hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Childhood in the Viking Age
In Viking Age Scandinavia, boys were legally considered to be adults at age 16.  But before they reached adulthood, they had a childhood spent learning the skills they would need to be successful. Viking children were primarily raised by their mothers, although sometimes Viking boys lived with another family for a period of time as a foster child. This was meant to forge bonds between the two families and entitled the boy to help from his foster family, as well as his birth family. It also bound him to them and they often remained close through the life of the boy.

Fosterage
Fosterage, the practice of a family bringing up a child not their own, differs from adoption in that the child's parents, not the foster-parents, remain the acknowledged parents. In many modern western societies foster care can be organised by the state to care for children with troubled family backgrounds, usually on a temporary basis. In many pre-modern societies fosterage was a form of patronage, whereby influential families cemented political relationships by bringing up each other's children, similar to arranged marriages, also based on dynastic or alliance calculations.

This practice was once common in Ireland, Wales, and Scotland.
Halpern v. Wake Forest University Health Sciences
Halpern v. Wake Forest University Health Sciences (4th Cir. Feb 28, 2012) was a court case in which the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit upheld a lower court's decision to grant summary judgment in favor of Wake Forest University Health Sciences. The medical school expelled a student due to ongoing unprofessional conduct, which the student attributed to ADHD and anxiety disorder. The court held that professionalism was an essential requirement of a medical school program in part because "inappropriate and disruptive behavior by physicians increases adverse patient outcomes".

Wake Forest School of Medicine
Wake Forest University School of Medicine is the medical school of Wake Forest University, with two campuses located in Winston-Salem, North Carolina and Charlotte, North Carolina, United States. It is affiliated with Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist, the academic medical center whose clinical arm is Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist. In 2021, U.S. News & World Report ranked Wake Forest School of Medicine 48th best for research in the nation and 80th best for primary care. The School of Medicine also ranks in the top third of U.S. medical schools in funding from the National Institutes of Health (NIH).
View of Dresden by Moonlight
View of Dresden by Moonlight (German: Blick auf Dresden bei Vollmondschein) is a 1839 landscape painting by the Norwegian artist Johan Christian Dahl. Dahl settled in the Saxon capital Dresden where, along with Caspar David Friedrich, he was known for his romantic landscapes. The night view of the city features a number of notable landmarks silhouetted by the River Elbe including the Frauenkirche, Dresden Cathedral and the Augustus Bridge.

The work is today in the collection of the Galerie Neue Meister in Dresden, having been acquired in 1937. Dahl had previously produced an 1823 work Dresden in the Moonlight, now in a private collection.

Romantic art
Romanticism in the visual arts, originating in the 1760s, marked a shift towards depicting wild landscapes and dramatic scenes, reflecting a departure from classical artistic norms. This movement emphasized the sublime beauty of nature, the intensity of human emotions, and the glorification of the past, often through the lens of national identity and historical events.

Romantic art spread across Europe, gradually influencing various forms of artistic expression, and later resonated in America where artists incorporated these themes into portrayals of the unique American landscape. Its influence eventually spread globally, shaping various art forms and inspiring artists to express a more profound, emotional response to the natural world and societal changes. Romantic art highlighted the power of the individual perspective and the universal human experience, resonating across different cultures and leading to lasting impacts on artistic expression worldwide.
2025 China Open – Men's singles
Jannik Sinner defeated Learner Tien in the final, 6–2, 6–2 to win the men’s singles tennis title at the 2025 China Open. It was his second China Open title (after 2023) and 21st ATP Tour title overall.

Carlos Alcaraz was the reigning champion, but chose to compete in Tokyo instead.

David Goffin
David Goffin (French pronunciation: [david ɡɔfɛ̃]; born 7 December 1990) is a Belgian professional tennis player. He achieved a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 7, making him the highest-ranked male player from Belgium in tennis history and also the first and only Belgian man to be ranked in the Top 10. He is currently the No. 3 Belgian player.

Goffin has won six ATP titles and reached nine other finals, most notably at the 2017 ATP Finals.
Goffin's breakthrough came at the 2012 French Open, where he was a lucky loser making his major debut. He reached the fourth round before losing to Roger Federer in four sets. Goffin has since reached four major quarterfinals, at the 2016 French Open, and the 2017 Australian Open, and the 2019 and 2022 Wimbledon Championships. At the 2017 ATP Finals, Goffin defeated Dominic Thiem, world No. 1 Rafael Nadal and world No. 2 Roger Federer en route to the final where he lost to Grigor Dimitrov.
Archie Gips
Archie Gips is an American filmmaker and producer raised in New Rochelle, New York, who resides in Los Angeles. He is a cofounder and partner/president of Unrealistic Ideas, a production company that specializes in nonscripted formats.

