hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Feng Guifen
Feng Guifen (Chinese: 馮桂芬; pinyin: Féng Guìfēn; Wade–Giles: Feng2 Kuei3-fen1; 1809 – May 28, 1874, courtesy name Linyi (Chinese: 林一; pinyin: Línyī), art name Jingting (Chinese: 景亭; pinyin: Jǐngtíng), later art name Dengweishanren (Chinese: 鄧尉山人; pinyin: Dèngwèishānrén), jinshi degree 1840) was a scholar during the Qing Dynasty. He was also a teacher, and a government official, serving as adviser to leading statesmen of his time. Feng is known for his interest in techniques by which states had become wealthy and strong, highlighting these subjects in the essay he wrote to propose reforms for the Chinese empire.  He was the originator of the philosophy of the Self-Strengthening Movement undertaken in the late 19th century.

Jinshi
Jinshi (Chinese: 進士; pinyin: jìnshì) was the highest and final degree in the imperial examination in Imperial China. The examination was usually taken in the imperial capital in the palace, and was also called the Metropolitan Exam. Recipients are sometimes referred to in English-language sources as Imperial Scholars.

The highest scoring jinshi in the country was known as the zhuangyuan, a term that survives today in China as a high scoring gaokao test taker or just someone who is very good at a skill.
Styphelus
In Greek mythology, Styphelus or Styphelos (Ancient Greek: Στυφελος means ‘rough, cruel’) was one of the centaurs who attended Pirithous’ and Hippodameia's wedding and fought against the Lapiths during the celebrated Centauromachy. Together with four other centaurs, Bromus, Antimachus, Elymus, and Pyracmos, they were all slain by Caeneus.

Hippodamia (wife of Pirithous)
Hippodamia (/ˌhɪpɒdəˈmaɪ.ə/; Ancient Greek: Ἱπποδάμεια means 'she who masters horses' derived from ἵππος hippos "horse" and δαμάζειν damazein "to tame") was the daughter of Atrax or Butes or Adrastus and the bride of King Pirithous of the Lapiths in Greek mythology.

She was also known as Deidamia (/ˌdaɪdəˈmaɪ.ə/; Ancient Greek: Δηιδάμεια), Laodamia /ˌleɪ.ədəˈmaɪ.ə/, Hippoboteia /ˌhɪpəbəˈtaɪ.ə/, Dia /ˈdaɪ.ə/ or Ischomache /ɪˈskɒməkiː/).
Molpadida
Molpadida is an order of sea cucumbers. The body shape is fusiform and unlike other sea cucumbers, their hind body is narrowed to form a distinct tail. Although they possess tentacles around the mouth derived from the water vascular system, they have no true tube feet, and are therefore believed to be related to the Apodida.

They have fifteen much branched tentacles and a stout body. They have tentacle ampullae and respiratory trees present, a kind of water lung attached to the cloaca. The ossicles, minute calcareous plates embedded in the skin and characteristic of each species, take the form of tables, anchors, fusiform rods and perforated plates but never wheels.

Like their relatives, they are adapted for burrowing into soft sediment, but they are relatively sedentary, rarely moving once they have excavated their burrow. Their burrow is U-shaped, with the animal's tentacles projecting from one end.

Ossicle (echinoderm)
Ossicles are small calcareous elements embedded in the dermis of the body wall of echinoderms. They form part of the endoskeleton and provide rigidity and protection. They are found in different forms and arrangements in sea urchins, starfish, brittle stars, sea cucumbers, and crinoids. The ossicles and spines (which are specialised sharp ossicles) are the only parts of the animal likely to be fossilized after an echinoderm dies.
White-lipped tamarin
The white-lipped tamarin (Saguinus labiatus), also known as the red-bellied tamarin, is a tamarin which lives in the Amazon area of Brazil and  Bolivia.

The red belly of these New World monkeys is its most remarkable outward characteristic. Otherwise it is black with a thin white mustache on its face and a black-brown back.

They live in social groups of related animals. The mother usually gives birth to one or two young at a time. The father carries the babies most, but siblings (brothers and sisters) will also share the carrying of youngsters, and so learn how to be good carers.

There are three subspecies:

Saguinus labiatus labiatus

Saguinus labiatus rufiventer

Thomas' moustached tamarin, Saguinus labiatus thomasi

New World monkey
New World monkeys are the five families of primates that are found in the tropical regions of Mexico, Central and South America: Callitrichidae, Cebidae, Aotidae, Pitheciidae, and Atelidae. The five families are ranked together as the Ceboidea (/səˈbɔɪdi.ə/), the only extant superfamily in the parvorder Platyrrhini (/plætɪˈraɪnaɪ/).

