hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Marinilactibacillus psychrotolerans
Marinilactibacillus psychrotolerans is a Gram-positive, mesophilic, alkaliphilic, slightly halophilic, highly halotolerant, non-spore-forming and motile bacterium from the genus Marinilactibacillus which has been isolated from a sponge from the Oura beach.

Halophile
A halophile (from the Greek word for 'salt-loving') is an extremophile that thrives in high salt concentrations. In chemical terms, halophile refers to a Lewis acidic species that has some ability to extract halides from other chemical species.

While most halophiles are classified into the domain Archaea, there are also bacterial halophiles and some eukaryotic species, such as the alga Dunaliella salina and fungus Wallemia ichthyophaga. Some well-known species give off a red color from carotenoid compounds, notably bacteriorhodopsin.

Halophiles can be found in water bodies with salt concentration more than five times greater than that of the ocean, such as the Great Salt Lake in Utah, Owens Lake in California, the Lake Urmia in Iran, the Dead Sea, and in evaporation ponds. They are theorized to be a possible analogues for modeling extremophiles that might live in the salty subsurface water ocean of Jupiter's Europa and similar moons.
Bifikafusp alfa/onfekafusp alfa
Bifikafusp alfa/onfekafusp alfa is an experimental cancer treatment intended for the treatment of melanoma. It contains bifikafusp alfa and onfekafusp alfa.

Bifikafusp alfa consists of interleukin-2 (IL-2), a naturally occurring protein that activates certain white blood cells that can recognize and attack cancer cells. Bifikafusp alfa is linked to L19, another protein which was expected to enable the medicine to target cancer cells and not healthy tissue. Onfekafusp alfa consists of tumor necrosis factor which disrupts the blood supply to the tumor, and is also linked to L19.

Interleukin 2
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is an interleukin, which is a type of cytokine signaling molecule forming part of the immune system. It regulates the activities of white blood cells (leukocytes, often lymphocytes) that are responsible for immunity. IL-2 is part of the body's natural response to microbial infection, and in discriminating between foreign ("non-self") and "self". IL-2 mediates its effects by binding to IL-2 receptors, which are expressed by lymphocytes. The major sources of IL-2 are activated CD4+ T cells and activated CD8+ T cells. Put shortly, the function of IL-2 is to stimulate the growth of helper, cytotoxic and regulatory T cells.
Jana Jurečková
Jana Jurečková (née Přistoupilová, born 20 September 1940) is a Czech statistician, known for her work on rankings, robust statistics, outliers and tails, asymptotic theory, and the behavior of statistical estimates for finite sample sizes.

Robust statistics
Robust statistics are statistics that maintain their properties even if the underlying distributional assumptions are incorrect. Robust statistical methods have been developed for many common problems, such as estimating location, scale, and regression parameters. One motivation is to produce statistical methods that are not unduly affected by outliers. Another motivation is to provide methods with good performance when there are small departures from a parametric distribution. For example, robust methods work well for mixtures of two normal distributions with different standard deviations; under this model, non-robust methods like a t-test work poorly.
CCSD
The initials CCSD may represent:

Calgary Catholic School District, Alberta, Canada

California College San Diego

Camden City School District, New Jersey

Central Columbia School District, Pennsylvania

Chappaqua Central School District, New York

Charleston County School District, South Carolina

Cherry Creek School District, Colorado

Clark County School District, Nevada

Clarkstown Central School District, New York

Coahoma County School District, Mississippi

Cobb County School District, Georgia

College Community School District, Iowa

Crook County School District, Oregon

Coupled Cluster Singles and Doubles – a method in coupled cluster theory

Centre pour la communication scientifique directe, a French research organization in charge of open access repositories for academic publishing

Cherry Creek School District
The Cherry Creek School District 5, also known as Cherry Creek Public Schools, is a school district located in western Arapahoe County, Colorado. The current superintendent is Christopher Smith. Former superintendent Scott Siegfried, Ph.D. announced his retirement on January 22, 2021.
It consists of elementary, middle, and high schools. The district headquarters are in Greenwood Village.

The district serves more than 54,000 children and more 300,000 residents in 108 square miles that spread across seven municipalities. The district serves portions of Aurora and Centennial, which make up its majority. The district also encompasses Foxfield and Glendale, as well as most of Cherry Hills Village, portions of Greenwood Village and Englewood, and adjoining areas of unincorporated Arapahoe County.
Dotum
Dotum is a Korean TrueType sans-serif font with a Latin shape similar to that of Helvetica.  Version 5.00 of the font is provided as part of Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8, and Windows Server 2008.

