hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Steve Dehler
Steve Dehler (born March 21, 1950) is an American politician and businessman.

Born in St. Cloud, Minnesota, Dehler attended the College of Saint Benedict and Saint John's University where he studied accounting and economics. He was a retail grocer/correctional officer/dispatcher. He served on the St. Joseph, Minnesota city council and as mayor. From 1993 to 2002, he served in the Minnesota House of Representatives as a Republican. In 2012, he lost a primary election for Hennepin County, Minnesota commissioner. His uncle, Sylvester Uphus, and a cousin, Ken Otremba, also served in the Minnesota Legislature, the former as an Independent Republican, and the latter as a Democrat.

Hennepin County, Minnesota
Hennepin County (/ˈhɛnəpɪn/ HEN-ə-pin) is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,281,565, and was estimated to be 1,273,334 in 2024, making it the most populous county in Minnesota and the 34th-most populous county in the United States. Its county seat is Minneapolis, the most populous city in Minnesota and the 46th-most populous city in the United States. The county is named for the 17th-century explorer Louis Hennepin. It extends from Minneapolis to the suburbs and outlying cities in the western part of the county. Its natural areas are covered by extensive woods, hills, and lakes. It contains over 21.98% of the state's population. It is included in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul–Bloomington metropolitan statistical area.
John Thorpe (priest)
The Venerable John Henry Thorpe, MA, BD (1855 – 7 January 1932) was Archdeacon of Macclesfield from 1921 until his death.

Thorpe was born in West Derby, Liverpool to Irish parents. He was educated at The High School, Dublin and Trinity College, Dublin he held incumbencies at St Peter's, Cork, St Saviour's, Nottingham and St George's, Stockport before his years as an Archdeacon.

He married Martha Aylmer Hall. His son John Henry Thorpe was the Coalition Conservative MP for Manchester Rusholme from 1919 to 1923.  His grandson was Jeremy Thorpe, Liberal Party leader.

He died on 7 January 1932.

Manchester Rusholme
Manchester Rusholme is a parliamentary constituency centred on the Rusholme district of Manchester.  It returns one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, elected by the first past the post system. Since 2024, it has been represented by the Labour Party's Afzal Khan, who was MP for Manchester Gorton from 2017 to 2024.
Fusiform
Fusiform (from Latin fusus ‘spindle’) means having a spindle-like shape that is wide in the middle and tapers at both ends. It is similar to the lemon-shape, but often implies a focal broadening of a structure that continues from one or both ends, such as an aneurysm on a blood vessel.

Spindle (textiles)
A spindle is a straight spike, usually made from wood, used for spinning, twisting fibers such as wool, flax, hemp, and cotton into yarn. It is often weighted at either the bottom, middle, or top, commonly by a disc or spherical object called a whorl; many spindles, however, are weighted simply by thickening their shape towards the bottom, e.g. Orenburg and French spindles. The spindle may also have a hook, groove, or notch at the top to guide the yarn. Spindles come in many different sizes and weights depending on the thickness of the yarn one desires to spin.
Slovenia Summit 2001
The  Slovenia Summit 2001 was a summit meeting between United States President George W. Bush and Russian President Vladimir Putin (hence also known as the Bush-Putin summit). It took place on 16 June 2001, on the Brdo pri Kranju estate in northern Slovenia. It was hosted by the then Prime Minister of Slovenia Janez Drnovšek and by the President of Slovenia Milan Kučan.

Bush and Putin discussed a wide range of political issues and established a diplomatic case for future cooperation and negotiations. This was also Bush's first official trip to Europe as U.S. President.

Milan Kučan
Milan Kučan (pronounced [ˈmíːlaŋ ˈkúːtʃan]; born 14 January 1941) is a Slovenian former politician who served as the first President of Slovenia from 1991 to 2002. Before being president of Slovenia, he was the 13th President of the Presidency of SR Slovenia from 1990 to 1991.

Kučan also served as the 7th President of the League of Communists of Slovenia from 1986 to 1989.
Sarp Falls
Sarp Falls (Norwegian: Sarpefossen or Sarpsfossen) is a waterfall at Sarpsborg in Østfold, Norway.
It is the second largest waterfall in Europe by discharge, after the Rhine Falls.

