hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Portelet Tower
Portelet Tower, Jersey, is a round tower that the British built in 1808 on the tidal island L'Île au Guerdain in Portelet Bay in the parish of Saint Brélade, Jersey. The site is often referred to as Janvrin's tower or Janvrin's Tomb. The site is accessible at low tide.

Tidal island
A tidal island is a raised area of land within a waterbody, which is connected to the larger mainland by a natural isthmus or man-made causeway that is exposed at low tide and submerged at high tide, causing the land to switch between being a promontory/peninsula and an island depending on tidal conditions.

Because of the mystique surrounding tidal islands, many of them have been sites of religious worship, such as Mont-Saint-Michel with its Benedictine abbey.  Tidal islands are also commonly the sites of fortresses because of the natural barrier created by the tidal channel.
Integrability of demand
In microeconomic theory, the problem of the integrability of demand functions deals with recovering a utility function (that is, consumer preferences) from a given walrasian demand function. The "integrability" in the name comes from the fact that demand functions can be shown to satisfy a system of partial differential equations in prices, and solving (integrating) this system is a crucial step in recovering the underlying utility function generating demand.

The problem was considered by Paul Samuelson in his book Foundations of Economic Analysis, and conditions for its solution were given by him in a 1950 article. More general conditions for a solution were later given by Leonid Hurwicz and Hirofumi Uzawa.

Utility maximization problem
In microeconomic theory, the utility maximization problem formalizes how a consumer allocates limited resources across different goods and services. The consumer is assumed to have well-defined preferences over all feasible bundles of goods and to be able to rank these bundles according to the level of utility they provide. Given a budget constraint determined by income and prices, the consumer chooses the most preferred bundle that is affordable. The utility maximization problem yields a systematic analysis of consumer demand and how it changes in response to changes in income or prices.
Gentian, Columbus, Georgia
Gentian is a neighborhood Columbus, Georgia. The boundaries are generally acknowledged to be Moon Road and the Columbus Airport  to the north, Reese Road to the south, I-185 to the west, and Miller Road to the east. It is also home to Cooper Creek Park.

Interstate 185 (Georgia)
Interstate 185 (I-185) is a 49.3-mile-long (79.3 km) auxiliary Interstate Highway in the west-central part of the US state of Georgia. I-185 also carries the unsigned State Route 411 (SR 411) and is named the Chet Atkins Parkway for its entire length. It provides a freeway connection between Columbus and I-85, which continues on to the Atlanta metropolitan area.
1996 Conference USA men's basketball tournament
The 1996 Conference USA men's basketball tournament was held March 6–9 at The Pyramid in Memphis, Tennessee. This was the first edition of the tournament.

Top-seeded Cincinnati defeated Marquette in the inaugural championship game, 85–84, to clinch their first Conference USA men's tournament championship.

The Bearcats, in turn, received an automatic bid to the 1996 NCAA tournament. They were joined in the tournament by fellow C-USA members Louisville, Marquette, and Memphis, who all earned at-large bids.

1995–96 Marquette Golden Eagles men's basketball team
The 1995–96 Marquette Golden Eagles men's basketball team represented the Marquette University in the 1995–96 season. The Golden Eagles finished the regular season with a record of 23–8. As a 4 seed, the Golden Eagles defeated the 13 seed Monmouth in the first round, 68–44. Marquette would fall to Arkansas in the second round.
Mark Fisher
Mark Fisher (11 July 1968 – 13 January 2017), also known under his blogging alias k-punk, was an English writer, music critic, political and cultural theorist, philosopher, Marxist and teacher based in the Department of Visual Cultures at Goldsmiths, University of London. He initially achieved acclaim for his blogging as k-punk in the early 2000s, and was known for his writing on radical politics, music, and popular culture.

Fisher published several books, including the unexpected success Capitalist Realism: Is There No Alternative? (2009), and contributed to publications such as The Wire, Fact, New Statesman and Sight & Sound. He was also the co-founder of Zero Books, and later Repeater Books. After years intermittently struggling with depression, Fisher died by suicide in January 2017, shortly before the publication of The Weird and the Eerie (2017).

Radical politics
Radical politics denotes the intent to transform or replace the fundamental principles of a society or political system, often through social change, structural change, revolution or radical reform. The process of adopting radical views is termed radicalisation.

