hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Astrebla
Astrebla is a small genus of xerophytic (adapted to survive in an environment with little liquid water) grasses found only in Australia. They are the dominant grass across much of the continent. They are commonly known as Mitchell grass after Scottish explorer Thomas Mitchell (1792-1855), who first collected a specimen near Bourke in New South Wales.

Mitchell grasses grow on clay soils, mainly between an upper limit of 600 millimetres or 24 inches and a lower limit of 200 millimetres or 8 inches average annual rainfall, and at even lower rainfall in depressions where the water concentrates following rains, for example in Sturt's Stony Desert. Mitchell grasses are deep-rooted and become dormant during drought, allowing them to survive extended periods without rainfall.

They are commonly found clumped together and reaching one metre high, providing habitat for organisms such as mammals.

Species

Xerophyte
A xerophyte (from Ancient Greek  ξηρός (xērós) 'dry' and  φυτόν (phutón) 'plant') is a species of plant that has adaptations to survive in an environment with little liquid water. Examples of xerophytes include cacti, pineapple and some gymnosperm plants. The morphology and physiology of xerophytes are adapted to conserve water during dry periods. Some species called resurrection plants can survive long periods of extreme dryness or desiccation of their tissues, during which their metabolic activity may effectively shut down. Plants with such morphological and physiological adaptations are said to be xeromorphic. Xerophytes such as cacti are capable of withstanding extended periods of dry conditions as they have deep-spreading roots and capacity to store water. Their waxy, thorny leaves prevent loss of moisture.
Stann Waithe
Stann Waithe (born November 3, 1985) is a Trinidadian sprinter, who specialized in the 400 metres. He is a member of the track and field team for the Michigan Wolverines, while attending the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, Michigan.

Waithe competed for the men's 4 × 400 m relay at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, along with his teammates Ato Modibo, Jovon Toppin, and Cowin Mills. He ran on the anchor leg of the second heat, with an individual-split time of 46.43 seconds. Waithe and his team finished the relay in fifth place for a seasonal best time of 3:04.12, failing to advance into the final.

Michigan Wolverines
The Michigan Wolverines comprise 27 varsity sports teams at the University of Michigan, including 13 men's teams and 14 women's teams. These teams compete in the NCAA's Division I and in the Big Ten Conference in all sports except women's water polo, which competes in the NCAA inter-divisional Collegiate Water Polo Association. Team colors are maize and blue, though these are different shades of "maize" and "blue" from those used by the university at large. The winged helmet is a recognized icon of Michigan Athletics.

In 13 of the previous 24 years (as of the end of 2021–22), Michigan has finished in the top five of the NACDA Directors' Cup, a list compiled by the National Association of Collegiate Directors of Athletics that charts institutions' overall success in college sports. UM has finished in the top ten of the Directors' Cup standings in twenty-three of the award's thirty seasons (through 2024); 6th best nationally.
Air Tractor AT-602
The Air Tractor AT-602 is an agricultural aircraft manufactured by Air Tractor Inc, that first flew in the United States on 1 December 1995. Of monoplane low-wing, taildragger configuration, it carries a chemical hopper between the engine firewall and the cockpit. It was designed to fill a gap in the Air Tractor range, between the AT-500 series with a 500 US gal (1,890 L) capacity and the AT-802 with a 810 US gal (3,070 L) capacity.

Conventional landing gear
Conventional landing gear, also known as tailwheel-type landing gear or taildragger, is a type of aircraft undercarriage (landing gear) consisting of two wheeled main gears forward of the center of gravity and a small wheel or skid at the rear end under the tail boom.

Taildraggers are the default undercarriage arrangements of almost all early aircraft up to the first half of the 20th century and the term "conventional" persists for this historical reason, but all modern jet aircraft and most modern propeller fixed-wing aircraft use tricycle landing gears instead, which have a single front gear (nose gear) and two aft main gears.
Gold Brook Covered Bridge
Gold Brook Covered Bridge, also known as Stowe Hollow Bridge or Emily's Bridge, is a small wooden covered bridge in the town of Stowe, Lamoille County, Vermont, carrying Covered Bridge Road over Gold Brook. Built in 1844, it is the only 19th-century covered bridge in the state built using wooden Howe trusses and carrying a public roadway.  It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.

