hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Atyrau Regional Mäslihat
The Atyrau Regional Mäslihat (Kazakh: Атырау облыстық мәслихаты, romanized: Atyrau oblystyq mäslihaty) is a local unicameral legislature of the Atyrau Region where it convenes in Atyrau. Founded in 1993, it currently consists of 32 members of three parties in which the Nur Otan (NO) has a supermajority of and is currently led by Secretary Älibek Näutiev (NO). The Regional Mäslihat functions as a branch in passing measures based on Kazakh laws in the region.

Party-list proportional representation
Party-list proportional representation (list-PR) is a system of proportional representation based on preregistered political parties, with each party being allocated a certain number of seats  roughly proportional to their share of the vote.

In these systems, parties provide lists of candidates to be elected, or candidates may declare their affiliation with a political party (in some open-list systems). Seats are distributed by election authorities to each party, in proportion to the number of votes the party receives. Voters may cast votes for parties, as in Spain, Turkey, and Israel (closed lists); or for candidates whose vote totals are pooled together to determine the share of representation of their respective parties, as in Finland, Brazil, and the Netherlands (mixed single vote or panachage).
Woodlawn (Garrison, New York)
Woodlawn is a former estate house overlooking the Hudson River in Garrison, New York, United States. It was designed in the mid-19th century by Richard Upjohn, who resided in the area for the last years of his life.

Later on it became the Malcolm Gordon School, and it is currently the headquarters of the Hastings Center, a prominent bioethics research institution. In 1982 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Hastings Center for Bioethics
The Hastings Center for Bioethics is an independent, nonpartisan bioethics research institute in Garrison, New York.

Its mission is to address ethical issues in health care, science, and technology. Through its projects and publications and its public engagement, the Center aims to influence the ideas of health policy-makers, regulators, health care professionals, lawyers, journalists, educators, and students.

The Center is funded by grants and private donations. It was known as The Hastings Center before 2025.
Jordan Taylor (American football)
Jordan Neel Taylor (born February 18, 1992) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Rice Owls and signed as an undrafted free agent with the Denver Broncos in 2015. Taylor won Super Bowl 50 with the Broncos, beating the Carolina Panthers 24–10.

Rice Owls football
The Rice Owls football program represents Rice University in the sport of American football. The team competes at the NCAA Division I FBS level and compete in the American Athletic Conference. Rice Stadium, built in 1950, hosts the Owls' home football games. Rice has the second-smallest undergraduate enrollment of any FBS member, ahead of only Tulsa.
Claire Sumner
Claire Sumner (born 10 March 1995) is a Canadian long-distance runner. She competed in the senior women's race at the 2019 IAAF World Cross Country Championships held in Aarhus, Denmark. She finished in 66th place.

In 2017, she competed in the senior women's race at the 2017 IAAF World Cross Country Championships held in Kampala, Uganda. She finished in 51st place. A few months later, she competed in the women's 10,000 metres event at the 2017 Summer Universiade held in Taipei, Taiwan. She finished in 8th place.

2017 IAAF World Cross Country Championships
The 2017 IAAF World Cross Country Championships was hosted in the city of Kampala, Uganda's capital. This 42nd edition was held on 26 March 2017. The venue was Kampala Airport, commonly known as Kololo airstrip, or officially, the Kololo Ceremonial Grounds. A few modifications were made to make the track challenging.
Frantz Gumbs
Frantz Gumbs (born 21 January 1954) is a French Saint Martinois politician from La République En Marche! and Saint-Martinois Rally. He is Member of Parliament for Saint-Barthélemy and Saint-Martin's 1st constituency after defeating Republicans MP Claire Guion-Firmin in the 2022 French legislative election.

Saint-Martinois Rally
The Saint-Martinois Rally (French: Rassemblement Saint-Martinois, RSM), formerly Movement for Justice and Prosperity (French: Mouvement pour la justice et la prospérité, MJP) from 2016 to 2021 and Movement for the Advancement of the People (French: Mouvement pour l'avancement du peuple, MAP) until 2016, is a Saint-Martinois political party, previously close to the Socialist Party until 2021 and now affiliated with the Democrats parliamentary group (part of the centrist Ensemble alliance).
Kene (Naga wrestling)
Kene (/kɛnɛ/ kɛ-nɛ) or Naga wrestling is a folk wrestling style and traditional sport of the Nagas. The objective of the sport is to bring any part of the opponent's body above the knee to the ground.

