hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Marie-Madeleine Guimard
Marie-Madeleine Guimard (French pronunciation: [maʁi madlɛn ɡimaʁ]; 27 December 1743 — 4 May 1816) was a French ballerina who dominated the Parisian stage during the reign of Louis XVI. For twenty-five years she was the star of the Paris Opera. She made herself even more famous by her love affairs, especially by her long liaison with the Prince of Soubise. According to Edmond de Goncourt, when d'Alembert was asked why dancers like La Guimard made such prodigious fortunes, when singers did not, he responded, "It is a necessary consequence of the laws of motion".

Prince of Soubise
Within the French nobility, the title of "Prince of Soubise" was created in 1667 when the sirerie of Soubise, Charente-Maritime was raised to a principality for the cadet branch of the House of Rohan. The first prince was François de Rohan (1630-1712). He was succeeded by three further princes before the male line of Rohan-Soubise became extinct upon the death of the second Duke of Rohan-Rohan, Charles (1715-87).

The Hôtel de Soubise in Paris was owned by the princes, and is now the museum of the French National Archives.
Denny Party
The Denny Party were a group of American pioneers credited with founding Seattle, Washington, in 1851.

Originally from Cherry Grove, Illinois, the party began their journey west on April 10, 1851, led by 29-year-old Arthur A. Denny. Four months later, they arrived in Portland, Oregon and, upon hearing of the remote Puget Sound, sent David Denny, John Low, and Lee Terry to scout for land there. The remainder of the party, consisting of 24 people total, arrived at Alki Point on November 13, 1851, where they would remain until relocating across Elliott Bay in April 1852.

The second settlement, established at present-day Pioneer Square, grew into the city of Seattle, which became the largest city in the Pacific Northwest by 1910.

American pioneer
American pioneers were predominantly European American settlers who had marched on westward from the British Thirteen Colonies and later the United States of America, to settle and develop areas of the nation within the continent of North America.

The pioneer concept and ethos greatly predate the settlement of the Western United States, with which they are commonly associated, and many places now considered "East" were settled by pioneers from even further east. For example, Daniel Boone, a key figure in U.S. history, settled in Kentucky, when that "Dark and Bloody Ground" was still undeveloped.

One important development in the Western settlement were the Homestead Acts, which provided formal legislation for settlers which regulated the settlement process with little to no concern for the existing inhabitants of the land. Pioneers also settled on land that was once inhabited by American Indian tribes.
1959 Philadelphia Eagles season
The 1959 Philadelphia Eagles season was the franchise's 27th season in the National Football League. They improved on their previous output of 2–9–1, winning seven games. The team failed to qualify for the playoffs for the tenth consecutive season.

1958 Philadelphia Eagles season
The 1958 Philadelphia Eagles season was the franchise's 26th season in the National Football League (NFL). They failed to improve on their previous output of 4–8, winning only two games. The team failed to qualify for the playoffs for the ninth consecutive season. In the offseason, Vince Lombardi was offered the Eagles head coaching position but he refused it. He opted to stay as the Offensive Coordinator of the New York Giants.
Muhammad I Pasha
Muhammad Pasha was an Algerian Pasha of the Regency of Algiers from 1566. He was the son of the famous Pasha of Algiers Salah Rais. He was active in extending Algiers and building several forts. He was succeeded by Uluç Ali Reis, a famous pirate of Italian origins.

Algerians
Algerians (Arabic: الجزائريون, romanized: al-Jazāʾiriyyūn, pronounced [al‿dʒaˈzaːʔirijˌjuːn]) are the citizens and nationals of the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria. The majority of the country's population is composed of Arabs who make up 85% of the population, and there is a Berber minority of 15%. The term also applies more broadly to any people who are of Algerian nationality, sharing a common culture and identity, as well as those who natively speak Algerian Arabic or other languages of Algeria.

In addition to the approximately 46 million residents of Algeria, there is a large Algerian diaspora as part of the wider Arab diaspora. Considerable Algerian populations can be found in France, Belgium, Spain, Italy, and the United Kingdom; with smaller notable concentrations in other Arab states as well as non-Arab countries such as the United States, and Canada.
Claude L'Écuyer
Claude L'Écuyer (born January 26, 1947, in Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec) is a politician from Quebec, Canada. He was an Action démocratique du Québec Member of the National Assembly for the electoral district of Saint-Hyacinthe from 2007 to 2008.

