hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gelnhausen Charter
The Gelnhausen Charter was a charter written by the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I deposing Duke Henry XII for committing treason and "gravely oppressing … the nobles … [by] occupying their possessions and diminishing their rights." It split the duchies of Westphalia and Angria away from the Duchy of Saxony.

Duchy of Westphalia
The Duchy of Westphalia (German: Herzogtum Westfalen) was a historic territory in the Holy Roman Empire, which existed from 1102 to 1803. It was located in the greater region of Westphalia, originally one of the three main regions in the German stem duchy of Saxony and today part of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia. The duchy was held by the archbishop-electors of Cologne until its secularization in 1803.
Info-Türk
Info-Türk is a Turco-European working group and foundation that was founded in 1974 in Brussels with the aim to inform world opinion of the social, economic, cultural and political life of Turkey, and to address issues relating to emigration from Turkey. As well as its monthly Info-Türk bulletin, Info-Türk has published many books, pamphlets, files, records and cassettes in different languages, mainly in English, French, Dutch, German and Turkish.

In 2006, on the occasion of Info-Türk's founders being awarded the Human Rights Association of Turkey's Ayse Zarakolu Freedom of Thought Prize, IFEX said that Info-Türk had "tackled many subjects considered taboo in Turkey, including anti-semitism and the question of the Armenian Genocide."

IFEX (organization)
IFEX, formerly International Freedom of Expression Exchange, is a global network of more than 119 independent non-governmental organizations that work at a local, national, regional, or international level to defend and promote freedom of expression as a human right.
Alltddu Halt railway station
Alltddu Halt railway station served the hamlet of Allt-ddu, located between Lampeter and Aberystwyth on the Carmarthen Aberystwyth Line in the Welsh county of Ceredigion. The Ystwyth Trail, a multi-use rail trail, now passes the site on the trackbed of the former railway.

Ystwyth Trail
The Ystwyth Trail is a 21-mile (34 km) multi-use rail trail linking Aberystwyth, Llanfarian, Ystrad Meurig and Tregaron in Ceredigion, Wales. Cycling and walking are permitted along the entire length while horseriding is permitted on several sections only.

The £1.7m Ystwyth Trail was partially completed in September 2008 and runs along part of the former track bed of the Old Manchester and Milford Railway, a Great Western Railway branch line opened in 1867, and closed as part of the beeching cuts in 1963. It remains incomplete today, with multiple road diversions due to objections during planning.

The Ystwyth Trail links with other routes via Lampeter and Devil's Bridge creating a link with both the Lôn Cambria and Lôn Teifi long-distance cycling routes (Sustrans national network routes 81 and 82).
Andreas Manga
Yves Andréas Manga (born 15 October 1980) is a French football defender of Senegalese origin. He is currently without a club after being released by Perpignan Canet FC.

The reason for this release was the reckless behaviour on the pitch during the 2007-08 season. After 24 matchdays, Manga had received red cards against Tubize, VW Hamme and OH Leuven. On matchday 25, against Antwerp, Manga made a dangerous two-footed challenge on Luciano Olguín. He only received a yellow card, but was substituted during the break after some other risky interventions.

Royal Antwerp F.C.
Royal Antwerp Football Club (commonly referred to as Royal Antwerp or simply Antwerp) is a Belgian professional football club based in the city of Antwerp. They compete in the Belgian Pro League, the top flight of Belgian football. Founded in 1880, Royal Antwerp is considered to be the oldest football club in Belgium.

The team has won the Belgian league title five times and the Belgian Cup four times, including a domestic double in 2022–23. In European competitions, it reached the final of the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup in 1992–93 and qualified for the UEFA Champions League group stage for the first time in 2023.

The club's home colours are red and white and, since 1923, they have played their home games at Bosuilstadion in the Deurne district of Antwerp.
Sudiat Dali
Sudiat Dali  is a Singaporean former football midfielder who played for Singapore in the 1984 Asian Cup. He also played for Geylang International FC, and Singapore Lions in the Malaysia Cup tournament. He was known in his early career as 'Mike Hammer' (a popular novel and comic book character) for his tough tackling style of defending which also brings him caution or suspension from referees.

He coached the Nanyang Polytechnic football team in the Polytechnic-Institute of Technical Education Championship in 2009.
He is currently the coach of Jurong Junior College's football team.

