hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
David Gross
David Jonathan Gross (/ɡroʊs/; born February 19, 1941) is an American theoretical physicist and string theorist. He shared the 2004 Nobel Prize in Physics with Frank Wilczek and Hugh David Politzer "for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction".

Gross is the Chancellor's Chair Professor of Theoretical Physics at the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics (KITP) of the University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB), and was formerly the KITP director and holder of their Frederick W. Gluck Chair in Theoretical Physics. He is also a faculty member in the UCSB Physics Department and is affiliated with the Institute for Quantum Studies at Chapman University in California. He is a foreign member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Chapman University
Chapman University is a private research university in Orange, California, United States. Encompassing eleven colleges, the university is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity". The school maintains its founding affiliations with the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) and the United Church of Christ, but is a secular university.
1866 New York state election
The 1866 New York state election was held on November 6, 1866, to elect the governor, the lieutenant governor, a Canal Commissioner and an Inspector of State Prisons, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly. Besides, the voters were asked if a Constitutional Convention should be held in 1867, which was answered in the affirmative with 352,854 votes for, and 256,364 against the convention.

Erie Canal Commission
The Commission to Explore a Route for a Canal to Lake Erie and Report, known as the Erie Canal Commission, was a body created by the New York State Legislature in 1810 to plan the Erie Canal. In 1817 a Canal Fund led by Commissioners of the Canal Fund was established to oversee the funding of construction of the canal. In 1826 a Canal Board, of which both the planning commissioners and the Canal Fund commissioners were members, was created to take control of the operational canal. The term "Canal Commission" was at times applied to any of these bodies. Afterwards the canal commissioners were minor state cabinet officers responsible for the maintenance and improvements of the state's canals.

The office of Canal Commissioner was abolished in 1876, and their responsibilities were taken over by the Superintendent of Public Works in February 1878. The Canal Fund and the Canal Board were abolished in 1910.
Courts of Florida
Courts of Florida include:

State courts of Florida

Florida Supreme Court
District courts of appeal (6 districts)
Circuit courts (20 judicial circuits)
County courts (67 courts, one for each county)

Federal courts located in Florida

United States District Court for the Northern District of Florida

United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida

United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida

Former federal courts of Florida

United States District Court for the District of Florida (extinct, subdivided)

Florida District Courts of Appeal
The District Courts of Appeal (DCAs) are the intermediate appellate courts of the Florida state court system. There are currently six DCAs:

The First District Court of Appeal is headquartered in Tallahassee

The Second District Court of Appeal is temporarily headquartered in Tampa until the Pinellas Courthouse is completed in St. Petersburg.

The Third District Court of Appeal is headquartered in Miami

The Fourth District Court of Appeal is headquartered in West Palm Beach

The Fifth District Court of Appeal is headquartered in Daytona Beach

The Sixth District Court of Appeal is headquartered in Lakeland
Migration Court
A Migration Court is a type of administrative court within the Swedish legal system. They are part of the general administrative courts in Stockholm, Gothenburg, Malmö and Luleå.

The Migration Courts are the courts of appeal for decisions made by the Swedish Migration Agency, for example regarding asylum or residency in Sweden. Decisions by the Migration Courts can be appealed to the Migration Court of Appeal, part of the Administrative Court of Appeal in Stockholm, which is the supreme appellate court relating to migration law.

Luleå
Luleå (/ˈluːleɪoʊ/ LOO-lay-oh, Swedish: [ˈlʉ̌ːlɛɔ] ⓘ, locally [ˈlʉ̌ːlɛ] ⓘ; Lule Sami: Luleju; Finnish and Meänkieli: Luulaja) is a city on the coast of northern Sweden, and the capital of Norrbotten County, the northernmost county in Sweden. Luleå has 48,728 inhabitants in its urban core as of 2018 and is the seat of Luleå Municipality with a total population of about 80,000 as of 2025. Luleå is Sweden's 25th largest city and Norrbotten County's largest city. Luleå is considered as the world's largest brackish water archipelago with 1,312 islands, several rivers and vast forestland.

