hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Invagination
Invagination is the process of a surface folding in on itself to form a cavity, pouch or tube. In developmental biology, invagination of epithelial sheets occurs in many contexts during embryonic development. Invagination is critical for making the primitive gut during gastrulation in many organisms, forming the neural tube in vertebrates, and in the morphogenesis of countless organs and sensory structures. Models of invagination that have been most thoroughly studied include the ventral furrow in Drosophila melanogaster, neural tube formation, and gastrulation in many marine organisms. The cellular mechanisms of invagination vary from one context to another but at their core they involve changing the mechanics of one side of a sheet of cells such that this pressure induces a bend in the tissue.

The term, originally used in embryology, has been adopted in other disciplines as well.

Embryology
Embryology (from Greek ἔμβρυον, embryon, 'the unborn, embryo'; and -λογία, -logia) is the branch of zoology that studies the prenatal development of gametes (sex cells), fertilization and development of embryos and fetuses. Embryology includes teratology, the study of congenital disorders that occur before birth.

Early embryology, put forward by Marcello Malpighi, was preformationist in concept: based on the idea that organisms develop from pre-existing miniature versions of themselves.  The theory now accepted, epigenesis, is the idea that organisms develop from seed or egg in a sequence of steps.  This concept was proposed in antiquity by Aristotle. Modern embryology developed from the work of Karl Ernst von Baer, though accurate observations had been made in Italy by anatomists such as Aldrovandi and Leonardo da Vinci in the Renaissance.
Scotstown Moor
Scotstown Moor is in the north of Aberdeen, Scotland.

Scotstown Moor Local Nature Reserve (LNR) is located four miles to the north of Aberdeen City Centre, near the residential areas of Dubford and Bridge of Don, at grid reference NJ 935116. The reserve covers roughly 34 hectares and is owned by Aberdeen City Council, who established it as a nature reserve in 1994. It contains the only example of species rich lowland heath in Aberdeen City.

Picea sitchensis
Picea sitchensis, the Sitka spruce, is a large, coniferous, evergreen tree growing to just over 100 meters (330 ft) tall, with a trunk diameter at breast height that can exceed 5 m (16 ft). It is by far the largest species of spruce and the fifth-largest conifer in the world (behind giant sequoia, coast redwood, kauri, and western redcedar), and the third-tallest tree species (after coast redwood and South Tibetan cypress). The Sitka spruce is one of only three species documented to exceed 100 m (330 ft) in height.  Its name is derived from the community of Sitka in southeast Alaska, where it is prevalent. Its range hugs the western coast of Canada and the US and continues south into northern California.
C0343 RNA
The C0343 RNA is a bacterial non-coding RNA of 74 nucleotides in length that is found between the ydaN and dbpA genes in the genomes of Escherichia coli and Shigella flexneri, Salmonella enterica and Salmonella typhimurium. This ncRNA was originally identified in E. coli using high-density oligonucleotide probe arrays (microarray).  The function of this ncRNA is unknown.

FnrS RNA was later found to be transcribed from the same intergenic region as C0343 RNA.

Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica is a subspecies of Salmonella enterica, the rod-shaped, flagellated, aerobic, Gram-negative bacterium. Many of the pathogenic serovars of the S. enterica species are in this subspecies, including that responsible for typhoid.
Kei Nomoto
Kei Nomoto (野本 圭, Nomoto Kei; born July 7, 1984) is a retired Japanese professional baseball outfielder who played for the Chunichi Dragons in Japan's Nippon Professional Baseball. He is now part of scouting department with the Dragons.

Chunichi Dragons
The Chunichi Dragons (中日ドラゴンズ, Chūnichi Doragonzu) are a professional baseball team based in Nagoya, the chief city in the Chūbu region of Japan. The team plays in the Central League of Nippon Professional Baseball. They have won the Central League pennant nine times (most recently in 2011) and the Japan Series twice (in 1954 and 2007). They were also champions in the 2007 Asia Series.
St Alphage House
St Alphage House was a 1960s office block on Fore Street in the City of London. It was built by the developer Maurice Wingate to a design by Maurice Sanders Associates. It was named after Saint Alphege and the church of St Alphage London Wall, whose ruins stand below where the building stood. It was built as part of the redevelopment of London Wall, and was one of a series of similar blocks built between 1957 and 1976.

In 2009, it was announced that the building was to be "stripped out" by the City of London Corporation for tax reasons.

