hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lectionary 263
Lectionary 263, designated by siglum ℓ 263 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), is a Greek manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12th century.
Scrivener labelled it as 193e,
Gregory by 158e. The manuscript has complex contents.

Scribal abbreviation
Scribal abbreviations, or sigla (singular: siglum), are abbreviations used by ancient and medieval scribes writing in various languages, including Latin, Greek, Old English and Old Norse.

In modern manuscript editing (substantive and mechanical) sigla are the symbols used to indicate the source manuscript (e.g. variations in text between different such manuscripts).
Northern Division, Fiji
The Northern Division is one of four Divisions into which Fiji's fourteen Provinces are grouped for local government purposes. The administrative centre of the Division, where main governmental departments are located, is Labasa.

The Northern Division covers three Provinces: Macuata, Cakaudrove, and Bua, and includes the entire island of Vanua Levu.  This is based on the decisions of the traditional Fijian Provinces, as well as administrative considerations. Excluding the Lau Islands, which form part of the Eastern Division, the Northern Division is coextensive with the Tovata Confederacy.

Notable Fijian leaders from the Northern Division include Ratu Sir Penaia Ganilau, the first President of the Fijian republic (1987–1993). Prime Minister Sitiveni Rabuka is also from the Northern Division. Ratu Wiliame Katonivere, the current President of Fiji, is from the Northern Division.

Cakaudrove Province
Cakaudrove (Fijian pronunciation: [ðaˈkɔuɳɖʳoβe]) is one of fourteen provinces of Fiji, and one of three based principally on the northern island of Vanua Levu, occupying the south-eastern third of the island and including the nearby islands of Taveuni, Rabi, Kioa, and numerous other islands in the Vanua Levu Group. It has a total land area of 2,816 square kilometers, with a population of 50,447 at the most recent census in 2017, making it the seventh most populous province. The only major town is Savusavu, with a population of 5,494 in 2017.
Alceo Galliera
Alceo Galliera (3 May 1910 – 21 April 1996) was a distinguished Italian conductor and composer. He was the son of Arnaldo Galliera (1871—1934) who taught in organ class at the Parma Conservatory.

Galliera was born in Milan in 1910 and studied piano, organ, and composition at the Milan Conservatory.

Among the orchestras he conducted were those of La Scala and the Santa Cecilia Academy in Rome. He conducted operas in which Maria Callas sang, as well as concerts with such great pianists as Claudio Arrau, Arturo Benedetti Michelangeli and Dinu Lipatti. He also appeared at the Lucerne Festival where he conducted the Philharmonia Orchestra, and the Salzburg Festival with the Vienna Philharmonic. In 1950-51 he was the conductor of the Melbourne Symphony Orchestra (then known as the Victorian Symphony Orchestra).

His compositions include 'Scherzo-Tarantella' and 'The Wise Virgins and the Foolish Virgins'.

Claudio Arrau
Claudio Arrau León (Spanish: [ˈklawðjo aˈraw]; February 6, 1903 – June 9, 1991) was a Chilean and American pianist known for his interpretations of a vast repertoire spanning the baroque to 20th-century composers, especially Bach, Mozart, Beethoven, Schubert, Chopin, Schumann, Liszt and Brahms. He is widely considered one of the greatest pianists of the twentieth century.
George Proeser
George "Yatz" Proeser (May 30, 1864 – October 13, 1941) was a starting pitcher and right fielder in Major League Baseball who played for the Cleveland Blues (1888) and Syracuse Stars (1890) teams of the American Association. Listed at 5 ft 10 in (1.78 m), 190 lb., Proeser batted and threw left-handed. He was born in Cincinnati.

In a two-season career, Proeser posted a 3–4 record with a 3.81 ERA in seven pitching appearances, all complete games including one shutout, giving up 25 earned runs on 53 hits and 30 walks while striking out 20 in 59.0 innings of work. As a hitter, he collected a .263 batting average (20-for-76) with one home run and seven RBI in 20 games, including 16 runs, three doubles, one triple, one stolen base, and a .356 on-base percentage.

Proeser died in New Burlington, Ohio, at the age of 77.

