hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Italian ship Raimondo Montecuccoli
Raimondo Montecuccoli has been the name of at least two ships of the Italian Navy, named in honour of Raimondo Montecuccoli:

Italian cruiser Raimondo Montecuccoli, a Condottieri-class cruiser launched in 1934 and stricken in 1964

Italian offshore patrol vessel Raimondo Montecuccoli, a Thaon di Revel-class offshore patrol vessel launched in 2020

Thaon di Revel-class patrol vessel
The Thaon di Revel class (also known as PPA for 'Pattugliatore Polivalente d'Altura - Multipurpose Offshore Patrol Vessel') is a class of frigate built by Fincantieri for the Italian Navy.

It is planned to replace four Soldati-class light patrol frigates and eight Minerva-class corvettes between 2021 and 2035. As part of the 2014 Naval Law, a total of sixteen ships were planned and as of 2019 seven vessels have been financed with three more on option, not executed. European Patrol Corvette, a class of lighter ships built into an EU cooperation should complete the Italian Navy needs.

In March 2024, the Indonesian Ministry of Defense signed a contract with Fincantieri for the acquisition of two of the ships under construction for the Italian Navy. In June 2025, the Italian Navy ordered two ships to replace the ships sold to Indonesia, the ships are to be in light+ configuration.
Aati kalenja
Aati Kalenja is an ancient traditional folk art form practiced by Tulu people from the region of Tulu Nadu, India, which is believed to bring prosperity during Aati which is one of the months in Tulu calendar. It normally comes in the months of July and August.

Tulu calendar
Tulu Calendar (also known as Varsa, Vorsa or Vodu) is a traditional Indian solar calendar, generally used in the regions of Northern Parts of Kasaragod District of Kerala, and Dakshina Kannada, Udupi Districts of Karnataka, India. The indigenous or Tulu speaking people of Tulu Nadu, Tuluvas who migrated from this region to other places, are the common followers of this calendar system. The first day of this calendar falls on Bisu (middle of the Gregorian month of April). The first day of a Tulu Month is called as Thingade / Singade and the last day known as Sankrathi Day.
Kozukappara execution grounds
The Kozukappara execution grounds (小塚原刑場, Kozukappara keijō) were one of the three sites in the vicinity of Edo (the forerunner of present-day Tokyo, Japan) where the Tokugawa shogunate executed criminals in the Edo period. Alternate romanized spellings are Kozukahara and Kotsukappara.

The site is located in modern Minami Senju, Arakawa, Tokyo, a three-minute walk away from Minami-Senju Station. Located next to Enmeiji Temple, a large part of the grounds are now covered by railway tracks.

It is estimated that between 100,000 and 200,000 people were executed here. Those executed include Hashimoto Sanai and Yoshida Shōin, who were executed as a result of the Ansei Purge.

Sugita Genpaku, Nakagawa Jun'an, Katsuragawa Hoshū and their colleagues studied anatomy by conducting dissections at Kozukappara.

Kozukappara began operation in 1651, and continued until the Meiji period. Executions were stopped in an attempt to convince Western powers to end the unequal treaties with Japan.

Nakagawa Jun'an
Nakagawa Jun'an (中川 淳庵, 1739 – 2 July 1786) was a Japanese medical doctor, botanist, and scholar of rangaku (Western learning). He was a junior colleague of Sugita Genpaku, with whom he studied and worked in Obama Domain, Wakasa Province, a center for Western medicine in Edo period Japan. Along with Sugita and Maeno Ryōtaku　(前野 良沢), Nakagawa prepared Kaitai Shinsho, a translation of the Dutch "New Book of Anatomy." Nakagawa was very active in circles of rangaku scholars, and is said to have played an important role in the field's progression and advancement.
Sofia Miliband
Sofia Davidovna Miliband (Russian: Софья Давидовна Милибанд; 17 July 1922, Moscow – 12 February 2017, Moscow) was a Russian Orientalist and Iranist, author, Doctor of Sciences of history and bibliography.

She was born to David Osipovich Miliband and his wife. Her ancestor Mikhl was a cantonist in Tallinn, while other ancestors lived at Warsaw.

She graduated from the oriental studies department of the MSU Faculty of History and became a research fellow at the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences working as an Iranist.

She is a second cousin of British Labour Party politicians, David and Ed Miliband.

