hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Louis R. Nowell
Louis R. Nowell (February 8, 1915 – July 2, 2009) was a fireman and politician in Los Angeles, California. He was best known for serving on the Los Angeles City Council from the San Fernando Valley from 1963 to 1977. He was appointed as a member of the South Coast Regional Coastal Commission.

A self-described political conservative, Nowell favored high-density growth in residential areas and related development. He opposed school busing to achieve racial integration, believing that families should be able to choose where their children went to school. Investigated for some financial irregularities related to his public office, Nowell pleaded no contest and was fined for a violation of a campaign-reporting law.

He was the grandfather of Bradley Nowell, the singer and the guitarist of the band Sublime.

Billboard
A billboard (also called a hoarding in the UK and many other parts of the world) is a large outdoor advertising structure (a billing board), typically found in high-traffic areas such as alongside busy roads. Billboards present large advertisements to passing pedestrians and drivers. Typically brands use billboards to build their brands or to push for their new products.

The largest ordinary-sized billboards are located primarily on major highways, expressways, or principal arterials, and command high-density consumer exposure (mostly to vehicular traffic). These afford the greatest visibility due not only to their size, but because they allow creative "customizing" through extensions and embellishments.

Posters are another common form of billboard advertising, located mostly along primary and secondary arterial roads. Posters are in a smaller format and are viewed primarily by residents and commuter traffic, with some pedestrian exposure.
Chicago Med season 3
The third season of Chicago Med, an American medical drama television series with executive producer Dick Wolf, and producers Michael Brandt, Peter Jankowski, Andrew Schneider and René Balcer (uncredited), was ordered on May 10, 2017. The season premiered on November 21, 2017, concluded on May 15, 2018, and contained 20 episodes. This season marks the final regular appearance of main character Sarah Reese, portrayed by Rachel DiPillo.

Dick Wolf
Richard Anthony Wolf (born December 20, 1946) is an American television producer, best known for his Law & Order franchise. Since 1990, the franchise has included six police/courtroom dramas and four international spinoffs. He is also co-creator and executive producer of the Chicago franchise, which since 2012, has included four Chicago-based dramas and the co-creator and executive producer of FBI, which since 2018, has also become a franchise after spinning off two additional series.

Wolf has also written four books. The first, the non-fiction volume Law & Order: Crime Scenes, is a companion to the Law & Order television series. The Intercept, The Execution, and The Ultimatum are works of fiction in a thriller series featuring an NYPD detective named Jeremy Fisk.

Wolf has won numerous awards, including an Emmy Award, being inducted into the Television Academy Hall of Fame and receiving a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (January–June 2022)
The following is a timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom from January to June 2022.

There are significant differences in the legislation and the reporting between the countries of the UK: England, Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Wales. The numbers of cases and deaths are reported on a government Web site updated daily during the pandemic. The UK-wide COVID Symptom Study based on surveys of four million participants, endorsed by authorities in Scotland and Wales, run by health science company ZOE, and analysed by King's College London researchers, publishes daily estimates of the number of new and total current COVID-19 infections (excluding care homes) in UK regions, without restriction to only laboratory-confirmed cases.

William Wragg
William Peter Wragg (born 11 December 1987), is a British politician who served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Hazel Grove in Greater Manchester from 2015 to 2024. As a member of the Conservative Party, he previously served as a vice-chairman of its 1922 Committee. From April 2024 until parliament was dissolved in May 2024, he sat as an independent.
Pēteris Barisons
Pēteris Barisons (Sēlpils, 18 April 1904 — 13 July 1947) was a Latvian late romantic composer noted specially for his vocal output, which remain his most performed works. A disciple of Ernests Vīgners and Jānis Mediņš, in 1945 he was appointed a professor at the Latvian Conservatory, but he died just two years later, leaving a third symphony uncompleted.

He was also active in conducting, which he studied under Jāzeps Vītols, briefly taking charge of the Latvian National Symphony for the 1936–37 season, and he premiered his Symphony No. 1 himself.

Sēlpils
Sēlpils is a village in Sēlpils Parish, Jēkabpils Municipality in the Selonia region of Latvia, about 9 km from the historical Sēlpils hillfort, where the village of Vecsēlpils ("old Sēlpils") is located now.
Bill Wiley
William D. Wiley (born 1971) is an American politician and member of the Republican Party. In 2020 he was elected to the Virginia House of Delegates. He represents the 32nd district, comprising the city of Winchester, and parts of Warren and Frederick Counties in Virginia. Before his election to the House of Delegates, Wiley spent six years on the Winchester City Council.

