hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Yu Min (linguist)
Yu Min (Chinese: 俞敏; November 1916– July 1995) was an influential Chinese linguist, a 1940 graduate of the Fu Jen Catholic University, Chinese Department, a former professor of Yenching University, and professor of Beijing Normal University. His primary research areas were Chinese historical linguistics, Sino-Tibetan comparison, the study of Sanskrit in Chinese transcription. His collected writings were published posthumously in 1999.

Yenching University
Yenching University (Chinese: 燕京大學; pinyin: Yānjīng Dàxué) was a private research university in Beijing, China, from 1919 to 1952.

The university was formed out of the merger of four Christian colleges between 1915 and 1920. The term "Yenching" comes from an alternative name for old Beijing, derived from its status as capital of the state of Yan, one of the seven Warring States that existed until the 3rd century BC.
Faisal Al Sayegh
Faisal Al Sayegh is a Lebanese Druze politician. He was born in 1961. In 1983 he obtained a bachelor's degree in Economics from the American University of Beirut.

Al Sayegh left the Lebanese Democratic Party in 2004. He was elected to parliament from the Aley-Baabda constituency in the 2005 Lebanese general election, being a candidate on the Democratic Gathering list. In May 2022, he won the Parliamentary elections, and the opposition appeal was rejected in November 2022. In July 2022, he was elected member of the Supreme Council for prosecuting presidents and ministers.

Lebanese Democratic Party
The Lebanese Democratic Party (Arabic: الحزب الديمقراطي اللبناني, romanized: al-ḥizb ad-dīmuqrāṭī al-Lubnānī) is a  political party in Lebanon established by Prince Talal Arslan and Marwan Abou Fadel in 2001. Prince Talal is the son of Lebanese Druze leader Emir Magid Arslan and has presided over the party ever since its establishment.

The Lebanese Democratic Party is officially secular and has members from all Lebanese sects, but most of its support comes from the Druze, who support the Arslan family. It is part of the March 8 Alliance.

The party was represented in the Lebanese parliament in 2000 and in 2009. In the General elections of 2009, Talal Arslan won a seat in the Parliament representing the Aley district, and Fadi Awar the one representing the Baabda district.
Killi
Killi (Arabic: كللي) is a village in northern Syria, administratively part of the Idlib Governorate, located northwest of Idlib. It is situated just west of the A'la Mountains. Nearby localities include Kaftin to the southeast, Maarrat al-Ikhwan and Kafr Yahmul to the south, Hizano to the southwest, Atarib to the northwest, Sarmada to the north, Barisha to the northeast and Qurqania to the east. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, Killi had a population of 7,157 in the 2004 census.

Harim Mountains
Harim Mountains (Arabic: جبال حارم, romanized: Jibāl Ḥārim [d͡ʒiˈbæːl ˈħaːrim]) are highlands in the north of Idlib Governorate in northwestern Syria. The mountains are located in the Harim and Jisr Shughur districts of Idlib Governorate.
Narraguagus Bay
Narraguagus Bay is a bay in Washington County, Maine.

Located at the mouth of the Narraguagus River between the towns of Harrington and Milbridge, it is separated from Harrington Bay to the northeast by Fastet Island and Pleasant Bay to the east by Dyer Island.

The bay extends roughly 4.5 mi. (7 km) and is 2 mi. (3 km) at its widest.

There is a lighthouse (built 1853, discontinued 1934).

Milbridge, Maine
Milbridge is a town in Washington County, Maine, United States at the mouth of the Narraguagus River. The population was 1,375 at the 2020 census. The town was incorporated in 1848. It contains the villages of Milbridge and Wyman.
Mechichi
Mechichi is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Hichem Mechichi (born 1974), Tunisian politician
Mechichi Cabinet

Saïd Mechichi (born 1961), Tunisian lawyer, human rights activist and politician

Hichem Mechichi
Hichem Mechichi (Arabic: هشام المشيشي, romanized: Hišām al-Mašīšī; born January 1974) is a Tunisian politician who served as the Prime Minister of Tunisia from September 2020 to July 2021, when he was unconstitutionally dismissed by President Kais Saied who dissolved the parliament, the higher council of justice, the elected county councils, the anti-corruption commission, and monopolized all state powers.

