hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Monosodium tartrate
Monosodium tartrate or sodium bitartrate is a sodium acid salt of tartaric acid.  As a food additive it is used as an acidity regulator and is known by the E number E335. As an analytical reagent, it can be used in a test for ammonium cation which gives a white precipitate.

E number
E numbers, short for Europe numbers, are codes for substances used as food additives, including those found naturally in many foods, such as vitamin C, for use within the European Union (EU): 27  and European Free Trade Association (EFTA). Commonly found on food labels, their safety assessment and approval are the responsibility of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). The fact that an additive has an E number implies that its use was at one time permitted in products for sale in the European Single Market; some of these additives are no longer allowed today.

Having a single unified list for food additives was first agreed upon in 1962 with food colouring. In 1964, the directives for preservatives were added; In 1970 antioxidants were added; In 1974 emulsifiers, stabilisers, thickeners and gelling agents were added as well.
Menaker
Menaker is a surname of European Jewish origin; 
it is an "occupational surname" relating to Nikkur, sometimes part of the kashering process.
Notable people with the surname include:

Daniel Menaker (1941–2020), American writer, son of Robert

Michael Menaker (1934–2021), American biologist

Robert Menaker (1904–1988), American Soviet spy

Andrei Mironov (1941–1987), born Andrei Menaker, Soviet/Russian actor

Will Menaker, American podcaster, son of Daniel

Michael Menaker
Michael Menaker (May 19, 1934 – February 14, 2021) was an American chronobiologist who was Commonwealth Professor of Biology at University of Virginia. His research focused on circadian rhythmicity of vertebrates, including contributing to an understanding of light input pathways on extra-retinal photoreceptors of non-mammalian vertebrates, discovering a mammalian mutation for circadian rhythmicity (tau mutation in golden hamsters), and locating a circadian oscillator in the pineal gland of bird. He wrote almost 200 scientific publications.
Inga Dauškāne
Inga Dauškāne (born 12 April 1980) is a Latvian cross-country skier. She competed at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2011 in Oslo, the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2013 in Val di Fiemme, and at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi.

Fiemme Valley
Fiemme Valley (Italian: Val di Fiemme, German: Fleimstal) is a valley in the Trentino province, i.e. the southern half of the Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol region, in northern Italy, located in the Dolomites mountain region.
Cannon Air Force Base
Cannon Air Force Base is a United States Air Force base, located approximately 7 miles (11 km) southwest of Clovis, New Mexico. The host unit at Cannon is the 27th Special Operations Wing (27 SOW) also known as "The Steadfast Line". It is under the jurisdiction of Air Force Special Operations Command (AFSOC) which activated at the base on 1 October 2007. The 27 SOW plans and executes specialized and contingency operations using advanced aircraft, tactics and air refueling techniques to infiltrate, exfiltrate and resupply special operations forces (SOF) and provide intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance and close air support in support of SOF operations.

A variety of special operations aircraft are stationed at Cannon, including the AC-130J Ghostrider, MC-130J Commando II, MQ-9 Reaper, CV-22 Osprey and U-28 Draco.

Dallas Love Field
Dallas Love Field (IATA: DAL, ICAO: KDAL, FAA LID: DAL) is a city-owned public airport in the neighborhood of Love Field, 6 miles (9.7 km; 5.2 nmi) northwest of downtown Dallas, Texas, United States. It was Dallas' main airport until 1974 when Dallas Fort Worth International Airport (DFW) opened. Love Field covers an area of 1,300 acres (530 ha) at an elevation of 487 feet (148 m) above mean sea level and has two runways.

Love Field is the birthplace, corporate headquarters, and a major operating base of Southwest Airlines; as of August 2021, Southwest has a 95% market share at the airport. Several full-service fixed-base operators (FBOs) provide general aviation services: fuel, maintenance, hangar rentals, and air charters. The City of Dallas Department of Aviation headquarters is on the airport grounds.
John Joseph Kehoe
John Joseph Kehoe (August 28, 1891 – April 16, 1967) was an accountant and political figure in Ontario. He represented Cochrane North in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1943 to 1945 as a Co-operative Commonwealth member.

The son of Michael J. Kehoe and Caroline Fuller, he was born in King township in 1891. In 1915, Kehoe married Muriel Grier. He lived in Kapuskasing.

