hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Reason (Beanie Sigel album)
The Reason is the second studio album by Philadelphia rapper Beanie Sigel, released on Roc-A-Fella Records. Originally scheduled for a June 12, 2001 release, the album was ultimately released June 26, 2001. The album contains 14 tracks, and special guests include Memphis Bleek, Jay-Z, Freeway, Omillio Sparks, Scarface, Daz, Kurupt, and Rell.

It received positive reviews from critics divided over Sigel's lyrical abilities as a rapper. The Reason debuted at number five on the Billboard 200 and spawned two singles: "Beanie (Mack Bitch)" and "Think It's a Game".

Kurupt
Ricardo Emmanuel Brown (born November 23, 1972), better known by his stage name Kurupt, is an American rapper and record producer. Born in Philadelphia and raised in Los Angeles, he formed Tha Dogg Pound in 1992 along with Daz Dillinger; the rap duo has released eight albums. He also formed the hip-hop group The Hrsmn in 1996, with whom he has released two albums. His debut solo album, Kuruption! (1998) was released by A&M Records and peaked at number eight on the Billboard 200.
Qualitative Market Research
Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal is a peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes academic research on qualitative research methods and its applications in market research, marketing, and consumption. It is published by Emerald and the editor-in-chief is Fiona Spotswood (University of Bristol). The journal was established in 1998.

Emerald Group Publishing
Emerald Publishing Limited is a scholarly publisher of academic journals and books, headquartered in Leeds, England. Originally focused in the areas of social sciences and management, including management, business, education, and library studies, Emerald also publishes in the areas of health, science, engineering, and technology.

Emerald Publishing began as an independent publishing house, formed by Keith Howard (OBE) and a group of management academics from the University of Bradford. Howard stepped down as Chairman of the Emerald Group in 2017.
Vicky Williams became the CEO of Emerald Publishing in 2018, replacing Richard Bevan, who took over Howard's role of Executive Chairman.   Emerald Group Publishing was acquired by US-based Cambridge Information Group on 10 June 2022.
2016 BMW PGA Championship
The 2016 BMW PGA Championship is the 62nd edition of the BMW PGA Championship, an annual golf tournament on the European Tour, held 26–29 May at the West Course of Wentworth Club in Virginia Water, Surrey, England, a suburb southwest of London.

Chris Wood won by one stroke over Rikard Karlberg.

Rikard Karlberg
Rikard Karlberg (born 1 December 1986) is a Swedish professional golfer. He won the 2015 Open d'Italia on the European Tour after winning a play-off against Martin Kaymer. He has also won twice on the Asian Tour and won the 2007 Nordic Golf League Order of Merit.
Jean Robic
Jean Robic (pronounced [ʒɑ̃ ʁɔ.bik]; 10 June 1921 – 6 October 1980) was a French road racing cyclist who won the 1947 Tour de France. Robic was a professional cyclist from 1943 to 1961. His diminutive stature (1.61m, 60 kg) and appearance was encapsulated in his nickname Biquet (Kid goat). For faster, gravity-assisted descents, he collected drinking bottles ballasted with lead or mercury at the summits of mountain climbs and "cols". After fracturing his skull in 1944 he always wore a trademark leather crash helmet.

Motorcycle helmet
A motorcycle helmet is a type of helmet used by motorcycle riders. Motorcycle helmets contribute to motorcycle safety by protecting the rider's head in the event of an impact. They reduce the risk of head injury by 69% and the risk of death by 42%. Their use is required by law in many countries. However, only 10.4% of all motorcyclists wear helmets, according to the World Health Organization in 2016.

Motorcycle helmets consist of a polystyrene foam inner shell that absorbs the shock of an impact, and a protective plastic outer layer. Several variations exist, notably helmets that cover the chin area and helmets that do not. Some helmets provide additional conveniences, such as ventilation, face shields, sun visors, ear protection, or a wireless microphone.
Amikacin
Amikacin is an antibiotic medication used for a number of bacterial infections. This includes joint infections, intra-abdominal infections, meningitis, pneumonia, sepsis, and urinary tract infections. It is also used for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. It is used by injection into a vein using an IV or into a muscle.