1984 AFC Asian Cup
The 1984 AFC Asian Cup was the 8th edition of the men's AFC Asian Cup, a quadrennial international football tournament organised by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC). The finals were hosted by Singapore between 1 December and 16 December 1984. The field of ten teams was split into two groups of five. Saudi Arabia won their first title, beating China in the final 2–0.
Again & Again (2PM song)
"Again & Again" (Korean: 어게인 & 어게인; RR: Eogein & eogein) is a Korean song by South Korean boy band 2PM. It is the title track of the group's single album 2:00PM Time for Change. It premiered digitally on April 16, 2009 and was released as a CD single in South Korea on April 23, 2009, via JYP Entertainment.  The release is supported by the B-side tracks "What Time Is It Now?", "I Hate You", and "Maybe She'll Come Back".

The song was 2PM's first number-one single and has won the group several accolades, including the 2009 MAMA Award for Artist of the Year. It was also included in 2PM's first studio album, 01:59PM (2009), and a re-recorded version was included in 2PM's compilation album 2PM Member's Selection (2012).

MAMA Award for Artist of the Year
The MAMA Award for Artist of the Year (올해의 가수상) is a daesang (or grand prize) award presented by CJ E&M (Mnet) at the annual MAMA Awards. It was first awarded at the event's 8th ceremony held in 2006; the five-member boyband group TVXQ won the award, and it is given in honor for artists with artistic achievement, technical proficiency and overall excellence in the music industry.
Leiv
Leiv is a masculine given name, a Norwegian spelling variant of Leif. Persons so-named include:

Leiv Amundsen (1898–1987), Norwegian librarian and philologist

Leiv Blakset (1928–2005), Norwegian farmer, teacher and politician

Leiv Erdal (1915–2009), Norwegian military officer, bailiff and politician

Leiv Harang (1902–1970), Norwegian physicist

Leiv Heggstad (1879–1954), Norwegian educator, linguist and translator

Leiv Kjøllmoen (1930–2015), Norwegian politician

Leiv Kreyberg (1896–1984), Norwegian pathologist and university professor

Leiv Lunde (1961–2022), Norwegian political scientist and politician

Leiv Mjeldheim (1929–2011), Norwegian historian

Leiv Nergaard (born 1944), Norwegian businessperson

Leiv Stensland (1934–2020), Norwegian politician

Leiv Kristen Sydnes (born 1948), Norwegian chemist

Leiv Magnus Vidvei (1923–2016), Norwegian economist, civil servant and politician

Leiv Lunde
Leiv Lunde (4 May 1961 – 30 September 2022) was a Norwegian political scientist and politician representing the Christian Democratic Party.

He served as State Secretary for developmental affairs in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs from 1997 to 2000 in the Bondevik's First Cabinet and in Bondevik's Second Cabinet from February to October 2005.

He was director of the Fridtjof Nansen Institute in Oslo from 2012 to 2014.
Chale Wote Street Art Festival
The Chale Wote Street Art Festival also known as Chale Wote, is an annual street festival in Accra, Ghana organized by ACCRA [dot] ALT, in collaboration with Redd Kat Pictures and Chale Wote Street Art Projekt. The festival targets exchanges between scores of local and international artists and patrons. "Chale Wote" in the Ga language means "friend, let's go" and its meaning is derived from a type of flip-flop commonly worn in a household.

Osu, Accra
Osu is a neighbourhood in central Accra, Ghana, West Africa. It is located about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) east of the central business district, and is locally known as the "West End" of Accra. Bounded to the south by the Gulf of Guinea, Osu's western boundary is the Independence Avenue. Osu is separated from the northern district of Labone by Ring Road. Due to its establishment as a settlement in the 17th century, Osu has a mix of houses dating from the early 20th century and modern office towers.
Corymbia chippendalei
Corymbia chippendalei, commonly known as sand-dune bloodwood or sandhill bloodwood, is a species of small tree or a mallee that is endemic to desert country in central Australia. It has rough bark on part or all of the trunk, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, white flowers and shortened spherical fruit.

Mallee (habit)
Mallee are trees or shrubs, mainly certain species of eucalypts, which grow with multiple stems springing from an underground lignotuber or xylopodium, usually to a height of no more than 10 m (33 ft). The term is widely used for trees with this  growth habit across southern Australia, in the states of Western Australia, South Australia, New South Wales and Victoria, and has given rise to other uses of the term, including the ecosystems where such trees predominate, specific geographic areas within some of the states and as part of various species' names.
Ndiwa
Ndiwa is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Juma Ndiwa (born 1960), Kenyan middle-distance runner

Kangana Ndiwa (born 1984), Congolese footballer

Stacey Chepkemboi Ndiwa (born 1992), Kenyan long-distance runner

Juma Ndiwa
Juma Ndiwa (born 28 November 1960) is a Kenyan former middle-distance runner specialising in the 800 metres. He represented his country at the 1984 and 1988 Summer Olympics as well as the 1983 World Championships. He won the gold at the 1982 African Championships and a bronze at the 1985 edition.

