hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Phoebodontiformes
Phoebodontiformes is an extinct group of elasmobranchs (sensu lato), known from the Devonian and Carboniferous periods. It includes the genera Phoebodus, Diademodus and Thrinacodus. Phoebodus and Thrinacodus have slender, elongate bodies. Their teeth are tricuspate (bearing three cusps). Some studies have recovered the group as paraphyletic.

Jalodus and other members of the family Jalodontidae, which range from the Devonian to the Triassic, were formerly included in this order, but have subsequently been assigned to their own order, the Jalodontiformes.

Sensu
Sensu is a Latin word meaning "in the sense of". It is used in a number of fields including biology, geology, linguistics, semiotics, and law. Commonly it refers to how strictly or loosely an expression is used in describing any particular concept, but it also appears in expressions that indicate the convention or context of the usage.
Ahmadagha Mughanly
Ahmadagha Akbar oghlu Gurbanov (Azerbaijani: Əhmədağa Əkbər oğlu Qurbanov, May 10, 1926 – August 4, 2001) was an Azerbaijani writer, screenwriter, a member of the Union of Azerbaijani Writers, a member of the Cinematographers' Union, a laureate of the State Prize of the Azerbaijan SSR (1986), an Honored Worker of Culture (1991).

Union of Azerbaijani Writers
The Union of Azerbaijani Writers (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan Yazıçılar Birliyi) is the largest public organization of Azerbaijani writers, poets and publicists. It has over 1500 members at present. It was founded on June 13, 1934, when Azerbaijan was a part of the Soviet Union as the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic.
Bob Petrella
Robert Francis Petrella (born November 7, 1944) is an American former professional football defensive back in the American Football League (AFL) and National Football League (NFL) who played for the Miami Dolphins. He played college football for the Tennessee Volunteers. He was selected by the Minnesota Vikings in the 12th round of the 1966 NFL draft with the 181st overall pick. In addition, he was selected by the Dolphins in the eighth round of the 1966 NFL draft with the 64th overall pick. He was on Miami's roster for their inaugural season in 1966. Petrella played in six seasons for the Dolphins, recording five interceptions.

1966 NFL draft
The 1966 NFL draft was held at the Summit Hotel in New York City on Saturday, November 27, 1965.

The expansion Atlanta Falcons were awarded the first pick in each round as well as the final pick in each of the first five rounds.  The first overall selection was Tommy Nobis, a linebacker from Texas. The league also provided the Falcons with an expansion draft six weeks later.

This was the last draft in which the NFL and the AFL selected their players separate of one another. As a result, most players drafted  by teams from both leagues chose to play for the more established NFL, but not all. Similar to 1965, the AFL draft was held on the same day. After the merger agreement in June 1966, a common draft was held in March 1967.
Difference engine
A difference engine is an automatic mechanical calculator designed to tabulate polynomial functions. It was designed in the 1820s, and was created by Charles Babbage. The name difference engine is derived from the method of finite differences, a way to interpolate or tabulate functions by using a small set of polynomial co-efficients. Some of the most common mathematical functions used in engineering, science and navigation are built from logarithmic and trigonometric functions, which can be approximated by polynomials, so a difference engine can compute many useful tables.

Carry (arithmetic)
In elementary arithmetic, a carry is a digit that is transferred from one column of digits to another column of more significant digits. It is part of the standard algorithm to add numbers together by starting with the rightmost digits and working to the left. For example, when 6 and 7 are added to make 13, the "3" is written to the same column and the "1" is carried to the left. When used in subtraction the operation is called a borrow.

Carrying is emphasized in traditional mathematics, while curricula based on reform mathematics do not emphasize any specific method to find a correct answer.

