hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gelotology
Gelotology (from the Greek γέλως gelos "laughter") is the study of laughter and its effects on the body, from a psychological and physiological perspective. Its proponents often advocate induction of laughter on therapeutic grounds in alternative medicine. The field of study was pioneered by William F. Fry of Stanford University.

William F. Fry
William Frederick "Jack" Fry (6 December 1921 – 18 July 2011) was an American experimental physicist. Besides physics, he worked on violin acoustics for several decades, and collected books and manuscripts on Italian history.
Wild Jurchens
The Wild Jurchens (Chinese: 野人女真) or Haidong Jurchens (Chinese: 海東女真) were a group of the Tungusic peoples in Northeast Asia identified by the Ming dynasty as the northernmost of the three groups of Jurchen people (the other two being the Jianzhou Jurchens and Haixi Jurchens). In the 14th century, they inhabited the northernmost part of Greater Manchuria from the western side of the Greater Khingan Range to the Ussuri River and the lower Amur River bordered by the Tatar Strait and the Sea of Japan.

The descendants of Wild Jurchens do not identify themselves as Manchus. Instead, they formed different nations such as Nanai, Evenks, Negidals, Oroqen, and Nivkh.

Tungusic peoples
Tungusic peoples are an ethnolinguistic group formed by the speakers of Tungusic languages (or Manchu–Tungus languages). They are native to Siberia, Mongolia and China.

The Tungusic language family is divided into two main branches, Northern (Ewenic–Udegheic) and Southern Tungusic (Jurchenic–Nanaic).
A Rabelaisian Fragment
"A Rabelaisian Fragment", also known as the "Fragment in the Manner of Rabelais" is an unfinished satirical work by Laurence Sterne. It was most likely composed in 1759, between his minor pamphlet A Political Romance and his highly popular Tristram Shandy. It represents his first attempt at long-form comic fiction after a long career as a rural Anglican clergyman. Its two chapters depict a debate among clergymen in vulgar language, and another clergyman who panics while plagiarizing a sermon. A bowdlerized version of the fragment was published posthumously by Sterne's daughter Lydia in 1775; this was the only version to be reprinted until 1972, when the scholar Melvyn New published an edited critical edition based on the original manuscript. Stylistically, it is influenced by the irreligious and bawdy satire of François Rabelais and Jonathan Swift.

Samuel Clarke
Samuel Clarke (11 October 1675 – 17 May 1729) was an English philosopher and Anglican priest. He is considered the major British figure in philosophy between John Locke and George Berkeley. Clarke's altered, Nontrinitarian revision of the 1662 Book of Common Prayer continues to influence worship among modern Unitarians.
Seiry
Seiry is a village lying within the municipality of Lully, in the canton of Fribourg, Switzerland. It formerly existed as an autonomous municipality, but on 1 January 2006 was merged with Bollion, into the larger Lully. Seiry first appears in 1180 CE as Seirie. The Historical Dictionary of Switzerland records a population peak of 209 in 1900, steadily dropping to 89 inhabitants in 1970, before rising again to 200 before the merger with Lully.

Fribourg
Fribourg or Freiburg is the capital of the Swiss canton of Fribourg and district of La Sarine. Located on both sides of the river Saane/Sarine, on the Swiss Plateau, it is a major economic, administrative and educational centre on the cultural border between German-speaking and French-speaking Switzerland. Its Old City, one of the best-maintained in Switzerland, sits on a small rocky hill above the valley of the Sarine. In 2018, it had a population of 38,365.
Kimon Digenis
Kimon Digenis (Greek: Κίμων Διγενής) (c. 1871–1945) was a Hellenic Army officer who reached the rank of Major General.

He was born in Kimolos, South Aegean in about 1871. He enrolled in the Hellenic Military Academy, and graduated in 1891 as a Second Lieutenant of the Artillery. He fought in the Greco-Turkish War of 1897, the Balkan Wars, the Macedonian front of World War I and the Asia Minor Campaign.

During World War I, after the electoral defeat of the Liberal Party in November 1920, he replaced the Venizelist Colonel Konstantinos Manetas as commander of the 13th Infantry Division and commanded it in the operations of the spring and summer of 1921. In 1922, as Major General, he was in command of the II Army Corps.

