hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Negative luminescence
Negative luminescence is a physical phenomenon by which an electronic device emits less thermal radiation when an electric current is passed through it than it does in thermal equilibrium (current off). When viewed by a thermal camera, an operating negative luminescent device looks colder than its environment.

Mercury cadmium telluride
Hg1−xCdxTe or mercury cadmium telluride (also cadmium mercury telluride, MCT, MerCad Telluride, MerCadTel, MerCaT or CMT) is a chemical compound of cadmium telluride (CdTe) and mercury telluride (HgTe) with a tunable bandgap spanning the shortwave infrared to the very long wave infrared regions.

The amount of cadmium (Cd) in the alloy can be chosen so as to tune the optical absorption of the material to the desired infrared wavelength. 
CdTe is a semiconductor with a bandgap of approximately 1.5 eV at room temperature. HgTe is a semimetal, which means that its bandgap energy is zero. Mixing these two substances allows one to obtain any bandgap between 0 and 1.5 eV.
Ren Ye
Ren Ye (Chinese: 任烨; born July 13, 1986, in Fushun, Liaoning) is a field hockey player from China, who won a silver medal with the national women's hockey team at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing and gold medal as the 2006 and 2010 Asian Games women's field hockey champions.

Field hockey at the 2010 Asian Games
The Field hockey event at the 2010 Asian Games was held in Guangzhou, Guangdong, China from 13 November 2010 for women and 15 November 2010 for men. In this tournament, 10 teams played in the men's competition, and 7 teams in the women's competition. All matches were played at the Aoti Hockey Field. Pakistan became the field hockey Asian champions in the men's event and China in the women's event.
Lydia Blume
Lydia Blume is an American politician from Maine. Blume, a Democrat from York, Maine, has served in the Maine House of Representatives in District 3 since December 2014.

In October 2014, Blume was endorsed by former State Senator Peter Bowman.

Maine Democratic Party
The Maine Democratic Party is the affiliate of the Democratic Party in the U.S. state of Maine.

After the Civil War, Democrats were a minor player in a political scene dominated by the Republican Party. However, during the 1950s, Edmund Muskie led an expansive political insurgency culminating in his election as Governor of Maine and successive Democratic elections to both state and national offices.

It is currently the state's favored party, controlling both houses of the state legislature, governorship, and both of Maine's U.S. House seats. One of Maine's U.S. Senate seats is currently held by Angus King, an Independent who caucuses with the Democrats.
Jewish Resistance Against the Nazis (book)
Jewish Resistance Against the Nazis (2014) is a collection of essays edited by Patrick Henry and published by Catholic University of America Press. Discussing Jewish resistance in German-occupied Europe, the book argues that Jews resisted Nazi rule in a variety of ways. Contributors include Yehuda Bauer and Nechama Tec. It received positive reviews.

Yehuda Bauer
Yehuda Bauer (Hebrew: יהודה באואר; 6 April 1926 – 18 October 2024) was a Czech-born Israeli historian and scholar of the Holocaust. He was a professor of Holocaust studies at the Avraham Harman Institute of Contemporary Jewry at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
Dendrobium macropus
Dendrobium macropus, commonly known as the Norfolk Island cane orchid, is a species of epiphytic or lithophytic orchid in the family Orchidaceae and is endemic to Norfolk Island. It has cylindrical pseudobulbs, thin, dark green leaves and between five and ten yellowish green flowers that do not open widely.

Lithophyte
Lithophytes are plants that grow in or on rocks.  Epilithic (or epipetric) lithophytes grow on the surfaces of rocks, while endolithic (or chasmophytes) lithophytes grow in the cracks or crevices of rocks. Obligate lithophytes grow solely on rocks, while facultative lithophytes will grow partially on a rock and on another substrate simultaneously.
RiP!: A Remix Manifesto
RiP!: A Remix Manifesto is a 2008 open-source documentary film about "the changing concept of copyright" directed by Brett Gaylor.

Created over a period of six years, the documentary film features the collaborative remix work of hundreds of people who have contributed to the Open Source Cinema website, helping to create the "world's first open source documentary" as Gaylor put it. The project's working title was Basement Tapes, (referring to the album of the same name) but it was renamed RiP!: A Remix Manifesto prior to theatrical release. Gaylor encourages more people to create their own remixes from this movie, using media available from the Open Source Cinema website, or other websites like YouTube, Flickr, Hulu, or MySpace.

