hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Plant taxonomy
Plant taxonomy is the science that finds, identifies, describes, classifies, and names plants. It is one of the main branches of taxonomy—the science that finds, describes, classifies, and names living organisms.

Plant taxonomy is closely allied to plant systematics, and there is no sharp boundary between the two. In practice, "plant systematics" involves relationships between plants and their evolution, especially at the higher levels, whereas "plant taxonomy" deals with the actual handling of plant specimens. The precise relationship between taxonomy and systematics, however, has changed along with the goals and methods employed.

Plant taxonomy is well known for being turbulent, and traditionally not having any close agreement on circumscription and placement of taxa. See the list of systems of plant taxonomy.

Cronquist system
The Cronquist system is a taxonomic classification system of flowering plants. It was developed by Arthur Cronquist in a series of monographs and texts, including The Evolution and Classification of Flowering Plants (1968; 2nd edition, 1988) and An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants (1981) (see Bibliography).

Cronquist's system places flowering plants into two broad classes, Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons) and Liliopsida (monocotyledons). Within these classes, related orders are grouped into subclasses. While the scheme was widely used, in either the original form or in adapted versions, many botanists now use the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants, first developed in 1998. The system as laid out in Cronquist's An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants (1981) counts 64 orders and 321 families in class Magnoliopsida and 19 orders and 65 families in class Liliopsida.
1974 Giro d'Italia, Stage 12 to Stage 22
The 1974 Giro d'Italia was the 57th edition of the Giro d'Italia, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Giro began in the Vatican City on 16 May, and Stage 12 occurred on 28 May with a stage from Forte dei Marmi. The race finished in Milan on 8 June.

Valenza
Valenza (Piedmontese: Valensa or Valensá) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) east of Turin and about 11 kilometres (7 mi) north of Alessandria, in the extreme Montferrat’s offshoots, in the Lombardy’s border.

It is sometimes called “Valenza Po”.

It is also one of the principal zones in the Alessandria’s province, due to its schools poles and the hospital.
Spreitenbach
Spreitenbach (High Alemannic: Spräitebach) is a municipality in the district of Baden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland, located in the Limmat Valley (German: Limmattal).

It lies southeast of the district center, directly on the border with the canton of Zurich.
It is one of the smallest cities in Switzerland. In Switzerland, a city needs a population of 10,000 or more to be considered as a city.

High Alemannic German
High Alemannic is a branch of Alemannic German spoken in the westernmost Austrian state of Vorarlberg and in Switzerland and Liechtenstein. Intelligibility of these dialects to non-Alemannic speakers tends to be limited.
WUIN (FM)
WUIN (98.3 MHz, "The Penguin") is an American FM radio station broadcasting an adult album alternative format. Licensed in Oak Island, North Carolina, the station serves the greater Wilmington, North Carolina, area. The station, originally established in 2000, is currently owned by Thomas Davis, through licensee Davis Media, LLC. WUIN features a broad variety of styles including reggae, blues, jazz, Americana, rock, soul and hip-hop.

Adult album alternative
Adult album alternative (also triple-A, AAA, or adult alternative) is a radio format. Its roots trace to both the "classic album stations of the '70s as well as the alternative rock format that developed in the '80s." AAA programming is carried on more than 150 broadcast outlets in the United States, with a roughly even split between commercial and public stations.
2013 LPGA of Korea Tour
The 2013 LPGA of Korea Tour was the 36th season of the LPGA of Korea Tour, the professional golf tour for women operated by the Korea Ladies Professional Golf' Association. It consisted of 23 golf tournaments, 20 played in South Korea, two played in China, and one played in Taiwan. Jang Ha-na won three tournaments and was the leading money winner with earnings of ₩689,542,549.

LPGA of Korea Tour
The LPGA of Korea Tour is a South Korean professional golf tour for women. LPGA stands for Ladies Professional Golf Association. LPGA of Korea runs this tour, not the American LPGA. It is one of the world's five leading women's golf tours.

Based on the April 2019 exchange rates, in 2019 the main tour has total prize fund of roughly 21.7 million USD.
Giuseppe Aprile
Giuseppe Aprile (28 October 1731 – 11 January 1813) was an Italian castrato singer and music teacher. He was also known as 'Sciroletto' or 'Scirolino'.

