hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Threaded binary tree
In computing, a threaded binary tree is a binary tree variant that facilitates traversal in a particular order.

An entire binary search tree can be easily traversed in order of the main key but given only a pointer to a node, finding the node which comes next may be slow or impossible. For example, leaf nodes by definition have no descendants, so given only a pointer to a leaf node no other node can be reached. A threaded tree adds extra information in some or all nodes, so that for any given single node the "next" node can be found quickly, allowing tree traversal without recursion and the extra storage (proportional to the tree's depth) that recursion requires.

Computing
Computing is any goal-oriented activity that requires, benefits from, or creates computing machinery. It includes the study and experimentation of algorithmic processes, and the development of both hardware and software. Computing encompasses scientific, engineering, mathematical, technological, and social aspects. Major computing disciplines include computer engineering, computer science, cybersecurity, data science, information systems, information technology, and software engineering.

The term computing is also synonymous with counting and calculating. In earlier times, it was used in reference to the action performed by mechanical computing machines, and before that, to human computers.
Great Expectations (musical)
Great Expectations is a musical with music by Cyril Ornadel and book and lyrics by Hal Shaper based on Charles Dickens' 1861 novel of the same name.

The original production featuring Sir John Mills opened at the Yvonne Arnaud Theatre, Guildford in December 1975 before touring to other British cities and in Canada.

A revised version was performed at the Liverpool Playhouse in 1989 and at the Seymour Centre, Sydney in 1991.

Great Expectations received an Ivor Novello Award for Best British Musical in 1976.

Yvonne Arnaud Theatre
The Yvonne Arnaud Theatre is a theatre located in Guildford, Surrey, England. Named after the actress Yvonne Arnaud, it presents a series of locally produced and national touring productions, including opera, ballet and pantomime. The theatre has two performance venues, the main auditorium and the smaller Mill Studio.
Voltumna
In Etruscan mythology, Voltumna or Veltha was the chthonic (relating to or inhabiting the underworld) deity, who became the supreme god of the Etruscan pantheon, the deus Etruriae princeps, according to Varro.  Voltumna's cult was centered in Volsini (modern-day Orvieto), a city of the Etruscan civilization of central Italy. Voltumna is shown with contrasting characteristics, such as a maleficent monster, a chthonic vegetation god of uncertain sex, or a mighty war god.

The bond of the twelve Etruscan populi was renewed annually at the sacred grove of Fanum Voltumnae, the sanctuary of Voltumnus sited near Volsinii (present day Bolsena), which was mentioned by Livy. At the Fanum Voltumnae ludi were held, the precise nature of which, whether athletic or artistic, is unknown.

In the Roman Forum, near the Temple of Castor and Pollux stood a shrine dedicated to Voltumna in the Vicus Tuscus.

He was the equivalent of the Roman Vertumnus.

Vicus Tuscus
Vicus Tuscus ("Etruscan Street" or "Tuscan Street") was an ancient street in the city of Rome, running southwest out of the Roman Forum between the Basilica Julia and the Temple of Castor and Pollux towards the Forum Boarium and Circus Maximus via the west side of the Palatine Hill and Velabrum.
2021 Players Championship
The 2021 Players Championship was the 47th Players Championship  and was played March 11–14 at TPC Sawgrass in Ponte Vedra Beach, Florida. It was the fortieth edition held at the Stadium Course; the 2020 tournament was abandoned before the first round was completed, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Justin Thomas shot a four-under 68 in the final round for 274 (−14) to win his first Players, one stroke ahead of runner-up Lee Westwood, the 54-hole leader.  Defending champion Rory McIlroy (2019) missed the 36-hole cut.

Glossary of golf
The following is a glossary of the terminology currently used in the sport of golf. Where words in a sentence are also defined elsewhere in this article, they appear in italics.  Old names for clubs can be found at Obsolete golf clubs.
The Real Housewives of Dallas season 3
The third season of The Real Housewives of Dallas, an American reality television series, is broadcast on Bravo. It aired from August 15, 2018, until December 12, 2018, and is primarily filmed in Dallas, Texas. Its executive producers are Adam Karpel, Andrew Hoegl, John Paparazzo, Rich Bye, Samantha Billett and Andy Cohen.

