hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ecosocial theory
Ecosocial theory, first proposed by name in 1994 by Nancy Krieger of the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, is a broad and complex theory with the purpose of describing and explaining causal relationships in disease spread and distribution. While it incorporates biological and psychosocial influences on disease occurrence, the theory is also suited to analyze the relationships between social factors and disease development in public health research. The core constructs of ecosocial theory are: Embodiment; pathways to embodiment; the cumulative interplay between exposure, resistance, and susceptibility; and agency and accountability. Further, the theory specifies that all constructs must be considered in concert, as they work together in a synergistic explanation of disease distribution. The theory assumes that distributions of disease are determined at multiple levels and that analyses must incorporate historical, political-economic, temporal, and spatial factors.

Psychosocial
The psychosocial approach looks at individuals in the context of the combined influence that psychological factors and the surrounding social environment have on their physical and mental wellness and their ability to function. This approach is used in a broad range of helping professions in health and social care settings as well as by medical and social science researchers.
Hunan-Hubei-Sichuan-Guizhou Soviet
The Hunan–Hubei–Sichuan–Guizhou Soviet, also spelled as the Hunan–Hupeh–Szechuan-Kweichow Soviet (Chinese: 湘鄂川黔苏维埃; pinyin: Xiāng-È-Chuān-Qián Sūwéiāi), was a revolutionary base area and constituent part of the Chinese Soviet Republic (1930–1935).

It was established by the Chinese communist general He Long, who had brought his Second Army Group out from the collapsing Hunan-Western Hubei Soviet. The new Soviet was bolstered in October 1934 by units of the Sixth Army Group (formerly the Eastern Hunan Red Army Independent Division) which had fled the collapsing Hunan-Jiangxi Soviet the previous August. The new soviet's combined force was redesignated the Second Front Red Army, He Long commanding.

The Soviet comprised counties which are located in the modern Chinese autonomous prefectures of Xiangxi Tujia and Miao in Hunan, Enshi Tujia and Miao in Hubei, and the prefecture of Tongren in Guizhou. It also included parts of modern Chongqing, which at that time was part of Sichuan.

Autonomous prefecture
Autonomous prefectures (Chinese: 自治州; pinyin: zìzhìzhōu) are one type of autonomous administrative division in China, existing at the prefectural level, with either ethnic minorities forming over 50% of the population or being, most commonly, the historic home of significant minorities. The official name of an autonomous prefecture includes the most significant minority in that region, sometimes two, rarely three. For example, a prefecture with a large number of Kazakhs (Kazak in official naming system) may be called a Kazak Autonomous Prefecture. Like all other prefectural level divisions, autonomous prefectures are divided into county level divisions. There is one exception: Ili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture contains two prefectures of its own. Under the Constitution of the People's Republic of China, autonomous prefectures cannot be abolished.
Mayor of Cape Town
The mayor of Cape Town is the head of the local government of Cape Town, South Africa. Currently, that government takes the form of the City of Cape Town Metropolitan Municipality.

The mayoral position was established on 7 December 2000.

In the past, the position of mayor has varied between that of an executive mayor actively governing the city and that of a figurehead mayor with a mostly ceremonial role. The current mayor is Geordin Hill-Lewis of the Democratic Alliance (DA).

Metropolitan municipality (South Africa)
In South Africa, a metropolitan municipality or metro, is a municipality which executes all the functions of local government for a city or conurbation. This is by contrast to areas which are primarily rural, where the local government is divided into district municipalities and local municipalities.

There are a total of eight metros located in five of South Africa's nine provinces. The seats of some metros serve as provincial capitals, namely Cape Town, Johannesburg, and Bloemfontein. Three of SA's metros serve as the joint capitals of South Africa - Cape Town, Pretoria, and Bloemfontein.
Baker Dunleavy
Baker Dunleavy (born October 5, 1982) is an American college basketball coach who is currently serving as general manager of basketball operations at his alma mater, Villanova University. He was previously the head coach for the Quinnipiac Bobcats men's basketball team.

