hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Al Silverman
Elwyn Harmon Silverman (12 April 1926 – 10 March 2019), known as Al Silverman, was a noted sports writer, the author of 10 books and numerous essays published in, among other publications, Playboy, Saga, and Sport magazine. Among his publications is I Am Third, written with Gale Sayers, which was adapted for the 1971 television movie Brian's Song.

In addition to his writing, Silverman also worked as an editor and publisher. He was editor of Sport Magazine from 1951 to 1963 and was CEO and chairman of Book of the Month Club from 1972 to 1988. Most recently, Silverman served as editor and publisher at Viking Press from 1989 to 1997.

Viking Press
Viking Press (formally Viking Penguin, also listed as Viking Books) is an American publishing company owned by Penguin Random House. It was founded in New York City on March 1, 1925, by Harold K. Guinzburg and George S. Oppenheimer and then acquired by the Penguin Group in 1975.

The publisher's name and logo, a Viking ship drawn by Rockwell Kent, were chosen as symbols of enterprise, adventure, and exploration in publishing.

Viking Press was sold to Penguin Books in 1975 for $12 million due to the publishing house's monetary difficulties. These were speculated to have been caused by the shrinkage in the juvenile market and Viking Press' lack of a textbook division.
Semantics (programming languages)
In programming language theory, semantics is the rigorous mathematical logic study of the meaning of programming languages. Semantics assigns computational meaning to valid strings in a programming language syntax. It is closely related to, and often crosses over with, the semantics of mathematical proofs.

Semantics describes the processes a computer follows when executing a program in that specific language. This can be done by describing the relationship between the input and output of a program, or giving an explanation of how the program will be executed on a certain platform, thereby creating a model of computation.

Computation
A computation is any type of arithmetic or non-arithmetic calculation that is well-defined. Common examples of computation are mathematical equation solving and the execution of computer algorithms.

Mechanical or electronic devices (or, historically, people) that perform computations are known as computers. Computer science is an academic field that involves the study of computation.
G. G. Njuguna Ngengi
G. G. Njuguna Ngengi (died January 2, 2008) was a Kenyan politician native to Molo, Kenya.

He came into international attention in 1993 when he and an assistant, Mr. Koigi wa Wamwere, were charged with violent robbery after they allegedly stormed the Bahati Police Station. They were sentenced to prison following a controversial trial in 1995, a move that was condemned by the European Union  and Amnesty International  among others. Ngengi was released in 1997.

Ngengi was a councillor in Molo before his sentence. He is also a former army captain.

His sister Josephine Nyawira Ngengi was arrested and charged in 1994 for allegedly robbing a supermarket.

Molo, Kenya
Molo is a town in Nakuru County. It is also one of the 11 constituencies in Nakuru County and is served by a branch of Kenya Railways, formerly the Uganda Railway, East African Railways Corporation until 1977. Molo hosts a town council. The town has a population of 156,732 (2019 census).
Koh Band District
Kohband District is situated in the northwestern part of Kapisa Province, Afghanistan. It borders Kohistan District to the west, Parvan Province to the north, Nijrab District to the east and Mahmud Raqi District to the south. The population is 26,133 (2019). The district center is Hajjikheyl (35°06′34″N 69°25′39″E﻿ / ﻿35.1094°N 69.4275°E﻿ / 35.1094; 69.4275) located in the western part of the district. The people mostly speak Pashayi language.

Kapisa Province
Kapisa is the smallest of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan, located in the northeastern part of the country. It has an estimated population of 523,201 people and an area of 1,842 km2 (711 sq mi), making it the most densely populated province apart from Kabul Province. It borders Panjshir Province to the north, Laghman Province to the east, Kabul Province to the south and Parwan Province to the west. Mahmud-i-Raqi is the provincial capital, while the most populous city and district of Kapisa is Nijrab.
Love's Old Sweet Song
"Love's Old Sweet Song" is a Victorian parlour song published in 1884 by composer James Lynam Molloy and lyricist Graham Clifton Bingham. The first line of the chorus is "Just a song at twilight", and its title is sometimes misidentified as such. Bingham wrote the lyric of ‘Love’s Old Sweet Song’, after which various composers competed to set it to music. The successful candidate was James Molloy.

