hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Natural methane on Mars
Natural methane on Mars refers to reports of detection of methane (CH4) in Mars's atmosphere. The potential presence of methane in the atmosphere of Mars may indicate the presence of microbial life or geological activity.

Mars orbiters and rovers, as well as Earth-based telescopes, have used infrared spectroscopy to search for trace amounts of methane in Mars's atmosphere. Measurements of methane from 60 ppbv to under the detection limit (<0.05 ppbv) have been reported, but there is no scientific consensus on whether these observations genuinely corroborate the existence of methane on Mars.

Parts-per notation
In science and engineering, the parts-per notation is a set of pseudo-units to describe the small values of miscellaneous dimensionless quantities, e.g. mole fraction or mass fraction.

Since these fractions are quantity-per-quantity measures, they are pure numbers with no associated units of measurement. Commonly used are

parts-per-million – ppm, 10−6

parts-per-billion – ppb, 10−9

parts-per-trillion – ppt, 10−12

parts-per-quadrillion – ppq, 10−15

This notation is not part of the International System of Units (the SI system) and its meaning is ambiguous. In chemistry, ambiguity arises because parts-per notation is able to be used to refer to a mole fraction and a mass fraction, which are unequal depending on the molar mass of the substance.
Quakers in Africa
There are about 180,000 members of the Religious Society of Friends, or Quakers, in Africa. African Friends make up around 49% of Friends internationally, the largest proportion on any one continent. Kenya has the largest number of Quakers in a single nation—about 119,000 in the year 2017 (according to the Friends World Committee for Consultation). The three main denominations of Friends, Friends United Meeting, Friends General Conference, and Evangelical Friends Church International, all have affiliated Yearly Meetings (associations) in Africa. There are also independent meetings in several African nations.

Lugulu
Lugulu is a market centre for the neighbourhoods of Esibembe to the north, Bwaliro to the northeast, and Bulwani to the east in Butula Constituency, which is in Busia County, Kenya. It is located on the road connecting Butula Constituency with the settlement of Nambale. The largest group of residents consists of the Luhya tribe. The current Member of County Assembly for Lugulu Ward is Josephat Wandera, elected in the 2022 general elections.
Esther Kiaʻāina
Esther Puakela Kiaʻāina (born July 16, 1963) is a Native Hawaiian politician who currently serves as Floor Leader of the Honolulu City Council and represents the Windward side, or District 3, on the island of Oʻahu (Waimānalo, Kailua and Kāneʻohe).

Kiaʻāina was first elected as a Councilmember on November 3, 2020, and began her first term on January 2, 2021. She was re-elected on August 10, 2024 and continues her term until January 2, 2029. Kiaʻāina serves as Chair of the Committee on Zoning & Planning and Vice Chair of the Committee on Public Safety & Economy.

Honolulu City Council
Honolulu City Council is the legislature of the City and County of Honolulu, the capital and largest city in Hawai'i, the fiftieth state in the United States.  The City and County of Honolulu is a municipal corporation that manages government aspects traditionally exercised by both municipalities and counties in other states. Each of the nine members of its city council is elected to a four-year term and can serve no more than two consecutive terms.  Council members are elected by voters in nine administrative districts that, since 1991, are reapportioned every ten years.  Like the Honolulu mayor, members of the city council are elected via nonpartisan elections.

Enacted in 1973, the City and County Charter establishes the council's legislative power and responsibility for Honolulu County, including its budget, public safety, zoning and municipal development, and other governmental affairs.
Assault on Wall Street
Assault on Wall Street (also known as Attack on Wall Street and formerly known as Bailout: The Age of Greed) is a 2013 action thriller film written and directed by Uwe Boll and starring Dominic Purcell, Erin Karpluk, Edward Furlong and Keith David. It tells the story of a security guard who struggles to pay for his wife's medical bills and loses his investments in the 2008 financial crisis, prompting a shooting spree on Wall Street after his wife takes her own life.

