hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2017 Liberal Democrats leadership election
The 2017 Liberal Democrats leadership election was held following the resignation of Tim Farron as leader on 14 June 2017, after just under two years as leader of the Liberal Democrats. At the close of applications on 20 July 2017, Vince Cable was the only nominated candidate and was therefore declared the new leader of the party.

Jamie Stone (politician)
James Hume Walter Miéville Stone (born 16 June 1954) is a Scottish Liberal Democrat politician who has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Caithness, Sutherland and Easter Ross since 2017. He is Chair of the Petitions Committee.

He was a Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for the constituency of Caithness, Sutherland, and Easter Ross. He held the seat from the opening of the Scottish Parliament in 1999, until he stood down in 2011. He served as the Liberal Democrat Spokesperson for Defence from 2019 to 2022 and has served as Spokesperson for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport from 2020 to 2024.
2009 Internazionali di Tennis dell'Umbria
The 2009 Internazionali di Tennis dell'Umbria was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor red clay courts. It was the third edition of the tournament which was part of the 2009 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Todi, Italy between 14 and 20 September 2009.

Todi
Todi (Italian pronunciation: [ˈtɔːdi]; Tuder in antiquity) is a town and comune (municipality) of the province of Perugia (region of Umbria) in central Italy. It is perched on a tall two-crested hill overlooking the east bank of the river Tiber, commanding distant views in every direction. It was founded in antiquity by the Umbri, at the border with Etruria; the gens Ulpia of Roman emperor Trajan came from Todi.
Is-a
In knowledge representation, ontology components and ontology engineering, including for object-oriented programming and design, is-a (also written as is_a or is a) is a subsumptive relationship between abstractions (e.g., types, classes), wherein one class A is a subclass of another class B (and so B is a superclass of A).
In other words, type A is a subtype of type B when A's specification implies B's specification. That is, any object (or class) that satisfies A's specification also satisfies B's specification, because B's specification is weaker.

For example, a cat 'is a[n]' animal, but not vice versa. All cats are animals, but not all animals are cats.
Behaviour that is relevant to all animals is defined on an animal class, whereas behaviour that is relevant only for cats is defined in a cat class. By defining the cat class as 'extending' the animal class, all cats 'inherit' the behaviour defined for animals, without the need to explicitly code that behaviour for cats.

Formal specification
In computer science, formal specifications are mathematically based techniques whose purpose is to help with the implementation of systems and software. They are used to describe a system, to analyze its behavior, and to aid in its design by verifying key properties of interest through rigorous and effective reasoning tools. These specifications are formal in the sense that they have a syntax, their semantics fall within one domain, and they are able to be used to infer useful information.
Yang Ya-che
Yang Ya-che (Chinese: 楊雅喆; pinyin: Yáng Yǎché; born 17 July 1971) is a Taiwanese film and television director and screenwriter. He was nominated for the Taipei Golden Horse Awards for Best Director two times, for Girlfriend, Boyfriend (女朋友·男朋友) in 2012 and The Bold, the Corrupt, and the Beautiful (血觀音) in 2017.

Golden Bell Awards
The Golden Bell Awards (Chinese: 金鐘獎; pinyin: Jīnzhōngjiǎng) is an annual Taiwanese television and radio production award presented in October or November each year by the Bureau of Audiovisual and Music Industry Development, a division of Taiwan's Ministry of Culture. It is the first radio and television production award in Chinese circulation, founded in 1965, and Taiwan's equivalent to the Emmy Awards. It is also one of the three major annual entertainment and cultural awards presented in Taiwan, along with the Golden Melody Awards for music and the Golden Horse Film Festival and Awards for films. The awards were presented by the Government Information Office until 2011.

Currently, there are two main streams presented at separate ceremonies: Television Golden Bell Awards (Chinese: 電視金鐘獎) and Broadcast Golden Bell Awards (Chinese: 廣播金鐘獎).
Boswedden Mine
The remains of Boswedden Mine ("Wheal Call" meaning work or mine) are located at the bottom of Kenidjack Valley near the town of St Just in West Penwith, Cornwall.

The wheel house originally had the largest wheel in Cornwall measuring 65 feet in diameter.