Lamoille County, Vermont
Lamoille County (/ləˈmɔɪl/) is a county located in the U.S. state of Vermont. As of the 2020 census, the population was 25,945, and it is the third-least populous county in Vermont. Its shire town (county seat) is the town of Hyde Park, while Morristown is the county's largest town by population as well as its main commercial center. The county was created in 1835 from portions of Orleans, Franklin, Washington, and Chittenden Counties and organized the following year.
Liudmila Kovnatskaya
Liudmila Grigorievna Kovnatskaya (5 February 1941 – 9 May 2023) was a Russian musicologist. She was a professor at the St Petersburg State Conservatoire named after N. Rimsky-Korsakov (1987), and the Chief Researcher at the Russian Institute of Fine Arts History in St Petersburg. She was considered an Honoured Art Worker of Russian Federation.

Saint Petersburg Conservatory
The N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov Saint Petersburg State Conservatory (Russian: Санкт-Петербургская государственная консерватория имени Н. А. Римского-Корсакова) (formerly known as the Petrograd Conservatory and Leningrad Conservatory) is a school of music in Saint Petersburg, Russia. In 2013, the conservatory had around 400 faculty members and over 1300 students.
Yoshida-Kōriyama Castle
Yoshida-Kōriyama Castle (吉田郡山城, Yoshida-Kōriyama-jō) was a Japanese castle located in Akitakata, Hiroshima Prefecture. It was also called Aki-Kōriyama Castle (安芸郡山城, Aki-Kōriyama-jō) from its location in former Aki Province. Its ruins have been protected by the central government as a National Historic Site since 1940.

Aki Province
Aki Province (安芸国, Aki no Kuni; Japanese pronunciation: [aꜜ.kʲi (no kɯ.ɲi)]) or Geishū (芸州) was a province in the Chūgoku region of western Honshu, comprising the western part of what is today Hiroshima Prefecture.
Davitiani
Davitiani (Georgian: დავითიანი) is the work of autobiographical poetry by Davit Guramishvili. Apart from the author's turbulent and eventful life, the book explores subjects such as religion, politics, patriotism and war. Despite being generally regarded as the most important work of Georgian literature in the 18th century, it was never published in the author's lifetime. While the poems were written in various periods of Guramishvili's life, the most important works were created in the last decades thereof. The author sent the raw manuscript from Myrhorod, Ukraine, where he resided at the time, to Tbilisi, Georgia in 1787 where it remained unpublished until the following century.

Patriotism
Patriotism is the feeling of love, devotion, and a sense of attachment to one's country or state. This attachment can be a combination of different feelings for things such as the language of one's homeland, and its ethnic, cultural, political, or historical aspects. It may encompass a set of concepts closely related to nationalism, mostly civic nationalism and sometimes cultural nationalism.
Galactic Pot-Healer
Galactic Pot-Healer is a science fiction novel by American writer Philip K. Dick, first published in 1969. The novel deals with a number of philosophical and political issues such as repressive societies, fatalism, and the search for meaning in life.

Dick also wrote a children's book set in the same universe, Nick and the Glimmung, in 1966. It was published posthumously in 1988.

Fatalism
Fatalism is a belief and philosophical doctrine which considers the entire universe as a deterministic system and stresses the subjugation of all events, actions, and behaviors to fate or destiny, which is commonly associated with the consequent attitude of resignation in the face of future events which are thought to be inevitable and outside of human control.
Michael J. O'Malley
Michael J. O'Malley (born in Boston, Massachusetts) is an American Taekwondo athlete and instructor.

O'Malley competed in Taekwondo from 1976 through 1982. He was chosen for the USA Taekwondo teams from 1978 through 1982. He was elected US Team Captain in 1980 and US Team Coach in 1984.

O'Malley was inducted into the Tae Kwon Do Hall of Fame in 2011.

O'Malley set up the M.J. O'Malley Tae Kwon Do Center in Peabody, MA in early 2011.

USA Taekwondo
USA Taekwondo (USAT) is the national governing body (NGB) of Taekwondo for the United States Olympic Committee (USOC) and thus the United States' official Member National Association of World Taekwondo USAT has complete authority over all decisions regarding US national junior and senior team selections for World Taekwondo events, including the Summer Olympic Games Taekwondo competition event.
Dymitr of Sienno
Dymitr of Sienno (Polish: Dymitr z Sienna) was a 15th-century Polish nobleman of the Dębno coat of arms. He was Castellan of Sanok, Pastor of Skalbmierz, Canon of Kraków (1452) and Gniezno Cathedral (1454), and the heir to the Rymanów Castle.