Aprile was born in Martina Franca. After studying with Gregorio Sciroli, composer and singing instructor, in Naples, he began his singing career in 1752 at the Teatro San Carlo in Naples. He then  began a great career, performing in prominent theatres throughout Italy, Germany, and even Madrid. His voice could reach E5. He withdrew from the stage in 1785 and became a singing instructor in Naples. Domenico Cimarosa, Michael Kelly and Emma, Lady Hamilton were among his pupils. See: List of music students by teacher: A to B#Giuseppe Aprile. He wrote a popular book on singing instruction, The Italian Method of Singing, with 36 Solfeggi (1791).

Teatro di San Carlo
The Real Teatro di San Carlo ("Royal Theatre of Saint Charles"), as originally named by the Bourbon monarchy but today known simply as the Teatro (di) San Carlo, is a historic opera house in Naples, Italy, connected to the Royal Palace and adjacent to the Piazza del Plebiscito. It is the oldest continuously active venue for opera in the world, having opened in 1737, decades before either Milan's La Scala or Venice's La Fenice.

The opera season runs from late November to July, with the ballet season from December to early June. The house once had a seating capacity of 3,285, but has now been reduced to 1,386 seats. Given its size, structure and antiquity, it was the model for theatres that were later built in Europe.
Ten Pound Island Light
The Ten Pound Island Light is a historic lighthouse in Gloucester Harbor in Gloucester, Massachusetts. It is located on Ten Pound Island, near the eastern end of the harbor. The tower, built in 1881, is a conical cast iron structure 30 feet (9.1 m) tall, replacing a stone tower first built on the site in 1821. The main body is painted white, and the top is painted black.

The tower is the only surviving part of a more extensive light station, which included a keeper's house and an oil house. The island additionally hosted a federal fish hatchery and a Coast Guard air (seaplane) station; only ruins survive.

The lighthouse was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988. Both Winslow Homer and Fitz Henry Lane painted the first tower.

Winslow Homer
Winslow Homer (February 24, 1836 – September 29, 1910) was an American landscape painter and illustrator, best known for his marine subjects. He is considered one of the foremost painters of 19th-century America and a preeminent figure in American art in general.

Largely self-taught, Homer began his career working as a commercial illustrator. He subsequently took up oil painting and produced major studio works characterized by the weight and density he exploited from the medium. He also worked extensively in watercolor, creating a fluid and prolific œuvre, primarily chronicling his working vacations.
Ryszard Kasyna
Ryszard Kasyna (born 28 September 1957) is a Polish Roman Catholic bishop, being the bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Pelplin since 2012. He was previously the auxiliary bishop of Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Gdańsk and titular bishop of the Diocese of Dices from 2005 to 2012.

Diocese of Dices
The Diocese of Dices, is a titular see of the Roman Catholic Church. The location of the seat of the diocese is unknown for certain, but is perhaps identifiable with Henchir-Sidi-Salah, Tunisia. Henchir-Sidi-Salah was an ancient diocese in the Roman-Berber province of Byzacena.

There are two bishops documented in antiquity as being bishops of Dices.

The Catholic, Massimino who attended the Council of Carthage (411) (There appears to have been at that time no Donatist bishops in Dices.)

Candido who participated in the Council of Carthage (641).

Dices is now a titular bishopric of the Roman Catholic Church. The current bishop is Henryk Ciereszko, of Białystok.
Wattsville, Ohio
Wattsville is an unincorporated community in Fox Township, Carroll County, Ohio, United States. The community is part of the Canton–Massillon Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is serviced by the Carrollton, Ohio, post office, ZIP code 44615. It is located on the Upper North Fork of Yellow Creek, State Route 524, and the Ohi-Rail Corporation (OHIC) railroad.

Massillon, Ohio
Massillon is a city in western Stark County, Ohio, United States, along the Tuscarawas River. The population was 32,146 at the 2020 census. Massillon is a principal city of the Canton–Massillon metropolitan area, which includes all of Stark and Carroll counties and had a population of 401,574 in 2020.

Massillon is located approximately 8 miles (13 km) west of Canton, 20 miles (32 km) south of Akron, and 50 miles (80 km) south of Cleveland.
Nico Marchetti
Nico Marchetti (born 19 February 1990) is an Austrian politician of the Austrian People's Party. Since 2017, he has been a member of the National Council. From 2015 to 2021, he was the leader of the Young People's Party in Vienna.

In June 2025, Marchetti married his husband.