Amikacin, like other aminoglycoside antibiotics, can cause hearing loss, balance problems, and kidney problems. Other side effects include paralysis, resulting in the inability to breathe. If used during pregnancy it may cause permanent deafness in the baby. Amikacin works by blocking the function of the bacteria's 30S ribosomal subunit, making it unable to produce proteins.

Amikacin was patented in 1971, and came into commercial use in 1976. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It is derived from kanamycin.

Intra-abdominal infection
Intra-abdominal infection (IAI, also spelled intraabdominal) is a group of infections that occur within the abdominal cavity. They vary from appendicitis to fecal peritonitis. Risk of death despite treatment is often high.
San Lorenzo in Vineis
San Lorenzo in Vineis (Italian: San Lorenzo delle Vigne) is an octagonal layout,  Renaissance style, Roman Catholic church, standing alongside a closed adjacent monastery building, located off SR71, adjacent to the Cimiterio Comunale, west of the plateau comprising the historic center of Orvieto, region of Umbria, Italy. The church, degraded by time, lightning strikes, and the 2016 earthquake, is undergoing restoration starting in 2022–2024. A different church, San Lorenzo de Arari, is located in the city center.

Umbria
Umbria (/ˈʌmbriə/ UM-bree-ə; Italian: [ˈumbrja]) is a region of central Italy. It includes Lake Trasimeno and Marmore Falls, and is crossed by the Tiber. It is the only landlocked region on the Apennine Peninsula. The capital is Perugia. The region has 851,954 inhabitants as of 2025.

The region is characterized by hills, mountains, thick forests, valleys and historical towns such as the university centre of Perugia, Assisi (a World Heritage Site associated with St. Francis of Assisi), Terni, Norcia, Città di Castello, Gubbio, Spoleto, Orvieto, Todi, Castiglione del Lago, Narni, Amelia, Spello and other small cities.
Martyr Street
Martyr Street is a Canadian documentary film, directed by Shelley Saywell and released in 2006. The film centres on life in the West Bank through the eyes of two young girls, one Israeli and one Palestinian, living in Hebron.

The film premiered at the 2006 Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival, where it won the Best Canadian Feature Documentary award. It subsequently had its television premiere in July 2006 on History, following which it was a nominee for the Donald Brittain Award for best social or political television documentary at the 22nd Gemini Awards in 2007.

Donald Brittain Award
The Donald Brittain Award is a Canadian television award, presented by the Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television to honour the year's best television documentary on a social or political topic. Formerly presented as part of the Gemini Awards, since 2013 it has been presented as part of the Canadian Screen Awards. The award may be presented to either a standalone broadcast of a documentary film, or to an individual full-length episode of a news or documentary series; documentary films which originally premiered theatrically, but were not already submitted for consideration in a CSA film category before being broadcast on television, are also considered television films for the purposes of the award.

The award is named in honour of Donald Brittain, a pioneering Canadian documentary filmmaker. On one occasion to date, the award has been won by a documentary film about Brittain and his importance to the history of Canadian documentary film.
José Escalona
José M. Escalona (born January 7, 1986) is a Venezuelan professional baseball pitcher for the Parmaclima Parma of the Italian Baseball League.

In addition, Escalona played for the  Italy national baseball team at the 2017 World Baseball Classic.

Parma Baseball Club
1949 Parma Baseball is a professional baseball team that plays in the Serie A. Founded in 1949, the team is based in the city of Parma in Italy and plays its home games at the Stadio Nino Cavalli.  It is currently the second-largest stadium in Italy after Nettuno's Steno Borghese, and along with Bologna's home park, often hosts Italian national team home games.

The club, managed by Gianguido Poma, finished the 2020 season with a 15-11 record, good for 3rd place in Italy, behind Bologna and San Marino. So far in 2021, Parma took home the European Champions Cup in July, their European record 14th title. Parma will play in a modified playoff later this month to determine if they will get the opportunity to defend their title and participate in the 2022 Champions Cup.

One of the most successful clubs in the Italian League, Parma has won 10 IBL championships, as well as 15 European Cup titles, the most in European baseball.
George Durant
George Durant (October 1, 1632 – February 6, 1692) was an attorney, Attorney General and Speaker of the House of Burgesses in the Province of Carolina. He is sometimes called the "father of North Carolina".

