hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Criticism of Netflix
Netflix is a subscription streaming service owned by the American company Netflix, Inc. Launched on August 29, 1997, it initially offered DVD rental and sale by mail, but the sales were eliminated within a year to focus on the DVD rental business. In 2007, the company began transitioning to its current subscription streaming model. Since its launch, the company was subject to numerous criticisms, the basis of which range from its business practices and workplace culture to issues with the service it provides, including content issues, lack of close captioning and pricing. This article provides an overview of key criticisms the company has faced.

Patriot Act with Hasan Minhaj
Patriot Act with Hasan Minhaj is an American comedy talk show hosted by Hasan Minhaj that premiered on October 28, 2018, on Netflix and ran until June 28, 2020. It also had all the episodes, exclusives, and deep cuts on its YouTube channel. The series was created by Minhaj and Prashanth Venkataramanujam, both of whom also executive produce alongside Jim Margolis, Michelle Caputo, Shannon Hartman,  Jennie Church-Cooper, and Steve Bodow. With 40 episodes across six seasons, the show has won an Emmy, a Peabody Award, and two Webby Awards. In August 2020, Netflix canceled the series after six seasons. Legal action threatened by female producers for a hostile work environment were settled out of court.
Alberto Giorgetti
Alberto Giorgetti (born 8 September 1967 in Verona) is an Italian politician.

A former member of the Italian Social Movement, he joined National Alliance in 1995. Four times elected to the Chamber of Deputies (1996, 2001, 2006 and 2008), he has been regional leader of the National Alliance since 2001. He has been Under-Secretary of Economy and Finances in Berlusconi IV Cabinet since May 2008.

He is the younger brother of Massimo Giorgetti who is regional minister since 1995.

His run at the Chamber of Deputies ended in 2018.

1996 Italian general election
The 1996 Italian general election was held on 21 April 1996 to elect members of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate of the Republic. Romano Prodi, leader of the centre-left The Olive Tree, won the election, narrowly defeating Silvio Berlusconi, who led the centre-right Pole for Freedoms.

For the election, the Northern League of Umberto Bossi ran alone after having left the Berlusconi I Cabinet in 1994, causing a crisis which drove President Oscar Luigi Scalfaro to appoint a technocratic cabinet led by Lamberto Dini, which in turn lost its parliamentary support in 1995, forcing Scalfaro to dissolve the Italian Parliament. The Communist Refoundation Party, led by Fausto Bertinotti, made a pre-electoral alliance with The Olive Tree, presenting its own candidates, supported by Prodi's coalition, mainly in some safe leftist constituencies, in exchange for supporting Olive Tree candidates on the other ones, and ensuring external support for a Prodi government.
The New Automaton Theater
"The New Automaton Theater" is a short story by Steven Millhauser originally appearing in the magazine Canto (1981) and first collected in The Knife Thrower and Other Stories (1998) by Crown Publishers.

Crown Publishing Group
The Crown Publishing Group is a subsidiary of Penguin Random House that publishes across several fiction and non-fiction categories. Originally founded in 1933 as a remaindered books wholesaler called Outlet Book Company, the firm expanded into publishing original content in 1936 under the Crown name, and was acquired by Random House in 1988. Under Random House's ownership, the Crown Publishing Group was operated as an independent division until 2018, when it was merged with the rest of Random House's adult programs.
Letharia lupina
Letharia lupina is a species of lichen-forming fungus in the family Parmeliaceae. Commonly known as wolf lichen, it is a bright yellow-green, shrubby lichen that was split from Letharia vulpina in 2016 because, despite looking nearly identical, DNA evidence showed they are distinct lineages. It is widely distributed in western North America, where it grows on the wood and bark of conifers and other trees from valley floors to treeline. The thallus is rich in vulpinic acid, a toxic yellow pigment historically used in wolf baits in northern Europe. Outside North America, the species has also been recorded from Morocco and Switzerland.

Sensu
Sensu is a Latin word meaning "in the sense of". It is used in a number of fields including biology, geology, linguistics, semiotics, and law. Commonly it refers to how strictly or loosely an expression is used in describing any particular concept, but it also appears in expressions that indicate the convention or context of the usage.
Bill Perkins (politician)
William Morris Perkins (April 18, 1949 – May 16, 2023) was an American politician from the state of New York. A Democrat, he served in the New York City Council from the 9th district from 2017 to 2021. The district includes portions of Harlem in Manhattan. Perkins formerly represented the same seat from 1998 to 2005, and was a member of the New York State Senate for the 30th District from 2007 to 2017.

