hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Paul Erasmus
Paul Erasmus was a South African Security Police officer who testified to the Goldstone Commission, and later the Truth and Reconciliation Commission about police dirty tricks and violence during the apartheid era. This testimony revealed the existence of a unit in the Security Police called STRATCOM (Strategic Communications) that specialised in misinformation and propaganda against opponents of the regime. Erasmus also testified on the police efforts to discredit Winnie Madikizela-Mandela by spreading false rumours about sexual affairs and drug use.

Before joining STRATCOM, Erasmus had served in the counter-insurgency campaign in Namibia, as part of the Koevoet police unit.

Truth and Reconciliation Commission (South Africa)
The Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) was a court-like restorative justice body assembled in South Africa in 1996 after the end of apartheid. Authorised by Nelson Mandela and chaired by Desmond Tutu, the commission invited witnesses who were identified as victims of gross human rights violations to give statements about their experiences, and selected some for public hearings. Perpetrators of violence could also give testimony and request amnesty from both civil and criminal prosecution.

The Institute for Justice and Reconciliation was established in 2000 as the successor organisation of the TRC.
Saint-Barthélemy French
Saint-Barthélemy French or St. Barts patois (French: patois Saint-Barth, pronounced [patwa sɛ̃ baʁt]) is the dialect of French spoken on the French-controlled Caribbean island of Saint-Barthélemy and by a small emigrant community on Saint Thomas in the US Virgin Islands.

Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands
Saint Thomas (Danish: Sankt Thomas, Spanish: Santo Tomás, French: Saint-Thomas) is one of the U.S. Virgin Islands in the Caribbean Sea, and a constituent district of the United States Virgin Islands (USVI), an unincorporated territory of the United States. Along with surrounding minor islands, it is one of three county equivalents in the USVI. Together with Saint John, it forms one of the districts of the USVI. The territorial capital and port of Charlotte Amalie is located on the island.

Of the three islands, St. Thomas is the second largest, with St. Croix being the largest, and St. John, the smallest. As of the 2010 census, the population of Saint Thomas was 51,634, about 48.5% of the total population of the United States Virgin Islands. Crown Mountain is the highest point in Saint Thomas and in the entire United States Virgin Islands. Hence, it is called "Rock City". The island has a land area of 32 square miles (83 km2).
Peter Jacob Hjelm
Peter (Petter) Jacob Hjelm (2 October 1746 – 7 October 1813) was a Swedish chemist and the first person to isolate the element molybdenum in 1781, four years after its discovery by Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele. Working with Molybdic acid, Hjelm chemically reduced molybdenum oxide with carbon in an oxygen-free atmosphere, resulting in carbon dioxide and a near-pure dark metal powder to which he gave the name 'molybdenum'. His first publication on molybdenum appeared in 1790.

Molybdic acid
Molybdic acid refers to hydrated forms of molybdenum trioxide and related species.  The monohydrate (MoO3·H2O) and the dihydrate (MoO3·2H2O) are well characterized.  They are yellow diamagnetic solids.
Gat Decor
Gat Decor (or Gat Décor) were an English electronic music group popular with the 1992 song "Passion". The song is considered to be one of the best-known works of the early progressive house genre.

The main contributors of the team are the British DJs and producers, Simon Slater, Laurence Nelson-Boudville and Simon Hanson. The name 'Gat Decor' was derived from an anagram of 'Tag Records', a record store based in Soho, London.

Although Gat Decor does not have an extensive catalog (two proper singles and a handful of remixes), the act and "Passion" are widely considered influential to electronic dance music in the early 1990s; and Slater still continues to license "Passion".

Record shop
A record shop or record store is a retail outlet that sells recorded music. Per the name, in the late 19th century and the early 20th century, record shops only sold gramophone records. But over the course of the 20th century, record shops sold the new formats that were developed, such as eight track tapes, compact cassettes and compact discs (CDs). Today, in the 21st century, record stores mainly sell CDs, vinyl records and, in some cases, DVDs of movies, TV shows, cartoons and concerts. Some record stores also sell music-related items such as posters of bands or singers, related clothing items and even merchandise such as bags and coffee mugs.

