hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Balkar and Karachay nationalism
Balkar and Karachay nationalism is the national sentiment among the Balkars and Karachays. It generally manifests itself in:

The movement for the recognition of the 1944 deportations (where the Balkars and Karachay, along with the Kalmyks, Chechens and Ingush were deported to Siberia and Central Asia) as a genocide against the nation.

The movement to separate Kabardino-Balkaria into Kabardin and Balkar administrative units (Circassian nationalists also share this goal)

Likewise, the movement to separate Karachay–Cherkessia into Karachay and Cherkess administrative units

The movement to unify Karachai and Balkar units into a single republic

The movement to unify the census categories of Karachai and Balkar into a single category

Turkic nationalist flavor, and a strong affinity to the state of Turkey

Mandate of Karachay-Balkar language as the official language

Defense of Balkar grazing lands against Kabardin influence

In some circles, Pan-Turkism

Kabardino-Balkarian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
The Kabardino-Balkarian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was an autonomous republic of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic within the Soviet Union, and was originally a part of the Mountain Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. On 16 January 1922 the region was detached from the Mountain ASSR and the Kabardino-Balkarian Autonomous Oblast on 1 September 1921. It became an autonomous republic on 5 December 1936. On 30 January 1991, the Kabardino-Balkarian ASSR declared state sovereignty. It is now the Kabardino-Balkaria republic, a federal subject of the Russian Federation. The Kabardino-Balkarian ASSR bordered no other sovereign states during the existence of the Soviet Union.

Like the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, the Kabardino-Balkarian ASSR was shared by two nationalities. Both autonomous republics resided as part of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and featured Russians as the ethnic majority.
Neglinnaya Street
Neglinnaya Street (Russian: Неглинная улица) is a street inside the Garden Ring of Moscow, Russia. It runs from the Bolshoi Theatre to the Trubnaya Square. The street was paved over the underground Neglinnaya River in 1819. Throughout the 20th century the river regularly flooded the street and the adjacent quarter. The highlights of the Neglinnaya include the Muir & Mirrielees building, the Petrovka Passazh, the Sandunov Baths, and the Central Bank of the Russian Federation.

Garden Ring
The Garden Ring  (Russian: Садовое кольцо, romanized: Sadovoye koltso), also known as the "B" Ring (Russian: кольцо "Б"), is a circular ring road and avenue around central Moscow, with its course corresponding to what used to be the city ramparts surrounding Zemlyanoy Gorod in the 17th century.

The Ring consists of seventeen individually named streets and fifteen squares. It has a circumference of 16 kilometers (9.9 mi). At its narrowest point, Krymsky Bridge, the Ring has six lanes. After reconstruction is completed, no section of the Ring will have more than ten lanes. In 2018, more than 50% of sections of the Garden Ring had been reconstructed, including Zubovskaya Square, which was the widest section, with about 18 lanes before reconstruction. The Ring emerged in the 1820s, replacing fortifications in the form of ramparts that were no longer of military value.
2004 Vermont elections
A general election was held in the U.S. state of Vermont on November 2, 2004. All of Vermont's executive officers were up for election as well as Vermont's at-large seat in the U.S. House and Class 3 U.S. Senate seat. The 2004 presidential election was also held at the same time.

2002 United States House of Representatives election in Vermont
The 2002 United States House of Representatives election in Vermont was held on Tuesday, November 5, 2002, to elect the U.S. representative from the state's at-large congressional district. The election coincided with the elections of other federal and state offices.

Incumbent Independent Bernie Sanders won re-election, defeating Republican candidate Bill Meub by 32 points.
Spahiu
Spahiu is an Albanian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Albert Spahiu (born 1990), Kosovar-Swiss football striker

Avni Spahiu (born 1953), Kosovar diplomat and television director

Bedri Spahiu (1908–1998), Albanian politician

Gabriel Spahiu (born 1968), Romanian actor of Kosoven descent

Kreshnik Spahiu (born 1969), Albanian lawyer and politician

Rexhep Spahiu (1923–1993), Albanian football player and coach

Xhafer Spahiu (1923–1999), Albanian politician

Xhevahir Spahiu (born 1945), Albanian poet

Rexhep Spahiu
Rexhep Spahiu (21 January 1923 – 12 January 1993) was an Albanian football player and coach.

