hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Joe Gambardella
Joseph Gabriel Gambardella (born December 1, 1993) is an American former professional ice hockey center. He attended the University of Massachusetts–Lowell where he played college ice hockey and was a business major. Undrafted into the NHL,  Gambardella signed an entry-level contract with the Edmonton Oilers in 2017.

2018–19 AHL season
The 2018–19 AHL season was the 83rd season of the American Hockey League. The regular season began October 5, 2018, and ended April 15, 2019. The 2019 Calder Cup playoffs followed the conclusion of the regular season. This was the last year the Calder Cup was awarded until 2022.
Tradeoffs for locomotion in air and water
Certain species of fish and birds are able to locomote in both air and water, two fluid media with very different properties. A fluid is a particular phase of matter that deforms under shear stresses and includes any type of liquid or gas. Because fluids are easily deformable and move in response to applied forces, efficiently locomoting in a fluid medium presents unique challenges. Specific morphological characteristics are therefore required in animal species that primarily depend on fluidic locomotion. Because the properties of air and water are so different, swimming and flying have very disparate morphological requirements. As a result, despite the large diversity of animals that are capable of flight or swimming, only a limited number of these species have mastered the ability to both fly and swim. These species demonstrate distinct morphological and behavioral tradeoffs associated with transitioning from air to water and water to air.

Shear stress
Shear stress (often denoted by τ, Greek: tau) is the component of stress coplanar with a material cross section. It arises from the shear force, the component of force vector parallel to the material cross section.  Normal stress, on the other hand, arises from the force vector component perpendicular to the material cross section on which it acts.
Haile Mariam Mammo
Haile Mariam Mammo (1904 – 6 June 1938), alternatively known as Lej Hayla Maryam Mammo, was an Ethiopian soldier and a leader of the Patriot movement (Arbegnoch) during the Italian occupation of Ethiopia. He fought in the Second Italo-Ethiopian War in 1936 before becoming a resistance leader in his native province of Shewa. He was mortally wounded in battle with the Italians.

Debre Birhan
Debre Birhan (Amharic: ደብረ ብርሃን) is a city in central Ethiopia. Located in the Semien Shewa Zone of Amhara Region, about 120 kilometers north east of Addis Ababa on  Ethiopian highway 2, the town has an elevation of 2,840 meters, which makes it the highest town in Africa. It was an early capital of Ethiopia and afterwards, with Ankober and Angolalla, was one of the capitals of the kingdom of Shewa. Today, it is the administrative center of the North Shewa Zone of the Amhara Region.
Valley of the Dolls (soundtrack)
Valley of the Dolls is a 1967 film soundtrack album released by 20th Century Fox Records, from the studio's film of the same name. It features several songs performed in the film, as well as the musical score by John Williams and Dory and André Previn.

Dory Previn
Dorothy Veronica "Dory" Previn (née Langan; October 22, 1925 – February 14, 2012) was an American lyricist, singer-songwriter and poet.

During the late 1950s and 1960s, Previn was a lyricist on songs intended for motion pictures and, with her then husband, André Previn, received several Academy Award nominations. In the 1970s, after their divorce, she released six albums of original songs and an acclaimed live album. Previn's lyrics from this period are characterized by their originality, irony and honesty in dealing with her troubled personal life as well as more generally about relationships, sexuality, religion and psychology. Until her death, she continued to work as a writer of song lyrics and prose.
Polysulfobetaine
Polysulfobetaines are zwitterionic polymers that contain a positively charged quaternary ammonium and a negatively charged sulfonate group within one constitutional repeat unit. In recent years, polysulfobetaines have received increasing attention owing to their good biotolerance and ultralow-fouling behavior towards surfaces. These properties are mainly referred to a tightly bound hydration layer around each zwitterionic group, which effectively suppresses protein adsorption and thus, improves anti-fouling behavior. Therefore, polysulfobetaines have been typically employed as ultrafiltration membranes, blood-contacting devices, and drug delivery materials.

The chemical structure of polysulfobetaines can be divided in several subgroups. Most widespread are amides of (meth)acrylic acid ('PSPP') or quaternary esters ('PSPE'). Also, compounds from poly(vinylpyridinium), poly(vinylimidazolium), or quaternary poly(pyrrolidinium) as well as zwitterionic ionenes, are often found.

