hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mzwanele Manyi
Mzwanele Manyi (born 20 January 1964) is a South African businessman, political figure, and former government spokesperson. He gained prominence through his leadership of the Black Management Forum (BMF), where he advocated for the advancement of black professionals in South Africa's corporate sector. Manyi is also noted for his involvement in policy initiatives promoting Black Economic Empowerment (BEE).

He served as chief executive officer of the Government Communication and Information System (GCIS) before acquiring The New Age newspaper and the ANN7 news channel. Active in the African National Congress (ANC) and later the Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF), Manyi has been a prominent figure in South Africa's political landscape.

Minister in the Presidency
The minister in the presidency is a minister in the Cabinet of South Africa, appointed by the President of South Africa. The minister has general responsibility for portfolios in the Office of the President of South Africa. Some former Ministers in the Presidency have been assigned specific portfolios.

The current minister in the presidency is Khumbudzo Ntshavheni, who was appointed to the position in March 2023.
Attrition warfare
Attrition warfare is a form of military strategy in which one side attempts to gradually wear down its opponent to the point of collapse by inflicting continuous losses in personnel, materiel, and morale. The term attrition is derived from the Latin word atterere, meaning "to wear down" or "to rub against", reflecting the grinding nature of the strategy.

Morale
Morale (/məˈræl/ mə-RAL, UK also /-ˈrɑːl/ -⁠RAHL) is the capacity of a group's members to maintain belief in an institution or goal, particularly in the face of opposition or hardship. Morale is often referenced by authority figures as a generic value judgment of the willpower, obedience, and self-discipline of a group tasked with performing duties assigned by a superior. According to Alexander H. Leighton, "morale is the capacity of a group of people to pull together persistently and consistently in pursuit of a common purpose". With good morale, a force will be less likely to give up or surrender. Deliberately attempting to reduce another group's morale is called demoralization.  Morale is usually assessed at a collective, rather than an individual level. In wartime, civilian morale is also important.
Social nature
Social Nature is the core concept of a geographical work on the social construction of nature, entitled Social nature: theory, practice and politics, which was published by Noel Castree and Bruce Braun in 2001.

The book says that the concept of Social Nature was created by critical geographers and embraces the idea of a socialized nature. Critical geographers like David Harvey and Neil Smith "insisted that nature is social in three related ways":

Knowledge "of nature is invariably inflected with the biases of the" knowers,

"Though knowledges of nature are social through and through, the social dimensions of nature are not reducible to knowledge alone",

Societies "physically reconstitute nature, both intentionally and unintentionally", to the point of internalizing nature into social processes (particularly in advanced Western societies).

David Harvey
David William Harvey FBA (born 31 October 1935) is a British-American academic best known for Marxist analyses that focus on urban geography as well as the economy more broadly. He is a Distinguished Professor of anthropology and geography at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York (CUNY). Harvey has authored many books and essays that have been prominent in the development of modern geography as a discipline. He is a proponent of the idea of the right to the city.

In 2007, Harvey was listed as the 18th most-cited author of books in the humanities and social sciences in that year, as established by counting citations from academic journals in the Thomson Reuters ISI database.
Timothy D. Herbert
Timothy D. Herbert is an American oceanographer, currently the Henry L. Doherty Professor of Oceanography, Professor of Environmental Studies and Professor of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences at Brown University. He obtained B.S. in the Geological Sciences from Yale College in 1980 and, seven years later, graduated with a Ph.D. in the same field from Princeton University.

He was elected as a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2011 and American Geophysical Union in 2020.

