hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
USS Archerfish (SSN-678)
USS Archerfish (SSN-678), a Sturgeon-class attack submarine, was the second ship of the United States Navy to be named for the archerfish, a family (Toxotidae) of fish notable for their habit of preying on insects and other animals by shooting them down with squirts of water from the mouth.

Attack submarine
An attack submarine or hunter-killer submarine is a submarine specifically designed for the purpose of attacking and sinking other submarines, surface combatants, and merchant vessels. In the Soviet and Russian navies they were and are called "multi-purpose submarines". They are also used to protect friendly surface combatants and missile submarines. Some attack subs are also armed with cruise missiles, increasing the scope of their potential missions to include land targets.

Attack submarines may be either nuclear-powered or diesel–electric ("conventionally") powered. In the U.S. Navy naming system, and in the equivalent NATO system (STANAG 1166), nuclear-powered attack submarines are known as SSNs and their anti-submarine (ASW) diesel–electric predecessors are SSKs. In the U.S. Navy, SSNs are unofficially called "fast attacks".
Sisters on the Road
Sisters on the Road (Korean: 지금, 이대로가 좋아요; RR: Jigeum, idaeroga joayo; lit. 'Now, things are just fine as they are') is a South Korean independent film written and directed by Boo Ji-young, and starring Shin Min-a and Gong Hyo-jin.

Filming was in 2007 and its world premiere was at the 2008 Busan International Film Festival. It was released in South Korean theaters in 2009.

Busan International Film Festival
The Busan International Film Festival (BIFF; Korean: 부산국제영화제), formerly the Pusan International Film Festival (PIFF), held annually in Haeundae District, Busan, South Korea, is one of the most significant film festivals in Asia. The first festival, held from 13 to 21 September 1996, was also the first international film festival in Korea.

The main focus of the BIFF is to introduce new films and first-time directors, especially those from Asian countries. Another notable feature is the appeal of the festival to young people, both in terms of the large youthful audience it attracts and through its efforts to develop and promote young talent.

In 1999, the Pusan Promotion Plan (renamed Asian Project Market in 2011) was established to connect new directors to funding sources. The 16th BIFF in 2011 saw the festival move to a new permanent home, the Busan Cinema Center in Centum City.
Sergey Kovalev
Sergey Alexandrovich Kovalev (Kovalyov) (Russian: Сергей Александрович Ковалёв; born 2 April 1983) is a Russian former professional boxer who competed from 2009 to 2025. He held multiple light-heavyweight world championships, including the WBA (Undisputed) and IBF titles from 2014 to 2016, and the WBO title three times between 2013 and 2019. Nicknamed the "Krusher", Kovalev is particularly known for his exceptional punching power, although he describes himself as "just a regular boxer".

In November 2019, Kovalev was ranked as the world's second-best light-heavyweight by The Ring magazine, third by BoxRec, and fourth by the Transnational Boxing Rankings Board. In 2014, The Ring named him its Fighter of the Year.

Transnational Boxing Rankings Board
The Transnational Boxing Rankings Board (TBRB) is an all-volunteer initiative formed in October 2012 with the intention of providing professional boxing with top-ten rankings, identifying the singular world champion of every division and to insist on the sport's reform. Board members are independent professional journalists, boxing historians and record keepers from around the world.  Their rankings and titles are meant to be uninfluenced by promoters and the traditional sanctioning bodies.
Georges Hamel
Georges Hamel (20 January 1948 – 26 February 2014) was a Canadian country music singer and songwriter from Quebec.

Hamel was born in Sainte-Françoise, Centre-du-Québec, Quebec, Canada.  Over the course of his 40-year career, Hamel recorded 44 LPs, won four Félix Awards from ADISQ and sold over two million records.

In 2014, Hamel was the recipient of the Excellence Award at the Francophone SOCAN Awards held in Montreal.

He died in Drummondville, Centre-du-Québec in February 2014, at the age of 66.

ADISQ
ADISQ (French: Association québécoise de l'industrie du disque, du spectacle et de la vidéo; English: Québec Association for the Recording, Concert and Video Industries) is a nonprofit organization whose mission is to support the  independent music industry in Quebec. It was created in 1978.

Since 1979, it has also organized an annual awards ceremony for musicians and singers. The award bears the name Félix after famed singer-songwriter Félix Leclerc.

