hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ground loop (aviation)
In aviation, a ground loop is a rapid rotation of a fixed-wing aircraft in the horizontal plane (yawing) while on the ground. Aerodynamic forces may cause the advancing wing to rise, which may then cause the other wingtip to touch the ground. In severe cases (particularly if the ground surface is soft), the inside wing can dig in, causing the aircraft to swing violently or even cartwheel. In their early gliding experiments, the Wright Brothers referred to this action as well-digging.

Fixed-wing aircraft
A fixed-wing aircraft is a heavier-than-air aircraft, such as an airplane, which is capable of flight using aerodynamic lift. Fixed-wing aircraft are distinct from rotary-wing aircraft (in which a rotor mounted on a spinning shaft generates lift), and ornithopters (in which the wings oscillate to generate lift). The wings of a fixed-wing aircraft are not necessarily rigid; kites, hang gliders, variable-sweep wing aircraft, and airplanes that use wing morphing are all classified as fixed wing.

Gliding fixed-wing aircraft, including free-flying gliders and tethered kites, can use moving air to gain altitude. Powered fixed-wing aircraft (airplanes) that gain forward thrust from an engine include powered paragliders, powered hang gliders and ground effect vehicles. Most fixed-wing aircraft are operated by a pilot, but some are unmanned or controlled remotely or are completely autonomous (no remote pilot).
Jeff Clune
Jeff Clune is an American computer scientist and researcher who is known for his contributions in artificial intelligence and deep learning. He currently works as a Professor of Computer Science at the University of British Columbia in Canada and as Canada CIFAR AI Chair at the Vector Institute. He also works as a researcher in the Google Deepmind. He previously worked at OpenAI and Uber.

Hod Lipson
Hod Lipson (born 1967) is an American-Israeli robotics engineer. He is the director of Columbia University's Creative Machines Lab. Lipson's work focuses on evolutionary robotics, digital manufacturing, artificial life, and creating machines that can demonstrate some aspects of human creativity and Self Awareness. His publications have been cited more than 56,000 times, and he has an h-index of 94, as of 17 October 2025. Lipson is interviewed in the 2018 documentary on artificial intelligence Do You Trust This Computer?
Shintaido
Shintaido (新体道, a Japanese word translated as ‘New Body Way’) is a system of movement which aims to use the body as a means of expression and communication. Incorporating both physical and artistic elements, it was created in Japan in the 1960s. Its roots lay in the traditional Japanese martial arts, Chinese medicine and Buddhist meditation techniques, while its creator Hiroyuki Aoki was also influenced by modern Western art and Christianity.

As well as being a practical martial art Shintaido aims to be a form of artistic expression, a healthy exercise, and a path of self-discovery and transformation.

Shintaido is practised with bare hands, but the curriculum also includes bojutsu (棒術), involving the use of the long staff (or bō, 棒), and kenjutsu (剣術), using a wooden sword (or bokuto, 木刀).

Japanese martial arts
Japanese martial arts refers to the variety of martial arts native to the country of Japan. At least three Japanese terms (budō, bujutsu, and bugei) are used interchangeably with the English phrase Japanese martial arts.

The usage of the term budō (武道) to mean martial arts is a modern one: historically the term meant a way of life encompassing physical, spiritual and moral dimensions with a focus on self-improvement, fulfillment or personal growth. The terms bujutsu (武術) and bugei (武芸) have different meanings from budō, at least historically speaking. Bujutsu refers specifically to the practical application of martial tactics and techniques in actual combat. Bugei refers to the adaptation or refinement of those tactics and techniques to facilitate systematic instruction and dissemination within a formal learning environment.
Akbar Nikzad
Akbar Nikzad (Persian: اکبر نیکزاد, born 1969 in Ardabil) is an Iranian politician, and the Governor of Ardabil Province and Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province from 2011 to 2013 in the Government of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. He was former mayor of Hometown Ardabil. Ali Nikzad his brother was former minister of Ahmadinejad Government. He was also the head of Housing Foundation of Islamic Revolution from 2021 to 2023.

Ardabil
Ardabil (Persian: اردبیل, pronunciationⓘ) is a city in northwestern Iran. It is in the Central District of Ardabil County, Ardabil province, Iran, serving as capital of the province, the county, and the district.

The city of Ardabil lies close to the borders of the Republic of Azerbaijan, 40 kilometers from the village of Diqo.

As of the 2022 census, Ardabil's population was 588,000. The population of Ardabil County is about 650,000 with the majority Shia Muslim.

