hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
General equation of heat transfer
In fluid dynamics, the general equation of heat transfer is a nonlinear partial differential equation describing specific entropy production in a Newtonian fluid subject to thermal conduction and viscous forces:

where  is the specific entropy,  is the fluid's density,  is the fluid's temperature,  is the material derivative,  is the thermal conductivity,  is the dynamic viscosity,  is the second Lamé parameter,  is the flow velocity,  is the del operator used to characterize the gradient and divergence, and  is the Kronecker delta.

If the flow velocity is negligible, the general equation of heat transfer reduces to the standard heat equation. It may also be extended to rotating, stratified flows, such as those encountered in geophysical fluid dynamics.

Specific quantity
In the natural sciences, including physiology and engineering, the qualifier specific or massic typically indicates an intensive quantity obtained by dividing an extensive quantity of interest by mass. 
For example, specific leaf area is leaf area divided by leaf mass.
Derived SI units involve reciprocal kilogram (kg−1), e.g., square metre per kilogram (m2⋅kg−1); the expression "per unit mass" is also often used.

In some fields, like acoustics, "specific" can mean division by a quantity other than mass.

Named and unnamed specific quantities are given for the terms below.
Bob Davies (businessman)
Robert J. Davies was the chief executive of Arriva PLC from 1998 to 2006.

Davies attended King Edward VII School in Sheffield, going on to graduate with a degree in law from the University of Edinburgh. He is a Fellow of the Chartered Institute of Management Accountants and holds an honorary doctorate (LLD) from the University of Sunderland.

In 1998, he was named chief executive of Arriva, a position he held until 2006. In July 2012, he was appointed Chairman of Home Group.

Chartered Institute of Management Accountants
The Chartered Institute of Management Accountants (CIMA) is a global professional management accounting body, based in the United Kingdom. CIMA offers training and qualification in management accounting and related subjects. It is focused on accountants working in industry and provides ongoing support and training for members.

CIMA is one of the professional associations for accountants in the UK and Ireland. Its particular emphasis is on developing the management accounting profession. CIMA is the largest and the oldest management accounting body in the world, with over 229,000 members and students worldwide.

The Chartered Global Management Accountant (CGMA) qualification has the academic standing of a master's degree in the UK (recognised at Level 7 by NARIC).
Hair of the Dog (album)
Hair of the Dog is the sixth studio album by the Scottish hard rock band Nazareth, released in April 1975. The album was recorded at Escape Studios, Kent, with additional recording and mixing at AIR Studios, London. It is the group's best-known and highest-selling release, with over two million copies sold worldwide.

After three albums with Deep Purple's Roger Glover producing, Manny Charlton stepped into that position, one he filled for several subsequent albums.

Dan McCafferty
William Daniel McCafferty (14 October 1946 – 8 November 2022) was a Scottish vocalist and songwriter best known as the lead singer for the Scottish hard rock band Nazareth from its founding in 1968 to his retirement from touring with the band in 2013.
The Battle of Hastings (play)
The Battle of Hastings is a 1778 play by the English writer Richard Cumberland. It is a tragedy set around the Battle of Hastings in 1066. It was staged at the Drury Lane Theatre in October 1778 by Richard Brinsley Sheridan. Sheridan later mocked Cumberland's sensitivity to criticism by modelling the character Sir Fretful Plagiary, in his 1779 play The Critic, after him.

The original Drury Lane cast included Robert Bensley as Harold Godwinson, John Henderson as Edgar Atheling, John Palmer as Earl Edwin, William Brereton as Prince Waltheof, James Aickin as Earl of Northumberland, Richard Hurst as Raymond, Elizabeth Younge as Matilda and Mary Ann Yates as Edwina.

Edgar Ætheling
Edgar Ætheling or Edgar II (c. 1052 – 1125 or after) was the last male member of the royal house of Cerdic of Wessex. He was elected King of England by the Witan in 1066 but never crowned. After exile and war against the Normans, Edgar migrated to Norman Apulia (modern-day Italy) and possibly partook in the First Crusade (or, at least, made pilgrimage to Jerusalem following its conquest). In later life, Edgar was entangled in Norman dynastic struggles before retiring to a quiet life in the countryside.
Mexico men's national softball team
The Mexico men's national softball team is the men's national softball team of Mexico. It is governed by Federación Mexicana de Softbol, A. C. a member of the International Softball Federation.

