hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ida Dixon
Ida Elizabeth Dixon (December 25, 1854 – November 22, 1916) was an American socialite and golf course architect from Pennsylvania. She was the first female golf course architect in the United States and perhaps in the world.  She designed the Springhaven Country Club golf course in Wallingford, Pennsylvania in 1904.

Socialite
A socialite is a person, typically a woman from a wealthy or aristocratic background, who is prominent in high society. A socialite generally spends a significant amount of time attending various fashionable social gatherings, instead of having traditional employment.
Konstantin Lashkhia
Konstantin (Kote) Lashkhia (1 September 1986, Sokhumi, Georgia - 2 July 2015, Mariupol, Ukraine) was a Georgian and Ukrainian military officer, tactical combat instructor, and fighter of the Georgian National Legion.

Georgian Legion (Ukraine)
The Georgian National Legion or Georgian Legion (Ukrainian: Грузинський національний легіон, romanized: Hruzynskyi natsionalnyi lehion; Georgian: ქართული ლეგიონი, romanized: kartuli legioni) is a military unit formed by mostly ethnic Georgian volunteers fighting on the side of Ukraine in the war in Donbas and the Russo-Ukrainian War. The unit was organized in 2014, and in 2016 it was made part of the Ukrainian Army, under the 25th Mechanized Infantry Battalion. On 15 June 2024, the unit was classified as a terrorist organization by the Russian government.

The unit was commanded by Mamuka Mamulashvili, a veteran Georgian officer.

The Georgian Legion was noted as being particularly good at recruiting Americans by Kacper Rekawek, an expert on foreign fighters in Ukraine; before the formation of the International Legion of Ukraine in 2022, most pro-Ukrainian foreign fighters served in the Georgian Legion.

As of June 2023, volunteers from 33 nationalities have joined the unit.
Dilip Kamble
Dilip Dyandev Kamble (born 1 June 1963) is an Indian politician from Maharashtra. He was an MLA representing Bharatiya Janata Party in 13th Maharashtra Legislative Assembly from Pune Cantonment from 2014 to 2019.

Maharashtra Legislative Assembly
The Maharashtra Legislative Assembly (ISO: Mahārāṣṭra Vidhānasabhā) is the lower house of the bicameral legislature of Maharashtra state in western India. It consists of 288 members directly elected from single-seat constituencies. The Assembly meets at Vidhan Bhavan in Mumbai, though the winter session is held in Nagpur. Along with the Maharashtra Legislative Council, it constitutes the legislature of Maharashtra. The presiding officer of the Assembly is the Speaker. Members of the Assembly are directly elected by the people of Maharashtra through elections held every five years, unless the Assembly is dissolved earlier. The current Assembly was elected in November 2024.
Ewa Łętowska
Ewa Łętowska (pronounced: [ˈɛva wɛ̃ˈtɔfska]; born 22 March 1940 in Warsaw) is a Polish lawyer, a specialist in civil law and professor of legal science. Since 1985, she has worked at the Institute of Law of the Polish Academy of Sciences and since 1997, she has been a member of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences. In 1988, she became the first person to be appointed the Ombudsman for Citizen Rights in Poland. Between 1999 and 2002, she served as a judge at the Supreme Administrative Court of Poland and between 2002 and 2011 as a judge of the Polish Constitutional Tribunal.

Private law
Private law is the part of a legal system that governs interactions between individual persons. It is distinguished from public law, which deals with relationships between both natural and artificial persons (i.e., organizations) and the state, including regulatory statutes, penal law and other law that affects the public order. In general terms, private law involves interactions between private individuals, whereas public law involves interrelations between the state and the general population. In legal systems of the civil law tradition, it is that part of the jus commune that involves relationships between individuals, such as the law of contracts and torts (as it is called in the common law tradition), and the law of obligations (as it is called in the civil law tradition).
Sichuanolenus
Sichuanolenus is an extinct genus from a well-known class of fossil marine arthropods, the trilobites. It lived during the later part of the Botomian stage, which lasted from approximately 524 to 518.5 million years ago. This faunal stage was part of the Cambrian Period.