Following the Battle of Dumlupınar, he became a prisoner of war in Asia Minor in August 1922 and after a large-scale Army revolt that toppled the royalist government, he was dismissed from the army.

He died in Athens in 1945.

Macedonian front
The Macedonian front, also known as the Salonica front (after Thessaloniki), was a military theatre of World War I formed as a result of an attempt by the Allied Powers to aid Serbia, in the autumn of 1915, against the combined attack of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Bulgaria. The expedition came too late and with insufficient force to prevent the fall of Serbia and was complicated by the internal political crisis in Greece (the National Schism). Eventually, a stable front was established, running from the Albanian Adriatic coast to the Struma River, pitting a multinational Allied force against the Bulgarian army, which was at various times bolstered with smaller units from the other Central Powers. The Macedonian front remained stable, despite local actions, until the Allied offensive in September 1918 resulted in Bulgaria capitulating and the liberation of Serbia.
Portrait of Antonietta Gonzales
The Portrait of Antonietta Gonzales is a portrait by one of the most important Italian Renaissance women artists, Lavinia Fontana. The portrait is oil on canvas and depicts a girl with hypertrichosis named Antonietta Gonsalvus (also known as Tognina Gonsalvus), daughter of Petrus Gonsalvus. Antonietta is dressed in finery to show her noble status, but as someone who would have been ostracized because of her unusual appearance, she would have been seen as more animal than human and would not have had the same freedoms as other courtiers.

Until 1990 the painting was credited as the work of a follower of Veronese. It was attributed to Lavinia Fontana due to her connection to the philosopher Ulisse Aldrovandi and another sketch she had drawn of a girl with hypertrichosis. The painting is now in the collection of the Château of Blois.

Courtier
A courtier (/ˈkɔːrtiər/) is a person who attends the royal court of a monarch or other royalty. The earliest historical examples of courtiers were part of the retinues of rulers. Historically, the court was the centre of government as well as the official residence of the monarch, and the social and political life were often completely mixed together.
Composition IX
Composition IX is a painting from one of the leaders of the De Stijl movement, Theo van Doesburg. The painting, completed in 1918, hangs in the Kunstmuseum, The Hague, Netherlands.

The work bears Van Doesburg's monogram and the year 1917 at the bottom right and is considered a 're-presentation' (a further abstraction) of an earlier work by Van Doesburg, Card Players, from 1916-17 (also hanging in the Kunstmuseum). During the creation of the painting, Van Doesburg's ideas about modern painting were, so it appears from the numerous writing he made in that year, still in development. In the same year, he established the journal bearing the name De Stijl with other members of the group  it is said that Composition IX is inspired by the work of Vilmos Huszár, for examples his Composition with white head, and the reading man on the cover of De Stijl journal.

Kunstmuseum Den Haag
The Kunstmuseum Den Haag is an art museum in The Hague in the Netherlands, founded in 1866 as the Museum voor Moderne Kunst. Later, until 1998, it was known as Haags Gemeentemuseum, and until the end of September 2019 as Gemeentemuseum Den Haag. It has a collection of around 165,000 works, over many different forms of art. In particular, the Kunstmuseum is renowned for its large Mondrian collection, the largest in the world. Mondrian's last work, Victory Boogie-Woogie, is on display at the museum.

The current museum building was constructed between 1931 and 1935, designed by the Dutch architect H.P. Berlage.

The KM21 (museum for contemporary art) and Fotomuseum Den Haag (The Hague museum for photography) are part of the Kunstmuseum, though not housed in the same building and with a separate entrance fee.

The new director Margriet Schavemaker started on 1 June 2024. She replaces Benno Tempel, who left as of 1 November 2023.
Kieserite
Kieserite, or magnesium sulfate monohydrate, is a hydrous magnesium sulfate mineral with formula (MgSO4·H2O).

It has a vitreous luster and it is colorless, grayish-white or yellowish. Its hardness is 3.5 and crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system. Gunningite is the zinc member of the kieserite group of minerals.

Hydrate
In chemistry, a hydrate is a substance that contains water or its constituent elements. The chemical state of the water varies widely between different classes of hydrates, some of which were so labeled before their chemical structure was understood.
Dubway Studios
Dubway Studios is an audio post and music production facility located in the Financial District of Manhattan, New York City. Services offered at Dubway Studios include tracking, recording, mixing, mastering, music production, voice-over sessions, and remote connections via Source-Connect, phone patch, and Skype.

