hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alexei Makeyev
Alexei Makeyev (born 25 November 1991) is a Russian professional ice hockey player who currently plays for HC Yugra of the Supreme Hockey League (VHL).

Makeyev made his Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) debut playing with Avtomobilist Yekaterinburg during the 2012–13 KHL season.

As a free agent, Makeyev was signed to a one-year contract, joining his third KHL club in Avangard Omsk on 18 August 2024.

Avtomobilist Yekaterinburg
HC Avtomobilist (Russian: Автомобилист Екатеринбург) is a professional ice hockey club based in Yekaterinburg, Russia. It is a member of the Kharlamov Division in the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). The club replaced Khimik Voskresensk in the KHL in 2009.
ATI 425 Titanium Alloy
The ATI 425 Titanium Alloy is a titanium alloy developed and produced by Allegheny Technologies Incorporated (ATI).

It is produced in multiple product forms, including sheet, coil, strip, Precision Rolled Strip and foil, plate, seamless tube, shapes and rectangles, as well as castings.

The ATI 425 Titanium Alloy was debuted on June 14, 2010 at the land and air-land defense and security exhibition Eurosatory in Paris, France.

Eurosatory
Eurosatory is the largest international exhibition for the land and air-land defence and security industry. It is held every two years in the Paris-Nord Villepinte Exhibition Centre, Paris, France. In 2024, it gathered over 2000 exhibitors from 61 countries, 334 official delegations from 93 countries, and 75 000+ professional visitors from across the globe. It is organised by COGES Events, a subsidiary of GICAT.

Attendance and participation at the exhibition are reserved for professionals only.
Public and bank holidays in Scotland
Bank holidays in Scotland are determined under the Banking and Financial Dealings Act 1971 and the St Andrew's Day Bank Holiday (Scotland) Act 2007.  Unlike the rest of the United Kingdom, most bank holidays are not recognised as statutory public holidays in Scotland, as most public holidays are determined by local authorities across Scotland. Some of these may be taken in lieu of statutory holidays, while others may be additional holidays, although many companies, including the Royal Mail, do not follow all the holidays listed below; and many swap between English and local holidays. Many large shops and supermarkets continue to operate normally during public holidays, especially since there are no restrictions such as Sunday trading rules in Scotland.

Sunday shopping
Sunday shopping or Sunday trading refers to the ability of retailers to operate stores on Sunday, a day that Christian tradition typically recognises as a day of rest, though the rationale for Sunday trade bans often includes secular reasoning. Rules governing shopping hours, such as Sunday shopping, vary around the world but many countries and subnational jurisdictions continue to ban or restrict Sunday shopping. In the United States, rules are enshrined within blue laws.
Pabilgagaltuku
Pabilgagaltuku, also Pabilgeshgaltuku (𒉺𒉈𒅍𒃲𒌇, pa.bil2.ĝeš-gal-tuku; fl. c. 2450 BC) was Governor (ensi) of Umma, a city-state in Sumer. He was captured by Ur-Nanshe of Lagash. His successor may have been Ush.

Pabilgagaltuku is known from an inscription of Ur-Nanshe, in which Ur-Nanshe claims that he defeated Umma and captured Pabilgagaltuku:

pabilgax (pa.bil2.ĝeš)-gal-tuku ensi2 umma(geš.kušu2)ki mu-dab5
“He seized Pabilgagaltuku, the governor of Umma.”

Pabilgagaltuku may also be mentioned in the Stele of the Vultures, as having been vanquished in the past by Ur-Nanshe.

Stele of the Vultures
The Stele of the Vultures is a monument from the Early Dynastic IIIb period (2600–2350 BC) in Mesopotamia celebrating a victory of the city-state of Lagash over its neighbour Umma in the Umma–Lagash war. It shows various battle and religious scenes and is named after the vultures that can be seen in one of these scenes. The stele was originally carved out of a single slab of limestone, but only seven fragments are known to have survived up to the present day. The fragments were found at Tello (ancient Girsu) in southern Iraq in the 1880s and are now on display in the Louvre. The stele was erected as a monument to the victory of king Eannatum of Lagash over Ush, king of Umma. It is the earliest known war monument.
URL: Usapang Real Love
URL: Usapang Real Love (transl. URL: discussing real love) is a 2016 Philippine television drama romantic comedy anthology series broadcast by GMA Network. It premiered on September 25, 2016. The series concluded on December 18, 2016 with a total of 14 episodes.

