hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ihram
Ihram (Arabic: إِحْرَام, romanized: iḥrām, from the Semitic root Ḥ-R-M) is a sacred state which a Muslim must enter to perform the Ḥajj (major pilgrimage) or ʿUmrah (minor pilgrimage) in Islam. A pilgrim must enter into this state before crossing the pilgrimage boundary known as the Miqat by performing the cleansing rituals and wearing the prescribed Ihram clothing.

Semitic root
The roots of verbs and most nouns in the Semitic languages are characterized as a sequence of consonants or "radicals" (hence the term consonantal root). Such abstract consonantal roots are used in the formation of actual words by adding the vowels and non-root consonants (or "transfixes"), which go with a particular morphological category around the root consonants, in an appropriate way, generally following specific patterns.

It is a peculiarity of Semitic linguistics that many of these consonantal roots are triliterals, meaning that they consist of three letters (although there are a number of quadriliterals, and in some languages also biliterals). Such roots are also common in other Afroasiatic languages. While Berber mostly has triconsonantal roots, Chadic, Omotic, and Cushitic have mostly biconsonantal roots; and Egyptian shows a mix of biconsonantal and triconsonantal roots.
Kelkit
Kelkit (Turkish: Kelkit is a town in Gümüşhane Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. It is the seat of Kelkit District. Its population is 21,316 (2022). The town lies at an elevation of 1,375 m (4,511 ft).

The name "Kelkit" comes from the Kelkit River, a major tributary of the Yeşil River, which flows into the Black Sea. The residents of the town are predominantly either farmers or small business owners.

Black Sea region
The Black Sea region (Turkish: Karadeniz Bölgesi) (sometimes referred to as Pontus or Pontos) is a geographical region of Turkey. The largest city in the region is Samsun. Other big cities are Zonguldak, Trabzon, Ordu, Tokat, Giresun, Rize, Amasya and Sinop.

It is bordered by the Marmara Region to the west, the Central Anatolia Region to the south, the Eastern Anatolia Region to the southeast, the Republic of Georgia to the northeast, and the Black Sea to the north.
Argininosuccinate synthetase 1
Argininosuccinate synthetase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ASS1 gene.

The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the penultimate step of the arginine biosynthetic pathway. There are approximately 10 to 14 copies of this gene including the pseudogenes scattered across the human genome, among which the one located on chromosome 9 appears to be the only functional gene for argininosuccinate synthetase.  Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene.

Arginine
Arginine is the amino acid with the formula (H2N)(HN)CN(H)(CH2)3CH(NH2)CO2H.  The molecule features a guanidino group appended to a standard amino acid framework. At physiological pH, the carboxylic acid is deprotonated (−CO2−) and both the amino and guanidino groups are protonated, resulting in a cation. Only the l-arginine (symbol Arg or R) enantiomer is found naturally. Arg residues are common components of proteins. It is encoded by the codons CGU, CGC, CGA, CGG, AGA, and AGG. The guanidine group in arginine is the precursor for the biosynthesis of nitric oxide. Like all amino acids, it is a white, water-soluble solid.

The one-letter symbol R was assigned to arginine for its phonetic similarity in English.
2000 Michigan Democratic presidential caucuses
The 2000 Michigan Democratic presidential caucuses took place on March 11, 2000, as one of three states voting the weekend after Super Tuesday in the Democratic Party primaries for the 2000 presidential election. The Michigan primary was a modified open primary, with the state awarding 158 delegates towards the 2000 Democratic National Convention, of which 129 were pledged delegates allocated on the basis of the results of the caucus.

Vice president Al Gore decisively won the caucuses, getting almost 83% of the vote and 120 delegates. Senator Bill Bradley received around 16% of the vote and 9 delegates.

2000 Democratic Party presidential primaries
From January 24 to June 6, 2000, voters of the Democratic Party chose its nominee for president in the 2000 United States presidential election. Incumbent Vice President Al Gore was  selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections and caucuses culminating in the 2000 Democratic National Convention held from August 14 to 17, 2000, in Los Angeles, California, but he went on to lose the Electoral College in the general election against Governor George W. Bush held on November 7 of that year, despite winning the popular vote by 0.5%.
Glamour Boys (song)
"Glamour Boys" is the third single released by American rock band Living Colour from their 1988 debut album Vivid. It was nominated for a Grammy for Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal in 1990. The song reached #31 on the Billboard Hot 100.

