hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cinque Ports (1703 ship)
Cinque Ports is also the name for a group of five English port towns, the namesake of this ship.

Cinque Ports was an English ship whose sailing master was Alexander Selkirk, generally accepted as a model for the fictional Robinson Crusoe. The ship was part of a 1703 expedition commanded by William Dampier, who captained the accompanying ship, the 26-gun St George with a complement of 120 men.

When the War of the Spanish Succession broke out in 1701, English privateers were recruited to act against French and Spanish interests.  Despite a court-martial for cruelty to one of his crew in an earlier voyage, Dampier was granted command of the two-ship expedition which departed England on 30 April 1703 for the port of Kinsale in Ireland.

Master (naval)
The master, or sailing master, is an historical rank for a naval warrant officer trained in and responsible for the navigation and ship handling of a sailing vessel.

In the Royal Navy, the master was ranked with, but after, the lieutenants. The rank became a commissioned officer rank and was renamed navigating lieutenant in 1867; the rank gradually fell out of use from around 1890 since all lieutenants were required to pass the same examinations.

When the United States Navy was formed in 1794, master was listed as one of the warrant officer ranks and ranked between midshipmen and lieutenants.  The rank was also a commissioned officer rank from 1837 until it was replaced with the current rank of lieutenant, junior grade in 1883.
Pingasa rhadamaria
Pingasa rhadamaria is a moth of the family Geometridae first described by Achille Guenée in 1858. It is found on the Comoros, Madagascar and São Tomé and Príncipe and in Sierra Leone, South Africa, the Gambia, Zimbabwe, Cameroon, Ghana, Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania and Zambia.

The larvae feed on Ziziphus jujuba and Ziziphus mauritiana.

Ziziphus mauritiana
Ziziphus mauritiana, also known as Indian jujube, Indian plum, Chinese date, Chinee apple, ber (Hindi: बेर) and dunks, is a tropical, spiny, evergreen shrub or small tree in the buckthorn family Rhamnaceae. It is often confused with the closely related Chinese jujube (Z. jujuba): Z. mauritiana is common is tropical and subtropical climates, while Z. jujuba prefers temperate climates.

The plant grows vigorously up to 12 metres (39 ft) high, with a trunk 30 centimetres (12 in) or more in diameter. It has a spreading crown with stipular spines and drooping branches. The fruit is oval, obovate, oblong or round, and can be 2.5–6 centimetres (0.98–2.36 in) long depending on the variety, having smooth, light green skin when unripe, turning yellow and then reddish brown as it ripens.
Hans Jacob Stabel
Hans Jacob Stabel (27 August 1769 – 7 January 1836) was a Norwegian priest and elected official.

Hans Stabel was born at the parsonage where his father was parish pastor in Onsøy at Fredrikstad in Østfold county. In 1792, he took a job as personnel chaplain in Onsøy. From 1799, he was an assistant pastor at Slidredomen in Oppland county. In 1806, he became pastor in Søndre Aurdal. He was a vicar in Kristiansand from 1822 to 1825. He served as pastor in Østre Toten from 1825 until he died in 1836.

In 1814, he was a member of the constitutional assembly at Eidsvoll Manor to draft and sign the Norwegian Constitution as a representative from Christians amt, now Innlandet county. He was made a member of the Royal Order of Vasa by King Karl XIV Johan.

Constitution of Norway
The Constitution of Norway (complete name: The Constitution of the Kingdom of Norway; Danish: Kongeriget Norges Grundlov; Norwegian Bokmål: Kongeriket Norges Grunnlov; Norwegian Nynorsk: Kongeriket Noregs Grunnlov) was adopted on 16 May and signed on 17 May 1814 by the Norwegian Constituent Assembly at Eidsvoll. The latter date is the National Day of Norway; it marks the establishment of the constitution.

It is the fourth oldest written single-document national constitution in Europe after the Constitution of Poland, the French constitution of 1791, and the Spanish Constitution of 1812. The document is also the second oldest working national constitution in the world, after the Constitution of the United States. In May 2014, the Storting passed the most substantial changes since 1814, particularly by including paragraphs on human rights.
Renče
Renče (pronounced [ˈɾeːntʃɛ]; Italian: Ranziano) is a settlement in the lower Vipava Valley in the Municipality of Renče–Vogrsko in the Littoral region of Slovenia.

The hamlets of Arčoni, Lukežiči, Martinuči, Mohorini, Merljaki (Mrljaki until 1993), Renški Podkraj, and Žigoni were independent settlements until 2000, when they were incorporated into Renče.