The Real Housewives of Dallas focuses on the lives of Cary Deuber, Stephanie Hollman, LeeAnne Locken, Brandi Redmond, D'Andra Simmons and Kameron Westcott.

This season marked the final regular appearance of Cary Deuber.

Andy Cohen
Andrew Joseph Cohen (born June 2, 1968) is an American radio and television talk show host, producer, and writer. He is the host and executive producer of The Real Housewives franchise and Bravo's late night talk show, Watch What Happens Live! He also hosts a two-hour show with co-host John Hill twice a week on Sirius XM.

Cohen served as Bravo's executive vice president of Development and Talent until 2013. He was responsible for creating original content, developing innovative formats, and identifying new talent. Cohen also served as executive producer on the James Beard award–winning reality cooking competition television show, Top Chef. He also hosted the revival of the television dating show Love Connection. He has been awarded a Primetime Emmy Award, and five Peabody Awards.
Uncertainty budget
The uncertainty budget is an aid for specifying measurement uncertainty. Individual measurement uncertainty factors are summarised, usually in tabular form, to form the measurement uncertainty budget.

Following the description of the measurement procedure and the model equation, the knowledge of all input variables (values, distribution function, standard uncertainties) can be illustrated in the uncertainty budget. From this, it is possible to determine the result value and its standard uncertainty–the expansion factor and the specification of the expanded measurement uncertainty. For a series of measurements (continually sampled measurement sequences), two cases must be distinguished: constant measurement uncertainty and changeable measurement.

Cumulative distribution function
In probability theory and statistics, the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of a real-valued random variable , or just distribution function of , evaluated at , is the probability that  will take a value less than or equal to .

Every probability distribution supported on the real numbers, discrete or "mixed" as well as continuous, is uniquely identified by a right-continuous monotone increasing function (a càdlàg function)  satisfying  and .

In the case of a scalar continuous distribution, it gives the area under the probability density function from negative infinity to . Cumulative distribution functions are also used to specify the distribution of multivariate random variables.
Karl Lehrs
Karl Ludwig Lehrs (January 14, 1802 – June 9, 1878), was a German classical scholar.

Born at Königsberg, he was Jewish, but in 1822 he converted to Christianity. In 1845 he was appointed professor of ancient Greek philology at Königsberg University, a post he held until his death.

He coined the term quattuor grammatici to indicate a class of the A-scholia to Homer's Iliad, which was translated into German as Viermännerkommentar by Arthur Ludwich.

University of Königsberg
The University of Königsberg (German: Albertus-Universität Königsberg) was a university in Königsberg, East Prussia. It was founded in 1544 as the world's second Protestant academy (after the University of Marburg) by Duke Albert of Prussia and received the royal privilege by King Sigismund II Augustus of Poland in 1560. The university was commonly known as the Albertina.

Following World War II, the city of Königsberg (renamed Kaliningrad) was transferred to the Soviet Union under the terms of the 1945 Potsdam Agreement. The Albertina was closed and the remaining German population was expelled. Today, the Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University claims to maintain the traditions of the Albertina.
Casino Canberra
Casino Canberra (or Canberra Casino) is a casino located in the Central Business District of Canberra, the capital city of Australia.

It was the first legal casino to open in the Australian Capital Territory, built on land excised from Glebe Park under a 99-year lease agreement between the casino licensee and the territory government. It is small in comparison with other casinos in Australia and does not incorporate any hotel accommodation, theatres, auditoriums or retail stores. It is the only casino in Australia not licensed to operate poker machines. There are 39 gaming tables where blackjack, roulette, baccarat and other games are played. The casino also has a poker lounge and sports lounge with TAB facilities.

Totalisator Agency Board
The Totalisator Agency Board, universally shortened to TAB or  T.A.B., is the name given to monopoly totalisator organisations in Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. They operate betting shops and online betting. They were originally government owned but, in Australia, most have been privatised. In Victoria, for instance, the Victorian Totalisator Agency Board began operating in March 1961 as a state enterprise, and was privatised in 1994.
Shitty Media Men
Shitty Media Men was a crowdsourced Google spreadsheet created in October 2017 that collected allegations and rumors of sexual misconduct by about 70 men in the media industry, particularly in New York City. Moira Donegan, a former assistant editor at The New Republic, initially began the spreadsheet online anonymously.