His personal best in the event is 1:44.20 set in Munich in 1983.
Lake–Tysen House
The Lake–Tysen House is a spacious farmhouse with Dutch and Flemish architectural details. It was built by Joseph Guyon on his farmstead in Oakwood, Staten Island in the United States. Most of its original interior woodwork, including both Georgian and Federal styles of paneling remains intact. Based on the style and proportions of the house, it would be considered a middle-to-upper-class dwelling. The Lake family owned several slaves, who may have been housed in the rooms above the kitchen. The building was acquired by Historic Richmond Town, a living history museum, in 1962, and transported from Oakwood during July 9–12, 1962. The building was restored before it was opened to the public in October 1963. Full restoration was completed in the 1970s.

Living museum
A living museum, also known as a living history museum, is a type of museum which recreates historical settings to simulate a past time period, providing visitors with an experiential interpretation of history.  It is a type of museum that recreates to the fullest extent conditions of a culture, natural environment or historical period, in an example of living history.
André Gorin
Andrei Costinel Gorcioaia, known professionally as André (or Andrei) Gorin; born 30 November 1987) is a Romanian rugby union player. He plays in the flanker position for amateur Fédérale 1 club Valence d'Agen. He also plays for Romania's national team the Oaks.

Fédérale 1
The Championnat de France de rugby à XV de 1re division fédérale (French pronunciation: [ʃɑ̃pjɔna də fʁɑ̃s də ʁyɡbi a kɛ̃z də pʁəmjɛʁ divizjɔ̃ fedeʁal]), a.k.a. Fédérale 1 ([fedeʁal œ̃]), is a French rugby union club competition, it is the elite of amateur rugby in France. The competition has been organised by the Fédération Française de Rugby since 2000, when it replaced the B2 Group. The championship is contested between 48 teams and named in honor of the famous former FC Lourdes and French International player, Jean Prat.
Kazakhstan at the 2022 Winter Olympics
Kazakhstan competed at the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing, China, from 4 to 20 February 2022.

On January 21, 2022, speed skater Yekaterina Aidova and short track speed skater Abzal Azhgaliyev were named as the country's flagbearer during the opening ceremony. Meanwhile Azhgaliev was also the flagbearer during the closing ceremony.

Abzal Azhgaliyev
Abzal Abaiūly Äjğaliev (Kazakh: Абзал Абайұлы Ажғалиев; born 30 June 1992) is a Kazakh male short-track speed skater. He has competed in three Winter Olympic Games and is the first short-track skater from Kazakhstan to win a World Cup event. Holding eight World Cup podiums, he is the most decorated Kazakh skater.
Cary Bates
Cary Bates (born 1948) is an American comic book, animation, television and film writer. He is best known for his work on The Flash, Superman, Superboy, Legion of Super-Heroes, and Captain Atom. Bates is the longest-serving Superman writer, at twenty years.

Christopher Columbus: The Discovery
Christopher Columbus: The Discovery is a 1992 historical adventure film directed by John Glen. It was the last project developed by the father and son production team of Alexander and Ilya Salkind. The film follows events after the fall of the Emirate of Granada (an Arab principality which was located in the south of Spain), and leads up to the voyage of Columbus to the New World in 1492.

Its behind-the-scenes history involved an elaborate series of financial mishaps, which later brought about an emotional falling-out between Alexander and Ilya; as a frustrated Alexander would later lament in a November 1993 interview with the Los Angeles Times, "I know, after this, that I'll never make movies again."

The film was released for the 500th anniversary of Columbus' voyage. The premiere took place at almost exactly the same time as 1492: Conquest of Paradise, which has often led to confusion between the two films. Neither would be a critical or commercial success.
Married at First Sight (Australian TV series) season 13
The thirteenth season of Married at First Sight  premiered on 2 February 2026 on the Nine Network.  Relationship advisors John Aiken and Mel Schilling, alongside sexologist Alessandra Rampolla, all returned to match nine brides and nine grooms. Halfway through the experiment, the experts matched another two brides and two grooms together, as well as two grooms in a same-sex couple.

