hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hysterical contagion
In social psychology, hysterical contagion occurs when people in a group show signs of a physical problem or illness, when in reality there are psychological and social forces at work.

Hysterical contagion is a strong form of social contagion; the symptoms can include those associated with clinical hysteria.

In 1977 Frieda L. Gehlen offered a revised theory of hysterical contagion that argues that what is actually contagious is the belief that showing certain characteristics will "entitle one to the secondary benefits of the sick role." It may be an unconscious decision on the part of the individual. This approach posited by Gehlen is believed to be more consistent with the existing knowledge of the contagion process and the theoretical approaches to collective behavior.

Social psychology
Social psychology is the methodical study of how thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others. Although studying many of the same substantive topics as its counterpart in the field of sociology, psychological social psychology places more emphasis on the individual, rather than society; the influence of social structure and culture on individual outcomes, such as personality, behavior, and one's position in social hierarchies. Social psychologists typically explain human behavior as a result of the relationship between mental states and social situations, studying the social conditions under which thoughts, feelings, and behaviors occur, and how these variables influence social interactions.
Duke of Olomouc
Duke of Olomouc (Latin: dux) or Prince of Olomouc (Czech: kníže olomoucký) was a title held by members of the Bohemian Přemyslid dynasty in medieval Moravia, where Olomouc was a gord (Slavic fortified settlement).

Bretislav I (r. 1031–?)

Otto (r. 1061–87)

Boleslaus (r. fl. 1087)

Svatopluk (r. 1090–1107)

Otto the Black (r. fl. 1126)

Václav (r. 1126–30)

Otto III (r. 1140–60)

Frederick (r. 1164–72)

Oldřich (r. 1173–77)

Vladimír (r. fl. 1195–96)

Mikulaš (r. fl. 1269)

Gord (archaeology)
A gord is a medieval Slavonic fortified settlement, usually built on strategic sites such as hilltops (a hillfort), riverbanks, lake islets or peninsulas between the 6th and 12th centuries in Central and Eastern Europe. A typical gord consisted of a group of wooden houses surrounded by a wall made of earth and wood, and a palisade running along the top of the bulwark.
Vincenzo Aita
Vincenzo Aita (born September 14, 1948, in Eboli) is an Italian politician and a member of the European Parliament with the Partito della Rifondazione Comunista, part of the European United Left–Nordic Green Left. He sits on the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs and is a substitute on the Committee on Agriculture and Rural Development.

From 1972 to 1976, Aita was a member of the Salerno Provincial Committee of the Alleanza Contadini Party. From 1976 to 1980 he was a member of the Central Committee of the Italian Communist Party, and he was a member of the Central Committee of the Italian Communist Party from 1975 to 1983. From 1983 to 1996, he was a municipal councillor for Eboli. He was a Deputy Mayor of Eboli with responsibility for finance from 1987 to 1988. From 1980 to 1985, he was a member of the Campania Regional Council. Most recently, from June 2000 until September 2004, he was a member of the Campania Regional Executive with responsibility for agriculture.

Eboli
Eboli (Ebolitano: Jevule) is a town and comune of Campania, southern Italy, in the province of Salerno.

Eboli, an agricultural centre, is renowned for its olive oil and dairy products, most notably the famous buffalo mozzarella from the area.
Mount Salem Vineyards
Mount Salem Vineyards is a boutique winery in the Pittstown section of Alexandria Township in Hunterdon County, New Jersey, United States. Formerly a produce, grain, and dairy farm, the vineyard was first planted in 2005, and opened to the public in 2010. Peter Leiter, the proprietor of Mount Salem, founded the Appalachian Highlands Vinifera Society, whose mission is to enhance the quality of wine grape growing and winemaking in Northern New Jersey.  Mount Salem has 7 acres of grapes under cultivation, and produces 1,000 cases of wine per year. The winery is located at over 600 feet above sea level on Mount Salem, the mountain for which the farm is named.

Boutique
A boutique (French: [butik]) is a retail shop that deals in high end fashionable clothing or accessories. The word is French for "shop", which derives ultimately from the Ancient Greek ἀποθήκη (apothēkē) "storehouse".

