hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Degenerative lumbosacral stenosis
Degenerative lumbosacral stenosis (DLSS), also known as cauda equina syndrome, is a pathologic degeneration in the lumbosacral disk in dogs; affecting the articulation, nerve progression, tissue and joint connections of the disk. This degeneration causes compressions in soft tissues and nerve root locations in the ultimate caudal area of the medulla, causing neuropathic pain in the lumbar vertebrae.

Neuropathic pain
Neuropathic pain is pain caused by a lesion or disease of the somatosensory nervous system. Neuropathic pain may be associated with abnormal sensations called dysesthesia or pain from normally non-painful stimuli (allodynia). It may have continuous and/or episodic (paroxysmal) components. The latter resemble stabbings or electric shocks. Common qualities include burning or coldness, "pins and needles" sensations, numbness and itching.

Up to 7–8% of the European population is affected by neuropathic pain, and in 5% of persons it may be severe. The pain may result from disorders of the peripheral nervous system or the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord). Neuropathic pain may occur in isolation or in combination with other forms of pain. Medical treatments focus on identifying the underlying cause and relieving pain. In cases of peripheral neuropathy, the pain may progress to insensitivity.
Castle of Purity (criminal case)
"Castle of Purity" (Spanish: El Castillo de la Pureza) was a child abuse and slavery case that occurred in Mexico City in the late 1950s. It was perpetrated by Rafael Pérez Hernández, a rat poison manufacturer who locked up his family for 18 years inside an old, dilapidated home in Mexico City's northwestern outskirts.

Child abuse
Child abuse (also called child endangerment or child maltreatment) is physical, sexual, emotional and/or psychological maltreatment or neglect of a child, especially by a parent or a caregiver. Child abuse may include any act or failure to act by a parent or a caregiver that results in actual or potential wrongful harm to a child and can occur in a child's home, or in organizations, schools, or communities the child interacts with.

Different jurisdictions have different requirements for mandatory reporting and have developed different definitions of what constitutes child abuse, and therefore have different criteria to remove children from their families or to prosecute a criminal charge.
Tadeusz Szeligowski
Tadeusz Szeligowski (13 September 1896 – 10 January 1963) was a Polish composer, educator, lawyer and music organizer. His works include the operas The Rise of the Scholars, Krakatuk and Theodor Gentlemen, the ballets The Peacock and the Girl and Mazepa ballets, two violin concertos, chamber and choral works.

As a music teacher, Szeligowski was very well established in Vilnius, Lublin, Poznań and Warsaw. He was also a respected music writer who frequently wrote for journals and magazines specialized in music such as the Kurier Wileński, Tygodnik Wileński, Muzyka and the Kurier Poznański. His achievements include the creation of the Poznan´ Philharmonic, where he served as its first director between the years 1947–1949, and the founding of the Poznań Musical Spring, one of the most important festivals of contemporary music at the time.

Kurier Wileński
Kurier Wileński (literally: Vilnian Courier) is the main Polish-language newspaper in Lithuania. Printed in Vilnius, it is the only Polish-language daily newspaper published east of Poland. A direct descendant of both the 19th-century newspaper of the same name and the Czerwony Sztandar newspaper, created by the Soviet authorities in 1953 as a means of Sovietization of the Polish diaspora left in the Polish areas annexed by the Soviet Union. The newspaper is a member of the European Association of Daily Newspapers in Minority and Regional Languages (MIDAS). According to TNS Gallup media research, Kurier Wileński 36,800 people or 1.4% of Lithuania's population read at least one issue out of the last six in summer 2008, but that measure dropped to 0.3% in spring 2010.
Supply Chain Management (journal)
Supply Chain Management is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal covering issues in supply chain management, including contractual relationships, data interchange and vertical integration, efficient consumer response, investment in emerging economies, just in time procedures, logistics, organizational behaviour, and risk management. It is published by Emerald Group Publishing and the editor-in-chief is Andrew Fearne (Kent Business School). The journal publishes research papers, research notes, case studies, insights from industry, and doctoral papers. The journal is abstracted and indexed in the Social Sciences Citation Index and Scopus. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2012 impact factor of 1.684.

Kent Business School
Kent Business School (KBS) is the business school of the University of Kent. Since opening in 1988, it offers undergraduate, postgraduate, MBA and PhD programmes.