He died at a Toronto hospital in 1967.

Kapuskasing
Kapuskasing (/ˌkæpəsˈkeɪsɪŋ/ KAP-əss-KAY-sing) is a town on the Kapuskasing River in the Cochrane District of Northern Ontario, Canada, approximately 92 kilometres (57 mi) east of Hearst and 130 kilometres (81 mi) northwest of Timmins. The town was known as MacPherson until 1917.
Himgiri Superfast Express
The 12331 / 12332 Himgiri Superfast Express is a Superfast train of the Indian Railways connecting Howrah Junction in West Bengal and Jammu Tawi in Jammu and Kashmir. It is currently being operated with 12331/12332 train numbers on three days in week. It covers a total distance of 2,024 km (1,258 mi) that runs through the major north states of India. The old ICF coach of the trains were replaced with the new LHB coach during Mid 14 August 2018.

Saharanpur Junction railway station
Saharanpur Junction (station code SRE) is a railway station in Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.

The station is part of the Northern Railway zone's Ambala Division and the Moradabad–Ambala line via Saharanpur.

It is also part of the Delhi-Meerut-Saharanpur line and Delhi-Shamli-Saharanpur line.

This station is an A category (NSG 3) in Northern Railway. This station is situated in centre of Saharanpur.
Autovia C-60
The Autovia C-60, also known as the Autovia Mataró-Granollers is a highway in Catalonia, Spain. This is a freeway that connects Mataró (the capital of the comarca of the Maresme) and Granollers (the capital of the comarca of the Vallès Oriental).

It connects junction 13 of the Autopista AP-7 with junction 13 of the Autopista Barcelona a Mataró (C-32).  Although the other motorways are tolled the C-60 is free.

41°32′51″N 2°24′44″E﻿ / ﻿41.54750°N 2.41222°E﻿ / 41.54750; 2.41222

Vallès Oriental
Vallés Oriental (Spanish pronunciation: [baˈʎes oɾiˈenta]) is a comarca (county) in the Barcelona region in Catalonia (Spain). Its capital is Granollers. Along with Vallès Occidental it forms the historical Vallès region.

In May 2015, Vallès Oriental lost four municipalities - Castellcir, Castellterçol, Granera, Sant Quirze Safaja - to the new comarca of Moianès.
Steam brig
A steam brig is a two-masted sailing ship with auxiliary steam power. The key advantage was that the ship could sail up-wind and it could use the steam power to move relative to the wind for an advantageous sailing angle.

In practice, the disadvantages combined rather than the advantages.  The type had great wind-resistance, leading to an increased use of fuel up-wind compared to a pure steam ship.  At the same time, the requirement to store coal reduced the cargo space over that of a sailing ship.  It thus combined the slow speed, high maintenance and poor righting (ability to resist capsize and wind) of a sailing ship with the small cargo space and fuel expense of a steam ship.

The ship was typically abbrievated as StBrig - steam brig.

Capsizing
Capsizing or keeling over occurs when a boat or ship is rolled on its side or further by wave action, instability or wind force beyond the angle of positive static stability or it is upside down in the water. The act of recovering a vessel from a capsize is called righting. Capsize may result from broaching, knockdown, loss of stability due to cargo shifting or flooding, or in high speed boats, from turning too fast.

If a capsized vessel has enough flotation to prevent sinking, it may recover on its own in changing conditions or through mechanical work if it is not stable while inverted. Vessels of this design are called self-righting.
Tornareccio
Tornareccio (Abruzzese: Turnarécce) is a comune and town in the province of Chieti in the Abruzzo region of Italy, known for its apiaries and archaeological significance. It is the site of phase III of the Sangro Valley Project.

Province of Chieti
The province of Chieti (Italian: provincia di Chieti; Abruzzese: pruvìngie de Chjìte) is a province in the Abruzzo region of Italy. Its provincial capital is the city Chieti, which has a population of 50,770 inhabitants. The province has a total population of 387,649 inhabitants as of 2017 and spans an area of 2,599.58 square kilometres (1,003.70 sq mi). The province contains 104 comuni (sg.: comune). Its provincial president is Mario Pupillo.

