorax, below the clavicle. They receive blood from the aortic arch. The left subclavian artery supplies blood to the left arm and the right subclavian artery supplies blood to the right arm, with some branches supplying the head and thorax. On the left side of the body, the subclavian comes directly off the aortic arch, while on the right side it arises from the relatively short brachiocephalic artery when it bifurcates into the subclavian and the right common carotid artery.

The usual branches of the subclavian on both sides of the body are the vertebral artery, the internal thoracic artery, the thyrocervical trunk, the costocervical trunk and the dorsal scapular artery, which may branch off the transverse cervical artery, which is a branch of the thyrocervical trunk. The subclavian becomes the axillary artery at the lateral border of the first rib.
Benedict Smith
Benedict Smith is a disc jockey who presented The Saturday Show on the KMFM network and breakfast on KMFM Maidstone and KMFM West Kent before being made redundant in March 2012 following the arrival of the county-wide KMFM networked breakfast show. He formerly presented The Big Drive Home on Hertbeat FM every weekday between 4-8pm before it became a franchise of Jack FM. Before that he did mid-mornings at Q103 and weekend breakfast at Kent's Invicta FM).

Through the years he has freelanced for numerous Global Radio stations such as Heart Cambridgeshire.

Heart Kent
Heart Kent (previously Invicta FM) was an Independent Local Radio station owned and operated by Global Radio as part of the Heart network. It broadcast to Kent from studios at John Wilson Business Park in Whitstable.
Colby Hall (Newton, Massachusetts)
Colby Hall is an historic building on the campus of Andover Newton Theological School at 141 Herrick Road in the village of  Newton Centre in Newton, Massachusetts. It was built in 1866 in a mixture of Second Empire and Romanesque styles. It was named for Gardner Colby (1810–79), who was treasurer of the school and also was the benefactor of Waterville College in Maine, which changed its name to Colby College in his honor. On January 30, 1978. it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.

In 1977, Colby Hall was renovated by Drummey Rosane Anderson, Inc. (D-R-A) to serve as its design center.

Colby College
Colby College is a private liberal arts college in Waterville, Maine, United States. Founded in 1813 as the Maine Literary and Theological Institution, it was renamed Waterville College in 1821. The donations of Christian philanthropist Gardner Colby saw the institution renamed again to Colby University before settling on its current title, reflecting its liberal arts college curriculum, in 1899. Approximately 2,000 students from more than 60 countries are enrolled annually. The college offers 54 major fields of study and 30 minors.

Located in central Maine, the 714-acre Neo-Georgian campus sits atop Mayflower Hill and overlooks downtown Waterville and the Kennebec River Valley. Along with fellow Maine institutions Bates College and Bowdoin College, Colby competes in the New England Small College Athletic Conference (NESCAC) and the Colby-Bates-Bowdoin Consortium.
Aepytus
Aepytus (Ancient Greek: Αἴπυτος, romanized: Aípytos) can refer to several people in Greek mythology:

Aepytus, king of Arcadia and son of Elatus.

Aepytus, also a king of Arcadia and son of Hippothous.

Aepytus, son of the Heraclid Cresphontes.

The name is not to be confused with Iapetus (Ancient Greek: Ἰαπετός, romanized: Iapetós).

Iapetus
In Greek mythology, Iapetus or Iapetos (/aɪˈæpɪtəs/; eye-AP-ih-təs; Ancient Greek: Ἰαπετός, romanized: Iapetós), also Japetus or Japetos, was one of the Titans, the son of Uranus (Sky) and Gaia (Earth) and father of Atlas, Prometheus, Epimetheus, and Menoetius. He was also called the father of Buphagus and Anchiale in other sources.

Iapetus was linked to Japheth (Hebrew: יֶפֶת), one of the sons of Noah and a progenitor of mankind in biblical accounts. The practice by early historians and biblical scholars of identifying various historical nations and ethnic groups as descendants of Japheth, together with the similarity of their names, led to a fusion of their identities, from the early modern period to the present.
Reynier Mena
Reynier Mena Berenguer (born 21 November 1996) is a Cuban sprinter. He competed in the 200 metres at the 2015 World Championships and 2016 Olympics.

On 3 July 2022, Mena set massive personal bests in both the 100 metres, joining the sub-10-second club with a 9.99, and in the 200 metres with a 19.63 that suddenly sent him into the top 10 performers of all time. That time now ranks as the twelfth fastest of all time, tied with Xavier Carter.

Xavier Carter
Xavier Carter (born December 8, 1985) is an American retired professional track and field athlete. He attended Louisiana State University and was a star on the track and field team as well a member of the football team. Before LSU, Xavier Carter graduated from Palm Bay High School in Melbourne, Florida. He is the twelfth fastest sprinter in the 200 meters event with a personal best of 19.63 seconds.
Lists of dogs
For dog type lists see:

List of individual dogs
List of Best in Show winners of Crufts
List of Best in Show winners of the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show
List of Labrador Retrievers
List of oldest dogs
United States presidential pets

List of fictional dogs

List of dog breeds
U.S. state dogs

For species in the Family Canidae, colloquially referred to as "dogs", see:

List of canids

United States presidential pets
Most United States presidents have kept pets while in office, or pets have been part of their families. Only James K. Polk, Andrew Johnson, and Donald Trump did not have any presidential pets while in office (however, Johnson did take care of some mice he found in his bedroom).