hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
David Melville (priest)
David Melville, DD (5 February 1813 – 8 March 1904) was a Church of England priest and university administrator.

Educated initially at Shrewsbury School, he was subsequently awarded a scholarship to Brasenose College, Oxford, where after graduating he was ordained as a clergyman. He became a University don, and one of his scholars was William Ward, 1st Earl of Dudley. In 1846 he left Oxford and moved to Durham where he founded Bishop Hatfield's Hall. He was Canon of Worcester Cathedral until he resigned in late 1902.

He married Emma Hill at Kilcoo, County Down on 28 July 1848.

Shrewsbury School
Shrewsbury School is a private school in Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England.

It was founded in 1552 by Edward VI by royal charter, to replace the town's Anglo-Saxon collegiate foundations which were disestablished in the sixteenth century. It is one of the seven public schools in the UK subject to the Public Schools Act 1868 and one of the nine schools reviewed by the Clarendon Commission between 1861 and 1864. The school is notable for being the education site of renowned scientist Charles Darwin.

It was originally founded as a boarding school for boys. In 2008, however, girls were accepted in the sixth form. Since 2015 Shrewsbury School has been a co-educational school. As at Michaelmas Term 2023, Shrewsbury School had 842 pupils: 522 boys and 320 girls. The school has seven boys', and five girls' houses. Alumni of the school are known as Old Salopians.

The present school site, to which the school moved in 1882, is on the south bank of the River Severn.
Tumor Bank
A tumor bank is sometimes also referred to as a Tissue Bank, since normal tissues for research are also often collected. However, this function is distinct from a Tissue Bank which collects and harvests human cadaver tissue for medical research and education, and banks which store Biomedical tissue for organ transplantation.

Biomedical tissue
Biomedical tissue is biological tissue used for organ transplantation and medical research, particularly cancer research. When it is used for research it is a biological specimen.

Such tissues and organs may be referred to as implant tissue, allograft, xenograft, skin graft tissue, human transplant tissue, or implant bone. Tissue is stored in tissue establishments or tissue banks under cryogenic conditions. Fluids such as blood, blood products and urine are stored in fluid banks under similar conditions.
Võ Duy Nam
Võ Duy Nam (born 15 May 1986 or 28 June 1986) is a Vietnamese footballer. He plays for Hồ Chí Minh City which is playing in V-League.

He was called to Vietnam national under-23 football team to attend 2007 SEA Games.

Then, was called to Vietnam national football team at the friendly matches against China PR, Hong Kong and Mozambique.

Hong Kong national football team
The Hong Kong representation football team (Chinese: 香港足球代表隊; Cantonese Yale: Hēunggóng jūkkàuh doihbíu deuih; recognised as Hong Kong, China by FIFA) represents Hong Kong in international football and is controlled by the Football Association of Hong Kong, China, the governing body for football in Hong Kong.

Hong Kong hosted the first AFC Asian Cup in 1956 and won third place, also reaching the semifinals in 1964. Hong Kong did not qualify for another AFC tournament until 2023. They had never qualified for the FIFA World Cup but have qualified for the EAFF E-1 Football Championship five times, in 2003, 2010, 2019, 2022 and 2025.
Thawang
Thawang (Nepali: थबाङ) is a village development committee in Rolpa District in the Lumbini Province of western Nepal. At the time of the 2021 Nepal census it had a population of 4522 people living in 853 individual households. It is now in Thabang Rural Municipality Ward No. 2 and 3. This is a beautiful settlement of Nepal. This settlement has a majority of Magar and is the main settlement area of Kham speakers. From this place, you can go to Jaljala, a famous and beautiful place in Nepal. It was one of the first villages to rise up against the monarchy in the Nepalese Civil War and subsequently the site of a massacre perpetrated by the Royal Nepali Army in 2002.

Magars
The Magars, also spelled Mangar and Mongar, are the Tibeto-Burman ethnic group native to Nepal and Northeast India, representing 6.9% of Nepal's total population according to the 2021 Nepal census. They are one of the main Gurkha tribes.

