hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nadim Gemayel
Nadim Bachir Gemayel (Arabic: نديم الجميل, born 1 May 1982) is a Lebanese politician and member of the Lebanese parliament since 2009. He is a member of the Kataeb party that was founded by his grandfather Pierre Gemayel and is the son of the assassinated president-elect Bachir Gemayel.

Assassination of Bachir Gemayel
On 14 September 1982, a bomb was detonated during a meeting of the right-wing Kataeb Party (also known as the Phalanges) in the Beirut neighbourhood of Achrafieh. Militia commander and Lebanese president-elect Bashir Gemayel and 23 other Kataeb Party politicians were killed in the attack.

The attack was carried out by Habib Shartouni and allegedly planned by Nabil Alam, both members of the Syrian Social Nationalist Party (SSNP). Both men were believed to have acted on instructions of the Syrian government led by president Hafez al-Assad. The next day, the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) moved to occupy the city, allowing members of the Lebanese Forces militia under the command of Elie Hobeika to enter the centrally located Sabra neighborhood and adjoining Shatila refugee camp. Militia members then massacred between 1,300 and 3,500 civilians, mostly Palestinians and Lebanese Shia Muslims, causing an international uproar.
The Freedom Fighter's Manual
The Freedom Fighter's Manual is a fifteen-page propaganda booklet that was manufactured by the United States Central Intelligence Agency and airdropped over Nicaragua in 1983, with the stated goal of providing a "Practical guide to liberating Nicaragua from oppression and misery by paralyzing the military-industrial complex of the traitorous marxist state". The manual explains several methods by which the average citizen could cause civil disorder. A Contra fighter gave the manual to a U.S. reporter in Honduras in 1984.

Military–industrial complex
The expression military–industrial complex (MIC) describes the relationship between a country's military and the defense industry that supplies it, seen together as a vested interest which influences public policy. A driving factor behind the relationship between the military and the defense corporations is that both sides benefit—one side from obtaining weapons, and the other from being paid to supply them.

The term is most often used in reference to the system behind the armed forces of the United States, where the relationship is most prevalent due to close links among defense contractors, the Department of Defense, and politicians. The expression gained popularity after a warning of the relationship's harmful effects, in the farewell address of U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1961. The term has also been used in relation to Russia, especially since its 2022 invasion of Ukraine.
Pokomsze
Pokomsze [pɔˈkɔmʂɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szypliszki, within Suwałki County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland, close to the border with Lithuania.

According to the 1921 census, the village had a population of 93, entirely Polish by nationality and Roman Catholic by confession.

Suwałki County
Suwałki County (Polish: powiat suwalski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Podlaskie Voivodeship, north-eastern Poland, on the Lithuanian border. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Suwałki, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county); there are no towns within the county.

The county covers an area of 1,307.31 square kilometres (504.8 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 35,689. It includes the protected area known as Suwałki Landscape Park.
Korsakovsky District, Sakhalin Oblast
Korsakovsky District (Russian: Корса́ковский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion) of Sakhalin Oblast, Russia; one of the seventeen in the oblast. Municipally, it is incorporated as Korsakovsky Urban Okrug. It is located in the southeast of the oblast. The area of the district is 2,623.6 square kilometers (1,013.0 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Korsakov. Population (excluding the administrative center):  7,885 (2010 census); 8,684 (2002 census); 10,501 (1989 Soviet census).

Sakhalin Oblast
Sakhalin Oblast (Russian: Сахали́нская о́бласть, romanized: Sakhalinskaya oblastʹ, IPA: [səxɐˈlʲinskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast) comprising the island of Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands in the Russian Far East. The oblast has an area of 87,100 square kilometers (33,600 sq mi). Its administrative center and largest city is Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk. As of the 2021 Census, the oblast has a population of 466,609.

The vast majority of the oblast's residents are ethnic Russians, with a small minority of Sakhalin Koreans. Sakhalin Oblast is rich in natural gas and oil, and is Russia's second wealthiest federal subject after the Tyumen Oblast. It borders by sea Khabarovsk Krai to the west and Kamchatka Krai to the north, along with Hokkaido, Japan to the south.
Ballyneety
Ballyneety (Irish: Baile an Fhaoitigh, meaning 'Town of An Faoiteach, from the surname de Faoite') is a village in County Limerick, Ireland, located approximately 10 km from Limerick city.