Platyrrhini is derived from the Greek for "broad nosed", and their noses are flatter than those of other simians, with sideways-facing nostrils. Monkeys in the family Atelidae, such as the spider monkey, are the only primates to have prehensile tails. New World monkeys' closest relatives are the other simians, the Catarrhini ("down-nosed"), comprising Old World monkeys and apes. New World monkeys descend from African simians that colonized South America, a line that split off about 40 million years ago.
Arnold Kask
Arnold Kask (10 August 1902, Pärnu – 30 July 1994, Tartu) was an Estonian linguist.

In 1928 he graduated from the University of Tartu. Since 1944 he taught at the University of Tartu.

In 1944 and from 1968 to 1982, he was the chairman of Mother Tongue Society. Since 1961 he was a member of Estonian Academy of Sciences.

His main fields of research were Estonian dialects, Estonian literary language and its history.

Estonian Academy of Sciences
Founded in 1938, the Estonian Academy of Sciences (Estonian: Eesti Teaduste Akadeemia, Latin: Academia Scientiarum Estoniae) is Estonia's national academy of science in Tallinn.  As with other national academies, it is an independent group of well-known scientists whose stated aim is to promote research and development, encourage international scientific cooperation, and disseminate knowledge to the public.  As of March 2017, it had 77 full members and 20 foreign members.  Since 15 October 2014, the president of the Academy is the mathematician Tarmo Soomere.
Segula Island
Segula Island (Aleut: Chiĝulax̂) is an island in the Rat Islands archipelago of the western Aleutian Islands, Alaska. It consists of a Holocene stratovolcano called Segula Volcano.

Segula Island is three to four miles in diameter and is located about 15 miles (24 km) east of Kiska Island. The island supports a large auklet colony, one of only nine in the Aleutian Island chain.

Auk
Auks or alcids are birds of the family Alcidae in the order Charadriiformes. The alcid family includes the murres, guillemots, auklets, puffins, and murrelets. The family contains 25 extant or recently extinct species that are classified into 11 genera. Auks are found throughout the Northern Hemisphere.

Apart from the extinct great auk, all auks can fly, and are excellent swimmers and divers (appearing to "fly" in water), but their walking appears clumsy.
Kimsaqucha (Lamay)
Kimsaqucha  (Quechua kimsa three, qucha lake, "three lakes", Hispanicized spelling Quimsacocha) is a group of lakes in Peru located in the Cusco Region, Calca Province, Lamay District. The lakes are situated northeast of Lamay and Calca and southwest of the larger lake Pampaqucha {Laguna Pampacocha) in the Calca District.

Department of Cusco
Cusco,  also spelled Cuzco (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈkusko]; Aymara and Quechua: Qusqu [ˈqɔsqɔ]), is a department of Peru. It is the fourth-largest in the country, after Madre de Dios, Ucayali, and Loreto, and borders the departments of Ucayali on the north; Madre de Dios and Puno on the east; Arequipa on the south; and Apurímac, Ayacucho and Junín on the west. It is administered by a regional government. Its capital is Cusco, the historical capital of the Inca Empire.
Tatra 815-7
The Tatra 815-7 (also known as Tatra 817, T817 or Tatra Force) is a heavy army logistics vehicle made by the Czech company Tatra produced since 2007. T817 is primarily intended for military operators and for specialist roles in civilian sector (with Tatra 158 Phoenix being the company's primary general-purpose truck for civilian sector). The truck is made primarily with axle variations of 4×4, 6×6, 8×8 and 10×10. Other chassis variants up to 16x16 are also available.

Eight-wheel drive
Eight-wheel drive, often notated as 8WD or 8×8, is a drivetrain configuration that allows all eight wheels of an eight-wheeled vehicle to be drive wheels simultaneously. Unlike four-wheel drive drivetrains, the configuration is largely confined to heavy-duty off-road and military vehicles, such as armored vehicles, tractor units or all-terrain vehicles such as the Argo Avenger.
Peeter Saari
Peeter Saari (born 2 June 1945) is an Estonian physicist whose work spans optical spectroscopy of solids, ultrafast optics and wave optics. He is a professor of wave optics at the University of Tartu and has been a member of the Estonian Academy of Sciences since 1986.