Dubway's clients have included: HBO, Disney Junior, Discovery Channel, the Nick Jr. Channel and Nickelodeon, PBS Kids, PBS, Showtime, McDonald's, iTunes, IFC, NFL Films, Twentieth Century Fox, NPR, The New York Times, Anohni & the Johnsons, Devendra Banhart, Patti Smith, They Might Be Giants, David Byrne, Cyndi Lauper, Dar Williams, Alicia Keys, Joseph Arthur, Dan Bern, Richard Barone, and Cat Power.

Dan Bern
Dan Bern (also known as Bernstein; born July 27, 1965) is an American guitarist, singer, songwriter, novelist, and painter. His music has been compared to that of Bob Dylan, Woody Guthrie, Bruce Springsteen, Phil Ochs and Elvis Costello.

He is a prolific composer, having written over one thousand songs. He wrote the novel Quitting Science (2004) under the pen name Cunliffe Merriwether and wrote the preface under his own name.

Bern describes his music as "[u]ndefinable by genre, crossing over and through folk, rock, singer-songwriter, and kids music" with sardonic, literary lyrics. He has toured with Ani DiFranco, The Who, and Roger Daltrey.
New Life (2016 film)
New Life is a 2016 American romantic drama film directed by Drew Waters and starring Jonathan Patrick Moore, Erin Bethea, James Marsters, Bill Cobbs, Irma P. Hall and Terry O'Quinn. It is Waters' directorial debut.

Terry O'Quinn
Terrance Quinn (born July 15, 1952), known professionally as Terry O'Quinn, is an American actor. He won a Primetime Emmy Award for his performance as John Locke on the TV series Lost (2004–2010). In film, he also played the title role in The Stepfather (1987) and Howard Hughes in The Rocketeer (1991) with roles in other films such as Heaven's Gate (1980), Silver Bullet (1985), Young Guns (1988), Blind Fury (1989), Tombstone (1993) and Primal Fear (1996).

Other prominent television roles include Peter Watts in Millennium (1996–1999), FBI Asst. Director Kendall in Alias (2002–2004), Commander Joe White in Hawaii Five-0 (2011–2018), and Tom Tavner in Patriot (2015–2018).
Guy Tosatto
Guy Tosatto (born 22 October 1958) is a French art historian, museum curator and museum director. Previously heading museums in Nîmes and Nantes, he was director of the musée de Grenoble from September 2002 until his retirement in 2023.

Wolfgang Laib
Wolfgang Laib (born 25 March 1950 in Metzingen, Germany) is a German artist, predominantly known as a sculptor. He lives and works in a small village in southern Germany, maintaining studios in New York and South India.

His work has been exhibited worldwide in many of the most important galleries and museums. He represented Germany in the 1982, Venice Biennale and was included  with his works in the Documenta 7 in 1982, and then in the Documenta 8 in 1987. In 2015, he received the Praemium Imperiale for sculpture in Tokyo, Japan.

He became world-renowned for his "Milkstones", a pure geometry of white marble made complete with milk, as well as his vibrant installations of pollen. In 2013 The Museum of Modern Art in New York City presented his largest pollen piece – 7 m × 8 m – in the central atrium of the museum.
MUH Arla
MUH Arla is a cooperative dairy firm with its head office in Pronsfeld in the county of Bitburg-Prüm in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate. In 2011 it processed 1,317 million kilograms of milk, that had been supplied by 2,442 milk producers (as at 31 December 2011) from the regions of the Eifel, Moselle, the Rhineland, the Lower Rhine, the Bergisches Land, Belgium and Luxembourg. The cooperative has over 48 filling sites that produce over a billion cartons annually. In October 2012, It was reported that, Muh and Arla merged into Germany's third-largest dairy. In September 2017, Arla Foods would be expecting growth at the Eifel site Pronsfeld.

Eifel
The Eifel (German: [ˈaɪfl̩] ⓘ; Luxembourgish: Äifel, pronounced [ˈæːɪ̯fəl]) is a low mountain range in western Germany, eastern Belgium and northern Luxembourg. It occupies parts of southwestern North Rhine-Westphalia, northwestern Rhineland-Palatinate and the southern area of the German-speaking Community of Belgium.