Bibliography
Bibliography (from Ancient Greek: βιβλίον, romanized: biblion, lit. 'book' and -γραφία, -graphía, 'writing'), as a discipline, is traditionally the academic study of books as physical, cultural objects; in this sense, it is also known as bibliology (from Ancient Greek: -λογία, romanized: -logía). English author and bibliographer John Carter describes bibliography as a word having two senses: one, a list of books for further study or of works consulted by an author (or enumerative bibliography); the other one, applicable for collectors, is "the study of books as physical objects" and "the systematic description of books as objects" (or descriptive bibliography).
Ilse Kaschube
Ilse Kaschube (later Zeisler; born 25 June 1953 in Altentreptow, Bezirk Neubrandenburg) is an East German canoe sprinter who competed in the early 1970s. She won a silver medal in the K-2 500 m event at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich.

Kaschube also won two gold medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with one in the K-2 500 m event (1973) and one in the K-4 500 m event (1974).

1973 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships
The 1973 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships were held in lake Kaukajärvi, Tampere, Finland. Kaukajärvi Canoe/Kayak venue on map..

The men's competition consisted of six Canadian (single paddle, open boat) and nine kayak events. Three events were held for the women, all in kayak.

This was the tenth championships in canoe sprint.
Baek Dong-hoon
Baek Min-gi (Korean: 백민기; Hanja: 白珉基; born September 16, 1990) is a South Korean former outfielder for the Doosan Bears of the KBO League. He graduated from Chung-Ang University. He joined the Lotte Giants in the draft in 2013. He played in the Lotte Giants from 2013 to 2015. In 2017, he was named and traded as a compensation player for Min Byung-hun, who moved from Doosan Bears to Lotte Giants through the FA.

KBO League
The KBO League (Korean: KBO 리그) is a professional baseball league in South Korea. The league comprises ten teams. The KBO League was founded with six franchises in 1982 and is the most popular sports league in South Korea. The Kia Tigers are the most successful team, having won 12 of the 44 championships.

In comparison with American Major League Baseball, ESPN reports that the KBO level of play "appears to be somewhere between Double-A and Triple-A, on average, though the best players are more likely to be MLB-quality than your typical Double-A league." Historically, the KBO is known for its vocal and exuberant fan base, as well as the widespread practice of bat flips (ppa-dun (Korean: 빠던), a portmanteau of the "first syllables of the words for 'bat' and 'throw'") by hitters after striking what they think will be a home run. In the KBO, the bat flipping tradition dates to the 1990s.
Manuel Sérgio
Manuel Sérgio Vieira e Cunha  (20 April 1933 – 19 February 2025) was a Portuguese philosopher of sport, academic, activist and politician, specialized in the field of human kinetics.

In the 1990s, Manuel Sérgio was involved in Portuguese politics. He was the first president of the National Solidarity Party, and was elected to the Assembly of the Republic following the 1991 legislative elections, where he stayed for only one legislature until 1995.

Sérgio died on 19 February 2025, at the age of 91.

Philosophy of sport
Philosophy of sport is an area of philosophy that seeks to conceptually analyze issues of sport as human activity. These issues cover many areas, but fall primarily into five philosophical categories: metaphysics, ethics and moral philosophy, philosophy of law, political philosophy and aesthetics. The philosophical perspective on sport originated in Ancient Greece, having experienced a revival in the latter part of the 20th century with the work of Paul Weiss and Howard Slusher.

A philosophical perspective on sports incorporates its metaphysical relationships with art and play, ethical issues of virtue and fairness, and is more broadly sociopolitical.
Bulthaup
Bulthaup GmbH & Co. KG (stylised as bulthaup) is a German kitchen furniture manufacturer based in Aich, a district of Bodenkirchen near Landshut. The company is family-run in third generation and as of 2023 records revenues of over 100 million euros – over 83% of which is accounted for by exports.

Modularity
Modularity is the degree to which a system's components may be separated and recombined, often with the benefit of flexibility and variety in use. The concept of modularity is used primarily to reduce complexity by breaking a system into varying degrees of interdependence and independence across and "hide the complexity of each part behind an abstraction and interface". However, the concept of modularity can be extended to multiple disciplines, each with their own nuances. Despite these nuances, consistent themes concerning modular systems can be identified.