Some multi-outlet businesses (chain stores) can be referred to as boutiques if they target small, upscale niche markets. Although some boutiques specialize in hand-made items and other unique products, others simply produce T-shirts, stickers, and other fashion accessories in artificially small runs and sell them at high prices.
BLU-109 bomb
The BLU-109/B is a hardened bunker buster penetration bomb used by the United States Air Force (BLU is an acronym for Bomb Live Unit). As with other "bunker busters", it is intended to penetrate concrete shelters and other hardened structures before exploding. In addition to the US, it is part of the armament of the air forces of Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Israel, Netherlands, Norway, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, United Kingdom, and United Arab Emirates.

Royal Norwegian Air Force
The Royal Norwegian Air Force (RNoAF) (Norwegian: Luftforsvaret, lit. 'The Air Defence') is the air force of Norway. It was established as a separate arm of the Norwegian Armed Forces on 10 November 1944. The RNoAF's peacetime establishment is approximately 2,430 employees (officers, enlisted staff and civilians). 600 personnel also serve their draft period in the RNoAF. After mobilization, the RNoAF would consist of approximately 5,500 personnel.

The infrastructure of the RNoAF includes seven airbases (at Ørland, Rygge, Andøya, Evenes, Bardufoss, Bodø, and Gardermoen). It also has one control and reporting centre (in Sørreisa Municipality) and three training centres: Værnes in Stjørdal Municipality (about 32.7 kilometres (20.3 mi) northeast of Trondheim), Kjevik in Kristiansand Municipality, and at KNM Harald Haarfagre/Madlaleiren in Stavanger Municipality.
Maha Prachandaru
Maha Prachandaru (pronunciationⓘ) is a 1981 Indian Kannada-language heist film, directed by Joe Simon and produced by R. Thimmaiah, M. Krishna, Revanna and Shantha S. Karmore. The film stars Vishnuvardhan, Ambareesh, Kumari Vinaya and Halam in lead roles. The film had musical score by Upendra Kumar. The movie is based on novel Vigraha Choraru by Vijay Sasanur. The concept of the movie was later used in the 2008 film Navagraha.

Joe Simon (director)
S. M. Joe Simon (1947 or 1948 – 12 February 2026) was an Indian film director, actor, lyricist, screenplay and story writer, known for his work in Kannada cinema.  Some of the films directed by Simon are Mr. Vasu (1995), Wanted (1993), Ravivarma (1992), Snehada Kadalalli (1992).

Simon was a part of more than 100 films in Kannada, either as actor, dialogue writer or director. He had served as the Vice-president of Kannada Film Directors Association (KANFIDA). He died from a heart attack on 12 February 2026, at the age of 78.
Adelaide of Vianden
Countess Adelaide of Vianden (d. 30 September 1376; German: Adelheid Gräfin von Vianden) was a countess from the House of Vianden, the cadet branch of the House of Sponheim that ruled the County of Vianden, and through marriage Countess of Nassau-Siegen. She acted as regent of the County of Nassau-Siegen for her eldest son during his minority in the period 1351–1362.

Adelaide, described as a clever and energetic woman, endeavoured to gradually settle the numerous feuds inherited by her and her son with the local noble families, the powerful lords of Bicken, Walderdorff and Haiger, although she herself did not disdain to take up the gauntlet forced upon her on one occasion or another. On the other hand, she also resolved many of the pledges entered into by her husband. In the underdeveloped County of Nassau-Siegen, where the local nobility thought they had a free hand, she kept the reins tight.

Pledge (law)
A pledge is a bailment that conveys title to property owned by a debtor (the pledgor) to a creditor (the pledgee) to secure repayment for some debt or obligation and to the mutual benefit of both parties. The term is also used to denote the property which constitutes the security. The pledge is a type of security interest. Pledge is the pignus of Roman law, from which most of the modern European-based law on the subject is derived, but is generally a feature of even the most basic legal systems. A pledge of personal property is known as a pawn.
Muhammed Demirci
Muhammed Demirci (born 3 January 1995) is a Turkish professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for TFF 2. Lig club Ankaraspor.

He signed his first professional contract with Beşiktaş through the 2010–2011 season and played his first match against Gaziantep on 3 March 2011.

TFF 2. Lig
The TFF 2. Lig (lit. 'TFF 2nd League'), currently referred to as Nesine 2. Lig for sponsorship reasons, is the third level in the Turkish football league system. It was founded in the 2001–02 season with the name of Turkish Second League Category B as a continuation of the then second level division. In the 2005–06 season, the name of the league was changed to Lig B. Since the 2007–08 season, the league's current name is used along with sponsor names.