It is a member of the World Independent Network.
Michael Klingler
Michael Klingler (born 6 February 1983 in Grabs) is a Swiss-born Liechtensteiner bobsledder who has competed since 2003. At the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, he crashed out in the two-man event and withdrew from the four-man event.

Klingler's best overall finish was fourth in a two-man event in a lesser event at Lake Placid, New York, in December 2009.

Lake Placid, New York
Lake Placid is a village in Essex County, New York, United States, within the Adirondack Mountains. Its population was 2,205 at the 2020 census. Lake Placid became known internationally for hosting the 1932 and the 1980 Winter Olympics. Lake Placid has also hosted the 1972 and 2023 Winter World University Games, as well as the 2000 Goodwill Winter Games. The village is near the center of the town of North Elba, 50 miles (80 km) southwest of Plattsburgh.
Greg Holst
Gregory Holst (born February 21, 1954) is a Canadian-born Austrian ice hockey coach and a former player. He played eleven games in the National Hockey League with the New York Rangers between 1975 and 1977. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1974 to 1993, was mainly spent in the Austrian Hockey League. A naturalized Austrian citizen, Holst played for the Austrian national team in four World Championships between 1982 and 1986. After retiring he turned to coaching, and worked in the Austrian league and with the Austrian national team.

Austria men's national ice hockey team
The Austrian men's national hockey team is the national ice hockey team for Austria. The team is controlled by Österreichischer Eishockeyverband. As of 2022 the Austrian team is ranked 18th in the IIHF World Rankings. Austria has not won a medal in a major tournament since 1947. Austria currently has 8,799 registered players (0.1% of the total population).
Coronation, Mpumalanga
Coronation is a populated place in the Emalahleni Local Municipality, Nkangala District Municipality in the Mpumalanga Province of South Africa.

As of the 2011 census, Coronation had 6,658 households.

2011 South African census
The South African National Census of 2011 is the 3rd comprehensive census performed by Statistics South Africa.

The 2011 census was the first census to include geo-referencing for every individual dwelling in South Africa.
Carrierless amplitude phase modulation
Carrierless amplitude phase modulation (CAP) is a variant of quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). Instead of modulating the amplitude of two carrier waves, CAP generates a QAM signal by combining two PAM signals filtered through two filters designed so that their impulse responses form a Hilbert pair. If the impulse responses of the two filters are chosen as sine and a cosine, the only mathematical difference between QAM and CAP waveforms is that the phase of the carrier is reset at the beginning of each symbol. If the carrier frequency and symbol rates are similar, the main advantage of CAP over QAM is simpler implementation. The modulation of the baseband signal with the quadrature carriers is not necessary with CAP, because it is part of the transmit pulse.

Pulse-amplitude modulation
Pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM) is a form of signal modulation in which the message information is encoded in the amplitude of a pulse train interrupting the carrier frequency. Demodulation is performed by detecting the amplitude level of the carrier at every single period.
Four Great Ancient Civilizations
In Japanese and Chinese historiography, the Four Great Ancient Civilizations (Japanese: 世界四大文明, Hepburn: Sekai yon dai bunmei) (simplified Chinese: 四大文明古国; traditional Chinese: 四大文明古國; pinyin: Sì Dà Wénmíng Gǔ Guó) were Egypt, Mesopotamia, India, and China, which are identified as the cradles of civilization. The concept is popularly used in Japan and China—for example in history textbooks—but not generally known in the western world.

Textbook
A textbook is a book containing a comprehensive compilation of content in a branch of study serving to explain the subject. Textbooks are produced to meet the needs of educators, usually at educational institutions, as well as learners (who could be independent learners outside of formal education). Schoolbooks are textbooks and other books used in schools. Today, many textbooks are published in both print and digital formats.
Milwaukee (town), Wisconsin
The Town of Milwaukee was a town in Milwaukee County, Wisconsin, United States, created on March 17, 1835. A number of Milwaukee County municipalities, beginning with the City of Milwaukee, were created out of portions of it.  After the last portions of the town were annexed, it officially ceased to exist in 1955.