American Geophysical Union
The American Geophysical Union (AGU) is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization of Earth, atmospheric, ocean, hydrologic, space, and planetary scientists and enthusiasts that according to their website includes 130,000 people (not members). AGU's activities are focused on the organization and dissemination of scientific information in the interdisciplinary and international fields within the Earth and space sciences. The geophysical sciences involve four fundamental areas: atmospheric and ocean sciences; solid-Earth sciences; hydrologic sciences; and space sciences. The organization's headquarters is located on Florida Avenue in Washington, D.C.
Andy Burton (TV presenter)
Andy Burton is a talent agent and former pitchside reporter and commentator, best known as a touchline reporter for Sky Sports.  He has worked for Capital Radio and Bravo.  He hit the headlines after launching an assault on presenter Richard Bacon in a dispute over his ex-girlfriend in 2007. He was the main commentator on Bravo's Football Challenge joined by Andy Goldstein. He commentated for Sky Sports, on Premiership football matches shown in their Saturday evening highlights show, Football First.

On 25 January 2011, Burton was suspended by Sky due to his involvement in the sexist comments made about a female assistant referee, Sian Massey, which also involved Andy Gray and Richard Keys. However, unlike Gray and Keys, Burton later returned to his regular duties at Sky.

He was a scout at AFC Bournemouth for less than a season.

In 2021, Burton founded Gen-Z Sports and Media Group, a talent management agency for sportspeople and celebrities.

Football First
Football First – Match Choice is an interactive television programme on Sky Sports that shows extended highlights of every Premier League match played on the day, except matches shown live on BT Sport. Using the red button, the end user can select which match highlights they would like to watch. The programme first aired in 2004.

Match Choice is also a term used by the broadcaster when there are multiple EFL Championship or international games on at once. For the EFL, typically one game is shown live on Sky Sports Football with the other games available via the red button.
Pictorial of Tea Ware
Tea Ware Pictorial (茶具圖贊/茶具图赞) is a book by Shenan (Chinese: 審安老人/审安老人) compiled in 1269 and is the earliest picture book on tea ware used in preparation of Song dynasty tea cakes for drinking.

Tea during the Song dynasty was prepared by using the whisking tea method. The green tea was ground into a fine powder and hot water was added then whisked in a bowl with a brush to make tea and foam, this Chinese method of preparing tea spread to Japan and became the way matcha tea is made in Japan today. While in China this method gave way to the brewing tea method, which is the infusion of loose tea.

Teaware
Teaware is a broad international spectrum of equipment used in the brewing and consumption of tea. Many components make up that spectrum, and vary greatly based upon the type of tea being prepared, and the cultural setting in which it is being prepared. This is often referred to as the tea ceremony, and holds much significance in many cultures, particularly in northwestern Europe and in eastern Asia. A complete, cohesive collection of tea ware makes up a tea set.
Yaşın (surname)
Yaşın is a Turkish-based surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Neşe Yaşın (born 1959), Cypriot Turkish poet and author

Özker Yaşın (1932–2011), Turkish Cypriot poet, journalist, and author

Özker Yaşın
Özker Yaşın (1932–2011) was a Turkish Cypriot poet, author and journalist. He is considered to be one of the leading Turkish Cypriot poets of the period starting from the 1950s, and his work often exhibited a nationalistic line of thought.
Renate Simson
Renate "Rennie" Marie Simson (March 13, 1934 – February 19, 2017) was an American author and professor of African-American literature and writing. Her work has been influential in African American literature and identity studies. She wrote an essay on Black women's sexuality and identity, The Afro-American Female: The Historical Context of the Construction of Sexual Identity.

Her work posited that victimized black women often avoided intimacy altogether which affected their sexual identity causing them to become self-reliant.

She worked as the English department at SUNY Morrisville for several years. She published more than 30 articles and chapters and presented at over 50 conferences throughout in the United States and Austria. She pioneered a study abroad program focusing on the Austrian African Diaspora in Austria with the University of Graz. She was department chair of the Department of African American Studies at Syracuse University.

University of Graz
The University of Graz (German: Universität Graz, formerly: Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz) in Graz is the largest public research university in Styria and the second oldest university in Austria. Its name is derived from Archduke Charles II of Inner Austria and Francis I of Austria. The University of Graz was founded on January 1, 1585.