Protein adsorption
Adsorption (not to be mistaken for absorption) is the accumulation and adhesion of molecules, atoms, ions, or larger particles to a surface, but without surface penetration occurring. The adsorption of larger biomolecules such as proteins is of high physiological relevance, and as such they adsorb with different mechanisms than their molecular or atomic analogs. Some of the major driving forces behind protein adsorption include: surface energy, intermolecular forces, hydrophobicity, and ionic or electrostatic interaction. By knowing how these factors affect protein adsorption, they can then be manipulated by machining, alloying, and other engineering techniques to select for the most optimal performance in biomedical or physiological applications.
Boetie Britz
Boetie Britz (born 28 July 1987) is a South African rugby union player, who can play as a loose-forward or a hooker.

After representing the SWD Eagles at the Craven Week and making the South African schools team in 2005, as well as the SA Under-19 team in the 2006 World Championships, he then represented Western Province at Under 19, Under 21 and Vodacom Cup level between 2007 and 2009, where his career was hampered by a series of injuries. In 2009 and 2010, he played for Maties in the FNB Varsity Cup, helping them to two championships.

He joined the Eastern Province Kings for the 2011 season. He was named in the Southern Kings wider training squad for the 2013 Super Rugby season, but was subsequently released to the Vodacom Cup squad.

Stormers
The Stormers (known for sponsorship reasons as the DHL Stormers) is a South African professional rugby union team based in Cape Town in the Western Cape that competes in the United Rugby Championship, a trans-hemispheric competition that also involves sides from Ireland, Italy, Scotland and Wales and the domestic Currie Cup competition as the Western Province. They competed in the Super Rugby competition until 2020. They have won one major international championship, the 2021-22 United Rugby Championship, and seven South African 'conference' titles, five in the South African Conference of Super Rugby, and two in the URC equivalent, the South African Shield, while in the Currie Cup having won the competition on a record 34 occasions.
Llannor
Llannor (Welsh pronunciation: [ˈɬanɔr]) is a village, parish and community located on the Llŷn Peninsula (Welsh: Penrhyn Llŷn) in the Welsh county of Gwynedd. Historically in Caernarfonshire, it lies 1.7 miles (2.8 km) north of Pwllheli and 18.0 miles (29.0 km) south west of Caernarfon. The community includes the villages of Y Ffor, Abererch, Efailnewydd, Llwyndyrys and Rhos-fawr, and had a population of 2,244 in 2010, reducing slightly to 2,145 at the 2011 Census.

The medieval church of the Holy Cross was rebuilt by Henry Kennedy in 1855. Later alterations were made by Harold Hughes in 1905.

It is a grade II* listed building.

Caernarfonshire
Caernarfonshire (/kərˈnɑːrvənʃər/; Welsh: Sir Gaernarfon, Welsh pronunciation: [ˈsir gaɨ̯rˈnarvɔn]), previously spelled Caernarvonshire or Carnarvonshire, was one of the thirteen counties of Wales that existed from 1536 until their abolition in 1974. It was located in the north-west of Wales.
John B. Goodrich
John Benton Goodrich (January 7, 1836 – January 11, 1900) was an American lawyer and politician who was district attorney of Middlesex County, Massachusetts from 1872 to 1874.

Goodrich was born on January 7, 1836, in Fitchburg, Massachusetts to John and Mary A. (Blake) Goodrich. He graduated from Dartmouth College in 1857 and studied law in the office of Norcross & Snow in Fitchburg. He was admitted to the bar in 1859. He opened an office in Boston and resided in Watertown, Massachusetts, where he was a member of the school committee. In 1865 he married Anne Louise Woodward. They had one son. That same year he moved to Newton, Massachusetts. From 1868 to 1871 he was chairman of the Newton school board. From 1869 to 1870 he was a member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives. From 1872 to 1874 he was the district attorney of Middlesex County, Massachusetts. He died on January 11, 1900.

Watertown, Massachusetts
Watertown is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States, part of Greater Boston. The population was 35,329 in the 2020 census. Its neighborhoods include Bemis, Coolidge Square, East Watertown, Watertown Square, and the West End.

