hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Street Enterprises
Street Enterprises was a publishing company that focused on reprints of newspaper comic strips from the United States and the United Kingdom. Operating from 1971–1984, Street Enterprises is most known for the sister publications The Menomonee Falls Gazette and The Menomonee Falls Guardian, as well as for taking over publication of the comics news-zine The Comic Reader.

The company was based in Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin, and was the partnership of publisher Jerry Sinkovec (b. 1948) and editor Mike Tiefenbacher (b. 1952), who ran the operation out of a storage trailer. The S and T in "STreet" came from the first letters of the founders' last names.

Jungle Jim
Jungle Jim is the fictional hero of a series of jungle adventures in various media. The series began on January 7, 1934, as an American newspaper comic strip chronicling the adventures of Asia-based hunter Jim Bradley, who was nicknamed Jungle Jim. The character also trekked through radio, film, comic book and television adaptations.  Notable was a series of films and television episodes in which Johnny Weissmuller portrayed the safari-suit wearing character, after hanging up his Tarzan loincloth. The strip concluded on August 8, 1954.
Paola Giuliano
Paola Giuliano (Italy ,1972) is an economist and currently the Chauncey J. Medberry Chair in Management at the University of California, Los Angeles.

Giuliano is a research affiliate at the Centre for Economic Policy Research, a research fellow at the Institute of Labour Economics (IZA) and a research associate at the NBER. In 2004, she won the Young Economic Award from the European Economic Association, which has also elected her fellow.

National Bureau of Economic Research
The National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) is an American private nonprofit research organization "committed to undertaking and disseminating unbiased economic research among public policymakers, business professionals, and the academic community." The NBER is known for proposing start and end dates for recessions in the United States.

Many chairpersons of the Council of Economic Advisers were previously NBER research associates, including the former NBER president and Harvard professor Martin Feldstein. The NBER's current president and CEO is James M. Poterba of MIT.
Zorak, Armenia
40°05′33″N 44°23′31″E﻿ / ﻿40.09250°N 44.39194°E﻿ / 40.09250; 44.39194

Zorak (Armenian: Զորակ; Azerbaijani: Zəngilər) is a village in the Masis Municipality of the Ararat Province of Armenia. The village was mainly populated by Azerbaijanis before the exodus of Azerbaijanis from Armenia after the outbreak of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. In 1988-1989 Armenian refugees from Azerbaijan settled in the village.

Azerbaijanis in Armenia
Azerbaijanis in Armenia (Azerbaijani: Ermənistan azərbaycanlıları or Qərbi azərbaycanlılar, lit. 'Western Azerbaijanis') numbered 29 people according to the 2001 census of Armenia. Although they have previously been the biggest minority in the country according to 1831–1989 censuses, they are virtually non-existent since 1988–1991 when most fled or were forced out of the country as a result of the tensions of the First Nagorno-Karabakh War to neighboring Azerbaijan. The UNHCR estimates that the current population of Azerbaijanis in Armenia to be somewhere between 30 and a few hundred people, with most of them living in rural areas as members of mixed couples (mostly mixed marriages), as well as elderly or sick. Most of them are reported to have changed their names to maintain a low profile to avoid discrimination.
Paul Quattlebaum House
Paul Quattlebaum House is a historic home in Conway, Horry County, South Carolina, It was built about 1890 and is a 1½-story, gambrel-roofed, single-clad frame residence. It was remodeled in 1911 in the Dutch Colonial Revival style by Paul Quattlebaum to take its present form.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.

Horry County, South Carolina
Horry County (/ˈɒriː/ OR-ree, silent "h" like its namesake Peter Horry) is the easternmost county in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2020 census, its population was 351,029. It is the fourth-most populous county in South Carolina. The county seat is Conway. Horry County is the central county in the Myrtle Beach-Conway-North Myrtle Beach, SC Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is in the Pee Dee region of South Carolina, about 90 miles (140 km) north of Charleston, and about 130 miles (210 km) east of the state capital, Columbia.
Yeram S. Touloukian
Yeram Sarkis Touloukian (December 28, 1920 – June 12, 1981) was an American professor of mechanical engineering and director of the Thermophysical Properties Research Center (now known as CINDAS) at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Indiana.  He was world-renowned for his work in thermophysics and his name has become synonymous with the field of thermophysical properties.