The Faculty of Medicine was spun off as the Medical University of Graz on January 1, 2004, under the University Act 2002.
Columbia Hall (Dannebrog, Nebraska)
Columbia Hall, also known as NEHBS #HW04-056, is an historic building located in Dannebrog, Nebraska, United States that was built in 1908. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on July 22, 2005. The building was built by the Danish Brotherhood in America to serve as a meeting hall for the Danish community and the building currently serves as a tourist center and hosts an archive on Danish American history.

National Register of Historic Places listings in Colfax County, Nebraska
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Colfax County, Nebraska.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Colfax County, Nebraska, United States.  The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map.

There are 13 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, and one former listing.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted March 14, 2025.
Billie Heller
Billie Heller (1928 – April 2018) was an American activist. An early advocate for women's rights, she was the founding member and chair of the national committee on the United Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women and a member of the steering committee for the National Women's Political Caucus.

National Women's Political Caucus
The National Women's Political Caucus (NWPC) is an organization which was founded in 1971 by leaders of the women's liberation movement to promote women's participation in government. The group describes itself as a multi-partisan grassroots organization in the United States dedicated to recruiting, training, and supporting women who seek elected and appointed offices at all levels of government. The NWPC endorses female candidates at the state and national level who adhere to the organization's core set of values.
1965 Burundian parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Burundi on 10 May 1965, the first since independence in 1962. Voters elected the National Assembly, which had been reduced from 64 to 33 seats. They followed the assassination of Prime Minister Pierre Ngendandumwe on 15 January 1965, and were won by the ruling Union for National Progress.

Mwambutsa IV of Burundi
Mwambutsa IV Bangiricenge (6 May 1912 – 26 March 1977) was the penultimate king (mwami) of Burundi who ruled between 1915 and 1966. He succeeded to the throne on the death of his father Mutaga IV Mbikije (reigned 1908–15). Born while Burundi was under German colonial rule, Mwambutsa's reign mostly coincided with Belgian colonial rule (1916–62). The Belgians retained the monarchs of both Rwanda and Burundi under the policy of indirect rule.
ChuChu TV
ChuChu TV is an Indian network of YouTube channels that creates edutainment content for children from ages 1 to 6. The network offers animated 2D and 3D videos featuring traditional nursery rhymes, in English, Hindi, Tamil and other languages, as well as original children's songs, stories and Surprise Eggs videos. As of February 2026, ChuChu TV is the 18th most-subscribed channel on the platform YouTube.

Educational entertainment
Educational entertainment, also referred to by the portmanteau edutainment, is media designed to educate through entertainment. The term has been used as early as 1933. Most often it includes content intended to teach but has incidental entertainment value. It has been used by academia, corporations, governments, and other entities in various countries to disseminate information in classrooms and/or via television, radio, and other media to influence viewers' opinions and behaviors.
Åstol
Åstol (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈôːstuːl]) is a locality situated south of Tjörn Municipality (close to Marstrand), Västra Götaland County, Sweden with 210 inhabitants in 2010.

Åstol is an island and a locality in Tjörn Municipality in Rönnäng Parish situated in the Province of Bohuslän. In 2015, Åstol lost its status as an urban area due to its population decreasing to under 200 residents. Instead, the island came to constitute a small residential area. The island is located just south of Tjörn (near Marstrand) and has approximately 200 year-round residents. The island can be reached via the Hakefjord ferry which departs from Rönnäng on Tjörn and also serves Tjörnekalv, as well as Åstol's neighboring island, Dyrön. During the summertime, there is a ferry which connects the island to and from Marstrand.

Västra Götaland County
Västra Götaland County  (Swedish: Västra Götalands län) is a county or län on the western coast of Sweden.

