hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
La Gazette de Berlin
La Gazette de Berlin was a monthly French-language newspaper published and circulated in Germany from 1 June 2006 until 2009. Its editorial office was in Prenzlauer Berg, Berlin, and it was distributed and sold in several cities all over Germany. Its target audience was the French-speaking community in Germany. Only one page of the paper was written in German. It was published by Régis Présent-Griot.

The newspaper's name and masthead (a crowned eagle holding a sheet of paper and a pen) were borrowed from the original La Gazette de Berlin, founded in 1743.

Prenzlauer Berg
Prenzlauer Berg (German pronunciation: [ˌpʁɛnt͡slaʊ̯ɐ ˈbɛʁk] ⓘ) is a locality of Berlin, forming the southerly and most urban district of the borough of Pankow. From its founding in 1920 until 2001, Prenzlauer Berg was a district of Berlin in its own right. However, that year it was incorporated (along with the borough of Weißensee) into the greater district of Pankow.

From the 1960s onward, Prenzlauer Berg was associated with proponents of East Germany's diverse counterculture including Christian activists, bohemians, state-independent artists, and the gay community. It was an important site for the peaceful revolution that brought down the Berlin Wall in 1989. In the 1990s the borough was also home to a vibrant squatting scene. It has since experienced rapid gentrification.
Angachak Range
The Angachak Range (Russian: хребет Ангачак; also "Большой Ангачак" —"Big Angachak") is a mountain range in the Magadan Oblast, Far Eastern Federal District, Russia. The nearest city is Susuman, and the nearest airport Susuman Airport.

Far Eastern Federal District
The Far Eastern Federal District (Russian: Дальневосточный федеральный округ, IPA: [dəlʲnʲɪvɐˈstot͡ɕnɨj fʲɪdʲɪˈralʲnɨj ˈokrʊk]) is the largest and the least populated federal district of Russia, with a population of around 7.9 million and an area of 6,952,555 square kilometres (2,684,396 square miles). The federal district is within North Asia as per the UN geoscheme and it is coextensive with the Russian Far East.
The Tale of Igor's Campaign
The Tale of Igor's Campaign (Old East Slavic: Слово о пълкѹ Игоревѣ, romanized: Slovo o pŭlku Igorevě) is an anonymous epic poem written in the Old East Slavic language. The poem gives an account of a failed raid of Igor Svyatoslavich (d. 1202) against the Polovtsians of the Don River region. While some have disputed the authenticity of the poem, the current scholarly consensus is that the poem is authentic and dates to the Middle Ages (late 12th century).

The Tale of Igor's Campaign was adapted by Alexander Borodin as an opera and became one of the great classics of Russian theatre.  Entitled Prince Igor, it was first performed in 1890.

Halych
Halych (Ukrainian: Галич, IPA: [ˈɦɑlɪtʃ]; Romanian: Halici; Polish: Halicz; Russian: Галич, romanized: Galich; German: Halytsch, Halitsch or Galitsch; Yiddish: העליטש, romanized: Heylitsh) is a historic city on the Dniester River in western Ukraine. The city gave its name to the Principality of Halych, the historic province of Galicia (Halychyna), and the Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia, of which it was the capital until the early 14th century, when the seat of the local rulers moved to Lviv.

Nowadays, Halych is a small town located only on one part of the territory of the former Galician capital, although it has preserved its name. It belongs to Ivano-Frankivsk Raion (district) of Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast (region). It hosts the administration of Halych urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Halych lies 26 km (16 mi) north of the oblast capital, Ivano-Frankivsk. Population: 6,086 (2022 estimate).
David Ince
David Henry Gason Ince DFC (23 March 1921 – 2 August 2017) was a Royal Air Force pilot of the Second World War in Hawker Typhoons who flew nearly 150 sorties and was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross. He flew the only raid in Europe to use napalm, near Arnhem in April 1945. In 1958 he flew an Olympia 419 glider from Lavenham, Suffolk, to Land's End, a distance of 315 miles and a UK glider distance record at that time.

