hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Teatro Massimo Bellini
The Teatro Massimo Bellini is an opera house located on Piazza Vincenzo Bellini in Catania, Sicily, southern Italy. Named after the local-born composer Vincenzo Bellini, it was inaugurated on 31 May 1890 with a performance of the composer's masterwork, Norma. It seats 1,200.

Norma (opera)
Norma (Italian: [ˈnɔrma]) is a tragedia lirica or opera in two acts by Vincenzo Bellini with libretto by Felice Romani after the play Norma, ou L'infanticide (Norma, or The Infanticide) by Alexandre Soumet. It was first produced at La Scala in Milan on 26 December 1831.

The opera is regarded as a leading example of the bel canto genre, and the soprano prayer "Casta diva" in Act 1 is a famous piece. Among the well known singers of Norma of the first half of the 20th century was Rosa Ponselle who played the role in New York and London. Notable exponents of the title role in the post-war period have been Maria Callas, Leyla Gencer, Joan Sutherland, and Montserrat Caballé.
Thiomonas intermedia
Thiomonas intermedia is a Gram-negative, aerobic, moderately acidophilic bacterium from the genus Thiomonas, which has the ability to oxidise sulfur compounds. Thiomonas intermedia was isolated from an sewage pipe in Hamburg.

Acidophile
Acidophiles or acidophilic organisms are those that thrive under highly acidic conditions (usually at pH 5.0 or below). These organisms can be found in different branches of the tree of life, including Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya.
Bisini Parade Sports Complex
The Bisini Parade Sports Complex is a sports complex situated in Boroko, a suburb of the City of Port Moresby, National Capital District, Papua New Guinea, primarily for outdoor team sports.

The sporting complex has hosted several events as part of the 1991 South Pacific Games and 2015 Pacific Games. The 2016 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup and the 2017 Rugby League World Cup are two of the most significant international events ever hosted at the sports ground. The complex was revamped for the Pacific Games in 2015 under the expertise and guidance of Australian firm, SGL consulting.

Team sport
A team sport is a type of sport where the fundamental nature of the game or sport requires the participation of multiple individuals working together as a team, and it is inherently impossible or highly impractical to execute the sport as a single-player endeavour. In team sports, the cooperative effort of team members is essential for the sport to function and achieve its objectives. The objective often involves teammates facilitating the movement of a ball or similar bob in accordance with a set of rules in order to score points. Examples are basketball, volleyball, rugby league, rugby union, water polo, handball, lacrosse, cricket, baseball, and the various forms of football and hockey. These sports emphasize teamwork, strategy, and coordination among team members while competing against opposing teams to achieve a common goal. Team sports do not include individual or individual-to-team events within a sport.
Pascal Maitre
Pascal Maitre (also Pascal Maître) is a French photojournalist. He was born in 1955 in Buzançais, France, and now lives southwest of Paris, France. For more than 30 years he has taken photographs in over 40 countries in Africa, and worked in Afghanistan, South America, Russia, the Middle East, Latin America and numerous other regions. Each year, he makes about 10 or 15 trips to Africa, which is the continent on which he photographs the most.

His photographs have been published in GEO, Le Figaro, Newsweek, Life, National Geographic, Paris Match, L'Express, Stern, Figaro Magazine, The New York Times Magazine and many others.

Stern (magazine)
Stern (pronounced [ʃtɛʁn] ⓘ, German for "Star", stylized in all lowercase) is an illustrated, broadly left-liberal, weekly current affairs magazine published in Hamburg, Germany, by Gruner + Jahr, a subsidiary of Bertelsmann. Under the editorship (1948–1980) of its founder Henri Nannen, it attained a circulation of between 1.5 and 1.8 million, the largest in Europe's for a magazine of its kind.

Unusually for a popular magazine in post-war West Germany, and most notably in the contributions to 1975 of Sebastian Haffner, Stern investigated the origin and nature of the preceding tragedies of German history. In 1983, however, its credibility was seriously damaged by its purchase and syndication of the forged Hitler Diaries. A sharp drop in sales anticipated the general fall in newsprint readership in the new century.  By 2019, circulation had fallen under half a million.
Extensor tendon compartments of the wrist
Extensor tendon compartments of the wrist are anatomical tunnels on the back of the wrist that contain tendons of muscles that extend (as opposed to flex) the wrist and the digits (fingers and thumb).