Carrying makes a few appearances in higher mathematics as well. In computing, carrying is an important function of adder circuits.
Pleasant Grove High School
Pleasant Grove High School is the name of several educational institutions, including:

Pleasant Grove High School (Alabama), Pleasant Grove, Alabama

Pleasant Grove High School (California), Elk Grove, California

Pleasant Grove High School (Utah), Pleasant Grove, Utah

Pleasant Grove High School (Texas), Texarkana, Texas

Pleasant Grove High School, a former high school in the Pleasant Grove area of Dallas, Texas, succeeded by W. W. Samuell High School in 1955

Pleasant Grove High School (Alabama)
Pleasant Grove High School (PGHS) is a combined middle school and high school in the Birmingham, Alabama suburb of Pleasant Grove. It is one of fourteen high schools in the Jefferson County School System. School colors are purple and gold, and the athletic teams are called the Spartans. PGHS competes in AHSAA Class 4A athletics.
Point of Contact (novel)
Point of Contact (stylized as Tom Clancy Point of Contact, Tom Clancy: Point of Contact or Tom Clancy's Point of Contact in the United Kingdom) is a techno-thriller novel, written by Mike Maden and released on June 13, 2017. It is his first book in the Jack Ryan Jr. series, which is part of the Ryanverse featuring characters created by Tom Clancy.

The novel depicts Ryan as he helps avert a North Korean plot to crash the Asian stock market, along with his Hendley Associates colleague Paul Brown, in Singapore. It debuted at number 3 on the New York Times bestseller list.

Techno-thriller
A techno-thriller or technothriller is a hybrid genre drawing from science fiction, thrillers, spy fiction, action, and war novels. They are defined by a thriller style of narrative structure, but supported by an exceptional amount of technical details on their subject matter (typically military technology). The inner workings of technology and the mechanics of various disciplines (espionage, martial arts, politics) are thoroughly explored, and the plot often turns on the particulars of that exploration. This genre began to be distinguished from its parent genres in the early 20th century, receiving further developments and focus in the mid 20th century.
The Border (album)
The Border is the 75th solo studio album by American singer-songwriter Willie Nelson. It was released on May 31, 2024, through Legacy Recordings. Produced by Buddy Cannon, the album contains four original songs by Nelson and Cannon along with six songs from songwriters such as Rodney Crowell, Shawn Camp and Mike Reid.

The album's lead single and title track, a cover of Crowell and Allen Shamblin's song "The Border" from Crowell's 2019 album Texas, was released on March 14, 2024.

Rodney Crowell
Rodney Crowell (born August 7, 1950) is an American musician, known primarily for his work as a singer and songwriter in country music. Crowell has had five number one singles on Hot Country Songs, all from his 1988 album Diamonds & Dirt. He has also written songs and produced for other artists.

He was influenced by songwriters Guy Clark and Townes Van Zandt. Crowell played guitar and sang for three years in Emmylou Harris' Hot Band.

He has won two Grammy Awards in his career, one in 1990 for Best Country Song for the song "After All This Time" and one in 2014 Best Americana Album for his album Old Yellow Moon.
Molly (1778 ship)
Molly was launched at Liverpool in 1778 as a slave ship. Between 1778 and 1807 she made 18 complete voyages in the triangular trade in enslaved persons. During this period she also suffered one major maritime incident and captured two ships. After the end of Britain's involvement in the trans-Atlantic slave trade, Molly became a merchantman trading with the West Indies, Africa, Brazil, Nova Scotia, and Africa again. She was last listed in 1832, giving her a 54-year career.

Lloyd's List
Lloyd's List is one of the world's oldest continuously running journals, having provided weekly shipping news in London as early as 1734. It was published daily until 2013 (when the final print issue, number 60,850, was published), and is now published digitally.

Also known simply as The List, it was begun by Edward Lloyd, the proprietor of Lloyd's Coffee House, as a source of information for merchants' agents and insurance underwriters who met regularly in his establishment on Lombard Street to negotiate insurance coverage for trading vessels. It continues to provide this information in addition to marine insurance, offshore energy, logistics, market data, research, global trade and law information, and shipping news.
The Motor Bus
"The Motor Bus" is a macaronic poem by Alfred Denis Godley (1856–1925) written in 1914 in response to the introduction of motor buses in the city of Oxford. The poem pokes fun at the complexities of Latin grammar, treating the words "motor" and "bus" as though they were Latin nouns and declining them accordingly. Godley, a distinguished Classical scholar, wrote the poem during his tenure as Public Orator at the University of Oxford.

The poem's rhymes rely on the Latin words being read using the traditional English pronunciations, which were taught in British (and American) schools until well into the 20th century. "Motor" is treated as a noun of the third declension, while "bus" is treated as a noun of the second declension.