Arnhem
Arnhem (Dutch: [ˈɑrnɛm] ⓘ or [ˈɑr(ə)nɦɛm] ⓘ; German: Arnheim [ˈaʁnhaɪm] ⓘ; Ernems: Èrnem) is a city and municipality situated in the eastern part of the Netherlands, near the German border. It is the capital of the province of Gelderland, located on both banks of the rivers Nederrijn and Sint-Jansbeek, which was the source of the city's development.

Arnhem is home to the Hogeschool van Arnhem en Nijmegen, ArtEZ Institute of the Arts, Netherlands Open Air Museum, Airborne Museum 'Hartenstein', Royal Burgers' Zoo, NOC*NSF and National Sports Centre Papendal. The north corner of the municipality is part of the Hoge Veluwe National Park. It is approximately 55 square kilometres (21 sq mi) in area, consisting of heathlands, sand dunes, and woodlands.
Abbey House Museum
Abbey House Museum in Kirkstall, Leeds, West Yorkshire, England is housed in the gatehouse of the ruined 12th-century Kirkstall Abbey, and is a Grade II* listed building. The house is 3 miles (4.8 km) north-west of Leeds city centre on the A65 road. It is part of the Leeds Museums & Galleries group.

A65 road
The A65 is a major road in England. It runs north west from Leeds in West Yorkshire via Kirkstall, Horsforth, Yeadon, Guiseley, Ilkley and Skipton, west of Settle, Ingleton and Kirkby Lonsdale before terminating at Kendal in Cumbria.
Witold Woyda
Witold Woyda (10 May 1939 – 5 May 2008) was a Polish fencer who won four Olympic medals in the foil between 1964 and 1972, including two gold medals at the 1972 Summer Olympics. He was named the Polish Sportspersonality of the Year for 1972 by readers of Przegląd Sportowy. Born in Poznań, he immigrated to the United States in the late 1970s, settling in Bronxville, New York, and worked for an Italian packaging company.  He had lung cancer for two years prior to his death at his Bronxville home at age 68, five days shy of turning 69.

Przegląd Sportowy
Przegląd Sportowy (Polish pronunciation: [ˈpʂɛɡlɔnt spɔrˈtɔvɨ], Sports Review) is the oldest and now the only Polish sports daily, founded in 1921 in Kraków. In 1926 it initiated an annual, popular plebiscite for the Polish Sportspersonality of the Year. Its current editor-in-chief is Paweł Wołosik.
King Salmon River (Ugashik River tributary)
The King Salmon River is a 35-mile (56 km) tributary of the Ugashik River in the U.S. state of Alaska. Beginning at Mother Goose Lake in the Aleutian Range, it flows northwest to meet the larger river near the upper reaches of Ugashik Bay.  The lake and the upper course of the King Salmon lie within the Alaska Peninsula National Wildlife Refuge. The river's gravel bottom and braided channels are ideal for the many king salmon that spawn in its waters, but they limit navigation to small skiff.

There are many rivers in Alaska bearing the name King Salmon River, including tributaries to the Egegik River and Nushagak River systems in southwest Alaska, alone.  The name is also occasionally confused with a nickname given the Kenai River, a popular fishing stream located in the Cook Inlet drainage of southcentral Alaska.

Besides the large numbers of king salmon, the river also hosts large numbers of sea-run Dolly Varden, Chum Salmon and a small run of Pink Salmon.

Pink salmon
Pink salmon or humpback salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) is a species of euryhaline ray-finned fish in the family Salmonidae. It is the type species of the genus Oncorhynchus (Pacific salmon), and is the smallest and most abundant of the seven officially recognized species of salmon. The species' scientific name is based on the Russian common name for this species gorbúša (горбуша), which literally means humpie.
Adrian Garcea
Adrian Garcea (born 1 June 1999) is a Romanian long-distance runner.

In 2018, he finished in 14th place in the men's 5000 metres event at the 2018 IAAF World U20 Championships held in Tampere, Finland. He also competed in the men's 1500 metres event where he was disqualified after infringement of the inside border.

In 2019, he competed in the senior men's race at the 2019 IAAF World Cross Country Championships held in Aarhus, Denmark. He finished in 118th place. In the same year, he also competed in the men's 1500 metres event at the 2019 European Athletics U23 Championships held in Gävle, Sweden. He did not qualify to compete in the final.