Windows Server 2008
Windows Server 2008, codenamed "Longhorn Server" is  the seventh major version of the Windows NT operating system produced by Microsoft to be released under the Windows Server brand name. It was released to manufacturing on February 4, 2008, and generally to retail on February 27, 2008. Derived from Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008 is the successor to Windows Server 2003 R2 and the predecessor to Windows Server 2008 R2. It removed support for computers without ACPI, and is the first version that includes Hyper-V.

It is the last version of Windows Server that supports 32-bit processors (IA-32).

As of July 2019, 60% of Windows Servers were running Windows Server 2008.
Coordination Council of Islamic Revolution Forces
The Coordination Council of Islamic Revolution Forces (Persian: شورای هماهنگی نیروهای انقلاب اسلامی, romanized: showrā-ye hamāhangi-e nirūhā-ye enǧelāb-e eslāmi) is an umbrella organization of conservative political organizations and figures in Iran, known for its activity during the 2000s, when it was considered "Iran's main conservative alliance".

The organization issued a list of candidates for 2004 Iranian legislative election and backed Ali Larijani in the 2005 Iranian presidential election. In 2006, Hassan Ghafourifard was head of its election headquarters.

Hassan Ghafourifard
Hassan Ghafourifard (Persian: حسن غفوری‌فرد; 5 August 1943 – 9 March 2023) was an Iranian academic and conservative politician. Ghafourifard held government portfolios in the 1980s, before being appointed to the Physical Education Organization under president Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani.

Ghafourifard was born on 5 August 1943. He represented Tehran, Rey, Shemiranat, and Eslamshahr twice in the Parliament of Iran, as well as serving a brief spell from Mashhad and Kalat electoral district.

Ghafourifard ran for Iranian presidential elections twice, and was defeated in both October 1981 and 2001 elections.

Ghafourifard died on 9 March 2023, at the age of 79.
Jalalpur Jattan
Jalalpur Jattan (Punjabi: جلالپور جٹاں, Urdu: جلالپور جٹاں) is a city in Gujrat District in the province of Punjab, Pakistan. It is the centre of Jalalpur Jattan Tehsil and about 50 km from Azad Kashmir.

Gujrat District
Gujrat (Punjabi, Urdu: ضلع گجرات) is a district of Gujrat Division in the Pakistani province of Punjab. The Gujrat District was created by the British Government in 1846. According to the 2023 Pakistani census, the population of the Gujrat District is 3,219,375.
Robert Shaw (Royal Navy officer)
Captain Robert John Shaw MBE (10 February 1900 – 5 August 1995) was an English Royal Navy officer and cricketer. As a cricketer, he played as a right-handed batsman who fielded occasionally as a wicket-keeper. The son of Edward Domett Shaw, the first Bishop of Buckingham, and Agnes Shaw, was born at High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire.

Bishop of Buckingham
Christianity portal

The Bishop of Buckingham is an episcopal title used by a suffragan bishop of the Church of England Diocese of Oxford, in the Province of Canterbury, England. The title takes its name from the historic county town of Buckingham; the See was erected under the Suffragans Nomination Act 1888, by Order in Council dated 22 November 1913. The bishops suffragan of Buckingham have been area bishops since the Oxford area scheme was founded in 1984.

The see became vacant following the death of the former incumbent, Alan Wilson, in February 2024. On Wednesday 27 November 2024 it was announced that the next Bishop of Buckingham would be Dave Bull who was duly consecrated on 27 February 2025.
Little Sucker Lake
Little Sucker Lake is a lake in geographic Osborne Township in the Unorganized North Part of Nipissing District in Northeastern Ontario, Canada, about 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) east of the railway point of Osborne on the Ontario Northland Railway. It is in the Saint Lawrence River drainage basin, and is the location of the mouth of Sucker Creek, the lake's only inflow, arriving at the northwest of the lake from the direction of Sucker Lake. The outflow from Little Sucker Lake flows out at the south as a left tributary of the Jocko River, which flows via Ottawa River to the Saint Lawrence River. The lake is entirely within Jocko Rivers Provincial Park.