The series is streaming online on YouTube.

Philippine television drama
Philippine television drama, also known as teleserye is a form of melodramatic, serialized, televised fiction in the Philippines. Teleserye is derived from two Filipino words: "tele", short for "telebisyón" (television), and "serye" (series).

Teleseryes share characteristics with and have roots similar to soap operas and telenovelas. They have evolved into a genre with unique characteristics, however, and often reflect Filipino social reality. Teleseryes are aired in the afternoon and prime time, five days a week. Their audience crosses age and gender lines, and they have the highest advertising rates in the Philippine television industry. Series last from three months to a year or longer, depending on ratings.

Philippine TV dramas also include serials and anthologies, usually shown weekly. These dramas have a finite number of episodes and usually last one season, again depending on ratings.
Roger McDonough
Roger H. McDonough (February 24, 1909 – December 2, 2001) was an American librarian and president of the American Library Association from 1968 to 1969.

He worked at the Rutgers University Libraries as an undergraduate and continued working there as a reference librarian while he attended the Columbia University School of Library Service for a degree in library science. In 1937 he became the Director of New Brunswick, New Jersey Public Library.

In 1947, he was named the first professional State Librarian for the state of New Jersey. In that role, McDonough focused on cooperation among the state's libraries and developed a law library to serve the New Jersey state legislature. McDonough also supported the creation of a graduate school of library science at Rutgers University in 1954 and  the New Jersey State Cultural Center in 1965. When he retired in 1975, he continued to work as a consultation to the New Jersey Library Association.

New Jersey Legislature
The New Jersey Legislature is the legislative branch of the government of the U.S. state of New Jersey. In its current form, as defined by the New Jersey Constitution of 1947, the Legislature consists of two houses: the General Assembly and the Senate. The Legislature meets in the New Jersey State House, in the state capital of Trenton.
Vostok (spacecraft)
Vostok (Russian: Восток, lit. 'East') was a class of single-pilot crewed spacecraft built by the Soviet Union. The first human spaceflight was accomplished with Vostok 1 on April 12, 1961, by Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin.

The Vostok programme made six crewed spaceflights from 1961 through 1963. This was followed in 1964 and 1965 by two flights of Vostok spacecraft modified for up to three pilots, identified as Voskhod. By the late 1960s, these were replaced with Soyuz spacecraft, which are still used as of 2025.

Cosmonautics Day
Cosmonautics Day (Russian: День Космона́втики, romanized: Den' Kosmonávtiki) is an anniversary celebrated in Russia and some other post-Soviet states on 12 April. In 2011, at the 65th session of the United Nations General Assembly, 12 April was declared as the International Day of Human Space Flight in dedication of the first crewed space flight made on 12 April 1961 by the 27-year-old Soviet Russian cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin. Gagarin orbited
the Earth for 1 hour and 48 minutes aboard the Vostok 1 spacecraft.
Water polo at the 2025 World Aquatics Championships – Men's tournament
The men's water polo tournament at the 2025 World Aquatics Championships was held from 12 to 24 July 2025. This was the 22nd time that the men's water polo tournament has been played since the first edition in 1973. Croatia were the defending champions, having beaten Italy in Doha 2024.

Spain won their fourth title by defeating Hungary in the final.

2025 World Aquatics Championships
The 2025 World Aquatics Championships, the 22nd edition of the World Aquatics Championships, were held in Singapore from 11 July to 3 August 2025. It was the first city in Southeast Asia to host the World Championships.
Beatty Museum
Beatty Museum, also known as Beatty Museum and Historical Society, is a volunteer-run local history museum in Beatty, Nevada that showcases the history of the Bullfrog mining district (Rhyolite, Bullfrog, Gold Center, Transvaal, and Springdale), including its townspeople and their way of life. The museum was founded in 1995 and has experienced several changes in location since its founding.

Bullfrog, Nevada
Bullfrog is a ghost town in Nye County, in the U.S. state of Nevada. It is located at the north end of the Amargosa Desert about 4 miles (6.4 km) west of Beatty. Less than 1 mile (1.6 km) north of Bullfrog are the Bullfrog Hills and the ghost town of Rhyolite. The two ghost towns are about 120 miles (190 km) northwest of Las Vegas, 60 miles (97 km) south of Goldfield, and 90 miles (140 km) south of Tonopah.