Uwe Boll
Uwe Boll (German: [ˈuːvə ˈbɔl]; born 22 June 1965) is a German filmmaker. He came to prominence during the 2000s for his adaptations of video game franchises. Released theatrically, the films were critical and commercial failures; his 2005 Alone in the Dark adaptation is considered one of the worst films ever made. Boll's subsequent  projects, released during the 2010s, were mostly released direct-to-video. After retiring in 2016 to become a restaurateur, Boll returned to filmmaking in 2022. His films are financed through his production companies Boll KG and Event Film Productions.
Bupropion/trazodone
Bupropion/trazodone (developmental code names S1P-104 and S1P-205; proposed brand names Lorexys and Orexa) is a combination of the norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI) bupropion and the serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitor (SARI) trazodone which is under development for the treatment of erectile dysfunction, female sexual dysfunction, and male sexual dysfunction. It is taken orally. Both bupropion and trazodone have individually been found to be effective and used for treating sexual dysfunction, such as low sexual desire or erectile dysfunction. Bupropion/trazodone is under development by S1 Pharmaceuticals or S1 Biopharma. As of September 2021, it is in phase 2 clinical trials for erectile dysfunction and female sexual dysfunction, whereas no recent development has been reported for male sexual dysfunction.

Phases of clinical research
The phases of clinical research are the stages in which scientists conduct experiments with a health intervention to obtain sufficient evidence for a process considered effective as a medical treatment. For drug development, the clinical phases start with testing for drug safety in a few human subjects, then expand to many study participants (potentially tens of thousands) to determine if the treatment is effective. Clinical research is conducted on drug candidates, vaccine candidates, new medical devices, and new diagnostic assays.
2014 Moldovan census
The 2014 Moldovan census was held between 12 and 25 May 2014. It was organized by National Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Moldova.

The cost of the 2014 census was 89 million MDL. The finances for organizing and conducting the census, processing the data and publishing the results came from the state budget, as well as from Moldova's development partners – Swiss Development and Cooperation (SDC), Government of Romania, Government of the Czech Republic, UNICEF, UNDP and the European Union, with the support of the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA).

The census did not cover the breakaway republic of Transnistria, which approximately corresponds to the Administrative-Territorial Units of the Left Bank of the Dniester of Moldova. At the same time, Transnistria postponed its census for at least 2 years citing financial difficulties. Its estimated population as of the beginning of 2014 was 505.1 thousand.

United Nations Population Fund
The United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) is a UN agency aimed at improving reproductive and maternal health worldwide. Its work includes developing national healthcare strategies and protocols, increasing access to birth control, and leading campaigns against child marriage, gender-based violence, obstetric fistula, and female genital mutilation.

The UNFPA supports programs in more than 144 countries across four geographic regions: Arab States and Europe, Asia and the Pacific, Latin America, the Caribbean and Africa. Around three-quarters of the staff work in the field. It is a founding member of the United Nations Development Group, a collection of UN agencies and programmes focused on fulfilling the Sustainable Development Goals.
Bartholomäus Bernhardi of Feldkirchen
Bartholomäus Bernardi (1487–1551) was the rector and a professor of physics and philosophy at the University of Wittenberg during the time of Martin Luther. He was a student of Luther's.

He was born in Schlins in Vorarlberg (Austria) and studied at Erfurt in Germany.

He became a Protestant reformer. He was pastor of the congregation in Kemberg, Saxony (15.2 kilometers (9.4 miles) south of Wittenberg). He was the first Lutheran provost in Kemberg.

He was the third Lutheran priest to marry (after Jacob Knabe of Danzig and Nicholas Brunner of Nesselbach).

After his marriage, the Archbishop of Magdeburg, Elector Albrecht of Mainz, demanded that the Elector of Saxony, Frederick the Wise, extradite Bernardi to the ecclesiastical court; the Elector refused to do so.

Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg
Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (German: Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg), also referred to as MLU, is a public research university in the cities of Halle and Wittenberg. It is the largest and oldest university in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt. MLU offers German and international (English) courses leading to academic degrees such as BA, BSc, MA, MSc, doctoral degrees, and habilitation.

The university was created in 1817 through the merger of the University of Wittenberg (founded in 1502) and the University of Halle (founded in 1694). MLU is named after Protestant reformer Martin Luther, who was a professor in Wittenberg. Today, the university campus is located in Halle, while  Leucorea Foundation in Wittenberg serves as MLU's convention centre.
Janneken Øverland
Janneken Øverland (born 22 August 1946) is a Norwegian editor, biographer and publishing house executive. She was born in Stavanger. She edited the literary magazine Vinduet from 1980 to 1984. She was co-editor of the three-volume Norsk kvinnelitteraturhistorie (1988-1990), and has written a biography on Cora Sandel. From 1997 until her retirement in 2013 she was editorial manager for the publishing house Gyldendal Norsk Forlag, responsible for translated literature.