Capitol Records, Inc. v. Thomas-Rasset
Capitol Records, Inc. v. Thomas-Rasset was the first file-sharing copyright infringement lawsuit in the United States brought by major record labels to be tried before a jury.  The defendant, Jammie Thomas-Rasset, was found liable to the plaintiff record company for making 24 songs available to the public for free on the Kazaa file sharing service and ordered to pay $220,000.

Before filing suit, Capitol Records offered to settle for $5,000, but Thomas-Rasset declined.  The ultimate damage order came after several trials and appeals in 2007–2013.  The damage award at one stage reached $1,920,000.

The case was originally named Virgin Records America, Inc v. Thomas-Rasset.
Combretocarpus
Combretocarpus is a monotypic genus of tree in the Anisophylleaceae family. The generic name combretocarpus is from the Greek, referring to the resemblance of its fruit to that of the genus Combretum. As of April 2014 The Plant List recognises the single species Combretocarpus rotundatus.

The Plant List
The Plant List was a list of botanical names of species of plants created by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and the Missouri Botanical Garden and launched in 2010. It was intended to be a comprehensive record of all known names of plant species over time, and was produced in response to Target 1 of the 2002–2010 Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSP C), to produce "An online flora of all known plants". It has not been updated since 2013, and has been superseded by World Flora Online.
Black-bellied cuckooshrike
The black-bellied cuckooshrike or black-bellied cicadabird (Edolisoma montanum) is a species of bird in the family Campephagidae.
It is found in New Guinea.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and subtropical or tropical moist montane forest.

Cuckooshrike
The cuckooshrikes and allies in the family Campephagidae are small to medium-sized passerine bird species found in the subtropical and tropical Africa, Asia and Australasia. The 107 species are divided into 11 genera. The woodshrikes (Tephrodornis) were often considered to be in this family but are now placed in their own family, Vangidae, along with the philentomas and the flycatcher-shrikes. Another genus, Chlamydochaera, which has one species, the black-breasted fruithunter, was often placed in this family but has now been shown to be a thrush (Turdidae).
Attraction (2017 film)
Attraction (Russian: Притяжение, romanized: Prityazhenie) is a 2017 Russian science fiction action film directed by Fyodor Bondarchuk. The plot focuses upon an extraterrestrial spaceship crash-landing in the Chertanovo district of Moscow after an attack by Russian Air Forces. The Russian government immediately implements martial law, as local civilians grow increasingly angry at the unwelcome guest due to false propaganda. The film stars Irina Starshenbaum, Alexander Petrov, Rinal Mukhametov, and Oleg Menshikov.

The project became the fourth Russian film transferred to the IMAX 3D format. The premiere of the film in Russia was in January 2017 by Walt Disney Studios Sony Pictures Releasing (WDSSPR). Attraction became a box office hit, grossing more than 1 billion rubles and becoming the highest-grossing Russian sci-fi movie. The film received mixed reviews from western critics.

A sequel to the film, Invasion, premiered on New Year's Day 2020.

Oleg Menshikov
Oleg Evgenyevich Menshikov, PAR (Russian: Оле́г Евге́ньевич Ме́ньшиков; born 8 November 1960) is a Russian actor, theatre director and occasional singer. He is the current artistic director of the Yermolova Theatre in Moscow.

Internationally, Menshikov is the best known for his roles in the films by Nikita Mikhalkov Burnt by the Sun (1994), The Barber of Siberia (1998), Burnt by the Sun 2: Exodus (2010) and Burnt by the Sun 3: The Citadel (2011), as well as for his performance in Régis Wargnier's East/West (1999).

Menshikov is the winner of a Laurence Olivier Award, a Nika Award and three State Prizes of the Russian Federation, and the recipient of the Order of Honour of the Russian Federation.
Tom Doyle
Thomas Joseph Doyle (born 30 June 1992) is a New Zealand former professional footballer who played as a left back.

Doyle made his senior professional debut for Wellington Phoenix FC in the 2014 FFA Cup against Adelaide United at the Marden Sports Complex on 5 August 2014. Adelaide won the match 1–0 in regulation time. During his time  with Wellington, he also operated as centre back.

Following a short stint at German club Chemnitzer FC, where he made six appearances in four months, Auckland City confirmed that Doyle had returned to the club alongside club legend Emiliano Tade on 13 January 2020.