Lyrically, "Glamour Boys" discusses young men obsessed with superficial aspects of high society such as clothing and parties. The chorus shouts "I ain't no glamour boy - I'm fierce!"

Vivid (Living Colour album)
Vivid is the debut studio album by American rock band Living Colour, released on May 2, 1988, by Epic Records. It was one of the most popular albums of 1988, peaking at number six on the US Billboard 200 chart and being certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).
Orrin T. Williams
Orrin Thomas Williams (October 19, 1845 – May 6, 1928) was an American judge, lawyer, and politician.

Williams was born in Homer, New York. He moved to Whitewater, Wisconsin in 1855. He went to Lawrence University and to the University of Wisconsin Law School. He practiced law in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. Williams then moved to Milwaukee, Wisconsin and continued to practice law in 1883. Williams served in the Wisconsin Assembly in 1891 and 1892 and was a Republican. He then served as a Wisconsin Circuit Court judge for Milwaukee until he retired in 1917. Williams died in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

Lawrence University
Lawrence University is a private liberal arts college and conservatory of music in Appleton, Wisconsin, United States. Founded in 1847, its first classes were held on November 12, 1849. Lawrence was the second college in the U.S. to be founded as a coeducational institution.
Bette Korber
Bette Korber is an American computational biologist focusing on the molecular biology and population genetics of the HIV virus that causes infection and eventually AIDS. She has contributed heavily to efforts to obtain an effective HIV vaccine.  She created a database at Los Alamos National Laboratory that has enabled her to design novel mosaic HIV vaccines, one of which is currently in human testing in Africa.  The database contains thousands of HIV genome sequences and related data.

Korber is a scientist in theoretical biology and biophysics at Los Alamos National Laboratory. She has received the Ernest Orlando Lawrence Award, the Department of Energy's highest award for scientific achievement. She has also received several other awards including the Elizabeth Glaser Award for pediatric AIDS research and the Richard Feynman Award for Innovation.

HIV vaccine development
An HIV vaccine is a potential vaccine that could be either a preventive vaccine or a therapeutic vaccine, which means it would either protect individuals from being infected with HIV or treat HIV-infected individuals. It is thought that an HIV vaccine could either induce an immune response against HIV (active vaccination approach) or consist of preformed antibodies against HIV (passive vaccination approach).

Two active vaccine regimens, studied in the RV 144 and Imbokodo trials, showed they can prevent HIV in some individuals; however, the protection was in relatively few individuals, and was not long lasting. For these reasons, no HIV vaccines have been licensed for the market yet. A challenge in developing a vaccine is that the HIV virus generates mutations faster than any other virus.
Ajez
Ajez (Arabic: آجز)  is a Syrian village located in Saraqib Nahiyah in Idlib District, Idlib.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Ajez had a population of 1108 in the 2004 census.

Idlib Governorate
Idlib Governorate (Arabic: مُحافظة ادلب, romanized: Muḥāfaẓat Idlib) is one of the fourteen governorates (provinces) of Syria. It is situated in northwestern Syria, bordering Turkey's Hatay province to the north, Aleppo Governorate to the east, Hama Governorate to the south, and Latakia Governorate to the west. Reports of its area vary, depending on the source, from 5,933 square kilometres (2,291 sq mi)2 to 6,097 square kilometres (2,354 sq mi)2. The provincial capital is Idlib.
Khanolkar
Khanolkar is an Indian name. Notable people with the surname include:

C. T. Khanolkar (1930–1976), Marathi playwright and poet

Savitri Khanolkar (1913–1990), professor of sociology at Geneva University

V. R. Khanolkar (1895–1978), Indian pathologist

Chintamani Tryambak Khanolkar
Chintamani Tryambak Khanolkar (C. T. Khanolkar) (8 March 1930 – 26 April 1976) was a Marathi writer from Maharashtra, India. He wrote poetry under the name "Arati Prabhu" and prose under his own name. He received a Sangeet Natak Akademi Award in 1976 for his playwriting and a Sahitya Akademi Award in 1978 for his collection of poems Nakshatranche Dene.
Rashid Minhas
Pilot Officer Rashid Minhas NH (Urdu: راشد منہاس) was a Pakistani fighter pilot and the fifth recipient of Pakistan's highest military award, the Nishan-e-Haider. Minhas was the first and only officer from the Pakistan Air Force to receive the Nishan-e-Haider, and was also the youngest person and the shortest-serving officer to have received the award. During a routine training mission in August 1971, Minhas attempted to gain control of his jet trainer when his superior officer Flight Lieutenant Matiur Rahman BS took control over the plane to join the Bangladesh War of Independence but Minhas resisted his efforts to control the aircraft and crashed it in Sujawal District in Pakistan.

