hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nadezhda Alekhina
Nadezhda Alekhina, née Bazhenova (Russian: Надежда Алехина; born 22 September 1978) is a Russian triple jumper.

She finished fourth at the 2002 European Athletics Indoor Championships and won the bronze medal at the 2005 Summer Universiade. She also competed at the World Championships in 2003, 2005 and 2009 without reaching the finals. In the long jump she finished seventh at the 2001 Summer Universiade.

Her personal best jump is 15.14 metres, achieved in July 2009 in Cheboksary. The Russian record is currently held by Tatyana Lebedeva with 15.34 metres. Alekhina also has 6.56 metres in the long jump, achieved in June 2003 in Tula.

2002 European Athletics Indoor Championships
The 2002 European Athletics Indoor Championships were held from Friday, 1 March to Sunday, 3 March 2002 in Vienna, the capital city of Austria. This was the last edition to be held in an even year to avoid it occurring in the same year as the outdoor European Athletics Championships.
Rack Marsh
Rack Marsh is a  4-hectare (9.9-acre) nature reserve in Bagnor, on the north-western outskirts of Newbury in Berkshire. It is managed by the Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire Wildlife Trust. It is part of Kennet and Lambourn Floodplain, which is a Biological Site of Special Scientific Interest, and a Nature Conservation Review site. It is also part of the Kennet and Lambourn Floodplain Special Area of Conservation.

A Nature Conservation Review
A Nature Conservation Review is a two-volume work by Derek Ratcliffe, published by Cambridge University Press in 1977. It set out to identify the most important places for nature conservation in Great Britain. It is often known by the initials NCR, and sites listed in it are termed "NCR sites".

The approach adopted by Ratcliffe was adapted and applied to the selection of sites important for geological conservation in the Geological Conservation Review. A Marine Nature Conservation Review has also been published.

Volume 1 set out the rationale and methods used, and gave descriptions of the major habitat types.

Volume 2 consisted entirely of a site inventory. Sites were grouped into six major habitat types:

Coastal sites - 135 sites

Woodlands - 234 sites

Lowland grasslands, heaths and scrub - 159 sites

Open waters - 99 sites

Peatlands - 116 sites

Upland grasslands and heaths - 101 sites
Germany at the 1936 Summer Olympics
Germany was the host nation and top medal recipient at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin. 433 competitors, 389 men and 44 women, took part in 143 events in 22 sports.

The total of 33 gold and 89 total medals still stands as a record medal tally for unified Germany.

Otto Adam
Otto Adam (24 November 1909 – 2 December 1977) was a German fencer. He won a bronze medal in the team foil event at the 1936 Summer Olympics.

Adam was born on 24 November 1909 in Wiesbaden. He died on 2 December 1977 in Ottweiler, at the age of 68.
Nightfall (missile)
The Nightfall is a short-range ballistic missile under development by the United Kingdom. In August 2025 the UK Ministry of Defence published a request for information (RFI) for the missile. Its range is planned to exceed 600 km (370 mi).  Each missile must carry a circa 300 kg (660 lb) (high explosive) payload over 600 km (370 mi) on a ballistic trajectory, with some basic manoeuvrability. A ground vehicle must have the ability to deliver multiple missiles.

Industry Partners that had signed confidentiality agreements were given the requirements on the 19th December 2025. The deadline for proposals is the 9th February 2026 and it is intended to award development contracts in March 2026. The intention is for three partners to each be awarded a £9 million development contract and to produce their first three missiles before April 2027 for test launches.

The Nightfall missile is intended to complement the Ukrainians' existing American ATACMS and Ukrainian 1KR1 Sapsan missiles.

ATACMS
The MGM-140 Army Tactical Missile System (ATACMS /əˈtækəmz/) is a short-range supersonic tactical ballistic missile designed and manufactured by the American defense company Ling-Temco-Vought (LTV), and later, through acquisitions, Lockheed Martin. The missile uses solid propellant and is 13 feet (4.0 m) long and 24 inches (610 mm) in diameter, and the longest-range variants can fly up to 190 miles (300 km). It can be fired from the tracked M270 Multiple Launch Rocket System (MLRS) and the wheeled M142 High Mobility Artillery Rocket System (HIMARS). An ATACMS launch container (pod) has one rocket but a lid patterned with six circles like a standard MLRS rocket lid to prevent an enemy from discerning what type of missile is loaded.
Pina de Montalgrao
Pina de Montalgrao, or simply Pina, is a municipality in the comarca of Alto Palancia, Castellón, Valencia, Spain. According to the 2010 census the municipality has a population of 148 inhabitants.