Quinnipiac Bobcats men's basketball
The Quinnipiac Bobcats men's basketball team represents Quinnipiac University in Hamden, Connecticut, United States. The school's team currently competes in the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference. They are currently coached by Tom Pecora and play their home games at the M&T Bank Arena. The Bobcats have never appeared in the NCAA tournament.
Duke of Palmela
The Duchy of Palmela was established by decree of Queen Maria II of Portugal, through Dom Pedro IV acting as Regent of the Kingdom, on 13 June 1833 (initially granted for life, then conferred as a hereditary title on 18 October 1850) in favour of Dom Pedro de Sousa Holstein, a diplomat and hero of the Liberal Wars, who had previously held, successively, the titles of first Count (by decree of Queen Maria I dated 11 April 1812) and Marquess of Palmela (by decree of King João VI dated 3 July 1823).

Prior to becoming Duke of Palmela, Dom Pedro de Sousa Holstein had been granted the title of Duke of Faial (4 April 1833).

Liberal Wars
The Liberal Wars (Portuguese: Guerras Liberais), also known as the Portuguese Civil War (Guerra Civil Portuguesa) and the War of the Two Brothers (Guerra dos Dois Irmãos) was a civil war in Portugal that lasted from May 1828 to May 1834, fought between liberal progressive constitutionalists (led by former King Pedro IV) and conservative traditionalists (led by King Miguel I) over the country's system of government and royal succession. Embroiled parties included the Kingdom of Portugal, Portuguese rebels, the United Kingdom, France, the Catholic Church, Spain and Russia.
Peter Baláž (Esperantist)
Peter Baláž (Slovak pronunciation: [ˈpɛtɛr ˈbalaːʃ]; born 8 October 1979 in Partizánske, Czechoslovakia), in Esperanto known as Petro (Esperanto pronunciation: [ˈpetro]), is an Esperantist, publisher and editor; he was selected as the 2012 Esperantist of the Year. Baláž lives in his hometown of Partizánske and speaks Slovak, Czech, German, Polish, Russian and English, as well as the international constructed language Esperanto.

Conference on the Application of Esperanto in Science and Technology
The Conference on the Application of Esperanto in Science and Technology (Esperanto: Konferenco pri Aplikoj de Esperanto en Scienco kaj Tekniko, KAEST) is a biennial conference on the application of the constructed international auxiliary language Esperanto in the science and technology community.

The conference first took place in 1978 in Czechoslovakia. Following the dissolution of Czechoslovakia, it remained in the Czech Republic until it was transferred in 2010 to Slovakia, where it is currently being organized by the nonprofit organization E@I. The 2012 KAEST in Modra, Slovakia included a Wikipedia workshop aimed at both beginners and advanced users, organized in cooperation with Wikimedia Slovakia.
Elías Pino Iturrieta
Elías Pino Iturrieta (born 9 October 1944 in Maracaibo, Venezuela) is a Venezuelan writer and historian. He served as Director of the Venezuelan Academy of History, which he joined on 27 February 1997. Is Director of the Institute for Historical Research at Andrés Bello Catholic University, since 1999. He graduated from UCV in 1962, and obtained a doctorate from El Colegio de México in 1969.

Andrés Bello Catholic University
Andrés Bello Catholic University (Spanish: Universidad Católica Andrés Bello) is a private university in Venezuela. One of the largest universities in Venezuela, UCAB has campuses in several cities, such as Caracas (main campus), Los Teques, Guayana, and Coro.

Named for Venezuelan writer Andrés Bello, UCAB was founded in October 1953 by the Society of Jesus (Episcopado Venezolano a la Compañía de Jesús). In 2025, it was ranked as the third best and top private university in Venezuela.
PlanetRead
PlanetRead is a non-profit founded by Ashoka Fellow, Brij Kothari, to provide Same Language Subtitling on Bollywood music videos in the same language that they are sung in to promote functional literacy.  There are an estimated 650 million literate people in India. In reality, half the so-called ‘literates,’ more than 300 million people, can best be called ‘early-literate.’ They cannot read, for example, newspaper headlines.

Headline
The headline is the text indicating the content or nature of the article below it, typically by providing a form of brief summary of its contents.

The large type front page headline did not come into use until the late 19th century when increased competition between newspapers led to the use of attention-getting headlines.

It is sometimes termed a news hed, a deliberate misspelling that dates from production flow during hot type days, to notify the composing room that a written note from an editor concerned a headline and should not be set in type.