ASTM International
ASTM International, formerly known as American Society for Testing and Materials, is a standards organization that develops and publishes voluntary consensus technical international standards for a wide range of materials, products, systems and services. Some 12,575 apply globally. The headquarters is in West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, about 5 mi (8.0 km) northwest of Philadelphia. It was founded in 1902 as the American Section of the International Association for Testing Materials.

In addition to its traditional standards work, ASTM operates several global initiatives advancing additive manufacturing, advanced manufacturing, and emerging technologies, including the Additive Manufacturing Center of Excellence (AM CoE), the acquisition of Wohlers Associates for market intelligence and advisory services, and the NIST-funded Standardization Center of Excellence (SCOE).
Yale Food Addiction Scale
The Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) is a 25-point questionnaire, based on DSM-IV codes for substance dependence criteria, to assess food addiction in individuals. The scale was released in 2009 by Yale University's Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity.

It was found that the brain mechanisms in people with food addiction were similar to those in people with substance dependence, such as drug addicts. While there is currently no official diagnosis of "food addiction", the YFAS was created to identify persons who exhibited symptoms of dependency towards certain food. Foods most notably identified by YFAS to cause food addiction were those high in fat and high in sugar. A self-reported standardized tool was created by a Yale researcher, Ashley Gearhardt, to determine those individuals at high risk for food addiction, regardless of weight.

Rudd Center for Food Policy and Health
The Rudd Center for Food Policy and Health, formerly named the Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity, is a non-profit research and public policy organization that promotes solutions to food insecurity, poor diet quality, and weight bias. Located in Hartford, Connecticut at The University of Connecticut, the Rudd Center was co-founded in March 2005 at Yale University by benefactor Leslie Rudd and Kelly D. Brownell.  The Rudd Center moved from Yale to the University of Connecticut in December 2014.
Three Gun
Shanghai Three Gun Clothing Manufacturing Factory Co Ltd (Chinese: 三枪; pinyin: Sānqiāng) is a clothing company headquartered in Pudong, Shanghai.

It was previously based in Huangpu District, and in Xinqiao Town in Songjiang District. It was established in 1991.

In 2017 the company collaborated with Mattel, and the American company's Fisher-Price subsidiary, in making a clothing line for infants and toddlers.

Pudong
Pudong is a district of Shanghai located east of the Huangpu, the river which flows through central Shanghai. The name Pudong was originally applied to the Huangpu's east bank, directly across from the west bank or Puxi, the historic city center.  It now refers to the broader Pudong New Area, a state-level new area which extends all the way to the East China Sea.

The traditional area of Pudong is now home to the Lujiazui Finance and Trade Zone and the Shanghai Stock Exchange and many of Shanghai's best-known buildings, such as the Oriental Pearl Tower, the Jin Mao Tower, the Shanghai World Financial Center, and the Shanghai Tower. These modern skyscrapers directly face Puxi's historic Bund, a remnant of former foreign concessions in China. The rest of the new area includes the Port of Shanghai, the Shanghai Expo and Century Park, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai Pudong International Airport, the Jiuduansha Wetland Nature Reserve, Nanhui New City, and the Shanghai Disney Resort.
2025 Vietnamese Women's National Cup
The 2025 Vietnamese Women's National Cup (Vietnamese: Giải bóng đá Nữ Cúp Quốc gia 2025) was the 7th season of the Vietnamese Women's National Cup, a cup competition for women's football teams in Vietnam. All 6 clubs were competed in this edition.

The tournament took place from 25 March to 6 April 2025.

Than Khoáng Sản Việt Nam were the two-time defending champions, but got eliminated by eventual winners Ho Chi Minh City in the semi-finals.

UTC+07:00
UTC+07:00 is an identifier for a time offset from UTC of +07:00. In ISO 8601, the associated time would be written as 2026-02-17T21:18:31+07:00. It is seven hours ahead of UTC, meaning that when the time in UTC is midnight (00:00), the time in areas using the time zone would be 07:00.