Unorganized North Nipissing District
Unorganized North Nipissing District is an unorganized area in northeastern Ontario, Canada. It includes the unincorporated areas in northern Nipissing District, north of the Mattawa River.

The unorganized area is gradually being reduced in size. In 1967, a portion was transferred to Unorganized Timiskaming, and between 1996 and 2001, its area shrunk from 7,216.66 square kilometres (2,786.37 sq mi) to 3,630.64 square kilometres (1,401.80 sq mi), because of annexation by surrounding incorporated towns and townships.
Rowan Milburn
Rowan Claire Milburn (born 18 June 1977) is a New Zealand former cricketer who played as a wicket-keeper and right-handed batter. She appeared in 7 One Day Internationals for the Netherlands in 2000, and 8 One Day Internationals and 2 Twenty20 Internationals for New Zealand in 2007. She played domestic cricket for Otago and Canterbury in New Zealand.

While playing in the Dutch domestic competition, she was selected to play for the Netherlands in the 2000 World Cup in New Zealand. She made the team's only fifty of the tournament when she scored 71 against Ireland.

She became a schoolteacher. She was Assistant Principal of Mountainview High School in Timaru, and as of 2024 she is Principal of Hagley College in Christchurch.

She is the daughter of former New Zealand Test cricketer Barry Milburn, who was also a wicket-keeper.

Mountainview High School, New Zealand
Mountainview High School is a co-educational state high school in Timaru, New Zealand. The school runs from year nine to thirteen. The school has a roll of 453 students as of October 2025; more than 20 are International students.

The school operates a house system, known as Whānau. The three Whānau – "Hiwi", "Moana", and "Whenua" – compete throughout the year for the Preen Shield.

Mountainview has a 2 hectare farmlet attached, as well as a small orchard and beehives. Students rear bobby calves and poultry, as well as carry out basic plant propagation.
Kutthroat Bill: Vol. 1
Kutthroat Bill: Vol. 1 is the fifth studio album by American rapper Kodak Black. It was released through Atlantic Records and Sniper Gang, on October 28, 2022. The album features guest appearances from Lil Crix, VVSNCE, NFL Tuewop and Prince Swanny. Production is handled by Ben Billions, Wheezy, Metro Boomin, Honorable C.N.O.T.E., Smash David, OG Parker, G Koop, Rippa on the Beat, Ayo B, Dr. Zeuz, Dyryk, Tye Beats, SkipOnDaBeat, and C-Clip Beatz, among others. The album also marks Kodak Black's second and last project of 2022.

Smash David
Samuel David Jimenez, professionally known as Smash David, is an American record producer and songwriter. He produced Big Sean's "Bounce Back" and "Pills & Automobiles" by Chris Brown from the Heartbreak on a Full Moon album.
Rees-Jones
Rees-Jones is a compound surname of Welsh origin. It is composed of the names Rees and Jones. People with this name include

Deryn Rees-Jones, Anglo-Welsh poet

Sarah Rees Jones, British historian

Trevor Rees-Jones (businessman), billionaire, president and CEO of Chief Oil & Gas

Trevor Rees-Jones (bodyguard) (born 1968), British bodyguard and sole survivor of the car crash that killed Diana, Princess of Wales

Trevor Rees-Jones (businessman)
Trevor D. Rees-Jones (born 1951) is an American attorney, billionaire businessman, and philanthropist from Texas. He is the founder of Chief Oil & Gas. He has a net worth of approximately $4.4 billion.
James Danell
James Danell (14 July 1821 – 14 June 1881) was an English prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as the Roman Catholic Bishop of Southwark from 1871 to 1881.

Born in London on 14 July 1821, he was ordained to the priesthood by Archbishop Denis-Auguste Affre of Paris on 6 June 1848. Danell was appointed the Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Southwark by the Holy See on 10 January 1871. His consecration to the Episcopate took place on 25 March 1871, the principal consecrator was Archbishop (later Cardinal) Henry Edward Manning of Westminster, and the principal co-consecrators were Bishop Thomas Joseph Brown of Newport and Menevia and Bishop William Placid Morris, Vicar Apostolic Emeritus of Cape Town.

He died in office on 14 June 1881, aged 59.

Catholicism portal

Archbishop of Southwark
The Archbishop of Southwark (Br  [ˈsʌðɨk]) is the ordinary of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Southwark. As such, he is the Metropolitan of the Province of Southwark.