In October 2018, writer Stephen Elliott sued Donegan for defamation over his inclusion in the list. The lawsuit was settled in March 2023, with Elliott receiving a six-figure settlement from Donegan.

The Daily Beast
The Daily Beast is an American news website focused on politics, media, and pop culture. Founded in 2008, the website is owned by IAC Inc. It has been characterized as a "high-end tabloid" by Noah Shachtman, the site's editor-in-chief from 2018 to 2021. In a 2015 interview, former editor-in-chief John Avlon described the Beast's editorial approach: "We seek out scoops, scandals, and stories about secret worlds; we love confronting bullies, bigots, and hypocrites." In 2018, Avlon described the Beast's "strike zone" as "politics, pop culture, and power".
Benjamin Karl
Benjamin Martin Karl (born 16 October 1985) is an Austrian professional snowboarder and one of the most accomplished snowboarder racers in history. Over the course of his career, he has made over 215 World Cup starts, collecting 58 podium finishes including 27 victories, and won the overall World Cup title three times. He is a two-time Olympic gold medallist, five-time World Champion, and has been a salaried athlete of the Austrian Armed Forces since 2004. His 2026 Winter Olympics gold medal in parallel giant slalom made him the oldest male individual gold medalist in Winter Olympics history, at 40 years and 115 days of age.

FIS Snowboard World Championships
The FIS Snowboarding World Championships is the world championship organized by the FIS for Snowboarding. It was first held in 1996 and is now held every odd year. The championship events include Big air, Halfpipe, Parallel giant slalom, Parallel slalom, Slopestyle and Snowboard cross for both genders as well as mixed team events in Parallel slalom and Snowboard cross.
Amarendranath Chatterjee
Amarendranath Chatterjee (Bengali: অমরেন্দ্রনাথ চট্টোপাধ্যায়) (1 July 1880 – 4 September 1957) was an Indian independence movement activist. In charge of raising funds for the Jugantar movement, his activities largely covered revolutionary centres in Bihar, Odisha and the United Provinces.

United Provinces of Agra and Oudh
The United Provinces of Agra and Oudh was a province of India under the British Raj, which existed from 22 March 1902 to 1937; the official name was shortened by the Government of India Act 1935 to United Provinces (UP), by which the province had been commonly known, and by which name it was also a province of independent India until 1950.

It corresponded approximately to the present-day Indian states of Uttar Pradesh (UP) and Uttarakhand. Allahabad served as the administrative headquarters and the capital of the province. Two years after the annexation of Oudh State in 1856, i.e. after 1858 and until 1902, the region had existed as North-Western Provinces and Oudh, Oudh being a Chief Commissionership.

Lucknow became its capital some time after 1921. Nainital was the summer capital of the province.
Graciela Landriscini
Susana Graciela Landriscini (born 16 May 1952) is an Argentine economist, professor, researcher and politician. A member of the Justicialist Party, Landriscini was elected in 2019 and as a National Deputy in Río Negro.

Landriscini is a researcher in the National Scientific and Technical Research Council (Conicet), specialized in economic planning and development. She served as Dean of the National University of Comahue (UNCo) Faculty of Economics and Administration in Neuquén, and as Dean of the Centro Universitario Regional Zona Atlántica, the UNCo campus in Viedma.

Neuquén
Neuquén (Spanish pronunciation: [newˈken]; Mapudungun: Nehuenken) is the capital city of the Argentine province of Neuquén and of the Confluencia Department within that province, located in the extreme east of the province. It occupies a strip of land west of the confluence of the Limay and Neuquén rivers which form the Río Negro, making it part of the ecoregion of Alto Valle del Río Negro. The city had 287,787 inhabitants, and the surrounding Neuquén – Plottier – Cipolletti conurbation had a population of more than 500,000 at the 2022 Census, making it the largest urban agglomeration in Patagonia.

Founded in 1904, it is the newest provincial capital city in Argentina.
Dorchester (provincial electoral district)
Dorchester was a provincial electoral district in the Chaudière-Appalaches region of the province of Quebec, Canada.