Wauwatosa, Wisconsin
Wauwatosa (/ˌwɔːwəˈtoʊsə/ ⓘ WAW-wə-TOH-sə; colloquially Tosa) is a city in Milwaukee County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 48,387 at the 2020 census. Wauwatosa is a suburb located immediately west of Milwaukee and is part of the Milwaukee metropolitan area. It is named after the Potawatomi Chief Wauwataesie and the Potawatomi word for firefly.
Basantar River
The Basantar River is a river located in the northern region of India, primarily flowing through the Jammu and Kashmir state. It is an important watercourse that contributes to the drainage system in the region, providing water for the agricultural and other needs. The river is known for its historical significance and natural beauty.

Drainage system (geomorphology)
In geomorphology, drainage systems, also known as river systems, are the patterns formed by the streams, rivers, and lakes in a particular drainage basin. They are governed by the topography of land, whether a particular region is dominated by hard or soft rocks, and the gradient of the land. Geomorphologists and hydrologists often view streams as part of drainage basins (and sub-basins). This is the topographic region from which a stream receives runoff, throughflow, and its saturated equivalent, groundwater flow. The number, size, and shape of the drainage basins varies and the larger and more detailed the topographic map, the more information is available.
KGS
KGS can refer to:

KGS (electronic toll collection), Turkey

Kos Island International Airport, IATA airport code

The Kansas Geological Survey

The Kentucky Geological Survey

The KGS Go Server

Kingston Grammar School, London, UK

King George School (Calgary, Alberta), Canada

Kings Sutton railway station, England; National Rail station code

Karachi Grammar School, Pakistan

Kyrgyzstani som currency, ISO 4217 code

Knots ground speed, in aviation

Kyrgyz som
The som (Kyrgyz: сом; ISO code: KGS; sign: ⃀ (с)) is the currency of Kyrgyzstan. It is subdivided into 100 tıyın. Initially, only banknotes were issued, but coins were introduced in 2008. The currency features denominations ranging from 1 tıyın to 5000 som.

The National Bank of the Kyrgyz Republic oversees its issuance, and various commemorative coins have been released to celebrate cultural and historical events. The banknotes display notable Kyrgyz historical figures and symbols, with periodic updates to enhance security features such as watermarks, holograms, and microprinting. Over time, higher denomination notes have been introduced to manage inflation.
Keith Reid (cricketer)
Keith Patrick Reid is a South African former cricketer active from 1970 to 1981 who played for Eastern Province. He made a single appearance for Northamptonshire (Northants) in 1973. He was born in Newton Park, Port Elizabeth, Cape Province on 24 July 1951. He appeared in 57 first-class matches as a righthanded batsman who bowled right arm medium pace. He scored 1,518 runs with a highest score of 109 and took 78 wickets with a best performance of seven for 50.

Seam bowling
Seam bowling is a bowling technique in cricket, in which the ball is deliberately bowled to hit the ground on its seam, to cause a random deviation when it bounces. A bowler who uses this technique is called a seam bowler or seamer.

Seam bowling is a form of fast bowling, although seam can also be a factor in medium-pace bowling. Although there are specialist seamers that make deliberate use of off cutter and leg cutter at the expense of bowling slower than regular fast bowlers, most bowlers employ the seam to some effect and so the terms "seamer" and "fast bowler" are largely synonymous. This was far less the case in the past, even the recent past. Bowlers such as Tom Cartwright and Derek Shackleton bowled seamers at a pace in the low 70mphs and were very successful due to their mastery of control and variation.
Janette Rosing
Janette Rosing (1942 - 2021) was an antiquarian, art and photograph collector. Her photograph collection, included some 8,000 images including early photographs of the Industrial Revolution described as some of the oldest photographs in England. The collection primarily included 19th and 20th century photography. Some of the collection was exhibited in 2015 at the London Photograph Fair.

Photograph
A photograph (also known as a photo, or more generically referred to as an image or picture) is an image created by light falling on a photosensitive surface, usually photographic film or an electronic image sensor. The process and practice of creating such images is called photography.

Photographs are now created using a smartphone or camera, which uses a lens to focus the scene's visible wavelengths of light into a reproduction of what the human eye would perceive.
Amariah Brigham
Amariah Brigham (December 26, 1798, in New Marlborough, Massachusetts – September 8, 1849, in Utica, New York) was an American psychiatrist and, in 1844, one of the founding members of the Association of Medical Superintendents of American Institutions for the Insane, which eventually became the American Psychiatric Association. While serving as the first director of the Utica Psychiatric Center, Dr. Brigham launched and became the first editor of the Association's official journal, The American Journal of Insanity (now called The American Journal of Psychiatry).