It was first sung by Antoinette Sterling at a concert at St James's Hall in London in 1884. James Molloy worked at her house on the melody and accompaniment.
The song has been recorded by many artists, including John McCormack and Clara Butt. The song is alluded to in James Joyce's Ulysses as being sung by Molly Bloom.

Arthur Sullivan was accused of using the song’s first two bars for ‘When a merry maiden marries’ in The Gondoliers; he denied it.

John McCormack (tenor)
Count John Francis McCormack (14 June 1884 – 16 September 1945), was an Irish lyric tenor celebrated for his performances of the operatic and popular song repertoires, and renowned for his diction and breath control. He was also a Papal Count. McCormack became a naturalised American citizen before returning to live in Ireland.
Marma al-Hajar
Marma al-Hajar (Arabic: مرمى الحجر, romanized: Marmā al-Ḥajar), originally Dashatan (Arabic: طاش اوتان, romanized: Ṭāsh Awtān; Turkish: Taşatan, lit. 'stone thrower'), is a village in northern Aleppo Governorate, northern Syria. Situated on the northern Manbij Plain, bordering the Jarabulus Plain's wetlands towards river Euphrates, the village is located 3 km (1.9 mi) to the south of Jarabulus, and about 4 km (2.5 mi) south of the border to the Turkish province of Gaziantep. It is inhabited by Turkmen of the Barak tribe.

With 1,818 inhabitants, as per the 2004 census, Marma al-Hajar administratively belongs to Nahiya Jarabulus within Jarabulus District. Nearby localities include al-Jamel 2 km (1.2 mi) to the southeast, and Jarabulus Tahtani 3 km (1.9 mi) to the northeast.

Jarabulus Tahtani
Jarabulus Tahtani (Arabic: جرابلس تحتاني, romanized: Jarābulus Taḩtānī, lit. 'Lower Jarabulus') is a village in northern Aleppo Governorate, northern Syria. Situated in the Jarabulus Plain's wetlands, on the western banks of river Euphrates, the village is located some 2 km (1.2 mi) to the southeast of Jarabulus, and about 3 km (1.9 mi) south of the border with the Turkish province of Gaziantep.

With 2,170 inhabitants, as per the 2004 census, is the second largest village of Nahiya Jarabulus within Jarabulus District. The bridge connecting Jarabulus Tahtani with Shuyukh Fawqani was severely damaged in March 2015.
Marcel·lí Gausachs
Marcel·lí Gausachs i Gausachs (1891–1931) was a Catalan photographer, from the northeast of Spain. Little is known of his life. He was a member of the photographic section of the Hiking Club of Catalonia. He specialised in stereoscopic photography, a technique in which two pictures are taken from slightly different positions; when looked at in a viewer which presents only one picture to each eye, this produces an illusion of 3D. His subject-matter was the architecture, landscape and human activity of Catalonia and Spain, and to a lesser extent of France and Belgium, in the early years of the 20th century. The Library of Catalonia holds 349 of his photographic plates (119 positives and 230 negatives) in the Memòria Digital de Catalunya as a historical resource.

Photographic plate
Photographic plates preceded film as the primary medium for capturing images in photography. These plates, made of metal or glass and coated with a light-sensitive emulsion, were integral to early photographic processes such as heliography, daguerreotypes, and photogravure. Glass plates, thinner than standard window glass, became widely used in the late 19th century for their clarity and reliability. Although largely replaced by film during the 20th century, plates continued to be used for specialised scientific and medical purposes until the late 20th century.
Freestyle skiing at the 2024 Winter Youth Olympics
Freestyle skiing at the 2024 Winter Youth Olympics took place from 23 to 31 January 2024 , with the dual moguls event held at the High1 Resort, Jeongseon, South Korea and the remaining events at Welli Hilli Park, Hoengseong, South Korea.

Welli Hilli Park
Welli Hilli Park (Korean: 웰리힐리파크), formerly known as Hyundai Sungwoo Resort is a ski resort in Hoengseong, South Korea. The resort was opened in December 1995 by Sungwoo Group, a family company with Hyundai Group. The resort was acquired by Shinan Group in 2011 and took the current name in 2012.

The top of the resort is Suri-bong, a peak at 896 metres (2,940 ft) above sea level. The slopes are located on the north face of the peak.