Nicknamed Xhepi, he spent his playing career with Sportklub Tiranë and Partizani Tirana, before becoming the head coach of Partizani, Apolonia Fier, Korabi Peshkopi and Besa Kavajë.
Sunlight on a Broken Column
Sunlight on a Broken Column is a novel by Attia Hosain, which was published in 1961. The novel, mainly set in Lucknow, is an autobiographical account by a fictional character called Laila, who is a 15-year-old orphaned daughter of a rich Muslim family of Taluqdars. It is a novel by a Muslim lady on the theme of Partition of India into India and Pakistan.

In 2022, the novel was included on the "Big Jubilee Read" list of 70 books by Commonwealth authors, selected to celebrate the Platinum Jubilee of Elizabeth II.

Big Jubilee Read
The Big Jubilee Read is a 2022 campaign to promote reading for pleasure and to celebrate the Platinum Jubilee of Elizabeth II. A list of 70 books by Commonwealth authors, 10 from each decade of Elizabeth II's reign, was selected by a panel of experts and announced by the BBC and The Reading Agency on 18 April 2022.
Solar eclipse of May 1, 1185
A total solar eclipse was visible on May 1, 1185 in Central America, Northern Europe, Eastern Europe, and Kazakhstan. The eclipse is number 30 in the Solar Saros 115 series. The eclipse shadow on the Earth's surface was at its greatest at 13:18:02 Universal Time. The sun was in Taurus at this time. The eclipse was documented in Tale of Igor's Campaign and the Laurentian Codex, and possibly the Chronicle of Melrose and the Brut y Tywysogion. It may have influenced Igor Svyatoslavich's campaign against the Polovtsians.

Solar Saros 115
Saros cycle series 115 for solar eclipses occurred at the Moon's ascending node, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, containing 72 eclipses, 55 of which were umbral (37 total, 4 hybrid, 14 annular). The first eclipse was on 21 June 662 and the last was on 12 August 1942. The longest totality was 6 minutes 24 seconds on 5 July 1293, the longest annular was 1 minute 54 seconds on 27 May 1816.

This solar saros is linked to Lunar Saros 108.
Fortune Dogs
Fortune Dogs (ふぉうちゅんドッグす, Fōchun Doggusu) is a manga series by Shuji Kishihara and Yasuharu Tomono serialized in Nakayoshi, about the lives of 48 puppies. An anime television series was produced based on the manga.

The main character's story presents the journey of the archetypal hero found in world mythologies and religions (the Monomyth), a theory developed by Joseph Campbell in his book The Hero with a Thousand Faces.

Golden Retriever
The Golden Retriever is a Scottish breed of retriever dog of medium-large size. It is characterised by a gentle and affectionate nature and a striking golden coat. It is a working dog, and registration is subject to successful completion of a working trial. It is commonly kept as a companion dog and is among the most frequently registered breeds in several Western countries; some may compete in dog shows or obedience trials, or work as guide dogs.

The Golden Retriever was bred by Sir Dudley Marjoribanks at his Scottish estate Guisachan in the late nineteenth century. He cross-bred Flat-coated Retrievers with Tweed Water Spaniels, with some further infusions of Red Setter, Labrador Retriever and Bloodhound. It was recognised by the Kennel Club in 1913, and during the interwar period spread to many parts of the world.
TKM (karting)
Formula TKM is a British based karting category raced at club and national championships around the UK.  It uses 100cc/115cc 2-stroke TKM engines (BT82) for the Junior and Senior classes respectively.   A number of Britains elite racing drivers have competed in the TKM class at some point in their careers.

Maxxis
Cheng Shin Rubber Industry Co. (Chinese: 正新橡膠工業股份有限公司; pinyin: Zhèngxīn Xiàngjiāo Gōngyè Gǔfèn Yǒuxiàn Gōngsī) is a Taiwanese tire company which is the 16th largest in the world. Established in 1967, in Yuanlin City, Changhua County, Taiwan, by Luo Jye. Maxxis Tyres  and CST tires are wholly owned subsidiaries of Cheng Shin.

The company began as a producer of bicycle tyres and has since expanded into other types of tyres, including for motor vehicles. In 2015 Cheng Shin had worldwide revenue of over $3.85 billion.
Faiha
Al-Faiha (Arabic: الفيحاء) is an urban area located in Al Asimah Governorate in Kuwait.

Al Faiha is a residential area located 1.6 km from Kuwait City between the second and third ring roads. The Al Turiki Museum is in Al Faiha. It is divided into 9 blocks. Block 5 is the central block which is home to the biggest supermarket in Faiha, the police station, gas station and many other stuff. Faiha was founded in 1953.