2019 IAAF World Cross Country Championships – Senior men's race
The Senior men's race at the 2019 IAAF World Cross Country Championships was held at the Aarhus in Denmark, on March 30, 2019. Joshua Cheptegei from Uganda won the gold medal by four seconds from fellow countryman Jacob Kiplimo while Kenyan runner, Geoffrey Kamworor finished third.
Pere Serra
Pere Serra was a  painter in Gothic-Italian style, who was active in Catalonia in 1357–1406.

He was born into a family of  painters, including his brothers Jaume, Francesc and Joan. Like most of the Catalan painters of the period, he was influenced by the contemporary Italian painting, especially from Siena. He entered the workshop of Ramón Destorrents in 1357 and, together with his brothers, painted the altarpiece of the monastery of Santa María de Sigena, now in the Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya in Barcelona.

Other works from Pere Serra include the Arrival of the Holy Spirit in the cathedral of Manresa (1394), considered his masterwork, an altarpiece with Saints in the Monastery of Sant Cugat (1375), a Virgin with Six Musician Angels, and Annunciation in the Pinacoteca di Brera in Milan.

Pinacoteca di Brera
The Pinacoteca di Brera ("Brera Art Gallery") is the main public gallery for paintings in Milan, Italy. It contains one of the foremost collections of Italian paintings from the 13th to the 20th century, an outgrowth of the cultural program of the Brera Academy, which shares the site in the Palazzo Brera.
Trojden I, Duke of Masovia
Trojden I (1284/86 – 13 March 1341) was a Polish prince, Duke of Czersk from 1310, ruler over Warsaw and Liw from 1313, and regent of Płock in the years 1336–1340. He was a member of the House of Piast.

Trojden was the second son of Bolesław II of Płock and his first wife Gaudemantė (Sophia), the daughter of Grand Duke Traidenis of Lithuania. He was named after his maternal grandfather.

Czersk, Masovian Voivodeship
Czersk (Polish pronunciation: [t͡ʂɛrsk] ⓘ) is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Góra Kalwaria, within Piaseczno County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. The village also lies on the Czersk Lake (size: 9 hectares), which is an oxbow lake of the Vistula.

Czersk was an important settlement in the past and is one of the oldest Mazovian cities, famous for ruins of a medieval castle constructed in the late 14th century. It was a royal town of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland in the past. In 1247–1526, it was the capital of the Duchy of Czersk, one of medieval Polish duchies. After incorporation of Mazovia into Poland (1526), the duchy was turned into the Czersk Land (see ziemia), part of Masovian Voivodeship (1526–1795). The Land of Czersk was divided into four counties - those of Czersk, Grójec, Garwolin (since 1539), and Warka. Czersk itself was the seat of castellans, who also were senators of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
Multiplicity theory
In abstract algebra, multiplicity theory concerns the multiplicity of a module M at an ideal I (often a maximal ideal)

The notion of the multiplicity of a module is a generalization of the degree of a projective variety. By Serre's intersection formula, it is linked to an intersection multiplicity in the intersection theory.

The main focus of the theory is to detect and measure a singular point of an algebraic variety (cf. resolution of singularities). Because of this aspect, valuation theory, Rees algebras and integral closure are intimately connected to multiplicity theory.

Rees algebra
In commutative algebra, the Rees algebra or Rees ring of an ideal I in a commutative ring R is defined to be

The extended Rees algebra of I (which some authors refer to as the Rees algebra of I) is defined as

This construction has special interest in algebraic geometry since the projective scheme defined by the Rees algebra of an ideal in a ring is the blowing-up of the spectrum of the ring along the subscheme defined by the ideal (see Ideal sheaf § Algebraic geometry).
Poli Marichal
Poli Marichal (born February 1, 1955, Ponce, Puerto Rico) is a Puerto Rican artist living in Los Angeles, California who works in illustration, painting and filmmaking. She is the daughter of painter Carlos Marichal. Her works have consistently explored one of two themes: (1) social, political, and environmental concerns, and (2) introspection and emotions. She is also celebrated as one of the first experimental filmmakers in Puerto Rico, starting this pursuit in the mid-1980s. Marichal has also taught printmaking classes in New York City and California. Some of her awards include the Rockefeller Media Arts Fellowship and a New Works Grant from the Massachusetts Council for the Arts.