Chieti's cathedral was first constructed during the 9th century but was reconstructed during the 13th century. The province contains the National Archaeology Museum of Abruzzo, in Italian the Museo Archeologico Nazionale d'Abruzzo, which contains items from the area prior to Roman rule.
Brats (1930 film)
Brats is a 1930 Laurel and Hardy comedy short. The film was directed by James Parrott. Laurel and Hardy play dual roles as their own children. It also inspired a helper group for the Michigan tent for The Sons of the Desert, which is composed of all the child members of the tent. This is the first of only three films where the boys each play a dual role: the second is Twice Two and the third and last is Our Relations.

The Sons of the Desert
The Sons of the Desert is an international fraternal organization devoted to the lives and films of comedians Stan Laurel and Oliver Hardy. The group takes its name from a fictional lodge that Laurel and Hardy belonged to in the 1933 film Sons of the Desert.

In keeping with the tongue-in-cheek “desert” theme, each local chapter of the society is called a “tent,” and each tent is named after one of the Laurel and Hardy films and designated with an "Oasis number" (e.g., the Chicago Bacon Grabbers is Oasis #10). There are more than 100 active tents worldwide, mostly in the United States and United Kingdom. Members meet regularly to enjoy Laurel and Hardy movies in an informal atmosphere. Many chapters formed in the 1960s are still active today.
72 Cadogan Square
72 Cadogan Square is a Grade II* listed house in Cadogan Square, London SW1.

The house was built in the British Queen Anne Revival style in 1878, and the architect was Richard Norman Shaw.

A flat in this building was a home for 28 years to American writer Martha Gellhorn. A blue plaque to Gellhorn has been placed at the building.

Richard Norman Shaw
Richard Norman Shaw RA (7 May 1831 – 17 November 1912), also known as Norman Shaw, was a British architect who worked from the 1870s to the 1900s, known for his country houses and for commercial buildings. He is considered to be among the greatest of British architects; his  influence on architectural style was strongest in the 1880s and 1890s.
Apical lymph nodes
An apical (or medial or subclavicular) group of six to twelve glands is situated partly posterior to the upper portion of the pectoralis minor and partly above the upper border of this muscle.

Its only direct territorial afferents are those that accompany the cephalic vein, and one that drains the upper peripheral part of the mamma. However, it receives the efferents of all the other axillary glands.

The efferent vessels of the subclavicular group unite to form the subclavian trunk, which opens either directly into the junction of the internal jugular and subclavian veins or into the jugular lymphatic trunk; on the left side it may end in the thoracic duct.

A few efferents from the subclavicular glands usually pass to the inferior deep cervical glands.

Thoracic duct
In human anatomy, the thoracic duct (also known as the left lymphatic duct, alimentary duct, chyliferous duct, and Van Hoorne's duct) is the larger of the two lymph ducts of the lymphatic system (the other being the right lymphatic duct). The thoracic duct usually begins from the upper aspect of the cisterna chyli, passing out of the abdomen through the aortic hiatus into first the posterior mediastinum and then the superior mediastinum, extending as high up as the root of the neck before descending to drain into the systemic (blood) circulation at the venous angle.

The thoracic duct carries chyle, a liquid containing both lymph and emulsified fats, rather than pure lymph. It also collects most of the lymph in the body other than from the right thorax, arm, head, and neck (which are drained by the right lymphatic duct).

When the duct ruptures, the resulting flood of liquid into the pleural cavity is known as chylothorax.
Piece, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship
Piece [ˈpjɛt͡sɛ] (German: Ulonskofen, 1938-45: Schobendorf) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szczytno, within Szczytno County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It is located in the historic region of Masuria.

The village has a population of 180.

Szczytno County
Szczytno County (Polish: powiat szczycieński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, northern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Szczytno, which lies 45 kilometres (28 mi) south-east of the regional capital Olsztyn. The only other town in the county is Pasym, lying 18 km (11 mi) north-west of Szczytno.

The county covers an area of 1,933.1 square kilometres (746.4 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 69,289, out of which the population of Szczytno is 25,680, that of Pasym is 2,550, and the rural population is 41,059.
Central America (game)
Central America: The United States' Backyard War is a board wargame published by Victory Games a subsidiary of Avalon Hill in 1987. Designed by James McQuaid and developed by Mark Herman, it came with thick rules and 780 counters. Although interest in the topic was high, the game was met with an indifferent reception from purchasers. Nevertheless, it won the 1987 Charles S. Roberts Award for Best Modern Era Board Game.