American Psychiatric Association
38°52′47″N 77°01′30″W﻿ / ﻿38.879713°N 77.025061°W﻿ / 38.879713; -77.025061

The American Psychiatric Association (APA) is the main professional organization of psychiatrists and trainee psychiatrists in the United States, and the largest psychiatric organization in the world. It has more than 39,200 members who are involved in psychiatric practice, research, and academia representing a diverse population of patients in more than 100 countries. The association publishes various journals and pamphlets, as well as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). The DSM codifies psychiatric conditions and is used mostly in the United States as a guide for diagnosing mental disorders.

The organization has its headquarters in Washington, D.C.
2025 NCAA Division I softball season
The 2025 NCAA Division I softball season, play of college softball in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) at the Division I level, began in February 2025. The season progressed through the regular season, many conference tournaments and championship series, and concluded with the 2025 NCAA Division I softball tournament and 2025 Women's College World Series. The Women's College World Series, consisted of the eight remaining teams in the NCAA Tournament and held annually in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma at Devon Park, ended in June 2025.

Northeast Conference
The NEC (formerly the Northeast Conference) is a collegiate athletic conference whose schools are members of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). Teams in the NEC compete in Division I for all sports; football competes in the Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS). Participating schools are located principally in the Northeastern United States, from which the conference derives its name.
James Crown
James Schine Crown (June 25, 1953 – June 25, 2023) was an American businessman and heir. He was president of Henry Crown and Company, a family investment company. Crown was a director of JPMorgan Chase & Co., General Dynamics and Sara Lee. He was also the managing partner of the Aspen Skiing Company.

Aspen Skiing Company
The Aspen Skiing Company, known locally as Ski Co, is a commercial enterprise based in Aspen, Colorado. In 2023, it reorganized internally under a new umbrella company called Aspen One. The Aspen Skiing Company operates the Aspen/Snowmass resort complex, which comprises four ski areas: Aspen Mountain, Aspen Highlands, Buttermilk, and Snowmass.
Malate dehydrogenase (quinone)
In enzymology, malate dehydrogenase (quinone) (EC 1.1.5.4), formerly malate dehydrogenase (acceptor) (EC 1.1.99.16), is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

The two substrates of this enzyme are (S)-malic acid and a quinone. Its products are oxaloacetic acid and reduced quinone. The cofactor can be a variety of quinones including vitamin K.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-OH group of donor with a quinone as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is (S)-malate:quinone oxidoreductase. Other names in common use include FAD-dependent malate-vitamin K reductase, malate-vitamin K reductase, and (S)-malate:(quinone) oxidoreductase. This enzyme participates in pyruvate metabolism. It employs one cofactor, FAD.

Pyruvic acid
Pyruvic acid (CH3COCOOH) is the simplest of the alpha-keto acids, with a carboxylic acid and a ketone functional group. Pyruvate, the conjugate base, CH3COCOO−, is an intermediate in several metabolic pathways throughout the cell.

Pyruvic acid can be made from glucose through glycolysis, converted back to carbohydrates (such as glucose) via gluconeogenesis, or converted to fatty acids through a reaction with acetyl-CoA. It can also be used to construct the amino acid alanine and can be converted into ethanol or lactic acid via fermentation.

Pyruvic acid supplies energy to cells through the citric acid cycle (also known as the Krebs cycle) when oxygen is present (aerobic respiration), and alternatively ferments to produce lactate when oxygen is lacking.
Kfeir Yabous
Kfeir Yabous (Arabic: كفير يابوس) is a Syrian village in the Qudsaya District of the Rif Dimashq Governorate. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Kfeir Yabous had a population of 3,801 in the 2004 census.

Rif Dimashq Governorate
Rif Dimashq Governorate (Arabic: محافظة ريف دمشق, romanized: Moḥaafaẓat Reef Demashq, lit. "Damascus Countryside" or "Damascus Suburbs") is one of the fourteen governorates (provinces) of Syria. It is situated in the southwestern part of the country. It borders the governorates of Quneitra, Daraa and Suwayda in the southwest, Homs in the north, Lebanon in the west and Jordan in the south. The capital is the city of Douma.

