hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Operation Murat
Operation Murat, named after the Murat River located in the region, was an operation concentrated in the Diyarbakir, Bingol and Bitlis triangle, mostly in the mountains located inside the triangle, against the Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK), which is listed as a terrorist organization internationally by a number of states and organizations, including the United States, NATO and the EU. With the participation of 40,000 personnel and 3,000 village guards, it is the largest military operation Turkey has conducted inside of its borders. The operation lasted for two weeks and was centered on the Genç district in the province of Bingöl. It was in the area where the Turkish military destroyed two PKK camps in the past.

Şırnak
Şırnak (Kurdish: Şirnex) is a city in Şırnak District and the capital of Şırnak Province in Turkey. The city is located near the Ibrahim Khalil border crossing with Iraq, which is one of the main links from Turkey to the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The city is mainly populated by Kurds of the Şirnexî tribe and had a population of 75,932 in 2023. It is considered a historical part of Turkish Kurdistan.
New Churches in London and Westminster Act 1710
The New Churches in London and Westminster Act 1710 (9 Ann. c. 17) is an act of the Parliament of Great Britain which set up the Commission for Building Fifty New Churches, with the purpose of building fifty new churches for the rapidly growing population of London.

Parliament of Great Britain
The Parliament of Great Britain was formed in May 1707 following the ratification of the Acts of Union by both the Parliament of England and the Parliament of Scotland. The Acts ratified the treaty of Union which created a new unified Kingdom of Great Britain and created the parliament of Great Britain located in the former home of the English parliament in the Palace of Westminster, near the City of London. This lasted nearly a century, until the Acts of Union 1800 merged the separate British and Irish Parliaments into a single Parliament of the United Kingdom with effect from 1 January 1801.
Required minimum distribution
Required minimum distributions (RMDs) are minimum amounts that U.S. tax law requires one to withdraw annually from traditional Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs) and employer-sponsored retirement plans and pay income tax on that withdrawal. In the Internal Revenue Code itself, the precise term is "minimum required distribution". Retirement planners, tax practitioners, and publications of the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) often use the phrase "required minimum distribution".

Pension fund
A pension fund, also known as a superannuation fund in some countries, is any program, fund, or scheme which provides retirement income. The U.S. Government's Social Security Trust Fund, which oversees $2.57 trillion in assets, is the world's largest public pension fund. Pension funds typically have large amounts of money to invest and are the major investors in listed and private companies.  They are especially important to the stock market where large institutional investors dominate.  The largest 300 pension funds collectively hold about USD$6 trillion in assets. In 2012, PricewaterhouseCoopers estimated that pension funds worldwide hold over $33.9 trillion in assets (and were expected to grow to more than $56 trillion by 2020), the largest for any category of institutional investor ahead of mutual funds, insurance companies, currency reserves, sovereign wealth funds, hedge funds, or private equity.
Des Clarke (comedian)
Desmond Martin Clarke (born 13 January 1981) is a Scottish stand-up comedian and television/radio presenter. Clarke currently presents Heart Breakfast on Heart Scotland alongside co-hosts Adele Cunningham and Grado (weekdays from 6:30am – 10 am, formerly with co-host Jennifer Reoch from STV until July 2025.), and writes a weekly column in the Daily Record, and also presents the BBC Radio Scotland topical quiz show Breaking the News.

Capital Scotland
Capital Scotland (formerly known as Beat 106, XFM Scotland, and later Galaxy Scotland) is a regional radio station owned by Communicorp UK and operated by Global. It broadcasts to Scotland's Central Belt, an area surrounding the two cities of Glasgow and Edinburgh. It also broadcasts to the Perth and Kinross, an area surrounding the one city of Perth.
John (constable of Armenia)
John (died 7 August 1343) of the House of Lusignan was the constable and later regent of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia.

John was son of Amalric, Lord of Tyre, and Isabella of Armenia.  His siblings were Guy (Constantine II, King of Armenia) and Agnes, wife of Leo III, King of Armenia.

John married Soldane Bagrationi, daughter of king George V of Georgia. The couple had:

Leo V (1342–1393), king of Lesser Armenia (1374–1375), married Marguerite de Soissons.

John was murdered in Cilicia on 7 August 1343.