His mother was Catherine of Oleśnica daughter of Dmitry of Goraj, and his father was Dobiesław of Oleśnica. He was also nephew of Cardinal Zbigniew Oleśnicki.

Skalbmierz
Skalbmierz [ˈskalbmʲɛʂ] ⓘ is a town in southern Poland, in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in Kazimierza County. It has 1,326 inhabitants (2004). Skalbmierz has a long and rich history, the town belongs to the historic region of Lesser Poland.
Grootfontein
Grootfontein (lit. 'great fountain') is a city with 26,839 inhabitants in the Otjozondjupa Region of central Namibia. It is one of the three towns in the Otavi Triangle, situated on the B8 national road that leads from Otavi to the Caprivi Strip.

SWAPO
The South West Africa People's Organisation (SWAPO /ˈswɑːpoʊ/; Afrikaans: Suidwes-Afrikaanse Volks Organisasie, SWAVO; German: Südwestafrikanische Volksorganisation, SWAVO), officially known as the SWAPO Party of Namibia, is a political party and former independence movement in Namibia (formerly South West Africa). Founded in 1960, it has been the governing party in Namibia since the country achieved independence in 1990. The party continues to be dominated in number and influence by the Ovambo ethnic group.

SWAPO held a two-thirds majority in parliament from 1994 to 2019. In the general election held in November 2019, the party won 65.5% of the popular vote and 63 out of the 104 seats in the National Assembly. It also holds 28 out of the 42 seats in the National Council. From November 2017 until his death in February 2024, Namibian President Hage Geingob remained the president of SWAPO after being elected to the position at the party's electoral congress.
Clare (UK Parliament constituency)
County Clare was a parliamentary constituency in Ireland, represented in the Parliament of the United Kingdom. From 1801 to 1885 it returned two Members of Parliament (MPs) to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.

At the 1885 general election, County Clare was split into two divisions: East Clare and West Clare.

1885 United Kingdom general election
The 1885 United Kingdom general election was held from 24 November to 18 December 1885. The first general election after an extension of the franchise and redistribution of seats, it saw the Liberals lose their majority.

The election saw the Liberals, led by William Gladstone, win the most seats, but not an overall majority, so a minority government was necessary. The Irish Nationalists held the balance of power between the Liberals and the Conservatives who sat with a large number of allied Unionist MPs (their name referred to their support for the Union of Great Britain and Ireland). The pressure of minority government status exacerbated divisions within the Liberals over Irish Home Rule. This led to a Liberal split that caused another general election the following year.

The 1885 election saw the first socialist party participate, with the Social Democratic Federation led by H. M. Hyndman standing three candidates. None were elected.
Richard Conrad
Richard Conrad (August 12, 1935 – August 26, 2019) was an American singer, voice teacher, and impresario whose voice at times inhabited both the tenor and baritone ranges. He sang in opera, cabaret and musicals. He is perhaps best known for his 1963 recorded collaboration with Joan Sutherland and Marilyn Horne, conducted by Richard Bonynge, known as The Age of Bel Canto.

Vanessa (opera)
Vanessa is an American opera in three (originally four) acts by Samuel Barber, opus 32, with an original English libretto by Gian Carlo Menotti.  It was composed in 1956–1957 and was first performed at the Metropolitan Opera in New York City on January 15, 1958 under the baton of Dimitri Mitropoulos in a production designed by Cecil Beaton and directed by Menotti.  Barber revised the opera in 1964, reducing the four acts to the three-act version most commonly performed today.
Ronald McKinnon Wood
Ronald McKinnon Wood OBE (11 May 1892–22 October 1967) was a Labour Member of London County Council for Bethnal Green from 1946 to 1961. He served as Chairman of London County Council from 1957 to 1958.

The son of Thomas McKinnon Wood, he was educated at Highgate School, Merchant Taylors' School, Northwood and Pembroke College, Cambridge.

