hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gabriel Kolko
Gabriel Morris Kolko (August 17, 1932 – May 19, 2014) was an American historian. His research interests included American capitalism and political history, the Progressive Era, and U.S. foreign policy in the 20th century. One of the best-known revisionist historians to write about the Cold War, he was also credited as "an incisive critic of the Progressive Era and its relationship to the American empire." U.S. historian Paul Buhle summarized Kolko's career when he described him as "a major theorist of what came to be called Corporate Liberalism...[and] a very major historian of the Vietnam War and its assorted war crimes."

Reviews in American History
Reviews in American History is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal established in 1973 and published by the Johns Hopkins University Press. It publishes reviews of new books on the topic of American history, as well as retrospectives on influential titles of the past. All areas of American history, including political, military, economic, gender, religious, social, cultural, legal, intellectual, artistic, and philosophical, are covered. The current editor-in-chief is Ari Kelman of the University of California, Davis.
Conroy Aircraft
Conroy Aircraft was an American aircraft manufacturer founded by John M. Conroy in Goleta, California, in 1968 after he resigned as president of Aero Spacelines. The company imitated Aero Spacelines' success with its Guppy aircraft by converting a Canadair CL-44 to carry oversized cargo as the Conroy Skymonster.

Starting in 1969, the company converted several turboprop aircraft to haul specialty cargo: the Stolifter, based on the Cessna Skymaster; the Turbo Three and the Tri-Turbo-Three, based on the Douglas DC-3, and the Turbo Albatross, based on the Grumman Albatross.

The company was reorganized in 1972 as Specialized Aircraft, and moved to Camarillo Airport in Camarillo, California.

Conroy Skymonster
The Conroy Skymonster (CL-44-O) was a 1960s United States specialized cargo aircraft based on the Canadair CL-44 freighter, with an outsize fuselage. It was a follow-on by the designer of the Aero Spacelines Guppy series of aircraft. The "O" stood for outsized fuselage.
Burhanuddin Kushkaki
Burhanuddin Kushkaki (Persian:  برهان الدين كشككى - Burhān al-Dīn Kushkakī), also known as Mawlawi Borhan al-Din Khan Koshkaki, (1894–1953) was an Afghan writer, journalist and Islamic scholar.

Kushkaki was born in 1894 in Kushkak in Nangarhar Province. He worked primarily as an editor and journalist, working as the editor or director of a number of Afghan newspapers, including Ittihad-i Mashriqi (Eastern Union) in Jalalabad, Aman-i Afghan (Afghan Peace), Habib-ul Islam (Friend of Islam), and Islah (Reconstruction) in Kabul. He was the editor of Rahnama-yi Qataghan wa Badakhshan, a guide to Qataghan-Badakhshan Province that was based on his through the province along with the future King of Afghanistan, Mohammed Nadir Shah. Kushkaki also wrote Nadir-i Afghan and contributed to Shiʻr al-ʻajam as̲ar-i ʻulāmah-ʼi marḥūm Shiblī Nuʻmānī. In addition to his secular work, Kushkaki translated the Koran into Pashtu.

He died in 1953.

Afghans
Afghans are the citizens and nationals of Afghanistan. Afghans comprise various ethnic groups, of which Tajiks, Pushtuns, Hazaras, and Uzbeks are the largest.

The two main languages spoken among the Afghan people are Dari (a variety of Persian) and Pashto. Historically, the ethnonym "Afghan" used to refer to Pashtuns, but later came to refer to all ethnicities in Afghanistan after the 1964 Constitution of Afghanistan proposed by King Mohammad Zahir Shah.
Murong Yi
Murong Yi (Chinese: 慕容顗; died 386) was a ruler of the Xianbei-led Chinese Western Yan dynasty. He was a son of the Former Yan Prince of Yidu, Murong Huan (慕容桓), a son of the founder of Former Yan, Murong Huang.

In 386, after the temporary ruler Duan Sui was ambushed and killed by Murong Heng (慕容恆) and Murong Yong, they supported Murong Yi as the Prince of Yan.  The Western Yan people—400,000 men and women—then abandoned Chang'an, which had been the Former Qin capital but had been captured by the prior Western Yan ruler Murong Chong -- to head back to their homeland in the east.  While on the journey, however, Murong Heng's brother Murong Tao (慕容韜) killed Murong Yi at Linjin (臨晉, in modern Weinan, Shaanxi). He was replaced by Murong Chong's son Murong Yao.