Gyldendal Norsk Forlag
Gyldendal Norsk Forlag AS, commonly referred to as Gyldendal N.F. and in Norway often only as Gyldendal, is one of the largest  Norwegian publishing houses. It was founded in 1925 after buying rights to publications from the Danish publishing house Gyldendal, which the company also takes it name from.
Nina Floy Bracelin
Nina Floy Bracelin was a botanist, plant collector, and scientific illustrator.

A fuchsia, Fuchsia bracelinae, is named after her. A willow, Salix lesiolepis bracelinae, is named after her. She was given a lifetime membership to the California Academy of Sciences.

She worked extensively with Ynes Mexia and with Alice Eastwood.

The standard author abbreviation Bracelin is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.

Fuchsia
Fuchsia (/ˈfjuːʃə/ ⓘ FEW-shə) is a genus of flowering plants that consists mostly of shrubs or small trees.

Almost 110 species of Fuchsia are recognized; the vast majority are native to South America, but  a few occur north through Central America to Mexico, and also several from New Zealand to Tahiti. One species, F. magellanica, extends as far as the southern tip of South America, occurring on Tierra del Fuego in the cool temperate zone, but the majority are tropical or subtropical.
HMS Vulture (1843)
HMS Vulture was one of three 6-gun, steam-powered Cyclops-class second-class paddle frigates built for the Royal Navy in the 1840s. She was initially deployed to the East Indies where she participated in actions against China and then played a minor role in the Crimean War of 1854–1855. The ship was sold for scrap in 1863.

East Indies
The East Indies (or simply the Indies) is a term used in historical narratives of the Age of Discovery. The Indies broadly referred to various lands in the East or the Eastern Hemisphere, particularly the islands and mainlands found in and around the Indian Ocean by Portuguese explorers, soon after the Cape Route was discovered. In a narrow sense, the term was used to refer to the Malay Archipelago, which today comprises the Philippine Archipelago, Indonesian Archipelago, Borneo, and New Guinea. Historically, the term was used in the Age of Discovery to refer to the coasts of the landmasses comprising the Indian subcontinent and the Indochinese Peninsula along with the Malay Archipelago.
Daniel Biran Bayor
Daniel Biran Bayor (Hebrew: דניאל בירן ביאור) is the Israeli Ambassador to the Dominican Republic with concurrent appointments to Antigua and Barbuda, Jamaica, Haiti, Dominica, Grenada, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, and Saint Kitts and Nevis.

Bayor has a Masters in Public Health from Tel Aviv University.

Professional degrees of public health
The Master of Public Health (MPH), Master of Science in Public Health (MSPH), Master of Medical Science in Public Health (MMSPH) and the Doctor of Public Health (DrPH), International Masters for Health Leadership (IMHL) are interdisciplinary professional degrees awarded for studies in areas related to public health. The MPH degree focuses on public health practice, as opposed to research or teaching. Master of Public Health programs are available throughout the world in Schools of Public Health, Programs in Public Health, Medical Schools, and Schools of Public Affairs. MPH degrees, in addition to including a core curriculum, will usually also let students pursue a specialization in a specific field, such as epidemiology, biostatistics, or health management.
HMS Investigator (1823)
HMS Investigator was a survey sloop of the Royal Navy. She was purchased in 1823 for service in Indian waters.

On 1 November 1825 the eight-man crew of Investigator′s tender, the cutter Star, abandoned Star in the North Sea; the British merchant ship Amity rescued them. On 8 November 1825, Investigator herself was "wrecked" in the North Sea, but she survived and reached Harwich, Essex, England, on 11 November 1825.

Investigator′s fate is unknown.

Amity (1801 ship)
HMS Inspector was launched in 1801 at Mistley as the mercantile Amity. The Royal Navy purchased her in 1803 and named her HMS Inspector. The Navy laid her up in 1808 before selling her in 1810. She then returned to mercantile service. Between 1818 and 1825 she made four voyages as a whaler in the British southern whale fishery. She returned to mercantile service and was last listed in 1833 as being at Falmouth.
Jaco Kriel
Jacobus Albertus Kriel (born 21 August 1989 in Standerton, South Africa) is a rugby union player for Lions. He plays as a flanker.

