hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Pit-Prop Syndicate
The Pit-Prop Syndicate is a 1922 thriller novel by Freeman Wills Crofts, one of the leading figures of the Golden Age of Detective Fiction. It was one of several stand-alone novels Crofts wrote following his successful debut The Cask, before creating the character of Inspector French who debuted  in Inspector French's Greatest Case (1924).

Golden Age of Detective Fiction
The Golden Age of Detective Fiction was an era of classic murder mystery novels of similar patterns and styles, predominantly in the 1920s and 1930s. While the Golden Age proper is usually taken to refer to works from that period, this type of fiction has been written since at least 1911 and is still being written.

In his history of the detective story, Bloody Murder: From the Detective Story to the Crime Novel, the author Julian Symons heads two chapters devoted to the Golden Age as "the Twenties" and "the Thirties". Symons notes that Philip Van Doren Stern's article, "The Case of the Corpse in the Blind Alley" (1941), "could serve ... as an obituary for the Golden Age." Authors Agatha Christie, Dorothy L. Sayers, Margery Allingham, and Ngaio Marsh have been collectively called the Queens of Crime.
Rachel Feinstein (artist)
Rachel Feinstein (born May 25, 1971) is an American artist who specializes in sculpture. She is best known for baroque, fantasy-inspired sculptures like "The Snow Queen", which was drawn from a Hans Christian Andersen fairy tale. There have been over two dozen group and solo showings of her work in the United States, Europe and Asia. She is married to painter John Currin. In 2011 the New York Times described them as "the ruling power couple in today's art world."

Gagosian Gallery
Gagosian Gallery is a modern and contemporary art gallery owned and directed by Larry Gagosian. The gallery exhibits some of the most well-known artists of the 20th and 21st centuries. As of 2024, Gagosian employs 300 people at 19 exhibition spaces – including New York City, London, Paris, Basel, Beverly Hills, San Francisco, Rome, Athens, Geneva, and Hong Kong – designed by architects such as Caruso St John, Richard Gluckman, Richard Meier, Jean Nouvel, and Annabelle Selldorf.

In 2011, a survey of art dealers by The Wall Street Journal estimated that Gagosian Gallery had annual sales of about $1 billion. In May 2011 alone, half the works for evening sale by major auction houses in New York City were by artists represented by the gallery.
2016–17 Kuwaiti Premier League
The season started with 2 new teams Burgan SC and Al-Tadhamon SC.

Kuwait SC narrowly won the title by edging out rivals Al Qadsia with a 2-1 win over Al Salmiya clinched in injury time, just moments after Al Qadsia's final league match.

Al-Salmiya SC
Al-Salmiya Sporting Club (Arabic: نادي السالمية الرياضي) is a Kuwaiti professional football club in Salmiya. They have won the Kuwaiti Premier League four times, most recently in 2000. They were founded in 1964 and the club covers a total area of 94 thousand square metres comprising ten sports: football, volleyball, table tennis, tennis, squash, fencing, judo, taekwondo, karate and athletics.
Domain-specific architecture
A domain-specific architecture (DSA) is a programmable computer architecture specifically tailored to operate very efficiently within the confines of a given application domain. The term is often used in contrast to general-purpose architectures, such as CPUs, that are designed to operate on any computer program.

Pixel 4
The Pixel 4 and Pixel 4 XL are a pair of Android smartphones designed, developed, and marketed by Google as part of the Google Pixel product line. They collectively serve as the successors to the Pixel 3 and Pixel 3 XL. They were officially announced on October 15, 2019 at the Made by Google event and released in the United States on October 24, 2019. On September 30, 2020, they were succeeded by the Pixel 5.
Hesperilla trimaculata
Hesperilla trimaculata, the three spot skipper, is a butterfly of the family Hesperiidae. It is found in Australia.

The wingspan is about 35 mm.

The larvae feed on Lepidosperma angustatum, Lepidosperma carphoides, Lepidosperma concavum, Lepidosperma viscidum and Phlebocarya ciliata.