This is the last waterfall on the Glomma River, which is the longest river in Norway. Sarp Falls has one of the greatest flows of any waterfall in Europe. Both Rhine Falls and Dettifoss are larger and more powerful waterfalls in Europe but, while those waterfalls have between 200 and 500 m3/s (7,100 and 17,700 cu ft/s) of average water flow, Sarp Falls has approximately 577 m3/s (20,400 cu ft/s). Just above Sarp Falls is a road bridge with a vista point. There are also vista points on the east side of the falls.

Discharge (hydrology)
In hydrology, discharge is the volumetric flow rate (volume per time, in units of m3/h or ft3/h) of a stream. It equals the product of average flow velocity (with dimension of length per time, in m/h or ft/h) and the cross-sectional area (in m2 or ft2). It includes any suspended solids (e.g. sediment), dissolved chemicals like CaCO3(aq), or biologic material (e.g. diatoms) in addition to the water itself. Terms may vary between disciplines. For example, a fluvial hydrologist studying natural river systems may define discharge as streamflow, whereas an engineer operating a reservoir system may equate it with outflow, contrasted with inflow.
Upper Paeania
Upper Paeania or Paiania Kathyperthen (Ancient Greek: Παιανία καθύπερθεν) was a deme of ancient Attica; it was located on the eastern side of Hymettus. One of two demoi named Paeania.

The site of Upper Paeania is located north of modern Liopesi.

Hymettus
Hymettus (/haɪˈmɛtəs/), also Hymettos (/haɪˈmɛtɒs/; Greek: Υμηττός, romanized: Ymittós pronounced [imiˈtos]; Ancient Greek: Ὑμηττός [hymɛːt.tós]), is a mountain range in the Athens area of Attica, East Central Greece. It is also colloquially known as Trellós (crazy) or Trellóvouno (crazy mountain); the latter originates from the French "très long" (very long) in awe of its winding length of 16 km, as used by French travelers during the occupation of Greece by the Ottomans. Hymettus was assigned the status of a protected area in the EU's Natura 2000 ecological network.
Poplar Forest
Poplar Forest is a plantation and retreat home in Forest, Virginia, United States, that belonged to Thomas Jefferson, Founding Father and third U.S. president. Jefferson inherited the property in 1773 and began designing and working on his retreat home in 1806. While Jefferson is the most famous individual associated with the property, it had several owners before being purchased for restoration, preservation, and exhibition in 1984.

Poplar Forest was designated as a National Historic Landmark in 1971 and is now operated as a historic house museum by the nonprofit Corporation for Jefferson's Poplar Forest. The corporation is also responsible for the ongoing archaeological study and restoration work at the property. The Corporation celebrated the completed restoration of Jefferson's villa retreat in April 2023.

Historic house museum
A historic house museum is a house of historic significance that is preserved as a museum. Historic furnishings may be displayed in a way that reflects their original placement and usage in a home. Historic house museums are held to a variety of standards, including those of the International Council of Museums. Houses are transformed into museums for a number of different reasons. For example, the homes of famous writers are frequently turned into writer's home museums to support literary tourism.
Egil Halle
Egil Halle (16 March 1918 – 20 February 1988) was a Norwegian resistance member.

After Germany invaded Norway in 1940, he participated in battles of the Norwegian Campaign. He joined Milorg where he was trained in weapons use by Svein Blindheim and William Houlder. In 1943, he joined Oslogjengen's Operation Bundle and obtained the status of an acting soldier in the Norwegian Independent Company 1, although he did not receive military training in the United Kingdom. He was arrested on 14 November 1944, and was incarcerated at Møllergata 19 until 30 December, then at Grini concentration camp until 8 May 1945. He was decorated with the Norwegian Defence Medal, the British Defence Medal and the St. Olav's Medal With Oak Branch.

After the war he worked in the company of fellow resistance member Max Manus. He died from heart failure at his cabin in Ålsfjellet in February 1988.