To the west, roughly 5 miles (8.0 km) from Bullfrog, the Funeral and Grapevine Mountains of the Amargosa Range rise between the Amargosa Desert in Nevada and Death Valley in California.

Bullfrog is near the Goldwell Open Air Museum and its Red Barn Art Center. The Bullfrog jail, the barn, the museum's information center and its outdoor sculptures are located along a spur road leading from State Route 374 to Rhyolite.
2020 Russian regional elections
The 2020 Russian regional elections took place across three days from 11 to 13 September 2020 in 28 out of the 85 federal subjects of Russia. Voters elected 18 directly-elected  governors, 2 indirectly-elected governors and 11  regional parliaments. The elections also coincided with local elections in many cities. A total of 156,000 candidates stood for 78,000 positions at regional, local and municipal levels. The vote was extended over three days in a move the government said was to avoid over-crowding and to reduce the risk from COVID-19.

Candidates for the ruling United Russia party or their allies won all 20 governorships with more than 50% of the vote, meaning they would not need to hold a second round run-off. However, the party lost their majority in city assemblies in  Tomsk, Novosibirsk and Tambov.

Ben Noble characterised the elections as the Kremlin's dress rehearsal for the 2021 State Duma elections.

Tomsk
Tomsk (Russian: Томск, IPA: [tomsk]) is a city and the administrative center of Tomsk Oblast in Russia, on the Tom River. Population: 544,566 (2025); 556,478 (2021 census); 524,669 (2010 census); 487,838 (2002 census); 501,963 (1989 Soviet census).

Founded in 1604, Tomsk is one of the oldest cities in Siberia. It has six universities, with over 100,000 students, including Tomsk State University, the oldest university in Siberia.
Murphy J. Foster
Murphy James Foster (January 12, 1849 – June 12, 1921) was the 31st Governor of the U.S. state of Louisiana, an office he held for two terms from 1892 to 1900. Foster supported the Louisiana Constitution of 1898, which effectively disfranchised the black majority, who were mostly Republicans. This led to Louisiana becoming a one-party Democratic state for several generations and excluding African Americans from the political system.

Louisiana followed Mississippi (1890) and other southern states in adopting a new constitution with devices to disfranchise blacks, then a majority in the state, chiefly by making voter registration more difficult. This situation of discriminatory political exclusion was not corrected until after enforcement of constitutional rights by the federal government under the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

Constitution of Louisiana
The Louisiana Constitution is legally named the Constitution of the State of Louisiana and commonly called the Louisiana Constitution of 1974, and the Constitution of 1974. The constitution is the cornerstone of the law of Louisiana ensuring the rights of individuals, describing the distribution and power of state officials and local government, establishes the state and city civil service systems, creates and defines the operation of a state lottery, and the manner of revising the constitution.

Louisiana's constitution  was adopted (adopted in Convention) during the Constitutional Convention in 1974, ratified by the voters of the state on April 20, 1974, and became effective on January 1, 1975.
Irrewarra-Beeac Football Netball Club
The Irrewarra-Beeac Football Netball Club is an Australian rules football club which competes in the Colac & District Football League (Colac DFL) since 1986.
They are based in the Victorian town of Irrewarra. Irrewarra is about six miles east of Colac.

Colac & District Football Netball League
The Colac & District Football Netball League (CDFNL) is a minor country football league based in the South West of Victoria in the city of Colac. The CDFNL has 10 clubs, all located in the Colac Otway Shire, with the exception of Lorne, which falls within the Surf Coast Shire. The competition incorporates the two sports of Australian rules football and netball.
Modern Asian Studies
Modern Asian Studies is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal in the field of Asian studies, published by Cambridge University Press. The journal was established in 1967 by the Syndics of the University of Cambridge and the Committee of Directors at the Centre of South Asian Studies (CSAS), a joint initiative among SOAS University of London, University of Cambridge, University of Hull, University of Leeds, and University of Sheffield. The journal covers the history, sociology, economics, and culture of modern Asia.

Since 2021, the journal has been co-edited by Johan Elverskog, (Southern Methodist University), Sumit Guha, A. Azfar Moin, and Robert M. Oppenheim (all at the University of Texas, Austin). The previous editor was Norbert Peabody (University of Cambridge).

