hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fundamental plane (elliptical galaxies)
The fundamental plane  is a set of bivariate correlations connecting some of the properties of normal elliptical galaxies. Some correlations have been empirically shown.

The fundamental plane is usually expressed as a relationship between the effective radius, average surface brightness and central velocity dispersion of normal elliptical galaxies.  Any one of the three parameters may be estimated from the other two, as together they describe a plane that falls within their more general three-dimensional space. Properties correlated also include: color, density (of luminosity, mass, or phase space),   luminosity, mass, metallicity,  and, to a lesser degree, the shape of their radial surface brightness profiles.

Surface brightness
In astronomy, surface brightness (SB) quantifies the apparent brightness or flux density per unit angular area of a spatially extended object such as a galaxy or nebula, or of the night sky background.  An object's surface brightness depends on its surface luminosity density, i.e., its luminosity emitted per unit surface area. In visible and infrared astronomy, surface brightness is often quoted on a magnitude scale, in magnitudes per square arcsecond (MPSAS) in a particular filter band or photometric system.

Measurement of the surface brightnesses of celestial objects is called surface photometry.
Yasutomi Nishizuka
Yasutomi Nishizuka, MJA, ForMemRS (西塚 泰美, Nishizuka Yasutomi; July 12, 1932 – November 4, 2004)
 was a prominent Japanese biochemist and made important contributions to the understanding of molecular mechanism of signal transduction across the cell membrane.
 In 1977, he discovered protein kinase C, which plays significant roles in a variety of intracellular signal transduction processes.

He was elected as a foreign member of the Royal Society (ForMemRS) in 1990 and as a member of the Japan Academy (MJA) in 1991.

Lasker Award
In 1945, Albert Lasker and Mary Woodard Lasker created the Lasker Awards. Every year since then the award has been given to  the living person considered to have made the greatest contribution to medical science or who has demonstrated public service on behalf of medicine. They are administered by the Lasker Foundation. The Lasker is sometimes referred to as "America's Nobels".

The Lasker Awards have gained a reputation for identifying future winners of the Nobel Prize. Eighty-six Lasker laureates have received the Nobel Prize, including 32 in the last two decades. Claire Pomeroy is the current president of the Lasker Foundation.
InCD
InCD is a packet writing software developed by Nero AG for Microsoft Windows.

InCD allows optical discs to be used in a similar manner to a floppy disk. The user can drag and drop files to and from the disk using Windows Explorer, or open and save files on the disk directly from application programs.

It supports rewritable media (CD-RW, DVD+RW, DVD-RW, DVD-RAM, CD-MRW and DVD+MRW), and from InCD 5.5 on also writing to write-once media CD-R, DVD+R, DVD-R. Current version 6.6.5100 is free and provides Windows XP functionality similar to Live File System in Windows Vista and Windows 7.

InCD formats media, and writes to Universal Disk Format. Systems which do not support UDF (such as Windows 98) will only present a HTML page (stored on the disk, outside the UDF part), explaining the problem and linking to a free UDF reader software.

Nero AG
Nero AG (known as Ahead Software AG until 2005) is a German computer software company that is especially well known for its CD/DVD/BD burning suite, Nero Burning ROM. The company's main product is Nero 2019, a piece of software that comprises burning, file conversion, media management, and video editing functions and was updated on an annual basis, though new releases have not occurred for several years.
National Highway 71 (India, old numbering)
National Highway 71 (NH 71) was a National Highway in Northern India. NH 71 connected Jalandhar in Punjab to Rewari in Haryana, running a distance of 307 km (191 mi). It ran for a distance of 130 km (81 mi) in Punjab and 177 km (110 mi) in Haryana. National Highway 71 started at the junction of old NH 1 at Jalandhar and traverses down to Rewari to meet old NH 8.

Moga, Punjab
Moga is a city in the Indian state of Punjab. It was made a part and headquarters of the Moga district (the 17th District in the state) on 24 November 1995, by the then Chief Minister Harcharan Singh Brar. Before becoming a district, Moga was a part of Faridkot district as a tehsil. Moga is situated on the National Highway 95 (NH-95 Ferozpur-Ludhiana road). The area of Dharamkot block with 150 villages has been merged into Moga district, which falls under the jurisdiction of Ferozpur division.
Wafd Party
The  Wafd Party (lit. 'Delegation Party'; Arabic: حزب الوفد, Ḥizb al-Wafd) was a nationalist liberal political party in Egypt. It was said to be Egypt's most popular and influential political party for a period from the end of World War I through the 1930s. During this time, it was instrumental in the development of the 1923 constitution, and supported moving Egypt from dynastic rule to a constitutional monarchy, where power would be wielded by a nationally-elected parliament. The party was dissolved in 1952, after the 1952 Egyptian Revolution.