New York City's 9th City Council district
New York City's 9th City Council district is one of 51 districts in the New York City Council. It is currently represented by Democrat Yusef Salaam—best known for being one the Central Park Five—who took office in 2024.
God Bless You, Mr. Rosewater
God Bless You, Mr. Rosewater, or Pearls Before Swine, Kurt Vonnegut's fifth novel, was published on April 5, 1965, by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. A piece of postmodern satire, it gave context to Vonnegut's following novel, Slaughterhouse-Five, and shared in its success.

Holt McDougal
Holt McDougal is an American publishing company, a division of Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, that specializes in textbooks for use in high schools.

The Holt name is derived from that of U.S. publisher Henry Holt (1840–1926), co-founder of the earliest ancestor business, but Holt McDougal is distinct from contemporary Henry Holt and Company, which claims the history from 1866. The companies publish different kinds of books.
Lulu Craig
Lulu Mae Sadler Craig (1868–1972), sometimes called Lula, was an early homesteader of southern Colorado. She was a historian, educator, and civic leader. Her records of the Black settlements in Kansas and Colorado have been valuable documents in recording the history of homesteaders.

Exodusters
Exodusters was a name given to African Americans who migrated from states along the Mississippi River to Kansas in the late nineteenth century, as part of the Exoduster Movement or Exodus of 1879. It was the first general migration of black people following the Civil War and end of Reconstruction.

The movement received substantial organizational support from prominent figures, such as Benjamin Singleton of Tennessee, Philip D. Armour of Chicago, and Henry Adams of Louisiana. As many as 40,000 Exodusters left the South to settle in Kansas, Oklahoma and Colorado.
Celebrity Big Brother (British TV series) series 16
Celebrity Big Brother 16, also known as Celebrity Big Brother: UK vs USA, is the sixteenth series of the British reality television series Celebrity Big Brother, hosted by Emma Willis and narrated by Marcus Bentley. The series launched on 27 August 2015 on Channel 5 in the United Kingdom and TV3 in Ireland, and ended after 29 days on 24 September 2015. It is the ninth celebrity series and the fourteenth series of Big Brother overall to air on Channel 5. It was the only celebrity series to credit Denis O'Connor as creative director.

James Hill was named as the winner on 24 September.

Austin Armacost returned to the house for Celebrity Big Brother 19 as an All-Star, representing this series. He was second to be evicted.

Virgin Media One
Virgin Media One, also called Virgin One, is an Irish free-to-air television channel owned by Virgin Media Ireland (part of Liberty Global), operated through its subsidiary Virgin Media Television. The channel launched on 20 September 1998, as TV Three, becoming Ireland's fourth television channel and the first commercial channel. It was known as TV3 from 2006, and then as Virgin Media One from 30 August 2018. The channel broadcasts a mix of Irish programming and acquired programming from ITV and other networks.
Dance in Venezuela
Most of Venezuela's dances originated in the Caribbean and integrated African and European styles into indigenous culture. They include the national dance joropo, Venezuelan salsa, Venezuelan merengue, and the Baile de San Juan, also called tambor. One of the pioneers of contemporary dance in Venezuela was choreographer Sonia Sanoja who received the National Dance Award in 1998 for her artistic career and contributions Venezuelan dance. Other major figures include Irma Contreras, who founded the National Ballet of Venezuela with her sister Margot Contreras. Other well known figures who have helped popularize Venezuelan dance include Yolanda Moreno, who toured with her dancing troupe across the United States in 1962 and performed on the Ed Sullivan Show.

Fandango
Fandango is a lively partner dance originating in Portugal  and Spain, usually in triple meter, traditionally accompanied by guitars, castanets, tambourine or hand-clapping. Fandango can both be sung and danced. Sung fandango is usually bipartite: it has an instrumental introduction followed by "variaciones". Sung fandango usually follows the structure of "cante" that consist of four or five octosyllabic verses (coplas) or musical phrases (tercios). Occasionally, the first copla is repeated.