In Pyeongchang's bid for the 2010 Winter Olympics, it was the venue for the sledding events (bobsleigh, luge, and skeleton) and snowboarding events. But Pyeongchang lost the bid to Vancouver.

The resort town is served by the Dunnae Station. Across the nearby Dunnae Tunnel, another ski resort, Phoenix Pyeongchang is located.

In 2018, while human athletes were competing in the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, nearby Welli Hilli Park hosted a skiing event for robots, competing for a $10,000 prize.
Fidelma Allende
Fidelma Allende Miranda (born 15 February 1932) is a Chilean English teacher, union leader, and politician of the Socialist Party.

She represented the Seventh Departamental Group (Santiago Metropolitan Region) in 1973 until Congress was dissolved.

Santiago Metropolitan Region
Santiago Metropolitan Region (Spanish: Región Metropolitana de Santiago) is one of Chile's 16 first-order administrative divisions. It is the country's only landlocked administrative region and contains the nation's capital, Santiago. Most commercial and administrative centers are located in the region, including Chile's main international airport, Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport.

With an area of 15,403.2 km2 (5,947 sq mi) and population over seven million, it is Chile's most populated and most densely populated region. It is also the most developed subdivision in all of South America with a very high HDI of 0.908.
Magic Carpet (band)
Magic Carpet was a pioneering British psychedelic folk band of musicians that first appeared in the early 1970s.

The band members were Clem Alford, sitar; Alisha Sufit, voice and guitar; Jim Moyes, guitar; and Keshav Sathe, Indian tabla percussion. In 1972 the band released an eponymous album, Magic Carpet, on the Mushroom (UK) label that has since become a sought-after item in the international collectors' vinyl market.

Sitar
The sitar (English:  /ˈsɪtɑːr/ or /sɪˈtɑːr/; IAST: sitāra) is a plucked stringed instrument, originating from the Indian subcontinent, used in Hindustani classical music. The instrument was invented in the 18th century, and arrived at its present form in 19th-century India. Khusrau Khan, an 18th-century figure of the Mughal Empire, has been identified by modern scholarship as the inventor of the sitar. According to most historians, he developed the sitar from the setar, an Iranian instrument of Abbasid or Safavid origin.

Used widely throughout the Indian subcontinent, the sitar became popularly known in the wider world through the works of Ravi Shankar, beginning in the late 1950s and early 1960s. The advent of psychedelic culture during the mid-to-late 1960s set a trend for the use of the sitar in Western popular music, with the instrument appearing on tracks by bands such as the Beatles, the Rolling Stones, Metallica and many others.
The Rapid
The Rapid is the public transit operator serving Grand Rapids, Michigan and its surrounding suburbs. The Rapid operates local bus service in urban areas in Kent County, and regional service to Ferris State University and Grand Valley State University in Mecosta and Ottawa Counties.

The Rapid is the marketing name of the Interurban Transit Partnership, a special district that covers 6 cities in Kent County. The Interurban Transit Partnership collects property taxes in the 6 member cities to fund its core services, and maintains contracts with 3 additional municipalities and 2 universities for additional services. The Rapid operates 23 bus routes, and also provides paratransit and carpool coordination services. In 2024, the system had a ridership of 6,601,000, or about 21,300 per weekday.

Kentwood, Michigan
Kentwood is a city in Kent County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 54,304 as of the 2020 census. The city is bordered on the northwest by Grand Rapids and is the third most-populated municipality in the Grand Rapids metropolitan area.
Robert Gallagher
Robert Gallagher (born 1969 in Kensington, England) is a commercial and editorial photographer currently based in Los Angeles, California. He has been awarded four times in the Communication Arts Photography Annual, named one of the 'Top 25 Photographers of 2016' by Creative Quarterly and is archived in The National Portrait Gallery in London.

Richard Avedon
Richard Avedon (May 15, 1923 – October 1, 2004) was an American fashion and portrait photographer. He worked for Harper's Bazaar, Vogue and Elle specializing in capturing movement in still pictures of fashion, theater and dance. An obituary published in The New York Times said that "his fashion and portrait photographs helped define America's image of style, beauty and culture for the last half-century".
Larry Laffer
Larry Laffer is a player character and protagonist in the Leisure Suit Larry series of adventure video games, created by Al Lowe and Mark Crowe for Leisure Suit Larry in the Land of the Lounge Lizards in 1987 and later voiced by Jan Rabson. A man approaching middle age, Larry is a balding nerd who, following a lifelong virginity, has suddenly become obsessed with sex and now lives a new life, awkwardly trying and usually badly failing to seduce attractive women. Due to the series's popularity in the late 1980s and early 1990s, Larry was one of the well-known video game characters of that era.