The extensor tendons are held in place by the extensor retinaculum. As the tendons travel over the posterior (back) aspect of the wrist they are enclosed within synovial tendon sheaths. These sheaths reduce the friction to the extensor tendons as they traverse the compartments that are formed by the attachments of the extensor retinaculum to the distal (far end) of the radius and ulna.

Extensor retinaculum of the hand
The extensor retinaculum (dorsal carpal ligament, or posterior annular ligament) is a thickened portion of the antebrachial fascia that holds the tendons of the extensor muscles in place. It is located on the back of the forearm, just proximal to the hand. It is continuous with the palmar carpal ligament (which is located on the anterior side of the forearm).
New River (Chattahoochee River tributary)
The New River is a 24.5-mile-long (39.4 km) tributary of the Chattahoochee River in Coweta and Heard counties in the U.S. state of Georgia.  Rising 4 miles (6 km) south of the city of Newnan, the New River flows generally southwest, reaching the Chattahoochee at West Point Lake approximately 8 miles (13 km) west of Hogansville.

Heard County, Georgia
Heard County is a county located in the West Central region of the U.S. state of Georgia. At the 2020 census, the population was 11,412, down from 11,834 in 2010. The county seat is Franklin. The county was created on December 22, 1830.

Heard County is included in the Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell MSA.
Kramasha
Kramasha (To Be Continued, 2007) is a short experimental film directed by Amit Dutta. Released in 2007, the film won two National Film Awards in 2007 and received recognition at various international film festivals.

Amit Dutta
Amit Dutta (born 1977 in Jammu) is an Indian experimental filmmaker and writer. He is considered to be one of the most significant contemporary practitioners of experimental cinema, known for his distinctive style of filmmaking rooted in field-research and personal symbolism resulting in images that are visually rich and acoustically stimulating. His works mostly deal with subjects of art history, ethno-anthropology, and cultural inheritance through cinema. In 2007, his short film Kramasha (To Be Continued) was included by Jonathan Rosenbaum in his list of 1,000 personal favorite films of all time. In 2024 Richard Brody named Nainsukh (2010) among the best biographical films ever made in The New Yorker.
Jimmy Schuldt
James Schuldt (born May 11, 1995) is an American professional ice hockey defenseman for the Abbotsford Canucks in the American Hockey League (AHL) while under contract to the Vancouver Canucks in the National Hockey League (NHL). He has previously played with the Vegas Golden Knights and San Jose Sharks.

Abbotsford Canucks
The Abbotsford Canucks are a professional ice hockey team based in Abbotsford, British Columbia, Canada. The team began play in the 2021–22 season with home games at Rogers Forum as the American Hockey League (AHL) affiliate of the National Hockey League's Vancouver Canucks. The team is a relocation of the franchise owned by the Canucks and known as the Utica Comets from 2013 to 2021. This is the second AHL team to play in Abbotsford after the Calgary Flames affiliate Abbotsford Heat from 2009 until 2014.
Don Cockburn
Donald Cockburn (13 March 1930 – 4 September 2017) was an Irish journalist, presenter and newsreader. He is best known as a long-serving newsreader for Raidió Teilifís Éireann (RTÉ), who anchored the broadcaster's main evening television news programmes during over thirty years of service.

Cockburn was educated at Synge Street CBS, later studying Russian and Spanish at Trinity College Dublin at night after receiving a dispensation from Archbishop John Charles McQuaid to do so.

He originally joined RTÉ as a part-time announcer in 1958, and was made a full-time employee in 1972.  He was formerly employed in Dublin Corporation as head of wages in the engineering department.

He retired twenty years later on 15 December 1992, having served as a newsreader for many years. His was known for cycling to RTÉ's Montrose Studios every day.

He died on 4 September 2017.

Dispensation (Catholic canon law)
In the jurisprudence of the canon law of the Catholic Church, a dispensation is the exemption from the immediate obligation of the law in certain cases. Its object is to modify the hardship often caused by rigorous application of general laws to particular cases, and its essence is to preserve the law by suspending its operation in such cases.
Crown and Thistle Inn, Monmouth
The Crown and Thistle Inn was a public house in Monmouth, Monmouthshire, Wales. It was in the historic Agincourt Square neighbourhood. Prior to its conversion to a public house, the building served as the premises of an apothecary. During the early nineteenth century, the Crown and Thistle Inn briefly housed one of the earliest Masonic Lodges in Monmouthshire.

