hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tórtkúl District
Toʻrtkoʻl District (Uzbek: Тўрткўл, тумани, Toʻrtkoʻl tumani, Karakalpak: Төрткүл райони, Tórtkúl rayonı) is a district of Karakalpakstan in Uzbekistan. The capital lies at the city Toʻrtkoʻl. Its area is 7,480 km2 (2,890 sq mi) and it had 221,000 inhabitants in 2022.

The district contains one city (Toʻrtkoʻl), five towns (Miskin, Turkmankuli, Tozabog, Nurli yoʻl and Amirobod) and 15 rural communities (A. Durdiyev, Jonboshqala, Kana Turtkul, Kaltaminor, Koʻkcha, Ata‘uba, Oʻzbekiston, Oqboshli, Oqqamish, Paxtaabad, Paxtachi, Tazabogʻyap, Ullubogʻ, Shoʻraxon, Qumboskan).

Karakalpakstan
Karakalpakstan, officially the Republic of Karakalpakstan, is an autonomous republic of Uzbekistan. It spans the northwestern portion of Uzbekistan. Its capital is Nukus (Nókis / Нөкис). Karakalpakstan has an area of 166,590 km2 (64,320 sq mi), and has a population of about 2 million people. Its territory covers the classical land of Khwarazm, which in classical Persian literature was known as Kāt (کات).
Robert Drury (sailor)
Robert Drury (born 1687; died between 1743 and 1750) was an English sailor on the Degrave who was shipwrecked at the age of 17 on the island of Madagascar.  He was trapped there for fifteen years.

Upon returning to England, a book allegedly recounting his memoirs was published in his name in 1729. Though it was an instant success, the authenticity of the book would be questioned by later historians.

Modern scholars have proven though that many details in the book are authentic and that the story itself is one of the oldest written historical accounts of life in southern Madagascar during the 18th century.

Mahafaly
The Mahafaly are an ethnic group of Madagascar that inhabit the plains of the Betioky-Ampanihy area. Their name means either "those who make holy" or "those who make happy", although the former is considered more likely by linguists. In 2013 there were an estimated 150,000 Mahafaly in Madagascar. The Mahafaly are believed to have arrived in Madagascar from southeastern Africa around the 12th century. They became known for the large tombs they build to honor dead chiefs and kings. Mainly involved in farming and cattle raising, they speak a dialect of the Malagasy language, which is a branch of the Malayo-Polynesian language group.
David Roderick
David Roderick (born 1970) is an American poet from Plymouth, Massachusetts, who taught for nine years at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro. Previously, he had lectured at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, as the Kenan Visiting Writer at the University of San Francisco, and at Stanford University, where he also conducted classes for its Education Program for Gifted Youth summer program.

In 2016, with Rachel Richardson, he founded Left Margin LIT, a creative writing center in Berkeley, California, that offers readings by and classes for poets and writers of creative prose, both fiction and nonfiction.

His work has appeared in 32 Poems, Boulevard, Gulf Coast, Triquarterly, Ontario Review, Poetry Northwest, River Styx, Verse, The Antioch Review, The Hudson Review, The Missouri Review, The Massachusetts Review, and The Virginia Quarterly Review.

University of San Francisco
The University of San Francisco (USF) is a private Jesuit university in San Francisco, California, United States. Founded in 1855, it has nearly 9,000 students pursuing undergraduate and graduate degrees in 59 major programs. In addition to its main campus in the Golden Gate area, it has satellite campuses in downtown San Francisco, Orange County, Sacramento, San Jose, and Santa Rosa.
It's a Small World (Leave It to Beaver)
"It's a Small World" is the pilot episode from the American television series Leave It to Beaver (1957–1963). The pilot (originally proposed as Wally and The Beaver) was first televised April 23, 1957, on the syndicated anthology series, Studio 57, without a laugh track nor the series' well known theme song, "The Toy Parade". It never aired as an episode within the series. Following its April 1957 telecast, the episode was subsequently misplaced and was feared lost until a copy was found in a film vault in Illinois.  After rediscovery, it was aired as the third-season premiere for the 1980s TBS revival series The New Leave It to Beaver on October 4, 1987, exactly 30 years after the original series officially premiered on CBS. It was televised again in October 2007 as part of TV Land's 50th anniversary celebration of Leave It to Beaver.  It was released to DVD in 2005. The series made its CBS debut several months later on October 4, 1957, with the episode, "Beaver Gets 'Spelled".

