hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hubert Wilkinson
Hubert Seed Wilkinson (7 June 1897 – 5 May 1984) was an Anglican priest in the 20th Century.

He served in the Royal Artillery from 1916 to 1919 when he entered Durham University. After a curacy in Colne he held incumbencies in Harpurhey, Chester-le-Street, Allerton, Winster, Ambleside and Grassendale. He was Archdeacon of Westmorland from 1947 to 1951; and Archdeacon of Liverpool from 1951 to 1970.

Colne
Colne (/kɒln/) is a market town and civil parish in the Borough of Pendle in Lancashire, England. The town is 3 miles (5 km) northeast of Nelson, 6 miles (10 km) northeast of Burnley and 25 mi (40 km) east of Preston.

The town should not be confused with the unrelated Colne Valley around the River Colne near Huddersfield in West Yorkshire.

Colne is close to the southern entrance to the Aire Gap, the lowest crossing of the Pennine watershed. The M65 terminates west of the town and from here two main roads take traffic onwards towards the Yorkshire towns of Skipton (A56) and Keighley (A6068). Colne railway station is the terminus of the East Lancashire railway line.

Colne adjoins the Pendle parishes of Foulridge, Laneshaw Bridge, Trawden Forest, Nelson, Barrowford and Blacko.
War tax due stamp
War tax due stamp is a kind of war tax and postage due stamps that was used for mail when the war tax has not been paid by the sender. They were issued in Romania between 1915 and 1921.

During war the sender of a letter paid a war tax. Then they placed a war tax stamp on the letter showing the tax was paid. If the sender did not do that, a war tax due stamp was applied by the postal service. When the letter was delivered the person receiving the letter paid double the normal rate.

Letter (message)
A letter is a written message conveyed from one person (or group of people) to another through a medium. Something epistolary means that it is a form of letter writing. The term usually excludes written material intended to be read in its original form by large numbers of people, such as newspapers and placards, although even these may include material in the form of an "open letter". The typical form of a letter for many centuries, and the archetypal concept even today, is a sheet (or several sheets) of paper that is sent to a correspondent through a postal system. A letter can be formal or informal, depending on its audience and purpose. Besides being a means of communication and a store of information, letter writing has played a role in the reproduction of writing as an art throughout history. Letters have been sent since antiquity and are mentioned in the Iliad. Historians Herodotus and Thucydides mention and use letters in their writings.
Adjutant General of Kentucky
The Adjutant General of Kentucky is the senior-most officer and head of the Kentucky National Guard, second only to the governor acting as commander-in-chief as leader of Kentucky's armed forces.

The current adjutant general is Major General Haldane B. Lamberton, who was appointed by Governor Andy Beshear on December 10, 2019.

Andy Beshear
Andrew Graham Beshear (/bəˈʃɪər/ bə-SHEER; born November 29, 1977) is an American politician and attorney serving since 2019 as the 63rd governor of Kentucky. A member of the Democratic Party, he served from 2016 to 2019 as the 50th attorney general of Kentucky. He is the son of former Kentucky governor Steve Beshear, who served from 2007 to 2015.

As attorney general, Beshear filed multiple lawsuits against Republican Governor Matt Bevin, including over issues such as pension reform. He ran in the 2019 gubernatorial election and defeated Bevin by approximately 0.4%. Beshear was reelected to a second term in 2023 by a wider margin of 5%, defeating Republican attorney general Daniel Cameron. As of 2025, Beshear and Lieutenant Governor Jacqueline Coleman are Kentucky's only Democratic officials elected statewide.

Beshear has expressed interest in running for president in the 2028 United States presidential election.
John Espinoza
John Espinoza (born in Texas in 1950) is a Hispanic politician, soldier, educator, city manager of Croswell, Michigan and former law enforcement officer from the State of Michigan.

He grew up in a family of migrant workers from Texas, volunteered for service in the United States Army as a young man, and in 2004 was elected as a Democrat to the Michigan House of Representatives. He served in his second term serving the 83rd House District of Michigan. This district comprises all Sanilac County and a portion of St. Clair County including the City of Port Huron, Michigan. Espinoza is one of only three Hispanics in the Michigan legislature at that time.

Port Huron, Michigan
Port Huron is a city in and the county seat of St. Clair County, Michigan, United States. The population was 28,983 at the 2020 census. The city is bordered on the west by Port Huron Township, but the two are administered autonomously. The city is the largest in The Thumb area of Michigan, and principal community in the Blue Water Area, more recently rebranded as Michigan's Thumb Coast, for tourism purposes..