The archdiocese has an area of 3,000 km2 (1,200 sq mi) and covers the London Boroughs south of the Thames, the county of Kent and the Medway Unitary Authority. The Metropolitan See is in Southwark where the archbishop's seat is located at the St George's Cathedral.

The eleventh and current archbishop is John Wilson, who was appointed on 10 June 2019 and was installed on 25 July 2019.
Walwyn
Walwyn is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Charles Walwyn (1883–1959), British Army officer

Clifford Walwyn, West Indian cricketer

Fulke Walwyn, British jockey and racehorse trainer
Fulke Walwyn Kim Muir Challenge Cup

Humphrey Walwyn, Royal Navy officer, Governor of Newfoundland

James Humphrey Walwyn, Royal Navy officer

John Walwyn (by 1520–1566 or later), English politician

Karen Walwyn, American pianist and composer

Keith Walwyn (1956–2003), Kittian footballer

Matt Walwyn, footballer

Myron Walwyn (born 1972), British Virgin Islander politician

Nile Walwyn, footballer

Peter Walwyn, British racehorse trainer

Steve Walwyn (born 1956), English musician

Thomas Walwyn (disambiguation), multiple people

William Walwyn, English pamphleteer, a Leveller and a medical practitioner

Charles Walwyn
Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Lawrence Tyndall "Taffy" Walwyn DSO OBE MC (1883–1959) was a British Army officer of the First World War who received the Military Cross. His son was the race horse trainer Peter Walwyn.

Walwyn was commissioned into the Royal Carmarthen Artillery Militia in June 1901, and transferred to the regular army as a second lieutenant in the Royal Artillery on 24 December 1902.

In 1922, he was appointed as the first commandant of the new Army School of Equitation.
Modular decomposition
In graph theory, the modular decomposition is a decomposition of a graph into subsets of vertices called modules.  A module is a generalization of a connected component of a graph.  Unlike connected components, however, one module can be a proper subset of another.   Modules therefore lead to a recursive (hierarchical) decomposition of the graph, instead of just a partition.

There are variants of modular decomposition for undirected graphs and directed graphs. For each undirected graph, this decomposition is unique.

This notion can be generalized to other structures (for example directed graphs) and is useful to design efficient algorithms for the recognition of some graph classes, for finding transitive orientations of comparability graphs, for optimization problems on graphs, and for graph drawing.

Subset
In mathematics, a set A is a subset of a set B if and only if all elements of A are also elements of B; B is then a superset of A. It is possible for A and B to be equal; if they are unequal, then A is a proper subset of B. The relationship of one set being a subset of another is called inclusion (or sometimes containment). A is a subset of B may also be expressed as B includes (or contains) A or A is included (or contained) in B. A k-subset is a subset with k elements.

When quantified,  is represented as

One can prove the statement  by applying a proof technique known as the element argument:

Let sets A and B be given. To prove that 
suppose that a is a particular but arbitrarily chosen element of A
show that a is an element of B.

The validity of this technique can be seen as a consequence of universal generalization: the technique shows  for an arbitrarily chosen element c. Universal generalisation then implies  which is equivalent to  as stated above.
Chase the Kangaroo
Chase the Kangaroo is the fourth studio release, and third full-length studio album, from alternative rock band the Choir, released in 1988. Considered by critics to be one of their finest albums, Chase the Kangaroo is listed at No. 50 in the book CCM Presents: The 100 Greatest Albums in Christian Music, published in 2002, and No. 4 on the list of the "Top 100 Christian Rock Albums of All Time" by HM Magazine in 2010.

HM (magazine)
HM Magazine is a monthly, digital and print on demand publication focusing on hard rock music and alternative culture of interest to Christians. It is based in Houston, Texas. Originally published as Heaven's Metal, it was renamed to HM in 1995, and in late 2004 Heaven's Metal was reissued as a separate publication from HM, with some shared editorial overlap.
Genomic evolution of birds
The genomic evolution of birds has come under scrutiny since the advent of rapid DNA sequencing, as birds have the smallest genomes of the amniotes despite acquiring highly derived phenotypic traits. Whereas mammalian and reptilian genomes range between 1.0 and 8.2 giga base pairs (Gb), avian genomes have sizes between 0.91 Gb (black-chinned hummingbird, Archilochus alexandri) and 1.3 Gb (common ostrich, Struthio camelus). Avian genomes reflect the action of natural selection and are the basis of their phenotypes, reflected in their morphology and behaviour, which have evolved significantly since their divergence from other archosaurian, diapsid, and amniotic lineages.