Luleå has the seventh biggest harbour in Sweden for shipping goods. It has a large steel industry and is a centre for extensive research. It is also home to the Swedish Air Force Wing Norrbotten Wing (F 21) based in Luleå Airport. Luleå University of Technology is one of Sweden's three technology universities with around 15,000 students and is the northernmost university in Sweden.
Dudley Pout
Edward Dudley Pout (1908–1991) was a British illustrator.

Pout was born in November 1908, one of six children of E. J. Pout (1850-1930), who farmed 2,000 acres, on Frogs Island Farm, Herne, Kent.

Pout designed and illustrated the posters for several film from Ealing Studios, including The Goose Steps Out, Went the Day Well? The Black Sheep of Whitehall, The Love Lottery and The Bells Go Down.

Herne, Kent
Herne /hɜːrn/ is a village in the civil parish of Herne and Broomfield, in Canterbury district, in the county of Kent, England. It is divided by the Thanet Way from the seaside resort of Herne Bay. Between Herne and Broomfield, is the former hamlet of Hunters Forstal. Herne Common lies to the south on the A291 road.

The hamlet of Bullockstone is about one mile to the west.
Rebecca Kilgore
Rebecca Kilgore (September 24, 1949 – January 7, 2026) was an American jazz vocalist based in Portland, Oregon. She has been called "one of the best interpreters of the Great American Songbook". She performed with jazz pianist and composer Dave Frishberg, trombonist Dan Barrett, tenor saxophonist Harry Allen, pianist Keith Ingham, and many other musicians.

Jazz piano
Jazz piano is a collective term for the techniques pianists use when playing jazz. The piano has been an integral part of the jazz idiom since its inception, in both solo and ensemble settings. Its role is multifaceted due largely to the instrument's combined melodic and harmonic capabilities. For this reason it is an important tool of jazz musicians and composers for teaching and learning jazz theory and set arrangement, regardless of their main instrument. By extension the phrase 'jazz piano' can refer to similar techniques on any keyboard instrument.

Along with the guitar, vibraphone, and other keyboard instruments, the piano is one of the instruments in a jazz combo that can play both single notes and chords rather than only single notes as does the saxophone or trumpet.
Open Regulatory Annotation Database
The Open Regulatory Annotation Database (also known as ORegAnno) is designed to promote community-based curation of regulatory information. Specifically, the database contains information about regulatory regions, transcription factor binding sites, regulatory variants, and haplotypes.

As of February 10, 2026, the project’s website (www.oreganno.org Archived 2021-03-21 at the Wayback Machine) was observed to be inaccessible, returning a connection timeout error.

Binding site
In biochemistry and molecular biology, a binding site is a region on a macromolecule such as a protein that binds to another molecule with specificity.  The binding partner of the macromolecule is often referred to as a ligand. Ligands may include other proteins (resulting in a protein–protein interaction), enzyme substrates, second messengers, hormones, or allosteric modulators.  The binding event is often, but not always, accompanied by a conformational change that alters the protein's function.  Binding to protein binding sites is most often reversible (transient and non-covalent), but can also be covalent reversible or irreversible.
Por Amor (1997 TV series)
Por Amor (English: Anything For Love) is a Brazilian telenovela created by Manoel Carlos, starring Regina Duarte and Gabriela Duarte in the main roles. It replaced A Indomada and preceded Torre de Babel, and was the 55th telenovela to be aired by Rede Globo.

Regina Duarte
Regina Blois Duarte (born 5 February 1947) is a Brazilian actress who briefly served as Special Secretary of Culture, a cabinet position in President Jair Bolsonaro's federal administration, from March to May 2020.
Cazaza
Cazaza was a Spanish enclave on the western coast of Cape Three Forks, in what is today Morocco, around 18 km from Melilla. It was here that the exiled Boabdil, last Emir of Granada, landed when he left the Iberian Peninsula in 1492.

In 1505 Spanish forces based in Melilla led by Juan Alfonso Pérez de Guzmán, 3rd Duke of Medina Sidonia took Cazaza from the Wattasid Kingdom of Fez. King Ferdinand granted him the title 'Marquess of Cazaza', which survives to this day.  Although the noble title has endured, the Spanish lost control of Cazaza in 1533 because of the treachery of five of its garrison who betrayed it.

It was never rebuilt after the destruction when it was conquered. Its ruins are visible today.

