hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Project Coast
Project Coast was a top-secret chemical and biological weapons (CBW) programme instituted by the apartheid-era government of South Africa in the 1980s. Project Coast was the successor to a limited postwar CBW programme, which mainly produced the lethal agents CX powder and mustard gas, as well as non-lethal tear gas for riot control purposes. The programme was headed by the cardiologist Wouter Basson, who was also the personal physician of South African Prime Minister P. W. Botha.

Chemical warfare
Chemical warfare (CW) involves using the toxic properties of chemical substances as weapons. This type of warfare is distinct from nuclear warfare, biological warfare and radiological warfare, which together make up CBRN, the military acronym for chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (warfare or weapons), all of which are considered "weapons of mass destruction" (WMDs), a term that contrasts with conventional weapons.

The use of chemical weapons in international armed conflicts is prohibited under international humanitarian law by the 1925 Geneva Protocol and the Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907. The 1993 Chemical Weapons Convention prohibits signatories from acquiring, stockpiling, developing, and using chemical weapons in all circumstances except for very limited purposes (research, medical, pharmaceutical or protective).
West Second Street Historic District (Mesa, Arizona)
The West Second Street Historic District is the oldest historic district in the city of Mesa, Arizona. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1999 and features a greater variety of architectural styles than other historic districts in the city. Styles represented include Colonial Revival, Spanish Colonial Revival, Tudor Revival, Mission Revival, and Pueblo Revival. The district includes many homes of Mesa's most prominent families from its early history.

The original boundaries of the district were roughly between Robson St. and Center St., from 1st St. to 3rd St. In 2003, the district was expanded to include the entire area roughly bounded by Robson St., University Dr. and MacDonald St.

An annual historic home tour, sponsored by the Mesa Historical Museum, allows the public to visit several homes in the district.

Mission Revival architecture
The Mission Revival style was part of an architectural movement, beginning in the late 19th century, for the revival and reinterpretation of American colonial styles. Mission Revival drew inspiration from the late 18th and early 19th century Spanish missions in California. It is sometimes termed California Mission Revival, particularly when used elsewhere, such as in New Mexico and Texas which have their own unique regional architectural styles. In Australia, the style is known as Spanish Mission.

The Mission Revival movement was most popular between 1890 and 1915, in numerous residential, commercial and institutional structures, particularly schools and railroad depots.
Austrian Film Award
The Austrian Film Award (German: Österreichischer Filmpreis), is the annual national film award of Austria, first given out in 2011. It is voted on by members of the Austrian Film Academy (German: Österreichische Filmakademie), which was founded in 2009 and consists of distinguished professionals from the Austrian film industry. The trophy was designed by media artist Valie Export.

The 2020 edition saw the drama Joy winning four awards, including the top prize for Best Fiction Film.

Valie Export
Valie Export (often stylized as 'VALIE EXPORT'; born 17 May 1940) is an avant-garde Austrian artist. She is best known for provocative public performances and expanded cinema work. Her artistic work also includes video installations, computer animations, photography, sculpture and publications covering contemporary art.
Leandro Sarmatz
Leandro Sarmatz is a Brazilian writer and journalist. He was born in Porto Alegre and now lives in São Paulo. He studied at PUC-RS. Sarmatz was an editor at the publishing house Companhia das Letras, leaving it in 2016 to establish a new publishing house, Todavia. He is also a columnist and journalist for a number of Brazilian media outlets.

He is the author of the play Mães e sogras (2000), the poetry collection Logocausto (2009) and the short story collection Uma fome (2010). He was named by Granta magazine as one of the best young writers in Brazil.

Granta
Granta is a literary magazine and publisher in the United Kingdom whose mission centres on its "belief in the power and urgency of the story, both in fiction and non-fiction, and the story's supreme ability to describe, illuminate and make real." In 2007, The Observer stated: "In its blend of memoirs and photojournalism, and in its championing of contemporary realist fiction, Granta has its face pressed firmly against the window, determined to witness the world."