Watertown was one of the first Massachusetts Bay Colony settlements organized by Puritan settlers in 1630. The city is home to the Perkins School for the Blind, the Armenian Library and Museum of America, and the historic Watertown Arsenal, which produced military armaments from 1816 through World War II.
Dick's Picks Volume 29
Dick's Picks Volume 29 is an album by the rock band the Grateful Dead. The 29th installment of the "Dick's Picks" archival series, it was recorded May 19, 1977, at the Fox Theatre in Atlanta, Georgia, and May 21, 1977, at the Lakeland Civic Center in Lakeland, Florida. The six-CD release is the longest album in the series and the only one with more than four CDs.

The album contains all of both concerts, except for the encore of the Florida show ("U.S. Blues"). Also included are five unlisted bonus tracks, recorded October 11, 1977 at the Lloyd Noble Center in Norman, Oklahoma. Additional material from this concert later appeared on Road Trips Volume 1 Number 2.

Lloyd Noble Center
The Lloyd Noble Center is a 10,967-seat multi-purpose arena located in Norman, Oklahoma, some 19 mi (31 km) south of downtown Oklahoma City. It opened in 1975 and is home to the University of Oklahoma men's and women's basketball and women's gymnastics teams of the Southeastern Conference.  It also regularly hosts concerts, including city school orchestra concerts, and graduation ceremonies for colleges within the University of Oklahoma as well as those for several high schools in the area.
Michelle Clarke-Stables
Michelle Clarke-Stables, also known as McStables, was born in 1977 in Stafford UK. This British artist is best known for colourful, spontaneous portraiture work.  She currently lives and works in Yorkshire, England.

In 2013 her project, Snapshots of Familial Gazes, gained support from notable public figures Maya Angelou, Germaine Greer, Judi Dench, and comedian Jo Brand. As part of this project she also painted playwright Githa Sowerby. However, this painting was displayed separately at the York Theatre Royal.

In 2014 Clarke-Stables worked on a number of projects. Whatever They Said, was a portrait project which looked at the exchange of language through face-to-face conversations and found text. The subjects included Egyptologist Joann Fletcher, comedian Arthur Smith, actor Judi Dench, fashion guru Gok Wan, comedian Francesca Martinez and writer Joanne Harris.

She has also retraced her sculpture roots through making a series of large direct plaster sculptures.

Githa Sowerby
Katherine Githa Sowerby (6 October 1876 – 30 June 1970), also known under her pen name K. G. Sowerby, was an English playwright, children's writer, and member of the Fabian Society. A feminist, she was well-known during the early twentieth century for her 1912 hit play Rutherford & Son, but lapsed into obscurity in later decades.

Rutherford & Son was first revived in 1980, and since then there have been several productions, including one at the Royal National Theatre in 1994 and, most recently, by Sheffield Theatres. A biography of Sowerby by Pat Riley, Looking for Githa, appeared in 2009, with a revised edition in 2019. In addition to several plays, Sowerby wrote books of poetry and short stories for children, illustrated by her sister Millicent Sowerby. Her papers and memorabilia are in the collections at the Tyne and Wear Archives.
Aenictus binghamii
Aenictus binghamii is a species of tiger's eye-colored army ant found in Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar, and Thailand. Colonies have been described in detail in Pak Chong District of Thailand, and Cúc Phương National Park in Vietnam, where a queen was noted in a bivouac at nighttime.

Pak Chong district
Pak Chong (Thai: ปากช่อง, pronounced [pàːk tɕʰɔ̂ŋ]; Northeastern Thai: ปากช่อง, pronounced [pàːk sɔ̄ŋ]) is the westernmost district (amphoe) of Nakhon Ratchasima province, northeastern Thailand, and the main point of entry into Isan as the main road and rail lines cross the Dong Phaya Yen Mountains into the region. It is a popular tourist destination, especially among weekenders from Bangkok, and is home to many resorts and touristy attractions, in addition to the main entrance into Khao Yai National Park.
Shea Emry
Shea Emry (born April 23, 1986) is a Canadian former professional football linebacker who played eight seasons in the Canadian Football League (CFL). He was drafted by the Montreal Alouettes in the first round of the 2008 CFL draft and would play there for six seasons before signing with the Toronto Argonauts in 2014. He played CIS Football at the University of British Columbia after playing three seasons of NCAA Football at Eastern Washington.

He is the founder and CEO of WellMen Project, a men's adventure club which aims to empower men to take initiative in their own mental wellness.

