hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Immigration reform in the United States
Reforming the immigration policy of the United States is a subject of political discourse and contention. Immigration has played an essential part in American history, as everyone except for the Native Americans and descendants of enslaved Africans, in the United States is descended from people who migrated to the United States. Some claim that the United States maintains the world's most liberal immigration policy.

Illegal immigration is extremely controversial in the United States, receiving much attention in recent decades yet yielding little legislative consensus or action. Since the failure of the Border Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act of 2013, no significant immigration reform legislation has been enacted. As of 2022, the DACA program is prohibited from adding new beneficiaries but has not been ended or struck down due to the Supreme Court's 2020 decision in Department of Homeland Security v. Regents of the University of California.

Prosecutorial discretion
In common law, the principle of prosecutorial discretion allows public prosecutors a wide latitude to decide whether or not to charge a person for a crime, and which charges to file. A similar principle in continental law countries is called the principle of opportunity.

There is a divide between countries where prosecutions are generally discretionary and where prosecutions are mandatory (known as the legality principle or compulsory prosecution). In addition, in some countries prosecutors operate independently with more discretion vs in a hierarchical system that require more conformity.

Countries following civil-law are predominately based on the principal of compulsory prosecution, although the principle of opportunity is encoded in law in the Netherlands, Germany, Sweden, Slovenia, Belgian law and France. Some similar provisions exist in and in Estonian law.
Waldo Mountain
Waldo Mountain is a summit in Lane County, Oregon, in the United States. with an elevation of 6,361 feet (1,939 m). It is in the Waldo Lake Wilderness and the Willamette National Forest.

The mountain and nearby Waldo Lake were named for John B. Waldo, an Oregon jurist. The Waldo Mountain Fire Lookout stands at the summit.

John B. Waldo
John Breckenridge Waldo (October 6, 1844 – September 2, 1907) was an American politician and jurist from the state of Oregon. A native of Oregon, he grew up near Salem as part of a prominent pioneer political family that included father Daniel and brother William. A trained lawyer, he was elected to the Oregon Supreme Court and served for one term from 1880 to 1886, including as the 13th Chief Justice from 1884 to 1886. He also served one term in the Oregon House of Representatives. Waldo spent many summers in the Cascade Range fostering an appreciation for the natural environment, which led to conservation efforts to preserve the range and later to the naming of several natural features after Waldo, notably Waldo Lake.
Adamu Ciroma
Adamu Ciroma (20 November 1934 – 5 July 2018) was a Nigerian politician and Governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria, born to a Bole family in Potiskum, Yobe State. He was a member of the People's Democratic Party.

Bole language
Bole (bòo pìkkà, also known as Bolanchi, Ampikka, Bopikka, Bolewa, Bolawa) is a West Chadic language spoken in Nigeria.  Dialects include Bara and Fika, spoken in the Fika Emirate. It is spoken by around 250,000 people. Bole is written with the Latin alphabet. Bole has two tones, a high tone marked with an acute accent and a low tone marked with a grave accent.
Garčin railway station
Garčin railway station (Croatian: Željeznička stanica Garčin) is a railway station on Novska–Tovarnik railway. Located in settlement Garčin. Railroad continued to Slavonski Brod in one and the other direction to Andrijevci. Garčin railway station consists of 5 railway track.

M104 railway (Croatia)
The Novska–Tovarnik railway (Croatian: Pruga Novska-Tovarnik), officially designated as the M104 railway, is a 185.4-kilometre (115.2 mi) long railway line in Croatia that connects Novska to the Serbian railway network east of Tovarnik, continuing to the city of Belgrade. It is electrified double-track railway. Its route follows the Sava river valley making it the primary railway line of Slavonia. It is an integral part of railway Pan-European Corridor X running from Salzburg and Ljubljana towards Skopje and Thessaloniki. It is electrified and double-tracked. Until 2014, the railway was classified as M105.
Billy Evans (basketball, born 1932)
William Best Evans (September 13, 1932 – November 22, 2020) was an American basketball player who competed in the 1956 Summer Olympics.  Born in Berea, Kentucky, Evans played collegiately at the University of Kentucky. He was part of the United States basketball team which won the gold medal in 1956.

Evans died on November 22, 2020, at the age of 88.