Province of Carolina
The Province of Carolina was a colony of the Kingdom of England (1663–1707) and later the Kingdom of Great Britain (1707–1712) that existed in North America from 1663 until the Carolinas were partitioned into North and South in 1712. However, the two parts did not become separate and administrative royal colonies until 1729.

The original North American Carolina province of 1663 consisted of all or parts of present-day Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee.
Future Crimes
Future Crimes is a themed anthology of science fiction short works edited by American writers Jack Dann and Gardner Dozois. It was first published in paperback by Ace Books in December 2003. It was reissued as an ebook by Baen Books in March 2013.

The book collects eight novellas, novelettes and short stories by various science fiction authors, together with a preface and brief introductions to each story by the editors.

Baen Books
Baen Books (/ˈbeɪn/) is an American publishing house for science fiction and fantasy. In science fiction, it emphasizes space opera, hard science fiction, and military science fiction. The company was established in 1983 by science fiction publisher and editor Jim Baen. After his death in 2006, he was succeeded as publisher by long-time executive editor Toni Weisskopf.
Protestant Methodists
The Protestant Methodists were a small Methodist church based in Leeds. They left the Methodist conference in 1827 in protest at the installation of an organ in Brunswick Chapel in Leeds. This grew into a wider dispute around the style of government of the conference, though it continued to be known as the Leeds Organ Dispute. The Protestant Methodists constituted themselves as a separate body in 1828.

In 1836, the group joined the Wesleyan Association, by which time they consisted of several thousand members, mostly in Leeds. Through subsequent mergers, the Wesleyan Association became part of the United Methodist Church in 1907 and in 1932 became part of the Methodist Church of Great Britain.

Ecclesiastical polity
Ecclesiastical polity is the government of a church. There are local (congregational) forms of organization as well as denominational. A church's polity may describe its ministerial offices or an authority structure between churches. Polity relates closely to ecclesiology, the theological study of the church.
Trophon celebensis
Trophon celebensis is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk, in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails. Trophon celebensis reproduce through sexual reproduction, unlike some other snails which do so through asexual reproduction.

Muricidae
Muricidae is a large and varied taxonomic family of small to large predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks, commonly known as murex snails or rock snails. With over 1,700 living species, the Muricidae represent almost 10% of the Neogastropoda. Additionally, 1,200 fossil species have been recognized. Numerous subfamilies are recognized, although experts disagree about the subfamily divisions and the definitions of the genera.
Many muricids have unusual shells which are considered attractive by shell collectors and by interior designers.
Edgar Gillock
Edgar Hardin Gillock (July 30, 1928 – February 27, 2021) was an American politician in the state of Tennessee. A Democrat, he served in the Tennessee State Senate from 1969 until his resignation in 1983.

He served in World War II. The son of Edgar Cherry and Ruth Hardin Gillock, he was born in Savannah, Hardin County, Tennessee and attended Memphis State University, where he attained BS, MA, and LLB degrees. He later worked as an attorney and was a Baptist.

He resigned from his senate seat on January 2, 1983, after being convicted on influence peddling charges. He was disbarred in 1988.

Disbarment
Disbarment, also known as striking off, is the removal of a lawyer from a bar association or the practice of law, thus revoking their law license or admission to practice law. Disbarment is usually a punishment for unethical or criminal conduct but may also be imposed for incompetence or incapacity. Procedures vary depending on the law society; temporary disbarment may be called suspension.
Arts County Fair
Arts County Fair (ACF) was an annual large outdoor benefit concert/beer garden that ran from 1992 to 2007 at Thunderbird Stadium at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.

Arts County Fair was the largest student-run event in Canada; organized, produced, and promoted by the students of the Arts Undergraduate Society of the University of British Columbia.

The New Deal (band)
The New Deal is a Canadian three-piece electronic band formed in 1998 in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. With a drummer (Davide Direnzo), bass guitarist (Dan Kurtz, now playing with Dragonette), and keyboard player (Jamie Shields), the music incorporates many elements of modern electronica, which they have branded live progressive breakbeat house.
Chovvanur burial cave
Chovvanur Burial Cave is a prehistoric Megalith rock cut cave situated in Chowannur, of Thrissur District of Kerala. The cave can be accessed from single entry and its chamber is circular. The cave has a single chamber and two benches. The Archaeological Survey of India has declared this cave as centrally protected monument.

