hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Doctor of Medicine
A Doctor of Medicine (abbreviated M.D. or MD, from the Latin Medicinae Doctor or Dr. med., from the inverse construction) is a medical degree, the meaning of which varies between different jurisdictions. In the United States, and some other countries, the MD denotes a professional degree of physician. This generally arose because many in 18th-century medical professions trained in Scotland, which used the MD degree nomenclature. In England, however, Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) was used: in the 19th century, it became the standard in Scotland too. Thus, in the United Kingdom, Ireland and other countries, the MD is a research doctorate, honorary doctorate or applied clinical degree restricted to those who already hold a professional degree (Bachelor's/Master's/Doctoral) in medicine. In those countries, the equivalent professional degree to the North American, and some others' usage of MD is still typically titled Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery.

Embryology
Embryology (from Greek ἔμβρυον, embryon, 'the unborn, embryo'; and -λογία, -logia) is the branch of zoology that studies the prenatal development of gametes (sex cells), fertilization and development of embryos and fetuses. Embryology includes teratology, the study of congenital disorders that occur before birth.

Early embryology, put forward by Marcello Malpighi, was preformationist in concept: based on the idea that organisms develop from pre-existing miniature versions of themselves.  The theory now accepted, epigenesis, is the idea that organisms develop from seed or egg in a sequence of steps.  This concept was proposed in antiquity by Aristotle. Modern embryology developed from the work of Karl Ernst von Baer, though accurate observations had been made in Italy by anatomists such as Aldrovandi and Leonardo da Vinci in the Renaissance.
Filip Backlund
Jan Filip Backlund (born 14 April 1990 in Västerås, Västmanland) is a Swedish motorcycle road racer nicknamed ‘The Teacher' He currently competes in the British Superbike Championship for Quattro Plant Cool Kawasaki.

Västmanland
Västmanland (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈvɛ̂sːtmanˌland] or [ˈvɛ̌sːt-] ⓘ) is a historical Swedish province, or landskap, in middle Sweden. It borders Södermanland, Närke, Värmland, Dalarna and Uppland.

Västmanland means "West Man Land" or, less literally, "The Land of the Western Men", where the "western men" (västermännen) were the people living west of Uppland, the core province of early Sweden.
Alex Wodak
Alexander David Wodak, AM is a physician and the former director of the Alcohol and Drug Service, at St Vincent's Hospital, in Sydney, Australia.

Wodak is a notable advocate of drug reform laws. Wodak helped establish the National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, the NSW Users AIDS Association, and the Australian Society of HIV Medicine. Wodak is President of the Australian Drug Law Reform Foundation and was President of the International Harm Reduction Association. Wodak also helped open Australia's first needle exchange programme and the first medically supervised injecting centre in Kings Cross.

A portrait of him by artist Nick Mourtzakis was a 2009 Archibald Prize finalist. In the 2010 Queen's Birthday Honours, he was made a Member of the Order of Australia for "service to medicine and public health, particularly in the area of drug and alcohol dependency treatment, through legislative reform, and to medical education".

Kings Cross, New South Wales
Kings Cross is an inner-eastern locality of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It is located approximately 2 kilometres east of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of the City of Sydney. It is bounded by the suburbs of Potts Point, Elizabeth Bay, Rushcutters Bay and Darlinghurst.

Colloquially known as The Cross, the area was once known for its music halls and grand theatres. It was rapidly transformed after World War II by the influx of troops returning and visiting from the nearby Garden Island naval base. It became known as Sydney's night entertainment and red-light district, earning the nickname "Sin City"; however, many nightclubs, bars and adult entertainment venues closed due to the Sydney lockout laws. Today, it is a mixed locality offering services such as a railway station, gyms, supermarkets and bakeries as well as entertainment venues including bars, restaurants, nightclubs, brothels and strip clubs.
Bishop of Chelmsford
The Bishop of Chelmsford is the Ordinary of the Church of England Diocese of Chelmsford in the Province of Canterbury.

The current bishop is Guli Francis-Dehqani, since the confirmation of her election on 11 March 2021.

Ordinary (church officer)
An ordinary (from Latin ordinarius) is an officer of a church or civic authority who by reason of office has ordinary power to execute laws.