American Association (1882–1891)
The American Association of Base Ball Clubs (AA) was a professional baseball league that existed for 10 seasons from 1882 to 1891. Together with the National League (NL), founded in 1876, the AA participated in an early version of the World Series seven times versus the champion of the NL in an interleague championship playoff tournament. At the end of its run, several AA franchises joined the NL. After 1891, the NL existed alone, with each season's champions being awarded the Temple Cup (1894–1897).

During its existence, the AA was often simply referred to as "the Association" in the media, in contrast to the NL, which was sometimes called "the League". It was also sometimes called the "Beer and Whiskey League".
Kurdistan Democratic Independence Party (PASOK)
The Kurdistan Independence Democratic Party (Kurdish: Partî Serbexoyî Dîmokratî Kurdistan), also known as PASOK, founded in Kirkuk in 1975 by Kurdish intellectuals Farhad Abdulqadir, Mamosta Sherzad and Azad Mustafa, was a Kurdish nationalist political party that fought for the ideal of a Greater Kurdistan.

After its first congress it assembled a force of its own Peshmerga, and undertook armed operations in Sulaimaniya and Erbil against the Iraqi Army. recruitments were done mostly in universities. It joined the National democratic front in 1982 and The Kurdistan Front which superseded it in May 1988. After its 1991 congress, it changed its name to PDSK, joining the KSP and KPDP.

Kirkuk
Kirkuk (Arabic: كركوك; Kurdish: کەرکووک, romanized: Kerkûk; Syriac: ܟܪܟܘܟ, romanized: Kerkouk; Turkish: Kerkük) is a major city in northern Iraq, serving as the capital of the Kirkuk Governorate. The city is home to a diverse population of Kurds, Iraqi Turkmens and Arabs. Kirkuk sits on the ruins of the original Kirkuk Citadel which sits near the Khasa River.

It is described by the Kurdish leader and former Iraqi president Jalal Talabani as “the Jerusalem of Kurdistan” even though it is not part of Iraqi Kurdistan region, while it is seen by the Turkmen activist Fatih Salah as the cultural and historical capital of Iraqi Turkmens. The government of Iraq states that Kirkuk represents a small version of Iraq due to its diverse population, and that the city is a model for coexistence in the country.
2024 Wiesbaden Tennis Open – Doubles
Jaimee Fourlis and Olivia Gadecki were the defending champions but Gadecki chose to compete in Saint-Malo instead. Fourlis partnered alongside Priscilla Hon but lost in the first round to Himeno Sakatsume and Anita Wagner.

Samantha Murray Sharan and Laura Pigossi won the title, defeating Sakatsume and Wagner in the final, 7–5, 6–2.

Anita Wagner
Anita Wagner (née Husarić; Bosnian pronunciation: [ǎnita xǔsaritɕ, ǎniː-]; born 27 June 1994) is a Bosnian tennis player.

She has won 18 doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit. On 23 September 2024, she peaked at No. 170 in the WTA doubles rankings.

Playing for Bosnia and Herzegovina Fed Cup team, Husarić has a win–loss record of 14–33, as of May 2024.

She has been married to Sebastian Wagner since October 2021, and in January 2022 changed her name to Anita Wagner.
Mari mythology
Mari mythology is a collection of myths belonging to the Mari folk heritage. It has many similar features and motifs with Maris' neighbouring people, like the Komis, Udmurts and Mordvins. Many of their myths are also distantly related to the myths of other Finno-Ugric peoples.

The biggest literary work on Mari mythology is the Mari epic "Jugorno", written by the Russian Anatoli Spiridonov in 2002. The epic was originally written in Russian, despite Spiridonov being very knowledgeable on the Mari language and Mari folk poetry. However, a Mari translation by Anatoli Mokejev was provided alongside the publication of the original epic. In 2015, the epic was translated into Estonian by Arvo Valton.

Finno-Ugric languages
Finno-Ugric (/ˌfɪnoʊˈjuːɡrɪk, -ˈuː-/) is a traditional linguistic grouping of all languages in the Uralic language family except for the Samoyedic languages. Its once commonly accepted status as a subfamily of Uralic is based on criteria formulated in the 19th century and is criticized by contemporary linguists such as Tapani Salminen and Ante Aikio. The three most spoken Uralic languages, Hungarian, Finnish, and Estonian, are all included in Finno-Ugric.