Virginia's 32nd House of Delegates district
Virginia's 32nd House of Delegates district elects one of 100 seats in the Virginia House of Delegates, the lower house of the state's bicameral legislature. District 32, in Loudoun County, has been represented by David Reid since 2018. According to the 2010 census, the thirty-second district has a population of 80,268 with 56,252 registered voters.
Çoban Yıldızı power stations
The Çoban Yıldızı power stations are 2 autoproducer coal-fired power stations in Turkey in Konya province owned by Konya Sugar which is in turn owned by Anadolu Birlik Holding.

The one licensed EÜ/4969-46/2746 is called Çumra and according to the licence database it is in Çumra but no coordinates are given. The company calls it Çobanyıldızı.

The one licensed  EÜ/5603-8/03299  is also called Çumra and the licence database gives its coordinates in Cumra.

The company website is unclear whether one is at their sugar factory in Konya city.

Konya Province
Konya Province (Turkish: Konya ili) is a province and metropolitan municipality in southwest Central Anatolia, Turkey. Its area is 40,838 km2, making it the largest province by area, and its population is 2,296,347 (2022). The provincial capital is the city of Konya. Its traffic code is 42.

The Kızılören solar power plant in Konya will be able to produce 22.5 megawatts of electricity over an area of 430,000 square meters.
Vito (horse)
Vito (foaled 1925) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse best known for winning the 1928 Belmont Stakes, the third and oldest leg of the U.S. Triple Crown series. Bred and raced by Alfred H. Cosden, he was sired by Negofol, a French colt owned by American William K. Vanderbilt, who won the 1909 French Derby. His dam was Forever, a daughter of two-time American Champion Older Male Horse Ballot.

Vito was conditioned for racing by future U.S. Racing Hall of Fame inductee  Max Hirsch. As a two-year-old, Vito won the prestigious Grand Union Hotel Stakes at Saratoga Race Course.

Prix du Jockey Club
The Prix du Jockey Club, sometimes referred to as the French Derby, is a Group 1 flat horse race in France open to three-year-old thoroughbred colts and fillies. It is run at Chantilly over a distance of 2,100 metres (about 1 mile and 2½ furlongs) each year in early June.
Klimontów, Jędrzejów County
Klimontów [kliˈmɔntuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sędziszów, within Jędrzejów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 8 km (5 mi) south of Sędziszów, 23 km (14 mi) south-west of Jędrzejów, and 58 km (36 mi) south-west of the regional capital Kielce.

Jędrzejów County
Jędrzejów County (Polish: powiat jędrzejowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, south-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Jędrzejów, which lies 36 kilometres (22 mi) south-west of the regional capital Kielce. The county also contains the towns of Sędziszów, lying 18 km (11 mi) west of Jędrzejów, and Małogoszcz, 21 km (13 mi) north of Jędrzejów.

The county covers an area of 1,257.17 square kilometres (485.4 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 84,049, out of which the population of Jędrzejów is 15,076, that of Sędziszów is 6,451, that of Małogoszcz is 3,748, and the rural population is 58,774.
Mao Zedong Thought Flag
The Mao Zedong Thought Flag (Chinese: 毛泽东思想旗帜网; pinyin: máozédōng sīxiǎng qízhì wǎng; lit. 'Mao Zedong Thought Flag Website'), formerly the Mao Zedong Flag (Chinese: 毛泽东旗帜网; pinyin: máozédōng qízhì wǎng; lit. 'Mao Zedong Flag Website'), often short as the Maoflag (Chinese: 毛旗网; pinyin: máoqíwǎng; lit. 'Maoflag Website'), is a Maoist website based in China, which was established by Chinese Old Left and retired Chinese Communist Party (CCP) members. The website was forced to shut down several times.

The website, which runs largely on donations from members, is headquartered in a residential building, and has expressed support for labor movements, including the workers in the Tonghua Iron and Steel Group riot.