The county is the second most populous of Sweden's counties and it comprises 49 municipalities (kommuner). Its population of 1,616,000 amounts to 17% of Sweden's population. The formal capital and seat of the governor of Västra Götaland County is Gothenburg. The political capital and seat of the Västra Götaland Regional Council is Vänersborg.

The county was established on 1 January 1998, when Älvsborg County, Gothenburg and Bohus County and Skaraborg County were merged.
Rail transport in Iraq
Rail transport in Iraq is owned and operated by the state-owned Iraqi Republic Railways.

The network comprises 2,272 kilometres (1,412 mi) of 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge. It has one international interchange, with Syrian Railways at Rabiya. The system runs from Rabiya southward through Mosul, Baiji, and Baghdad to Basra, with a branch line from Shouaiba Junction (near Basra) to the ports of Khor Az Zubair and Umm Qasr, westward from Baghdad through Ramadi and Haqlaniya to Al-Qa'im and Husayba, with a branch line from Al-Qa'im to Akashat, and east–west from Haqlaniya through Bayji to Kirkuk.

Syrian Railways
Syrian Railways Corporation (Arabic: مؤسسة الخطوط الحديدية السورية, romanized: Muʾassasah al-Khuṭūṭ al-Ḥadīdīyah al-Sūrīyah, French: Chemins de fer syriens, CFS) is a government-owned national railway operator for the state of Syria, subordinate to the Ministry of Transport. Syrian Railways is the owner of Syria's railway network.

It was established in 1956 and is headquartered in Aleppo. For operational purposes the company is divided into three regions: Central, Eastern and Northern.
Patrick McMillan
Patrick McMillan (born 1991) is an Irish alpine ski racer.

McMillan was born in Letterkenny, moved to County Clare at five and began attending boarding school in Dublin at 12 years old. He was a member of Leinster Rugby's youth squad and did not begin pursuing skiing seriously until he was 21 years old. In 2012, McMillan relocated to the Austrian Alps to train full-time.
Pat is also an official member of House Slytherin.
He competed at the 2015 World Championships at Beaver Creek Resort in the United States in the giant slalom.

At the end of the 2014/2015 season, he was ranked 445th in the world in downhill.

McMillan made his Olympic debut at the 2018 Winter Olympics and became the second Irishman to ever compete in downhill skiing
at the Olympics; Patrick-Paul Schwarzacher-Joyce competed in 1998 and 2002.

Central Eastern Alps
The Central Eastern Alps (German: Zentralalpen or Zentrale Ostalpen), also referred to as Austrian Central Alps (German: Österreichische Zentralalpen) or just Central Alps, comprise the main chain of the Eastern Alps in Austria and the adjacent regions of Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Italy and Slovenia. South of them is the Southern Limestone Alps.

The term "Central Alps" is very common in the Geography of Austria as one of the seven major landscape regions of the country. "Central Eastern Alps" is usually used in connection with the Alpine Club classification of the Eastern Alps (Alpenvereinseinteilung, AVE). The Central Alps form the eastern part of the Alpine divide, its central chain of mountains, as well as those ranges that extend or accompany it to the north and south.

The highest mountain in the Austrian Central Alps is Grossglockner at 3,798 metres (12,461 ft).
Sergio Armando Valls
Sergio Armando Valls Hernández (May 20, 1941 – December 3, 2014) was a Mexican jurist who was a member of the Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation until 2004. Born in Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Valls Hernández studied law at the National Autonomous University of Mexico.

He served as Magistrate of the Superior Court of Justice of the Federal District and served as Legal Director of the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS). Justice Valls Hernández also served as a PRI deputy in the Chamber of Deputies (the lower house of Congress) during the LIII Legislature, representing Chiapas.

President Vicente Fox nominated him as a Minister (Associate Justice) of the Supreme Court to fill the vacancy left after the death of Humberto Román Palacios in 2004. Valls Hernández was confirmed by the Senate with 85 votes in October 2004. Sergio died on December 3, 2014, at the age of 73.

