hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Siu-Wai Chan
Siu-Wai Chan (born 27 February 1958) is a Hong Kong engineer based in the United States. She is Professor of Materials Science and Engineering at the Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics
 A 2003 Guggenheim Fellow and 2018 Fellow of the American Physical Society, she studies ceramic engineering.

Ceramic engineering
Ceramic engineering is the science of creating objects from inorganic, non-metallic materials. This is done using either heat or precipitation reactions on high-purity chemical solutions at lower temperatures. The term includes the purification of raw materials, the study and production of chemical compounds, their formation into components, and the study of their structure, composition, and properties.

Ceramic materials may have a crystalline or partly crystalline structure, with long-range order on atomic scale. Glass-ceramics may have an amorphous or glassy structure. They can be formed from a molten mass that solidifies on cooling or chemically synthesized at low temperatures using methods such as  hydrothermal synthesis.

Ceramic materials are used in the fields of materials engineering, electrical engineering, chemical engineering and mechanical engineering. Ceramics are heat resistant, so they can be used for tasks in which materials like metal and polymers are unsuitable.
Taphropeltus contractus
Taphropeltus contractus is a species in the family Lygaeidae. It is found in the West Palearctic - in Europe, excepting the far North. In the South of Europe the distribution includes the Mediterranean Basin including  North Africa. The East limit is  the Caucasus. In Central Europe the species is widespread and it is not uncommon in the South. North of the central uplands, it occurs but only locally. The species occurs only in warmer in the Alps. It prefers half shady, dry warm habitats.

This species lives in the litter layer and sucks the seeds of many different types of herbaceous plants and shrubs. At the beginning of the summer when it is the mating season, they are also seen on the plants. The imagines hibernate and pairing starts from May. Nymphs are present in June to Autumn, the new generation of adult bugs appears in August. 
There is one generation per year.

Mediterranean basin
In biogeography, the Mediterranean basin (/ˌmɛdɪtəˈreɪniən/ MED-ih-tə-RAY-nee-ən), also known as the Mediterranean region or sometimes Mediterranea, is the region of lands around the Mediterranean Sea that mostly have a Mediterranean climate, with mild to cool, rainy winters and warm to hot, dry summers, which supports characteristic Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub vegetation.
Amalgaid mac Éndai
Amalgaid mac Éndai (died 601) was a King of Munster from the Eóganacht Áine branch of the Eoganachta and appears as the first king from this branch.

The chronology of the Munster kings from this period is confusing. The Annals of Tigernach mention him as king in 596 along with his brother Garbán mac Éndai and he is mentioned as king in The Book of Leinster. However, the pro-Glendamnach Laud Synchronisms omit him as does the saga of Senchas Fagbála Caisil "The Story of the Finding of Cashel".

His son Cúán mac Amalgado (died 641) was also a King of Munster.

Senchas Fagbála Caisil
Senchas Fagbála Caisil "The Story of the Finding of Cashel" is an early medieval Irish text which relates, in two variants, the origin legend of the kingship of Cashel. Myles Dillon has dated the first variant (§§ 1-3) to the 8th century, and the second (§§ 4-8) tentatively to the 10th century.
George Lowe (cricketer, born 1878)
George Emmanuel Lowe (12 January 1878 – 15 August 1932) was an English first-class cricketer, who played in one match for Yorkshire County Cricket Club in 1902.

Born in Guisborough, Yorkshire, England, Lowe was a wicket-keeper, who scored five not out in his only first-class innings. He also took one catch in his debut and only game.

Lowe (who was registered at birth as George Emmanuel Low), died in August 1932 in Middlesbrough, Yorkshire, aged 54.

Guisborough
Guisborough (/ˈɡɪzbərə/ ⓘ GHIZ-bər-ə) is a market town and civil parish in the borough of Redcar and Cleveland, North Yorkshire, England. It lies north of the North York Moors National Park. Roseberry Topping, midway between the town and Great Ayton, is a landmark in the national park. It was governed by an urban district and rural district in the North Riding of Yorkshire.

At the 2011 census, the civil parish with outlying Upleatham, Dunsdale and Newton under Roseberry had a population of 17,777, of which 16,979 were in the town's built-up area.
Ranegras Plain
Ranegras Plain is a plain in the eastern part of La Paz County, Arizona.

