hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
La Brújula Semanal (Managua)
La Bújula Semanal was a free weekly periodical published in Nicaragua's capital, Managua since November 2008. It is mostly distributed in University campuses and semi-public spaces such as malls, supermarkets and cafés, with an alleged circulation of 7,000 copies per week.

Typically, La Brújula carries a brief summary of local and international news, a cover story with a little bit of in-depth reporting, and short pieces on science, technology, local tourism and lifestyle (usually translated and adapted from the international press). The printed edition also devotes plenty of space to free time and leisure activities, with an emphasis on identifying noteworthy movies on the local Cable TV system.

It appears to be the first Nicaraguan paper published under a Creative Commons license.

The last edition of the newspaper was No. 186, published between July 12 and July 18, 2012.

Managua
Managua (Spanish pronunciation: [maˈnaɣwa]) is the capital and largest city of Nicaragua, and one of the largest cities in Central America. Located on the shores of Lake Managua, the city had an estimated population of 1,055,247 as of 2020, and a population of 1,401,687 in its metropolitan area. The city also serves as the seat of Managua Department.

Founded in 1819, Managua became the national capital in 1852. The city underwent a rapid expansion and urbanization between 1842 and 1930, leading it to become one of the most developed cities in Central America. Several earthquakes have affected the city's growth, especially the 1931 earthquake and the 1972 earthquake, but the city has been rebuilt several times. Today, the city is a major economic hub for both the country and Central America.
Nordstromia argenticeps
Nordstromia argenticeps is a moth in the family Drepanidae. It was described by Warren in 1922. It is found in the Khasi Hills of north-eastern India and in Nepal.

Adults are similar to Nordstromia sumatrana, except for the shape of the postmedial fascia which is weakly sigmoid.

The larvae feed on Rubus species.

Rubus
Rubus is a large and diverse genus of flowering plants in the rose family, Rosaceae, subfamily Rosoideae, most commonly known as brambles. Fruits of various species are known as raspberries, blackberries, dewberries, and bristleberries. It is a diverse genus, with the estimated number of Rubus species varying from 250 to over 1000, found across all continents except Antarctica.

Most of these plants have woody stems with prickles like roses; spines, bristles, and gland-tipped hairs are also common in the genus. The Rubus fruit, sometimes called a bramble fruit, is an aggregate of drupelets. The term cane fruit or cane berry applies to any Rubus species or hybrid which is commonly grown with supports such as wires or canes, including raspberries, blackberries, and hybrids such as loganberry, boysenberry, marionberry and tayberry. The stems of such plants are also referred to as canes.
EciRGB
eciRGB is one of the standard RGB color spaces. It is recommended by the ECI (European Color Initiative) as a working color space for professional image editing and covers virtually all printing processes as well as all common display techniques. This fulfilled the requirements for a particular color-correct production in the graphics industry. The corresponding ICC profile for inclusion in image editing programs or for the calibration of the monitor can be obtained free of charge from the ECI website.

Image editing
Image editing  encompasses the processes of altering images, whether they are digital photographs, traditional photo-chemical photographs, or illustrations. Traditional analog image editing is known as photo retouching, using tools such as an airbrush to modify photographs or edit illustrations with any traditional art medium. Graphic software programs, which can be broadly grouped into vector graphics editors, raster graphics editors, and 3D modelers, are the primary tools with which a user may manipulate, enhance, and transform images. Many image editing programs are also used to render or create computer art from scratch. The term "image editing" usually refers only to the editing of 2D images, not 3D ones.
Archdiocese of Kingston, Ontario
The Archdiocese of Kingston (Latin: Archidioecesis Kingstoniensis/Regiopolitana) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical jurisdiction or archdiocese of the Catholic Church in Canada that includes part of the federal Province of Ontario in southeastern Canada.

Its cathedral is St. Mary's Cathedral, dedicated to the Immaculate Conception, in Kingston, Ontario.