Berea, Kentucky
Berea (/bəˈriːə/ bə-REE-ə) is a home rule-class city in Madison County, Kentucky, in the United States. The city is best known for its art festivals, historic restaurants and buildings, and as the home to Berea College, a private liberal arts college. The population was 15,539 at the 2020 census. It is one of the fastest-growing cities in Kentucky, having increased by 27.4% since 2000. Berea is a principal city of the Richmond−Berea Micropolitan Statistical Area, which includes Madison and Rockcastle counties. It was formally incorporated by the state assembly in 1890.
Beckingham (surname)
Beckingham or De Beckingham is a surname of English origin, derived from the parishes of the same name in Lincolnshire and Nottinghamshire.

People with the surname include:

Charles Beckingham (1699–1731), English poet and dramatist

Charles Fraser Beckingham, British orientalist

Elias Beckingham (died 1307), English judge

John Beckingham (1510–1566), English politician, MP for Salisbury

Peter Beckingham (born 1949), British diplomat and Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands

Steven Beckingham (born 1978), English actor

People born with the surname but known by other names include:

Anne Dudley (born 1956), musician (Art of Noise) and film score composer, born Anne Beckingham

Simon Pegg (born 1970), English actor, born Simon Beckingham

Bobby Valentino (British musician), born Robert Beckingham

Elias Beckingham
Ellis Beckingham, named Ellis of Beckingham in some sources, (died 1307?) was a parish priest for Warmington, Northamptonshire, which at the time was under the authority of Peterborough Abbey, and with which Beckingham had a close relationship throughout his life. He both assisted the Abbey legally and increased his wealth through their grants. He was also a royal judge, and is possibly best known for being the only English judge to keep his position when most of his colleagues were dismissed. As a result, he has been called "with one exception the only honest judge" of the time. The dates of his birth and death are unknown, but he is thought to have died in around 1307.
Emanuil Dyulgerov
Emanuil Atanasov Dyulgerov (Bulgarian: Емануил Атанасов Дюлгеров; 7 February 1955 – 26 June 2023) was a hammer thrower from Bulgaria, who competed for his native country at the 1980 Summer Olympics. He set his personal best (80.64 metres) in 1984. He lived in Sofia and worked as an athletics trainer. He has two daughters, called Stela Dyulgerova (not his biological daughter) and Violeta Dyulgerova.

Hammer throw
The hammer throw (Abbreviated as HT) is one of the four throwing events in regular outdoor track-and-field competitions, along with the discus throw, shot put and javelin.

The hammer used in this sport is not like any of the tools also called by that name. It consists of a metal ball attached by a steel wire to a grip. These three components are each separate and can move independently. Both the size and weight of the ball vary between men's and women's events. The men's hammer weighs 7.26 kilograms (16 lb) for college and professional meets; the women's hammer weighs 4 kilograms (8.8 lb).
Heikki Liedes
Heikki Liedes (born January 12, 1993) is a Finnish professional ice hockey player. He is currently playing with Luleå HF in the Swedish Hockey League (SHL).

Liedes made his Liiga debut playing with KalPa during the 2013–14 Liiga season.

After spending the first 12 professional seasons of his career in the Liiga, Liedes as a free agent was signed to a one-year contract with Swedish champions, Luleå HF of the SHL, for the 2025–26 season on 30 May 2025.

Luleå HF
Luleå Hockeyförening, also known as Luleå Hockey, is a professional ice hockey club from Luleå, Sweden. The club has been playing in the Swedish Hockey League (SHL), the top tier of ice hockey in Sweden, since the 1984–85 season. They are the northernmost team in the league and have won the Swedish championships twice, in 1996 and 2025. Since being promoted to the top flight (then called Elitserien) in 1984, the team has not once had to participate in a promotion/relegation-qualifier to defend their spot in the top league.
S.S. Mausoof
S.S. Mausoof is a Pakistani-American writer and filmmaker who lives in San Francisco.

Mausoof's feature narrative, Kala Pul, The Black Bridge (2006), is a noir thriller shot in Karachi by Markus Huersch and was short listed at the Singapore Media Development Authority's Asian Festival of First Films. The film also won the best in category award at NJ Cinefest. His other works include the critically acclaimed short film, Absolution (2010) and a unique documentary on the Indus valley civilization, In Search of Meluhha: The Story Of Mohenjodaro. Maysoof's debut novel, The Warehouse, has been published by Hachette in India and is scheduled to be published in the UK, France and Spain.