Braxton Family Values
Braxton Family Values (abbreviated BFV) is an American reality television series that airs on WE tv and premiered on April 12, 2011. It chronicled the lives of the Braxton sisters—Toni, Traci, Towanda, Trina and Tamar and their mother, Evelyn.

Braxton Family Values had received favorable reviews from critics and has been recognized as a "guilty pleasure" by several media outlets. The fourth season was the most watched season with 1.5 million total viewers, up 8% compared to the previous seasons.

The show's spin-off series, Tamar & Vince, aired on WE tv from 2012 to 2017.
Galactogen
Galactogen is a polysaccharide of galactose that functions as energy storage in pulmonate snails and some Caenogastropoda. This polysaccharide is exclusive of the reproduction and is only found in the albumen gland from the female snail reproductive system and in the perivitelline fluid of eggs.

Galactogen serves as an energy reserve for developing embryos and hatchlings, which is later replaced by glycogen in juveniles and adults. The advantage of accumulating galactogen instead of glycogen in eggs remains unclear, although some hypotheses have been proposed (see below).

Perivitelline space
The perivitelline space is the space between the zona pellucida and the cell membrane of an oocyte or fertilized ovum. In the slow block to polyspermy, the cortical granules released from the ovum are deposited in the perivitelline space. Polysaccharides released in the granules cause the space to swell, pushing the zona pellucida further from the oocyte. The hydrolytic enzymes released by the granules cause the zona reaction, which removes the ZP3 ligands from the zona pellucida.
Biñan
Biñan (Tagalog pronunciation: [biˈɲan] or traditionally [biˈɲaŋ]), officially the City of Biñan (Filipino: Lungsod ng Biñan), is a  component city in the province of Laguna, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 584,479 people, making it the most populous city in the province of Laguna.

Biñan has become both a suburban residential community of Metro Manila and a location for some of the Philippines' largest industrial estates and export processing zones. Prior to its cityhood in 2010, Biñan was the richest municipality in the Philippines with an annual gross income of ₱677 million (US$14.383 million) and net income of ₱250 million (US$5.308 million), as of 2007 by the Commission on Audit.

Commission on Audit
The Commission on Audit (COA; Filipino: Komisyon sa Awdit) is an independent constitutional commission established by the Constitution of the Philippines. It has the primary function to examine, audit and settle all accounts and expenditures of the funds and properties of the Philippine government.

The Commission on Audit is a creation of the 1973 constitution. It was preceded by the Office of the Auditor in 1899, renamed as the Bureau of the Insular Auditor in 1900, then to the Bureau of Audits in 1905. The 1935 constitution created the General Auditing Office (GAO), and was led by the Auditor General. The 1973 constitution renamed the GAO to the Commission on Audit, a collegial body led by a chairman, with two commissioners. That setup was retained by the 1987 constitution.

The other two Constitutional Commissions are the Commission on Elections and Civil Service Commission.
2024 Lalitpur Mayor Women's Cup
The 2024 Lalitpur Mayor Women's Cup was the fourth edition of the Lalitpur Mayor Women's Cup, the premier Twenty20 cricket tournament in Nepal. The tournament had 5 teams including Lalitpur Mayor's XI along with 4 teams that reached the semi-finals of the Prime Minister's Cup Women's T-20 National Tournament. The Lalitpur Mayor's XI team is formed from the players of  remaining four provinces that did not reach the semi-finals of Prime Minister's Cup. All team play with each other's in round-robin format with top two team advancing to the finals.

Nepal A.P.F. Club were the defending champion having won the all three previous editions.

Nepal A.P.F. Club (APF) Club women have clinched the title of Lalitpur Mayor’s Cup Women’s Tournament 2024. They won their fourth consecutive title of the Lalitpur Mayor Women's T20 championship at the TU Cricket Ground by defeating Sudurpashchim Province by 2 runs in the final.