The first home of the Magars was to the west of the Gandaki River and, roughly speaking, consisted of that portion of Nepal which lies between and around about Gulmi, Arghakhanchi, and Palpa.
This part of the country was divided into twelve districts known as Bahra Magarat (Confederation of Twelve Magar villages), which included the following regions of that period: Argha, Khanchi, Bhirkot, Dhor, Garhung, Ghiring, Gulmi, Isma, Musikot, Rising, Satung, and Pyung.
During the medieval period, the whole area from Palpa to Rukum Rolpa was called the Magarat, a place settled and inhabited by Magars.
Another confederation of eighteen Magar kingdoms, known as Athara Magarat, also existed and was originally inhabited by Kham Magars.
Technology University station
Technology University station (simplified Chinese: 技术大学; traditional Chinese: 技術大學; pinyin: Jìshù Dàxué; Cantonese Yale: Geihseuht Daaihhohk) is a station on Line 16 of Shenzhen Metro. It opened on 28 December 2022.

Yale romanization of Cantonese
The Yale romanization of Cantonese was developed by Yale scholar Gerard P. Kok for his and Parker Po-fei Huang's textbook Speak Cantonese initially circulated in looseleaf form in 1952 but later published in 1958. Unlike the Yale romanization of Mandarin, it is still widely used in books and dictionaries, especially for foreign learners of Cantonese. It shares some similarities with Hanyu Pinyin in that unvoiced, unaspirated consonants are represented by letters traditionally used in English and most other European languages to represent voiced sounds. For example, [p] is represented as b in Yale, whereas its aspirated counterpart, [pʰ] is represented as p. Students attending the Chinese University of Hong Kong's New-Asia Yale-in-China Chinese Language Center are taught using Yale romanization.

Some enthusiasts employ Yale romanisation to explore writing Cantonese as an alphabetic language.
Evil God challenge
The evil God challenge is a philosophical thought experiment. The challenge is to explain why an all-good God is more likely than an all-evil God. Those who advance this challenge assert that, unless there is a satisfactory answer to the challenge, there is no reason to accept that God is good or can provide moral guidance.

Omnibenevolence
Omnibenevolence is the property of possessing maximal goodness. Some philosophers, such as Epicurus, have argued that it is impossible, or at least improbable, for a deity to exhibit such a property alongside omniscience and omnipotence, as a result of the problem of evil. However, some philosophers, such as Alvin Plantinga, argue the plausibility of co-existence.
Deborah Randall
Deborah Randall (born 1957) is a British poet. Randall started writing in 1986, and in 1988 she won the first (and only) Bloodaxe National Poetry Competition. Her debut poetry collection, The Sin Eater (1989) was a Poetry Book Society Recommendation, and won a Scottish Arts Council Book Award. Her second collection, White Eyes Dark Ages (1993), was a portrait in verse of John Ruskin.

Randall was born in 1957 in Gosport, Hampshire. She worked in various places – including a plastics factory, hotels and a children's home – before studying English at Sheffield University. She moved to live in Kirkwall in Orkney, and later Ullapool in Scotland.

Scottish Arts Council
The Scottish Arts Council (Scottish Gaelic: Comhairle Ealain na h-Alba), was a Scottish public body responsible for the funding, development and promotion of the arts in Scotland. The Council primarily distributed funding from the Scottish Government as well as National Lottery funds received via the Department for Culture, Media and Sport.

The Scottish Arts Council was formed in 1994 following a restructuring of the Arts Council of Great Britain, but had existed as an autonomous body since a royal charter of 1967. In 2010 it merged with Scottish Screen to form Creative Scotland.
Carex dolichophylla
Carex dolichophylla is a species of flowering plant in the family Cyperceae. It is a perennial herb endemic to southern Chile. It belongs to the Carex subg. Uncinia, one of the six currently recognized Carex subgenera, that corresponds to the now defunct genus Uncinia, formally transferred to Carex on 2015. The species was formerly known as Uncinia macrophylla Steud.

Uncinia
Uncinia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Cyperaceae, known as hook-sedges in Australia and as hook grasses or bastard grasses in New Zealand. The genus is characterised by the presence of a long hook formed by an extension of the rachilla, which is used to attach the fruit to passing animals (epizoochory), especially birds, and it is this feature which gives the genus its name, from the Latin uncinus, meaning a hook or barb.
Geren
Geren is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bob Geren (born 1961), American baseball player

Charlie Geren (born 1949), American politician

Pete Geren (born 1952), American politician

Preston Geren Jr. (1923–2013), American architect and father of Charlie and Pete Geren

Preston Geren Sr. (1891–1969), American architect and engineer and father of Preston Geren Jr.

