hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2023 Berlin climate neutrality referendum
The 2023 Berlin climate neutrality referendum, also referred to as Berlin 2030 climate-neutral (German: Berlin 2030 klimaneutral), was a citizens' initiative launched in Berlin in 2018. It was the subject of a city-wide referendum on 26 March 2023, commonly called the Klima-Volksentscheid (English: climate referendum). Voters were asked whether the Climate Protection and Energy Transition Act of 2016 should be amended.

The primary goal of the referendum was to legislate a goal of carbon neutrality by the year 2030 rather than the existing goal of 2045. Since the referendum proposed specific amendments to the law, its result would have been legally binding. In order to pass, the proposal needed to be approved by a majority of voters and receive approval from a quorum of over 25% of registered voters.

While 50.9% of those who participated voted in favour, as turnout was approximately 18%, the 25% quorum was not met.

Quorum
A quorum is the minimum number of members of a group necessary to constitute the group at a meeting. In a deliberative assembly (a body that uses parliamentary procedure, such as a legislature), a quorum is necessary to conduct the business of that group.  In contrast, a plenum is a meeting of the full (or rarely nearly full) body. A body, or a meeting or vote of it, is quorate if a quorum is present (or casts valid votes).

The term quorum is from a Middle English wording of the commission formerly issued to justices of the peace, derived from Latin quorum, "of whom", genitive plural of qui, "who". As a result, quora as plural of quorum is not a grammatically well-formed Latin-language construction. In modern times, a quorum might be defined as the minimum number of voters needed for a valid election. Quorums are often part of parliamentary procedure.
Francesco Porcia
Francesco Porcia or Francesco Apollodoro (Porcia in the Friuli, 1531 - Padua, 1612) was an Italian painter, chiefly of portraits in Padua. He is suspected to have been the son or grandson of the painter Paolino Apollodoro.

Friuli
Friuli (Italian: [friˈuːli]; Friulian: Friûl [fɾiˈuːl] ⓘ; Venetian: Friul or Friułi; Slovene: Furlanija; Austrian German: Friaul) is a historical region of northeast Italy. The region is marked by its separate regional and ethnic identity predominantly tied to the Friulians, who speak the Friulian language. It comprises the major part of the autonomous region Friuli-Venezia Giulia, i.e. the administrative provinces of Udine, Pordenone, and Gorizia, excluding Trieste.
Andrew Shore (hurler)
Andrew Shore (born 19 March 1990) is an Irish hurler who plays as a centre-back for the Wexford senior teams.

Born in Davidstown, County Wexford, Shore first arrived on the inter-county scene at the age of seventeen when he first linked up with the Wexford minor team, before later joining the under-21 side. He made his senior debut during the 2009 National Hurling League. Since then Shore has been a regular member of the starting fifteen, and has won one National League (Division 2) medal.

As a member of the Leinster inter-provincial team on a number of occasions, Shore has won one Railway Cup medal. At club level he plays with Davidstown/Courtnacuddy.

Wexford GAA
The Wexford County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) (Irish: Cumann Luthchleas Gael Coiste Chontae Loch Garman) or Wexford GAA is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland, and is responsible for Gaelic games in County Wexford. The county board is also responsible for the Wexford county teams.

Wexford is one of the few counties to have won the All-Ireland Senior Championship in both football and hurling.

The county hurling team last won the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship in 1996.

The county football team has won five All-Ireland Senior Football Championships, with the most recent win achieved in 1918.
Basedowia tenerrima
Basedowia is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the aster family, Asteraceae, containing the single species Basedowia tenerrima.

This plant is endemic to northern South Australia, where it occurs in the Everard and Musgrave Ranges in Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara. It is known from six locations. It has a disjunct distribution, occurring in patches of appropriate habitat that are spaced widely.

This is an ephemeral annual herb with thin, green leaves sheathing thin stems and rounded, white flower heads. It grows on rocky mountain slopes. It can become locally abundant when rain falls, with the seeds remaining in the soil for years between rainfall events.

