hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
S̈
S̈, s̈ in lower case, also s with diaeresis, is a letter in the Latin alphabet for the Chechen language, where it represents the voiceless postalveolar fricative [ʃ]. It has the same sound as the š used in Slavic languages written with the Latin alphabet, the Turkic/Romanian ş/ș and the common digraph "sh".

In the Chechen language, it was changed from the original ş into s̈, at the same time that ç was changed into c̈.

In older Czech orthography s̈ was used in codas instead of ſſ for /ʃ/, modern orthography uses š for all instances.

In the Seneca language, s̈ represents /ʃ/.

It is also used in the digraph s̈h in the Shipibo and Chamicuro Languages; s̈h represents /ʂ/, and sh (without the diaeresis) represents /ʃ/.

Seneca language
Seneca (/ˈsɛnəkə/; in Seneca, Onöndowaʼga꞉ʼ Gawë꞉noʼ, or Onötowáʼka꞉) is the language of the Seneca people, one of the Six Nations of the Hodinöhsö꞉niʼ (Iroquois League); it is an Iroquoian language, spoken at the time of contact in the western part of New York. While the name Seneca, attested as early as the seventeenth century, is of obscure origins, the endonym Onödowáʼga꞉ translates to "those of the big hill." About 10,000 Seneca live in the United States and Canada, primarily on reservations in western New York, with others living in Oklahoma and near Brantford, Ontario. Since 2022 an active language revitalization program has been underway.
Phage major coat protein
In molecular biology, a phage major coat protein is an alpha-helical protein that forms a viral envelope of filamentous bacteriophages. These bacteriophages are flexible rods, about one to two micrometres long and six nm in diameter, with a helical shell of protein subunits surrounding a DNA core. The approximately 50-residue subunit of the major coat protein is largely alpha-helix, and the axis of the alpha-helix makes a small angle with the axis of the virion. The protein shell can be considered in three sections: the outer surface, occupied by the N-terminal region of the subunit and rich in acidic residues that give the virion a low isoelectric point; the interior of the shell (including a 19-residue stretch of apolar side-chains) where protein subunits interact, mainly with each other; and the inner surface (occupied by the C-terminal region of the subunit), rich in positively charged residues that interact with the DNA core.

Nanometre
The nanometre (international spelling as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures; SI symbol: nm), or nanometer (American spelling), is a unit of length in the International System of Units (SI), equal to one billionth (short scale) or one thousand millionth (long scale) of a metre (0.000000001 m) and to 1000 picometres. One nanometre can be expressed in scientific notation as 1 × 10−9 m and as ⁠1/1000000000⁠ m.
Gloomhaven (video game)
Gloomhaven is a turn-based strategy role-playing video game, developed by Flaming Fowl Studios and published by Asmodee Digital. It is an adaptation of the tabletop game by the same name. Following two years of early access, Gloomhaven was released for Windows on October 20, 2021 and macOS on November 25, 2021. The game was ported to Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Xbox One, and Xbox Series X/S in September 2023.

Porting
In software development, porting is the process of adapting software to run in a different context. Often it involves modifying source code so that a program can run on a different platform (i.e. on a different CPU or operating system) or in a different environment (i.e. with a different library or framework). It also describes adapting a change or feature from one codebase to another – even between different versions of the same software.

Software is classified as portable if it can be hosted in a different context with no change to the source code. It might be considered portable if the cost of adapting it to a context is significantly less than the cost of writing it from scratch. The lower the cost of porting relative to the cost to re-write, the more portable it is said to be. The effort depends on several factors including the extent to which the original context differs from the new context, the skill of the programmers, and the portability of the codebase.
Bindal language
Bindal (Bendalgubba, Nyawaygi) is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language of North Queensland. The Bindal language region included the area from Cape Cleveland extending south towards Ayr and the mouth of the Burdekin River, encompassing the landscape within the boundaries of the Townsville City Council and Burdekin Shire Council.