Bird vocalization
Bird vocalization includes both bird calls and bird songs. In non-technical use, bird songs (often simply birdsong) are the sounds produced by birds that are melodious to the human ear. In ornithology and birding, songs (relatively complex vocalizations) are distinguished by function from calls (relatively simple vocalizations).
Orfeas
Orfeas (Greek: Ορφέας), named after the mythical musician Orpheus, is a former municipality in the Evros regional unit, East Macedonia and Thrace, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Soufli, of which it is a municipal unit. Its land area is 643.266 km2 (248.366 sq mi). It is located in the north-central part of Evros, and borders both southeastern Bulgaria and northwestern Turkey. The seat of the municipality was in Lavara (pop. 747 in 2021). Much of the land is mountainous and forested to the west, extending up to the Rhodope regional unit.  It is linked with GR-51 (Alexandroupoli – Orestiada – Edirne in Turkey and Svilengrad in Bulgaria). The town of Lávara sits on a plain. It is located SE of Svilengrad, S of Edirne, Turkey and Orestiada, and 13 km N of Soufli and 78 km N of Alexandroupoli.
The municipality's next largest towns are Agriani, Mega Dereio and Amorio.

Evros (regional unit)
Evros (Greek: Περιφερειακή ενότητα Έβρου, romanized: Perifereiakí enótita Évrou) is one of the regional units of Greece. It is part of the region of East Macedonia and Thrace. Its name is derived from the river Evros, which appears to have been a Thracian hydronym. Evros is the northernmost regional unit. It borders Turkey to the east, across the river Evros, and it borders Bulgaria to the north and the northwest.

Its capital is Alexandroupolis. Together with the regional units Rhodope and Xanthi, it forms the geographical region of Western Thrace. The population density was 32 per km2 (2021).
Maddocks
Maddocks is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ada Maddocks (1927–2007), British trade unionist

Ann Maddocks (1704–1727), Welsh maid and a figure in Welsh folklore

Anne Maddocks (1911–2006), English musician

Charné Maddocks (born 1998), South African field hockey player

Chris Maddocks (born 1957), English racewalker

David Maddocks (born 1983), Welsh rugby union player

Henry Maddocks (disambiguation), multiple people

Ian Maddocks (born 1951), Australian cricketer

Kenneth Maddocks (1907–2001), British colonial official

Len Maddocks (1926–2016), Australian cricketer

Margaret Maddocks (1906–1993), English writer

Melrick Maddocks, South Africa field hockey

Mildred Maddocks, American cooking journalist and writer

Morris Maddocks (1928–2008), English Anglican bishop

Peter Maddocks (1928-2024), English cartoonist

Richard Maddocks (1928–1968), Australian cricketer

Rick Maddocks (born 1970), Canadian writer and musician

Margaret Maddocks
Margaret Kathleen Maddocks (née Cooper; 10 August 1906 – 20 October 1993) was a British writer of 17 gothic and romance novels. Before retiring she wrote her autobiography: An Unlessoned Girl in 1977. She is the only novelist to win four Romantic Novel of the Year Award by the Romantic Novelists' Association.
Kamloops Heritage Railway
The Kamloops Heritage Railway (reporting mark KHRX) is a heritage railway located in Kamloops, British Columbia. The railway operates throughout the year in May to December, trains are hauled by 2-8-0 steam locomotive Canadian National Railway No. 2141, also known as the Spirit of Kamloops. The museum's operations are currently suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic, but plans to resume operations in 2026.

2-8-0
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 2-8-0 represents the wheel arrangement of two leading wheels on one axle, usually in a leading truck, eight powered and coupled driving wheels on four axles, and no trailing wheels. In the United States and elsewhere, this wheel arrangement is commonly known as a Consolidation, after the Lehigh and Mahanoy Railroad’s Consolidation, the name of the first 2-8-0.

The notation 2-8-0T indicates a tank locomotive of this wheel arrangement, the "T" suffix indicating a locomotive on which the water is carried in side-tanks mounted on the engine rather than in an attached tender.

The Consolidation represented a notable advance in locomotive power. After 1875, it became "the most popular type of freight locomotive in the United States and was built in greater quantities than any other single wheel arrangement."