Muhammad Ali dynasty
The Muhammad Ali dynasty or the Alawiyya dynasty was an Albanian dynasty that ruled Egypt and Sudan from the 19th to the mid-20th century. It is named after its progenitor, Muhammad Ali, regarded as the founder of modern Egypt.
We Buy Diabetic Test Strips
We Buy Diabetic Test Strips is the sixth studio album by American hip-hop duo Armand Hammer, consisting of rappers Billy Woods and Elucid. It was released on September 29, 2023, through Fat Possum. The album features guest appearances by JPEGMafia, Moor Mother, El-P, Pierce Jordan of Soul Glo, Pink Siifu, Junglepussy, Curly Castro and Cavalier. It is the first Armand Hammer album to not be released under the Backwoodz Studioz label. It was met with critical acclaim.

Moor Mother
Camae Ayewa, (born November 19, 1981) better known by her stage name Moor Mother, is an American poet, musician, and activist from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She is one half of the collective Black Quantum Futurism, along with Rasheedah Phillips, and co-leads the groups Irreversible Entanglements and 700 Bliss.
Cast (Mexican band)
Cast is a rock band from Mexico. Formed in 1978, they specialize in progressive rock, similar in style to early Genesis. Their music focuses strongly on keyboards, guitars and vocals. The band host an annual progressive rock festival called Baja Prog in Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico, which features bands from around the world.

Baja Prog
Baja Prog was an annual progressive rock festival in Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico, held from 1997—2015. The bill regularly featured a number of well-known bands in the genre, with an average of 1500 attendees each day.
Monica videography
American recording artist Monica has appeared in numerous music videos. Her videography includes more than thirty music videos. At age thirteen, Monica signed with Arista and released her debut album Miss Thang in 1995. An accompanying music video for the single, shot in black-and-white, was directed by Rich Murray and released in June 1995. In 1998, her second album The Boy Is Mine earned her major international chart success. Pushed by its number-one hit title track, a duet with singer Brandy, won the Best Clip (R&B/Urban) accolade at the 1998 Billboard Music Awards and received two MTV Video Music Award nominations.

Billboard Music Awards
The Billboard Music Awards are honors given out annually by Billboard, a publication covering the music business and a music popularity chart. The Billboard Music Awards show has been held annually since 1990, with the exception of the years 2007 through 2010. The event was previously staged in December, but has been held in May since returning in 2011. On October 19, 2023, it was announced that the award ceremony will be reformatted as a digital-only show and move from broadcast television to its website and Billboard's social media pages, starting with the 2023 edition on November 19, but in 2024, the show aired on Fox.
Kwak Kwang-seon
Kwak Kwang-seon (Korean: 곽광선, born March 28, 1986) is a South Korean football player for Seongnam FC.

On 18 November 2008, Kwak was as one of sixteen priority member, join the newly formed Gangwon FC.

On 11 April 2009, Kwak scored his first K-League goal of the 2009 season against Chunnam Dragons.

On 6 December 2011, Kwak was traded to Suwon Samsung Bluewings for Oh Jae-suk.

Jeonnam Dragons
The Jeonnam Dragons (Korean: 전남 드래곤즈 FC) are a South Korean professional football club based in the city of Gwangyang, South Jeolla Province that competes in the K League 2, the second tier of South Korean football. The Dragons play their home matches at the Gwangyang Football Stadium, one of the first football-specific stadiums in South Korea. They have won the Korean FA Cup four times (1997, 2006, 2007 and 2021) and were the runners-up of K League in 1997. They also reached the final of the 1998–99 Asian Cup Winners' Cup, where they lost to Al Ittihad.
Mudsill theory
Mudsill theory is the proposition that there must be, and always has been, a lower class or underclass for the upper classes and the rest of society to rest upon.

The term derives from a mudsill, the lowest threshold that supports the foundation for a building.

Sill plate
A sill plate or sole plate in construction and architecture is the bottom horizontal member of a wall or building to which vertical members are attached. The word "plate" is typically omitted in America and carpenters speak simply of the "sill". Other names are rat sill, ground plate, ground sill, groundsel, night plate, and midnight sill.

Sill plates are usually composed of lumber but can be any material. The timber at the top of a wall is often called a top plate, pole plate, mudsill, wall plate or simply "the plate".
Taxinge-Näsby Castle
59°14′49″N 17°18′33″E﻿ / ﻿59.24694°N 17.30917°E﻿ / 59.24694; 17.30917

Taxinge-Näsby Castle is a stately home in Stockholm County, Sweden. Located near Mariefred, the castle was designed by architect Carl Christoffer Gjörwell, and was built between 1807 and 1813.