Cilicia
Cilicia (/sɪˈlɪʃə/, sil-ISH-ə) is a geographical region of southern Anatolia in West Asia, extending inland from the northeastern coasts of the Mediterranean Sea. Cilicia borders Pamphylia to the west, Lycaonia and Cappadocia to the north, Commagene to the north-east, Syria to the east and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. Cilicia has a population ranging over six million, concentrated mostly at the Cilician plain (Turkish: Çukurova). The region includes the provinces of Mersin, Adana, Osmaniye and Hatay.
Thomas Holcroft (politician)
Sir Thomas Holcroft (1505 – 31 July 1558) was a sixteenth-century English courtier, soldier, politician and landowner.

Holcroft's fortune was made from speculation in former monastic properties, after having distinguished himself during the Anglo-Scottish Wars. He was a close supporter of Lord Protector Somerset and represented three constituencies in the English Parliament.

Courtier
A courtier (/ˈkɔːrtiər/) is a person who attends the royal court of a monarch or other royalty. The earliest historical examples of courtiers were part of the retinues of rulers. Historically, the court was the centre of government as well as the official residence of the monarch, and the social and political life were often completely mixed together.
Lully Foothills
The Lully Foothills (70°49′S 69°38′W﻿ / ﻿70.817°S 69.633°W﻿ / -70.817; -69.633) are a large group of peaks and nunataks extending 15 nautical miles (28 km) in a northeast–southwest direction between Vivaldi Glacier and the LeMay Range in the west-central part of Alexander Island, Antarctica. Apparently first seen from the air and roughly mapped by the United States Antarctic Service in 1940, they were remapped in detail from air photos taken by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition, 1947–48, by D. Searle of the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey in 1960. The foothills were named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee after Jean-Baptiste Lully, a French composer.

LeMay Range
The LeMay Range (70°55′S 69°20′W﻿ / ﻿70.917°S 69.333°W﻿ / -70.917; -69.333) is a mountain range 40 nautical miles (70 km) long with peaks rising to 2,000 metres (6,600 ft), extending in a northwest–southeast direction from Snick Pass to the north side of Uranus Glacier in the central portion of Alexander Island, Antarctica. It was first seen from the air by Lincoln Ellsworth on November 23, 1935, and the north and east portions mapped from photos obtained on that flight by W.L.G. Joerg. Later, it was resighted from the air by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition (RARE), 1947–48, and named by Finn Ronne for General Curtis LeMay, Deputy Chief of Air Staff for Research and Development of the then United States Army Air Forces, which furnished equipment for the expedition. The range was remapped in detail from RARE photos by D. Searle of the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey in 1960.
Ali Fadel
Ali Fadel AlMisir is an Iraqi politician who was the Governor of Baghdad Governorate from December 2004 to January 2005.

Fadel is a Muslim. In 1980, he was selected to represent Iraq on the national Olympic soccer team. A debilitating knee injury shortly before the start of the games caused him to be sidelined for the Los Angeles Olympics.

Following the Invasion of Iraq by the United States, Fadel was chosen to sit on the neighbourhood, district and the Provincial council. In December 2004 the Governor of Baghdad, Ali Al Haidary, was assassinated, and Fadel was selected to succeed him as governor.

Fadel lost his seat on the Governorate Council in the governorate elections in January 2005. Afterwards he founded and led the Baghdad League, a network of civil society organisations. He is a Civil Engineer and a graduate of University of Technology.

University of Technology, Iraq
The University of Technology, Iraq is one of Iraq's largest universities. It is situated in the city of Baghdad, Iraq. The university specialises in engineering, computer sciences and applied sciences and technologies. It was established in 1975.
Episinus maculipes
Episinus maculipes is a rare European spider of the family Theridiidae.  The known distribution is "England to Algeria, Ukraine, Russia".

It is found on the foliage of shrubs and trees. At nightfall, it constructs a simple web, consisting of an inverted 'Y' frame with sticky globules. The frame could be anywhere from five to 20 cm. Almost half of female spiders were found to have caught prey (lacewing larvae and Phytocoris bugs (Capsidae)) within an hour of darkness. Males wander through the vegetation and do not build webs. Both sexes reach adulthood in July and August.