The 1988 World Championships were held in Saskatoon, Canada.  The team played 13 games in the round robin round.  Australia beat Mexico 4–3 in one game in this round.

The 1992 World Championships, the eighth time the event was competed for, was held in Manila.  Australia beat Mexico  10–0 in one game in the first round robin round. They finished with 5 wins and 3 losses. The team competed at the 1996 ISF Men's World Championship in Midland, Michigan where they finished with 9 wins and 3 losses. The team competed at the 2000 ISF Men's World Championship in East London, South Africa where they finished eleventh.  The team competed at the 2009 ISF Men's World Championship in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan where they finished fourteenth.

Midland, Michigan
Midland is a city in Midland County, Michigan, United States, and its county seat. The population was 42,547 at the 2020 census. It is the principal city of the Midland metropolitan statistical area, part of the larger Saginaw-Midland-Bay City combined statistical area. The city is bordered by Midland Township, though the two are administered separately.

Midland is located at the confluence of Chippewa and Tittabawassee rivers in Central Michigan. The city is home to the headquarters of Dow Chemical Company, one of the largest chemical producers in the world, which was founded by Herbert Henry Dow in the city in 1897. The city is also home to Midland Center for the Arts and Northwood University.
Solar azimuth angle
The solar azimuth angle is the azimuth (horizontal angle with respect to north) of the Sun's position. This horizontal coordinate defines the Sun's relative direction along the local horizon, whereas the solar zenith angle (or its complementary angle solar elevation) defines the Sun's apparent altitude.

Hour angle
In astronomy and celestial navigation, the hour angle is the dihedral angle between the meridian plane (containing Earth's axis and the zenith) and the hour circle (containing Earth's axis and a given point of interest).

It may be given in degrees, time, or rotations depending on the application.
The angle may be expressed as negative east of the meridian plane and positive west of the meridian plane, or as positive westward from 0° to 360°. The angle may be measured in degrees or in time, with 24h = 360° exactly.
In celestial navigation, the convention is to measure in degrees westward from the prime meridian (Greenwich hour angle, GHA), from the local meridian (local hour angle, LHA) or from the first point of Aries (sidereal hour angle, SHA).

The hour angle is paired with the declination to fully specify the location of a point on the celestial sphere in the equatorial coordinate system.
Xanthoparmelia terricola
Xanthoparmelia terricola is a species of terricolous (ground-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Found in Southern Africa, it was formally described as a new species in 1986 by the American lichenologist Mason Hale. The type specimen was collected at the top of the Brandwagsrot in Golden Gate Highlands National Park at an elevation of 1,900 m (6,200 ft), where it was found growing on pebbles and soil in areas of flat sandstone exposures. The thallus of X. terricola, which grows tightly to loosely on its substrate, is yellowish green but darkens towards the center and measures 6–15 cm (2.4–5.9 in). It contains several lichen acids: salazinic, consalazinic acid, usnic, and trace amounts of norstictic and protocetraric acids.

Lichen product
Lichen products, also known as lichen substances, are organic compounds produced by a lichen. Specifically, they are secondary metabolites. Lichen products are represented in several different chemical classes, including terpenoids, orcinol derivatives, chromones, xanthones, depsides, and depsidones. Over 1000 lichen products of known chemical structure have been reported in the scientific literature, and most of these compounds are exclusively found in lichens. Examples of lichen products include usnic acid (a dibenzofuran), atranorin (a depside), lichexanthone (a xanthone), salazinic acid (a depsidone), and isolichenan, an α-glucan. Many lichen products have biological activity, and research into these effects is ongoing.
Marek Růžička
Marek Růžička (born April 10, 1995) is a Czech professional ice hockey player. He is currently playing for Corsaires de Dunkerque of the FFHG Division 1 in France.

Růžička made his Czech Extraliga debut playing with HC Oceláři Třinec during the 2013-14 Czech Extraliga season. He also played for HC Litvínov.

Czech Extraliga
The Czech Extraliga (Czech: Extraliga ledního hokeje, ELH) is the highest-level ice hockey league in the Czech Republic. It was created in 1993 following the peaceful dissolution of Czechoslovakia midway through the 1992–93 Czechoslovak Extraliga season (which all Slovak and Czech teams played to completion). The league's season usually takes place between September and April and features 14 teams.