For a brief period in the 10th century, Ardabil was the principal city of Azerbaijan, but it was eventually replaced by Tabriz.

Ardabil is known for its trade in silk and carpets. Ardabil rugs are renowned and the ancient Ardabil carpets are considered among the best of classical Persian carpets. Ardabil is also home to a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Sheikh Safi al-Din Khanegah and Shrine Ensemble, the sanctuary and tomb of Shaikh Safi ad-Din, and the tomb of Ismail I, founder of the Safavid Empire.
Little Wonder (Augie March song)
"Little Wonder" is a song by Australian rock band Augie March. The song was released as the second and final single from their second studio album Strange Bird. The peaked at number 75 on the ARIA Charts.

The song's clip, directed by Ben Saunders and produced by Nice Trees, was based on the strange but true story of a man who encased himself and swam in a fish suit in Toolondo Lake in western Victoria, Australia, where he lived in solitude. The story came from the May 1996 issue of the Fortean Times. The clip won Best Video from a Major Record Company at the St. Kilda Film Festival.

Fortean Times
Fortean Times is a British monthly magazine devoted to the anomalous phenomena popularised by Charles Fort. Previously published by John Brown Publishing (from 1991 to 2001), I Feel Good Publishing (from 2001 to 2005), Dennis Publishing (from 2005 to 2021), and Exponent (2021), as of December 2021 it is published by Diamond Publishing, part of Metropolis International.

In December 2018, its print circulation was just over 14,800 copies per month. The magazine's tagline is "The World of Strange Phenomena".
Stefan Kramer (impressionist)
Stefan Kramer Solé (born 19 February 1982) is a Chilean impressionist, actor, comedian and announcer. He is known in Chile for his ability to mimic accents, gestures and expressions of dozens of famous people in Chile, such as TV hosts, singers, politicians, sports players, sportscasters, and celebrities.

Athlete
An athlete is most commonly a person who competes in one or more sports involving physical strength, speed, power, or endurance. Sometimes the word "athlete" is used to refer specifically to sport of athletics competitors, i.e. including track and field and marathon runners but excluding e.g. swimmers, footballers or basketball players. However, in other contexts (mainly in the United States) it is used to refer to all athletics (physical culture) participants of any sport. For the latter definition, the word sportsperson or the gendered sportsman or sportswoman are also used. A third definition is also sometimes used, meaning anyone who is physically fit regardless of whether they compete in a sport.

Athletes may be professionals or amateurs. Most professional athletes have particularly well-developed physiques obtained by extensive physical training and strict exercise, accompanied by a strict dietary regimen.
Osmangazi
Osmangazi is a municipality and district of Bursa Province, Turkey. Its area is 621 km2, and its population is 891,250 (2022). It is one of the central metropolitan districts of the city of Bursa, as well as the fourth largest overall municipality in Turkey. On its own, it would be the 28th largest city in Turkey.

The district has been shaped by several civilizations: Rome, Byzantines, Seljuqians, and Ottomans. The first marks of the Ottoman Empire exist within Osmangazi where it extended from the foot of Uludağ to the plain of Bursa. Within the boundaries of Osmangazi, approximately 1800 registered historical buildings exist.

Bursa Province
Bursa Province (Turkish: Bursa ili) is a province and metropolitan municipality in Turkey along the Sea of Marmara coast in northwestern Anatolia. It borders Balıkesir to the west, Kütahya to the south, Bilecik and Sakarya to the east, Kocaeli to the northeast and Yalova to the north. Its area is 10,813 km2, and its population is 3,194,720 (2022). Its traffic code is 16.

Almost all of Bursa Province (including the city of Bursa) is in the Marmara region, but the districts of Büyükorhan, Harmancık, Keles and Orhaneli are in the Aegean Region.

The city of Bursa was the capital of the Ottoman State between 1326 and 1365, until the Ottoman conquest of Edirne, then known as Adrianople. Adrianople was the capital until 1453, when Constantinople became the final Ottoman capital.
Niranjan Kaushik
Niranjan Kaushik is an Indian born film director, show-runner, content creator / curator, screenwriter and an advertising professional. His works include 9 Hours (Disney+Hotstar), Candy (Voot), Karenjit Kaur (Zee5)  and advertising for brands like Lee Cooper, L'Oreal Paris, Mercedes, Volkswagen, HSBC, Asian Paints, Cadbury, Hitachi and Airtel. Besides advertising, he's written extensively for Gentleman. In the past, he has also written for the Bollywood film magazine Star & Style,.