Hemerobiiformia
The Hemerobiiformia are a suborder of insects in the order Neuroptera that include most of the lacewings, antlions and their allies. The phylogeny of the Neuroptera was explored in 2014 using mitochondrial DNA sequences. The results indicate that the traditional Hemerobiiformia are paraphyletic, meaning that not all the members of the clade are considered to belong to it, in particular since it would include all the Myrmeleontiformia, with which the Hemerobiiformia were traditionally contrasted. The Osmyloidea, usually included in Hemerobiiformia, actually seem to represent a more ancient lineage basal to Hemerobiiformia as well as Myrmeleontiformia. The broken-up group is shown in the cladogram:
San Lorenzo Nuovo
San Lorenzo Nuovo is a small town and comune in the province of Viterbo, in the Latium region of Italy. It is an agricultural center producing potatoes, olive oil, garlic, onions, cereals and grapes. A second source of revenue is tourism.

Orvieto
Orvieto (Italian: [orˈvjɛːto]) is a city and comune in the Province of Terni, southwestern Umbria, Italy, situated on the flat summit of a large butte of volcanic tuff. The city rises dramatically above the almost-vertical faces of tuff cliffs that are completed by defensive walls built of the same stone.
Pristimantis scopaeus
Pristimantis scopaeus is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae. It is endemic to Colombia and occurs in the Cordillera Central in the Tolima and Quindío Departments. Pristimantis scopaeus is a dwarf species: adult males in the type series were first mistaken for juveniles of Pristimantis simoteriscus, which itself already is a small species. The specific name scopaeus is Latinization of the Greek skopaios, meaning "dwarf".

Tolima Department
Tolima (Spanish pronunciation: [toˈlima]) is one of the 32 departments of Colombia, located in the Andean region, in the center-west of the country. It is bordered on the north and the west by the department of Caldas; on the east by the department of Cundinamarca; on the south by the department of Huila, and on the west by the departments of Cauca, Valle del Cauca, Quindío and Risaralda. Tolima has a surface area of 23,562 km2, and its capital is Ibagué. The department of Tolima was created in 1861 from a part of what was previously Cundinamarca.
Oakland Speedway
The Oakland Speedway was a motor racing track in San Leandro, California, a suburb of Oakland, California. It was a one-mile, banked dirt oval track built in 1931, which operated throughout the Great Depression and postwar years. The track featured AAA National Championship races with Indy cars and drivers from 1931 until 1936, when the AAA pulled out of the West Coast. Thereafter the track still featured racing by members of the Bay Cities Racing Association, in roadsters and motorcycles, as well as Big Cars, stock cars, and midgets. It was known as the "fastest dirt track in the Nation".

American Automobile Association
American Automobile Association (AAA) is a federation of motor clubs throughout North America. AAA is a privately held not-for-profit national member association and service organization with over 60 million members in the United States and Canada. AAA provides services to its members, including roadside assistance and others. Its national headquarters are in Heathrow, Florida.
1860 Massachusetts gubernatorial election
The 1860 Massachusetts gubernatorial election was held on November 6. Incumbent Republican governor Nathaniel Banks did not run for re-election to a fourth term. He was succeeded by Republican John Albion Andrew, a radical abolitionist.

Ensign H. Kellogg
Ensign Hosmer Kellogg (July 6, 1812 – January 23, 1882) was an American lawyer, businessman, and politician. He was a member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives and Massachusetts Senate. In 1850, he served as Speaker of the Massachusetts House of Representatives.
John Wessels (basketball)
John M. Wessels (February 13, 1938 – December 3, 1994) was an American college basketball standout for Illinois in the late 1950s and early 1960s. A center, Wessels averaged 13.4 points and 8.7 rebounds per game in his three years of varsity basketball for the Fighting Illini, earning a varsity letter each year. Graduating from Rockford West High School, Wessels led the Warriors to the IHSA state championship during consecutive seasons in 1955 and 1956.

100 Legends of the IHSA Boys Basketball Tournament
The Illinois High School Association (IHSA) celebrated 100 years of the IHSA State Tournament in the 2006-07 season.  A list of "100 Legends of the IHSA Boys Basketball Tournament" was assembled on December 14, 2005.  Throughout the state, 281 individuals were nominated and were chosen by geographic region and tournament era. The team of 100 Legends was selected by fans throughout the state with online voting. Several of the living members of that team made appearances at select games across the state, and signed a "Ball of Fame" which was subsequently raffled off at the state tournament.  The proceeds from the Ball of Fame raffle went to the Illinois School Activities Foundation, which annually awards scholarships to high school students from member schools.  Commemorative books and videos were available.