Tonghua Iron and Steel Group riot
The Tonghua Iron and Steel Group riot was a riot incident that took place in Tonghua, Jilin, People's Republic of China on July 24, 2009. Angry workers rioted after news of a major company layoff. About 100 people were injured in the clash including a corporate executive who was beaten to death in the event.
On the Cruelty of Really Teaching Computer Science
"On the Cruelty of Really Teaching Computing Science" is a 1988 scholarly article by E. W. Dijkstra which argues that computer programming should be understood as a branch of mathematics, and that the formal provability of a program is a major criterion for correctness.

Despite the title, most of the article is on Dijkstra’s attempt to put computer science into a wider perspective within science, teaching being addressed as a corollary at the end.
Specifically, Dijkstra made a “proposal for an introductory programming course for freshmen” that
consisted of Hoare logic as an uninterpreted formal system.

Formal system
A formal system (or deductive system) is an abstract structure and formalization of an axiomatic system used for deducing, using rules of inference, theorems from axioms.

In 1921, David Hilbert proposed to use formal systems as the foundation of knowledge in mathematics.
However, in 1931 Kurt Gödel proved that any consistent formal system sufficiently powerful to express basic arithmetic cannot prove its own completeness. This effectively showed that Hilbert's program was impossible as stated.

The term formalism is sometimes a rough synonym for formal system, but it also refers to a given style of notation, for example, Paul Dirac's bra–ket notation.
Willy Canchanya
Willy Canchanya (born 28 June 1991) is a Peruvian middle-distance and long-distance runner. In 2018, he competed in the men's half marathon at the 2018 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships held in Valencia, Spain. He finished in 27th place.

In 2018, he won the silver medal in the men's 1500 metres event at the 2018 South American Games held in Cochabamba, Bolivia. In the same year, he also competed in the 2018 Berlin Marathon held in Berlin, Germany.

In 2019, he competed in the men's marathon event at the 2019 Pan American Games held in Lima, Peru. He finished in 6th place with a time of 2:13:22.

2019 Pan American Games
The 2019 Pan American Games (Spanish: Juegos Panamericanos de 2019), officially the XVIII Pan American Games (Spanish: XVIII Juegos Panamericanos) and commonly known as Lima 2019, were a multi-sport event governed by the Panam Sports Organization held in Lima, Peru from July 26 to August 11, 2019, with preliminary rounds in certain events having begun on July 24, 2019. These were the first Pan American Games to be held in Peru, and the seventh to be held in South America.

The opening ceremony took place on July 26 at the National Stadium of Peru, and the Games were declared open by former Peruvian President Martín Vizcarra. These Pan American Games were held at venues in and around Lima, and are the largest sporting event ever hosted by the country.
2018–19 Basketball Championship of Bosnia and Herzegovina
The 2018–19 Basketball Championship of Bosnia and Herzegovina was the 18th season of this championship, with 11 teams from Bosnia and Herzegovina participating in it. Zrinjski was the defending champion. Široki won its tenth league title.

HKK Široki
Hrvatski košarkaški klub Široki (transl. Croat Basketball Club Široki), commonly referred to as HKK Široki or simply Široki, is a men's professional basketball club based in Široki Brijeg, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The team currently competes in the Basketball Championship of Bosnia and Herzegovina. With eleven Bosnia and Herzegovina Championship and nine Cups of Bosnia and Herzegovina won Široki is the most successful basketball team in the country.
HMS Jersey (1698)
HMS Jersey was a 50-gun fourth rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, one of eight such ships authorised by the Navy Board on 24 December 1695 to be newly built (six by commercial contract and two in the Royal Dockyards); the others were the Hampshire, Dartmouth, Salisbury, Winchester, Worcester, Carlisle and Tilbury. The contract for the Jersey was signed with shipbuilder Joseph Nye (and his partner, timber merchant George Moore) on 31 July 1696, for the ship to be built in his yard at East Cowes on the Isle of Wight for a contract price of £8-2-6d per ton, and she was launched there on 24 November 1698.

She was converted to serve as a hulk at Plymouth Dockyard in August 1731, and was deliberately sunk there on 27 May 1763.