St. Mary's Cathedral (Kingston, Ontario)
St. Mary's Cathedral (or its full name Cathedral of Saint Mary of the Immaculate Conception) in Kingston, Ontario, Canada is a Roman Catholic cathedral. It is one of three churches located within 600m along Clergy Street (the others are Chalmers United Church, and St. Andrew's Presbyterian Church). It is one of two cathedrals in Kingston, the other being the Anglican St. George's Cathedral on King Street.
Oheneba Boachie-Adjei
Oheneba Boachie-Adjei (born 16 December 1950) is a Ghanaian orthopaedic surgeon. He specializes in spinal reconstruction and the treatment of kyphosis and scoliosis. He is professor of orthopaedic surgery at Weill Cornell Medical College in New York City, in the United States, and is an attending orthopaedic surgeon at Hospital for Special Surgery, at New York-Presbyterian Hospital and at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, all in New York City. From 1972 to 1976 he studied at Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York, in the United States, where he completed a BS degree summa cum laude. He then studied medicine at the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons.

Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK or MSKCC) is a cancer treatment and research institution in Manhattan in New York City. MSKCC is one of 72 National Cancer Institute–designated Comprehensive Cancer Centers. Its main campus is located at 1275 York Avenue between 67th and 68th Streets in Manhattan.

It was formed in 1980 from the merger of the Memorial Hospital for the Treatment of Cancer and Allied Diseases, founded in 1884, and the adjacent Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, founded in 1945. The two medical entities had formally coordinated their operations since 1960.
Speed skating at the 2025 Junior Pan American Games
The speed skating events at the 2025 Junior Pan American Games were held at the National Skating Centre, located in the Olympic Park in Luque, in the Greater Asuncion area. The events were contested between August 18 and 20, 2025.

Ten events were contested, five for men and five for women. The 1 lap and 10,000 points race events were dropped while the 5,000 m points event was added for the 2025 games. The winner of each event, except the 5000 m points event, qualified for the 2027 Pan American Games in Lima, Peru.

Inline speed skating
Roller speed skating is the roller sport of racing on inline skates. The sport may also be called inline racing or speed skating by participants. Although it primarily evolved from racing on traditional roller skates, the sport is similar enough to ice speed skating that many competitors are known to switch between inline and ice speed skating according to the season.
Manor, Scottish Borders
Manor is a parish in  Peeblesshire in the Scottish Borders, whose church lies on the west bank of Manor Water 3 miles south-west of Peebles.

The parish consists of the valley of Manor Water, a tributary of the River Tweed and extends about 9 miles north to south and about 3 miles wide. It is bound on the north-east by Peebles, on the south by Yarrow (Selkirkshire), on the south-west by Drumelzier and on the west and north-west by Stobo.

The name was originally Manner but this has been gradually supplanted by the form Manor.

The present church building, which lies at the north end of the valley,  was erected in 1874, but the bell rung before every service, is inscribed 'In honore Santi Gordiani MCCCCLXXVIII' and is one of the oldest bells in Scotland. There is also a Pewter baptismal basin inscribed 'Manner Kirk 1703'.

The civil parish of Manor is in the Manor, Stobo and Lyne Community Council area.

The civil parish has a population of 149 (in 2011)  and its area is 16,628 acres.

River Tweed
The River Tweed, or Tweed Water (Scottish Gaelic: Uisge Thuaidh /ɯʃgʲə huəj/) is a river 97 miles (156 km) long that flows east across the Border region in Scotland and northern England.  Tweed cloth derives its name from its association with the River Tweed. The Tweed is one of the great salmon rivers of Britain and the only river in England where an Environment Agency rod licence is not required for angling. The river generates a large income for the local borders region, attracting anglers from all around the world.
Wei Hsueh-kang
Wei Hsueh-kang, also known by various other names, is a Chinese-born fugitive wanted by the United States and Thailand for trafficking drugs in New York and Southeast Asia's Golden Triangle. After eluding the Thai authorities in 1988, he started several business ventures with the wealth he had accumulated from his crimes. He has since become a major business tycoon in neighbouring Myanmar. He is also a regional commander of the United Wa State Army, the armed forces of the self-governing Wa State of Myanmar.

