hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jewish Neo-Aramaic dialect of Zakho
The Jewish Neo-Aramaic dialect of Zakho is a dialect of Northeastern Neo-Aramaic originally spoken by Jews in Zakho, Iraq. Following the exodus of Jews from the Muslim lands, most speakers now live in Israel, principally Jerusalem and surrounding villages.

Yona Sabar
Yona Sabar (Hebrew: יוֹנָה צַבָּר; born 1938 in Zakho, Iraq) is a Kurdistani Jewish scholar, linguist and researcher. He is professor emeritus of Hebrew at the University of California, Los Angeles. He is a native speaker of Northeastern Neo-Aramaic and has published more than 90 research articles about Jewish Neo-Aramaic and the folklore of the Jews of Kurdistan.

Sabar was born in the town of Zakho in northern Iraq. His family moved to Israel in 1951. He received a B.A. in Hebrew and Arabic from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in 1963 and a Ph.D. in Near Eastern Languages and Literatures from Yale University in 1970.

His immigrant journey from the hills of Kurdistan to the highways of Los Angeles is the subject of an award-winning memoir by his son, Ariel Sabar, an American author and journalist. Ariel Sabar's book My Father's Paradise: A Son's Search for his Jewish Past in Kurdish Iraq won the 2008 National Book Critics Circle Award for autobiography.
Bab al-Faradis
Bab al-Faradis (Arabic: بَابُ الْفَرَادِيسِ, romanized: Bāb al-Farādīs; "The Gate of the Paradises")  or Bab al-Amara is one of the seven ancient city-gates of Damascus, Syria.  The other name, Bab Al-Amara, refers to a name of a district in the old city where people in the 14th century would meet. During the Roman era, the gate was dedicated to Mercury.

Al-Amarah, Syria
Al-Amara (Arabic: العمارة, romanized: al-‘Amārah), also known as al-Amarah Juwaniyyah (Arabic: العمارة الجوانية, romanized: al-‘Amārah al-Juwwānīyah), is a prominent neighborhood in the old city of Damascus located a few meters away from The Grand Mosque of Damascus.
Szczepice
Szczepice [ʂt͡ʂɛˈpit͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kcynia, within Nakło County, in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship of north-central Poland. The village is situated approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) northeast of Kcynia, 13 km (8 mi) south of Nakło nad Notecią, and 33 km (21 mi) west of Bydgoszcz.

Nakło nad Notecią
Nakło nad Notecią (Polish pronunciation: [ˈnakwɔ ˌnad nɔˈtɛt͡ɕɔ̃]) (German: Nakel an der Netze) is a town in north-central Poland on the river Noteć with 23,687 inhabitants (2007). It is the seat of Nakło County, and also of Gmina Nakło nad Notecią, situated in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship. It is located in the ethnocultural region of Krajna.
Kātyāyana (Buddhist)
Kātyāyana or Mahākātyāyana (Sanskrit; Pali: Kaccāyana,  sometimes shortened to Kaccāna; also Mahākaccāna, or Mahākaccāyana) was a disciple of Gautama Buddha. He is listed as one of the ten principal disciples and was foremost in expanding on and explaining brief statements of the Buddha.

In Thai Buddhism, he is also known as Phra Sangkajai and often portrayed as extremely portly.

Buddhist councils
Since the death of the historical Buddha, Siddhartha Gautama, Buddhist monastic communities, the "sangha", have periodically convened for doctrinal and disciplinary reasons and to revise and correct the contents of the Buddhist canons. Referred to as Buddhist "councils" (Pāli and Sanskrit: saṅgīti, literally meaning "reciting together" or "joint rehearsal"), the famous First Buddhist Council is recorded in Buddhist texts as being held one year after the Buddha's passing, when Ananda recited all of the spoken sutras, which were recorded in Rajagriha. The two next major Councils were held more than 100 years later.

The details of the later councils are debated by modern Buddhist studies. Various sources belonging to different Buddhist schools may contain different accounts of these events. For this reason, modern scholars have questioned the historicity of some of these councils or at least their preserved descriptions in literature.
Eduardo Botelho
José Eduardo Botelho (born 8 March 1959) is a Brazilian electrical engineer, mathematician, and politician, affiliated with Brazil Union (UNIÃO). He has been a state deputy in the state of Mato Grosso since 2015. He has also been the president of the Legislative Assembly of Mato Grosso since 1 February 2017.