Headlines in English often use a set of grammatical rules known as  headlinese, designed to meet stringent space requirements by, for example, leaving out forms of the verb "to be" and choosing short verbs like "eye" over longer synonyms like "consider".
Pihigia
Pihigia is a Niuean surname. Notable Niueans with the name include:

Fisa Igilisi Pihigia, politician and diplomat

Molima Molly Pihigia, weaver and healthcare worker

Togiavalu Pihigia, previous Speaker of the Niuean Assembly

Togiavalu Pihigia
Togiavalu Pihigia is a Niuean politician and former Speaker of the Niue Assembly.

He was elected Speaker of the House by the Niue Assembly on 12 April 2014 by a 12–8 vote. In 2020 he lost the position to Hima Douglas.
Pablo de Porturas y Landázuri
Pablo de Porturas y Landázuri was a Spanish Hidalgo accountant and treasurer of the Viceroyalty of Perú administration.

Porturas y Landázuri was born in the town of Subijana-Morillas in the province of Álava, Basque Country in 1748. 
He was son of Juan de Gordóniz Porturas y Latatu and Josepha Ortiz de Landazuri y Arriaga. He married Juana Paula del Corral y Aranda in 1800 and died in Lima, Viceroyalty of Perú in 1818.

He worked as a visitor of the Arequipa Royal Treasury Office, accountant of the Trujillo Royal Treasury Office, accountant of the Cuzco Royal Treasury Office and treasurer minister of the Lima Royal Treasury Office.

Subijana-Morillas
Subijana-Morillas (Basque: Subilla Morillas) is a hamlet and concejo in the municipality of Ribera Alta/Erriberagoitia, in Álava province, Basque Country, Spain. It is located on the left bank of the Bayas, which separates it from Morillas.
Keiiti Aki
Keiiti Aki (安芸 敬一, Aki Keiichi; March 3, 1930 – May 17, 2005) was a Japanese-American professor of Geophysics  at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and then at the University of Southern California (USC), seismologist, author and mentor. He and Paul G. Richards coauthored "Quantitative Seismology: theory and methods".

Seismological Society of America
The Seismological Society of America (SSA) is an international scientific society devoted to the advancement of seismology and the understanding of earthquakes for the benefit of society. Founded in 1906, the society has members throughout the world representing seismologists and other geophysicists, geologists, engineers, insurers, and policy-makers in preparedness and safety.
Lush (company)
Lush Ltd. is a British cosmetics retailer which is headquartered in Poole, England. It was founded in 1994 by trichologist Mark Constantine, his wife Mo Constantine and five other founders.

It produces and sells creams, soaps, shampoos, shower gels, lotions, moisturisers, scrubs, masks, and other cosmetics for the face and hair.

The organisation states it uses only vegetarian recipes, 95% of which are also vegan. The company operates stores in 51 countries globally, as well as production facilities located in the United Kingdom, Canada, Croatia, Germany, Japan, Australia and Poland.

Lotion
Lotion is a low-viscosity topical preparation, typically an emulsion of oil and water, intended for application to unbroken skin for moisturizing, protective, cosmetic, or medicinal purposes. By contrast, creams and gels have higher viscosity, typically due to lower water content.  Lotions are applied to external skin with bare hands, a brush, a clean cloth, or cotton wool.

While a lotion may be used as a medicine delivery system, many lotions, especially hand lotions and body lotions and lotion for allergies are meant instead to simply smooth, moisturize, soften and sometimes, perfume the skin.
Buisson, Vaucluse
Buisson (French pronunciation: [bɥisɔ̃] ⓘ; Occitan: Boisson) is a commune in the Vaucluse department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern France.

Buisson is a small, wine-producing, Knights Templar village, dating back at least as far as the 12th century, and linked since its beginning to the nearby village of Villedieu, with which it produces its principal crop, Côtes-du-Rhône wine, which is sold from their joint winery, le Cellier du Templier.

Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (commonly shortened to PACA), sometimes  known as Région Sud, is one of the eighteen administrative regions of France, located at the far southeastern point of the mainland. The main prefecture and largest city is Marseille, France's second largest city proper after Paris and the 2nd largest urban area when combined with Aix-en-Provence with over 1.9 million residents.
Tornado outbreak sequence of April 19–21, 1973
On April 19–21, 1973, a significant tornado outbreak sequence affected portions of the Southern and Midwestern United States, primarily in the states of Arkansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma. The severe weather event generated at least 68 tornadoes, 12 of which were rated as intense events on the Fujita scale. A destructive F3 tornado struck Batesville, Arkansas, injuring 18 people. An F4 tornado killed one person and injured three others near Atlanta, Missouri, though its rating is disputed among tornado specialists. Additionally, destructive F3 tornadoes occurred near Ada, Oklahoma, and Harrison, Arkansas, respectively, killing one person and injuring 40 others.