Chinese sovereign
The Chinese sovereign was the ruler of a particular monarchical regime in the historical periods of ancient China and imperial China. Sovereigns ruling the same regime, and descended from the same paternal line, constituted a dynasty. Several titles and naming schemes have been used throughout Chinese history.
Shadiyakh
Shadiyakh or Shadyakh (Persian: شادیاخ, presumably, a contracted form of شادی کاخ, Shadi-Kakh means (The) Palace of Happiness) was one of the  main palaces, gardens and great neighborhoods of Nishapur in the Middle Ages. It was established by Abdullah ibn Tahir al-Khurasani in  the 9th century AD, becoming more  important and populated after that. Some notable people like Attar of Nishapur lived there. Attar's tomb is now in that area. This palace was perhaps completely ruined in 13th century AD. Shadyakh Is now an archeological site open to tourists and it is part of the national heritage list of Iran, with the registration number of 10910.

Iran National Heritage List
Iran National Heritage List is a register of nationally significant monuments, places, buildings, events, etc., officially registered under the National Heritage Preservation Act of 1930. According to Article 1 of this law, "All the industrial monuments and buildings that were built up to the end of the Zand dynasty in the country of Iran, including movable and immovable in accordance with Article 13 of this law, can be considered as national heritage of Iran and under the protection and supervision of the state."

After 25 years, on 1 February 1956, with the registration of the Golestan Palace, the ban on the registration of works related to the Qajar era was practically lifted and subsequently the official list of these monuments was published under the current name.
Mahmoudiyeh FC
Mahmoudiyeh Football Club (Persian: کلپ فوتبال محمودیه) is the first football team that was established in Afghanistan. The club was founded in 1934. In 1937, the team travelled to British India where it played 18 matches against Indian teams, winning 8 matches, losing 9 and drawing one.

The club produced many notable players of whom, four took part in the 1948 Olympic Games as members of the Afghanistan national football team: Wahid Aitimadi, Abdul Ahad Kharot,
Abdul Ghafoor Assar and Abdul Ghani Assar.

Afghanistan national football team
The Afghanistan national football team represents Afghanistan in men's international football and is controlled by the Afghanistan Football Federation. The Afghanistan Football Federation was established in 1922 and joined FIFA in 1948. It was also one of the founding members of the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) in 1954.

Afghanistan claimed their first international football title and marked a historic moment for Afghan football when they became champions of the 2013 tournament of the SAFF Championship.
Bhimadole bus station
Bhimadole bus station is a bus station located in Bhimadole town of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is owned by Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation. It operates buses to all parts of the District and to nearby cities.

Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation
The Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation (abbreviated as APSRTC) is the state-owned road transport corporation in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. Its headquarters is located at NTR Administrative Block of RTC House in Pandit Nehru bus station of Vijayawada. Many other Indian metros and towns in Telangana, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Odisha and Chhattisgarh are also linked with the APSRTC services. It was merged into the state government after the creation of AP Public Transport Department (APPTD) in September 2019.
Christina Herrström
Christina Yngvesdotter Herrström Schildt (born Herrström, 23 August 1959 in Lidingö, Sweden) is a Swedish author and screenwriter. She has been married to Peter Schildt. She has written among the children's books Ebba & Didrik, Glappet and Tusen gånger starkare and she has also written the films/TV series based on these books. Glappet was first a TV series but she wrote a book based on it. She has also written other films and TV series.

Lidingö
Lidingö (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈlîːdɪŋˌøː]), also known in its definite form Lidingön and as Lidingölandet, is an island in the inner Stockholm archipelago, northeast of Stockholm, Sweden. In 2023, the population of the Lidingö urban area on the island was 48,162. It is the seat of government of the Lidingö Municipality, Stockholm County.

Lidingö's qualities have attracted affluent residents such as Björn Ulvaeus, Agnetha Fältskog, Anni-Frid Lyngstad and Benny Andersson of ABBA. Exclusive regions include the coastal region between Mölna and the east tip of the island, Gåshaga, as well as the east tip of the northern part of the horse shoe, called Elfvik. Notwithstanding the fact that many middle-class Swedes have moved to the island, (due to rental apartment construction projects), the inhabitants of the municipality remains the third wealthiest in Sweden after Danderyd and Täby.
Rumburgh Priory
Rumburgh Priory was a Benedictine priory located in the village of Rumburgh in the English county of Suffolk. The priory was founded in about 1065 as a cell of St Benet's Abbey at Hulme in Norfolk. At the time of the Domesday Book in 1086 it had 12 monks. The ownership of the priory was transferred to St Mary's Abbey in York towards the end of the 12th century. The monks of Rumburgh were particularly devoted to St. Bee, whom they commemorated at Michaelmas.