Cambrian Stage 4
Cambrian Stage 4 is the still unnamed fourth stage of the Cambrian and the upper stage of Cambrian Series 2. It follows Cambrian Stage 3 and lies below the Wuliuan. The lower boundary has not been formally defined by the International Commission on Stratigraphy. One proposal is the first appearance of two trilobite genera, Olenellus or Redlichia. Another proposal is the first appearance of the trilobite species Arthricocephalus chauveaui. Both proposals will set the lower boundary close to 514.5 million years ago. The upper boundary corresponds to the beginning of the Wuliuan.
Wu Bin
Wu Bin is the name of the following Chinese people:

Wu Bin (painter), Ming dynasty painter

Wu Bin (wushu coach), martial arts coach

Wu Bin (driver), bus driver who became a folk hero for saving his passengers despite his injuries

Wu Bin (fencer), Fencer

Wu Bin (swimmer), Paralympic swimmer

Wuxi bus accident
The Wuxi bus accident occurred on May 29, 2012 when an intercity bus travelling from Wuxi to Hangzhou in China was struck by a piece of iron. The driver, Wu Bin, suffered lethal injuries but managed to control the bus and help passengers leave the vehicle. He was posthumously praised for his efforts.
North Bendigo Football Club
The North Bendigo Football Club is an Australian rules football club that competes in the Heathcote District Football League (HDFL).

The club, known as the North Bendigo Bulldogs, is based in North Bendigo, Victoria and has participated in the HDFL since 1996.

The Bulldogs have appeared in 5 grand finals, winning two, most recently in 2019.

North Bendigo
North Bendigo is a suburb of the city of Bendigo in central Victoria, Australia. North Bendigo is in the City of Greater Bendigo, 2.4 kilometres (1.5 mi) north of the Bendigo central business district. At the 2011 census, North Bendigo had a population of 3,953.
Fateh Khan Bandial
Fateh Khan Bandial (1930–2008) was a Pakistani civil servant who served as the Federal Secretary for Interior. After his retirement, he briefly served as the Caretaker Federal Interior Minister from 23 July 1993 to 19 October 1993. He was the father of Justice Umar Ata Bandial. He had also served as Deputy Commissioner of Lahore.

He died on 9 November 2008 and received a eulogy from Prime Minister Yousuf Raza Gilani.

Ministry of Interior (Pakistan)
The Ministry of Interior and Narcotics Control (Urdu: وزارتِ داخلہ, abbreviated as MoI) is a Cabinet-level ministry of the Government of Pakistan, tasked and primarily responsible for implementing the internal policies, state security, administration of internal affairs involving the state and affairs related to narcotics control.

The ministry is led by the Interior Minister, the Minister of State for Interior and the Interior Secretary. The Interior Secretary is a Grade 22 officer whereas the Interior Minister is a leading member of the federal cabinet.

On 11 February 2025, Narcotics Control ministry was merged in to Ministry of Interior as an attached department/wing of ministry and now it is called Ministry of Interior and Narcotics Control.

The minister is required to be a member of parliament. During the martial regimes of Generals Ayub Khan and Yahya Khan, from 1962 until 1971, the Interior Minister was called Home Affairs Minister.
Persecution of Baháʼís
Baháʼís are persecuted in various countries, especially in Iran, where the Baháʼí Faith originated and where a large Baháʼí population still lives. The persecution stems from the traditional Islamic perspective that Baháʼí teachings are inconsistent with Islamic  beliefs, including the finality of Muhammad's prophethood, and the placement of Baháʼís outside the Islamic religion. Thus, Baháʼís are seen as apostates from Islam.

The United Nations, European Union, rights groups including  Amnesty International and the Human Rights Watch (HRW) and scholarship have documented how the Baháʼí community in Iran has been subjected to the denial of civil rights, false imprisonment, torture, unjustified executions and the confiscation and destruction of property. According to HRW, the Iranian government’s long-term, systematic campaign against the Bahá’ís rises to the level of the crime against humanity of persecution. Baháʼís have also been significantly persecuted in Egypt.

United States Commission on International Religious Freedom
The United States Commission on International Religious Freedom (USCIRF) is a U.S. federal government commission created by the International Religious Freedom Act (IRFA) of 1998. USCIRF commissioners are appointed by the president and the leadership of both political parties in the Senate and the House of Representatives. USCIRF's principal responsibilities are to review the facts and circumstances of violations of religious freedom internationally and to make policy recommendations to the president, the secretary of state, and the Congress.
Los Pynandi World Cup Stadium
Los Pynandi World Cup Stadium (Spanish: Estadio Mundialista Los Pynandi), also known as Arena Pynandi , is a beach soccer stadium in Luque, Gran Asunción, Paraguay. It is located on the grounds of the Paraguayan Olympic Committee and was purpose-built to be the host venue of the 2019 FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup.