Wa State
Wa State is a de facto independent state and de jure self-governing region in Myanmar that has its own political system, administrative divisions and army. While the Wa State government recognises Myanmar's sovereignty over all of its territory, this does not include allegiance to any specific government. The 2008 Constitution of Myanmar officially recognises the northern part of Wa State as the Wa Self-Administered Division of Shan State. It is run as a de facto communist state ruled by the United Wa State Party (UWSP), which split from the Communist Party of Burma (CPB) in 1989. Wa State is divided into three counties, two special districts, and one economic development zone. The administrative capital is Pangkham, formerly known as Pangsang. The name Wa is derived from the Wa ethnic group, who speak an Austroasiatic language.
Hillary Bor
Hillary Bor (born November 22, 1989) is a Kenyan-born American track and field athlete. He qualified for the 2016 Olympics by finishing in second place in the 3000 meters steeplechase at the 2016 United States Olympic Trials.

3000 metres steeplechase
The 3000 metres steeplechase or 3000-meter steeplechase (usually abbreviated as 3000mSC) is the most common distance for the steeplechase in track and field. It is an obstacle race over the distance of the 3000 metres, which derives its name from the horse racing steeplechase.
2014 Ukrainian Super Cup
The 2014 Ukrainian Super Cup became the eleventh edition of Ukrainian Super Cup, an annual football match contested by the winners of the previous season's Ukrainian Top League and Ukrainian Cup competitions.

The match was played at the Arena Lviv, Lviv, on 22 July 2014, and contested by league winner Shakhtar Donetsk and cup winner Dynamo Kyiv. Shakhtar won it 2–0.

Arena Lviv
Arena Lviv (Ukrainian: Арена Львів) is a football stadium in Lviv, Ukraine. It was one of the eight UEFA Euro 2012 venues, where it hosted three of the group-stage games.  According to the official plans, the stadium has a total seating capacity of 34,915. Both clubs FC Lviv and Rukh Lviv use the stadium for home games. Due to the Russo-Ukrainian War, the stadium is used by Shakhtar Donetsk since 2014.
Sun Zi's Tactics
Sun Zi's Tactics (Chinese: 孫子攻略) is a historical manhua series by Lee Chi Ching, published in Hong Kong and Japan. In 2007, the series was named winner of Japan's first International Manga Award. It is based on the life of Chinese general and philosopher Sun Tzu (aka Sun Zi).

Manhua
Manhua (traditional Chinese: 漫畫; simplified Chinese: 漫画; pinyin: mànhuà) are Chinese-language comics produced in Greater China. Chinese comics and narrated illustrations have existed in China throughout its history.

They are usually graphic and can be written for a myriad of genres, including romance, fantasy, historical, thrillers, paranormal, and horror. The narratives are varied but often include tropes and plots common to Asian culture and settings.

The first major manhua magazine, Shanghai Sketch, first published in 1928. During the early 20th century, political manhua  were printed as propaganda during times of political upheaval. At the start of the 21st century, Chinese cartoonists began to publish manhua through social media and microblogging websites.
Cariole
A cariole (also spelled carriole) was a type of carriage used in the 18th and the 19th century. It was a light, small, two- or four-wheeled vehicle, open or covered, drawn by a single horse. The term is also used for a light covered cart or a dog-drawn toboggan. The name is French, derived from the Latin carrus, vehicle.

Cart
A cart is a two-wheeled vehicle designed for transport. It can be pulled by humans or draught animals such as horses, donkeys, mules and oxen, or smaller animals such as goats and large dogs.

The word cart is often used incorrectly to indicate four-wheeled horse-drawn vehicles. Over time, the word "cart" has expanded to mean nearly any small conveyance without regard to number of wheels, load carried, or means of propulsion. The word car has often been modified to cart through colloquialization. For example, several small sport and hobby cars carry "cart" in their name such as pedal carts (manually pedaled), soap-box carts (gravity run), and go-carts (gas engine). Similarly, golf cars are more commonly known as golf carts.

A cartwright is a builder of carts, and a carter is the person operating a horse and cart for haulage. The surname "Carter" derives from the occupation.
Priory Church, El Puerto de Santa María
The Priory Church (Spanish: Iglesia Mayor Prioral) is a minor basilica church in El Puerto de Santa María, province of Cádiz, Spain. It is documented from 1486 when the building was under construction.  It was damaged by an earthquake in the 17th century and was partly rebuilt in the Baroque style.  As a result of being constructed in two phases, the church contains both Gothic and Baroque architecture, exemplified in its portals.