Sujawal District
Sujawal District (Sindhi: سجاول ضلعو, Urdu: ضلع سجاول) is a district of the Sindh province of Pakistan. It is located at 24°36'23" North and 68°4'19" East and is bordered in the northwest by the Indus River, which separates it from Thatta District. The district has an area of 7,335 km2.
Gwillim
Gwillim is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

David Gwillim (born 1948), English actor

Elizabeth Gwillim (bird artist) (1763–1807), English artist and naturalist

Elizabeth Simcoe (1762–1850), née Elizabeth Posthuma Gwillim, English artist and diarist in colonial Canada

Gareth Gwillim (born 1983), English professional footballer

Henry Gwillim (c. 1760–1837), British judge

Jack Gwillim (1909–2001), English character actor

Moore Gwillim (died 1611), Welsh politician

Sarah-Jane Gwillim, British television and stage actress

Elizabeth Simcoe
Dame Elizabeth Posthuma Simcoe (22 September 1762 – 17 January 1850) was an English artist and diarist in colonial Canada. Her husband, John Graves Simcoe, was the first Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada. Her diary gives an account of Canadian life.
Mtaileb
Mtaileb or Mtayleb (Arabic: المطيلب)  is a suburb north of Beirut in the Matn District of Mount Lebanon Governorate in Lebanon. Its inhabitants are almost predominantly Maronite Catholic, with a significant minority of Greek Orthodox followers.

Matn District
Matn (Arabic: قضاء المتن, Qaḍāʾ al-Matn), sometimes spelled Metn (or preceded by the article El, as in El Matn), is a district (qadaa) in the Mount Lebanon Governorate of Lebanon, east of the Lebanon's capital Beirut. The district capital is Jdeideh (followed to Jdeideh, Bouchrieh, El Sedd Municipality).

Matn is one of the most popular areas in Lebanon, with its rich scenery and its splendid view of the Mediterranean. Matn's population is almost entirely Christian with some Druze in the region, mostly in Beit Mery, Broummana, Mtein and Zarooun.

The Matn district is also popularly known as Northern Matn District (قضاء المتن الشمالي Qaḍāʾ al-Matn aš-Šamāliyy) not to be confused with Southern Matn (المتن الجنوبي al-Matn al-Janūbī) which is part of Baabda District and with Uppermost Matn (المتن الأعلى al-Matn al-ʾAʿlā) which is part of Baabda District.
Michael Carrera
Michael Alberto Carrera Gamboa (born 7 January 1993) is a Venezuelan professional basketball player for the Diablos Rojos del México of the Liga Nacional de Baloncesto Profesional (LNBP) and the Venezuela national team.

Liga Nacional de Baloncesto Profesional
The National Professional Basketball League (Spanish: Liga Nacional de Baloncesto Profesional or LNBP), officially known as the Liga Caliente LNBP for sponsorship reasons, is the top professional basketball league in Mexico. The league was founded in 2000 with 10 teams.

Notable basketball players who have played in the league include Jamario Moon, Dennis Rodman and Sun Mingming, among many others.
Giuseppe Bertoloni
Giuseppe Bertoloni (16 September 1804, in Sarzana – 19 December 1874, in Bologna) was an Italian botanist and entomologist.

He was professor of botany in the University of Bologna which conserves his collections in the University Museum. Bertoloni worked especially on the flora and fauna of Mozambique. He was a member of La Società Entomologica Italiana.

His father Antonio (1775-1869) was a physician and botanist in Bologna.

Società Entomologica Italiana
La Società Entomologica Italiana, the Italian Entomological Society, is Italy's foremost society devoted to the study of insects. The society promotes applied entomology. Its past members have saved millions from deadly diseases such as malaria.