Diane Brewster
Diane Brewster (March 11, 1931 – November 12, 1991) was an American television actress most noted for playing three distinctively different roles in television series of the 1950s and 1960s: confidence trickster Samantha Crawford in the Western Maverick: 668-669  with James Garner; pretty young second-grade teacher Miss Canfield in Leave It to Beaver; and doomed wife Helen Kimble in The Fugitive. Brewster was a direct descendant of William Brewster, a Pilgrim and Governor of the Plymouth Colony.
2025 Australia Cup
The 2025 Australia Cup, known as the Hahn Australia Cup for sponsorship reasons, is the twelfth season of the Australia Cup, the main national soccer knockout cup competition in Australia. This edition will be the fourth under the new name of the "Australia Cup" following the renaming of Football Federation Australia to Football Australia. Thirty-two teams will contest the competition proper.

The qualifying competition began on 31 January, with the tournament proper starting on 22 July 2025. The final was played at Lakeside Stadium, Melbourne, on 4 October 2025.

Macarthur FC were the defending champions, but were eliminated by eventual champions Newcastle Jets in the quarter-finals. Newcastle Jets defeated Heidelberg United in the final, with Heidelberg United becoming just the second National Premier Leagues (NPL) team and the first NPL Victoria team to reach the final. As winners, the Newcastle Jets qualified for the group stage of the 2026–27 AFC Champions League Two.

Macarthur FC
Macarthur Football Club, also known as Macarthur Bulls, is an Australian professional football club based in South Western Sydney, New South Wales. It competes in Australia's premier football competition, the A-League, under licence from Australian Professional Leagues (APL). On 13 December 2018, it was announced that the club would be accepted into the A-League as part of the new expansion process.
Confusional arousal
A confusional arousal (also known as sleep drunkenness or severe sleep inertia) is medical condition where a person awakened from sleep shows mental confusion for at least several minutes. Complete or partial amnesia of the episodes may be present.

Slow-wave sleep
Slow-wave sleep (SWS), often referred to as deep sleep, is the third stage of non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREM), where electroencephalography activity is characterised by slow delta waves.

Slow-wave sleep usually lasts between 70 and 90 minutes, taking place during the first hours of the night. Slow-wave sleep is characterised by moderate muscle tone, slow or absent eye movement, and lack of genital activity. Slow-wave sleep is considered important for memory consolidation, declarative memory, and the recovery of the brain from daily activities.

Before 2007, the term slow-wave sleep referred to the third and fourth stages of NREM. Current terminology combined these into a single stage three.: 291
Scott Slifka
Scott Slifka (born Robert Scott Slifka; March 5, 1974 in Chicago, Illinois) is an American politician and the former mayor of West Hartford, Connecticut. A Democrat, Slifka was first elected to the West Hartford Town Council in 2001. He served as mayor from 2004 to 2016.

Slifka was raised in West Hartford and attended George Washington University and the George Washington University Law School. He served as chief-of-staff for Connecticut Secretary of State Susan Bysiewicz.  In 2006 he ran unsuccessfully for Lieutenant Governor of Connecticut on a ticket with John DeStefano, Jr., losing in the Democratic primary.

He oversaw the approval and completion of the Blue Back Square project and a new hotel in town.

On Jan. 28, 2016, Slifka announced his intention to step down as Mayor later the same year after being named Deputy General Counsel of The LEGO Group.

George Washington University Law School
The George Washington University Law School (GW Law) is the law school of George Washington University, a private research university in Washington, D.C. Established in 1865, GW Law is the oldest law school in Washington, D.C.

GW Law has an alumni network that includes notable people within the fields of law and government, including the former U.S. Attorney General, the former U.S. Secretary of the Interior, foreign heads of state, judges of the International Court of Justice, ministers of foreign affairs, a Director-General of the World Intellectual Property Organization, a Director of the CIA, members of U.S. Congress, U.S. State Governors, four Directors of the FBI, and numerous Federal judges.
Larry Parnes
Laurence Maurice Parnes (3 September 1929 – 4 August 1989) was a British pop manager and impresario. He was the first major British rock manager, and his stable of singers included many of the most successful British rock and roll singers of the late 1950s and early 1960s.

Parnes' reputation was later damaged by testimony from many of the artists he managed in the late fifties and early sixties who alleged they were exploited.