The following list contains the 100 members, their school, community and whether they were a player or coach.
Passage Brady
The Passage Brady is one of two iron-and-glass covered arcades (known in French as the Passages couverts de Paris) located in the 10th arrondissement of Paris, France, constructed in 1828. It lies between the Rue du Faubourg-Saint-Denis and the Rue du Faubourg-Saint-Martin.

It is famous for the several Indian, Pakistani and Bangladeshi restaurants located in the arcade.

48°52′16.05″N 02°21′19″E﻿ / ﻿48.8711250°N 2.35528°E﻿ / 48.8711250; 2.35528

South Asian cuisine
South Asian cuisine includes the traditional cuisines from the modern-day South Asian republics of Bangladesh, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka, also sometimes including the kingdom of Bhutan and the emirate of Afghanistan. Also sometimes known as Desi cuisine, it has been influenced by and also has influenced other Asian cuisines beyond the Indian subcontinent.
Subsquamosal fenestra
In some rodents, the subsquamosal fenestra is an opening between two parts of the squamosal bone, at the back of the skull. It can be seen in lateral view. Most Oryzomyini have the fenestra, but some species, including those in the genera Nectomys, Sigmodontomys, and Melanomys among others, lack it.

Melanomys
Melanomys is a genus of rodent in the tribe Oryzomyini of family Cricetidae, which is distributed in northern South America and adjacent Central America. It contains three species, two of which—Melanomys robustulus and Melanomys zunigae—have limited distributions. The third, Melanomys caliginosus, is more widely distributed, but may be a species complex.
2010–2012 NORCECA Beach Volleyball Continental Cup
The North American zone see the zones divided into two Caribbean, Central and Central American zones. The two Caribbean zones will meet and then go up against the Central American zone in the inter-zonal tournaments. Both Caribbean zones will have an elimination bracket where two teams per country competing in a two-game series, if there is a tie a fifth game will be played by both countries. In the second round of the bracket the series will be a best of three. The winner and runner up of the main bracket and of the repechage will advance to the next round. The winner of the 2010–12 Continental Beach Volleyball Cup will advance to the Olympics. 29 out of 31 possible nations entered plus two non-IOC members (Anguilla and Curaçao) entered both the men's and women's tournaments.

El Salvador at the 2012 Summer Olympics
El Salvador competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, United Kingdom, from 27 July to 12 August 2012. This was the nation's tenth appearance at the Olympics.

Comité Olímpico de El Salvador sent a total of 10 athletes to the Games, 5 men and 5 women, to compete in 7 sports. Rifle shooter Melissa Mikec, wife of Serbian athlete Damir Mikec, chose to compete for her nation's team, despite also having Serbian citizenship on account of her marriage to Mikec. Road cyclist Evelyn García, who was at her third Olympic Games, reprised her role as El Salvador's flag bearer at the opening ceremony, the first being done in 2004. El Salvador, however, has yet to win its first Olympic medal.
Nõva Nature Reserve
Nõva Nature Reserve is a nature reserve which is located in Lääne County, Estonia.

The area of the nature reserve is 2390 ha.

The protected area was founded in 1985 on the basis of Nõva plant protection area, and on the basis of Nõva Landscape Conservation Area (founded in 1997).

Lääne County
Lääne County (Estonian: Lääne maakond or Läänemaa, literally "Western land"; German: Wiek; Latin: Rotalia) is one of the 15 counties of Estonia. It is located in western Estonia and borders the Baltic Sea to the north, Harju County to the northeast, Rapla County to the east, Pärnu County to the south, and the island counties of Saare and Hiiu to the west. In January 2009, Lääne County had a population of 23,810 – constituting 2.0% of the total population in Estonia.
Dorothy Gibson
Dorothy Gibson (born Dorothy Winifred Brown; May 17, 1889 – February 17, 1946) was an American actress, socialite and artist's model, active in the early 20th century. She survived the sinking of the Titanic and  starred in the first motion picture based on the disaster.

