hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Morphic word
In mathematics and computer science, a morphic word or substitutive word is an infinite sequence of symbols which is constructed from a particular class of endomorphism of a free monoid.

Every automatic sequence is morphic.

Endomorphism
In abstract algebra, an endomorphism is a homomorphism from a mathematical object to itself. More generally in category theory, an endomorphism is a morphism from a category of objects to itself. An endomorphism that is also an isomorphism is an automorphism. For example, an endomorphism of a vector space V is a linear map f: V → V, and an endomorphism of a group G is a group homomorphism f: G → G.

In general, we can talk about endomorphisms in any category. In the category of sets, endomorphisms are functions from a set S to itself.

In any category, the composition of any two endomorphisms of X is again an endomorphism of X.  It follows that the set of all endomorphisms of X forms a monoid, the full transformation monoid, and denoted End(X) (or EndC(X) to emphasize the category C).
Castlevania II: Simon's Quest
Castlevania II: Simon's Quest is a 1987 action role-playing game developed and published by Konami. It was originally released in Japan in 1987 for the Famicom Disk System, and in North America in 1988 for the Nintendo Entertainment System. It is the second Castlevania game released for the NES, following the original Castlevania (1986). Set seven years after the events of the first installment, the player once again assumes the role of vampire hunter Simon Belmont, who is on a journey to undo a curse placed on him by Dracula at the end of their previous encounter. Dracula's body was split into five parts, which Simon must find and bring to the ruins of Castle Dracula in order to defeat him. The game deviates from the traditional platforming of its predecessor, incorporating role-playing and open world elements.

Castle Dracula
Castle Dracula (also known as Dracula’s castle) is the fictitious Transylvanian residence of Count Dracula, the vampire antagonist in Bram Stoker's 1897 horror novel Dracula. It is the setting of the first few and final scenes of the novel.
James J. Dwyer
James J. Dwyer is an American politician who represents the 30th Middlesex District in the Massachusetts House of Representatives. He was a member of the Woburn Housing Authority from 2000 to 2004 and the Woburn City Council from 2006 to 2009.

From 1975 to 2007, Dwyer worked for the Massachusetts Probation Department as a juvenile probation officer in the Middlesex Juvenile Court.

Woburn, Massachusetts
Woburn (/ˈwuːbərn/ ⓘ WOO-bərn) is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 40,876 at the 2020 census. Woburn is located 9 miles (14 km) north of Boston. Woburn uses Massachusetts' mayor-council form of government, in which an elected mayor is the executive and a partly district-based, partly at-large city council is the legislature. It was the last of Massachusetts' 351 municipalities to refer to members of its city council as "aldermen".
Song festival
Song festival can refer to a number of song contests or festivals:

Eurovision Song Contest, annual music competition

Sanremo Music Festival

ABU Song Festival (disambiguation), various song festivals and contests organized by the Asia-Pacific Broadcasting Union (ABU)

Baltic song festivals:
Estonian Song Festival
Latvian Song and Dance Festival
Lithuanian Song and Dance Festival

Little song festivals, events for minors:
Dainų dainelė, in Lithuania
Lilla Melodifestivalen in Sweden

Lithuanian Song and Dance Festival
The Lithuanian Song and Dance Festival (Lithuanian: Lietuvių dainų ir šokių šventė), colloquially known also as the Song Celebration (Lithuanian: Dainų šventė) is a Lithuanian massive traditional song and dance festival. It takes place roughly every four years. The event has been a national celebration throughout the interwar and upon Lithuania regaining its independence in 1990. The main event is traditionally hosted at Vingis Park in Vilnius.

On 7 November 2003, UNESCO proclaimed the tradition of the Song and Dance Celebration in Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia as a Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity and in 2008 added it to the List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage. Tradition of Song and Dance Celebrations in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania are also inscribed into The Intangible Cultural Heritage Inventory of Lithuania as a form of social practice, ritual and festive events.
Happy (Legacy of Sound song)
"Happy" is a song by Swedish band Legacy of Sound featuring Swedish singer-songwriter Meja, released in 1993 by Ariola, BMG and RCA as the first single from their debut album, Holy Groove (1993). The song was written by Meja with Anders Bagge and released in 20 countries. In their native Sweden, it reached number 18 on the Swedish Singles Chart, spending five weeks on the chart. It became a surprise hit in the US, peaking at seven and 20 on the Billboard Maxi-Singles Sales and Hot Dance Club Play charts. On the Billboard Mainstream Top 40 and Hot 100 charts, the song reached numbers 29 and 68, spending 12 weeks within the Hot 100.