He grew up in Mumbai, went to school, and later to college in the same city, and is a graduate in chemistry from the University of Bombay. He speaks English, Hindi, Marathi and Tamil fluently and is reasonably conversant with Spanish, Telugu and Gujarati.

Asian Paints
Asian Paints Ltd is an Indian multinational paint company, headquartered in Mumbai. The company is engaged in the business of manufacturing, selling and distribution of paints, coatings, products related to home décor, bath fittings and providing related services.

Asian Paints is India's largest paints company by market share. The company has 27 paint manufacturing facilities in 15 countries, servicing consumers in over 60 countries. Asian Paints is also present in the home improvement and décor space in India.
KRI Leuser
KRI Leuser (924) is an Indonesian naval vessel of the Soputan-class ocean-going tugs. Leuser's name is derived from Mount Leuser with its Leuser Ecosystem, the highest mountain in Aceh province. The ship is a seagoing tugs, the second vessel of the Soputan class designed by South Korean company, Daesun Shipbuilding and built under license by PT. Dok dan Perkapalan Kodja Bahari (DKB) in Jakarta, Indonesia. The ship was launched on 22 August 2002.

Leuser Range
Leuser Range or Mount Leuser (Acehnese: Gunong Leuser, Indonesian: Gunung Leuser) is a stratovolcano located in the Aceh province on the island of Sumatra, Indonesia. It is part of the Leuser Ecosystem, which is one of the most biodiverse regions in the world and a key conservation area for endangered species.
Laptev Log
Laptev Log (Russian: Лаптев Лог) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Laptevsky Selsoviet, Uglovsky District, Altai Krai, Russia. The population was 756 as of 2013. It was founded in 1888. There are 6 streets.

Uglovsky District, Altai Krai
Uglovsky District (Russian: Угло́вский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is 4,844 square kilometers (1,870 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Uglovskoye. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 13,888, with the population of Uglovskoye accounting for 31.5% of that number.
1985 William Jones Cup
The 1985 William Jones Memorial Cup is the ninth edition of the William Jones Cup.

Fourteen teams participated in the preliminary round composing of four groups with the top two from each group advancing. The team from the Philippines defeated the United States in the final at overtime.

South Korea men's national basketball team
The South Korea men's national basketball team (Korean: 대한민국 농구 국가대표팀; recognized as Korea by FIBA) represents South Korea in international basketball competitions. They are administered by the Korea Basketball Association.

Based on the number of overall medals won, South Korea is a major force among the national teams of FIBA Asia. 
At the FIBA Asia Cup, they have won a record 25 medals in the competition. Furthermore, South Korea is the only nation that has qualified for every edition of the event since it was first held in 1960. While on the global level, South Korea has qualified for the FIBA World Cup eight times throughout their history.
Martín Conde
Martín Alejo Conde (born 25 August 1971, in Mar del Plata) is an Argentine beach volleyball player who won the world title at the 2001 Beach Volleyball World Championships in Klagenfurt, Austria, partnering with Mariano Baracetti. He represented his native country at four consecutive Summer Olympics, starting in 1996 (Atlanta, Georgia).

Klagenfurt
Klagenfurt am Wörthersee (/ˈklɑːɡənfʊərt/; German: [ˌklaːɡn̩fʊʁt ʔam ˈvœʁtɐzeː] ⓘ; Slovene: Celovec; Austro-Bavarian: Klognfuat; Carinthian Slovene: Clouvc), usually known as simply Klagenfurt (English: /ˈklɑːɡənfʊərt/ KLAH-gən-foort), is the capital and largest city of the Austrian state of Carinthia, as well as of the historical region of Carinthia (including Slovenian Carinthia).

With a population of 105,759 (1 January 2026), it is the sixth-largest city in Austria after Vienna, Graz, Linz, Salzburg, and Innsbruck. The city is the bishop's seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Gurk-Klagenfurt and home to the University of Klagenfurt, the Carinthian University of Applied Sciences and the Gustav Mahler Private University for Music. Klagenfurt is considered the cultural centre of the Carinthian Slovenes (Slovene: koroški Slovenci; German: Kärntner Slowenen), one of Austria's indigenous minorities.
La Jourdanie (power station)
La Jourdanie is a barrage and hydroelectric power station on the River Tarn in Broquiès in Aveyron, southern France.

The barrage was built in 1932, and the station has two Kaplan turbines and two helical turbines generating 18 megawatts (24,000 hp). The dam is 145 metres (476 ft) long and 17 metres (56 ft) high.

