hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jesús Carranza
Jesús Carranza Neira (June 16, 1813 – May 25, 1899) was a Mexican mule driver, rancher, and landowner. He was a veteran who fought in the Mexican–Apache Wars, on the side of Benito Juárez and the liberals during the Reform War, and for the republicans against the French intervention in Mexico. He supplied Mariano Escobedo with weapons and horses and provided Juárez himself an interest-free loan in 1866. He was named political chief of Monclova and was repaid with a large land grant in Coahuila after Juárez emerged victorious against the French. A patriarch with 15 children, his second son and eleventh child was Venustiano Carranza, who later became president of Mexico.

Apache–Mexico Wars
The Apache–Mexico Wars, or the Mexican Apache Wars, refer to the conflicts between Spanish or Mexican forces and the Apache peoples. The wars began in the 1600s with the arrival of Spanish colonists in present-day New Mexico.  War between the Mexicans and the Apache was especially intense from 1831 into the 1850s.  Thereafter, Mexican operations against the Apache coincided with the Apache Wars of the United States, such as during the Victorio Campaign. Mexico continued to operate against hostile Apache bands as late as 1915.
Waldorf High School
The Waldorf High School is an alternative state educational institution in Timișoara, Romania. It offers a complete continuum of pre-university education, encompassing kindergarten, primary school, middle school, and high school. It is managed by the Rudolf Steiner Foundation, founded in 1993 and a member of the Waldorf Federation in Romania.

Friends of Waldorf Education
The Friends of Waldorf Education (Freunde der Erziehungskunst Rudolf Steiners e. V.), referred to as the “Friends” below, is a charity association  founded in 1971 registered in Stuttgart, Germany. The association fosters initiatives all over the world for a free education and organisations that work on the basis of Waldorf education.

As umbrella organisation for the German government-sponsored Voluntary Services, the association places approximately 1000 volunteers per year both inside Germany and internationally.

The branch “Crisis or Emergency Education” of the Friends of Waldorf Education carries out international War and Catastrophe assistance for traumatised children and young people since 2006.
Singsaker Line
The Singsaker Line (Norwegian: Singsakerlinjen) was a branch of the Trondheim Tramway which ran from Øya and Elgeseter to the neighborhoods of Singsaker, parts of Tyholt and Rosenborg in Trondheim, Norway. The line branched off from the Elgeseter Line at the Student Society. It was double track until Tyholtveien, after which it ran through a loop through Rosenborg. It was served by Line 3, which continued through the city center to Trondheim Central Station.

The line opened in 1927 to Ankers gate and was the first of the network not to feature conductors. It was extended to Asbjørnsens gate in 1933. Until 1955 it used the old Class 2 trams, but after 1958 it received wide, more comfortable Class 4 trams. The Rosenborg Loop opened in 1958 along with the introduction of Class 7 trams. In this configuration it was 3.3 kilometers (2.1 mi) long. The line was closed in 1968 and replaced by buses.

Øya
Øya is a neighborhood in the city of Trondheim in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is situated the borough of Midtbyen in Trondheim Municipality, just east of Elgeseter. The neighborhood consists of a peninsula formed by the river Nidelva. The community is located close to the city center and is linked to the Midtbyen neighborhood by the Elgeseter Bridge and foot bridges at Øya stadion and Nidareid. The area is dominated by housing, but also features St. Olavs University Hospital as well as parts of the Norwegian University of Science and Technology and Sør-Trøndelag University College.
Kingsley Cavell
Kingsley Cavell is a retired Australian chemist who was professor of inorganic chemistry and head of the
School of Chemistry at Cardiff University.  His research interests include the design and synthesis of novel heterocyclic carbenes, and functionalised derivatives as ligands in transition metal complexes.

Inorganic chemistry
Inorganic chemistry deals with synthesis and behavior of inorganic and organometallic compounds. This field covers chemical compounds that are not carbon-based, which are the subjects of organic chemistry. The distinction between the two disciplines is far from absolute, as there is much overlap in the subdiscipline of organometallic chemistry. It has applications in every aspect of the chemical industry, including catalysis, materials science, pigments, surfactants, coatings, medications, fuels, and agriculture.
Hansjakob Keller
Hansjakob Keller (also Hans Jakob Keller, 18 September 1921 – 2007 or 2008) was a Swiss rower. He competed at the 1947 European Rowing Championships in Lucerne where he won a bronze medal in the single scull boat class. He went to the 1948 Summer Olympics and was eliminated in the round one repêchage in single scull. He won another European bronze medal in single scull in 1949. In later life, he was vice-president of the Swiss Rowing Federation. He died in circa 2008. Keller died in 2007 or 2008.