KBS is sited in two locations, at The University of Kent campus in Canterbury and at Medway on Chatham Historic Dockyard.

In March 2017, Kent Business School at the Canterbury Campus moved into its new home, The Sibson Building, named after the University of Kent's third Vice-Chancellor, Professor Robin Sibson.
Persiaran Surian
Persiaran Surian is a driveway (highway) in Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia. The driveway connects from Kota Damansara to Mutiara Damansara. This driveway is maintained by the Petaling Jaya City Council or Majlis Bandaraya Petaling Jaya (MBPJ) and Mutiara Rini Sdn Bhd. During weekends and public holidays, the driveway becomes a main popular route to Mutiara Damansara town centre such as The Curve, IPC Shopping Centre, IKEA and Cathay Cineleisure.

There is an elevated MRT Kajang line running through Persiaran Surian which are Kota Damansara, Surian and Mutiara Damansara.

IPC Shopping Centre
IPC Shopping Centre (formerly Ikano Power Centre) is a shopping centre anchored by IKEA near The Curve in Mutiara Damansara, Selangor, Malaysia. It opened on 18 December 2003 and has 5 floors. It was formerly known as the Ikano Power Centre. After extensive renovations done, it opened in November 2017 as IPC Shopping Centre.
Saša Savić
Saša Savić (Serbian Cyrillic: Саша Савић; born 5 February 1984) is a Serbian footballer. He also holds Slovak citizenship.

He previously played with Vojvodina, Kabel, Čukarički and Novi Sad in Serbia, and with ŽP Šport Podbrezová in Slovakia. A club legend of Dukla Banská Bystrica, his shirt number 34 was retired when Savić left the club in 2020.

RFK Novi Sad 1921
RFK Novi Sad 1921 (Serbian Cyrillic: РФК Нови Сад 1921) is a professional football club based in Novi Sad, Vojvodina, Serbia. As of the 2025-26 season, the club competes in the Serbian League Vojvodina, the 3rd tier of Serbian football.
Nayyer Abbas
Nayyer Abbas (born 15 January 1990) is a Pakistani first-class cricketer who played for Khan Research Laboratories. He also played club cricket for Wollaton of the Nottinghamshire Premier League and Knypersley of the North Staffordshire and South Cheshire League where he won the Cricket World Club Player of the Year award in 2011.

Abbas was part of the Pakistan team that won the bronze medal in the cricket event at the 2010 South Asian Games at Dhaka, Bangladesh.

North Staffordshire and South Cheshire League
The North Staffordshire and South Cheshire Premier Cricket League is the top level of competition for recreational club cricket in the North Staffordshire and South Cheshire area of England, and the league Headquarters is based in Stoke on Trent. The league was founded in 1963 and since 2001 it has been a designated ECB Premier League.
1990 Liga Semi-Pro Divisyen 1
The 1990 Liga Semi-Pro Divisyen 1 was the second season of the Liga Semi-Pro Divisyen 1. A total of 10 teams participated in the season.

Perlis, Perak and Sabah were promoted from 1989 Liga Semi-Pro Divisyen 2 to a now increased total number of teams competing in the league from nine to become ten teams.

Under the new format, only the top six teams in Divisyen 1 and the Divisyen 2 champions and runners-up will be involved in the Malaysia Cup. Malaysia Cup was played from the quarter-final stage, scheduled for November after the league was finished. The Malaysia Cup quarter-final and semi-final matches will be played on a home and away basis.

The season kicked off on 5 May 1990. Selangor ended up the season by winning the title.

Liga Semi-Pro Divisyen 1
Liga Semi-Pro Divisyen 1 (English: Semi-Pro League Division 1) was the top-tier semi-pro football league in Malaysia that operated from 1989 until 1993. The league was managed by the Football Association of Malaysia.
Pepa Millán
Maria José Rodríguez de Millán Parro (born March 21, 1995), better known as Pepa Millán, is a Spanish lawyer, columnist and politician. She is a member of parliament for Madrid and spokesperson for Vox in the Congress of Deputies since July 2023.

After graduating in law from the University of Seville (2018), she completed her university education with a double master's degree in Access to the Legal Profession and Contract Law and Civil Liability, Consumer Law and Extracontractual Liability at the Pablo de Olavide University (2020). She also studied for the competitive examination to become a property registrar. Previously she had been a columnist for the newspaper La Razón.