Cricket Association of Nepal
Cricket Association of Nepal (CAN) is the official governing body of cricket in Nepal. Its headquarters are situated in Mulpani, Kathmandu. It is Nepal's representative at the International Cricket Council and has been an associate member since 1996 AD (2053 BS). It is also a member of the Asian Cricket Council (ACC).

The board was dissolved by the government of Nepal in November 2014 on the grounds of incompetence and a three-member ad hoc committee was established with a new president designated by the government itself.

In April 2016, CAN was suspended by the International Cricket Council (ICC), on the grounds of government interference in its operations. However the suspension did not prevent Nepal's national teams from participating in ICC tournaments.

The ICC welcomed the elections of the board held in September 2019.  On 13 October 2019, the ICC lifted its suspension of the Cricket Association of Nepal, and formally reinstated the board on a conditional basis on 14 October.
Kakeru Narita
Kakeru Narita (成田 翔, Narita Kakeru; born February 3, 1998) is a Japanese baseball pitcher for the Tokyo Yakult Swallows of Nippon Professional Baseball.

Narita attended Akita Commerce and Business High School, and first represented Japan in international competition during the 2015 U-18 Baseball World Cup. After the tournament, Narita was selected by the Chiba Lotte Marines in the 2015 Nippon Professional Baseball draft as the team's third pick.

He pitched in the Eastern League for the Marines affiliate team during the 2016 season, and made his Nippon Professional Baseball debut the next year, splitting the 2017 season between NPB and the Eastern League. From 2017 to 2021, with the exception of the 2019 season, Narita has spent time in the Eastern League as well as with the Marines at the NPB level. In 2018, Narita played in the U-23 Baseball World Cup and MLB Japan All-Star Series for Japan.

Eastern League (Japanese baseball)
The Eastern League (イースタン・リーグ) is one of the two minor leagues ("ni-gun") of Japanese professional baseball. The league is owned and managed by the Central League of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB). Teams in the Eastern League generally play an 80-game schedule every year.
Cape Haze Pioneer Trail
The Cape Haze Pioneer Trail is an 8-mile (13 km) rail trail in Charlotte County, Florida, on the Cape Haze peninsula running from western Port Charlotte to Placida. A vast majority of the trail runs along the right of way of the former Charlotte Harbor and Northern Railway.

Port Charlotte, Florida
Port Charlotte is a census-designated place and unincorporated community in Charlotte County, Florida, United States. The population was 60,625 at the 2020 census, up from 54,392 at the 2010 census. It is included in the Sarasota metropolitan area.

Port Charlotte was named to the "10 Best Places to Retire", in the United States for the year 2012 by U.S. News & World Report.
Ponsonby, Ontario
Ponsonby is an unincorporated rural community on Wellington County Road 7 in Centre Wellington township, Ontario, Canada.

The Upper Grand District School Board maintains Ponsonby Public School on Wellington Road 7.  Ponsonby Recreation Club hosts softball and fastball leagues at the Ponsonby ball diamonds on Second Line East near Ponsonby.

Upper Grand District School Board
The Upper Grand District School Board (known as English-language Public District School Board No. 18 prior to 1999) is a school board in Ontario, Canada. It spans an area of 4211 km2 and serves approximately 35,000 students through 65 elementary schools and 11 secondary schools in Dufferin County, Wellington County and the City of Guelph.

Student success is the goal of over 4,000 dedicated teaching and support staff who are aided by the contributions of caring volunteers and community partners.

The board has 10 elected trustees and 2 student trustees. The 2023-24 budget (Operating only) is $455,486,186.
Cedar Crest, California
37°14′42″N 119°12′04″W﻿ / ﻿37.24500°N 119.20111°W﻿ / 37.24500; -119.20111

Cedar Crest is an unincorporated community in Fresno County, California. It is located on the north side of Huntington Lake 3.5 miles (5.6 km) northeast of Big Creek, at an elevation of 7077 feet (2157 m).  Cedar Crest was established as a resort community for boaters and hunters in the early 1920s.

A post office operated at Cedar Crest from 1923 to 1955, and from 1962 to the present.