Gran Asunción
Gran Asunción (lit. 'Greater Asunción') is the metropolitan area of Asunción, the capital city of Paraguay.

It consists of twenty cities: Asunción itself and the surrounding cities in Central Department. One in three Paraguayans live in this metropolitan area, which has more than 2.7 million inhabitants.
Turn on, tune in, drop out
"Turn on, tune in, drop out" is a counterculture-era phrase popularized by Timothy Leary in 1966. In 1967, Leary spoke at the Human Be-In, a gathering of 30,000 hippies in Golden Gate Park in San Francisco and phrased the famous words, "Turn on, tune in, drop out". It was also the title of his spoken word album recorded in 1966. On this album, Leary can be heard speaking in a monotone soft voice on his views about the world and humanity, describing nature, Indian symbols, "the meaning of inner life", the LSD experience, peace, and many other issues.

Turn On, Tune In, Drop Out (album)
Turn On, Tune In, Drop Out is a 1967 album credited to Timothy Leary, created to accompany the documentary film of the same name. It contains narrated meditation mixed with freeform psychedelic rock music.
Timeline of steam power
Steam power developed slowly over a period of several hundred years, progressing through expensive and fairly limited devices in the early 17th century, to useful pumps for mining in 1700, and then to Watt's improved steam engine designs in the late 18th century. It is these later designs, introduced just when the need for practical power was growing due to the Industrial Revolution, that truly made steam power commonplace.

Stanley Motor Carriage Company
The Stanley Motor Carriage Company was an American manufacturer of steam cars that operated from 1902 to 1924, going defunct after it failed to adapt to competition from rapidly improving internal combustion engine vehicles. The cars made by the company were colloquially called Stanley Steamers although several different models were produced.
Inka Mach'ay, Bolivia
Inka Mach'ay (Quechua inka Inca, mach'ay cave, "Inca cave", hispanicized spellings Incamachay, Inca Machay) is an archaeological site in Bolivia. It is situated in the Chuquisaca Department, Oropeza Province, Sucre Municipality, at a height of 3,510 metres (11,516 ft). Inka Mach'ay was declared a National Monument on May 27, 1958, by Supreme Decrete No. 4954.

Chuquisaca Department
Chuquisaca (Spanish pronunciation: [tʃukiˈsaka]; Guarani: Chuquisaca; Quechua: Chuqichaka; Aymara: Chuqisaka) is a department of Bolivia located in the center south. It borders on the departments of Cochabamba, Tarija, Potosí, and Santa Cruz. The departmental capital is Sucre, which is also the constitutional capital of Bolivia.
Gauliga Niedersachsen
The Gauliga Niedersachsen was the highest football league in the Prussian Province of Hanover and the German states of Bremen, Brunswick, Schaumburg-Lippe and Oldenburg from 1933 to 1945. Shortly after the formation of the league, the Nazis reorganised the administrative regions in Germany, and the Gaue Südhannover-Braunschweig, Ost-Hannover and Weser-Ems de facto replaced the Prussian province and the German states in the region of Lower Saxony (German:Niedersachsen), although de jure the old states continued to exist.

From 1942, the Gauliga Niedersachsen was split into two separate leagues, the Gauliga Südhannover-Braunschweig and the Gauliga Weser-Ems. In turn, the Gauliga Osthannover was separated from the Gauliga Südhannover-Braunschweig in 1943.

De jure
In law and government, de jure (/deɪ ˈdʒʊəri, di -, - ˈjʊər-/; Latin: [deː ˈjuːre]; lit. 'from law') describes practices that are officially recognized by laws or other formal norms, regardless of whether the practice exists in reality. The phrase is often used in contrast with de facto ('from fact'), which describes situations that exist in reality, even if not formally recognized.
Syed Aqil Shah
Syed Aqil Shah (born 13 February 1950), is a Pakistani politician, president of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Olympic Association, and the former president of Pakistan Wrestling Federation, provincial minister for sports, tourism and culture who represented Provincial Assembly of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa from PK-4 (Swat-III) constituency. Aqil served twice as state minister after contesting assembly elections of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in 2008 and later the 2013 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provincial election. Aqil has served twice as a member of Peshawar Cantonment, the senate, and provincial secretary for information.