It was declared Bien de Interés Cultural (a category in the Spanish heritage register) in 1982.

Province of Cádiz
Cádiz is a province of southern Spain, in the southwestern part of the autonomous community of Andalusia. It is the southernmost part of mainland Spain, as well as the southernmost part of continental Europe.

It is bordered by the Spanish provinces of Huelva, Seville, and Málaga, as well as the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea, the Strait of Gibraltar and the British overseas territory of Gibraltar. Its area is 7,385 square kilometres (2,851 sq mi).

Its capital is the city of Cádiz, which has a population of 114,244. As of 2021, the largest city is Jerez de la Frontera with 212,801 inhabitants. Algeciras, which surpassed Cádiz with 122,982 inhabitants, is the second most populous city. The entire province had a population of 1,245,960 (as of 2021), of whom about 600,000 live in the Bay of Cádiz area (including Jerez), making it the third most populous province in Andalusia. Its population density is 167.93 per square kilometre.
BODE index
The BODE index, for Body-mass index, airflow Obstruction, Dyspnea, and Exercise, is a multidimensional scoring system and capacity index used to test patients who have been diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and to predict long-term outcomes for them. The index uses the four factors to predict risk of death from the disease.

The BODE index will result in a score of zero to ten dependent upon FEV1 or "forced expiratory volume in one second" (the greatest volume of air that can be breathed out in the first second of a breath), body-mass index, the distance walked in six minutes, and the modified MRC dyspnea scale. Significant weight loss is a bad sign. Results of spirometry are also good predictors of the future progress of the disease, but they are not as good as the test results of the BODE index.

Functional Capacity Index
The Functional Capacity Index (FCI) is a measure of a person's level of function for the following 12 months after sustaining some form of illness or injury. The FCI incorporates ten physical functions and gives each a numerical value on a scale of 0 to 100, with 100 representing no limitations on a person's everyday function.
Small Form Factor Special Interest Group
The Small Form Factor Special Interest Group (SFF-SIG, pronounced ess-eff-eff-sig) is an international non-profit standards body focused on modular computer hardware technologies used in embedded and small form factor computers and controllers. Members are mainly computer board and component manufacturers. The group was founded in 2007 and had a web site until early 2020.

Computer hardware
Computer hardware includes the physical parts of a computer, such as the central processing unit (CPU), random-access memory (RAM), motherboard, computer data storage, graphics card, sound card, and computer case. It includes external devices such as a monitor, mouse, keyboard, and speakers.

By contrast, software is a set of written  instructions that can be stored and run by hardware. Hardware derived its name from the fact it is hard or rigid with respect to changes, whereas software is soft because it is easy to change.

Hardware is typically directed by the software to execute any command or instruction. A combination of hardware and software forms a usable computing system, although other systems exist with only hardware.
Nelson Strait (South Shetland Islands)
Nelson Strait is the 9 km long and 9.8 km wide strait lying between Robert Island and Nelson Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica.  The strait was explored by early 19th century sealers and first charted by Nathaniel Palmer in 1821.  While it had a variety of different names in the past (‘Harmony Strait’, ‘King George’s Strait’, ‘Parry’s Straits’, Davis's Straits’, ‘Détroit de Clothier’ etc.), the present name — probably taken from the adjacent Nelson Island — has become well established in international usage.

Robert Island
Robert Island or Mitchells Island or Polotsk Island or Roberts Island is an island 11 miles (18 km) long and 8 miles (13 km) wide, situated between Nelson Island and Greenwich Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Robert Island is located at 62°24′S 59°30′W﻿ / ﻿62.400°S 59.500°W﻿ / -62.400; -59.500. Its surface area is 132 km2 (51 sq mi). The name "Robert Island" dates back to around 1821 and is now established in international usage.

Much of the Coppermine Peninsula in the west of the island is made up by a perched strandflat surface that was at sea level in the past.

Captain Richard Fildes may have named Robert Island for his brig Robert. Fildes was sealing in the South Shetlands in 1821–1822 until ice destroyed his vessel in March 1822. Fildes Strait is named for him.
Medical University of Silesia
The Medical University of Silesia (Polish: Śląski Uniwersytet Medyczny) is a university located in Katowice, Poland.