Lepidosperma viscidum
Lepidosperma viscidum, the sticky saw sedge,  is a grass-like plant found in south eastern Australia. Usually seen in heath and woodland on sandy and rocky sites, it may grow to 60 centimetres high. This is one of the many plants first published by Robert Brown with the type known as "(M.) v.v." appearing in his Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae et Insulae Van Diemen in 1810. The specific epithet viscidum is derived from the Latin with a meaning of "sticky", which refers to the sticky resin from the base and margins of the leaves and stem margins. On drying, the resin turns a red colour.
English cricket team in Pakistan in 2005–06
The England cricket team toured Pakistan from October to December 2005. England  were looking to maintain the form that had taken them to second place in the ICC Test Championship, and to victory in the 2005 Ashes series at home to Australia, but they suffered a sharp reversal of fortune, losing the Test series 2–0 to Pakistan. Pakistan also won the one day series by 3–2. This would be England's last tour of Pakistan until 2022.

Asim Kamal
Asim Kamal (born 31 May 1976) is a Pakistani former cricketer who played for the Pakistan national cricket team between 2003 and 2005.

He scored 99 against South Africa on his Test debut. Kamal has played 12 Tests (20 innings) since his debut. Kamal has made 87 against Australia, and a 91, and 73 against India. Kamal has scored 8 half-centuries. He has also taken 10 catches.
Christopher Guinness
Christopher Guinness  (born 22 November 1981) is an animator and art director from Trinidad and Tobago. Graduating from Sheridan College in Ontario, Canada, he is a multi-award winner in the Caribbean advertising and animation circuit.

American Advertising Federation
The American Advertising Federation (AAF) is the nation's oldest national advertising industry trade association. It is headquartered in Washington, D.C. AAF has 15 district operations, each located in and representing a different region of the nation.
Emile Severeyns
Emile Severeyns (28 August 1931 – 30 November 1979) was a Belgian road and track cyclist. Professional from 1953 to 1971, he won 26 six-day races. He also competed in the 1954 Giro d'Italia and the 1956 Vuelta a España.

Six Days of Montreal
The Six Days of Montreal was a six-day track cycling race held annually in the Montreal Forum, Canada, from 1929 to 1942 and from 1963 to 1980.

37 editions were organized during these two periods. William Peden holds the record for most victories with 7.
Bulacan's 4th congressional district
Bulacan's 4th congressional district is one of the seven congressional districts of the Philippines in the province of Bulacan. It has been represented in the House of Representatives since 1987. The district consists of the city of Meycauayan and adjacent municipalities in southern Bulacan, namely Marilao and Obando. It also consisted the city of San Jose del Monte until 2004 and the municipality of Santa Maria until 2022. It is currently represented in the 20th Congress by Linabelle Villarica of the Partido Federal ng Pilipinas (PFP).

20th Congress of the Philippines
The 20th Congress of the Philippines (Filipino: Ikadalawampung Kongreso ng Pilipinas), composed of the Philippine Senate and House of Representatives, is the current meeting of Congress convened on July 28, 2025. The 20th Congress is the meeting during the last three years of Bongbong Marcos's presidency, and will end on June 7, 2028. The convening of the 20th Congress followed the 2025 general elections, which replaced half of the Senate membership and the entire membership of the House of Representatives.

The House of Representatives continues to meet in the Batasang Pambansa Complex. The Senate will remain meeting in the GSIS Building before transferring to the New Senate Building in Taguig by 2028.
Conrad William Eden
Conrad William Eden, TD (1905–1995) was an English cathedral organist, who served in Wells Cathedral and Durham Cathedral.

He was born in 1905 in Alton, Hampshire, and was a chorister at Wells Cathedral. He won a scholarship to Rugby School, another to the Royal College of Music and an exhibition which took him to St John's College, Oxford, as college organist. A short period as organist of St. Philip and St. James and director of music at the Dragon School, Oxford, ended with a fractured skull. After his recovery he went as assistant organist at Wells Cathedral where in 1933 he was appointed organist and master of the choristers. In 1936, he moved to Durham Cathedral.

Assistant organist of:

Wells Cathedral 1927–1933

Organist of:

Wells Cathedral 1933–1936

Durham Cathedral 1936–1974

Rugby School
Rugby School is a private boarding school for pupils aged 13–18, located in the town of Rugby, Warwickshire in England.

Founded in 1567 as a free grammar school for local boys, it is one of the oldest independent schools in Britain. Up to 1667, the school remained in comparative obscurity. Its re-establishment by Thomas Arnold during his time as Headmaster, from 1828 to 1841, was seen as the forerunner of the Victorian public school. It was one of nine schools investigated by the Clarendon Commission of 1864 and later regulated as one of the seven schools included in the Public Schools Act 1868. Originally a boys' school, it became fully co-educational in 1992.