L'Ecuyer holds a degree in law from the Université de Montréal and is a member of the Barreau du Québec and the Canadian Bar since 1973. He practiced law for nearly 35 years before jumping to provincial politics. He also a secretary of the Administration Committee of the Honore-Mercier Hospital in Saint-Hyacinthe and a member of the economic and industrial development in that region.

He was first elected in the 2007 election with 36% of the vote. Parti Québécois incumbent Léandre Dion, who was running for a fourth consecutive term, finished second with 32% of the vote.  L'Écuyer took office on April 12, 2007.

Saint-Hyacinthe
Saint-Hyacinthe (/ ... ˈhaɪ.əsɪnθ/ ... HY-ə-sinth, French: [sɛ̃t‿ijasɛ̃t]) is a city in southwestern Quebec east of Montreal on the Yamaska River. The population as of the 2021 Canadian census was 57,239. The city is located in Les Maskoutains Regional County Municipality of the Montérégie region, and is traversed by the Yamaska River.  Quebec Autoroute 20 runs perpendicular to the river. Saint-Hyacinthe is the seat of the judicial district of the same name.
Fitzroy Square
Fitzroy Square is a Georgian square in London, England. It is the only one in the central London area known as Fitzrovia.
The square is one of the area's main features, this once led to the surrounding district to be known as Fitzroy Square or Fitzroy Town and latterly as Fitzrovia, though the nearby Fitzroy Tavern is thought to have had as much influence on the name as Fitzroy Square.

Garden square
A garden square is a type of communal garden in an urban area wholly or substantially surrounded by buildings; commonly, it continues to be applied to public and private parks formed after such a garden becomes accessible to the public at large.

The archetypal garden square is surrounded by tall terraced houses and other types of townhouse. Because it is designed for the amenity of surrounding residents, it is subtly distinguished from a town square designed to be a public gathering place: due to its inherent private history, it may have a pattern of dedicated footpaths and tends to have considerably more plants than hard surfaces or large monuments.
Perfluoroether
Perfluoroethers are a class of organofluorine compound containing one or more ether functional group.  In general these compounds are structurally analogous to the related hydrocarbon ethers, except for the distinctive properties of fluorocarbons.

The introduction of an ether function to a perfluoro-polymer chain also provides thermoplastic properties to the polymer, making thermal forming possible. This is a great technological advantage for producing a large variety of shapes (e.g., beakers, funnels, flasks for laboratory uses, etc...) and allows extrusion of highly chemically-resistant tubing. It also confers on the polymer a translucent appearance.

Ether
In organic chemistry, ethers are a class of compounds that contain an ether group, a single oxygen atom bonded to two separate carbon atoms, each part of an organyl group (e.g., alkyl or aryl). They have the general formula R−O−R′, where R and R′ represent the organyl groups. Ethers can again be classified into two varieties: if the organyl groups are the same on both sides of the oxygen atom, then it is a simple or symmetrical ether, whereas if they are different, the ethers are called mixed or unsymmetrical ethers. A typical example of the first group is the solvent and anaesthetic diethyl ether, commonly referred to simply as "ether" (CH3−CH2−O−CH2−CH3). Ethers are common in organic chemistry and even more prevalent in biochemistry, as they are common linkages in carbohydrates and lignin.
Legislative districts of Palawan
The legislative districts of Palawan are the representations of the province of Palawan and the highly urbanized city of Puerto Princesa in the various national legislatures of the Philippines. The province and the city are currently represented in the lower house of the Congress of the Philippines through their first, second, and third congressional districts.

Interim Batasang Pambansa
The Interim Batasang Pambansa (IBP; English: Interim National Assembly) was the legislature of the Republic of the Philippines from its inauguration on June 12, 1978, to June 5, 1984. It served as a transitional legislative body mandated by the 1973 Constitution as the Philippines shifted from a presidential to a semi-presidential form of government.