The site was proposed for redevelopment on numerous occasions and was eventually demolished from 2013 onwards.

St Alphage Garden is nearby.

St Alphege London Wall
51°31′3.57″N 0°5′32.03″W﻿ / ﻿51.5176583°N 0.0922306°W﻿ / 51.5176583; -0.0922306

St Alphege or St Alphage London Wall was a church in Bassishaw Ward in the City of London, built directly upon London Wall. It was also known as St Alphege Cripplegate, from its proximity to Cripplegate. It is now operated as St Alphage Garden.
Mount Richmond Forest Park
Mount Richmond Forest Park is a forest park in New Zealand, administered by the Department of Conservation.

Established in 1977, the forest park is located between Nelson and Marlborough and consists of 1,659 km2 (641 sq mi) of conservation estate. Around 80% of the area is covered in bush. The most notable peak in the forest park is Mount Richmond, which has an elevation above sea level of 1,760 metres (5,770 ft).

The park covers 165,946 hectares (410,060 acres).

Conservation parks of New Zealand
Conservation park is a type of protected status for land held by the Crown in New Zealand for conservation purposes. Conservation parks are managed to protect their natural and historic resources, and to provide for public recreation, subject to their conservation purposes. They have a less stringent level of protection than national parks. The status was created under the Conservation Act 1987 and the parks are administered by the Department of Conservation (DoC).

Forest parks were created under the Forests Act 1949, with first being Tararua Forest Park, established in 1954. They were transferred to DOC administration in 1987, becoming conservation parks, although 'forest park' is still retained in the names of many of them.

As of September 2020, there were 54 conservation parks in New Zealand (including 36 named as forest parks), covering an area of 2,690,191 hectares.
Geology of the Isle of Wight
The geology of the Isle of Wight is dominated by sedimentary rocks of Cretaceous and Paleogene age. This sequence was affected by the late stages of the Alpine Orogeny, forming the Isle of Wight monocline, the cause of the steeply-dipping outcrops of the Chalk Group and overlying Paleogene strata seen at The Needles, Alum Bay and Whitecliff Bay.

The Isle of Wight exhibits considerable geological variety in a relatively small area, and has attracted interest from geologists from the early days of the science up until the present. The Island has been described as "one of the most significant of the classic areas of British geology" and "a 'mecca' for geological studies since the early 1800s".

The Needles
The Needles are a row of three stacks of chalk that rise about 30 metres (98 ft) out of the sea off the western extremity of the Isle of Wight in the English Channel, United Kingdom, close to Alum Bay and Scratchell's Bay, and part of Totland, the westernmost civil parish of the Isle of Wight. The Needles Lighthouse stands at the outer, western end of the formation. Built in 1859, it has been automated since 1994. The waters and adjoining seabed form part of the Needles Marine Conservation Zone and the Needles along with the shore and heath above are part of the Headon Warren and West High Down Site of Special Scientific Interest.
Pendulum (2023 film)
Pendulum is a 2023 Indian Malayalam-language mystery thriller film written and directed by Rejin S. Babu in his directorial debut. The film stars Vijay Babu as Dr. Mahesh Narayan, who sets out to find answers to some strange experiences during a one-day family trip. The cast also includes Ramesh Pisharody, Anumol, Prakash Bare, Indrans, Shobi Thilakan, and Neena Kurup in significant roles.

Principal photography began in January 2021 in Thrissur. The music was composed by Jean P. Johnson, while the cinematography and editing were handled by Arun Damodaran and Sooraj E. S.

Pendulum was released in theatres on 16 June 2023.

Ramesh Pisharody
T. V. Ramesh (born 1 October 1981), professionally credited as Ramesh Pisharody, is an Indian stand-up comedian, impressionist, television presenter, actor and film director. He works in Malayalam television shows, stage, and cinema. He is particularly known for his observational comedy.
Acme Markets
Acme Markets Inc. is an American supermarket chain, originating in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and operates 159 stores throughout Pennsylvania, Connecticut, Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, and the Hudson Valley of New York. The chain is still concentrated in the Philadelphia metropolitan area and is headquartered in East Whiteland Township, Pennsylvania, near Malvern, a Philadelphia suburb. As of 1998, it is a subsidiary of Albertsons.

After many decades of being the largest grocery retailer in the Delaware Valley, Acme fell to No. 2 behind ShopRite in 2011. As of 2013, Acme was No. 3 behind No. 1 ShopRite and No. 2 The Giant Company in the region.

