hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Siege of Comayagua (1845)
The siege of Comayagua was a military engagement during the Honduran-Salvadoran War of 1845 in which Salvadoran forces under the command of José Trinidad Cabañas laid siege to the Honduran capital of Comayagua

General Cabañas invaded the territory of Honduras in the last days of May, with a force of between 1,400 and 1,600 soldiers, and without encountering difficulty he reached Comayagua, then capital of that Republic; but having been attacked by the forces under the command of General Guardiola numbering 400 soldiers, the Salvadorans suffered a defeat, and many of them were immolated without mercy to the wrath of the victor. The brave Cabañas made the last charge with five officers to encourage the withdrawal of his troops, and upon returning to Salvador he asked that a War Council be formed to justify himself, since the withdrawal of the Salvadorans was due to word having spread of having been cut by the Hondurans.

José Trinidad Cabañas
José Trinidad Cabañas Fiallos (9 June 1805– 8 January 1871) was a liberal Honduran military general and politician who served as President of Honduras on two separate occasions: From 1 March to 6 July 1852. And 31 December 1853 to 6 June 1855. His role in Honduran history began during the First Central American Civil War. He became a Central America hero, when he attempted to reunite Central America, during Francisco Morazán's tenure and after the unionist's death.

During his second term as president, Cabañas attempted to build the railroad in Honduras. He was supported by the common Central American people, but his liberal beliefs were not accepted by the conservatives, then holding power. He was popularly known as being "The gentleman without blemish and without fear".
Ponte Giacomo Matteotti
41°54′52″N 12°28′14″E﻿ / ﻿41.91443°N 12.470684°E﻿ / 41.91443; 12.470684

Ponte Giacomo Matteotti (or briefly Ponte Matteotti), formerly Ponte del Littorio, is a bridge that links Lungotevere Arnaldo da Brescia to Piazza delle Cinque Giornate in Rome (Italy), in the Rione Prati and in the Flaminio and Della Vittoria quarters.

Rioni of Rome
A rione of Rome (Italian: [riˈoːne]; pl.: rioni of Rome) is a traditional administrative division of the city of Rome. Rione is an Italian term used since the 14th century to name a district of a town. The term was born in Rome, originating from the administrative divisions of the city. The word comes from the Latin word regio (pl.: regiones), 'region'; during the Middle Ages the Latin word became rejones, from which rione comes. Currently, all the rioni are located in Municipio I of Rome.
Pavonia praemorsa
Pavonia praemorsa, commonly referred to as yellow mallow, and sometimes as yellow pavonia, shell flower, butter bits  and yellow butter bits  is  a species of flowering shrub in the mallow family. It is native to the southern coast of South Africa, and produces bright yellow flowers, which bloom and die over the course of a single day. It is drought-resistant and can survive low temperatures, despite mainly growing in the subtropics. Its flowers are also attractive to multiple pollinators.

Pollinator
A pollinator is an animal that moves pollen from the male anther of a flower to the female stigma of a flower. This helps to bring about fertilization of the ovules in the flower by the male gametes from the pollen grains.

Insects are the major pollinators of most plants, and insect pollinators include all families of bees and most families of aculeate wasps; ants; many families of flies; many lepidopterans (both butterflies and moths); and many families of beetles. Vertebrates, mainly bats and birds, but also some non-bat mammals (monkeys, lemurs, possums, rodents) and some lizards pollinate certain plants. Among the pollinating birds are hummingbirds, honeyeaters and sunbirds with long beaks; they pollinate a number of deep-throated flowers. Humans may also carry out artificial pollination.

A pollinator is different from a pollenizer, a plant that is a source of pollen for the pollination process.
Roja Pakari
Roja Pakari is a documentary film director from Iran.

Roja Pakar was born in Bandar Abbas, Iran, in 1981. When she was four years old, her family received an asylum in Denmark. She entered the National Film School of Denmark and graduated in 2015. Her graduation film, Zayesh, was dedicated to the artist Hamraz Bayan.

In 2017, she was diagnosed with bone marrow cancer.

In 2024, she was awarded the Nordisk Film Prize for her feature film The Son and the Moon. In this autobiographical film, Pakari shares her love for her son, their family's dramatic history, and her own battle with cancer.