Richard Geren (1917-2002), American geologist

Bob Geren
Robert Peter Geren (born September 22, 1961) is an American former professional baseball catcher and manager, who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the New York Yankees (1988–1991) and San Diego Padres (1993). Geren managed the Oakland Athletics from 2007 through 2011. He has served in various coaching capacities for the A's and New York Mets, and Los Angeles Dodgers. He is currently the major league field coordinator for the Dodgers. Geren is a three-time World Series champion (2020, 2024 and 2025).
2022 Budapest Open
The 2022 Budapest Open was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the fourth edition of the tournament and first as a WTA 125 which is also part of the 2022 WTA 125 tournaments, offering a total of $115,000 in prize money. It took place at the Római Teniszakadémia in Budapest, Hungary between 19 and 24 September 2022.

Tamara Korpatsch
Tamara Korpatsch (born 12 May 1995) is a German tennis player.
She has a career-high singles WTA ranking of No. 71, achieved on 23 October 2023, and doubles ranking of No. 290, achieved on 21 October 2024. Korpatsch owns one singles title on the WTA Tour. She has also won one singles title on WTA Challenger Tour and eleven singles titles on the ITF Circuit.
Javier Weber
Carlos Javier Weber (born 6 January 1966) is an Argentine professional volleyball coach and former player, a former member of the Argentina national team. Weber represented his native country in three Olympic Games: Seoul 1988 (bronze medal), Atlanta 1996, and Sydney 2000. He also took part in five World Championship editions (1986, 1990, 1994, 1998, 2002). He serves as head coach for JT Thunders and an assistant coach for the U.S. national team.

2002 FIVB Men's Volleyball World Championship
The 2002 FIVB Men's Volleyball World Championship was the 15th edition of the event, organised by the world's governing body, the FIVB. It was held in Salta, Córdoba, Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Santa Fé and San Juan in Argentina from September 28 to October 13, 2002. All times are Argentina Time (UTC−03:00).
Comstock Saloon
Comstock Saloon is a historic saloon in San Francisco, California, located in San Francisco's North Beach. The building, since 1907, housed several different bars and owners. The predecessor being the San Francisco Brewing Company (1985–2012), which is the oldest microbrewery in San Francisco. The bar is named after Henry Comstock and for his Comstock Lode, and is currently owned by Jeff Hollinger and Jonny Raglin, both also bartenders for Absinthe Brasserie & Bar. The bar is preserving most of the building's history, including the interior of the building which has been remained unchanged.

Craft beer
Craft beer is beer manufactured by craft breweries, which typically produce smaller amounts of beer than larger "macro" breweries and are often independently owned. Such breweries are generally perceived and marketed as emphasising enthusiasm, new flavours, and varied brewing techniques.

The microbrewery movement began in both the United States and United Kingdom in the 1970s, although traditional artisanal brewing existed in Europe for centuries and subsequently spread to other countries. As the movement grew, and some breweries expanded their production and distribution, the more encompassing concept of craft brewing emerged. A brewpub is a pub that brews its own beer for sale on the premises.
1993 Welsh Open (snooker)
The 1993 Welsh Open (officially the 1993 Regal Welsh Open) was a professional ranking snooker tournament that took place between 21 and 31 January 1993 at the Newport Leisure Centre in Newport, Wales. Television coverage on BBC Wales started on 28 January.

Stephen Hendry, the defending champion, lost in the third round to Nigel Bond.

Ken Doherty defeated Alan McManus 9–7 in the final to win his first ranking title.

Newport Centre (Wales)
Newport Centre was a leisure centre in Newport, South Wales. Located in Newport city centre on the west bank of the River Usk adjacent to the Kingsway Shopping Centre, it included a pool and sports facilities as well as suites. Events including concerts, international business conferences and art exhibitions were held there. The centre opened in 1985 and closed in 2023, when it was demolished; Newport City Council plans to replace it with a new leisure centre nearby, without concert facilities.
Udston, Texas
Udston is a ghost town in Houston County, Texas, United States. Situated on Farm to Market Road 229, it was established in the late 1880s, and post office operated in the community from 1887 to 1894. It peaked in the 1890s, with three businesses, and was abandoned by the 1930s.