Doyle played for New Zealand at the 2017 Confederations Cup.

Chemnitzer FC
Chemnitzer Fußballclub e.V. is a German association football club based in Chemnitz, Saxony. The club competes in Regionalliga Nordost, the fourth tier of German football.

The roots of the club go back to its establishment as Chemnitzer BC 1933, following the financial collapse of former Chemnitzer BC 1899.
Glenn, California
39°31′19″N 122°00′50″W﻿ / ﻿39.52194°N 122.01389°W﻿ / 39.52194; -122.01389

Glenn is an unincorporated community in Glenn County, California. It lies at an elevation of 98 feet (30 m). The town is located on the Sacramento River, at the intersection of State Route 45 and State Route 162. It is about ten miles (16 km) east of Interstate 5 and Willows on the U.S. Geological Survey 7.5-minute quadrangle, Glenn, California. The U.S. Geological Survey, National Geographic Names Database, calls its existence official with a feature ID of 1658621 and lists the NAD27 coordinates of the community as 39°31′19″N 122°00′50″W﻿ / ﻿39.52194°N 122.01389°W﻿ / 39.52194; -122.01389. The ZIP Code, shared with Ordbend and Bayliss, is 95943. The community is inside area code 530. This area is flagged as rural by the U.S. Census Bureau.

Willows, California
Willows is a city in and the county seat of Glenn County, California, located in the Sacramento Valley region of Northern California. The city is home to regional government offices, including the California Highway Patrol, the California Department of Motor Vehicles, the United States Bureau of Reclamation and the main offices of the Mendocino National Forest, which comprises about one million acres (404,686 ha) of Federal land located mostly in mountainous terrain west of Willows. The population was 6,293 at the 2020 census.
Tsybli rural hromada
Tsybli rural hromada (Ukrainian: Циблівська селищна громада) is a hromada of Ukraine, located in Boryspil Raion, Kyiv Oblast. Its administrative center is the village of Tsybli.

It has an area of 389.4 square kilometres (150.3 mi2) and a population of 5,938, as of 2020.

The hromada contains 7 settlements, which are all villages:

Kyiv Oblast
Kyiv Oblast (Ukrainian: Київська область, romanized: Kyivska oblast, IPA: [ˈkɪjiu̯sʲkɐ ˈɔblɐsʲtʲ]), also called Kyivshchyna (Київщинa, IPA: [ˈkɪjiu̯ʃtʃɪnɐ]), is an oblast (province) in central and northern Ukraine. It surrounds, but does not include, the city of Kyiv, which is administered as a city with special status. However, Kyiv also serves as the administrative center of the oblast. The Kyiv metropolitan area extends out from Kyiv city into parts of the oblast, which is significantly dependent on the urban economy and transportation of Kyiv.

The population of Kyiv Oblast is 1,795,079 (2022 estimate). Its largest city is Bila Tserkva, with a population over 200,000.

The Chernobyl Exclusion Zone is in the northern part of Kyiv Oblast. It is administered separately from the oblast and public access is prohibited.
2018–19 Serbian League East
The 2018–19 Serbian League East was the 16th season of one of the four third level leagues in Serbian football. The league consists of 18 teams. A higher level of competition is the First League, while the lower three Zone Leagues are West, East and South.

Serbian Zone League
Serbian Zone League (Serbian: Зонска лига Србије / Zonska liga Srbije) is the fourth tier of football in the Serbian football league system, consisting of 12 divisions as of the 2019–20 season. The divisions are run by the four regional associations, namely Football Association of Western Serbia (four), Football Association of Eastern Serbia (four), Football Association of Vojvodina (three), and Football Association of Belgrade (one). The winner of each division gets promoted to one of the four Serbian League divisions (Belgrade, Vojvodina, East, and West).
James Douglas (journalist)
James Douglas (1867–1940) was a British critic, newspaper editor and author.

Douglas edited The Star from 1908 to 1920, then the Sunday Express until 1931.  He was a supporter of censorship, and called for several books to be banned, most notably The Well of Loneliness. He was mocked by P. R. Stephensen and Jack Lindsay in The Sink of Solitude (1928).

Douglas made a negative review of John Worby's 1937 memoir, The Other Half, and urged banning it as a "dangerous book." The review boosted sales, and dust jackets on later editions included a quote by Douglas in both the UK and United States.