The Governorate completely surrounds the city and governorate of Damascus and it has an area of 18,032 km² and a population of 2,273,074 (2004 census).

The Governorate was a major site of fighting in the Syrian Civil War in the Rif Dimashq Governorate campaign.
Richard Allison (architect)
Sir Richard John Allison CVO CBE (1869–1958) was a Scottish architect. From 1889 he was associated with the government Office of Works in London (as example The Science Museum), and from 1914 was its chief architect.

Office of Works
The Office of Works was an organisation responsible for structures and exterior spaces, first established as part of the English royal household in 1378 to oversee the building and maintenance of the royal castles and residences.

In 1832 it became the Works Department within the Office of Woods, Forests, Land Revenues, Works and Buildings.  It was reconstituted as a government department in 1851, which in 1940 became part of the Ministry of Works.
IL Norild
Idrettslaget Norild is a Norwegian association football club based in Vadsø.

They play home games at Vadsø Stadion. They currently play in the Third Division (fourth tier). It last played in the Second Division in 1994. The club is exclusively engaged with football, and is the largest football club in Vadsø. They have approximately 300 members, of which 260 are active players. Sigurd Rushfeldt, Morten Gamst Pedersen and Steffen Nystrøm are notable former players.

1994 Norwegian Second Division
The 1994 2. divisjon, the third highest association football league for men in Norway.

22 games were played in 6 groups, with 3 points given for wins and 1 for draws. Sarpsborg, Odd, Sandefjord, Haugesund, Aalesund and Stålkameratene were promoted to the First Division. Number ten, eleven and twelve were relegated to the 3. divisjon. The winning teams from each of the 19 groups in the 3. divisjon were promoted to the 2. divisjon.
Yellow Belly Lake
Yellow Belly Lake is an alpine lake in Custer County, Idaho, United States, located in the Sawtooth Valley in the Sawtooth National Recreation Area.  The lake is approximately 15 miles (24 km) south of Stanley and 34 miles (55 km) northwest of Ketchum.  Yellow Belly Lake can be accessed from State Highway 75 via Sawtooth National Forest road 205 and 096.  Forest road 096 is a high clearance road that goes directly to a trailhead and campground on the shores of Yellow Belly Lake.

In the southern section of the Sawtooth Valley, Yellow Belly Lake is one of the largest lakes in Sawtooth National Recreation Area.

Idaho State Highway 75
State Highway 75 is a two-lane highway in the western United States that travels through the Sawtooth Valley of central Idaho. The highway's southern terminus is in Shoshone, and its northern is near Challis.  It is designated as one of Idaho's scenic byways and provides access to Sawtooth National Recreation Area and primarily follows the Big Wood River in the south and the main Salmon River in the north, divided by Galena Summit.
1970 Special Olympics World Summer Games
1970 Special Olympics was the second edition of the Special Olympics World Games held in Soldier Field, Chicago, Illinois, the United States, from August 13 to August 15, 1970. This event was co-sponsored by the Chicago Park District and the Joseph P. Kennedy Jr. Foundation. 2,500 children from 47 states in the United States, Canada, and France participated. One hundred and ninety events of swimming and track and field were contested.

There were 190 events in two sports: track and field and swimming. Track and field events included 50 yard dash, 300 yard run, mile run, high jump, standing long jump, 440 relay, and softball throw. Swimming events included 25 yard and 50 yard free style swimming.

Joseph P. Kennedy Jr. Foundation
The Joseph P. Kennedy Jr. Foundation is a non-profit foundation named in memory of Joseph P. Kennedy Jr., a lieutenant in the U.S. Navy killed in action during World War II, who was the elder brother of President John F. Kennedy. The foundation was set up in 1946 by his father, Ambassador Joseph P. Kennedy Sr., the patriarch of the Kennedy family. The foundation was led by Kennedy Jr's youngest brother, U.S. senator Edward M. Kennedy, until he died in 2009.

The foundation funded the construction of the Joseph P. Kennedy Jr. Memorial Hall at Boston College, a part of Campion Hall and home to the college's Lynch School of Education. In 1957, the Lieutenant Joseph Patrick Kennedy Junior Memorial Skating Rink was opened in Hyannis, Massachusetts, with funds from the Joseph P. Kennedy, Jr. Foundation. In 2000, the foundation had assets of $30 million.