Even when CDs became popular during the 1990s, people in English-speaking countries continued using the term "record shop" to describe a shop selling sound recordings. With the vinyl revival of the 21st century, often generating more income than CDs, the name is again accurate.
Phytoglobin
Phytoglobins are globular plant (algae and land plant) proteins classified into the globin superfamily, which contain a heme, i.e. protoporphyrin IX-Fe, prosthetic group. The earliest known phytoglobins are leghemoglobins, discovered in 1939 by Kubo after spectroscopic and chemical analysis of the red pigment of soybean root nodules. A few decades after Kubo's report the crystallization of a lupin phytoglobin (known as leghemoglobin) by Vainshtein and collaborators revealed that the tertiary structure of this protein and that of the sperm whale myoglobin was remarkably similar, thus indicating that the phytoglobin discovered by Kubo did indeed correspond to a globin.

One important function of phytoglobin is its nitric oxide dioxygenase activity.

Protoporphyrin IX
Protoporphyrin IX is an organic compound, classified as a porphyrin, that plays an important role in living organisms as a precursor to other critical compounds like heme (hemoglobin) and chlorophyll. It is a deeply colored solid that is not soluble in water. The name is often abbreviated as PPIX.

Protoporphyrin IX contains a porphine core, a tetrapyrrole macrocycle with a marked aromatic character. Protoporphyrin IX is essentially planar, except for the N-H bonds that are bent out of the plane of the rings, in opposite (trans) directions.
Anna Shternshis
Anna Shternshis is an Al and Malka Green Professor of Yiddish studies and the director of the Anne Tanenbaum Centre for Jewish Studies at the University of Toronto. Her research interests include Jewish culture in the Soviet Union; Jewish-Slavic cultural relations; Yiddish mass culture, theatre, and music.

She received her M.A. degree from Russian State University for the Humanities and Ph.D. degree in Modern Languages and Literatures from Oxford University in 2001.

Shternshis is the author of two books, as well as over 20 articles  and book chapters. She is the co-editor-in-chief of East European Jewish Affairs.

Shternshis together with composer/performer and slavist Psoy Korolenko created and directed Yiddish Glory, a project to release the forgotten Yiddish songs written during the Holocaust in the Soviet Union. It was nominated and shortlisted for the 61st Annual Grammy Award in the world music category.

Psoy Korolenko
Psoy Galaktionovich Korolenko (Russian: Псой Галактионович Короленко; born April 26, 1967) is a pseudonym of a Russian songwriter and performer by the name of Pavel Eduardovich Lion (Russian: Павел Эдуардович Лион). Pavel Lion is also a slavist with a Ph.D. in Russian literature.
Samuel Dunlop
Col. Samuel Dunlop, CMG (8 March 1838 – 28 June 1917) was a British  civil servant and officer in the Royal Artillery. He served in several capacities as a member of the Straits Settlements civil service but is perhaps best known as the Inspector-General of Police, in Singapore.

Dunlop was born in Derriaghy, County Antrim, the son of Samuel Dunlop. He was the father of Sir Thomas Dacre Dunlop. He died in Highgate, London, aged 79.

Derriaghy
Derriaghy, (/ˌdɛrɪˈæxi/; also known as Derryaghy), (from Irish Doire Achaidh, meaning 'oak-wood of the field'), is a townland (of 538 acres) and civil parish in County Antrim, Northern Ireland, 5.5 miles (9 km) south-west of Belfast city centre. The townland is situated in the historic barony of Belfast Upper and the civil parish covers areas of both Belfast Upper and the barony of Massereene Upper.
Bheemaa
Bheemaa is a 2008 Indian Tamil-language crime action film written and directed by N. Lingusamy, and produced by A. M. Rathnam. It stars Vikram, Trisha, Prakash Raj, Raghuvaran, and Ashish Vidyarthi. The film score and soundtrack was composed by Harris Jayaraj; whilst the cinematography was handled R. D. Rajasekhar, and edited by Anthony. After two years of production delays, the film was released on 15 January 2008, to mixed reviews.

Raghuvaran
Raghuvaran Velayuthan Nair (11 December 1958 – 19 March 2008) was an Indian actor who predominantly acted in films made in South India. He has acted in more than 200 Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Kannada and Hindi films. According to the Hindustan Times, "the actor had carved a niche for himself with his special style and voice modulation."

He played the protagonist of a Tamil soap opera, Oru Manithanin Kathai, about a well-to-do man who becomes an alcoholic. He received critical acclaim for his role as Father Alphonso in the Malayalam movie Daivathinte Vikruthikal, directed by Lenin Rajendran and based on M. Mukundan's novel of the same name.