Legislative Assembly of Mato Grosso
7°7′15″S 35°53′2″W﻿ / ﻿7.12083°S 35.88389°W﻿ / -7.12083; -35.88389

The Legislative Assembly of Mato Grosso (Portuguese: Assembleia Legislativa do Mato Grosso) is the unicameral legislature of Mato Grosso state in Brazil. It has 24 state deputies elected by proportional representation.
Dacryonaema
Dacryonaema is a genus of fungi in the order Dacrymycetales. As with other members of the Dacrymycetes, species of Dacryonaema are saprotrophs, occur on dead wood, and have gelatinous basidiocarps. Microscopically all species have clamped hyphae and branched hyphidia.

The genus was originally described in 1947 by Swedish mycologist John Axel Nannfeldt, based on the single species Dacryonaema rufum which produces immature basidiocarps that are elongated, conical, and dark reddish brown, quite unlike those of other genera in the Dacrymycetes. Molecular research, based on cladistic analysis of DNA sequences, has confirmed Dacryonaema as monophyletic (a natural taxon) and added two further species to the genus both of which have more conventional pustular or disc-shaped basidiocarps. The genus is known from Europe and North America.

Mycology
Mycology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of fungi, including their taxonomy, genetics, biochemical properties, and use by humans. Fungi can be a source of tinder, food, traditional medicine, as well as entheogens, poison, and infection. Yeasts are among the most heavily utilized members of the fungus kingdom, particularly in food manufacturing.

Mycology branches into the field of phytopathology, the study of plant diseases. The two disciplines are closely related, because the vast majority of plant pathogens are fungi. A biologist specializing in mycology is called a mycologist.
Panagia Theoskepastos Monastery
The Panagia Theoskepastos Monastery (Greek: Παναγία Θεοσκέπαστος, "Panagia the God-guarded"), today known in Turkish as Kızlar Monastery, is a former female monastery built during the Empire of Trebizond.

It lies at the foot of Boztepe mountain overlooking the city of Trabzon. The monastery complex built on two terraces, is surrounded by a protective high wall. The monastery was founded in the reign of Alexios III (1349–1390). Having undergone major repairs several times it assumed its present form in the 19th century. The monastery initially comprised the rock church on the south side the chapel in its entrance and a few cells. Inside the rock church there are inscriptions and portraits of Alexios III, his wife Theodora and his mother Irene.

Irene of Trebizond
Irene of Trebizond (died around 1382) was an Empress consort of Trebizond as the bigamous wife of Basil of Trebizond. She had an important position in the regency of her son Alexios III of Trebizond in 1341-1352.
Ray Francis (photographer)
James Ray Francis (1937 – 2006) was an American photographer. He was a founding member of the Kamoinge Workshop in New York.

Francis's work was included in the 2020 exhibition Working Together: The Photographers of the Kamoinge Workshop at the Whitney Museum of American Art.
Francis's work was also included in the 2025 exhibition Photography and the Black Arts Movement, 1955–1985 at the National Gallery of Art.

His work is in the collection of the Museum of Modern Art, and the National Gallery of Art.

In 2024 a retrospective of his work Waiting to Be Seen: Illuminating the Photographs of Ray Francis was held at the Bruce Silverstein Gallery.

Bruce Silverstein Gallery
Bruce Silverstein Gallery is an art gallery in the Chelsea section of Manhattan, New York City. Founded in 2001 by Bruce Silverstein, the gallery represents contemporary and historically significant artists, emphasizing the exploration of both renowned and lesser-known works. The gallery is a member of the Association of International Photography Art Dealers.
A147 highway (Russia)
The Russian route A147 is a Russian federal highway, a mountain highway that runs along the coast of the Black Sea in Krasnodar Krai from Novorossiysk through Gelendzhik, Tuapse, and Greater Sochi to Adler. The road terminates at Russia's border with Abkhazia/Georgia.

Further south, the route continues as the S1 across Abkhazia to Sukhumi. The Soviet motorway M27 continued even further south, traversing all of Georgia (including the capital Tbilisi) and terminating at Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan.

Until 2018, the A147 was designated as M27.

Tuapse
Tuapse (Russian: Туапсе́; Adyghe: Тӏуапсэ, Ṫuapsă [tʷʼapsə]) is a town in Krasnodar Krai, Russia, situated on the northeast shore of the Black Sea, south of Gelendzhik and north of Sochi. Population: 61,571 (2021 Census); 63,292 (2010 Census); 64,238 (2002 Census); 63,081 (1989 Soviet census).