The parish church in the settlement is dedicated to Saints Hermagoras and Fortunatus and belongs to the Diocese of Koper.

Municipality of Renče–Vogrsko
The Municipality of Renče–Vogrsko (pronounced [ˈɾeːntʃɛ ˈʋoːɡəɾskɔ]; Slovene: Občina Renče - Vogrsko, Italian: Comune di Ranziano-Voghersca) is a municipality in the Goriška region of Slovenia. It was created in 2006, when it split from the City Municipality of Nova Gorica. The seat of the municipality is the village of Bukovica.
Ursula (name)
Ursula is a feminine given name in several  languages. The name is derived from a diminutive of the Latin ursa, which means "bear". In the English-speaking world, the name was most common in the 16th century, but has since become relatively rare, although its use has been influenced since the twentieth century by the Swiss-born actress Ursula Andress (born 1936). It was among the most popular names for newborn girls in Germany from the 1920s to the 1950s. Ulla, Ursel, and Uschi are German short forms of the name.

Ursula is a villain in the 1989 Disney animated  film The Little Mermaid and its 2023 live-action remake The Little Mermaid.

Other forms of the name include:

Orsolya in Hungarian

Úrsula in Spanish (notice the acute accent)

Uršula in Bosnian

Ursule in French

Uršulė in Lithuanian

Urszula in Polish

Uršula / Urša / Urška in Slovenian

Anglosphere
The Anglosphere, also known as the Anglo-American world, is a sphere of influence among Anglophone countries. The core group of this sphere of influence comprises five developed countries that maintain close social, cultural, political, economic, and military ties with each other: Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Anglosphere countries are generally aligned with each other on global issues and collaborate extensively in matters of security, as exemplified by alliances like Five Eyes. The core countries of the Anglosphere are either NATO members or designated by the United States as major non-NATO allies.
Pterocles bosporanus
Pterocles bosporanus is an extinct species of sandgrouse, described in 2023 from early Pleistocene-aged fossil material found in central Crimea. Potential additional remains are known from Italy. The only confirmed specimen is part of a limb bone, and the species is larger than other members of the genus Pterocles.

Tibiotarsus
The tibiotarsus is the large bone between the femur and the tarsometatarsus in the leg of a bird. It is the fusion of the proximal part of the tarsus with the tibia.

A similar structure also occurred in the Mesozoic Heterodontosauridae. These small ornithischian dinosaurs were unrelated to birds and the similarity of their foot bones is best explained by convergent evolution.
KPBX-FM
KPBX-FM (91.1 FM) is a non-commercial, listener-supported, public radio station in Spokane, Washington.  It airs news, talk and information programs on weekday morning and afternoon drive times, with a mix of music shows featuring classical, jazz, blues, folk and other genres the rest of the day, and the BBC World Service overnight.  KPBX-FM, along with sister stations 91.9 KSFC and 90.3 KPBZ, are owned and operated by Spokane Public Radio.

KPBX-FM is a Class C station.  It broadcasts with an effective radiated power (ERP) of 56,000 watts.  Its transmitter tower is off East Henry Road in Spokane Valley.  Through seven full-power repeaters and six translators, it reaches listeners in eastern Washington, northeastern Oregon, northern Idaho, western Montana and southern British Columbia.

Spokane Valley
The Spokane Valley is a valley of the Spokane River through the southern Selkirk Mountains in the U.S. state of Washington.
The valley is home to the cities of Spokane and its suburbs Spokane Valley, Liberty Lake, and Millwood. The valley is bounded on the north and south by the Selkirk Mountains, on the west by the Columbia River Basalt Group, and on the east by the Rathdrum Prairie at the Idaho state border.
Mica Peak, located south of the valley, is the southernmost peak in the Selkirk Range. The mountain, along with surrounding peaks, separates the Spokane Valley from the Palouse.
The Valley contains part of the Spokane Valley–Rathdrum Prairie Aquifer.
Bagan (river)
The Bagan (Russian: Баган) is a river in Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia. The river is 364 kilometres (226 mi) long and has a catchment area of 10,700 square kilometres (4,100 sq mi).

The basin of the river is located in the Kargatsky, Bagansky, Zdvinsky, Dovolensky, Krasnozyorsky and Karasuksky districts. Since 1994 here is a 26,880 ha (66,400 acres) Ramsar site in the lower course of the river.