It was created for the 1867 election (and an electoral district of that name existed earlier in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada and the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada).  Its final election was in 1970.  It disappeared in the 1973 election and its successor electoral districts were Bellechasse, Beauce-Nord, and Beauce-Sud.

Bellechasse (provincial electoral district)
Bellechasse is a provincial electoral riding in the Chaudière-Appalaches region of Quebec, Canada which elects members to the National Assembly of Quebec.  It notably includes a section of the city of Lévis as well as Saint-Henri, Saint-Anselme, Lac-Etchemin, Sainte-Claire, Beaumont, Saint-Charles-de-Bellechasse, Saint-Raphaël and Saint-Gervais.

It was created for the 1867 election, and electoral districts of that name existed even earlier: see Bellechasse (Province of Canada) and Bellechasse (Lower Canada).

In the change from the 2001 to the 2011 electoral map, it gained part of the Desjardins borough of the city of Lévis, namely the portion south of Quebec Autoroute 20.
Islam in the Central African Republic
Islam accounts for approximately 8.9% (750,000 people) of the population of the Central African Republic, making it the second largest organized religion in the country after Christianity (90%). The vast majority of Muslims are Sunni of Maliki school of jurisprudence. Most Central African Muslims live in the north-east, near the border with predominantly Muslim Chad and Sudan.

Maliki school
The Maliki school or Malikism is one of the four major schools of Islamic jurisprudence within Sunni Islam. It was founded by Malik ibn Anas (c. 711–795 CE) in the 8th century. In contrast to the Ahl al-Hadith and Ahl al-Ra'y schools of thought, the Maliki school takes a unique position known as Ahl al-A'mal, in which they consider the Sunnah to be primarily sourced from the practice of the people of Medina and living Islamic traditions for their rulings on Islamic law.

The Maliki school is the second largest Sunni school, larger than the Shafi’i school but smaller than the Hanafi school. It is predominant in North Africa, West Africa and the Gulf states of Bahrain, Kuwait and United Arab Emirates. The current Maliki population is said to be around 500 million, comprising about 25% of the total Muslim population.
Lima Bay
Lima Bay (Spanish: Bahía de Lima), also known as Miraflores Bay (Spanish: Bahía de Miraflores), is a bay located of the coast of Lima, Peru. Its shore is located on the central coast of the Lima Province and the southern end of Callao, both part of the metropolitan area of Lima. Administratively it belongs to both Lima and Callao.

Lima province
Lima (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈli.ma]), also called Metropolitan Lima (Spanish: Lima Metropolitana), is a province of the department of Lima, Peru. Located in its central coast, it operates under a quasi-autonomous special regime, and is thus not under the jurisdiction of the department's regional government. Its capital is Lima, which is also the nation's capital.

Despite its small area, this province is the major industrial and economic powerhouse of the Peruvian economy. It concentrates almost one-third of the country's population and 50% of Peru's GDP in 2012.
Lenište
Lenište is a village in Municipality of Prilep in North Macedonia.  The mother of Metodija Andonov-Čento  an anti fascist fighter in World War II is from here.

As of the 2021 census, Lenište had 2 residents with the following ethnic composition:

Macedonians 2

Prilep Municipality
Prilep (Macedonian: Прилеп [ˈpriːlɛp] ⓘ) is a municipality in the south of North Macedonia. Prilep is also the name of the city where the municipal seat is found. It is located in the Pelagonia Statistical Region.
Ghada Karmi
Ghada Karmi (Arabic: غادة كرمي, romanized: Ghādah Karmi; born 1939) is a Palestinian-born academic, physician and author. She has written on Palestinian issues in newspapers and magazines, including The Guardian, The Nation and Journal of Palestine Studies.

Washington Report on Middle East Affairs
The Washington Report on Middle East Affairs (also known as The Washington Report and WRMEA)  is an American foreign policy magazine that focuses on the Middle East and U.S. policy in the region.