Capital Governorate (Kuwait)
The Asimah Governorate or Capital Governorate, sometimes referred to as Al Kuwayt, is one of the six governorates of Kuwait. It comprises the historic core of Kuwait City, industrial and port areas such as Shuwaikh Port and Doha Port, and several offshore islands.

The governorate houses most of Kuwait's financial and business centres such as the Kuwait Stock Exchange.
2012 Oregon Ballot Measure 80
Oregon Ballot Measure 80, also known as the Oregon Cannabis Tax Act, OCTA and Initiative-9, was an initiated state statute ballot measure on the November 6, 2012 general election ballot in Oregon. It would have allowed personal marijuana and hemp cultivation or use without a license and created a commission to regulate the sale of commercial marijuana. The act would also have set aside two percent of profits from cannabis sales to promote industrial hemp, biodiesel, fiber, protein, and oil.

Measure 80 was defeated 53.44%-46.56%.

Hemp oil
Hemp oil (hemp seed oil) is oil obtained by pressing hemp seeds. Cold pressed, unrefined hemp oil is dark to clear light green in color, with a nutty flavor. The darker the color, the grassier the flavour. It should not be confused with hash oil, a tetrahydrocannabinol-containing oil made from the Cannabis flower.
Qingyuan, Ji'an
Qingyuan is a district (Chinese: 青原区; pinyin: Qīngyuán Qū) in the municipal region of Ji'an, Jiangxi province, People's Republic of China. 
Qingyuan comprises the right (east) bank of the Gan River opposite the Ji'an municipal government centre, and stretches southeast in a rather narrow strip of territory up to Mount Dawu (大乌山, 1204m) on the border with Ganzhou Municipality.

Provinces of China
Provinces (Chinese: 省; pinyin: Shěng) are the most numerous type of province-level divisions, the first-level subdivisions of the People's Republic of China (PRC). There are currently 22 provinces administered by the PRC, and one further province that is claimed but not administered, which is Taiwan.

The local governments of Chinese provinces consist of a Provincial People's Government headed by a governor that acts as the executive, a Provincial People's Congress with legislative powers, and a parallel provincial branch of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) that elects a party secretary and a provincial standing committee.
St. George, Louisiana
St. George is a city in East Baton Rouge Parish in Louisiana, USA. With a population of 86,316, it is the second most populous city in the parish (after Baton Rouge) and fifth most populous in the state.

St. George is the newest incorporated city in Louisiana and was approved through a ballot initiative on October 12, 2019. The city originated from previously unincorporated areas located southeast of Baton Rouge.

A legal action of St. George was filed in 19th Judicial District Court in East Baton Rouge Parish on November 4, 2019. After rulings by the district court and the Louisiana First Circuit Court of Appeals, the Louisiana Supreme Court upheld the incorporation in a 4–3 decision.

Baton Rouge metropolitan area
The Baton Rouge metropolitan statistical area, as defined by the United States Office of Management and Budget, or simply the Baton Rouge metropolitan area or Greater Baton Rouge, is a sprawling metropolitan statistical area surrounding the city of Baton Rouge. Including the western edge of the Florida Parishes regions, it is known as "Plantation Country", the "Capital Region", and "The 225" (a reference to its area code). At the 2010 U.S. census, the metropolitan area had a population of 802,484, up from 705,973 in 2000. At the 2020 census, its population increased to 870,569, up from 2020 estimates at 858,571.
5-TFMO-DMT
5-TFMO-DMT (5-(trifluoromethoxy)-DMT, 5-OCF3-DMT, 5-(trifluoromethoxy)-N,N-dimethyltryptamine) is a psychedelic tryptamine derivative related to drugs such as 5-MeO-DMT and DMT (DMT). It acts as an agonist at the 5-HT2A receptor with an EC50 of 127.2 nM. It was shown to release serotonin (5-HT) from synaptosomal preparations, and to reduce immobility time in the forced-swim test in animal studies, suggesting that it might have antidepressant activity.

5-HT2A receptor
The 5-HT2A receptor is a subtype of the 5-HT2 receptor that belongs to the serotonin receptor family and functions as a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). It is a cell surface receptor that activates multiple intracellular signalling cascades.
Like all 5-HT2 receptors, the 5-HT2A receptor is coupled to the Gq/G11 signaling pathway. It is the primary excitatory receptor subtype among the serotonin-responsive GPCRs. The 5-HT2A receptor was initially noted for its central role as the primary target of serotonergic psychedelic drugs such as LSD and psilocybin mushrooms. It later regained research prominence when found to mediate, at least in part, the effects of many antipsychotic drugs, particularly atypical antipsychotics.
Ali Faudet
Ali Faudet (born July 3, 1970) is a track and field sprint athlete who represented Chad at both the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul and the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona.