Fourth-rate
In the rating system of the Royal Navy, a fourth-rate was a ship of the line with two gun decks which mounted between 46 and 60 guns. They served in all conflicts the Royal Navy participated in during the early modern period until they were gradually phased out of active service during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, as their usefulness was declining; though fourth-rates often remained in service on distant stations such as the East Indies. Several fourth-rates were created by razeeing larger ships of the line, and occasionally from East Indiamen such as HMS Calcutta.
Evangelical Reformed Church of the Canton of St. Gallen
The Evangelical-Reformed Church of the Canton of St. Gallen is a Reformed state cantonal church in the canton of St. Gallen.

The church was founded in 1803. It has in 2004 122,500 members and 55 congregations served by 120 pastors. Congregations are in St. Gallen, Goldach, Rorschach, Gossau, Gaiserwald, Thal-Lutzenberg, Rheineck, St. Marghrete, Balbach, Marbach, Rebstein, Altstätten, Salez-Haag, Uznach, Sevelen, Eichberg, Sax-Frümsen, Wil, Krinau, Flavil and others in St. Gallen. The Church has links with the Evangelical Church in Liechtenstein.

The headquarters of the church are in St. Gallen, Toggenburg and Rheintal
The church has Presbyterian-Synodal church government.

Member of the Federation of Swiss Protestant Churches. Women ordination is allowed. Blessing of same-sex unions is allowed.

Wil
Wil (German pronunciation: [viːl]) is a town and political municipality in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland. It has a small-town character and is an important center for the west of the canton, lower Toggenburg and  Hinterthurgau. Wil had a population of 25,176 by the end of 2024. With 74,550 inhabitants (according to the FSO), the agglomeration of Wil is the second-largest conurbation in Eastern Switzerland. The former political municipality of Bronschhofen has been part of the town of Wil since 1 January 2013. For more than 500 years, the prince-abbots of St. Gallen resided in the "Hof" of Wil; Wil is also called "Abbots Town" ("Äbtestadt") and is the third largest city in the canton of St. Gallen, after St. Gallen and Rapperswil-Jona.

In 1984, Wil was awarded the Wakker Prize for the development and preservation of its architectural heritage.
Beigong Chun
Beigong Chun (died c.September 318) was a military general of the Jin dynasty (266–420) and Han-Zhao dynasty during the Sixteen Kingdoms period. He was a subordinate of the Inspector of Liang province, Zhang Gui who led cavalry from Liang to help lift the siege of the Jin capital, Luoyang by Han-Zhao forces in 308 and 309. After the Disaster of Yongjia, he surrendered to Han and became an official before he was killed during Jin Zhun's rebellion in 318.

Zhang Gui
Zhang Gui (Chinese: 張軌, 255–314) was the governor of Liang province and first Duke of Xiping under the Western Jin.  He was the seventeenth generation descendant of Zhang Er, the King of Changshan from the Chu–Han Contention era. In 301, he was appointed governor of Liang province. In 313, he was granted the title Duke of Xiping. The following year, Zhang Gui died from an illness and his followers supported his eldest son Zhang Shi to continue the governor position.
Ropinirole
Ropinirole, sold under the brand name Requip among others, is a medication used to treat Parkinson's disease (PD) and restless legs syndrome (RLS). It is taken by mouth.

Common side effects include sleepiness, vomiting, and dizziness. Serious side effects may include pathological gambling, hypersexuality, low blood pressure with standing and hallucinations. Use in pregnancy and breastfeeding is of unclear safety. It is a dopamine agonist and works by triggering dopamine D2 receptors.

It was approved for medical use in the United States in 1997. It is available as a generic medication. In 2023, it was the 212th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 2 million prescriptions.

Oral administration
Oral administration is a route of administration whereby a substance is taken through the mouth, swallowed, and then processed via the digestive system. This is a common route of administration for many medications.

Oral administration can be easier and less painful than other routes of administration, such as injection.  However, the onset of action is relatively low, and the effectiveness is reduced if it is not absorbed properly in the digestive system, or if it is broken down by digestive enzymes before it can reach the bloodstream. Some medications may cause gastrointestinal side effects, such as nausea or vomiting, when taken orally. Oral administration can also only be applied to conscious patients, and patients able to swallow.
Gigantes Islands
Islas de Gigantes (Spanish: Gigantes Islands lit: Giants' Islands) (variously Islas Gigantes, Higantes group, or Gigantes group) is an island chain within the larger Western Visayas archipelago in the Visayan Sea. It is part of the municipality of Carles in the northernmost part of Iloilo province, Philippines. The Gigantes Islands consist of about ten islands; the two largest are Gigantes Norte (North Gigantes) and Gigantes Sur (South Gigantes). According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 14,332 residents. There is also a lighthouse on Gigantes Norte.