Monmouth
Monmouth (/ˈmɒnməθ/ MON-məth or /ˈmʌn-/ MUN-; Welsh: Trefynwy, lit. 'Town on the Monnow') is a market town and community in Monmouthshire, Wales, situated on where the River Monnow joins the River Wye, two miles (three kilometres) from the Wales–England border. The population in the 2011 census was 10,508, rising from 8,877 in 2001. Monmouth was the county town of historic Monmouthshire, although Abergavenny is the largest settlement and Monmouthshire County Council has its main offices at Rhadyr, just outside Usk. Monmouth is in the UK Parliament constituency of Monmouthshire and the Senedd constituency of Monmouth.

The town was the site of a small Roman fort, Blestium, and became established after the Normans built Monmouth Castle c. 1067. The medieval stone gated bridge is the only one of its type remaining in Britain. The castle later came into the possession of the House of Lancaster, and was the birthplace of King Henry V in 1386.
Japp–Maitland condensation
The Japp–Maitland condensation is an organic reaction and a type of Aldol reaction and a tandem reaction. In a reaction between the ketone 3-pentanone and the aldehyde benzaldehyde catalyzed by base the bis Aldol adduct is formed first. The second step is a ring-closing reaction when one hydroxyl group displaces the other in a nucleophilic substitution forming an oxo-tetrahydropyran.

The reaction was first described by Francis Robert Japp and William Maitland in 1904.

The Japp–Maitland reaction is of some importance to synthetic organic chemistry for example as part of the synthesis of biomolecule centrolobine:

Ketone
In organic chemistry, a ketone /ˈkiːtoʊn/ is an organic compound with the structure R−C(=O)−R', where R and R' can be a variety of carbon-containing substituents. Ketones contain a carbonyl group −C(=O)− (a carbon-oxygen double bond C=O). A ketone derived from an alkane is an alkanone. The simplest ketone is acetone (where R and R' are methyl), with the formula (CH3)2CO. Many ketones are of great importance in biology and industry. Examples include many sugars (ketoses), many steroids, e.g., testosterone, and the solvent acetone.
You Know You Want This
You Know You Want This: "Cat Person" and Other Stories is a collection of short stories by Kristen Roupenian.

Following the viral success of the short story "Cat Person", Roupenian secured a seven-figure deal with Scout Press for her debut book, and was the subject of a bidding war in the American market, with offers exceeding $1m.
She received a $1.2 million advance for the book.

Gallery Publishing Group
Gallery Publishing Group is a general interest publisher and a division of Simon & Schuster which houses the imprints Gallery Books, Pocket Books, Scout Press, Gallery 13, and Saga Press.

Jen Bergstrom is the Senior Vice President and Publisher.
1984 Down Senior Hurling Championship
The 1984 Down Senior Hurling Championship was the 76th staging of the Down Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Down County Board in 1903.

Ballygalget entered the championship as the defending champions.

The final was played on 16 September 1984 at St Patrick's Park, between Ballycran and Ballygalget. Ballycran won the match by 2–10 to 1–11 to claim their 14th championship title overall and a first title in four years.

Bryansford GAC
Bryansford GAC (Irish: Áth Bhriain) is a Gaelic football and ladies' Gaelic football club in Newcastle, County Down, Northern Ireland. Founded in 1926, their most notable period was in 1970, when they won the Ulster Senior Club Football Championship.
St. Laurent de Grandin
St. Laurent de Grandin is an area of Métis settlement along the South Saskatchewan River. It is just east of Duck Lake, and at present is the site of the St. Laurent Ferry, as well as the Roman Catholic Shrine of Our Lady of Lourdes. The shrine is a popular destination for Catholics in central Saskatchewan, and was historically associated with the Métis and Cree people of the area. St. Laurent was part of the Southbranch Settlement and is found downstream from Batoche. It is also a short distance upstream from St. Louis. It is situated in Aspen parkland roughly near the edge of the Nisbet Provincial Forest. Although never a town, St. Laurent was an important area of settlement and of spiritual significance in the area during the late 19th century. St. Laurent's picturesque scenery continues to attract tourists to the shrine along the Louis Riel Trail today.

