hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Damnum absque injuria
In law, damnum absque injuria (Latin for "loss or damage without injury") is the principle of tort law in which some person (natural or legal) causes damage or loss to another, but does not injure them. For example, opening a burger stand near someone else's may cause them to lose customers, but this in itself does not give rise to a cause of action for the original burger stand owner.

Legal person
In law, a legal person is any person or legal entity that can do the things a human person is usually able to do in law – such as enter into contracts, sue and be sued, own property, and so on. The reason for the term "legal person" is that some legal persons are not human persons: companies and corporations (i.e., business entities) are persons, legally speaking (they can legally do most of the things an ordinary person can do), but they are not, in a literal sense, human beings.

Legal personhood is a prerequisite to legal capacity (the ability of any legal person to amend – i.e. enter into, transfer, etc. – rights and obligations): it is a prerequisite for an international organization being able to sign international treaties in its own name.
Chortomlyk Sich
47°31′41″N 34°13′05″E﻿ / ﻿47.52807°N 34.21803°E﻿ / 47.52807; 34.21803

The Chortomlyk Sich (also Old Sich) was a sich founded by Cossacks led by kish otaman Fedir Lutay in the summer of 1652 on the right bank of the Chortomlyk distributary of the Dnieper near the current village of Kapulivka.

The Sich lasted until May 25, 1709, when it was destroyed by Moscow's punitive expedition undertaken in response to the support of Hetman Ivan Mazepa by Zaporozhian Cossacks.

Kish otaman
A Kish otaman (Ukrainian: Кошовий отаман, romanized: Koshovyi otaman, also known as Koshovyi of Zaporozhian Host (Ukrainian: Кошовий Війська Запорозького) was the chief officer (otaman) of Kish of the Zaporozhian Sich in the 16th through 18th centuries.
Weir River (Manitoba)
The Weir River is a river in the Hudson Bay drainage basin in census division 23 in Northern Manitoba, Canada. Its flows from Weir Lake to the Nelson River as a left tributary, 70 kilometres (43 mi) upstream of that river's mouth at Hudson Bay.

There is a flag stop on the Hudson Bay Railway where it crosses the river. Canoeists and hikers can wait by a signpost to flag down the Via Rail Winnipeg–Churchill train.

Via Rail
Via Rail Canada Inc. (reporting mark VIA) (/ˈviːə/), operating as Via Rail or Via (stylized as VIA Rail), is a Canadian Crown corporation that operates intercity passenger rail service in Canada.

As of December 2023, Via Rail operates 406 trains per week  across eight Canadian provinces and 12,500 kilometres (7,800 mi) of track, 97 percent of which is owned and maintained by other railway companies, mostly by Canadian National Railway (CN). Via Rail carried approximately 4.1 million passengers in 2023, 96 percent of which were along the Corridor routes connecting the major cities of the Quebec City–Windsor Corridor, and had an on-time performance of 85.4 per cent. Attracting international tourism forms an important part of Via Rail's long distance trans-continental services.
Jamal Nazrul Islam
Jamal Nazrul Islam FRAS (24 February 1939 – 16 March 2013) was a Bangladeshi mathematical physicist and cosmologist. He was a professor at University of Chittagong, served as a member of the advisory board at Shahjalal University of Science and Technology and member of the syndicate at Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology until his death. He also served as the director of the Research Center for Mathematical and Physical Sciences (RCMPS) at the University of Chittagong. He was awarded Ekushey Padak in 2000 by the Government of Bangladesh.

Senior Cambridge
The Senior Cambridge examinations were General Certificate of Education examinations held in India, Jamaica, Malaysia, Pakistan, and Singapore. They were preceded by the Junior Cambridge and Preliminary Cambridge examinations.
Hiatt
Hiatt is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Brenda Hiatt, American author

Fred Hiatt (1955–2021), American journalist

Howard Hiatt (1925–2024), American medical researcher, father of Fred Hiatt

Jack Hiatt (born 1942), American former baseball player

John Hiatt (born 1952), American musician

Lester Hiatt (1931–2008), Australian anthropologist

Phil Hiatt (born 1969), American former baseball player

Ruth Hiatt (1906–1994), American actress

Sam Hiatt (born 1998), American soccer player

Shana Hiatt (born 1975), American model

Ruth Hiatt
Ruth Hiatt (born Ruth Redfern; January 6, 1906 – April 21, 1994) was an American actress in motion pictures beginning in the silent film era. She is best known for performing in 1920s comedies directed by Jack White, Norman Taurog, and Mack Sennett.
Israel national badminton team
The Israel national badminton team (Hebrew: נבחרת ישראל בבדמינטון) represents Israel in international badminton team competitions. The Israel Badminton Association controls the national team and the players' ability to join tournaments.