Penwith
Penwith (/ˌpɛnˈwɪθ/; Cornish: Pennwydh) is an area of Cornwall, England, located on the peninsula of the same name. It is also the name of a former local government district, whose council was based in Penzance. The area is named after one of the ancient administrative hundreds of Cornwall which derives from two Cornish words, penn meaning 'headland' and wydh meaning 'at the end'.

Natural England have designated the peninsula as national character area 156 and named it West Penwith. It is also known as the Land's End Peninsula.
American Society of Travel Advisors
American Society of Travel Advisors (abbreviated as ASTA) is a trade association which was formed to represent and defend the business and regulatory public policy interests of travel intermediaries, including travel agencies (including traditional "brick and mortar" agencies, online portals, mega- and corporate agencies, and small and mid-market businesses) and tour providers (including wholesalers and operators). The headquarters of the American Society of Travel Advisors is in Alexandria, Virginia, United States; it is a US Internal Revenue Service 501(c)(6) tax-exempt not-for-profit entity.

Its members adhere to a strict code of ethics and include travel agents, intermediaries, and supplier companies who offer travel products and services such as tours, cruises, hotels, destinations, tourist bureaus, ground transport, car rentals, local guides and hosts. leading advocate for travel advisors and the entire travel agency community, including suppliers and the traveling public.

Not-for-profit organization
A not-for-profit organisation (NFPO) is a legal entity that does not distribute surplus funds to its members and is formed to fulfill specific objectives.

While not-for-profit organizations and nonprofit organizations (NPO) are distinct legal entities, the terms are sometimes used interchangeably. An NFPO must be differentiated from a NPO as they are not formed explicitly for the public good as an NPO must be, and NFPOs are considered "recreational organizations", meaning that they do not operate with the goal of generating revenue as opposed to NPOs.
Aarhus Central Workshops
The Aarhus Central Workshops (Danish: Centralværkstederne) is a complex of listed buildings in Aarhus, Denmark and is the former DSB central train repair facility for Jutland and Fuenen. The buildings were completed in 1862 and was listed by the Danish Heritage Agency in the Danish national registry of protected buildings and places on 11 November 2005. The complex includes the central workshop building (Danish: Centralværkstedet) and the smithy (Smedjen). The building complex is situated in the central Indre By neighborhood close to the Aarhus Central Station.

Forge
A forge is a type of hearth used for heating metals, or the workplace (smithy) where such a hearth is located. The forge is used by the smith to heat a piece of metal to a temperature at which it becomes easier to shape by forging, or to the point at which work hardening no longer occurs. The metal (known as the "workpiece") is transported to and from the forge using tongs, which are also used to hold the workpiece on the smithy's anvil while the smith works it with a hammer. Sometimes, such as when hardening steel or cooling the work so that it may be handled with bare hands, the workpiece is transported to the slack tub, which rapidly cools the workpiece in a large body of water. However, depending on the metal type, it may require an oil quench or a salt brine instead; many metals require more than plain water hardening. The slack tub also provides water to control the fire in the forge.
Sangram Mukherjee
Sangram Mukherjee (born 1981) is a retired Indian professional footballer. Born and raised in Kanchrapara, Mukherjee achieved fame during playing for Mohun Bagan AC. He last played for Southern Samity in the Calcutta Football League.

Calcutta Football League
The Calcutta Football League (CFL) is a ladder-based football competition in the Indian state of West Bengal, organised by the Indian Football Association (WB) as part of the state leagues. It is the oldest football league in Asia.

The CFL is divided into CFL Premier Division, CFL 1st Division, CFL 2nd  Division, CFL 3rd Division, CFL 4th Division, CFL 5th  Division A, and CFL 5th Division B with promotion and relegation between them. CFL has more than 160 mostly Kolkata-based clubs and units. Started in 1898, this league is the oldest football league in Asia and one of the oldest football competitions in the world. CFL currently consists of a seven-tier pyramid system, with more than 8,500 directly registered players of IFA participating in CFL every year, making it one of the biggest leagues in the country.
Zgornja Vižinga
Zgornja Vižinga (pronounced [ˈzɡoːɾnja ˈʋiːʒiŋɡa], German: Oberfeising) is a village on the left bank of the Drava River in the Municipality of Radlje ob Dravi in Slovenia.