Musgrave Ranges
Musgrave Ranges is a mountain range in Central Australia, straddling the boundary of South Australia (Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara) and the Northern Territory (MacDonnell Shire), extending into Western Australia. It is between the Great Victoria Desert to the south and the Gibson Desert to the north. They have a length of 210 kilometres (130 mi) and many peaks that have a height of more than 1,100 metres (3,600 ft), the highest being Ngarutjaranya at 1,435 metres (4,708 ft).
Bishop Horden Memorial School
Bishop Horden Hall, also known as Bishop Horden Memorial School, Moose Factory Residential School, and Horden Hall, was a residential school that operated from 1906 until 1976 on Moose Factory Island, at the southern end of James Bay, at the bottom of Hudson Bay, in northern Ontario.

During its 70 years, Horden Hall was known by nine names and operated out of several different buildings. Bishop Horden Hall is the name used for the school in the 2006 Indian Residential Schools Settlement Agreement (IRSSA), in which the Government of Canada acknowledged the damage done to Indigenous people who attended residential schools, and established a $1.9-billion compensation package to compensate them for the harms they suffered.

Between 1906 and 1927, an average of 25 children lived at the school. Residency peaked between 1957 and 1958, with 251 children. When the school closed in 1976, there were 107 children living there.

James Bay
James Bay (French: Baie James, pronounced [bɛ dʒɛmz]; Cree: ᐐᓂᐯᒄ, romanized: Wînipekw, lit. 'dirty water') is a body of water located on the southern end of Hudson Bay in Canada. It borders the provinces of Quebec and Ontario, and is politically part of Nunavut. Its largest island is Akimiski Island.

Numerous waterways of the James Bay watershed have been modified with dams or diversion for several major hydroelectric projects. These waterways are also destinations for river-based recreation. Several communities are located near or alongside James Bay, including a number of Aboriginal Canadian communities, such as the Kashechewan First Nation and nine communities affiliated with the Cree of northern Quebec.

As with the rest of Hudson Bay, the waters of James Bay routinely freeze over in winter. It is the last part of Hudson Bay to freeze over in winter, and the first to thaw in summer.
Guanche language
Guanche is an extinct language or dialect continuum that was spoken by the Guanches of the Canary Islands until the 16th or 17th century. It died out after the conquest of the Canary Islands as the Guanche ethnic group was assimilated into the dominant Spanish culture. The Guanche language is known today through sentences and individual words that were recorded by early geographers, as well as through several place-names and some Guanche words that were retained in the Canary Islanders' Spanish.

Culture of Spain
The culture of Spain is influenced by its Western origin, its interaction with other cultures in Europe, its historically Catholic religious tradition, and the varied national and regional identities within the country. It encompasses literature, music, visual arts, cuisine as well as contemporary customs, beliefs, institutions, and social norms. Beyond Spain, Spanish culture is a major component of most Latin American cultures and an important influence on Filipino culture.
Los Rios Historic District
The Los Rios Historic District is an historic district and neighborhood in the city of San Juan Capistrano, California.  The nearby Mission San Juan Capistrano was the first of the 21 California Missions to have Native Americans, soldiers and workers live outside the mission grounds, making it the oldest residential neighborhood in California.  Three adobe structures remain in the Los Rios neighborhood itself, although there are a number of others close by which were part of what was once a larger neighborhood.

The neighborhood originally had 40 adobe structures, but most were replaced in the 19th century by wooden board and batten structures.  Thirty-one of the buildings on Los Rios Street and the surrounding area are listed on the National Register of Historic Places as of 1983.

Batten
A batten is most commonly a strip of solid material, historically  wood but can also be of plastic, metal, or fiberglass.  Battens are variously used in construction, sailing, and other fields.

In the lighting industry, battens refer to linear  light fittings.

In the steel industry, battens used as furring may also be referred to as "top hats", in reference to the profile of the metal.
Lena Jensen
Lena Jensen (born 29 January 1973 in Tromsø) is a Norwegian politician for the Socialist Left Party (SV). She was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Troms in 2001.

She served as a member of the Tromsø municipality council from 1995 to 2001.

Troms
Troms (Norwegian: [trʊms] ⓘ; Northern Sami: Romsa; Kven: Tromssa; Finnish: Tromssa) is a  county in northern Norway. It borders Finnmark county to the northeast and Nordland county in the southwest. Norrbotten Län in Sweden is located to the south and further southeast is a shorter border with Lapland Province in Finland. To the west is the Norwegian Sea (Atlantic Ocean). The county had a population of 169,610 in 2024.