The term Finno-Ugric, which originally referred to the entire family, is occasionally used as a synonym for the term Uralic, which includes the Samoyedic languages, as commonly happens when a language family is expanded with further discoveries. Before the 20th century, the language family might be referred to as Finnish, Ugric, Finno-Hungarian or with a variety of other names. The name Finno-Ugric came into general use in the late 19th or early 20th century.
A-1,6-mannosyl-glycoprotein 6-b-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase
Alpha-1,6-mannosyl-glycoprotein 6-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.155, N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V, alpha-mannoside beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase, uridine diphosphoacetylglucosamine-alpha-mannoside beta1->6-acetylglucosaminyltransferase, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine:alpha-mannoside-beta1,6 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase, alpha-1,3(6)-mannosylglycoprotein beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase, GnTV) is an enzyme with systematic name UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:6-(2-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)-alpha-D-mannosyl)-glycoprotein 6-beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyltransferase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + 6-(2-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl]-alpha-D-mannosyl)-beta-D-mannosyl-R  UDP + 6-(2,6-bis[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl]-alpha-D-mannosyl)-beta-D-mannosyl-R

R represents the remainder of the N-linked oligosaccharide in the glycoprotein acceptor.

Uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine
Uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine or UDP-GlcNAc is a nucleotide sugar and a coenzyme in metabolism. It is used by glycosyltransferases to transfer N-acetylglucosamine residues to substrates. UDP-GlcNAc is used for making glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, and glycolipids. D-Glucosamine is made naturally in the form of glucosamine-6-phosphate, and is the biochemical precursor of all nitrogen-containing sugars. To be specific, glucosamine-6-phosphate is synthesized from fructose 6-phosphate and glutamine as the first step of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway.  The end-product of this pathway is UDP-GlcNAc. Some enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of UDP-GlcNAc vary between prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, serving as potential drug targets for antibiotic development.
Nick Carter (comic strip)
Nick Carter is an Italian comic strip created in 1972 as a semi-animated cartoon, for Gulp!, one of the most popular Italian TV shows of that decade. The creators were Guido De Maria, as director and writer, and Franco Bonvicini ("Bonvi"), as co-writer and artist.  The first run comprised 11 stories, later reissued, as print comic strips for Il Corriere dei Ragazzi, and then in numerous other magazines and books.

In 1977, the character was revamped for the follow-on TV series SuperGulp!, with 17 further episodes. The Nick Carter episodes number some 80, including those created for TV and later adapted for comic-strip magazines. Several stories were drawn by Silver (Guido Silvestri) and Clod (Claudio Onesti).

Silver (cartoonist)
Guido Silvestri (born 9 December 1952 in Carpi), known by his pen name Silver, is an Italian comic book creator. Silver began his comics career as an apprentice of Franco Bonvicini (Bonvi). Silver created the series Lupo Alberto, which began in 1974.
Miniature neutron source reactor
The Chinese built Miniature Neutron Source reactor (MNSR) is a small and compact research reactor modeled on the Canadian HEU SLOWPOKE-2 design.

The MNSR is tank-in-pool type, with highly enriched fuel (~ 90% U235 ). The tank is immersed in a large pool, and the core is, in turn, immersed in the tank. The maximum nominal power is ~ 30 kW, the power being removed by natural convection. The central core is formed of about 347 fuel rods, with 4 tie rods and 3 dummy elements distributed on a total of ten circles, each consisting of a number of fuel rods ranging between 6 and 62. A thick beryllium reflector (~ 10 cm) surrounds the core radially.

China operates three MNSRs and has supplied Ghana, Iran, Pakistan, Nigeria and Syria with reactors of this type as well as the highly enriched uranium (HEU) to fuel them. Since 1978, various national and international activities have been underway to convert research and test reactors from the use of HEU to LEU fuel.

Nuclear reactor core
A nuclear reactor core is the portion of a nuclear reactor containing the nuclear fuel components where the nuclear reactions take place and the heat is generated.  Typically, the fuel will be low-enriched uranium contained in thousands of individual fuel pins.  The core also contains structural components, the means to both moderate the neutrons and control the reaction, and the means to transfer the heat from the fuel to where it is required, outside the core.
Nan Feng Chang
"Nanfeng Chang" is a guqin (ancient Chinese zither) piece composed  based on the ancient verse "Song of the South Wind", allegedly from the time of Emperor Shun.