Shire of Burdekin
The Shire of Burdekin is a local government area located in North Queensland, Australia in the Dry Tropics region. The district is located between Townsville and Bowen in the delta of the Burdekin River. The shire covers an area of 5,044 square kilometres (1,947 sq mi).
It has existed as a local government entity since 1888. In the 2021 census, the Shire of Burdekin had a population of 16,692 people.
Panic in the House of Ardon
Panic in the House of Ardon (German: Der Schrecken im Hause Ardon) is a 1920 German silent crime film directed by Robert Wiene and starring Stella Harf, Max Kronert and Paul Mederow. The film was finished by August 1920, but did not have its premiere until July 1921. It also had several alternative titles including Die Welteroberer (The World Conquerors). A crime syndicate attempts to discover the scientific secrets of the chemical company Ardon. The film was made in the Expressionist style that had been used for Wiene's earlier hit The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari. It features the popular detective Stuart Webbs, closely modeled on Sherlock Holmes.

Robert Wiene
Robert Wiene (German: [ˈviːnə]; 27 April 1873 – 17 July 1938) was a German film director, screenwriter and producer, active during the silent era. He is widely-known for directing the landmark 1920 film The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari and a succession of other expressionist films. Wiene also directed a variety of other films of varying styles and genres. Following the Nazi rise to power in Germany, Wiene, who was of Jewish descent, fled into exile.
Antonina Niemiryczowa
Antonina Niemiryczowa or Niemierzycowa, née Bożeniec Jełowicka (pseud. A.Z.I.N.L.O: Antonina Z Iełowickich Niemiryczowa Litewska Oboźna, tr. Antonina née Iełowicka Niemiryczowa Lithuanian Camp dweller c.1702 in Ożenin, Ostróg - c.1780 in Lwów), a Polish Enlightenment noblewoman poet and translator. Along with Franciszka Urszula Radziwiłłowa and Elżbieta Drużbacka, she is considered a leading Polish poet of the age.

Polish Enlightenment
The ideas of the Age of Enlightenment in Poland were developed later than in Western Europe, as the Polish bourgeoisie was weaker, and szlachta (nobility) culture (Sarmatism) together with the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth political system (Golden Liberty) were in deep crisis. The period of Polish Enlightenment began in the 1730s–40s, peaked in the reign of Poland's last king, Stanisław August Poniatowski (1764-1795), went into decline with the Third Partition of Poland (1795) – a national tragedy inspiring a short period of sentimental writing – and ended in 1822, replaced by Romanticism.
Ethnological Society of London
The Ethnological Society of London (ESL) was a learned society founded in 1843 as an offshoot of the Aborigines' Protection Society (APS). The meaning of ethnology as a discipline was not then fixed: approaches and attitudes to it changed over its lifetime, with the rise of a more scientific approach to human diversity. Over three decades the ESL had a chequered existence, with periods of low activity and a major schism contributing to a patchy continuity of its meetings and publications. It provided a forum for discussion of what would now be classed as pioneering scientific anthropology from the changing perspectives of the period, though also with wider geographical, archaeological and linguistic interests.

In 1871 the ESL became part of what now is the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, merging back with the breakaway rival group the Anthropological Society of London.

Learned society
A learned society (/ˈlɜːrnɪd/ LEHRN-id; also scholarly, intellectual, or academic society) is an organization that exists to promote an academic discipline, profession, or a group of related disciplines such as the arts and sciences. Membership may be open to all, may require possession of some qualification, or may be an honour conferred by election.

Most learned societies are non-profit organizations, and many are professional associations. Their activities typically include holding regular conferences for the presentation and discussion of new research results, and publishing or sponsoring academic journals in their discipline. Some also act as professional bodies, regulating the activities of their members in the public interest or the collective interest of the membership.
Bihi
Bihi is a village development committee in Gorkha District in the Gandaki Zone of northern-central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 890 and had 247 houses in the village.

Gandaki Zone
Gandaki zone (Nepali: गण्डकी अञ्चलListenⓘ) was one of the fourteen zones of Nepal, located in the Western Development Region.  It was named Sapta Gandaki after the seven tributaries (Kali Gandaki, Trishuli, Budhi Gandaki, Marsyangdi, Madi, Seti Gandaki, and Daraundi) that make up the Gandaki River. Pokhara served as its regional and zonal headquarter. It was also the birthplace of Bhanubhakta Acharya, first poet of Nepal.

The Gandaki Zone was home to multiple cultures which are unique in themselves. Some, like the Magar and Gurung, have attained fame much like the Gurkha people.
James Roy Tucker
James Roy Tucker (25 December 1909 – 22 September 1987) was a Liberal party member of the House of Commons of Canada. Born in Burnt Point, Newfoundland, he was a manager and merchant by career.