The IBP was preceded by the Interim National Assembly that briefly was the de jure body established in the original text of the 1973 Constitution, was never convened and effectively superseded by a series of nine constitutional amendments ratified through a referendum plebiscite held from October 16 to 17, 1976.
Finally Famous Vol. 3: Big
Finally Famous Vol. 3: Big is the third mixtape by American rapper Big Sean. It was released as a free online download on August 31, 2010, by Kanye West's label GOOD Music. The production was handled from Sean himself, alongside label boss West, Clinton Sparks and No I.D., while guest appearances on the project include Bun B, Big K.R.I.T., YG, Drake, Asher Roth, Mike Posner, Tyga and Currensy.

The album's lyrical content largely deals with Sean's history and his recent fame, with the focus mainly being on his burgeoning music career. On January 3, 2011, the mixtape was re-released through GOOD music's official blog, where it included these three additional reissued tracks, and the tape has been lacking the Don Cannon's voice-overs, as well as the bonus track, which features Kanye West.

Bun B
Bernard James Freeman (born March 19, 1973), known professionally as Bun B, is an American rapper. He is best known as one half of the Southern rap duo UGK (Underground Kingz), which he formed in 1987 alongside Pimp C. Aside from his work with UGK, Bun B has released five solo albums, including 2010's Trill OG, which received the rare 5-mic rating from The Source.
Saint-Élie
Saint-Élie (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃t‿eli]; French Guianese Creole: Sentéli) is a commune of French Guiana, an overseas department and region of France in South America. In 1930, Saint-Élie became capital of the Inini territory. From 1953 onward, the commune was called Centre. In 1969, it was renamed to Saint-Élie.

French Guianese Creole
French Guianese Creole (Kriyòl; also called variously Guianan Creole, Guianese Creole in English and Créole guyanais in French) is a French-based creole language spoken in French Guiana, and to a lesser degree, in Suriname and Brazil. It resembles Antillean Creole, but there are some lexical and grammatical differences between them. Antilleans can generally understand French Guianese Creole, though there may be some instances of confusion. The differences consist of more French and Brazilian Portuguese influences (due to the proximity of Brazil and Portuguese presence in the country for several years). There are also words of Amerindian and African origin. There are French Guianese communities in Suriname and Brazil who continue to speak the language.

It should not be confused with the Guyanese Creole language, based on English, spoken in nearby Guyana.
Chica Umino
Chica Umino (羽海野 チカ, Umino Chika; born August 30, 1965) is the pen name of a pseudonymous Japanese manga artist, designer and illustrator.

Umino is noted for being the author and creator of the Honey and Clover series, for which she received the Kodansha Manga Award in 2003, and which has been adapted into an anime series, produced by J.C.Staff.

Kodansha Manga Award
The Kodansha Manga Award (講談社漫画賞, Kōdansha Manga Shō) is one of Japan's major manga awards. The event is sponsored by publisher Kodansha. It has been awarded annually for serialized manga in its third iteration since 1977.
Mont Rogneux
Mont Rogneux is a mountain of the Swiss Pennine Alps, overlooking Liddes in the canton of Valais. It is a mountain located north of the Petit Combin and Grand Combin. Facing the Verbier ski resort and neighbouring the Bruson lifts.

Verbier
Verbier (French pronunciation: [vɛʁbje]) is a village located in south-western Switzerland in the canton of Valais. It is a holiday resort and ski area in the Swiss Alps and is recognised as one of the premier off-piste resorts in the world. Some areas are covered with snow all year. Skiers have settled in the Verbier area in order to take advantage of the steep slopes, varied conditions, and resort culture.
Hyperhomocysteinemia
Hyperhomocysteinemia is a medical condition characterized by an abnormally high level of total homocysteine (that is, including homocystine and homocysteine-cysteine disulfide) in the blood, conventionally described as above 15 μmol/L.

As a consequence of the biochemical reactions in which homocysteine is involved, deficiencies of
vitamin B6, folic acid (vitamin B9), and vitamin B12 can lead to high homocysteine levels. Other possible causes of hyperhomocysteinemia include genetics, excessive methionine intake, and other diseases.

Hyperhomocysteinemia is typically managed with vitamin B6, vitamin B9 and vitamin B12 supplementation. Hyperhomocysteinemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease; supplements of these vitamins may slightly reduce stroke outcome but not myocardial infarction, death from any cause or adverse events.