Granta has published twenty-seven laureates of the Nobel Prize in Literature. Literature published by Granta has regularly won such prizes as the Forward Prize, T. S. Eliot Prize, Pushcart Prize and more.
Al-Abbas ibn Amr al-Ghanawi
Al-'Abbas ibn 'Amr al-Ghanawi (Arabic: العباس بن عمرو الغنوي; died 917) was an Arab military commander and provincial governor for the Abbasid dynasty. He is known for his defeat and capture at the hands of the Qarmatians in 900.

Abbasid dynasty
The Abbasid dynasty, or Abbasids, (Arabic: بنو العباس, romanized: Banu al-ʿAbbās) was an Arab dynasty that ruled the third Islamic caliphate between 750 and 1258. They were from the Qurayshi Hashimid clan of Banu Abbas, descended from Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib. The Abbasid Caliphate is divided into three main periods: Early Abbasid era (750–861), Middle Abbasid era (861–936) and Later Abbasid era (936–1258). A cadet branch of the dynasty also ruled as ceremonial rulers for the Mamluk Sultanate (1261–1517) until their conquest by the Ottoman Empire.
St. John's Episcopal Church (Fort Washington, Maryland)
St. John's Church, St. John's Episcopal Church, or St. John's Episcopal Church, Broad Creek (formerly King George's Parish), is a historic Episcopal church located at 9801 Livingston Road in  Fort Washington, Prince George's County, Maryland. It is a rectangular Flemish bond brick structure with a bell hipped roof. The interior features a barrel vaulted ceiling with an intricate support system.

Vault (architecture)
In architecture, a vault (French voûte, from Italian volta) is a self-supporting arched form, usually of stone or brick, serving to cover a space with a ceiling or roof. As in building an arch, a temporary support is needed while rings of voussoirs are constructed and the rings placed in position. Until the topmost voussoir, the keystone, is positioned, the vault is not self-supporting. Where timber is easily obtained, this temporary support is provided by centering consisting of a framed truss with a semicircular or segmental head, which supports the voussoirs until the ring of the whole arch is completed.

The Mycenaeans (ca. 1800–1050 BC) were known for their tholos tombs, also called beehive tombs, which were underground structures with conical vaults. This type of vault is one of the earliest evidences of curved brick architecture without the use of stone arches, and its construction represented an innovative technique for covering circular spaces.
Music of Darker than Black
The action anime Darker than Black features music composed by Yoko Kanno who created one soundtrack. Kanno was approached by director Tensai Okamura in regards to ideas about detective stories-like scenario to fit the atmosphere. For the sequel, Darker than Black: Gemini of the Meteor, Kanno was replaced by Yasushi Ishii who described his music as a battlefield.

The music was collected in multiple soundtracks while the opening and ending themes have been popular.

An Cafe
Antic Café (アンティック-珈琲店-, Antikku Kafe; nicknamed An Cafe) is a Japanese pop rock band formed in 2003 and signed to Sony Music Japan. Their visual image is oshare kei, and they describe their music as "Harajuku Dance Rock". The group has released six full-length albums, two compilation albums, and four EPs. On September 1, 2009, the band announced that after their live show on January 4, 2010 at the Nippon Budokan, they would suspend activities and put the group on hiatus, however they stated they will not disband. In 2012, after a two-year break, the team announced the resumption of activities. In June 2018, the band announced the departure of all members but Miku and a hiatus beginning in January 2019. On September 16th, 2024, they announced their return, with a re-recorded version of a song, plus the announcement of a 2025 tour, with all members returning except for Bou.
Madera County Courthouse
The Madera County Courthouse is the former county courthouse of Madera County, California. The courthouse is located at 210 W. Yosemite Ave. in Madera. It was built in 1900 using granite quarried within the county. The courthouse was the first significant public building constructed in Madera County. The building is topped by a clock tower; the tower fell in a 1906 fire but was rebuilt. In 1953, the county government left the courthouse, as a survey found the building to be unsafe. The Madera County Historical Society later converted the courthouse into a museum.

