hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Harry W. Jones House
The Harry W. Jones House is a historic house in Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States, in the Tangletown neighborhood.  Harry Wild Jones was one of the most notable architects in Minneapolis, with a career spanning nearly 50 years.  His designs included the Butler Brothers Warehouse, the chapel in Lakewood Cemetery, and the Washburn Park Water Tower.  His own home, built in 1887, was one of the first homes in the Washburn Park area and influenced the design of other homes in the area.  The house is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Historic house
A historic house generally meets several criteria before being listed by an official body as "historic." Generally the building is at least a certain age, depending on the rules for the individual list.  A second factor is that the building be in recognizably the same form as when it became historic.  Third is a requirement that either an event of historical importance happened at the site, or that a person of historical significance was associated with the site, or that the building itself is important for its architecture or interior. Many historic houses are also considered museums and retain permanent collections that help tell the story of their house and the era.
ProQuest Dissertations and Theses
ProQuest Dissertations and Theses (PQDT) is an online database that indexes, abstracts, and provides full-text access to dissertations and theses.  The database includes over 2.4 million records and covers 1637 to the present. It is produced by ProQuest and was formerly known as ProQuest Digital Dissertations. The bibliographic database (without full-text dissertations) is known as Dissertation Abstracts or Dissertation Abstracts International.

PQDT annually publishes more than 90% of all dissertations submitted from accredited institutions of higher learning in North America as well as from colleges and universities in Europe and Asia. Over the past 60 years, PQDT has amassed more than 1.4 million titles beginning with the first U.S. dissertation accepted by a university (Yale) in 1861. ProQuest began digitizing dissertations in  1997 from a microform archive.

In October 2015, ProQuest added the ability for authors to include an ORCID identifier when submitting a thesis.

ORCID
ORCID (/ˈɔːrkɪd/ ⓘ; Open Researcher and Contributor ID) is a global not-for-profit organization that provides a nonproprietary persistent identifier, in the form of an alphanumeric code called an ORCID iD, to uniquely identify an author of or contributor to  scholarly communications.

This addresses the problem that a particular author's contributions to the scientific literature or humanities publications can be hard to recognize, as most personal names are not unique, they can change (such as with marriage), have cultural differences in name order, contain inconsistent use of first-name abbreviations and employ different writing systems. It provides a persistent identity for humans, similar to tax ID numbers, that are created for content-related entities on digital networks by digital object identifiers (DOIs).

The ORCID system includes a website and services to look up authors and their bibliographic output (and other user-supplied pieces of information).
Wittichen Abbey
Wittichen Abbey (German: Kloster Wittichen) is a former Poor Clares abbey in Wittichen in a narrow side valley of the Kleine Kinzig stream near Schenkenzell in the upper Kinzig valley in the Black Forest.

Kinzig (Rhine)
The Kinzig (German pronunciation: [ˈkɪntsɪç] ⓘ) is a river in southwestern Germany, a right tributary of the Rhine.

It runs for 93 km from the Black Forest through the Upper Rhine River Plains. The Kinzig valley and secondary valleys constitute the largest system of valleys in the Black Forest.  Depending on the definition, the Kinzig is either the border between the Northern and Middle Black Forest or part of the Middle Black Forest. It is located entirely inside the State of Baden-Württemberg and its name is supposed to be of Celtic origin. During the last glacial period the Kinzig and the Murg created a common Kinzig-Murg river system.
Beck Row, Holywell Row and Kenny Hill
Beck Row, Holywell Row and Kenny Hill is a civil parish in the West Suffolk district of Suffolk, England. According to the 2001 census, it had a population of 4,048. The parish covers an area to the north of Mildenhall, including Beck Row, Holywell Row and Kenny Hill. The American military base at RAF Mildenhall is one of the main employers of this parish and is located in Beck Row, with farming and agriculture coming in second.  Beck Row has an old Methodist Church where many of the locals are buried.  The area around the parish includes heavily forested and heavily cultivated land. It is located in the famous fertile farming area of England; The Fens.  A popular pub in the town of Beck Row is The Bird in Hand. There is also a Londis grocery store, beauty shop, Kebab restaurant, and a pet store. Until 2019 it was in Forest Heath district.

The parish was formed on 1 April 1999, having previously been part of Mildenhall parish.