The Ranegras Plain is bounded by the Eagletail Mountains, Little Harquahala Mountains, Granite Wash Mountains and Bouse Hills to the northeast and to the southeast by the Plomosa, New Water and Little Horn Mountains. Its elevations range between 1,400 feet / 430 meters in the far southeast of the plain, where the Eagletail and Little Horn Mountains meet, to 930 feet / 280 meters in the far northwest, at Bouse, Arizona, where Bouse Wash, (the primary drainage of the plain), leaves the plain between the Plomosa Mountains and Bouse Hills.

Bouse, Arizona
Bouse (/ˈbaʊs/ BOWSS rhymes with "house") is a census-designated place (CDP) and ghost town in La Paz County, Arizona, United States. Founded in 1908 as a mining camp, the economy of Bouse is now based on tourism, agriculture, and retirees. The population was 996 at the 2010 census. It was originally named Brayton after the store owner John Brayton Martin.
Villianur taluk
Villianur taluk (Tamil: [ʋilːijnuːɾ]) is one of four taluks in the Pondicherry District of the union territory of Puducherry. It comprises villages under Villianur and Mannadipet Commune. Villianur taluk is further divided into four sub-taluks or firkas, namely Kodathur, Mannadipet, Thondamanatham and Villianur.

Mannadipattu commune
Mannadipattu Commune is located in India. Originally it was called "Tribuvane Commune", then renamed "Mannadipet Commune" (after liberation, by the Temporary United Government on 12 April 1954 in Tirubuvane). The liberation occurred while French India Government ruled over the French occupied Pondicherry regions. This event was a vital cause for liberation of entire French occupied Puducherry from French Administration.
K. R. Arjunan
K. R. Arjunan (born 1961 in Ooty) is an Indian politician. He was a former Member of Parliament, representing Tamil Nadu in the Rajya Sabha (the upper house of India's Parliament). 
K. R. Arjunan belongs to the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) political party.

Upper house
An upper house is one of two chambers of a bicameral legislature, the other chamber being the lower house. The house formally designated as the upper house is usually smaller and often has more restricted power than the lower house. A legislature composed of only one house (and which therefore has neither an upper house nor a lower house) is described as unicameral.
Sapir (surname)
Sapir is a surname (see Shapiro for etymology). Notable people with the surname include:

André Sapir, Belgian economist

Edward Sapir, American anthropologist and linguist
J. David Sapir, his son, also an anthropologist and linguist

Esteban Sapir, Argentine cinematographer and director

Estelle Sapir, Polish Holocaust survivor

Gal Sapir, Israeli footballer

Jacques Sapir, French economist

Mark Sapir, Russian-American mathematician

Michael Sapir, American businessman, founder of ProFunds Group and ProShares

Pinchas Sapir, Israeli politician

Richard Sapir, American novelist

Tamir Sapir, American businessman

Yosef Sapir, Israeli politician

Tamir Sapir
Tamir Sapir (born Temur Sepiashvili, Georgian: თემურ სეფიაშვილი; 1946/1947 – September 24, 2014) was a Georgian-born, Georgian-American businessman, real estate developer and investor. He was the founder of the Sapir Organization, a real estate investment firm based in New York City. Sapir originally made his fortune trading oil and fertilizers with the Soviet Union during the 1980s. He became a billionaire in 2002, with his wealth peaking in 2007 at US$2 billion, according to Forbes.
AM2
AM2 can refer to:

Socket AM2, a CPU socket for AMD desktop processors

Sega AM2, a research and development team for the video game company Sega

Arp-Madore 2, an open star cluster

a fictional element from The Sten Chronicles

Animusic

AM2 or AM², a yearly anime convention in its 2nd year held in Anaheim, California.

Achievement Measurement 2, a practical skills test required for becoming an electrician within Britain

British Rail Class 302, a class of Electric Multiple Units originally known as AM2

Air mass 2, the solar spectra after passing through two atmosphere thicknesses.

A⋅m2, a unit of magnetic moment equivalent to J/T.

Joule
The joule (/dʒuːl/ JOOL, or /dʒaʊl/ JOWL; symbol: J) is the unit of energy in the International System of Units (SI). In terms of SI base units, one joule corresponds to one kilogram-metre squared per second squared (1 J = 1 kg⋅m2⋅s−2). One joule is equal to the amount of work done when a force of one newton displaces a body through a distance of one metre in the direction of that force. It is also the energy dissipated as heat when an electric current of one ampere passes through a resistance of one ohm for one second. It is named after the English physicist James Prescott Joule (1818–1889).
Ophidiasteridae
The Ophidiasteridae (Greek ophidia, Οφιδια, "of snakes", diminutive form) are a family of sea stars with about 30 genera. Occurring both in the Indo-Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, ophidiasterids are greatest in diversity in the Indo-Pacific. Many of the genera in this family exhibit brilliant colors and patterns, which sometimes can be attributed to aposematism and crypsis to protect themselves from predators. Some ophidiasterids possess remarkable powers of regeneration, enabling them to either reproduce asexually or to survive serious damage made by predators or forces of nature (an example for this is the genus Linckia). Some species belonging to Linckia, Ophidiaster  and Phataria  shed single arms that regenerate the disc and the remaining rays to form a complete individual. Some of these also reproduce asexually by parthenogenesis.

