hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Infusion pump
An infusion pump infuses fluids, medication or nutrients into a patient's circulatory system. It is generally used intravenously, although subcutaneous, arterial and epidural infusions are occasionally used.

Infusion pumps can administer fluids in ways that would be impractically expensive or unreliable if performed manually by nursing staff.  For example, they can administer as little as 0.1 mL per hour injections (too small for a drip), injections every minute, injections with repeated boluses requested by the patient, up to maximum number per hour (e.g. in patient-controlled analgesia), or fluids whose volumes vary by the time of day.

Because they can also produce quite high but controlled pressures, they can inject controlled amounts of fluids subcutaneously (beneath the skin), or epidurally (just within the surface of the central nervous system – a very popular local spinal anesthesia for childbirth).

Artery
An artery (from Greek  ἀρτηρία (artēríā)) is a blood vessel in humans and most other animals that takes oxygenated blood away from the heart in the systemic circulation to one or more parts of the body. Exceptions that carry deoxygenated blood are the pulmonary arteries in the pulmonary circulation that carry blood to the lungs for oxygenation, and the umbilical arteries in the fetal circulation that carry deoxygenated blood to the placenta. It consists of a multi-layered artery wall wrapped into a tube-shaped channel.

Arteries contrast with veins, which carry deoxygenated blood back towards the heart; or in the pulmonary and fetal circulations carry oxygenated blood to the lungs and fetus respectively.
Beth Littleford
Elizabeth Littleford (born July 17, 1968) is an American actress and comedian known as an original correspondent on Comedy Central's The Daily Show from 1996 to 2000. For performing on The Daily Show, she won a Peabody Award in 2015.

Outside of The Daily Show, Littleford has acted in the sitcoms Spin City (1998–2000), I'm in the Band (2009–2011), The Hard Times of RJ Berger (2010–2011), and Dog with a Blog (2012–2015). Her film appearances include the romantic comedy Crazy, Stupid, Love (2011) and the anthology comedy Movie 43 (2013).

Crazy, Stupid, Love
Crazy, Stupid, Love. is a 2011 American romantic comedy film directed by Glenn Ficarra and John Requa and written by Dan Fogelman. It stars Steve Carell, Ryan Gosling, Julianne Moore, Emma Stone, John Carroll Lynch, Marisa Tomei, and Kevin Bacon. It follows a series of interconnected love stories centered on a recently separated man, played by Carrell, who learns how to be more romantic and charm women.

The film was theatrically released in the United States on July 29, 2011, by Warner Bros. Pictures. It received positive reviews from critics and was a box office success, grossing over $145 million worldwide against a $50 million budget. It was nominated for Best Comedy at the 17th Critics' Choice Awards, while Gosling was nominated for Best Actor in a Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy at the 69th Golden Globe Awards.
Timeline of Ontario history
Ontario came into being as a province of Canada in 1867 but historians use the term to cover its entire history dating back to its earliest known beginnings. This article also covers the  history of the territory Ontario now occupies.

For a complete list of the premiers of Ontario, see List of Ontario premiers.

Clergy reserve
Clergy reserves were tracts of land in Upper Canada and Lower Canada reserved for the support of "Protestant clergy" by the Constitutional Act 1791. One-seventh of all surveyed Crown lands were set aside, totaling 2,395,687 acres (9,695 km2) and 934,052 acres (3,780 km2) respectively for each province, and provision was made to dedicate some of those reserved lands as glebe land in support of any parsonage or rectory that may be established by the Church of England. The provincial legislatures could vary or repeal these provisions, but royal assent could not be given before such passed bills having been laid before both houses of the British Parliament for at least thirty days.
Wael Abbas
Wael Abbas Bilal (Arabic: وائل عباس, IPA: [ˈwæːʔel ʕæbˈbæːs]) (born 14 November 1974 in Egypt) is an internationally renowned Egyptian journalist, blogger, and human rights activist, who blogs at Misr Digital (Egyptian Awareness). He reported an incident of mob harassment of women, and broadcast several videos of police brutality. His actions led to the conviction of police for torture, but he has been harassed by the Egyptian government.