Bertelsmann Music Group
Bertelsmann Music Group (BMG) was a division of a German media company Bertelsmann before its relaunch and completion of sale of the majority of its assets to Sony Corporation of America on 1 October 2008.

Although it was established in 1987, the music company was formed as RCA/Ariola International in 1985 as a joint venture to combine the music label activities of RCA's RCA Records division and Bertelsmann's Ariola Records and its associated labels which include Arista Records. It consisted of the BMG Music Publishing company, the world's third largest music publisher and the world's largest independent music publisher and (since August 2004) the 50% share of the joint venture with Sony Music, which established the German American Sony BMG from 2004 to 2008.
Annie Gravatt
Annie Gravatt (Annie Evelyn Rathbun) was an American forest pathologist. Her areas of research included plant physiology and white pine blister rust. She also studied Chestnut blight, the fungus that devastated American chestnut trees in the early 20th century. Along with her husband, George Gravatt, she founded the community of Scientists' Cliffs, Maryland.

Cronartium ribicola
Cronartium ribicola  is a species of rust fungus in the family Cronartiaceae that causes the disease white pine blister rust. Other names include: Rouille vésiculeuse du pin blanc (French), white pine Blasenrost (German), moho ampolla del pino blanco (Spanish).
Behavioural Processes
Behavioural Processes is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering the field of ethology. It was established in 1976 and is published by Elsevier. The editors-in-chief are Johan J. Bolhuis (Utrecht University) and Olga Lazareva (Drake University). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2022 impact factor of 1.3.

Drake University
Drake University is a private university in Des Moines, Iowa, United States. It offers over 140 undergraduate and graduate programs, including professional programs in business, education, law, and pharmacy. Drake University Law School was founded in 1865, which makes it one of the 25 oldest law schools in the United States.
East Humboldt Wilderness
The East Humboldt Wilderness is a protected wilderness area in the East Humboldt Range of Elko County, in the northeast section of the state of Nevada in the western United States.

The East Humboldt Wilderness covers an area of approximately 36,900 acres (14,900 ha), and is administered by the Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest.

Elko County, Nevada
Elko County is a county in the northeastern corner of Nevada, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 53,702. Its county seat is Elko. The county was established on March 5, 1869, from Lander County. Elko County is the fourth-largest county by area in the contiguous United States, ranking lower when the boroughs of Alaska are included. It is one of only 10 counties in the U.S. with more than 10,000 square miles (25,900 km2) of area. Elko County is the second-largest county by area in Nevada, with only Nye County being larger. Elko County is part of the Elko micropolitan statistical area. It contains 49.8 percent of the Duck Valley Indian Reservation, set up in the late 19th century for the Shoshone-Paiute peoples; they are a federally recognized tribe. Although slightly more than 50% of the reservation is across the border in Owyhee County, Idaho, the majority of tribal members live on the Nevada side. The reservation's land area is 450.391 square miles (1,166.5 km2).
Assault of Riau
The Assault of Riau took place in the 15th century during the wider Malacca–Majapahit conflict, the fighting occurred during the decline of Majapahit when numerous Islamic states spread Islam in the region, and saw Majapahit and other local Javanese kingdoms eventually dissolve.

The Malaccans who had started the assault on Majapahit, and sailed across from Malacca to Sumatra. Local Javanese Muslim states were also pushing Majapahit forces to collapse, by local Muslim states such as Mataram Sultanate, Aceh Sultanate, Demak Sultanate and others.

Aceh Sultanate
The Aceh Sultanate, officially the Kingdom of Aceh Darussalam (Acehnese: Acèh Darussalam; Jawoë: اچيه دارالسلام‎), was a sultanate centered in the modern-day province Indonesia of Aceh. It was a major regional power in the 16th and 17th centuries, before experiencing a long period of decline. Its capital was Kutaraja, the present-day Banda Aceh.