Israel participated in the 2019 Sudirman Cup and were placed into Group 3B, along with Canada, Germany and Singapore. The team faced the United States in the knockout stage and lost the tie 1-3. The team finished in 20th place. The men's and women's team participated in the European Men's and Women's Team Badminton Championships.

Israel also participates in para-badminton. Its national players Amir Levi and Nina Gorodetzky are world number one in the mixed doubles WH1-WH2 discipline.

Para-badminton
Para-badminton is a variant of badminton for athletes with a range of physical disabilities. Badminton World Federation (BWF) is the main governing body for para-badminton starting from June 2011. The sport was governed by Para Badminton World Federation (PBWF) until a unanimous decision to join BWF during a meeting in Dortmund in June 2011.In the wheelchair singles and SL3 classes a half court is used for play, with the area in front of the service line, near to the net, out of bounds. A full court is used for the SL4, SU5 and SH6 classes and all doubles matches. The height of the net is the same for all classes.
Benjamin Greene (politician)
Benjamin Greene (May 5, 1764 – October 15, 1837) was an American politician from Maine. Greene spent one term in the Maine House of Representatives in 1824. During his term, he served as Speaker of the House. He was a resident of South Berwick in York County.

Greene was born in Waltham, Massachusetts on May 5, 1764, and graduated from Harvard in 1784, where he studied divinity. He became a Unitarian minister in Medway, Massachusetts in 1788. In 1797 or 1798, Greene was hired as principal of Berwick Academy. He studied law with Dudley Hubbard and was admitted to the Maine Bar in 1801. He was a candidate in the 1801 Massachusetts's 14th congressional district special election, finishing last of three candidates with just under 10% of the vote. He died in Athens, Maine on October 15, 1837.

Maine House of Representatives
The Maine House of Representatives is the lower house of the Maine Legislature. The House consists of 151 voting members and three nonvoting members. The voting members represent an equal number of districts across the state and are elected via plurality voting. The nonvoting members represent three of Maine's Native American tribes, though one tribe (the Penobscot Nation) has declined to send a representative. Each voting member of the House represents around 9,000 citizens of the state. Because it is a part-time position, members of the Maine House of Representatives usually have outside employment as well. Members are limited to four consecutive terms of two years each, but may run again after two years.

The House meets at the Maine State House in Augusta.
Wonderboom (House of Assembly of South Africa constituency)
Wonderboom was a constituency in the Transvaal Province of South Africa, which existed from 1920 to 1994. It covered an area in the northern suburbs of Pretoria, the administrative capital of South Africa, centred on the suburb of Wonderboom. Throughout its existence it elected one member to the House of Assembly and one to the Transvaal Provincial Council.

Transvaal Provincial Council
The Transvaal Provincial Council was the provincial council of the Transvaal Province in South Africa. It was created by the South Africa Act 1909, from the formation of the Union of South Africa on 31 May 1910, and replaced the Transvaal Legislative Assembly which had been created through self-government in 1907. The first election to the provincial council took place on 15 September 1910 (also the day of the South African general election, 1910).

The Provincial Council continued to exist until 1986, when its functions were transferred to a strengthened executive authority appointed by the State President. The province itself was disbanded in 1994, when the provinces were reconstructed.
2011–12 SVB Hoofdklasse
The 2011–12 Surinamese Hoofdklasse will be the 79th season of the Surinamese Hoofdklasse, the highest football league competition of Suriname. The season will begin in either October or November 2011, and conclude in July 2012. Walking Bout Company are the defending regular stage champions, while Inter Moengotapoe are the defending playoff stage champions.