The village has an 18-hole golf course, petrol station, several takeaway restaurants, a pub, a post office, a garden centre, a car dealership, a credit union, a Garda station, and a funeral home.

County Limerick
County Limerick (Irish: Contae Luimnigh) is a western county in Ireland. It is in the province of Munster and is located in the Mid-West which comprises part of the Southern Region. It is named after the city of Limerick. Limerick City and County Council is the local council for the county. The county's population at the 2022 census was 209,536 of whom 102,287 lived in Limerick City, the county capital.
Kongsberg District Court
Kongsberg District Court (Norwegian: Kongsberg tingrett) was a district court in Buskerud county, Norway. The court was based in Kongsberg. The court existed until 2016. It had jurisdiction over the municipalities of Flesberg, Kongsberg, Nore og Uvdal, and Rollag. Cases from this court could be appealed to Borgarting Court of Appeal.

The court was a court of first instance. Its judicial duties were mainly to settle criminal cases and to resolve civil litigation as well as bankruptcy. The administration and registration tasks of the court included death registration, issuing certain certificates, performing duties of a notary public, and officiating civil wedding ceremonies. Cases from this court were heard by a combination of professional judges and lay judges.

Rollag
Rollag is a municipality in Buskerud county, Norway.  It is part of the traditional region of Numedal.  The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Rollag, although the most populated area in the municipality is Veggli.  Rollag is bordered in the north by Nore og Uvdal, in the east by Sigdal, in the south by Flesberg, and in the west by Tinn in Telemark.
Narcisse Lecavalier
Narcisse Lecavalier (July 3, 1827 – April 30, 1892) was a notary and political figure in Quebec. He represented Jacques-Cartier from 1867 to 1882 as a Conservative member.

He was born in Saint-Laurent, Lower Canada, the son of Guillaume Lecavalier and Marie-Louise Groulx. Lecavalier studied theology at the Séminaire de Sainte-Thérèse. In 1853, he qualified as a notary and set up practice in Saint-Laurent. He married Marie-Émilie Grevier in 1856. Over the years, Lecavalier was secretary-treasurer for the municipal councils and for the school boards of Saint-Laurent, Notre-Dame-de-Grâce and Côte-des-Neiges. He resigned his seat in the Quebec assembly after he was named registrar for the counties of Hochelaga and Jacques-Cartier in 1882. He died at Saint-Laurent at the age of 64.

Conservative Party of Quebec (historical)
The Conservative Party of Quebec (French: Parti conservateur du Québec) was a political party in Quebec, Canada, from 1867 until 1936, when it merged with members of the Action libérale nationale to form the Union Nationale.
Jan Heřman
Jan Heřman (born February 16, 1984) is a Czech professional ice hockey player. He played with HC Plzeň in the Czech Extraliga during the 2010–11 season.

Heřman previously played for HC Sareza Ostrava, HC Berounští Medvědi, SK Horácká Slavia Třebíč, and HC Slovan Ústečtí Lvi.

HC Škoda Plzeň
HC Škoda Plzeň is a professional ice hockey team based in Plzeň, Czech Republic and was founded in 1929. They currently play in the Czech Extraliga, with their home games being held at Logspeed CZ Arena. In 2013, for the first time in history, HC Plzeň were the Czech Extraliga champions after beating Zlín 4:3 in the seventh game of the dramatic final.
Fano, Gijón
Fano is a parish of the municipality of Gijón / Xixón, in Asturias, Spain. In 2012, its population was 220. Located in the south-east of the municipality, Fano is a rural area which borders the municipality of Siero in the south, and with the district of Valdornón in the east.

Toponym comes from Latin Fanum, a kind of temples ancient Romans built in pre-Roman cults sacred places. A Benedictine monastery existed in Fano from 12th to 17th centuries. Its front romanesque façade is nowadays part of the San Juan Evangelista de Fano church.

Siero
Siero is a municipality of the autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain. With a population of 52,194 as of 2023, Siero is the fourth most populous municipality in Asturias. It has a total of 29 parishes, with the largest being Lugones; its capital parish is La Pola Siero. It is located centrally within Asturias, and the northernmost point of Siero is about 10 km from Asturias' largest city, Gijón, and the shores of the Cantabrian Sea.
Marc Seriff
Marc S. Seriff (born May 5, 1948 in Austin, Texas) is best known as the CTO and co-founder of America Online, along with Jim Kimsey (CEO), Steve Case, and William von Meister (as Control Video Corporation).