Nerd
A nerd is a person seen as over-intellectual, obsessive, introverted, or lacking social skills. Such a person may spend inordinate amounts of time on unpopular, little-known, or non-mainstream activities, which are generally either highly technical, abstract, or relating to niche topics such as science fiction or fantasy, to the exclusion of more mainstream activities. Additionally, many so-called nerds are described as being shy, quirky, pedantic, and unattractive.

Originally derogatory, the term "nerd" was a stereotype, but as with other pejoratives, it has been reclaimed and redefined by some as a term of pride and group identity. The term may be considered a synonym for geek.
Sangma
Sangma is an Indian surname. People with this surname include:

P. A. Sangma: Indian politician, Speaker of Lok Sabha and Chief Minister of Meghalaya

Admiral K. Sangma: Indian politician

Agatha Sangma: Indian politician, daughter of P. A.

Conrad Sangma: Indian politician, son of P. A.

James Sangma: Indian politician

Mukul Sangma: Indian politician, Chief Minister of Meghalaya

Williamson A. Sangma: Indian politician, Chief Minister of Meghalaya

P. A. Sangma
Purno Agitok Sangma (1 September 1947 – 4 March 2016) was an Indian politician who served as the 11th Speaker of the Lok Sabha from 1996 to 1998 and 4th Chief Minister of Meghalaya from 1988 to 1990 . He served as a member of the Lok Sabha from Tura in Meghalaya from 2014 to 2016, 1991 to 2008 and from 1977 to 1989 and the Minister of Information and Broadcasting in the Rao ministry from 1995 to 1996. He was the co-founder of Nationalist Congress Party and founder of National People's Party.

Sangma contested the 2012 Indian presidential election, supported by the Bharatiya Janata Party and the AIADMK. However he lost to Pranab Mukherjee of the Indian National Congress. Sangma was awarded the Padma Vibhushan, India's second highest civilian award, posthumously in 2017, in the field of Public Affairs and was the first recipient of the award from Meghalaya.
Northfield Mountain (hydroelectricity facility)
42°36′39″N 72°28′17″W﻿ / ﻿42.61083°N 72.47139°W﻿ / 42.61083; -72.47139
Northfield Mountain is a pumped-storage hydroelectric plant and reservoir located on and under the similarly named Northfield Mountain in Erving and Northfield, Massachusetts.  It is currently owned by FirstLight Power Resources (formerly NE Energy), which purchased the facility from Northeast Utilities in 2006.

Northfield, Massachusetts
Northfield is a town in Franklin County, Massachusetts, United States. Northfield was first settled in 1673. The population was 2,866 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Springfield metropolitan area, Massachusetts. The Connecticut River runs through the town, dividing West Northfield from East Northfield and the village of Northfield, where the town hall is located.

Part of the town is included in the census-designated place of Northfield.
Mashrafet Flita
Mashrafet Flita (Arabic: مشرفة فليطة) is a village in southern Syria, administratively part of the Rif Dimashq Governorate. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, Mashrafet Flita had a population of 6,475 in the 2004 census.

Rif Dimashq Governorate
Rif Dimashq Governorate (Arabic: محافظة ريف دمشق, romanized: Moḥaafaẓat Reef Demashq, lit. "Damascus Countryside" or "Damascus Suburbs") is one of the fourteen governorates (provinces) of Syria. It is situated in the southwestern part of the country. It borders the governorates of Quneitra, Daraa and Suwayda in the southwest, Homs in the north, Lebanon in the west and Jordan in the south. The capital is the city of Douma.

The Governorate completely surrounds the city and governorate of Damascus and it has an area of 18,032 km² and a population of 2,273,074 (2004 census).