He held the post of Minister of the Interior in 2020 before being appointed head of government.
Random walk model of consumption
The random walk model of consumption was introduced by economist Robert Hall. This model uses the Euler numerical method to model consumption. He created his consumption theory in response to the Lucas critique. Using Euler equations to model the random walk of consumption has become the dominant approach to modeling consumption.

Random walk
In mathematics, a random walk, sometimes known as a drunkard's walk, is a stochastic process that describes a path that consists of a succession of random steps on some mathematical space.

An elementary example of a random walk is the random walk on the integer number line  which starts at 0, and at each step moves +1 or −1 with equal probability. Other examples include the path traced by a molecule as it travels in a liquid or a gas (see Brownian motion), the search path of a foraging animal, or the price of a fluctuating stock and the financial status of a gambler. Random walks have applications to engineering and many scientific fields including ecology, psychology, computer science, physics, chemistry, biology, economics, and sociology. The term random walk was first introduced by Karl Pearson in 1905.

Realizations of random walks can be obtained by Monte Carlo simulation.
HMS Nisus
HMS Nisus was a Royal Navy 38-gun fifth rate frigate, launched in 1810 at Plymouth, named for Virgil's character Nisus from The Aeneid.

Nisus entered service in 1810 under the command of Captain Philip Beaver, and sailed for the Indian Ocean, where she participated in the squadron led by Admiral Albemarle Bertie which landed troops on Île de France and captured the island from the French in December 1810.

By agreement, Eclipse and Nisus shared in the prize money for the capture of the Renommée on 20 May 1811 at the Battle of Tamatave, and one week later of the Néréide. In August 1811, Nisus supported the Invasion of Java and was involved in a successful attack on the French fortified port of Cheribon, seizing the fort and defeating a French army sent to drive the British off. In September the force captured Surabaya.

In 1814 command passed to Charles Marsh Schomberg and in 1815 she was laid up at Plymouth, prior to being broken up in 1822.

Fifth-rate
In the rating system of the Royal Navy used to categorise sailing warships, a fifth-rate was the second-smallest class of warships in a hierarchical system of six "ratings" based on size and firepower.
1991 Canadian Open (tennis)
The 1991 Canadian Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 102nd edition of the Canada Masters, and was part of the ATP Super 9 of the 1991 ATP Tour, and of the Tier I Series of the 1991 WTA Tour. The men's event took place at the Uniprix Stadium in Montreal, Canada from July 22 through July 28, 1991, and the women's event at the  National Tennis Centre in Toronto, Ontario, Canada from August 5 through August 11, 1991.

ATP Masters 1000 tournaments
The ATP Masters 1000 tournaments, also known as Masters 1000 or ATP 1000 events, are an annual series of nine tennis tournaments featuring the top-ranked players on the ATP Tour since its inception in 1990. The ATP 1000 tournaments, sitting below the Grand Slam tournaments and the year-end championships, make up the most coveted trophies on the annual ATP Tour calendar. In addition to the quadrennial Summer Olympics, they are collectively known as the 'Big Titles'.
Novak Djokovic holds the record for the most ATP 1000 singles titles with 40. By completing the career set of all nine current ATP 1000 series singles titles in 2018, Djokovic became the first and only player to achieve the career Golden Masters. In 2020, Djokovic completed a second career Golden Masters.
In doubles, the Bryan brothers (Bob and Mike) won a record 39 doubles titles as a team. Daniel Nestor and the Bryan brothers are the only doubles players to achieve the career Golden Masters.
Rani Ratnamala Devi
Rani Ratnamala Devi was an Indian politician and member of the Indian National Congress. Ratnamala Devi was a member of the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly from the Chandrapur constituency in Janjgir-Champa district on Bharatiya Janata Party ticket.

She was one of the 12 BJP MLA who had defected from the Bhartiya Janata Party and floated a suffix 'Party' called Chhattisgarh Vikas Party in order to avoid anti-defection law and merged into the Indian National Congress the next day.

Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly
The Madhya Pradesh Vidhan Sabha, or the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly, is the unicameral state legislature of Madhya Pradesh state in India.