Carlos Marichal
Carlos Marichal is a Mexican economic historian who currently works at El Colegio de México, where he has taught since 1989. He has done research and published widely on the economic and financial history of Latin America.
Alison MacCallum
Alison MacCallum (born 7 April 1951), also written Alison McCallum, is an Australian rock singer from the late 1960s and 1970s. Her two studio albums are Fresh Water (March 1972) and Excuse Me (October 1975). In March 1972 she issued her most successful charting single, "Superman", which peaked at No. 12 on Go-Set's National Top 40. In August that year MacCallum provided lead vocals for the Labor Party's campaign theme song, "It's Time", for the 1972 election. By the late 1970s, she had concentrated on session work and then "disappeared from public view". According to Australian musicologist, Ian McFarlane, MacCallum was "a soul/blues stylist of considerable flair and passion". In September 2014 Sony released a 2× CD compilation album, The Essential Alison MacCallum.

Tully (band)
Tully were an Australian progressive rock group, which formed in late 1968. They were credited for the soundtrack album, Hair - An American Tribal (Australian Cast Recording) (1969), which peaked at No. 3 on the Australian albums chart. Their self-titled studio album, Tully (1970), reached No. 9. In 1972 the group disbanded before reforming briefly in 1976 and breaking up again in 1978.
Northwest Omaha
Northwest Omaha is a community area in Omaha, Nebraska. It holds several neighborhoods. The area is loosely bound by West Maple Road to the south, the Douglas-Washington County line to the north, Elkhorn to the west, and McKinley Street, I-680, and 72nd Street to the east.

Douglas County, Nebraska
Douglas County is a county located in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2020 census, the population was 584,526, and was estimated to be 601,158 in 2024, making it the most populous county in Nebraska. The county seat and the largest city is Omaha. the most populous city in Nebraska and the 41st-most populous city in the United States. It contains over 29.98% of the state's population.

Douglas County is part of the Omaha-Council Bluffs, NE-IA Metropolitan Statistical Area.

In the Nebraska license plate system, Douglas County was represented by the prefix "1" (as it had the largest number of vehicles registered in the state when the license plate system was established in 1922). In 2002, the state discontinued the 1922 system in the three most populous counties: Douglas, Lancaster, and Sarpy Counties.
Paso a Paso
Paso a Paso (English: Step by Step) is the sixth studio album recorded by Puerto Rican-American singer-songwriter Luis Fonsi. The album was released by Universal Music Latino on July 12, 2005 (see 2005 in music). The album was certified Disco de Platino for shipments of 200,000 units in the United States.

Universal Music Latin Entertainment
Universal Music Latin Entertainment (UMLE), also known as Universal Música, is the Latin music division of Universal Music Group (UMG), founded in 2008. Headquartered in Los Angeles, with offices in Miami, it oversees the marketing and distribution of Latin music in the US (including Puerto Rico) and Mexico.

UMLE includes labels such as Universal Music Latino, Fonovisa Records, Universal Music México, Capitol Latin, Machete Music, and Disa Records. The division was formed after UMG acquired Univision Music Group and merged it with its roster of Latin artists and catalog.
Robert McLaren (cricketer)
Robert Stewart McLaren (10 May 1919 — 20 August 2006) was a Scottish first-class cricketer and British Army officer.

McLaren was born at Perth in May 1919, where he was educated at Perth Academy. During the Second World War, McLaren was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Black Watch in February 1943. A club cricketer for Carlton Cricket Club, he made his debut for Scotland in first-class cricket against Warwickshire on Scotland's 1947 tour of England. He played first-class cricket for Scotland until 1949, making six appearances. Playing as a wicket-keeper in the Scotland team, he took 6 catches and made 7 stumpings. A true tailend batsman, he scored 23 runs at an average of 2.87. He joined Dunfermline Cricket Club in November 1953. Outside of cricket, he worked firstly as a bank clerk, before becoming the manager of a steel plant. McLaren died in England at Torquay in August 2006.

Stumped
Stumped is a method of dismissing a batter in cricket, in which the wicket-keeper puts down the wicket of the striker while the striker is out of their ground. It is governed by Law 39 of the Laws of Cricket.

Being "out of their ground" means no part of the batter's body, equipment or bat is touching the ground behind the crease.

