hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Leeds 2023
Leeds 2023, stylized as LEEDS 2023, was a designated year of culture taking place in Leeds, West Yorkshire, during 2023. Years of culture are specific years where a city or region dedicates significant resources to investing in cultural initiatives. Initially proposed as a bid to be the host city for European Capital of Culture, post-Brexit exclusion from European Union initiatives meant that Leeds could no longer bid. This resulted in Leeds City Council and partners deciding to run an independent year of culture in 2023.

Leeds Culture Trust, a charity separate to Leeds City Council, was established in 2019 to develop the programme and fund raise for the year of culture. Kully Thiarai was appointed Creative Director in 2019. The year was launched at Headingley Stadium, and was followed by a range of projects in every ward in the city. New performances and public artworks were commissioned, such as Hibiscus Rising by Yinka Shonibare.

John Smeaton
John Smeaton FRS (8 June 1724 – 28 October 1792) was an English civil engineer responsible for the design of bridges, canals, harbours and lighthouses. He was also a capable mechanical engineer and an eminent scholar, who introduced various scientific methodologies into engineering. Smeaton was the first self-proclaimed "civil engineer", and is often regarded as the "father of civil engineering". He pioneered the use of hydraulic lime in concrete, using pebbles and powdered brick as aggregate. Smeaton was associated with the Lunar Society.
Harry Hamlin
Harry Robinson Hamlin (born October 30, 1951) is an American actor, author, and entrepreneur. He is widely known for his roles as Perseus in the 1981 fantasy film Clash of the Titans, a role he reprised in 2007's Santa Monica Studio video game God of War II, and as Michael Kuzak in the legal drama series L.A. Law, for which he received three Golden Globe nominations. For his recurring role as Jim Cutler on the AMC drama series Mad Men, Hamlin received a Primetime Emmy nomination for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Drama Series.

Perseus
In Greek mythology, Perseus (US: /ˈpɜːr.si.əs/ ⓘ, UK: /ˈpɜː.sjuːs/; Greek: Περσεύς, translit. Perseús) is the legendary founder of the Perseid dynasty. He was, alongside Cadmus and Bellerophon, the greatest Greek hero and slayer of monsters before the days of Heracles. He beheaded the Gorgon Medusa for Polydectes and saved Andromeda from the sea monster Cetus. He was a demigod, being the son of Zeus and the mortal Danaë, as well as the half-brother and great-grandfather of Heracles (as they were both children of Zeus, and Heracles's mother was Perseus's granddaughter).
Nyakane Tsolo
Michael Nyakane Ramabele Tsolo (24 July 1939, Kroonstad – November 2002) was an anti-apartheid activist, and leader of the Sharpeville branch of the Pan Africanist Congress in South Africa. He and his brother Job Tsolo, led the anti-pass protest to the Sharpeville police station in 21 March 1960, which culminated in the Sharpeville massacre when police opened fire on the crowd.

Tsolo died of stroke in 2002. His political legacy is less known than that of his contemporary PAC leaders, Robert Sobukwe and Philip Kgosana.

Kroonstad
Kroonstad (lit. 'Crown City' in Afrikaans) is a town on the N1 highway in Free State, South Africa. It is the fourth largest town in the Free State (after Bloemfontein, Welkom and Bethlehem). It is the second-largest commercial and urban centre in the Northern Free State (after Welkom), and an important railway junction on the main line from Cape Town to Johannesburg.
Walter Keller (researcher)
John Walter Keller Jr. is a mathematician, physicist, researcher, designer, and inventor.  He designed and holds the patent on the first implantable atrial synchronous heart pacemaker; he designed a demand circuit critical to the controls of the artificial heart; and he pioneered the first remotely programmable computer implantable prosthesis.

Designer
A designer is a person who plans the form or structure of something before it is made, by preparing drawings or plans. In practice, anyone who creates tangible or intangible objects, products, processes, laws, games, graphics, services, or experiences can be called a designer.
Plopeni
Plopeni (Romanian pronunciation: [ploˈpenʲ]) is a town in Prahova County, Muntenia, Romania, with a population of 6,709 as of 2021.

The town is situated at the northern edge of the Wallachian Plain, at an altitude of 240 m (790 ft), on the right bank of the Teleajen River. It is located in the central part of Prahova County, 15 km (9.3 mi) north of the county seat, Ploiești.