Turkish Second Football League (in Turkish: Türkiye İkinci Futbol Ligi or shortly İkinci Lig or 2. Lig) is a defunct football league in Turkey. It was the second level division in Turkish football since its foundation in 1963–64 until the formation of the new league system in 2001–02. The Second Football League was divided into two categories in the 2001–02 season: Category A and Category B. Since 2007–08, Category A has continued as the TFF First League and Category B has continued as the TFF Second League.
Wahid Enitan Oshodi
Wahid Enitan Oshodi (born May 5, 1967) is a Nigerian sports administrator, legal practitioner, and civil engineer. He is the President of the African Table Tennis Federation (ATTF) and an Executive Vice President of the International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF). He is a former Commissioner for Youth, Sports, and Social Development in Lagos State and a former President of the Nigerian Table Tennis Federation.

Nigerian Table Tennis Federation
The Nigeria Table Tennis Federation (NTTF) is the governing body responsible for the development and promotion of table tennis in Nigeria. It oversees the organization and management of the national table tennis team for local and international competitions. The NTTF is recognized by the International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF). The current president of the NTTF is Ishaku Tikon.
Cover (topology)
In mathematics, and more particularly in set theory, a cover (or covering) of a set  is a family of subsets of  whose union is all of . More formally, if  is an indexed family of subsets  (indexed by the set ), then  is a cover of  if

Thus the collection  is a cover of  if each element of  belongs to at least one of the subsets .

Set (mathematics)
In mathematics, a set is a collection of different things; the things are called elements or members of the set and are typically mathematical objects: numbers, symbols, points in space, lines, geometric shapes, variables, or other sets.  A set may be finite or infinite. There is a unique set with no elements, called the empty set; a set with a single element is a singleton.

Mathematics typically does not define precisely what constitutes a "set" or "collection", because such a definition would have to be in terms of something else previously defined.  Instead, sets serve as foundational objects whose behavior is described by axioms modeled on intuition about collections, and then essentially all other mathematical objects are rigorously defined in terms of sets.

Set theory studies possible axiom systems and their consequences.
Since the first half of the 20th century, ZFC (Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory with the axiom of choice) has been the axiom system most commonly used.
Casey Key, Florida
Casey Key is a barrier island off the coast of Southwest Florida, located south of Siesta Key. Casey Key is part of the North Port—Sarasota—Bradenton Metropolitan Statistical Area. Casey Key was severely damaged by 2024 hurricanes Helene and Milton.

Bradenton, Florida
Bradenton (/ˈbreɪdəntən/ ⓘ BRAY-dən-tən) is a city in and the county seat of Manatee County, Florida, United States. Its population was 55,698 at the 2020 census. It is a principal city in the Sarasota metropolitan area.

Downtown Bradenton is along the Manatee River and includes the Bradenton Riverwalk and Bishop Museum of Science and Nature. To the south of Bradenton is Sarasota; beach communities on Anna Maria Island are to its west, and the Manatee River and Palmetto are to its north.
COVID-19 pandemic in Mizoram
The first case of the COVID-19 pandemic in India was reported on 30 January 2020. Slowly, the pandemic spread to various states and union territories including the state of Mizoram. The first case was recorded in this region on 24 March 2020, and the first death was recorded on 28 October 2020.

Zoram Medical College
Zoram Medical College and Hospital previously known as Mizoram Institute of Medical Education & Research is the first medical college in Mizoram, India. It was inaugurated on 7 August 2018 by the then CM of Mizoram, Lal Thanhawla, at Falkawn, about 16 km (9.9 mi) from Aizawl, Mizoram. ZMC is expected to meet the growing demand of Doctors in Mizoram.
Tommy Brunner
Tommy Brunner (1970 in Innsbruck – 21 April 2006 in Bella Coola, British Columbia, Canada) was an Austrian big mountain snowboarding legend. He died in an avalanche in April 2006, just 2 weeks after the release of a computer game by Bongfish Interactive Entertainment dedicated to him called Stoked Rider.

Snowboarding
Snowboarding is a recreational and competitive activity that involves descending a snow-covered surface while standing on a snowboard that is always attached to a rider's feet. It features in the Winter Olympic Games and Winter Paralympic Games.