The meter of fandango is similar to that of the bolero and seguidilla. It was originally notated in 68 time, of slow tempo, mostly in the minor, with a trio in the major; sometimes, however, the whole was in a major key. Later it took the 3-4 tempo, and the characteristic Spanish rhythm.
Gates to Tomorrow
Gates to Tomorrow: An Introduction to Science Fiction is an anthology of science fiction short works edited by Andre Norton and Ernestine Donaldy. It was first published in hardcover by Atheneum Books in April 1973.

The book collects twelve novelettes and short stories by various authors, together with an introduction by the editors.

Atheneum Books
Atheneum Books is a New York City publishing house established in 1959 by Alfred A. Knopf Jr., Simon Michael Bessie and Hiram Haydn. Simon & Schuster has owned Atheneum properties since 1994, and it created Atheneum Books for Young Readers as an imprint for children's literature in the 2000s.
Philip Bale
Philip Bale (died 1559) was an Oxford college head in the 16th-century.

Bale was  educated at Exeter College, Oxford; and was Rector of Exeter College, Oxford, from 1521 to 1526. He held the living at St  Michael, Honiton and St Nicholas, Combe Raleigh. He left patristic works, and books of Bede, to the college.

Exeter College, Oxford
Exeter College (in full: The rector and Scholars of Exeter College in the University of Oxford) is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England, and the fourth-oldest college of the university.

The college was founded in 1314 by two brothers from Devon, Bishop Walter Stapledon and Sir Richard Stapledon, as an institution to educate clergy, and has been located on Turl Street since 1315. At its foundation Exeter was popular with sons of the Devon gentry, though it has since become associated with a much broader range of notable alumni, including Raymond Raikes, William Morris, J. R. R. Tolkien, Richard Burton, Roger Bannister, Alan Bennett, and Philip Pullman.
Dysfunctional (Tech N9ne song)
"Dysfunctional" is a song by American rapper Tech N9ne. It was released on April 28, 2009, as the thirteenth track from his eighth studio album Sickology 101. Produced by Matic Lee, it features fellow Strange Music labelmates Krizz Kaliko and Big Scoob.

Krizz Kaliko
Samuel William Christopher Watson (born March 7, 1974), better known by his stage name Krizz Kaliko, is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, and voice actor. He is a longtime collaborator with fellow hometown native Tech N9ne and was signed to Strange Music from its inception in 1999 up to forming his own label Ear House Inc. in 2021.
Naha Air Base
Naha Air Base (那覇基地, Naha Kichi), formally known as the Kōkū Jieitai Naha Kichi (航空自衛隊那覇基地), is an air base of the Japan Air Self-Defense Force formerly under control of the United States Air Force. It is located at Naha Airport on the Oroku Peninsula in Naha, Okinawa, Japan.

315th Air Division
The 315th Air Division is an inactive United States Air Force formation. Originally designated the 315th Bombardment Wing, it was activated in July 1944 at Peterson Field, Colorado as a command organization for four very heavy Boeing B-29 Superfortress bombardment groups. It supervised the 16th, 331st, 501st and 502nd Bombardment Groups in the Mariana Islands during the last stages of the Second World War. Its last assignment was with Pacific Air Forces, based at Tachikawa Air Base, Japan, where the division was inactivated in April 1969.
2010–11 UTEP Miners men's basketball team
The 2010–11 UTEP Miners men's basketball team represented the University of Texas at El Paso in the 2010–11 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Miners, led by head coach Tim Floyd, played their home games at the Don Haskins Center in El Paso, Texas, as members of Conference USA. The Miners finished in a tie for 2nd in Conference USA, eventually advancing to the championship game of the Conference USA tournament, where they were defeated by Memphis.

UTEP failed to qualify for the NCAA tournament, but were given an at-large bid to the 2011 NIT. The Miners were eliminated in the first round of the NIT by New Mexico, 69–57.