Rowing at the 1948 Summer Olympics – Men's single sculls
The men's single sculls competition at the 1948 Summer Olympics took place at Henley-on-Thames, London, United Kingdom. The event was held from 5 to 9 August. There were 14 competitors from 14 nations, with each nation limited to a single boat in the event. The event was won by Mervyn Wood of Australia, the nation's third victory in four Games (Bobby Pearce had won in 1928 and 1932). Eduardo Risso's silver was Uruguay's second medal in the event, after a bronze in 1932. Italy received its first men's single sculls medal with Romolo Catasta's bronze. The United States had its five-Games podium streak in the event ended, as John B. Kelly Jr. lost his semifinal by 0.4 seconds and did not advance to the final.
Tresidder
Tresidder is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Donald Tresidder (1894–1948), American academic administrator

Ernest Tresidder (1875–1951), Australian politician

John Tresidder Sheppard (1881–1968), English classicist

Donald Tresidder
Donald Bertrand Tresidder (April 7, 1894 – January 28, 1948) was the fourth president of Stanford University, serving from 1943 until his sudden death in 1948. He also had a longstanding association with Yosemite National Park.
Vita Germani
The Vita Germani is a hagiographic text written by Constantius of Lyon in the 5th century AD. It is one of the first hagiographic texts written in Western Europe, and is an important resource for historians studying the origins of saintly veneration and the "cult of saints." It recounts the life and acts of bishop Germanus of Auxerre, who travelled to Britain c. 429 AD, and is the principal source of details about his life. It is one of the few surviving texts from the 5th century with information about Britain and the Pelagian controversy, and is also one of the first texts to identify and promote the cult of Saint Alban.

Prosper of Aquitaine
Prosper of Aquitaine (Latin: Prosper Aquitanus; c. 390 – c. 455 AD), also called Prosper Tiro, was a Christian writer and disciple of Augustine of Hippo, and the first continuator of Jerome's Universal Chronicle. Particularly, Prosper is identified with the (later) axiom 'lex orandi, lex credendi, lex vivendi'—'the law [or those things] we pray is the law we believe is the law we live.
Inbornmedia
Inbornmedia is a Polish TV production company based in Warsaw launched in 2005, which produces more than 100 hours of TV content per year for local broadcasters such as Polsat, TVN, TVP, and international players such as Discovery Networks, BBC, Viasat World, etc. Amongst others, the company created 13 seasons of Złomowisko PL (Eng. Scrappers) – the most successful TV series in the history of Discovery Channel Polska. It has also created the first series for BBC, produced in Poland for the Polish audience, Spakowane Życie (Eng. Packed Up Life).

Polsat
Polsat is a Polish free-to-air television channel that was launched on 5 December 1992 by Zygmunt Solorz-Żak. As of 2019, it is the most watched television channel in Poland with a market share of 11.30%

Polsat belongs to Grupa Polsat Plus (WSE: CPS), which also owns other channels.

In the wake of communism's downfall, Polsat launched in 1993 the first independent television news service in Central and Eastern Europe, revolutionizing the media landscape.

On 27 February 2019, the longest-running graphic design (2006–2019) was changed to a new one, and the station's logo was changed again as part of a major overhaul in 2021; however, the sun concept of the logo has remained.

A high-definition simulcast feed of Polsat HD was available since 1 September 2009.
Tómasarbók
Tómasarbók (Reykjavík, Stofnun Árna Magnússonar, AM 510 4to) is a mid-sixteenth-century Icelandic manuscript, written between 1540 and 1560 by Ari Jónsson and his sons Jón and Tómas Arason.

It contains eight sagas, including one of the two main sources of Finnboga saga ramma and the youngest version of Jómsvíkinga saga, which may contain interpolations from an older, independent version of this saga. Eight of the eleven remaining stanzas of Tindr Hallkelsson's  Hákonardrápa are preserved in this version of Jómsvíkinga saga.