Estonian Academy of Sciences
Founded in 1938, the Estonian Academy of Sciences (Estonian: Eesti Teaduste Akadeemia, Latin: Academia Scientiarum Estoniae) is Estonia's national academy of science in Tallinn.  As with other national academies, it is an independent group of well-known scientists whose stated aim is to promote research and development, encourage international scientific cooperation, and disseminate knowledge to the public.  As of March 2017, it had 77 full members and 20 foreign members.  Since 15 October 2014, the president of the Academy is the mathematician Tarmo Soomere.
Charlotte Brown (producer)
Charlotte Sue Brown (born October 20, 1943) is an American television producer, writer, director, and showrunner who in 1977 was acclaimed to have become the first woman showrunner of a primetime network television series for her work on The Mary Tyler Moore Show spin-off Rhoda.  However, Gertrude Berg, who created The Goldbergs, earned that title almost two decades earlier.

The Goldbergs (broadcast series)
The Goldbergs is a comedy-drama broadcast from 1929 to 1946 on American radio and from 1949 to 1956 on American television. It was adapted into the 1948 play Me and Molly, the 1950 film The Goldbergs, and the 1973 Broadway musical Molly. It also spun off a comic strip from June 8, 1944, to December 21, 1945, with art by Irwin Hasen, a comic book artist who worked on various DC Comics titles and later did the Dondi comic strip.
Dannevirke Domain
Dannevirke Domain is a park of about 20 hectares on the eastern fringe of the town of Dannevirke, Hawke's Bay, New Zealand. Among its recreational facilities it includes a cricket ground.

The first recorded cricket match held at Dannevirke Domain was in January 1904, between teams from Waipukurau and Dannevirke, but the park was in use for sports for some years before then. The first interprovincial cricket match on the ground came in March 1921 when Southern Hawke's Bay played Manawatu. Between the 1920s and the 1980s, when Southern Hawke's Bay competed in interprovincial matches including the Hawke Cup, Dannevirke Domain was the team's home ground.

The ground held a single List A match in the 1992-93 Shell Cup when Central Districts played Otago, which resulted in a victory for Otago by 16 runs.

Waipukurau
Waipukurau is the largest town in the Central Hawke's Bay District on the east coast of the North Island of New Zealand. It is located on the banks of the Tukituki River, 7 kilometres south of Waipawa and 50 kilometres southwest of Hastings.
Arthur Noble
Arthur Noble (c. 1695 – February 11, 1747) was a lieutenant colonel in the colonial militia of the British Province of Massachusetts Bay.  He is best known for his role in military actions in Nova Scotia during King George's War (the North American theater of the War of the Austrian Succession).  He was killed in the Battle of Grand Pré.

King George's War
King George's War (1744–1748) encompassed the military operations in North America that formed part of the War of the Austrian Succession (1740–1748). It was the third of the four French and Indian Wars.  It took place primarily in the British provinces of New York, Massachusetts Bay (which included Maine as well as Massachusetts at the time), New Hampshire (which included Vermont at the time), and Nova Scotia. Its most significant action was an expedition organized by Massachusetts Governor William Shirley that besieged and ultimately captured the French fortress of Louisbourg, on Cape Breton Island in Nova Scotia, in 1745. In French, it is known as the Troisième Guerre Intercoloniale or Third Intercolonial War.

The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle ended the war in 1748 and restored Louisbourg to France, but failed to resolve any outstanding territorial issues.
Stolen: A Memoir
Stolen: A Memoir is a 2021 autobiographical book by American actress and writer Elizabeth Gilpin. Published by Grand Central Publishing, the book recounts Gilpin's teenage experiences in a controversial “behavioral modification” and “therapeutic boarding school” program in the United States.

Grand Central Publishing
Grand Central Publishing is a book publishing imprint of Hachette Book Group, originally established in 1970 as Warner Books when Kinney National Company acquired the New York City-based Paperback Library. When Time Warner sold their book publishing business to Hachette Livre in March 2007, the North American operations of the Time Warner Book Group were renamed Hachette Book Group, while the group's Warner Books imprint became Grand Central Publishing, named in part by the proximity of their new offices to New York's Grand Central Terminal.

In addition to the Grand Central imprint itself, Grand Central Publishing has several sub-imprints, including Balance, Forever/Forever Yours, Legacy Lit, and Twelve.
Waller baronets
There have been two baronetcies created for persons with the surname Waller, one in the Baronetage of Ireland and one in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. One creation is extant as of 2026.