Multiple guqin tablatures have recorded this piece expressing people's yearning for the ideal government that "governs without interference", as exemplified by Emperor Shun. Some of the more distinguished tablatures include The Complete Collection of Qin Music《琴書大全》, The Qin Anthology of Xilu Hall 《西麓堂琴統》, and The Supplement to the Grand Music of Xingzhuang 《杏莊太音補遺》, among others.

Emperor Shun
Emperor Shun (Chinese: 帝舜; pinyin: Dì Shùn) was a legendary leader of ancient China, regarded by some sources as the last of the Five Emperors among the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors. According to the tradition—people with the surname Hu (胡) are descendants of Emperor Shun. Later rulers of the Chen state and the Chen dynasty claimed descent from Shun.
Sourcegraph
Sourcegraph Inc. is a company developing code search and code intelligence tools that semantically index and analyze large codebases so that they can be searched across commercial, open-source, local, and cloud-based repositories.

The company has three core products: Code Search, Amp, and Cody. Code Search was initially released in 2013 under the name Sourcegraph, but was rebranded to Code Search when the company unveiled Cody in 2023. Both products support all major programming languages. The platform serves over 800,000 developers and has indexed more than 54 billion lines of code.

Search engine (computing)
In computing, a search engine is an information retrieval software system designed to help find information stored on one or more computer systems. Search engines discover, crawl, transform, and store information for retrieval and presentation in response to user queries. The search results are usually presented in a list and are commonly called hits. The most widely used type of search engine is a web search engine, which searches for information on the World Wide Web.

A search engine normally consists of four components, as follows: a search interface, a crawler (also known as a spider or bot), an indexer, and a database. The crawler traverses a document collection, deconstructs document text, and assigns surrogates for storage in the search engine index. Online search engines store images, link data and metadata for the document.
Debendra Pradhan
Debendra Pradhan (16 July 1941 – 17 March 2025) was an Indian politician and a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party, who served as minister of state for surface transport and agriculture in the Second Vajpayee ministry. He was elected to the 13th Lok Sabha from Deogarh constituency. He was also a member of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh.

13th Lok Sabha
The 13th Lok Sabha (20 October 1999 – 6 February 2004) is the thirteenth session of the Lok Sabha (House of the People, or lower house in the Parliament of India). It was convened after 1999 Indian general election held during September–October 1999.

This majority group in the Lok Sabha during this period was the National Democratic Alliance, a nationalist group led by the Bharatiya Janata Party, which won 270 seats, 16 more than 12th Lok Sabha. The NDA, under the leadership of Atal Bihari Vajpayee completed its term until the next general elections of May 2004 for the next 14th Lok Sabha. This was the first non-INC government to complete the full term.

Four sitting members from Rajya Sabha, the Upper House of Indian Parliament, were elected to 13th Lok Sabha after the 1999 Indian general election.
Kołobrzeg Cathedral
The Co-Cathedral Basilica of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary (Polish: Bazylika konkatedralna Wniebowzięcia Najświętszej Maryi Panny w Kołobrzegu) also called Kołobrzeg Cathedral is a religious building of the Catholic Church which is located in the city of Kołobrzeg in Poland.

It is a temple built in the fourteenth century in the Gothic style, which has five naves. It has the status of parish church, minor basilica and since 1972 is the co-cathedral of the Diocese of Koszalin-Kołobrzeg (Dioecesis Coslinensis-Colubreganus or Diecezja koszalińsko-kołobrzeska).

Diocese of Koszalin–Kołobrzeg
The Diocese of Koszalin-Kołobrzeg (Latin: Dioecesis Coslinensis-Colubregana) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical jurisdiction of diocese of the Catholic Church in northwestern Poland. The diocese is a suffragan in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Szczecin-Kamień. The Diocese of Koszalin-Kołobrzeg's cathedral is the Katedra Niepokalanego Poczęcia NMP, in Koszalin. There is also a co-cathedral, the minor basilica Bazylika Konkatedralna Wniebowzięcia NMP, in Kołobrzeg, both in Zachodniopomorskie.
Ichthyophis biangularis
Ichthyophis biangularis, the angular caecilian or Metang caecilian, is a species of amphibian in the family Ichthyophiidae endemic to Borneo (Malaysia): it is only known from its type locality, Mount Matang in Sarawak, where the holotype was collected in 1872 by Alfred Hart Everett. New specimens were collected from the type locality only in 2009. In addition, one larval sample was collected from the same region and identified as likely Ichthyophis biangularis using genetic methods.