Chief technology officer
A chief technology officer (CTO), chief technical officer, or chief technologist is a corporate officer tasked with managing technical operations of an organization. They oversee and supervise research and development and serve as a technical advisor to a higher executive such as a chief executive officer.

A CTO is very similar to a chief information officer (CIO). CTOs will make decisions for the overarching technology infrastructure that closely align with the organization's goals, while CIOs work alongside the organization's information technology ("IT") staff members to perform everyday operations. The attributes of the roles a CTO holds vary from one company to another, mainly depending on their organizational structure.
Sanna Fast
Sanna Fasth (born 1 August 1998) is a  Swedish orienteering competitor who competes internationally. She was awarded the silver medal in the middle distance at the 2025 World Orienteering Championships.

Fasth's hometown is Boxholm, where she grew up, competing for the local club Boxholm-Mjölby OL. She has worked towards a degree in medical studies. She joined Eksjö OK after leaving Boxholm-Mjölby, and now lives and works in Gothenburg where she competes for IFK Goteborg.

IFK Göteborg (sports club)
Idrottsföreningen Kamraterna Göteborg, commonly known as IFK Göteborg, is a Swedish multisports club located in Gothenburg. It was established on 4 October 1904, and today functions as an alliance association (Swedish: Alliansförening) for seven separate clubs competing in different sports. The club is best known for its professional football team, one of the most successful in the Nordic countries.
The Other Truth
The Other Truth is a 2011 Hong Kong television legal drama serial produced by Amy Wong and TVB. The drama centers on a group of young barristers and solicitors working in Clayton Hau Chamber and Wallace Cheuk & Co. Solicitors, two fictional law firms in Central, Hong Kong. The Other Truth focuses on ambiguous criminal and civil cases with disputable truths, highlighting the lawyers' strive for impartiality and blind justice.

The drama is Hong Kong's sixth highest-rating serial drama of 2011, and received five top five nominations at the 2011 TVB Anniversary Awards, including Best Drama,  Best Supporting Actress (Aimee Chan, Natalie Tong, Helen Ma), and My Favourite Male Character (Ruco Chan).

TVB Anniversary Award for Most Popular Male Character
The TVB Anniversary Award for Most Popular Male Character is one of the TVB Anniversary Awards presented annually by Television Broadcasts Limited (TVB) to recognize an actor who has delivered a popular performance in a Hong Kong television drama role throughout the designated year. The My Favourite Male Television Role (我最喜愛的電視男角色) was not introduced to the awards ceremony until 2006, nine years after its establishment. In 2013, the name was changed to Most Popular Male Television Role (最受歡迎電視男角色).

The original equivalent of the award was called My Favourite Television Roles of the Year (本年度我最喜愛的電視角色), which was created in 2003. The award was given to 12 winners for both actors and actresses. In 2006, the award was divided into two separate gender categories and reduced to one specific winner.
Solar eclipse of June 29, 1946
A partial solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Saturday, June 29, 1946, with a magnitude of 0.1802. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A partial solar eclipse occurs in the polar regions of the Earth when the center of the Moon's shadow misses the Earth.

This was the third of four partial solar eclipses in 1946, with the others occurring on January 3, May 30, and November 23.

A partial eclipse was visible for parts of Northern Europe, Greenland, and Canada.

Northern Europe
The northern region of Europe has several definitions. A restrictive definition may describe northern Europe as being roughly north of the southern coast of the Baltic Sea, which is about 54°N, or may be based on other geographical factors such as climate and ecology.
Ferdinand Joachimsthal
Ferdinand Joachimsthal was a German mathematician.

He was born on March 9, 1818, at Goldberg (Złotoryja), Silesia and died on April 5, 1861, at Breslau (Wrocław). In the year of his graduation (Ph.D., Berlin, 1842) he was appointed teacher at a Realschule in Berlin, and in 1846 was admitted to the philosophical faculty of the university as privatdozent. In 1856, he was appointed professor of mathematics at Halle, and in 1858 at Breslau.

Joachimsthal, who was Jewish, contributed essays to Crelle's Journal, 1846, 1850, 1854, 1861, and to Olry Terquem's Nouvelles Annales de Mathématiques.