Nordic Council Film Prize
The Nordic Council Film Prize is an annual film prize administered by the Nordic Council since 2002. The Nordisk Film & TV Fond is the funding body that administers the prize, and also awards the Nordic Series Awards, since 2017.
Badminton at the 1975 SEAP Games
Badminton events for the 1975 SEAP Games were held at Thai capital of Bangkok between 9 and 16 December 1975. At the end of the competitions, Malaysia stood top by winning four gold medals while host Thailand won gold in three events.

1975 SEAP Games
The 1975 Southeast Asian Peninsular Games, officially known as the 8th Southeast Asian Peninsular Games, were a Southeast Asian multi-sport event held in Bangkok, Thailand from 9 to 16 December 1975. This was the third time Thailand hosted the games, and its first time since 1967. Previously, Thailand also hosted the 1959 inaugural games. Cambodia and Laos, which only sent token squads made up of military personnel to previous games, declined to participate due to internal political problems, while South Vietnam was fallen and no longer existed. These were the last games to bear the Southeast Asian Peninsular Games name before it was renamed the Southeast Asian Games. The games were opened and closed by the King of Thailand, Bhumibol Adulyadej, at Suphalachasai Stadium. The final medal tally was led by Thailand, followed by Singapore, Burma and Malaysia.
Flag of Cusco
The official flag of the Peruvian city of Cusco has seven horizontal stripes of color: red, orange, yellow, green, sky blue, blue, and violet. This rainbow flag was introduced to Peru in 1973 by Raúl Montesinos Espejo, in recognition of the 25th anniversary of his Tawantinsuyo Radio station. As the flag's popularity grew, Cusco mayor Gilberto Muñiz Caparó declared it an official emblem in 1978. Since 2021, the official flag has also featured the golden Sol de Echenique.

Sol de Echenique
The Sol de Echenique or Placa de Echenique refers to a pre-Hispanic piece of gold that was given to Peruvian president José Rufino Echenique during his visit to Cusco in 1853. It was declared as Cultural Heritage of the Nation by Vice Ministerial Resolution N° 000149-2021-VMPCIC/MC.
Kıca, Silifke
Kıca (also known as Kıcaköy) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Silifke, Mersin Province, Turkey. Its population is 342 (2022). It is situated in the Toros Mountains. Its distance to Silifke is 71 kilometres (44 mi) and to Mersin is 156 kilometres (97 mi).

Mersin Province
Mersin Province (Turkish: Mersin ili), formerly İçel Province (İçel ili), is a province and metropolitan municipality in southern Turkey, on the Mediterranean coast between Antalya and Adana. Its area is 16,010 km2, and its population is 1,916,432 (2022). The provincial capital and the biggest city in the province is Mersin, which is composed of four municipalities and district governorates: Akdeniz, Mezitli, Toroslar and Yenişehir. Next largest is Tarsus, the birthplace of Paul the Apostle. The province is considered to be a part of the geographical, economical and cultural region of Çukurova, which covers the provinces of Mersin, Adana, Osmaniye and Hatay.
Lilliwaup, Washington
Lilliwaup is a small unincorporated community in Mason County, Washington, United States. It is located on the west shore of Hood Canal at the mouth of Lilliwaup Creek. U.S. Route 101 passes through the town.

U.S. Route 101 in Washington
U.S. Route 101 (US 101) is a United States Numbered Highway that runs along the West Coast from Los Angeles, California to Tumwater, Washington. Within the state of Washington, US 101 connects cities on the coast of the Pacific Ocean and encircles the Olympic Peninsula around the Olympic Mountains. It also serves as the main access for Olympic National Park, several state parks, and other scenic and recreational areas.

The highway enters from Oregon on the Astoria–Megler Bridge over the mouth of the Columbia River near Astoria, Oregon. From there, it runs for 366 miles (589 km) north through Ilwaco, Raymond, Aberdeen, Hoquiam, and Forks before turning east towards Port Angeles. US 101 turns south near Discovery Bay and continues along the Hood Canal through Shelton towards Olympia, where it becomes a freeway and terminates at Interstate 5 (I-5) in Tumwater.
Arrhidaeus
Arrhidaeus or Arrhidaios (Greek: Ἀρριδαῖoς lived 4th century BC), one of Alexander the Great's generals, was entrusted by Ptolemy to bring Alexander's body to Egypt in 323 BC, contrary to the wishes of Perdiccas who wanted the body sent to Macedonia. On the murder of Perdiccas in Egypt in 321 BC, Arrhidaeus and Peithon were appointed temporary commanders in chief, but through the intrigues of the queen Eurydice they were obliged to resign soon afterwards their office at Triparadisus in Northern Syria. On the division of the provinces which was decided by those attending Triparadisus, Arrhidaeus obtained the Hellespontine Phrygia. In 319 BC, after the death of Antipater, Arrhidaeus made an unsuccessful attack upon Cyzicus; and Antigonus gladly seized this pretext to require him to resign his satrapy. Arrhidaeus, however, refused to resign and shut himself up in Cius.