La Razón (Madrid)
La Razón (Spanish pronunciation: [la raˈθon]; lit. 'The Reason') is a daily newspaper based in Madrid, Spain. It has the sixth-highest circulation among general-interest Spanish dailies, and the fourth-highest among those based in Madrid.

The newspaper has satellite news bureaux, and local editions, in Barcelona, Murcia, Seville, Valencia and Valladolid.
Drug pipe
Drug pipes are vessels used as drug paraphernalia to aid the smoking of hard drugs. They usually consist of a glass tube with or without a bulb, the latter particularly used when freebasing crack cocaine, and the former when vaporising methamphetamine.

Free base
In chemistry, a free base (freebase, free-base) is a term for the neutral form of an amine or other Lewis base. The term is used in the pharmaceutical industry in contrast to salt-based formulations like hydrochlorides. The amine is often an alkaloid, such as nicotine, morphine, and ephedrine, or derivatives thereof.

Colloquially, "free-basing" also means the treatment of salts or other formulations to convert them into the free base form, especially for recreational drugs.
Megan Dodds
Megan L. Dodds (born February 15, 1970) is an American actress. She played Kate in the 2006 series Not Going Out, alongside Lee Mack and Tim Vine, and has appeared in the series Spooks, House, Detroit 1-8-7, and CSI: NY, and the films Ever After, The Contract, and Chatroom. Her stage work includes having played the title role in the production My Name Is Rachel Corrie (2006), which won the London Theatregoers' Choice Award for Best Actress.

Chatroom (film)
Chatroom is a 2010 British psychological thriller drama film directed by Hideo Nakata from a screenplay by Enda Walsh, based on Walsh's 2005 play of the same name. The film follows five teenagers who meet on an online chatroom and encourage each other's bad behaviour.
Michael Garber
Michael Garber QC (May 10, 1892 – January 20, 1977) was a Montreal-based lawyer and a Canadian Jewish community activist. He was a founder of the Canadian Jewish Congress, and succeeded Samuel Bronfman as president for two terms, from 1962 to 1968, after having chaired its national executive for a number of years. He was also a president of the Zionist Organization of Canada, wrote a column for the Canadian Jewish Chronicle, and contributed to the Yiddish newspaper Der Keneder Adler.

Keneder Adler
Der Keneder Adler (Yiddish: דער קענעדער אדלער, lit. 'The Canadian Eagle') was Canada's leading Yiddish newspaper from 1907 until 1977. Founded in Montreal by Hirsch Wolofsky, the Adler underpinned Yiddish cultural activity in the city for much of the 20th century.
Silverback Gorilla
Silverback Gorilla is the third solo studio album by American rapper Sheek Louch. It was released on March 18, 2008, via D-Block Records and Koch Records. Production was handled by Vinny Idol, Mr. Devine, Red Spyda, Soul G., Dame Grease, DJ Montay, Doc Little, J. Cardim, Marcus D'Tray, StreetRunner and The Knocks. It features guest appearances from The Lox, Bun B, Fat Joe, Hell Rell, Jim Jones, Mike Smith, The Bully, The Game and Unk.

In the United States, the album debuted at number 41 on the Billboard 200, number 8 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums, number 5 on the Top Rap Albums and number 3 on the Independent Albums, selling 17,818 copies in its first week. The following week it dropped to No. 86 with 7,900 copies sold.

Its lead single "Good Love" made it to number 66 on both the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs and R&B/Hip-Hop Airplay, and number 21 on both the Hot Rap Songs and Rap Airplay charts.

A sequel to the album titled Silverback Gorilla 2 was released in 2015.

Dame Grease
Damon J. Blackman (born August 9, 1974), better known by his stage name Dame Grease or simply Grease, is an American record producer from New York City. In 1996, he gained recognition in the hip hop industry through his production work with Bad Boy and The LOX, while also establishing the sound of DMX and Ruff Ryders.
Prabhas Sreenu
Prabhas Sreenu is an Indian actor who primarily appears in Telugu films. He has won SIIMA Award for Best Comedian – Telugu for his performance in Gabbar Singh (2012). His notable films include Balupu (2013), Aagadu (2014), Subramanyam for Sale (2015), Express Raja (2016) and Sathamanam Bhavati (2017).