The name of the family is taken from the genus Ophidiaster, whose limbs are slender, semitubular and serpentine.

Asexual reproduction in starfish
Asexual reproduction in starfish takes place by fission or through autotomy of arms. In fission, the central disc breaks into two pieces and each portion then regenerates the missing parts. In autotomy, an arm is shed with part of the central disc attached, which continues to live independently as a "comet", eventually growing a new set of arms. Fragmentation occurs on star fishes.
Harwood Shire
Harwood Shire was a local government area in the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales, Australia.

Harwood Shire was proclaimed on 7 March 1906, one of 134 shires created after the passing of the Local Government (Shires) Act 1905.

The shire offices were in Maclean. Other towns and villages in the shire included Angourie, Ashby, Iluka, Lawrence and Yamba.

Harwood Shire was amalgamated with Municipality of Maclean to form Maclean Shire on 1 January 1957.

Maclean, New South Wales
Maclean is a town in Clarence Valley local government area in the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales, Australia. It is on the Clarence River and near the Pacific Highway. At the 2021 census, Maclean had a population of 2,778, total urban area including Townsend and Gulmarrad (postcode 2463) is more than 8,304.

The Maclean, Yamba and Iluka area known as the Lower Clarence had a combined population of 17,533. Its industries are tourism, sugar cane production, farming and river-prawn trawling. Together with Grafton, Maclean is the shared administrative centre for the Clarence Valley Council local government area.
Boium
38°41′01″N 22°25′38″E﻿ / ﻿38.6836°N 22.42731°E﻿ / 38.6836; 22.42731
Boium or Boion (Ancient Greek: Βοιόν) was a town and polis (city-state) of Doris, and one of the original towns of the Doric Tetrapolis (along with Pindus, Cytinium, and Erineus). According to Andron of Halicarnassus, the founders of these cities were coming from an area that was also called Doris, in Thessaly, and that was also called Histiaeotis. Thucydides writes that during First Peloponnesian War, about the year 458 or 457 BCE, the Phocians attacked the cities of Boium, Erineus and Cytinium in Doris. The Lacedemonians came to their defense, with troops commanded by Nicomedes of Sparta and forced the Phocians to retreat.

Boium's site is near the modern Gravia.

Nicomedes of Sparta
Nicomedes (Ancient Greek: Νικομήδης; fl. 460 – 457 BC) was a Spartan military commander and a scion of the royal Agiad dynasty. He was a regent of Sparta during the minority of Pleistoanax, the son of his brother Pausanias.
Ekaterina Korbut
Ekaterina Valerievna Korbut (born February 9, 1985, in Tashkent) is a Russian chess player, who holds the titles of International master and Woman Grandmaster.
She won the World Junior Chess Championship (Girls) in 2004, and the Russian women's championship in 2006.

She competed in the Women's World Chess Championship 2006 but went out to Anna Ushenina in the first round. She qualified for the 2008 championship but did not take part.

She has played no serious chess since 2008; according to her friend Ekaterina Atalik she married and had a daughter, and is now focused on her family life.

Women's World Chess Championship 2006
The Women's World Chess Championship 2006 took place from March 10–27, 2006 in Ekaterinburg, Russia. For the fourth time, the championship took the form of a 64-player knock-out tournament.

The tournament was won by Xu Yuhua, who beat Alisa Galliamova in the final by 2½ to ½. Notably, Xu Yuhua was three months pregnant at the time.
Ireland in the Eurovision Song Contest 1972
Ireland was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 1972 with the song "Ceol an Ghrá", written by Joe Burkett and Liam Mac Uistin, and performed by Sandie Jones. To date, this is the only entry from Ireland sung in Irish. The Irish participating broadcaster, Radio Telefís Éireann (RTÉ), selected its entry through a national final. The song eventually finished in fifteenth place in the international final held at the Usher Hall in Edinburgh.