Norwegian Independent Company 1
Norwegian Independent Company 1 (NOR.I.C.1, pronounced Norisén (approx. "noor-ee-sehn") in Norwegian) was a British  Special Operations Executive (SOE) group formed in March 1941 originally for the purpose of performing commando raids during the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany. Organised under the leadership of Captain Martin Linge, it soon became a pool of talent for a variety of special operations in Norway.
Jean Banchet
Jean Banchet (March 7, 1941 — November 24, 2013) was a French-American chef who popularized French cuisine through his Wheeling, Illinois restaurant, Le Francais, which opened in early 1973 and was one of the highest rated French restaurants of its era in America. The annual Jean Banchet Awards, first given out in 2002, are named after Banchet and are given to Chicago-area chefs and other hospitality workers.

Le Francais was part of the nouvelle cuisine movement.

In October, 2013, he was inducted into the Chicago Chefs Hall of Fame.

Banchet died on November 24, 2013, of pancreatic cancer in Jupiter, Florida at his home a mere three weeks after receiving the diagnosis.

Nouvelle cuisine
Nouvelle cuisine (French: [nuvɛl kɥizin] ⓘ; 'new cuisine') is an approach to cooking and food presentation in French cuisine. In contrast to cuisine classique, an older form of haute cuisine, nouvelle cuisine is characterized by lighter, more delicate dishes and an increased emphasis on presentation. It was popularized in the 1960s by the food critic Henri Gault, who coined the phrase, and his colleagues André Gayot and Christian Millau in a new restaurant guide, the Gault Millau, or Le Nouveau Guide.
Adjacent-channel interference
Adjacent-channel interference (ACI) is interference caused by extraneous power from a signal in an adjacent channel. ACI may be caused by inadequate filtering (such as incomplete filtering of unwanted modulation products in FM systems), improper tuning or poor frequency control (in the reference channel, the interfering channel or both).

ACI is distinguished from crosstalk.

Power (physics)
Power is the amount of energy transferred or converted per unit time. In the International System of Units, the unit of power is the watt (symbol W), equal to one joule per second (J/s). Power is a scalar quantity.

The output power of a motor is the product of the torque that the motor generates and the angular velocity of its output shaft.  Likewise, the power dissipated in an electrical element of a circuit is the product of the current flowing through the element and of the voltage across the element.
Guan Xia
Guan Xia (simplified Chinese: 关峡; traditional Chinese: 關峽; pinyin: Guān Xiá) (born June 30, 1957) is a Chinese composer of contemporary classical music.

Guan was born in Kaifeng, and graduated from the China Central Conservatory in 1985. He has been the director of the China National Symphony Orchestra until 2018 and involved in a number of Chinese national committees working with musicians. His important works include the operas Sorrowful Dawn and Mulan Psalm, several symphonies, Earth Requiem, a piano concerto, and the Symphonic Overture No. 1 (also known as Symphonic Ballade‘Sorrowful Dawn’), which is very popular in the concerts in China. He is also famous for composing TV series soundtracks, some of which were orchestrated as concert pieces, including I Love My Family, Fortress Besieged, Little Dragonboy, The Years of Intense Emotion, and Soldiers Sortie.

Contemporary classical music
Contemporary classical music is Western art music composed close to the present day. At the beginning of the 21st century, it commonly referred to the post-1945 post-tonal music after the death of Anton Webern, and included serial music, electronic music, experimental music, and minimalist music. Newer forms of music include spectral music and post-minimalism.
Claudia Acte
Claudia Acte (Greek: Κλαυδία Ακτή) a freedwoman of ancient Rome who became a mistress of the emperor Nero. She came from Asia Minor and might have become a slave of the Emperor Claudius, following his expansion of the Roman Empire into Lycia and Pamphylia; or she might have been purchased later, by Octavia, Claudius' daughter.

Pamphylia
Pamphylia (/pæmˈfɪliə/; Ancient Greek: Παμφυλία, Pamphylía Turkish: Pamfilya) was a region in the south of Asia Minor in Western Asia, between Lycia and Cilicia, extending from the Mediterranean to Mount Taurus (all in modern-day Antalya province, Turkey). It was bounded on the north by Pisidia and was therefore a country of small extent, having a coast-line of only about 120 km (75 miles) with a breadth of about 50 km (30 miles). Under the Roman administration the term Pamphylia was extended so as to include Pisidia and the whole tract up to the frontiers of Phrygia and Lycaonia, and in this wider sense it is employed by Ptolemy.
Marisela Cantú
Marisela Cantú Mata (born 25 October 1990) is a Mexican artistic gymnast and part of the national team.