The Madera County Courthouse was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 3, 1971.

Madera County, California
Madera County (/məˈdɛərə/ ⓘ; Madera, Spanish for "Wood"), officially the County of Madera, is a county located at the geographic center of the U.S. state of California. It features a varied landscape, encompassing the eastern San Joaquin Valley and the central Sierra Nevada, with Madera serving as the county seat. Established in 1893 from part of Fresno County, Madera County reported a population of 156,255 in the 2020 census.

The name Madera is Spanish for "wood," a reference to the county’s early lumber industry. Portions of Yosemite National Park lie within the county, and tourism, along with agriculture—particularly almonds, grapes, and pistachios—form major parts of the local economy. According to the United States Census Bureau, the county’s median household income is below the state average, and its poverty rate is higher than the California average.
Habo IF
Habo IF is a sports club in Habo in Sweden, established on 26 April 1926, now only playing association football. The men's bandy team, which has played in the Swedish second division, played the qualifying rounds for the Swedish top division three times during the 1940s. In 1944, the bandy team lost 3–6 against IFK Nässjö in the qualifying rounds. The bandy section was disestablished in 1998. The club has also competed in athletics, handball, table tennis, cycling, racewalking, Nordic skiing, orienteering, and gymnastics. It is the mother club of Erik Edman and Zlatan Muslimović.

Erik Edman
Erik Kenneth Edman (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈêːrɪk ˈěːdman]; born 11 November 1978) is a Swedish former professional footballer who played as a defender. Starting off his career with Helsingborgs IF in 1997, he went on to represent clubs in Italy, Germany, the Netherlands, England, and France before retiring at Helsingborg in 2013. A full international between 2001 and 2009, he won 57 caps for the Sweden national team and represented his country at the 2002 FIFA World Cup, UEFA Euro 2004, and the 2006 FIFA World Cup.
Calolydella
Calolydella is a genus of parasitoid flies in the family Tachinidae. This genus has been shown to primarily parasitize multiple species of caterpillars across a wide variety of families (Lepidoptera: Crambidae; Erebidae; Geometridae; Hesperiidae; Lycaenidae; Nymphalidae; Pieridae; Riodinidae; and Sphingidae).

Riodinidae
Riodinidae is the family of metalmark butterflies. The common name "metalmarks" refers to the small, metallic-looking spots commonly found on their wings. The 1,532 species are placed in 146 genera. Although mostly Neotropical in distribution, the family is also represented both in the Nearctic, Palearctic, Australasian (Dicallaneura), Afrotropic (Afriodinia, Saribia), and Indomalayan realms.
Bayram Mammadov
Bayram Mammadov (Azerbaijani: Bayram Məmmədov; 1 March 1995 – 2 May 2021) was an Azerbaijani human rights activist. A member of the Nida Civic Movement, in 2016 he was sentenced to ten years' imprisonment on drug charges that were widely considered by human rights groups to be fabricated and in response to him having earlier graffitied a statute of Heydar Aliyev, the former President of Azerbaijan.

Nida Civic Movement
Nida Civic Movement (Azerbaijani: Nida Vətəndaş Hərəkatı), commonly referred to as N!DA or simply Nida, is an Azerbaijani civic movement founded in early 2011 to achieve democratic and social changes in Azerbaijan. Currently it has over 350 members comprising mainly young individuals as well as well-known politicians and activists. The movement claims to have no affiliation with any of the political parties in the country. Nida means "exclamation" in Azerbaijani.
Billboard Latin Music Award for Digital Song of the Year
The Billboard Latin Music Award for Digital Song of the Year (formerly Latin Digital Download of the Year) is an honor presented annually at the Billboard Latin Music Awards, a ceremony which honors "the most popular albums, songs, and performers in Latin music, as determined by the actual sales, radio airplay, online streaming and social data that informs Billboard's weekly charts." The award is given to the best performing singles on Billboard's Latin Digital Songs chart, which measures the best selling Spanish-language recordings in the United States. The list was established by the magazine on January 23, 2010.

