hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Geoffrey Madell
Geoffrey Madell (4 February 1934 – 8 March 2018) was a Scottish philosopher who specialized in philosophy of mind and the question of personal identity.

Madell was Senior Lecturer in Philosophy at the University of Edinburgh. He authored articles for Mind and the Philosophy journal. He defended Cartesian dualism in his book Mind and Materialism, published in 1988. He commented that "interactionist dualism looks to be by far the only plausible framework in which the facts of our experience can be fitted".

Philosophy (journal)
Philosophy is the scholarly journal of the Royal Institute of Philosophy. It is designed to be intelligible to the non-specialist reader and has been in continuous publication since 1926. The journal is triple-blind reviewed and published by Cambridge University Press, and is currently edited by Maria Alvarez and Bill Brewer.
The journal was established in 1926 "to build bridges between specialist philosophers and a wider educated public".
Each issue contains a "New Books" section and an editorial on a topic of philosophical or public interest.
Karim Matmour
Karim Matmour (Arabic: كريم مطمور; born 25 June 1985) is a former Algerian professional footballer who played as a winger.

During his career, Matmour played for SC Freiburg, Borussia Mönchengladbach, Eintracht Frankfurt, 1. FC Kaiserslautern, Al-Arabi, Huddersfield Town, 1860 Munich and Adelaide United.

An Algerian international from 2007, Matmour featured at the 2010 FIFA World Cup and 2010 Africa Cup of Nations. During his career, he won 30 international caps and scored twice.

2009 Algeria v Egypt football matches
There were disturbances before and after two international association football matches between Egypt and Algeria in November 2009, leading to diplomatic tensions between Egypt, Algeria, and Sudan. The matches were in Group C in the CAF section of the qualifying competition for the 2010 FIFA World Cup and the 2010 African Cup of Nations

The first match, the final scheduled match in Group C, took place in Cairo on 14 November, with Egypt winning 2–0. The result left Egypt and Algeria tied for first place in Group C, meaning they would both qualify for the African Cup of Nations held in Angola during January 2010, but necessitating a playoff match in a neutral country to decide who qualified for the 2010 World Cup hosted by South Africa. This took place in Omdurman, Sudan on 18 November, with Algeria winning 1–0 and thus qualifying for the World Cup.
Claudiopolis (Cappadocia)
Claudiopolis (Greek: Κλαυδιόπολις, city of Claudius) was an ancient city of Cappadocia mentioned by Pliny (v. 24).  From its name one can adduce that it was named for Roman emperor Claudius.

In 493, during the Isaurian War (492–497), the Roman general Diogenianus besieged Claudiopolis, but his army was blocked by the Isaurians. In his help came John Gibbo, who won an overwhelming victory against the Isaurians.

Isauria
Isauria (/aɪˈzɔːriə/ or /aɪˈsɔːriə/; Ancient Greek: Ἰσαυρία), in ancient geography, is a rugged, isolated district in the interior of Asia Minor, of very different extent at different periods, but generally covering what is now the district of Bozkır and its surroundings in the Konya Province of Turkey, or the core of the Taurus Mountains. In its coastal extension it bordered on Cilicia.

It derives its name from the warlike Isaurian tribe and the twin settlements Isaura Palaea (Ἰσαυρα Παλαιά, Latin: Isaura Vetus 'Old Isaura') and Isaura Nea (Ἰσαυρα Νέα, Latin: Isaura Nova 'New Isaura').

The Isaurians were fiercely independent mountain people who marauded and created havoc in neighboring districts under Macedonian and Roman occupations.
Phoenix Banat Storm
Phoenix Banat Storm are an American soccer team, founded in 2006, who played in the National Premier Soccer League (NPSL), the fourth tier of the American Soccer Pyramid, for just one season. The team is named after the eastern part of the Banat region in present-day Romania and Serbia.

The Storm played their home matches at Friendship Park in Avondale, Arizona, 18 miles west of downtown Phoenix. The team's colors were red and white.

The club currently plays at an amateur level in a local league as Banat Arsenal.