Composability is one of the tenets of functional programming.  This makes functional programs modular.
Ramarama language
Ramarama, also known as Karo, is a Tupian language of Brazil.

Unusually for the indigenous languages of South America in general and Tupian in particular, Ramarama is a fairly analytic language, with limited affixation and a strict SOV word order. However, the language also displays complex processes of morphophonological alternation, segmental allophony, and interaction between segmental and suprasegmental phonology.

Reflexive pronoun
A reflexive pronoun is a pronoun that refers to another noun or pronoun (its antecedent) within the same sentence.

In the English language specifically, a reflexive pronoun will end in -self or -selves, and refer to a previously named noun or pronoun (myself, yourself, ourselves, themselves, etc.). English intensive pronouns, used for emphasis, take the same form.

In generative grammar, a reflexive pronoun is an anaphor that must be bound by its antecedent (see binding). In a general sense, it is a noun phrase that obligatorily gets its meaning from another noun phrase in the sentence. Different languages have different binding domains for reflexive pronouns, according to their structure.
Niall Bailey
Niall Patrick Joseph Bailey (20 March 1929 — 17 August 2019) was an Irish international rugby union player.

Born in Dublin, Bailey was a nephew of Ireland centre Aidan Bailey and attended Presentation College, Bray.

Bailey, a wing three-quarter, played his rugby in England, where he moved aged 18. He first competed with Northampton, scoring 74 tries from 156 appearances, then for Warwickshire clubs Coventry and Kenilworth. In 1952, Bailey was capped for Ireland in a Five Nations match against England at Twickenham, used on the right wing.

Bailey ran a building company in Warwickshire, acquired by Grafton Group in 1999 for £13.5 million.

Grafton Group
Grafton Group plc is a builders merchants business headquartered in Ireland and operating in the United Kingdom and Ireland. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange, and is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index.
Pizzo di Vernà
Pizzo di Vernà (also known as Montagna di Vernà, Pizzo Polo, Muntagna i Po) (1287 m) is a peak of the Peloritani Mountains, located in the province of Messina, Sicily. It is located in the South Western part of the Peloritani range in the territories of Antillo, Casalvecchio Siculo and Fondachelli-Fantina.
It is a difficult peak to climb because of the typical Mediterranean vegetation on its slopes, unless you take the path on the East wall. It is visited for its stunning landscape: from the top it’s possible to view Mount Etna, mount Rocca di Salvatesta, the Ionian coast and the Tyrrhenian coast. From Fondachelli-Fantina it is possible to see the Montagna di Vernà shining in the afternoon, lit by the sun. The mountain has been designated a Site of Community Importance (SIC).

Casalvecchio Siculo
Casalvecchio Siculo (Sicilian: Casalvecchiu Sìculu) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Messina in the Italian region Sicily, located about 170 kilometres (110 mi) east of Palermo and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) southwest of Messina.
Koo Chen-fu
Koo Chen-fu (Chinese: 辜振甫; pinyin: Gū Zhènfǔ; Wade–Giles: Ku Chen-fu; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Ko͘ Chín-hú, 6 January 1917 – 3 January 2005), also known as C.F. Koo, was a Taiwanese businessman, diplomat, and film producer. He led the Koos Group of companies from 1940 until his death. As a chairman of the Straits Exchange Foundation (SEF), Koo arranged the first direct talks between Taiwan and the People’s Republic of China since 1949 and served as Taiwan's negotiator in both the 1993 and 1998 Wang-Koo summit.

He was also a film producer and produced a number of Taiwanese films between 1973 and 1982, such as Love, Love, Love (1974), Eight Hundred Heroes (1975), Heroes of the Eastern Skies (1977), The Coldest Winter in Peking (1981), and Attack Force Z (1982).

Heroes of the Eastern Skies
Heroes of the Eastern Skies (Chinese: 筧橋英烈傳; pinyin: jianqiao yinglie zhuan; lit. 'Heroic Martyrs of Jianqiao'), is a Chinese war drama filmed in Taiwan, R.O.C. and based on the true story of a small group of Chinese flying aces in 1937 at the beginning of the Second Sino-Japanese War, specifically depicting events in the Battle of Shanghai, Battle of Nanking and the Battle of Taierzhuang; the movie was released on 7 July 1977 in commemoration of the 7/7 Incident which sparked the start World War II in Asia.