In the 2025 controversy surrounding the Austrian Economic Chamber and Austrian Sozialpartnerschaft Marchetti defended former AEC president Harald Mahrer.

Austrian Economic Chamber
The Austrian Federal Economic Chamber (de: Wirtschaftskammer Österreich or WKO) functions as the federal parent organization for the nine State Chambers and 110 trade associations for different industries within Austria's system of economy. Most State Chambers and associations have local offices to provide services in close proximity to members.

Compulsory membership by Austrian federal law is automatic with obtaining the operating licence of the company and thus includes all Austrian companies in operation. The resultant membership of 517.477 active businesses as per 2017 includes diverse sectors such as trade and craft, commerce, industry, transportation, tourism, services industries, finance and insurance, but not agriculture, as this sector is served by its own Chamber.
Lubcza, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Lubcza [ˈlupt͡ʂa] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wodzisław, within Jędrzejów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 12 km (7 mi) south-east of Wodzisław, 18 km (11 mi) south of Jędrzejów, and 50 km (31 mi) south-west of the regional capital Kielce.

Jędrzejów
Jędrzejów (Polish: [jɛnˈdʐɛjuf] ⓘ; Yiddish: יענדזשעוו, romanized: Yendzshev, Latin: Andreiow) is a town in southern Poland, located in the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. It lies approximately 35 kilometres (22 miles) southwest of Kielce. It is the capital of Jędrzejów County. It has 16,139 inhabitants (2011).
2008 Bank of the West Classic – Doubles
The defending champions lost separately in the first round. Sania Mirza partnered with Anna Chakvetadze and lost to Eva Hrdinová and Vladimíra Uhlířová. Shahar Pe'er teamed with Gisela Dulko to lose to Ayumi Morita and Ai Sugiyama.

Cara Black and Liezel Huber won the final 6–4, 6–3, over Elena Vesnina and Vera Zvonareva.

Gisela Dulko
Gisela Dulko (Spanish pronunciation: [xiˈsela ˈðulko]; born 30 January 1985) is an Argentine former tennis player. Although she enjoyed modest success in singles, reaching a career-high ranking of world No. 26 and winning four WTA titles, her speciality was doubles, where she achieved the world No. 1 ranking and won 17 WTA titles. Partnering with Flavia Pennetta, Dulko won the 2010 WTA Tour Championships and the 2011 Australian Open. She also reached the mixed-doubles final at the 2011 US Open, with Eduardo Schwank. During her career, Dulko upset a number of top players on the tour, including Maria Sharapova in the second round of Wimbledon in 2009, Samantha Stosur in the third round of Roland Garros in 2011, and Martina Navratilova in the second round of Wimbledon in 2004 and in Navratilova's final Grand Slam singles match.

Dulko retired from professional tennis on 18 November 2012, aged 27.
Khari Jones
Khari Okang Jones (/kəˈhɑːri/ kə-HAH-ree; born May 16, 1971) is an American former professional football quarterback who is the offensive coordinator for the UBC Thunderbirds of U Sports. He was formerly the head coach for the Montreal Alouettes of the Canadian Football League (CFL). Jones played quarterback in the CFL, where he enjoyed his most success with the Winnipeg Blue Bombers. Jones also played briefly for the Arena Football League's Albany Firebirds and the World League of American Football's Scottish Claymores. He is also a former television sports reporter for the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC).He has also been the offensive coordinator for the BC Lions, Hamilton Tiger-Cats, and Ottawa Redblacks.

U Sports football
U Sports football is the highest level of amateur play of Canadian football and operates under the auspices of U Sports, Canada's governing body for university sports. Twenty-seven teams from Canadian universities are divided into four athletic conferences, drawing from the four regional associations of U Sports: Canada West Universities Athletic Association, Ontario University Athletics, Réseau du sport étudiant du Québec, and Atlantic University Sport. At the end of every season, the champions of each conference advance to semifinal bowl games; the winners of these meet in the Vanier Cup national championship.
St. Cloud station (Florida)
St. Cloud Depot is a former railway station in St. Cloud, Florida. After the original c. 1910 station building failed to placate demand, the city petitioned for a new station be built on the site. The old building was moved north of the tracks and continued use as the local freight depot; the new passenger station was opened in May 1918. Passenger service ceased and the line was abandoned by the 1930s. The Veterans of Foreign Wars had taken over the building by 1943.

The station was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 31, 2018.