Snowboarding was developed in the United States, inspired by skiing and skateboarding, which itself was inspired by surfing. Snowboarding became popular around the world in the late 20th century and was introduced as a Winter Olympic Sport at Nagano in 1998 and featured in the Winter Paralympics at Sochi in 2014. As of 2015, its popularity (as measured by equipment sales) in the United States peaked in 2007 and has been in a decline since.
Acetylcarnosine
N-Acetylcarnosine or Acetylcarnosine (NAC) (not to be confused with N-Acetylcysteine, which is also abbreviated "NAC") is a naturally occurring compound chemically related to the dipeptide carnosine. The NAC molecular structure is identical to carnosine with the exception that it carries an additional acetyl group. The acetylation makes NAC more resistant to degradation by carnosinase, an enzyme that breaks down carnosine to its constituent amino acids, beta-alanine and histidine.

Histidine
Histidine (symbol His or H) is an essential amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an α-amino group (which is in the protonated –NH3+ form under biological conditions), a carboxylic acid group (which is in the deprotonated –COO− form under biological conditions), and an imidazole side chain (which is partially protonated), classifying it as a positively charged amino acid at physiological pH. Initially thought essential only for infants, it has now been shown in longer-term studies to be essential for adults also. It is encoded by the codons CAU and CAC.

Histidine was first isolated by Albrecht Kossel and Sven Gustaf Hedin in 1896. The name stems from its discovery in tissue, from ἱστός histós "tissue". It is also a precursor to histamine, a vital inflammatory agent in immune responses. The acyl radical is histidyl.
Roberto Viola (civil servant)
Roberto Viola (born 1958) is a European civil servant from Italy.

Since 2015, he has been the Director General of Directorate-General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology (DG Connect), the European Commission department responsible for developing policies and funding programmes that support digital technologies and online services across Europe.

European Civil Service
The European Civil Service is a generic term applied to all staff serving the institutions and agencies of the European Union (EU). Although recruitment is sometimes done jointly, each institution is responsible for its own internal structures and hierarchies.
USS Carson City
Two ships of the United States Navy have borne the name USS Carson City, named in honor of the city of Carson City, Nevada.

USS Carson City (PF-50) was a Tacoma-class frigate in commission from 1944 to 1945, then transferred to the Soviet Union and Japan

USNS Carson City (T-EPF-7) is a Spearhead-class expeditionary fast transport

USNS Carson City
USNS Carson City (JHSV-7/T-EPF-7), (ex-Courageous) is the seventh Spearhead-class expeditionary fast transport, currently in service with the United States Navy's Military Sealift Command. She is the second ship in naval service named after Carson City, Nevada.

Carson City was built by Austal USA in Mobile, Alabama. The ship was christened at the Austal USA shipyards in Mobile on 16 January 2016.
David Fairchild
David Grandison Fairchild (April 7, 1869 – August 6, 1954) was an American botanist and plant explorer. Fairchild was responsible for the introduction of more than 200,000 exotic plants and varieties of established crops into the United States, including soybeans, pistachios, mangos, nectarines, dates, bamboos, and flowering cherries. Certain varieties of wheat, cotton, and rice became especially economically important.

Mango
A mango is an edible stone fruit produced by the tropical tree Mangifera indica. It originated in the northeastern part of the Indian subcontinent, in what is now Bangladesh, northeastern India and Myanmar. M. indica has been cultivated in South and Southeast Asia since ancient times, resulting in two modern mango cultivar lineages: the "Indian" and the "Southeast Asian" types. Other species in the genus Mangifera also produce edible fruits called "mangoes," most of which are found in the Malesian ecoregion.

There are several hundred cultivars of mango worldwide. Depending on the cultivar, mango fruit varies in size, shape, sweetness, skin color, and flesh color, which may be pale yellow, gold, green, or orange. Mango is the national fruit of India, Pakistan, and the Philippines, while the mango tree is the national tree of Bangladesh.
Li Ruofan
Li Ruofan (Chinese: 李若凡; pinyin: Lǐ Ruòfán; born April 30, 1978) is a Chinese chess player who holds the FIDE titles of International Master (IM) and Woman Grandmaster (WGM). Notable title victories include the 2001 Asian Women's Chess Championship in Chennai, and the 2006 Chinese Women's Chess Championship in Wuxi with a score of 8½/12.