He also served as president of the North-West Frontier Province (NWFP) Olympic Association, and later he was appointed as vice-president of the National Olympic Committee of Pakistan. As a president of Pakistan Wrestling Federation (PWF), he represented the country at multi-sport events held at domestic and international level, including the Seoul Olympics.

Multi-sport event
A multi-sport event is an organized sporting event, often held over multiple days, featuring competition in many different sports among organized teams of athletes from (mostly) nation-states. The first major, modern, multi-sport event of international significance was the Olympic Games, first held in modern times in 1896 in Athens, Greece, and inspired by the ancient Olympic Games, one of a number of such events held in antiquity. Most modern multi-sport events have the same basic structure. Games are held over the 
course of several days in and around a "host city", which changes for each competition. Countries send national teams to each competition, consisting of individual athletes and teams that compete in a wide variety of sports.  Athletes or teams are awarded gold, silver or bronze medals for first, second and third place respectively. Each game is generally held every four years, though some are annual competitions.
Nell Jackson
Nell Cecelia Jackson (July 1, 1929 – April 1, 1988) was an Olympic sprinter and track coach. In 1956, she was the first African-American be named head coach of the U.S. Olympic Women's Track and Field Team. She also served as the head coach in the 1972 Olympic Games. Nell was a member of Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority.

Alpha Kappa Alpha
Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, Inc. (ΑΚΑ) is a historically African-American sorority. The sorority was founded in 1908 at Howard University in Washington, D.C. Alpha Kappa Alpha was incorporated in 1913. It is a member of the National Pan-Hellenic Council (NPHC), a group of historically Black fraternities and sororities often called the Divine Nine.

In 2025, Alpha Kappa Alpha had more than 365,000 members in 1,085 chapters in the United States and eleven other countries. Women may join through undergraduate chapters at a college or university, or graduate chapters after acquiring an undergraduate or advanced college degree.
Saint-Amand-Montrond
Saint-Amand-Montrond (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃.t‿amɑ̃ mɔ̃ʁɔ̃] ⓘ) is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France and the historical province of Bourbonnais about 26 miles (42 km) southeast of Bourges, in the basin of the eastern banks of the Cher which separates it from the commune of Orval.

A small river, the Marmande, joins the Cher there, and the canal de Berry crosses the commune from southeast to southwest.

Berry Canal
The Canal de Berry (French pronunciation: [kanal də beʁi]) is a disused canal in France which links the Canal latéral à la Loire at Marseilles-lès-Aubigny with the Cher at Noyers rejoining the Loire near Tours. With a branch from Montluçon it provided 261 kilometres (162 mi) of canal with locks 2.7 metres (8.9 ft) wide from 1840 until its closure in 1955. There is now a 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) long operational segment with five locks between Selles-sur-Cher and Noyers-sur-Cher.
Omar Ramsden
Omar Ramsden (1873–1939) was an English silversmith. He was one of England's leading designers and makers of silverware. He lived on Fir Street in Walkley, Sheffield, Yorkshire, but spent his entire career working in London.

Walkley
Walkley is a suburb of Sheffield, England, west of Burngreave, south of Hillsborough and north-east of Crookes.

The area consists mainly of Victorian stone-fronted terraced housing and has a relatively high student population. It also has a number of independent shops and cafes.
Nunes
Nunes is a common Portuguese surname. Origin: Português patronymic (son of Nuno). The name itself is believed to be either of Latin "Nunnus, Nonnus", or crypto-Judaism. etymology.
Some Sephardic Jews adopted this name.

Pedro Nunes
Pedro Nunes (Portuguese: [ˈpeðɾu ˈnunɨʃ]; Latin: Petrus Nonius; 1502 – 11 August 1578) was a Portuguese mathematician, cosmographer, and professor, probably from a New Christian (of Jewish origin) family.

Considered one of the greatest mathematicians of his time, Nunes is best known for being the first to approach navigation and cartography with mathematical tools. Among other accomplishments, he was the first to propose the idea of a loxodrome (a rhumb line), and was the inventor of several measuring devices, including the nonius (from which the Vernier scale was derived), named after his Latin surname.
Maker's Mark Mile Stakes
The Maker's Mark Mile Stakes is a Grade I American Thoroughbred horse race for horses age four years old and older over a distance of one mile on the turf held annually in early April at Keeneland Race Course, Lexington, Kentucky during the spring meeting.