West Suffolk District
West Suffolk District is a local government district in Suffolk, England. It was established in 2019 as a merger of the previous Forest Heath District with the Borough of St Edmundsbury. The council is based in Bury St Edmunds, the district's largest town. The district also contains the towns of Brandon, Clare, Haverhill, Mildenhall and Newmarket, along with numerous villages and surrounding rural areas. In 2021 it had a population of 180,820.

The neighbouring districts are Mid Suffolk, Babergh, Braintree, South Cambridgeshire, East Cambridgeshire, King's Lynn and West Norfolk and Breckland.
Ludick
Ludick is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Adriaan Ludick (born 1998), Namibian rugby union player

Albert Ludick (born 1939), South African boxer

Eddie Ludick (born 1999), South African rugby union player

Lodewijck van Ludick (1629–1724), landscape painter from the Northern Netherlands

Ruan Ludick (born 1994), Namibian rugby union player

Stefan Ludick (born 1981), Namibian musician, television personality, and actor from Windhoek City

Willem Ludick (born 1997), South African cricketer who has played domestic cricket in New Zealand

Willie Ludick (1941–2003), South African boxer

Eddie Ludick
Eddie Ludick (born (1999-01-25)25 January 1999) is a South African rugby union player for the Southern Kings in the Pro14. His regular position is centre or wing.

Ludick made his Pro14 debut while for the Southern Kings in their match against the Munster in February 2020, coming on as a replacement flanker.
Willem Doorn
Rev. Willem Doorn (April 24, 1836 – October 25, 1908) was a Dutch vicar.

Rev. Doorn was known by his role as vicar of the Dutch Reformed Church at the Nobel Street in The Hague, where he served for 33 years and excelled in exegesis and homiletics, by his role as chairman of the board of the Theological University of Kampen and by his role in the General Synode of The Netherlands.

He was born in Zwolle, in 1836, as son of Petrus Doorn and Lienna Jacoba Krans, descendant of Hendrik Doorn (Doren) born 1720, and probably a descendant of Jan (Jansen) Doorn (Doren) born 1640, living on the estate Den Doren in Haerst, The Netherlands. (Remember Our Vicars, Volume 2 1836, Volume 4 1871).

Heerenveen
Heerenveen (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌɦeːrə(ɱ)ˈveːn] ⓘ, West Frisian: It Hearrenfean [ət ˌjɛrn̩ˈfɪən] ⓘ, Stellingwerfs: et Vene) is a town and municipality in the province of Friesland (Fryslân), in the Northern Netherlands. In 2021, the town had a population of 29,790 (1 January) while the municipality had a population of 50,859 (1 July).

The town itself is located southeast of Sneek and southwest of Drachten. Heerenveen is the oldest peat canal village in the Netherlands. Heerenveen is the fourth-largest place in Friesland in terms of population, but is not one of the eleven Frisian cities.

The municipality was formed on 1 July 1934, from parts of former municipalities Aengwirden and Schoterland, and a portion of the municipality of Haskerland. Boarnsterhim also merged into Heerenveen on 1 January 2014.
Defense industry of Ukraine
The defense industry of Ukraine is a strategically important sector and a large employer in Ukraine. Before the start of the Russo-Ukrainian War arms were mostly exported. Arms exports were banned after the outbreak of the full-scale invasion in 2022, but in September 2025 it was announced that controlled exports of surplus arms would be permitted to allow greater financing of arms needed at the frontlines.

Ukraine is a world leader in drone technology, but cannot produce equipment to intercept hypersonic and ballistic missiles.

Farsight Vision
Farsight Vision is a Ukrainian-Estonian defense technology company founded in 2023 that develops software and electronic hardware for battlefield intelligence and situational awareness, with a focus on geospatial analysis and 3D terrain modeling from UAV data. The company is a member of several defense technology clusters, including Brave1, IRON Cluster, and Techosystem Defense.

Since 2024, its technologies have been used by Ukraine's Security and Defense Forces — including the Armed Forces, the National Guard, the National Police, and the State Border Guard Service — in the context of the ongoing Russo-Ukrainian War.
The World, the Flesh and the Devil (1914 film)
The World, the Flesh and the Devil is a 1914 British silent drama film. Now considered a lost film, it was made using the additive color Kinemacolor process.