The entire county, which was established in 1866, is located north of the Arctic Circle. The Troms County Municipality is the governing body for the county, elected by the people of Troms, while the Troms county governor is a representative of the King and Government of Norway.

From January 2020 to December 2023, Troms was merged with the neighboring Finnmark county to create the new Troms og Finnmark county. This merger was reversed by the government resulting from the 2021 Norwegian parliamentary election.
Jim Wills
James George Wills (21 October 1914 – 14 May 2007) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Geelong in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

Recruited from Geelong West, Wills played 16 senior games in 1937, his debut season. He was a half forward flanker in the 1937 VFL Grand Final and had 18 kicks in a winning team. He managed just 10 further appearances over the next three years, not featuring at all in the 1939 VFL season. In 1941 he enlisted with the Royal Australian Armoured Corps and served overseas during World War II.

Geelong West St Peters Football Club
The Geelong West St Peters Football Club, nicknamed the Roosters, was an Australian rules football club that last competed in the Geelong Football League (GFL) from 1989 until the end of the 2016 season.

Prior to its merger with St Peters Football Club in 1989, the club played in the Victorian Football Association (VFA) from 1963 until 1988.

At the conclusion of the 2016 GFL season, the Roosters merged with co-tenants Geelong West Sports Club to form a new club, Geelong West Giants.
Mahtra sõda
Mahtra sõda (The Mahtra War) is a 1902 novel by Eduard Vilde. It is the first part of a trilogy of historical novels about the peasant movements of the 1900s. The second work of the trilogy is Kui Anija mehed Tallinnas käisid (When Anija's Men Went to Tallinn, 1903), and the third part is Prohvet Maltsvet (Prophet Maltsvet, 1905–1908).

The novel is about the peasant insurgency known as the Mahtra War. The uprising took place from May to July 1858 at Mahtra Manor in the former Juuru Parish.

Juuru Parish
Juuru Parish (Estonian: Juuru vald) is a former Estonian municipality located in Rapla County. It had a population of 1,627 (as of 31 March 2006) and an area of 152.4 km².

In 2017, Juuru Parish was merged into Rapla Parish.
Inositol trisphosphate
Inositol trisphosphate or inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate abbreviated InsP3 or Ins3P or IP3 is an inositol phosphate signaling molecule. It is made by hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), a phospholipid that is located in the plasma membrane, by phospholipase C (PLC).
Together with diacylglycerol (DAG), IP3 is a second messenger molecule used in signal transduction in biological cells. While DAG stays inside the membrane, IP3 is soluble and diffuses through the cell, where it binds to its receptor, which is a calcium channel located in the endoplasmic reticulum. When IP3 binds its receptor, calcium is released into the cytosol, thereby activating various calcium regulated intracellular signals.

Hydroxy group
In chemistry, a hydroxy or hydroxyl group is a functional group with the chemical formula −OH and composed of one oxygen atom covalently bonded to one hydrogen atom. In organic chemistry, alcohols and carboxylic acids contain one or more hydroxy groups. Both the negatively charged anion HO−, called hydroxide, and the neutral radical HO·, known as the hydroxyl radical, consist of an unbonded hydroxy group.

According to IUPAC definitions, the term hydroxyl refers to the hydroxyl radical (·OH) only, while the functional group −OH is called a hydroxy group.
Huai River Water Resources Commission
Huai River Water Resources Commission (HRWC) is a subordinated government agency of Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of China. HRWC takes responsibility of water administration of the Huai River basin which covers some parts of Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu, Shandong and Hubei provinces. The head office is in Bengbu City.

Bengbu
Bengbu (Chinese: 蚌埠; pinyin: Bèngbù; Wade–Giles: Peng-pu) is a city in northern Anhui Province, China. Its population was 3,296,408 registered residents at the 2020 census. 1,968,027 lived in the built-up area made of four Bengbu urban districts and Fengyang County in Chuzhou Prefecture, largely being conurbated. Its name means "Clam Wharf" in Chinese, echoing its former reputation as a freshwater pearl fishery.
Tianjin delegation to the National People's Congress
The Tianjin delegation to the National People's Congress is a delegation composed of deputies representing Tianjin Municipality in within the National People's Congress (NPC), the highest organ of state power of the People's Republic of China. NPC deputies from Tianjin Municipality are officially elected by the Tianjin Municipal People's Congress.