The priory had chapels at Wissett and Spexhall in Suffolk, but was "suppressed" in 1528 by Cardinal Wolsey and used to provide funds for the building of his Cardinal College in Ipswich. The monks were directed to join other monasteries of the same order.

The priory church survives as the parish church of Rumburgh, dedicated to St Michael and St Felix, and is a Grade I listed building. It has a number of features dating to the 13th and 15th centuries, including an unusual 13th-century tower.

Michaelmas
Michaelmas (/ˈmɪkəlməs/ MIK-əl-məs; also known as the Feast of Saints Michael, Gabriel and Raphael, the Feast of the Archangels or the Feast of Saint Michael and All Angels) is a Christian festival observed in many Western Christian liturgical calendars on 29 September and on 8 November in the Eastern Christian traditions. Michaelmas has been one of the four quarter days of the English and Irish financial, judicial and academic year.

In the Christian angelology of some traditions, the Archangel Michael is considered as the greatest of all the angels, being particularly honoured for defeating Satan in the War in Heaven.
Burquitlam
Burquitlam is a portmanteau of Burnaby and Coquitlam, two cities in British Columbia, Canada.

It can refer to:

Burquitlam, British Columbia

Burquitlam Station, part of the Millennium Line

Burquitlam (electoral district), former provincial electoral district

Port Moody-Burquitlam, provincial electoral district

Port Moody-Burquitlam
Port Moody-Burquitlam is a provincial electoral district in British Columbia, Canada.

The district of Port Moody-Coquitlam was established by the Electoral Districts Act, 2008, and was first contested in the 2009 general election. The riding adopted its current name and had modest boundary changes in the 2024 election, which implemented the results of the 2021 redistribution.
Circuit value problem
The circuit value problem (or circuit evaluation problem) is the computational problem of computing the output of a given Boolean circuit on a given input.

The problem is complete for P under uniform AC0 reductions. Note that, in terms of time complexity, it can be solved in linear time simply by a topological sort.

The Boolean formula value problem (or Boolean formula evaluation problem) is the special case of the problem when the circuit is a tree. The Boolean formula value problem is complete for NC1 with respect to AC0 reductions.

The problem is closely related to the Boolean satisfiability problem which is complete for NP and its complement, the propositional tautology problem, which is complete for co-NP.

P (complexity)
In computational complexity theory, P, also known as PTIME or DTIME(nO(1)), is a fundamental complexity class. It contains all decision problems that can be solved by a deterministic Turing machine using a polynomial amount of computation time, or polynomial time.

Cobham's thesis holds that P is the class of computational problems that are "efficiently solvable" or "tractable". This is inexact: in practice, some problems not known to be in P have practical solutions, and some that are in P do not, but this is a useful rule of thumb.
William Colepaugh
William Curtis Colepaugh (March 25, 1918 – March 16, 2005) was an American who defected to Nazi Germany in 1944 following his 1943 discharge from the U.S. Naval Reserve. He was a crewman on a repatriation ship that stopped off in Lisbon, at which time he defected at the German consulate. Colepaugh had attended Admiral Farragut Academy in Pine Beach, New Jersey.

Pine Beach, New Jersey
Pine Beach is a borough in Ocean County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the borough's population was 2,139, its highest ever decennial count and an increase of 12 (+0.6%) from the 2010 census count of 2,127, which in turn reflected an increase of 177 (+9.1%) from the 1,950 counted in the 2000 census.

Pine Beach was incorporated as a borough by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on February 26, 1925, from portions of Berkeley Township.
Henry Merrill
Henry Merrill (also spelled "Merrell") (August 7, 1804 – May 5, 1876) was an American merchant and pioneer of the U.S. state of Wisconsin.  He was a member of the first session of the Wisconsin State Senate in 1848.  His former home in Portage, Wisconsin, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.  Late in life, he wrote an essay of pioneer life in Wisconsin for the Wisconsin Historical Society.