Teams from the ELH participate in the IIHF's annual European tournament in the CHL. During the 2022–23 CHL season, the ELH was ranked the No. 5 league in Europe, allowing them to send their top three teams to compete in the CHL.
Sarre Penn
51°20′17″N 1°13′50″E﻿ / ﻿51.3381°N 1.2306°E﻿ / 51.3381; 1.2306

Sarre Penn is a tributary of the River Stour in Kent, England, joining with the River Wantsum near Sarre, where it is known locally as the  Fishbourne Stream.

The stream runs from its source in the parish of Dunkirk, north of Canterbury,  13.4 kilometres, to the Wantsum Channel and the Stour, it travels north east, running parallel to the Great Stour river, with the Roman road (A28) running in between. The stream passes through the Blean Woods National Nature Reserve and the villages of Blean and Tyler Hill.

Dunkirk, Kent
Dunkirk is a village and civil parish between Faversham and Canterbury in southeast England.
It lies on the Canterbury Road between Boughton under Blean and Harbledown. This was the main Roman road from the Kentish ports to London, also known as Watling Street.
MATOPIBA
MATOPIBA is an clipped compound word that designates the region that extends across the territories of four Brazilian states: Maranhão, Tocantins, Piauí, and Bahia.

The region is made up of 31 micro-regions, covering roughly 73 million hectares. It includes 337 municipalities, with 324,326 agricultural establishments, 42 conservation units, 28 indigenous territories, 865 agrarian reform settlements, and 34 quilombola areas.

Piauí
Piauí (/pjaʊˈiː/, pyow-EE; pronounced [pi.aˈwi] or [pjaˈwi] ⓘ) is one of the states of Brazil, located in the country's Northeast Region. The state has 1.6% of the Brazilian population and produces 0.7% of the Brazilian GDP.

Piauí has the shortest coastline of any coastal Brazilian state at 66 km (41 mi), and the capital, Teresina, is the only state capital in the northeast to be located inland. The reason for this is, unlike the rest of the area, Piauí was first colonised inland and slowly expanded towards the ocean, rather than the other way around. In the southeast of the state, the National Park of Serra da Capivara is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The park has more than 400 archaeological sites and the largest concentration of rock paintings in the world, in a landscape dominated by canyons and caatinga.
A Will
A Will is the eighth studio album by Japanese rock band Luna Sea, released on December 11, 2013. It is their first album of new material in over thirteen years, as they reunited in 2010 after disbanding in 2000. The album reached number 3 on both the Oricon Albums Chart and Billboard Japan.

Shinya (musician)
Shinya Yamada (Japanese: 山田 真矢, Hepburn: Yamada Shin'ya; January 13, 1970 – February 17, 2026), better known by his mononymous stage name Shinya (真矢), was a Japanese musician, media personality and businessman. He is best known as the drummer of the rock band Luna Sea from 1989 to their disbandment in 2000, and again from their 2010 reunion until his death from cancer in 2026. He released the solo album No Sticks in 1997, and supported live or session work of other recording acts such as Maki Ohguro, Nanase Aikawa, Kyosuke Himuro, Sugizo, Creature Creature, Gackt's Yellow Fried Chickenz, and D's Asagi. Luna Sea are regarded as one of the most influential bands in the visual kei scene. In addition to his former pupil Jun-ji (Siam Shade), musicians such as Pierre Nakano (Ling Tosite Sigure), Shinya (Dir En Grey), and Satoyasu Shomura (Alexandros) have cited Shinya as an influence.
Japanese gunboat Seta
Seta (勢多) was a river gunboat of the Imperial Japanese Navy, part of the 11th Gunboat Sentai, that operated on the Yangtze River in China during the 1920s, and during the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II.

Sentai
In Japanese, sentai (戦隊) is a military unit and may be literally translated as "squadron", "task force", "division (of ships)", "group" or "wing". The terms "regiment" and "flotilla", while sometimes used as translations of sentai, are also used to refer to larger formations.
Walter Lund
Walter Lund (born 31 January 1940) is a Norwegian chemist.