The word radical derives from the Latin radix ("root") and Late Latin radicalis ("of or pertaining to the root, radical"). Historically, political use of the term referred exclusively to a form of progressive electoral reformism, known as Radicalism, that had developed in Europe during the 18th and 19th centuries. However, the denotation has changed since its 18th century coinage to comprehend the entire political spectrum, though retaining the connotation of "change at the root".
Kunuri railway station
Kunuri railway station is a railway station of Andal–Sainthia branch line of the Asansol railway division connecting from Andal to Sainthia on the Sahibganj loop line. This is under the jurisdiction of Eastern Railway zone of Indian Railways. It is situated beside State Highway 6 at Parishar, Kunuri, Birbhum district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

Eastern Railway zone
22°34′21.8″N 88°21′50.2″E﻿ / ﻿22.572722°N 88.363944°E﻿ / 22.572722; 88.363944

The Eastern Railway (abbreviated ER) is among the 19 zones of the Indian Railways. Its headquarters is at Fairley Place (Kolkata) and comprises four divisions: Howrah, Malda, Sealdah, and Asansol. Each division is headed by a Divisional Railway Manager (DRM). The name of the division denotes the name of the city where the divisional headquarters is located. Eastern Railway oversees the largest and second largest rail complexes in the country, Howrah Junction and Sealdah railway station, and also contains the highest number of A1 and A Category Stations like Howrah, Malda Town,
Sealdah, Asansol, Kolkata, Durgapur, Barddhaman, Jasidih, Madhupur, Rampurhat Junction, Bhagalpur, Jamalpur, Bandel and Naihati. Eastern Railways operates India's oldest train, Kalka Mail.
Pneumopulmonata
Pneumopulmonata is a superorder of heterobranch pulmonate gastropods belonging to the subterclass Tectipleura. It was defined based on results of phylogenomic studies and named by Krug et al. (2022). The superorder unites all of Panpulmonata except for Sacoglossa.

Heterobranchia
Heterobranchia, the heterobranchs (meaning "different gill"), is a taxonomic clade of snails and slugs, which includes marine, aquatic, and terrestrial gastropod molluscs.

Heterobranchia is one of the main clades of gastropods. Currently Heterobranchia comprises two groups: the opisthobranchs, and the pulmonates.
Foster, Eau Claire County, Wisconsin
Foster is an unincorporated community in the town of Clear Creek in Eau Claire County, Wisconsin, United States. It lies approximately nine miles south-southwest of Fall Creek, seven miles southeast of Cleghorn and six miles northwest of Osseo. Located primarily along Eau Claire County Highway "HH", it is flanked on the west by U.S. Highway 53 and on the east by Interstate 94, being the site of I-94's exit #81 in Wisconsin, placing it 11 miles southeast along the freeway from southeastern Eau Claire and seven miles northwest of Osseo.

Osseo, Wisconsin
Osseo (/ˈɒsioʊ/ OSS-ee-oh) is a city located in Trempealeau County, Wisconsin, United States, at the confluence of the North and South Forks of the Buffalo River. The population was 1,811 at the 2020 census.
Pelargonium crispum
Pelargonium crispum (the "crisped-leaf pelargonium") is a Pelargonium species native to the Western Cape Province, South Africa. It is in the subgenus Pelargonium along with Pelargonium graveolens and Pelargonium capitatum and Pelargonium tomentosum.

Phyllotaxis
In botany, phyllotaxis (from Ancient Greek  φύλλον (phúllon)  'leaf' and  τάξις (táxis)  'arrangement') or phyllotaxy is the arrangement of leaves on a plant stem. Phyllotactic spirals form a distinctive class of patterns in nature.
Ammar Abdel Aziz
Ammar Ramadan Abdel Aziz Mereg (Arabic: عمار رمضان عبد العزيز مرق; born 5 February 1977) is a Sudanese former footballer who played as a defender. He formerly played for Al-Hilal.

Abdel Aziz was a member of the Sudan national football team. He scored his only international goal in a 1–1 away draw against Benin during the 2006 FIFA World Cup qualification.

Al Hilal Club (Omdurman)
Al Hilal Sports Club (Arabic: نادي الهلال), known as Al Hilal SC or simply Al Hilal, is a Sudanese professional football club based in Omdurman that competes in the Sudan Premier League. The club currently competes in the Rwanda Premier League, the top-flight of football in Rwanda, due to the ongoing Sudanese civil war.
St. Joseph's College, Colombo
St. Joseph's College is a selective-entry Roman Catholic boys' school in Colombo, Sri Lanka. Founded on 2 March 1896 by French missionaries led by Rev. Father Christophe Ernest Bonjean, it is regarded as one of the country’s most prominent educational institutions.