Houston County, Texas
Houston County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 22,066. Its county seat is Crockett. Houston County was one of 46 entirely dry counties in the state of Texas, until voters in a November 2007 special election legalized the sale of alcohol in the county.

Houston County was the first new county created under the nine-year Republic of Texas on June 12, 1837. The original boundaries of Houston County also included all of present-day Anderson and Trinity Counties, and portions of present-day Henderson and Polk Counties.

The county is named for Sam Houston, President of the Republic of Texas and Governor of Texas. Other than being named for the same person, Houston County is not related to the City of Houston, which is located about 100 mi (160 km) to the south, in Harris County.
Chundawat
Chundawat is a clan and were powerful chiefs in the Mewar region during the 1700s. They are the descendants of the 15th-century Mewari prince Chunda Sisodia, the eldest son of Rana Lakha. Having surrendered his right to the throne to his younger brother Mokal Singh, Chunda gained for his descendants the right to advise the reigning Rana on matters of State as well as an exalted position on the royal council.

Mokal Singh
Mokal or Mokal Singh (1409–1433), was the Maharana of Mewar Kingdom in medieval India. Henry Soszynski dates his reign to r. 1421–1433, and his lifespan to c. 1409 – c. 1433. S. Devadas Pillai dates his reign to 1397–1433.

He was a son of Maharana Lakha Singh. Maharana Mokal has been described as a great builder, a trait which he had inherited from his father. He created various buildings along with completing those commenced by his father Lakha. Among the monuments he built was the Temple of Brahma in Chittorgarh.
Arabia Terra
Arabia Terra is a large upland region in the north of Mars that lies mostly in the Arabia quadrangle, but a small part is in the Mare Acidalium quadrangle. It is densely cratered and heavily eroded. This battered topography indicates great age, and Arabia Terra is presumed to be one of the oldest terrains on the planet. It covers as much as 4,500 km (2,800 mi) at its longest extent, centered roughly at 21°N 6°E﻿ / ﻿21°N 6°E﻿ / 21; 6 with its eastern and southern regions rising 4 km (13,000 ft) above the north-west. Alongside its many craters, canyons wind through the Arabia Terra, many emptying into the large northern lowlands of the planet, which borders Arabia Terra to the north.

HiRISE
High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment is a camera on board the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter which has been orbiting and studying Mars since 2006. The 65 kg (143 lb), US$40 million instrument was built under the direction of the University of Arizona's Lunar and Planetary Laboratory by Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp. It consists of a 0.5 m (19.7 in) aperture reflecting telescope, the largest so far of any deep space mission, which allows it to take pictures of Mars with resolutions of 0.3 m/pixel (1 ft/pixel), resolving objects below a meter across.

HiRISE has imaged Mars exploration rovers on the surface, including the Opportunity rover and the ongoing Curiosity mission.
Prince Edward Island Route 20
Route 20 is a 32.3 km (20.1 mi), two-lane, uncontrolled-access, secondary highway in Prince Edward Island. Its western terminus is at Route 2 and Route 6 in Kensington and its eastern terminus is at Route 6 and Route 8 in New London. The route is located in Prince and Queens counties.

New London, Prince Edward Island
New London is a Canadian rural community located in Queens County, Prince Edward Island.

Situated in the township of Lot 21, halfway between Kensington and Cavendish, New London was formerly known as Clifton and previous to that, Graham's Corner.

New London is primarily a farming and fishing community with its neatly manicured fields and gently rolling hills providing pastoral scenery surrounding a busy harbour.  In recent decades tourism has played an increasingly important role in the community's economy.

Lucy Maud Montgomery, one of Canada's most famous authors, was born in New London on November 30, 1874. She wrote 23 books, including a short-story collection and a poetry anthology, but is best known for Anne of Green Gables, published in 1908.
Catriona Gray
Catriona Elisa Magnayon Gray (English: /ˈkætrɪɔːnəˌ kɑːt-/ KAT-ree-aw-nə, KAHT-; Tagalog: [ˌkaːtɾiˈɔː.na]; born January 6, 1994) is a Filipino model, singer, actress and beauty queen best known for winning Miss Universe 2018. The fourth Filipina to win Miss Universe, Gray was previously crowned Miss World Philippines 2016 and Miss Universe Philippines 2018, and reached the top five at Miss World 2016.