Subramanyam for Sale
Subramanyam For Sale is a 2014 Telugu-language action romantic comedy film written and directed by Harish Shankar, produced by Dil Raju on Sri Venkateswara Creations banner. The film stars Sai Dharam Tej, Murali Mohan, Rao Ramesh, Suman, Regina Cassandra, and Adah Sharma. The music is composed by Mickey J Meyer.  The film was later remade by Eskay Movies in Bengali in 2018 as Chalbaaz starring Shakib Khan and Subhashree Ganguly.
1985 SEC men's basketball tournament
The 1985 SEC Men’s Basketball Tournament took place from March 6–9, 1985 at the Birmingham-Jefferson Convention Complex in Birmingham, Alabama. The Auburn Tigers men's basketball team won their first ever SEC Tournament title in the championship game on March 9, 1985. Auburn defeated Alabama 53–49 for the SEC's automatic bid to the 1985 NCAA Men’s Division I Basketball tournament.

Television coverage of the tournament’s first round, the quarterfinals, and semifinals were produced and regionally syndicated by the now-defunct Lorimar Sports Network (formerly Sports Productions, Inc.), the sports broadcasting arm of Lorimar Productions. Outside of the SEC geographical footprint, the championship game was nationally televised on NBC via that network’s in-house sports division, NBC Sports (With Marv Albert and Bucky Waters handling the Play by Play and Color respectively).

Lorimar Sports Network
The Lorimar Sports Network, or LSN, was an American ad hoc television network providing syndicated college football and basketball. It was based at Lorimar's original headquarters in Culver City, California, with an additional office in Dallas, Texas. It was in operation from 1983 until 1986.
Maurice Hart House
Maurice Hart House, also known as Rock-a-way, is a historic plantation house and national historic district located near Stovall, Granville County, North Carolina.  It was built about 1845, and is a two-story, three-bay, Greek Revival heavy timber frame dwelling.  It has a low hipped roof, exterior brick end chimneys, and a late-19th century porch.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.

Plantation house
A plantation house is the main house of a plantation, often a substantial farmhouse, which often serves as a symbol for the plantation as a whole. Plantation houses in the Southern United States and in other areas are known as quite grand and expensive architectural works today, though most were more utilitarian, working farmhouses.
Anthocoris confusus
Anthocoris confusus is a species of minute pirate bug in the family Anthocoridae. It is found in Europe and Northern Asia (including China and Japan) and North America.

It lives on various deciduous trees and feeds on aphids, such as the subfamily Thelaxinae and Psylloidea and Psocoptera.It is found on willow (Salix ), beech ( Fagus ), maples (Acer), linden trees (Tilia), oak trees (Quercus), white thorns (Crataegus), elms (Ulmus), poplars (Populus) and ash (Fraxinus) among other trees.

Psocoptera
Psocoptera (/soʊˈkɒptərə/) are a paraphyletic group of insects that are commonly known as booklice, barklice or barkflies. The name Psocoptera has been replaced with Psocodea in recent literature, with the inclusion of the former order Phthiraptera into Psocodea (as part of the suborder Troctomorpha).

They are often regarded as the most primitive of the paraneopterans. There are more than 5,500 species in 41 families in three suborders. Many of these species have only been described in the early twenty-first century. They range in size from 1–10 millimetres (1/32–13/32 in) in length.

The species known as booklice received their common name because they are commonly found amongst old books—they feed upon the paste used in binding. The barklice are found on trees, feeding on algae and lichen.
Russell Ormond Redman
Russell Ormond Redman (born 1951) is a Canadian astronomer and a specialist in radio astronomy who worked on the staff of the National Research Council of Canada at the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory until he retired in 2013. In 1966, just after 9th grade, he first volunteered for the DAO in Victoria, British Columbia. His initial publication was a list of nearest stars in the 1970 Observer's Handbook, while he was still in high school. He received his Ph.D. from California Institute of Technology in 1982, and subsequently published over 75 scientific papers.