The movie recounts the combat actions between the Chinese Air Force and the invading air power of Imperial Japan with the flashpoint of the airwar set at Jianqiao Airbase, It won 6 awards at the 14th Golden Horse Awards, including Best Film and Best Director (Chang Tseng-tse).
Zsolt Varga (canoeist)
Zsolt Varga is a Hungarian sprint canoer who competed in the late 1980s. He won a silver medal in the C-4 500 m event at the 1989 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships in Plovdiv.

Philanthropy
After concluding his major canoe racing career, he became a well-regarded supporter of children's rights and donated $79,000 to the Dream Foundation.

Plovdiv
Plovdiv (Bulgarian: Пловдив, pronounced [ˈpɫɔvdif]) is the second-largest city in Bulgaria and the most populous city in the Bulgarian part of the historic region of Thrace, located 144 km (93 miles) southeast of the capital Sofia. It had a population of 329,489 as of 2024 and 540,000 in its greater metropolitan area. An important economic, transport, cultural, and educational hub of Bulgaria, Plovdiv was the European Capital of Culture in 1999 and 2019, and joined the UNESCO Global Network of Learning Cities in 2016.
Murray Leibbrandt
Murray Leibbrandt is professor, NRF Chair in Poverty and Inequality Research - and Director of the Southern Africa Labour and Development Research Unit at the University of Cape Town. He is a South African academic economist studying labour markets, trends in inequality, and poverty in South Africa. He is a fellow at the IZA Institute of Labor Economics.

IZA Institute of Labor Economics
The IZA – Institute of Labor Economics (German: Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit), was a private, independent economic research institute and academic network focused on the analysis of global labor markets and headquartered in Bonn. It existed between 1998 and 2025.
Bartlett Inlet
Bartlett Inlet is a largely ice-filled inlet, about 16 nautical miles (30 km) wide, indenting the north coast of Edward VII Peninsula just east of Cape Colbeck. It was mapped from surveys by the United States Geological Survey and from U.S. Navy air photos (1959–65), and named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Lieutenant Eugene F. Bartlett, MC, U.S. Navy, officer in charge at Byrd Station, 1960.

Byrd Station
The Byrd Station is a former research station established by the United States during the International Geophysical Year (1957) by U.S. Navy Seabees during Operation Deep Freeze II in West Antarctica. It was a year-round base until 1972, and then seasonal up to 2005. The station is located on the West Antarctic ice cap. It was accessible by overland ice traverse or by ski-equipped C-130 aircraft.
Konya vilayet
The Vilayet of Konya (Ottoman Turkish: ولايت قونيه, romanized: Vilâyet-i Konya) was a first-level administrative division (vilayet) of the Ottoman Empire in Asia Minor which included the whole, or parts of, the ancient regions of Pamphylia, Pisidia, Phrygia, Lycaonia, Cilicia and Cappadocia.

Pamphylia
Pamphylia (/pæmˈfɪliə/; Ancient Greek: Παμφυλία, Pamphylía Turkish: Pamfilya) was a region in the south of Asia Minor in Western Asia, between Lycia and Cilicia, extending from the Mediterranean to Mount Taurus (all in modern-day Antalya province, Turkey). It was bounded on the north by Pisidia and was therefore a country of small extent, having a coast-line of only about 120 km (75 miles) with a breadth of about 50 km (30 miles). Under the Roman administration the term Pamphylia was extended so as to include Pisidia and the whole tract up to the frontiers of Phrygia and Lycaonia, and in this wider sense it is employed by Ptolemy.
PDE10A
cAMP and cAMP-inhibited cGMP 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 10A is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PDE10A gene.

Various cellular responses are regulated by the second messengers cAMP and cGMP. Phosphodiesterases, such as PDE10A, eliminate cAMP- and cGMP-mediated intracellular signaling by hydrolyzing the cyclic nucleotide to the corresponding nucleoside 5-prime monophosphate.

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP, cyclic AMP, or 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate) is a second messenger, or cellular signal occurring within cells, that is important in many biological processes. cAMP is a derivative of  adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and used for intracellular signal transduction in many different organisms, conveying the cAMP-dependent pathway.
Love Is Gonna Get You (song)
"Love Is Gonna Get You" (also known as "Love Is Gonna Get Ya") is a song by American singer and songwriter Macy Gray, released as the only single from her greatest hits album, The Very Best of Macy Gray (2004).