Police brutality
Police brutality is the excessive and unwarranted use of force by law enforcement against an individual or a group. It is an extreme form of police misconduct and is a civil rights violation. Police brutality includes, but is not limited to, asphyxiation, beatings, shootings, improper takedowns, racially-motivated violence and unwarranted use of tasers.
Amitsur complex
In algebra, the Amitsur complex is a natural complex associated to a ring homomorphism. It was introduced by Shimshon Amitsur (1959). When the homomorphism is faithfully flat, the Amitsur complex is exact (thus determining a resolution), which is the basis of the theory of faithfully flat descent.

The notion should be thought of as a mechanism to go beyond the conventional localization of rings and modules.

Shimshon Amitsur
Shimshon Avraham Amitsur (born Kaplan; Hebrew: שמשון אברהם עמיצור; August 26, 1921 – September 5, 1994) was an Israeli mathematician. He is best known for his work in ring theory, in particular PI rings,  an area of abstract algebra.
Legion: The Legend of Excalibur
Legion: The Legend of Excalibur is a real-time strategy / action role-playing video game hybrid developed by the ex-Westwood Studios 7 Studios and published by Midway Games for the PlayStation 2 in 2002. The game tells the story of the young King Arthur to save the kingdom from the evil sorceress Morgan and was given mostly poor or mediocre reviews by critics.

Westwood Studios
Westwood Studios, Inc. was an American video game developer based in Las Vegas, Nevada. It was founded by Brett Sperry and Louis Castle in 1985 as Brelous Software, but got changed after 2 months into Westwood Associates and was renamed to Westwood Studios when Virgin Games (later Virgin Interactive Entertainment) bought the company in 1992. The company was bought by Electronic Arts alongside Virgin Interactive's North American operations in 1998. In January 2003, it was announced that Westwood, alongside Westwood Pacific (EA Pacific), would be merged into EA Los Angeles. The main studio location closed in March of that year.

Westwood is best known for developing video games in the real-time strategy, adventure and role-playing genres. It was listed in Guinness World Records for selling 30 million copies of Command & Conquer games worldwide.
Gotfred Kvifte
Gotfred Ingolf Kvifte (1914, Froland, Aust-Agder – 1997) was a Norwegian physicist.

He was born in Froland. He took the dr.philos. degree in 1953, and worked as a lecturer at the University of Bergen for one year. He was then a professor at the Norwegian College of Agriculture from 1954 to 1984. He served as rector there from 1961 to 1968.

Norwegian University of Life Sciences
The Norwegian University of Life Sciences (Norwegian: Norges miljø- og biovitenskapelige universitet, NMBU) is a public university located in Ås, Norway. It is located  in Akershus county and has around 7,700 students.
2.5GBASE-T and 5GBASE-T
IEEE 802.3bz, NBASE-T and MGBASE-T are standards released in 2016 for Ethernet over twisted pair at speeds of 2.5 and 5 Gbit/s. These use the same cabling as the ubiquitous Gigabit Ethernet, yet offer higher speeds. The resulting standards are named 2.5GBASE-T and 5GBASE-T.

NBASE-T refers to Ethernet equipment that supports speeds of at least 2.5 Gbit/s and sometimes 5 or 10 Gbit/s, and that can automatically use training to operate at the best speed supported by the cable quality. Usually it also supports additional link speeds (10, 100 or 1000 Mbit/s) in connection with autonegotiation, depending on the capabilities of the equipment at the other end of the cable.

Autonegotiation
Autonegotiation is a signaling mechanism and procedure used by Ethernet over twisted pair by which two connected devices choose common transmission parameters, such as speed, duplex mode, and flow control. In this process, the connected devices first share their capabilities regarding these parameters and then choose the highest-performance transmission mode they both support.

Autonegotiation for twisted pair is defined in clause 28 of IEEE 802.3. and was originally an optional component in the Fast Ethernet standard. It is backwards compatible with the normal link pulses (NLP) used by 10BASE-T. The protocol was significantly extended in the Gigabit Ethernet standard, and is mandatory for 1000BASE-T gigabit Ethernet over twisted pair.

In the OSI model, autonegotiation resides in the physical layer.
Alabama & Friends
Alabama & Friends is a tribute album to American country rock group Alabama. It was released on August 27, 2013 via Show Dog-Universal Music. The album includes two new tracks, "That's How I Was Raised" and "All American", performed by Alabama.

The album debuted at No. 8 on the Billboard 200 and No. 2 on the Top Country Albums, selling 32,000 copies in the United States in the first week.