U Sports football
U Sports football is the highest level of amateur play of Canadian football and operates under the auspices of U Sports, Canada's governing body for university sports. Twenty-seven teams from Canadian universities are divided into four athletic conferences, drawing from the four regional associations of U Sports: Canada West Universities Athletic Association, Ontario University Athletics, Réseau du sport étudiant du Québec, and Atlantic University Sport. At the end of every season, the champions of each conference advance to semifinal bowl games; the winners of these meet in the Vanier Cup national championship.
Harry Scott Thornicroft
Henry Scott Thornicroft, nicknamed "Dongolosi"(16 January 1868 – 19 March 1944) was a British Native Commissioner in Petauke, in North-Western Rhodesia and later Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia) for 17 years and later a Justice of the Peace in Fort Jameson (now Chipata).

Thornicroft was born in St Pancras, London, the son of coal merchant Thomas Thornicroft and his wife, Matilda. In Rhodesia, Harry Thornicroft married a local woman and had 11 children, including Gaston Thornicroft, later a leader of the coloured community. Thornicroft's Giraffe, a subspecies of giraffe endemic to the Luangwa Valley, is named after him, from a specimen which he had shot and sent to the Natural History Museum, London, where it was displayed.

He died in Northern Rhodesia.

Coal merchant
A coal merchant is the term used in the UK and other countries for a trader who sells coal and often delivers it to households. Coal merchants were once a major class of local business, but have declined in importance in many parts of the developed world due to the rise of alternative heating methods, including central heating, gas, oil and electric heating. The men who carried the coal to households were called coal men.

The mass of coal homes burned was large; the UK government estimated in 1975 that the average household burning solid fuel used about 4.7 tons per year.
Coto 47 Airport
Coto 47 Airport (IATA: OTR, ICAO: MRCC) is an airport serving Coto 47, a community among the oil palm plantations in Puntarenas Province, Costa Rica. The runway is 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) from the Panama border.

The Coto 47 non-directional beacon (Ident: COT) is located on the field.

The airport is accessible to locations such as Pavones, Sabalos, Neily (es) and Playa Zancudo. A scheduled bus, the Finca 40, leaves for Neily daily, and there are also many taxis available for transport to other locations.

Pavones
Pavones [paˈβones] is an administrative neighborhood (barrio) of Madrid belonging to the district of Moratalaz. It has an area of 1.016979 km2 (0.392658 sq mi). As of 1 February 2020, it has a population of 9197. The Madrid Spain Temple of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is located here; it is the church's most iconic building in Spain.
Speewa, New South Wales
Speewa is a rural locality in the Riverina District of New South Wales, Australia near the Murray River in Murray River Council local government area.

It is connected to the locality of Speewa, Victoria by the Speewa Ferry across the Murray.  It is unusual in that it shares its name with a contiguous locality in Victoria; the post office having been based in Victoria from 1924 until 1964, before moving to New South Wales until it closed in 1973.

Speewa Ferry
The Speewa Ferry is a cable ferry across the Murray River on the border between the Australian states of New South Wales and Victoria. The ferry is located in the community of Speewa, Victoria, approximately 20 kilometres (12 mi) north of Swan Hill, off the road between Swan Hill and Nyah.

The ferry is controlled by Transport for NSW, but is jointly funded by both states. It operates seven days a week, carries a maximum of three cars at a time, and is free of tolls. The times of operation vary on different days of the week, but the ferry operates from 0800 to 2100 on all days, and longer on some. On each day there are two one-hour breaks in service.

The Speewa Ferry is one of only two cable ferries to cross the section of the Murray River between New South Wales and Victoria, the other being the Wymah Ferry nearly 500 kilometres (310 mi) upstream. However, there are another 11 such ferries further downstream, on the South Australia section of the river.
16th Army (RSFSR)
The 16th Army (Russian: 16-я армия, romanized: 16-ya armiya) was a field army of the Red Army during the Russian Civil War era. It was originally formed as the Western Army (Russian: Западная Армия, romanized: Zapadnaya Armiya) on November 15, 1918, by the Russian SFSR for the purpose of recovering territories lost by the Russian Empire during the First World War and establishing Soviet republics in those territories. The Western Army engaged various local forces from the Baltic States, Belarus, Poland and Ukraine, and its actions contributed to starting the Polish–Soviet War of 1919–1920. The army fought in the Polish–Soviet War under the command of Nikolai Sollogub and advanced westwards into Poland in July 1920 before being thrown back during the Battle of Warsaw in August. The army retreated east into Belarus and was disbanded in May 1921.