The school's alumni – or "Old Rugbeians" – include a UK prime minister, a French prime minister, several bishops, poets, scientists, writers and soldiers.

Rugby School is the birthplace of rugby football.
Fascine
A fascine (pronounced /fəˈsiːn/) is a rough bundle of brushwood or other material used for strengthening an earthen structure, or making a path across uneven or wet terrain. Typical uses are protecting the banks of streams from erosion (a fascine mattress), covering marshland, or providing ground improvement in a manner similar to that of modern geotextiles.

In war they have often been used to help armies – in modern times, especially tanks and other vehicles – cross trenches, valleys, marshes, muddy or uneven terrain, etc.

Geotextile
Geotextiles are versatile permeable fabrics that, when used in conjunction with soil, can effectively perform multiple functions, including separation, filtration, reinforcement, protection, and drainage. Typically crafted from polypropylene or polyester, geotextile fabrics are available in two primary forms: woven, which resembles traditional mail bag sacking, and nonwoven, which resembles felt.

Geotextile composites have been introduced and products such as geogrids and meshes have been developed. Geotextiles are durable and are able to soften a fall. Overall, these materials are referred to as geosynthetics and each configuration—geonets, geosynthetic clay liners, geogrids, geotextile tubes, and others—can yield benefits in geotechnical and environmental engineering design.
Gunsight Lake
Gunsight Lake is located in Glacier National Park, in the U.S. state of Montana. The lake is surrounded by high peaks including Fusillade Mountain to the north and Gunsight Mountain to the west. Mount Jackson rises more than 4,700 feet (1,400 m) above Gunsight Lake to the south.

Gunsight Mountain (Montana)
Gunsight Mountain (9,263 feet (2,823 m)) is located in the Lewis Range, Glacier National Park in the U.S. state of Montana. Gunsight Mountain is named after the adjacent Gunsight Pass, which was named by George Bird Grinnell in 1891.
Quantum depolarizing channel
A quantum depolarizing channel is a model for quantum noise in quantum systems. The -dimensional depolarizing channel can be viewed as a completely positive trace-preserving map , depending on one parameter , which maps a state  onto a linear combination of itself and the maximally mixed state,

The condition of complete positivity requires  to satisfy the bounds

Linear combination
In mathematics, a linear combination or superposition is an expression constructed from a set of terms by multiplying each term by a constant and adding the results (e.g. a linear combination of x and y would be any expression of the form ax + by, where a and b are constants). The concept of linear combinations is central to linear algebra and related fields of mathematics. Most of this article deals with linear combinations in the context of a vector space over a field, with some generalizations given at the end of the article.
Ittifaq Party
The Party of Tatar National Independence Ittifaq is a political party founded in the Tatar ASSR in April, 1990, and officially registered on January 3, 1992. Ittifaq was the first non-communist party in Tatarstan. It is commonly referred to as a Tatar nationalist party.  It was named in honour of Ittifaq al-Muslimin, a pre-revolutionary Muslim political party represented in the Duma in Tsarist Russia.

The aims, as claimed by the party, are:

revival of the Tatar nation

restoring Tatar statehood

recognition of the Tatar state as an international entity.

The permanent leader of the Ittifaq party is Fauziya Bayramova. She has been leading the party for more than 20 years. The party published its own newspaper - Altyn Urda - from 1993 to 1998.

Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
The Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, abbreviated as Tatar ASSR or TASSR, was an autonomous republic of the Russian SFSR. The resolution for its creation was signed on 27 May 1920 and the republic was proclaimed on 25 June 1920. Kazan served as its capital.

The territory of the TASSR was a part of Kazan, Simbirsk, and Ufa Governorates (or gubernias) of the Imperial Russia before the October Revolution of 1917.

27 May 1920: Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic

30 August 1990: Tatar Soviet Socialist Republic

16 May 1992: Republic of Tatarstan
Gus Malone
Gordon "Gus" Malone (born 27 January 1960), is a Scottish retired footballer who played as a midfielder in the Scottish League for Cowdenbeath and Brechin City. He later served as assistant manager at St Andrews United until May 2014.

St Andrews United F.C.
St Andrews United Football Club is a Scottish football club based in St Andrews, Fife. Founded in 1921, their home ground is The Clayton Caravan Park Recreation Ground. The team colours are black shirts with black shorts and black socks. The team plays in the East of Scotland League Premier Division, having moved from the junior leagues in 2018.