Zdvinsky District
Zdvinsky District (Russian: Здви́нский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty in Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southwestern central part of the oblast. The area of the district is 4,943 square kilometers (1,909 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Zdvinsk. Population: 16,636 (2010 Census);  18,770 (2002 Census); 21,035 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Zdvinsk accounts for 33.7% of the district's total population.
Sulyman Age Abdulkareem
Sulyman Age Abdulkareem is a Nigerian academic and professor of chemical engineering who served as the Vice-Chancellor of the University of Ilorin from 2017 to 2022.

Abdulkareem  graduated from University of Detroit in the US in 1980, with BChE and MChE degrees in chemical engineering. In 1988 he was awarded a Ph.D. by the University of Louisville in the US. His areas of specialisation are heterogeneous catalysis and reaction engineering.

Abdulkareem has worked for the Nigerian Steel Development Company in Ajaokuta, Nigeria, and for 3M in Minnesota, US. He was a research engineer and assistant professor in the King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals in Saudi Arabia.

Prior to his appointment at the University of Ilorin, Abdulkareem was Vice-Chancellor of Al-Hikmah University in Ilorin. He was appointed as new Vice-Chancellor of the University of Ilorin on 28 August 2017 and took up his role on 16 October 2017. He was preceded by Abdul Ganiyu Ambali.

Ajaokuta Steel Mill
Ajaokuta Steel Company Limited (ASCL) popularly known as Ajaokuta Steel Mill is a steel mill in Nigeria, located in Ajaokuta, Kogi State, Nigeria.  Built on a 24,000 hectares (59,000 acres) site starting in 1979, it is the largest steel mill in Nigeria, and the coke oven and by-products plant are larger than all the refineries in Nigeria combined.  However, the project was mismanaged and remains incomplete 40 years later.  Three-quarters of the complex have been abandoned, and only the light mills have been put into operation for small-scale fabrication and the production of iron rods. As of 2025, the Nigerian government is trying to engage Chinese partners for a revitalization of the mill.
The Knight in White Satin Armor
"The Knight in White Satin Armor" is the 12th episode of the second season of the HBO television series The Sopranos. It was written by Robin Green and Mitchell Burgess, and directed by Allen Coulter, and originally aired on April 2, 2000.

Mitchell Burgess
Mitchell Burgess is an American writer and producer. He was a writer and an executive producer on The Sopranos. He was a creator and executive producer for Blue Bloods. He frequently works with his wife Robin Green.
Druten
Druten (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈdrytə(n)] ⓘ) is a municipality and a town in the eastern Netherlands. The municipality covers the eastern part of the Land van Maas en Waal region of the province of Gelderland.

One of its key features is the town's church, designed by architect Pierre Cuypers. The church is dedicated to the Two Ewalds, with statues for the two made in the studio Atelier Cuypers-Stoltzenberg, owned by Cuypers and Frans Stoltzenberg.

Pierre Cuypers
Petrus Josephus Hubertus "Pierre" Cuypers (16 May 1827 – 3 March 1921) was a Dutch architect. His name is most frequently associated with the Amsterdam Central Station (1881–1889) and the Rijksmuseum (1876–1885), both in Amsterdam. More representative for his oeuvre, however, are numerous churches, of which he designed more than 100. Moreover, he restored many monuments.
Cyaxares II
Cyaxares II (Ancient Greek: Κυαξάρης) was a king of the Medes whose reign is described by the Greek historian Xenophon. Some theories have equated this figure with the "Darius the Mede" named in the Book of Daniel. He is not mentioned in the histories of Herodotus or Ctesias, and many scholars doubt that he actually existed. The question of his existence impacts on whether the kingdom of the Medes merged peacefully with that of the Persians in about 537 BC, as narrated by Xenophon (8.6.22, 8.7.1), or was subjugated in the rebellion of the Persians against Cyrus' grandfather in 559 BC, a date derived from Herodotus (1.214) and almost universally accepted by current scholarship.

Ctesias
Ctesias (/ˈtiːʒəs/ TEE-zhəs; Ancient Greek: Κτησίᾱς, romanized: Ktēsíās; fl. 5th century BC), also known as Ctesias of Cnidus, was a Greek physician and historian from the town of Cnidus in Caria, then part of the Achaemenid Empire.
Leith-Buchanan baronets
The Leith, later Leith-Buchanan Baronetcy, of Burgh St Peter in the County of Norfolk, is a title in the Baronetage of Great Britain. It was created on 21 November 1775 for Alexander Leith, Member of Parliament for Tregony. The third Baronet married Jemima, daughter of Hector Macdonald Buchanan. Their son the fourth Baronet assumed the additional surname of Buchanan in 1877. Neither the presumed seventh Baronet nor eighth Baronet successfully proved their succession and were not on the Official Roll of the Baronetage. Following the death of the 8th Baronet in a motor vehicle accident in 2018, the title passed to his son, the 9th Baronet; he also has not proven his claim to the title.