He is known for Joachimsthal's Equation and Joachimsthal Notation , both associated with conic sections.

Real school
Real school (German: Realschule, pronounced [ʁeˈaːlʃuːlə] ⓘ) is a type of secondary school in Germany, Switzerland and Liechtenstein. It has also existed in Croatia (realna gimnazija), the Austrian Empire, the German Empire, Denmark and Norway (realskole), Sweden (realskola), Estonia (reaalkool), Finland (reaalikoulu), Hungary (reáliskola), Latvia (reālskola), Slovenia (realka), Serbia (realna gimnazija/realka), and the Russian Empire (реальное училище), including partitioned Poland (szkoła realna).
Horary astrology
Horary astrology is an ancient branch of horoscopic astrology in which an astrologer attempts to answer a question by constructing a horoscope for the exact time at which the question was received and understood by the astrologer.

The answer to the horary question might be a simple yes or no, but is generally more complex with insights into, for example, the motives of the questioners, the motives of others involved in the matter, and the options available to them.

Essential dignity
Essential dignity, in the context of an astrological horoscope or natal chart, refers to the relative “strength” or “weakness” of a planet based on its zodiac sign and specific degree. This strength or weakness is referred to as the planet’s essence—what the 17th-century astrologer William Lilly called "the strength, fortitude or debility of the Planets [or] significators."
Swan River First Nation
The Swan River First Nation (Cree: ᐚᐱᓯᐤ ᓰᐱᐩ, wâpisiw-sîpiy) is a Woodland Cree First Nations band government in northern Alberta. Located on the south-central shore of Lesser Slave Lake near Kinuso, it controls two Indian reserves, Swan River 150E and Assineau River 150F.

Swan River is one of the original signatories to Treaty 8 in 1899.

Kinuso
Kinuso (Cree: ᑭᓄᓭᐤ, kinosêw) is a hamlet in northern Alberta, Canada within Big Lakes County, and surrounded by the Swan River First Nation reserve. It is located approximately 48 kilometres (30 mi) west of Slave Lake and 71 km east of High Prairie along Highway 2, south of the southern shore of Lesser Slave Lake.

The name Kinuso comes from the Cree word kinosêw 'fish'.

Kinuso was incorporated as a village until it dissolved on September 1, 2009.
History of rail transport in Mauritius
The history of rail transport in Mauritius began in the 1860s. The Mauritian rail network was quickly built and it soon provided service to most of the island. It was a key factor in the social-economic development of Mauritius during its period of operation.  However, due to persistent unprofitability from 1948 to 1953, it was closed in 1964. In 2019, the Metro Express light rail system opened, bringing rail passenger traffic back to Mauritius.

Beau Bassin-Rose Hill
Beau Bassin-Rose Hill (or Beau-Bassin Rose-Hill; Mauritian Creole pronunciation: [bobasɛ̃ ʁozil] ⓘ; French: Villes sœurs) is a town in Mauritius, located in the Plaines Wilhems District. It is administered by the Municipal Council of Beau Bassin-Rose Hill and has a population of 147,066 inhabitants, making it the third largest city on the island.
William Atheling Jr. Award
The William Atheling Jr. Award for Criticism or Review are a Special Category under the Ditmar Awards. "The Athelings", as they are known for short, are awarded for excellence in science fiction and speculative criticism, and were named for the pseudonym used by James Blish for his critical writing.

James Blish
James Benjamin "Jimmy" Blish (May 23, 1921 – July 30, 1975) was an American science fiction and fantasy writer. He is best known for his Cities in Flight novels and his series of Star Trek novelizations written with his wife, J. A. Lawrence. His novel A Case of Conscience won the Hugo Award. He is credited with creating the term "gas giant" to refer to large planetary bodies.

His first published stories appeared in Super Science Stories and Amazing Stories.

Blish wrote literary criticism of science fiction using the pen name William Atheling Jr. His other pen names included Donald Laverty, John MacDougal, and Arthur Lloyd Merlyn.
Dmytro Udovychenko
Dmytro Udovychenko (Ukrainian: Дмитро Удовиченко; born 1 June 1999) is a Ukrainian classical violinist who won the 2023 Montreal International Musical Competition and the 2024 Queen Elisabeth Competition.