Tarn (river)
The Tarn (French pronunciation: [taʁn] ⓘ; Occitan: Tarn, Latin: Tarnis, possibly meaning 'rapid' or 'walled in') is a 380.2-kilometre (236.2 mi) long river in the administrative region of Occitania in southern France. It is a right tributary of the Garonne.

The Tarn runs in a roughly westerly direction, from its source at an elevation of 1,550 m (5,090 ft) on Mont Lozère in the Cévennes mountains (part of the Massif Central), through the deep gorges and canyons of the Gorges du Tarn that cuts through the Causse du Larzac, to Moissac in Tarn-et-Garonne, where it joins the Garonne, 4 km (2.5 mi) downstream from the centre of town.

Its basin covers approximately 12,000 square kilometres (4,600 sq mi), and it has a mean flow of approximately 140 cubic metres per second (4,900 cu ft/s).

The Millau Viaduct spans the valley of the Tarn near Millau, and is now one of the area's most popular attractions.
Deim Mansour
Deim Mansour (Arabic: ديم منصور) is a town in the Blue Nile State, Sudan. Since 2011 and during the Sudan War, it has been the site of violent clashes between the Sudan People's Liberation Movement–North (SPLM/N) - Al Hilu and the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF). This conflict has led to a significant displacement of people, with about 5,000 reportedly fleeing to Ethiopia following the clashes in the Kurmuk locality, which includes Deim Mansour.

Abdelaziz al-Hilu
Abdelaziz Adam al-Hilu (born 7 July 1954) is a Sudanese politician who has been serving as the vice chairman of the Government of Peace and Unity since 2025. He is also the leader of the Sudan People's Liberation Movement-North (al-Hilu)
Santa Lucía de la Sierra, Zacatecas
Santa Lucía de la Sierra, nicknamed Santa Lucía or La Sierra, is a community south of the Valparaíso Municipality, Zacatecas, located near the border between the Mexican States of Jalisco and Zacatecas.

It is located 81 km from Huejuquilla El Alto, Jalisco and 123 km from Valparaíso, it had a population of 891 inhabitants during the 2020 Mexico Census.

Huejuquilla El Alto
Huejuquilla El Alto   is a town and municipality in Jalisco in central-western Mexico, being the northernmost municipality in Jalisco. The municipality covers an area of 769.5 km2.

As of 2005, the municipality had a total population of 7,926.
Lee Coetzee
Lee Coetzee (born 28 February 1984) is a South African cricketer. He is a right-handed batsman and a right-arm medium-pace bowler who plays for Easterns.

Having made his List A debut for the team in February 2008, in the SAA Provincial One-Day Challenge, Coetzee made his first-class debut in October 2008.

Easterns cricket team
The Easterns cricket team is a South African first-class cricket team. It plays in the top-level domestic competitions organised by Cricket South Africa. The team was formerly named the Eastern Transvaal cricket team.
Kjernfjelltunnelen
Kjernfjelltunnelen (English: Kjernfjell Tunnel; Lule Sami: Girnotunælla) is a road tunnel on Norwegian National Road 77 (Rv 77) between the village of Storjord in Saltdal Municipality in Nordland county and the national border with Sweden. The tunnel runs through the mountain Kjernfjellet in the Junkerdalen valley. The tunnel has a length of 3,248 metres (2.018 mi).

The construction work began in September 2016, and the tunnel opened to traffic on 17 October 2019.

The tunnel replaced an exposed stretch of road and a bottleneck along Rv77 connecting Saltdal Municipality (in Norway) and Arjeplog Municipality (in Sweden). The old section passed through a gorge in the lower part of the Junkerdalen valley. The road was narrow, steep, and winding, and large vehicles often got stuck. Detour roads are E12 (Umbukta) and E10 (Bjørnfjell).

Arjeplog Municipality
Arjeplog Municipality (Swedish: Arjeplogs kommun, Northern Sami: Arjepluovvi gielda; Pite Sami: Árjepluove komuvdna) is a municipality in Norrbotten County in northern Sweden. Its seat is located in Arjeplog.

The area, which now is Arjeplog Municipality,  used to be a single parish (Swedish: socken), which was made into a municipality when the first Swedish local government acts were implemented in 1863. It has not been amalgamated with any other entity. In terms of geographical area, Arjeplog is one of Sweden's largest, but it is also the country's least densely populated municipality. The vast majority of the populace live in Arjeplog, which is one of Sweden's smallest municipal seats.
Frank Lee (rugby league)
Frank Lee (4 October 1880 – 1949) was an English professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1900s and 1910s. He played at representative level for England and Lancashire, and at club level for St. Helens and York, as a fullback or forward.