Following on from issues in past series, with investigations by New South Wales Police Force and Safework NSW, the show will provide a domestic violence support hotline number and the tag line, "Aggressive behaviour is never acceptable".

John Aiken (television personality)
John Maxwell Aiken (born 3 July 1970) is an Australian television personality, psychologist and former cricketer, who played for Auckland and Wellington in New Zealand. Since 2015, he has appeared as one of the "experts" on every season of the reality television series Married at First Sight Australia.
Hench
Hench is a surname of possible English or Scottish origin. Notable people with the surname include:

Else Hench, Austrian luger

John Hench (1908–2004), American employee of The Walt Disney Company

Julie Diana Hench, American ballet dancer, ballet master, writer and arts administrator

Kevin Hench, American screenwriter, producer, and columnist

Philip Showalter Hench (1896–1965), American physician

Kevin Hench
Kevin Hench is an American screenwriter, television producer, television writer and columnist for foxsports.com.

Hench is a frequent collaborator with comedian Adam Carolla, having co-written and co-produced the 2007 film The Hammer and two network TV pilots starring Carolla. Hench was also a producer on Carolla's series The Man Show and Too Late with Adam Carolla. With retired NBA player John Salley, Hench hosted a podcast called Spider and the Henchman for Carolla's ACE Broadcasting Network.

Hench appears regularly on the NPR sports show Only A Game and to discuss Boston-area sports on The Bill Simmons Podcast. He has also appeared on the ESPN show Jim Rome Is Burning.

Hench is an alumnus of the University of Vermont. He resides in Los Angeles with his wife, actress Heather Juergensen.
Xinomavro
Xinomavro (Greek: Ξινόμαυρο [ksiˈno̞mavro̞], lit. 'sour black') is the principal red wine grape of the uplands of Naousa in the regional unit of Imathia, and around Amyntaio, in Macedonia, Greece.  This grape is primarily cultivated in Naousa, Goumenissa, Amyntaio, Rapsani, Trikomo, Siatista, Velventos, and, on a lesser scale, on Mount Athos, at Ossa, Ioannina, Magnesia, Kastoria and Trikala.  In 2010, the total  global cultivated area  was 1,971 hectares (4,870 acres)  and was entirely in Greece, but by 2013 this had grown to 2,239 hectares (5,530 acres) worldwide, with some initial plantings in Gansu, China.

Trikomo, Greece
Trikomo (Greek: Τρίκωμο, before 1927: Ζάλοβο – Zalovo) is a settlement and a community in the municipal unit Theodoros Ziakas, in Grevena regional unit, Greece. The 2021 census gives its population as 63. The community has an area of 16.853 km2.
Electric Fields
Electric Fields is an Australian electronic music duo made up of vocalist Zaachariaha Fielding and keyboard player and producer Michael Ross. Electric Fields combine modern electric-soul music with Aboriginal culture and sing in Pitjantjatjara, Yankunytjatjara and English. The duo have released an EP and several singles. In 2024, they became the first duo to represent Australia in the Eurovision Song Contest, with the song "One Milkali (One Blood)".

National Indigenous Music Awards
The National Indigenous Music Awards (NIMA), also known as the NT Indigenous Music Awards from 2004 to 2008, are music awards presented to recognise excellence, innovation and leadership among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander musicians in Australia.
ProFTPD
ProFTPD (short for Pro FTP daemon) is an FTP server. ProFTPD is Free and open-source software, compatible with Unix-like systems and Microsoft Windows (via Cygwin).
Along with vsftpd and Pure-FTPd, ProFTPD is among the most popular FTP servers in Unix-like environments today. Compared to those, which focus e.g. on simplicity, speed or security, ProFTPD's primary design goal is to be a highly feature rich FTP server, exposing a large amount of configuration options to the user.

Unix-like
A Unix-like (sometimes referred to as UN*X, *nix or *NIX) operating system is one that behaves in a manner similar to a Unix system, although not necessarily conforming to or being certified to any version of the Single UNIX Specification. A Unix-like application is one that behaves like the corresponding Unix command or shell. Although there are general philosophies for Unix design, there is no technical standard defining the term, and opinions can differ about the degree to which a particular operating system or application is Unix-like. Some well-known examples of Unix-like operating systems include Linux, FreeBSD and OpenBSD. These systems are often used on servers as well as on personal computers and other devices. Many popular applications, such as the Apache web server and the Bash shell, are also designed to be used on Unix-like systems.
Alexander Black (surveyor)
Alexander Black (25 May 1827 – 13 March 1897) was a Scottish-born surveyor who worked for most of career in Victoria, Australia and was Surveyor General of Victoria for six years from 1886.