Satrap
A satrap (/ˈsætrəp/) was a governor of the provinces of the ancient Median and Persian (Achaemenid) Empires and in several of their successors, such as in the Sasanian Empire and the Hellenistic empires. A satrapy is the territory governed by a satrap.

A satrap served as a viceroy to the king, though with considerable autonomy. The word came to suggest tyranny or ostentatious splendour, and its modern usage is a pejorative and refers to any subordinate or local ruler, usually with unfavourable connotations of corruption.
Michael Rao
Michael Rao is an American academic administrator who is the current president of Virginia Commonwealth University, a public university in downtown Richmond, Virginia. During his time as president, Rao has overseen increased enrollment, expansion of the university's facilities and record increases in sponsored research funding.  He is the longest serving university president in the Commonwealth of Virginia. Rao previously served as the president of Central Michigan University in Mount Pleasant, Michigan and Mission College in Santa Clara, California. Additionally, he served as the Chancellor of Montana State University–Northern.

Mount Pleasant, Michigan
Mount Pleasant is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan. The city is the county seat of Isabella County, which is part of Central Michigan. The population of Mount Pleasant was 21,688 as of the 2020 census. The city is surrounded by Union Charter Township, but is politically independent.

Part of the city (with a population of 8,741) is located within the Isabella Indian Reservation, the base of the federally recognized Saginaw Chippewa Tribal Nation. The tribe's Soaring Eagle Casino & Resort in nearby Chippewa Township is also within the reservation boundaries.

Mount Pleasant is home to the main campuses of Central Michigan University, one of the largest universities in the state with 20,000 students at Mount Pleasant, and Mid Michigan Community College. The student population nearly doubles the population of the city during the academic year, making it a college town. Despite its name, the surrounding area is mostly flat and does not feature any mountains or hills.
Liv Kjersti Bergman
Liv Kjersti Bergman (born Liv Kjersti Eikeland; 20 March 1979 in Bergen) is a former Norwegian biathlete. She debuted in the World Cup in 1999 in Oberhof. Her best position so far is a second on the 15 km from Östersund in 2006. She participated in the World Championship 2005 in Hochfilzen where she achieved a 16th place in the 15 km and was a part of the Norwegian team who came in fifth.

Biathlon World Championships 2005
The 40th Biathlon World Championships were held in 2005 for the third time in Hochfilzen, Austria from 4 to 13 March. Approximately 80,000 spectators went to see the competitions. The mixed relay, contested for the first time in the World Championships, was held in Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia.
Marius Lejeune
Marius Lejeune (2 November 1882 – 5 September 1949) was a French rower. Lejeune won medals with the men's eight at the 1908 and 1909 European Rowing Championships. He also competed in the men's eight event at the 1912 Summer Olympics.

1909 European Rowing Championships
The 1909 European Rowing Championships were rowing championships held on the Seine in Juvisy-sur-Orge just upstream of the French capital of Paris on 22 August. The competition was for men only and they competed in five boat classes (M1x, M2x, M2+, M4+, M8+).
Doug Brandon
Benton Douglas Brandon Jr. (August 23, 1932 – July 13, 1992) was an American lawyer and politician. He served in both the Arkansas House of Representatives and Arkansas Senate. In 1978, he was the Democratic nominee for Congress in Arkansas's 2nd congressional district.

Arkansas Senate
The Arkansas State Senate is the upper branch of the Arkansas General Assembly. The Senate consists of 35 members, each representing a district with about 83,000 people. Service in the state legislature is part-time, and many state senators have full-time jobs during the rest of the year. During the current term, the Senate contains twenty-eight Republicans, six Democrats and one vacancy.
The Constant Husband
The Constant Husband is a 1955 British comedy film, directed by Sidney Gilliat and starring Rex Harrison, Margaret Leighton, Kay Kendall, Cecil Parker, George Cole and Raymond Huntley. The story was written by Gilliat together with Val Valentine, and the film was produced by Individual Pictures, Gilliat's and Frank Launder's joint production company. Because the film got caught up in the 1954 bankruptcy of British Lion Film Corporation, it was not released until more than seven months after it had been finished and reviewed by the British Board of Film Censors.