Banat
Banat (UK: /ˈbænɪt, ˈbɑːn-/ BAN-it, BAHN-, US: /bəˈnɑːt, bɑː-/ bə-NAHT, bah-; Romanian: Banat; Hungarian: Bánság; Serbian: Банат, romanized: Banat) is a geographical and historical region located in the Pannonian or Carpathian Basin that straddles Central and Eastern Europe. It is divided among three countries: the eastern part lies in western Romania (the counties of Timiș, Caraș-Severin, Arad south of the Mureș river, and the western part of Mehedinți); the western part of Banat is in northeastern Serbia (mostly included in Vojvodina, except for a small part included in the Belgrade Region); and a small northern part lies within southeastern Hungary (Csongrád-Csanád County).

The region's historical ethnic diversity was severely affected by the events of World War II. Today, Banat is mostly populated by ethnic Romanians, Serbs and Hungarians, but small populations of other ethnic groups also live in the region. Nearly all are citizens of either Serbia, Romania or Hungary.
Tommy Suharto
Hutomo Mandala Putra (born 15 July 1962), commonly known as Tommy Suharto, is an Indonesian businessman and politician. The youngest son of Suharto, the second President of Indonesia, he has long had a reputation of nepotism and corruption. Following the end of his father's regime, he gained notoriety for orchestrating the assassination of a judge who convicted him of corruption. He was convicted of murder in 2002 and sentenced to 15 years imprisonment, but was paroled in under four years.

Since 2020, he has been involved in a leadership dispute with Muchdi Purwopranjono over control of the Berkarya Party.

Nepotism
Nepotism is the act of granting an advantage, privilege, or position to relatives in an occupation or field. These fields can include business, politics, academia, entertainment, sports, religion or health care. In concept, it is similar to cronyism.

The term originated with the assignment of nephews, sons, or other relatives to important positions by Catholic popes and bishops. Nepotism has been criticized since ancient history by philosophers, including Aristotle, Valluvar, and Confucius, condemning it as both evil and unwise.
Mandisa (given name)
Mandisa is a feminine given name of South African origin, meaning "sweet". Notable people with the given name include:

Mandisa Hundley (1976–2024), known mononymously as Mandisa, American gospel singer

Mandisa Makesini (fl. 2014–present), South African politician

Mandisa Mashego (born 1973), South African politician and feminist

Mandisa Maya (born 1964), South African judge

Mandisa Mfeka (fl. 2008–present), South African pilot

Mandisa Monakali (fl. 1979–2024), South African public speaker, lobbyist, educator, social worker and community organizer

Mandisa Stevenson (born 1982), American basketball player

Mandisa Thomas (born 1976), American atheist activist

Mandisa Williams (born 1984), South African rugby union player

Mandisa Monakali
Mandisa Monakali (died 3 November 2024) was a South African public speaker, educator, social worker, researcher, lobbyist, advocate, project manager, strategic planner, workshop and community organizer. She was the founder and Executive Director of Ilitha Labantu.

Monakali's work addressed issues such as violence against women and children, human rights, equality, rural development, Millennium Development Goals, and Sustainable Development Goals.
Olifants/Doorn Water Management Area
Olifants/Doorn WMA, or Olifants/Doorn Water Management Area, Includes the following major rivers: the Olifants River, Doorn River, Krom River, Sand River, and Sout River, and covers the following dams:

Bulshoek Dam Olifants River

Clanwilliam Dam Olifants River

Karee Dam Karee River

Krom River
Krom River or Kromme River (Afrikaans: Krommerivier) is a river in the Eastern Cape Province in South Africa. The river flows into the Indian Ocean through an estuary on the north side of St Francis Bay, west of Port Elizabeth. The Krom river flows in an ESE direction and is approximately 109 km long with a catchment area of 1,085 km2.

The Churchill Dam and the Impofu Dam are dams on the Krom River. The latter is located near Humansdorp. Presently this river is part of the Fish to Tsitsikama Water Management Area.
Hung Chun-che
Hung Chun-che (Chinese: 洪濬哲; born 9 February 1951) is a Taiwanese basketball player, coach, and politician.