Homocystine
Homocystine is the organosulfur compound with the formula (HO2CCH(NH2)CH2CH2S)2. It is disulfide derived from oxidation of homocysteine. Its relationship with homocysteine is analogous to the relationship between cystine and cysteine.
Labyrinth (marble game)
Labyrinth is a game of physical skill consisting of a box with a maze on top with holes, and a steel marble. The object of the game is to try to tilt the playfield to guide the marble to the end of the maze, without letting it fall into any of the holes. Some versions of the game feature a suspended maze surface that rotates on two axles, each of which is controlled by a knob. Small handheld versions of the game are sold, with the box being completely closed with a transparent cover on top.

The game was developed by BRIO in Sweden and first released there in 1946. It was introduced to the United States by BRIO around 1950. Similar games are offered in the US by a number of companies, due to it never being properly copyrighted there (according to one such company).

Brio (company)
Brio (stylized BRIO) is a wooden toy company founded in Sweden. The company was founded in the small town of Boalt, Scania, Götaland in 1884 by basket maker Ivar Bengtsson. For a long time the company was based in Osby, Scania, in southern Sweden. In 1908 Ivar's three sons took the company over and gave it the name "BRIO", which is an acronym for: BRöderna ('the brothers') Ivarsson (in) Osby. In 2006 BRIO moved its headquarters to Malmö, Scania. It is best known for its wooden toy trains, sold in Europe since 1958.
Ascholius
Saint Ascholius  (Ἀσχόλιος, d. 383/4) was Bishop of Thessalonica from AD 379 until his death, at the time of the adoption of Christianity as the state religion of the Roman Empire. 
He baptized Emperor Theodosius I.
Ascholius  was appointed Bishop of Thessalonica by  Damasus, Bishop of Rome in an attempt to preserve Roman influence over the area in the face of a policy of expansion pursued by the Bishop of Constantinople.
Ascholius was present at the First Council of Constantinople in 381
where the claims of Maximus the Cynic to the bishopric of Constantinople were rejected.

Metropolis of Thessaloniki
The Metropolis of Thessaloniki (Greek: Ιερά Μητρόπολις Θεσσαλονίκης) is a Greek Orthodox metropolitan see based in the city of Thessaloniki in Central Macedonia, Greece. It is part of the so-called "New Lands", belonging to the jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople but being administered by the Church of Greece. The see traces its history to its foundation by the Apostle Paul in the 1st century. Since 2023, the incumbent metropolitan is Filotheos Theocharis.
Oval with Points
Oval with Points is a series of enigmatic abstract sculptures by British sculptor Henry Moore, made in plaster and bronze from 1968 to 1970, from a 14-centimetre (5.5 in) maquette in 1968 (LH 594) made in plaster and then cast in bronze, through a 110-centimetre (43 in) working model in 1968–1969 (LH 595) also made plaster and then cast in bronze, to a full-size 332-centimetre (131 in) bronze version cast in 1969 (LH 596).

Maquette
A maquette is a scale model or rough draft of an unfinished sculpture or work of architecture. The term is a loanword from French. An equivalent term is bozzetto, a diminutive of the Italian word for a sketch.
Shanxi architecture
Shanxi architecture, or Shansi architecture, or Jin architecture, refers to the architectural style of the Shanxi province in northern China. Shanxi has preserved numerous ancient architectures scattered throughout the province. All of the three remaining wooden structures preserved from Tang dynasty in China are found in Shanxi. The old buildings of Pingyao ancient city and numerous family compounds of Shanxi merchants in the Ming and Qing dynasties are representative of the architecture styles of vernacular architecture in North China. Religious temples in Mount Wutai and Yungang Grottoes in Datong exemplify the sacred buddhist architecture in China.

Tianlongshan Grottoes
The Tianlongshan Grottoes (Chinese: 天龙山石窟; pinyin: Tiānlóngshān Shíkū, English translation: Mountain of the Heavenly Dragon) are caves located in Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China, that are notable for the Buddhist temples located within them. The temple complex spans two mountains: there are eight grottoes on the eastern mountain and 13 on the western mountain. The complex was constructed over a number of centuries, from the northern Qi dynasty until the Tang dynasty, and contains Buddhist art of high historic importance. The majority of the caves date to the Tang dynasty. The caves have been designated by the government as a Major Historical and Cultural Site Protected at the National Level.
Pakistan TV
Pakistan TV (also Pakistan TV Digital), formerly PTV World, is a 24-hour Pakistani English-language international news channel. It is a state-owned channel as a part of Pakistan Television Corporation. The service is also aimed at the overseas market and broadcast through satellite and online platforms similar to BBC World News, Arirang TV, TRT World,  Deutsche Welle, ANC, France 24, CGTN, VOA, NHK World-Japan, RT.