Raymond Huntley
Horace Raymond Huntley (23 April 1904 – 15 June 1990) was an English actor who appeared in dozens of British films from the 1930s to the 1970s. He also appeared in the ITV period drama Upstairs, Downstairs as the pragmatic family solicitor Sir Geoffrey Dillon.
Automatic track warning system
Automatic track warning system (ATWS, German: Rottenwarnanlage) is a technical device used during track construction for occupational safety. It warns the construction site workers of an approaching train. In Germany, it usually consists of a series of signal lights and acoustic warning devices, which are mounted on steel poles or tripods at the edge of the track bed every 30 meters. There are wired and wireless systems that are automatically activated when a train approaches, for example by a wheel contact in the track bed. As long as the ATWS is generating warning signals, the construction site personnel must stay away from the track in question and allow the train to pass. ATWS is considered safer than the non-automated solution, where one worker constantly watches for approaching trains and alerts his colleagues.

Tripod
A tripod is a portable three-legged frame or stand, used as a platform for supporting the weight and maintaining the stability of some other object. The three-legged (triangular stance) design provides good stability against gravitational loads as well as horizontal shear forces, and better leverage for resisting tipping over due to lateral forces can be achieved by spreading the legs away from the vertical centre.
Variations with one, two, and four legs are termed monopod, bipod, and quadripod (similar to a table).
Iris missouriensis
Iris missouriensis (syn. I. montana) is a hardy flowering rhizomatous species of the genus Iris, in the family Iridaceae.  Its common names include western blue flag, Rocky Mountain iris, and Missouri flag.

It is native to western North America. Its distribution is varied; it grows at high elevations in mountains and alpine meadows and all the way down to sea level in coastal hills.

Alpine tundra
Alpine tundra is a type of natural region or biome that does not contain trees because it is at high elevation, with an associated harsh climate. As the latitude of a location approaches the poles, the threshold elevation for alpine tundra gets lower until it reaches sea level and merges with polar tundra.

The high elevation causes an adverse climate, which is too cold and windy to support tree growth. Alpine tundra transitions to sub-alpine forests below the tree line; stunted forests occurring at the forest-tundra ecotone are known as krummholz. With increasing elevation it ends at the snow line where snow and ice persist through summer.

Alpine tundra occurs in mountains worldwide. The flora of the alpine tundra is characterized by dwarf shrubs close to the ground. The cold climate of the alpine tundra is caused by adiabatic cooling of air, and is similar to polar climate.
Yappar County, Queensland
Yappar County, Queensland
is a cadastral division of Burke District of northern Queensland and a County of Queensland, Australia.

The county dates from the March 1901, when the Governor of Queensland issued a proclamation legally dividing all of Queensland into counties under the Land Act 1897.
Like all counties in Queensland, it is a non-functional administrative unit, that is used mainly for the purpose of registering land titles. From 30 November 2015, the government no longer referenced counties and parishes in land information systems however the Museum of Lands, Mapping and Surveying retains a record for historical purposes.

The entire county is incorporated and divided into parishes.

Museum of Lands, Mapping and Surveying
The Museum of Lands, Mapping and Surveying is a museum at 317 Edward Street, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It collects and exhibits material relating to the surveying of Queensland and the maps created.  It is a sub-branch of the Queensland Museum. It actively digitises and makes available historic maps and aerial imagery under open licences.
Bantu Homelands Constitution Act, 1971
The Bantu Homelands Constitution Act (Act No. 21 of 1971) enabled the government of South Africa to grant independence to any "Homeland" as determined by the South African apartheid government.  It was renamed several times, becoming the Black States Constitution Act, 1971, then the National States Constitution Act, 1971, and finally the Self-governing Territories Constitution Act, 1971. In accordance with this act, independence was eventually granted to Transkei in 1976, Bophuthatswana in 1977, Venda in 1979, and Ciskei in 1981.