Port Huron is located along the source of the St. Clair River at the southern end of Lake Huron. The city is along the Canada–United States border and directly across the river from Sarnia, Ontario. The two cities are connected by the Blue Water Bridge at the eastern terminus of Interstate 69/Interstate 94. Port Huron has the easternmost point of land in the state of Michigan and is also one of the northernmost areas included in the Detroit–Warren–Dearborn Metropolitan Statistical Area (Metro Detroit).
Lomena
The Lomena is a river in Lithuania, constituting a left tributary of the Neris.  It starts in Vladikiškės, Kaišiadorys District Municipality and ends in Tartokas, Jonava District Municipality, Lithuania.

The 32-km long Lomena passes through  Stasiūnai, Gudiena, Kaišiadorys, Palomenė, Bagdoniškės, Lomeniai, Tartokas settlements. The river's lower course is protected by the Lomena Landscape Sanctuary.

The hydronym Lomena derives from Lithuanian word loma ('trough, depression, valley') although its older attested form, written in Polish as Łowmiana could suggest that it may derive from the word laumė ('a mythical being').

Kaišiadorys
Kaišiadorys ([kɐɪɕɛˈdôːrʲiːs] ⓘ; Yiddish: קאָשעדאַר) is a city in central Lithuania. It is situated between Vilnius and Kaunas. Kaišiadorys is one of six Lithuanian diocese centres. It is home to the Cathedral of the Transfiguration of Christ built in 1932. The Lithuanian Veterinary Institute is located there.
Kassidy Sauvé
Kassidy Sauvé (born May 19, 1996) is a Canadian ice hockey goaltender. She is signed in the Swedish Women's Hockey League (SDHL) with SDE Hockey through the 2025–26 season, and is concurrently signed in the Professional Women's Hockey League (PWHL) with the Toronto Sceptres during the latter part of their 2025 season on an emergency basis due to a player injury.

She previously played in the Premier Hockey Federation (PHF) with the Buffalo Beauts, the Finnish Naisten Liiga (NSML) with HPK Hämeenlinna, and was affiliated with the Professional Women's Hockey Players Association (PWHPA), representing the organization in showcases with the Calgary chapter, as Team Scotiabank, and the Toronto chapter, as Team Sonnet.

Buffalo Beauts
The Buffalo Beauts were a professional ice hockey team in the Premier Hockey Federation (PHF). They played in Amherst, New York, a suburb of Buffalo, at the Northtown Center.

The Beauts were established in 2015 as one of the four founding franchises of the National Women's Hockey League (NWHL), rebranded as the PHF in 2021. The team played at Harborcenter in downtown Buffalo during their first four seasons. The team advanced to the Isobel Cup Finals in the PHF's first four seasons, winning the championship title in 2016–17. The team folded in 2023 after the PHF and its assets were purchased and dissolved as part of the process of creating a new, unified professional league, the Professional Women's Hockey League.
Olof (Swedish king 852)
Olof (Old Norse: Óláfr) was a Swedish monarch or local ruler who ruled over Birka, an important port town, and possibly Uppsala, an important early Swedish political center, in about 852, when the Catholic missionary Saint Ansgar made his second voyage from Germany to Birka in about the year 851 or 852 A.D. He had an ambivalent attitude to Christianity, and was known as a successful warrior king in the Baltic region.

Olof is not mentioned in the Icelandic sagas of the 12th and 13th century, which give a different line of succession of supposed Viking Age Swedish rulers, but the Vita Ansgari, the near-contemporary writings of Ansgar's companion Rimbert, and the 11th-century account of Adam of Bremen both mention him and are generally seen as more reliable than the sagas.

Adam of Bremen
Adam of Bremen (Latin: Adamus Bremensis; German: Adam von Bremen; before 1050 – 12 October 1081/1085) was a German medieval chronicler. He lived and worked in the second half of the eleventh century. Adam is most famous for his chronicle Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum (Deeds of Bishops of the Hamburg Church). He was "one of the foremost historians and early ethnographers of the medieval period".

In his chronicle, he included a chapter mentioning the Norse outpost of Vinland, and was thus the first European to write about the New World.
Yarlovtsi
42°48′N 22°33′E﻿ / ﻿42.800°N 22.550°E﻿ / 42.800; 22.550
Yarlovtsi or Jarlovci (Bulgarian: Ярловци) is a village in Southern Bulgaria. It is located in Tran municipality, Pernik Province. The village is located 63.75 kilometers away from Sofia. According to 2020 Bulgarian census reports, Yarlovtsi currently has a population of 50 people with a permanent address registration.