He was first elected at the Trinity—Conception riding in the 1958 general election then was re-elected there in 1962, 1963 and 1965. With riding boundary changes, Tucker was a candidate at the Bonavista—Trinity—Conception riding in the 1968 federal election but was defeated by Frank Moores of the Progressive Conservative party.

1968 Canadian federal election
The 1968 Canadian federal election was held on June 25, 1968, to elect members of the House of Commons of Canada of the 28th Parliament of Canada.

In April 1968, Prime Minister Lester Pearson of the Liberal Party resigned as party leader as a result of declining health and failing to win a majority government in two attempts. He was succeeded by his Minister of Justice and Attorney General Pierre Trudeau, who called an election immediately after becoming prime minister. Trudeau's charisma appealed to Canadian voters; his popularity became known as "Trudeaumania" and helped him win a comfortable majority. Robert Stanfield's Progressive Conservatives lost seats whereas the New Democratic Party's support stayed the same.
Thomas Egerton (publisher)
Thomas Egerton was a bookseller and publisher in Whitehall, London c. 1750–1830. With his brother and business partner John Egerton he took over the enterprise established by John Millan. For some years Egerton's office stood on Charing Cross. Books published included works by Jane Austen.

The brothers were also well-known auctioneers, selling the collections of men such as John Smeaton, Lemuel Dole Nelme, Francis Blackburne, the particularly large library of the actor John Henderson, and "perhaps the largest English eighteenth century collection of coins and medals sold at auction ... that of Thomas Allen Barnard on 20-23 April 1789".

Thomas Egerton died on 26 August 1830, in his 81st year, described as "of Whitehall".

John Egerton married Mary Davis, daughter of bookseller Lockyer John Davis, on 11 October 1783 in Westminster. He died on 17 January 1795.

John Smeaton
John Smeaton FRS (8 June 1724 – 28 October 1792) was an English civil engineer responsible for the design of bridges, canals, harbours and lighthouses. He was also a capable mechanical engineer and an eminent scholar, who introduced various scientific methodologies into engineering. Smeaton was the first self-proclaimed "civil engineer", and is often regarded as the "father of civil engineering". He pioneered the use of hydraulic lime in concrete, using pebbles and powdered brick as aggregate. Smeaton was associated with the Lunar Society.
IC 883
IC 883 (also known as Arp 193, IRAS 13183+3423, PGC 46560 and UGC 8387) is an irregular galaxy that is about 321 million light years away from Earth. It is located in the constellation Canes Venatici. Its largest radius is 1.4 (131 thousand light years), and smallest 0.7 angular minutes (65 thousand light years).[b] It was discovered by Rudolf Ferdinand Spitaler on May 1 1891.

IC 883 is classified a luminous infrared galaxy (LIRG). It is a recent merger given that the galaxy has one single nucleus and two tidal tails. The molecular gas measured in IC 883 is estimated 4 billion MΘ. It is known to show a radio jet originating from its nucleus travelling at a subluminal motion of 0.6-1 c.

Two supernovae have been observed in IC 883: SN 2010cu (type II, mag. 17.7), and SN 2011hi (type II, mag. 17.9). When observed in near-infrared or optical wavelengths, they are the nearest supernovae found to the nucleus of an LIRG.

Tidal tail
A tidal tail is a thin, elongated region of stars and interstellar gas that extends into space from a galaxy. Tidal tails occur as a result of galactic tide forces between interacting galaxies. Examples of galaxies with tidal tails include the Tadpole Galaxy and the Mice Galaxies. Tidal forces can eject a significant amount of a galaxy's gas into the tail; within the Antennae Galaxies, for example, nearly half of the observed gaseous matter is found within the tail structures.
Masayoshi Namiki
Masayoshi Namiki (並木 正芳, Namiki Masayoshi; born May 19, 1949) is a former Japanese politician of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), who served as a member of the House of Representatives in the Diet (national legislature). A native of Tokorozawa, Saitama and graduate of Saitama University, he had served in the assembly of Tokorozawa for three terms since 1979 and in the assembly of Saitama Prefecture for two terms since 1991. He was elected to the House of Representatives for the first time in 1996 as a member of the New Frontier Party. After losing his seat in 2000, he also lost the election in 2003. He was re-elected in 2005 as a member of the LDP.