York Wasps
The York Wasps (known simply as York from 1868 to 1989, Ryedale-York from 1989 to 1996 and York Wasps from 1996 to 2002) was an English professional rugby league club based in York. At the start of the 2002 season, the club was dissolved. A new club, York City Knights was established to take the Wasps' place for the 2003 season.
Critical pride
Critical pride (Spanish: Orgullo crítico) is the name of several annual protest demonstrations of LGBTQ people held in Madrid and several other Spanish cities. The organizers of critical pride demonstrations present them as an alternative to the original pride parades and festivals, which they consider depoliticized and institutionalized.

The movement calls for the non-commodification and repolitization of gay pride, and criticizes pink capitalism, gentrification, homonormativity, pinkwashing and homonationalism.

Gay Shame
Gay Shame is a movement from within the queer communities described as a radical alternative to gay mainstreaming. The movement directly posits an alternative view of gay pride events and activities which have become increasingly commercialized with corporate sponsors as well as the adoption of more sanitized, mainstream agendas to avoid offending supporters and sponsors. The Gay Shame movement has grown to embrace radical expression, counter-cultural ideologies, and avant-garde arts and artists.
Montanari (surname)
Montanari is an Italian surname meaning mountaineer or highlander. Its highest concentration occurs in the region of Emilia Romagna. Notable people with the surname include:

Antonio Montanari, Italian violinist and composer

Christian Montanari, Sammarinese racing car driver

Geminiano Montanari, Italian astronomer

Giuseppe Montanari, Italian painter

Giuseppe Montanari, Italian comic artist

Marcello Montanari, Italian football player

Massimo Montanari, Italian history

Richard Montanari, American crime writer

Roberto Montanari, Italian painter

Silvia Montanari, Argentine actress

Wolfango Montanari, Italian sprinter

Massimo Montanari
Massimo Montanari (born 24 December 1949 in Imola, Italy) is a professor of medieval history at Bologna University. He is a scholar in food studies. His interest in the subject stems from his researches and studies in medieval agrarian history. He has been invited as visiting professor to a number of leading universities in Europe, Japan, the United States, Mexico, and Canada.

Montanari has been one of the founders and editor of the international review Food & History, published by the Institut Européen d’Histoire et des Cultures de l’Alimentation; he is member of a number of scientific societies and plays an important role in disseminating topics of his interest to the general public.
Earl L. Brewer
Earl Leroy Brewer (August 11, 1869 – March 10, 1942) was the Governor of Mississippi from 1912 to 1916. Elected as a Democrat, he was unopposed in the primary and won the governorship without ever making a single public campaign speech.

Governor of Mississippi
The governor of Mississippi is the head of government of Mississippi and the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces. The governor has a duty to enforce state laws, and the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the Mississippi Legislature, to convene the legislature at any time, and, except in cases of treason or impeachment, to grant pardons and reprieves.
60 Echo
60 Echo is a quite large main-belt asteroid. It was discovered by James Ferguson of the United States Naval Observatory in Washington D.C., on September 14, 1860. It was his third and final asteroid discovery. It is named after Echo, a nymph in Greek mythology.  James Ferguson had initially named it "Titania", not realizing that name was already used for a satellite of Uranus.

This object is orbiting the Sun with a period of 3.70 years, a semimajor axis of 2.394 AU, and an eccentricity of 0.18. Its orbital plane is at an inclination of 3.6° to the plane of the ecliptic. This is a stony S-type asteroid with a cross-sectional size of 60.2 km that is spinning with a rotation period of 25.2 hr. Echo has been studied by radar. It is not known to be a member of any asteroid family.

Echo (mythology)
In Greek mythology, Echo (/ˈɛkoʊ/; Greek: Ἠχώ, Ēkhō, "echo", from ἦχος (ēchos), "sound") was an Oread who resided on Mount Cithaeron. Zeus loved consorting with beautiful nymphs and often visited them on Earth. Eventually, Zeus's wife, Hera, became suspicious, and came from Mount Olympus in an attempt to catch Zeus with the nymphs. Echo, by trying to protect Zeus (as he had ordered her to do), endured Hera's wrath, and Hera made her only able to speak the last words spoken to her. When Echo met Narcissus and fell in love with him, she was unable to tell him how she felt and was forced to watch him as he fell in love with himself.