The artists on the album also later performed a tribute concert in Nashville, Tennessee at the historic Ryman Auditorium. The show was filmed, and the film was released on 2-disc DVD, titled "Alabama & Friends – At The Ryman", on September 30, 2014 via Eagle Rock Entertainment.

Ryman Auditorium
Ryman Auditorium (originally Union Gospel Tabernacle and renamed Grand Ole Opry House for a period) is a historic 2,362-seat live-performance venue and museum located at 116 Rep. John Lewis Way North, in the downtown core of Nashville, Tennessee, United States. It is best known as the home of the Grand Ole Opry from 1943 to 1974. It is owned and operated by Ryman Hospitality Properties, Inc. Ryman Auditorium was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971 and was later designated as a National Historic Landmark on June 25, 2001, for its pivotal role in the popularization of country music. A storied stage for Rock & Roll artists for decades, the Ryman was named a Rock & Roll Hall of Fame Landmark in 2022.
Power Ring (character)
Power Ring is the name of several supervillains and one superheroine appearing in comic books published by DC Comics. The characters are alternate-reality counterparts of Green Lanterns Hal Jordan, Kyle Rayner, John Stewart, and Jessica Cruz. Originally portrayed as residing on Earth-Three, which was subsequently destroyed during the 12-issue Crisis on Infinite Earths limited series, the Power Rings, along with the other Crime Syndicate of America members, were later reimagined as being from an Anti-Matter Universe.

The first Power Ring debuted in Justice League of America #29 (August 1964).

Supervillain
A supervillain, supervillainess or supercriminal is a variant of the villainous stock character. The character is a common archetype in comic books and other popular culture, often acting as the primary adversary of superheros.

Supervillains are often noted for their ability to foil heroes through the use of superpowers, their mental or physical capabilities, or their criminal influence, often creating grandiose schemes for nefarious purposes, such as world domination.
Rhiannon Clarke
Rhiannon Clarke (born 23 July 2002) is an Australian para-athletics competitor who specialises in sprint events. She won two bronze medals at the 2019 World Para Athletics Championships. She represented Australia at the 2020 Tokyo Paralympics and the 2024 Paris Paralympics.

Para-athletics
Para-athletics is the sport of athletics practiced by people with a disability as a parasport. The athletics events within the parasport are mostly the same as those available to able-bodied people, with two major exceptions in wheelchair racing and the club throw, which are specific to the division. Certain able-bodied events are rarely contested as para-athletic events outside deaf sport; pole vault, triple jump, hammer (of which the club throw is sometimes considered the para-athletic equivalent) and the three hurdling events. The sport is known by various names, including disability athletics, disabled track and field and Paralympic athletics. Top-level competitors may be called elite athletes with disability.
Harimuraleeravam
"Harimuraleeravam" (transl. Sound from Hari's flute) is a song composed by Raveendran included in the soundtrack for the 1997 Malayalam-language film Aaraam Thampuran. The song was majorly composed in Sindhu Bhairavi raga yet deviates and travels to other ragas including Saramati halfway. The song was penned by Gireesh Puthenchery and sung by K. J. Yesudas with a narration by Mohanlal and composer Reghu Kumar on Jathi portion.

This song was picturised on Mohanlal in the film. Yesudas won his 21st Kerala State Film Award for Best Male Playback Singer for this song. The "Harimuraleeravam" sequence has been an inspiration for similar song sequence in Apthamitra ("Kana Kanade Shaarade") and its remake Chandramukhi ("Athinthom"). The Times of India selected Harimuraleeravam as one among the five iconic Malayalam songs sung by Yesudas.

Kerala State Film Award for Best Singer
The Kerala State Film Award for Best Singer is an honour, established in 1969, and presented annually at the Kerala State Film Awards of India for best female and male playback singer in Malayalam cinema. The first recipients of the award were P. Leela and K. J. Yesudas. K. J. Yesudas has been the winner with 25 wins, followed by K. S. Chithra with 16 and S. Janaki with 11 awards.K. S. Chithra won the award for 11 successive years (1985–1996) that is the most times ever
Sydney FC league record by opponent
Sydney Football Club is an Australian professional association football club based in Moore Park, Sydney. The club was formed in 2004. They became the first Sydney member admitted into the A-League in 2005.