This town is located in the mountainous Sistema Ibérico area.

Iberian System
The Iberian System is one of the major systems of mountain ranges in Spain.
It consists of a vast and complex area of mostly relatively high and rugged mountain chains and massifs located in the central region of the Iberian Peninsula, but reaching almost the Mediterranean coast in the Valencian Community in the east.

The system is hydrographically important, as it separates the watersheds of most of the major rivers in Spain and Portugal, including the Ebro basin to the east from the basins of the Douro, Tagus, Guadiana (Záncara-Gigüela), Júcar and Turia to the west and south.

There are important mining areas in some of the ranges such as Sierra Menera, Sierra de Arcos and Sierra de San Just, making the system one of the chief mining regions in Spain since ancient times. One of the comarcas of Aragon located in the Iberian System was given the name of Cuencas Mineras, lit. 'Mining Basins', since mining is the main activity in the comarca.
Jeannette Littlemore
Jeannette Littlemore is a British scholar of English and applied linguistics whose work focuses on the interpretation of figurative language, including metaphor and metonymy, as it relates to second language learning and teaching. Her research examines the ways that metaphor is misunderstood by learners of English.

Applied linguistics
Applied linguistics is an interdisciplinary field which identifies, investigates, and offers solutions to language-related real-life problems. Some of the academic fields related to applied linguistics are education, psychology, communication research, information science, natural language processing, anthropology, and sociology. Applied linguistics is a practical use of language.
North American Spine Society
The North American Spine Society (NASS) is a medical society for health care professionals who specialize in spine care. It was founded in 1985 and is the largest such society in America. The organization's goal is the promotion of evidence-based and ethical spine care. NASS does this by policies and actions aimed at promoting education, research and advocacy in health care fields related to the spine. NASS' membership consists of roughly 8,000 health care professionals; such as orthopedic surgeons, neurosurgeons, physiatrists, anesthesiologists, researchers and other related practitioners.

Physical medicine and rehabilitation
Physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R), also known as  physiatry, and outside the United States as physical and rehabilitation medicine (PRM), is a branch of medicine that aims to enhance and restore functional ability and quality of life to people with physical impairments or disabilities. Officially established in the United States in the mid-1900s, PM&R has played a major role in patient recovery following several major epidemics and both world wars. Common medical conditions treated by PM&R physicians include spinal cord injury, brain injury, musculoskeletal injury, stroke, pain, and spasticity from muscle, ligament, or nerve damage. PM&R physicians lead rehabilitation teams in inpatient and outpatient settings and are trained in medication management, electrodiagnosis, and targeted injections.  A physician having completed training in this field may be referred to as a physiatrist.
Arcas (crater)
85°36′S 67°30′W﻿ / ﻿85.6°S 67.5°W﻿ / -85.6; -67.5

Arcas is a crater on Jupiter's moon Callisto measuring 60 km (37 mi) across. It is an example of a central pit impact crater. A smaller crater near Arcas is called Ginandi. The crater is named after Arcas, the son of Callisto in Greek mythology.

Natural satellite
A natural satellite is, in the most common usage, an astronomical body that orbits a planet, dwarf planet, or small Solar System body (or sometimes another natural satellite). Natural satellites are colloquially referred to as moons, a derivation from the Moon of Earth.

In the Solar System, there are six planetary satellite systems, altogether comprising 419 natural satellites with confirmed orbits. Seven objects commonly considered dwarf planets by astronomers are also known to have natural satellites: Orcus, Pluto, Haumea, Quaoar, Makemake, Gonggong, and Eris. As of February 2026, there are 630 other minor planets known to have natural satellites.
McQuay
McQuay is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Herb McQuay (1948–2005), American singer

Kevin McQuay (1949–2005), Australian businessman

Leon McQuay (1950–1995), American football player

Leon McQuay III (born 1994), American football player

Mike McQuay (1949–1995), American science fiction writer

Stan McQuay (born 1973), American bodybuilder

Tony McQuay (born 1990), American sprinter and silver medalist at the 2012 Olympic Games