He was born in Oslo. He took the cand.real. degree at the University of Oslo in 1965, and later the dr.philos. degree. He was hired at the university in 1966, and was promoted to professor in 1989. He has been a visiting scholar at the National Physical Laboratory, the Heyrovský Institute of Polarography and the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. His field is analytical chemistry, and he has been vice president of this particular field within the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). He has also chaired the board of the Museum of Cultural History.

He retired in 2010, and resides in Oslo and Cros-de-Cagnes.

Cagnes-sur-Mer
Cagnes-sur-Mer (French pronunciation: [kaɲ syʁ mɛʁ], literally Cagnes on Sea; Occitan: Canha de Mar) is a French Riviera town near Nice that is in the Alpes-Maritimes department, in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region, in southeastern France.
Emilio Navaira
Emilio H. Navaira III (August 23, 1962 – May 16, 2016) was an American singer-songwriter of Tejano and country music. He is the winner of one Grammy Award and one Latin Grammy Award.

Known to most by the mononym Emilio, he charted more than ten singles on the Billboard Hot Latin Tracks charts, in addition to six singles on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks charts. Emilio was also one of the few Tejano artists to have significant success in both the United States and Mexico, and was called the "Garth Brooks of Tejano". His biggest country hit was the No. 27 "It's Not the End of the World" in late 1995, and his highest-charting single on any chart is "Por Siempre Unidos," which peaked at No. 7 on Latin Pop Airplay in 1996. Along with Selena, Emilio was one of the most prominent artists that helped popularize Tejano music.

Hot Latin Songs
The Billboard Hot Latin Songs (formerly Hot Latin Tracks and Hot Latin 50) is a record chart in the United States for Latin songs, published weekly by Billboard magazine. Since October 2012, chart rankings are based on digital sales, radio airplay, and online streaming, and only predominantly Spanish-language songs are allowed to rank. The chart was established by the magazine on September 6, 1986, and was originally based on airplay on Latin music radio stations. Although the chart predominantly allows Spanish-language songs, songs in English and Portuguese have charted.

The first number one song of the Hot Latin Songs chart was "La Guirnalda" by Rocío Dúrcal on September 6, 1986. As of the issue dated February 28, 2026, the chart has had 468 different number one hits, while 192 artists have reached number one (as a lead or a featured act). The current number-one song on the chart is "DTMF" by Bad Bunny.
Abubakar Salim
Abubakar Salim is a Kenyan-British actor and video game developer. For his work on Assassin's Creed Origins, he was nominated for a British Academy Games Award and named a BAFTA Breakthrough Brit. On television, he is known for his roles in the Sky One series Jamestown (2018–2019) and the HBO Max series Raised by Wolves (2020–2022). He is also the founder and CEO of the film and video game company Surgent Studios.

Breakthrough Brits
Breakthrough Brits is a programme to honour some of Britain's best new creatives in film, television, and gaming. The programme was originally run by the now shuttered UK Film Council. It was then launched under BAFTA in 2013. There are also international categories under BAFTA Breakthrough.

The program was designed to celebrate the new British film-making talent. The 2008 programme ended in a special event in Los Angeles, compered by Nigel Lythgoe, on 5 June where honourees were presented to an audience of Hollywood industry figures.
Steinbach (South) Airport
Steinbach (South) Airport (TC LID: CKK7) is located in the Rural Municipality of Hanover, Manitoba, Canada, 2 nautical miles (3.7 km; 2.3 mi) south of the city of Steinbach. The airport is operated by Harv's Air Service. Harv's Air service is a flight school based in Steinbach and also has a base in St. Andrews Airport. Steinbach (South) Airport is different from Steinbach Airport which is run by the city of Steinbach.

Transport Canada
Transport Canada (TC; French: Transports Canada) is the department of the Government of Canada responsible for developing regulations, policies and services for road, rail, marine and air transportation in Canada. The current minister of transport is Steven MacKinnon. Transport Canada is headquartered in Ottawa, Ontario.
1880 United States presidential election in Indiana
A presidential election was held in Indiana on November 2, 1880, as part of the 1880 United States presidential election. The Republican ticket of the U.S. representative from Ohio's 19th congressional district James A. Garfield and the chair of the New York Republican Party Chester A. Arthur defeated the Democratic ticket of the major general Winfield S. Hancock and the former U.S. representative from Indiana's 2nd congressional district William H. English. Garfield defeated Hancock in the national election with 214 electoral votes.