The college serves students from Grade 1 to Grade 13, with an enrollment of more than 4,000 and a staff of over 450 as of 2023. It operates as a private, partially state-funded institution, charging fees while receiving limited government support for teachers and resources, and also benefits from contributions from a global alumni network.

Notable former students include Mohamed Amin Didi, the first President of the Maldives; Ranasinghe Premadasa, the third President of Sri Lanka; Nirj Deva, Member of the Parliament of the United Kingdom; and Thomas Cooray, the first Catholic Cardinal from Sri Lanka.

President of Sri Lanka
The president of Sri Lanka (Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකා ජනාධිපති Śrī Laṅkā Janādhipati; Tamil: இலங்கை ஜனாதிபதி Ilaṇkai janātipati) is the head of state and head of government of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka. The president is the chief executive of the union government and the commander-in-chief of the Sri Lanka Armed Forces. The powers, functions and duties of prior presidential offices, in addition to their relation with the Prime minister and Government of Sri Lanka, have over time differed with the various constitutional documents since the creation of the office. The president appoints the Prime Minister of Sri Lanka who can command the confidence of the Parliament of Sri Lanka.

Anura Kumara Dissanayake is the 10th and current president, having assumed office on 23 September 2024, after being declared the winner of the 2024 presidential election.
Joseph Thorman
Joseph Thorman (6 August 1871 – 7 October 1936) was an English prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Bishop of Hexham and Newcastle from 1924 to 1936.

Born in Gateshead, County Durham on 6 August 1871, he was ordained to the priesthood on 27 September 1896. He was appointed the Bishop of the Diocese of Hexham and Newcastle by the Holy See on 18 December 1924. His consecration to the Episcopate took place on 27 January 1925, the principal consecrator was Archbishop Frederick William Keating of Liverpool, and the principal co-consecrators were Bishop Joseph Robert Cowgill of Leeds and Bishop Thomas Dunn of Nottingham.

He died in office in Newcastle upon Tyne on 7 October 1936, aged 65, and was buried at Ushaw College cemetery.

Catholicism portal

Gateshead
Gateshead (/ˈɡeɪts(h)ɛd/) is a town in the Gateshead Metropolitan Borough of Tyne and Wear, England. It is on the River Tyne's southern bank. At the 2021 census, the population was 196,151.

Historically part of County Durham, under the Local Government Act 1888 the town was made a county borough, meaning it was administered independently of the county council.

The town's attractions include the twenty-metre-tall Angel of the North sculpture on the town's southern outskirts, The Glasshouse International Centre for Music and the Baltic Centre for Contemporary Art. The town shares the Millennium Bridge, Tyne Bridge and multiple other bridges with Newcastle upon Tyne.
Prasonisi (islet)
Prasonisi, also known as Vryonisi, is an uninhabited Greek islet, in the Aegean Sea, close to the northern coast of eastern Crete. It is extremely small, measuring just 0.034 square kilometres (370,000 sq ft) in area. Notably, there is a shipwreck on the islet's southern side, over thirty metres beneath the sea; the ship itself is broken up and possibly buried but remains of pottery, including amphorae, have been reported. Various species of sea snail have been recorded living on and around the island. The island itself is mostly covered by salt-tolerant plants.

Halophyte
A halophyte is a salt-tolerant plant that grows in soil or waters of high salinity, coming into contact with saline water through its roots or by salt spray, such as in saline semi-deserts, mangrove swamps, marshes and sloughs, and seashores. The word derives from Ancient Greek ἅλας (halas) 'salt' and φυτόν (phyton) 'plant'. Halophytes have different anatomy, physiology and biochemistry than glycophytes. An example of a halophyte is the salt marsh grass Spartina alterniflora (smooth cordgrass). Relatively few plant species are halophytes—perhaps only 2% of all plant species.