Dominion Astrophysical Observatory
The Dominion Astrophysical Observatory, located on Observatory Hill, in Saanich, British Columbia, was completed in 1918 by the Canadian government. The Dominion architect responsible for the building was Edgar Lewis Horwood. The main instrument is the 72-inch-aperture (1.83 m) Plaskett telescope, proposed and designed by John S. Plaskett in 1910 with the support of the International Union for Cooperation in Solar Research. Following completion, Plaskett remained the head of the observatory until 1935.

The observatory has been designated a national historic site of Canada, as it is a world-renowned facility where many discoveries about the nature of the Milky Way were made, and it was one of the world's main astrophysical research centres until the 1960s.
Cottii Regnum
Cottii Regnum was a small independent kingdom in northwestern Italy. It included most of an important road over the pass of Mont Genevre and Mont Cenis into Gaul. The pass was in use by about 100 BC.

In 58 BC, Julius Caesar met with some resistance on crossing it, but seems afterwards to have entered into friendly relations with Donnus, the king of the district; he must have used it frequently, and referred to it as the shortest route. Donnus's son Cottius erected the triumphal arch at his capital Segusio, the modern Susa, in honour of Augustus.

The kingdom was included in the Roman Empire under Nero about AD 64, when it became a province under the title of "Alpes Cottiae," being governed by a procurator Augusti, though it still kept its old name also.

Procurator (ancient Rome)
Procurator (plural: Procuratores) was a title of certain officials (not magistrates) in ancient Rome who were in charge of the financial affairs of a province, or imperial governor of a minor province.
Juan Columbié
Juan Columbié Sanamé (born 24 January 1995) is a Cuban weightlifter. He is a four-time medalist, including gold, at the Pan American Weightlifting Championships. He is also a two-time silver medalist at the Central American and Caribbean Games.

Pan American Weightlifting Championships
The Pan American Weightlifting Championships is the continental weightlifting championship, for nations from the North American, Central American, South American and the Caribbean regions, organised by the Pan American Weightlifting Federation (PAWF).
Shaun Hannah
Shaun Hannah is a Canadian ice hockey coach and former player. He is currently director and coach of the Yale University 8-U and learn-to-skate programs. Previously he was the head coach for Sacred Heart during their transition from Division III to Division I and the shift from the MAAC to Atlantic Hockey.

Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference
The Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference (MAAC, /mæk/) is a collegiate athletic conference affiliated with NCAA Division I. Its current 13 full members are located in five Northeastern states: Connecticut, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, and New York.

Members are all relatively small private institutions, a majority Catholic or formerly Catholic, with the only exceptions being two secular institutions: Rider University and Quinnipiac University.

The MAAC currently sponsors 25 sports and has 17 associate member institutions.
Alison Phipps (refugee researcher)
Alison Phipps OBE FRSE FRSA FAcSS a University of Glasgow professor of Languages and Intercultural Studies and holds the first UNESCO Chair in Refugee Integration through Languages and the Arts. She has been awarded the Minerva Medal of the Royal Philosophical Society and is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts, and Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences.

She is co-director of the £25 million Global Challenge Research Fund programme with Heaven Crawley, Coventry University, and two professors in Ghana and Haiti, looking at arts and language in the global South, because, in her words, that is where 85% of migration occurs.

Alison Phipps is a member of the Iona Community.

Arts and Humanities Research Council
The Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC) is a council of UK Research and Innovation (UKRI), a non-departmental public body sponsored by the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology, responsible for supporting research and innovation in the arts and humanities.
Shikha, Nepal
Shikha is a village development committee in Myagdi District in the Dhaulagiri Zone of western-central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 5862 people living in 1350 individual households.

The VDC includes the village of Ghorepani, a popular stop for trekkers on the Annapurna Circuit trek, and the Pun Hill (Poon Hill) viewpoint.

Dhaulagiri Zone
Dhaulagiri (Nepali: धौलागिरी अञ्चल Listenⓘ) was one of the fourteen zones which Nepal was divided into for administrative purposes, prior to the September 10, 2015 adoption of a new Constitution, which divided the nation instead into 7 provinces.  It is in the Western Development Region of Nepal and its headquarters are Baglung. Famous trekking areas like Mustang, Muktinath, Kali Gandaki valley and Mt Dhaulagiri fall in this zone. Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve, the only hunting reserve in Nepal is spread over Baglung and Myagdi Districts of this zone.