As a child, Hung was frequently in poor health and required frequent trips to the hospital. To improve his health, Hung committed to exercising and began playing basketball at age eleven. Because he was shorter than other players, Hung's play on junior high teams did not garner much attention. His hours of extra practice, both early in the morning and late into the night, made a difference by the age of seventeen, when he claimed a roster spot on the national team. Hung retired as a player in 1982 at the age of 30, and won his first election to the Taipei City Council as a Kuomintang candidate in 1985. He won a second term in 1989, vacating the office to sit in the Legislative Yuan from 1993 to 1996, where he represented the multi-member Taipei 1st district between 1993 and 1996. Hung later coached the Bank of Taiwan basketball team, succeeding Hung Chun-cheng in the role.

Taipei City Council
Taipei City Council (Chinese: 台北市議會; pinyin: Táiběishì Yìhuì) is the city council of Taipei, Taiwan. One of the largest local councils in Taiwan, the city council is currently composed of 61 councillors, all elected most recently in the 2022 Taiwanese local elections.
Graeme Cunningham (cricketer)
Graeme Timothy Cunningham (born 25 January 1975) is a retired Australian cricketer who played predominantly for Tasmania.

Cunningham was born at Goulburn, New South Wales in 1975. He was an effective middle order batsman. More a hard hitting slogger than a stylist, he began his cricketing career with promise, performing well in New South Wales colts and under-age sides. Unable to get into the New South Wales Blues, he tried for the Canberra Comets instead. He played for Canberra until they withdrew from the ING Cup, and then transferred to Tasmania.

Goulburn
Goulburn (/ɡoʊlbərn/ GOHL-bərn) is a regional city in the Southern Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia, approximately 195 kilometres (121 mi) south-west of Sydney and 90 kilometres (56 mi) north-east of Canberra. It was proclaimed as Australia's first inland city through letters patent by Queen Victoria in 1863. Goulburn had a population of 24,565 as of the 2021 census. Goulburn is the seat of Goulburn Mulwaree Council.

Goulburn is a railhead on the Main Southern line, and regional health & government services centre, supporting the surrounding pastoral industry as well as being a stopover for travellers on the Hume Highway. It has a central historic park and many historic and listed buildings. It is also home to the monument the Big Merino, a sculpture that is the world's largest concrete sheep.
MATCS-18
Marine Air Traffic Control Squadron 18 (MATCS-18) was a United States Marine Corps aviation command and control squadron responsible for providing continuous, all-weather air traffic control services for the 1st Marine Aircraft Wing throughout the Pacific region.  MATCS-18 was formed by consolidating four, regionally aligned Marine Air Traffic Control Units under one command to better integrate them with the Marine Air Command and Control System.  The squadron was headquartered at Marine Corps Air Station Futenma, Okinawa, Japan and fell under the command of Marine Air Control Group 18.  MATCS-18 was decommissioned in September 1994 and the air traffic control detachments were placed under the command of Marine Air Control Squadron 4.

Marine Air Control Group 18
Marine Air Control Group 18 (MACG-18) is a United States Marine Corps aviation command and control unit based at Marine Corps Air Station Futenma that is currently composed of 4 squadrons and 1 HQ support detachment. The Marine Air Control Group as a whole provides the 1st Marine Aircraft Wings tactical headquarters, positive and procedural control, air traffic control, short range air defense and air defense control to aircraft for the III Marine Expeditionary Force.
Show You the Way to Go
"Show You the Way to Go" is a song written by Gamble and Huff and recorded by the Jacksons for their 1976 CBS debut album, The Jacksons. Released as a single in early 1977, it was the only number-one song for the group in the UK. It was later covered by Dannii Minogue in 1992.

Marlon Jackson
Marlon David Jackson (born March 12, 1957) is an American singer and dancer best known as a member of the Jackson 5. He is the sixth child of the Jackson family. Marlon now runs Study Peace Foundation to promote peace and unity worldwide.
Portrait of the Duchess of Angoulême
Portrait of the Duchess of Angoulême is an 1816 portrait painting by the French artist Antoine-Jean Gros depicting Marie Thérèse of France. The only surviving child of the guillotined Louis XVI she returned to France following the defeat of Napoleon. She was married to her first cousin the Duke of Angoulême, with the couple prominent at court during the Restoration era. As the wife of the heir to the throne she was likely to become Queen consort of France but the Bourbon dynasty were overthrown in the July Revolution of 1830.