Kene is played by the Tenyi–mi ethnic group of the Nagas—Angami, Chakhesang and Zeliangrong of Nagaland & Mao, Maram and Poumai of Manipur.

Each wrestler wears a coloured cloth tied around the waist. Holding the opponent's waist-binder with both hands, the wrestler must attempt to topple the other onto the ground.

Maram people
The Maram people, also known as the Maram Naga, are a Tibeto-Burmese Naga ethnic group inhabiting the large portion of Senapati district in the Northeast Indian state of Manipur.
They use Meitei language as their second language (L2) according to the Ethnologue.
Som Ock Southiponh
Som Ock Southiphonh (Lao: ສົມອົກ ສຸດທິຜົນ, Thai: สมอก สุดทิพน) is a Laotian film director, screenwriter and film producer. Trained in Czechoslovakia, his films include Red Lotus, which was made in 1988 and is the last feature film made in Laos until more recent productions like Sabaidee Luang Prabang or Chanthaly. Since then, Som Ock has run a bakery in Vientiane to supplement his income while he tries to independently produce films.

Chanthaly
Chanthaly (Lao: ຈັນທະລີ) is a 2012 Lao horror film directed by Mattie Do and written by Christopher Larsen. It is the first horror film to be written and directed entirely in Laos and the first Lao feature film directed by a woman. Chanthaly was screened at the 2012 Luang Prabang Film Festival and the 2013 Fantastic Fest. Pop singer Amphaiphun Phimmapunya stars as Chanthaly, alongside Douangmany Soliphanh and Soukchinda Duangkhamchan.
Carl Söderlund
Carl Söderlund (born 3 June 1997) is a Swedish tennis player.

Söderlund reached a career high ATP singles ranking of 387 achieved on 8 May 2017. In the ATP doubles ranking he reached a career high of 1303 achieved on 10 October 2016. Söderlund won 3 ITF Futures titles on the ITF Men's Circuit.

Söderlund made his ATP main draw debut at the 2016 Swedish Open, where he received a wildcard into the singles main draw. He faced fellow wildcard and compatriot Fred Simonsson in the first round.

ITF Men's World Tennis Tour
The ITF Men's World Tennis Tour (formerly ITF Men's Circuit) is a series of professional tennis tournaments held around the world that are organized by the International Tennis Federation (ITF).  The tour represents the lowest rung of the men's professional tennis ladder.  ITF tournaments are incorporated into the ATP rankings, enabling young professionals to progress on to the ATP Challenger Tour and ultimately the full ATP Tour.  Nearly every professional male player has spent some time on the ITF Men's World Tennis Tour.
Foxsons Mill, Staincliffe
Foxsons Mill, Staincliffe was a doubling mill in Dewsbury, West Yorkshire. It was Lancashire Cotton Corporation sole mill in West Yorkshire. A doubling mill, it doubled yarns of counts 4's to 40's. built in It was taken over by the Lancashire Cotton Corporation in the 1930s and passed to Courtaulds in 1964. The mill was demolished in 1973, and the land is now housing.

Dewsbury
Dewsbury is a market town in the Metropolitan Borough of Kirklees, West Yorkshire, England. It is sited on the River Calder and on an arm of the Calder and Hebble Navigation waterway. It lies to the west of Wakefield, east of Huddersfield and south of Leeds. Historically a part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, after undergoing a period of major growth in the 19th century as a mill town, Dewsbury went through a period of decline. It forms part of the Heavy Woollen District, of which it is the largest town. The population of the built-up area was 63,722 at the 2021 Census.
ABC NewsRadio
ABC NewsRadio, since 2017 broadcast under the ABC News brand and for a short time known as ABC News on Radio, is a  24-hour news radio service broadcast by the Australian public broadcaster, the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC). ABC NewsRadio is available via a number of platforms around Australia, including AM/FM radio, online via web or the ABC Listen app, DAB+ radio, free-to-air digital TV, and some pay-TV platforms.

The origins of the radio station lie in the statutory obligation of the ABC to live-broadcast all Australian Parliamentary sessions, which were originally (from 1946) broadcast on its national radio network. In 1988, the Parliamentary Broadcasting Network (PBN) was established as a dedicated parliamentary radio station; in August 1994 this station's frequencies were used to provide news broadcasting when Parliament was not in session, and Parliamentary and News Network (PNN), the forerunner of ABC NewsRadio, was born.