The club's greatest achievement was winning the Scottish Junior Cup in season 1959–60, defeating Greenock Juniors 3–1 in front of 34,603 fans at Hampden Park. The club has enjoyed sporadic success since.

The team has been managed by former Dundee, Raith Rovers, and Arbroath defender Robbie Raeside since May 2022. He is joined by Gary Wright, formerly of Dunfermline Athletic coaching team, since the more recent departure assistant manager of Steven Fallon to Forfar Athletic in December 2022 now fast forward to 2025 the team are currently managed by former professional Scottish defender Greg Shields.
Partial permutation
In combinatorial mathematics, a partial permutation, or sequence without repetition, on a finite set S
is a bijection between two specified subsets of S. That is, it is defined by two subsets U and V of equal size, and a one-to-one mapping from U to V. Equivalently, it is a partial function on S that can be extended to a permutation.

Finite set
In mathematics, a finite set is a collection of finitely many different things; the things are called elements or members of the set and are typically mathematical objects, such as numbers, symbols, points in space, lines, other geometric shapes, variables, or other sets.

Informally, a finite set is a set which one could in principle count and finish counting.  For example,

is a finite set with five elements. The number of elements of a finite set is a natural number (possibly zero) and is called the cardinality (or the cardinal number) of the set. A set that is not a finite set is called an infinite set. For example, the set 

of all positive integers is infinite.

Finite sets are particularly important in combinatorics, the mathematical study of counting. Many arguments involving finite sets rely on the pigeonhole principle, which states that there cannot exist an injective function from a larger finite set to a smaller finite set.
Big Brother Africa season 7
Big Brother Africa 7 (also known as Big Brother Africa: StarGame!) was the seventh season of the Big Brother Africa reality television series produced by Endemol for M-Net. It began on 6 May 2012, and ran for 91 days ending on 5 August 2012. Ikponmwosa "IK" Osakioduwa came back to host the show for the fourth time in a row. The first episode had live performances from American rapper J. Cole, Kenyan hip hop group Camp Mulla, Nigerian musicians P-Square, Naeto C, Flavour and Davido, and South African artist Aemo E'Face in the opening ceremony. On Thursday, 14 February 2013; Goldie died at the age of 29 after returning from the Grammy Awards. She is the first Big Brother Africa ex-housemate to die.

Naeto C
Naetochukwu Chikwe Listenⓘ, stage name Naeto C, is a Nigerian rapper, Afrobeat artist and record producer. He rose to prominence with the track 'Kini Big Deal' which is credited for changing the Nigerian hip hop sound. Known for his catchy hooks and smooth flow, he is regarded as one of the most influential Nigerian rappers.

He has won several awards some of which are the HHWA best hip hop single 2009, Soundcity best male video 2009, Best new act at the MTV MAMA’s award 2008. He also won 3 Channel O Awards, The Headies and many others.
Ray Kelly (rugby league)
Ray Kelly was an Australian rugby league footballer who played as a five-eighth in the 1950s. He played for Newtown in the New South Wales Rugby League (NSWRL) competition.  He was the brother of Harold Kelly who also played for Newtown in the 1950s.

Newtown Jets
The Newtown Jets are a rugby league football club based in Marrickville, a suburb of Sydney's inner west. They currently compete in the NSW Cup competition, having left the top grade after the 1983 NSWRFL season. The Jets' home ground is Henson Park, and their team colours are blue (traditionally royal blue) and white.

Established in 1908, Newtown were one of the founding members of the New South Wales Rugby Football League. They competed continuously in the NSWRFL premiership until their departure in 1983, the first reduction in the League since 1937. Over this period they won the competition three times.
Raymond Le Fèvre
Raymond James Wood Le Fèvre (1 April 1905 - 26 August 1986) was professor of chemistry at the University of Sydney from 1946 until his retirement in 1970. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Australian Chemical Institute in 1946, a Foundation Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science in 1954, and a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1959. The University of Sydney awarded him an honorary D.Sc. in 1985.