Veterans of Foreign Wars
The Veterans of Foreign Wars (VFW), formally the Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United States, is an organization of United States war veterans who fought in wars, campaigns, and expeditions on foreign land, waters, or airspace as military service members. Established on September 29, 1899, in Columbus, Ohio, the VFW is headquartered in Kansas City, Missouri. It was federally chartered in 1936.
Pavol Hric
Pavol Hric (born 1976) is a retired Slovak slalom canoeist who competed at the international level from 1994 to 2004, specializing initially in the K1 discipline and since 2001 in C2, where he was partnered by Roman Vajs. He competed in K1 internationally until 1998.

Hric won a gold medal in the C2 team event at the 2002 European Championships in Bratislava. He is also the junior world champion in the K1 event, a title he won in Wausau in 1994.

He has one World Cup victory, which he achieved in C2 with Vajs in 2002 in Tacen.

2002 Canoe Slalom World Cup
The 2002 Canoe Slalom World Cup was a series of five races in 4 canoeing and kayaking categories organized by the International Canoe Federation (ICF). It was the 15th edition. The series consisted of 4 regular world cup races and the world cup final.
Zarrar Shah
Zarrar Shah (Urdu: ضرار شاہ, born 16 April 1979) is the Lashkar-e-Taiba's communications and technology chief, and also one of its primary liaisons with the Pakistani intelligence agency ISI. According to The New York Times, Shah is "a senior Lashkar commander" and "a central character" behind the plot of the 2008 Mumbai attacks. Fox News reports Shah communicated with gunmen over the telephone and helped direct their activities as he watched the events unfold on television.

Salman Masood
Salman Masood (Urdu: سلمان مسعود) is a Pakistani journalist who has been working as a Pakistan correspondent for The New York Times since 2001. He is also the Editor, Pakistan The Nation.
The focus of his reporting has been on politics and terrorism. In 2009, he contributed to The New York Times reporting team that won the Pulitzer Prize for coverage of Pakistan and Afghanistan.
Pittsburgh and Ohio Central Railroad
The Pittsburgh and Ohio Central Railroad (reporting mark POHC) is a short-line railroad operating 37 miles (60 km) of track over the Chartiers Branch in southwest Pennsylvania. It also operated a small portion of the former Conrail Panhandle Route between Carnegie and Walkers Mill. This line, however, has not been used since 2014. It is owned by the Ohio Central Railroad System, which is a division of the rail holding company Genesee & Wyoming.

The P&OHC was formed after the purchase by Genesse & Wyoming of the former Pittsburgh Industrial Railroad from RailAmerica in 2000.  The line has track extending from its office in the McKees Rocks north to Neville Island and south to Arden in South Strabane Township, with a spur from Carnegie to Rennerdale. Major commodities hauled include chemicals, minerals, plastics, and steel.

South Strabane Township, Pennsylvania
South Strabane Township is a township in Washington County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 9,616 at the 2020 census. The township is named after the town of Strabane in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland.
Workers' Revolutionary Party
There are several groups named the Workers' Revolutionary Party:

Workers' Revolutionary Party (Argentina)

Workers Revolutionary Party (Greece)

Workers Revolutionary Party (India)

Workers' Revolutionary Party (Mexico)

Workers Revolutionary Party (Namibia)

Workers' Revolutionary Party (Nicaragua)

Workers' Revolutionary Party (Panama)

Workers' Revolutionary Party (Peru)

Workers' Revolutionary Party (Portugal)

Workers' Revolutionary Party (Spain)

Workers Revolutionary Party (UK)

Workers Revolutionary Party (Healy)
Workers Revolutionary Party (Internationalist)
Workers Revolutionary Party (Workers Press)

Workers' Revolutionary Party (Nicaragua)
The Workers' Revolutionary Party (Spanish: Partido Revolucionario de los Trabajadores, PRT) is a left-wing Nicaraguan political party with Marxist and Trotskyist tendencies founded 1971 by students including Bonifacio Miranda.

Originally a broad Marxist group named Towards a Popular Revolution, the party joined the Trotskyist United Secretariat of the Fourth International in 1975 and renamed itself the Marxist Revolutionary League.  It fought alongside the Sandinista National Liberation Front, but after their victory, remained illegal and its leaders were jailed for criticising the new government.