The large majority of plant species are glycophytes, which are not salt-tolerant and are damaged fairly easily by high salinity.
1st Tsvetovo
1st Tsvetovo or Pervoye Tsvetovo (Russian: 1-е Цветово, Первое Цветово) is a rural locality (Russian: деревня, lit. 'village') and the administrative center of Novoposelenovsky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Kursky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population:  1,151 (2010 Census); 978 (2002 Census);

Kursky District, Kursk Oblast
Kursky District (Russian: Ку́рский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-eight in Kursk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the center of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,657.29 square kilometers (639.88 sq mi). Its administrative center is the city of Kursk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 54,521 (2021 Census); 54,778 (2010 Census);  56,494 (2002 Census); 56,701 (1989 Soviet census).
U S Navy Flag (horse)
U S Navy Flag (foaled 6 February 2015) is an American-bred, Irish-trained Thoroughbred racehorse. In 2017 he became the first horse in 35 years to win both the Middle Park Stakes and the Dewhurst Stakes. As two-year-old he was beaten in his first four racecourse appearances, including the Coventry Stakes before winning a maiden race in July. He then finished second in the July Stakes and fourth in the Phoenix Stakes before recording his first significant win in the Group 3 Round Tower Stakes. He won the Middle Park Stakes at Newmarket Racecourse on 30 September and returned to the same track two weeks later to follow up in the Dewhurst Stakes. As a three-year-old in 2018 he ran in several major mile races without success before dropping back to sprint distances to win the July Cup.

Coolmore Stud
Coolmore Stud, in Fethard, County Tipperary, Ireland, is the headquarters of one of the world's largest breeding operation of thoroughbred racehorses. Through its racing arm, Ballydoyle, Coolmore also has raced many classic winners and champions. The operation, which is currently owned and run by the Magnier family, has been associated with a long sequence of top-class stallions since the 1850s, originally in County Cork, where stallions still stand as part of Coolmore today.

Coolmore was once home to champion sires Sadler's Wells, Danehill, and Galileo.
Rio Grande Hospital
Rio Grande Hospital is a critical access hospital in Del Norte, Colorado, in Rio Grande County. The hospital has  17 beds. In addition to the main hospital buildings in Del Norte, the hospital also operates clinics in Creede, South Fork, and Monte Vista.

The hospital is a Level IV trauma center.

Del Norte, Colorado
Del Norte is the statutory town that is the county seat of Rio Grande County, Colorado, United States. The town's name is most commonly pronounced /ˈdɛl nɔɹt/. The town population was 1,458 at the 2020 United States census.
Mary Beth Imes
Mary Beth Imes (born March 31, 1948) is an American politician who has served as a Republican member of the Kentucky House of Representatives since January 2021. She represents Kentucky's 5th House district, which includes Calloway County and part of Trigg County.

Calloway County, Kentucky
Calloway County is a county located on the southwest border of the U.S. Commonwealth of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 37,103. Its county seat is Murray. The county was founded in November 1822 and named after Colonel Richard Callaway, one of the founders of Boonesborough. Calloway County comprises the Murray, KY Micropolitan Statistical Area. As of July 18, 2012, Calloway County is a moist county: the sale of alcohol in the county is prohibited, with the exception of the city of Murray.
Boldecker Land
Boldecker Land is a municipality in the district of Gifhorn, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated along the river Aller, approx. 12 km east of Gifhorn, and 8 km northwest of Wolfsburg. Its seat is in the village Weyhausen.

Aller (Germany)
The Aller (pronounced [ˈalɐ] ⓘ) is a 215-kilometre-long (134 mi) river in the states of Saxony-Anhalt and Lower Saxony in Germany. It is a right-hand, and hence eastern, tributary of the Weser and is also its largest tributary. Its last 117 kilometres (73 mi) form the Lower Aller federal waterway (Bundeswasserstraße). The Aller was extensively straightened, widened and, in places, dyked during the 1960s to provide flood control of the river. In a 20-kilometre-long (12 mi) section near Gifhorn, the river meanders in its natural river bed.
Squalius prespensis
Squalius prespensis, the Prespa chub, is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Leuciscidae, the daces, Eurasian minnows and related fishes. This fish grows to 25 cm (9.8 in) SL. It was originally described as a subspecies of European chub.

Squalius prespensis is endemic to the Lake Prespa basin, shared between Albania, Greece, and North Macedonia. It is abundant within its restricted habitat, and seems to have increased in abundance in recent years. However, it is potentially threatened by overfishing, water extraction, and pollution.