Plopeni is crossed by county road DJ102, which connects it to Păulești and Ploiești, where it meets national road DN1B. The Plopeni train station serves the CFR Line 306, which starts at Ploiești South station and ends in Slănic.

Muntenia
Muntenia (Romanian pronunciation: [munˈteni.a], also known in English as Greater Wallachia) is a historical region of Romania, part of Wallachia (also, sometimes considered Wallachia proper, as Muntenia, Țara Românească, and the rarely used Valahia are synonyms in Romanian). It is situated between the Danube (south and east), the Carpathian Mountains (the Transylvanian Alps branch) and Moldavia (both north), and the Olt River to the west. The latter river is the border between Muntenia and Oltenia (or Lesser Wallachia). Part of the traditional border between Wallachia/Muntenia and Moldavia was formed by the rivers Milcov and Siret.
V. Thangapandian
V. Thangapandian (died 31 July 1997) was an Indian politician and Former Cabinet Minister in Tamil Nadu Government. Member of the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu. He was elected to the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly as a Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam candidate from Aruppukottai constituency in 1989 and  1996 elections.

Thangapandian died on 31 July 1997.

Aruppukottai Assembly constituency
Aruppukottai is a legislative assembly in Virudhunagar district, which includes the city, Aruppukkottai. It is a part of Virudhunagar Lok Sabha constituency. This is the constituency, held by popular actor-turned politician, M. G. Ramachandran, when he first became Chief Minister in the 1977 assembly elections. It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu, in India.

The Chettiyar (all kinds - mostly chettiyar) community is the biggest community in this constituency with around 23% population.

The population of other communities are: 15% Devendrakula Velalar, 8% Naidus,6% kambalthu nayakkar,14% Saliyar, 5% Nadar, 10% Mutharaiyar, Maravar 6%, Agamudaiyar 2%, 5% Reddy, 2% Konar, 2% Pillaimar and muslims 2%.

In the 2021 MLA election, the DMK party's Reddy candidate K. K. S. S. R. Ramachandran won, and became the minister of Revenue and Disaster Management.
From a Whisper
From a Whisper is a Kenyan drama film written and directed by Africa Movie Academy Award winner Wanuri Kahiu. The film received 12 nominations and won 5 awards at the Africa Movie Academy Awards in 2009, including Best Picture, Best Original Soundtrack, Best Director, Best Original Screenplay and AMAA Achievement in Editing. The film also won the Best Feature Narrative award at the 2010 Pan African Film & Arts Festival, and was honored with the 2010 BAFTA/LA Festival Choice Prize. Although the film commemorates the 10th anniversary of the 7 August terrorist bombing in Kenya in 1998, it is not about the terrorist bombing. The movie portrays a realistic story of the aftermath of the bombing, by capturing the lives of the victims and their families who had to pick up the pieces of their lives shredded by the blast.

Pan African Film Festival
Pan African Film Festival (PAFF) is a non-profit corporation in Los Angeles, California, United States, that states its goal is to promote "cultural understanding among peoples of African descent" through exhibiting art and film. It hosts anOscar-qualifying film festival and an arts festival in Los Angeles in February of each year. The Los Angeles Times in 2013 called the film festival "the largest black film festival" in the United States.
Vava Voom
Vava Voom is the seventh studio album by Bassnectar released on April 10, 2012, through his label Amorphous Music. The album includes several collaborations with artists from other genres; most notably, Lupe Fiasco. The song "Pennywise Tribute" is a remix of the Pennywise song "Bro Hymn (Tribute)" from their Full Circle album.

Full Circle (Pennywise album)
Full Circle is the fourth studio album by the American punk rock band Pennywise. It was released on April 22, 1997 (see 1997 in music) and was digitally remastered on March 8, 2005 on the original label. This is the first Pennywise studio album to feature Randy Bradbury, who replaced bassist Jason Thirsk, who had died from suicide on July 29, 1996. The entire album was dedicated to the memory of Thirsk, who had been a key songwriter for Pennywise until his death, and a close friend of all of those in the band.
A Certain Woman
A Certain Woman (或る女, Aru Onna) is the English translation of the name a Japanese novel by Arishima Takeo published in 1919. The first half of the novel first appeared in serialized form in the literary magazine Shirakaba , starting from January 1911 and running for 16 episodes to March 1913. The second half of the novel was not published until 1919, when both volumes were issued as a set.