Second declension
The second declension is a category of nouns in Latin and Greek with similar case formation. In particular, these nouns are thematic, with an original o in most of their forms. In Classical Latin, the short o of the nominative and accusative singular became u.

Both Latin and Greek have two basic classes of second-declension nouns: masculine or feminine in one class, neuter in another. Most words of the former class have -us (Latin) or -ος -os (Greek) in the nominative singular, except for the r-stem nouns in Latin, and the "Attic" declension and contracted declension in Attic Greek (when these groups are considered part of this declension). The latter class, i.e. the neuter nominative/accusative singular, usually ends with -um in Latin and -ον (-on) in Greek, matching the accusative of the former. 
In Latin, the masculine words of the second declension that end with -us in the nominative case are differently declined from the latter in the vocative case: such words end with -e.
Sikensi
Sikensi is a town in southeastern Ivory Coast. It is a sub-prefecture of and the seat of Sikensi Department in Agnéby-Tiassa Region, Lagunes District. Sikensi is also a commune.

In 2021, the population of the sub-prefecture of Sikensi was 91,032.

Agnéby-Tiassa
Agnéby-Tiassa Region is one of the 31 regions of Ivory Coast. Since its establishment in 2011, it has been one of three regions in Lagunes District. The seat of the region is Agboville and the region's population in the 2021 census was 865,951.

Agnéby-Tiassa is currently divided into four departments: Agboville, Sikensi, Taabo, and Tiassalé.
Charles Einstein
Charles Einstein (August 2, 1926 – March 7, 2007) was a newspaperman and sportswriter. He was the author of the 1953 novel The Bloody Spur, on which the film While the City Sleeps (1956), directed by Fritz Lang, was based. Einstein's father was the comedian Harry Einstein. He was the older half-brother of comedic actors Albert Brooks and Bob Einstein, better known by his stage name "Super Dave Osborne".

Super Dave Osborne
Super Dave Osborne is a character created and played by comedian Bob Einstein. Einstein's comedic depiction was of a naive, although always optimistic, stuntman who was frequently, comically injured when his stunts went spectacularly wrong.
Tokiwagi Gakuen High School LSC
Tokiwagi Gakuen High School LSC (常盤木学園高等学校サッカー部) is a Japanese women's football team that plays in the regional fourth-division Tōhoku Women's Football League.

It notably competed as a high school club of youth players in semi-professional senior Japan women's football leagues from 2010 to 2019, most recently in the third-tier Nadeshiko League Division 2, and won the third-tier Challenge League in 2015. In high-school competition, the club has also won five national All Japan High School Women's Soccer Tournament championships, most recently in 2012.

2011 FIFA Women's World Cup
The 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup was the sixth FIFA Women's World Cup competition, the world championship for women's national football teams. It was held from 26 June to 17 July 2011 in Germany, which won the right to host the event in October 2007. Japan won the final against the United States on a penalty shoot-out following a 2–2 draw after extra time and became the first Asian team to win a senior FIFA World Cup.

The matches were played in nine stadiums in nine host cities around the country, with the final played at the Commerzbank Arena in Frankfurt. Sixteen teams were selected for participation via a worldwide qualification tournament that began in 2009. In the first round of the tournament finals, the teams competed in round-robin groups of four teams for points, with the top two teams in each group proceeding. These eight teams advanced to the knockout stage, where two rounds of play decided which teams would participate in the final.
Ball-and-chain inactivation
In neuroscience, ball-and-chain inactivation is a model to explain the fast inactivation mechanism of voltage-gated ion channels. The process is also called hinged-lid inactivation or N-type inactivation. A voltage-gated ion channel can be in three states: open, closed, or inactivated. The inactivated state is mainly achieved through fast inactivation, by which a channel transitions rapidly from an open to an inactivated state. The model proposes that the inactivated state, which is stable and non-conducting, is caused by the physical blockage of the pore. The blockage is caused by a "ball" of amino acids connected to the main protein by a string of residues on the cytoplasmic side of the membrane. The ball enters the open channel and binds to the hydrophobic inner vestibule within the channel. This blockage causes inactivation of the channel by stopping the flow of ions. This phenomenon has mainly been studied in potassium channels and sodium channels.