The Leith family is of Scottish origin and descends from William Leith, Provost of Aberdeen in the 14th century.

Burgh St Peter
Burgh St Peter is a village and civil parish in the South Norfolk district of Norfolk, England. It is about 3+1⁄2 miles (6 km) northeast of Beccles in Suffolk and 17 miles (27 km) south-east of Norwich.

The River Waveney forms the parish boundary to the south, east and north-east of Burgh St Peter, and also forms the county boundary with Suffolk. Low-lying land beside the Waveney forms a series of marshland levels in the parish, the largest of which is Burgh Marshes northeast of the village. The parish covers an area of 3+1⁄4 square miles (8.4 km2). The 2011 Census recorded its population as 274, with this increasing slightly to 290 at the 2021 Census.
Town Center, Columbia, Maryland
Town Center is one of the ten villages in Columbia, Maryland, United States, first occupied in 1974. The Town Center is a non-contiguous, diverse area, and the most urban-like, ranging from multi-level high density apartments, homes and office buildings to single family homes.

The six residential neighborhoods in the village include Amesbury Hill, Banneker, Creighton's Run, Lakefront, Vantage Point, and Warfield Triangle.

Merriweather Post Pavilion
Merriweather Post Pavilion is an outdoor concert venue located in the planned community of Columbia, Maryland. In 2010, Merriweather was named the second best amphitheater in the United States by Billboard magazine. The venue was also ranked as the fourth best amphitheater in the United States by Rolling Stone in 2013. It was again ranked by Consequence of Sound at number 29 of all music venues in the nation out of 100 in 2016. In 2023, Fodor's Travel named Merriweather the 6th-best outdoor music venue in the country.
Aguadulce District
Aguadulce (Spanish pronunciation: [aɣwaˈðulse]) is a district (distrito) of Coclé Province in Panama. The population according to the 2000 census was 39,290.  The district covers a total area of 466 km². The capital lies at the city of Aguadulce.

2000 Panamanian census
The 2000 Panamanian census gathered important demographic and economic data for the Panama. It was the tenth national census of population and sixth of housing. It was conducted on May 14, 2000, by the Republic of Panama General Directorate of Statistics and Census.
Supporting electrolyte
A supporting electrolyte, in electrochemistry, according to an IUPAC definition, is an electrolyte containing chemical species that are not electroactive (within the range of potentials used) and which has an ionic strength and conductivity much larger than those due to the electroactive species added to the electrolyte. Supporting electrolyte is also sometimes referred to as background electrolyte, inert electrolyte, or inactive electrolyte.

Supporting electrolytes are widely used in electrochemical measurements when control of electrode potentials is required. This is done to increase the conductivity of the solution (to practically eliminate the so-called IR drop, or ohmic potential drop from Ohm's law: V = IR), to eliminate the transport of electroactive species by ion migration in the electric field, to maintain constant ionic strength, to maintain constant pH, etc.

Chemical species
Chemical species are a specific form of chemical substance or chemically identical molecular entities that have the same molecular energy level at a specified timescale. These entities are classified through bonding types and relative abundance of isotopes. Types of chemical species can be classified based on the type of molecular entity and can be either an atomic, molecular, ionic or radical species.
Pitstone Hill
Pitstone Hill is a 22.9-hectare (57-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Importance east of Pitstone in Buckinghamshire. It is in the Chilterns Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, and is crossed by the Ridgeway National Trail.

The site is chalk grassland on a steeply sloping hill, with small areas of woodland and scrub. The richest areas botanically are the lower and steeper slopes, with plants including the nationally scarce pasque flower and field fleawort. Twenty-six species of butterfly have been recorded, and breeding birds include skylarks, meadow pipits and willow warblers.

There is access from Stocks Road.

Alauda
Alauda is a genus of larks found across much of Europe, Asia and in the mountains of north Africa, with one species (the Raso lark) endemic to the islet of Raso in the Cape Verde Islands. At least two additional species are known from the fossil record. The genus name is from Latin alauda, "lark". Pliny the Elder thought the word was originally of Celtic origin.
Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Cross River
The Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Cross River comprises three Senators representing Cross River North, Cross River South, and Cross River Central, and eight Representatives representing  Calabar Municipal/Odukpani, Ogoja/Iyala, Ikom/Boki, Yakurr/Abi, Bekwarra/Obudu/Obanliku, Akpabuyo/Bakassi/Calabar South, Akamkpa/biase, and Obubra/ Etung.