The novel is partly biographical, with Arishima modeling the protagonist, Yōko, after Kunikida Doppo's ex-wife, Nobuko Sasaki. The main theme of the novel is the changing place of women in Japanese society at the end of the Meiji period and Taishō period.

Culture of Japan
Japanese culture has changed greatly over the millennia, from the country's prehistoric Jōmon period, to its contemporary modern culture, which absorbs influences from Asia and other regions of the world.

Since the Jomon period, ancestral groups like the Yayoi and Kofun, who arrived to Japan from Korea and China, respectively, have shaped Japanese culture. Rice cultivation and centralized leadership were introduced by these groups, shaping Japanese culture. Chinese dynasties, particularly the Tang dynasty, have influenced Japanese culture throughout history and brought it into the Sinosphere. After 220 years of isolation, the Meiji era opened Japan to Western influences, enriching and diversifying Japanese culture. Popular culture shows how much contemporary Japanese culture influences the world.
Raymond Louie
Raymond Louie (traditional Chinese: 雷建華; simplified Chinese: 雷建华; pinyin: Léi Jiànhuá; born 16 January 1965) is a Canadian politician. He is a five-term Vancouver City Councillor.  Formerly a member of Coalition of Progressive Electors civic party, Louie broke away and was re-elected in 2005, and again in 2008, 2011, and 2014 as a member of Vision Vancouver.

2005 Vancouver municipal election
The city of Vancouver, along with the rest of British Columbia's municipalities, held its municipal elections on November 19, 2005. Canadian citizens who were over 18 years of age at the time of the vote, and had been a resident of Vancouver for the past 30 days and a resident of BC for the past six months, were able to vote for candidates in four races that were presented on one ballot. In addition, Canadian citizen non-resident property owners were eligible to vote.

The ballot elects one mayor, 10 councillors, nine school board trustees and seven park board commissioners. Each elector may vote for as many candidates as there are open seats (e.g., an elector may vote for ten or fewer councillors).
Endometrial biopsy
The endometrial biopsy is a medical procedure that involves taking a tissue sample of the lining of the uterus. The tissue subsequently undergoes a histologic evaluation which aids the physician in forming a diagnosis.

Endometrial hyperplasia
Endometrial hyperplasia is a condition of excessive proliferation of the cells of the endometrium, or inner lining of the uterus.

Most cases of endometrial hyperplasia result from high levels of estrogens, combined with insufficient levels of the progesterone-like hormones which ordinarily counteract estrogen's proliferative effects on this tissue. This may occur in several settings, including obesity, polycystic ovary syndrome, estrogen producing tumours (e.g. granulosa cell tumour) and certain formulations of estrogen replacement therapy.

Endometrial hyperplasia with atypia is a significant risk factor for the development or even co-existence of endometrial cancer, so careful monitoring and treatment of women with this disorder is essential.
2023 Guanajuato Open – Doubles
Kaitlyn Christian and Lidziya Marozava were the defending champions but chose not to participate.

Emina Bektas and Ingrid Neel won the title, defeating Quinn Gleason and Elixane Lechemia in the final, 7–6(7–4), 3–6, [10–6].

Ingrid Neel
Ingrid Neel (born June 16, 1998) is an American-Estonian professional tennis player. She has specialized in doubles and has won four titles on the WTA Tour and three titles on the WTA Challenger Tour. In addition, she has won two singles and 14 doubles titles on the ITF Circuit. On 6 May 2024, she achieved a career-high of No. 33 in the WTA doubles rankings.
Tenasserim white-bellied rat
The Tenasserim white-bellied rat (Niviventer tenaster) is a species of rodent in the family Muridae.
It is named after the Tenasserim Hills and is found above 1,000 m in forested limestone mountainous areas. Its distribution includes India, Myanmar (Arakan Mountains, Dawna Range and the Bilauktaung range of the Tenasserim Hills), Thailand (Thanon Thong Chai Range), Cambodia (southern end of the Cardamom Mountains, Laos and Vietnam (Annamite Range), and China (southern Yunnan and Hainan).