Slonim
Slonim is a town in Grodno Region, in western Belarus. It serves as the administrative center of Slonim District. It is located at the junction of the Shchara and Isa rivers, 143 km (89 mi) southeast of Grodno. As of 2025, it has a population of 48,402.
Logie Awards of 2007
The 49th Annual TV Week Logie Awards was held on Sunday 6 May 2007 at the Crown Palladium in Melbourne, and broadcast on the Nine Network. The ceremony was hosted by Adam Hills, Dave Hughes and Fifi Box, while Hamish Blake and Andy Lee were the backstage hosts. Jules Lund, Livinia Nixon and Jackie O hosted the Red Carpet Arrivals. Special guests included Michael Weatherly, Rachel Griffiths, Jessica Alba, Michael Chiklis and Ioan Gruffud.

TV Week
TV Week is a weekly Australian magazine that provides television program listings information and highlights, as well as television-related news.

Content ranges from previews for upcoming storylines of popular television programs, particularly dramas, comedies, soap operas and reality shows airing in Australia, celebrity interviews, gossip and news reports about television, movies and music. A full weekly program guide with highlights is featured, as well listings for streaming services and crossword puzzles.

It was first published as a Melbourne-only publication in December 1957 (as TV-Radio Week), bearing a strong affiliation to television station Channel Nine, GTV9. The publication is also well known for its association with the annual TV Week Logie Awards.
Necessary Roughness (album)
Necessary Roughness is the only studio album by American hip-hop artist the Lady of Rage. The album was released on June 24, 1997. Necessary Roughness was largely produced by Daz Dillinger, with contributions from Easy Mo Bee and DJ Premier. The album peaked at No. 32 on the Billboard 200 on July 12, 1997. Necessary Roughness was the last Death Row album to be distributed by Interscope Records.

Easy Mo Bee
Osten S. Harvey Jr. (born December 8, 1965), better known by his stage name Easy Mo Bee, is an American hip hop and R&B record producer and DJ, known for his production work for artists such as Big Daddy Kane and Miles Davis, as well as his affiliation with Bad Boy Records in its early years, and his production involvement in The Notorious B.I.G.'s debut album, Ready to Die.  He also produced two songs on 2Pac's album, Me Against the World.
Capture of USS Retaliation
On November 20, 1798, a pair of French Navy frigates, the L'insurgente and Volontaire, with some 80 guns in combined strength, captured an American 14-gun schooner, USS Retaliation. The ship was later recaptured on June 28, 1799, and the L'insurgente was captured the following month as well. The Retaliation was the only American warship captured during the war.

USS Retaliation (1798)
USS Retaliation was the French privateer Croyable, built in Maryland, that then operated out of Santo Domingo. Delaware captured her on 7 July 1798 off New Jersey. She then served in the United States Navy during Quasi-War with France. Two French frigates recaptured her on 20 November 1798. The French Navy took her into service as Magicienne. However, Merrimack captured her on 28 June 1799. She served in the US Navy in the Caribbean briefly, before arriving in Philadelphia in August. She was paid off (decommissioned) there and sold on 29 November.
Drunk History (British TV series)
Drunk History is a British comedy television series that premiered on Comedy Central on 12 January 2015. It is based on the American television series of the same name. In each episode, a celebrity (usually a comedian) struggles to recount a historical event while intoxicated. Their account is then reconstructed by actors. The show is narrated by Jimmy Carr.

The second series began broadcasting in February 2016. A special edition featuring Holly Hagan and Gaz Beadle from the MTV show Geordie Shore was broadcast on MTV on 23 February 2016.

The third series began airing on 8 March 2017 at 10pm on Comedy Central UK.

MTV (UK & Ireland)
MTV is a British and Irish pay television channel focusing on reality TV and music programming operated by Paramount Networks UK & Australia.

The channel launched as part of MTV Networks Europe localisation strategy in 1997. MTV UK (previously MTV UK & Ireland; MTV One) was launched on 1 July 1997. The channel was set up to provide audiences with local artists and more relevant music content. Prior to the localisation of MTV in Europe, the region was served by MTV Europe which was launched on 1 August 1987. Since February 2011 MTV has been solely an entertainment channel.

The channel is currently available in over 10 million homes in the UK and Ireland.