Delegations to the National People's Congress
The National People's Congress (NPC), the supreme organ of state power of the People's Republic of China (PRC), is elected by the people's congresses of each province-level division, except for Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan, and the People's Liberation Army and People's Armed Police, whose delegations are elected according to specific procedures. The delegations are formed according to their respective constituencies. During formal or preparatory meetings of the NPC, discussions are conducted in groups according to the delegations. There are currently 35 delegations, including 31 delegations from mainland province-level administrative units, 2 delegations from special administrative regions, a delegation from the PRC's claimed Taiwan Province, and a joint delegation from the People's Liberation Army and the People's Armed Police.
Atiprosin
Atiprosin (developmental code name AY-28,228) is an antihypertensive agent which acts as a selective α1-adrenergic receptor antagonist. It also possesses some antihistamine activity, though it is some 15-fold weaker in this regard than as an alpha blocker. It was never marketed.

Alpha blocker
Alpha blockers, also known as α-blockers or α-adrenoreceptor antagonists, are a class of  pharmacological agents that act as antagonists on α-adrenergic receptors (α-adrenoceptors).

Historically, alpha-blockers were used as a tool for pharmacologic research to develop a greater understanding of the autonomic nervous system. Using alpha blockers, scientists began characterizing arterial blood pressure and central vasomotor control in the autonomic nervous system. Today, they can be used as clinical treatments for a limited number of diseases.

Alpha blockers can treat a small range of diseases such as hypertension, Raynaud's disease, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and erectile dysfunction. Generally speaking, these treatments function by binding an α-blocker to α receptors in the arteries and smooth muscle. Ultimately, depending on the type of alpha receptor, this relaxes the smooth muscle or blood vessels, which increases fluid flow in these entities.
Stefana Fratila
Stefana Fratila is a Romanian-Canadian artist, composer, and sound effects editor, who was a winner of the Canadian Screen Award for Best Sound Editing at the 10th Canadian Screen Awards in 2022 for Scarborough and the Canadian Screen Award for Best Sound Design in a Documentary at the 12th Canadian Screen Awards for Swan Song (2023 film).

Canadian Screen Award for Best Sound Design in a Documentary
The Canadian Screen Award for Best Sound Design in a Documentary is an annual award, presented by the Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television. It is presented as part of the Canadian Screen Awards program, to honour the best sound in a feature documentary film. Unlike the awards for narrative feature films, which are separated into two distinct categories for Best Sound Editing and Best Sound Mixing, there is only a single category for documentary films considering all aspects of sound design.

The award was presented for the first time at the 12th Canadian Screen Awards in 2024.
György Zádor
György  Zádor (Duka, 3 July 1799 - Pest, 17 August 1866) was a jurist and writer from the Austrian Empire. He was a member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Kisfaludy Society.

György Zádor went to schools in Pápa, Kőszeg, Győr and to the University in Pest,  where he met Mihály Vörösmarty and he started publishing using Fenyéri Gyula as his nom de plume.

Hungarian Academy of Sciences
The Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Hungarian: Magyar Tudományos Akadémia [ˈmɒɟɒr ˈtudomaːɲoʃ ˈɒkɒdeːmijɒ], MTA) is Hungary’s foremost and most prestigious learned society. Its headquarters are located along the banks of the Danube in Budapest, between Széchenyi rakpart and Akadémia utca. The Academy's primary functions include the advancement of scientific knowledge, the dissemination of research findings, the support of research and development, and the representation of science in Hungary both domestically and around the world.
Thomas Thompson (footballer)
Thomas Thompson (1879–1939) was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League for Small Heath.

Thompson was born in Smethwick, Staffordshire. He was playing for Nettlefolds' works team when Small Heath signed him, attracted by his pace on the left wing. His debut, on 24 January 1903 in a Second Division game away at Preston North End which Small Heath lost 2–1, was his only first-team appearance, and he returned that same year to non-league football with Oldbury Town.

He died in Birmingham in 1939.

Smethwick
Smethwick (/ˈsmɛðɪk/) is an industrial town in the Sandwell district, in the county of the West Midlands, England. It lies 4 miles (6 km) west of Birmingham city centre. Historically it was in Staffordshire and then Worcestershire before being placed into West Midlands county.