Also known as Indochina Time (ICT) and Western Indonesian Time (Indonesian: Waktu Indonesia Barat, WIB) (in Indonesia), it is used in:
Mullingar Arts Centre
Mullingar Arts Centre (Irish: Áras Ealaíne An Muileann gCearr), is a municipal building in Mount Street, Mullingar, County Westmeath, Ireland. Formerly known as County Hall, it was the meeting place of both Westmeath County Council and Mullingar Town Council.

County Westmeath
County Westmeath (/wɛstˈmiːð/; Irish: Contae na hIarmhí or simply An Iarmhí) is a county in Ireland. It is in the province of Leinster and is part of the Eastern and Midland Region. It formed part of the historic Kingdom of Meath, which was named Mide because the kingdom was located in the geographical centre of Ireland (the word Mide meaning 'middle'). Westmeath County Council is the administrative body for the county, and the county town is Mullingar. At the 2022 census, the population of the county was 95,840.
Rhythm Heritage
Rhythm Heritage was a 1970s American funk/R&B band, best known for their 1976 US number one single "Theme from S.W.A.T.". It sold over one million copies and was awarded a gold disc by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) in February 1976. They also recorded theme music for several other ABC television shows, including "Keep Your Eye on the Sparrow," also from 1976, from Baretta (sung by Sammy Davis Jr.).

Rhythm Heritage was formed in 1975 by producer Steve Barri and session keyboardist Michael Omartian, and included bassist Scott Edwards and drummer Ed Greene. Other musicians who played on some of their recordings included Ray Parker Jr., Jeff Porcaro, Victor Feldman, Jay Graydon, Dean Parks, Ben Benay, and Bob Walden.

Bassist
A bassist (also known as a bass player or bass guitarist) is a musician who plays a bass instrument such as a double bass (upright bass, contrabass, wood bass), bass guitar (electric bass, acoustic bass), keyboard bass (synth bass) or a low brass instrument such as a tuba or trombone. Many musical genres tend to be associated with at least one or more of these instruments.
Kingsville Academy
Kingsville Academy was a school which was chartered in Kingsville, Ohio in 1834. Its building was constructed in 1836. In its 37-year history, the institution educated about 5,000 students. With the rise of the public high school, enrollment dwindled and, ultimately led to the Academy`s demise and the building burned down in 1927

Kingsville, Ohio
Kingsville is a census-designated place in central Kingsville Township, Ashtabula County, Ohio, United States. The population was 824 at the 2020 census. It lies at the intersection of State Routes 84 and 193, less than one mile (1.6 km) northwest of Interstate 90.
New Amsterdam (Mad Men)
"New Amsterdam" is the fourth episode of the first season of the American television drama series Mad Men. It was written by Lisa Albert and directed by Tim Hunter. The episode originally aired on the AMC channel in the United States on August 9, 2007.

Lisa Albert
Lisa Albert is an American television writer and producer. She was born in New York City, and is currently based out of Los Angeles, California. Albert originally began working in publishing until she switched to television writing in 1986. She worked on the AMC drama series Mad Men as a writer and producer and won a Writers Guild of America Award for her work on the show.
Wrestling at the 1938 British Empire Games
At the 1938 British Empire Games, the wrestling competition was held in Sydney, Australia, and featured contests in seven weight classes.

The wrestling events were held at the Rushcutters Bay Stadium, following a large number of entries for the boxing and wrestling events.

Wrestlers in each weight division would compete in a round-robin to determine final positions.

1938 British Empire Games
The 1938 British Empire Games were the third British Empire Games, the event that evolved to become the Commonwealth Games. Held in Sydney, Australia, from 5–12 February 1938, they were timed to coincide with Sydney's sesqui-centenary (150 years since the foundation of British settlement in Australia). Venues included the Sydney Cricket Ground (the main stadium), the North Sydney Olympic Pool and Henson Park. An estimated 40,000 people attended the opening ceremony. A men's residential village was established within the grounds of the Sydney Showground, while the female athletes were housed in hotels.

The star of the games was the Australian athlete Decima Norman, who won five gold medals in track and field. Margaret Dovey, later married to Australian prime minister Gough Whitlam, finished sixth in the 220 yards breaststroke.

Due to the onset of World War II, the games were not held again until 1950.
Mocis trifasciata
Mocis trifasciata is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in the south-west Pacific region, including Samoa, Fiji, Hawaii, New Zealand, the Society Islands and Queensland.