Indiana's 2nd congressional district
Indiana's 2nd congressional district is an electoral district for the U.S. Congress in Northern Indiana. It includes South Bend, Elkhart, and Warsaw.

Prior to 2002, the 2nd congressional district covered east central Indiana, including most of the territory now in the 6th district. However, following the 2000 U.S. census redistricting, the district was moved to replace most of what had been the 3rd district.

On November 8, 2022, Republican candidate Rudy Yakym won both the general election and the special election to complete the rest of incumbent representative Jackie Walorski's term after Walorski died in a car accident August 3, 2022.
Viva! Hysteria (concert residency)
Viva! Hysteria was a concert residency by English rock band Def Leppard where the band played their 1987 album Hysteria in its entirety.

The shows on 29 and 30 March were recorded and released on Viva! Hysteria, 22 October 2013.

Photograph (Def Leppard song)
"Photograph" is a song by the English hard rock band Def Leppard that was produced by Robert John "Mutt" Lange. The track was the lead single from the band's third studio album, 1983's Pyromania. Although it has frequently been described as being a tribute to the entertainer Marilyn Monroe, the group's lead vocalist, Joe Elliott, has described the song as broadly about "something you can't ever get your hands on".

The song reached No. 1 on the Billboard Top Tracks chart, where it stayed for six weeks. It additionally reached No. 12 on the Pop Singles chart.

In 2008, they performed the song with Taylor Swift on CMT Crossroads. The performance was nominated for both Wide Open Country Video of the Year and CMT Performance of the Year at the 2009 CMT Music Awards.

In 2013, the song was featured in the Grand Theft Auto V video game, on the Los Santos Rock Radio station. It was also released as downloadable content for Rock Band 3 in 2011.
Clinton Sampson Blues
The Clinton Sampson Blues was the final nickname of the minor league baseball teams based in Clinton, North Carolina and within Sampson County, North Carolina. From 1946 to 1950, the Clinton based teams played exclusively as members of the Class D level Tobacco State League, hosting home games at the Clinton High School Park. The franchise first played as the "Clinton Blues" from 1946 to 1948. The Clinton Blues were a minor league affiliate of the Detroit Tigers in 1948.

Clinton, North Carolina
Clinton (locally /ˈklɪnən/ KLIN-ən, /ˈklɪntən/ KLINT-ən) is a city in and the county seat of Sampson County, North Carolina, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 8,383. Clinton is named for Richard Clinton, a Brigadier General of the North Carolina militia in the American Revolution.
Fatimah Baeshen
Fatimah Salem A. Baeshen (Arabic: فاطمة باعشن) is a Saudi-American official who has worked for the Saudi government.

She was spokeswoman for the Embassy of Saudi Arabia in Washington, D.C. from September 26, 2017, to January 23, 2019. Baeshen was the first woman to hold a spokesperson position in the Saudi Arabian government.

Embassy of Saudi Arabia, Washington, D.C.
The Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia in Washington, D.C. (Arabic: سفارة المملكة العربية السعودية لدى الولايات المتحدة) is the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia's main and largest diplomatic mission to the United States. It is located at 601 New Hampshire Avenue NW/Jamal Khashoggi Way, Washington, D.C., in the Foggy Bottom neighborhood, near the Watergate complex, and Kennedy Center.
Danava dynasty
The Danava dynasty was the first legendary line of rulers in Pragjyotisha, established by Mahiranga Danava. The dynasty was of Kirata origin. These rulers are mentioned in the Kalika Purana but there are no archaeological evidence to support this.

The Danava dynasty consisted of Kirata chiefs; the last of whom, Ghatakasura, was killed and replaced by Naraka.

Kalika Purana
The Kalika Purana (Sanskrit: कालिकापुराणम्, Kālikā Purāṇa), also called the Kali Purana, Sati Purana or Kalika Tantra, is one of the eighteen minor Puranas (Upapurana) in the Shaktism tradition of Hinduism. The text was likely composed in Assam or Cooch Behar
region of India and is attributed to the sage Markandeya. It exists in many versions, variously organized in 90 to 93 chapters. The surviving versions of the text are unusual in that they start abruptly and follow a format not found in either the major or minor Purana-genre mythical texts of Hinduism. Various types of animal sacrifices for devi are detailed in the Purana.