Jack Lindsay
John Lindsay AM, FRSL (20 October 1900 – 8 March 1990) was an Australian-born writer. He was born in Melbourne, but spent his formative years in Brisbane. He was the eldest son of Norman Lindsay and brother of author Philip Lindsay.
Antonio Garamendi
Antonio Garamendi Lecanda (Getxo, 8 February 1958) is a Spanish businessman, current president of the Spanish Confederation of Business Organizations (CEOE). He previously held the position of treasurer of the CEOE and was also the president of the Spanish metal federation (ConfeMetal).

Getxo
Getxo (Basque: [getʃo]) (Spanish: Guecho) is a town located in the province of Biscay, in the autonomous community of the Basque Country, in Spain.
It is part of Greater Bilbao, and has 75,430 inhabitants (2023). Getxo is mostly an affluent residential area, as well as being the third largest municipality of Biscay.
Dennis Goossens
Dennis Goossens (born 16 December 1993) is a Belgian male artistic gymnast, representing his nation in international competitions. He participated in two editions of the World Championships (2013 in Antwerp, and 2015 in Glasgow, Scotland), and qualified for the 2016 Summer Olympics.

2013 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships
The 2013 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships were held in Antwerp, Belgium, from 30 September to 6 October 2013 at Antwerp's Sports Palace. Kōhei Uchimura won the men's individual all-around gold medal, and finished the competition with four total medals. Simone Biles won the women's individual all-around title, and also finished the competition with four medals.
Pajala
Pajala (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈpɑjɑlɑ]) is a locality and the seat of Pajala Municipality in Norrbotten County, Sweden, with 1,958 inhabitants in 2010. It is located in Swedish Lapland.

Pajala is in part of the Meänmaa (Torne valley) region and was in past times unilingually Meänkieli-speaking. While it is still spoken by many, after the Swedification policies of the 18- and 1900s Swedish has become the dominant language.

Lapland (Sweden)
Lapland, also known by its Swedish name Lappland, is the northernmost province of Sweden. It borders the Swedish provinces of Jämtland, Ångermanland, Västerbotten, and Norrbotten, as well as Norway and Finland. Nearly a quarter of Sweden's land area is in Lapland.

The historical province of Lapland originally extended further eastward. However, in 1809 the Russian Empire annexed the eastern part of Sweden and formed the Grand Duchy of Finland in that territory. This effectively split Lapland into a Swedish part and a Finnish part, both of which still exist today. Swedish Lapland primarily consists of the inland parts of Västerbotten County in the south and Norrbotten County in the north. It has the coldest climates of Sweden, with vast seasonal differences caused by the high latitudes and the inland location.
1993 AC Delco 500
The 1993 AC Delco 500 was the 28th stock car race of the 1993 NASCAR Winston Cup Series season and the 29th iteration of the event. The race was held on Sunday, October 24, 1993, in Rockingham, North Carolina, at North Carolina Speedway, a 1.017 miles (1.637 km) permanent high-banked racetrack. The race took the scheduled 492 laps to complete. At race's end, Penske Racing South driver Rusty Wallace would manage to dominate the late stages of the race to continue his championship pursuit on driver's championship leader,  Dale Earnhardt, cutting down his lead to 72 points. The victory was Wallace's 30th career NASCAR Winston Cup Series victory and his ninth victory of the season. To fill out the top three, the aforementioned Earnhardt and Junior Johnson & Associates driver Bill Elliott would finish second and third, respectively.

Junior Johnson & Associates
Junior Johnson & Associates (formerly Johnson Hodgdon Racing) was a NASCAR team that ran in the Winston Cup Series from 1953 to 1995. The team was run by former driver Junior Johnson and was best known for fielding cars for legendary talents such as Cale Yarborough, Darrell Waltrip, Neil Bonnett, Terry Labonte, Bill Elliott, Geoffrey Bodine, and Sterling Marlin.
Acleris braunana
Acleris braunana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Alberta, British Columbia, Indiana, Maine, Michigan, New Brunswick, New York, Nova Scotia, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Quebec, Saskatchewan, West Virginia and Wisconsin.

The wingspan is about 15 mm. Adults have been recorded on wing from March to December.

The larvae feed on Alnus (including Alnus incana, Alnus rubra) and Betula species (including Betula papyrifera).