The seat of the Vidhan Sabha is at Bhopal, the capital of the state. It is housed in the Vidhan Bhavan, an imposing building located at the center of the Capital Complex in the Arera Hill locality of Bhopal city. The term of the Vidhan Sabha is five years unless dissolved earlier. Presently, it comprises 230 members who are directly elected from single-seat constituencies. 35
constituencies are reserved for the candidates belonging to the Scheduled castes and 47 are reserved for the candidates belonging to the Scheduled tribes.
Republican Independents
The Independents (French: Indépendants) and later Republican Independents (French: Indépendants républicains, IR) was a right-wing parliamentary group in the Chamber of Deputies during the French Third Republic between 1928 and 1940.

The IR was usually considered the parliamentary group on the furthest-right of the Chamber, to the right of the Republican Federation (though their membership sometimes overlapped). Its members were the most conservative members of the legislature: some were independent monarchists, while others were members of small extreme-right leagues with too few deputies to form their own parliamentary party, such as the Ligue d'Action Francaise or French Social Party.

Notable members included the Marquis de La Ferronnays, Georges Mandel, Jean Ybarnegaray, Jean Le Cour Grandmaison and Xavier Vallat.

Most members left in 1938 to found the French Social Party (PSF).

Chamber of Deputies (France)
The Chamber of Deputies (French: Chambre des députés, [ʃɑ̃bʁ de depyte]) was the lower house of parliament in France at various times in the 19th and 20th centuries:

1814–1848 during the Bourbon Restoration and the July Monarchy, the Chamber of Deputies was the lower house of the French Parliament, elected by census suffrage.

1875–1940 during the French Third Republic, the Chamber of Deputies was the legislative assembly of the French Parliament, elected by two-round system with universal male suffrage. When reunited with the Senate in Versailles, the French Parliament was called the National Assembly (Assemblée nationale) and carried out the election of the president of the French Republic.
John Chillas
John Stalker Chillas (born 31 July 1951) is a Scottish professional golfer. He won the Scottish PGA Championship twice, in 1976 and 2001. He has also won three times on the European Seniors Tour. He tied for 52nd place in the 1984 Open Championship.

His best season on the Seniors Tour was 2004 when, in addition to winning the end-of-season Estoril Seniors Tour Championship, he was runner-up 5 times and third on two other occasions. From late August to late September he was runner-up in 4 successive tournaments, the Charles Church Scottish Seniors Open, the Bovis Lend Lease European Senior Masters, The Daily Telegraph Turismo Andaluz European Seniors Match Play Championship and the ADT English Seniors Open. He finished the season third in the order of merit.

English Seniors Open
The English Seniors Open was a European Senior Tour men's professional golf tournament. It was first played in 2003 and each of the first three stagings were won by Carl Mason. In 2007 the prize fund was £150,000 and the host course was St Mellion in Cornwall. After a five-year break, the tournament returned in 2013 and 2014 at Rockliffe Hall in County Durham, with a £200,000 purse and a £30,000 first prize.
Cupuliferae
Cupuliferae is a botanical name: in this case it is a descriptive botanical name: under the ICBN it may only be applied to a taxon at a rank above that of family.

However, this name was only used for a family, and for this it may no longer be used.  In the de Candolle system it referred to what is now the family Fagaceae, while in the Bentham & Hooker system it referred to a somewhat larger family, that in addition included what is now the family Betulaceae.  Note that in both these works a family is indicated as "ordo".

Descriptive botanical name
Descriptive botanical names are scientific names of groups of plants that are irregular, not being derived systematically from the name of a type genus.  They may describe some characteristics of the group in general or may be a name already in existence before regularised scientific nomenclature.

Descriptive names can occur above or at the rank of family. There is only a single descriptive below the rank of family (the subfamily Papilionoideae).
Eric Illayapparachchi
Eric Illayapparachchi (born 16 December 1954) is a Sinhalese writer and poet. He wrote the libretto for Agni, an opera composed by Premasiri Khemadasa which had its premiere on 26 May 2007 in Colombo. One of his short stories was made into a television drama for the series Vinividimi Adura (Through the Darkness) on Sri Lanka's ITN network. Another of his short stories appears in an anthology of Sri Lankan stories in English translation (Ashley Helpe (ed.), A Lankan Mosaic, Three Wheeler Press).