At its peak it competed with the Sultanate of Johor and Portuguese Malacca, both on the Malay Peninsula, as all three attempted to control the trade through the Strait of Malacca and the regional exports of pepper and tin, with varying success. In addition to its considerable military strength, the court of Aceh became a noted center of Islamic scholarship and trade.
Nicole Jackson (birder)
Nicole Jackson is an American birder and environmental educator. She co-founded the first Black Birders Week in 2020, is a board member for the Columbus Audubon chapter, and is a former member of the National Parks Conservation Association's Next Generation Advisory Council. She has worked with Outdoor Afro, Aldo Leopold Foundation, and Children & Nature Network’s Natural Leaders Network cohort, and North American Association of Environmental Education.

National Parks Conservation Association
The National Parks Conservation Association (NPCA) is the only independent, nonpartisan membership organization devoted exclusively to advocacy on behalf of the National Parks System. Its mission is "to protect and enhance America's National Park System for present and future generations."
The Descendant
The Descendant (Simplified Chinese: 香火) (Literally: Incense, a word play of inscent) is a Malaysian 2012 mega blockbuster Mandarin drama series produced by Juita Entertainment for ntv7. It is scheduled to air every Monday to Thursday, at 10:00pm on ntv7, starting 9 February 2012. This 30-episode period drama is set on the incense industry. Casting was made on 25 June 2011 and started filming on 7 July 2011.

NTV7
Natseven TV Sdn Bhd, operating as NTV7 is a Malaysian free-to-air television channel owned by Media Prima Berhad. The third private commercial TV station in Malaysia at the time of its launch, the network focused on the urban area with various types of programmes, dramas and news. As of October 2021, NTV7 is now become the second most-watched television station in Malaysia with about 15% of its viewing share, together with TV9, despite the declining viewership of 2 free-to-air television channels.
Walter Nicholson
Sir Walter Frederic Nicholson, KCB (22 July 1877 – 28 February 1946) was an English civil servant. Educated at Balliol College, Oxford, he joined the Civil Service in 1899, initially working as a clerk in the Admiralty. From 1920 to 1930, he was the Permanent Secretary of the Air Ministry. He was then the government member of the board of British Airways until 1937. He was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath in the 1916 New Year Honours, and was promoted to Knight Commander in the 1922 Birthday Honours.

In 1939 he married the archaeologicist Dorothy Lamb.

Permanent secretary
A permanent secretary is the most senior civil servant of a department or ministry charged with running the department or ministry's day-to-day activities. Permanent secretaries are the non-political civil service chief executives of government departments or ministries, who generally hold their position for a number of years (thus "permanent") at a ministry as distinct from the changing political secretaries of state to whom they report and provide advice. The role originated in the civil service of the United Kingdom and has been adopted in several Commonwealth countries as well as other countries influenced by the Westminster system.
Adolf Dinglreiter
Adolf Dinglreiter (27 October 1935 – 12 April 2024) was a German politician from the Christian Social Union of Bavaria. He was a member of the Landtag of Bavaria  from 1986 to 2003. Dinglreiter died on 12 April 2024, at the age of 88.

Landtag of Bavaria
The Landtag of Bavaria, officially known in English as the Bavarian State Parliament, is the unicameral legislature of the German state of Bavaria. The parliament meets in the Maximilianeum in Munich.

Elections to the Landtag are held every five years and have to be conducted on a Sunday or public holiday. The following elections have to be held no earlier than 59 months and no later than 62 months after the previous one, unless the Landtag is dissolved. The most recent elections to the Bavarian Landtag were held on 8 October 2023.

Bavaria's current state government, the third Söder cabinet, was formed after the 2023 election and is a coalition of the Christian Social Union (CSU) and the Free Voters (FW). An identical coalition was in power as the second Söder cabinet between 2018 and 2023. Markus Söder has been Minister-President of Bavaria since March 2018, when he succeeded Horst Seehofer.
Members of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly, 1860–1864
Members of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly who served in the fourth parliament of New South Wales held their seats from 1860 to 1864: The Speaker was Terence Murray until 13 October 1862 and then John Hay.