Such officers are found in hierarchically organised churches of Western Christianity which have an ecclesiastical legal system. For example, diocesan bishops are ordinaries in the Catholic Church and the Church of England. In Eastern Christianity, a corresponding officer is called a hierarch (from Greek ἱεράρχης hierarkhēs "president of sacred rites, high-priest" which comes in turn from τὰ ἱερά ta hiera, "the sacred rites" and ἄρχω arkhō, "I rule").

During at least the 17th and 18th centuries the title of Ordinary was used for prison chaplains in England, such as the one who attended condemned men before their execution at Newgate.
Trevitt's Addition Historic District
Trevitt's Addition Historic District is a neighborhood, primarily residential in character, located in The Dalles, Oregon, United States. Victor Trevitt platted the first expansion of the original 1855 "Dalles City" townsite in 1860, and continued to extend his addition in response to economic developments. The district saw the first flour mill and electrical and water systems in The Dalles, one of the area's earliest Catholic churches, and direct connection to transportation networks including the Columbia River Highway and the railroad. Surviving buildings in the district reflect a continuous spectrum of architectural styles from 1864 to 1937.

The historic district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.

Victor Trevitt
Victor Trevitt ("Vic", c. 1827-1883) was a soldier, publisher, business owner, and legislator in the U.S. state of Oregon. He was born in New Hampshire in about 1827 and lived in Ohio prior to enlisting for the Mexican War, in which he lost an eye. He was a publisher of the Salem Statesman and the Vox Populii, and later served as a member of the Oregon House of Representatives and the Oregon State Senate. He was a Mason.

He owned and operated a toll bridge over the Deschutes River, but sold it upon the successful launch of the Colonel Wright steamship. He also operated a saloon in The Dalles. He died in 1883 after moving to San Francisco, and his dying wish was to be buried among the native people of Oregon, who he avowed to be more honorable than white people. His is the only grave marker on Memaloose Island in the Columbia River near Mosier, Oregon.
Anna Szwedyczka
Anna Szwedyczka (died 12 March 1678 in Lublin) was an alleged Polish witch and a central figure in a high-profile Polish witch trial. She was executed for witchcraft by burning in Lublin.

She is the subject of the play Klątwy (The Curse) by Marcin Liber.

Death by burning
Death by burning, also called immolation, is an execution, murder, or suicide method involving combustion or exposure to extreme heat. It has a long history as a form of public capital punishment, and many societies have employed it as a punishment for and warning against crimes such as treason, heresy, and witchcraft. The best-known execution of this type is burning at the stake, where the condemned is bound to a large wooden stake and a fire lit beneath. A holocaust is a religious animal sacrifice that is completely consumed by fire, also known as a burnt offering. The word derives from the ancient Greek holokaustos, the form of sacrifice in which the victim was reduced to ash, as distinguished from an animal sacrifice that resulted in a communal meal.

There are documented executions by burning as early as the 18th century BC and as recently as 2016.
The Open For The Ages
The Open For The Ages is a special made-for-television fictional edition of The Open Championship tournament of golf. Utilizing data analysis, a fan vote and 50 years of Open archive footage, it features 21 famous golfers including previous Open champions from various eras at the peak of their careers competing on the Old Course at St Andrews for the Claret Jug and the title of Champion Golfer. The event aired from 16-19 July 2020 – the same dates that the 2020 Open Championship was supposed to be held at Royal St George's Golf Club before being canceled by the global COVID-19 pandemic, which further led the tournament organizers to create the event.

Nick Dougherty, Ewen Murray and Iona Stephen provided commentary, with highlight videos being released for the first three rounds and the full final round being broadcast on Sunday, including on Sky Sports in the United Kingdom and the Golf Channel on NBC in the United States.