News broadcasting
News broadcasting is the medium of broadcasting various news events and other information via television, radio, or the internet in the field of broadcast journalism. The content is usually either produced locally in a radio studio or television studio newsroom, or by a broadcast network. A news broadcast may include material such as sports coverage, weather forecasts, traffic reports, political commentary, expert opinions, editorial content, and other material that the broadcaster feels is relevant to their audience. An individual news program is typically reported in a series of individual stories that are presented by one or more anchors. A frequent inclusion is live or recorded interviews by field reporters.
Sach language
Sách is a Vietic language spoken by the Sách people of Quảng Bình province, Vietnam, where it is spoken in Minh Hóa, Tuyên Hóa, and Bố Trạch districts. Sách is the most widely spoken of the Chut languages and is more heavily influenced by Vietnamese than the other Chut languages.

Sách villages include Lâm Hóa, Hóa Tiến, Lâm Sum, Hóa Hợp, Hóa Lương, and Thượng Hóa.

Minh Hóa district
Minh Hóa (listenⓘ) is a district in Quảng Bình province, in the North Central Coast region of Vietnam. This district is composed of one townlet (Quy Đạt, district capital) and 15 communes (xã): Xuân Hóa, Yên Hóa, Trung Hóa, Tân Hóa, Minh Hóa, Hồng Hóa, Hóa Tiến, Hóa Hợp, Hóa Sơn, Hóa Phúc, Hóa Thanh, Dân Hóa, Thượng Hóa, Trọng Hóa and Quy Hóa.

As of 2017 the district had a population of 50,708. The district covers an area of 1,401 km2 (541 sq mi). The district capital lies at Quy Đạt.
JBPM
jBPM (Java Business Process Model) is an open-source workflow engine written in Java that can execute business processes described in BPMN 2.0 (or its own process definition language jPDL in earlier versions). jBPM is a toolkit for building business applications to help automate business processes and decisions. It's sponsored by Red Hat, part of the JBoss community and closely related to the Drools and OptaPlanner projects in the KIE group. It is released under the ASL (or LGPL in earlier versions) by the JBoss company.

CMMN
Case Management Model and Notation (CMMN) is a graphical representation for graphically expressing a Case, as well as an interchange format for exchanging Case models among different tools.

In this context: "A Case is a proceeding that involves actions taken regarding a subject in a particular situation to achieve a desired outcome" and it is derived from the concept of case management used e.g. in the legal and medical worlds.

While BPMN deals with predictable processes, CMMN is more oriented to focus on supporting processes that are intrinsically unpredictable, not repeatable, weakly-structured, and knowledge-intensive.

CMMN can often require ad-hoc actions.

A consortium of 11 companies contributed to the development of CMMN, which is now being maintained by the Object Management Group. Version 1.0 of CMMN was released in May 2014 and amended by Version 1.1 in December 2016.
Codimension
In mathematics, codimension is a basic geometric idea that applies to subspaces in vector spaces, to submanifolds in manifolds, and suitable subsets of algebraic varieties.

For affine and projective algebraic varieties, the codimension equals the height of the defining ideal. For this reason, the height of an ideal is often called its codimension.

The dual concept is relative dimension.

Subset
In mathematics, a set A is a subset of a set B if and only if all elements of A are also elements of B; B is then a superset of A. It is possible for A and B to be equal; if they are unequal, then A is a proper subset of B. The relationship of one set being a subset of another is called inclusion (or sometimes containment). A is a subset of B may also be expressed as B includes (or contains) A or A is included (or contained) in B. A k-subset is a subset with k elements.

When quantified,  is represented as

One can prove the statement  by applying a proof technique known as the element argument:

Let sets A and B be given. To prove that 
suppose that a is a particular but arbitrarily chosen element of A
show that a is an element of B.

The validity of this technique can be seen as a consequence of universal generalization: the technique shows  for an arbitrarily chosen element c. Universal generalisation then implies  which is equivalent to  as stated above.