2010–11 Memphis Tigers men's basketball team
The 2010–11 Memphis Tigers men's basketball team represented the University of Memphis in the 2010–11 college basketball season, the 90th season of Tiger basketball. The Tigers were coached by head coach Josh Pastner (assisted by Glynn Cyprien, Jack Murphy, and Willis Wilson), and played their home games at the FedExForum in Memphis, Tennessee. They are members of Conference USA. They finished the season 25–10, 10–6 in C-USA play and won the 2011 Conference USA men's basketball tournament to earn an automatic bid in the 2011 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament where they lost in the second round to Arizona.
Queen of the Night (1931 Italian-language film)
Queen of the Night (Italian: La donna di una notte) is a 1931 French comedy film directed by Marcel L'Herbier, assisted by Amleto Palermi and Guido Brignone, and starring Francesca Bertini, Ruggero Ruggeri and Romano Calò. It was filmed in Germany as the Italian-language version of the French film La Femme d'une nuit, also directed by L'Herbier. In the early years of sound, it was common to remake films in different languages. A German-language version was released the same year, directed by Fritz Wendhausen.

The sets for the film were designed by the art directors Boris Bilinsky and Paolo Reni.

This was Bertini's first sound movie.

Marcel L'Herbier
Marcel L'Herbier (French: [lɛʁbje]; 23 April 1888 – 26 November 1979) was a French filmmaker who achieved prominence as an avant-garde theorist and imaginative practitioner with a series of silent films in the 1920s. His career as a director continued until the 1950s and he made more than 40 feature films in total. During the 1950s and 1960s, he worked on cultural programmes for French television. He also fulfilled many administrative roles in the French film industry, and he was the founder and the first President of the French film school Institut des hautes études cinématographiques (IDHEC).
Operating speed
The operating speed of a road is the speed at which motor vehicles generally operate on that road.

The precise definition of "operating speed", however, is open to debate.  Some sources, such as the AASHTO, have changed their definitions recently to match the common use of the word. In 1994, the AASHTO Green Book defined the operating speed as "the highest overall speed at which a driver can travel on a given highway
under favorable weather conditions and under prevailing traffic conditions without at any time exceeding the safe speed as determined by the design speed on a section-by-section basis," a definition which a majority of US states still use.  In July 2001, however, the AASHTO revised their definition for the new edition of the Green Book and defined it as "the speed at which drivers are observed operating their vehicles during free-flow conditions."

American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials
The American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) is a standards setting body which publishes specifications, test protocols, and guidelines that are used in highway design and construction throughout the United States. Despite its name, the association represents not only highways but air, rail, water, and public transportation as well.

Although AASHTO sets transportation standards and policy for the United States as a whole, AASHTO is not an agency of the federal government; rather it is an organization of the states themselves. Policies of AASHTO are not federal laws or policies, but rather are ways to coordinate state laws and policies in the field of transportation.
Resnova
Resnova is a genus of bulbous perennials in the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Scilloideae, tribe Hyacintheae, subtribe Massoniinae. Resnova species are native to South Africa (the Cape Provinces, KwaZulu-Natal, and the Northern Provinces).

Bulb
In botany, a bulb is a short underground stem with fleshy leaves or leaf bases that function as food storage organs during dormancy. In gardening, plants with other kinds of storage organ are also called ornamental bulbous plants or just bulbs.
Lester Peak
Lester Peak (79°49′S 83°42′W﻿ / ﻿79.817°S 83.700°W﻿ / -79.817; -83.700) is a prominent snow-free peak at the south side of Hyde Glacier 1 nautical mile (2 km) northeast of Buggisch Peak in the Edson Hills of the Heritage Range, Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica. It was mapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos from 1961 to 1966, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Lester A. Johnson, a meteorologist at Little America V Station in 1958.

Marie Byrd Land
Marie Byrd Land (MBL) is an unclaimed region of Antarctica. With an area of 1,610,000 km2 (620,000 sq mi), it is the largest unclaimed territory on Earth. It was named after the wife of American naval officer Richard E. Byrd, who explored the region in the early 20th century.

The territory lies in West Antarctica, east of the Ross Ice Shelf and the Ross Sea and south of the Pacific Ocean portion of the Antarctic or Southern Ocean, extending eastward approximately to a line between the head of the Ross Ice Shelf and Eights Coast. It stretches between 158°W and 103°24'W. The inclusion of the area between the Rockefeller Plateau and Eights Coast is based upon Byrd's exploration.
Elisabeth Grundtvig
Johanne Elisabeth Grundtvig (1856–1945) was a prominent Danish women's rights activist, parliamentary stenographer, leading member of the Danish Women's Society and editor of the organization's periodical Kvinden og Samfundet. In the 1880s, she was behind heated discussion on sexual morality calling for unmarried women to uphold their chastity.