Old Course at St Andrews
The Old Course at St Andrews, also known as the Old Lady or the Grand Old Lady, is considered the oldest golf course in the world. It is a public course over common land in St Andrews, Fife, Scotland, and is held in trust by the St Andrews Links Trust under an act of Parliament. The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews clubhouse sits adjacent to the first tee, although it is but one of many clubs (St Andrews Golf Club, the New Golf Club, St Regulus Ladies Golf Club and the St Rule Club are the others with clubhouses) that have playing privileges on the course, along with some other non-clubhouse owning golf clubs and the general public. Originally known as the "golfing grounds" of St Andrews, it was not until the New Course was opened in 1895 that it became known as the Old Course.
Za tebe
Za tebe (pronounced [za têbe]; transl. For You) is the second studio album by Slovenian singer-songwriter Senidah. It was released digitally on 18 November 2022 through Belgrade-based record label Bassivity Digital. Za tebe serves as the follow-up project to her first album Bez tebe (2019). It features guest vocals from Serbian rapper Surreal and an all-women folk group Žene. The album was preceded by three singles: "Behute", "Jadnaja" and "Dva prsta". Primarily, Za tebe is an alternative pop, hip-hop and alternative R&B record that also explores sevdah, flamenco, alternative reggaeton and folk music. It was met with generally positive reception from both critics and the public, and entered the Austrian Albums Chart.

Alternative R&B
Alternative R&B (also referred to as alt-R&B, indie R&B, and originally known as PBR&B, hipster R&B, emo R&B, or R-Neg-B) is a term used by music journalists to describe a stylistic alternative to contemporary R&B that began in the mid 2000s and came to prominence with musical artists such as Frank Ocean, Khalid, SZA, Summer Walker, Jhené Aiko, Brent Faiyaz, Zayn Malik, Tyler, the Creator, Steve Lacy, Childish Gambino, Miguel, Drake, The Weeknd, Kehlani, Tinashe, Bryson Tiller, PartyNextDoor, Tory Lanez, 6lack, and others. It is considered to be "more progressive and diverse" than its mainstream counterpart.
Marianne Marthinsen
Marianne Marthinsen (born 25 August 1980, in Jevnaker) is a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party.

She was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Oslo in 2005.

She graduated from University of Oslo in 2001, having studied economics. She has a somewhat diverse working background, having been a journalist in Romerikes Blad, nurse assistant, office worker and secretary of the Workers' Youth League. She has also been involved in Nei til EU, Attac Norway and Fredsinitiativet.

Jevnaker
Jevnaker is a municipality in Akershus county, Norway.  The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Jevnaker with a population of 4,302.

The parish of Jævnaker was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt). The area of Lunner was separated from the municipality of Jevnaker on 1 January 1898 to form a municipality of its own. From 2020 to 2023 the municipality belonged to Viken county, it was Oppland before that.

Jevnaker Municipality (together with Gran Municipality and Lunner Municipality) a part of the traditional region of Hadeland. The Hadeland region has a population of about 30,000. The region spreads over a large area including several villages and towns.
Wisma Sanyan
Wisma Sanyan was the tallest building in the state of Sarawak, Malaysia from its completion in 2001 to 2019.

Wisma Sanyan's title as Borneo's tallest building was taken by the 33-storey Kinabalu Tower in Kota Kinabalu which was completed in 2016. In 2019, its title as Sarawak's tallest building was surpassed by the 34-storey residential tower, Naim The Peak Condominium in Bintulu.

Kinabalu Tower
Kinabalu Tower, also known as Sabah State Administrative Centre is a 33-storey, 182-meter-tall, government office complex building in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. It is Kota Kinabalu and Borneo's second tallest building.

The complex consists of a single 33-storey office tower and two 9-storey office buildings and house the state's chief minister's office and other state government cabinet members. The construction commenced in August 2011 and was scheduled to complete in 30 months.

Today, the 33-storey office tower is the second tallest building in Borneo just after the Jesselton Twin Towers, which is in the same city.
Lambaréné Airport
Lambaréné Airport (French: Aéroport de Lambaréné) (IATA: LBQ, ICAO: FOGR) is an airport serving the city of Lambaréné in the Moyen-Ogooué Province of Gabon. The runway has and additional 380 metres (1,250 ft) of unpaved overrun on the northeastern end.

The Lambarene non-directional beacon (Ident: LB) is located southwest of the field.

Non-directional beacon
A non-directional beacon (NDB) or non-directional radio beacon is a radio beacon which does not include inherent directional information. Radio beacons are radio transmitters at a known location, used as an aviation or marine navigational aid. NDB are in contrast to directional radio beacons and other navigational aids, such as low-frequency radio range, VHF omnidirectional range (VOR) and tactical air navigation system (TACAN).