House of Representatives (Nigeria)
The House of Representatives (also called Green Chamber) is the lower chamber of Nigeria's bicameral National Assembly. The Senate is the upper chamber.

The Green Chamber has 360 members who are elected in single-member constituencies using the plurality (or first-past-the-post) system, most recently in 2023. Members serve four-year terms. The presiding officer of the house is the Speaker, currently Tajudden Abbas (as of May 2024).
Beinwil am See railway station
Beinwil am See railway station (German: Bahnhof Beinwil am See) is a railway station in the municipality of Beinwil am See, in the Swiss canton of Aargau. It is an intermediate stop on the standard gauge Seetal line of Swiss Federal Railways.

Lucerne S-Bahn
The Lucerne S-Bahn (German: S-Bahn Luzern) is an S-Bahn-style commuter rail network focusing on Lucerne in Central Switzerland.

Opened on 12 December 2004, the network forms part of the Central Switzerland S-Bahn project (German: S-Bahn Zentralschweiz), which also includes the Zug Stadtbahn (German: Stadtbahn Zug).

The system connects to services of Aargau S-Bahn, Bern S-Bahn and Zurich S-Bahn. At larger stations, notably Arth-Goldau, Lucerne and Zug, its lines also connect to long-distance trains (RE, IR, IC, EC). It also connects to mountain railways, such as the Pilatus Railway or the Arth-Rigi railway. Lakeside stations are often close to landing sites served by the Lake Lucerne Navigation Company.
Jari Bidda Jana
Jari Bidda Jana (pronunciationⓘ) is a 1980 Indian Kannada-language film, directed by Y. R. Swamy and produced by J. Chandulal Jain, B. Deepak Chand, Naveenchand Shah and A. Krishnamurthy. The film stars Lokesh, Jayanthi, Ashok and Rekha Rao. The film has musical score by T. G. Lingappa.

Y. R. Swamy
Y. R. Swamy (c. 1927 – 21 October 2002) was an Indian film director and screenwriter who worked primarily Kannada cinema. He directed over 35 films in his career, 18 of which came in films that stars Rajkumar in the lead role. He also holds the record for directing Rajkumar for the highest no. of times- eighteen.

His first film as a director came in the 1953 Telugu film, Pratigna. Since then, Swamy directed films in the Kannada language and mostly in the mythological genre and with a social connect. His popular films include Bhakta Kanakadasa (1960), Katari Veera (1966), Paropakari (1970), Sipayi Ramu (1972) and Bhale Huchcha (1972). Recognizing his contribution to Kannada cinema, he was awarded the 1990–91 Puttanna Kanagal Award.
Parish of Terrawinda
Terrawinda is a remote civil parish of Yantara County in far North West New South Wales.
The Geography, of the parish is mostly the flat, arid landscape of the Channel Country. The parish has a Köppen climate classification of BWh (Hot desert).

The nearest town is Tibooburra to the north west, which is on the Silver City Highway and lies south of the Sturt National Park.

Sturt National Park
The Sturt National Park is a protected national park that is located in the arid far north-western corner of New South Wales, in eastern Australia. The 325,329-hectare (803,910-acre) national park is situated approximately 1,060 kilometres (660 mi) northwest of Sydney and the nearest town is Tibooburra, 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) away.

Established in 1972, the park is named in honour of Charles Sturt, a colonial  explorer. The park features typical outback scenery of flat, reddish-brown landscapes. It was resumed from five pastoral properties. The Sturt National Park was featured in British documentary called Planet Earth. The Dingo Fence was built along the national park's northern boundary.
Perceval (sculpture)
Perceval is a public sculpture by British artist Sarah Lucas, a member of the Young British Artists movement. It is located in Aspire Park, Doha, Qatar. Perceval is the only piece of public art made by Lucas. It depicts a Clydesdale horse and cart, in the manner of a china ornament.

Perceval was cast at the Pangolin Editions foundry in Stroud, England.

Sarah Lucas
Sarah Lucas (born 1962) is an English artist. She is part of the generation of Young British Artists who emerged in 1988. Her works frequently employ visual puns and bawdy humour by incorporating photography, sculpture, collage and found objects.