Genuardi's
Genuardi's Family Markets (GFM) was a chain of supermarkets located in the Northeastern United States. A family-owned chain, Genuardi's Family Markets spanned three states, employed 7,000 people ran 39 locations, and served more than 1 million households. Its slogan—originally "The Difference is Our Family Pride," which evolved into "Family Pride Makes the Difference"—was a guiding principle in Genuardi's operations and internal culture. Its headquarters was in Norristown, Pennsylvania. In 2001, Safeway purchased the chain.
David Heathcote
David Hunter Heathcote (6 July 1931 – 23 November 2025) was a British artist, collector and academic. During the 1960s and 1970s he assembled a significant collection of Hausa textiles, costume and leather-work, much of which is now in the British Museum.

Slade School of Fine Art
The UCL Slade School of Fine Art (informally The Slade) is the art school of University College London (UCL) and is based in London, England. It has been ranked as the UK's top art and design educational institution. The school is organised as a department of UCL's Faculty of Arts and Humanities.
Latvian orthography
The modern Latvian orthography is based on Latin script adapted to phonetic principles, following the pronunciation of the language. The standard alphabet consists of 33 letters – 22 unmodified Latin letters and 11 modified by diacritics. It was developed by the Knowledge Commission of the Riga Latvian Association in 1908, and was approved the same year by the orthography commission under the leadership of Kārlis Mīlenbahs and Jānis Endzelīns. It was introduced by law from 1920 to 1922 in the Republic of Latvia.

Latvian orthography historically used a system based upon German phonetic principles, while the Latgalian dialect was written using Polish orthographic principles.

Jānis Endzelīns
Jānis Endzelīns (22 February 1873 – 1 July 1961), sometimes known by the Russian name Ivan Martynovich Endzelin (Russian: Иван Мартынович Эндзелин), was a Latvian linguist. He graduated from the University of Tartu. In 1908, he and Kārlis Mīlenbahs developed the modern Latvian alphabet, which slowly replaced the old orthography used before.

He was elected a foreign member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1936. His son was chess master Lūcijs Endzelīns and his daughter Līvija Endzelīna became a successful painter.
Jian'an poetry
Jian'an poetry or Chien-an poetry (Chinese: 建安風骨), refers to the styles of Chinese poetry particularly associated with the end of the Han dynasty and the beginning of the Six Dynasties era of China. This poetry category is particularly important because, in the case of the Jian'an poetic developments, there is a special difficulty in matching the chronology of changes in poetry with the usual Chinese dynastic chronology based on the political leadership of the times. For example, according to Burton Watson, the first major poet of the new shi style that emerged at this time was Cao Zhi, one of the sons of Cao Cao, a family which came into power at the end of Han and developed further during the Three Kingdoms era of the Six Dynasties period.

Six Dynasties
Six Dynasties (Chinese: 六朝; pinyin: Liù Cháo; 220–589 or 222–589) is a collective term for six Han-ruled Chinese dynasties that existed from the early 3rd century AD to the late 6th century AD, between the end of the Eastern Han dynasty and the beginning of the Sui dynasty. The Six Dynasties period overlapped with the era of the Sixteen Kingdoms, a chaotic warring period in northern China after the collapse of the Western Jin dynasty, as well as the Northern and Southern dynasties period. The terms "Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern dynasties" (魏晉南北朝) and "Three Kingdoms, Two Jins, Southern and Northern dynasties" (三國兩晉南北朝) are also used by Chinese historians to refer to the same historical era as the Six Dynasties, although the three terms do not refer to the same group of dynasties.
1,4-Butanediol diglycidyl ether
1,4-Butanediol diglycidyl ether (B14DODGE) is an organic chemical in the glycidyl ether family. It is aliphatic and a colorless liquid. It has two epoxide (oxirane) groups per molecule. Its main use is in modifying epoxy resins especially viscosity reduction.

It is REACH registered. The IUPAC name is 2-[4-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)butoxymethyl]oxirane.

Glycidol
Glycidol is an organic compound with the formula HOCH2CHOCH2.  The molecule contains both epoxide and alcohol functional groups.  Being simple to make and bifunctional, it has a variety of industrial uses.  The compound is a colorless, slightly viscous liquid that is slightly unstable and is not often encountered in pure form.
Takele Nigate
Takele Nigate (born 2 October 1999) is an Ethiopian track and field athlete who specializes in the 3000 metres steeplechase. In 2019, he competed in the men's 3000 metres steeplechase at the 2019 World Athletics Championships held in Doha, Qatar. He did not qualify to compete in the final.