Threonine
Threonine (symbol Thr or T) is an amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an α-amino group (which is in the protonated −NH+3 form when dissolved in water), a carboxyl group (which is in the deprotonated −COO− form when dissolved in water), and a side chain containing a hydroxyl group, making it a polar, uncharged amino acid. It is essential in humans, meaning the body cannot synthesize it: it must be obtained from the diet. Threonine is synthesized from aspartate in bacteria such as E. coli. It is encoded by all the codons starting AC (ACU, ACC, ACA, and ACG).

Threonine sidechains are often hydrogen bonded; the most common small motifs formed are based on interactions with serine: ST turns, ST motifs (often at the beginning of alpha helices) and ST staples (usually at the middle of alpha helices).
Berny Peña
Bernabé "Berny" Peña Pizarro (born 19 October 1980) is a Costa Rican football player.

In a 2009 Al Día poll of 71 Costa Rica Premier Division players, Peña was selected as the dirtiest player in the league. He responded, "You have never seen any of my rivals die after one of my fouls, so I don't see the dirty play people talk about".

Liga FPD
The Primera División of Costa Rica, commonly known as Liga de Fútbol de Primera División (Liga FPD), and Liga Promerica for sponsorship reasons, is the top professional association football division in Costa Rica. It is administered by the Unión de Clubes de Fútbol de la Primera División (UNAFUT). The league consists of 10 teams, with the last-placed team relegated to the Liga de Ascenso.

The league was founded in 1921, with Herediano crowned as the first champions. Saprissa is the most successful club having won the championship a record 40 times. Together with Alajuelense (31 titles)and Herediano (31 titles)they have dominated the league.
William Ross (Ontario politician)
William Ross (July 14, 1854 – January 22, 1937) was a merchant and political figure in Ontario, Canada. He represented Ontario South in the House of Commons of Canada from 1900 to 1904 as a Liberal.

He was born in Prince Albert, Canada West, the son of Aaron Ross and Lucinda Fitchett, and was educated in Port Perry and at the British American Commercial College in Toronto. Ross was a grain dealer and operated a general store. In 1877, he married Clara J. Bingham. Ross served on the village council for Port Perry and was reeve for two years. He also served as chairman of the school board. Ross ran unsuccessfully for reelection to the House of Commons in 1904.

Port Perry
Port Perry is a community located in Scugog, Ontario, Canada. The town is located 84 kilometres (52 mi) northeast of central Toronto, north of Oshawa, and east of Whitby. Port Perry has a population of 9,553 as of 2021.
Port Perry serves as the administrative and commercial centre for the township of Scugog. The town is home to a 24-bed hospital (Lakeridge Health Port Perry), Scugog Township's municipal offices and many retail establishments. Port Perry serves as a hub for many small communities in the Scugog area, such as Greenbank, Raglan, Caesarea, Blackstock and Nestleton/Nestleton Station. The Great Blue Heron Charitable Casino is a major employer. Located at the basin of the Trent-Severn Waterways is Lake Scugog, one of Ontario's largest man-made lakes.
Isoclinism of groups
In mathematics, specifically group theory, isoclinism is an equivalence relation on groups which generalizes isomorphism. Isoclinism was introduced by Hall (1940) to help classify and understand p-groups, although it is applicable to all groups.  Isoclinism also has  consequences for the Schur multiplier and the associated aspects of character theory, as described in Suzuki (1982, p. 256) and Conway et al. (1985, p. xxiii, Ch. 6.7). The word "isoclinism" comes from the Greek ισοκλινης meaning equal slope.

Some textbooks discussing isoclinism include Berkovich (2008, §29) and Blackburn, Neumann & Venkataraman (2007, §21.2) and Suzuki (1986, pp. 92–95).

Character theory
In mathematics, more specifically in group theory, the character of a group representation is a function on the group that associates to each group element the trace of the corresponding matrix. The character carries the essential information about the representation in a more condensed form. Georg Frobenius initially developed representation theory of finite groups entirely based on the characters, and without any explicit matrix realization of representations themselves. This is possible because a complex representation of a finite group is determined (up to isomorphism) by its character. The situation with representations over a field of positive characteristic, so-called "modular representations", is more delicate, but Richard Brauer developed a powerful theory of characters in this case as well. Many deep theorems on the structure of finite groups use characters of modular representations.
The Modish Couple
The Modish Couple is a 1732 comedy play by the British writer James Miller, under the pen name Charles Boaden. A virtuous wife reforms her rakish husband.