Keeneland
Keeneland Association, Inc. is an equine business based in Lexington, Kentucky, United States. It includes two distinct divisions: the Keeneland Race Course, a Thoroughbred racing facility, and Keeneland Sales, a horse auction complex. It is also known for its reference library.

In 2009, the Horseplayers Association of North America introduced a rating system for 65 Thoroughbred racetracks in North America.  Keeneland was ranked #1 of the top ten tracks. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and designated a National Historic Landmark in 1986.
Jasmineira elegans
Jasmineira elegans is a macrobenthic suspension feeder native to the coastal waters of the Northern Atlantic, Mediterranean Sea, and Red Sea. The worm is sessile and lives in sandy substrates where it utilizes suspension feeding in order to acquire nutrients.

Sessility (motility)
Sessility, a property of certain animals, is a lack of self-locomotion. Sessile animals do not have natural motility, and are immobile unless there are external forces (such as water currents). Usually, sessile animals are permanently attached to a solid object, such as a rock, a dead tree trunk, or a human-made object such as a buoy or ship's hull. Organisms such as corals lay down their own substrate from which they grow.

Biological sessility differs from the botanical concept of sessility, which refers to an organism or biological structure attached directly by its base without a stalk.
Andrew Semple
Andrew Semple (June 10, 1837 – January 22, 1916) was a Canadian grain merchant, miller, and politician.

Born in Glasgow, Scotland, he emigrated to Canada with his family in 1841 settling in Canada West. Semple was educated at the Common Schools in the County of Simcoe. A farmer and miller, he held the offices of Councillor and Reeve of East Garafraxa for two years. He was first elected to the House of Commons of Canada for the electoral district of Wellington Centre in the 1887 federal election. A Liberal, he was re-elected in 1891 and 1896. He was defeated in 1900.

Wellington Centre
Wellington Centre was a federal electoral district represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1867 to 1904. It was located in the province of Ontario.

It was created by the British North America Act 1867, which divided the County of Wellington, divided into North, South and Centre Ridings. The Centre Riding consisted of the Townships of Anson, Garrafraxa, Erin, Eramosa, Nichol, and Pilkington, and the Villages of Fergus and Elora.

In 1872, it was defined to consist of the Townships of Pilkington, Elora, Nichol, Fergus, Garrafraxa West, Garrafraxa East, Peel and the Village of Orangeville. In 1882, the township Maryboro' was added to the riding.

The electoral district was abolished in 1903 when it was redistributed between Dufferin, Wellington North and Wellington South ridings.
Joseph Roger de Benoist
Joseph Roger de Benoist (2 August 1923 – 15 February 2017) was a French missionary, journalist, and historian. His main areas of study were French West Africa and the history of the Catholic Church in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in Senegal, where he lived for several decades.

French West Africa
French West Africa (French: Afrique-Occidentale française, AOF) was a federation of eight French colonial territories in West Africa: Mauritania, Senegal, French Sudan (now Mali), French Guinea (now Guinea), Ivory Coast, Upper Volta (now Burkina Faso), Dahomey (now Benin) and Niger. The federation existed from 1895 until 1958. Its capital was Saint-Louis in Senegal until 1902, and then Dakar until the federation's collapse in 1960.

With an area of 4,689,000 km2, French West Africa was eight times the size of Metropolitan France. French Equatorial Africa had an additional area of 2,500,000 km2.
A10 road (Sri Lanka)
The A10 road is an A-Grade trunk road in Sri Lanka. It connects Katugastota with Puttalam.

The A10 passes through Galagedara, Mawathagama, Kurunegala, Wariyapola, Padeniya, Nikavaratiya, Anamaduwa, and Kalladi to reach Puttalam.

Wariyapola
Wariyapola (වාරියපොල) is a town in the Kurunegala District, North Western province, Sri Lanka. Wariyapola is 94 metres (308 ft) above the sea level. Wariyapola is mostly known by sri Lankans because of the Wariyapola Sri Sumangala Tero, who  take down the Union Jack and re-hoisting the Sinhalese lion flag, before the convention that handed over control of the island to the British in 1815.

Wariyapola in Sinhalese means “place for plane landing”, and is believed to be one of the landing sites of Ravana’s chariot or vimana, Dandu Monara Yanthraya.