The society has two academic publications: Bollettino della Società Entomologica Italiana (1869-) and Memorie della Società Entomologica Italiana (1922-).
2023 Burnie International
The 2023 Burnie International was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 18th (men) and 12th (women) editions of the tournament which was part of the 2023 ATP Challenger Tour and the 2023 ITF Women's World Tennis Tour. It took place in Burnie, Australia between 30 January and 5 February 2023.

Eri Hozumi
Eri Hozumi (穂積 絵莉, Hozumi Eri; born 17 February 1994) is a Japanese tennis player.

On 10 November 2014, she reached a career-high singles ranking of world No. 144. On 27 May 2019, she peaked at No. 28 in the WTA doubles rankings. Partnering with Makoto Ninomiya, she reached the final of the 2018 French Open.
Movement for a Modern and Active Krajina
Movement for Modern and Active Krajina (Bosnian: Pokret za Modernu i Aktivnu Krajinu; abbreviated POMAK) is a political party in Bosnia and Herzegovina founded by Šuhret Fazlić, mayor of Bihać, in 2018. It aims to improve the economy, healthcare and education, and improve the political strength of the Bosanska Krajina and Una-Sana Canton as a whole, which it feels has been neglected by the government since Bosnia and Herzegovina's independence in the 1990s.

In the 2022 Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina general election, POMAK won 3 seats on the Assembly of Una-Sana Canton and one seat in the House of Representatives of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina: Maja Uremović in the 1st Electoral Unit.

1st electoral unit of the House of Representatives of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
The first electoral unit of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina is a parliamentary constituency used to elect members to the House of Representatives of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina since 2000.  It consists of Una-Sana Canton.
Agustín Parpetti
Agustín Parpetti (1887 – death date unknown) was a Cuban professional baseball first baseman, second baseman, shortstop and right fielder the Negro leagues and Cuban League between 1905 and 1923.

A native of Havana, Cuba, Parpetti made his Negro leagues debut in 1908 with the Cuban Stars (West), and played with the club for five seasons. He went on to play for the Kansas City Monarchs in 1921, and the Atlantic City Bacharach Giants in 1923. Parpetti also played for several teams in the Cuban League including Almendares, Club Fé and Habana.

He is laid to rest in Cementerio Cristóbal Cólon, La Habana.

Right fielder
A right fielder, abbreviated RF, is the outfielder in baseball or softball who plays defense in right field. Right field is the area of the outfield to the right of a person standing at home plate and facing towards the pitcher's mound. In the numbering system used to record defensive plays, the right fielder is assigned the number 9.
Bristol Racing Biplane
The Bristol Racing Biplane was a British single-seat biplane designed to combine the performance of a monoplane but using the strength of the biplane. It was designed by Robert Grandseigne and Léon Versepuy, who were supervised by George Challenger for the British & Colonial Aeroplane Company of Bristol, it crashed on its first flight.

George Henry Challenger
George Henry Challenger (1881–1947) was a British aviator and aero-engineer, originally with the Bristol Aeroplane Company and later with Vickers. He designed a number of aircraft and held a number of aviation-related patents.
Duffield Castle, North Yorkshire
Duffield Castle lay on the flood plain of the River Derwent in the parish of North Duffield in the English county of North Yorkshire. It was documented in 1320. Duffield Castle was owned by John Hussey, 1st Baron Hussey of Sleaford, who was executed in 1537. It is uncertain when the castle was demolished, but all that remains today are earthworks marking the position of the mound and ditches. A farmhouse was later built on the site.

Farmhouse
A farmhouse is a building that serves as the primary quarters in a rural or agricultural setting. Historically, farmhouses were often combined with space for animals called a housebarn. Other farmhouses may be connected to one or more barns, built to form a courtyard, or with each farm building separate from each other.
Vanilla slice
Vanilla slice is an Australian pastry comprising a thick layer of vanilla custard sandwiched between puff pastry and topped with icing sugar or a thin layer of icing. Similar varieties of the dessert exist in Europe and North America, and it is believed to have evolved from one of the similar European desserts.