The original Drury Lane cast included Robert Wilks as Lord Modely, John Mills as Claremont, Colley Cibber as Grinly, John Harper as Sir Lubbardly Block, Theophilus Cibber as Squire Chip, Mary Heron as Lady Modely and Jane Cibber as Clarissa. The epilogue was written by Henry Fielding.

John Mills (stage actor)
John Mills (c.1670–1736) was a British stage actor. A long-standing part of the Drury Lane company from 1695 until his death, he appeared in both comedies and tragedies. His wife Margaret Mills was an actress, and his son William Mills also became an actor at Drury Lane.

He was a friend of the playwright Richard Steele and Robert Wilks the lead actor and manager at Drury Lane with whom he frequently appeared on stage. He died on 17 December 1736, thirteen days after performing in his final role as the King in Henry IV, Part 2.
Pontus Schultz
Nils Axel Pontus Forsström Schultz (22 August 1972 – 25 August 2012) was a Swedish journalist, columnist, debater and entrepreneur. He was chief editor and publisher of Veckans Affärer from 2006 until his death.

Schultz participated in the French cyclosportive Haute Route on 25 August 2012. He crashed into a ravine and died during the last stage.

The Swedish magazine  Résumé gave him a tribute after his death.

Columnist
A columnist is a person who writes for publication in a series, creating an article that usually offers commentary and opinions. Columns appear in newspapers, magazines and other publications, including blogs. They take the form of a short essay by a specific writer who offers a personal point of view. Columns are sometimes written by a composite or a team, appearing under a pseudonym, or (in effect) a brand name. Columnists typically write daily or weekly columns. Some columns are later collected and reprinted in book form.
Brno astronomical clock
The Brno astronomical clock (Czech: Brněnský orloj) is a black stone monument in Brno, Czech Republic. It is situated at Náměstí Svobody, the main square in the Brno City Centre. The monument was proposed by the mayor of Brno, Roman Onderka, and it was created by Oldřich Rujbr and Petr Kameník. Every day at 11:00 AM, the clock releases a glass marble, which spectators can catch from one of four openings in the monument and take with them as a souvenir. The clock was unveiled on September 18, 2010, for the 365th anniversary of Brno's resistance to the Swedish siege during the Thirty Years War. Although the monument is publicly known as an astronomical clock (orloj), it is only a clock. Construction of the clock took three years, at a cost of approximately 12 million CZK.

While in media the monument is usually called the astronomical clock or Brno astronomical clock, it has a reputation for its phallic appearance. Officially, it is known as a clockwork machine (hodinový stroj).

Czech koruna
The koruna, or crown (sign: Kč; code: CZK, Czech: koruna česká), has been the currency of the Czech Republic since 1993. The koruna is one of the European Union's seven currencies, and the Czech Republic is legally bound to adopt the euro in the future.

The official name in Czech is koruna česká (plural koruny české, though the zero-suffixed genitive plural form korun českých is used on banknotes and coins of value 5 Kč or higher). The ISO 4217 code is CZK and the local acronym is Kč, which is placed after the numeric value (e.g., "50 Kč") or sometimes before it (as is seen on the 10-koruna coin). One crown is made up of 100 hellers (abbreviated as "h", official name in Czech: singular: haléř, nominative plural: haléře, genitive plural: haléřů – used with numbers higher or equal to 5 – e.g. 3 haléře, 8 haléřů), but hellers have now been withdrawn from circulation, and the smallest unit of physical currency is 1 Kč.
Almost Gold (song)
"Almost Gold" is a song by Scottish alternative rock group the Jesus and Mary Chain, released as the third single from the group's fourth studio album, Honey's Dead (1992).  It was released by Blanco y Negro Records on 22 June 1992 and reached number 41 on the UK Single Chart.

William Reid (musician)
William Adam Reid (born 28 October 1958) is a Scottish musician, best known for being the lead guitarist, main songwriter, co-founder and occasional singer of the Scottish alternative rock band, the Jesus and Mary Chain.