hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ulverscroft Valley
Ulverscroft Valley is a 110.8-hectare (274-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest north-west of Markfield in Leicestershire. The site is in five separate blocks, and two areas are nature reserves managed by the Leicestershire and Rutland Wildlife Trust (LRWT). Lea Meadows is owned by the LRWT and it is also a scheduled monument. Part of Ulverscroft Nature Reserve is owned by the LRWT and part is owned by the National Trust and leased to the LRWT.

Markfield
Markfield is a large village in both the National Forest and Charnwood Forest and in the Hinckley and Bosworth district of Leicestershire, England. The settlement dates back to at least the time of the Norman conquest and is mentioned in the Domesday Book under the name Merchenefeld. A variant of this is still used as the name for the village primary school, Mercenfeld. It is to the south-east of Junction 22 of the M1, and to the south of the A50. The highest point in Markfield is shown on OS sheet 129 as 222 metres above sea level, making it one of the highest villages in Leicestershire. Nearby places are Newtown Linford, Groby, Field Head, and Stanton under Bardon. In the 1841 census its population was recorded at 1,203. In the 2011 census the parish had a population of 5,681. In 2012 Hinckley & Bosworth Borough Council published an overview of the Markfield conservation area.
Phillip D. Frye
Phillip Dean Frye was a  Republican member of the North Carolina General Assembly representing the state's eighty-fourth House district, including constituents in Avery, Caldwell, Mitchell, and Yancey counties. A business owner from Spruce Pine, North Carolina, Frye served in his first state House term during the 2003–2004 session and his fifth and final term in the 2011–2012 session. He announced in 2011 that he would not run again in 2012 after the legislature passed a redistricting bill that put him in the same district with Rep. Mitch Gillespie.

In December 2007, Frye pleaded guilty to driving while impaired after being arrested on Christmas Eve.

North Carolina House of Representatives
The North Carolina House of Representatives is one of the two houses of the North Carolina General Assembly. The House is a 120-member body led by a Speaker of the House, who holds powers similar to those of the President pro-tem in the North Carolina Senate. Representatives serve two-year terms.

The qualifications to be a member of the House are found in the state Constitution: "Each Representative, at the time of his election, shall be a qualified voter of the State, and shall have resided in the district for which he is chosen for one year immediately preceding his election." Elsewhere, the constitution specifies that qualified voters that are 21 are eligible for candidacy except if otherwise disqualified by the constitution, and that no elected officials may deny the existence of God, although the latter provision is no longer enforced.

Prior to the Constitution of 1868, the lower house of the North Carolina Legislature was known as the North Carolina House of Commons.
IPA vowel chart with audio
This chart provides audio examples for phonetic vowel symbols. The symbols shown include those in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) and added material. The chart is based on the official IPA vowel chart.

The International Phonetic Alphabet is an alphabetic system of phonetic notation based primarily on the Latin alphabet. It was devised by the International Phonetic Association as a standardized representation of the sounds of spoken language.

Within the chart, the words close, open, mid, front, central, and back refer to the placement of the sound within the mouth.

At points where two sounds share an intersection, the left is unrounded, and the right is rounded which refers to the shape of the lips while making the sound. For example, [i] and [y] at the top left corner are such a pair.

Phonetic transcription
Phonetic transcription (also known as phonetic alphabet, phonetic script or phonetic notation) is the visual representation of speech sounds (or phonetics) by means of symbols. The most common type of phonetic transcription uses a phonetic alphabet, such as the International Phonetic Alphabet.
HMS Hyacinth (1898)
HMS Hyacinth was one of three Highflyer-class protected cruisers built for the Royal Navy in the 1890s. Initially assigned to the Channel Fleet, she spent much of her early career as flagship for the East Indies Station. She was reduced to reserve in 1912 after a lengthy refit before becoming the flagship of the Cape of Good Hope Station in 1913. After the beginning of World War I in August 1914, she spent the first few months of the war escorting convoys around South Africa. In early 1915, she was deployed to German East Africa to blockade the German light cruiser SMS Königsberg. She destroyed a German blockade runner attempting to bring supplies through the blockade in April and sank a German merchant vessel in early 1916. Hyacinth remained on the Cape Station for the rest of the war and was paid off in 1919, although she was not sold for scrap until 1923.