Tuapse is a sea port and the northern center of a resort zone which extends south to Sochi.
Tom Creek
Tom Creek is a creek located in the Omineca Country region of British Columbia.  The creek flows into Kenny Creek.  Tom Creek was discovered in 1869 by the Byrnes Party.  The creek yielded gold for more than one hundred years.  This creek has been mined for silver and gold using wing-damming and hand-mining by Europeans and Chinese miners.

Omineca Country
The Omineca Country, also called the Omineca District or the Omineca, is a historical geographic region in the Northern Interior of British Columbia, roughly defined by the basin of the Omineca River but including areas to the south which allowed access to the region during the Omineca Gold Rush of the 1860s.  The term Omineca District also refers to the Omineca Mining District which referred to the same area but was a government administrative division.  Today the name loosely refers to the region northwest of Prince George and north of Hwy 16 (the Yellowhead Highway) and occurs in the names of such entities as electoral districts, e.g. Prince George-Omineca.
William C. Martel
William C. Martel (July 15, 1955 – January 12, 2015) was a scholar who specialized in studying the leadership and policymaking processes in organizations, strategic planning, cyberwarfare and militarisation of space, and technology innovation. He taught at the U.S. Air War College and U.S. Naval War College, and performed research for DARPA and the RAND Corporation. He later become Associate Professor of International Security Studies at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, a position he held until his death in 2015.

Martel served as an adviser to the National Security Council, to the U.S. Air Force, and to Governor Mitt Romney during his 2012 presidential campaign, as co-chair of Romney's Russia Working Group.

Decision-making
In psychology, decision-making (also spelled decision making and decisionmaking) is regarded as the cognitive process resulting in the selection of a belief or a course of action among several possible alternative options. It could be either rational or irrational. The decision-making process is a reasoning process based on assumptions of values, preferences and beliefs of the decision-maker. Every decision-making process produces a final choice, which may or may not prompt action.

Research about decision-making is also published under the label problem solving, particularly in European psychological research.
Rachel Walker (singer)
Rachel Walker (born 1976) is an English-born singer of Scottish Gaelic folk music, having performed and recorded as a solo artist as well as in bands, such as Skipinnish.

Born in Salisbury, she moved to Wester Ross at age eight, and attended Kinlochewe Primary School and Gairloch High School, learning Gaelic song and traditional music.

On leaving school, Walker completed a course in Classical music at Napier University and in 1996, she was accepted as one of the first students on the brand new Scottish music course at the Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama where she studied Gaelic song under the tutelage of the renowned Gaelic singer Kenna Campbell.

She is married to Skipinnish piper Andrew Stevenson and has two children, Seamus and Flóraidh.

Salisbury
Salisbury (/ˈsɔːlzbəri/ SAWLZ-bər-ee, locally /ˈsɔːzbəri/ SAWZ-bər-ee) is a cathedral city and civil parish in Wiltshire, England with a population of 41,820, at the confluence of the rivers Avon, Nadder and Bourne. The city is approximately 20 miles (30 kilometres) from Southampton and 30 miles (50 kilometres) from Bath.

Salisbury is in the southeast of Wiltshire, near the edge of Salisbury Plain. An ancient cathedral was north of the present city at Old Sarum. A new cathedral was built near the meeting of the rivers and a settlement grew up around it, which received a city charter in 1227 as New Sarum. This continued to be its official name until 2009, when Salisbury City Council was established. Salisbury railway station is an interchange between the West of England Line and the Wessex Main Line.

Stonehenge, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is 8 miles (13 kilometres) northwest of Salisbury.
Ronnie Kotkamp
Ronald Kotkamp (born 15 April 1972) is a former New Zealand cricketer. Kotkamp was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Dunedin, Otago.

Kotkamp made his debut for Hertfordshire in the 2002 MCCA Knockout Trophy against the Essex Cricket Board, in what was his only Knockout Trophy match for the county. In that same season he made his only List A appearance against Bedfordshire in the 1st round of the 2003 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy which was held in 2002. In this match he scored 5 runs before being dismissed by Shaun Young, while with the ball he took the wicket of Neil Stanley for the cost of 39 runs.

As of 2010, he was back in New Zealand playing club cricket for Otago Country.