Huntington Lake
Huntington Lake is a reservoir in Fresno County, California on Big Creek, located in the Sierra Nevada at an elevation of 6,955 feet (2,120 m). The lake receives water from Southern California Edison's Big Creek Hydroelectric Project, as well as the many streams that flow into the lake. Some water leaving the lake flows to Big Creek, while some is diverted to nearby Shaver Lake. The lake is home to a variety of recreational activities, including camping, horse-back riding, skiing, sailing, fishing and more. It is drained and refilled through the Big Creek dam system each year, with winter water levels often dipping below 50 percent of the lake's capacity.
Zamorano-Leonés
The Zamorano-Leonés is a breed of large domestic donkey from the provinces of Zamora and León, in the autonomous community of Castilla y León, in north-western Spain. The name derives from those of the two provinces.

Province of León
León (UK: /leɪˈɒn/, US: /leɪˈoʊn/; Spanish: [leˈon]; Leonese: Llión [ʎiˈoŋ]; Galician: [leˈoŋ]) is a province of northwestern Spain in the northern part of the Region of León and in the northwestern part of the autonomous community of Castile and León.

About one quarter of its population of 463,746 (2018) lives in the capital, León. The climate is dry, cold in winter and hot in summer. This creates the perfect environment for wine and all types of cold meats and sausages like the leonese "Morcilla" and the "Cecina".

There are two famous Roman Catholic cathedrals in the province, the main one in León and another in Astorga. The province shares the Picos de Europa National Park (in the Picos de Europa mountain range) with Cantabria and Asturias. It has 211 municipalities.
Borucino, West Pomeranian Voivodeship
Borucino [bɔruˈt͡ɕinɔ] (German: Brosland) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Połczyn-Zdrój, within Świdwin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) west of Połczyn-Zdrój, 18 km (11 mi) east of Świdwin, and 103 km (64 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin. The village has a population of 20.

Świdwin County
Świdwin County (Polish: powiat świdwiński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in West Pomeranian Voivodeship, north-western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Świdwin, which lies 89 kilometres (55 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin. The only other town in the county is Połczyn-Zdrój, lying 23 km (14 mi) east of Świdwin.

The county covers an area of 1,093.06 square kilometres (422.0 sq mi). As of 2012 its total population is 49,181.
Sarmaya Arts Foundation
Sarmaya Arts Foundation is a not-for-profit curated repository of art, artefacts and living traditions from the Indian subcontinent, run by the Sarmaya Trust and led by Paul Abraham and Pavitra Rajaram. Founded by former IndusInd Bank COO Paul Abraham in 2015, Sarmaya started as a digital museum showcasing Abraham's private collection of numismatics, cartography, photography, engravings, modern art, living traditions and rare books. In 2024, the archive moved to a restored space inside the 146-year-old Lawrence & Mayo building on Dr DN Road in Fort, Mumbai. It houses the Sarmaya collection and a library of 15,000 books, and hosts events including the lecture series Sarmaya Talks. Past speakers have included, Devdutt Pattanaik, Javed Akhtar, Nayanjot Lahiri, Mallika Sarabhai, Manu S Pillai and Rudrangshu Mukherjee.

Samuel Bourne
Samuel Bourne (30 October 1834 – 24 April 1912) was a British photographer known for his prolific seven years' work in India, from 1863 to 1870. Together with Charles Shepherd, he set up Bourne & Shepherd first in Shimla in 1863 and later in Kolkata (Calcutta); the company closed in June 2016.
The Stain (film)
The Stain is a 1914 American silent drama film directed by Frank Powell and starring Edward José and Thurlow Bergen. Its cast also includes Theda Bara in her screen debut, although she is credited under her birth name Theodosia Goodman. The production was shot at Fox Studios in Fort Lee, New Jersey and on location in Lake Ronkonkoma, New York. A print of the film was discovered in Australia in the 1990s and is preserved at the George Eastman House. Apart from a 20 second snippet on YouTube the full film hasn't been released to the public yet.

Lake Ronkonkoma, New York
Lake Ronkonkoma is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in Suffolk County, on Long Island, in New York, United States. The population was 18,619 at the time of the 2020 census.

Located on the north and east sides of the eponymous lake, Lake Ronkonkoma is mainly located within the Town of Brookhaven, with the northwestern section being located within the Town of Smithtown.
Tommy Ramos
Tommy Ramos Nin (born April 29, 1986) is a retired Puerto Rican artistic gymnast and former member of the Puerto Rican national team known as the Golden Boys. He participated in the men's rings event at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London where he finished six among eight participants.