Betula papyrifera
Betula papyrifera (paper birch, also known as (American) white birch and canoe birch) is a short-lived species of birch native to northern North America. Paper birch is named after the tree's thin white bark, which often peels in paper-like layers from the trunk. Paper birch is often one of the first species to colonize a burned area within the northern latitudes, and is an important species for moose browsing. Primary commercial uses for paper birch wood are as boltwood and sawlogs, while secondary products include firewood and pulpwood. It is the provincial tree of Saskatchewan and the state tree of New Hampshire.
Language, Proof and Logic
Language, Proof and Logic is an educational software package, devised and written by Jon Barwise and John Etchemendy, geared to teaching formal logic through the use of a tight integration between a textbook (same name as the package) and four software programs, where three of them are logic related (Boole, Fitch and Tarski's World) and the other (Submit) is an internet-based grading service. The name is a pun derived from Language, Truth, and Logic, the philosophy book by A. J. Ayer.

On September 2, 2014, there was launched a massive open online course (MOOC) with the same name, which utilizes this educational software package.

Massive open online course
A massive open online course (MOOC /muːk/) or an open online course is an online course aimed at unlimited participation and open access via the Web. In addition to traditional course materials, such as filmed lectures, readings, and problem sets, many MOOCs provide interactive courses with user forums or social media discussions to support community interactions among students, professors, and teaching assistants (TAs), as well as immediate feedback to quick quizzes and assignments. MOOCs are a widely researched development in distance education, first introduced in 2008, that emerged as a popular mode of learning in 2012.

Early MOOCs (cMOOCs: Connectivist MOOCs) often emphasized open-access features, such as open licensing of content, structure and learning goals, to promote the reuse and remixing of resources.  Some later MOOCs (xMOOCs: extended MOOCs) use closed licenses for their course materials while maintaining free access for students.
The Envy Corps
The Envy Corps was an American alternative rock band originally from Ames, Iowa. Discovered on Myspace by Universal Music imprint Vertigo, the band was transplanted into the UK indie dance/rock scene of the late 2000s. Future independent releases found the band experimenting with sounds inspired by Radiohead, Talk Talk, Portishead, and Bjork in relative obscurity outside their home state of Iowa.

In a review of their critically acclaimed 2011 release It Culls You, Christina Smart of Examiner.com called the Envy Corps "the best band you've never heard of."

Portishead (band)
Portishead (/ˌpɔːrtɪsˈhɛd/ PORT-iss-HED) are an English electronic band formed in 1991 in Bristol. The band comprises Beth Gibbons (vocals), Geoff Barrow (multiple instruments, production), and Adrian Utley (guitar). Dave McDonald, an audio engineer who helped produce their first two albums, is sometimes regarded as the fourth member.

Portishead's debut album, Dummy (1994), fused hip-hop production with an atmospheric style reminiscent of spy film soundtracks and yearning vocals from Gibbons. It was met with critical acclaim and commercial success, becoming a landmark album in the emerging trip-hop genre. However, the band disliked being associated with the term. Their two other studio albums, Portishead (1997) and Third (2008), received similar acclaim. Portishead have also released the live album Roseland NYC Live (1998).
Billingsley High School
Billingsley School is a grades K-12 school located in Billingsley, Alabama and is part of the Autauga County School District. As of 2022, enrollment is some 559 students. In 1931, the school was destroyed by fire. The building that replaced it housed both high school and elementary school. This building served until the 1990s when it was replaced by a new facility.

Billingsley's mascot is the Bears. From 1985 to 1997 the Bears won 11 Region Championships & played in 4 State Championships.  Billingsley won the 1992 1A State Championship over Parrish High School 13-12 & the 1997 1A State Championship over Westbrook Christian Academy 28–8. In 2019, Billingsley hired Phillip Coggins to lead the program. Phillip Coggins was selected the Alabama Football Coaches Association coach of the year in 2018.

Jason Griffin, Principal

Janett Skinner, Assistant Principal

Educational stage
Educational stages are subdivisions of formal learning, typically covering early childhood education, primary education, secondary education and tertiary education. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) recognizes nine levels of education in its International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) system (from Level 0 (pre-primary education) through Level 8 (doctoral)). UNESCO's International Bureau of Education maintains a database of country-specific education systems and their stages. Some countries divide levels of study into grades or forms for school children in the same year.