Julian Corbett
Sir Julian Stafford Corbett (12 November 1854 at Walcot House, Kennington Road, Lambeth – 21 September 1922 at Manor Farm, Stopham, Pulborough, Sussex) was a prominent British naval historian and geostrategist of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, whose works helped shape the Royal Navy's reforms of that era. One of his most famous works is Some Principles of Maritime Strategy, which remains a classic among students of naval warfare. Corbett was a good friend and ally of naval reformer Admiral John "Jacky" Fisher, the First Sea Lord. He was chosen to write the official history of British naval operations during World War I.
Shooting of Erik Cantu
On October 2, 2022, Officer James Brennand of the San Antonio Police Department (SAPD) shot 17-year-old Erik Cantu in the parking lot of a McDonald's restaurant in San Antonio, Texas.

After responding to an unrelated disturbance, Brennand saw Cantu eating a hamburger in his vehicle, and recognized the vehicle as a similar one which had evaded him at a traffic stop the day prior. After opening Cantu's driver-side door, Brennand opened fire when Cantu reversed the vehicle. Brennand was fired less than a week later and was later charged with two counts of aggravated assault by a peace officer. He was later indicted for aggravated assault and attempted murder. Following the incident, Cantu was immediately placed on life support and remained hospitalized for a number of weeks.

San Antonio Police Department
The San Antonio Police Department (SAPD) is the primary law enforcement agency serving the City of San Antonio, Texas, United States and some surrounding areas. Its headquarters are at South Santa Rosa district. SAPD is one of the largest municipal police departments in Texas.

The current chief of police is William McManus, who was appointed in April of 2006.
Violin Concerto (Adams)
The Violin Concerto by the American composer John Adams was written in 1993. Its premiere was on January 19, 1994, by Jorja Fleezanis with the Minnesota Orchestra, conducted by Edo de Waart, at the Ordway Music Theater, Saint Paul, Minnesota.

The piece was co-commissioned by the New York City Ballet, leading to a strong sense of rhythm throughout the entire work. For it, Adams received the University of Louisville Grawemeyer Award for Music Composition.

A typical performance lasts around 35 minutes.

The Violin Concerto has been described as "the most original approach to the genre since the Alban Berg Concerto".

New York City Ballet
New York City Ballet (NYCB) is a ballet company founded in 1948 by choreographer George Balanchine and Lincoln Kirstein.  Balanchine and Jerome Robbins are considered the founding choreographers of the company. Léon Barzin was the company's first music director.  City Ballet grew out of earlier troupes: the Producing Company of the School of American Ballet, 1934; the American Ballet, 1935, and Ballet Caravan, 1936, which merged into American Ballet Caravan, 1941; and directly from the Ballet Society, 1946.
South Link line
The South Link line (Chinese: 南迴線; pinyin: Nánhuí Xiàn) is a line of the Taiwan Railway running across the southern tip of the island of Taiwan, connecting the eastern and western coasts. It is 98.2 km long, of which 81.4 km is single-track.

The section between Nanzhou and Linbian railway stations was upgraded from a single-track railway to a dual-track railway while the other sections remains in single-track. In conjunction with electrification works on the line, train platforms are being lengthened and upgraded with better facilities.

Single-track railway
A single-track railway is a railway where trains traveling in both directions share the same track. Single track is usually found on lesser-used rail lines, often branch lines, where the level of traffic is not high enough to justify the cost of constructing and maintaining a second track.
Bob Mockler
Robert Mockler (18 April 1886 – 9 May 1966) was an Irish hurler who played as a midfielder for the Tipperary and Dublin senior teams from 1909 until 1924.

Mockler made his first appearance for the Tipperary team during the 1908 championship and was a regular member of the starting seventeen for the next few seasons. He subsequently enjoyed a decade long career with Dublin before retiring from the game after the 1924 championship. During that time he won three All-Ireland medals, five Leinster medals and one Munster medal. Mockler captained Dublin to the All-Ireland title in 1920.

Mockler began his club career with Horse and Jockey before later winning six county championship medals with Faughs in Dublin.