Pernik Province
42°35′N 23°0′E﻿ / ﻿42.583°N 23.000°E﻿ / 42.583; 23.000

Pernik Province is a province in western Bulgaria, neighbouring Serbia. Its main city is Pernik, and other municipalities are Breznik, Kovachevtsi, Radomir, Tran, and Zemen.
Finnie (surname)
Finnie is a surname of Scottish origin which means "sincere."

Notable people with the surname include:

Dave Finnie, Canadian ice hockey goaltender

Emmitt Finnie, Canadian ice hockey player

Ethel Finnie, American classic female blues singer

John Finnie, Scottish politician

Linda Finnie, a Scottish mezzo-soprano

Roger Finnie, an American football offensive tackle

Ross Finnie, Scottish politician

Stephen Finnie, Scottish football referee

Thomas Finnie, first Director of Management and Technology for the Defense Mapping Agency

William Finnie (mayor), 18th-century mayor of Williamsburg, Virginia

William Finnie (MP), Scottish liberal politician and member of parliament

Ross Finnie
James Ross Finnie (born 11 February 1947) is a Scottish Liberal Democrat politician and a former Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP). He is a former Minister for the Environment and Rural Development in the Scottish Executive, and Member of the Scottish Parliament for the West of Scotland region. He became an MSP in the first elections to the Scottish Parliament in 1999, and held the same ministerial portfolio until May 2007.
Jessica Moss
Jessica Moss is a Canadian musician best known for playing violin and singing backing vocals in the post-rock band Thee Silver Mt. Zion Memorial Orchestra & Tra-La-La Band since 2001. She is a founding member of Black Ox Orkestar.

In addition, Moss has also been a guest player on many albums produced in Montreal and Toronto, including albums by Frankie Sparo, Arcade Fire, and Broken Social Scene.

Sarah Davachi
Sarah Davachi (born 1987) is a Canadian composer and performer of electroacoustic and minimalist music. She is a pianist and an organist.

She is a graduate of the University of Calgary and holds a master's degree in electronic music and recording media from Mills College in Oakland, California. She has resided in Vancouver, British Columbia and Montreal, Quebec before relocating to Los Angeles, California in 2017 to pursue a PhD in Musicology at UCLA.

Davachi's music has been issued by numerous labels including Late Music, Superior Viaduct, Ba Da Bing, Recital, and Important Records.
Peter Carl Goldmark
Peter Carl Goldmark (born Péter Károly Goldmark; December 2, 1906 – December 7, 1977) was a Hungarian-American engineer who, during his time with Columbia Records, was instrumental in developing the long-playing microgroove 331⁄3 rpm phonograph disc, the standard for incorporating multiple or lengthy recorded works on a single disc for two generations. The LP was introduced by Columbia's Goddard Lieberson in 1948. Lieberson was later president of Columbia Records from 1956–1971 and 1973–1975. According to György Marx, Goldmark was one of The Martians.

György Marx
György Marx (25 May 1927 – 2 December 2002) was a Hungarian physicist, astrophysicist, science historian and professor. He discovered the lepton numbers and established the law of lepton flavor conservation.
Kryptonite lock
Kryptonite is an Allegion-owned brand of bicycle lock for securing a bicycle to a pole or other fixture, when the owner wants to leave the bicycle in a public place.  The basic design, made of hardened steel of circular cross section bent into a U-shape with a removable crossbar, has been emulated by numerous other manufacturers, and adapted with variations in size and shape for other applications, such as locking motorcycles.

The product was named after kryptonite, the fictitious substance that can thwart the powerful comic-book hero Superman.  The name is used under a limited trademark agreement with DC Comics dating back to 1983.

Kryptonite
Kryptonite is a fictional material that appears primarily in Superman stories published by DC Comics. In its best-known form, it is a green, crystalline material originating from Superman's home world of Krypton that emits a unique, poisonous radiation that can weaken and even kill Kryptonians. Kryptonite radiation can be transmitted through any element except lead. There are other varieties, such as red kryptonite and gold kryptonite, which have different but still generally negative effects.