The Eifel is part of the Rhenish Massif; within its northern portions lies the Eifel National Park. The Eifelian stage in geological history is named after the region because rocks of that period reach the surface in the Eifel at the Wetteldorf Richtschnitt outcrop.

The inhabitants of the Eifel are known as Eiflers or Eifelers.
Yangtze giant softshell turtle
The Yangtze giant softshell turtle (Rafetus swinhoei), also commonly known as the Red River giant softshell turtle, the Shanghai softshell turtle, the speckled softshell turtle, and Swinhoe's softshell turtle, is a critically endangered species of turtle in the family Trionychidae. It is regarded as one of the largest living freshwater turtle species. Native to eastern and southern China and northern Vietnam, the species has a known population of only two individuals, and the absence of fertile females has rendered it functionally extinct.

Changsha Ecological Zoo
Changsha Ecological Zoo (simplified Chinese: 长沙生态动物园; traditional Chinese: 長沙生態動物園; pinyin: Chángshā Shēngtài Dòngwùyuán) is a zoo in Muyun, Changsha, Hunan, China.

Covering an area of 100 hectares (250 acres), the zoo includes a walking zone, driving zone, education zone, ecological scenic zone, leisure zone and a service zone. It hosts over 300 animal species, and more than 5,000 animals.
Hans V. Engström
Hans Vollart Engström (24 February 1949 – 5 August 2014) was a Swedish actor. He was best known for his roles as Uno in the television soap opera Rederiet from 1992 until 2002. He also portrayed Jan in the drama film Mamma (1982). He primarily appeared in television films during his career.

Engström was born in Enskede near Stockholm. He died from liver failure on 5 August 2014 at the age of 65. His last role was in Beck – Den japanska shungamålningen (2007).

Liver failure
Liver failure  is the inability of the liver to perform its normal synthetic and metabolic functions as part of normal physiology. Two forms are recognised, acute and chronic (cirrhosis). Recently, a third form of liver failure known as acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is increasingly being recognized.
TV detector van
TV detector vans allegedly contain equipment that can detect the presence of television sets in use. These vans have been used by the General Post Office and later by contractors working for the BBC to enforce the television licensing system in the UK, the Channel Islands and on the Isle of Man. No TV van has ever been successful in enforcing the license fee in a court of law.

Local oscillator
In electronics, the term local oscillator (LO) refers to an electronic oscillator when used in conjunction with a mixer to change the frequency of a signal. This frequency conversion process, also called heterodyning, produces the sum and difference frequencies from the frequency of the local oscillator and frequency of the input signal to the mixer. Processing a signal at a fixed frequency gives a radio receiver improved performance. In many receivers, the function of local oscillator and mixer is combined in one stage called a "converter" - this reduces the space, cost, and power consumption by combining both functions into one active device.

The term local refers to the fact that the frequency is generated within the circuit and is not reliant on any external signals, although the frequency of the oscillator may be tuned according to external signals.
Curtis Duncan
Curtis Everett Duncan (born January 26, 1965), is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL).  He was selected by the Houston Oilers in the 10th round of the 1987 NFL draft.

A 5'11", 184-lb. receiver from Northwestern University, Duncan played his entire seven-year career with the Houston Oilers during the Run & Shoot era with fellow receivers Ernest Givins, Haywood Jeffires, Drew Hill, and quarterback Warren Moon. His best year as a pro came during the 1992 season when he caught 82 receptions for 954 yards, earning him a selection to the Pro Bowl.

Run and shoot offense
The run and shoot offense (also known as Run N' Shoot) is an offensive system for American football which emphasizes receiver motion and on-the-fly adjustments of receivers' routes in response to different defenses.  It was conceived by former high school coach Glenn "Tiger" Ellison and refined and popularized by former Portland State offensive coordinator Mouse Davis.
Mary Ann Pratt
Mary Ann Pratt ( (née Frost; January 14, 1809 – August 24, 1891) was a midwife and early member of the Latter Day Saint movement who was the second wife of Parley P. Pratt, one of the original twelve apostles of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints. She accompanied Parley P. Pratt on several missions, including one to Europe and was instrumental in publishing his writings and poems. Mary Ann joined with the church and followed Brigham Young to Utah with the Mormon pioneers, arriving in Utah Territory in 1852. She is also considered by some to have been one of the plural wives of Joseph Smith the founder of the Latter Day Saint movement. Her life paralleled much of the early history of the church.