Black was born at Arndilly, Banffshire, Scotland.  After training as a land surveyor in Aberdeen and working locally, he migrated to Victoria in 1852.  He worked in the Castlemaine goldfields then returned to Melbourne and joined the Victorian government survey office.  His work included the survey of the Black-Allan Line—the eastern "straight-edge" portion of the border between the Australian states of New South Wales and Victoria.

Black was appointed Surveyor General of Victoria on 1 July 1886 and held the position until his retirement in May 1892. He was elected a member of the Victorian Institute of Surveyors (the Institution of Surveyors Victoria) in 1877 and was president 1878 to 1880. He died in St Kilda, Victoria on 13 March 1897.

Banffshire
Banffshire (/ˈbænfʃər/; Scots: Coontie o Banffshire; Scottish Gaelic: Siorrachd Bhanbh) is a historic county in Scotland. The county town is Banff, although the largest settlement is Buckie to the west. The historic county ceased to be used for local government purposes in 1975. Since 1996 the area has been split between the Aberdeenshire and Moray council areas. The historic county boundaries of Banffshire are still used for certain functions, being a registration county and lieutenancy area.

It borders the Moray Firth to the north, Moray and Inverness-shire to the west, and Aberdeenshire to the east and south.
Naanum Rowdy Dhaan (soundtrack)
Naanum Rowdy Dhaan is the soundtrack to the 2015 film of the same name directed by Vignesh Shivan and produced by Dhanush's Wunderbar Films, starring Vijay Sethupathi and Nayanthara. The soundtrack featured six songs composed by Anirudh Ravichander and were primarily written by Vignesh himself, with the exception of one song by Thamarai, with Anirudh, Neeti Mohan, Benny Dayal, Sid Sriram, and Sean Roldan recording the vocals for the album. All the songs in the film were released as a singles and were well received by critics and listeners.

Sean Roldan
Sean Roldan (born Raghavendra Raja Rao) is an Indian composer, musician, and lyricist who predominantly works in the Tamil film industry. He has worked on Carnatic music, independent music, and film scores for the Tamil film industry. He rose to fame after gaining critical acclaim for his work in Balaji Mohan's Tamil-Malayalam bilingual Vaayai Moodi Pesavum / Samsaaram Aarogyathinu Haanikaram (2014).
Sarajevo International Guitar Festival
The Sarajevo International Guitar Festival (Bosnian: Međunarodni festival gitare Sarajevo / Међународни фестивал гитаре Сарајево) is an international multi-day classical guitar music festival which annually takes place in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It was established in 2011 and is the only festival of its kind in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Since 2017 it is a full-member of EuroStrings. The festival has hosted numerous international names such as Margarita Escarpa, Rovshan Mamedkuliev, Sérgio Assad, Juanjo Domínguez, Le Trio Joubran, Roland Dyens, Dušan Bogdanović, Yorgos Foudoulis, Petar Čulić, Hubert Käppel, Pablo Márquez and others.

Le Trio Joubran
Le Trio Joubran (Arabic: الثلاثي جبران) is an oud trio playing traditional Palestinian music. The trio consists of brothers Samir, Wissam, and Adnan Joubran, originally from Nazareth and currently dividing their time between Nazareth, Ramallah and Paris. The Joubran brothers come from a well-known family with a rich artistic heritage. Their mother, Ibtisam Hanna Joubran, sang the Muwashahat (poems that originated in Arab Spain) while their father, Hatem, is among the most renowned stringed-instrument makers in Palestine and in the Arab world. They are the first oud trio.
Love Will Survive
"Love Will Survive" refers to different recordings:

Malo single from the 1974 album Ascención

Donny Osmond single from the 1990 album Eyes Don't Lie

Krokus song from the 2006 album Hellraiser

Barbra Streisand song for the 2024 series The Tattooist of Auschwitz

The Tattooist of Auschwitz (TV series)
The Tattooist of Auschwitz is a 2024 historical drama miniseries based on the novel of the same name by Heather Morris. The cast includes Harvey Keitel, Melanie Lynskey, Jonah Hauer-King, and Anna Próchniak.