Sandie Jones
Margaret "Sandie" Jones (9 November 1951 – 19 September 2019) was an Irish singer, best known for representing Ireland in the Eurovision Song Contest 1972 with the song "Ceol an Ghrá". This marked the only occasion in the history of the contest on which a song was performed in the Irish language.
Joe McEachern
Joseph A. McEachern (born April 10, 1955) is an American politician. He was a member of the South Carolina House of Representatives from the 76th District, serving from 2009 to 2018. He is a member of the Democratic party.

South Carolina House of Representatives
The South Carolina House of Representatives is the lower house of the South Carolina General Assembly. It consists of 124 representatives elected to two-year terms at the same time as U.S. congressional elections.

Unlike many legislatures, seating on the floor is not divided by party, but is arranged by county delegation – a legacy of the original apportionment of the chamber. Until 1964, each of South Carolina's counties was a legislative district, with the number of representatives determined by the county's population. It meets from the second week of January into May.
Sarah Taylor (tennis)
Sarah Taylor (born November 6, 1981) is a tennis coach and former professional American tennis player from New York City. Her highest ranking was World No. 68 on March 31, 2003.

Taylor made her debut in a Grand Slam tournament at the 2001 US Open where she beat World No. 41 Marlene Weingärtner in the first round.

She won the silver medal at the 2003 Pan American Games, losing the final to Milagros Sequera 7–5, 4–6, 6–1.

Gisela Dulko
Gisela Dulko (Spanish pronunciation: [xiˈsela ˈðulko]; born 30 January 1985) is an Argentine former tennis player. Although she enjoyed modest success in singles, reaching a career-high ranking of world No. 26 and winning four WTA titles, her speciality was doubles, where she achieved the world No. 1 ranking and won 17 WTA titles. Partnering with Flavia Pennetta, Dulko won the 2010 WTA Tour Championships and the 2011 Australian Open. She also reached the mixed-doubles final at the 2011 US Open, with Eduardo Schwank. During her career, Dulko upset a number of top players on the tour, including Maria Sharapova in the second round of Wimbledon in 2009, Samantha Stosur in the third round of Roland Garros in 2011, and Martina Navratilova in the second round of Wimbledon in 2004 and in Navratilova's final Grand Slam singles match.

Dulko retired from professional tennis on 18 November 2012, aged 27.
Ariel Cohen
Ariel Cohen is a political scientist focusing on political risk, international security and energy policy, and the rule of law. Cohen currently serves as the managing director of the Energy, Growth, and Security Program] (EGS) at the International Tax and Investment Center (ITIC), an independent, nonprofit research and education organization founded in 1993 to promote tax reform and public-private initiatives to improve the investment climate in transition and developing economies.

He is also a nonresident senior fellow in the Eurasia Center at the Atlantic Council.  Until July 2014, Cohen was a senior research fellow at The Heritage Foundation in Washington, D.C.  He specializes in Russia, Eurasia, Eastern Europe, and the Middle East.

Atlantic Council
The Atlantic Council is an American think tank in the field of international affairs, favoring Atlanticism, founded in 1961 by Christian Herter and William L. Clayton. It manages sixteen regional centers and functional programs related to international security and global economic prosperity. It is headquartered in Washington, DC, and is a member of the Atlantic Treaty Association.
Svetozar Sečen
Svetozar Sečen (Serbian Cyrillic: Светозар Сечен) is a Serbian medical doctor and former politician. He was a member of the Vojvodina provincial assembly from 1993 to 1997. During his time as an elected official, he was a member of the Serbian Renewal Movement (SPO).

Serbian Renewal Movement
The Serbian Renewal Movement (Serbian: Српски покрет обнове, romanized: Srpski pokret obnove, abbr. SPO) is a liberal and monarchist political party in Serbia. It was founded in 1990 by writer Vuk Drašković, who served as the party's president until 2024. Aleksandar Cvetković is the incumbent leader.
Casualties of Israeli attacks on the Gaza Strip
Mass civilian casualties of Israeli bombing, shelling and rocket attacks on the Gaza Strip have occurred in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, in which Israeli bombing attacks on the Gaza Strip cause numerous civilian fatalities. The reason for such operations is purportedly to carry out targeted assassinations of militants from Hamas, Islamic Jihad and other groups seen to be a threat to Israel, whose Shin Bet data banks monitor thousands of Palestinians for targeting. Israel regards such cases as either unfortunate errors, the consequence of civilians being allegedly used to shield militants, or as acceptable collateral damage.

Shin Bet
The Israel Security Agency, better known by the acronyms Shabak or Shin Bet, is Israel's internal security and counterintelligence service. Its motto is "Magen v'lo Yera'eh" (Hebrew: מָגֵן וְלֹא יֵרָאֶה, lit. 'the unseen shield'). The Shin Bet's headquarters are located in northwest Tel Aviv, north of Yarkon Park.