Thrissur district
Thrissur district (Malayalam: [t̪riʃ(ː)uːr] ⓘ), anglicised as Trichur, is one of the 14 districts in the Indian state of Kerala. It is situated in the central region of the state. Spanning an area of about 3,032 km2 (1,171 sq mi), the district is home to over 9% of Kerala's population.

Thrissur district is bordered by the districts of Palakkad and Malappuram to the north,  the district of Ernakulam to the south and Coimbatore to the east. The Arabian Sea lies to the west and Western Ghats stretches towards the east.  It is part of the historical Malabar Coast, which has been trading internationally since ancient times.  The main language spoken is Malayalam.

Thrissur district was formed on 1 July 1949, with the headquarters at Thrissur city. The district is known for its ancient temples, churches, and mosques.
Coding interview
A coding interview, technical interview, programming interview or Microsoft interview is a technical problem-based job interview technique to assess applicants for a computer programming or software development position. Modern coding interview techniques were pioneered by Microsoft during the 1990s and adopted by other large technology companies including Amazon, Facebook, and Google. Coding interviews test candidates' technical knowledge, coding ability, problem solving skills, and creativity, typically on a whiteboard. Candidates usually have a degree in computer science, information science, computer engineering or electrical engineering, and are asked to solve programming problems, algorithms, or puzzles. Coding interviews are typically conducted in-person or virtually.

Mathematical optimization
Mathematical optimization (alternatively spelled optimisation) or mathematical programming is the selection of a best element, with regard to some criteria, from some set of available alternatives. It is generally divided into two subfields: discrete optimization and continuous optimization. Optimization problems arise in all quantitative disciplines from computer science and engineering to operations research and economics, and the development of solution methods has been of interest in mathematics for centuries.

In the more general approach, an optimization problem consists of maximizing or minimizing a real function by systematically choosing input values from within an allowed set and computing the value of the function. The generalization of optimization theory and techniques to other formulations constitutes a large area of applied mathematics.
2008 Oregon Commissioner of Labor election
The 2008 Oregon Commissioner of Labor and Industries election was held on November 4, 2008, in order to elect the Oregon Commissioner of Labor and Industries. The election was held on a nonpartisan basis.

Incumbent Commissioner Brad Avakian, who had been appointed by Governor Ted Kulongoski after Commissioner Dan Gardner resigned, was elected to a full term.

Ted Kulongoski
Theodore Ralph Kulongoski (/ˌkʊlənˈɡɒski/ KUUL-ən-GOSS-kee; born November 5, 1940) is an American politician, judge, and lawyer who served as the 36th governor of Oregon from 2003 to 2011. A member of the Democratic Party, he served in both houses of the Oregon Legislative Assembly and also served as the state Insurance Commissioner. He was the Attorney General of Oregon from 1993 to 1997 and a justice of the Oregon Supreme Court from 1997 to 2001. Kulongoski has served in all three branches of the Oregon state government.
Topografov Island
Topografov Island (68°30′S 78°11′E﻿ / ﻿68.500°S 78.183°E﻿ / -68.500; 78.183) is an island just north of Partizan Island in the north part of the entrance to Langnes Fjord, Vestfold Hills in Antarctica. Mapped by Norwegian cartographers from air photos taken by the Lars Christensen Expedition (1936–37). Subsequently, photographed by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump (1946–47), ANARE (Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions) (1954–58) and the Soviet Antarctic Expedition (1956). The latter named it Ostrov Topografov (topographers' island).

Soviet Antarctic Expedition
The Soviet Antarctic Expedition (SAE or SovAE) (Russian: Советская антарктическая экспедиция, САЭ, Sovetskaya antarkticheskaya ekspeditsiya) was a Soviet research institute.  It was succeeded by the Russian Antarctic Expedition.
The Association for True and Complete Redemption
The Association for True and Complete Redemption (Hebrew: האגודה למען הגאולה האמיתית והשלימה) is a Chabad Meshichist organization founded by Rabbi Zimroni Tsik in 1991.  The organization publishes a weekly newsletter, a monthly newspaper, distributes informational materials, operates a website, and holds several conferences each year with thousands of attendees.