In Seoul, he was one of six athletes competing for Chad. He participated in the 400 metres, achieving a time of 48.69 seconds. This put him sixth in his heat, which did not qualify him for the next round. In Barcelona, Faudet was one of only three athletes competing for Chad. He again competed in the 400 metres, this time achieving a time of 47.10 seconds. Again, he placed sixth in his heat, and again, he did not progress to the next round.

Athletics at the 1988 Summer Olympics – Men's 400 metres
The men's 400 metres at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea took place between 24 and 28 September 1988. Seventy-five athletes from 55 nations competed. The maximum number of athletes per nation had been set at three since the 1930 Olympic Congress. The event was won by 0.06 seconds by Steve Lewis of the United States, the second in what would ultimately be seven consecutive American victories stretching from 1984 to 2008. The United States swept the podium in the event for the third time, having previously done so in 1904 and 1968.
BAP Coronel Bolognesi
Four ships of the Peruvian Navy have been named BAP Coronel Bolognesi after Peruvian Army hero Francisco Bolognesi:

BAP Coronel Bolognesi (1906), commissioned in 1907, was an Almirante Grau-class cruiser

BAP Coronel Bolognesi (CL-82), commissioned in 1959, was a Crown Colony-class cruiser

BAP Coronel Bolognesi (DD-70), commissioned in 1982, was a Friesland-class destroyer

BAP Coronel Bolognesi (FM-57), commissioned in 2006, is a Lupo-class frigate

Friesland-class destroyer
The Friesland-class destroyers were built for the Royal Netherlands Navy in the 1950s. They were a larger modified version of the Holland class with more powerful machinery. Eight ships were built. They were replaced by the Kortenaer-class frigates in the early 1980s and seven ships were sold to the Peruvian Navy where they served until 1991. The main armament was supplied by Bofors.

The machinery was identical to that used in the American Gearing-class destroyers and manufactured under licence by Werkspoor. The radar was manufactured by Hollandse Signaalapparaten.
Clinosperma macrocarpa
Clinosperma macrocarpa is a species of palm tree known from a single population at around 500 metres (1,600 ft) altitude on Mont Panié, New Caledonia. It was described as the only species in the genus Lavoixia, but has since been moved to genus Clinosperma. It is listed as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List.

Mont Panié
Mont Panié is a mountain on the island of Grande Terre in New Caledonia, a special collectivity of France located in the southwest Pacific Ocean. At 1,628 metres (5,341 ft), it is the island's highest point. Mont Panié is situated in the Chaîne Centrale mountain range. The second highest peak on the island, Mount Humboldt, is nearly as tall as Mont Panié, with an elevation of 1,618 metres (5,308 ft).
Penycwm
Penycwm (Welsh for "Head of the valley") is a small settlement on the A487 road near Newgale, Pembrokeshire, Wales. It is part of the community (formerly civil parish) of Brawdy. At the other end of a valley to the coast is Penycwm beach, also known as Pwll March. Penycwm is close to the popular Newgale Sands, on the Pembrokeshire Coast Path and in the Pembrokeshire Coast National Park.

The village's Independent Chapel, built in Gothic style in stone in 1870, had become a private residence by 2004.

To the northeast is Llethr, an 18th and 19th house, owned by the Thomas family until 1823, but in a poor state of repair when inspected in 1993. The house is a Grade II listed building, as is the house's stable block.
Penycwm was the location for the United Kingdom's first 5-star youth hostel.

Hostel
A hostel is a form of low-cost, short-term shared sociable lodging where guests can rent a bed, usually a bunk bed in a dormitory sleeping 4–20 people, with shared use of a lounge and usually a kitchen. Rooms can be private or shared - mixed or single-sex - and have private or shared bathrooms. Food and beverage, laundry services, luggage storage, and lockers may also be available.

Hostels are popular forms of lodging for backpackers and with youth travel; however, most do not impose age limits. The global size of the hostel market was estimated at US$7.21 billion in 2023 and was projected to grow at a 6.5% compound annual growth rate until 2030. In 2019, there were an estimated 5,829 hostels in Europe and 4,738 hostels in Asia. The typical guest is between 16 and 34 years old, although it can vary depending on the country. Many hostels are locally owned and operated.
Northern Counties Paladin
The Northern Counties Paladin, also badged as the Plaxton Paladin towards the end of production, is a step-entrance single-decker bus body built by Northern Counties of Wigan, UK, between 1991 and 1998. The replacements for the Paladin are the Prestige and the Pointer as low-floor models for the Paladin LF.