Raghuvaran's six-song music album, composed and sung by him, were officially released by actor Rajinikanth and the album was received by actress Rohini and Raghuvaran's son Rishi Varan.
NRP Vasco da Gama
The following ships of the Portuguese Navy have been named Vasco da Gama;

Portuguese ironclad Vasco da Gama, an ironclad in service from 1878 to 1935.

NRP Vasco da Gama (F478), a Bay-class frigate acquired from the United Kingdom, formerly HMS Mounts Bay, in service from 1961 to 1971

NRP Vasco da Gama (F330), a frigate that entered into service in 1991

Bay-class frigate
The Bay class was a class of 26 anti-aircraft (A/A) frigates built for the Royal Navy under the 1943 War Emergency Programme during World War II (one of which was cancelled and six completed as despatch vessels or survey ships). They were based on the hulls of incomplete Loch class anti-submarine (A/S) frigates.

In 1959 and 1961, four frigates of the class (Bigbury Bay, Burghead Bay, Morecambe Bay and Mounts Bay) were transferred to the Portuguese Navy. Between 1966 and 1968, based in Mozambique, these ships were part of the Portuguese naval deterrent force against the Royal Navy Beira Patrol which was trying to enforce sanctions against Rhodesia. In 1966 the Portuguese Navy also bought the survey vessel Dalrymple which served until 1983.
Barhapple Loch
Barhapple Loch is a small semicircular freshwater loch located in Wigtownshire, Dumfries and Galloway in Scotland. Barhapple Loch is principally known for the discovery of a Crannog in 1878 on the loch, when it was drained.

Loch
Loch (/lɒx/ LOKH) is a word meaning "lake" or "sea inlet" in Scottish and Irish Gaelic, subsequently borrowed into English. In Irish contexts, it often appears in the anglicized form "lough". A small loch is sometimes called a lochan. Lochs which connect to the sea may be called "sea lochs" or "sea loughs".
G2G Racing
G2G Racing, also known as Glory 2 God Racing, was an American stock car racing team that competed in the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series, fielding the No. 47 Toyota Tundra part-time for multiple drivers.

Ray Ciccarelli
Raymond J. Ciccarelli (born January 20, 1970) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He last competed part-time in the NASCAR Camping World Truck Series, driving the No. 49 Chevrolet Silverado for his own team, CMI Motorsports. He has also competed in what are now the ARCA Menards Series and ARCA Menards Series East in the past.
Madge Freeman
Frances Margot ('Madge') Freeman (1895–1977) was an Australian painter of landscape and urban scenes working internationally who was known for her watercolour, and for her craft of lacquerwork and enamelware.

Bendigo Art Gallery
Bendigo Art Gallery is an Australian art gallery located in Bendigo, Victoria. It is one of the oldest and largest regional art galleries. The gallery is owned and managed by the City of Greater Bendigo.
Fredrik Warg
Bo John Fredrik Warg (born May 3, 1979 in Skellefteå, Sweden) is a retired forward who last played for the ERC Ingolstadt hockey team in Austria. He also played for Björklöven, Modo and Timrå IK.
He reached an agreement with Dinamo Riga of KHL and joined his fellow countryman Björn Melin for 11-12 season.

Timrå IK
Timrå Ishockeyklubb is a professional Swedish ice hockey team based in Timrå, north of Sundsvall. It competes in the Swedish Hockey League (SHL), which is the top-tier league in Sweden, since being promoted by winning 2021 SHL qualifiers. Previous seasons in the top Swedish division include 1956–57 to 1975–76, 1977–78, 1981–82, 2000–01 to 2012–13 and 2018–19. The team's home venue is Timrå Isstadion with a capacity of 6,000 spectators.

The club was founded on 11 May 1928 as a boxing club and started the ice hockey section in 1937. Timrå are historically traditional rivals with Modo Hockey since they both are situated in Västernorrland County and are playing in the professional ice hockey leagues in Sweden.
A Practical Guide to Astral Projection
A Practical Guide to Astral Projection is an EP and the second studio record by American rock band Nymphs. It was produced by Bill Price and released in 1992 on DGC Records. The EP consists of demos of "The Highway" and "Alright" the band made prior to being signed, a previously unreleased cover of Badfinger's "Come and Get It" plus the album versions of "Imitating Angels" and "Wasting My Days". The EP was released after the band broke up.