Stumped is a special case of run out, but a stumping can only be affected by the wicket-keeper without the intervention of another fielder, when the striker is not attempting a run, and the ball must not be a no-ball. If the criteria for both stumped and run out are met, then the dismissal will be recorded as a stumping and credited to the bowler and wicket-keeper.

As always in cricket, one of the fielding team must appeal for the wicket by asking the umpires. It is the striker's end umpire who adjudicates all stumpings, and all run-out appeals at the striker's end.
Judiciary of Colorado
The Judiciary of Colorado is established and authorized by Article VI of the Colorado Constitution as well as the law of Colorado. The various courts include the Colorado Supreme Court, Colorado Court of Appeals, Colorado district courts (for each of the 22 judicial districts), Colorado county courts (for each of Colorado's 64 counties), Colorado water courts, and municipal courts. The administration of the state judicial system is the responsibility of the Chief Justice of the Colorado Supreme Court as its executive head and is assisted by several other commissions. In Denver, the county and municipal courts are integrated and administratively separate from the state court system.

State supreme court
In the United States, a state supreme court (known by other names in some states) is the highest court in the state judiciary of a U.S. state. On matters of state law, the judgment of a state supreme court is considered final and binding in both state and federal courts.

Generally, a state supreme court, like most appellate tribunals, is exclusively for hearing appeals of legal issues. Although state supreme court rulings on matters of state law are final, rulings on matters of federal law (generally made under the state court's concurrent jurisdiction) can be appealed to the Supreme Court of the United States. Each state supreme court consists of a panel of judges selected by methods outlined in the state constitution. Among the most common methods for selection are gubernatorial appointment, non-partisan election, and partisan election, but the different states follow a variety of procedures.
John Morley (died 1587)
John Morley (died 14 November 1587) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1584 to 1586.

Morley was  of Saxham, Suffolk.  He was an official in the Star Chamber from 7 July 1565. By 1568 he was joint surveyor of customs on cloth and wines. He became engrosser of the great roll and Clerk of the Pipe in July 1579. His offices made him wealthy and he purchased lands at Halnaker, Sussex. In 1584, he was elected Member of Parliament for Wycombe. He was elected MP for St Ives in 1586.

Morley married Elizabeth Wotton, daughter of Edward Wotton, MD. They had three sons including John who was also an MP.

St Ives (UK Parliament constituency)
St Ives is a parliamentary constituency covering the western end of Cornwall, including the Isles of Scilly. The constituency has been represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2024 by Andrew George, a Liberal Democrat; George previously represented the constituency from 1997 to 2015.
Kasi Viswanathar Temple, Tenkasi
Kasi Viswanathar Temple in Tenkasi, a city in Tenkasi district in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu, is dedicated to the Hindu god Shiva. Constructed in the Tamil style of architecture, the temple is believed to have been built by Pandyan ruler Parakrama Pandyan during the 13th century, with later additions from Madurai Nayaks. Shiva is worshipped as Kasi Viswanathar and his consort Parvathi as Ulagamman.

A granite wall surrounds the temple, enclosing all its shrines. The temple is open from 6 am - 12 pm and 4 - 8:30 pm on all days except during new moon days when it is open the full day. Four daily rituals and three yearly festivals are held at the temple, of which the Maasi Maham festival during the Tamil month of Maasi (February - March) being the most prominent. The temple is maintained and administered by the Hindu Religious and Endowment Board of the Government of Tamil Nadu.

Tenkasi district
Tenkasi district (Tamil: [t̪eŋɡaːsi]) is one of the 38 districts of Tamil Nadu, India, separated from Tirunelveli district on 22 November 2019. The Government of Tamil Nadu announced its creation on 18 July 2019. The district headquarters is at Tenkasi.
Birgel
Birgel is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Vulkaneifel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Gerolstein, whose seat is in the municipality of Gerolstein.

Gerolstein (Verbandsgemeinde)
Gerolstein is a Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") in the district Vulkaneifel, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. The seat of the Verbandsgemeinde is in Gerolstein. On 1 January 2019 it was expanded with the municipalities of the former Verbandsgemeinden Hillesheim and Obere Kyll.

The Verbandsgemeinde Gerolstein consists of the following Ortsgemeinden ("local municipalities"):