He married Gwendoline Elaine Dykes Spicer, daughter of Sir Albert Spicer, 1st Baronet in 1918. They had three children together.

Highgate School
Highgate School, formally Sir Roger Cholmeley's School at Highgate, is a co-educational, fee-charging, private day school, founded in 1565 in Highgate, London, England. It educates over 1,400 pupils in three sections – Highgate Pre-Preparatory School (ages 4–8), Highgate junior school (ages 8–11) and the senior school (11+) – which together comprise the Highgate Foundation. As part of its wider work the charity was from 2010 a founding partner of the London Academy of Excellence and it is now also the principal education sponsor of an associated Academy, the London Academy of Excellence Tottenham, which opened in September 2017. The principal business sponsor is Tottenham Hotspur FC. The charity also funds the Chrysalis Partnership, a scheme supporting 26 state schools in six London boroughs.
Japanese torpedo boat Kiji
Two Japanese warships have borne the name Kiji:

Japanese torpedo boat Kiji (1903), a Hayabusa-class torpedo boat launched in 1903 and stricken in 1923

Japanese torpedo boat Kiji (1937), an Ōtori-class torpedo boat launched in 1937 and ceded to Russia as Vnimatel'nyy in 1947 .

Hayabusa-class torpedo boat
The Hayabusa-class torpedo boats (Hayabusa-gata suiraitei) were a class of fifteen 1st class torpedo boats constructed for the Imperial Japanese Navy as part of the 1896 Ten Year Naval Expansion Programme. They were completed between 1900 and 1904.

All of the vessels served in the Russo-Japanese War. They were notable for their attacks on the Russian fleet on the night of 27/28 May 1905 during the Battle of Tsushima, expending many torpedoes. They were able to inflict significant damage on a number of Russian ships, that were scuttled or sunk the next day.

After serving in World War I, all fifteen vessels were decommissioned between 1919 and 1923; some were scrapped, others turned into auxiliaries.  For example, Kiji was used at the Navy Torpedo School in Yokosuka from 15 December 1923 to 2 October 1926.
1981 Australasian Individual Speedway Championship
The 1981 Australasian Individual Speedway Championship was the sixth annual Australasian Final for Motorcycle speedway riders from Australia and New Zealand as part of the qualification for the 1981 Speedway World Championship.

This was the final time the Australasian Championship was staged. It was held at the 300 metres (330 yards) Liverpool City Raceway in Sydney. The Final was easily won by six time World Champion Ivan Mauger who scored a 15-point maximum to win his second Australasian Championship. Surprisingly, Australia's leading riders Phil Crump and reigning Australian Champion Billy Sanders (who was actually riding on his home track) failed to qualify for the Overseas Final to be held at the White City Stadium in London, England. Sanders won a runoff with Crump to be the reserve rider in London.

White City Stadium
White City Stadium in London, England, was built for the 1908 Summer Olympics. It hosted the finish of the first modern marathon and swimming, speedway, boxing, show jumping, athletics, stock car racing, concerts and a match at the 1966 World Cup.

From 1927, it was a venue for greyhound racing, hosting the English Greyhound Derby until its closure in 1984. The stadium was demolished in 1985 and the site is now occupied by White City Place.

White City was also used for stock car racing in the early seventies when Spedeworth promoted racing on Friday nights usually alternate Fridays to their Walthamstow promotions.
Agustin Perdices
Agustin Ramon Miciano Perdices (October 16, 1934 – January 5, 2011), fondly known as Tuting, was a Filipino politician. He served as the mayor of the city of Dumaguete from 1992 to 1998 and again from 2001 to 2010 before being elected vice governor of Negros Oriental in the gubernatorial election of May 2010. However, the vice-governor-elect found himself governor-elect of Negros Oriental following the death of the just re-elected incumbent governor, Emilio Macias II, from liver cancer on June 13, 2010. Outgoing Vice Governor Jose Baldado took over as governor during the remaining days of Macias's term before Perdices then officially took the post of governor on June 30, 2010.

In November, just five months after taking office, Governor Perdices announced that he had been diagnosed with stomach cancer. He died at St. Luke's Global City Hospital in Taguig at 5 p.m. on January 5, 2011, at the age of 76.