It was characterized as "critical of United States policies in the Middle East" in 1998, and "a non-partisan publication that has been critical of Bush's policies" in 2005. Pro-Israel organizations accuse the magazine of being anti-Israel and conspiratorial in its criticism of Israel.
2010–11 Israel State Cup
The 2010–11 Israel State Cup (Hebrew: גביע המדינה, Gvia HaMedina) was the 72nd season of Israel's nationwide football cup competition and the 57th after the Israeli Declaration of Independence. It began on 3 September 2010, while the final was held in Ramat Gan Stadium on 25 May 2011.

The competition was won by Hapoel Tel Aviv, who had beaten Maccabi Haifa in the final.

By winning, Hapoel Tel Aviv qualified for the 2011–12 UEFA Europa League, entering in the third qualifying round.

Israel State Cup
The Israel State Cup (Hebrew: גביע המדינה, Gvia HaMedina), is a knockout cup competition in Israeli football, run by the Israel Football Association (IFA).

The State Cup was first held in 1928 as the People's Cup. Because it involves clubs of all standards playing against each other, there is the possibility for "minnows" from the lower divisions to become "giant-killers" by eliminating top clubs from the tournament, although lower division teams rarely reach the final.

The last below the top-flight club to make the final was Maccabi Netanya in 2014, they have since been promoted to the Israeli Premier League.

Hapoel Be'er Sheva are the current Israel State Cup holders, having beaten Beitar Jerusalem 2–0 in the final for their fourth title.

Maccabi Tel Aviv have 24 titles, holding the record for most titles won. Hapoel Tel Aviv in 1937–1939 and 2010–2012 are the only club to have retained the State Cup for three consecutive seasons.
Guinigi Tower
The Torre Guinigi is a tower in Lucca in the region of Tuscany, central Italy. It is a typical example of local Romanesque-Gothic architecture. The height of the tower is 45 metres (148 ft) with a total of 233 steps to reach the top.

The tower dates from the latter half of the 14th century, when a number of wealthy families were building towers within Lucca's walls as status symbols. It is one of the few remaining towers within the city. It is known for the holm oaks growing on top of the tower.

The tower was donated to the local government by the descendants of the Guinigi family.

Central Italy
Central Italy (Italian: Italia centrale or Centro Italia) is one of the five official statistical regions of Italy used by the Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT), a first-level NUTS region with code ITI, and a European Parliament constituency. As of 2025, it has over 11 million inhabitants.
Bob Peterson (basketball)
Robert Peterson (January 25, 1932 – July 30, 2011) was an American basketball player. He played three seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA), from 1953 to 1956.

Peterson, a 6'5" forward from Sequoia High School in Redwood City, California,  played collegiately for San Mateo Junior College and the University of Oregon.

Following his college career, Peterson was drafted by the Baltimore Bullets in the 1953 NBA draft.  He split his rookie season between the Bullets and the Milwaukee Hawks, averaging 7.5 minutes, 1.9 points and 1.5 rebounds per game in eight contests.  He then signed with the New York Knicks prior to the 1954–55 NBA season, sticking with the team for two seasons.  Peterson's averaged 4.7 points and 3.8 rebounds per game for his NBA career.

Peterson died of cancer on July 30, 2011.

College of San Mateo
College of San Mateo (CSM) is a public community college in San Mateo, California. It is part of the San Mateo County Community College District. College of San Mateo is located at the northern corridor of Silicon Valley and situated on a 153-acre site in the San Mateo hills. The college currently serves approximately 15,000 day, evening and weekend students. The college offers 69 A.A./A.S. degree majors and 81 certificate programs.
MS Fridtjof Nansen
MS Fridtjof Nansen is a Norwegian cruise ship (though marketed as an "expedition ship"). Named after polar explorer and scientist Fridtjof Nansen, it is a near identical twin to MS Roald Amundsen. It is a hybrid powered Polar Class 6 ship built by Kleven Yards Ulsteinvik for Hurtigruten, and today sails for HX.

Polar Class
Polar Class (PC) refers to the ice class assigned to a ship by a classification society based on the Unified Requirements for Polar Class Ships developed by the International Association of Classification Societies (IACS). Seven Polar Classes are defined in the rules, ranging from PC 1 for year-round operation in all polar waters to PC 7 for summer and autumn operation in thin first-year ice.

The IACS Polar Class rules should not be confused with International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters (Polar Code) by the International Maritime Organization (IMO).