NDB signals follow the curvature of the Earth, so they can be received at much greater distances at lower altitudes, a major advantage over VOR. However, NDB signals are also affected more by atmospheric conditions, mountainous terrain, coastal refraction and electrical storms, particularly at long range. The system, developed by United States Army Air Corps (USAAC) Captain Albert Francis Hegenberger, was used to fly the world's first instrument approach on May 9, 1932.
Logie Awards of 1976
The 18th Annual TV Week Logie Awards were presented on Friday 12 March 1976 at Southern Cross Hotel in Melbourne and broadcast on the Nine Network. Bert Newton from the Nine Network was the Master of Ceremonies. American film star Lee Marvin, television actors Henry Winkler, Martin Milner and Arte Johnson, and British actors Gordon Jackson and Susannah York appeared as guests.

Gordon Jackson (actor)
Gordon Cameron Jackson (19 December 1923 – 15 January 1990) was a Scottish actor. He is best remembered for his roles as the butler Angus Hudson in Upstairs, Downstairs and as George Cowley, the head of CI5, in The Professionals. He also portrayed Capt Jimmy Cairns in Tunes of Glory, and Flt. Lt. Andrew MacDonald, "Intelligence", in The Great Escape.

In 1960, Jackson was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best British Actor for the film Yesterday's Enemy and in 1975 was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Actor for the television series Upstairs, Downstairs. The following year he won the Emmy Award for Outstanding Single Performance by a Supporting Actor in a Comedy or Drama Series.
Sherzer Hall
Sherzer Hall is an academic building on the Eastern Michigan University campus, located in Ypsilanti, Michigan. Sherzer Hall is one of four buildings comprising the Eastern Michigan University Historic District on the National Register of Historic Places. The building was designed by E. W.. Arnold of Battle Creek and survived two fires.

Battle Creek, Michigan
Battle Creek is a city in northwestern Calhoun County, Michigan, United States, at the confluence of the Kalamazoo and Battle Creek rivers. As of the 2020 census, the city had a total population of 52,731. It is the principal city of the Battle Creek metropolitan statistical area, which encompasses all of Calhoun County. Nicknamed "Cereal City", it is best known as the home of WK Kellogg Co and the founding city of Post Consumer Brands. In Battle Creek, the Kellogg brothers invented the first cereal by accident in an attempt to make granola.
Turan Dursun
Turan Dursun (1934 – 4 September 1990) was a Turkish author and atheist who was a critic of Islam. A former Muslim cleric and scholar of Shia Islam, he became an atheist during his study of the history of monotheistic religions. Influenced by the 9th-century Iranian skeptic philosopher Ibn al-Rawandi, Dursun wrote a number of books about religion which included interpretations of Islamic texts, heavily criticizing Islam and the founders of its major branches.

Dursun was frequently threatened by Islamic fundamentalists, and on 4 September 1990 was assassinated outside his home in Istanbul, after which his books sold tens of thousands of copies in Turkey.

Islamic fundamentalism
Islamic fundamentalism has been defined as a revivalist and reform movement of Muslims who aim to return to the founding scriptures of Islam. The term has been used interchangeably with similar terms such as Islamism, Islamic revivalism, Qutbism, Islamic activism, and has been criticized as pejorative.

Some of the beliefs attributed to Islamic fundamentalists are that the primary sources of Islam (the Quran, Hadith, and Sunnah), should be interpreted in a literal and originalist way; that corrupting non-Islamic influences should be eliminated from every part of Muslims' lives; and that the societies, economies, and governance of Muslim-majority countries should return to the fundamentals of Islam, the system of Islam, and become  Islamic states.
HellermannTyton
HellermannTyton is a British registered company with affiliated companies in 40 countries manufacturing and supplying products for fastening, fixing, identifying and protecting cables and their connecting components. The company employs worldwide over 3,800 people. It was listed on the London Stock Exchange until it was acquired by Delphi Automotive in December 2015.
Delphi has since renamed and separated the part of its business that is focused on automated driving and electrification, calling the new entity Aptiv.