Kriel has also represented the University of Johannesburg in the Varsity Cup.

He was the headboy of Hoërskool Standerton and captained their first team, he also played Craven Week.

Flanker (rugby union)
Flanker is a position in the sport of rugby union. Each team of 15 players includes two flankers, who play in the forwards, and are generally classified as either blindside or openside flankers, numbers 6 and 7 respectively. The name comes from their position in a scrum in which they 'flank' each set of forwards. They compete for the ball – most commonly in rucks and mauls. Flankers also assist in pushing in a scrum, but are expected to detach from the scrum as soon as the ball is out to get to the play before the opposition's forwards. Flankers also participate in line-outs, either being lifted to contest or win possession, or to lift other players. Flankers are usually the key participants in the tackling process. The flankers, especially the openside, are often the fastest forwards on the team but still relied upon for tackling.
Black Mesa National Forest
Black Mesa National Forest was established as the Black Mesa Forest Reserve by the United States General Land Office in Arizona on February 22, 1897 with 4,147,200 acres (16,783 km2).  After the transfer of federal forests to the U.S. Forest Service in 1905, it became a National Forest on March 4, 1907. On July 1, 1908 the forest was divided among Sitgreaves, Tonto, Apache and Coconino National Forests and the name was discontinued.

United States General Land Office
The General Land Office (GLO) was an independent agency of the United States government responsible for public domain lands in the United States. It was created in 1812 to take over functions previously conducted by the United States Department of the Treasury.  Starting with the enactment of the Land Ordinance of 1785, which created the Public Land Survey System, the Treasury Department had already overseen the survey of the Northwest Territory, including what is now the state of Ohio.

Placed under the Department of the Interior when that department was formed in 1849, it was merged with the United States Grazing Service (established in 1934) to become the Bureau of Land Management on July 16, 1946.
Prism (geology)
In sedimentology, a prism is a long, narrow, wedge-shaped sedimentary body.  These types of sediments are typically formed during orogenic deformation; for example, the arkose detrital sedimentary rock found in fault troughs.

In mineralogy, prismatic is also type of mineral habit (appearance of a crystal). Prismatic minerals have crystals that show a uniform cross-section. Prismatic crystals typically have 3, 4, 6, 8 or 12 faces which are parallel to a crystallographic axis. The apatite group of minerals commonly exhibit elongated hexagonal prisms.

Mineralogy
Mineralogy is a subject of geology specializing in the scientific study of the chemistry, crystal structure, and physical (including optical) properties of minerals and mineralized artifacts. Specific studies within mineralogy include the processes of mineral origin and formation, classification of minerals, their geographical distribution, and their utilization.
Kuzu
The Kuzu (国栖・国巣・国樔) were a people of ancient Japan believed to have lived along the Yoshino River in Nara Prefecture. They were mentioned in the Kojiki and Nihon Shoki. The name was also used for a population living in the old Hitachi province (today's Ibaraki Prefecture) mentioned by the Hitachi Fudoki.

Their name may be at the origin of the name of the kudzu plant, supposedly for being associated with the harvest and sale of kudzu roots or starch extracted from them.

Kinokawa River
The Kinokawa or redundantly Kinokawa River (紀ノ川 or 紀の川, Kinokawa) is a river in Nara and Wakayama Prefecture in Japan. It is called Yoshino River (吉野川, Yoshinogawa) in Nara. It is 136 kilometres (85 mi) long and has a watershed of 1,660 square kilometres (640 mi2).

The river flows from Mount Ōdaigahara to the west. It pours into Kii Channel at Wakayama city.
Dornoch, Ontario
The village of Dornoch is located less than 11 kilometers north of the town of Durham on Highway 6 in Grey County, Ontario, Canada. It is part of the municipality of West Grey.

Dornoch was settled by Bartholomew Griffin in 1841.  The area was originally called "Griffin's Corners"; it acquired its present name in 1880, when Philip McIntosh renamed it for his father's birthplace in Scotland. Griffin started the first general store. The community centre was built in 1952. Dornoch is situated 11 kilometers south of Williamsford and 33 kilometers south of Owen Sound.