Mohenjo-daro
Mohenjo-daro (/moʊˌhɛndʒoʊ ˈdɑːroʊ/; Sindhi: موهن جو دڙو‎, lit. 'Mound of the Dead Men'; Urdu: موئن جو دڑو [muˑənⁱ dʑoˑ d̪əɽoˑ]) is an archaeological site in Larkana District, Sindh, Pakistan. Built c. 2500 BCE, it was one of the largest settlements of the ancient Indus Valley Civilisation, and one of the world's earliest major cities, contemporaneous with the civilisations of ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, Minoa, and Norte Chico.

With an estimated population of at least 40,000 people, Mohenjo-daro prospered for several centuries, but c. 1700 BCE had been abandoned, along with other large cities of the Indus Valley Civilisation.

The site was rediscovered in the 1920s. Significant excavation has since been conducted at the site of the city, which was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1980, the first site in South Asia to be so designated. The site is currently threatened by erosion and improper restoration.
Bald Ridge Creek
Bald Ridge Creek (also spelled Baldridge Creek) is a stream in northwest Texas County and southeast Pulaski County in the Ozarks of southern Missouri. It is a tributary of the Big Piney River. The headwaters of the stream arise to the southeast of Evening Shade and northeast of Missouri Route 17. The confluence with the Big Piney River is in Pulaski County southeast of the community of Big Piney and west of the community of Duke in Phelps County.

Bald Ridge Creek has the name of the local Baldridge family, original owners of the site.

Evening Shade, Missouri
Evening Shade is an unincorporated community in northwest Texas County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.

The community is located on Missouri Route AW, approximately four miles north of Roby. The community of Old Evening Shade is about two miles to the northwest.
Sultan Abdul Halim ferry terminal bridge collapse
The Sultan Abdul Halim ferry terminal bridge collapse was a disaster of the Penang Ferry Service which occurred on 31 July 1988, at the Sultan Abdul Halim Ferry Terminal in Butterworth, Penang, Malaysia. The collapse caused the deaths of 32 people and injured 1,634 people. It was blamed on overcrowding and the jetty being made out of steel bars.

Transport Minister Ling Liong Sik pledged a full and open inquiry to determine its causes, with Chief Minister Lim Chong Eu promising to help the victims through a welfare fund.

Ling Liong Sik
Ling Liong Sik (simplified Chinese: 林良实; traditional Chinese: 林良實; pinyin: Lín Liángshí; Foochow Romanized: Lìng Liòng-sĭk; born 18 September 1943) is a Malaysian politician. He was the sixth president of the Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA), a component party of Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition and also the former Minister of Transport. Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak filed the suit against Ling Liong Sik on 2015, alleging that Ling had made libellous remarks against him in an article carried on a news portal.

He is the current chancellor and former chairman of the Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR). UTAR's Dewan Tun Dr. Ling Liong Sik is named in honour after him.

In 27 October 2015, Prime Minister Najib Razak sued Ling Liong Sik for allegedly implying that he had misused public fund for his personal interests. In 22 May 2018, Najib withdrew his defamation suit against Ling Liong Sik over the alleged misuse of public funds.
Fath-Ali Khan Daghestani
Fath-Ali Khan Daghestani (Persian: فتحعلی خان داغستانی), was a Lezgian nobleman, who served as the Grand Vizier of the Safavid shah (king) Soltan Hoseyn (r. 1694–1722) from 1716 to 1720.

A member of an aristocratic Lezgian family native to Daghestan, Daghestani was unlike the earlier Safavid grand viziers, a Sunnite, which was a religious sect of Islam that often faced persecution from the Safavid state. Although this did not stop Daghestani from rising in power and influence—in July 1716, he was appointed as grand vizier by the indecisive and weak Sultan Husayn, who had little interest in political affairs, thus letting Daghestani take care of most of the affairs of the country.

This, however, resulted in Daghestani making a lot of enemies, who eventually in 1720 had Daghestani removed from power by a ruse. He was thereafter blinded and exiled in Shiraz, where he later died. He was succeeded by Mohammad Qoli Khan Shamlu.