Nasrid dynasty
The Nasrid dynasty (Arabic: بنو نصر banū Naṣr or بنو الأحمر banū al-Aḥmar; Spanish: Nazarí) was an Arab dynasty that ruled the Emirate of Granada from 1232 to 1492. It was the last Muslim dynasty in the Iberian Peninsula. Twenty-three sultans ruled Granada from the founding of the dynasty in 1232 by Muhammad I until 1492, when Muhammad XII surrendered all lands to Isabella I of Castile. Today, the most visible evidence of the Nasrid dynasty is the Alhambra palace complex built under their reign.
Bercellino
Bercellino is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Giancarlo Bercellino (born 1941), Italian footballer

Silvino Bercellino (born 1946), Italian footballer, brother of Giancarlo

Giancarlo Bercellino
Giancarlo Bercellino (Italian pronunciation: [dʒaŋˈkarlo bertʃelˈliːno]; born 9 October 1941) is a former Italian footballer who played as a defender. He is sometimes referred to as Bercellino I, because his brother Silvino Bercellino was also a football player. His father Teresio Bercellino also played football professionally in the Serie A.
Bram Ronnes
Bram Ronnes (born 17 November 1978 in Enschede) is a volleyball player from the Netherlands.

Ronnes competes in beach volleyball and forms a team with Emiel Boersma. Together they finished in 9th position at the 2007 World Championships in Gstaad. In a heavy competition with Jochem de Gruijter and Ronnes' brother Gijs they challenged to win a ticket for the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. Both teams achieved the national and international qualification limits, but as only two teams of the same country were able to qualify and the third combination of Reinder Nummerdor and Richard Schuil was not questionable to take the first ticket one of the teams had to be eliminated. Boersma and Ronnes eventually qualified to take part in China.

His father Frans Ronnes is mayor of Haaren.

Gstaad
Gstaad (/ɡəˈʃtɑːd, ɡəˈstɑːd/ gə-S(H)TAHD, German: [kʃtaːt]) is a town in the German-speaking section of the Canton of Bern in southwestern Switzerland. It is part of the municipality of Saanen and is known as a major ski resort and a popular destination amongst high society and the international jet set. The winter campus of the Institut Le Rosey is located in Gstaad. Gstaad has a population of about 9,200 and is located 1,050 metres (3,445 feet) above sea level.
Trawlermen (TV series)
Trawlermen is a BBC television documentary programme focusing on the work of a number of trawler crews based in Peterhead and Fraserburgh. The programme is narrated by the actors Ken Stott and Peter Capaldi. Four series and a special have been broadcast, totalling 20 episodes. The first series of 5 episodes was first broadcast in 2006 and was stripped across 7.00pm on weekdays. A further 5 episodes were first aired in 2007, 6 in 2008 and a fourth series of 3 episodes in 2009. A special was broadcast in 2010.

The TV stations Blighty, Dave and Watch all repeat some episodes from the programme.

U&W
U&W is a British free-to-air television channel owned by UKTV, a subsidiary of BBC Studios. It originally launched on 7 October 2008 as Watch and until 2022 was a pay television channel. From 15 February 2016 to 16 July 2024, the channel was known as W.
Norwich Business School
Norwich Business School (NBS) is one of seven schools within the University of East Anglia's Faculty of Social Sciences. The School has a campus location, based in the Thomas Paine Study Centre, and has approximately 1,800 registered students.

In the National Student Survey 2018, UEA was ranked 2nd in the UK for finance, 5th in the UK for business studies and 10th in the UK for marketing (overall satisfaction rankings).

In 2019, the School received an Athena SWAN Bronze award, recognising work undertaken to address gender equality in higher education and research.

Athena SWAN
The Athena SWAN Charter (Scientific Women's Academic Network) is an equality charter mark framework and accreditation scheme for higher education and research institutions, established in 2005 by the UK's Equality Challenge Unit (now part of Advance HE). It recognises and promotes commitment to advancing gender equality, particularly in relation to representation, career progression, and success for women. The charter is used both as a self-assessment and benchmarking tool to guide institutional change.
Severino Di Giovanni
Severino Di Giovanni (17 March 1901 – 1 February 1931) was an Italian anarchist who immigrated to Argentina, where he became the best-known anarchist figure in that country for his campaign of violence in support of Sacco and Vanzetti and antifascism.