Waller baronets of Newport (1780)

Waller baronets of Braywick Lodge (1815)

Waller baronets of Braywick Lodge (1815)
The Waller baronetcy, of Braywick Lodge in the County of Berkshire, was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 30 May 1815 for Wathen Waller, Groom of the Bedchamber to the Duke of Clarence and St Andrews. The 3rd Baronet was a major general.

The 7th Baronet was an author and poet and a fellow of the Royal Society of Literature. He left no heir, and title became extinct on his death in 1995.
Europe of Sovereign Nations (party)
Europe of Sovereign Nations (ESN or ESN Party; French: L'Europe des Nations Souveraines; German: Europa Souveräner Nationen) is a far-right European political party founded by national parties represented in the Europe of Sovereign Nations political group of the European Parliament.

Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations
The Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations (APPF) is a body of the European Union in charge of registering, controlling and imposing sanctions on European political parties and European political foundations.

The APPF has offices in Brussels and Strasbourg; since 2021, its Director has been Pascal Schonard.
Riverside Plaza (Riverside, California)
Riverside Plaza is a 475,000-square-foot (44,100 m2) outdoor mall in Riverside, California originally anchored by a 205,000-square-foot (19,000 m2) Harris Company (later Harris’/Gottschalks) department store along with Montgomery Ward. It was the city's first mall and was originally an outdoor mall, then remodeled to an enclosed indoor mall, and then remodeled back to an outdoor mall.

After a $12-million renovation in the early 2010s, the center features walkways, fountains, decorative lights and courtyard seats. Today it is anchored by a Regal Cinemas, Forever 21, Trader Joe's, Marshalls, JoAnn Fabrics & Crafts and Nordstrom Rack.

Forever 21 opened first in the empty Harris’/Gottschalks building space, but relocated in 2013 to a space that Borders Books vacated.

Marshalls
Marshalls, Inc. is an American chain of off-price department stores owned by TJX. Marshalls has over 1,000 American stores, including larger stores named Marshalls Mega Store (stores operating with HomeGoods combined), covering 49 states and Puerto Rico, and 61 stores in Canada. Marshalls first expanded into Canada in March 2011.

Marshalls is one of the largest U.S. off-price family apparel and home fashion retailers, along with its sister company, TJ Maxx. Its slogan is "Get the good stuff".
2013 FIA GT Series
The 2013 FIA GT Series was the first season following on from the demise of the SRO Group's FIA GT1 World Championship, an auto racing series for grand tourer cars. The series underwent changes in 2013, retaining GT3 cars as the mainstay, but creating sub-classes for Pro, Pro-Am and Gentleman driver line-ups. All-Inkl.com Münnich Motorsport did not return to defend their Teams' World Champions, instead moving to the World Touring Car Championship with one of the Drivers' World Champions Marc Basseng beside René Münnich, team director of All-Inkl.com Münnich Motorsport, and defending 2012 WTCC champion Rob Huff.

Rob Huff
Robert Peter Huff (born 25 December 1979) is a British racing driver currently competing in the British Touring Car Championship for Toyota Gazoo Racing UK. He was the 2012 World Touring Car Championship champion and the 2020 Scandinavian Touring Car Championship champion.
Ninja (Young Thug song)
"Ninja" is a song by American rapper Young Thug, released on September 26, 2025, from his fourth studio album UY Scuti (2025), through YSL Records, 300 Entertainment, and Atlantic Records. The track was written by Thug himself, alongside the song's producers Southside, Car!ton and PeytonTheAlien. Upon its release, the song sparked controversy for using the racial slur "nigger", with him saying the word a total of 16 times in the song.

YSL Records
YSL Records (an initialism for Young Stoner Life Records) is an American record label based in Atlanta, Georgia. It was founded in 2016 by the Atlanta-based rapper Young Thug. The label is an imprint of 300 Entertainment. As of 2026 current acts include Thug himself, Strick, T-Shyne, Yung Kayo and 1300SAINT. Several contemporary artists, including Drake, Future, Lil Uzi Vert, Playboi Carti, Lil Baby, Lil Gotit, NAV, Travis Scott, and Slimelife Shawty have expressed allegiance to YSL, but are not contractually signed.