The larvae feed on Vigna unguiculata, Oryza sativa and Agathis, Pueraria and Brachiaria species.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa, having the common name Asian cultivated rice, is the much more common of the two rice species cultivated as a cereal, the other species being O. glaberrima, African rice. It was first domesticated in the Yangtze River basin in China 13,500 to 8,200 years ago.

Oryza sativa belongs to the genus Oryza and the BOP clade in the grass family Poaceae. With a genome consisting of 430 Mbp across 12 chromosomes, it is renowned for being easy to genetically modify and is a model organism for the study of the biology of cereals and monocots.
Cuba at the 2023 Parapan American Games
Cuba competed in the 2023 Parapan American Games in Santiago, Chile from 17 November to 26 November 2023. This was Cuba's seventh appearance at the Parapan American Games, having competed at every edition of the games since the inaugural edition in 1999.

Paralympic athletes Robiel Yankiel Sol and Omara Durand were the country's flagbearers during the opening ceremony.

Parapan American Games
The Parapan American Games is an international multi-sport event for athletes with physical disabilities held every four years after every Pan American Games. The first Games were held in 1999 in Mexico City, Mexico. The 2003 Parapan American Games was the last Parapan American Games that was not held in the same city as the Pan American Games. The most recent Parapan American Games were held between 17 and 26 November 2023, in Santiago, Chile.
It is organized by the Americas Paralympic Committee.
Dyakonovo, Kolchuginsky District, Vladimir Oblast
Dyakonovo (Russian: Дьяконово) is a rural locality (a village) in Florishchinskoye Rural Settlement, Kolchuginsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 2 as of 2010. There are 2 streets.

Vladimir Oblast
Vladimir Oblast (Russian: Влади́мирская о́бласть, romanized: Vladimirskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Vladimir, which is located 190 kilometers (120 mi) east of Moscow. As of the 2010 Census, the oblast's population was 1,443,693.

The UNESCO World Heritage List includes the 12th-century cathedrals of Vladimir, Suzdal, Bogolyubovo, and Kideksha.
Operation Kurukuru
Operation Kurukuru is an annual maritime surveillance operation conducted by Pacific Island countries to combat illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing. It attempts to combat this within the exclusive economic zone of members of the Pacific Islands Forum, and is run by the Forum Fisheries Agency (FFA) within the Pacific Islands Forum. It is also often done in cooperation with the Pacific Quadrilateral Defence Coordination Group, and usually takes place over two weeks. Initiated in 2005, the operation is one of the longest-running and most coordinated regional maritime security efforts in the Pacific. It is one of four such annual regional operations to combat illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing. It reflects a cooperative security arrangement among small island states with limited maritime enforcement capacities.

Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing
Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing (IUU) is a broad term that refers to fishing without the permission of a nation state, or in contravention of its laws and regulations; unreported or misreported fishing; and fishing that is conducted in an area with no applicable conservation or management measures.

IUU is an issue around the world. The fishing industry observers believe IUU occurs in most fisheries, and accounts for up to 30% of total catches in some important fisheries.
Coptodon nigrans
Coptodon nigrans is a species of fish in the cichlid family. It is endemic to Lake Ejagham in western Cameroon. It was only scientifically described in 2010 and was only rated by the IUCN in 2023, and it faces the same risks as the critically endangered C. deckerti, which is threatened by pollution and sedimentation from human activities, a catfish from the genus Parauchenoglanis that has been introduced to the lake, and potentially also by large emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the lake's bottom (compare Lake Nyos), although Ejagham is too shallow to contain very high amounts of this gas.

It reaches up to 15.3 cm (6 in) in standard length, and closely resembles the smaller C. deckerti.

Siltation
Siltation is water pollution caused by particulate terrestrial clastic material, with a particle size dominated by silt or clay. It refers both to the increased concentration of suspended sediments and to the increased accumulation (temporary or permanent) of fine sediments on bottoms where they are undesirable. Siltation is most often caused by soil erosion or sediment spill.