Sydney FC's first team have competed in the A-League Men Their record against each club in the A-League is listed below. Sydney FC's first A-League match was against Melbourne Victory, and they met their 14th and most recent different league opponent, Macarthur FC, for the first in the 2020–21 A-League season. The team that Sydney FC have played most in league competition is Melbourne Victory, who they first met in the 2005–06 A-League season. The 19 defeats against Adelaide United is more than they have lost against any other club. Melbourne Victory have drawn 20 league encounters with Sydney FC, more than any other club. Sydney FC have recorded more league victories against Newcastle Jets than against any other club, having beaten them both 30 times out of 52 attempts.

Macarthur FC
Macarthur Football Club, also known as Macarthur Bulls, is an Australian professional football club based in South Western Sydney, New South Wales. It competes in Australia's premier football competition, the A-League, under licence from Australian Professional Leagues (APL). On 13 December 2018, it was announced that the club would be accepted into the A-League as part of the new expansion process.
Yang Ju-dong
Yang Ju-dong (Korean: 양주동; 24 June 1903 – 4 February 1977) was a South Korean poet, professor, literary scholar, and academic. He published on both English and Korean literature. He is also known by his art name Mu-ae (무애).

Art name
An art name (pseudonym or pen name), also known by its native names hào (in Mandarin Chinese), gō (in Japanese), ho (in Korean), and tên hiệu (in Vietnamese), is a professional name used by artists, poets and writers in the Sinosphere. The word and the concept originated in China, where it was used as nicknames for the educated, then became popular in other East Asian countries (especially in Japan, Korea, Vietnam, and the former Kingdom of Ryukyu).

In some cases, artists adopted different pseudonyms at different stages of their career, usually to mark significant changes in their life. Extreme practitioners of this tendency were Tang Yin of the Ming dynasty, who had more than ten hao, Hokusai of Japan, who in the period 1798 to 1806 alone used no fewer than six, and Kim Chŏnghŭi of the Joseon Dynasty who had up to 503.
Tou (brewery)
Tou (Tou bryggeri) was a brewery established in 1855 at Tau near Stavanger, Norway.

Tou brewery started producing beer and flour in 1855 at Tau outside Stavanger. In 1901, the production of beer was moved to Lervik in Stavanger. In the 1970s, the production was again moved to new facilities in Forus. In 1964, Christianssands Bryggeri (CB) in Kristiansand became a subsidiary of Tou. But CB was in 1990 demerged into a separate company which subsequently in 1999 was acquired by Hansa Borg. Tou merged in 1990 with Nora Industrier and became part of beverage company Ringnes. In June 2003, the board of Ringnes decided to close down the brewery, despite strong local protests. The last bottle rolled off the assembly line on 15 August 2003, and the production was moved to Oslo, where beer branded "Tou" is still being produced.

Tou brewery was Norway's first producer of carbonated apple juice.

Forus
Forus is an industrial district in the city of Stavanger which lies in the southwestern part of the large municipality of Stavanger in Rogaland county, Norway. It is located in the borough of Hinna, along the Gandsfjorden and it stretches south and west to the municipalities of Sandnes and Sola. The name Forus originates from an old farm located in this area, part of which is currently used for harness racing.

The drainage of the former 4-square-kilometre (1.5 sq mi) lake Stokkavatnet and the surrounding marsh area, from 1906 and onwards, added 4.5 square kilometres (1.7 sq mi) of new land for the nearby farms. In 1940, at the start of World War II, the German occupants initiated construction of Stavanger Airport on this site. The area was later developed mainly for industrial purposes. The Equinor headquarters are located at Forus.
1803 Gatton by-election
The 1803 Gatton by-election was a by-election to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom that took place on 24 January 1803.

The parliamentary borough of Gatton was a notorious "rotten" or pocket borough "in the pocket" of the Lord of the Manor of Gatton, who at that time was Sir Mark Wood. It had, at most, seven voters - all tenants of Wood. At the 1802 general election, "Wood returned himself and his brother-in-law [James] Dashwood". Both were members of William Pitt the Younger's faction of the Tory Party. At Pitt's request, shortly after the election, Dashwood vacated his seat so as to make way for Philip Dundas.

Rotten and pocket boroughs
A rotten or pocket borough, also known as a nomination borough or proprietorial borough, was a parliamentary borough or constituency in England, Great Britain, or the United Kingdom before the Reform Act of 1832 which had very few voters. They could be used by a patron to gain disproportionate influence within the House of Commons. The Reform Act of 1832 abolished the majority of these rotten and pocket boroughs.