New Frontier Party (Japan)
The New Frontier Party (新進党, Shinshintō; "New Progressive Party", NFP) was a big tent political party in Japan founded in December 1994. As a merger of several small parties, the party was ideologically diverse, with its membership ranging from moderate social democrats to liberals and conservatives. The party dissolved in December 1997, with Ichirō Ozawa's faction forming the Liberal Party and other splinters later joining the Democratic Party of Japan in April 1998.
Alan Diaz
Alan Diaz (May 15, 1947 – July 3, 2018) was an American photographer who won the 2001 Pulitzer Prize for Breaking News Photography for his photograph of the United States Border Patrol's BORTAC team's seizure of Elian Gonzalez.

Diaz was born and raised in New York City and moved to Cuba with his family in 1964. In Cuba, Diaz became a teacher and studied photography with Cuban photographer Korda (Alberto Diaz Gutierrez). He moved to Miami in 1978 and became a photographer and English teacher. He joined the Associated Press as a freelance photographer in 1994 and became a staff photographer in 2000.

Diaz retired from the Associated Press in December 2017 and died on July 3, 2018, aged 71.

Pulitzer Prize for Breaking News Photography
The Pulitzer Prize for Breaking News Photography is one of the American Pulitzer Prizes annually awarded for journalism. From 2000 it has used the "breaking news" name but it is considered a continuation of the Pulitzer Prize for Spot News Photography, which was awarded from 1968 to 1999. Prior to 1968, a single Prize was awarded for photojournalism, the Pulitzer Prize for Photography, which was replaced in that year by Pulitzer Prize for Spot News Photography and Pulitzer Prize for Feature Photography.
Point Partridge
Point Partridge (Lushootseed: x̌ʷuk̓q̓ʷqs) is the most westerly point of Whidbey Island, the largest island in Puget Sound.  The point lies north of the Fort Ebey military reservation and south of West Beach.  The primary importance of Point Partridge is as the northern and eastern reference point for the dividing line between Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca. The other reference is Point Wilson.

In Lushootseed, the name of the point is x̌ʷuk̓q̓ʷqs, meaning "muddy point." The origin of the English name is not known for certain. According to G.H. Anderson, the point was named by George Vancouver in 1792, to honor the family of Vancouver's sister-in-law, Martha Partridge, the daughter of Henry Partridge. The Spanish explorer Manuel Quimper had named the point two years before Vancouver, calling it "Menendez".

Manuel Quimper
Manuel Quimper Benítez del Pino (c. 1757 – April 2, 1844) was a Spanish Peruvian explorer, cartographer, naval officer, and colonial official. He participated in charting the Strait of Juan de Fuca and the Sandwich Islands in the late 18th century. He was later appointed a colonial governor in his native Peru at the beginning of the fight for independence there. He retired to Spain, but was able to return to Peru where he served as a naval officer in the new republic and pursued a literary career, publishing over 20 books about his experiences before his death there in Lima.
Robi Reed
Robi Reed (born Robin Lynn Reed) is an American casting director and producer. She has over 50 films and television shows to her credit, including The Best Man, Soul Food, For Colored Girls, Love Jones, Set It Off, In Living Color and Girlfriends. She began her career working with the writer-director Spike Lee. His 1988 release, School Daze, was her first film as a casting director. She went on to cast Lee's Malcolm X, Do the Right Thing, Mo' Better Blues, Crooklyn, Clockers and Jungle Fever.

Reed is currently the vice president of talent and casting for original programming at Black Entertainment Television (BET), where she oversees talent and casting for scripted and non-scripted shows.

Set It Off (film)
Set It Off is a 1996 American crime action film directed by F. Gary Gray and written by Kate Lanier and Takashi Bufford. The film stars Jada Pinkett, Queen Latifah, Vivica A. Fox, and Kimberly Elise (in her film acting debut). It follows four close friends in Los Angeles, California, who plan to execute a bank robbery—each doing so for different reasons—to achieve better for themselves and their families.