Hákonardrápa
Hákonardrápa ("drápa of Hákon") is the name of several skaldic poems.

Guthormr sindri's Hákonardrápa was composed in the 10th century in the honour of King Hákon the Good of Norway.

Other drápur, written later in the 10th century, praise the Norwegian jarl Hákon Sigurðarson. They were composed by Einarr skálaglamm, Hallfreðr vandræðaskáld, Tindr Hallkelsson and Þórleifr jarlsskáld Rauðfeldarson. Only one stanza and a few verses of Þórleifr's work on Hákon survived. The stanza (preserved in Snorri Sturluson's Óláfs saga Tryggvasonar) especially praises the jarl for having sent nine princes to Odin (i.e. killed).

The latest Hákonardrápur refer to the king of Norway Hákon Hákonarson (Hákon the Old). They were composed in the 13th century by Gizurr Þorvaldsson, Óláfr Þórðarson hvítaskáld and Óláfr Leggsson svartaskáld.
Kevin Tent
Kevin Tent is an American film editor and director. Tent has been elected to membership in the American Cinema Editors (ACE) and serves as President of the board. He is best known for his longstanding collaboration with Alexander Payne, having edited every feature film Payne has directed as of 2023. For his work on Payne's films, Tent has been nominated for two Academy Awards for Best Editing for his works in The Descendants and The Holdovers. Tent also won an ACE Eddie award for first film and received three other ACE Eddie Award nominations for Election, Sideways and About Schmidt. In addition to his career in editing, Tent also co-directed two films, Ultra Warrior (1990) and Blackbelt II (1993), and directed the 2017 film Crash Pad.

About Schmidt
About Schmidt is a 2002 American comedy drama film co-written and directed by Alexander Payne and starring Jack Nicholson in the title role. The film also stars Hope Davis, Dermot Mulroney, and Kathy Bates. It is loosely based on the 1996 novel of the same name by Louis Begley. After it was released in theaters by New Line Cinema on December 13, 2002, the film enjoyed both critical and commercial success, earning $105.8 million on a $30 million budget.
Scheduled monuments in Surrey
There are 199 scheduled monuments in the county of Surrey, England. These protected sites date in some cases from the Neolithic period, and include medieval moated sites, ruined abbeys, castles, and bowl barrows.
In the United Kingdom, the scheduling of monuments was first initiated to ensure the preservation of "nationally important" archaeological sites and historic buildings. Protection is given to scheduled monuments under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979.

Bowl barrow
A bowl barrow is a type of burial mound or tumulus. A barrow is a mound of earth used to cover a tomb. The bowl barrow gets its name from its resemblance to an upturned bowl. Related terms include cairn circle, cairn ring, howe, kerb cairn, tump and rotunda grave.
Christoph Thomas Scheffler
Christoph Thomas Scheffler (sometimes written Schäffler, December 20, 1699 –  January 25, 1756) was a German painter of the rococo period. He is best known for his frescoes.

Scheffler was born in Mainburg and learned the trade of a painter from his father Wolfgang Scheffler. Between 1719 and 1722, he worked as a journeyman for Cosmas Damian Asam. In 1722, he joined the Jesuit Order as a lay brother and painted several churches for the order. After he had left the order in 1728, he settled in Augsburg, where he died in 1756.

Among his works are the frescoes of the St. Cäcilia church in Heusenstamm, which was built by Balthasar Neumann for the Schönborn-Heusenstamm family, and those of the St. Paulinus' Church in Trier, funded by Elector Franz Georg von Schönborn. The frescoes in the chapel of the Deutschhaus in Mainz, painted by Scheffler, were destroyed during World War II.

Lay brother
Lay brother is an outdated term which referred to a male member of a religious order who has not been ordained as priests. The term was particularly used in the Catholic Church. Lay brothers were distinguished from choir monks or friars in that they did not pray in choir, and from clerics, in that they did not prepare for holy orders. This specific definition is no longer applied by the Catholic Church.

Lay brothers played a crucial role in maintaining the upkeep of facilities, performing community service work, and providing technical and administrative expertise to assist with the mission of their order, while clerics typically focus on preaching, liturgy, and leadership.