The painting was commissioned by her uncle (and father-in-law) the future Charles X for the Chamber of Deputies. It was exhibited at the Salon of 1817 at the Louvre. Today it is in the collection of the Palace of Versailles. A study for the painting is now in the Bowes Museum. Two years later Gros again portrayed the Duchess in the history painting The Embarkation of the Duchess of Angoulême at Pauillac.

Marie Thérèse of France
Marie-Thérèse (Marie-Thérèse Charlotte; 19 December 1778 – 19 October 1851) was the eldest child of King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette of France, and their only child to reach adulthood. In 1799, she married her cousin Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême, the eldest son of Charles X of France, henceforth becoming the Duchess of Angoulême. She was the only member of her immediate family to survive the French Revolution.

She became Dauphine of France upon the accession of her uncle and father-in-law, Charles X, to the French throne in 1824. On 2 August 1830, after the July Revolution, both Charles X and her husband signed an instrument of abdication 20 minutes apart. Some popular sources identify her to be a short-reigning Queen of France in the 20-minute interval between the signatures, but scholarly sources generally consider this to be a myth. She is, however, the undisputed legitimate Queen of France from 1836 to 1844 according to the Legitimists.
Indian Lodge
Indian Lodge (20 April 1996 – ca. 2006) was an Irish-bred, British-trained Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. He failed to win as a two-year-old in 1998 but made steady progress in the following year, taking two minor races in spring and ending the season with victories in the Joel Stakes and Darley Stakes. He reached his peak as a four-year-old in 2000 when he won the Earl of Sefton Stakes, Sandown Mile, Prix du Moulin and Prix de la Forêt. He had little success as a breeding stallion.

Joel Stakes
The Joel Stakes is a Group 2 flat horse race in Great Britain open to horses aged three years or older. It is run on the Rowley Mile at Newmarket over a distance of 1 mile (1,609 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in late September.
Shuanghuanglian
Shuanghuanglian (Chinese:  双黄连) is a Chinese patent medicine with a long history for treating respiratory tract infection in China. Some of its active ingredients are Wogonin, Baicalin and baicalein. It is derived from three Chinese herbal medicines, namely, Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica Thunb.), Baikal skullcap (Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi), and weeping forsythia (Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl). It has been used for the treatment of acute respiratory tract infections since 1973. Several forms are described in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.

The substance has been shown in vitro to be cytotoxic "against a clinical isolate of SARS-CoV-2".

Baicalein
Baicalein (5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone) is a flavone, a type of flavonoid, originally isolated from the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis and Scutellaria lateriflora. It is also a constituent of Oroxylum indicum (Indian trumpetflower) and thyme. It is the aglycone of baicalin.
Ștefan Iordache
Ștefan Iordache (Romanian pronunciation: [ʃteˈfan jorˈdake]; 3 February 1941 – 14 September 2008) was a Romanian actor.

Born in Calafat, Dolj County, he spent his childhood there before moving to the Rahova neighborhood of Bucharest. He failed being admitted into medical school, worked for a while as an accountant, and then enrolled in the I.L. Caragiale Institute of Theatre and Film Arts (IATC).

In 2000, Iordache was awarded the National Order of Faithful Service, Officer rank. In 2006, he was voted the best actor in Romania. He died of leukemia, aged 67, in Vienna, Austria, and was buried with military honors in Gruiu, Ilfov County.

Gruiu
Gruiu is a commune in the northeastern part of Ilfov County, Muntenia, Romania. Its name in the Romanian language means "small hill". It is composed of four villages: Gruiu, Lipia, Siliștea Snagovului and Șanțu-Florești.

The commune is situated on the border with Prahova County, on the right bank of the river Ialomița and on the north and east banks of Lake Snagov. It is traversed by the A3 motorway, joining the capital city, Bucharest, to Ploiești; there is no exit from the highway in Gruiu.
Minister of Public Works (Canada)
The Minister of Public Works was a position in the Cabinet of Canada who oversaw the public works portfolio of the federal government.

The office was established upon Confederation (1 July 1867) by Order-in-Council, and was given statutory basis later that year on December 21, through Statute 31 Victoria, c. 12. On 12 July 1996, as part of substantial governmental reorganization under the leadership of Jean Chrétien, the position was merged with that of the Minister of Supply and Services to create the office of Minister of Public Works and Government Services.