Premasiri Khemadasa
Deshamanya Kala Keerthi Dr. Premasiri Khemadasa (Sinhala: ආචාර්ය ප්‍රේමසිරි කේමදාස  ) (25 January 1937 – 24 October 2008) also known as "Khemadasa Master" was a Sri Lankan music composer. Exploring the various styles of music around the world Khemadasa endeavoured to develop a unique style of music. He combined Sinhala folk tunes, Hindustani music, Western music and many other streams of music in his compositions while adapting them to fit contemporary music.
From Unknown Worlds
From Unknown Worlds is an anthology of fantasy fiction short stories edited by John W. Campbell, Jr. and illustrated by Edd Cartier, the first of a number of anthologies drawing their contents from the classic magazine Unknown of the 1930s-40s. It was first published in magazine format by American company Street & Smith in 1948; the publication was an attempt to determine if there was a market for a revived Unknown. Street & Smith printed 300,000 copies, against the advice of John Campbell, but although it sold better than the original, too many copies were returned for the publisher to be willing to revive the magazine. The first British edition was issued by Atlas Publishing in 1952;  part of the run was issued in a hardcover binding.  This edition omitted the story "One Man's Harp.".

The book collects fifteen tales, one article and three poems by various authors, together with a foreword by the editor.

Street & Smith
Street & Smith or Street & Smith Publications, Inc., was a New York City publisher specializing in inexpensive paperbacks and magazines referred to as dime novels and pulp fiction.  They also published comic books and sporting yearbooks. Among their many titles was the science fiction pulp magazine Astounding Stories, acquired from Clayton Magazines in 1933, and retained until 1961. Street & Smith was founded in 1855, and was bought out in 1959. The Street & Smith headquarters were at 79 Seventh Avenue in Manhattan; they were designed by Henry F. Kilburn. Notable creations to emerge from the company include The Shadow, Doc Savage and The Avenger.
Labor Left
The Labor Left (LL), also known as the Progressive Left, Socialist Left or simply the Left, is one of the two major political factions within the Australian Labor Party (ALP). It is characterised nationally by its advocacy of socially progressive, democratic socialist policies and competes with the Labor Right faction. The ruling Prime Minister, Anthony Albanese, is a Labor Left member.

The Labor Left operates autonomously in each state and territory of Australia, and organises as a broad alliance at the national level. Its policy positions include party democratisation, economic interventionism, progressive tax reform, refugee rights, gender equality and same-sex marriage. The faction includes members with a range of political perspectives, including Keynesianism, confrontational trade unions, Fabian social democracy, New Leftism, and democratic socialism.

Market intervention
A market intervention is a policy or measure that modifies or interferes with a market, typically done in the form of state action, but also by philanthropic and political-action groups. Market interventions can be done for a number of reasons, including as an attempt to correct market failures, or more broadly to promote public interests or protect the interests of specific groups.

Economic interventions can be aimed at a variety of political or economic objectives, including but not limited to promoting economic growth, increasing employment, raising wages, raising or reducing prices, reducing income inequality, managing the money supply and interest rates, or increasing profits. A wide variety of tools can be used to achieve these aims, such as taxes or fines, state owned enterprises, subsidies, or regulations such as price floors and price ceilings.
Pogorzelica, Gmina Rewal
Pogorzelica [pɔɡɔʐɛˈlit͡sa] (German: Fischerkaten) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Rewal, within Gryfice County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northwestern Poland. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) east of Rewal, 22 km (14 mi) north of Gryfice, and 84 km (52 mi) northeast of the regional capital Szczecin. Situated on the Trzebiatowski Coast of the Baltic Sea in the historic region of Pomerania, the village has a beach and is a holiday resort.

It borders with the village of Niechorze in the west, and Pogorzelica, Gmina Karnice in the south.

The village has a population of 119.

Gryfice
Gryfice (pronounced Gri-fitse [ɡrɨˈfʲit͡sɛ] ⓘ; German: Greifenberg) is a historic town in Pomerania, north-western Poland, with 16,600 inhabitants (2017). It is the capital of Gryfice County in West Pomeranian Voivodeship. The town is situated approximately 22 kilometres from the Baltic Sea coast and seaside resorts.
Greenbelt (Ottawa)
The Greenbelt is a 203.5-square-kilometre (78.6 sq mi) protected green belt traversing Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.  It includes green space, forests, farms, and wetlands from Shirleys Bay in the west and to Green's Creek in the east. It is the largest publicly owned green belt in the world and the most ecologically diverse area in Eastern Ontario. The National Capital Commission (NCC) owns and manages 149.5 square kilometres (57.7 sq mi), and the rest is held by other federal government departments and private interests. Real estate development within the Greenbelt is strictly controlled.