Daddy Yankee is the most awarded act in the category with three wins. The award has not been given out since 2020, its last recipient being Daddy Yankee and Snow for their song Con Calma.

Airplay
Airplay is how frequently a song is being played through broadcasting on radio stations. A song which is being played several times every day (spins) would have a significant amount of airplay. Music which became very popular on jukeboxes, in nightclubs and at discotheques between the 1940s and 1960s would also have airplay.
Queens of Panguru
Queens of Panguru is a New Zealand reality television mini series that airs on Māori Television. The show focused on the personal lives of three cousins Jay Tewake, Ramon Te Wake and Maihi Makiha. They are from the LGBT community in Auckland, but they returned home to their small town of Panguru. Its premise originated with Mika X, who also served as an executive producer. The series debuted on March 22, 2017, with only five episodes in the series. All three drag queens are related through notable tribe leader Heremia Te Wake, who was the father of respected kuia (Māori elder), Dame Whina Cooper.

Heremia Te Wake
Heremia Te Wake (c. 1838 – 29 November 1918) was a New Zealand tribal leader, farmer, assessor and catechist. Of Māori descent, he identified with the Te Rarawa iwi. He was born in Te Karaka, Northland, New Zealand. His daughter, land activist Whina Cooper, would help him in his work.

He was deeply committed to the Catholic Church. He was a catechist who instructed the young and led services when clergy were absent. He died of influenza during the global 1918 flu pandemic.
Severin doctrine
The Severin doctrine, established in the 1943 case Severin v. United States, 99 Ct. Cl. 435, is a legal principle in United States federal contract law. It stipulates that a prime contractor cannot sue the federal government to recover damages incurred by a subcontractor unless the prime contractor is liable to the subcontractor for those damages.

General contractor
A contractor (North American English) or builder (British English), is responsible for the day-to-day oversight of a construction site, management of vendors and trades, and the communication of information to all involved parties throughout the course of a building project.

In the United States, a contractor may be a sole proprietor managing a project and performing labor or carpentry work, have a small staff, or may be a very large company managing billion dollar projects. Some builders build new homes, some are remodelers, some are developers.
Reticulated foam
Reticulated foam is a very porous, low-density solid foam. 'Reticulated' means like a net. Reticulated foams are extremely open foams i.e. there are few, if any, intact bubbles or cell windows. In contrast, the foam formed by soap bubbles is composed solely of intact (fully enclosed) bubbles. In a reticulated foam only the lineal boundaries where the bubbles meet (Plateau borders) remain.

The solid component of a reticulated foam may be an organic polymer like polyurethane, a ceramic, or a metal. These materials are used in a wide range of applications where the high porosity and large surface area are needed, including filters, catalyst supports, fuel tank inserts, and loudspeaker covers.

Soap bubble
A soap bubble (commonly referred to as simply a bubble) is an extremely thin film of soap or detergent and water enclosing air that forms a hollow sphere with an iridescent surface. Soap bubbles usually last for only a few seconds before bursting, either on their own or on contact with another object. They are often used for children's enjoyment, but they are also used in artistic performances. Assembling many bubbles results in foam.

When light shines onto a bubble it appears to change colour. Unlike those seen in a rainbow, which arise from differential refraction, the colours seen in a soap bubble arise from light wave interference, reflecting off the front and back surfaces of the thin soap film. Depending on the thickness of the film, different colours interfere constructively and destructively.
Ukbara
Ukbara (Arabic: عكبرا) was a medieval city in Iraq. It was located on the left bank of the Tigris between Samarra and Baghdad. The Tigris has changed course since, and its ruins now lie some distance from the river.

Al-Maqdisi
Shams al-Din Abu Abd Allah Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Abi Bakr, commonly known by the nisba al-Maqdisi or al-Muqaddasī,, meaning Jerusalemite, was a medieval Arab geographer, author of The Best Divisions in the Knowledge of the Regions and Description of Syria (Including Palestine).