"Love Is Gonna Get You" was only released as a promotional single in the United Kingdom. Nevertheless, the song was given a full commercial release in Austria and the Netherlands with a live version of "I Try" as its B-side. The song was Gray's final release for Epic Records, and no music video was produced to back the single release. The song's official UK release date was originally set for August 16, 2004, however, the release was Gray's second consecutive single release to be canceled there.

The song was used as the opening theme song for the 2003 NBC series Miss Match.

Miss Match
Miss Match is an American comedy-drama television series created by Jeff Rake and Darren Star and produced by Imagine Television, Darren Star Productions, and 20th Century Fox Television. It aired in the United States on NBC from September 26 to December 15, 2003. Seventeen episodes of the series were filmed, with eleven aired in the United States.

Starring Alicia Silverstone and Ryan O'Neal, the show garnered poor ratings, which could have been due to its inability to compete in the Friday 8 pm ET timeslot (the "Friday night death slot"). It was based on the real-life story of Samantha Daniels.
Diocesan Museum of Amalfi
40°37′48″N 14°36′0″E﻿ / ﻿40.63000°N 14.60000°E﻿ / 40.63000; 14.60000
The Diocesan Museum of Amalfi (Museo Diocesano di Amalfi) is an art museum housed in the 9th century Basilica del Crocifisso di Amalfi (Basilica of the Crucifix) in Amalfi. It displays many of the treasures of the Archdiocese of Amalfi-Cava de' Tirreni and is centrally located close to Amalfi Cathedral in Via Salita Episcopio.

Art museum
An art museum, or art gallery, is an organization, usually with buildings or spaces for the display of art from the museum's own collection. It might be in public or private ownership, be accessible to all, or have restrictions in place. Although primarily concerned with visual art, art museums are often used as a venue for other cultural exchanges and artistic activities, such as lectures, jewelry, performance arts, music concerts, or poetry readings. Art museums also frequently host themed temporary exhibitions, which often include items on loan from other collections.
Kibi District, Okayama
Kibi (吉備郡, Kibi-gun) is a district located in Okayama Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the district has an estimated population of 22,927 and a density of 520.12 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,347.1/sq mi). The total area is 44.08 km2 (17.02 sq mi).

Districts of Japan
In Japan, a district (郡, gun) is composed of one or more rural municipalities (towns or villages) within a prefecture. Districts have no governing function, and are only used for geographic or statistical purposes such as mailing addresses. Cities are not part of districts.

Historically, districts have at times functioned as an administrative unit.  From 1878 to 1921 district governments were roughly equivalent to a county of the United States, ranking below prefecture and above town or village, on the same level as a city. District governments were entirely abolished by 1926.
Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Bayelsa
The Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Bayelsa comprises three Senators representing Bayelsa Central, Bayelsa East, and Bayelsa West, and five Representatives representing Sagbama/ekeremor, Ogbia, Southern Ijaw, Bayelsa Central, and Brass/Nembe.

House of Representatives (Nigeria)
The House of Representatives (also called Green Chamber) is the lower chamber of Nigeria's bicameral National Assembly. The Senate is the upper chamber.

The Green Chamber has 360 members who are elected in single-member constituencies using the plurality (or first-past-the-post) system, most recently in 2023. Members serve four-year terms. The presiding officer of the house is the Speaker, currently Tajudden Abbas (as of May 2024).
Lambert Massart
Joseph Lambert Massart (19 July 1811 – 13 February 1892) was a Belgian violinist who has been credited with the origination of the systematic vibrato. He compiled The Art of Working at Kreutzer's Etudes, a supplement that contains 412 fingerings and bowings taken from his time studying with Rodolphe Kreutzer. He was an excellent String quartet player who gave many delightful chamber concerts, having also played Beethoven's Kreutzer Sonata in A minor with Franz Liszt on 23 May 1843.

Violin Sonata No. 9 (Beethoven)
The Violin Sonata No. 9 in A major, Op. 47, by Ludwig van Beethoven, is an 1803 sonata for piano and violin notable for its technical difficulty, unusual length (around 40 minutes), and emotional scope. It is commonly known as the Kreutzer Sonata (German: Kreutzer-Sonate) after the violinist Rodolphe Kreutzer, to whom it was ultimately dedicated, but who thoroughly disliked the piece and refused to play it.