The Greenbelt lies within eight kilometers of Parliament Hill in downtown Ottawa and ranges in width from two to ten kilometers. It encircles many of the oldest communities in the City of Ottawa, and covers the same amount of land as the urbanized area of Ottawa that it surrounds.

Eastern Ontario
Eastern Ontario (census population 1,892,332 in 2021) (French: Est de l'Ontario) is a secondary region of Southern Ontario in the Canadian province of Ontario. It occupies a wedge-shaped area bounded by the Ottawa River and Quebec to the northeast and east, the St. Lawrence River and New York to the south, and Northern Ontario and Central Ontario to the west and northwest.
Santa Fe Writers Project
The Santa Fe Writers Project (SFWP) is an American independent press. Founded in 1998 by Andrew Gifford, it began as a small effort supported by writers and arts advocates. Today, Gifford continues to direct the press. SFWP hosts a literary awards program and an online journal.

In addition to publishing literary fiction, and creative non-fiction, the press also reprints out-of-print books of literary merit or social value.

While the press is largely operated from Bethesda, Maryland it was founded in Santa Fe, New Mexico. The earliest titles were funded personally by Gifford's savings, often resulting in a loss.

With over 60 titles in print, the press publishes around four to six titles a year.

Creative nonfiction
Creative nonfiction (also known as literary nonfiction, narrative nonfiction or verfabula) is a genre of writing that uses literary styles and techniques to create factually accurate narratives. Creative nonfiction contrasts with other non-fiction, such as academic, technical, or journalistic writing, which are also rooted in accurate fact but not written to entertain based on prose style. Many writers view creative nonfiction as overlapping with the essay.
Sven Morisbak
Sven Morisbak (born 8 April 1972) is a retired Norwegian football midfielder.

He is a son of Andreas Morisbak and grew up at Hosle in Bærum. In 1990 he won the Norwegian U20 Cup with Lyn, together with players like Axel Kolle, Jan Derek Sørensen, Ola Dybwad-Olsen, Jr., Thomas Wæhler, Glenn Hartmann and Henrik Rønnevig. He made his senior debut for Lyn in 1994, and got 11 Eliteserien games in 1997. He was also loaned out to Stjørdals-Blink. In 1998 he joined second-tier team Ullern IF, later fourth-tier team Bygdø Monolitten IL.

Bærum
Bærum (Norwegian: [ˈbæ̂ːrʉm] ⓘ) is a municipality in the Greater Oslo Region in Akershus County, Norway. It forms an affluent suburb of Oslo on the west coast of the city. Bærum is Norway's fifth largest municipality with a population of 128,760 (2021). The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Sandvika. Bærum was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838.

Bærum has the highest income per capita in Norway and the highest proportion of university-educated individuals. Bærum, particularly its eastern neighbourhoods bordering West End Oslo, is one of Norway's priciest and most fashionable residential areas. The municipality has been voted the best Norwegian place to live in considering governance and public services to citizens.
Phan Bá Vành
Phan Bá Vành (潘伯鑅, died March 12, 1827), a native of Minh Giám village (now Vũ Tiên, Thái Bình Province in coastal northern Vietnam), was a prominent Vietnamese rebel leader who spearheaded one of the most significant peasant uprisings during the early Nguyễn dynasty. He led a large-scale revolt known as the Phan Bá Vành Rebellion against the rule of Emperor Minh Mạng, the second emperor of the dynasty.

Thái Bình province
Thái Bình was a former coastal eastern province in the Red River Delta region of northern Vietnam. Its name is chữ Hán (太平) for "great peace." It is about 18 km from Nam Định, 70 km from Haiphong, and 110 km from Hanoi. As of April 2024, it had a population 1,888,184.

On June 12, 2025 the decision was made to subsume Thái Bình into Hưng Yên province.