Impresario
An impresario (from Italian impresa 'an enterprise or undertaking') is a person who organizes and often finances concerts, plays, or operas, performing a role in stage arts that is similar to that of a film or television producer.
Carlos Chiodini
Carlos Alberto Chiodini (born 8 March 1982) is a Brazilian politician serving as a member of the Chamber of Deputies since 2019. He was a member of the Legislative Assembly of Santa Catarina from June to August 2008, from 2009 to 2010, and from 2011 to 2015.

Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)
The Chamber of Deputies (Portuguese: Câmara dos Deputados) is a federal legislative body and the lower house of the National Congress of Brazil. The chamber comprises 513 deputies, who are elected by proportional representation to serve four-year terms. The current president of the chamber is the Deputy Hugo Motta (Republicanos-PB), who was elected on 1 February 2025.
Luis Castro Leiva
Luis Hernan Castro Leiva (23 February 1943 – 8 April 1999) was a Venezuelan political philosopher, historian, writer and columnist. He is known for his televised speech on 23 January 1998 for the National Congress in which he warns against bolivarianism, cronyism and atavistic absolutism. He was one of the country's foremost advocates for democracy and an outspoken critic of Hugo Chávez, which he considered a populist. Castro is also credited with introducing rugby to Venezuela.

Bolivarianism
Bolivarianism is a mix of panhispanic, left-leaning and nationalist-patriotic ideals named after Simón Bolívar, the 19th-century Venezuelan general and liberator from the Spanish monarchy then in abeyance, who led the struggle for independence throughout much of South America.
2014 EurAsia Cup
The 2014 EurAsia Cup presented by DRB-HICOM was the first edition of the EurAsia Cup, a team golf event contested between teams representing Asia and Europe. It was held from 27 to 29 March at the Glenmarie Golf and Country Club in Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. The match ended in a 10–10 tie and, under the rules of the inaugural event, the Cup was shared between the teams.

The event had a $4,000,000 purse; $300,000 to each member of the winning team and $100,000 to each member of the losing team.

Shah Alam
Shah Alam (/ʃɑː ˈɑːləm/, Malaysian: [ʃah ˈalam], from Persian, meaning "king of the world") is a city and the state capital of Selangor, Malaysia which is situated within the Petaling District and a small portion of the neighbouring Klang District. Shah Alam replaced Kuala Lumpur as the capital city of the state of Selangor in 1978 due to Kuala Lumpur's incorporation into a Federal Territory in 1974. Shah Alam was the first planned city in Malaysia after independence from Britain in 1957.
Sophie Tieck
Sophie Tieck (28 February 1775 – 1 October 1833), later known as Sophie Bernhardi or Sophie von Knorring, was a German Romantic writer and poet. Her role as a writer of the Romantic period was overshadowed by her brother Ludwig and her first husband, August Ferdinand Bernhardi. She was only really appreciated as an important writer when her letters were published in the 1960s.

August Wilhelm Schlegel
August Wilhelm von Schlegel (Schlegel until 1812; /ˈʃleɪɡəl/ SHLAY-gəl; German: [aʊˈɡʊst ˈʃleːɡl̩]; 8 September 1767 – 12 May 1845) was a German scholar, critic, Orientalist, Indologist, translator and poet. With his brother Friedrich Schlegel, he was a leading influence within Jena Romanticism. His translations of Shakespeare turned the English dramatist's works into German classics.

Schlegel was also the professor of Sanskrit in Continental Europe and produced a translation of the Bhagavad Gita.
Masonic Lodge 570
The Masonic Lodge 570 building is a historic Moderne style building in San Angelo, Texas, United States. The building was constructed during 1927–31 as a commercial space plus a meeting hall for San Angelo Lodge #570 (a local area Masonic lodge). It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.

It is a two-story stuccoed commercial building that is a rare local example of Art Moderne architecture.

Moderne architecture
Moderne architecture, also sometimes referred to as Style Moderne, Art Moderne, or simply Moderne, Jazz Age Moderne, jazz modern or Jazz Style, describes certain styles of architecture popular from 1925 through the 1940s. It is closely related to Art Deco.
Kaasik
Kaasik is an Estonian surname (meaning birch forest). Notable people with the surname include:

Ain-Elmar Kaasik (1934–2026), Estonian neurologist, neurosurgeon and academic

Gert Kaasik, Estonian-born Finnish rapper and DJ

Hannes Kaasik (born 1978), Estonian football referee

Tõnis Kaasik (born 1949), Estonian entrepreneur, fencer, environmentalist, conservationist, and politician