She participated at the 2008 Summer Olympics. She also competed at world championships, including the  2010 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships in Rotterdam, the Netherlands.

Cantú participated and won Exatlón Estados Unidos originally as a team Famous contestant in 2018.

2010 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships
The 2010 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships was held at the Rotterdam Ahoy indoor sporting arena in the Netherlands from 16 to 24 October 2010. In this year's championships, there was a total of 73 participating federations with 615 gymnasts (343 men and 272 women). 53 men's and 44 women's teams competed.
Marshal
Marshal is a term used in several official titles in various branches of society. As marshals became trusted members of the courts of Medieval Europe, the title grew in reputation. During the last few centuries, it has been used for elevated offices, such as in military rank and civilian law enforcement.

In most countries, the rank of Marshal is the highest Army rank (equivalent to a five-star General of the Army in the United States).

Royal Marechaussee
The Royal Marechaussee (Dutch: Koninklijke Marechaussee, abbreviated to KMar) also translated as the Royal Military Constabulary, is the national gendarmerie force of the Netherlands, performing military and civilian police duties. It is also one of the two national police forces in the Netherlands, alongside the National Police Corps, and is one of the four branches of the Netherlands Armed Forces.
Abengibre Creek
The arroyo, cañada, or rambla de Abengibre is a seasonal water stream (rambla or arroyo) tributary to the Júcar, discharging into the former in Jorquera, province of Albacete, in the autonomous community of Castilla–La Mancha, Spain.

The upper course is known as arroyo de Ledaña. The final stretch of the rambla features embedded meanders and steep gorges produced by river erosion.

Jorquera
Jorquera is a municipality in the province of Albacete, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. It has a population of 529.

It is located on a spur sided by the Júcar river. The upper side of the hill is sided by 12th century walls built by the Almohads.
Tribl
Tribl (pronounced "tribal") is an American contemporary worship music collective originating from Atlanta, Georgia. The collective made its debut in 2021 with the release of Tribl I, a collaborative live album with Maverick City Music. Tribl I debuted at number ten on the Top Christian Albums Chart and number three on the Top Gospel Albums Chart in the United States. Tribl went on to release their second live album, Tribl Nights Atlanta (2021). Tribl Nights Atlanta debuted at number 46 on the Top Christian Albums Chart and number six on the Top Gospel Albums Chart. In 2022, Tribl released Tribl Nights Anthologies, their second collaborative live album with Maverick City Music. Tribl Nights Anthologies debuted at number 41 on the Top Christian Albums Chart and number six on the Top Gospel Albums Chart.

Contemporary worship music
Contemporary worship music (CWM), also known as praise and worship music, is a distinct genre of Christian music used in contemporary worship. It has evolved over the past 60 years and is stylistically similar to pop music. The songs are often referred to as "praise songs" or "worship songs" and are typically led by a "worship band" or "praise team," with either a guitarist or pianist serving as the lead. It has become a common genre of music performed in many churches, particularly in charismatic or non-denominational Protestant churches, with some Catholic congregations also incorporating it into the Mass.
Bomb tower
A bomb tower is a lightly constructed tower, often 100 to 700 feet (30 to 210 meters) high, built to hold a nuclear weapon for an aboveground nuclear test. The tower holds the bomb for the purpose of the investigation of its destructive effects (such as burst height and distance with given explosive yield) and for the adjustment of measuring instruments, such as high-speed cameras. Normally, the bomb tower will disintegrate completely on detonation due to the enormous heat of the explosion.

High-speed camera
A high-speed camera is a device capable of capturing moving images with exposures of less than ⁠1/1000⁠ second, or frame rates in excess of 250 frames per second. It is used for recording fast-moving objects as photographic images onto a storage medium.  After recording, the images stored on the medium can be played back in slow motion. Early high-speed cameras used photographic film to record the high-speed events, but have been superseded by entirely electronic devices using an image sensor (e.g. a charge-coupled device (CCD) or a MOS active pixel sensor (APS)), typically recording over 1000 frames per second onto DRAM, to be played back slowly to study the motion for scientific study of transient phenomena.
VRDE Light Armoured Vehicle
The VRDE Light Armoured Vehicle (LAWV) is a lightweight four-wheeled all-wheel-drive armored combat vehicles developed by Vehicle Research and Development Establishment (VRDE) for the Indian Army. Based on the Canadian LAV III light-armored vehicle, which in turn is based on the Swiss MOWAG Piranha III 8x8, the Armoured Vehicle is the Indian Army's first indigenous armored vehicle. The production is commencing at Ordnance Factory Medak.