Direct action
Direct action is a form of activism in which participants use economic power or political power to achieve their goals. The aim of direct action is to either obstruct a certain practice such as a government's laws or actions or to draw attention to and create a dialogue in order to solve perceived problems.

Direct action may include activities, that can be either violent or nonviolent, targeting people, groups, institutions, actions, or property that its participants deem objectionable. Violent direct action may include political violence, assault, arson, sabotage, and property destruction. Nonviolent direct action may include peaceful demonstrations, civil disobedience, sit-ins, strikes, and counter-economics.
Stolte
Stolte can refer to:

11508 Stolte, a main-belt asteroid discovered on October 12, 1990

Adele Stolte (1932–2020), German soprano singer in concert and Lieder, and an academic voice teacher

Anni Stolte (1915–1994), German swimmer

Dieter Stolte (1934–2023), German journalist and ZDF-intendant

Christian Stolte (born 1962), American actor

Richard Stolte (born 1990), Dutch footballer

Stan Stolte (born 1961), American baseball coach

William Stolte Jr. House, historic house which was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984 along with the Stolte Sr. House

William Stolte Sr. House

William Stolte Sr. House
William Stolte Sr. House is a historic late 19th-century house located at 432 South Walnut Street, next to William Stolte Jr. House in Reedsburg, Wisconsin. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 26, 1984.

It is a two-story frame house.  It is designed in a Victorian Gothic/Queen Anne style "with a hip and gable roof and scroll-like modillions ornamenting the cornice."

Its back yard, which goes down to the Baraboo River, includes a frame smokehouse and a hitching post with "Stolte" inscribed upon it.
Merima Mohammed
Merima Mohammed Hasen (born 10 June 1992) is an Ethiopian professional long-distance runner who competes in road running events, including the marathon. Her personal best of 2:23:06 hours for the distance makes her the second fastest teenager ever over the 42.195 kilometres (26.219 mi) distance. She has won marathons in Düsseldorf, Nice and Ottawa. She represented Ethiopia at the IAAF World Cross Country Championships in 2011.

World Athletics Cross Country Championships
World Athletics Cross Country Championships is the most important competition in international cross country running. Formerly held annually and organised by World Athletics (formerly the IAAF), it was inaugurated in 1973, when it replaced the International Cross Country Championships. It was an annual competition until 2011, when World Athletics changed it to a biennial event.
Sundream (song)
"Sundream" is a song by Australian alternative dance group Rüfüs. The song was released on 21 March 2014 as the fourth and final single from the group's debut studio album, Atlas (2013). The song peaked at number 47 on the ARIA Chart, becoming the group's first top 50 single.

At the 2014 Australian Independent Record Labels Association Awards, the song was nominated for Best Independent Dance/Electronica or Club Single.

At the ARIA Music Awards of 2014, the song was nominated for Best Group and Best Dance Release.

Australian Independent Record Labels Association
The Australian Independent Record Labels Association (commonly known as AIR), formerly Association of Independent Record Labels, is a non-profit trade association which supports the growth and development of Australia's independent recording industry. It represents Australian-owned record labels and independent artists based in Australia who function without the backing of major record labels.

AIR was founded in 1996 in Sydney and is now located in Melbourne.  In 2000, it founded the Independent Music Charts, also known as AIR Charts, which track the sales of Australia's highest-selling independent artists on a weekly and monthly basis, and since 2006 the annual Independent Music Awards, or AIR Awards, have been run to celebrate the year's highest-charting independently released Australian singles and albums.
Clive Richardson
Clive Richardson (born 3 November 1932) is a former cricketer who played first-class cricket for Orange Free State in South Africa from 1950 to 1965.

A right-handed opening batsman, Clive Richardson played his first matches for Orange Free State in the 1950–51 season, but did not establish himself in the team until 1954–55. He was then a fixture in the team until the end of the 1962–63 season.

He was usually one of the most reliable batsmen in one of the weaker Currie Cup teams at the time. He also captained Orange Free State from 1957–58 to 1961–62. Against Transvaal B in 1959–60 he scored 258, a record score for Orange Free State; he and Des Schonegevel added 280 for the third wicket, setting a Currie Cup third-wicket record.