The title comes from the Litany in the 1662 Book of Common Prayer: "From all the deceits of the world, the flesh, and the devil, spare us, good Lord."

Litany
Litany, in Christian worship and some forms of Jewish worship, is a form of prayer used in services and processions, and consisting of a number of petitions. The word comes through Latin litania from Ancient Greek λιτανεία (litaneía), which in turn comes from λιτή (litḗ), meaning "prayer, supplication".
Nyayo Car
The Nyayo Car was a project made by the Kenyan government to plan and manufacture Kenyan cars. The project was initiated in 1986 when then president Daniel arap Moi asked the University of Nairobi to develop these vehicles.

Five prototypes were made, they were known as the Pioneer Nyayo Cars and they could achieve a top speed of up to 120 km/h. The Nyayo Motor Corporation was established to mass-produce these cars. However, due to a lack of funds, the car never entered production.

The Nyayo Motor Corporation was later renamed to Numerical Machining Complex Limited, manufacturing metal parts for various local industries. The car became a synonym for the many white elephants that signified the government of the day.

University of Nairobi
The University of Nairobi (uonbi or UoN; Swahili: Chuo Kikuu cha Nairobi) is a collegiate research university based in Nairobi and is the largest university in Kenya. Although its history as an educational institution dates back to 1956, it did not become an independent university until 1970. During that year, the University of East Africa was split into three independent universities: the Makerere University in Uganda, the University of Dar es Salaam in Tanzania, and the University of Nairobi in Kenya.

During the 2023 academic year, the university had 49,047 students, of whom 35,897 were undergraduates and 11,003 were postgraduates. The university launched several policy frameworks and introduced self-funded enrollment (also called 'module 2') to cope with the rising demand for higher education in Kenya.
Kalinchowk Rural Municipality
Kalinchowk is a Rural municipality located within the Dolakha district of the Bagmati province of Nepal. The municipality spans 132.49 square kilometres (51.15 sq mi) of area, with a total population of 22,954 according to a 2011 Nepal census.

On March 10, 2017, the Government of Nepal restructured the local level bodies into 753 new local level structures. The previous Kalinchowk, Babare, Lamidanda, Lapilang, Sunakhani, and Sundrawati VDCs were merged to form Kalinchowk Rural Municipality. Kalinchowk is divided into 9 wards, with Sunakhani declared the administrative center of the rural municipality.

Kalinchowk is a hill station and a tourist hotspot. It is located at 3842 meters of altitude and about 150km northeast from national capital Kathmandu. The place is best known for trekking and skiing. During the December, January and February (mainly Paush and Magh in Nepali months) snowfalls in Kalinchowk.

Rural municipality (Nepal)
A gaunpalika (Nepali: गाउँपालिका, romanized: Gāum̐pālikā, lit. 'rural municipality' Nepali pronunciation: [ɡãũ̯palika]) is an administrative division in Nepal. The Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development dissolved the existing village development committees and announced the establishment of this new local body. It is a sub-unit of a district. There are currently 481 rural municipalities.
De la Cour
De la Cour is a French-language surname, meaning "of the court". The alternative forms Delacour and Delacourt were used by a Huguenot refugee who settled in Portarlington, County Laois, Ireland, as well as his descendants who later moved to County Cork and then to England.

Portarlington, County Laois
Portarlington, historically called Cooletoodera (from Irish: Cúil an tSúdaire, meaning 'nook of the tanner'), is a town on the border of County Laois and County Offaly, Ireland. The River Barrow forms the border. Portarlington is around 70 kilometres (43 mi) west of Dublin. The town was recorded in the 2022 census as having a population of 9,288.
Bogdan Cotolan
Bogdan Viorel Cotolan (born 4 November 1981 in Targoviste, Romania) is a Romanian football player. Cotolan made his professional debut with Gloria Buzău in the Romanian second league.  During the winter of 2005–06 he was tested by CFR Cluj, eventually signing a contract. Cotolan is a right defender and right midfielder, although he can also play on the left side of the pitch.