Cabinet of Canada
The Canadian Ministry (French: Conseil des ministres), colloquially referred to as the Cabinet of Canada (French: Cabinet du Canada), is a body of ministers of the Crown that, along with the Canadian monarch, and within the tenets of the Westminster system, forms the government of Canada. Chaired by the prime minister, the Cabinet is part of and acts on behalf of the King's Privy Council for Canada and the senior echelon of the Ministry, the membership of the Cabinet and Ministry often being co-terminal; as of March 2025 there were no members of the latter who were not also members of the former.

For practical reasons, the Cabinet is informally referred to either in relation to the prime minister in charge of it or the number of ministries since Confederation. The current Cabinet is the Cabinet of Mark Carney, which is part of the 30th Ministry. The interchangeable use of the terms cabinet and  ministry is a subtle inaccuracy that can cause confusion.
Polarized membrane
A polarized membrane is a lipid membrane that has a positive electrical charge on one side and a negative charge on another side, which produces the resting potential in living cells. Whether or not a membrane is polarized is determined by the distribution of dissociable protons and permeant ions inside and outside the membrane that travel passively through ion channel or actively via ion pump, creating an action potential.

Saturated and unsaturated compounds
A saturated compound is a chemical compound (or ion) that resists addition reactions, such as hydrogenation, oxidative addition, and the binding of a Lewis base. The term is used in many contexts and classes of chemical compounds.  Overall, saturated compounds are less reactive than unsaturated compounds. Saturation is derived from the Latin word saturare, meaning 'to fill'. An unsaturated compound is also a chemical compound (or ion) that attracts reduction reactions, such as dehydrogenation and oxidative reduction.
Center gauge
Center gauges and fishtail gauges are gauges used in lathe work for checking the angles when grinding the profiles of single-point screw-cutting tool bits and centers. In the image, the gauge on the left is called a fishtail gauge or center gauge, and the one on the right is another style of center gauge.

These gauges are most commonly used when hand-grinding threading tool bits on a bench grinder, although they may be used with tool and cutter grinders. When the tool bit has been ground to the correct angle, they are then used to set the tool perpendicular to the workpiece.

They can incorporate a range of sizes and types on the one gauge, the two most common being metric or UNC and UNF at 60°, and BSW at 55°.  Gauges also exist for the Acme thread form.

Screw thread
A screw thread is a helical structure used to convert between rotational and linear movement or force. A screw thread is a ridge wrapped around a cylinder or cone in the form of a helix, with the former being called a straight thread and the latter called a tapered thread. A screw thread is the essential feature of the screw as a simple machine and also as a threaded fastener.

The mechanical advantage of a screw thread depends on its lead, which is the linear distance the screw travels in one revolution. In most applications, the lead of a screw thread is chosen so that friction is sufficient to prevent linear motion being converted to rotary, that is so the screw does not slip even when linear force is applied, as long as no external rotational force is present. This characteristic is essential to the vast majority of its uses. The tightening of a fastener's screw thread is comparable to driving a wedge into a gap until it sticks fast through friction and slight elastic deformation.
Ndungane
Ndungane is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Akona Ndungane (born 1981), South African rugby union player

Odwa Ndungane (born 1981), South African rugby union player, twin of Akona

Njongonkulu Ndungane (born 1941), Archbishop of Cape Town

Sbabalwe Ndungane (born 2002), South Africa rowing athlete at UFHRC

Njongonkulu Ndungane
Christianity portal

Njongonkulu Winston Hugh Ndungane (born 2 April 1941) is a retired South African Anglican bishop and a former prisoner on Robben Island.  He was the Bishop of Kimberley and Kuruman and Archbishop of Cape Town.
Teacher-librarian
A teacher-librarian, also known as a school librarian or school library media specialist (SLMS), is a certified librarian who also has training in teaching.

According to the American Association of School Librarians (AASL), a division of the American Library Association (ALA), the official title for a certified librarian who works in a school in the United States is school librarian. In Australia, the term teacher-librarian is commonly used.

Teaching
Teaching is the practice implemented by a teacher aimed at transmitting skills (knowledge, know-how, and interpersonal skills) to a learner, a student, or any other audience of an educational institution. Teaching is closely related to learning, the student's activity of appropriating this knowledge.

Teaching is part of the broader concept of education.