CSA 4-Day Domestic Series
The CSA 4-Day Domestic Series is the domestic first class cricket competition of South Africa. The tournament is contested by teams from all nine provinces of South Africa.

First contested as the Currie Cup from 1889–90, the tournament has undergone many changes and modifications in its history. In 2004, the traditional province-based format was replaced, with many teams amalgamating. In its place, six entirely professional franchises were created that represented much larger population areas.

The competition underwent significant restructuring once again before the start of the 2021–22 season. The six-team franchise system was disbanded, and the tournament returned to its more traditional format. Fifteen province-based teams now compete across two divisions, determined by promotion and relegation.
Ultramarine flycatcher
The ultramarine flycatcher or the white-browed blue flycatcher (Ficedula superciliaris) is a small arboreal Old World flycatcher in the Ficedula genus. Its breeding range extends from eastern Afghanistan to the Hengduan Mountains; it winters in India and northwestern Indochina.

Old World flycatcher
The Old World flycatchers are a large family, the Muscicapidae, of small passerine birds restricted to the Old World (Europe, Africa and Asia), with the exception of several vagrants and two species, bluethroat (Luscinia svecica) and northern wheatear (Oenanthe oenanthe), found also in North America. These are mainly small arboreal insectivores, many of which, as the name implies, take their prey on the wing. The large family includes 357 species and is divided into 57 genera.
HMS Hannibal
Six ships and a shore establishment of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Hannibal after the Carthaginian leader Hannibal:

HMS Hannibal (1779) was a 50-gun fourth rate launched in 1779 and captured by the French in 1782.

HMS Hannibal (1782) was a 14-gun sloop purchased in 1782, and foundered in 1788.

HMS Hannibal (1786) was a 74-gun third rate launched in 1786 and captured by the French during the first part of the Battle of Algeciras Bay on 5 July 1801.

HMS Hannibal (1810) was a 74-gun third rate launched in 1810.  She was on harbour service from 1825 and was broken up in 1833.

HMS Hannibal was to have been a 90-gun second rate. She was ordered in 1840, but was cancelled and reordered as the next HMS Hannibal.

HMS Hannibal (1854) was a 91-gun screw propelled second rate launched in 1854. She was hulked in 1874 and was sold in 1904.

HMS Hannibal (1896) was a Majestic-class battleship launched in 1896. She served as a troopship during the First World War and was sold in 1920.

Second-rate
In the rating system of the Royal Navy used to categorise sailing warships, a second-rate was a ship of the line which by the start of the 18th century mounted 90 to 98 guns on three gun decks; earlier 17th-century second rates had fewer guns and were originally two-deckers or had only partially armed third gun decks. A "second rate" was the second largest class of warships in a hierarchical system of six "ratings" based on size and firepower.

They were essentially smaller and hence cheaper versions of the 100-gun first-rates. Like the first rates, they fought in the line of battle, but unlike the first rates, which were considered too valuable to risk in distant stations, the second rates often served also in major overseas stations as flagships. They had a reputation for poor handling and slow sailing. They were popular as flagships of admirals commanding the Windward and/or Leeward Islands station, which was usually a Rear-admiral of the red.
Mary Baldwin University, Main Building
The Mary Baldwin University, Main Building is a historic building on the Mary Baldwin University campus in Staunton, Virginia. It was built in 1844, and is a Greek Revival style educational building.  It consists of a two-story, five bay central section, flanked by three-bay two-story wings with full basement and projecting gable ends.  The front facade features a four-bay portico with four Greek Doric order columns supporting a Doric entablature and pediment.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 1973.

Staunton, Virginia
Staunton (/ˈstæntən/ STAN-tən) is an independent city in the U.S. Commonwealth of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 25,750. In Virginia, independent cities are separate jurisdictions from the counties that surround them, so the government offices of Augusta County are in Verona, which is contiguous to Staunton. Staunton is a principal city of the Staunton-Stuarts Draft Metropolitan Statistical Area, which had a 2020 population of 125,433. Staunton is known for being the birthplace of Woodrow Wilson, the 28th U.S. president, and as the home of Mary Baldwin University, historically a women's college. The city is also home to Stuart Hall, a private co-ed preparatory school, as well as the Virginia School for the Deaf and Blind. It was the first city in the United States with a fully defined city manager system.