2003 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy
The 2003 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy was an English county cricket tournament, held between 29 August 2002 and 30 August 2003. The competition was won by Gloucestershire who beat Worcestershire by 7 wickets at Lord's.
Berghahn Books
Berghahn Books is a New York- and Oxford-based publisher of scholarly books and academic journals in the humanities and social sciences, with a special focus on social and cultural anthropology, European history, politics, and film and media studies. It was founded in 1994 by Marion Berghahn.

Media studies
Media studies is a discipline and field of study that deals with the content, history, and effects of various media; in particular, the mass media. Media studies may draw on traditions from both the social sciences and the humanities, but it mostly draws from its core disciplines of mass communication, communication, communication sciences, and communication studies.

Researchers may also develop and employ theories and methods from disciplines including cultural studies, rhetoric (including digital rhetoric), philosophy, literary theory, psychology, political science, political economy, economics, sociology, anthropology, social theory, art history and criticism, film theory, and information theory.
Hamner
Hamner is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Cully Hamner (born 1969), American comic book artist

Earl Hamner, Jr. (1923–2016), American television writer and producer

Garvin Hamner (1924–2003), American baseball player

Granny Hamner (1927–1993), American baseball player

Henry K. Hamner (1922–1945), United States Navy officer

M. Gail Hamner (born 1963), American scholar, author, and professor of religion

Millie Hamner, American educator and politician

Nora Spencer Hanmer (1945–2001), American baseball player

Scott Hamner (born 1956), American television writer

Cully Hamner
Cully Hamner (born March 7, 1969) is an American comic book artist, known for his work on such books as Green Lantern: Mosaic, Blue Beetle, Black Lightning: Year One, and Detective Comics. He is the co-creator and illustrator of the 2003 graphic novel Red, which was adapted into a 2010 feature film of the same name starring Bruce Willis, as well as a 2013 sequel. He is also the co-creator of Jaime Reyes, the DC Comics character at the center of the 2023 feature film Blue Beetle.
Spålen–Katnosa Nature Reserve
Spålen–Katnosa Nature Reserve is a nature reserve  in Nordmarka, Norway.

It was established in 1995 and encompasses portions of the municipalities Lunner and Jevnaker in Akershus and of Ringerike  in Buskerud. The area is characterised by forested hills dominated by spruce. The reserve covers an area of 18 km2 principally of woods and wetlands, including lake Katnosa.

Lunner
Lunner is a municipality in Akershus county, Norway. It is part of the traditional region of Hadeland. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Roa. Lunner was established when it was separated from Jevnaker Municipality on 1 January 1898. From 1 January 2020 the municipality belonged to Viken county and afterwards it was handed over to its successor Akershus. It was in Oppland before that.
2015 Apia International Sydney – Men's singles
Viktor Troicki won the title, defeating Mikhail Kukushkin in the final, 6–2, 6–3. It was the first time in ATP history that two qualifiers contested a final.

Juan Martín del Potro was the defending champion, but lost to Kukushkin in the quarterfinals.

Igor Sijsling
Igor Sijsling (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈiɡɔr ˈsɛislɪŋ]; born 18 August 1987) is an inactive Dutch professional tennis player. Sijsling reached his career-high ATP singles ranking of World No. 52 on 17 February 2014. His biggest accomplishment is reaching the final of Australian Open Doubles with countryman Robin Haase in 2013, where they lost to the Bryan brothers. In singles, he reached the third round of the 2013 Wimbledon Championships and has victories over top players including Jo-Wilfried Tsonga, Milos Raonic and Mikhail Youzhny. He has also coached Tim van Rijthoven.
4C +74.26
4C +74.26 is a radio-loud quasar located 1.3 billion light-years from Earth in the constellation of Cepheus with a redshift of (z) 0.104. First discovered in 1965 by the Fourth Cambridge Survey, its radio source is found to measure 1.6 megaparsecs in size, making the object the largest known source associated with an active galactic nucleus.

Fourth Cambridge Survey
The Fourth Cambridge Survey (4C) is an astronomical catalogue of celestial radio sources as measured at 178 MHz using the 4C Array. It was published in two parts, in 1965 (for declinations +20 to +40) and 1967 (declinations −7 to + 20 and +40 to +80),  by the Radio Astronomy Group of the University of Cambridge. References to entries in this catalogue use the prefix 4C followed by the declination in degrees, followed by a period, and then followed by the source number on that declination strip, e.g. 4C-06.23.

