hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Treaty of Shaoxing
The Treaty of Shaoxing (Chinese: 紹興和議; pinyin: Shàoxīng Héyì) was the agreement and truce that ended the protracted military conflicts between the Jin dynasty and the Southern Song dynasty. It also legally drew up the boundaries of the two countries and forced the Song dynasty to renounce all claims to its former (Northern Song) territories north of the Qinling Huaihe Line, which included its former capital of Kaifeng. Emperor Gaozong of Song subsequently executed the anti-Jin faction general Yue Fei after the treaty.

The treaty was signed in 1141, and under it the Southern Song agreed to paying tribute of 250,000 taels and 250,000 packs of silk to the suzerain Jin every year (until 1164, when Jin launched a further war against the Southern Song). The treaty was formally ratified on 11 October 1142 when a Jin envoy visited the Song court. The treaty reduced the Southern Song Dynasty into a quasi-tributary state of the Jin dynasty.

Liang (mass)
Liang (simplified Chinese: 两; traditional Chinese: 兩; pinyin: liǎng), or leung in Cantonese, liae in Wenzhounese, liong in Hakka, lian in Shanghainese, also called "Chinese ounce" or "tael", is a traditional Chinese unit for weight measurement. It originated in China before being introduced to neighboring countries in East and Southeast Asia.

Modern standards for the liang include 1/10 jin (50 grams) in mainland China, 37.5 grams in Taiwan, Korea and Thailand,
37.799 grams in Hong Kong, Singapore and Malaysia, and 37.8 grams in Vietnam.

Liang is mostly used in traditional markets, and is a well-known measure for gold, silver and Chinese medicines.
New Melleray Abbey
New Melleray Abbey (Abbey of Our Lady of New Melleray) is a Trappist monastery located near Dubuque, Iowa. The abbey is located about 15 miles (24 km) southwest of Dubuque and is in the Archdiocese of Dubuque. Currently, the Abbey is home to about 16 monks. Several of the monks work in their business, Trappist Caskets, and some of their food comes from the garden behind the Abbey. The superior of the monastery is Dom Brendan Freeman, who was appointed by Father Immediate McCarthy in December 2021 after consulting the community.

Clement Smyth
Timothy Clement Smyth OCSO (February 24, 1810 – September 22, 1865) was an Irish born 19th century bishop of the Catholic Church in the United States. He served as the second bishop of the Diocese of Dubuque in Iowa following the death of Bishop Mathias Loras in 1858. He previously served as coadjutor bishop of Dubuque from 1857 to 1858. Smyth was a member of the Order of Cistercians of the Strict Observance (Trappists),
Lacuisine
Lacuisine (French pronunciation: [lakɥizin]; Gaumais: La Keûjine) is a village of Wallonia and a district of the municipality of Florenville, located in the province of Luxembourg, Belgium.

Prior to the merger of municipalities in 1977, Lacuisine was an independent municipality. It includes the hamlet of Martué.

Lorrain language
Lorrain, also known as Lorrain roman, is a langue d'oïl spoken by a minority of people in the region of Lorraine in northeastern France, as well as in some parts of Alsace and Gaume in Belgium. It is often referred to as a patois.

It is a regional language of France. In Wallonia, it is known as Gaumais and enjoys official recognition as a regional language. It has been influenced by Lorraine Franconian and Luxembourgish, West Central German languages spoken in nearby or overlapping areas.
Theater Square fountain (Rostov-on-Don)
The Theater Square fountain (Russian: Фонтан на Театральной площади) is a fountain in the city of Rostov-on-Don, Russia.

The fountain was created by sculptor Yevgeny Vuchetich.

After the construction of the theater. M. Gorky in 1936, next to it was equipped the Theater Square with a fountain in the center. The fountain is a sculptural group of Atlanteans on a pedestal, popularly called "peasants with a bowl."

During the Great Patriotic War, the fountain was destroyed, restored in the 1950s in full. But in the 1970s there were no frogs with turtles on the fountain.

On the eve of the 250th anniversary of Rostov-on-Don, which was celebrated in 1999, the fountain was restored, giving it its original appearance.