The local church is dedicated to Saint Giles (Slovene: sveti Ilj) and was first mentioned in written documents dating to the 13th century. The current building was built around 1700 and renovated in 1834. It belongs to the Parish of Radlje.

Saint Giles
Saint Giles (/dʒaɪlz/, Latin: Aegidius, French: Gilles, Italian: Egidio, Spanish: Gil; c. 650 - c. 710), also known as Giles the Hermit, was a hermit or monk active in the lower Rhône most likely in the 7th century. Revered as a saint, his cult became widely diffused but his hagiography is mostly legendary. A town that bears his name grew up around the monastery he purportedly founded, which became a pilgrimage centre and a stop on the Way of Saint James.
Hwang Sun-pil
Hwang Sun-Pil (Korean: 황선필; born 14 July 1981) is a South Korean football defender, who last played for Busan IPark in the K-League.

Hwang's professional career began with Daegu FC. In December 2008, he joined Gwangju Sangmu for military service. On 4 January 2011, Hwang transferred to the Chunnam Dragons. On 20 January 2012, he moved to Busan I'Park.

Jeonnam Dragons
The Jeonnam Dragons (Korean: 전남 드래곤즈 FC) are a South Korean professional football club based in the city of Gwangyang, South Jeolla Province that competes in the K League 2, the second tier of South Korean football. The Dragons play their home matches at the Gwangyang Football Stadium, one of the first football-specific stadiums in South Korea. They have won the Korean FA Cup four times (1997, 2006, 2007 and 2021) and were the runners-up of K League in 1997. They also reached the final of the 1998–99 Asian Cup Winners' Cup, where they lost to Al Ittihad.
Acquisition of Sun Microsystems by Oracle Corporation
The acquisition of Sun Microsystems by Oracle Corporation was completed on January 27, 2010. After the acquisition was completed, Oracle, only a software vendor prior to the merger, owned Sun's hardware product lines, such as SPARC Enterprise, as well as Sun's software product lines, including the Java programming language.

Concerns about Sun's position as a competitor to Oracle were raised by antitrust regulators, open source advocates, customers, and employees over the acquisition. The European Commission delayed the acquisition for several months over questions about Oracle's plans for MySQL, Sun's competitor to Oracle Database. The DG COMP of the European Commission finally approved the takeover, apparently pressured by the U.S. DOJ Antitrust Division to do so, according to a diplomatic cable leaked in September 2011.

Directorate-General for Competition
The Directorate-General for Competition (DG COMP) is a Directorate-General of the European Commission, located in Brussels. The DG Competition employs around 900 officials. It is responsible for establishing and implementing competition policy for the European Union. It enforces Articles 101-106 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the EU (TFEU) "in cooperation with national competition authorities." DG Competition is considered to be one of the most sophisticated antitrust enforcers in the world, alongside the United States Federal Trade Commission and the Antitrust Division of the Department of Justice. However, it operates with more independence than either American counterpart, being "structurally more insulated from political and lobbying pressures." Between 1990 and 2025, DG COMP imposed a total of 30 billion euros in fines for cartel infringements after court adjustments.
Ignatius White
Ignatius White was an Irish advisor of Limerick origins to James II of England, who sent him to The Hague in 1687 as an envoy extraordinary.  His father, Dominick White, was Mayor of Limerick in 1636.  Both the father and son (and their descendants) were granted the titles Marquess of Albyville (or Albeville) and Count of Alby, as well as greatly augmented arms and other privileges, in 1679 by Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor.

Earl Marshal
Earl Marshal (alternatively marschal or marischal) is a hereditary royal officeholder and chivalric title under the sovereign of the United Kingdom used in England (then, following the Act of Union 1800, in the United Kingdom). He is the eighth of the great officers of State in the United Kingdom, ranking beneath the Lord High Constable of England and above the Lord High Admiral.  The dukes of Norfolk have held the office since 1672.

The current earl marshal is Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk, who inherited the position in June 2002. There were formerly an Earl Marshal of Ireland and an Earl Marischal of Scotland.
Drudge
A drudge is a person who does tedious, menial, or unpleasant work; it can also refer to the work itself, known as drudgery.