S.V. Walking Boyz Company
S.V. Walking Boyz Company (also SV WBC or WBC), was a Surinamese association football club based in Paramaribo. They have won the Surinamese Hoofdklasse title three times. The club play at the Essed Stadion with a capacity of 3,500 spectators, which is also the National Stadium and is shared with several clubs.
Barbara Demick
Barbara Demick is an American journalist. She was the Beijing bureau chief of the Los Angeles Times.   She is also known for her books Nothing to Envy: Ordinary Lives in North Korea, Eat the Buddha: Life and Death in a Tibetan Town, and Daughters of the Bamboo Grove: China’s Stolen Children and a Story of Separated Twins.

Asia Society
The Asia Society is a 501(c)(3) organization that focuses on educating the world about Asia. It has several centers in the United States (Manhattan, Washington, D.C., Houston, Los Angeles, San Francisco and Seattle) and around the world (Hong Kong, Manila, Seoul, Melbourne, Sydney, Tokyo, Mumbai, Delhi, Paris and Zurich). The Society's headquarters are in New York City, and includes a museum that exhibits pre-modern, modern, and contemporary art from Asia, Oceania and the Asian diaspora. Asia Society also publishes an online magazine, ChinaFile.

In January 2024, Kyung-wha Kang, who served as the first female Minister of Foreign Affairs of South Korea, from 2017 to 2021, was named its president and CEO, effective in April 2024. Asia Society has been described as a participant in the Chinese Communist Party's "backchannel" diplomatic efforts.
Bells for the South Side
Bells for the South Side is a double album by American jazz saxophonist Roscoe Mitchell, which was recorded live in 2015 at Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago in the context of The Freedom Principle, a 50th-anniversary exhibition devoted to the Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians, and released on ECM.

ECM Records
ECM (Edition of Contemporary Music) is an independent record label founded by Karl Egger, Manfred Eicher and Manfred Scheffner in Munich in 1969. While ECM is best known for jazz music, the label has released a variety of recordings, and ECM's artists often refuse to acknowledge boundaries between genres. ECM's motto is "the most beautiful sound next to silence", taken from a 1971 review of ECM releases in Coda, a Canadian jazz magazine.

ECM has been distributed in the U.S. by Warner Bros. Records, PolyGram Records, BMG, and, since 1999, Universal Music, the successor of PolyGram, worldwide. Its album covers were profiled in two books: Sleeves of Desire and Windfall Light, both published by Lars Müller.
Show! Audio Jockey
Show! Audio Jockey (Korean: 쇼! 오디오자키) was a South Korean variety show program on tvN starring Park Myeong-su, Sung Si-kyung, So Yoo-jin, Boom and 4 members from Monsta X (Wonho, Minhyuk, Yoo Ki-hyun and Lee Joo-heon). It aired on tvN starting on March 17, 2019, and aired its last episode on June 30, 2019. It was broadcast by tvN on Sundays at 18:10 (KST).

Kihyun
Yoo Ki-hyun (Korean: 유기현, born November 22, 1993), known mononymously as Kihyun, is a South Korean singer and songwriter. He is a member of the South Korean boy group Monsta X under Starship Entertainment. He made his solo debut with the single album Voyager in 2022, in addition to having recorded numerous original soundtracks for South Korean television dramas.
Tor Brostigen
Tor Brostigen (born 6 August 1957) is a Norwegian politician for the Socialist Left Party.

He finished secondary school in 1976, and worked as a firefighter in Oslo from 1978 to 1988. From 1989 to 1995 he worked in Nei til EU, and from 1998 to 2009 he was an adviser in the Socialist Left Party. On 1 January 2010 he was hired as State Secretary in the Norwegian Office of the Prime Minister.

Examen artium
Examen artium was the name of the academic certification conferred in Denmark and Norway, qualifying the student for admission to university studies. Examen artium was originally introduced as the entrance exam of the University of Copenhagen in 1630. The University of Copenhagen was the only university of Denmark-Norway until The Royal Frederick University in Christiania was founded in 1811.

In Norway, examen artium was formally discontinued after the 1982 class (but the term is still sometimes used informally to denote the diploma from today's videregående skole).
James Hamper
James Michael Hamper (born June 15, 1955) is an American politician and carpenter from Maine. Hamper is a Republican State Senator from Maine's 19th District, representing parts of Cumberland and Oxford Counties, including his residence of Oxford. Hamper earned a A.A. from the University of Maine at Augusta in 2001. He was first elected to the Maine House of Representatives in 2004 and was unable to run for re-election in 2012 due to term-limits. From 2010 to 2012, Hamper served as the House chairman of the Legislature's Environment and Natural Resources Committee and a member of the Energy, Utilities and Technology Committee. In 2012, he was elected to the Maine Senate, replacing fellow Republican David Hastings.