Shah
Shāh (/ʃɑː/; Persian: شاه [ˈʃaːɦ] ⓘ) is a royal title meaning 'king' in Persian. Though chiefly associated with the monarchs of Iran, it was also used to refer to the leaders of numerous Persianate societies, such as the Ottoman Empire, the Khanate of Bukhara and the Emirate of Bukhara, the Mughal Empire, the Bengal Sultanate, and various Afghan dynasties, as well as among Gurkhas. With regard to Iranian history, in particular, each ruling monarch was not seen simply as the head of the concurrent dynasty and state, but as the successor to a long line of royalty beginning with the original Persian Empire of Cyrus the Great. To this end, he was more emphatically known as the Shāhanshāh (شاهنشاه, šāhanšāh, 'king of kings' [ˌʃaːhanˈʃaːɦ]), since the Achaemenid dynasty. A roughly equivalent title is Pādishāh (پادشاه, pādišāh, pādšāh, 'master king'), which was most widespread during the Muslim period in the Indian subcontinent.
Butterflies (Patti Page song)
"Butterflies" is a popular song, written by Bob Merrill and recorded by Patti Page in 1953.

It was released by Mercury Records as catalog number 70183.

It entered on the Billboard chart on July 18, 1953 and lasted 10 weeks, peaking at number 10. On the Cash Box charts, it peaked at number 11.

Bob Merrill
Henry Robert Merrill Levan (May 17, 1921 – February 17, 1998) was an American songwriter, theatrical composer, lyricist, and screenwriter. Merrill was one of the most successful songwriters of the 1950s on the US and  UK single charts. His musicals for the Broadway stage include Carnival! (music and lyrics) and Funny Girl (lyrics).

Merrill played an important role in American popular music, tapping out many of the hit parade songs of the 1950s on a toy xylophone, including "(How Much Is) That Doggie in the Window?", "Mambo Italiano", and "If I Knew You Were Comin' I'd've Baked a Cake".

Merrill was inducted to the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1987. Other career accolades include five Tony Award nominations, as well as the New York Drama Critics' Circle Award for his work on Carnival! in 1961.
Intermunicipal Historical Archives of Čačak
The Intermunicipal Historical Archives of Čačak (Serbian: Међуопштински историјски архив Чачак) are the primary institution responsible for preservation of archival materials in the Moravica District located in Čačak, Serbia. The archives are primarily covering municipalities of Čačak, Gornji Milanovac, and Lučani. The archives hold a total of 561 fonds, of which 21 are of exceptional importance, and 60 fonds have been declared cultural treasures of significant importance. Since 1968, the archive is housed in the same building with the Museum in Čačak.

Gornji Milanovac
Gornji Milanovac (Serbian Cyrillic: Гoрњи Милановац, pronounced [ɡôːrɲiː mǐlanoʋats] ⓘ) is a town and municipality located in the Moravica District of central Serbia. The population of the town is 23,109, while the population of the municipality is 38,985 (2022 census data).

The town was founded in 1853 as Despotovica (Деспотовица), after the river passing by the town. In 1859 the name was changed to Gornji Milanovac at the request of Prince Miloš Obrenović. Its name means Upper Milanovac (there is a Lower Milanovac as well, while Milanovac was named so in honour of revolutionary Milan Obrenović).

The microregion of Rudnik–Takovo (Serbian: Рудничко-таковски крај), or simply Takovo (Serbian: Таково, Таковски крај), in the broader sense roughly corresponds to the modern municipality of Gornji Milanovac. It includes the southern foothills of the Rudnik mountain, and northern foothills of Suvobor and Maljen. Some villages in the municipality are part of the Kačer region.
Cedar Hill, Texas
Cedar Hill is a city in Dallas and Ellis counties in the U.S. state of Texas. It is located approximately 16 miles (26 km) southwest of downtown Dallas and is situated along the eastern shore of Joe Pool Lake and Cedar Hill State Park. Per the 2020 United States census, the population was 49,148. Cedar Hill is a suburb of the city of Dallas and is part of the Best Southwest area, which includes the nearby cities of DeSoto, Duncanville, and Lancaster.

Early in its history, Cedar Hill lay along a branch of the Chisholm Trail and served as the temporary county seat of Dallas County. In 1856, a tornado swept through the town, killing nine people and destroying most of its buildings. The seat of the county was moved to Dallas not long after.