Drudge can also refer to:

Matt Drudge, American Internet journalist
Drudge (TV series), Matt Drudge's former TV series
Drudge Report, news aggregator run by Matt Drudge

Drudge Retort, news aggregator run by Rogers Cadenhead

John Drudge, early 18th century sea captain who ended the career of pirate Nicholas Brown

Mr. Drudge, a character in the comic strip Motley's Crew

A race in the MMORPGs Asheron's Call and Asheron's Call 2, playable in the latter

A race of enemies in the first-person shooter video game The Conduit

Matt Drudge
Matthew Nathan Drudge (born October 27, 1966) is an American journalist and the creator/editor of the Drudge Report, an American news aggregator. Drudge is also an author and a former radio and television show host.
Eupachydiscus
Eupachydisus is a large, coarse-ribbed Pachydiscid ammonite genus from the Upper Cretaceous, found in Coniacian to Campanian age strata in Europe, Madagascar, Japan, and British Columbia.

The whorl section in Eupachydiscus is inflated and depressed, almost round in the later growth stages. Ribs are narrow but prominent in the early whorls, becoming thick and strong in the later.

Eupachydiscus is distinct from the mostly later, Campanian - Maastrichtian, compressed and high-whorled Pachydiscus, but somewhat similar to the coeval, inflated and coarse ribbed, Coniacian-Santonian, Pachydiscoides.

Campanian
The Campanian is the fifth of six ages of the Late Cretaceous epoch on the geologic timescale of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS). In chronostratigraphy, it is the fifth of six stages in the Upper Cretaceous Series. Campanian spans the time from 83.6 (± 0.2) to 72.2 (± 0.2) million years ago. It is preceded by the Santonian and it is followed by the Maastrichtian.

The Campanian was an age when a worldwide sea level rise covered many coastal areas. The morphology of some of these areas has been preserved: it is an unconformity beneath a cover of marine sedimentary rocks.
Where Sleeping Dogs Lie
Where Sleeping Dogs Lie is a 1991 American neo noir thriller film directed by Charles Finch and starring Dylan McDermott, Tom Sizemore, and Sharon Stone. The primary location for the film was C.E. Toberman Estate in Hollywood, a large Mediterranean-style, 22-room house built at the top of Camino Palmero in 1928 by C. E. Toberman.

Charles E. Toberman
Charles Edward Toberman (February 23, 1880 – November 10, 1981) was a real estate developer and stenographer who developed landmarks in Hollywood, California, including the Hollywood Bowl, Grauman's Chinese Theatre, El Capitan Theatre, Roosevelt Hotel, Bank of America Building, Grauman's Egyptian Theatre and the Hollywood Masonic Temple. Toberman, along with H. J. Whitley has been called 'the Father of Hollywood'.
Venkatachalam Palli
Venkatachalam Palli (also referred to as Venkatachalampalli) is a village in the Darsi Mandal of the Prakasam district located in the southern state of Andhra Pradesh, India. In Venkatachalam Palli, the villagers speak mainly Telugu. Venkatachalam Palli is sparsely populated, with a population of 877.

The four adjoining villages of Venkatachalam Palli are Mundlamuru, Nuzendla, Kurichedu, and Polidi.

The administration follows a Panchayat system. In MPTC, it has five villages; the others are Chalivendra, Nadimpalli, Abbaya Palem and Thanam Chinthala. The current Sarpanch (elected head of a village self-government) of this village is ankala srinu and its MPTC is Ananthu Krishnaiah. Famous places in Venkatachalam Palli include the Lord Venkateswara Temple, the Kasinayana Ashram, the Ganga Mata Temple, Lord Hanuman Temple, Goddess Poleramma and the Kanaka Durga Temple.

Prakasam district
Prakasam district named in honour of Tanguturi Prakasam is in the coastal Andhra region of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It was reorganised on 4 April 2022 and 31 December 2025. The headquarters of the district is Ongole.  It is bounded by Bapatla, Palnadu, Markapuram, Sri Potti Sriramulu Nellore districts and Bay of Bengal.
Auchenskeoch Castle
Auchenskeoch Tower is a 17th-century tower house situated in Dumfries and Galloway, south-west Scotland. It is near Dalbeattie in the civil parish of Colvend and Southwick, in the county of Kirkcudbrightshire. It is thought to be built on a Z-plan, making it the only such tower in Galloway.  Dalswinton Tower in the neighbouring county of  Dumfriesshire is the only other example in Dumfries and Galloway. The remains of the tower are within the modern Castle Farm and are a scheduled monument.