The Governorate was a major site of fighting in the Syrian Civil War in the Rif Dimashq Governorate campaign.
Microphilypnus
Microphilypnus is a genus of small fishes in the family Eleotridae native to the Amazon and Orinoco basins in South America. At up to 2.4 cm (0.94 in) in standard length, they are among the smallest sleeper gobies, but however larger than the Leptophilypnion sleeper gobies from the same region. The bottom-dwelling Microphilypnus are typically found in shallow water among leaf-litter or partially buried in sand, and they can be very abundant in their habitat. Their small size combined with a speckled and semi-transparent appearance makes them highly cryptic. They somewhat resemble certain freshwater shrimp (Palaemonetes and Pseudopalaemon), as well as Priocharax characins, and they sometimes group together. Microphilypnus feed on tiny invertebrates.

Pseudopalaemon
Pseudopalaemon is a genus of shrimps belonging to the family Palaemonidae.

The species of this genus are found in Southern America.

Species:

Pseudopalaemon amazonensis Ramos-Porto, 1979

Pseudopalaemon bouvieri Sollaud, 1911

Pseudopalaemon chryseus Kensley & Walker, 1982

Pseudopalaemon funchiae García-Dávila & Magalhães, 2004

Pseudopalaemon gouldingi Kensley & Walker, 1982

Pseudopalaemon iquitoensis García-Dávila & Magalhães, 2004

Pseudopalaemon nigramnis Kensley & Walker, 1982
Paul Robertson (violinist)
Paul Alan Reuben Robertson (1952–2016) was a violinist and founder of the Music Mind Spirit Trust.

He grew up in Oxford where he was tutored in the violin by Manoug Parikian.  He went to the Royal Academy of Music where his teachers included Sidney Griller  and Neville Marriner.  He was a founder of the Medici String Quartet in 1971 and was its first violin until 2008 when his aorta ruptured, causing serious illness and a near-death experience.  He then founded the Music Mind Spirit Trust with his wife, Chika Yamauchi, to explore and research the spiritual and scientific aspects of music.  He was an honorary fellow and associate professor at Green Templeton College, Oxford and a cultural leader at the World Economic Forum in Davos.

Lists of violinists
The following lists of violinists are available on Wikipedia:

List of classical violinists

List of contemporary classical violinists

List of jazz violinists

List of popular music violinists

List of Indian violinists

List of Persian violinists

List of electric violinists

List of fiddlers

List of female violinists
Joe Aguirre
Joseph Andrew Aguirre (October 17, 1918 – July 13, 1985) was an American football end. He played collegiately at Saint Mary's College of California and was drafted in the eleventh round of the 1941 NFL draft by the Washington Redskins.

In addition to playing in the National Football League (NFL) in 1941 and again from 1943 to 1945 for the Redskins, Aguirre played for four years with the Los Angeles Dons of the All-America Football Conference (AAFC).

He also spent time in the Canadian Football League with the Winnipeg Blue Bombers, Edmonton Eskimos, and Saskatchewan Roughriders.  In his time in the CFL, he won the Dave Dryburgh Memorial Trophy as the Western Interprovincial Football Union's Top Scorer in 1950 and again in 1954.

Los Angeles Dons
The Los Angeles Dons were an American football team in the newly formed football league the All-America Football Conference (AAFC) from 1946 to 1949, and played their home games in the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum. The Dons were the first professional football team to play a regular season game in Los Angeles, California, two weeks before the first game of the rival Los Angeles Rams of the National Football League, who had moved from Cleveland.
David S. G. Goodman
David Stephen Gordon Goodman is Director of the China Studies Centre, University of Sydney, where he is also Emeritus Professor of Chinese Politics in the Department of Government and International Relations. He is also Emeritus Professor in the Department of China Studies at Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University in Suzhou, China; and Emeritus Professor in the Australia-China Relations Institute at the University of Technology, Sydney. Prof Goodman is a Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences in Australia.

Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia
The Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia (ASSA) is an independent, non-governmental organisation devoted to the advancement of knowledge and research in the social sciences. It has its origins in the Social Science Research Council of Australia, founded in 1942.

The Academy was established in 1971 to recognise and champion excellence in the social sciences and to provide evidence-based advice on a range of social policy issues.

The Academy consists of an elected Fellowship of almost 700 distinguished Australian social science researchers and professionals who work together to:

Provide advice to governments on issues of national importance;

Promote understanding and awareness of the social sciences; and

Coordinate international cooperation and collaboration in the social sciences.