In 2019, the ward of Smethwick had an estimated population of 15,246, while the wider built-up area subdivision has a population of 53,653.
2019 Global Awards
The 2019 Global Awards ceremony was held on Thursday, 7 March 2019 at London's Eventim Apollo and was sponsored by very.co.uk.

Roman Kemp, Rochelle Humes and Myleene Klass returned to host for the second year.

Performances and special appearances included Little Mix, Lang Lang, Blossoms, Anne-Marie, Mark Ronson and Mabel.

Very (online retailer)
Shop Direct Home Shopping Limited (trading as Very and Littlewoods.com) is a British online retailer, originally founded in the 1990s as Littlewoods Direct. In July 2009, Littlewoods Direct was rebranded to Very, with Littlewoods.com continuing as its sister website. The company is based in Speke, Liverpool.

From June 2009 to June 2015, the company also operated the Woolworths.co.uk sister website. After its closure, all Woolworths.co.uk traffic was re-directed to Very.
Edward Riley (pastoralist)
Edward Riley (30 January 1784 – 21 February 1825) was a merchant and early pastoralist in Sydney, Australia.  Born in London to George Riley Sr., a well-educated bookseller, and Margaret Raby, he was the younger brother of Alexander Riley and the first person in his family to be interested by colonial life, moving to Calcutta and trading between Canton and Australia.  William Rubinstein listed Edward Riley as being Australia's ninth richest man ever in Australian history in terms of current GDP Value.

Riley began his career as a merchant shipping rum, clothing and food from Calcutta, India to his brother, Alexander and Richard Jones in New South Wales.

Riley Street in Sydney is named after Edward Riley.

Penrith, New South Wales
Penrith is a suburb in Outer Western Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It is located 55 kilometres (34 mi) west of the Sydney central business district on the eastern bank of the Nepean River. It is on the outskirts of the Cumberland Plain at an elevation of 32 metres (105 ft). Penrith is the administrative centre for the City of Penrith local government area.
Steel casting
Steel casting is a specialized form of casting involving various types of steel cast to either final/net or near-net shape. Steel castings are used when iron castings cannot deliver enough strength or shock resistance.

Examples of items that are steel castings include: hydroelectric turbine wheels, forging presses, gears, railroad truck frames, valve bodies, pump casings, mining machinery, marine equipment, turbocharger turbines and engine cylinder blocks.

Steel castings are categorized into two general groups: carbon steels and alloy steels.

Forging
Forging is a manufacturing process involving the shaping of metal using localized compressive forces.  The blows are delivered with a hammer (often a power hammer) or a die.  Forging is often classified according to the temperature at which it is performed: cold forging (a type of cold working), warm forging, or hot forging (a type of hot working). For the latter two, the metal is heated, usually in a forge. Forged parts can range in weight from less than a kilogram to hundreds of metric tons. Forging has been done by smiths for millennia; the traditional products were kitchenware, hardware, hand tools, edged weapons, cymbals, and jewellery.

Since the Industrial Revolution, forged parts are widely used in mechanisms and machines wherever a component requires high strength; such forgings usually require further processing (such as machining) to achieve a finished part. Today, forging is a major worldwide industry.
Under Therapy
Under Therapy (Spanish: Bajo terapia) is a 2023 Spanish comedy film directed by Gerardo Herrero based on the stage play by Matías del Federico. It stars Malena Alterio, Alexandra Jiménez, Fele Martínez, Antonio Pagudo, Eva Ugarte, and Juan Carlos Vellido.

Juan Carlos Vellido
Juan Carlos Vellido (born March 18, 1968) is a Spanish actor.

Vellido was born in Barcelona, Spain. His career is divided between cinema, theater and television. Among his most recent film appearances were as the protagonist of (No somos nadie) and has worked with directors like Guillermo del Toro (El espinazo del diablo), María Ripoll (Utopía) and Manuel Huerga (Salvador).

Vellido has also published two literary works: Escorzos and El hombre que vivía en una pecera both published by Ediciones Martínez Roca.

Vellido appeared in Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides, along with three other fellow Spanish actors Astrid Berges-Frisbey, Óscar Jaenada and Penélope Cruz.