hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chiefs of Staff Committee (Canada)
The Chiefs of Staff Committee was a 1951–1964 committee comprising the heads of the three military services then in Canada: the Royal Canadian Navy, the Canadian Army and the Royal Canadian Air Force. The Chiefs of Staff Committee consisted of the Chief of the Naval Staff, the Chief of the General Staff, the Chief of the Air Staff, and a Chairman who held a rank one level higher (full Air Chief Marshal, Admiral or General) than the service heads.

A 1964 white paper proposed significant changes to the command structure of Canada's armed forces. While unification of the Canadian Armed Forces was not completed until 1968, the Chiefs of Staff Committee was replaced in 1964 by the Armed Forces Council, and the position of Chairman was replaced by the position of Chief of the Defence Staff with greatly expanded powers and functions.

Commander of the Royal Canadian Air Force
Commander of the Royal Canadian Air Force (French: commandant de l'Aviation royale canadienne) is the title of the institutional head of the Royal Canadian Air Force. This appointment also includes the title of Chief of the Air Force Staff (C Air Force, French: Chef d'état-major de la Force aérienne, CEMFA) and is based at National Defence Headquarters in Ottawa, Ontario.
Isaac Korir
Isaac Korir (born 26 August 1990) is a Kenyan-born Bahraini long-distance runner. He has competed in competitions such as the Arab Athletics Championships, Asian Games, IAAF World Half Marathon Championships and the IAAF World Cross Country Championships, before 2013 for Kenya and after that for Bahrain.

Arab Athletics Championships
The Arab Athletics Championships (Arabic: البطولة العربية لألعاب القوى) is an event organized by the Arab Athletics Federation. It traditionally occurred every two years. It was not held in 1985 due to the schedule clash with the Pan Arab Games. However, due to the erratic scheduling of the games, both the athletics championships and games athletics competition have been held in the same year on several occasions since 1997. Typically, the championships is rescheduled to earlier in the year as a result. Women's events have been present on the programme since the second edition in 1979. The programme is usually combined although the women competed separately from the men for the tenth edition of the tournament, which was split between 1997 and 1998.
Kang Zhang
Kang Zhang (Chinese: 张康) is a Chinese-American ophthalmologist specializing in ophthalmic genetics and aging processes in the eye. He is currently a professor of the Faculty of Medicine at Macau University of Science and Technology. He was previously a professor of ophthalmology and the founding director of the Institute for Genomic Medicine at the University of California, San Diego, but after being involved in controversies including unethnical behavior and "objectional conditions" at UCSD, which prompted an FDA probe that barred Zhang from "overseeing human research studies" in 2017, as well as undisclosed and questionable ties to Chinese companies Zhang moved to China. Zhang is particularly known for his controversies and for his work on lanosterol, stem cell research (particularly limbal stem cells), gene editing, and artificial intelligence.

American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering
The American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering (AIMBE) is a non-profit organization founded in 1991, and headquartered in Washington, D.C. It represents 50,000 medical and biomedical engineers, and academic institutions, private industry, and professional engineering societies.
Baseball Factory
Baseball Factory, Inc. is a United States company specializing in player development and college placement of high school baseball players. The company is headquartered in Columbia, Maryland, approximately 20 miles southwest of Baltimore. Over six hundred events, across all 50 states, are hosted by Baseball Factory throughout the year, ranging from national tryouts to camps, tournaments and showcases. As of 2017, Baseball Factory has helped over 100,000 baseball players compete at the college level, garnering more than $1 billion in scholarships.

Baseball Factory was founded in 1994 by CEO Steve Sclafani, to provide a service that would train and educate players on the college recruiting process. In 2004, Baseball Factory acquired Team One Baseball, a baseball company for top-flight showcases. Baseball Factory provides high school baseball players with professional instruction, showcase opportunities, tournaments, and ongoing guidance in the college recruiting process.

Columbia, Maryland
Columbia is a planned community in Howard County, Maryland, United States, consisting of 10 self-contained villages. With a population of 104,681 at the 2020 census, it is the second-most-populous community in Maryland, after Baltimore. Columbia, located between Baltimore and Washington, D.C., is part of the Baltimore metropolitan area and is tracked by the United States Census Bureau as a census-designated place. Columbia proper consists only of territory governed by the Columbia Association, a not-for-profit management company. The United States Postal Service also uses the name for other communities that predate Columbia, including Simpsonville and Atholton; the Census Bureau also counts part of Clarksville as Columbia.