The organization and its activities occupy a central place in Chabad messianism. Professor Yoram Bilu's research on Messianism in Chabad is based primarily on the organization's publications.

Messianism
Messianism is the belief in the advent of a messiah who acts as the savior of a group of people. Some religions also have messianism-related concepts. Religions with a messiah concept include Christianity (Jesus), Hinduism (Kalki), Judaism (Mashiach), Islam (Mahdi and Jesus), Druze faith (Hamza ibn Ali), Zoroastrianism (Saoshyant), Buddhism (Maitreya), 
Taoism (Li Hong), and Bábism (He whom God shall make manifest).

In Judaism, the messiah will be a future Jewish king from the line of David and redeemer of the Jewish people and humanity. In Christianity, Jesus is the messiah, the savior, the redeemer, and God. In Islam, Jesus was a prophet and the messiah of the Jewish people who will return in the end times.
Joe Doyle (rugby league, born 1894)
Joseph Doyle (1894 – unknown) was an English professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1910s and 1920s. He played at the representative level for Great Britain (non-Test matches), and at the club level for Holker Street Old Boys  (in Barrow-in-Furness), and Barrow, as a wing or centre.

Barrow Raiders
The Barrow Raiders are a semi-professional rugby league team in Barrow-in-Furness, Cumbria, England. The club play home games at Craven Park and compete in the Championship, the second tier of British rugby league.

Barrow have never won the League Championship, their only major honour being winning the Challenge Cup in 1955.

Traditionally the club's home colours are blue and white and main rivals are fellow semi-professional Cumbrian teams Whitehaven and Workington Town.
Psiloceratoidea
Psiloceratoidea is a superfamily of Early Jurassic ammonoid cephalopods proposed by Hyatt in 1867, assigned to the order Ammonitida. They were very successful during Hettangian and Sinemurian. Last of them, family Cymbitidae and genera Hypoxynoticeras and Radstockiceras survived into Early Pliensbachian.

Psiloceratoidea is probably derived from the family Ussuritidae, which were Triassic members of Phylloceratoidea. Similar to their ancestors, Psiloceratidae kept smooth, rounded venter for whole of their life. Schlotheimiidae were different, as they had ventral chevrons. Rest of the families had angular venter, or keel for at least part of their ontogeny. Most of the members of this superfamily had only simple ribs, but few of them have evolved also secondary ribbing. While some members are involute and some Oxynoticeratidae were oxycone, most of the species were evolute.

Radstockiceras
Radstockiceras is an extinct genus of lower Jurassic ammonite that lived from Oxynotum zone of upper Sinemurian to Raricostatum zone of lower Pliensbachian. Shells of these animals were oxycone and involute with umbilicus that took maximum of 12% of diameter in the case of outer whorls. On inner whorls, venter has been sharp, but then it became rounded. Faint ribs had falcoid shape, but sometimes, ribs could absent. Shells could have been large in their size. Suture has been very complex, similar to Oxynoticeras, but culmination at umbilical margin has been missing. Genus has been named after town of Radstock, in Somerset.
Omartian
Omartian is an Armenian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Michael Omartian (born 1945), American musician

Paige Omartian (born 1990), American singer-songwriter

Stormie Omartian (born 1942), American writer, wife of Michael

Stormie Omartian
Stormie Omartian (/oʊˈmɑːrtiən/; born September 16, 1942) is an American Christian author. She is married to Michael Omartian, with whom she recorded five musical albums before she launched her writing career.
Melinda Doolittle (EP)
Melinda Doolittle - EP is an EP by American Idol season 6 third-place finisher Melinda Doolittle. Doolittle performed a song for the show each week of the season, and each song appeared on the show's website the day after the performance for sale as a studio version. The EP is a compilation of the five most downloaded of Doolittle's studio recordings, all of which are covers of other artists.

American Idol season 6
The sixth season of American Idol premiered on the Fox Broadcasting Company as a two-night, four-hour premiere special on January 16 and 17, and ran until May 23, 2007. Simon Cowell, Paula Abdul, and Randy Jackson returned as judges, and Ryan Seacrest returned as host.  A record of 74 million votes were cast in the finale round, and a record 609 million votes were cast in the entire season. Jordin Sparks won the competition, while Blake Lewis was the runner-up. This is the first season not to be syndicated under the Rewind package.