DGC Records
DGC Records (an initialism for the David Geffen Company) was an American record label that operated as a division of Interscope Geffen A&M Records, which is owned by Universal Music Group.

In 1999, after the PolyGram merger into UMG which created the Interscope Geffen A&M unit, DGC was absorbed into Geffen Records, but was later revived in 2007 before being merged into Geffen again in September 2021 following eight years of inactivity.

The most famous group they signed was Nirvana.
Ferdinand Ouedraogo
Ferdinand Ouedraogo is a Burkinabe politician. He is the current Chief of Staff in Burkina Faso, having been appointed to the position in 2022 by the current interim president of Burkina Faso, Ibrahim Traoré. His term began on 21 October 2022.

Acting president
An acting president is a person who temporarily fills the role of a country's president when the incumbent president is unavailable (such as by illness or visiting abroad) or when the post is vacant (such as for death, resignation or removal from office). The following articles detail the constitutional role of an acting president in various countries:

Vice President of Chile

Acting President of Colombia

Acting President of France

Acting President of Georgia

Acting Head of State of Germany

Interim and Acting President of Israel

Acting President of Indonesia (Emergency Cabinet)

Acting President of Italy

Acting President of Kazakhstan

Acting President of Moldova

Acting President of Pakistan

Acting President of Poland

Acting President of Romania

Acting President of Russia

Acting President of Sri Lanka

Acting President of Turkey

Acting President of the United States
Astrid Ahnfelt
Astrid Ahnfelt (1876–1962) was a Swedish author, translator, foreign correspondent, and journal editor who wrote short stories and novels in both Swedish and Italian. She is remembered principally for fostering cultural exchanges between Sweden and Italy. Her novel I blindo (1908) about Swedes living in Italy is partly autobiographical.

Italy–Sweden relations
Italy and Sweden have maintained bilateral relations since the 19th century. Italy has an embassy in Stockholm and Sweden has one in Rome; both countries also have several consulates.

When Italy bombed the Swedish ambulance in Abyssinia in December 1935, protests began.

Today (as of 2012) the ties can be described as strong, especially because of Italian immigrants settling in Sweden after World War II while an increasing number of Swedish charter tourists began to travel to Italy. Since the late 1940s, many Swedish soccer players have been successful in Italian club teams.
Both countries are full members of Council of Europe, NATO and European Union.
Chautisa
Chautisa or Chautisha (Odia: ଚଉତିଶା) is a genre of literary composition in Indian literature. It was popular form of writing in medieval Indian poetry. It is a form of constrained writing where each verse begins with consecutive letters of the alphabet, typically starting with the first consonant. The word 'Chautisa' means thirty four, signifying the number of consonants in Odia script.

Constrained writing
Constrained writing is a literary technique in which the writer is bound by some condition that forbids certain things or imposes a pattern.

Constraints are very common in poetry, which often requires the writer to use a particular verse form.
Larry Robinson (politician)
Larry J. Robinson (October 3, 1949 – September 3, 2025) was an American politician who served as a member of the North Dakota Senate for the 24th district from 1989 to 2020. He was a member of the North Dakota Democratic–Nonpartisan League Party.

Robinson died at a hospital in Minneapolis, Minnesota, on September 3, 2025, at the age of 75.

North Dakota Democratic–Nonpartisan League Party
The North Dakota Democratic–Nonpartisan League Party (abbreviated Democratic-NPL or simply D-NPL) is the North Dakota affiliate of the national Democratic Party. It was formed by the 1956 merger of the state Democratic Party with the Nonpartisan League; the state previously had a three-party political system. The D-NPL is one of only two state Democratic Party affiliates to have a different name from the central party, the other being the neighboring Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party.

The party holds 5 seats in the North Dakota Senate, and 11 seats in the North Dakota House of Representatives.
Josefina López (taekwondo)
Josefina López Pérez (born 29 July 1969) is a Spanish former taekwondo practitioner. She won the bronze medal at the 1988 Summer Olympics, where taekwondo was a demonstration sport, in the bantamweight event. At the World Taekwondo Championships she won the silver medal in 1987 and the bronze medal in 1991. At the European Taekwondo Championships she won the silver medal in 1992 and the bronze medal in 1988.