1908 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship
The All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship 1908 was the 22nd series of the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Ireland's premier hurling knock-out competition.  Tipperary won the championship, beating Dublin 3–15 to 1–5 in a replay of  the final.
La Unión Tepito
La Unión Tepito is a Mexican criminal organization. It was created in 2009 under the tutelage of Édgar Valdez Villarreal. Its first leader was Francisco Javier Hernández Gómez (Pancho Cayagua), who was murdered in October 2017 in the parking lot of a shopping center in the Indios Verdes area, in the borough of Gustavo A. Madero of Mexico City. La Unión Tepito is dedicated to the sale of narcotics, kidnapping, extortion, and homicide.

In January 2025, the organization was officially declared a terrorist organization by the United States government.

Edgar Valdez Villarreal
Edgar Valdez Villarreal (born August 11, 1973), also known as La Barbie ("The Barbie"), is a Mexican-American former drug lord and high-ranking lieutenant of the Beltrán Leyva Cartel. Valdez is serving a 49-year prison sentence at USP Coleman II in Florida.

Valdez worked for several years as a Mexican cartel lieutenant alongside nephew Fernando Valdez, before rising to a leadership position in an enforcement squad called Los Negros. Following the death of cartel boss Arturo Beltrán Leyva in late 2009, Valdez fought a protracted gang war for control of the cartel resulting in over 150 deaths. He employed techniques such as videotaped torture and decapitation.

On August 30, 2010, he was arrested by Mexican Federal Police at a rural house near Mexico City.  His gang, known as Los Negros, collapsed by 2011. He is intended to serve a 49-year sentence as inmate 05658-748 at USP Coleman II, a high-security US federal prison in Florida.
Letter beacon
Letter beacons are radio transmissions of uncertain origin and unknown purpose, consisting of only a single repeating Morse code letter. They have been classified into a number of groups according to transmission code and frequency, and it is supposed that the source for most of them is Russia and began during the Soviet Union.

(Some beacons sending Morse code letters are well known directional or non-directional beacons for radio navigation. These are not discussed in this article.)

Letter beacons have been referred to as:

SLB, or "Single Letter Beacons"

SLHFB, or "Single Letter High Frequency Beacons"

SLHFM, or "Single Letter High Frequency Markers"

Cluster beacons

MX — an ENIGMA and ENIGMA-2000 designation.

Radio navigation
Radio navigation or radionavigation is the application of radio waves to determine a position of an object on the Earth, either the vessel or an obstruction.  Like radiolocation, it is a type of radiodetermination.

The basic principles are measurements from/to electric beacons, especially

Angular directions, e.g. by bearing, radio phases or interferometry,

Distances, e.g. ranging by measurement of time of flight between one transmitter and multiple receivers or vice versa,

Distance differences by measurement of times of arrival of signals from one transmitter to multiple receivers or vice versa

Partly also velocity, e.g. by means of radio Doppler shift.

Combinations of these measurement principles also are important—e.g., many radars measure range and azimuth of a target.
Big Bear (American football)
Samuel Big Bear (December 25, 1889 - December 21, 1959), mainly referred to as simply Big Bear in the record books, was a Native American professional football player during the early years of the National Football League. During his two-year career, Big Bear played in 6 games with the Oorang Indians. He played in 1 game for the 1922 season and in 5 games for the 1923 season. He ended his professional career after the Indians disbanded in 1923. According to NFL records, Big Bear did not attend college or play college football. However, the Pro Football Researchers Association states that he attended the Carlisle Indian School located in Carlisle, Pennsylvania.

Professional Football Researchers Association
The Professional Football Researchers Association (PFRA) is an organization of researchers whose mission is to preserve and, in some cases, reconstruct professional American football history. It was founded on June 22, 1979 in Canton, Ohio by writer/historian Bob Carroll and six other football researchers and is currently headed by an executive committee led by its president, George Bozeka, and executive director Leon Elder. Membership in the organization includes some of professional football's foremost historians and authors. The organization is based in Guilford, New York.

The PFRA publishes books and a bimonthly magazine, The Coffin Corner, devoted to topics in professional football history. The organization also gives out awards each year for outstanding achievement in the field of football research.
Li Bihu
Li Bihu (Chinese: 李必湖; pinyin: Lǐ Bìhú; born February 1946) is a Chinese agronomist best known for developing the hybrid rice. He was a student and assistant of Yuan Longping. He is a member of the Chinese Communist Party. He was a delegate to the 11th and 12th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party. He was a delegate to the 9th and 10th National People's Congress.