Stockholm County
Stockholm County (Swedish: Stockholms län [ˈstɔ̂kː(h)ɔlms ˈlɛːn]) is a county (Swedish: län) on the Baltic Sea coast of Sweden. It borders Uppsala County and Södermanland County. It also borders Mälaren and the Baltic Sea. The city of Stockholm is the capital of Sweden. Stockholm County is divided by the historic provinces of Uppland (Roslagen) and Södermanland (Södertörn). More than one fifth of the Swedish population lives in the county. Stockholm County is also one of the statistical riksområden (national areas) according to NUTS:SE, Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics within the EU. With more than two million inhabitants, Stockholm is the most densely populated county of Sweden.
Tailwind Air
Tailwind Air LLC was an American commuter scheduled air carrier and charter airline based in Westchester Airport and Sikorsky Memorial Airport. Its main seaplane base was New York Skyports Seaplane Base (NYS) and it also owned its own Boston Harbor seaplane base (MA17), near Logan International Airport in Boston. The airline had a sister company named Tailwind Air, LLC, which charters and manages a fleet of land planes.

Boston Harbor
Boston Harbor is a natural harbor and estuary of Massachusetts Bay, located adjacent to Boston, Massachusetts. It is home to the Port of Boston, a major shipping facility in the Northeastern United States.

The harbor was the site of the Boston Tea Party, a major 1773 event in the American Revolution.
Jonah Birir
Jonah Birir (born December 27, 1971, in Eldama Ravine, Koibatek) is a former Kenyan middle-distance runner.

In 1988 he won the World Junior Championships held in Sudbury, Canada, over 800 metres, and at the 1990 World Junior Championships he won a silver medal in a personal best time of 1:46.61. He then concentrated on the 1500 metres distance, finishing fifth in the 1992 Summer Olympics final in Barcelona. The final was won by Fermín Cacho of Spain. The same year Birir finished second at the IAAF World Cup.

His personal best was 3:33.86 seconds, achieved during the Zürich meet in 1993.

Eldama Ravine
Eldama Ravine (sometimes known by the short form E/Ravine) is a town in Baringo County, Kenya, a few miles north of the equator, geographical coordinates 0° 30' 0" North, 35° 43' 0" East. It was established as an administrative point by British colonialists and later served as a transit route for lumber harvested from surrounding forests.

It was previously the headquarters of the former Koibatek District and Eldama Ravine Constituency.

It has a population of 45,799 (2009 census). It is largely an agricultural trade point producing world popular commercial rose flowers. It is fairly cosmopolitan, having residents from more than half of Kenya's ethnic tribes.
Gustavo Luza
Gustavo Luza (born 11 October 1962) is a former tennis player from Argentina.

Luza turned professional in 1985. He was most known for playing doubles, and during his career he won 5 doubles titles, including the Barcelona Open with Christian Miniussi. He reached his highest doubles ATP-ranking on July 9, 1990, when he became the number 37 of the world.

In 2002, after retiring from professional tennis, Luza became the captain of the Argentina Davis Cup team from 2002 to 2004.

Argentina Davis Cup team
The Argentina men's national tennis team represents Argentina in Davis Cup tennis competition and is governed by the Asociación Argentina de Tenis. As of 2016, the team has competed in the World Group since 2002 and reached the finals five times (1981, 2006, 2008, 2011 and 2016), winning the cup for the first time in the 2016 edition by defeating Croatia in the final. Argentina is currently #15 in the ITF Davis Cup rankings.
Streptomyces eurocidicus
Streptomyces eurocidicus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces. Streptomyces eurocidicus produces azomycin, eurocidin C, eurocidin D, eurocidin E, tertiomycine A, 2-nitroimidazole and tertiomycine B.

Nitroimidazole
Nitroimidazoles are the group of organic compounds consisting of an imidazole ring with at least one nitro group substituent. The term also refers to the class of antibiotics that have nitroimidazole in their structures. These antibiotics commonly include the 5-nitroimidazole positional isomer.
Graafland
Graafland is a Dutch surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ronald Graafland, Dutch footballer

Eddy Pieters Graafland, Dutch footballer

Jan Graafland, Dutch footballer

Jhr. J.L.M.Graafland (Joan Leo Magdalenus Graafland), author of the  "Heraldische encyclopædie" with A. Stalins, 1925

Eddy Pieters Graafland
Eduard Laurens Pieters Graafland (5 January 1934 – 28 April 2020) was a Dutch professional football player and coach. As a player, he was the goalkeeper of Ajax, Feyenoord and the Netherlands. In 1970, his last season as a professional, he won the Europa Cup with Feijenoord. In total, he was capped for the national team 47 times.