Below are Bogdan Cotolan's career statistics:

2002–2003 Gloria Buzău 2B / 15 games

2003–2004 Gloria Buzău 13B / 25 games / 3 goals

2004–2005 Gloria Buzău 9B / 21 games / 1 goal

2005–2006 Gloria Buzău 9B / 14 games / 2 goals

2005–2006 CFR Cluj 5A / 9 games

2006–2007 CFR Cluj A / 3 games

2007-     FC Vaslui

Liga II
The Liga 2, most commonly spelled as Liga II, is the second level of the Romanian football league system. The league changed its name from Divizia B just before the start of the 2006–07 football season. It is currently sponsored by Casa Pariurilor, a betting company under the official name Liga 2 Casa Pariurilor.
Krishna Prasad (politician)
Krishna Prasad (died 2010), was a Fijian politician of Indian descent, who held the Nadi Open Constituency in the House of Representatives for the Fiji Labour Party in the parliamentary election of 2001.

Prasad retired from politics at the general election held on 6–13 May 2006. Prasad died from a heart attack on 27 April 2010.

2001 Fijian general election
General elections were held in Fiji in August and September 2001. The Soqosoqo Duavata ni Lewenivanua party won 18 of the 23 seats reserved for ethnic Fijians and one of three "general electorates" set aside for Fiji's European, Chinese, and other minorities. It also won 13 of the 25 "open electorates," so-called because they are open to candidates of any race and are elected by universal suffrage.  The remaining five ethnic Fijian seats, and one open electorate, were won by the Conservative Alliance, one of whom was George Speight who had led the putsch against the lawful government the year before. Chaudhry's Labour Party won all 19 Indo-Fijian seats and eight open electorates.  The New Labour Unity Party, formed by defectors from the FLP, won one general electorate and one open electorate.  The three remaining seats (one general electorate, one open electorate, and the Rotuman Islanders' seat) were won by minor parties and independent candidates.
Twisterella
"Twisterella" is a song by the British rock band Ride. It was released on 13 April 1992 by Creation/Sire as the second single from the band's second studio album, Going Blank Again (1992). It features Mark Gardener on lead vocals, who wrote its lyrics about his experiences with London nightlife. The song is described as "jangly Rickenbacker pop", in contrast to the band's typical shoegaze stylings.

Following the success of the band's previous single "Leave Them All Behind", which reached the top ten in the United Kingdom, commercial expectations were high for "Twisterella", which manager Dave Newton referred to as the band's "ace card." However, the song underperformed, peaking at only No. 36 on the UK Singles Chart. As a result, Creation Records decided not to release another single from Going Blank Again, ceasing promotion of the album in the United Kingdom.

Rickenbacker
Rickenbacker International Corporation is a string instrument manufacturer based in Santa Ana, California, United States. Rickenbacker is the first known maker of electric guitars, having introduced an electric lap steel guitar in 1932, and produces a range of electric guitar and bass guitar models.
Bonilla de la Sierra
Bonilla de la Sierra is a municipality located in the province of Ávila, Castile and León, Spain. According to a 2006 census (INE), the municipality had a population of 152 inhabitants in 2006, making it one of the lowest populations in Spain.

Province of Ávila
Ávila (Spanish: [ˈaβila] ⓘ) is a province of central-western Spain, in the southern part of the autonomous community of Castile and León. It is bordered on the south by the provinces of Toledo and Cáceres, on the west by Salamanca, on the north by Valladolid, and on the east by Segovia and Madrid. Ávila has a population of 158,265 (2018) and is ranked 47th out of 50 of Spanish provinces in population. Its capital is Ávila.
Shine: The Best of Annie Crummer
Shine: The Best of Annie Crummer is a greatest hits album by New Zealand singer Annie Crummer, released in 2002. It peaked at No. 25 on the New Zealand albums chart. The New Zealand Herald rated the album 3/5 stars, praising the new track "Love Not War."

Annie Crummer
Anne Crummer MNZM (born 1966) is a New Zealand pop singer and songwriter of Cook Islands descent who has seen success in both a solo career and as part of various musical groups.

Crummer represented New Zealand at the 1987 ABU Popular Song Contest with the song  "It's That What Friends Are For", placing third.
OSN News
OSN News was a 24-hour satellite channel offering exclusively American news programming from NBC, and MSNBC to U.S. expatriates, primarily geared towards an audience in the Arab countries. The channel is available on OSN Network in Middle East and North Africa.