Adversaries of Superman and other characters are frequently depicted using kryptonite against Superman, with Lex Luthor incorporating it into weapons, Metallo being powered by it, and Titano able to project its radiation from his eyes. Kryptonite has become a byword for an extraordinary exploitable weakness, synonymous with "Achilles' heel".
Pennterra (Creagerstown, Maryland)
Pennterra is a Georgian farmhouse near Thurmont, Maryland.  The house is notable for its locally quarried stonework and its unusually fine proportions. The house was built at about the same time as nearby Strawberry Hill, which was built in 1783.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.

Thurmont, Maryland
Thurmont is a town in Frederick County, Maryland, United States. The population was 6,935 at the 2020 census. The town is located in the northern part of Frederick County (north of Frederick, the county seat), approximately ten miles from the Pennsylvania border, along U.S. Highway 15. It is very close to Cunningham Falls State Park and Catoctin Mountain Park, the latter of which contains the presidential retreat of Camp David. Thurmont is also home to Catoctin Colorfest, an arts and crafts festival that draws in about 125,000 people each autumn.

In 2005, Thurmont was designated as a Maryland Main Street Community, and in that year was designated a National Main Street under the National Trust for Historic Preservation.
John Finnegan (actor)
John P. "J.P." Finnegan (August 18, 1926 – July 29, 2012) was an American film and television actor, mostly known for his recurring role on the American crime fiction series Columbo. He voiced the villainous character Warren T. Rat in the Don Bluth’s 1986 film An American Tail.

A friend of director/actor John Cassavetes, Finnegan appeared in five of his films, including A Woman Under the Influence (1974), Gloria (1980) and Big Trouble (1986), which also starred Columbo star Peter Falk. He also appeared in Heroes (1977), The Natural (1984), School Spirit (1985), Big Man on Campus (1989) and Come See the Paradise (1990), and portrayed Judge Edward A. Haggerty in Oliver Stone's JFK (1991).

Big Trouble (1986 film)
Big Trouble is a 1986 American comedy film and the last film directed by John Cassavetes. The cast reunites Peter Falk and Alan Arkin, co-stars of The In-Laws, and also features Beverly D'Angelo, Charles Durning and Valerie Curtin.

The film's plot was so similar to that of Double Indemnity that, prior to production, Columbia Pictures requested Universal Pictures (rightsholder for the Paramount film Double Indemnity) to grant permission to reuse the plot of the earlier film. Universal executive Frank Price, who had previously worked at Columbia, was aware that Columbia was holding on to a script called Back to the Future and made a deal which enabled Universal to take over the ownership of that script.
Cecil Salmon
Samuel Cecil Salmon (1885–1975) was an agronomist who was attached to the American occupying forces in Japan after World War II. He worked for the Agricultural Research Service and during his time in Japan, Salmon collected 16 varieties of wheat samples including a dwarf strain Norin 10 which later triggered the Green Revolution.

Agricultural Research Service
The Agricultural Research Service (ARS) is the principal in-house research agency of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). ARS is one of four agencies in USDA's Research, Education and Economics mission area. ARS is charged with extending the nation's scientific knowledge and solving agricultural problems through its four national program areas: nutrition, food safety and quality; animal production and protection; natural resources and sustainable agricultural systems; and crop production and protection. ARS research focuses on solving problems affecting Americans every day. The ARS Headquarters is located in the Jamie L. Whitten Building on Independence Avenue in Washington, D.C., and the headquarters staff is located at the George Washington Carver Center (GWCC) in Beltsville, Maryland. For 2018, its budget was $1.2 billion. For 2023, the budget grew to $1.9 billion.
Club Dead
Club Dead is the third book in American mystery writer Charlaine Harris's series The Southern Vampire Mysteries, released in 2003. In Club Dead, Sookie's boyfriend Bill disappears while working on a secret project, and Sookie heads out to Jackson, Mississippi in hopes of retrieving him alive. In this quest, she enlists the aid of a werewolf, Alcide Herveaux, and a vampire Eric.

The novel was adapted as the third season of True Blood, the HBO series based on the novels, however with a few notable differences. The season was broadcast from June 13 to September 12, 2010.

Charlaine Harris
Jean Charlaine Harris Schulz (born November 25, 1951) is an American author who specializes in mysteries. She is best known for her book series The Southern Vampire Mysteries, which was adapted as the TV series True Blood. The television show was a critical and financial success for HBO, running seven seasons, from 2008 through 2014.

Harris was born and raised in Tunica, Mississippi.  She lives in Texas with her husband; they have three children. She began writing from an early age, and changed from playwriting in college to writing and publishing mysteries, including several long series featuring recurring characters.
Jung Ho-keun
Jung Ho-keun (born September 28, 1964) is a South Korean actor and shaman, who mostly was a supporting actor in television dramas.