Hamper is a practicing carpenter in Otisfield, Maine and a member of the Oxford Advent Christian Church, an evangelical church in Oxford.

Otisfield, Maine
Otisfield is a town in Oxford County, Maine, United States. Otisfield is included in the Lewiston-Auburn, Maine metropolitan New England city and town area. The population was 1,853 at the 2020 census. Otisfield is a summer recreation area and home to Seeds of Peace Camp and Camp Arcadia.
Sweet Dreams (1981 film)
Sweet Dreams (Italian: Sogni d'oro, also known as Golden Dreams) is a 1981 Italian comedy-drama film directed, written and starring Nanni Moretti.
It entered the 38th Venice International Film Festival, in which won the Special Jury Prize.

Piera Degli Esposti
Piera Degli Esposti (12 March 1938 – 14 August 2021) was an Italian actress. She appeared in more than 70 films and television shows from 1966 to 2020. In 2009, she won the David di Donatello for Best Supporting Actress for her role of Mrs. Enea in Il divo. Degli Esposti co-wrote Marco Ferreri's 1983 film The Story of Piera, which was based on a book-length conversation with writer Dacia Maraini about Degli Esposti's own life, childhood and coming of age experience in Post-War Italy.
Yeinny Geles
Yeinny Norela Geles Moreno (born 6 December 1997) is a Colombian weightlifter. She won the silver medal in the women's 87 kg event at the 2023 World Weightlifting Championships held in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. She is a two-time medalist at the Pan American Weightlifting Championships. She won two medals at the 2022 Bolivarian Games held in Valledupar, Colombia.

Geles competed in the girls' +63 kg event at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics held in Nanjing, China.

She won the bronze medal in her event at the 2022 South American Games held in Asunción, Paraguay.

2022 Bolivarian Games
The 2022 Bolivarian Games (Spanish: Juegos Bolivarianos), officially the XIX Bolivarian Games Valledupar 2022, was an international multi-sport event that was held in Valledupar, Colombia from June 24 to July 5. It was the fifth time of the event in Colombia.
Cosmic Rift
Cosmic Rift was a two-dimensional massively multiplayer video game designed by lead programmer Jeff Petersen. It is based in a science fiction universe wherein players could fly from an overhead view one of 13 spaceships, each with their own strengths and unique weapons, in a variety of gaming zones each with a different objective.

Massively multiplayer online game
A massively multiplayer online (MMO) game, sometimes referred to as an MMOG, is an online video game with a large number of players to interact in the same online game world. MMOs usually feature a huge, persistent open world, although there are games that differ. These games can be found for most network-capable platforms, including the personal computer, video game console, or smartphones and other mobile devices.

MMOs can enable players to cooperate and compete with each other on a large scale, and sometimes to interact meaningfully with people around the world. They include a variety of gameplay types, representing many video game genres.
Nick Haig
Nicholas Haig (born 12 March 1987, in Christchurch) is a New Zealand field hockey player. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, he competed for the national team in the men's tournament.

Haig comes from a family of hockey players and began playing at the age of five.  He was part of the New Zealand team that won the bronze medal at the 2010 Commonwealth Games.

New Zealand men's national field hockey team
The New Zealand men's national field hockey team, also known as the Black Sticks Men, is the national team for men's field hockey of New Zealand, under the New Zealand Hockey Federation.

At the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, they upset Australia to win gold, becoming the first non-Asian/European team to clinch the gold medal. They have also won silver and bronze at the 2002 and 2010 Commonwealth Games.
Wildfire (1915 film)
Wildfire is a 1915 silent drama film produced by the Shuberts and distributed by World Pictures. It is based on the 1908 Broadway play Wildfire by George V. Hobart and George Broadhurst. The play had starred the famous Lillian Russell, who, in a rare screen appearance, reprised her role here. It was remade in 1925 with Aileen Pringle. Surviving prints are missing the third reel and the ending. Prints and/or fragments were found in the Dawson Film Find in 1978.