Le Fèvre was born in London, and studied chemistry at Queen Mary College, University of London (B.Sc., 1925; M.Sc., 1927; Ph.D., 1929; D.Sc., 1935) where he was a lecturer (1928–38) and reader (1938–46). He married in 1931, his wife also being a chemistry researcher who became a D.Sc. in 1960. From 1941 to 1944 he spent World War II as an RAF officer in Malaya, Australia and New Guinea before returning to England. He and his family migrated to Sydney in 1946 where he took up an appointment as professor of chemistry at the University of Sydney.

Royal Australian Chemical Institute
Royal Australian Chemical Institute (RACI) is one of the peak professional bodies for the chemical sciences in Australia. Established in 1917 and granted a Royal Charter in 1932, RACI promotes excellence in the chemical sciences through education, advocacy, professional development, and community engagement.
Mali (album)
Mali is the eighteenth studio album by South African singer Brenda Fassie, Released on June 7, 2003, by
CCP Records. Brenda Fassie produced the album alongside Sello "Chicco" Twala. Additional artists who contributed vocals to the album include Freddie Gwala.

Primarily a Kwaito album, Mali encompasses a variety of genres, including Afropop, RNB, gospel.

CCP Records
CCP Records (originally an acronym for Clive Calder Production) is a South African music entertainment company founded by Clive Calder and Ralph Simon. It is a production company. They envisioned the company while working for EMI South Africa in 1972. CCP Records was distributed by EMI Records South Africa. EMI purchased the company in that same year (the company is a wholly owned subsidiary of Universal Music Group since 2013 after buying most of EMI).

The company is the home to artists, musicians and recording producers such as Brenda Fassie, Sello Chicco Twala, Mara Louw, Pappa And Blonde, Steve Kekana, Camagwini, Mandoza, Mzekezeke, Dj Bongz, Brenda and the Big Dudes and Ringo Madlingosi.
2016 iHeartRadio MuchMusic Video Awards
The 2016 iHeartRadio Much Music Video Awards (commonly referred to as the iHeartRadio MMVAs) were held on June 19, 2016 outside 299 Queen Street West in Toronto, Ontario, and hosted by Gigi Hadid.

The 2016 edition was co-branded with iHeartRadio, an online radio service with no Canadian terrestrial presence; earlier in the year, sister division Bell Media Radio had reached a licensing agreement to operate a Canadian version of the service owned by U.S. radio conglomerate iHeartMedia. The co-branding was meant to "further elevate the MMVAs internationally" as part of efforts to bring Bell-owned content into the U.S. via iHeartRadio.

During the broadcast several artists paused to acknowledge the Orlando nightclub shooting that had taken place a week earlier, including singer Nick Jonas who dedicated his award to those involved.

Pulse nightclub shooting
On June 12, 2016, 29-year-old Omar Mateen shot and killed 49 people and wounded 58 more in a mass shooting at Pulse, a gay nightclub in Orlando, Florida, United States. Pulse was hosting a "Latin Night", and most of the victims were of Latino descent.

In a 911 call made shortly after the shooting began, Mateen swore allegiance to the leader of ISIS, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, and said the U.S. killing of Abu Waheeb in Iraq the previous month "triggered" the shooting. He later told a negotiator he was "out here right now" because of the American-led interventions in Iraq and in Syria and that the negotiator should tell the United States to stop the bombing. The incident was deemed a terrorist attack by FBI investigators.

Orlando Police officers fatally shot Mateen after a three-hour standoff. The shooting was the deadliest terrorist attack in the United States since the September 11 attacks, and the deadliest mass shooting in modern U.S. history until the 2017 Las Vegas shooting.
J-Zone
Jay Mumford (born Jarrett A. Mumford; February 26, 1977), known by his former stage name J-Zone, is an American record producer, drummer, multi-instrumentalist, former rapper, and writer from New York City.

Manzel (band)
Manzel was an American instrumental funk band from Lexington, Kentucky], which formed in 1973 and disbanded in 1978. They consisted of Manzel Bush (keyboards), John Larry Van Dyke (guitar) and Steve Garner (drums). In 1976, they recorded some sessions at Counterpart Creative Studios in Cincinnati, Ohio, which resulted in the songs "Space Funk", "Jump Street", "Midnight Theme" and "Sugar Dreams". The first two were released in 1977, and the latter two were released in 1979. While very obscure, Manzel have been widely sampled by hip hop musicians, including J Dilla, De La Soul, Cypress Hill, Ghostface Killah, Eric B. & Rakim and Ultramagnetic MCs. "Space Funk" was also sampled by Grandmaster Flash in the late 1970s.