Developer James Rouse founded Columbia in 1967, aiming to create a community that would avoid the inconveniences of then-current subdivision design; eliminate racial, religious and class segregation; and reduce leapfrog and spot zoning development.
Vrededorp, Gauteng
Vrededorp is a suburb of Johannesburg, South Africa. It is located in Region F of the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality. Vrededorp is situated  on the North-Western side of Johannesburg and is 1,764 m (5,788 ft) above sea level.

The adjacent suburb of Pageview, along with the part of Vrededorp populated by non-whites, south of 11th Street, were commonly and onomatopoeically known as "Fietas" after the Men's Outfitters that traded from 14th street in Vrededorp - hence "Fitters" and "Fittas" or, as commonly spelled, "Fietas". The then well-known 14th street was the area's business lane where everybody from across Johannesburg met to snatch up bargains. Most shopkeepers stayed in apartments on top of their shops.

Vrededorp is sometimes incorrectly regarded as being synonymous with Fietas, however, the bulk of Vrededorp (unlike Pageview) was always a white area, and not a part of Fietas.

City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality
The City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality (Zulu: UMasipala weDolobhakazi laseGoli) is a metropolitan municipality that manages the local governance of Johannesburg, the largest city in South Africa. It is divided into several branches and departments in order to expedite services for the city. Zulu is the most spoken home language at 23.4% followed by English at 20.1%.

Johannesburg is a divided municipality: the poor mostly live in the southern suburbs or on the peripheries of the far north, and the middle and upper class live largely in the suburbs of the center and north. As of 2012, unemployment was near 25% and most young people were out of work. Around 20% of the municipality lives in abject poverty in informal settlements that lack proper roads, electricity, or any other kind of direct municipal service.
Tsurugizan Taniemon
Tsurugizan Taniemon (劔山 谷右衛門, 1803 – October 17, 1854) was a sumo wrestler from Toyama City, Japan. His highest rank was ōzeki. He won six tournament championships on an unofficial basis, before the yūshō system was established and was offered, but rejected, a yokozuna licence.

Toyama (city)
Toyama (富山市, Toyama-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [toꜜ.ja.ma, to.ja.maꜜ.ɕi]) is the capital city of Toyama Prefecture, Japan, located on the coast of the Sea of Japan in the Chūbu region on central Honshū, about 200 km (120 mi) north of the city of Nagoya and 300 km (190 mi) northwest of Tokyo. As of 1 June 2019, the city had an estimated population of 415,844 in 176,643 households, and a population density of 335 persons per km2. Its total area was 1,241.77 square kilometres (479.45 sq mi). The city has been designated an environmental model city by the national government for its efforts to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases.
Benzvalene
Benzvalene is an organic compound and one of several isomers of benzene. It was first synthesized in 1967 by K. E. Wilzbach et al.  via photolysis of benzene and the synthesis was later improved by Thomas J. Katz et al.

The 1971 synthesis consisted of treating cyclopentadiene with methyllithium in dimethyl ether and then with dichloromethane and methyllithium in dimethyl ether at −45 °C.  It can also be formed in low yield (along with fulvene and Dewar benzene) by irradiation of benzene at 237 to 254 nm.  The hydrocarbon in solution was described as having an extremely foul odor. Due to the high steric strain present in benzvalene, the pure compound (~71 kcal/mol higher in energy than benzene) easily detonates, for example by scratching.

The compound converts to benzene with a chemical half-life of approximately 10 days. This symmetry-forbidden transition is believed to take place through a diradical intermediate.