Yevgeny Vuchetich
Yevgeny Viktorovich Vuchetich (Russian: Евгений Викторович Вучетич; 28 December [O.S. 15 December] 1908–12 April 1974) was a Soviet sculptor and artist. He is known for his heroic monuments, often of allegoric style, including The Motherland Calls, the largest sculpture in the world at the time.
Albert Pinto Ko Gussa Kyoon Aata Hai? (1980 film)
Albert Pinto Ko Gussa Kyoon Aata Hai (transl. What Makes Albert Pinto Angry?) is a 1980 Indian Hindi-language drama film directed and written by Saeed Akhtar Mirza. The film stars Naseeruddin Shah, Shabana Azmi and Smita Patil.

It won the 1981 Filmfare Critics Award for Best Movie.

Filmfare Critics Award for Best Film
The Filmfare Critics Award for Best Film is awarded during annual Filmfare Awards, given by the Filmfare magazine. These are the oldest and most prominent film awards given for Hindi films in India, having started in 1954. Movie awards were first given by popular vote. Many complained that films with commercial appeal rather than artistic merit were being recognised, hence a new award category was added, the Best Film (Critics). Mani Kaul has a record four wins in this category, followed by three wins each for Shoojit Sircar and Kumar Shahani.

Rajnigandha, Black and Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara are the only films to win both Best Film (Critics) and Best Film.
Yurty
Yurty (Russian: Юрты) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.

Urban localities

Yurty, Irkutsk Oblast, a work settlement in Tayshetsky District of Irkutsk Oblast

Rural localities

Yurty, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, a settlement in Ognev-Maydansky Selsoviet of Vorotynsky District of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast

Yurty, Novosibirsk Oblast, a selo in Toguchinsky District of Novosibirsk Oblast

Yurty, Novolyalinsky District, Sverdlovsk Oblast, a settlement in Novolyalinsky District, Sverdlovsk Oblast

Yurty, Slobodo-Turinsky District, Sverdlovsk Oblast, a village in Slobodo-Turinsky District, Sverdlovsk Oblast

Yurty, Tomsk Oblast, a settlement in Kolpashevsky District of Tomsk Oblast

Novosibirsk Oblast
Novosibirsk Oblast (Russian: Новосиби́рская о́бласть, romanized: Novosibirskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast) located in southwestern Siberia. Its administrative and economic center is the city of Novosibirsk, the third-largest city in the country. As of the 2021 Census, Novosibirsk Oblast had a population of 2,797,176 with the majority, 1.63 million, lives in Novosibirsk.
2014 Tallahassee Tennis Challenger – Doubles
Austin Krajicek and Tennys Sandgren were the defending champions. but decided not to compete.

Ryan Agar and Sebastian Bader won the title, defeating Bjorn Fratangelo and Mitchell Krueger in the final, 6–4, 7-6(7-3).

Mitchell Krueger
Mitchell Krueger (born January 12, 1994) is an American professional tennis player. He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 135, achieved on 18 July 2022 and a doubles ranking of No. 173, achieved on 27 April 2015.
Barnabas Long
Christianity portal

Barnabas Long or Longe was Archdeacon of Cleveland from 1683 to 1685.

Long was born in Pontefract was educated at University College, Oxford.  He became Vicar of Selborne in 1680; Chancellor of Llandaff in 1681, Canon of York in  1682; Rector of Fyfield in 1684, and of Oddington that same year.

He died on 11 April 1865.

Oddington, Gloucestershire
Lower Oddington and Upper Oddington are a pair of adjoining villages in the English county of Gloucestershire. Together they form the civil parish of Oddington. In 2010 the parish had an estimated population of 477, decreasing at the 2011 census to 417.

The two villages are located to the south of the A436 road 2 miles (3.2 km) east of the town of Stow-on-the-Wold.
Listed buildings in Marbury cum Quoisley
Marbury cum Quoisley is a former civil parish in Cheshire East, England. It contained 11 buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England as designated listed buildings. Of these, one is listed at Grade II*, the middle grade, and the others are at Grade II. Apart from the village of Marbury the parish was rural. The major buildings in the parish are St Michael's Church and Marbury Hall; these and some associated buildings are listed. Also listed are some 16th and 17th-century houses and farm buildings that are timber-framed or incorporate timber framing. The parish included the part of the Combermere estate that contains a monumental obelisk that is listed.