World Taekwondo Championships
The World Taekwondo Championship is held every two years by World Taekwondo. In addition to the kyorugi (full contact fighting) Championships, there are also Para World Championships as well as Poomsae and Para Poomsae Championships held every two years.
2021 Banja Luka Challenger – Doubles
Sadio Doumbia and Fabien Reboul were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Antonio Šančić and Nino Serdarušić won the title after defeating Ivan and Matej Sabanov 6–3, 6–3 in the final.

Sadio Doumbia
Sadio Doumbia (born 12 September 1990) is a French professional tennis player who specializes in doubles. He has a career high ATP doubles ranking of No. 23 achieved on 15 September 2025. Doumbia has won five ATP Tour titles with compatriot Fabien Reboul and 18 ATP Challenger Tour doubles titles, 17 of them with Reboul. He also has a career-high ATP singles ranking of No. 250 achieved on 7 November 2016.
St. Johns and Halifax Railway
The St. Johns and Halifax Railway was a 3 ft (914 mm) narrow gauge railroad incorporated on December 12, 1881, under the general incorporation laws of Florida.  Its plan was to build a railroad from Rollestown in Putnam County on the St. Johns River, to a point on the Halifax River in Volusia County at or near New Britain (known as Ormond Beach today).  The distance of the line was 51.99 miles, but 1.4 miles of the line was eventually abandoned.  Florida state law chapter 3650, approved February 12, 1885, assigned it land grants.

On October 1, 1888, the property of the St. Johns and Halifax Railway was conveyed to the St. Johns & Halifax River Railway, which was incorporated a few days later on October 11, 1888.  At some point after this and before 1893, the 3 ft (914 mm) narrow gauge line was converted to 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge.  On January 1, 1893, the line was acquired by the Florida East Coast Railway.

Palatka, Florida
Palatka (/pəˈlætkə/ ⓘ) is a city in and the county seat of Putnam County, Florida, United States. Palatka is the principal city of the Palatka Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is home to 72,893 residents. The Palatka micropolitan area is included in the Jacksonville–Kingsland–Palatka, FL-GA Combined Statistical Area.

The city is the location of the St. Johns River State College, St. Johns River Water Management District Headquarters, and Ravine Gardens State Park. Local festivals include the Florida Azalea Festival and the Blue Crab Festival. The population was 10,446 at the 2020 census, down from 10,558 at the 2010 census.
Knowlton Covered Bridge
The Knowlton Covered Bridge, near Rinard Mills, Ohio, was built around 1860.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. It was decommissioned shortly after. Also known as the Long Covered Bridge, it is a Burr arch truss bridge.

It is located north of Rinard Mills, and is in Washington Township, Monroe County, Ohio.

The bridge has three spans over the Little Muskingum River. It was rehabilitated in 1995 and documented by the Historic American Engineering Record in 2004.

It is mentioned in the Ohio Historic Places Dictionary.

The middle span collapsed the evening of July 5, 2019. The Old Camp span has also collapsed, sometime in the summer of 2020.
As of March 2024 the bridge is currently under reconstruction. With plans to have it open within a few months.

Burr Truss
The Burr Arch Truss—or, simply, Burr Truss or Burr Arch—is a combination of an arch and a multiple kingpost truss design. It was invented in 1804 by Theodore Burr, patented on April 3, 1817, and used in bridges, usually covered bridges.
Daniela Iraschko-Stolz
Daniela Iraschko-Stolz (née Iraschko; born 21 November 1983) is an Austrian former ski jumper and footballer.

She is one of the ski jumping's most successful female athletes, having won the 2014/15 women's World Cup season, and has the third most individual female World Cup wins – 12 – as of March 2017. From 2003 to 2023 she held the women's ski flying world record of 200 m (660 ft), and was the first woman to reach 200 m. She is considered a pioneer in the discipline of women's ski jumping having made her first jump at the age of 12 in the year 1995.

In football, she has played at the highest levels of the domestic women's game.

Ski jumping hill
A ski jumping hill is a sports venue used for ski jumping. They vary in size from temporary handmade snow structures to permanent competition venues. At the top is an in-run where the jumper runs down to generate sufficient speed, before reaching the jump. The skier is then airborne until landing on the landing slope. The last part of the hill is the out-run, which may be either flat or even uphill, allowing the jumper to stop. The construction point (K point) is used to determine the distance points for a particular length. The size of a hill is measured in the hill size. Hills with a hill size exceeding HS185 are designated ski flying hills; there are five such hills in the world.