Herb McQuay
Herb McQuay (died June 29, 2005) was a popular jazz and soul singer from New York who lived and worked in New Zealand during the late 1970s to the mid 1980s. He is remembered for his cover of the Edwin Starr song, "Oh How Happy", which was a minor hit for him.
Esh, County Durham
Esh is a village and civil parish situated around five miles north-west of Durham in County Durham, England. 
The central area of the village contains a stone cross, which probably replaced a former market cross. This is locally known as St Cuthberts Cross and bears the inscription I. H. S., and the date 1687. Esh is a rural village, nestled between a number of working farms; it has two primary schools, a pub and two churches, St Michael and All Angels (C of E) and St. Michael's (Roman Catholic).

Market cross
A market cross, or in Scots, a mercat cross, is a structure used to mark a market square in market towns, where historically the right to hold a regular market or fair was granted by the monarch, a bishop or a baron.
Modern Sky Festival
The Modern Sky Festival (Chinese: 摩登天空音乐节; pinyin: Módēng Tiānkōng Yīnyuè Jié) is an outdoor rock music festival in Beijing, China, organized by the Modern Sky record label.

The first festival was held October 2–4, 2007 at Haidian Park. It featured four stages of music and over 120 bands, including the headliners, the American band Yeah Yeah Yeahs. Chinese bands included New Pants, Rebuilding The Rights Of Statues, P.K. 14, Queen Sea Big Shark, Joyside, Carsick Cars, and Snapline.

In the 2009 festival, all foreign bands were dropped from performing due to "unforeseen circumstances". Only local Chinese bands performed.

As of 2014, the parent company Modern Sky Entertainment put on more than 20 festivals a year throughout China. In August 2014, Modern Sky announced its first festival in the United States, to be held in Central Park's Rumsey Playfield October 4–5.

Joyside
Joyside is a Chinese rock band. They started out as an underground band by Bian Yuan in 2001, and they went from performing in small clubs for three years to recording CDs and performing on large stages. The band consists of Bian Yuan as vocalist, Liu Hao as bassist, Liu Hongwei, and Yang Yang playing guitar, and Guan Zheng on drums. Along with working as a band, the individuals members are also part of other musical projects. They were the subject of the documentary Wasted Orient by Kevin Fritz who felt they represented a side of China not seen in the West.
Ruuttu
Ruuttu is a Finnish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alexander Ruuttu (born 1992), American-born Finnish ice hockey player, son of Christian

Christian Ruuttu (born 1964), Finnish ice hockey scout and player

Alexander Ruuttu
Alexander Ruuttu (born December 9, 1992) is an American born Finnish professional ice hockey forward. He is currently playing for Adler Mannheim in the Deutsche Eishockey Liga. Ruuttu was selected by the Phoenix Coyotes in the 2nd round (51st overall) of the 2011 NHL Entry Draft. Ruuttu was part of KalPa's Spengler Cup Championship winning team in 2018.

His father is the former National Hockey League player, Christian Ruuttu.
Winnipeg Statement
The Winnipeg Statement is the Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops' statement on the papal encyclical Humanae vitae from a plenary assembly held at Saint Boniface in Winnipeg, Manitoba. Published on September 27, 1968, it is the Canadian bishops' document about rejecting Pope Paul VI's July 1968 encyclical on human life and the regulation of birth.

St. Boniface, Winnipeg
St. Boniface (French: Saint-Boniface) is a city ward and neighbourhood in Winnipeg. Along with being the centre of the Franco-Manitoban community, it ranks as the largest francophone community in Western Canada.

It features such landmarks as the St. Boniface Cathedral, Boulevard Provencher, the Provencher Bridge, Esplanade Riel, Saint Boniface Hospital, the Université de Saint-Boniface, and the Royal Canadian Mint.