His nickname was, after his abbreviated surname, Eddy PG. He was a renowned penalty stopper, and kept a notebook with potential penalty takers' favorite side.
Fritz Schär
Fritz Schär (13 March 1926 in Kaltenbach – 29 September 1997 in Frauenfeld) was a Swiss cyclist who in 1953 won the first points classification ever in the Tour de France. He also finished third in the general classification in the 1954 Tour de France. He was the Swiss National Road Race champion in 1953.

Frauenfeld
Frauenfeld (Swiss Standard German pronunciation: [ˈfraʊənˌfɛld] ⓘ; Alemannic German: Frauefäld) is the capital (German: Hauptort) of the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.
The official language of Frauenfeld is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect.
8th Electoral Unit of Republika Srpska (NSRS)
The eighth electoral unit of Republika Srpska is a parliamentary constituency used to elect members to the National Assembly of Republika Srpska since 2014.  It consists of the Municipalities of Sokolac, 
Han Pijesak,
Istočna Ilidža,
Istočni Stari Grad,
Istočno Novo Sarajevo,
Trnovo,
Pale and
Rogatica.

Istočni Stari Grad
Istočni Stari Grad (Serbian Cyrillic: Источни Стари Град, lit. "East Old Town") is a municipality of the city of Istočno Sarajevo, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. As of 2013, it has a population of 1,131 inhabitants. The seat of municipality is Hreša.
Mikhalina Lysova
Mikhalina Anatolyevna Lysova (Russian: Михалина Анатольевна Лысова; born 29 March 1992) is a Russian visually impaired cross-country skier and biathlete. She has represented Russia at the Paralympics in 2010 and in 2014 competing in the cross-country skiing and biathlon events. She progressed to become one of the most consistent Paralympics Nordic skiers of Russia as she claimed 16 medals in her Paralympic career including 6 gold medals. She was also the recipient of the Order ''For Merit to the Fatherland'' and Order of Friendship awards.

Russia at the Paralympics
Russia has competed at the Paralympic Games as different teams in its history. The nation competed as part of the Soviet Union at the 1988 Summer and Winter Games, while after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, Russia competed as part of the Unified Team in 1992. The nation competed for the first time as Russia at the 1994 Winter Paralympics.
Khlong Saen Saep boat service
The Khlong Saen Saep boat service is a water bus operating on the Saen Saep Canal in Bangkok, Thailand. It has been in operation since 1 October 1990.

The 18-km route is served by 100 boats of 40–50 seats. It operates from 05:30 to 20:30 daily on weekdays and to 19:00 on weekends. Prices range from 8 to 22 baht. The service, run by a company called Family Transport, carries about 60,000 passengers each day.

On 25 February 2022, an extension of the old route was opened, with 12 modern, electric boats running from Wat Sriboonreung to the Min Buri district office. The extension follows a different timetable from the original service.

Min Buri district
Min Buri (Thai: มีนบุรี, pronounced [mīːn būrīː]) is one of the 50 districts (khet) of Bangkok, Thailand. It is bounded by other Bangkok districts (from north clockwise): Khlong Sam Wa, Nong Chok, Lat Krabang, Saphan Sung, and Khan Na Yao. Min Buri is the fifth largest district in Bangkok.
Intertubercular plane
A lower transverse plane midway between the upper transverse and the upper border of the pubic symphysis; this is termed the intertubercular plane (or transtubercular), since it practically corresponds to that passing through the iliac tubercles; behind, its plane cuts the upper border of the fifth lumbar vertebra (L5).

Lumbar vertebrae
The lumbar vertebrae are located between the thoracic vertebrae and pelvis. They form the lower part of the back in humans, and the tail end of the back in quadrupeds. In humans, there are five lumbar vertebrae. The term is used to describe the anatomy of humans and quadrupeds, such as horses, pigs, or cattle.  These bones are found in particular cuts of meat, including tenderloin or sirloin steak.
2010–11 ISU Speed Skating World Cup – Men's 500 metres
The 500 metres distance for men in the 2010–11 ISU Speed Skating World Cup was contested over 12 races on six occasions, out of a total of eight World Cup occasions for the season, with the first occasion taking place in Heerenveen, Netherlands, on 12–14 November 2010, and the final occasion also taking place in Heerenveen on 4–6 March 2011.