Utah Territory
The Territory of Utah was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from September 9, 1850, until January 4, 1896, when the final extent of the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Utah, the 45th state.  At its creation, the Territory of Utah included all of the present-day State of Utah, most of the current state of Nevada save for a portion of Southern Nevada (including the metro area of the city of Las Vegas), much of modern western Colorado, and the extreme southwest corner of present-day Wyoming.
The Early Beatles
The Early Beatles is the Beatles' sixth album released on Capitol Records, and their eighth album overall for the American market. All eleven tracks on this album were previously issued on the Vee-Jay Records release Introducing... The Beatles, released in January, 1964. The front cover photo for this album features the same back cover photo for the British LP Beatles for Sale.

The album is included in Robert Christgau's "Basic Record Library" of 1950s and 1960s recordings, published in Christgau's Record Guide: Rock Albums of the Seventies (1981).

Vee-Jay Records
Vee-Jay Records is an American record label founded in the 1950s, located in Chicago and specializing in blues, jazz, rhythm and blues and rock and roll.

The label was founded in Gary, Indiana, in 1953 by Vivian Carter and James C. Bracken, a husband-and-wife team who used their initials for the label's name. Vivian's brother, Calvin Carter, was the label's A&R man. Ewart Abner, formerly of Chance Records, joined the label in 1955, first as manager, then as vice president, and ultimately as president.  One of the earliest Black American-owned record companies, Vee-Jay quickly became a major R&B label, with the first song recorded, the Spaniels' "Baby It's You,"  making it to the top ten on the national R&B charts.
Department of Washington
Department of Washington, was a department of the Union Army constituted on April 9, 1861.  It consisted of the District of Columbia to its original boundaries, and the State of Maryland as far as Bladensburg.  It was merged into the Military Division of the Potomac on July 25, 1861.   Later it was recreated on February 2, 1863 as the consolidated Department of Washington and XXII Corps.  It was again made the Department of Washington in 1865 and that command remained until 1869 when it was disbanded.

Bladensburg, Maryland
Bladensburg is a town in Prince George's County, Maryland, United States. The population was 9,657 at the 2020 census. Areas in Bladensburg are located within ZIP code 20710. Bladensburg is 8.6 miles (13.8 km) from Washington, D.C.
Charles Burpee
Charles Burpee (June 18, 1817 – November 29, 1909) was a New Brunswick farmer and political figure. He represented Sunbury in the House of Commons of Canada from 1867 to 1887 as a Liberal member. He was a member of the Senate of Canada representing New Brunswick in 1900.

He was born in Sheffield, Sunbury County, New Brunswick in 1817 and grew up there. His family had settled there around 1763 after leaving Massachusetts. Burpee served on the provincial board of agriculture from 1864 to 1865. He married Mary Perley and her sister Charlotte Hayward Perley (both died of childbirth), and Elizabeth Ann Morrow. Burpee was named to the Senate on February 1, 1900, and resigned on July 19 in the same year.

Sunbury County, New Brunswick
Sunbury County (2021 population 27,864) is located in central New Brunswick, Canada. A large military base (CFB Gagetown) is located in the western part of the county south of the town of Oromocto. The county also hosts forestry and mixed farming. Burton is the county shire town.
San Luis Creek (California)
San Luis Creek, originally Arroyo de San Luis Gonzaga, is a stream in Merced County, California. Its source is located near the eastern crest of the Diablo Range, west of San Luis Reservoir. It is dammed to form San Luis Reservoir in San Luis Reservoir State Park, and below that, O'Neill Forebay. From the latter the creek continues east to its confluence with Los Banos Creek, 3.6 mi (5.8 km) east of Ingomar, California. Los Banos Creek is a tributary to the San Joaquin River.

Diablo Range
The Diablo Range is a mountain range in the California Coast Ranges subdivision of the Pacific Coast Ranges in northern California, United States. It stretches from the eastern San Francisco Bay Area at its northern end to the Salinas Valley area at its southern end.