Dalswinton
Dalswinton is a small village in the historical county of Dumfriesshire in Dumfries and Galloway in the south of Scotland. It is located about six miles (ten kilometres)  northwest of Dumfries. To the east of the village a wind farm has been built with a capacity of 30 MW. Patrick Miller the entrepreneur built Dalswinton House and its surroundings, which today remain largely in their original form: the stable block situated below the main house and the walled garden; the village; the farms with the enclosed fields; all the cottages which were to house the farm workers and, finally, the loch. It was, perhaps, this for which he is most renowned, as it was on here that the first steamboat in Britain made its maiden voyage.

The name Dalswinton contains the Old English place-name swīn-tūn 'pig farm', to which Gaelic dál 'haugh or water meadow' has been added.
Tupolev Tu-22
The Tupolev Tu-22 (Air Standardization Coordinating Committee name: Blinder) was the first supersonic bomber to enter production in the Soviet Union. Manufactured by Tupolev, the Tu-22 entered service with Long-Range Aviation and Soviet Naval Aviation in the 1960s.

The aircraft was a disappointment, lacking both the speed and range that had been expected. It was also a difficult design to fly and maintain. It was produced in small numbers, especially compared to the Tupolev Tu-16 it was designed to replace. The aircraft was later adapted for other roles, notably as the Tu-22R reconnaissance aircraft and as a carrier for the long-range Kh-22 antiship missile.

Tu-22s were sold to other nations, including Libya and Iraq: Libyan Tu-22s were used against Tanzania and Chad, and Iraqi Tu-22s were used during the Iran–Iraq War.

Reconnaissance aircraft
A reconnaissance aircraft (colloquially, a spy plane) is a  military aircraft designed or adapted to perform aerial reconnaissance with roles including collection of imagery intelligence (including using photography), signals intelligence, as well as measurement and signature intelligence. Modern technology has also enabled some aircraft and UAVs to carry out real-time surveillance in addition to general intelligence gathering.

Before the development of devices such as radar, military forces relied on reconnaissance aircraft for visual observation and scouting of enemy movement.  An example is the PBY Catalina maritime patrol flying boat used by the Allies in World War II:  a flight of U.S. Navy Catalinas spotted part of the Japanese fleet approaching Midway Island, beginning the Battle of Midway.
Valeria Napoleone
Valeria Napoleone (born 1965) is an Italian art collector and patron. Valeria has been a collector for 28 years since 1997, focusing exclusively on the work of female contemporary artists working internationally.

Private collection
A private collection is a privately owned collection of works (usually artworks) or valuable items.  In a museum or art gallery context, the term signifies that a certain work is not owned by that institution, but is on loan from an individual or organization, either for temporary exhibition or for the long term. This source is usually an art collector, although it could also be a school, church, bank, or some other company or organization. By contrast, collectors of books, even if they collect for aesthetic reasons (fine bookbindings or illuminated manuscripts for example), are called bibliophiles, and their collections are typically referred to as libraries.
Tina Thompson
Tina Marie Thompson (born February 10, 1975) is an American former professional basketball player and coach. Most recently, she served as the head coach of the Virginia Cavaliers women's basketball team from 2018 to 2022; she was subsequently hired by the Portland Trail Blazers as a team scout later in 2022. Thompson was inducted into both the Women's Basketball Hall of Fame and the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 2018.

The first college draft pick in WNBA history, Thompson was selected first by the Houston Comets. She helped lead the Comets to four consecutive WNBA Championships in 1997, 1998, 1999, and 2000. She won two Olympic gold medals and made nine WNBA All-Star Game appearances. Until 2017, she was the WNBA's all-time leading scorer and, as of 2026, she ranks fourth in WNBA history.

Professional sports
In professional sports, as opposed to amateur sports, participants receive payment for their performance. Professionalism in sport has come to the fore through a combination of developments. Mass media and increased leisure have brought larger audiences, enabling sports organizations and teams to command large incomes. As a result, more sportspeople can afford to make sport their primary career, devoting the training time necessary to increase skills, physical condition, and experience to modern levels of achievement. This proficiency has also helped boost the popularity of sports. In most sports played professionally, there are many more amateurs than professional players, though amateurs and professionals do not usually compete.