The label was embroiled in a major criminal trial from 2022–2024, with Young Thug, Gunna, and other YSL members arrested and charged with racketeering and various gang-related crimes in violation of Georgia's RICO (Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations) Act. Authorities alleged that YSL Records is a street gang. In 2024, label head Young Thug was released on probation.
Washington Avenue Historic District (Fredericksburg, Virginia)
Washington Avenue Historic District is a national historic district located at Fredericksburg, Virginia. The district includes 36 contributing buildings, 1 contributing site (the Gordon Family Cemetery), and 4 contributing objects in the city of Fredericksburg. It includes substantial, high-style residences that line both the east and the west sides of Washington Avenue reflect the various domestic styles that were popular at the turn of the 20th century.   Notable dwellings include the Samuel W. Somerville House (1896-1897), Shepherd House (1910-1911), and Mary Washington Monument Caretaker's Lodge (1896).  The four commemorative works are the Mary Washington Monument (1893), General Hugh Mercer Monument (1906) by Edward Virginius Valentine (1838-1930), Jefferson Religious Freedom Monument (1932), and the George Rogers Clark Memorial (1929).  Located in the district is the separately listed Kenmore.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.

Mary Ball Washington
Mary Washington (née Ball; c. 1707 – c. 1709 – (1789-08-25)August 25, 1789) was an American planter best known for being the mother of the first president of the United States, George Washington. The second wife of Augustine Washington, she became a prominent member of the Washington family. She spent a large part of her life in Fredericksburg, Virginia, where several monuments were erected in her honor and a university, along with other public buildings, bear her name.
2024–25 AFC Women's Champions League
The 2024–25 AFC Women's Champions League was the first edition of the AFC Women's Champions League, Asia's premier club women's football tournament organized by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC).

Wuhan Jiangda defeated Melbourne City in the final, becoming the first AFC Women's Champions League winners. As winners, they also qualified for the 2026 FIFA Women's Champions Cup and 2028 FIFA Women's Club World Cup.

2026 FIFA Women's Champions Cup
The 2026 FIFA Women's Champions Cup was the first edition of FIFA Women's Champions Cup organised by FIFA. The tournament featured the champion clubs from each of the six continental confederations, playing each other in a single-elimination bracket, to determine the world's premier women's club team.

The first two matches were played in the home stadium of a team involved in each match, and the final four matches (including the final) were played in London.
John "Grizzly" Adams
John Adams (also known as James Capen Adams and Grizzly Adams) (October 22, 1812 – October 25, 1860) was a famous California mountain man and trainer of grizzly bears and other wild animals he captured for menageries, zoological gardens and circuses.

Charles Christian Nahl
Carl Christian Heinrich Nahl (October 18, 1818 – March 1, 1878), later known as Charles Nahl (sometimes he is recorded as Karl Nahl, Charles Christian Nahl or Charles C. Nahl), was a German-born painter who lived in the United States for the last half of his life. He lived most of those 30 years in California and is considered among the state's first significant painters.

Leaving political unrest in the Electorate of Hesse and France, Nahl immigrated to New York City in 1848 with family and friends. He moved to California the following year, at first hoping for luck in the gold rush.  He and his family settled in what became part of the United States, living in Sacramento until 1852 and then in San Francisco.
Aslan Maskhadov
Aslan Aliyevich Maskhadov (Russian: Асла́н (Хали́д) Али́евич Масха́дов; Chechen: Масхадан Али-воӀ Аслан, romanized: Masxadan Ali-voj Aslan; 21 September 1951 – 8 March 2005) was a Soviet and Chechen politician and military commander who also served as the third president of the unrecognized Chechen Republic of Ichkeria.

He was credited by many with the Chechen victory in the First Chechen War, which allowed for the establishment of the de facto independent Chechen Republic of Ichkeria. Maskhadov was elected President of Chechnya in January 1997. Following the start of the Second Chechen War in August 1999, he returned to leading the guerrilla resistance against the Russian army. De facto Ichkeria ceased to exist at the beginning of 2000. Until his death, Maskhadov was President in exile. He was killed in Tolstoy-Yurt, a village in northern Chechnya, in March 2005.

Resistance movement
A resistance movement is an organized group of people that tries to resist or try to overthrow a government or an occupying power, causing disruption and unrest in civil order and stability. Such a movement may seek to achieve its goals through either the use of violent or nonviolent resistance (sometimes called civil resistance), or the use of force, whether armed or unarmed. In multiple cases, as for example in the United States during the American Revolution, or in Norway in the Second World War, a resistance movement may employ both violent and non-violent methods, usually operating under different organizations and acting in different phases or geographical areas within a country.