The area covers much of eastern Winnipeg, including Old St. Boniface. It consists of the neighbourhoods of Norwood West, Norwood East, Windsor Park, Niakwa Park, Niakwa Place, Southdale, Southland Park, Royalwood, Sage Creek, and Island Lakes, among others, plus a large industrial area. The ward is represented by Matt Allard, a member of Winnipeg City Council, and also corresponds to the neighbourhood clusters of St. Boniface East and West. The population was 58,520 according to the Canada 2016 Census.
Lisboa (surname)
Lisboa is a Portuguese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Mel Lisboa (born 1982), Brazilian actress

Adriana Lisboa (born 1970), Brazilian writer

Carlos Lisboa (born 1958), Portuguese basketball player and coach

Eduarda Santos Lisboa (born 1998), Brazilian beach volleyball player

Irene Lisboa (1892–1958), Portuguese writer

José Camillo Lisboa (1823–1897), Goan botanist and physician

Lidi Lisboa (born 1984), Brazilian actress

Rafael Lisboa (born 1999), Portuguese basketballer

Sofia Lisboa, Portuguese singer

Irene Lisboa
Irene do Céu Vieira Lisboa (25 December 1892 – 25 November 1958) was a Portuguese novelist, short story writer, poet, essayist and educational writer. Especially for her fictional work, she has achieved a special place in modern Portuguese literature.
Rincón (footballer, born 1977)
Gilvan Santos Souza (born 20 April 1977), known as Rincón, is a Brazilian footballer who plays for Santa Clara.

Rincón scored 18 goals for Paços de Ferreira to win promotion to Portuguese Liga. He scored 5 goals in 20 league matches for Marítimo at Portuguese Liga 2005–06 before back to Brazil.

In mid-2007, he returned to Portugal for Liga de Honra side Vizela.

F.C. Paços de Ferreira
Futebol Clube Paços de Ferreira (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈpasuʒ ðɨ fɨˈʁɐjɾɐ]) is a Portuguese professional football club based in Paços de Ferreira, district of Porto. Founded in 1950, the club competes in the Liga Portugal 2, holding home games at the 9,076 seat Estádio Capital do Móvel The club's colours are yellow and green. The club is owned 100% by its members ("sócios").

They have won four Segunda Liga titles (now Liga Portugal 2), and in 2007 they qualified for the UEFA Cup for the first time. In the 2012–13 Primeira Liga, the team finished third and qualified for the 2013–14 UEFA Champions League play-offs for the first time in their history. They were also runners-up of the 2008–09 Taça de Portugal, the 2009 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira and the 2010–11 Taça da Liga.
Matthew Kenney
Matthew Kenney is an American celebrity chef, entrepreneur, author, and educator specializing in plant-based cuisine. He is the author of 12 cookbooks, founder of dozens of vegan restaurants, and founder of the companies Matthew Kenney Cuisine and Matthew Kenney Culinary, a plant-based diet education business.

Food & Wine
Food & Wine is an American monthly magazine published by People Inc.. It was founded in 1978 by Ariane and Michael Batterberry.  It features recipes, cooking tips, travel information, restaurant reviews, chefs, wine pairings and seasonal/holiday content and has been credited by The New York Times with introducing the dining public to "Perrier, the purple Peruvian potato and Patagonian toothfish".

The premier event for the magazine is the Food & Wine Classic in Aspen, Colorado. The Classic features wine tasting, cooking demonstrations, and featured speakers as well as a cooking competition. Held annually in June, the event is considered the kickoff to the Aspen summer season and celebrated its 40th anniversary in 2023.

The winner of Top Chef, the reality television cooking competition, is featured in a spread in this magazine.
Ceres, Washington
Ceres, also known as Ceres Hill, was a former farming and railroad depot community and is a locale in Lewis County, in the U.S. state of Washington. The area is located off Washington State Route 6 in a bend of the Chehalis River. The Willapa Hills Trail bisects the former community.

Locale (geographic)
As defined by the United States Geological Survey, a locale is a geographic place at which there is or was human activity. It does not include populated places (such as cities, settlements, towns, or villages), mines, and dams. Locale indicates locations of more dispersed, periodic or temporary human activity, such as a crossroad, a camp, a farm, a landing, a railroad siding, a ranch, a windmill, or one of any of the various types of agricultural, communication, geographical, infrastructure, or transport stations where human activities are carried out.

Locale also indicates locations of former locales and incidents of human activity, such as a battlefield or historic site, and former locations of populated places such as a ghost town, ruins, or an archaeological site.
Abbie McManus
Abbie Mary McManus (born 14 January 1993) is an English former professional footballer who has previously played as a defender for Leicester City in the FA Women's Super League and the England national team. She has also represented England on the under-23 national team.