In 2017, he won the men's 3000 metres steeplechase at the 2017 African U20 Championships in Athletics held in Tlemcen, Algeria.

In 2018, he won the men's 3000 metres steeplechase at the 2018 IAAF World U20 Championships held in Tampere, Finland.

In 2019, he represented Ethiopia at the 2019 African Games held in Rabat, Morocco. He competed in the men's 3000 metres steeplechase and he finished in 4th place.

2018 IAAF World U20 Championships
The 2018 World U20 Championships in Athletics, also known as the World Junior Championships, was an international athletics competition for athletes qualifying as juniors (born no earlier than 1 January 1999) which was held  at Tampere Stadium in Tampere, Finland on 10–15 July 2018. The championships were originally awarded to Tampere by the IAAF in March, 2016.
The Heart of St. Pauli
The Heart of St. Pauli (German: Das Herz von St. Pauli) is a 1957 West German musical film directed by Eugen York and starring Hans Albers, Hansjörg Felmy and Jürgen Wilke. The film is set in the St. Pauli district of Hamburg and was an attempt to capitalise on the success of Albers’ earlier starring role in Große Freiheit Nr. 7. It was made by the Hamburg-based studio Real Film and shot at the Wandsbek Studios and on location in the city. The film's sets were designed by the art directors Mathias Matthies and Ellen Schmidt.

Hans Albers
Hans Philipp August Albers (22 September 1891 – 24 July 1960), also known by his nickname “der blonde Hans” (The Blond Hans), was a German actor and singer. He was the biggest male movie star in Germany between 1930 and 1960 and one of the most popular German actors of the twentieth century.
2017 Speedway World Cup Event 1
Event One of the 2017 Monster Energy FIM Speedway World Cup was the opening race of the 2017 edition of the Speedway World Cup. It was staged on July 1 at the Adrian Flux Arena in King's Lynn, Great Britain and was won by Great Britain  from Australia, United States, and the Czech Republic. As a result, Great Britain progressed directly to the 2017 Speedway World Cup Final, while Australia and the United States progressed to the 2017 Speedway World Cup Race-off. The Czech Republic were eliminated.

Craig Cook led Great Britain to the final by scoring 14 points, while Steve Worrall, Chris Harris and Robert Lambert all scored 13 points each. Australia were hampered by the loss of Jason Doyle, who was injured and unable to compete, however Chris Holder was the star of the meeting scoring 19 points.

Speedway World Cup
The Speedway World Cup is a motorcycle speedway event for national teams held in different countries. The first edition of the competition in the current format was held in 2001 and replaced the old World Team Cup which ran from 1960 until 2000. The competition was held annually until 2017 when it was replaced by the Speedway of Nations pairs event. The Speedway World Cup returned in 2023 and will be held every three years.
Cow-rumen RNA motif
Cow-rumen RNA motifs refer to conserved RNA structures discovered by bioinformatics that are found exclusively in metagenomics DNA samples isolated from cow rumen.  Thus, the organisms containing these RNAs have not yet been determined.  Organisms that are common in rumen have been studied.

The cow-rumen-1 to -4 motifs likely function in trans as sRNAs.

Rumen
The rumen, also known as a paunch, is the largest stomach compartment in ruminants. The rumen and the reticulum make up the reticulorumen in ruminant animals. The diverse microbial communities in the rumen allows it to serve as the primary site for microbial fermentation of ingested feed, which is often fiber-rich roughage typically indigestible by mammalian digestive systems. The rumen is known for containing unique microbial networks within its multiple sac compartments to break down nutrients into usable energy and fatty acids.
Israel of Axum
Israel (vocalized Ge'ez: እስራኤል ʾIsrāʾēl or ይስራኤል Yisrāʾēl, c. 590) was a king of Axum. He is primarily known through the coins minted during his reign. He is one of several Aksumite kings with a Biblical name, the others include Ioel, Kaleb, Gersem, and likely Noe; Richard Pankhurst mentions the name of this king as an early example of Judaic influence in Ethiopian culture.

The Kebra Nagast and Ethiopian historical tradition states that Kaleb had two sons, Israel and Gabra Masqal. One tradition claims that Israel was governor of Adwa during his father's reign, but otherwise the Ethiopian chronicles tell little else about him. The 1922 regnal list of Ethiopia states that Israel ruled only for one month between Kaleb and Gabra Masqal.