The same terms were used for similar boroughs represented in the 18th-century Parliament of Ireland.
Jaywick Miniature Railway
The Jaywick Miniature Railway was a 18 in (457 mm) narrow gauge railway running along the seafront of the Essex coastline, connecting Clacton on Sea to the recently opened holiday resort of Jaywick. It opened in July 1936 and closed in September 1939 following the outbreak of World War II. After the war three coaches were sold to the New Brighton Miniature Railway. The latter closed in 1965, and the coaches were then transferred to the Ravenglass and Eskdale Railway. The vertical boiler steam locomotive survives, in much rebuilt form, preserved by the Ashover Light Railway Society at Rowsley South.

Ashover Light Railway
The Ashover Light Railway was a 1 ft 11+1⁄2 in (597 mm) narrow gauge railway in Derbyshire, England that connected Clay Cross and Ashover. It was built by the Clay Cross Company to transport minerals such as limestone, fluorite, barytes and gritstone to its works at Clay Cross and for transport around the country by the LMS.
Amelesagoras
Amelesagoras (Ancient Greek: Ἀμελησαγόρας) or Melesagoras (Μελησαγόρας, as he is called by others) of Chalcedon, was an early Greek historian. The histories of Gorgias and Eudemus of Naxos both borrowed from him.

Maximus Tyrius speaks of a Melesagoras, a native of Eleusis, and Antigonus of Carystus of an Amelesagoras of Athens, the latter of whom wrote an account of Attica; these persons are probably the same, and perhaps also the same as Amelesagoras of Chalcedon.

Maximus of Tyre
Maximus of Tyre (Greek: Μάξιμος Τύριος; fl. late 2nd century AD), also known as Cassius Maximus Tyrius, was a Greek rhetorician and philosopher who lived in the time of the Antonines and Commodus, and who belongs to the trend of the Second Sophistic.  His writings contain many allusions to the history of Greece, while there is little reference to Rome; hence it is inferred that he lived longer in Greece, perhaps as a professor at Athens. Although nominally a Platonist, he is really a sophist rather than a philosopher, although he is still considered one of the precursors of Neoplatonism.
2023 NBA draft
The 2023 NBA draft, the 77th edition of the National Basketball Association's annual draft, was held on June 22, 2023, at Barclays Center in Brooklyn, New York. The draft consisted of 58 picks instead of the typical 60 for the second year in a row due to the loss of a second-round pick for both the Chicago Bulls and the Philadelphia 76ers for violating the NBA's tampering rules during free agency. The first overall selection was made by the San Antonio Spurs, who selected the 7'4" French center Victor Wembanyama. Wembanyama went on to win the Rookie of the Year.

Delon Wright
Delon Reginald Wright (born April 26, 1992) is an American professional basketball player who last played for the New York Knicks of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for the CC of San Francisco Rams and the Utah Utes, being a first-team all-conference player in the Pac-12 in 2014 and 2015. He also earned the Bob Cousy Award in 2015.
Karl L. Ericson
Karl Leslie "Red" Ericson (January 21, 1895 – August 25, 1965) was an American football and basketball coach and college athletics administrator. He served as the head football at Jamestown College—now known as the University of Jamestown—in Jamestown, North Dakota, for eight seasons, from 1922 to 1929, compiling a record of 23–28–4. Ericson was also the head basketball coach and athletic director at Jamestown.

Ericson was born on January 21, 1895, in Elroy, Wisconsin and moved to North Dakota at the age of 10. After graduating from Jamestown College, he taught and coached at Mandan High School in Mandan, North Dakota.

Mandan High School
Mandan High School is a public high school located in Mandan, North Dakota. It is the only high school within the Mandan Public Schools system, serving grades 9–12. In 2007 the Mandan Public School District renovated the high school building in 2024 opened a new high school building on its new campus north of I94. Mandan is the sixth-largest school district in the state of North Dakota. Mandan High School has an 88% graduation rate. Enrollment for the 2009–2010 school year was 1,056 students. The graduating class for the 2009–10 school year was 229 students. On April 1, 2010, Mandan High School was recognized for maintaining 100 years of continuous accreditation by the North Central Association Commission on Accreditation and School Improvement (NCA CASI). In 2024, Mandan opened a new high school location.

The school district, and therefore the high school, serves Mandan and Harmon. It takes high school students from the Sweet Briar School District.