Ülo Kaasik (1926–2017), Estonian mathematician

Ain-Elmar Kaasik
Ain-Elmar Kaasik (2 August 1934 – 30 January 2026) was an Estonian neurologist and neurosurgeon who was a professor at the University of Tartu.
He was a member of the Estonian Academy of Sciences from 1993 and served as its vice-president from 2004 to 2009.
Heterodiamond
Heterodiamond is a superhard material containing boron, carbon, and nitrogen  (BCN). It is formed at high temperatures and high pressures, e.g., by application of an explosive shock wave to a mixture of diamond and cubic boron nitride (c-BN). The heterodiamond is a polycrystalline material coagulated with nano-crystallites and the fine powder is tinged with deep bluish black. The heterodiamond has both the high hardness of diamond and the excellent heat resistance of cubic BN. These characteristic properties are due to the diamond structure combined with the sp3 σ-bonds among carbon and the heteroatoms.

Cubic BC2N can be synthesized from graphite-like BC2N at pressures above 18 GPa and temperatures higher than 2,200 K (1,930 °C). The bulk modulus of c-BC2N is 282 GPa which is one of the highest bulk moduli known for any solid, and is exceeded only by the bulk moduli of diamond and c-BN. The hardness of c-BC2N is higher than that of c-BN single crystals.

Orbital hybridisation
In chemistry, orbital hybridisation (or hybridization) is the concept of mixing atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals (with different energies, shapes, etc., than the component atomic orbitals) suitable for the pairing of electrons to form chemical bonds in valence bond theory. For example, in a carbon atom which forms four single bonds, the valence-shell s orbital combines with three valence-shell p orbitals to form four equivalent sp3 mixtures in a tetrahedral arrangement around the carbon to bond to four different atoms. Hybrid orbitals are useful in the explanation of molecular geometry and atomic bonding properties and are symmetrically disposed in space. Usually hybrid orbitals are formed by mixing atomic orbitals of comparable energies.
Shellingford Crossroads Quarry
Shellingford Crossroads Quarry is a 2.6-hectare (6.4-acre) geological Site of Special Scientific Interest west of Stanford in the Vale in Oxfordshire. It is a Geological Conservation Review site.

This site exposes rocks of the Corallian Group, dating to the Oxfordian stage of the Late Jurassic, around 160 million years ago. It has many fossils of corals and reef-dwelling bivalves, and is also important as it provides an example of the complexity of Oxfordian stratigraphy.

Stratigraphy
Stratigraphy is a branch of geology concerned with the study of rock layers (strata) and layering (stratification). It is primarily used in the study of sedimentary and layered volcanic rocks.
Stratigraphy has three related subfields: lithostratigraphy (lithologic stratigraphy), biostratigraphy (biologic stratigraphy), and chronostratigraphy (stratigraphy by age).

Several principles and laws come into play when using stratigraphy such as Principle of original horizontality, Law of superposition, Cross-cutting relationships, Principle of inclusions, Principle of faunal succession.
Penthouse (Australian TV series)
Penthouse is an Australian television series which aired 1960 to 1961 on Sydney station ATN-7. It was a daytime series featuring Pat Firman interviewing guests in a set designed to look like a penthouse apartment. It was sponsored by the magazines Woman's Day and Pix.

ATN
ATN is the Sydney flagship television station of the Seven Network in Australia. The licence, issued to a company named Amalgamated Television Services, a subsidiary of John Fairfax & Sons, was one of the first four licences (two in Sydney, two in Melbourne) to be issued for commercial television stations in Australia. The station formed an affiliation with GTV-9 Melbourne in 1957, in order to share content. In 1963, Frank Packer ended up owning both GTV-9 and TCN-9, so as a result the stations switched their previous affiliations. ATN-7 and HSV-7 joined to create the Australian Television Network, which later became the Seven Network. ATN-7 is the home of the national-level Seven News bulletins.
Dušan Kožíšek
Dušan Kožíšek (pronounced [ˈduʃan ˈkoʒiːʃɛk] ⓘ, born 25 April 1983 in Jilemnice) is a Czech cross-country skier who has been competing since 2002. He won a bronze medal in the team sprint (with Martin Koukal) at the 2005 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in Oberstdorf and finished 38th in the individual sprint in those same games. Kožíšek repeated the success in the team sprint at the 2007 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in Sapporo when he won a bronze medal, this time with Milan Šperl. Kožíšek also finished 17th in the individual sprint at those same games.