9th National People's Congress
The 9th National People's Congress (NPC) was in session from 1998 to 2003 across five plenary sessions. It followed the final session of the 8th National People's Congress. There were 2,979 deputies to this Congress.
Martina Noseková
Martina Noseková (born 1 April 1985) is a Slovak female volleyball player, playing as an opposite. She was part of the Slovakia women's national volleyball team. She competed at the 2009 Women's European Volleyball Championship.

2009 Women's European Volleyball Championship
The 2009 Women's European Volleyball Championship was the 26th edition of the European Volleyball Championship, organised by Europe's governing volleyball body, the Confédération Européenne de Volleyball. The cities that hosted matches were Bydgoszcz, Łódź, Katowice and Wrocław in Poland, from 25 September to 4 October 2009.
Nihar Ranjan Jana
Nihar Ranjan Jana (born 1965) is an Indian neuroscientist and  professor at the IIT Kharagpur, known for his studies on E3 ubiquitin ligases, protein homeostasis and neurodegenerative disorders. Jana is an elected fellow of the National Academy of Sciences, India. The Department of Biotechnology of the Government of India awarded him the National Bioscience Award for Career Development, in 2008 and TATA Innovation Fellowship in 2014  for his contributions to Neurodegenerative diseases.

Azadirachta indica
Azadirachta indica, commonly known as neem, margosa, nimtree or Indian lilac, is a tree in the mahogany family Meliaceae. It is one of the two species in the genus Azadirachta. It is native to the Indian subcontinent and to parts of Southeast Asia, but is naturalized and grown around the world in tropical and subtropical areas. Its fruits and seeds are the source of neem oil. Nim is a Hindustani noun derived from Sanskrit nimba (निंब).
Chepzi
Chepzi, also spelt Chabji and Dripuche, (Tibetan: གྲི་ཕུ་ཆེ, Wylie: gri phu che, THL: dri pu ché)
is a village and military post in  Tsamda County (Zanda County) of Tibet in China, close to the border with India's Ladakh. Chepzi is close to Chumar in Ladakh's Rupshu region. There is evidence that the people of Chumar have traditionally used the farmlands in Chepzi, and the village was included in Ladakh during the  British Raj. However, independent India excluded it from its border definition. The border has been witness to a large number of incursions by the Chinese People's Liberation Army since 2011.

THL Simplified Phonetic Transcription
The THL Simplified Phonetic Transcription of Standard Tibetan (or THL Phonetic Transcription for short) is a system for the phonetic rendering of the Tibetan language.

It was created by David Germano and Nicolas Tournadre and was published on 12 December 2003. It is essentially a simplified form of the Tournadre Phonetic System, which is used by Tournadre in his Tibetan-language textbooks.

THL (formerly THDL) stands for the "Tibetan and Himalayan Library" project, which is hosted at the University of Virginia.
Energy in Tasmania
Tasmania, as an advanced economy with a globally high standard of living, uses a great deal of energy. Distinctive features of energy use in Tasmania include the high fraction of hydroelectricity usage, the absence of coal-fired electrical generation, relatively light usage of natural gas, particularly for domestic use, and a wide use of domestic wood-burning stoves. Energy production through hydroelectricity has been politically contentious, and conflicts over Tasmanian hydroelectric projects were integral to the formation of Green parties in Australia and across the world.

Hydro Tasmania
Hydro Tasmania, formerly the Hydro-Electric Commission (HEC), is a Tasmanian Government business enterprise which is the main electricity generator in Tasmania, Australia. Originally oriented towards hydro-electricity, owing to Tasmania's dramatic topography and relatively high rainfall in the central and western parts of the state, today Hydro Tasmania operates 30 hydro-electric and one gas power station, and is a joint owner in three wind farms.
Ivan Bokhenskyi
Ivan Bokhenskyi (Ukrainian: Іван Бохенський, Polish: Jan Bocheński; 1783 – 25 January 1857) was a Ukrainian Greek Catholic hierarch. He was the Titular bishop of Rhosus and auxiliary bishop of Ukrainian Catholic Archeparchy of Lviv from 1850 to 1857.