Associate justice
An associate justice or associate judge  (or simply associate) is a judge of a court other than the chief justice in some jurisdictions. The title "Associate Justice" is used for members of the Supreme Court of the United States and some state supreme courts, and for some other courts in Commonwealth of Nations countries, as well as for members of the Supreme Court of the Federated States of Micronesia, a former United States Trust Territory. In other common law jurisdictions, the equivalent position is called "Puisne Justice".

In several Canadian courts, the term "associate judge" has the same meaning as a Master (judiciary).
Franciszek Pius Radziwiłł
Franciszek Pius Radziwiłł (1 February 1878, in Rome – 1 December 1944) was a Polish noble (prince) and political activist. He was the director of the Military Commission in the Provisional Council of State (1917) and in the government of Jan Kanty Steczkowski in 1918.

Jan Kanty Steczkowski
Jan Kanty Steczkowski (Polish pronunciation: [ˈjan ˈkantɨ stɛt͡ʂˈkɔfskʲi]; 16 October 1862, Dąbrowa Tarnowska – 3 September 1929, Kraków) was a Polish economist, solicitor and politician.

Steczkowski served as Minister of Finance of Poland in the government of Jan Kucharzewski. On 4 April 1918, the Regency Council set up a government in which he became the Prime Minister. His government only lasted until 23 October.

Steczkowski returned to politics in the government of Wincenty Witos (1920–1921), once again leading the Ministry of Finance. Later he was the director of the Bank Gospodarstwa Krajowego (replaced in 1927).
Dorothy Roberts
Dorothy E. Roberts (born March 8, 1956) is an American sociologist, law professor, and social justice advocate. She is the Penn Integrates Knowledge Professor, George A. Weiss University Professor, and inaugural Raymond Pace and Sadie Tanner Mossell Alexander Professor of Civil Rights at the University of Pennsylvania. She writes and lectures on gender, race, and class in legal issues. Her focuses include reproductive health, child welfare, and bioethics. In 2023, she was elected to the American Philosophical Society.  She has published over 80 articles and essays in books and scholarly journals, including Harvard Law Review, Yale Law Journal, and Stanford Law Review. She is a 2024 recipient of the MacArthur "Genius Grant".

Bioethics
Bioethics is both a field of study and professional practice, interested in ethical issues related to health (primarily focused on the human, but also increasingly includes animal ethics), including those emerging from advances in biology, medicine, and technologies. It proposes the discussion about moral discernment in society (what decisions are "good" or "bad" and why) and it is often related to medical policy and practice, but also to broader questions as environment, well-being and public health. Bioethics is concerned with the ethical questions that arise in the relationships among life sciences, biotechnology, medicine, politics, law, theology and philosophy. It includes the study of values relating to primary care, other branches of medicine ("the ethics of the ordinary"), ethical education in science, animal, and environmental ethics, and public health.
1932 Australian Championships – Women's doubles
Second-seeded Coral Buttsworth and Marjorie Crawford defeated the fourth seeds Kathleen Le Messurier and Dorothy Weston 6–2, 6–2 in the final, to win the women's doubles tennis title at the 1932 Australian Championships.

Earlier that day both Mrs. Buttsworth and Mrs. Crawford had already won one title each – Women's singles and Mixed Doubles, respectively.

Coral Buttsworth
Coral Annabell Buttsworth (née McInnes; 7 June 1900 – 20 December 1985) was a female tennis player from Australia who won the singles title at the Australian Championships in 1931 and 1932 and the women's doubles title there in 1932. In 1933 she again made the final of the Australian Championships but was defeated in straight sets by first-seeded Joan Hartigan.

Buttsworth was the only multiple winner of the singles title at the Australian Championships who never won a state singles title. A strong, thick-set woman from Sydney, she was addicted to chopping the ball, with an excellent drop shot, and was quick around the court. She was a player who preferred to maneuver opponents out of position by running them up and back on the court rather than from side to side.