Speaker of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly
The Speaker of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly is the presiding officer of the Legislative Assembly, New South Wales's lower chamber of Parliament. The current Speaker is Greg Piper, who was elected on 9 May 2023.
2009–10 William & Mary Tribe men's basketball team
The 2009–10 William & Mary Tribe men's basketball team represented The College of William & Mary during the 2009–10 college basketball season. This was head coach Tony Shaver's seventh season at William & Mary. The Tribe competed in the Colonial Athletic Association and played their home games at Kaplan Arena. They finished the season 22–11, 12–6 in CAA play and lost in the championship game of the 2010 CAA men's basketball tournament to Old Dominion. They were invited to play in the 2010 National Invitation Tournament where they lost in the first round to North Carolina.

2009–10 Colonial Athletic Association men's basketball season
The 2009–10 CAA men's basketball season marks the 25th season of Colonial Athletic Association basketball. The conference had numerous "Silver Anniversary" programs and highlights throughout the season.
PFL 10 (2025)
The PFL 10 mixed martial arts event for the 2025 season of the Professional Fighters League was held on August 21, 2025, at Seminole Hard Rock Hotel & Casino Hollywood in Hollywood, Florida, United States. This event marked the finals of the single-elimination tournament format in the Heavyweight, Light heavyweight and Middleweight divisions.

Seminole Hard Rock Hotel & Casino Hollywood
Seminole Hard Rock Hotel & Casino Hollywood, also known as The Guitar Hotel, due to its tower having been designed and constructed to resemble a Gibson Les Paul guitar, is an integrated resort near Hollywood, Florida, United States, located on 100 acres (40 ha) of the Hollywood Reservation of the Seminole Tribe of Florida. The property currently has three hotel towers, a 140,000 sq ft (13,000 m2) casino, large poker room, a 4-acre (1.6 ha) lagoon-style pool facility with a center bar and many private restaurants, shops, spa, cabanas, bars and nightclubs, and the Hard Rock Event Center. A large expansion was completed in October 2019.
WJNZ (AM)
WJNZ (1000 AM, "Talk Radio 1000") is a daytime-only American radio station licensed to serve the community of Robertsdale, Alabama.  The station, launched in 1985, is owned and operated by Noah Britt, through licensee Tri City Radio, LLC.

Robertsdale, Alabama
Robertsdale is a city in Baldwin County, Alabama, United States, which includes the community of Rosinton. At the 2020 census, the population was 6,708. It is part of the Daphne-Fairhope-Foley metropolitan area.
Brandval (village)
Brandval is a village in Kongsvinger Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The village is located along the river Glomma, about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) north of the town of Kongsvinger. The Norwegian National Road 2 and the Solørbanen railway line both run through the village. Brandval Church is located in the village.

The village has a sawmill and some businesses involving wood products and logging.

Glomma
The Glomma or Glåma is Norway's longest and most voluminous river. With a total length of 621 kilometres (386 miles), it has a drainage basin that covers 13% of Norway's surface area, all in the southern part of the country.
Mot nya tider
Mot nya tider (Toward New Times) is a Swedish drama film from 1939 directed by Sigurd Wallén. It portrays the socio-political developments from 1885 until the dissolution of the union between Norway and Sweden in 1905. The film was shot from February to May 1939 at Sandrew Studios (Swedish: Sandrewateljéerna) in Stockholm and in Karlstad, Oslo, and Trondheim.

Dissolution of the union between Norway and Sweden
The dissolution of the union (Bokmål: unionsoppløsningen; Nynorsk: unionsoppløysinga; Landsmål: unionsuppløysingi; Swedish: unionsupplösningen) between the kingdoms of Norway and Sweden under the House of Bernadotte, was set in motion by a resolution of the Storting on 7 June 1905. Following some months of tension and fear of an outbreak of war between the neighbouring kingdoms (then in personal union) – and a Norwegian plebiscite held on 13 August which overwhelmingly backed dissolution – negotiations between the two governments led to Sweden's recognition of Norway as an independent constitutional monarchy on 26 October 1905. On that date, King Oscar II renounced his claim to the Norwegian throne, effectively dissolving the United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway, and this event was swiftly followed, on 18 November, by the accession to the Norwegian throne of Prince Carl of Denmark, taking the name of Haakon VII.
Tutta vita
Tutta vita is the second studio album by the Italian singer-songwriter Olly and record producer Juli, released on 25 October 2024 by Epic.