In 2008, Jung played the leading role in a stage musical production of Hi Franceska, adapted from Hello Franceska, the quirky TV sitcom about a hapless human in a family of vampires. It was held at the National Museum of Korea.
In 2015, Jung became a shaman.

Hello Franceska
Hello Franceska (Korean: 안녕, 프란체스카; RR: Annyeong, Peurancheseuka) is a South Korean sitcom that aired on MBC from 2005 to 2006 on Sundays at 23:00 for three seasons.

The first and second seasons aired from January 24 to August 1, 2005 for 29 episodes. The third season, with new cast members, aired from September 9, 2005 to February 27, 2006 for 23 episodes.

The Addams Family-inspired show became a cult hit. At the 41st Baeksang Arts Awards in 2005, Hello Franceska won Best Entertainment Program and Best Female Variety Performer for Park Hee-jin. It was later adapted into a 2006 animated film titled Ani Francesca (voiced by some of the original actors), and a 2008 stage musical titled Hi Franceska.
Idwal H. Edwards
Idwal Hubert Edwards CBE (5 April 1895 – 25 November 1981), born in Freedom, New York, was a distinguished United States Army and later United States Air Force officer who reached the rank of lieutenant general. He was a distinguished commander, rated command pilot, combat observer and aircraft observer.

Randolph Air Force Base
Randolph Air Force Base (IATA: RND, ICAO: KRND, FAA LID: RND) is a United States Air Force base located in Bexar County, Texas, (14.8 miles (23.8 km) east-northeast of Downtown San Antonio).

Opened in 1931, Randolph has been a flying training facility for the United States Army Air Corps, the United States Army Air Forces, and the Air Force during its entire existence.

On 1 October 2010, Randolph AFB merged with Lackland Air Force Base and the US Army's Fort Sam Houston to form Joint Base San Antonio.
Evan Zhu
Evan Zhu (born August 15, 1998 in Ann Arbor, Michigan) is an American tennis player.

Zhu has a career high ATP singles ranking of No. 271, achieved on 6 March 2023. He also has a career high ATP doubles ranking of No. 371 achieved on 12 August 2019.

Zhu made his ATP main draw doubles debut at the 2018 Hall of Fame Tennis Championships doubles tournament, where he partnered Martin Redlicki having received a wildcard into the tournament. At UCLA, he and Redlicki were the 2018 NCAA doubles champions, defeating the team of Martin Joyce and Mikael Torpegaard of Ohio State, 6–7 (8), 7–6 (4), 1–0 (9), on May 28, 2018.

His older sister, Amy Zhu, is also a professional tennis player playing on the WTA Tour.

2018 Hall of Fame Tennis Championships – Doubles
Aisam-ul-Haq Qureshi and Rajeev Ram were the defending champions but Ram chose not to participate and Qureshi chose to compete in Båstad instead.

Jonathan Erlich and Artem Sitak won the title, defeating Marcelo Arévalo and Miguel Ángel Reyes-Varela in the final, 6–1, 6–2.
Caleb Q. Dyer
Caleb Q. Dyer (born May 5, 1996) is an American politician and a former member of the New Hampshire House of Representatives. He was first elected to the chamber in 2016 as a Republican. On February 9, 2017, Dyer switched his party affiliation to Libertarian. He served on the House Environment and Agriculture Committee, and as the House Libertarian Floor Leader.

New Hampshire Republican State Committee
The New Hampshire Republican Party is the affiliate of the United States Republican Party in New Hampshire. Its executive committee is headed by Chairman Scott Maltzie

Republicans hold the office of Governor, as well as a majority in the State House of Representatives, and a supermajority in the State Senate, while Democrats hold both U.S. Senate Seats and House of Representatives seats.
Debt intolerance
Debt intolerance is a term referring to the inability of emerging markets to manage levels of external debt that, under the same circumstances, would be manageable for developed countries, making a direct analogy to lactose-intolerant individuals. It was coined by Carmen Reinhart, Kenneth Rogoff and Miguel Savastano.

Debt restructuring
Debt restructuring is a process that allows a private or public company or a sovereign entity facing cash flow problems and financial distress to reduce and renegotiate its delinquent debts to improve or restore liquidity so that it can continue its operations.

Replacement of old debt by new debt when not under financial distress is called "refinancing". Out-of-court restructurings, also known as workouts, are increasingly becoming a global reality.