In religious institutes for women, the equivalent term was lay sister. Lay brothers were originally created to allow those who were skilled in particular crafts or did not have the required education to study for holy orders to participate in and contribute to the life of a religious order.
Rulx Léon
Rulx Léon (Les Cayes, December 2, 1890 – 1984) was a Haitian physician, historian, and journalist. Doctor Léon was "one of the most respected Haitian scholars." He was the author of a documentary on the history of Haiti entitled Propos d'Histoire d'Haïti (1945/1974).

Les Cayes
Les Cayes (/leɪ ˈkeɪ, leɪ ˈkaɪ/ lay K(A)Y, French: [le kaj]), often referred to as Aux Cayes (French: [o kaj]; Haitian Creole: Okay), is a commune and seaport in the Les Cayes Arrondissement, in the Sud department of Haiti, with a population of 151,696. Due to its isolation from the political turmoil of the capital, Port-au-Prince, it is one of Haiti's major ports, with export trade concentrating on mostly coffee and sugarcane. As the world's largest supplier of vetiver, it exports 250 tons annually of this ingredient of perfume and fragrance manufacturing. Minor exports include bananas and timber.
Harold Armstrong (politician)
Harold C. Armstrong (August 1904-November 1987) was an American politician. A member of the Republican Party, he was elected to the New York State Legislature in 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1940 and 1942.

157th New York State Legislature
The 157th New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 3 to August 18, 1934, during the second year of Herbert H. Lehman's governorship, in Albany.
Dunbeg
Dunbeg (Scottish Gaelic: An Dùn Beag), formerly known as Dunstaffnage (Scottish Gaelic: Dùn Stafhainis or Dùn Staidhinis), is a village about 2+1⁄2 miles (4 km) outside of Oban, Scotland. It has a population of just under 1,000.  It is home to the Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS), one of the primary marine science centres in the UK.  Also near Dunbeg is Dunstaffnage Castle, part of the Campbell Clan and is owned by the Captain of Dunstaffnage.

Scottish Association for Marine Science
The Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS) is the UK's oldest ocean research and education charity (established 1884) based near Oban, Argyll, on the European Marine Science Park. It is a founding partner of the University of the Highlands and Islands teaching a range of undergraduate and postgraduate degrees related to the marine environment. It is also an associate institute of the United Nations University.
Museum für Kommunikation Hamburg
The Museum für Kommunikation Hamburg (museum of communication) was a museum related to telecommunication and postal service in Hamburg, Germany. The museum in the building of Alte Oberpostdirektion at Stephansplatz square was owned by the Museumsstiftung Post und Telekommunikation (foundation for museums of postal service and telecommunication). It was closed to visitors on 19 October 2009 and was liquidated afterwards.

The collection placed emphasis on the difficulties of communication at sea, the museum participated in the Long Night of Museums.

Mail
The mail or post is a system for physically transporting postcards, letters, and parcels. A postal service can be private or public, though many governments place restrictions on private systems. Since the mid-19th century, national postal systems have generally been established as a government monopoly, with a fee on the article prepaid. Proof of payment is usually in the form of an adhesive postage stamp, but a postage meter is also used for bulk mailing.

Postal authorities often have functions aside from transporting letters. In some countries, a postal, telegraph and telephone (PTT) service oversees the postal system, in addition to telephone and telegraph systems. Some countries' postal systems allow for savings accounts and handle applications for passports.

The Universal Postal Union (UPU), established in 1874, includes 192 member countries and sets the rules for international mail exchanges as a Specialized Agency of the United Nations.
Benmore Dam
Benmore Dam is the largest dam within the Waitaki power scheme, located in the Canterbury Region of New Zealand's South Island.  There are eight other power stations in the Waitaki Power Scheme.

The dam is the largest earth-fill (zoned embankment dam) water-retaining structure in New Zealand. Its core is low permeability clay material, supported by two massive shoulders of river gravel. Lake Benmore has a volume of 1.25 billion cubic metres, about 1.5 times as much water as Wellington Harbour.  The dam's spillway can cope with over 6,000 cubic metres of water per second, about 20 times the mean river flow.