Kožíšek's best individual finish at the Winter Olympics was 22nd in the individual sprint in 2006. He has two career victories (2004, 2005) in distances up to 15 km.

FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2007
The FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2007 took place 22 February – 4 March 2007 in Sapporo, Japan. It was the second time this city has hosted these championships, having previously done so in the 1972 Winter Olympics.  Sapporo was selected as venue by vote at the 43rd FIS World Congress in Portorož, Slovenia, on 6 June 2002. It also marked the third time the championships were hosted outside Europe in a year that did not coincide with the Winter Olympics; it was the first championship held in Asia. The ski jumping team normal hill event was not held, as it had been in 2005.
Steve Stackable
Steve Stackable (born July 3, 1954) is an American former professional motocross racer and current hang glider instructor. He competed in the AMA Motocross Championships from 1974 to 1981. Stackable is notable for winning the 1975 AMA 500cc Supercross national championship.

American Motorcyclist Association
The American Motorcyclist Association (AMA) is an American nonprofit organization of more than 200,000 motorcyclists that organizes numerous motorcycling activities and campaigns for motorcyclists' legal rights. Its mission statement is "to promote the motorcycling lifestyle and protect the future of motorcycling." The organization was founded in 1924 and, as of October 2016, had more than 1,100 chartered clubs.

It provides guidance and advice on running events and rallies for clubs and promoters and allows affiliated members to vote on AMA matters. It also has a corporate membership category with representatives from the US motorcycle industry.

The AMA is the official national federation representative (FMN) for the United States of America in the Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme (FIM) and organizes US teams and riders for FIM-sanctioned events, including the International Six Day Enduro, Motocross Des Nations, and Trials Des Nations.
Nat Kalan
Nat Kalan (Urdu: نت کلاں), also spelled as Natt Kalan, is a town and union council in Wazirabad Tehsil, Gujranwala District, Punjab, Pakistan.

Khas-o-Khashak Zamane (خس و خاشاک زمانے), a novel by the famed Pakistani author  Mustansar Hussain Tarar, focuses on 100 years of history and how the partition of India affected the Nat Kalan village.

Mustansar Hussain Tarar
Mustansar Hussain Tarar (Urdu: مستنصر حسين تارڑ; Mustanṣar Ḥusẹ̄n Tāraṙ) S.I. (born 1 March 1939) is a Pakistani author, travel enthusiast, mountaineer, writer, novelist, columnist, TV host and former actor.
Northlands Shopping Centre
Northlands Shopping Centre, in Christchurch, New Zealand, is the South Island's second-largest mall. Founded on 18 October 1967, it is owned by Mackersy Northlands Limited Partnership. It is located in the Christchurch suburb of Papanui.

The shopping centre is single-level building, with over 110 tenants, including shops, bars, cafés and restaurants. It also has a multistorey car park. The main occupants of the shopping centre are Farmers department store, The Warehouse retail store, Hoyts cinema, Pak'nSave supermarket (until 2024), and Woolworths. The mall was extended with addition of food court, "winter garden" style dining conservatory, and outdoor seating area.

Pak'nSave
Pak'nSave (stylised as PAK'nSAVE) is a New Zealand discount food supermarket warehouse chain owned by the Foodstuffs cooperative. It is one of the three main supermarket chains in New Zealand, alongside Woolworths New Zealand and New World (the latter is also owned by Foodstuffs). There is a total of 58 Pak'nSave stores throughout the country.

Pak'nSave stores are large and have a no frills environment, often with unlined interiors and concrete floors.
2013 Lakoseljac Cup
The 2013 Milan Lakoseljac Cup was a domestic soccer cup competition held in Tasmania which was held from March to June 2013. The tournament which was the 43rd edition of the Lakoseljac Cup featured twenty teams from three regional competitions in a knockout format with the Victory League teams plus four third division teams getting a first round bye.

In the final, it was won by Olympia who defeated Tilford Zebras 4–2 in the final to claim their fifth state title.

Hobart Zebras FC
Hobart Zebras Football Club (also known as Tilford Zebras or just Zebras) was an association football club based in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. The club is one of the biggest and most successful clubs in Tasmania. It competes in competitions run by the governing body Football Federation Tasmania, including the NPL Tasmania. The club uses the colours of Juventus FC and have historical ties and links to the club. They merged with Clarence United FC after the 2019 season to form Clarence Zebras FC.