Ichthyophiidae
The Ichthyophiidae are the family of Asiatic tailed caecilians or fish caecilians found in South and Southeast Asia as well as southernmost China.

They are primitive caecilians, lacking many of the derived characters found in the other families. For example, their mouths are not recessed underneath their heads, they possess tails, and they have numerous scales on their bodies. However, they have two sets of muscles for closing the jaw, a feature unique to caecilians, but absent in the related family Rhinatrematidae.

They lay their eggs in cavities in moist soil, where they hatch into larvae that seek out streams or underground seepages, before metamorphosing into adults. Some evidence indicates the females may protect their eggs until they hatch.
Culex perfuscus
Culex perfuscus is the only Culex species mosquito currently implicated as a possible vector of Zika virus.  The species type was described in 1914 from Port Herald, Nyasaland by entomologist Frederick Wallace Edwards.

Nsanje
Nsanje (formerly Port Herald) is the main city in Nsanje District within the Southern Region of Malawi.

The intense urbanization in the fertile Shire River valley has formed an extensive urbanized zone that runs from the city of Bangula, further north, passing through the city of Nsanje, in the center, and arriving in the city of Marka, in the south, even crossing the Mozambican border, covering the town of Vila Nova de Fronteira.
El Empalme, Ecuador
El Empalme is a town in Guayas, Ecuador, near Los Ríos and Manabí provinces. It is the seat of El Empalme Canton, the northernmost canton in Guayas, created in 1971.

As of the census of 2001, there were 64,789 people residing within canton limits. The city takes its official name from the Ecuadorian ex-president José María Velasco Ibarra. It has good road connection with Balzar.

Rice, platano, cacao, and coffee are the main products. The most important river is the Daule River, which forms the boundary with Manabí.

Province
A province is an administrative division within a country or state. The term derives from the ancient Roman provincia, which was the major territorial and administrative unit of the Roman Empire's territorial possessions outside Italy. The term province has since been adopted by many countries. In some countries with no actual provinces, "the provinces" is a metaphorical term meaning "outside the capital city".

While some provinces were produced artificially by colonial powers, others were formed around local groups with their own ethnic identities. Many have their own powers independent of central or federal authority, especially in Canada and Turkey. In other countries, like China or France, provinces are the creation of central government, with very little autonomy.
HMCS Columbia
Several Canadian naval units have been named HMCS Columbia.

HMCS Columbia (I49) (I) was a Town-class destroyer that was originally commissioned as USS Haraden (DD-183) until transfer to the Royal Canadian Navy in 1940 by way of the Royal Navy.

HMCS Columbia (DDE 260) (II) was a Restigouche-class destroyer that served in the RCN and Canadian Forces from 1959 to 1974.

Restigouche-class destroyer
The Restigouche-class destroyer was a class of seven destroyer escorts that served the Royal Canadian Navy and later the Canadian Forces from the late-1950s to the late-1990s. All seven vessels in the class were named after rivers in Canada.

The Royal Canadian Navy began planning the St. Laurent-class destroyer in the late 1940s and originally intended to procure fourteen vessels. Delays in design and construction saw the number of vessels for the St. Laurent class halved to seven. The seven remaining vessels were redesigned as the Restigouche class, taking into account design improvements found during construction of the St. Laurents. The seven ships of the class were commissioned between 1958 and 1959.
Albion Central School District
The Albion Central School District is a public school district in New York State that serves approximately 2,600 children in the village of Albion; most of the towns of Albion, Barre, Carlton, and Gaines; small parts of the towns of Kendall, Murray, and Ridgeway in Orleans County; and portions of the town of Elba in Genesee County, with an operating budget of $36 million.

The district motto is "Achievement, Character, and Success", is an alternate expansion of the district acronym "ACS."

The superintendent of schools is Mickey Edwards.

Ridgeway, New York
Ridgeway is a town in Orleans County, New York, United States. The population was 6,886 at the 2000 census. The name of the town is derived from "Ridge Road," an important highway in the 19th century.

The Town of Ridgeway is on the western border of the county, which is bordered to the north by Lake Ontario.