Annamite Range
The Annamite Range (Lao: ພູ ຫລວງ, romanized: Phū Lūang; Vietnamese: Dãy Trường Sơn, IPA: [zǎˀj ʈʂɯə̀n ʂɤ̄n]) is a major mountain range of Mainland Southeast Asia, extending approximately 1,100 km (680 mi) through Laos, Vietnam, and a small area in northeast Cambodia.
Travis Mack
Travis Steven Mack (born April 15, 1983) is an American NASCAR crew chief for Legacy Motor Club of their No. 42 Toyota Camry XSE in the NASCAR Cup Series driven by John Hunter Nemechek for the 2025 season. He also previously worked as a crew chief for Trackhouse Racing, JR Motorsports, Leavine Family Racing and Kaulig Racing as well as a pit crew member for Hendrick Motorsports and Clement Racing.

2025 NASCAR Cup Series
The 2025 NASCAR Cup Series was the 77th season of NASCAR professional stock car racing in the United States and the 54th season of the modern-era Cup Series. Joey Logano of Team Penske entered the season as the defending 2024 NASCAR Cup Series champion. The season started with the Cook Out Clash at Bowman Gray Stadium on February 2, and concluded at Phoenix Raceway on November 2, where Kyle Larson won the championship after finishing third at the NASCAR Cup Series Championship Race.

The 2025 season was the first year under NASCAR's new TV deal that will last until 2031. This was also the first year since 2008 that Stewart–Haas Racing (now Haas Factory Team) did not have the ownership of Tony Stewart. Katherine Legge made her Cup Series debut as well. NASCAR held its first race outside the United States in 67 years with the 2025 Viva México 250.

It was the last season to utilize the elimination-style NASCAR playoffs, having served as the Cup Series' championship format since 2014.
Château d'Aulteribe
The Château d'Aulteribe is a castle located in Sermentizon, in the Puy-de-Dôme département, Auvergne, central France.

Built in the end of the 15th century, it was altered and restored during the 17th century and in the second half of the 19th century. Many of the medieval-style features of the building were added at this time. In 1954, the château and its contents were bequeathed to the Centre des monuments nationaux by Marquis Henri de Pierre, the last owner. The Château d'Aulteribe is currently managed by the centre des monuments nationaux and is open to the public.

The furnishings of the castle include tapestries from Flanders and Aubusson, Chinese porcelain, and paintings from the 17th to 19th centuries.

The castle has been listed since 30 March 1949 as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture. The surrounding park, believed to date from the first half of the 19th century, was added to the inventory of national heritage in 1991.

Ministry of Culture (France)
The Ministry of Culture (French: Ministère de la Culture [ministɛʁ də la kyltyʁ]) is the ministry of the Government of France in charge of national museums and the monuments historiques. Its goal is to maintain the French identity through the promotion and protection of the arts (visual, plastic, theatrical, musical, dance, architectural, literary, televisual and cinematographic) on national soil and abroad. Its budget is mainly dedicated to the management of the Archives Nationales (six national sites and hundred decentralised storage facilities) and the regional Maisons de la culture (culture centres).

Its main office is in the Palais-Royal in the 1st arrondissement of Paris on the Rue de Valois. It is headed by the Minister of Culture, a cabinet member. The most recent officeholder has been Rachida Dati, before she resigned to focus on her candidacy of the 2026 Paris municipal election.
Naval Science and Technological Laboratory
The Naval Science and Technological Laboratory (NSTL) is an Indian defence laboratory of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), located in Visakhapatnam. Its main function is the research and development of underwater weapons and associated systems. NSTL is organized under DRDO's Directorate of Naval R&D. The present director of NSTL is Dr. Abraham Varughese and Director General (DG) is Dr Y. Sreenivas Rao, Distinguished Scientist .

Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers
Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers Ltd, abbreviated as GRSE, is an Indian defence shipyard, located in Kolkata. It builds and repairs commercial and naval vessels. GRSE also exports the ships that the company builds.

Founded in 1884 as a small privately owned company on the eastern bank of the Hooghly River, it was renamed as Garden Reach Workshop in 1916. GRSE was nationalised by the Government of India in 1960. The company was awarded the Miniratna public sector undertaking status, with accompanying financial and operational autonomy in September 2006. GRSE is the first Indian shipyard to build 100 warships.