It is sometimes referred to by the ambiguous term "sediment pollution", which can also refer to a chemical contamination of sediments accumulated on the bottom, or to pollutants bound to sediment particles. Although "siltation" is not perfectly stringent, since it also includes particle sizes other than silt, it is preferred for its lack of ambiguity.
Microsoft SmartScreen
SmartScreen (officially called Windows SmartScreen, Windows Defender SmartScreen and SmartScreen Filter in different places) is a cloud-based anti-phishing and anti-malware component included in several Microsoft products:

All versions of the Microsoft Windows operating system since Windows 8

Web browsers Internet Explorer and Microsoft Edge

Xbox One and Xbox Series X and Series S video game consoles

Online services Microsoft 365 (including Microsoft Outlook and Exchange) and Microsoft Bing.

SmartScreen as a business unit includes the intelligence platform, backend, serving frontend, UX, policy, expert graders, and closed-loop intelligence (machine learning and statistical techniques) designed to help protect customers from safety threats like social engineering and drive-by downloads.

Statistical inference
Statistical inference is the process of using data analysis to infer properties of an underlying probability distribution. Inferential statistical analysis infers properties of a population, for example by testing hypotheses and deriving estimates. It is assumed that the observed data set is sampled from a larger population.

Inferential statistics can be contrasted with descriptive statistics. Descriptive statistics is solely concerned with properties of the observed data, and it does not rest on the assumption that the data come from a larger population. In machine learning, the term inference is sometimes used instead to mean "make a prediction, by evaluating an already trained model"; in this context inferring properties of the model is referred to as training or learning (rather than inference), and using a model for prediction is referred to as inference (instead of prediction); see also predictive inference.
Tsirku River
The Tsirku River  is a glacier-fed stream in Southeast Alaska near the town of Haines in the U.S. state of Alaska. The river's source is found at the Tsirku Glacier, a large, sprawling ice mass at the border of Alaska and the Canadian province of British Columbia. The river ends in a 4-mile (6 km) wide delta near the Tlingit village of Klukwan. While many of the feeding glaciers are primarily in British Columbia, the river course lies entirely in Alaska.

After the Klehini River, the Tsirku River is the second largest tributary of the Chilkat River.

Southeast Alaska
57°34′48″N 135°29′14″W﻿ / ﻿57.58000°N 135.48722°W﻿ / 57.58000; -135.48722

Southeast Alaska, often abbreviated to southeast or southeastern, and sometimes called the Alaska(n) panhandle, is the southeastern portion of the U.S. state of Alaska, bordered to the east and north by the northern half of the Canadian province of British Columbia (and a small part of Yukon). The majority of southeast Alaska is situated in Tlingit Aaní, much of which is part of the Tongass National Forest, the United States' largest national forest. In many places, the international border runs along the crest of the Boundary Ranges of the Coast Mountains (see Alaska boundary dispute). The region is noted for its scenery and mild, rainy climate.

The largest cities in the region are Juneau, Sitka, and Ketchikan. This region is also home to Hyder, the easternmost town in Alaska.
Hochkopf (Northern Black Forest)
The Hochkopf is a mountain in the county of Rastatt in the Black Forest in Germany with height of 1,038.3 m above sea level (NHN). It is located northeast of the nearby Hornisgrinde, the highest mountain of the Northern Black Forest. About 700 metres away to the north, as part of the same mountain ridge, is the Pfrimmackerkopf (1,035.7 m above NHN). The plateau with its semi-protected forest or Schonwald, is a grinde, an open highland landscape typical of the Northern Black Forest, and is part of the Bühlertal conservation area.

Black Forest
The Black Forest (German: Schwarzwald [ˈʃvaʁtsvalt] ⓘ) is a large forested mountain range in the state of Baden-Württemberg in southwest Germany, bounded by the Rhine Valley to the west and south and close to the borders with France and Switzerland. It is the source of the Danube and Neckar rivers.

Its highest peak is the Feldberg with an elevation of 1,493 metres (4,898 ft) above sea level. Roughly oblong in shape, with a length of 160 kilometres (100 miles) and breadth of up to 50 km (30 mi), it has an area of about 6,009 km2 (2,320 sq mi).

Historically, the area was known for forestry and the mining of ore deposits, but tourism has now become the primary industry, accounting for around 300,000 jobs. There are several ruined military fortifications dating back to the 17th century.