Charles S. Roberts Award
The Charles S. Roberts Awards (or CSR Awards) is an annual award for excellence in manual, tabletop games, with a focus on "conflict simulations", which includes simulations of military and non-military conflicts. From its founding in 1975 through 2021, the award was almost exclusively focused on historical wargaming, changing to a broader "conflict simulations" in award year 2022 (calendar year 2023).

It is named in honor of Charles S. Roberts the "Father of Wargaming" who founded Avalon Hill. The award is informally called a "Charlie" and officially called a "Charles S. Roberts Award". The Wargamer magazine called it "very prestigious". The award is managed by the Charles S. Roberts Award Committee, which has no commercial sponsorship, and includes designers, writers and hobbyists. It is a "people's award" with winners chosen through votes submitted by fans.

It is considered the most important award in the field of wargames.
Pouteria viridis
Pouteria viridis is a species of flowering plant in the family Sapotaceae known by the common name green sapote.

Other common names include red faisan, white faisan (Belize), zapote blanco, zapote rojo, zapote de castilla, zapote de montana (Costa Rica), zapote verde, zapote injerto (Costa Rica, El Salvador, Honduras), injerto verde (Guatemala), zapotillo calenturiento (Honduras), zapote amarillo, zapote mico, zapote real (Nicaragua), chulul (Mexico), yashtul, mameicito (Spanish), chul (Mam), ixulul (Jacalteco), raxtulul (Poqomchiʼ), tulul (Tz’utujil), and sapota zalená (Czech).

Mam language
Mam is a Mayan language spoken by about half a million Mam people in the Guatemalan departments of Quetzaltenango, Huehuetenango, San Marcos, and Retalhuleu, and the Mexican states of Campeche and Chiapas. Thousands more make up a Mam diaspora throughout the United States and Mexico, with notable populations living in Oakland, California and Washington, D.C. The most extensive Mam grammar is Nora C. England's A grammar of Mam, a Mayan language (1983), which is based on the San Ildefonso Ixtahuacán dialect of Huehuetenango Department.
Birch Creek (Chouteau County, Montana)
Birch Creek in Chouteau County, Montana is a minor tributary of the Missouri River, joining it just downstream of the Judith River. The stream headwaters is at the confluence of the East and West forks just north of Warrick.

Chouteau County, Montana
Chouteau County is a county located in the North-Central region of the U.S. state of Montana. As of the 2020 census, the population was 5,895. Its county seat is Fort Benton. The county was established in 1865 as one of the original nine counties of Montana, and named in 1882 after Pierre Chouteau Jr., a fur trader who established a trading post that became Fort Benton, which was once an important port on the Missouri River.

Chouteau County is home to the Chippewa-Cree tribe on the Rocky Boy Indian Reservation. It contains part of the Lewis and Clark National Forest.
Papyrus 96
Papyrus 96 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), designated by 𝔓96, is a copy of the New Testament in Greek and Coptic. It is a diglot papyrus manuscript of the Gospel of Matthew. The surviving texts of Matthew are verses 3:10-12 (Coptic, Greek lost), 3:13-15 (Greek, Coptic lost). The manuscript paleographically has been assigned to the 6th century.

Papyrus
Papyrus (/pəˈpaɪrəs/ pə-PY-rəs) is a material similar to thick paper that was used in ancient times as a writing material. It was made from the pith of the papyrus plant, Cyperus papyrus, a wetland sedge. Papyrus (plural: papyri or papyruses) can also refer to a document written on sheets of such material, joined side by side and rolled up into a scroll, an early form of a book.

Papyrus was first known to have been used in Egypt (at least as far back as the First Dynasty), as the papyrus plant was once abundant across the Nile Delta. It was also used throughout the Mediterranean region. Apart from writing material, ancient Egyptians employed papyrus in the construction of other artifacts, such as reed boats, mats, rope, sandals, and baskets.
Refahiye
Refahiye is a town in Erzincan Province in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. It is the seat of Refahiye District. Its population is 4,225 (2022). The elevation is 1,589 m. The mayor is Fatih Kök (BBP).

The town is divided into the neighborhoods of Binali Yıldırım, Camiişerif, Hakoğlu, Hökümet and Yenidoğan.