In January 2026, the Department of Defence Production, Ministry of Defence, forwarded a proposal to the Department of Public Enterprises (DPE), Ministry of Finance, seeking an upgrad of GRSE's PSU status to Navratna. The proposal was approved by an inter-ministerial committee in the second week of February and would be placed before an apex committee for final approval.
Montreal (castle)
Montreal (Arabic: مونتريال; Latin: Mons Regalis, Mont Real), or Qal'at ash-Shawbak (قلعة الشوبك) in Arabic, is a castle built by the Crusaders and expanded by the Mamluks, on the eastern side of the Arabah Valley, perched on the side of a rocky, conical mountain, looking out over fruit orchards below. The ruins are located next to the modern town of Shoubak in Jordan.

Arabah
The Arabah/Araba (Arabic: وادي عربة, romanized: Wādī ʿAraba) or Aravah/Arava (Hebrew: הָעֲרָבָה, romanized: hāʿĂrāḇā, lit. 'dry area') is a loosely defined geographic area located south of the Dead Sea drainage basin and north of the Gulf of Aqaba in southeastern Israel and southwestern Jordan.

The old meaning, which was in use up to around the early 20th century, covered almost the entire length of what today is called the Jordan Rift Valley, running in a north–south orientation between the southern end of the Sea of Galilee and the northern tip of the Gulf of Aqaba of the Red Sea at Aqaba–Eilat. This included the Jordan Rift Valley between the Sea of Galilee and the Dead Sea, the Dead Sea itself, and what today is commonly called the Arava Valley. The contemporary use of the term is restricted to this southern section alone.
1966 Massachusetts gubernatorial election
The 1966 Massachusetts gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1966. Governor John A. Volpe was reelected to a four-year term. He defeated former Attorney General Edward J. McCormack Jr. in the general election. This was the first election held since Governor's term of office was extended from two to four years.

Term of office
A term of office, electoral term, or parliamentary term is the length of time a person serves in a particular elected office. In many jurisdictions there is a defined limit on how long terms of office may be before the officeholder must be subject to re-election. Some jurisdictions exercise term limits, setting a maximum number of terms an individual may hold in a particular office.
Linda Mendoza
Linda Mendoza Kahle is an American film and television director and stand-up comedian.

Mendoza's directorial career began in 1992, directing promotional segments for Fox and MTV. She then went on to direct/produce segments for Kidsongs and the Nickelodeon sketch comedy series' Roundhouse and All That. Her other television series credits include, The Chris Rock Show, The Brothers García, Unfabulous, Girlfriends, The Bernie Mac Show, Outsourced, MADtv, Scrubs, Gilmore Girls, 30 Rock, Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt, Suburgatory, Crazy Ex-Girlfriend, and Brooklyn Nine-Nine among other series. She made her feature film directorial debut with the film Chasing Papi in 2003. She has also occasionally performed stand-up comedy, as well as directing specials for stand-up comedians such as Wanda Sykes, Sam Jay, Nikki Glaser, Katherine Ryan, and Tiffany Haddish.

In 2008, Mendoza won an ALMA Award for her direction of the Ugly Betty episode, "Betty's Baby Bump". She is of Mexican American descent.

Roundhouse (TV series)
Roundhouse is an American comedy-variety television series that aired on Nickelodeon from 1992 through 1995. The series was recorded before a live audience on a minimal set and incorporated sketch comedy, dance sequences, and musical performances.
Operacion Fenix
Operación Fénix (English: Operation Phoenix), was an attack by the Colombian military against a camp of the guerrilla group the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) 1.8 kilometers (1.1 mi) over the border in Sucumbíos Province, Ecuador on March 1, 2008.  The raid succeeded in killing Raúl Reyes, second-in-command of FARC, as well as some two dozen individuals present in the encampment, including an Ecuadorian citizen and four Mexicans, allegedly research students invited to the camp after attending a Bolivarian congress in Quito. In the aftermath of the attack, a diplomatic crisis emerged between Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela.

Sucumbíos Province
Sucumbíos (Spanish pronunciation: [sukumˈbi.os]) is a province in northeast Ecuador. The capital and largest city is Nueva Loja (normally referred to as Lago Agrio). It is the fifth largest province in the country, with an area of 18,084 km2. In 2010, it had a population of 176,472 inhabitants.