Danish Women's Society
The Danish Women's Society or DWS (Danish: Dansk Kvindesamfund) is Denmark's oldest women's rights organization. It was founded in 1871 by activist Matilde Bajer and her husband Fredrik Bajer; Fredrik was a Member of Parliament and the 1908 Nobel Peace Prize laureate. The association stands for an inclusive, intersectional and progressive liberal feminism, and advocates for the rights of all women and girls and LGBT rights. It publishes the world's oldest women's magazine, Kvinden & Samfundet (Woman and Society), established in 1885. The Danish Women's Society is a member of the International Alliance of Women and is a sister association of the Norwegian Association for Women's Rights and the Icelandic Women's Rights Association.
Pan'kovo test range
The Pan'kovo test range is a missile launch site of the Russian Armed Forces. The site is located 170 km north of Rogachevo air base on Yuzhny Island of the Novaya Zemlya archipelago in the Arctic Ocean. Personnel can arrive at the test range via helicopters from the air base.

As of July 2025 the Pan'kovo test range has no port. Instead, in recent years a floating jetty has been placed at the shore during the summer and cargo from arriving ships is brought to shore by barges. One vessel that has delivered cargo to the test site is Rosatomflot's nuclear-powered cargo ship Sevmorput that can float out lighters with containers.

Yuzhny Island
Yuzhny Island (Russian: Южный остров, romanized: Yuzhniy ostrov, lit. 'southern island') is the southern island of Russia's Novaya Zemlya archipelago, lying north of mainland Russia. It has an area of 33,275 square kilometres (12,800 sq mi), which while smaller than the northern island of Severny, still makes it one of the largest islands in the world. It is separated from Severny Island by the narrow Matochkin Strait, which is covered with ice most of the year. West of Yuzhny Island lies the Barents Sea, to the north the Arctic Ocean, to the east the Kara Sea, and to the south the Pechora Sea.
Bohemia River State Park
Bohemia River State Park is a public recreation area along the north bank of Great Bohemia Creek, a tributary of the Bohemia River, in Cecil County, Maryland, United States. The state park's environmental mix includes agricultural fields, hardwood forests, marshes, beaches, tidal inlets, and open water. The park has five miles (8.0 km) of natural-surface, multi-use trails and is used for low-impact recreational activities including hiking, biking, wildlife viewing, fishing and hunting.

Cecil County, Maryland
Cecil County is located in the U.S. state of Maryland at the northeastern corner of the state, bordering both Pennsylvania and Delaware. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 103,725. The county seat is Elkton. The county is part of the Mid-Eastern Shore region of the state.

The county was named for Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore (1605–1675), the first Proprietary Governor of the Province (colony) of Maryland. With the eastern part of the county closer to Philadelphia than Baltimore, it is part of the Philadelphia–Camden–Wilmington, PA–NJ–DE–MD Metropolitan Statistical Area. The county is located in Wilmington's Radio Market and Baltimore's Designated Market Area.
The Song of the Women
"The Song of the Women" is an 1888 poem by Indian-born English writer Rudyard Kipling, published in Indian newspaper The Pioneer on 17 April and shortly thereafter in other papers. It was written in support of Lady Dufferin’s Fund, which provided medical aid to Indian women denied access to male doctors.

It was originally published with a prose heading quoting from an address "of the women of Utterpara" to Lady Dufferin. In the poem, the women of India ponder about how to express their gratitude, asking the wind to send Lady Dufferin their blessings and thanks.

The Pioneer (India)
The Pioneer is an English-language daily newspaper in India.
It is published from multiple locations in India, including Delhi. It is the second-oldest English-language newspaper in India still in circulation after The Times of India. In 2010, The Pioneer launched its Hindi version in Lucknow.
María Luisa Bonet
María Luisa Bonet Carbonell is a Spanish computer scientist interested in logic in computer science, including proof complexity and algorithms for the maximum satisfiability problem. She is a professor of computer science at the Polytechnic University of Catalonia.

Artificial Intelligence (journal)
Artificial Intelligence is a scientific journal on artificial intelligence research. It was established in 1970 and is published by Elsevier. The journal is abstracted and indexed in Scopus and Science Citation Index. The 2024 Impact Factor for this journal is 4.6 and the CiteScore for 2021-2024 is 15.0