Visayan Sea
The Visayan Sea is a sea in the Philippines surrounded by the islands of the Visayas. It is bounded by the islands Masbate to the north, Panay to the west, Leyte to the east, and Cebu and Negros to the south.

The sea is connected to several bodies of water: the Sibuyan Sea to the northwest via the Jintotolo Channel, the Samar Sea to the northeast, the Guimaras Strait to the southwest which leads to Panay Gulf, the Tañon Strait to the south, and the Camotes Sea to the southeast.

The largest island within this sea is Bantayan Island of Cebu province.

The sea is a major fishing ground for sardines, mackerel, and herring the Philippines. In 2020, the Western Visayas accounts for 20 percent of sardines total production in the Philippines. The sea covers an area of roughly 10,000 km2 (3,900 sq mi) with 22 municipalities along its coastline. A closed season is imposed annually from November 15 to March 15 in portions of the sea through Fisheries Administrative Order (FAO) 167 since 1989.
Triennial 2019
The Triennial 2019, entitled Broken Nature: Design Takes on Human Survival, was the  22nd Triennial held in Milan from 1 March 2019 to 1 September 2019 at the Palazzo dell'Arte.
It was sanctioned by the Bureau of International Expositions (BIE) on 12 June 2018.

The exhibition that gives the event its name and theme was curated by Paola Antonelli with Ala Tannir, Laura Maeran, and Erica Petrillo. The international participations were solicited via official governmental channels.

The thematic exhibition Broken Nature  consisted of three major commissions as well as numerous loans. An ambitious public program of events––with conferences, panels, workshops, screenings, and performances–– complemented the XXII Triennale.

There were 21 participating countries.

Bureau International des Expositions
The Bureau International des Expositions (BIE; English: International Exhibitions Bureau) is an intergovernmental organization created to supervise international exhibitions (also known as expos, global expos or world expos) falling under the jurisdiction of the Convention Relating to International Exhibitions.
Skulhedface (video)
Skulhedface is a 1994 movie that was directed by Melanie Mandl. It is yet another story in Gwar's grand storyline (about the ne'er-do-well Scumdogs of the Universe), and the third to be released on video.

Sebastian Bach
Sebastian Philip Bierk (born April 3, 1968), known professionally as Sebastian Bach, is a Canadian singer who achieved mainstream success as the frontman of the hard rock band Skid Row from 1987 to 1996. He has acted on Broadway and has made appearances in film and television such as Trailer Park Boys, The Masked Singer and Gilmore Girls. He continues his music career as a solo artist.
Sir Henry Preston, 3rd Baronet
Sir Henry Jacob Preston, 3rd Baronet (15 September 1851 – 9 January 1897) was an English soldier, magistrate and footballer. He represented England in the second representative football match against Scotland in November 1870.

Ashmanhaugh
Ashmanhaugh is a village and civil parish in the English county of Norfolk, located around 20 miles (32 km) north-east of Norwich. Apart from Ashmanhaugh village, the parish also includes Beeston St Lawrence, which was a separate parish until 1935.
Sydney Turner (priest)
Sydney Turner (2 April 1814 – 26 June 1879) was an Anglican clergyman, Dean of Ripon from December 1875  until March 1876.
He was born in 1814, the youngest son of the historian Sharon Turner, and educated at Trinity College, Cambridge. He was ordained in 1837 and became a curate at Christ Church, Southwark. He was for many years an Inspector of Industrial and Reformatory Schools. He was Chaplain to the Philanthropic Society for the reformation of juvenile offenders from 1842 to 1857. An Inspector of prisons from 1858 to 1867, in 1858 he delivered a sermon to open the meeting of the National Association for the Promotion of Social Science. He was Rector of Hempsted from 1867 to 1875, and again (after his brief spell as Dean of Ripon) from 1876 until his death

He died on 26 June 1879.

National Association for the Promotion of Social Science
The National Association for the Promotion of Social Science (NAPSS), often known as the Social Science Association, was a British reformist group founded in 1857 by Lord Brougham. It pursued issues in public health, industrial relations, penal reform, and female education. It was dissolved in 1886.