Robert M. Oppenheim
Robert Matthew Oppenheim is an American scholar of Korean studies. He is a professor of Asian studies and anthropology at the University of Texas at Austin.

Oppenheim majored in anthropology at Princeton University, graduating in 1991. He received his Ph.D. (2003) and M.A. (1995) in sociocultural anthropology at the University of Chicago. At the University of Texas, he directed the Center for East Asian Studies from 2011 to 2015.
He is the author of the book Kyŏngju Things: Assembling Place (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2008).

In 2015, Oppenheim won the Global Korea Award of the Council on Korean Studies at Michigan State University.
Covermount
Covermount (sometimes written cover mount) is the name given to storage media (containing software and or audiovisual media) or other products (ranging from toys to flip-flops) packaged as part of a magazine or newspaper. The name comes from the method of packaging; the media or product is placed in a transparent plastic sleeve and mounted on the cover of the magazine with adhesive tape or glue.

The Mail on Sunday
The Mail on Sunday is a British conservative newspaper, published in a tabloid format. Founded in 1982 by Lord Rothermere, it is the biggest-selling Sunday newspaper in the UK.  Its sister paper, the Daily Mail, was first published in 1896.

In July 2011, following the closure of the News of the World, The Mail on Sunday sold 2.5 million copies a week—making it Britain's biggest-selling Sunday newspaper—but by September that had fallen back to just under 2 million. Like the Daily Mail, it is owned by the Daily Mail and General Trust (DMGT), but the editorial staffs of the two papers are entirely separate. It had an average weekly circulation of 1,284,121 in December 2016; this had fallen to 673,525 by December 2022. In April 2020, the Society of Editors announced that the Mail on Sunday was the winner of the Sunday Newspaper of the Year for 2019.
Villa, Viljandi County
Villa is a village in Viljandi Parish, Viljandi County, Estonia. Until the 2017 administrative reform of Estonian municipalities the village was located in Tarvastu Parish. It is located 20 km (12 miles) southeast of the town of Viljandi and 3.8 km (2 miles) north of the small borough of Mustla, near the western shore of Lake Võrtsjärv. Neighboring villages include Holstre and Tarvastu. The population of Villa as of 2011 was 148, a decrease from 161 during the 2000 census.

Viljandi County
Viljandi County (Estonian: Viljandi maakond or Viljandimaa; German: Kreis Fellin) is one of 15 counties of Estonia. It is located in southern Estonia bordering Pärnu, Järva, Jõgeva, Tartu and Valga counties as well as Latvia.
Fusari
Fusari is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Antonio Fusari (born 1942), Italian footballer

Charley Fusari (1924–1985), American boxer

Rob Fusari, American music producer

Stefano Fusari (born 1983), Italian footballer

Tatiana Fusari, American murderer

Murder of Mary Welch
The Murder of Mary Anne Welch (October 23, 2017 – August 2, 2018) was perpetrated by her parents Seth Welch and Tatiana Fusari. Mary, a 10-month old infant, died of malnutrition and dehydration in Solon Township, Kent County, Michigan on August 2, 2018. Both parents were convicted of first-degree murder after Mary's death was attributed to neglect.
Afterdepolarization
Afterdepolarizations are abnormal depolarizations of cardiac myocytes that interrupt phase 2, phase 3, or phase 4 of the cardiac action potential in the electrical conduction system of the heart. Afterdepolarizations may lead to cardiac arrhythmias. Afterdepolarization is commonly a consequence of myocardial infarction, cardiac hypertrophy, or heart failure. It may also result from congenital mutations associated with calcium channels and sequestration.

Calcium channel
A calcium channel is an ion channel which shows selective permeability to calcium ions. It is sometimes synonymous with voltage-gated calcium channel, which are a type of calcium channel regulated by changes in membrane potential. Some calcium channels are regulated by the binding of a ligand. Other calcium channels can also be regulated by both voltage and ligands to provide precise control over ion flow. Some cation channels allow calcium as well as other cations to pass through the membrane.

Calcium channels can participate in the creation of action potentials across cell membranes. Calcium channels can also be used to release calcium ions as second messengers within the cell, affecting downstream signaling pathways.
South Bristol, England
South Bristol is the part of Bristol, England south of the Bristol Avon. It is almost entirely made up of the areas of the city historically in Somerset, and since the abolition of the county Avon, consists of the southern suburbs in the county of Bristol. Definitions sometimes also include areas of North Somerset, including Long Ashton, Nailsea and Backwell.