It is one of three principal organizations of the Israeli Intelligence Community, alongside Aman (military intelligence) and Mossad (foreign intelligence service).
Casi (song)
"Casi" (English: "Almost") is a song by Colombian-American latin pop singer-songwriter Soraya. The song was released as the lead single from her fourth studio album Soraya (2003). The song was Soraya's first commercial single after she was diagnosed with breast cancer in 2000. After the announcement, Soraya took a hiatus between 2000 and 2003 to recover from her illness. The song was written, produced and recorded by Soraya. An English-language version called "Almost" was released in the English/international edition of the album.

Latin pop
Latin pop (Spanish: pop latino), also referred to as Spanish-language pop (Spanish: pop en español), is a subgenre of popular music defined primarily as pop music performed in Spanish. While its foundation lies in the structural and commercial conventions of international pop music—memorable melodies, rhythmic regularity, electric instrumentation, and broad appeal—it is often enriched by stylistic influences from Latin American and Iberian musical traditions.

Emerging from Spanish-speaking musicians, Latin pop remains distinct from other Latin genres such as rock en español, tropical, reggaeton, and dance, though it may incorporate elements of these styles. In this sense, the fusion with Latin or Hispanic folk genres is characteristic but secondary to its central definition as pop music in Spanish.
Târșolț
Târșolț (Hungarian: Tartolc; pronounced: [ˈtɒrtolts]) is a commune situated in Satu Mare County, Romania. It is composed of two villages, Aliceni (Kistartolc) and Târșolț.

At the 2011 census, the commune had 3,047 inhabitants, all of whom were ethnic Romanians; 62.8% were Greek-Catholic, 33.8% Romanian Orthodox, 1.4% Roman Catholic, and 1.2% Pentecostal. At the 2021 census, Târșolț had a population of 3,079, of which 95.52% were ethnic Romanians.

Satu Mare County
Satu Mare County (Romanian: Județul Satu Mare, pronounced [ˌsatu ˈmare], Hungarian: Szatmár megye) is a county (județ) of Romania, on the border with Hungary and Ukraine. The capital city is Satu Mare.
Veluthodu Dam
Veluthodu dam (Malayalam: വെളുത്തോട് അണക്കെട്ട് ) is a part of Kakkad Hydro Electric Project and is located in Seethathode panchayath of Ranni Taluk in Pathanamthitta District of Kerala, India. It's a Concrete-Gravity dam built across the Veluthodu river, a tributary of Kakkad River which is again a tributary of Pamba River. The dam is built primarily for electricity.  
This diversion dam diverts water to the water conductor system from Moozhiyar reservoir to Kakkad Power Station. This power station utilises the tail race water from Sabarigiri power station and flow received from moozhiyar and velluthode rivers. After power generation, water from Kakkad power station is released to the Kakkad River. Taluks through which release flow are Ranni, Konni, Kozhencherry, Thiruvalla, Chengannur, Kuttanadu, Mavelikara and Karthikappally. It is operated by Kerala State Electricity Board.

Pathanamthitta district
Pathanamthitta district (IPA: [pɐt̪ːɐnɐn̪d̪iʈːɐ]), is one of the 14 districts in the Indian state of Kerala. The district headquarters is in the town of Pathanamthitta. There are four municipalities in Pathanamthitta: Adoor, Pandalam, Pathanamthitta and Thiruvalla.  and  Major Towns of Konni, Kozhanchery, Ranni, and Mallappalli.

According to the 2011 Census of India, the population was 1,197,412, making it the third least populous district in Kerala (out of 14), after Wayanad and Idukki. Pathanamthitta has been declared the first polio-free district in India. The district is 10.03% urbanised. The district spans 2,652 km², more than half of which is covered by forest.
Monumento a los héroes de El Polvorín
Monumento a los héroes de El Polvorín can refer to:

Monumento a los héroes de El Polvorín (obelisk), an obelisk at Plaza Las Delicias, Ponce, Puerto Rico

Monumento a los héroes de El Polvorín (mausoleum), a mausoleum at Ponce Civil Cemetery, in Ponce, Puerto Rico

Monumento a los héroes de El Polvorín (mausoleum)
The Monumento a los heroes de El Polvorín (Monument to the "El Polvorín" fire heroes) is a mausoleum monument in Ponce, Puerto Rico, dedicated to the seven firefighters and one civilian who subdued the flames of the "El Polvorín" fire that took place on the night of 25 January 1899 in that city.