Obelisk
An obelisk (/ˈɒbəlɪsk/; from Ancient Greek  ὀβελίσκος (obelískos), diminutive of ὀβελός (obelós) ' spit, nail, pointed pillar'), less often spelled obelisque, is a tall, slender, tapered monument with four sides and a pyramidal or pyramidion top. Originally constructed by Ancient Egyptians and called tekhenu, the Greeks used the Greek term obeliskos to describe them, and this word passed into Latin and ultimately English. Though William Thomas used the term correctly in his Historie of Italie of 1549, by the late sixteenth century (after reduced contact with Italy following the excommunication of Queen Elizabeth), Shakespeare failed to distinguish between pyramids and obelisks in his plays and sonnets. Ancient obelisks are monolithic and consist of a single stone; most modern obelisks are made of several stones.
RJ Dheena
Dheena Dayalan, popularly known as RJ Dheena, தீனதயாளன் (தமிழ்) is an Indian radio jockey and television show host based in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. He is best known for his unique voice and Tamil slang, humour and rapid speaking rate. He has worked at Suryan FM 93.5 and BIG FM – Tamil, Chennai. He started his own studio/business Academy of Radio Studios & Salt Audios in 2011. Later Joined 8K Miles media ) as a creative consultant United States in 2015 and 2018-19 headed a Tamil Radio station 89.4 Tamil FM in Dubai.

He set a new world record live on radio continuously for 168 hours and entered the Guinness Book of World Records, after breaking the existing world record of 135 hours set by Italian RJ Stefano Venneri.
He also appeared as cameo in a Tamil movie Chennaiyil Oru Naal.

Suryan FM
Suryan FM is a Tamil language FM radio channel owned by Indian media conglomerate Sun Group. The channel has 10 broadcasting stations in Tamil Nadu. In other states, SUN Group's FM service is known as Red FM 93.5 and Magic FM 106.4.
Pro-Cathedral of the Assumption
The Pro-cathedral of the Assumption ('Pro' meaning 'in place of') is a historical Catholic church in the city of North Bay, Ontario. The white limestone building, built in 1905, speaks to the history of the city as well as a strong faith community that came together to construct a building of impressive scale and craft for the small city in Northern Ontario. The tall church is a landmark, holding a central role as a gathering place, not only for the city, but also for the entire diocese of Sault Ste. Marie.

North Bay, Ontario
North Bay is a city in Northeastern Ontario, Canada. It is the seat of Nipissing District and takes its name from its position on the shore of Lake Nipissing. It developed as a railroad centre and its airport was an important military location during the Cold War.
Vinoo Mankad Trophy
Vinoo Mankad Trophy is a national level under 19 age group One-day cricket tournament of India. Board of Control for Cricket in India organises it. It involves junior teams of affiliated state cricket association of BCCI. The tournament is named after the Indian former cricketer Vinoo Mankad.

Limited overs cricket
Limited overs cricket, also known as white ball cricket, is a version of the sport of cricket in which a match is generally completed within one day. There are a number of formats, including List A cricket (8-hour games), Twenty20 cricket (3-hour games), , 100-ball cricket (2.5 hours) and T10 cricket (1.5 hour games). The name reflects the rule that in the match each team bowls a set maximum number of overs (sets of 6 legal balls), usually between 20 and 50, although shorter and longer forms of limited overs cricket have been played.

The concept contrasts with Test and first-class matches, which can take up to five days to complete. One-day cricket is popular with spectators as it can encourage aggressive, risky, entertaining batting, often results in cliffhanger endings, and ensures that a spectator can watch an entire match without committing to five days of continuous attendance.
Orounta
Orounta (Greek: Ορούντα) is a village located in the Nicosia District of Cyprus, west of Nicosia, near Peristerona.

It was the birthplace of the Saint Martyr Saint Philoumenos (Greek: Άγιος Φιλούμενος) (15 October 1913 – 29 November 1979), who was the Guardian of Jacob's Well, in the West Bank, where he was killed after the assailant threw grenades into the Church of Saint Photini and attacked him with an axe.

Jacob's Well
Jacob's Well, also known as Jacob's Fountain or the Well of Sychar, is a Christian holy site located in Balata village, a suburb of the Palestinian city of Nablus in the West Bank. The well, currently situated inside an Eastern Orthodox church and monastery, has been associated in religious tradition with the biblical patriarch Jacob for roughly two millennia.
Maxim Rakov
Maxim Rakov (born 7 February 1986) is a Kazakhstani judoka.

Rakov won the 2009 World Championships in the men's half-heavyweight (‍–‍100 kg) division, beating Henk Grol in the final. Rakov won the silver medal at the 2011 World Championships, losing to Tagir Khaybulaev in the final.