The group renamed itself to PRT in 1984, and received legal status after 1984 elections.
Stephen Smyk
Stephen T. Smyk is an American politician who served in the Delaware House of Representatives representing the 20th district from 2012 to 2022.

In 2022, Smyk ran for the Delaware Senate for the 6th district after incumbent Republican Ernesto Lopez decided not to run. Smyk lost in the general election to Democrat Russ Huxtable, gaining 47.5% of the vote. He was replaced in the Delaware House of Representatives by Democrat Stell Parker Selby.

Delaware House of Representatives
The Delaware State House of Representatives is the lower house of the Delaware General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Delaware. It is composed of 41 Representatives from an equal number of constituencies, each of whom is elected to a two-year term. Its members are not subject to term limits, and their terms start the day after the election. The House meets at the Delaware Legislative Hall in Dover.
Gjøran Sæther
Gjøran Sæther (December 19, 1982), also known by the pseudonyms Proteque and Skuggimaðr, is a Norwegian artist and painter. He is active in the digital art scene with music and graphic, and as a painter in traditional art.

In 2017, he joined the blackened death metal band Hateful Transgression as keyboardist.

Blackened death metal
Blackened death metal (also known as black death metal) is an extreme subgenre of heavy metal that fuses elements of black metal and death metal.

The genre emerged in early 1990s when black metal bands began incorporating elements of death metal and vice versa. The genre typically employs death growls, tremolo picking, blast beats, and Satanic lyrics and imagery. Bands of the genre typically employ corpse paint, which was adapted from black metal.
The Mummy (1911 film)
The Mummy is a 1911 American short silent film produced by the Thanhouser Company. The film details the story of Jack Thornton, a businessman, who is in love with Professor Dix's daughter. Jack purchases a mummy and plans to win his respect as an Egyptologist, but the mummy is reanimated in Jack's room by a live electrical wire. The mummy takes immediate interest in Jack, but is rejected and mummifies him. Before Professor Dix can cut up the now-mummified Jack, she returns and saves him. Jack explains everything and the film concludes with Professor Dix marrying the mummy.

The production was one of several films of the same name produced in 1911 and was met with favorable reviews. The film is presumed to be lost.

Thanhouser Company
The Thanhouser Company (later the Thanhouser Film Corporation) was one of the first motion picture studios, founded in 1909 by Edwin Thanhouser, his wife Gertrude and his brother-in-law Lloyd Lonergan. It operated in New York City until 1920, producing over a thousand films.
Radico Khaitan
Radico Khaitan Ltd. (RKL), formerly Rampur Distillery & Chemical Company Ltd., is an Indian company that manufactures industrial alcohol, Indian Made Foreign Liquor (IMFL), country liquor and fertilizers. It is the fourth largest Indian liquor company. Radico brands are sold in more than 85 countries, including USA, Canada, South America, Africa, Europe, South East Asia, Australia, New Zealand and the Middle East.

Desi daru
Desi daru (Hindi: देसी दारू), also known as country liquor or Indian-made Indian liquor (IMIL), is a local category of liquor produced on the Indian subcontinent, as opposed to Indian-made foreign liquor. Due to cheap prices, country liquor is the most popular alcoholic beverage among the impoverished people. It is fermented and distilled from molasses, a by-product of sugarcane. Desi liquor is a broad term and it can include both legally and illegally made local alcohol. The term desi daru usually refers to legal alcohol while other types of country liquor (arrack and palm toddy) may be categorised as moonshine alcohol.
JJ McCormack
Joseph "Joe Joe" McCormack (1926–2010), from Birr, County Offaly, Ireland, was an Irish road racing cyclist and later cycle sport administrator and race promoter, involved in the organisation of the sport in Ireland for several decades, including initiating the Junior Tour of Ireland.

Birr, County Offaly
Birr (/ˈbɜːr/; Irish: Biorra, meaning "plain of water") is a town in County Offaly, Ireland. Between 1620 and 1899, it was called Parsonstown, after the Parsons family who were local landowners and hereditary Earls of Rosse. The town is in a civil parish of the same name.

Birr is a designated Irish Heritage Town with a carefully preserved Georgian heritage. Birr itself has graceful wide streets and elegant buildings. Many of the houses in John's Place and Oxmantown Mall have exquisite fanlight windows of the Georgian period.

The town is known for Birr Castle and Gardens: the home of the Parsons family and the site of the Leviathan of Parsonstown, which was the largest telescope in the world for over 70 years.