Emigration from the United States
Emigration from the United States is the process where citizens and nationals from the United States move to live in countries other than the US, creating an American Diaspora (Overseas Americans). The process is the reverse of the immigration to the United States. The United States does not keep track of emigration and counts of Americans abroad are thus only available based on statistics kept by the destination countries.
Coatepeque FC
Coatepeque Fútbol Club, is a Guatemalan professional football club based in Coatepeque, Quetzaltenango Department. They compete in the Liga Primera División, the second tier of Guatemalan football.

They play their home games at Estadio Israel Barrios.

Football club (association football)
In association football, a football club (or association football club, alternatively soccer club) is a sports club that acts as an entity through which association football teams organise their sporting activities. The club can exist either as an independent unit or as part of a larger sports organization as a subsidiary of the parent club or organization.

The sport of association football allows teams that partake in some sort of club activity to participate in tournaments such as leagues and other competitions. Teams must register their players as well as staff and other personnel to be eligible to represent the club in any activity as it regards to association football competitions.
George Masso
George Masso (November 17, 1926 – October 22, 2019) was an American jazz trombonist, bandleader, vibraphonist, and composer specializing in swing and Dixieland. Masso is notable for his work from 1948 to 1950 as a member of the Jimmy Dorsey band.

Masso was born in Cranston, Rhode Island, United States. Masso began learning to play the trumpet, but expanded his diversity by becoming competent on other instruments.  He was further inspired by hearing Lou McGarity playing trombone on Benny Goodman's recording of "Yours". Masso secured a two-year spell in the late 1940s in Jimmy Dorsey's band, before finding the life of a professional jazz musician financially difficult, and Masso quit performing. He became a music teacher.

He returned to music in 1973 and performed with Bobby Hackett and Goodman. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, he recorded with Barbara Lea, Bob Haggart, and Yank Lawson.

Bobby Hackett
Robert Leo Hackett (January 31, 1915 – June 7, 1976) was a versatile American jazz musician who played swing music, Dixieland jazz and mood music, now called easy listening, on trumpet, cornet, and guitar. He played Swing with the bands of Glenn Miller and Benny Goodman in the late 1930s and early 1940s, he played Dixieland from the 1930s into the 1970s in a variety of groups with many of the major figures in the field, and he was a featured soloist on the first ten of the numerous Jackie Gleason mood music albums during the 1950s.
Daniel Špaček
Daniel Špaček (born January 9, 1986) is a Czech professional ice hockey player who currently plays with HC Bílí Tygři Liberec in the Czech Extraliga. Špaček previously played with HK Nitra in the Slovak Extraliga, and also in the Czech lower leagues with KLH Jindřichův Hradec, HC Vrchlabí, and HC Benátky nad Jizerou.

HC Bílí Tygři Liberec
Bílí Tygři Liberec (English: Liberec White Tigers) are a professional ice hockey club based in Liberec, Czech Republic. The team competes in the Czech Extraliga, the highest level of play in professional Czech ice hockey.
Graeme Lowans
Graeme Edward Lowans (8 May 1934 – 19 February 2014) was a New Zealand cricketer who played first-class cricket for Central Districts from 1959 to 1965, and Hawke Cup cricket for Nelson from 1958 to 1975.

Lowans' best first-class season was his first, 1959–60, when he made 395 runs at 35.90. He scored his only century the next season when he made 100 against Canterbury.

Lowans was a stalwart for Nelson in the Hawke Cup, forming an opening partnership with his Central Districts partner Lawrie Reade during Nelson's hold on the title between 1958 and 1965. He played in 39 Hawke Cup challenge and elimination matches, scoring 2120 runs at 37.19 and hitting four centuries.

Born in Nelson, Lowans was educated at Nelson College from 1947 to 1949. He also represented Nelson at association football and badminton. He and his wife Marilynne had three daughters.

Nelson College
Nelson College is the oldest state secondary school in New Zealand, a feat achieved in part thanks to its original inception as a private school. It is an all-boys school in the City of Nelson that teaches from years 9 to 13. In addition, it runs a private preparatory school for year 7 and 8 boys. The school also has places for boarders, who live in two boarding houses adjacent to the main school buildings on the same campus.

A Nelson College old boy, Charles Monro, was instrumental in introducing the game of rugby into New Zealand.