Miss World 2016
Miss World 2016 was the 66th edition of the Miss World pageant, held at the MGM National Harbor in Oxon Hill, Maryland, United States, on 18 December 2016.

Mireia Lalaguna of Spain crowned her successor Stephanie Del Valle of Puerto Rico at the end of the event. It was the second time the Miss World pageant was held in the United States, and the second time where Puerto Rico was crowned Miss World, after Wilnelia Merced in 1975.
David Awschalom
David D. Awschalom (born 1956 in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States) is an American condensed matter experimental physicist. He is best known for his work in spintronics in semiconductors.

Awschalom graduated from the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign with a B.Sc. in physics. He received a Ph.D. in experimental physics from Cornell University. He is the director of the Chicago Quantum Exchange and a Liew Family Professor in Molecular Engineering at the University of Chicago's Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering (PME). He previously served as the director of the California Nanosystems Institute and was a professor in the physics department at the University of California, Santa Barbara as well as an associated faculty member in the department of electrical and computer engineering. He has a Hirsch number of 96.

Spintronics
Spintronics (a portmanteau of spin transport electronics), also known as spin electronics, is the study of the intrinsic spin of the electron and its associated magnetic moment, in addition to its fundamental electronic charge, in solid-state devices. The field of spintronics concerns spin-charge coupling in metallic systems. The analogous effects in insulators fall into the field of multiferroics.

Spintronics fundamentally differs from traditional electronics in that, in addition to charge state, electron spins are used as a further degree of freedom, with implications in the efficiency of data storage and transfer. Spintronic systems are most often realised in dilute magnetic semiconductors (DMS) and Heusler alloys and are of particular interest in the field of quantum computing, such as atomtronics computation.
Annotation
An annotation is extra information associated with a particular point in a document or other piece of information. It can be a note that includes a comment or explanation. Annotations are sometimes presented in the margin of book pages. For annotations of different digital media, see web annotation and text annotation.

Version control
Version control (also known as revision control, source control, and source code management) is the software engineering practice of controlling, organizing, and tracking different versions in history of computer files – primarily source code text files, but generally any type of file.

Version control is a component of software configuration management.

A version control system is a software tool that automates version control. Alternatively, version control is embedded as a feature of some systems such as word processors, spreadsheets, collaborative web docs, and content management systems, such as Wikipedia's page history.

Version control includes options to view old versions and to revert a file to a previous version.
Ploog
Ploog is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Detlev Ploog (1920–2005), German clinical psychiatrist

Dick Ploog (1936–2002), Australian cyclist

Mike Ploog (born 1942), American storyboard and comic book artist

Richard Ploog (born 1962), Australian drummer, songwriter, producer and singer

Richard Ploog
Richard John Ploog (born 29 October 1962) is an Australian drummer, songwriter, producer and singer who was a member of rock band The Church between 1981 and 1990. Ploog also drummed for Beasts of Bourbon in 1983, Damien Lovelock in 1988 and with fellow The Church member Peter Koppes in 1991 for an album and tour.
He is the father of Irie Ploog, Ruben Ploog, Ollie Ploog, Alice Ploog and Gene Ploog
1980 Gillette Cup
The 1980 Gillette Cup was an English limited overs county cricket tournament held between 2 July and 6 September 1980. It was the eighteenth and final Gillette Cup before it was renamed as the NatWest Trophy in 1981. Middlesex won the tournament, defeating Surrey by 7 wickets in the final at Lord's.

Limited overs cricket
Limited overs cricket, also known as white ball cricket, is a version of the sport of cricket in which a match is generally completed within one day. There are a number of formats, including List A cricket (8-hour games), Twenty20 cricket (3-hour games), , 100-ball cricket (2.5 hours) and T10 cricket (1.5 hour games). The name reflects the rule that in the match each team bowls a set maximum number of overs (sets of 6 legal balls), usually between 20 and 50, although shorter and longer forms of limited overs cricket have been played.

The concept contrasts with Test and first-class matches, which can take up to five days to complete. One-day cricket is popular with spectators as it can encourage aggressive, risky, entertaining batting, often results in cliffhanger endings, and ensures that a spectator can watch an entire match without committing to five days of continuous attendance.