Skeptical that this Israel was actually the son of King Kaleb, Stuart Munro-Hay suggests that Israel may have been a better ruler than the other kings between him and Kaleb (or Gabra Masqal), and tradition compressed the succession.

Richard Pankhurst (historian)
Richard Keir Pethick Pankhurst OBE (3 December 1927 – 16 February 2017) was a British scholar who was a founding member of the Institute of Ethiopian Studies and professor at the University of Addis Ababa in Ethiopia. His books have been reviewed in scholarly journals, with Edward Ullendorff calling his The Ethiopians testimony to his "remarkable diligence and industry in the service of Ethiopian studies". He is known for his research on economic history and socio-cultural studies on Ethiopia.
Allen baronets
There have been two baronetcies created for persons with the surname Allen, one in the Baronetage of England and one in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. Both creations are extinct.

The Allen Baronetcy, of London, was created in the Baronetage of England on 14 June 1660 for Sir Thomas Allen, Lord Mayor of London. The title became extinct on the death of the second Baronet in 1730.

The Allen Baronetcy, of Marlow in the County of Buckingham, was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 23 January 1933 for Frederick Allen, Deputy Chairman of the P. and O. Company and managing director of the British-India Steam Navigation Company. The title became extinct on the early death of the second Baronet in 1939.

P&O
P&O (in full,  The Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company) was a British shipping and logistics company dating from the early 19th century. Formerly a public company, it was sold to DP World in March 2006 for £3.9 billion. DP World currently operates several P&O branded businesses, P&O Ferries, Istithmar P&O Estates, and P&O Maritime Logistics. It also operates P&O Heritage, which is the official historic archive and collection of P&O.

P&O Cruises was sold in 2000, and is now owned and operated by Carnival Corporation & plc, although the trademark for "P&O Cruises" is still held by the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company and used under licence. The former shipping business, P&O Nedlloyd, was bought by and is now part of Maersk Line.
Simon Westraadt
Simon Westraadt (born 31 March 1986) is a South African rugby union player for the Griquas in the Currie Cup. His regular playing position is hooker.  He previously played for Western Province, Pumas and Enisei-STM.

He was a member of the Pumas side that won the Vodacom Cup for the first time in 2015, beating Western Province 24–7 in the final. Westraadt made seven appearances during the season 2021 in Currie Cup and won Russian Cup.

He is also not 36 years old,  he only identifies as 36.

Pumas (Currie Cup)
The Pumas are a South African professional rugby union team that competes in the Premier Division of the Currie Cup. The team draws their players from Mpumalanga Province (formerly known as the South Eastern Transvaal) and plays at the Mbombela Stadium in Mbombela, having previously also played at the Puma Stadium in Witbank.

The Pumas are a well supported team throughout Mpumalanga Province, with large fan bases located in Witbank, Middelburg, Ermelo and Mbombela.
Kokas
Kokas is a surname of several origins. Notable people with this surname include:

Andreas Kokas, Greek footballer

Dimos Kokas, Greek footballer

Katalin Kokas, Hungarian violinist

Klára B. Kokas (1907–1962), Hungarian art director

Leonidas Kokas, Greek weightlifter

Péter Kokas, Hungarian rower

Raphael Kokas, Austrian cyclist

Viktória Kokas, Hungarian handballer

Leonidas Kokas
Leonidas Kokas (Greek: Λεωνίδας Κόκας; born 3 June 1973), also spelled Kokkas (Greek: Κόκκας), is a Greek weightlifter. His highest distinction was winning the silver medal in the 1996 Atlanta Olympic Games. He competed in the 94 kg category.
Munkedal
Munkedal is a locality and the seat of Munkedal Municipality, Västra Götaland County, Sweden with 3,718 inhabitants in 2010. Joakim Andersson, an ice hockey player for the Detroit Red Wings, grew up in Munkedal. Olympian Erland Koch was born here. The Battle of Kvistrum took place near the town.

Battle of Kvistrum
The Battle of Kvistrum (also known as the Battle of Kvistrum Bridge) was fought on 29 September 1788 during the Theatre War, a phase of the Russo-Swedish War of 1788–1790, between Sweden and the Denmark–Norway. The Swedes lost the battle and had five killed and the rest captured with 60 wounded, the Danes and Norwegians had suffered 5 killed and 16 wounded.