Methyllithium
Methyllithium is the simplest organolithium reagent, with the empirical formula LiCH3. This s-block organometallic compound adopts an oligomeric structure both in solution and in the solid state. This highly reactive compound, invariably used in solution with an ether as the solvent, is a reagent in organic synthesis as well as organometallic chemistry. Operations involving methyllithium require anhydrous conditions, because the compound is highly reactive towards water. Oxygen and carbon dioxide are also incompatible with MeLi. Methyllithium is usually not prepared, but purchased as a solution in various ethers.
2025 Hollywood Casino 400
The 2025 Hollywood Casino 400 was a NASCAR Cup Series race that was held on September 28, 2025, at Kansas Speedway in Kansas City, Kansas. Contested over 273 laps, extended from 267 laps due to an overtime finish, on the 1.5 mi (2.4 km) intermediate speedway, it was the 31st race of the 2025 NASCAR Cup Series season, the fifth race of the Playoffs, and the second race of the Round of 12.

Chase Elliott won the race. Denny Hamlin finished 2nd, and Christopher Bell finished 3rd. Chase Briscoe and Bubba Wallace rounded out the top five, and Kyle Larson, Tyler Reddick, Brad Keselowski, William Byron, and Shane van Gisbergen rounded out the top ten.

Green–white–checkered finish
In North American auto racing, a green–white–checker finish (GWC) is a racing restart procedure in which the race is restarted from a caution period with 2 laps remaining. When the race distance is extended to accommodate such a finish, it is also sometimes known as an overtime finish. The name alludes to three racing flags:

Green flag: shown to start or restart the race

White flag: shown at the start of the last lap

Checkered flag: shown at the finish of the race

The prescribed number of final laps is usually two. If a caution flag is shown within the specified number of laps of the scheduled finish, then the number of remaining laps will not be decremented until the green flag is shown again. The exact provisions vary between organizations. For some years after 2007, NASCAR on Fox referred to the extra laps after the scheduled number as Overdrive, an allusion to the term overtime used in many other sports. NASCAR officially adopted the term "NASCAR Overtime" in 2016.
Afonso Van-Dúnem
Afonso Van-Dúnem aka M'Binda (7 September 1941 – 14 November 2014) was an Angolan politician. Van-Dúnem worked as the MPLA-Workers' Party representative in Zambia and Tanzania from 1970 to 1972, as well as being elected to the Central Committee of the MPLA from 1976 onwards. He was also Minister of External Relations from 1985 to 1989 and Permanent Representative to the United Nations from 1991 to 2000.

MPLA
The People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (Portuguese: Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola, abbr. MPLA), from 1977 to 1990 called the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola – Labour Party (Portuguese: Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola – Partido do Trabalho), is an Angolan social democratic political party. The MPLA fought against the Portuguese Army in the Angolan War of Independence from 1961 to 1974, and defeated the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) and the National Liberation Front of Angola (FNLA) in the Angolan Civil War, which has been described as "one of the longest, most brutal and deadliest wars of the last century." The party has ruled Angola since the country's independence from Portugal in 1975, being the de facto government throughout the civil war and continuing to rule afterwards.
Thorium oxalate
Thorium oxalate is the inorganic compound with the formula Th(C2O4)2(H2O)4. It is a white insoluble solid prepared by the reaction of thorium(IV) salts with oxalic acid. The material is a coordination polymer. Each Th(IV) center is bound to 10 oxygen centers: eight provided by the bridging oxalates and two by a pair of aquo ligands. Two additional waters of hydration are observed in the lattice.

The solubility product (Ksp) of thorium oxalate is 5.01 × 10−25. The density of anhydrous thorium oxalate is 4.637 g/cm3.

Water of crystallization
In chemistry, water(s) of crystallization or water(s) of hydration are water molecules that are present inside crystals. Water is often incorporated in the formation of crystals from aqueous solutions. In some contexts, water of crystallization is the total mass of water in a substance at a given temperature and is mostly present in a definite (stoichiometric) ratio. Classically, "water of crystallization" refers to water that is found in the crystalline framework of a metal complex or a salt, which is not directly bonded to the metal cation.

Upon crystallization from water, or water-containing solvents, many compounds incorporate water molecules in their crystalline frameworks. Water of crystallization can generally be removed by heating a sample but the crystalline properties are often lost.

Compared to inorganic salts, proteins crystallize with large amounts of water in the crystal lattice. A water content of 50% is not uncommon for proteins.
Colin Davidson (artist)
Colin Davidson (born 1968) is a Northern Irish visual artist, living and working near Belfast, Northern Ireland.  An artist who works in themes, his recent large-scale head paintings have been exhibited worldwide. Since 2021, he has been Chancellor of Ulster University.