2010 Philippine gubernatorial elections
Gubernatorial elections were held in the Philippines on May 10, 2010. All provinces elected their provincial governors for three-year terms that will begin on June 30, 2010. Governors that are currently serving their third consecutive terms are prohibited from running as governors (they may run in any other position).

Highly urbanized cities and independent component cities such as Zamboanga City, Angeles City and Cebu City, and including Metro Manila and the municipality of Pateros are outside the jurisdiction of any province and thus won't elect for governors of their mother provinces (Pampanga and Cebu, for Angeles and Cebu City). They, along with Metro Manila would elect mayors instead.
Anders Bording
Anders Christensen Bording (21 January 1619 – 24 May 1677) was a Danish poet and journalist. He was born in Ribe. He is notable for his epigrams, ballads, occasional poems and epistles, as well as for publishing the first Danish newspaper, the monthly Den Danske Mercurius, written in verse entirely by him.

Epigram
An epigram is a brief, interesting, memorable, sometimes surprising or satirical statement. The word derives from the Greek ἐπίγραμμα (epígramma, "inscription", from ἐπιγράφειν [epigráphein], "to write on, to inscribe"). This literary device has been practiced for over two millennia.

The presence of wit or sarcasm tends to distinguish non-poetic epigrams from aphorisms and adages, which typically do not show those qualities.
Kattupalli Island
Kattupalli Island, also referred to sometimes as the Ennore Island is an island on the southern periphery of the Pulicat Lake and separated from the mainland by backwaters. The Kattupalli Shipyard is located on the island. The island is covered by scrub jungle and has some casuarina and coconut plantations. Many varieties of animals and birds are found here. The island is 25 kilometres (16 mi) north of Fort St. George and 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) from Ennore.

Pulicat Lake
Pulicat Lake is the second-largest brackish-water lagoon in India (after Chilika Lake), measuring 759 square kilometres (293 sq mi). A major part of the lagoon lies in the Tirupati district of Andhra Pradesh. The lagoon is one of three important wetlands that attracts northeast monsoon rainclouds during the October-to-December season. The lagoon comprises the following regions: Pulicat Lake (Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu), Marshy/Wetland Land Region (AP), Venadu Reserve Forest (AP), and Pernadu Reserve Forest (AP). The lagoon was cut across in the middle by the Sriharikota Link Road, which divided the water body into lagoon and marshy land. The lagoon encompasses the Pulicat Lake Bird Sanctuary. The barrier island of Sriharikota separates the lagoon from the Bay of Bengal and is home to the Indian Space Research Organisation's Satish Dhawan Space Centre.
Młyny, West Pomeranian Voivodeship
Młyny [ˈmwɨnɨ] (formerly German: Möllendorf) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pyrzyce, within Pyrzyce County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

The village has a population of 117.

Pyrzyce County
Pyrzyce County (Polish: powiat pyrzycki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in West Pomeranian Voivodeship, north-western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Pyrzyce, which lies 38 kilometres (24 mi) south-east of the regional capital Szczecin. The only other town in the county is Lipiany, lying 16 km (10 mi) south of Pyrzyce.

The county covers an area of 725.71 square kilometres (280.2 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 39,931, out of which the population of Pyrzyce is 12,642, that of Lipiany is 4,124, and the rural population is 23,165.
El retablo de maese Pedro
El retablo de maese Pedro (Master Peter's Puppet Show) is a puppet-opera in one act with a prologue and epilogue, composed by Manuel de Falla to a Spanish libretto based on an episode from Don Quixote by Miguel de Cervantes. The libretto is an abbreviation of chapter 26 of the second part of Don Quixote, with some lines added from other parts of the work. Falla composed this opera "in devoted homage to the glory of Miguel de Cervantes" and dedicated it to the Princess de Polignac, who commissioned the work. Because of its brief length by operatic standards (about 27 minutes), its very challenging part for a boy opera performer (who has by far the most lines), and its use of puppets, it is not part of the standard operatic repertoire.

Otto Mayer-Serra has described this opera as a work where Falla reached beyond "Andalusianism" for his immediate musical influence and colour and began the transition into the "Hispanic neo-classicism" of his later works.

Otto Mayer-Serra
Otto Mayer-Serra (1904 in Barcelona, Spain – 1968 in Mexico City), was a Spanish-Mexican musicologist known for being one of the first musicologist to write a systematic study of 20th century Mexican music.