Chisholm Trail
The Chisholm Trail (/ˈtʃɪzəm/ CHIZ-əm) was a stock trail and wagon route used in the post-Civil War era to drive cattle overland from ranches in southern Texas, across the Red River into Indian Territory, and northward to rail stops in Kansas. The trail consisted of a pathway established by Black Beaver in 1861 and a wagon road established by Jesse Chisholm around 1864. "The Chisholm Wagon Road went from Chisholm's trading post on the south Canadian River (north of Fort Arbuckle) to the Cimarron River crossing, to the Arkansas River at the future site of Wichita where Chisholm had another trading post and on north to Abilene," according to the Kraisingers. By 1869, the entire trail from Texas to Kansas became known as the Chisholm Trail.
Conrad Worrill
Conrad Worrill (August 15, 1941 – June 3, 2020) was an African-American writer, educator, activist, and talk show host for the WVON call-in program On Target. Organizations he was involved with included the Million Man March, and the National Black United Front. Worrill's activism centered on the need for greater independence in African-American life, and helping young people better understand the relationships between power and institutions.

WVON
WVON (1690 AM "The Voice of the Nation", originally "Voice of the Negro") is a radio station serving the Chicago market, which airs an African-American-oriented talk format. WVON is operated by Midway Broadcasting Corporation via a local marketing agreement with frequency owner iHeartMedia.

WVON's predecessor station began catering to an African-American audience in the 1940s. In 1963 Chess Records bought the station and debuted WVON, with its programming of soul, and rhythm and blues music becoming very popular throughout the 1960s. The station's news and commentary also played an active role during the Civil Rights Movement during this era. Its African-American-oriented talk format began in 1986. The station served as a springboard for Barack Obama during the early days of his political career.

Licensed to Berwyn, Illinois, WVON has studios in the South Loop, and its transmitter is located at 87th and Kedzie in Chicago's Ashburn community.
1963 Davis Cup
The 1963 Davis Cup was the 52nd edition of the Davis Cup, the most important tournament between national teams in men's tennis. 32 teams entered the Europe Zone, 9 teams entered the Eastern Zone, and 7 teams entered the America Zone. Rhodesia made its first appearance in the tournament.

The United States defeated Venezuela in the America Zone final, India defeated Japan in the Eastern Zone final, and Great Britain defeated Sweden in the Europe Zone final. In the Inter-Zonal Zone, the United States defeated Great Britain in the semifinal, and then defeated India in the final. The United States then defeated the defending champions Australia in the Challenge Round, ending Australia's four-year title run. The final was played at Memorial Drive Park in Adelaide, Australia on 26–28 December.

India Davis Cup team
The India Davis Cup team represents India in Davis Cup tennis competition and are governed by the All India Tennis Association.

India competed in its first Davis Cup in 1921. India finished as runners-up 3 times (1966, 1974, 1987), the most by any nation from Asia proper. In 1974, the final was scratched and South Africa were awarded the Davis Cup after India refused to participate in the final due to the South African government's apartheid policies. India were strong favorites to win with Vijay Amritraj and Anand Amritraj at their best.

Only Romania and India have contested more than one final without being crowned champion. In the 1974 Eastern Zone Final, India and Australia established a record for the most number of games in a tie, 327.
North Gaoqiao station
North Gaoqiao station (Chinese: 高桥北站; pinyin: Gāoqiáo Běizhàn) is a subway station in Yuhua District, Changsha, Hunan, China, operated by the Changsha subway operator Changsha Metro. It entered revenue service on 28 June 2020.

Yuhua, Changsha
Yuhua District (simplified Chinese: 雨花区; traditional Chinese: 雨花區; pinyin: Yǔhuā Qū; lit. 'rain flower') is one of six urban districts of the prefecture-level city of Changsha, the capital of Hunan Province, China. The district is bordered by Yuetang District of Xiangtan to the south, Changsha County to the east, Furong District to the north, Tianxin District to the west. Located in the southern central Changsha, Yuhua covers 304.9 km2 (117.7 sq mi) with population of 764,700 (as of 2016). The district has 12 subdistricts and 1 town under its jurisdiction. Its administrative centre is at Guitang subdistrict.
Lü Liping
Lǚ Lìpíng (Chinese: 吕丽萍; born 3 April 1960) is a Chinese actress.

Her career accolades include one Golden Rooster Award, Flying Apsaras Award, Golden Horse Award, and Golden Phoenix Award, as well as two Hundred Flowers Awards, Golden Eagle Awards and Chinese Film Media Awards. She has also won the 6th Tokyo International Film Festival – Best Actress, 1st Singapore International Film Festival – Best Actress, and 13th Shanghai International Film Festival – Best Actress.

Singapore International Film Festival
The Singapore International Film Festival (SGIFF) (Chinese: 新加坡国际电影节) is the longest-running film festival in Singapore, founded in 1987.

The 36th Singapore International Film Festival took place from 26 November to 7 December 2025.