Question time
A question time in a parliament occurs when members of the parliament ask questions of government ministers (including the prime minister), which they are obliged to answer. It usually occurs daily while parliament is sitting, though it can be cancelled in exceptional circumstances. Question time originated in the Westminster system of the United Kingdom, and occurs in other countries, mostly Commonwealth countries, who use the system.

In practice, the questions asked in question time are often pre-arranged by the organisers of each party, although the questions are usually without notice. Questions from government backbenchers are either intended to allow the Minister to discuss the virtues of government policy, or to attack the opposition.
1952 Bolivian Primera División
The 1952 Bolivian Primera División, the first division of Bolivian football (soccer), was played by 8 teams, all hailing from La Paz and played their matches at the Hernando Siles Stadium. The champion was The Strongest.

Hernando Siles Stadium
Hernando Siles Stadium (Spanish: Estadio Hernando Siles, [esˈtaðjo eɾˈnando ˈsiles]), also known as Estadio Olímpico La Paz, is a multi-purpose stadium in La Paz, Bolivia. It is the country's largest stadium, with a capacity of 41,143 seats. It is named after Hernando Siles Reyes (1882–1942), the 31st President of Bolivia (1926–1930). Its biggest attendance was in 03/03/1989 during the match between Bolivar and Danubio, with 60,000 fans in attendance. (Copa Libertadores)

The stadium is located in the Miraflores borough of La Paz, at an altitude of 3,582 meters (11,752 feet) above sea level, making it one of the highest professional stadiums in the world. Opened in 1930, it is the home ground of three major Bolivian league football clubs; Club Bolívar, The Strongest and La Paz F.C., as well as several smaller top sides: Universitario de La Paz, Chaco Petrolero and Mariscal Braun. The stadium also hosts lower league clubs: Fraternidad Tigres and Academia de Balompié Boliviano.
Yekateringofsky Municipal Okrug
59°52′45″N 30°13′20″E﻿ / ﻿59.87917°N 30.22222°E﻿ / 59.87917; 30.22222

Yekateringofsky Municipal Okrug (Russian: Екатеринго́фский муниципа́льный о́круг, known as Municipal Okrug #6 (муниципа́льный о́круг № 6) until 2011, is a municipal okrug of Admiralteysky District of the federal city of St. Petersburg, Russia. Population: 24,038 (2010 census); 31,570 (2002 census).

It borders Fontanka in the north, Lermontovsky Avenue in the east, Obvodny Canal in the south, and Yekateringofka River in the west.

Administrative divisions of Saint Petersburg
The federal city of Saint Petersburg, Russia, is divided into eighteen rayony ("districts", Russian: районы, singular: rayon), which are in turn subdivided into municipal okrugs, municipal towns, and municipal settlements.
Surda
Surda (Arabic: سردا, romanized: Surdā) is a Palestinian town in the Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate of the State of Palestine, located northeast of Ramallah in the northern West Bank. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS), the town had a population of 1,308 inhabitants in 2017.

Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics
The Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS; Arabic: الجهاز المركزي للإحصاء الفلسطيني, romanized: al-Jihāz al-Markazī lil-Iḥṣāʼ al-Filasṭīnī) is the official statistical institution of Palestine. Its main task is to provide credible statistical figures at the national and international levels. It is a state institution that provides service to the governmental, non – governmental and private sectors in addition to research institutions and universities. It is established as an independent statistical bureau. The PCBS publishes the Statistical Yearbook of Palestine and the Jerusalem Statistical Yearbook annually.

The head office of the agency is in Ein Munjed Quarter, Ramallah.
Lawless Valley (1938 film)
Lawless Valley is a 1938 American Western film directed by David Howard from a screenplay by Oliver Drake, based on the short story "No Law in Shadow Valley" by W. C. Tuttle. Produced and distributed by RKO Radio Pictures, it opened on November 4, 1938. The film stars George O'Brien, Kay Sutton and Fred Kohler. Kohler died one week before the film's release.

David Howard (director)
David Howard (born David Paget Davis III; October 6, 1896 – December 21, 1941) was an American film director. He directed 46 films between 1930 and 1941, 29 of them westerns starring George O'Brien, including the acclaimed Mystery Ranch (1932).
Fort Sackville (Nova Scotia)
Fort Sackville was a British fort in present-day Bedford, Nova Scotia. It was built during Father Le Loutre's War (1749-1755) by British adjacent to present-day Scott Manor House, on a hill overlooking the Sackville River to help prevent French, Acadian and  Mi'kmaq attacks on Halifax.  The fort consisted of a blockhouse, a guard house, a barracks that housed 50 soldiers, and outbuildings, all encompassed by a palisade. Not far from the fort was a rifle range. The fort was named after George Germain, 1st Viscount Sackville.