Powdered sugar
Powdered sugar, also called confectioners' sugar and icing sugar, is a finely ground sugar produced by milling granulated sugar into a powdered state. It usually contains between 2% and 5% of an anti-caking agent—such as corn starch, potato starch or tricalcium phosphate—to  absorb moisture, prevent clumping, and improve flow. Although most often produced in a factory, a proxy for powdered sugar can be made by processing ordinary granulated sugar in a coffee grinder, or by crushing it by hand in a mortar and pestle.
Olga Asato
Olga Asato (born 31 March 1949) is a Peruvian former volleyball player. Asato competed with the Peruvian women's national volleyball team at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City. She won silver medals with the Peruvian team at the 1967 Pan American Games in Winnipeg and the 1971 Pan American Games in Cali.

1971 Pan American Games
The 1971 Pan American Games, officially known as the VI Pan American Games (Spanish: VI Juegos Panamericanos) and commonly known as Cali 1971, were held in Cali, Colombia, from 30 July to 13 August 1971. (One source dates the Games from July 25 to August 8.) A total of 2,935 athletes from 32 countries participated in 17 sports. (One source put the number of competing athletes at 4,000.)
2025 UK Athletics Championships
The 2025 UK Athletics Championships (formally known as the British Athletics Championships) is the 2025 edition of the annual national championships in outdoor track and field for athletes in the United Kingdom, and also serves as a qualifying event or trials for the 2025 World Athletics Championships. The event was sponsored by Novuna and were held from 2 to 3 August 2025. The championships returned to the Alexander Stadium in Birmingham for the first time since 2019.

The 10,000 metres, marathon and decathlon/heptathlon disciplines to determine the British champions in those events will be held separately, at different venues and dates - in all three cases, they were combined with other athletics events.

2025 London Marathon
The 2025 London Marathon was the 45th running of the London Marathon; it took place on 27 April 2025.

The Elite Men's winner was Sabastian Sawe getting to Buckingham Palace in 2:02:25 with the Elite Woman's winner being  Tigst Assefa in a time of 2:15:50 a new women-only marathon record.

The wheelchair races were both won by Swiss athletes with Marcel Hug winning his seventh title in a time of 1:25:25 and Catherine Debrunner winning for the third time in 1:34:15.

This 45th edition of London Marathon had 56,640 finishers crossing the finishing line at The Mall, breaking 55,646 finishers in TCS New York Marathon 2024 held at Nov 3 2024, being the newest Guinness World Record of largest number of finishers in a marathon.
Bay State Games
The Bay State Games are an Olympic-style athletic event for amateur athletes in the state of Massachusetts, which includes several divisions and allows athletes of all ages to compete. The Games are divided into Summer and Winter Games.  The Summer Games include 25 sports and are usually held in late July. The Winter Games include three different sports and are usually held in late January or early February. The Bay State Games is a member of the National Congress of State Games. Kevin Cummings currently serves as executive director.

Mike Burns (soccer)
Michael Thomas Burns (born September 14, 1970) is an American former soccer player. During his playing career, he played for Danish club Viborg FF, three MLS teams, as well as the United States national team.

Burns is currently the sporting director for Major League Soccer club Sporting Kansas City.
Greenyards
The Greenyards is a sports ground in Melrose, Scottish Borders. It has been the home of Melrose RFC for rugby union matches and the annual Melrose Sevens tournament. The first ever rugby 7s matches were played at the ground in 1883. The professional side Southern Knights use it for home matches in the Super 6 competition. In 2019 the grass pitches were replaced with an artificial surface, with floodlights around the ground. The ground has a capacity of 15,000.

Super Series (Scottish rugby union competition)
The SRU Super Series, known as the FOSROC Super Series for sponsorship reasons, and prior to 2023 known as Super 6, was a semi-professional league for Scottish rugby union clubs, which ran between 2019 and 2024.
The Old Queens Head
The Old Queen's Head is a pub on Essex Road in Islington, London N1. Its shopfront is scheduled as "to be retained" by Islington Council. Since 2006 The Old Queens Head has been a part of The Columbo Group, owned by Steve Ball and Riz Shaikh. It is a Grade II listed building.

Islington London Borough Council
Islington London Borough Council, also known as Islington Council, is the local authority for the London Borough of Islington in Greater London, England. The council has been under Labour majority control since 2010. The council meets at Islington Town Hall.