Wisconsin Territory
The Territory of Wisconsin was an organized and incorporated territory of the United States that existed from July 3, 1836, until May 29, 1848, when an eastern portion of the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Wisconsin. Belmont was initially chosen as the capital of the territory. In 1837, the territorial legislature met in Burlington, just north of the Skunk River on the Mississippi, which became part of the Iowa Territory in 1838. In that year, 1838, the territorial capital of Wisconsin was moved to Madison.
William Hamilton Beattie
William Hamilton Beattie (10 December 1842 – 29 November 1898) was a Scottish architect specialising in hotel design in the late 19th century.

He was the eldest son of George Beattie (1810-1872) an architect/builder in Edinburgh and older brother to George Lennox Beattie (1862-1932), who also became an architect and continued the practise after William Hamilton's death.

He was christened simply William Beattie and did not adopt the name Hamilton (a family name) until 1877, by which time his career was taking off and a three part name better suited his aspirations to individuality.

Princes Street
Princes Street (Scottish Gaelic: Sràid nam Prionnsachan) is one of the major thoroughfares in central Edinburgh, Scotland, and the main shopping street in the capital. It is the southernmost street of Edinburgh's New Town, stretching around 1.2 km (three quarters of a mile) from Lothian Road in the west, to Leith Street in the east. The street has few buildings on the south side and looks over Princes Street Gardens allowing panoramic views of the Old Town, Edinburgh Castle, as well as the valley between. Most of the street is limited to trams, buses and taxis with only the east end open to all traffic.
Brunkeberg Tunnel
59°20′13″N 18°03′52″E﻿ / ﻿59.33694°N 18.06444°E﻿ / 59.33694; 18.06444

The Brunkeberg Tunnel (Swedish: Brunkebergstunneln) is a 231 m (758 ft)-long tunnel for pedestrians and cyclists connecting David Bagares Street to Tunnelgatan in central Stockholm. It passes through the esker Brunkebergsåsen and was inaugurated King Oscar II on 9 June 1886.

After opening, many Stockholmers continued using the above-ground road because it cost two öre to access the tunnel.

Oscar II
Oscar II (Oscar Fredrik; 21 January 1829 – 8 December 1907) was King of Sweden from 1872 until his death in 1907 and King of Norway from 1872 to 1905.

Oscar was the son of King Oscar I and Queen Josephine. He inherited the Swedish and Norwegian thrones when his brother died in 1872. Oscar II ruled during a time when both countries were undergoing a period of industrialization and rapid technological progress. His reign also saw the gradual decline of the Union of Sweden and Norway, which culminated in its dissolution in 1905. In 1905, the throne of Norway was transferred to his grandnephew Prince Carl of Denmark under the regnal name Haakon VII. When Oscar died in 1907, he was succeeded in Sweden by his eldest son, Gustaf V.
Bilquis Edhi
Bilquis Bano Edhi HI (Urdu: بلقیس ایدھی; 14 August 1947 – 15 April 2022) was a Pakistani nurse who helped save the lives of over 16,000 children.  During her career as a nurse and marriage to Abdul Sattar Edhi, she was one of the most active philanthropists in Pakistan. She was the co-chair of the Edhi Foundation, a charity organization that provided many services in Pakistan including a hospital and emergency service in Karachi. For her contributions, she was awarded the 1986 Ramon Magsaysay Award for Public Service and the Mother Teresa Memorial International Award for Social Justice in 2015. She was also a recipient of Hilal-i-Imtiaz, Pakistan's second highest civilian honour. For her service to the country, she was also referred to as The Mother of Pakistan.

Mother Teresa Awards
The  Mother Teresa Awards, officially called the  Mother Teresa Memorial Awards for Social Justice, are international and national awards presented annually to honour individuals and organizations that promote peace, equality and social justice, and aim to encourage the cause of justice and peaceful coexistence, while providing an impetus for society to imbibe these values. The awards are given in honour of Mother Teresa.
Edward Boker Sterling
Edward Boker Sterling  (September 9, 1851 – November 29, 1925), of Trenton, New Jersey, was a philatelist who specialized in the study of United States postage stamps, postal stationery, and revenue stamps.