Lunenburg, Nova Scotia
Lunenburg (/ˈluːnənbɜːrɡ/) is a port town on the South Shore of Nova Scotia, Canada. Founded in 1753, the town was one of the first British attempts to settle Protestants in Nova Scotia.

Historically, Lunenburg's economy relied on the offshore fishery, and today it hosts Canada's largest secondary fish-processing plant. The town experienced prosperity in the late 1800s, and many of its architectural gems date back to that era.

In 1995, UNESCO designated it a World Heritage Site. UNESCO considers the site the best example of planned British colonial settlement in North America, as it retains its original layout and appearance of the 1800s, including local wooden vernacular architecture. UNESCO considers the town in need of protection because the future of its traditional economic underpinnings, the Atlantic fishery, is now very uncertain.

The historic core of the town is also a National Historic Site of Canada.
Bette Swenson Orsini
Bette Swenson Orsini (December 2, 1925 – March 26, 2011) was an American journalist for the St. Petersburg Times. In 1980, she won the Pulitzer Prize for National Reporting with Charles Stafford for an investigation of the Church of Scientology.

Pulitzer Prize for National Reporting
This Pulitzer Prize has been awarded since 1942 for a distinguished example of reporting on national affairs in the United States.  In its first six years (1942–1947), it was called the Pulitzer Prize for Telegraphic Reporting – National.
1940s in music
For music from an individual year in the 1940s, go to 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | 46 | 47 | 48 | 49

This article includes an overview of the major events and trends in popular music in the 1940s.

In the developed world, swing, big band, jazz, Latin and country music dominated and defined the decade's music. After World War II, the big band sounds of the earlier part of the decade had been gradually replaced by crooners and vocal pop.

Traditional pop
Traditional pop (also known as pre-rock and roll pop) is Western popular music that generally pre-dates the advent of rock and roll and pop music in the mid-1950s. The most popular and enduring songs from this era of music are known as pop standards or American standards. The works of these songwriters and composers are usually considered part of the canon known as the "Great American Songbook". More generally, the term "standard" can be applied to any popular song that has become very widely known within mainstream culture and recorded by many artists.

AllMusic defines traditional pop as "post-big band and pre-rock & roll pop music".
Charles Kallaghan Massabo
Charles Kallaghan Massabo, is a French record producer, songwriter and musician, based in Los Angeles, California, United States, best known for his work with Falling in Reverse, Metro Station and other projects, such as Ronnie Radke's rap mixtape "Watch Me" and Jacky Vincent's solo project. Massabo produced and mixed Davey Suicide "Made from Fire" hitting Billboard charts #3 on Heatseakers, #14 on independent albums and #24 on top hard rock charts.

Jacky Vincent
Jack Casey Vincent (born 23 January 1989) is a British guitarist. He was the lead guitarist of the American post-hardcore band Falling in Reverse from its formation in 2008 until his departure in 2015. After his departure, he founded power metal band Cry Venom. Since then, Vincent has concentrated on his solo career and teaching. He has two solo albums: Star X Speed Story, came third in the Guitar World 2013 readers poll for Best Shred album, and Life Imitating Art released in 2018. Vincent won the Alternative Press Guitarist of the Year award in 2012 and came third in the Guitar World "Best Shredder" readers pool awards in 2013.
Musheer Khan
Musheer Naushad Khan (born 27 February 2005) is an Indian cricketer who plays for Mumbai. He made his first-class cricket debut on 27 December 2022 for Mumbai in the 2022–23 Ranji Trophy. As a right-handed batsman all-rounder, Khan represented the 2024 Under-19 Cricket World Cup as a member of the Indian U-19 cricket team.

In December 2023, he was selected for the 2024 ICC U-19 Cricket World Cup squad for the Indian U-19 youth team. Indian team finished runner's up in the tournament in which Khan scored two centuries. In March 2024, Musheer broke Sachin Tendulkar's record to become the youngest Mumbai batter to score a hundred in the Ranji Trophy final.