Arsuz
Arsuz (Arabic: أرسوز; Greek: Αρσούς) is a municipality and district of Hatay Province, Turkey. Its area is 462 km2, and its population is 101,233 (2022). It covers the southwestern part of the agglomeration of İskenderun and the adjacent countryside and coast. In ancient times, it was known as Rhosus (Ancient Greek: Ῥῶσός and Ῥωσός) and was a former bishopric and titular see.
Beacon Hill Tunnel (Hong Kong)
Beacon Hill Tunnel is a railway tunnel in Hong Kong on the original Kowloon–Canton Railway, linking Kowloon Tong to its immediate south and Sha Tin to its north. The nearest stations to the south and north of the tunnel are Kowloon Tong and Tai Wai respectively. Today, the tunnel carries the MTR East Rail line metro service and through trains to mainland China. However, Guangzhou-Kowloon through trains were disused in 2024 and only carries MTR passenger trains towards Sheung Shui or Admiralty.

There are actually two tunnels of this name. The first (Chinese: 煙墩山隧道) opened in 1910 and operated until its replacement (Chinese: 筆架山隧道) came into operation following its 1981 completion. In 2020, After Tuen Ma Line's first phase, The Lion Rock Tunnel was constructed and is nearby the north portal of Beacon Hill Tunnel.

Admiralty, Hong Kong
Admiralty (金鐘; Gāmjūng) is the eastern extension of the central business district (adjacent to, but separate from, Central) on the Hong Kong Island of Hong Kong. It is located on the eastern end of the Central and Western District, bordered by Wan Chai to the east and Victoria Harbour to the north.

The name of Admiralty refers to the former Admiralty Dock in the area which housed a naval dockyard. The dock was later demolished when land was reclaimed and developed northward as the naval base HMS Tamar. The Cantonese name, Kam Chung (金鐘), lit. "Golden Bell", refers to a gold-coloured bell that was used for timekeeping at Wellington Barracks.
Landore High Level railway station
Landore High Level railway station  was opened on 19 June 1850 by the South Wales Railway, which later became part of the Great Western Railway. The station was located on the north side of Swansea in the residential area of Landore. The engineer of this broad gauge line was Brunel. The line was later extended westwards to Carmarthen. After closure of Landore Low Level in 1954 the station became known as Landore.

To the west of the station site is Landore Junction (Swansea Loop East Junction), which allows trains to run south into the main Swansea terminus. The line remains in use as the West Wales Line, between Neath and Swansea.

West Wales lines
The West Wales lines (Welsh: Llinellau Gorllewin Cymru) are a group of railway lines from Swansea through Carmarthenshire to Pembrokeshire, West Wales. The main part runs from Swansea to Carmarthen and Whitland, where it becomes three branches to Fishguard, Milford Haven and Pembroke Dock.

Before the rail cuts of the 1960s, there were routes to Cardigan, Newcastle Emlyn, Llandysul, and via Lampeter, cross-country from Carmarthen to Aberystwyth.
Hartinkov
Hartinkov is a municipality and village in Svitavy District in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 50 inhabitants.

Hartinkov lies approximately 27 kilometres (17 mi) east of Svitavy, 85 km (53 mi) south-east of Pardubice, and 178 km (111 mi) east of Prague.

Svitavy
Svitavy (Czech pronunciation: [ˈsvɪtavɪ]; German: Zwittau) is a town in Svitavy District in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 16,000 inhabitants. It is the birthplace of Oskar Schindler and the centre of the Czech Esperanto movement. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone.
Global Co-opetition
Co-opetition or coopetition – simultaneous competition and cooperation – is an important philosophy or strategy that goes beyond the conventional rules of competition and cooperation to achieve advantages of both. Global co-opetition, an application of co-opetition in a global context, is first systematically addressed in Luo’s (2004) book “Coopetition in international business”. According to this book, global co-opetition refers to the simultaneous competition and cooperation between multinational enterprises (MNEs) and their geographically dispersed business stakeholders such as global rivals, global suppliers, global distributors, global alliance partners, and foreign governments as well as among foreign subsidiaries within an MNE.

Alliance
An alliance is a relationship among people, groups, or states that have joined together for mutual benefit or to achieve some common purpose, whether an explicit agreement has been worked out among them. Members of an alliance are called allies. Alliances form in many settings, including political alliances, military alliances, and business alliances.