The university has 10,218 students and a teaching staff of 1201, including 295 professors.  There are five faculties: Medicine, Dentistry, Pharmacy, Public Health, Health Sciences (includes degrees in nursing, physical therapy, dietetics).  The English divisions in the Faculties of Medicine and Dentistry have 517 and 57 students, respectively.

Nurse education
Nurse education consists of the theoretical and practical training provided to nurses with the purpose to prepare them for their duties as nursing care professionals.  This education is provided to student nurses by experienced nurses and other medical professionals who have qualified or experienced for educational tasks, traditionally in a type of professional school known as a nursing school or college of nursing. Most countries offer nurse education courses that can be relevant to general nursing or to specialized areas including mental health nursing, pediatric nursing, and post-operative nursing.  Nurse education also provides post-qualification courses in specialist subjects within nursing.

A nursing student can be enrolled in a program that leads to a diploma, an associate degree, or a Bachelor of Science in nursing.
Monte Aloia
Monte Aloia is a summit in the mountains of Galicia, Spain, which was declared a natural park on 4 December 1978. The park covers an area of 746 hectares and is located within the municipality of Tui, a town on the River Miño.

Nature park
A nature park, or sometimes natural park, is a designation for a protected area by means of long-term land planning, sustainable resource management and limitation of agricultural and real estate developments. These valuable landscapes are preserved in their present ecological state and promoted for ecotourism purposes.

In most countries nature parks are subject to legally regulated protection, which is part of their conservation laws.

In terms of level of protection, a category "Nature Park" is not the same as a "National Park", which is defined by the IUCN and its World Commission on Protected Areas as a category II protected area. 
A "Nature Park" designation, depending on local specifics, falls between category III and category VI according to IUCN categorization, in most cases closer to category VI.
However some nature parks have later been turned into national parks.
Nagata's conjecture
In algebra, Nagata's conjecture states that Nagata's automorphism of the polynomial ring k[x,y,z] is wild. The conjecture was proposed by Nagata (1972) and proved by Ualbai U. Umirbaev and Ivan P. Shestakov (2004).

Nagata's automorphism is given by

where .

For the inverse, let 
Then  and .
With this  and .

Inverse function
In mathematics, the inverse function of a function f (also called the inverse of f) is a function that undoes the operation of f. The inverse of f exists if and only if f is bijective, and if it exists, is denoted by

For a function , its inverse  admits an explicit description:  it sends each element  to the unique element  such that f(x) = y.

As an example, consider the real-valued function of a real variable given by f(x) = 5x − 7. One can think of f as the function which multiplies its input by 5 then subtracts 7 from the result. To undo this, one adds 7 to the input, then divides the result by 5. Therefore, the inverse of f is the function  defined by
Zygosphene-zygantrum articulation
The zygosphene-zygantrum articulation is an accessory joint between vertebrae found in several lepidosauromorph reptiles. This pivot joint consists of a forward-facing, wedge-shaped process called the zygosphene, that fits in a depression on the rearside of the next vertebrae, called the zygantrum. The zygosphene sits between the prezygapophysis in the neural arch, whereas the zygantrum sits between the postzygapophysis.

This joint is found in snakes, lacertids, teiids, Gymnophthalmids as well as in some iguanids and cordylids. It is also found in several fossil groups such as plesiosaurians, nothosaurians and pachypleurosaurians. It is absent in today's Monitor lizard (Varanus), but occurs in fossil Varanids.

The zygosphene-zygantrum joint's function is to stabilize the vertebral column. While it permits horizontal and vertical movements of the vertebral column, it prevents rotations of the single vertebrae against each other.

Pivot joint
In animal anatomy, a pivot joint (trochoid joint, rotary joint or lateral ginglymus) is a type of synovial joint whose movement axis is parallel to the long axis of the proximal bone, which typically has a convex articular surface.

According to one classification system, a pivot joint like the other synovial joint—the hinge joint has one degree of freedom. Note that the degrees of freedom of a joint is not the same as a joint's range of motion.