2011–12 FA Women's Premier League
The 2011–12 FA Women's Premier League season was the 21st season of the former top flight of English women's association football. The league grew to ten teams this season, with two teams being relegated and four being promoted from the Northern and Southern divisions.
Aldredge
Aldredge is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Gertrude Aldredge Shelburne (1907–1993), American women's rights activist

Sawnie R. Aldredge (1890–1949), American lawyer, judge and politician

Theoni V. Aldredge (1922–2011), Greek-American costume designer

Tom Aldredge (1928–2011), American actor

Tom Aldredge
Thomas Ernest Aldredge (February 28, 1928 – July 22, 2011) was an American television, film and stage actor.

He won a Daytime Emmy Award for playing the role of Shakespeare in Henry Winkler Meets William Shakespeare (1978).  His Broadway stage career spanned five decades, including five Tony Award nominations. He played both the Narrator and the Mysterious Man in the original Broadway cast of Into the Woods.  He also appeared on television in programs including Ryan's Hope, Damages, and Boardwalk Empire, with a notable role as Hugh De Angelis, Tony Soprano’s father-in-law, on The Sopranos.
Otto Kümmel
Otto Kümmel (22 August 1874 – 8 February 1952) was a German art historian, 
academic teacher, founder and director of the Museum of Asian Art in Berlin and general director of the Berlin State Museums.

Staatliche Museen zu Berlin
The Staatliche Museen zu Berlin (Berlin State Museums) are a group of institutions in Berlin, Germany, comprising seventeen museums in five clusters; several research institutes; libraries; and supporting facilities. They are overseen by the Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation and funded by the German federal government in collaboration with Germany's federal states. The central complex on Museum Island was added to the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites in 1999. By 2007, the Staatliche Museen zu Berlin had grown into the largest complex of museums in Europe. The museum was originally founded by King Friedrich Wilhelm III of Prussia in 1823 as the Königliche Museen (Royal Museums).

The director-general of the Staatliche Museen zu Berlin is Floretine Dietrich.
Yambo (writer)
Enrico Novelli, writing as Yambo (5 June 1876 – 30 December 1943), was an Italian writer, journalist, and filmmaker.

Enrico Novelli was born on 5 June 1876 in Pisa, the son of Ermete Novelli. He worked in newspapers, beginning at La Sera (possibly Corriere della Sera) in Milan. Between 1927 and 1942, he ran a paper in Florence called Il nuovo giornale di Firenze.

Novelli wrote children's books under the pen name "Yambo". Le avventure di Ciuffettino (1902) is his best known work.

He died on 30 December 1943 in Florence.

Ermete Novelli
Ermete Novelli (5 March 1851 – 30 January 1919) was an Italian actor and playwright.

Born in Lucca, the son of a prompter, Novelli made his first appearance in 1866, and played character and leading comedy parts in the best companies between 1871 and 1884. By 1885 he had his own company, and made a great success in Paris in 1898 and 1902.

He established in Rome in 1900 a new theatre, the Casa di Goldoni, on the lines of the Comédie-Française. He dramatized Émile Gaboriau's Monsieur Lecoq, and alone or in collaboration wrote several comedies and many monologues; his tragedy La Masque, written in collaboration with Bonaspetti, was produced in 1911.

He died in Naples in 1919.
Henry Calvert Simons
Henry Calvert Simons (/ˈsaɪmənz/; October 9, 1899 – June 19, 1946) was an American economist at the University of Chicago. A protégé of Frank Knight, his antitrust and monetarist models influenced the Chicago school of economics.  He was a founding author of the Chicago plan for monetary reform that found broad support in the years following the 1930s Depression, which would have abolished the fractional-reserve banking system, which Simons viewed to be inherently unstable.  This would have prevented unsecured bank credit from circulating as a "money substitute" in the financial system, and it would be replaced with money created by the government or central bank that would not be subject to bank runs.

Simons is noted for a definition of economic income, developed in common with Robert M. Haig, known as the Haig–Simons equation.

Monetary reform
Monetary reform refers to proposals to change a country's monetary system, including how money is created, regulated, and distributed. Such reforms seek to address perceived problems with current monetary schemes, like financial instability, wealth inequality, or inflation. Monetary reform movements grow during economic crises, proposing alternatives to prevailing systems.

Reforms range widely from a return to commodity-backed currencies like the gold standard to more radical changes like full reserve banking or government-issued debt-free money. Some reforms seek technical adjustments to existing systems, while others propose to fundamentally restructure money's economic functions.