Ulster Museum
The Ulster Museum, located in the Botanic Gardens in Belfast, has around 8,000 square metres (90,000 sq. ft.) of public display space, featuring material from the collections of fine art and applied art, archaeology, ethnography, treasures from the Spanish Armada, local history, numismatics, industrial archaeology, botany, zoology and geology. It is the largest museum in Northern Ireland, and one of the components of National Museums Northern Ireland.
2027 French presidential election
Presidential elections are scheduled to be held in France in April 2027, with a second round two weeks later if no candidate secures a majority vote. The elections may be held earlier under exceptional circumstances if the presidency falls vacant before then. The incumbent president, Emmanuel Macron, is not eligible to stand, as the French constitution limits presidents to two consecutive terms.

Deputy (France)
Deputies (French: députés and députées, pronounced [depyte] ⓘ), also known in English as members of Parliament (MPs), are the legislators who sit in the National Assembly, the lower house of the French Parliament. The 17th and current legislature of the Fifth Republic has a total of 577 deputies, elected in 577 constituencies across metropolitan (539) and overseas France (27), as well as for French residents overseas (11).
2022 American Athletic Conference men's basketball tournament
The 2022 American Athletic Conference men's basketball tournament was held March 10–13, 2022, at Dickies Arena in Fort Worth, Texas. All games of the tournament were televised by ESPN Inc. The winner of the tournament, the Houston Cougars, received the conference's automatic bid to the 2022 NCAA tournament.

ESPN Inc.
ESPN Inc. is an American multinational sports media conglomerate founded by Bill Rasmussen on September 7, 1979 and currently majority-owned by the Walt Disney Company via indirect subsidiary ABC Inc. as one of its three major business segments, with Hearst Communications and the National Football League as equity stakeholders.

Currently headed by executive James Pitaro since March 5, 2018, it owns and operates the ESPN-branded cable television, satellite television and streaming media channels and services including ESPN itself, ESPN DTC, ESPN+, ESPN2, ESPNU, ESPNews, ESPN Deportes, ESPN Radio, ESPN.com, ACC Network, SEC Network, 20% of TSN and the sports division of ABC. It also operates the international variants of ESPN via ESPN International.

Programming on its television networks include broadcasts of live or tape-delayed sporting events and sports-related programming including talk shows and original documentary series and films.
German submarine U-776
German submarine U-776 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.

She was ordered on 21 November 1940, and was laid down on 4 March 1943, at Kriegsmarinewerft, Wilhelmshaven, as yard number 159. She was launched on 4 March 1944, and commissioned under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Lothar Martin on 13 April 1944.

Oberleutnant zur See
Oberleutnant zur See (OLt zS or OLZS in the German Navy, Oblt.z.S. in the Kriegsmarine) is traditionally the highest rank of Lieutenant in the German Navy. It is grouped as OF-1 in NATO.

The rank was introduced in the Imperial German Navy by renaming the former rank of Premier Lieutenant in 1890. Within the navy, officers of this rank were simply addressed as Herr Oberleutnant. To distinguish naval officers from those of the army, the suffix zur See (at sea) was added in official communications, sometimes shortened to z.S. (Oblt.z.S.). The rank has since been used by the Reichsmarine, Kriegsmarine, and Bundesmarine.  In the Volksmarine, the rank was originally used in the same way until the suffix zur See was dropped. In the Kriegsmarine, engineers (Ingenieur – Ing.) of the same rank were distinguished as Oberleutnant (Ing.).
Aleksandr Vodovatov
Aleksandr Vodovatov is a Soviet sprint canoer who competed from the early to mid-1980s. He won six medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with two golds (K-4 500 m: 1981, 1982), three silvers (K-4 500 m: 1983, 1985; K-4 1000 m: 1985), and a bronze (K-4 1000 m: 1983).

1985 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships
The 1985 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships were held in Mechelen, Belgium.

The men's competition consisted of six canoe (single paddle, open boat) and nine kayak events. Three events were held for the women, all in kayak.