In September 2024, he debut in Duleep Trophy for India B against India A at Mangalam Chinnaswamy in Bengaluru. In his debut match Musheer Khan hits his third First-Class century.

Duleep Trophy
The Duleep Trophy is a domestic first-class cricket competition in India. Named after former cricketer Duleepsinhji, the competition has usually been contested by teams representing various geographical zones of India since the first tournament in 1961–62. There have been a few exceptions to the zonal format, such as the 2002–03 tournament, where five teams were formed based on Ranji Trophy groups, and the four editions held between 2016–17 and 2019–20, when the BCCI selected three teams called India Blue, Red and Green. The latest 2024-25 edition featured four teams named Team A, B, C and D.
Bill Smith (baseball manager)
William J. Smith (born in Baltimore, Maryland) was a player-manager, center fielder, catcher and second baseman for the 1873 Baltimore Marylands during their lone season in the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players. The Marylands went 0–6 for the season and Smith's record was 0–5. As a player, he batted .174 and committed three errors (two as a catcher and three as a second baseman) in eight total chances for a fielding percentage of .625 over six games while splitting time at center field, catcher, and second base. Later, on July 12, 1886, he was credited as making an appearance as the umpire for a game between the Detroit Wolverines and the Kansas City Cowboys.

Fielding error
In baseball and softball statistics, an error is an act, in the judgment of the official scorer, of a fielder misplaying a ball in a manner that allows a batter or baserunner to advance one or more bases or allows a plate appearance to continue after the batter should have been put out. The term  error is sometimes used to refer to the play during which an error was committed.
Cherkezishvili
The House of Cherkezishvili (Georgian: ჩერქეზიშვილი) is a Georgian noble family, descended from the Circassian chieftains of Great Kabarda, whence the surname, literally meaning "children/descendants of a Circassian" in Georgian. They settled in Kakheti (eastern Georgia) in the 17th century, and attained to a princely dignity of tavadi. Under the Russian rule they were confirmed, in 1829 and 1850, in the princely nobility as knyaz Cherkezov (Черкезовы).

Kabardia
The Grand Principality of Great Kabarda, also known as East Circassia or Kabardia (Kabardian: Къэбэрдей), was a historical country in the North Caucasus corresponding partly to modern-day Kabardino-Balkaria. It existed as a political community from the fifteenth century until it came under Russian control in the early nineteenth century after the Russo-Circassian War.
2022 French Open – Wheelchair quad doubles
Sam Schröder and Niels Vink defeated Heath Davidson and Ymanitu Silva in the final, 6–2, 6–2 to win the quad doubles wheelchair tennis title at the 2022 French Open.

Andy Lapthorne and David Wagner were the defending champions, but were defeated in the semifinals by Davidson and Silva.

Niels Vink
Niels Vink (born 6 December 2002) is a Dutch wheelchair tennis player. He has won eight major singles titles, as well as a gold medal at the 2024 Paris Paralympics to complete the career Golden Slam. Vink has also won eleven major doubles titles, nine partnering Sam Schröder and two with Guy Sasson, as well as two Paralympic gold medals to complete the double career Golden Slam.
Sieve analysis
A sieve analysis (or gradation test) is a practice or procedure used in geology, civil engineering, and chemical engineering to assess the particle size distribution (also called gradation) of a granular material by allowing the material to pass through a series of sieves of progressively smaller mesh size and weighing the amount of material that is stopped by each sieve as a fraction of the whole mass.

The size distribution is often of critical importance to the way the material performs in use. A sieve analysis can be performed on any type of non-organic or organic granular materials including sand, crushed rock, clay, granite, feldspar, coal, soil, a wide range of manufactured powder, grain and seeds, down to a minimum size depending on the exact method. Being such a simple technique of particle sizing, it is probably the most common.

Feldspar
Feldspar (/ˈfɛl(d).ˌspɑːr/ FEL(D)-spar; sometimes spelled felspar) is a group of rock-forming aluminium tectosilicate minerals, also containing other cations such as sodium, calcium, potassium, or barium. The most common members of the feldspar group are the plagioclase (sodium-calcium) feldspars and the alkali (potassium-sodium) feldspars. Feldspars make up about 60% of the Earth's crust and 41% of the Earth's continental crust by weight.

Feldspars crystallize from magma as both intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks and are also present in many types of metamorphic rock. Rock formed almost entirely of calcic plagioclase feldspar is known as anorthosite. Feldspars are also found in many types of sedimentary rocks.