The release of the album was preceded by the singles "A squarciagola", "Devastante", and "Per due come noi", the latter a duet with Angelina Mango. In 2025, the album was reissued including the song "Balorda nostalgia", which won the 75th Sanremo Music Festival. Tutta vita topped the Italian Albums Chart and was certified seven times platinum by the Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana.

An expanded reissue, Tutta vita (sempre), was released on 26 September 2025.

Sanremo Music Festival 2025
The Sanremo Music Festival 2025 (Italian: Festival di Sanremo 2025), officially the 75th Italian Song Festival (75º Festival della canzone italiana), was the 75th edition of the annual Sanremo Music Festival, a television song contest held at the Teatro Ariston in Sanremo, organised and broadcast by Radiotelevisione italiana (RAI). It was held between 11 and 15 February 2025 and presented by Carlo Conti, who also served as the artistic director for the competition. The festival was won by Olly with "Balorda nostalgia", earning him the right of first refusal to represent Italy in the Eurovision Song Contest 2025; however, he ultimately declined the opportunity in favour of runner-up Lucio Corsi with "Volevo essere un duro".
Nazas chub
The Nazas chub (Gila conspersa) is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Leuciscidae, which includes the daces, chubs, Eurasian minnows and related species. This fish is endemic to Mexico where it is found in the endorheic drainage systems of the Nazas and the Aguanaval basin, which flow into the Bolsón de Mapimí, in the States of Coahuila, Durango and Zacatecas.

Phoxinus
Phoxinus is a genus of freshwater fish in the family Leuciscidae of order Cypriniformes, and the only members of the subfamily Phoxininae, or Eurasian minnows. The other species in this genus are also commonly known as minnows. The name "minnow" was what early English fisherman used to describe "small and insignificant". The genus Phoxinus is found throughout Eurasia, and includes 21 known species. Previously, members of the North American genus Chrosomus were also believed to form part of this genus.
JXTA
JXTA (Juxtapose) was an open-source peer-to-peer protocol specification begun by Sun Microsystems in 2001. The JXTA protocols were defined as a set of XML messages which allow any device connected to a network to exchange messages and collaborate independently of the underlying network topology.

As JXTA was based upon a set of open XML protocols, it could be implemented in any modern computer language. Implementations were developed for Java SE, C/C++, C# and Java ME. The C# Version used the C++/C native bindings and was not a complete re-implementation in its own right.

JXTA peers create a virtual overlay network which allows a peer to interact with other peers even when some of the peers and resources are behind firewalls and NATs or use different network transports. In addition, each resource is identified by a unique ID, a 160 bit SHA-1 URN in the Java binding, so that a peer can change its localization address while keeping a constant identification number.

Network address translation
Network address translation (NAT) is a method of mapping an IP address space into another by modifying network address information in the IP header of packets while they are in transit across a traffic routing device.  The technique was initially used to bypass the need to assign a new address to every host when a network was moved, or when the upstream Internet service provider was replaced but could not route the network's address space. It is a popular and essential tool in conserving global address space in the face of IPv4 address exhaustion. One Internet-routable IP address of a NAT gateway can be used for an entire private network.

As network address translation modifies the IP address information in packets, NAT implementations may vary in their specific behavior in various addressing cases and their effect on network traffic. Vendors of equipment containing NAT implementations do not commonly document the specifics of NAT behavior.
IKF U23 World Championship
The IKF Korfball U23 World Championship, often simply known as the U23 Korfball World Championship, is an international korfball competition contested by the U23 national teams of the members of International Korfball Federation (IKF), the sport's global governing body.

Korfball
Korfball (Dutch: korfbal [ˈkɔr(ə)vbɑl]) is a ball sport with similarities to netball, basketball, and ringball. The objective is to throw a ball into a netless basket that is mounted on a 3.5 m (11.5-foot) pole. Each team is composed of four female players and four male players. The sport was created in the Netherlands in 1902 by schoolteacher Nico Broekhuysen, and has since spread globally.