This was the nineteenth championships in canoe sprint.
James D. Montgomery (attorney)
James D. Montgomery Sr. (born February 17, 1932, in Louise, Mississippi) is a prominent African-American attorney in Chicago and one of the Trustees for the University of Illinois.

Montgomery previously served as Corporation Counsel for the City of Chicago under Mayor Harold Washington.

Harold Washington
Harold Lee Washington (April 15, 1922 – November 25, 1987) was an American lawyer and politician who was the 51st mayor of Chicago. In April 1983, Washington became the first African American to be elected as the city's mayor at the age of 60. He served as mayor from April 29, 1983, until his death in 1987. Born in Chicago and raised in the Bronzeville neighborhood, Washington became involved in local 3rd Ward politics under Chicago Alderman and future Congressman Ralph Metcalfe after graduating from Roosevelt University and Northwestern University School of Law. Washington was a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1981 to 1983, representing Illinois's first district. Washington had previously served in the Illinois House of Representatives from 1965 to 1976 and the Illinois State Senate from 1977 to 1980. A 1994 survey of experts on Chicago politics assessed Washington the third-best mayor in the city's history up to that time.
Sir Charles Lewis, 1st Baronet
Sir Charles Edward Lewis, 1st Baronet (25 December 1825 – 10 February 1893) was an English Conservative politician who sat in the House of Commons in two periods between 1872 and 1892.

Lewis was the son of Rev. George William Lewis who was minister of the Chapel of Ease at Ramsgate and his wife Caroline (née Concanen). He became a solicitor in 1847 and retired as a solicitor in 1876.

In 1872 Lewis was elected member of parliament for Londonderry. He held the seat until 1886. After the 1886 general election, he was unseated on petition. He was created baronet of Brighton in the County of Sussex on 6 April 1887.  Also in 1887 he was elected MP for Antrim North and held the seat until 1892.

Lewis died at the age of 67.

Lewis married Isabella Ellison, daughter of Richard Annesley Ellison, merchant of Bristol, in 1850.

Ramsgate
Ramsgate is a seaside port town and civil parish in the district of Thanet in eastern Kent, England. It was one of the great English seaside towns of the 19th century. In 2021 it had a population of 42,027. Ramsgate's main attraction is its coastline, and its main industries are tourism and fishing. The town has one of the largest marinas on the English south coast, and the Port of Ramsgate  provided cross-channel ferries for many years.
USTA Tennis Classic of Troy
The USTA Tennis Classic of Troy was a tournament for professional female tennis players played on outdoor hardcourts. The event was classified as a $25,000 ITF Women's Circuit tournament. It was held annually in Troy, Alabama, United States from 2003 to 2012. The tournament was a $50,000 tournament until its last edition in 2012 where it was downgraded to $25,000.

Troy, Alabama
Troy is a city in and the county seat of Pike County, Alabama, United States. It was formally incorporated on February 4, 1843.

Between  1763 and 1783, the area where Troy sits was part of the colony of British West Florida. After 1783, the region fell under the jurisdiction of the newly created United States of America.

As of the 2020 census, its population was 17,727, down from 18,033 in 2010. The 2022 estimated population was 17,774. The City of Troy had previously been considered one of the fastest-growing cities in Alabama. Troy is home to Troy University, the fourth-largest university in total enrollment in Alabama.
Murray Monolith
Murray Monolith is a detached part of Torlyn Mountain in Mac.Robertson Land, Antarctica. It is a steep massif of metasedimentary gneiss and granitic origin, with the adjacent coastline consisting of 40 m high ice cliffs. The monolith is dome-shaped with steep sides, rising to a seaward summit of 339 m and an inland summit of 363 m at Torlyn Mountain.

Gneiss
Gneiss (/naɪs/ NYSE) is a common and widely distributed type of metamorphic rock. It is formed by high-temperature and high-pressure metamorphic processes acting on formations composed of igneous or sedimentary rocks. This rock is formed under pressures ranging from 2 to 15 kbar, sometimes even more, and temperatures over 300 °C (572 °F). Gneiss nearly always shows a banded texture characterized by alternating darker and lighter colored bands and without a distinct cleavage.

Gneisses are common in the ancient crust of continental shields. Some of the oldest rocks on Earth are gneisses, such as the Acasta Gneiss.