Great Unity Party
The Great Unity Party (Turkish: Büyük Birlik Partisi, BBP) is a far-right Sunni Islamist and ultranationalist political party in Turkey. It was created on 29 January 1993 by Muhsin Yazıcıoğlu, who broke off from the Nationalist Task Party (predecessor of the modern MHP) after a quarrel with Alparslan Türkeş. The BBP's youth wing is the Alperen Hearths.
Shush!
Shush! is a BBC Radio 4 sitcom created, written by and starring Rebecca Front and Morwenna Banks. It follows child prodigy Alice and hapless Snoo as two librarians, trying desperately to keep their local library afloat. The first series was broadcast on BBC Radio 4 in September 2015, with the second series broadcast in May 2017.

The idea was originally developed with Armando Iannucci as a television programme, but was instead commissioned for radio in 2014, with the pilot episode being co-written by Father Ted creator Arthur Mathews. The series also stars Ben Willbond as local library inspector Simon Neilson, and Michael Fenton-Stevens as morally bankrupt celebrity surgeon Dr Cadogan. Guest stars so far have included Geoffrey Whitehead, Frances Barber and Laurence Fox and the show is produced by Pozzitive Television.

Frances Barber
Frances Barber (née Brookes, born 13 May 1958) is an English actress. She received Olivier Award nominations for her work in the plays Camille (1985), and Uncle Vanya (1997). Her film appearances include three collaborations with Gary Oldman in Prick Up Your Ears (1987), We Think the World of You (1988) and Dead Fish (2005); as well as Sammy and Rosie Get Laid (1987); Soft Top Hard Shoulder (1992); and latterly Film Stars Don't Die in Liverpool (2017). Barber's numerous television credits include The Street (2009), Doctor Who (2011), Silk (2012–2014), and Whitstable Pearl (2021–2025).
Daybreak (Philippine TV program)
Daybreak (formerly known as Solar Daybreak) is a Philippine television news broadcasting and talk show broadcast by Talk TV, Solar News Channel and 9TV. Originally hosted by Jing Magsaysay, it aired from October 1, 2012 to March 13, 2015, and was replaced by CNN Philippines Headline News. Amelyn Veloso, Hilary Isaac and Claudine Trillo serve as the final hosts. It featured daily headlines as well as national and local news, weather, traffic, sports, foreign, and entertainment stories. The program aired every weekdays from 7:00 am to 8:30 am (UTC+8:00).

9TV
9TV was a Philippine free-to-air television network. Owned and operated by Nine Media Corporation (formerly Solar Television Network), which serves as the main content provider of Radio Philippines Network (RPN). It was the successor channel of the now-defunct Solar News Channel. It broadcast 18 hours daily from 6:00 AM to 12:00 MN on free TV, as well as 24 hours a day on cable and satellite TV providers, and through live streaming.

Its flagship television station was DZKB-TV channel 9 in Mega Manila and other regional originating and relay stations in the Philippines.

Most of the live programming of the network is from the main studios located at Upper Ground Floor of the Worldwide Corporate Center, Shaw Boulevard corner Epifanio de los Santos Avenue in Mandaluyong with transmitter at No. 97, Panay Avenue, Brgy. South Triangle, Quezon City.

The channel ceased broadcasting on March 15, 2015, and was replaced by CNN Philippines on March 16, 2015.
Kitab Khana
Kitab Khana (Hindi; literally "home for books") is an independent bookshop that was founded in 2010 inside Somaiya Bhavan, a 150-year-old building in Fort, Mumbai, India. It also is the one and only British Council Library of Southern Bombay as it is known for its elegant style and display The colonial-style structure with high ceilings and Corinthian columns often draws attention for its "old-world charm", even though the construction is recent. It has been called "India's most beautiful bookshop". The store is spread over two floors and has an in-house cafe. The shop has a wide collection of world literature, classics, and regional Indian literature in many languages, including Hindi, Marathi and Urdu In 2021, Financial Times included the shop in a list of "the most brilliant bookshops in the world".

Fort (Mumbai precinct)
Fort is a business and art Subdistrict in the city of Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. The area gets its name after the erstwhile defensive fort, Bombay Fort and its annexe Fort George, built by the British East India Company around Bombay Castle.

The area extends from the docks in the east, to Azad Maidan in the west; Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus in the north to Kala Ghoda in the south. This area is the heart of the financial markets of the city & multiple British era structures are located in this neighbourhood.