Model (art)
An art model is a person who poses, often nude, for visual artists as part of the creative process, providing a reference for the human body in a work of art. The importance of the human figure in Western art begins with the Ancient Greeks, which was rediscovered in the Renaissance, art modelling then becoming an occupation. With few exceptions, models remained anonymous until the 19th century.

Modern nude models have most often been employees of art schools, and paid by the hour to pose. As an occupation, modeling requires the often strenuous 'physical work' of holding poses for the required length of time, the 'aesthetic work' of performing a variety of interesting poses, and the 'emotional work' of maintaining a socially ambiguous role. While the role of nude models is well-established as a necessary part of artistic practice, public nudity remains transgressive, and models may be vulnerable to stigmatization or exploitation.: 1
Houston black (soil)
Houston black soil extends over 1,500,000 acres (6,100 km2) of the Texas blackland prairies and is the Texas state soil. The series is composed of expansive clays and is considered one of the classic vertisols.

Houston black soils are used extensively for grain sorghum, cotton, corn, small grain, and forage grasses. In their natural state, they support mostly tall and mid grass prairies of big bluestem (Andropogon gerardi), sideoats grama (Bouteloua curtipendula), switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium), and indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans), with some elm (Ulmus spp.), hackberry (Celtis spp.) and mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa) trees. The soil also shrinks and swells with variations in how much water it contains. In the USDA taxonomic system it is designated an "Udic Haplusterts".

Andropogon gerardi
Andropogon gerardi, commonly known as big bluestem, is a species of tall grass native to much of the Great Plains and grassland regions of central and eastern North America. It is also known as tall bluestem, bluejoint, and turkeyfoot.
Nic Fitisemanu
Nic Fitisemanu is a retired New Zealand rugby union player of Samoan descent who played number 8 for Nottingham, Newport Gwent Dragons and Bourg-en-Bresse.

He is now coaching at his former club Marist St Pats in Wellington.

He is a relative of actor and former professional wrestler Dwayne Johnson.

Nottingham R.F.C.
Nottingham Rugby Club is a rugby union club based in Nottingham, England. The club's first team currently plays in the Champ Rugby, the second tier of the English rugby union system.

The first XV are nicknamed The Archers, in reference to the famous Robin Hood. Now situated in the Lady Bay area of Nottingham, the club was formerly based at Meadow Lane, the home ground of Notts County F.C. They previously played at Ireland Avenue in Beeston until the end of the 2005–06 season.
DJ Uiagalelei
David John Uiagalelei (/uiˌʌŋɡələˈleɪ/ oo-ee-UNG-gə-lə-LAY; born April 17, 2001) is an American professional football quarterback for the Los Angeles Chargers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Clemson Tigers, Oregon State Beavers, and Florida State Seminoles. He signed with the Chargers as an undrafted free agent in 2025.

Oregon State Beavers football
The Oregon State Beavers football team represents Oregon State University in NCAA Division I FBS college football. The team first fielded an organized football team in 1893 and is a member of the Pac-12 Conference.

Their home games are played at Reser Stadium in Corvallis, Oregon.
Nothing Ever Hurt Me (Half as Bad as Losing You) (song)
"Nothing Ever Hurt Me (Half as Bad as Losing You)" is a novelty song written by Bobby Braddock and recorded by American country singer George Jones. The song was recorded at a blistering speed and contains tongue twisting lyrics about a country boy for whom nothing ever goes right. The song would reach #7 on the charts. In the liner notes to the 1982 Jones compilation Anniversary – 10 Years of Hits, producer Billy Sherrill writes that Jones rarely performed the song live because he could never remember all the words. Jones would record several more Braddock compositions, including "He Stopped Loving Her Today."

Billy Sherrill
Billy Norris Sherrill (November 5, 1936 – August 4, 2015) was an American record producer, songwriter, and arranger associated with country artists, notably Tammy Wynette and George Jones.  Sherrill and business partner Glenn Sutton are regarded as the defining influences of the countrypolitan sound, a smooth amalgamation of pop and country music that was popular during the late 1960s and throughout the 1970s.  Sherrill also co-wrote many hit songs, including "Stand by Your Man" (written with Tammy Wynette) and "The Most Beautiful Girl" (written with Rory Bourke and Norro Wilson).