Li played for the China national "B" team at the 1999 Women's Asian Team Chess Championship with an overall record of 3 games played (+0, =2, -1).

In 2002 Li won the Women's World University Chess Championship in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
In 2007, she transferred national federations to represent Singapore. At the 2008 Japfa Chess Festival in Jakarta, Li Ruofan won the WGM Tournament, a six-player double round-robin event. Li played on board one for Singapore at the Women's Chess Olympiad at Baku in 2016, scoring +4 =4 -2 (60%).

In 2017 she moved back to the Chinese federation.

Asian Chess Championship
The Asian Chess Championship is a chess tournament open to all players from Asian chess federations (FIDE zones from 3.1 to 3.8). It is held with the Swiss system and consists of two divisions, Open and Women's, the latter of which is reserved to female players. Both sections determine the Asian champions and qualify a certain number of players for the FIDE World Cup and Women's World Cup. The Championship is regulated by the Asian Chess Federation.
Simonet Creek
Simonet Creek is a river which flows through the Abel Tasman National Park in the north of the South Island of New Zealand.

The creek start in the hills of the park and empties into the Tasman Sea approximately 3.5 kilometres (2.2 mi) from Mārahau and the start of the Abel Tasman Coast Track  which it flows underneath near to Apple Tree Bay.

Tasman Sea
The Tasman Sea is a marginal sea of the South Pacific Ocean, situated between Australia and New Zealand. It measures about 2,000 km (1,200 mi) across and about 2,800 km (1,700 mi) from north to south. The sea was named after the Dutch explorer Abel Janszoon Tasman, who in 1642 was the first known European to cross it. British explorer Lieutenant James Cook later extensively navigated the Tasman Sea in the 1770s during his three voyages of exploration.

The Māori people of New Zealand call this sea Te Moana-a-Rehua meaning 'the sea of Rehua' which clashes with the Pacific waters named Te Tai-o-Whitirea ('the sea of Whitirea') – after Whitirea, Rehua's lover – at Cape Reinga, the northernmost tip of North Island.
Withrow, Alberta
Withrow is a hamlet in central Alberta, Canada within Clearwater County. It is located on a Canadian National rail line and Withrow Road (Range Road 43), 8 km (5.0 mi) north of Highway 11 and 8 km (5.0 mi) south of Highway 12. It is approximately 15 km (9.3 mi) east of Rocky Mountain House.

Central Alberta
Central Alberta is a region located in the Canadian province of Alberta.

Central Alberta is the most densely populated rural area in the province. Agriculture and energy are important to the area's economy.
In Kind Direct
In Kind Direct is a charity in the United Kingdom founded in 1996 by King Charles III (the then Prince of Wales). The charity distributes new donated usable consumer goods from manufacturers and retailers to British charities working both domestically and abroad. King Charles III is In Kind Direct's Royal founding patron, and Rosanne Gray CEO since December 2019.

Prince of Wales
Prince of Wales is a title traditionally given to the male heir apparent to the English, and later, the British throne. The title originated with the Welsh rulers of Gwynedd who, from the late 12th century, used it (albeit inconsistently) to assert their supremacy over the other Welsh rulers. However, to mark the finalisation of his conquest of Wales, in 1301, Edward I of England invested his son Edward of Caernarfon with the title, thereby beginning the tradition of giving the title to the heir apparent when he was the monarch's son or grandson. The title was later claimed by the leader of a Welsh rebellion, Owain Glyndŵr, from 1400 until 1415.

King Charles III created his son, William, Prince of Wales on 9 September 2022, the day after his accession to the throne, with formal letters patent issued on 13 February 2023. The title has become a point of controversy in Wales.
Robert Daudlin
Robert Mose Patrick Daudlin (born 3 March 1940) is a Canadian lawyer who was a Liberal party member of the House of Commons of Canada.

Born in Port Crewe, Ontario, He won the Kent—Essex electoral district in the 1974 federal election and was re-elected in the 1979 and 1980 federal elections. He did not campaign in the 1984 election, thus he left office after serving in the 30th, 31st and 32nd Canadian Parliaments.

He was appointed a judge of the Ontario Court of Justice in 1990.

Ontario Court of Justice
The Ontario Court of Justice is the provincial court of record for the Canadian province of Ontario. The court sits at more than 200 locations across the province and oversees matters relating to family law, criminal law, and provincial offences.