His work has been praised for its vivid descriptions, especially of his native Palestine, an identity with which he proudly identified.
Indie Hoy
Indie Hoy is an Argentine online publication launched in 2008 and based in Buenos Aires. It publishes daily reviews, news and interviews that mainly focuses on music, also including other forms of popular culture.

Music criticism
The Oxford Companion to Music defines music criticism as "the intellectual activity of formulating judgments on the value and degree of excellence of individual works of music, or whole groups or genres". In this sense, it is a branch of musical aesthetics.

With the concurrent expansion of interest in music and information media since the turn of the 20th century, the term has come to acquire the conventional meaning of journalistic reporting on musical performances.
Dwight Benton
Dwight Baldwin Benton (September 9, 1834 – April 7, 1903) was an American painter, journalist and United States Consul-General of the Republic of Hawaii for Italy who resided for decades in Rome.

He learned painting in the United States, painting landscapes, portraits and cityscapes of the midwest. He became an expatriate and painted watercolor landscapes, including of the Protestant Cemetery in Rome, but also vedute of the Sabina, or the areas around Olevano and Subiaco. He also painted Veduta dell'Isola di Capri. He published a journal entitled The Roman World.

Olevano Romano
Olevano Romano is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Rome in the Italian region of Latium, located about 45 kilometres (28 mi) east of Rome.

It is the probable birthplace of the composer Giovanni Gentile.
Action for World Solidarity
Action for World Solidarity (German: Aktionsgemeinschaft Solidarische Welt e.V. or in short ASW) is a non-profit and non-governmental association based in Berlin. The organization supports projects in Asia, Africa and Latin America.

Founded in 1957, Action for World Solidarity is one of the oldest organizations in Germany active in development policy.

Since its beginnings and unlike many other organizations, the association does not send development workers to other countries. It has been a trendsetter in terms of supporting projects that are set up by local people and are implemented on their sole responsibility. The objective of Action for World Solidarity's support is to strengthen disadvantaged people or groups with financial and ideal support, in order to create a self-contained social transformation.

Priority issues are respect for human rights, women's empowerment and protection of the environment in the countries of the south.

Environmental protection
Environmental protection, or environment protection, refers to the taking of measures to protecting the natural environment, prevent pollution and maintain ecological balance. Action may be taken by individuals, advocacy groups and governments. Objectives include the conservation of the existing natural environment and natural resources and, when possible, repair of damage and reversal of harmful trends.

Due to the pressures of overconsumption, population growth and technology, the biophysical environment is being degraded, sometimes permanently. This has been recognized, and governments have begun placing restraints on activities that cause environmental degradation. Since the 1960s, environmental movements have created more awareness of the multiple environmental problems. There is disagreement on the extent of the environmental impact of human activity, so protection measures are occasionally debated.
The Sight and Sound Greatest Films of All Time 2022
The "Top 100 Greatest Films of All Time" is a list published every ten years by Sight and Sound according to worldwide opinion polls they conduct. They published the critics' list, based on 1,639 participating critics, programmers, curators, archivists and academics, and the directors' list, based on 480 directors and filmmakers. Sight and Sound, published by the British Film Institute (BFI), has conducted a poll of the greatest films every 10 years since 1952.

Tokyo Story
Tokyo Story (Japanese: 東京物語, Hepburn: Tōkyō Monogatari) is a 1953 Japanese drama film directed by Yasujirō Ozu and starring Chishū Ryū and Chieko Higashiyama, about an aging couple who travel to Tokyo to visit their grown children.

Upon release, it did not immediately gain international recognition and was considered "too Japanese" to be marketable by Japanese film exporters. It was screened in 1957 in London, where it won the inaugural Sutherland Trophy the following year, and received praise from U.S. film critics after a 1972 screening in New York City.

Tokyo Story is widely regarded as Ozu's magnum opus and one of the greatest films in the history of cinema. It was voted the greatest film of all time in the 2012 edition of a poll of film directors by Sight and Sound magazine.