Harrison, Arkansas
Harrison is a city in the county seat of Boone County, Arkansas, United States. It is named after Marcus LaRue Harrison, a surveyor who laid out the city along Crooked Creek at Stifler Springs. As of the 2020 census, Harrison had a population of 13,069. It is the 30th largest city in Arkansas based on official 2019 estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau. Harrison is the principal city of the Harrison Micropolitan Statistical Area, which includes all of Boone and Newton counties.

The community has a history of racism; there were two race riots in the early 20th century and an influx of white supremacist organizations during the late 20th and early 21st centuries.
Moacir
Moacir, also spelled Moacyr (Portuguese pronunciation: [moa'siɾ] or [moa'siʁ]), is a Brazilian masculine given name of Indigenous origin (from the Tupi–Guarani languages) and a character of the Brazilian novel Iracema.

Notable people with the name include:

Moacir Santos (1926-2006), Brazilian musician and composer, known for the jazz album Coisas

Moacir Barbosa Nascimento (1921–2000), nicknamed Barbosa, Brazilian footballer

Moacyr Claudino Pinto da Silva (born 1936), nicknamed Moacir or Moacyr, Brazilian former footballer

Moacir Costa da Silva (born 1986), nicknamed Moacir, Brazilian footballer

Moacyr Brondi Daiuto (1915–1994), Brazilian basketball coach

Moacyr Filho Domingos Demiquei (born 1981), nicknamed Moacyr Filho or Nenê, Brazilian footballer

Moacyr Grechi OSM (1936–2019), Brazilian Roman Catholic archbishop

Moacyr José Vitti CSS (1940–2014), Roman Catholic archbishop

Moacyr Scliar (1937–2011), Brazilian writer and physician

Iracema
Iracema (Brazilian Portuguese pronunciation: [i.raˈse.mɐ], in Portuguese: Iracema - A Lenda do Ceará) is one of the three indigenous novels by José de Alencar. It was first published in 1865. The novel has been adapted into several films.
Tom Conrad
Thomas R. "Tank" Conrad was an American college football player and coach. He served as the head football coach at Delaware State College—now known as Delaware State University—from 1943 to 1949 and Winston-Salem State University from 1950 to 1969. Jackson is the longest tenured head coach in the history of the Winston-Salem State Rams football program and its all-time leader in wins. He coached Delaware State's only bowl game win, a 7–6 Flower Bowl victory over Florida Normal and Industrial Institute.

Conrad attended Morgan College—now known as Morgan State University—where he played football and basketball and ran track.

Florida Memorial University
Florida Memorial University is a private historically black college in Miami Gardens, Florida. Founded as the Florida Baptist Institute, today it claims a focus on broader Christianity and is a member of the United Negro College Fund.
Klabböle Power Plant
Klabböle Power Plant (Swedish: Klabböle Kraftverk) was a hydroelectric plant located near Umeå in northern Sweden. The plant was commissioned in 1899 and supplied power to the city until 1958, when it was replaced by a newly constructed state-owned power plant in Norrforsen. Klabböle Kraftverk is now a museum located at Ume River's south bank, below the village of Klabböle, about 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) upstream from Umeå.

Norrforsen
Norrforsen are rapids in the Ume River in Sweden, between the villages of Norrfors and Sörfors 15 kilometers west of Umeå. The rapids are located downriver from the dam of the hydroelectric power station at Stornorrfors.

At Truthällorna, an island that is underwater when the upriver dam gates are opened, are a number of ancient rock carvings. The petroglyphs are believed to have been carved by hunter-gatherer people between 3,000-2,000 BCE. The carvings were discovered in 1984 by a group of archaeology students from Umeå University.