Shrine
A shrine (Latin: scrinium "case or chest for books or papers"; Old French: escrin "box or case") is a sacred space dedicated to a specific deity, ancestor, hero, martyr, saint, daemon, or similar figure of respect, wherein they are venerated or worshipped. Shrines often contain idols, relics, or other such objects associated with the figure being venerated. A shrine at which votive offerings are made is called an altar.

Shrines are found in many of the world's religions, including Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Chinese folk religion, Shinto, indigenous Philippine folk religions, and Germanic paganism as well as in secular and non-religious settings such as a war memorial. Shrines can be found in various settings, such as churches, temples, cemeteries, or as household shrines. Portable shrines are also found in some cultures.
Marco Antonio de Dominis
Marco Antonio de Dominis (Croatian: Markantun de Dominis; 1560 – 7 September 1624) was a Dalmatian ecclesiastic, archbishop of Split and Primate of Dalmatia and all Croatia, adjudged heretic of the Catholic faith, polymath  and man of science.

Polymath
A polymath or polyhistor is an individual whose knowledge spans many different subjects, known to draw on complex bodies of knowledge to solve specific problems. Polymaths often prefer a specific context in which to explain their knowledge, but some are gifted at explaining abstractly and creatively.

Embodying a basic tenet of Renaissance humanism that humans are limitless in their capacity for development, the concept led to the notion that people should embrace all knowledge and develop their capacities as fully as possible. This is expressed in the term Renaissance man, often applied to the gifted people of that age who sought to develop their abilities in all areas of accomplishment: intellectually, artistically, socially, physically, and spiritually.
Erkekarpa, İnebolu
Erkekarpa is a village in the İnebolu District of Kastamonu Province in Turkey. Its population is 297 (2021). Its former name in 15th century was Evkarpa, which is probably corrupted form of Greek name, Ευκαρπία. After the establishment of Turkish Republic the name of the settlement altered to Erkekarpa.

Villages of Turkey
A village (Turkish: köy, karye in the Ottoman era) is the second smallest settlement unit in Turkey.

The 51 regular provinces of Turkey and 30 province-level metropolitan municipalities are divided into districts.

A 2013 reform converted all 16,803 villages in the metropolitan municipalities, into neighborhoods (Turkish: mahalle) of the districts.

Remaining villages are in the rural areas of the districts in regular provinces, and have about 8.7% of the country's population. Each village or neighborhood elects a muhtar. Some more populous villages have been incorporated as towns (Turkish: belde), but in the others, the muhtar is responsible for all village services.

As of 2023, there are 18,277 villages and 32,261 neighbourhoods in Turkey.
2021 United Kingdom natural gas supplier crisis
Starting from August 2021, high European wholesale natural gas prices started severely impacting the United Kingdom. Due to a combination of unfavourable circumstances, including soaring demand of gas in Asia, diminished gas supply from Russia to the European markets, low gas stockpiles,  and a series of breakdowns at various electrical facilities, consumers in the United Kingdom faced steep increases in gas prices.

Consumers, utility companies, and businesses dependent on carbon dioxide were all impacted. The crisis caused some smaller domestic suppliers in the United Kingdom to go out of business, affecting almost two million consumers as of 14 October 2021.

Wholesaling
Wholesaling or distributing is the sale of goods or merchandise to retailers; to industrial, commercial, institutional or other professional business users; or to other wholesalers (wholesale businesses) and related subordinated services. In general, it is the sale of goods in bulk to anyone, either a person or an organization, other than the end consumer of that merchandise. Wholesaling involves purchasing goods in bulk, usually directly from the manufacturer or source, at a discounted rate. Retailers then sell these goods to end consumers at a higher price, generating a profit.

Traditionally, wholesalers were closer to the markets they supplied than the source from which they got the products. However, with the advent of the internet and e-procurement there is an increasing number of wholesalers located nearer to the manufacturers in China, Taiwan, and Southeast Asia. The profit margins of wholesalers depend largely on their ability to achieve market competitive transaction costs.
Crucifixion (Barnaba da Modena)
Crucifixion is a 1375 panel painting by Italian artist Barnaba da Modena, located in the Indianapolis Museum of Art, which is in Indianapolis, Indiana. It depicts the crucifixion of Jesus in tempera and gold.