According to the American Film Institute catalog, this film was shot at the Peerless Studios. About 30% of the scenes were filmed in Charleston, South Carolina and at the nearby Palmetto Park race course.

George Broadhurst
George Howells Broadhurst (June 3, 1866 – January 31, 1952) was an Anglo-American theatre owner/manager, director, producer and playwright.  His plays were most popular from the late 1890s into the 1920s.
Sky Alps
Sky Alps S.r.l., branded as skyalps, is an Italian regional airline which operates flights at Bolzano Airport in the autonomous province of South Tyrol. The airline's fleet consists of fourteen De Havilland Canada Dash 8-400 aircraft. The airline is a subsidiary of Fri-El Green Power, an Italian company focusing on renewable energy.

Società a responsabilità limitata
Società a responsabilità limitata (S.r.l. or Srl) is a type of legal corporate entity in San Marino and Italy, which literally means (but is not entirely equal to) 'limited liability company'. It has a similar form to società sportiva dilettantistica a responsabilità limitata (S.s.d a r.l.) for amateur sports-related companies and their corresponding regulations: article 90 of the Italian Law No.289 of 2002.

Differing from società per azioni (S.p.A.), S.r.l. may not issue shares that have par value, but only the quota (Italian: quote) or units of the share capital. Moreover, the articles of association of S.r.l. allowed different allocations of profits and assets, which was more comparable to a limited partnership. A fourth form of corporate entity, società cooperativa a responsabilità limitata (S.c.r.l. or S.c. a r.l.), was seen in the cooperatives of Italy.
Edaphology
Edaphology (from Greek ἔδαφος, edaphos 'ground' + -λογία, -logia) is concerned with the influence of soils on living beings, particularly plants. 
It is one of two main divisions of soil science, the other being pedology. Edaphology includes the study of how soil influences humankind's use of land for plant growth as well as people's overall use of the land. General subfields within edaphology are agricultural soil science (known by the term agrology in some regions) and environmental soil science. Pedology deals with pedogenesis, soil morphology, and soil classification.

Soil morphology
Soil morphology is the branch of soil science dedicated to the technical description of soil, particularly physical properties including texture, color, structure, and consistence. Morphological evaluations of soil are typically performed in the field on a soil profile containing multiple horizons.

Along with soil formation and soil classification, soil morphology is considered part of pedology, one of the central disciplines of soil science.
Coniglio
Coniglio (pronounced [koˈniʎʎo]) is an Italian surname meaning "Rabbit", derived from the Latin cuniculus. Notable people with the surname include:

Agnaldo Coniglio Rayol (born 1938), Brazilian singer and actor

Fernando Coniglio (born 1991), Argentine football player

Giuseppe Coniglio (1922–2006), Italian poet

Joe Coniglio (born 1985), American football coach

Joseph Coniglio (born 1943), American politician

Mark Coniglio (born 1961), American composer

Stephen Coniglio (born 1993), Australian football player

Joe Coniglio
Joseph Coniglio (born May 28, 1985) is an American football coach. He is the outside linebackers coach for the Los Angeles Rams of the National Football League (NFL). He also coached for Kent State, Northern Michigan, Rhode Island, and Navy. He played college football for Miami (OH) as a defensive end.
Ablation Lake
Ablation Lake is a proglacial tidal lake in Ablation Valley, Alexander Island, Antarctica, with stratified saline and fresh water and depths exceeding 117 m (384 ft). The feature is dammed in the upper portion by ice that pushes into the lake from the adjacent George VI Ice Shelf. It is named after Ablation Valley following British Antarctic Survey (BAS) limnological research from 1973. The site lies within Antarctic Specially Protected Area (ASPA) No.147.

The lake has a sub-ice channel connecting it to George VI Sound, and is approximately 500 metres (1,600 ft) below the surface of the ice.

British Antarctic Survey
The British Antarctic Survey (BAS) is the United Kingdom's national polar research institute. It has a dual purpose, to conduct polar science, enabling better understanding of global issues, and to provide an active presence in the Antarctic on behalf of the UK. It is part of the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC). With over 400 staff, BAS takes an active role in Antarctic affairs, operating five research stations, one ship and five aircraft in both polar regions, as well as addressing key global and regional issues. This involves joint research projects with over 40 UK universities and more than 120 national and international collaborations.

Having taken shape from activities during World War II, it was known as the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey until 1962.