Twizel
Twizel (/ˈtwaɪzəl/) is the largest town in the Mackenzie District, in the Canterbury Region of the South Island of New Zealand. The town was founded in 1968 to house construction workers on the Upper Waitaki Hydroelectric Scheme. Today, Twizel is a service and tourist town for visitors to the area. It has a resident population of 1,790  (June 2025); during the summer, holidaymakers nearly triple the town's population.

Nearby Lake Ruataniwha supports rowing, sailing and water skiing. Twizel is 37 km (29 minutes drive) east of Lake Ōhau village, 30 km (20 minutes drive) north of Omarama and 60 km (42 minutes drive) south of Lake Tekapo.
Geoffrey O'Connor
Geoffrey David O'Connor is an Australian indie pop musician and producer based in Melbourne. He released his debut studio album Liquorice Night in 2007, under the alias of Sly Hats. O'Connor has since released the solo albums Vanity Is Forever (2011) Fan Fiction (2014) and For as Long as I Can Remember (2021) all through Chapter Music.

O'Connor is also a member of indie pop group The Crayon Fields, on lead guitar and lead vocals.

Chapter Music
Chapter Music is one of Australia's longest-running independent record labels. Chapter Music has worked with a broad range of mostly Australian artists, in genres such as rock and roll, indie pop, post punk, country and western and folk. Between 1992 and 2013, the label released around 45 titles, including several compilation albums, such as Can't Stop It! Australian Post-Punk 1978–82 and Songs For Nao. The label's 2014 roster features bands such as Dick Diver, Beaches and Twerps.
Delhi Art Gallery
DAG, previously known as Delhi Art Gallery, is an art gallery based out of New Delhi, Mumbai and New York. Started in 1993 in Hauz Khas by Rama Anand, DAG showcases modern Indian artists like Raja Ravi Verma, Jamini Roy, Amrita Sher-Gil, SH Raza among others.

Raja Ravi Varma
Raja Ravi Varma (Malayalam: [rajaː ravi varma(ː)ɐ]) (29 April 1848 – 2 October 1906) was an Indian painter. His works are one of the best examples of the fusion of European academic art with a purely Indian sensibility and iconography. He greatly enhanced his reach and influence as a painter and public figure by making affordable lithographs of his paintings available to the public. His lithographs increased the involvement of common people with fine arts and defined artistic tastes. Furthermore, his religious depictions of Hindu deities and works from Indian epic poetry and Puranas have received critical acclaim. He was part of the royal family of Parappanad, Malappuram district.

Raja Ravi Varma was closely related to the royal family of Travancore of present-day Kerala state in India. Later in his life, two of his granddaughters were adopted into the royal family.
WeoGeo
WeoGeo was acquired by Trimble Navigation in 2014 and became known as "Trimble Data Marketplace." It allowed users to discover, transform and download geospatial data.  WeoGeo launched at the 2007 Where 2.0 Conference in San Jose, CA. WeoGeo and Safe Software announced a partnership in 2008 to bring FME Server to the cloud on Amazon Web Services.

WeoGeo was co-founded by W. Paul Bissett and Dave Kohler.

O'Reilly Media
O'Reilly Media, Inc. (formerly O'Reilly & Associates) is an American learning company established by Tim O'Reilly that provides technical and professional skills development courses via an online learning platform. O'Reilly also publishes books about programming and other technical content. Its distinctive brand features a woodcut of an animal on many of its book covers. The company was known as a popular tech conference organizer for more than 20 years before closing the live conferences arm of its business.
Perleidus
Perleidus is an extinct genus of ray-finned fish from the Triassic period. Fossils have been found in the Middle Triassic of Italy, Switzerland, and China. The inclusion of Early Triassic species in the genus Perleidus was questioned.

Middle Triassic
In the geologic timescale, the Middle Triassic is the second of three epochs of the Triassic period or the middle of three series in which the Triassic system is divided in chronostratigraphy. The Middle Triassic spans the time between 246.7 Ma and 237 Ma (million years ago). It is preceded by the Early Triassic Epoch and followed by the Late Triassic Epoch. The Middle Triassic is divided into the Anisian and Ladinian ages or stages.

Formerly the middle series in the Triassic was also known as Muschelkalk. This name is now only used for a specific unit of rock strata with approximately Middle Triassic age, found in western Europe. The Ashfield Shale and Bringelly Shale of western Sydney date to this epoch, with the former featuring fluvial fossils from that era.