Barnaba da Modena
Barnaba da Modena (c. 1328-c.1386) was a mid-14th-century Italian painter who painted in the style of Byzantine art.  He is considered the first Lombard painter of note and was active in Lombardy, Piedmont, and Pisa in Tuscany.
Egao Yes Nude
"Egao Yes Nude" (笑顔YESヌード, Egao Yes Nūdo, "Smile Yes Nude") is the thirty-second single of the J-pop group Morning Musume. It was released on February 14, 2007. It was at first rumored to be the last single to feature Hitomi Yoshizawa (leader until May 6, 2007) but this was disproved. It is the first for the eighth generation Aika Mitsui.

There are three different versions of the single. Limited edition A includes a bonus DVD and has catalog number EPCE-5450~1. Limited edition B comes in a special package with a 32-page photo booklet and has catalog number EPCE-5452. The regular edition has catalog number EPCE-5453, and the first press of this edition has a photo card included.

The Single V was released on March 7, 2007, and the limited edition included a photocard of Mitsui.

The total sales of the CD single were 53,047, which peaked at number four on the Oricon Charts.

Reina Tanaka
Reina Tanaka (田中 れいな, Tanaka Reina; born November 11, 1989) is a Japanese singer and musical actress. She is the leader of the Japanese rock band Lovendor. From 2002 to 2013, she was one of the main vocalists of the girl group Morning Musume and participated in other music acts under the Hello! Project name.
Alyona Rassohyna
Alyona Rassohyna (born June 11, 1990) is a Ukrainian female mixed martial artist who competes in the Atomweight and Strawweight divisions of the ONE Championship. From October 2020 till December 2020, she was ranked #9 Female Atomweight by Fight Matrix

She is ranked #4 in the ONE Championship Women's Atomweight rankings.

Atomweight (MMA)
The atomweight division in mixed martial arts generally refers to competitors weighing less than 48 kg (105.8 lb), depending on the promotion. It sits below the heavier strawweight division and is the lightest weight class widely recognized within MMA. The atomweight division in mixed martial arts is used almost exclusively for Women's MMA.
Actinote thalia
Actinote thalia is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It was described by Carl Linnaeus in the 1758 10th edition of Systema Naturae. It is found in most of South America. An attempt was made by the South African programme to defoliate the Chromolaena odorata, a shrub of Neotropical origin, by this species, but was disqualified due to an unacceptably wide host range.

The larvae feed on Mikania species, Eupatorium odoratum and Chromolaena odoratum.

Mikania
Mikania is a genus of about 450 species of plants in the tribe Eupatorieae within the family Asteraceae.

The name honors the Czech botanist Johann Christian Mikan, 1743–1814. Members of the genus are stem twiners and lianas and are common in the neotropical flora. Mikania originates from South America.  A few species, such as Mikania scandens, are found in temperate areas of North and South America, and nine species are known from the Old World tropics.  As with other plants in the tribe Eupatorieae, the flowers have disc florets and no ray florets.

The species  Mikania laevigata and Mikania glomerata, also known as guaco, are popular in herbal medicine.

Mikania micrantha is a widespread weed in the tropics. It grows very quickly (as fast as 80 mm in 24 hours for a young plant) and covers other plants. People have looked into controlling it with herbicides, parasitic plants, fungi and insects.
Maya ruins of Belize
The Maya ruins of Belize include a number of well-known and historically important pre-Columbian Maya archaeological sites. Belize is considered part of the southern Maya lowlands of the Mesoamerican culture area, and the sites found there were occupied from the Preclassic (2000 BCE–200 CE) until and after the arrival of the Spanish in the 16th century.

Many sites are in danger due to destruction by construction companies, which frequently source road fill from the ancient ruins.

Cultural area
In anthropology and geography, a cultural area, cultural region, cultural sphere, or culture area refers to a geography with one relatively homogeneous human activity or complex of activities (culture). Such activities are often associated with an ethnolinguistic group and with the territory it inhabits. Specific cultures often do not limit their geographic coverage to the borders of a nation state, or to smaller subdivisions of a state.