Backwell
Backwell is a village and civil parish in the unitary authority area of North Somerset, in the ceremonial county of Somerset, England. In 2011 it had a population of 4,589. The village lies about 7 miles (11 km) southwest of Bristol, south of the A370 to Weston-super-Mare. The parish includes the hamlets of Backwell Common, Backwell Green, and Backwell Farleigh, and the districts of Backwell West Town and Downside.

Nearby are Nailsea, Flax Bourton, Yatton, Brockley and Barrow Gurney.
Amós Acero
Amós Acero Pérez (31 March 1893 – 16 May 1941) was a Spanish Socialist Workers' Party politician under the Second Spanish Republic. He was born in Villaseca de la Sagra as the 3rd of 7 children. After the victory of the Nationalist faction in the Spanish Civil War, he was arrested by the new authorities. Following an investigation of his past by the Brigada Político-Social, he was brought to trial and was executed by the government of Francisco Franco in Madrid.

Political-Social Brigade
The Political-Social Brigade (Spanish: Brigada Político-Social, BPS), officially the Social Investigation Brigade (Spanish: Brigada de Investigación Social, BSI), was a secret police in Francoist Spain in charge of persecuting and repressing opposition movements. The brigade was a section of the General Police Corps (CGP). During the Spanish transition to democracy, it was restructured and replaced by the Central Information Brigade (BCI). Among the anti-Franco opposition, it was known colloquially as "the Social", "the Secret" or "the Brigade".
Birmingham Railway and Electric Company
The Birmingham Railway and Electric Company was both a streetcar and electricity provider in Birmingham, Alabama, US.

Created in 1890 after the  consolidation of several street railway operators, including the Birmingham Street Railway:

Highland Avenue and Belt Railroad 1885-1890

East Lake Land Company 1886-1890

East Birmingham Land Company 1887-1890

Bessemer and Birmingham Railroad 1887-1890

Enselt Company 1887-1890

In 1940, BREC became Birmingham Electric Company.

The company faced increased pressure from car after World War II and ridership declined. By the 1950s streetcar operations gave way to bus service in the city. Forty-seven streamlined PCC streetcars, which went into service in 1947, were sold to the Toronto Transit Commission in 1953.

BEC changed its name to Birmingham Transit Company in 1951. In 1972, the Birmingham-Jefferson County Transit Authority took over public transit operations.

Birmingham-Jefferson County Transit Authority
Birmingham-Jefferson County Transit Authority (BJCTA) is the public transportation operator in the city of Birmingham, Alabama and surrounding areas.  Created in 1972 to take over transit operations from private operators, it operates 109 buses on 38 routes. It also operates paratransit services, as well as micro transit services. In 2024, the system had 1,999,700 rides, or about 6,400 per weekday as of the first quarter of 2025.

Alabama does not provide state support for public transit, and so the funding for and service provided by BJCTA is less than other cities of equivalent size. This contributes to Alabama's status as the state with the highest per capita gasoline consumption.

The service runs from 4:00 AM to 11:30 PM on Weekdays and from 4:00 AM to midnight on Saturdays and holidays. There is no service on Sundays.
Index of Spousal Abuse
The Index of Spousal Abuse (ISA) is a 30-item self-report scale developed to measure the severity of physical and non-physical aggression inflicted on a woman by her spouse or partner. The ISA has become a popular measure in medical settings. It was created from the conflict tactics scale, one of the earliest instruments used to identify violence between partners by measuring interpersonal aggression, in which 19 items pertain to non-physical abuse and 11 pertain to physical abuse. Each item is rated on a scale from 1 (never) to 5 (very frequently). Both of these scales are part of assessing the cycle of abuse.

Self-report study
A self-report study is a type of survey, questionnaire, or poll in which respondents read the question and select a response by themselves without any outside interference. A self-report is any method which involves asking a participant about their feelings, attitudes, beliefs and so on. Examples of self-reports are questionnaires and interviews; self-reports are often used as a way of gaining participants' responses in observational studies and experiments.

Self-report studies have validity problems. Patients may exaggerate symptoms in order to make their situation seem worse, or they may under-report the severity or frequency of symptoms in order to minimize their problems.  Patients might also simply be mistaken or misremember the material covered by the survey.