The film was a box office success, grossing over $41 million against a budget of $9 million. The film earned positive reviews from critics, who praised the characters, music and performances of the cast (particularly that of Pinkett and Latifah), as well as the chemistry of the four leading actresses. The soundtrack was a commercial success, peaking at number four on the Billboard 200 and number three on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums. Additionally, the singles "Set It Off", "Don't Let Go (Love)", "Days of Our Livez", "Angel", "Come On", "Let It Go" and "Missing You" each charted.
William Buehler House
William Buehler House is a property in St. Louis, Missouri, United States. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It is at 2610 Tennessee Avenue. The Richardsonian Romanesque red brick home was built from 1894-1896. It has a two-story carriage house at its rear. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in November 2000.

It was designed by Herman Lemm and built by P. Schneider and Company. The house is significant locally for its architecture and is a rare Richardsonian Romanesque house in a neighborhood whose large homes are Italianate, Queen Anne, and Dutch Colonial style.  The three-story house is prominent in the Tower Grove East neighborhood and illustrates the development patterns of St. Louis southwest of downtown.: 19  Frank Brockel lived in the house before he served in World War I.

Dutch Colonial Revival architecture
Dutch Colonial Revival is a style of domestic architecture, primarily characterized by gambrel roofs having curved eaves along the length of the house.  Modern versions built in the early 20th century are more accurately referred to as "Dutch Colonial Revival", a subtype of the Colonial Revival style.
Sleaford orogeny
The Sleaford orogeny was an event in the assembly of the Gawler craton, which now underlies the Eyre Peninsula in South Australia. Between 2.46 and 2.41 billion years ago in the Proterozoic, the Sleaford and Mulgathing complexes emplaced among the older 3.15 billion year old Archean Cooyerdoo Granite 2.82 billion year old Coolanie Gneiss with sedimentary, felsic and ultramafic igneous rocks. The overlapping Sleaford orogeny caused deformation and greenschist and granulite-grade metamorphism on the sequence of metamorphic facies.

Eyre Peninsula
The Eyre Peninsula is a triangular peninsula in South Australia. It is bounded by the Spencer Gulf on the east, the Great Australian Bight on the west, and the Gawler Ranges to the north.

Earlier called Eyre's Peninsula, it was named after explorer Edward John Eyre, who explored parts of the peninsula in 1839–41. The coastline was first charted by the expeditions of Matthew Flinders in 1801–02 and French explorer Nicolas Baudin around the same time. Flinders also named the nearby Yorke's Peninsula and Spencer's Gulph on the same voyage.

The peninsula's economy is primarily agricultural, with growing aquaculture, mining, and tourism sectors. The main towns are Port Lincoln in the south, Whyalla and Port Augusta in the northeast, and Ceduna in the northwest. Port Lincoln (Galinyala in Barngarla), Whyalla and Port Augusta (Goordnada) are part of the Barngarla Aboriginal country.: 230  Ceduna is within Wirangu country.
Echium leucophaeum
Echium leucophaeum is a species of flowering plants of the family Boraginaceae. It is endemic to the Canary Islands, where it is restricted to the island of Tenerife. Its name in Spanish is taginaste de Anaga. The specific name leucophaeum is from Greek and means "greyish white".

Boraginaceae
Boraginaceae, the borage or forget-me-not family, has two significantly different circumscriptions as of December 2025. In the narrower circumscription, Boraginaceae sensu stricto is one of 11 families placed in the order Boraginales and includes about 90–120 genera. This approach was developed by the Boraginales Working Group. In the older, broader circumscription, Boraginaceae sensu lato is the only family in the order Boraginales, and includes about 155 genera.
21st Separate Guards Motor Rifle Brigade
The 21st Guards Red Banner Omsk-Novobug Order of Bogdan Khmelnitsky Motorized Rifle Brigade, or simply the 21st Guards Motor Rifle Brigade was a formation of the Russian Ground Forces based in Orenburg Oblast. It was formed on 1 June 2009 from the 27th Guards Motor Rifle Division as a result of the 2008 Russian military reform.

In 2014, the brigade was involved in the Russian military intervention in Ukraine. In the spring of 2024, the 27th Guards Motorized Rifle Division was revived and 21st Brigade disbanded.

BMP-2
The BMP-2 (Boyevaya Mashina Pekhoty, Russian: Боевая Машина Пехоты, literally "combat machine/vehicle [of the] infantry") is an amphibious infantry fighting vehicle introduced in the 1980s in the Soviet Union, following on from the BMP-1 of the 1960s.