The village is primarily a small farming community on the outskirts of Durham, but does have a convenience store that is known for its photography and ice cream, a community hall that is used for small events as well as the recently rebuilt Dawg House Inn. The community hall was sold to private owners.

Owen Sound
Owen Sound (2021 Census population 21,612) is a city in Southwestern Ontario, Canada. The seat of government of Grey County, it is located at the mouths of the Pottawatomi and Sydenham Rivers on an inlet of Georgian Bay.

The primary tourist attractions are the many waterfalls within a short drive of the town.
Intelligence Protection Organization of the Islamic Republic of Iran Army
Intelligence Protection Organization of the Islamic Republic of Iran Army (Persian: سازمان حفاظت اطلاعات ارتش جمهوری اسلامی ایران), acronymed SAHEFAJA (Persian: ساحفاجا), is a military intelligence agency with a mission to perform counterespionage measures inside the army in order to prevent, discover and neutralize possible subversions, sabotages and coup d'etats. It has an independent command hierarchy from the army.

Sabotage
Sabotage is a deliberate action aimed at weakening a polity, government, effort, or organization through subversion, obstruction, demoralization,  destabilization, division, disruption, or destruction. One who engages in sabotage is a saboteur. Saboteurs typically try to conceal their identities because of the consequences of their actions and to avoid invoking legal and organizational requirements for addressing sabotage.
McFeely
McFeely is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anthony McFeely (1909–1986), Irish Roman Catholic bishop

Bernard N. McFeely (1882–1949), American politician

Stephen McFeely (born 1969), American screenwriter

W. Drake McFeely (born c. 1954), American publisher

William S. McFeely (1930–2019), American academic and historian

Anthony McFeely
Anthony Columba McFeely (4 February 1909 – 7 October 1986) was an Irish prelate of the Roman Catholic Church.

McFeely was born in Ballybofey and educated at St Columb's College, Derry. He followed his paternal uncle Fr William Boyle McFeely  into the priesthood and studied for the priesthood at St Patrick's College, Maynooth and the Pontifical Irish College, Rome and was ordained a priest for service in the Diocese of Derry.

From 1950 to 1959 he was President of St Columb's and parish priest of Strabane from then until his appointment to the episcopate, as Bishop of Raphoe . He was ordained a bishop in St Eunan's Cathedral, Letterkenny on 27th June 1965.
2018 Czech Social Democratic Party leadership election
A leadership election for the Czech Social Democratic Party (ČSSD) was held in 2018 following the 2017 legislative election. Jan Hamáček was elected the new leader of the party, defeating Jiří Zimola in the second round.

Roman Onderka
Roman Onderka (born 11 November 1965 in Brno) is a Czech politician who has served as the mayor of Brno, and has been a member of the Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic since October 2017, and a vice chairman of the Czech Social Democratic Party since 2018. On 25 October 2021 he became acting leader of ČSSD when Jan Hamáček resigned on the position.
Archie Boyd Teater
Archie Boyd Teater (May 5, 1901 – July 18, 1978) was an American landscape and genre artist who painted in an impressionist style. He has been estimated to have painted more than 4000 paintings in his lifetime, making him one of the "most prolific painters in the U.S."  His work featured western scenes, mining camps, Jackson Hole, the Teton Mountains, San Francisco buildings, and still lifes: strawberries, potatoes, and oranges.

Of the subsequent Jackson Hole artists, he is probably the best known. In terms of painting the Tetons and Jackson Hole, Archie is totally without peer.—Lester Taylor, a part-time Teton Valley resident.

Genre art
Genre art is the pictorial representation in any of various media of scenes or events from everyday life, such as markets, domestic settings, interiors, parties, inn scenes, work, and street scenes. Such representations (also called genre works, genre scenes, or genre views) may be realistic, imagined, or romanticized by the artist. Some variations of the term genre art specify the medium or type of visual work, as in genre painting, genre prints, genre photographs, and so on.

The following concentrates on painting, but genre motifs were also extremely popular in many forms of the decorative arts, especially from the Rococo of the early 18th century onwards. Single figures or small groups decorated a huge variety of objects such as porcelain, furniture, wallpaper, and textiles.