Previously, he had competed in the middleweight (‍–‍90 kg) category, winning a silver medal at the 2006 Asian Games. In 2007 he had a shoulder injury that required surgery. As a result, he missed the 2008 Olympics and considered to retire from sport. His father, who also served as his coach, encouraged him to continue. At the 2012 Games he was eliminated in the first bout. At the 2016 Rio Olympics he lost in the second bout to the eventual winner Lukáš Krpálek.

2009 World Judo Championships
The 2009 World Judo Championships was held in the Ahoy indoor sporting arena in Rotterdam, the Netherlands on 26 to 30 August.

Women's heavyweight champion Tong Wen was stripped of her gold medal because of a doping offence, but was later reinstated.
Hyloxalus bocagei
Hyloxalus bocagei is a species of frog in the family Dendrobatidae. It is found on the northeastern side of the Andes in Ecuador (Sucumbíos, Orellana, and Napo Provinces) and in Colombia (Cordillera Oriental in the Caquetá Department). The specific name bocagei honors José Vicente Barbosa du Bocage, a Portuguese zoologist. Common name Bocage's rocket frog has been coined for this species.

Cordillera Oriental (Colombia)
The Cordillera Oriental (English: Eastern Ranges) is the widest of the three branches of the Colombian Andes. The range extends from south to north, dividing from the Colombian Massif in Huila Department to Norte de Santander Department where it splits into the Serranía del Perijá and the Cordillera de Mérida in Venezuelan Andes. The highest peak is Ritacuba Blanco at 5,410 m (17,750 ft) in the Sierra Nevada del Cocuy.
Turner Museum of Glass
The Turner Museum of Glass is housed in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at the University of Sheffield, in England.  It is in the Sir Robert Hadfield Building with the entrance from Portobello Street. It contains examples from ancient Egypt and Rome but mainly from major European and American glassworkers, with a particular focus on those from the 1920s to 1950s.

It was founded in 1943 by Professor W. E. S. Turner of the University, who additionally was the senior author on many papers on glass technology.  One of the exhibits is the wedding dress of his wife Helen Monro Turner (Helen Nairn, married 1 July 1943) which is made of glass fibre, as are the matching shoes.  This has been selected as one of the items in the BBC's extended collection based on A History of the World in 100 Objects.

Robert Hadfield
Sir Robert Abbott Hadfield, 1st Baronet FRS (28 November 1858 in Sheffield – 30 September 1940 in Surrey) was an English metallurgist, noted for his 1882 discovery of manganese steel, one of the first steel alloys.  He also invented silicon steel, initially for mechanical properties (patents in 1886) which have made the alloy a material of choice for springs and some fine blades, though it has also become important in electrical applications for its magnetic behaviour.
Slaton (surname)
Slaton is a surname. Notable people with this name include:

Bryan Slaton (born 1978), American businessman

Danielle Slaton (born 1980), American former soccer player

Dorothy Lamour (born Mary Leta Dorothy Slaton; 1914–1996), American actress

James D. Slaton (1910/12–1961), American U.S. Army corporal

Jessie Pharr Slaton (1908–1983), American lawyer

Jim M. Slaton (born 1950), American football pitcher

Jim P. Slaton (born 1970), American skydiver

John M. Slaton (1866–1955), American former governor of Georgia

Mike Slaton (born 1964), American former football player

Steve Slaton (born 1986), American former football running back

Steve Slaton (DJ) (born 1953), American DJ

Tedarrell Slaton (born 1997), American football nose tackle

Tony Slaton (born 1961), American former football player

The Slaton family, titular stars of 1000-lb Sisters

Jim Slaton
James Michael Slaton (born June 19, 1950) is an American former pitcher with a 16-year career from 1971–1986.  He played in the American League with the Milwaukee Brewers from 1971–1977 and 1979–1983, the Detroit Tigers in 1978 and 1986, and the California Angels from 1984–1986.
Merton Field
Merton Field is a grass playing field north of the main part of Christ Church Meadow and south of Merton College in central Oxford, England.

To the west are Merton Walk and Christ Church, one of the Oxford colleges. To the east is the University of Oxford Botanic Garden. To the south is Broad Walk a wide path on the northern edge of Christ Church Meadow. To the north, Dead Man's Walk skirts the edge of Merton Field following the line of the old Oxford city wall and Grove Walk leads to Merton Street, between Corpus Christi College and Merton College. The tower of Merton College Chapel dominates the view north from Merton Field.