Metroline
Metroline is a bus operator operating primarily in Greater London and partially in Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Hertfordshire. It is a subsidiary of ComfortDelGro and operates bus services for London Buses under contract to Transport for London. Operations are run under two registered companies, Metroline Travel Limited and Metroline West Limited.
Daniel Sasnett
Daniel D. Sasnett (born March 20, 1978) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He last competed part-time in the NASCAR Gander Outdoors Truck Series, driving the Nos. 33 and 32 Chevrolet Silverado and Toyota Tundra for Reaume Brothers Racing and the No. 0 Silverado for JJC Racing.

Toyota Tundra
The Toyota Tundra (Japanese: トヨタ・タンドラ, Hepburn: Toyota Tandora) is a full-size pickup truck manufactured in the United States by the Japanese manufacturer Toyota since May 1999. The Tundra was the second full-size pickup to be built by a Japanese manufacturer (the first was the Toyota T100), but the Tundra was the first full-size pickup from a Japanese manufacturer to be built in North America. The Tundra was nominated for the North American Truck of the Year award and was Motor Trend magazine's Truck of the Year in 2000 and 2008. Initially built in a new Toyota plant in Princeton, Indiana, production was consolidated in 2008 to Toyota's San Antonio, Texas, factory.
Mack LR
The Mack LR (Low Ride) is a series of heavy-duty (Class 8) trucks built by Mack Trucks. They are a forward control cab-over-engine type, where the driver sits in front of the axle. A flat front has two large windshields. The cab is very low-profile and has dual driving controls with a stand-up driving position on the right side. It is used in refuse service with front, side, and rear-loading refuse compactor bodies. Introduced in 2015 it remains in production in 2020.

The LR is a direct evolution of the 1994 model LE and the upgraded 2007 TerraPro LE. All three models are mechanically and visually similar.

Mack Trucks
Mack Trucks, Inc. is an American truck manufacturing company and a former manufacturer of buses and trolley buses. Founded in 1900 as the Mack Brothers Company, it manufactured its first truck in 1905 and adopted its present name in 1922. Since 2000, Mack Trucks has been a subsidiary of Volvo, which purchased Mack and its former parent company Renault Véhicules Industriels.

Founded originally in Brooklyn in 1900, the company moved its headquarters to Allentown, Pennsylvania, five years later, in 1905. The company remained in Allentown for over a century, from 1905 until 2009.

Mack products are produced in Lower Macungie, Pennsylvania, and Salem, Virginia. Its powertrain products are produced in its Hagerstown, Maryland, plant. Mack also maintains additional assembly plants in facilities in Pennsylvania, Australia, and Venezuela. The company also once maintained plants in Winnsboro, South Carolina, Hayward, California, and Oakville, Ontario, which are now closed.
Pain of Mind
Pain of Mind is the debut studio album by American post-metal band Neurosis, originally released through Alchemy Records in 1987. It was later reissued by Alternative Tentacles in 1994 and by Neurot Recordings in 2000; the 2000 reissue contains a special bonus disc that includes live tracks, live radio tracks, and demo tracks. Pennsylvanian politician R. Budd Dwyer is pictured on the front cover of the 1994 vinyl release, milliseconds after he committed suicide during a televised press conference in 1987.

Pain of Mind is the only Neurosis album to feature guitarist Chad Salter.

Neurot Recordings
Neurot Recordings is an American independent record label founded by members of avant-garde metal band Neurosis in 1999. Gradually expanding, it has showcased a variety of artists including a number of sludge metal, post-rock, and noise bands.
Sasibuqa
Sasibuqa (Mongolian: Сатибуха; Kazakh: Сасыбұқа, romanized: Sasybūqa) was Khan of the White Horde. He may have been one of Bayan's four sons.

The rulers of the White Horde or the Left wing of the Golden Horde issued decrees with the name of Khan in Sarai, though, they were reigning largely independent.

His son was Muslim Ilbasan, also known as Irzan, another khan of the White Horde.

Kazakh alphabets
The Kazakh language was written mainly in four scripts at various points of time – Old Turkic, Cyrillic, Latin, and Arabic – each having a distinct alphabet. The Arabic script is used in Iran, Afghanistan, and China, while the Cyrillic script is used in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, and Mongolia. In October 2017, a presidential decree in Kazakhstan ordered a transition from the Cyrillic to Latin script to be implemented by 2025. In January 2021, the target year for finishing the transition was pushed back to 2031.