Gymnastics at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's rings
The men's rings competition at the 2012 Summer Olympics was held at the North Greenwich Arena on 28 July and 6 August 2012. It included 68 competitors from 31 nations.

Arthur Zanetti of Brazil won the gold, his nation's first medal in the event. The 2008 winner, Chen Yibing of China, earned silver to become the 12th man to win multiple medals in the event. Matteo Morandi of Italy took bronze.
Battle of Elizabethtown
The Battle of Elizabethtown occurred on August 27, 1781 in Elizabethtown, North Carolina in Bladen County, North Carolina. The battle was fought between Patriot troops under the command of Thomas Robeson and Thomas Brown and the Loyalist North Carolina militia commanded by John Slingsby and David Godden.  John Slingsby and David Godden were both mortally wounded and many of the soldiers fled the area into a ravine near the river, which has been known as "Tory Hole" ever since.

Bladen County, North Carolina
Bladen County (/ˈbleɪdən/) is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 29,606. Its county seat is Elizabethtown. The county was created in 1734 as Bladen Precinct and gained county status in 1739.
Sreedharan
Sreedharan is one of the names of the Hindu deity Vishnu. It is used as a male given name in India and the Indian diaspora. People with that name include:

N. Sreedharan, One of the chief organisers of Communist Party in Central Travancore and former CPI(M) Secretariat Member

E. Sreedharan, popularly known as metro man, engineer known for heading Delhi Metro and repairing Pamban Bridge

Kottarakkara Sreedharan Nair, Malayalam actor

Perumbadavam Sreedharan, Malayalam author

Pamban Bridge
Pamban Bridge (Tamil: [paːmbɐn], romanised: pāmban) was a railway bridge that connected the town of Rameswaram on Pamban Island with Mandapam in mainland India. Opened on 24 February 1914, it was India's first sea bridge, and was the longest sea bridge in India until the opening of the Bandra–Worli Sea Link in 2010. It was a conventional bridge resting on concrete piers with a double-leaf bascule section midway, which could be raised to let ships and barges pass through.

The Pamban bridge was the only surface transport link that connected Rameswaram to the mainland India until 1988, when a road bridge was constructed parallel to the railway bridge. In 2020, construction of a new bridge closer to the existing one began which was planned to eventually replace the existing bridge. In December 2022, rail transportation on the bridge was suspended permanently as the bascule section had weakened significantly due to corrosion.
C Bear and Jamal
C Bear and Jamal is a musical comedy animated children's television series that originally aired on the Fox Kids programming block from 1996 to 1997. It centers on an elementary school-aged boy named Jamal and his companion "C Bear", an orange hip-hop teddy bear who raps. Film Roman co-produced the show.

Film Roman
Film Roman, LLC. was an American animation studio based in Burbank, California and later in Woodland Hills, California. The company had several owners including Digital Production Services, Ltd., IDT Entertainment, Starz, Inc. and Waterman Entertainment.

Founded by veteran animator and director Phil Roman on October 26, 1984, it is best known for providing animation for the Garfield primetime specials, based on Jim Davis' comic strip of the same name. The studio also produced the animated series The Simpsons, The Critic, King of the Hill, Family Guy, Wow! Wow! Wubbzy!, The Goode Family, and Dan Vs..
Shanghai Shijie Fanhua Bao
Shanghai Shijie Fanhua Bao (Chinese: 上海世界繁華報) was a periodical published in Shanghai, China. The name is often shortened to Fanhua Bao or Shijie Fanhua Bao ("World Vanity Fair" or "The Glittering World").

Li Baojia (Li Boyuan) was the founder. The main editors were Ouyang Gan (歐陽淦; 欧阳淦; Ōuyáng Gàn; Ou-yang Kan) and Ren Guangjin (任光覲; 任光觐; Rén Guāngjìn; Jen Kuang-chin). It was founded on May 7, 1901. Publication ended on April 22, 1910.

Milena Doleželová-Velingerová
Milena Doleželová-Velingerová (February 8, 1932 – October 20, 2012) was a renowned Czech sinologist. Having studied with Jaroslav Průšek in Prague and Wu Xiaoling 吳曉鈴 in Peking, she left Prague in 1968 after the Soviet invasion, and made her later career at the University of Toronto. After retirement in 1996, she continued to publish widely.

Milena Doleželová-Velingerová received her M.A. degree from Charles University in Prague in 1955 and her Ph.D. degree from the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences in 1964.