Postal stationery
A piece of postal stationery is a stationery item, such as a stamped envelope, letter sheet, postal card, lettercard, aerogram or wrapper, with an imprinted stamp or inscription indicating that a specific rate of postage or related service has been prepaid.  It does not, however, include any postcard without a pre-printed stamp, and it is different from freepost for preprinted cards issued by businesses. In general, postal stationery is handled similarly to postage stamps; sold from post offices either at the face value of the printed postage or, more likely, with a surcharge to cover the additional cost of the stationery. It can take the form of an official mail issue produced only for the use of government departments.
WYLS (FM)
WYLS (104.9 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a sports format. Licensed to York, Alabama, United States, the station is currently owned by Sarah and William Grant, through licensee Grantell Broadcasting, LLC. It features ESPN Radio and The Paul Finebaum Radio Network.

Previously the station had a mixed urban contemporary format (hip hop, R&B, blues, and gospel), then transitioned over to a full-time gospel format.  The station also broadcast with the Jack FM music variety format.

On September 4, 2020, WSLY changed its format from sports to mainstream rock, branded as "Sly 104.9". In December 2023 WSLY changed its format from mainstream rock back to sports talk. On April 22, 2025, the station swapped call signs with AM sister station WYLS.

Jack FM
Jack FM is a radio network brand that is licensed by Sparknet Communications, with the exception of the European Union where it is licensed by Oxis Media. It plays an adult hits format, in most cases not using DJs.
Pádraig Cusack
Pádraig Cusack (Irish: [ˈpˠaːd̪ˠɾˠəɟ]; born 16 March 1962) is an Irish theatre producer who has worked with the National Theatre of Great Britain, the Abbey Theatre Dublin, the NCPA Mumbai and numerous international festivals.

Monkstown, Dublin
Monkstown (Irish: Baile na Manach), historically known as Carrickbrennan (Irish: Carraig Bhraonáin), is a suburb on the southside of Dublin, Ireland, located in Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown. It is on the coast, between Blackrock and Dún Laoghaire while also bordering Sallynoggin and Deansgrange inland.

The lands of the Carrickbrennan estate form the greater part of the civil parish of Monkstown.
Stanley John Squire
Stanley John Squire (November 24, 1915 – June 7, 1998) was a machinist and political figure in British Columbia. He represented Alberni in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia from 1952 to 1966 as a Co-operative Commonwealth Federation and then New Democratic Party member.

He was born in Nanaimo, British Columbia in 1915 and was educated there. In 1937, Squire married Frances Patricia Degnan. He served as an alderman for Port Alberni. Squire was defeated when he ran for reelection in 1966 and 1969. After leaving politics, he served as business agent for the International Woodworkers of America local. He died in 1998.

A bursary is awarded in his name by the Port Alberni & District Labour Council.

Legislative Assembly of British Columbia
The Legislative Assembly of British Columbia (French: Assemblée législative de la Colombie-Britannique) is the deliberative assembly of the Legislature of British Columbia, in the province of British Columbia, Canada. The legislature also includes the lieutenant governor of British Columbia. The assembly has 93 elected members and meets in Victoria. Members are elected from provincial ridings and are referred to as members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs). Bills passed by the assembly are given royal assent by the lieutenant governor in the name of the King of Canada.

The current legislature is the 43rd Parliament. The most recent general election was held on October 19, 2024. Proceedings of the Legislative Assembly are broadcast by Hansard Broadcasting Services.
1872 Cavite mutiny
The Cavite mutiny (Spanish: Motín de Cavite; Filipino: Pag-aaklas sa Kabite) was an uprising of Filipino military personnel of Fort San Felipe, the Spanish arsenal in Cavite,: 107  Philippine Islands (then also known as part of the Spanish East Indies) on January 20, 1872. Around 200 locally recruited colonial troops and laborers rose up in the belief that it would elevate to a national uprising. The mutiny was unsuccessful, and government soldiers executed many of the participants and began to crack down on a burgeoning Philippines nationalist movement. Many scholars believed that the Cavite mutiny was the beginning of Filipino nationalism that would eventually lead to the Philippine Revolution.

Arsenal
An arsenal is a place where arms and ammunition are made, maintained and repaired, stored, or issued, in any combination, whether privately or publicly owned. Arsenal and armoury (British English) or armory (American English) are mostly regarded as synonyms, although subtle differences in usage exist.

A sub-armory is a place of temporary storage or carrying of weapons and ammunition, such as any temporary post or patrol vehicle that is only operational in certain times of the day.