The people made these carvings likely survived the winter in part by hunting moose (sv. älgar, also translated as elk). The majority of the carvings depict moose along with images of boats, a human figure, and unidentified fragment carvings. Note that these are petroglyphs (carvings) and not rock paintings; it is common to paint petroglyphs red in Scandinavia, to make them more visible.
Mount Olivet Cemetery (Detroit)
Mount Olivet Cemetery (usually abbreviated and stylized as Mt. Olivet Cemetery) is a cemetery at 17100 Van Dyke Avenue in the city of Detroit in Wayne County, Michigan. It is owned and operated by the Mt. Elliott Cemetery Association, a not-for-profit Catholic organization that is otherwise administered independently from the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Detroit and any of the various Catholic religious orders active in Metro Detroit. At 320 acres (130 ha), it is the largest cemetery in Detroit, although it no longer promotes itself publicly as a Catholic establishment.

Archdiocese of Detroit
The Archdiocese of Detroit (Latin: Archidiœcesis Detroitensis) is an archdiocese of the Catholic Church in the south-east portion of Michigan in the United States. It is the metropolitan archdiocese of the Ecclesiastical Province of Detroit, which includes all the dioceses in the state of Michigan. It was erected in 1833 and elevated to an archdiocese in 1937. The Cathedral of the Most Blessed Sacrament is the mother church. The Basilica of Sainte Anne de Détroit is the second oldest continuously operating Catholic parish in the United States, dating to 1701.
Overland Storage
Overland Storage Inc. was a manufacturer of data storage products, including tape, disk and NAS. It acquired Tandberg Data shortly before being acquired by Sphere 3D itself. The two subsidiaries were later rebranded under the common Overland-Tandberg brand.

Network-attached storage
Network-attached storage (NAS) is a file-level computer data storage server connected to a computer network providing data access to a heterogeneous group of clients. In this context, the term "NAS" can refer to both the technology and systems involved, or a specialized computer appliance device unit built for such functionality – a NAS appliance or NAS box. NAS contrasts with block-level, storage area networks (SAN) and direct-attached storage (DAS).
Starzyska
Starzyska [staˈʐɨska] is a colony in the administrative district of Gmina Osieczna, within Starogard County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Colony (Poland)
A colony, (Polish: kolonia; Kashubian: Kòloniô) in Polish law, is a settlement created due to the expansion of other settlements, usually towns and villages, that is located away from previously existing buildings. It can be counted as a separate settlement rather than part of a previously existing one.
2019 BinckBank Tour
The 2019 BinckBank Tour was a road cycling stage race that took place between 12 and 18 August 2019 in Belgium and the Netherlands. It was the 15th edition of the BinckBank Tour and the thirty-first event of the 2019 UCI World Tour. It was won by Laurens De Plus.

Laurens De Plus
Laurens De Plus (born 4 September 1995) is a Belgian cyclist, who currently rides for UCI WorldTeam Ineos Grenadiers. He was named in the start list for the 2017 Giro d'Italia, and in the startlist for the 2019 Tour de France. He is the older brother of fellow racing cyclist Jasper De Plus.
Francisco J. Mejía
Francisco J. Mejía (b. December 3, 1869, Olanchito, d. January 25, 1919, Tegucigalpa) was a Honduran politician.

Mejía studied law at the National University of Honduras. He then moved to Guatemala, where he worked as public notary for a few years. Returning to Honduras, he settled in La Ceiba where he founded the newspapers Pueblo and Patria. He wrote an essay on Honduran history, about the Facción de Olancho.

In 1903 he fought on the side of Manuel Bonilla.

In 1912, under the presidency of Manuel Bonilla, Mejía was named Secretary of State for War and Navy. He retained this post under the presidency of Francisco Bertrand.

Mejía emerged as a potential contender for the presidency of Honduras, but died in the midst of his presidential campaign. His vice-presidential candidate was Dr. Jerónimo J. Reina. At the time of Mejía's death, he held the post as Secretary of State for Governance and Justice.

The largest secondary school of Olanchito is named after Mejía.

Olanchito
Olanchito is a municipality in the department of Yoro, Honduras, and a town with a population of 49,750 as of 2023. The municipality was founded in 1530 and comprises 70 villages, approximately 300 hamlets, and a population of 124,286. It is located 107 miles (172 km) northeast of Tegucigalpa, the country's capital. Olanchito operates in the Central Time Zone, with a UTC offset of -6 hours. The city is the birthplace of many popular figures of Honduran literature such as Ramón Amaya Amador, whose manuscripts, collection of books, writing table, and ashes are located in Olanchito. Known locally as the Civic City, Olanchito's main industry is agriculture.