Near to the eastern end of Dead Man's Walk is a plaque marking the first hot air balloon ascent in Britain, made by James Sadler (1753–1828). He ascended from Merton Field on 4 October 1783, landing in Woodeaton to the northeast of Oxford.

Oxford city walls
Oxford city walls are the remains of a defensive wall which encircled the medieval town of Oxford, England. Constructed from 1226 the walls enclose an area of some 120 acres (50 ha) with a circumference of approximately 2 miles (3 km). Built in stone, the curtain walls were castellated and pierced with over twenty-five bastions. The walls were a development of an earlier defensive system begun under the Saxons in response to Viking incursions in the 9th and 10th centuries. They featured a relatively rare example of concentric walling which may derive from near Eastern or north Wallian examples. During the English Civil War the walls were supplemented by an array of earthen field defences. The remnants of the walls are a scheduled monument and incorporate some twenty-seven Grade I listed structures.
Frederick Skinnard
Frederick William Skinnard (8 March 1902  – 5 August 1984) was a British Labour politician.

Born in Plymouth, Skinnard was educated at Devonport High School, and then the Borough Road Training College, after which he became a schoolteacher in London.  He also joined the Labour Party and the Fabian Society, and served on the central executive committee of the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children.

Skinnard was elected Member of Parliament for the normally Conservative seat of Harrow East in 1945.  He served until 1950 when it reverted to the Conservatives.  After his defeat, he became registrar and external director of examinations for the Institute of Optical Science.

Fabian Society
The Fabian Society (/ˈfeɪbiən/) is a British socialist organisation whose purpose is to advance the principles of social democracy and democratic socialism via gradualist and reformist effort in democracies, rather than by revolutionary overthrow. It is related to radicalism, a left-wing liberal tradition.

As one of the founding organisations of the Labour Representation Committee in 1900, and as an important influence upon the Labour Party which grew from it, the Fabian Society has strongly influenced British politics. Members of the Fabian Society have included political leaders from other countries, such as Jawaharlal Nehru and Lee Kuan Yew, who adopted Fabian principles as part of their own political ideologies. The Fabian Society founded the London School of Economics in 1895.

Today, the society functions primarily as a think tank and is one of twenty socialist societies affiliated with the Labour Party. Similar societies exist in Australia, Canada, New Zealand and Italy.
Tracy Wilson
Tracy Wilson, CM (born September 25, 1961) is a Canadian former competitive ice dancer. With partner Rob McCall, she won the Canadian national championship seven times (1982–1988), is a three-time World bronze medallist, and the 1988 Olympic bronze medallist.

Coquitlam
Coquitlam (/koʊˈkwɪtləm/ ⓘ koh-KWIT-ləm) is a city in the Lower Mainland of British Columbia, Canada. Mainly suburban, Coquitlam is the sixth-largest city in the province, with an estimated population of 174,248 in 2024, and one of the 21 municipalities comprising Metro Vancouver. The mayor is Richard Stewart.
Suction
Suction is the day-to-day term for the movement of gases or liquids along a pressure gradient with the implication that the movement occurs because the lower pressure pulls the gas or liquid. However, the forces acting in this case do not originate from just the lower pressure side, but instead from the side of the higher pressure, as a reaction to the pressure difference.

When the pressure in one part of a physical system is reduced relative to another, the fluid or gas in the higher pressure region will exert a force relative to the region of lowered pressure, referred to as pressure-gradient force. If all gas or fluid is removed the result is a perfect vacuum in which the pressure is zero. Hence, no negative pressure forces can be generated. Accordingly, from a physics point of view, the objects are not  pulled but pushed.

Pressure-gradient force
In fluid mechanics, the pressure-gradient force  is the force that results when there is a difference in pressure across a surface.  In general, a pressure is a force per unit area across a surface.  A difference in pressure across a surface then implies a difference in force, which can result in an acceleration according to Newton's second law of motion, if there is no additional force to balance it.  The resulting force is always directed from the region of higher-pressure to the region of lower-pressure.  When a fluid is in an equilibrium state (i.e. there are no net forces, and no acceleration), the system is referred to as being in hydrostatic equilibrium.  In the case of atmospheres, the pressure-gradient force is balanced by the gravitational force, maintaining hydrostatic equilibrium. In Earth's atmosphere, for example, air pressure decreases at altitudes above Earth's surface, thus providing a pressure-gradient force which counteracts the force of gravity on the atmosphere.