Phoxinus
Phoxinus is a genus of freshwater fish in the family Leuciscidae of order Cypriniformes, and the only members of the subfamily Phoxininae, or Eurasian minnows. The other species in this genus are also commonly known as minnows. The name "minnow" was what early English fisherman used to describe "small and insignificant". The genus Phoxinus is found throughout Eurasia, and includes 21 known species. Previously, members of the North American genus Chrosomus were also believed to form part of this genus.
Blanca Li
Blanca Li, originally Blanca María Gutiérrez Ortiz (born January 12, 1964) is a Spanish choreographer, film director, dancer, and actress.

She has created choreographies for the Paris Opera Ballet, The Berlin Ballet, the Metropolitan Opera, for filmmakers like Pedro Almodóvar and Michel Gondry, and for musical artists like Beyoncé, Daft Punk ("Around the World" ), Paul McCartney, Kanye West and Coldplay, among others. Whether performance, opera, musical, museum installation, event, music video or feature film, she initiates and realizes a great number of projects: "I like to give life to all that’s in my brain". Never restricted to one style, she gets her inspiration from a broad spectrum of physical forms of expression (from flamenco to classical ballet and hip-hop).

Classical ballet
Classical ballet is any of the traditional, formal styles of ballet that exclusively employ classical ballet technique. It is known for its aesthetics and rigorous technique (such as pointe work, turnout of the legs, and high extensions), its flowing, precise movements, and its ethereal qualities.

There are stylistic variations related to an area or origin, which are denoted by classifications such as Russian ballet, French ballet, British ballet and Italian ballet. For example, Russian ballet features high extensions and dynamic turns, whereas Italian ballet tends to be more grounded, with a focus on fast, intricate footwork. Many of the stylistic variations are associated with specific training methods that have been named after their originators. Despite these variations, the performance and vocabulary of classical ballet are largely consistent throughout the world.
Robert A. Bosch
Robert A. (Bob) Bosch (born August 13, 1963, in Buffalo NY) is an author, recreational mathematician and the James F. Clark Professor of Mathematics at Oberlin College. He is known for domino art and for combining graph theory and mathematical optimization to design connect-the-dots eye candy: labyrinths, knight's tours, string art and TSP Art.

He is the author of Opt Art: From Mathematical Optimization to Visual Design.

Mathematical optimization
Mathematical optimization (alternatively spelled optimisation) or mathematical programming is the selection of a best element, with regard to some criteria, from some set of available alternatives. It is generally divided into two subfields: discrete optimization and continuous optimization. Optimization problems arise in all quantitative disciplines from computer science and engineering to operations research and economics, and the development of solution methods has been of interest in mathematics for centuries.

In the more general approach, an optimization problem consists of maximizing or minimizing a real function by systematically choosing input values from within an allowed set and computing the value of the function. The generalization of optimization theory and techniques to other formulations constitutes a large area of applied mathematics.
UCI Track Cycling World Championships – Men's tandem
The UCI Track Cycling World Championships – Men's tandem is the defunct world championship tandem event that was held annually at the UCI Track Cycling World Championships between 1966 and 1994. Czechoslovakia won with 9 titles the most times.

At the 1900 championships a tandem event was organized. This race has never been officially recognized. The Dutch duo Harrie Meyers-Fernando Tomaselli won ahead of the French duo Edmond Jacquelin-Lucien Louvet and the French-American duo Charles Vanoni-Robert Protin. Because the race was not official the medalists are not listed here.

1966 UCI Track Cycling World Championships
The 1966 UCI Track Cycling World Championships were the World Championship for track cycling. They took place in Frankfurt, West Germany from 29 August to 4 September 1966. Eleven events were contested, 9 for men (3 for professionals, 6 for amateurs) and 2 for women.

In the same period, the 1966 UCI Road World Championships were organized at the Nürburgring.
1977–78 Swiss 1. Liga
The 1977–78 1. Liga was the 46th season of this league since its creation in 1931. At this time, the 1. Liga was the third tier of the Swiss football league system and it was the highest level of amateur football.

FC Bern
Fussballclub Bern (FC Bern) is a football team from Bern, the capital city of Switzerland, who currently play in the Gruppe 1, in the Bern/Jura canton.

In 1921, the club won the Och Cup (that was considered as the former Swiss Cup). The Och Cup ran only for two years. In 1925, in a single game, FC Bern won the cup against the other winner of the Och Cup.