Original equipment manufacturer
An original equipment manufacturer (OEM) is a company that produces parts and equipment that may be marketed by another company. However, the term is ambiguous, with several other common meanings: an OEM can be the maker of a system that includes other companies' subsystems, an end-product producer, an automotive part that is manufactured by the same company that produced the original part used in the automobile's assembly, or a value-added reseller.
OEM manufacturing is also widely used in the packaging industry, particularly in the production of customized gift boxes for wine and spirits. These OEM producers allow brands to create unique holiday packaging without maintaining their own manufacturing facilities.
Intro (The xx song)
"Intro" is the opening song of English indie pop group The xx's debut studio album, xx (2009). It was composed as an instrumental by the group and produced by one of its members, Jamie xx. The song has been positively received, as well as earning comparisons to the works of Casiokids and Interpol. It has been analysed by The Daily Telegraph to have been a "TV favourite", getting play in several television adverts, events, and shows. The track has reached number 129 on the UK Singles Chart, as well as charting in France, Spain and the United States.

Rodaidh McDonald
Roderick William George "Rodaidh" McDonald is a Scottish record producer, and record company executive. He was born in Edinburgh, Scotland and currently resides in Los Angeles, California, United States. His production and mixing credits include The xx, King Krule, Adele, Sampha, Beck, Weyes Blood, Lykke Li, Daughter, Savages, The Horrors, Bobby Womack, Vampire Weekend, Glaive, Hot Chip, and Gil Scott-Heron.
Casa de la Moneda
Casa de la Moneda or Casa de Moneda is Spanish for mint (coin) (literally, house of money) and is the name of many buildings and institutions:

Casa de Moneda de la República Argentina, mint and museum

Casa de la Moneda de Bolivia

Casa de Moneda de Colombia, former mint, now a museum

Casa de la Moneda in Mariquita, Tolima, Colombia, 150 km north-west of Bogotá

Casa de Moneda de México

Real Casa de la Moneda y Timbre de Manila, the Manila Mint, Philippines

Spain
Fábrica Nacional de Moneda y Timbre – Real Casa de la Moneda, Royal Mint of Spain
Casa de Moneda de Jubia, Spain
The Casa de la Moneda in Segovia, Spain

The Casa de la Moneda in Ciudad Colonial (Santo Domingo), Dominican Republic

Casa de la Moneda in Tegucigalpa, Honduras

Casa de la Moneda de Montevideo, Uruguay

Mariquita, Tolima
San Sebastián de Mariquita is a town and municipality in the Tolima department of Colombia, about 150 km (93 mi) northwest of Bogotá. This town and municipality contains several important Spanish settlements that were located here due to its vicinity to the Magdalena River. Today, Mariquita is frequented by tourists from the capital visiting attractions like the Medina Waterfalls (Cataratas de Medina) and the mint (Casa de la Moneda). The Spanish conquistador Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada died there and is buried in the Primatial Cathedral of Bogotá. Today it is home to large hotels and haciendas, among them Villa de los Caballeros.

The population of the municipality was 32,642 as of the 2005 census.
Carl Stange
Carl Stange (7 March 1870 in Hamburg – 5 December 1959 in Göttingen) was a German Protestant theologian and philosopher. In his work, he mainly dealt with issues of ethics and the philosophy of religion.

He studied theology, history and philosophy at the universities of Halle, Göttingen, Leipzig and Jena, obtaining his habilitation for systematic theology in 1895 at Halle. In 1903 he became an associate professor at the University of Königsberg, and during the following year, was named a full professor of systematic theology at the University of Greifswald, where in 1911/12 he served as university rector. In 1912 he was appointed professor of systematic and practical theology at the University of Göttingen.

In 1932 he was named abbot at the Kloster Bursfelde. He was founder (1909) and editor of the journal Zeitschrift für Systematische Theologie.

Practical theology
Practical theology is an academic discipline that examines and reflects on religious practices in order to understand the theology enacted in those practices and in order to consider how theological theory and theological practices can be more fully aligned, changed, or improved. Practical theology has often sought to address a perceived disconnection between dogmatics or theology as an academic discipline on the one hand, and the life and practice of the church on the other.

As articulated by Richard Osmer, the four key tasks or questions to be asked by practical theology are:

What is going on? (the descriptive-empirical task)

Why is this going on? (the interpretative task)

What ought to be going on? (the normative task)

How might we respond? (the pragmatic task)