Kronberg Academy
The Kronberg Academy is a private music school for string instrumentalists based in Kronberg im Taunus, Germany. Founded in 1993 by Raimund Trenkler, the academy trains a select group of young musicians who have the potential to build international careers as soloists and chamber musicians.

Initially, the focus of the Kronberg Academy was to train and support young cellists, but has since branched out into the piano, violin and viola disciplines. It also organizes a diverse range of projects, competitions, masterclasses and concerts. Kronberg Academy was granted charitable status in 2004.
McDougald–McLendon Arena
McDougald–McLendon Arena is a 3,500-seat multi-purpose arena in Durham, North Carolina. Opened in 1950, it is home to the North Carolina Central University Eagles basketball and volleyball teams.

The arena is named for NCCU alumnus and civic leader Richard L. McDougald and former coach John McLendon. McDougald was instrumental in helping blacks achieve home ownership in Durham in the mid-20th century, while McLendon helped organize "The Secret Game" between then named North Carolina College and Duke University Medical School in 1944, which was the first fully integrated college basketball game.

John McLendon
John B. McLendon Jr. (April 5, 1915 – October 8, 1999) was an American basketball coach who is recognized as the first African American basketball coach at a predominantly white university and the first African American head coach in any professional sport.  He was a major contributor to the development of modern basketball and coached on both the college and professional levels during his career.  He has been enshrined three times in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame, and also inducted into the National Collegiate Basketball Hall of Fame.
Nature Studies (manuscript)
Nature Studies is an album or codex containing 170 drawings dating principally from the 16th century made by various artists. The drawings are naturalistic depictions of plants, birds, animals, insects, fish and landscape vedute. The album was compiled in the beginning of the 17th century and was originally in the collection of the Holy Roman Emperor Rudolf II. It is currently in the collection of the National Library of Austria in Vienna.

Hans Verhagen de Stomme
Hans Verhagen de Stomme or Hans Verhagen der Stomme (alternative spelling family name: Verhaghen) (c. 1540-1545 in Mechelen – c. 1600 in Antwerp) was a Flemish painter and draftsman whose exact drawings of animals were influential on other artists who regularly copied them.
1990 DieHard 500
The 1990 DieHard 500 was the 17th stock car race of the 1990 NASCAR Winston Cup Series season and the 22nd iteration of the event. The race was held on Sunday, July 29, 1990, before an audience of 70,000 in Lincoln, Alabama at Talladega Superspeedway, a 2.66 miles (4.28 km) permanent triangle-shaped superspeedway. The race took the scheduled 188 laps to complete. At race's end, Richard Childress Racing driver Dale Earnhardt dominated a majority of the race, leading 134 laps in the race to take his 45th career NASCAR Winston Cup Series victory and his sixth victory of the season. To fill out the top three, Melling Racing driver Bill Elliott and Hagan Racing driver Sterling Marlin would finish second and third, respectively.

Hagan Enterprises
Hagan Enterprises (also known as Hagan Racing) was a NASCAR team that operated from 1969; 1975–1994. It was owned by owner/driver Billy Hagan. The team is best known for winning the 1984 NASCAR Winston Cup Series championship with Terry Labonte.
Peter Zaťko (wheelchair curler)
Peter Zaťko (born 10 August 1983 in Topoľčany) is a Slovak wheelchair curler.

He participated at the 2018 Winter Paralympics, where Slovak team finished in ninth place, and at the 2022 Winter Paralympics, where Slovak team finished fourth.

Wheelchair curling at the 2018 Winter Paralympics
The wheelchair curling competition of the 2018 Winter Paralympics was held from 10 to 17 March 2018 at the Gangneung Gymnasium in Gangneung, South Korea. For the first time, twelve mixed teams will compete at the Winter Paralympics.
Centrolene savagei
Centrolene savagei is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae that is endemic to the Andes of western Colombia, specifically the Cordillera Occidental and Cordillera Central. Its common name is Savage's Cochran frog.

Cordillera Central (Colombia)
The Cordillera Central (English: Central Ranges) is the highest of the three branches of the Colombian Andes. The range extends from south to north dividing from the Colombian Massif in Cauca Department to the Serranía de San Lucas in Bolívar Departments. The highest peak is Nevado del Huila at 5,364 m (17,598 ft).

Significant graphite resources exist in Cordillera Central in the form of graphite-bearing schists.