The granting of independence had been prepared by earlier acts including the establishment of tribal, territorial and regional authorities in accordance with the Bantu Authorities Act, 1951 and the Promotion of Bantu Self-government Act, 1959.

Venda (Bantustan)
Venda (/ˈvɛndə/ VEN-də), officially the Republic of Venda (Venda: Riphabuliki ya Venḓa; Afrikaans: Republiek van Venda), was a Bantustan in northern South Africa. It was fairly close to the South African border with Zimbabwe to the north, while, to the south and east, it shared a long border with another black homeland, Gazankulu. It is now part of the Limpopo province. Venda was founded by the South African government as a homeland for the Venda people, speakers of the Venda language. The United Nations and international community refused to recognise Venda (or any other Bantustan) as an independent state.
Kennedy House and Mill
The Kennedy House and Mill are historic buildings located at 306 NJ 173 near Pohatcong Creek in Greenwich Township, Warren County, New Jersey. They were added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 16, 1996 for their significance in architecture, politics/government and industry. The area of Stewartsville, New Jersey is also called Kennedy Mills.

The two-story Kennedy House was built c. 1815–1825 of coursed rubble stone construction in a Federal architecture style. The two and one-half story gristmill, located along the Pohatcong Creek, is also of rubble stone construction.

Course (architecture)
A course is a layer of the same unit running horizontally in a wall. It can also be defined as a continuous row of any masonry unit such as bricks, concrete masonry units (CMU), stone, shingles, tiles, etc.

Coursed masonry construction arranges units in regular courses. In contrast, coursed rubble masonry construction uses random uncut units, infilled with mortar or smaller stones.

If a course is the horizontal arrangement, then a wythe is a continuous vertical section of masonry one unit in thickness. A wythe may be independent of, or interlocked with, the adjoining wythe(s). A single wythe of brick that is not structural in nature is referred to as a masonry veneer.

A standard 8-inch CMU block is exactly equal to three courses of brick. A bond  (or bonding) pattern) is the arrangement of several courses of  brickwork.

The corners of a masonry wall are built first, then the spaces between them are filled by the remaining courses.
Jaronowice
Jaronowice [jarɔnɔˈvit͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Nagłowice, within Jędrzejów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) south-west of Nagłowice, 20 km (12 mi) west of Jędrzejów, and 49 km (30 mi) south-west of the regional capital Kielce.

Jędrzejów
Jędrzejów (Polish: [jɛnˈdʐɛjuf] ⓘ; Yiddish: יענדזשעוו, romanized: Yendzshev, Latin: Andreiow) is a town in southern Poland, located in the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. It lies approximately 35 kilometres (22 miles) southwest of Kielce. It is the capital of Jędrzejów County. It has 16,139 inhabitants (2011).
Eglītis
Eglītis (Old orthography: Eg(g)li(h)t; feminine: Eglīte) is a Latvian surname, derived from the Latvian word for "spruce" (egle). Individuals with the surname include:

Anšlavs Eglītis (1906–1993), Latvian writer, journalist and painter

Baiba Eglīte (born 1989), Latvian basketball player

Hilda Vīka-Eglīte (1897–1963), Latvian artist and writer

Jānis Eglītis (1961–2013), politician

Viktors Eglītis (1877–1945), writer and art theorist

Zane Eglīte (born 1984), basketball player

Hilda Vīka
Hilda Vīka (5 November 1897 – 14 February 1963), also known as Hilda Vīka-Eglīte, was a Latvian artist and writer. She made stylised watercolour and oil paintings of everyday life and dreamy visions. She wrote poetry, short stories and novels, illustrating her own works. Beginning in the 1930s, she incorporated Latvian mythology in her works. During the Soviet era she adapted to socialist realism but was expelled from the artist union for most of the 1950s. She was married to the writer Viktors Eglītis.
Riceford Creek
Riceford Creek is a stream in Minnesota. The river flows over about 20 miles (32 km) from the town of Mabel, Minnesota to the town of Yucatan, Minnesota, where it flows into the South Fork Root River.

The creek is named after Minnesota Territory politician Henry Mower Rice, who forded this creek in 1856.

Minnesota Territory
The Territory of Minnesota was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from March 3, 1849, until May 11, 1858, when the eastern portion of the territory was admitted to the Union as the state of Minnesota and the western portion became unorganized territory and shortly after was reorganized as part of the Dakota Territory.