The 4C Array, which used the technique of aperture synthesis, could reliably position sources with flux densities of around 2 Jy, to within about 0.35 arcmin in Right ascension and 2.5 arcmin in declination.
Accidental (album)
Accidental (Music for Dance Volume 3) is a studio album by English guitarist, composer and improvisor Fred Frith. It is the third of a series of Music for Dance albums Frith made, and was recorded between December 1995 and January 1996 at Studio Jankowski in Stuttgart, Germany. The album was released on CD in March 2002 on Fred Records and was the first release in Frith's archival release program on the record label.

Improvisation
Improvisation or improvization (often shortened to improv) is the activity of making or doing something not planned beforehand, using whatever can be found. The origin of the word itself is in the Latin "improvisus", which literally means un-foreseen. Improvisation in the performing arts is a very spontaneous performance without specific or scripted preparation. The skills of improvisation can apply to many different faculties across all artistic, scientific, physical, cognitive, academic, and non-academic disciplines; see Applied improvisation.
Delmer Berg
Einsley Delmer "Del" Berg (December 20, 1915 – February 28, 2016) was an American soldier and union organizer who volunteered to serve with the XV International Brigade (nicknamed the Abraham Lincoln Brigade) during the Spanish Civil War. He was the last known surviving veteran of the Lincoln Brigade.

United Farm Workers
The United Farm Workers of America, or more commonly just United Farm Workers (UFW), is a labor union for farmworkers in the United States. It originated from the merger of two workers' rights organizations, the National Farm Workers Association (NFWA) led by César Chávez, Dolores Huerta, and Gilbert Padilla and the Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee (AWOC) led by organizer Larry Itliong.

They allied and transformed from workers' rights organizations into a union as a result of a series of strikes in 1965, when the Filipino-American and Mexican-American farmworkers of the AWOC in Delano, California, initiated a grape strike, and the NFWA went on strike in support. As a result of the commonality in goals and methods, the NFWA and the AWOC formed the United Farm Workers Organizing Committee in August 1966. This organization was accepted into the AFL–CIO in 1972 and changed its name to the United Farm Workers Union.
Yulchon-myeon
Yulchon-myeon (Korean: 율촌면; Hanja: 栗村面), also called Yulchon Township, or shortly Yulchon, is a myeon (township) in Yeosu city of South Jeolla Province, South Korea. The myeon is located in the north-western part of the city. The total area of Yulchon-myeon is 46.5 square kilometers, and, as of the last day of 2010, the population was 7404 people. It has Yeosu Airport in Sinpung-ri. Township hall is located in Johwa-ri. Sora-myeon is to the south and Haeryong-myeon, Suncheon to the north, Gwangyang-eup, Gwangyang is to the north-east, Suncheon Bay and Yeoja Bay to the west, and Gwangyang Bay is to the east.

Suncheon Bay
Suncheon Bay is a coastal wetland in Suncheon, South Jeolla Province, South Korea. It is composed of a 3.5 km (2.2 mi) long stream, a 2,221 ha (5,490 acres) wide tideland and a 230 ha (570 acres) wide field of reeds. Due to its natural coast, it is the habitat of migratory birds, plants and animals. It is the first Korean coastal wetland, Suncheon Bay Ecological Park, to be registered on the list of The Ramsar Wetland on January 20, 2006.
Marienfeld Abbey
Marienfeld Abbey is a former Cistercian abbey in the Marienfeld district of Harsewinkel, in the district of Gütersloh, Germany. It was founded in 1185 by monks from Hardehausen Abbey and dissolved in 1803 after German Mediatisation, becoming state property and then in 1804 a parish church. The monastic buildings were demolished, but since Pentecost 2004 two Benedictine monks have lived at the church, restoring its monastic status.

51°56′47″N 8°16′52″E﻿ / ﻿51.94639°N 8.28111°E﻿ / 51.94639; 8.28111

Gütersloh (district)
Gütersloh (German pronunciation: [ˈɡyːtɐsloː]) is a Kreis (district) in the north-east of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Neighboring districts are Osnabrück, Herford, district-free Bielefeld, Lippe, Paderborn, Soest and Warendorf.
Pentrellwyn
Pentrellwyn is a small village in the community of Llandysul, Ceredigion, Wales. Pentrellwyn is represented in the Senedd by Elin Jones (Plaid Cymru) and is part of the Ceredigion Preseli constituency in the House of Commons.

Elin Jones
Elin Jones (born 1 September 1966), PC  MS is a Welsh politician who has served as the Llywydd of the Senedd since 2016. A member of Plaid Cymru, Jones has been the Member of the Senedd (MS) for Ceredigion since 1999.