Lee Kang-seok of South Korea won the cup, while his countryman Lee Kyou-hyuk came second, and Joji Kato of Japan came third. Defending champion Tucker Fredricks of the United States finished in 4th place.

Lee Kang-seok
Lee Kang-seok (Korean: 이강석; Hanja: 李康奭, born 28 February 1985) is a South Korean speed skater. He is the 2007 and 2009 World Champion for 500 m. At the 2006 Winter Olympics, he won a bronze medal in the 500 m.  He is the second South Korean person to win a medal in an event outside of short track speedskating, and he has become a representative to show that South Korea is expanding towards cultivating their athletes to excel in sports other than short track speed skating.

On 5 March 2006, Lee won his first World Cup title, winning the 2005–06 World Cup on the 500 m. A year later, Lee won gold at the World Single Distance Championships in the Utah Olympic Oval, setting a world record time of 34.25 seconds in the second race. The record has been broken since then by Jeremy Wotherspoon on 9 November 2007, with a time of 34.03 seconds. At the 2009 Winter Universiade in Harbin, China, Lee won the 500 m, beating Yu Fengtong with times of 35.00 and 34.82.
Arcia
Arcia is a Spanish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Edgar Sanabria Arcia (1911–1989), Venezuelan lawyer, diplomat, and politician

Elizabeth Arcia (born 1997), Nicaraguan footballer

Francisco Arcia (born 1989), Venezuelan baseball player

Hashim Arcia (born 1988), Trinidadian footballer

José Arcia (1943–2016), Cuban baseball player

Orlando Arcia (born 1994), Venezuelan baseball player

Oswaldo Arcia (born 1991), Venezuelan baseball player

Oswaldo Arcia
Oswaldo Celestino Arcia (born May 9, 1991) is a Venezuelan professional baseball outfielder for the Caliente de Durango of the Mexican League. He has previously played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Minnesota Twins, Tampa Bay Rays, Miami Marlins, and San Diego Padres. He has also played in Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) for the Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters.
Bogjurgan Hill
Bogjurgan Hill is an elevated landform at the southern verge of the Fetteresso Forest in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. Its top is at an elevation of 299 metres (981 ft) above sea level. Historical features in this region of Kincardineshire include Fetteresso Castle, Drumtochty Castle and Muchalls Castle.

Drumtochty Castle
Drumtochty Castle is a neo-gothic style castellated mansion erected in 1812 approximately three kilometres north-west of Auchenblae, Kincardineshire, Scotland.  This building stands on the southern edge of Drumtochty Forest.
Mercedes-Benz M106 engine
The Mercedes-Benz M106 engine is a high-revving, prototype, four-stroke, 2.5-liter, naturally aspirated, V-6 racing engine, designed, developed and produced by Mercedes-Benz for the DTM and later ITC, between 1994 and 1996.

1996 International Touring Car Championship
The 1996 International Touring Car Championship was the thirteenth season of premier German touring car championship and also only first and final season under the moniker of International Touring Car Championship. It was for FIA Class 1 Touring Cars and it was contested by Mercedes-Benz, Alfa Romeo and Opel. It was formed of the Deutsche Tourenwagen Meisterschaft series that ran both a short German & International-based series in 1995. These were fused together to form the International Touring Car Championship (abbreviated to ITC). The eventual champion was Manuel Reuter driving an Opel Calibra, and Opel won the manufacturer's championship.
Anarchy of the 12 Warlords
The Anarchy of the 12 Warlords (Vietnamese: Loạn 12 sứ quân, chữ Nôm: 亂𨑮𠄩使君; Sino-Vietnamese: Thập nhị sứ quân chi loạn, chữ Hán: 十二使君之亂), also the Period of the 12 Warlords, was a period of chaos and civil war in the history of Vietnam, from 965 to 968 caused by the succession of the Ngô dynasty after the death of King Ngô Quyền. This period is also sometimes simply called the Twelve Warlords (Vietnamese: Mười hai sứ quân, 𨑮𠄩使君). Four of the warlords are verified to have traced their direct lineage from what is now China today. This period ended in 968 with the unification war of Vietnam by Đinh Bộ Lĩnh, who later established the Đinh dynasty.

Chữ Hán
Chữ Hán (Vietnamese: 𡨸漢 [t͡ɕɯ˦ˀ˥ haːn˧˦] ⓘ, lit. 'Han characters') are the Chinese characters that were used to write Literary Chinese (Hán văn; 漢文) and Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary in Vietnamese. They were officially used in Vietnam after the Red River Delta region was annexed into the Han dynasty and continued to be used until the early 20th century.