Light Armoured Wheeled Vehicle (LAWV) a technology demonstrator has been developed as Armoured Personnel Carrier for reconnaissance and counter insurgency and riot control Operations.

Mowag
Mowag is a Swiss company founded in 1950, which develops, designs and produces armoured fighting vehicles for military applications in both land-only and amphibious configurations. These vehicles have gross vehicle weights ranging from 9 tonnes to 30 tonnes. Since 2003, the company belongs to General Dynamics, and is now known as GDELS-Mowag, part of General Dynamics European Land Systems (GDELS).
Alan Gelperin
Dr. Alan Gelperin is a scientist and biologist currently at Princeton University. He is an emeritus faculty member at Monell Chemical Senses Center. He specializes in electronic olfaction and computational neuroscience. He received his bachelor's degree in biology from Carleton College in 1962 and went on to get a Ph.D. from University of Pennsylvania.

He is most notable for his efforts in creating robots with electronic noses which can localize odors, and for the invention of a supermarket fruit and vegetable scanner that does not use barcodes but instead scans by scent.

Electronic nose
An electronic nose (or eNose) is an electronic sensing device intended to detect odors or flavors. The expression "electronic sensing" refers to the capability of reproducing human senses using sensor arrays and pattern recognition systems.

Since 1982, research has been conducted to develop technologies, commonly referred to as electronic noses, that could detect and recognize odors and flavors. The stages of the recognition process are similar to human olfaction and are performed for identification, comparison, quantification and other applications, including data storage and retrieval. Some such devices are used for industrial purposes.
Dai Jinhua
Dai Jinhua (Chinese: 戴锦华) is a Chinese feminist cultural critic. She is a professor in the Institute of Comparative Literature and Culture, Peking University. Her research interests include popular culture, film studies, and gender studies.

She taught at the Beijing Film Academy before assuming professorship at the Institute of Comparative Literature and Culture and directorship of the Center for Film and Cultural Studies at Peking University. She has long been engaged in the New Rural Reconstruction Movement and the Green movement. She is the author of more than ten scholarly monographs. Her works have been translated into English, French, German, Italian, Spanish, Japanese, and Korean. Her literary, film and TV commentary have addressed an expanding audience in China, Taiwan and Hong Kong over the last decades.

Beijing Film Academy
Beijing Film Academy (BFA; 北京电影学院) is a municipal public college in Beijing, China. It is affiliated with the City of Beijing and co-funded by the Beijing Municipal People's Government, the National Radio and Television Administration, and the Ministry of Education.

The predecessor of the Beijing Film Academy was the Research Institute of Performing Arts of the Central Film Bureau (中央电影局表演艺术研究所) founded in 1950. The institute was renamed the Film School of the Film Bureau of the Ministry of Culture of the Central People's Government (中央人民政府文化部电影局电影学校) in 1951. In 1953, the school was renamed Beijing Film School (北京电影学校). In 1956, the school was restructured into Beijing Film Academy.
Gilman test
The Gilman test is a chemical test for the detection of Grignard reagents and organolithium reagents.

A 0.5 mL sample is added to a 1% solution of Mischler's ketone in benzene or toluene. To this solution is added 1 mL of water for hydrolysis to take place and then several drops of 0.2% iodine in glacial acetic acid. If the color of the resulting solution becomes a greenish-blue then the original sample did contain the organometallic species.

Michler's ketone
Michler's ketone is an organic compound with the formula of [(CH3)2NC6H4]2CO. This electron-rich derivative of benzophenone is an intermediate in the production of dyes and pigments, for example Methyl violet. It is also used as a photosensitizer. It is named after the German chemist Wilhelm Michler. Michler's ketone is positively solvatochromic.