hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Finite-state transducer
A finite-state transducer (FST) is a finite-state machine with two memory tapes, following the terminology for Turing machines: an input tape and an output tape. This contrasts with an ordinary finite-state automaton, which has a single tape.  An FST is a type of finite-state automaton (FSA) that maps between two sets of symbols.  An FST is more general than an FSA.  An FSA defines a formal language by defining a set of accepted strings, while an FST defines a relation between sets of strings.

An FST will read a set of strings on the input tape and generate a set of relations on the output tape.  An FST can be thought of as a translator or relater between strings in a set.

In morphological parsing, an example would be inputting a string of letters into the FST, the FST would then output a string of morphemes.

Finitary relation
In mathematics, a finitary relation over a sequence of sets X1, ..., Xn is a subset of the Cartesian product X1 × ... × Xn; that is, it is a set of n-tuples (x1, ..., xn), each being a sequence of elements xi in the corresponding Xi. Typically, the relation describes a possible connection between the elements of an n-tuple. For example, the relation "x is divisible by y and z" consists of the set of triples such that when substituted to x, y and z, respectively, make the sentence true.

The non-negative integer n that gives the number of "places" in the relation is called the arity, adicity or degree of the relation. A relation with n "places" is variously called an n-ary relation, an n-adic relation or a relation of degree n. Relations with a finite number of places are called finitary relations (or simply relations if the context is clear). It is also possible to generalize the concept to infinitary relations with infinite sequences.
Hells Angels MC criminal allegations and incidents
Numerous police and international intelligence agencies classify the Hells Angels Motorcycle Club (HAMC) as a motorcycle gang and contend that members carry out widespread violent crimes, including drug dealing, trafficking in stolen goods, gunrunning, extortion, and human trafficking operations. Members of the organization have continuously asserted that they are only a group of motorcycle enthusiasts who have joined to ride motorcycles together, to organize social events such as group road trips, fundraisers, parties, and motorcycle rallies, and that any crimes are the responsibility of the individuals who carried them out and not the club as a whole. Members of the club have been accused of crimes and/or convicted in many host nations.

Motorcycle rally
A motorcycle rally is a gathering of motorcycle enthusiasts. Rallies can be large or small, and one-time or recurring. Some rallies are ride-in events, whereas some like the Iron Butt Rally involve days of riding and an actual gathering only at the end of the ride.
Maren Linett
Maren Tova Linett is a literary critic and Professor of English at Purdue University. Her research focuses on modernist literature and Jewish studies, disability studies, and bioethics, and her major works include Modernism, Feminism, and Jewishness (2007), Bodies of Modernism (2017), and Literary Bioethics (2020). She has also published work in academic journals such as the Journal of Modern Literature, Twentieth-Century Literature, Disability Studies Quarterly, Journal of Medical Humanities, Journal of Literary and Cultural Disability Studies, Modernism/modernity, and ELH.

Ohio State University Libraries
The Ohio State University Libraries are the collective academic libraries of the Ohio State University and its regional campuses. This system welcomes Ohio State faculty, students, visiting scholars and the general public to study and research. It includes ten libraries located on the Columbus campus, six libraries on the regional campus of the university and nine special collections. The Ohio State University Libraries offer educational resources and services to support readers to research, learn and teach. They can help researchers find and borrow physical and digital materials from articles, journals, databases, books, dissertations, theses, newspapers, streaming videos and images, etc. The Ohio State University Libraries hold over six million volumes in traditional library formats and more in electronic information resources.
Physicians Mutual
Physicians Mutual is a mutual insurance company headquartered in Omaha, Nebraska, United States. It consists of Physicians Mutual Insurance Company and Physicians Life Insurance Company.

Today the company offers a variety of insurance products, Medicare, Medigap, Medicare Supplement, Dental InsuranceTerm Life Insurance, Whole Life Insurance, and cancer  and funeral pre-planning services. In 2022, it began to offer Pet Insurance.

The company holds over US$4 billion in assets and employs over 1000 people, and has Rob Reed as its president and chief executive officer.

Mutual insurance
A mutual insurance company is an insurance company owned entirely by its policyholders. It is a form of consumers' co-operative. Any profits earned by a mutual insurance company are either retained within the company or rebated to policyholders in the form of dividend distributions or reduced future premiums. In contrast, a stock insurance company is owned by investors who have purchased company stock; any profits generated by a stock insurance company are distributed to the investors without necessarily benefiting the policyholders.
Quintus Fabius Vibulanus (consul 485 BC)
Quintus Fabius Vibulanus (died 480 BC) was an aristocrat of the Early Roman Republic. He was the first of three brothers to hold the consulate, in both 485 and 482 BC.

For a seven-year period from 485 to 478 BC, one of the two consuls was a member of the gens Fabia, a domination of the office Gary Forsythe describes as "unparalleled in the consular fasti of the Roman Republic." His brothers were Kaeso (consul in 484, 481, and 479 BC) and Marcus (consul in 483 and 480 BC).

During his first consulship, Quintus defeated the Volsci and Aequi in battle, but incurred the anger of the plebs by lodging the spoils of victory with the publicum.

In his second consulship there were further hostilities with each of the Volsci and Aequi.

According to Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Quintus was killed in battle fighting against the Etruscans.

Dionysius of Halicarnassus
Dionysius of Halicarnassus (Ancient Greek: Διονύσιος Ἀλεξάνδρου Ἁλικαρνασσεύς, 
Dionýsios Alexándrou Halikarnasseús, ''Dionysios (son of Alexandros) of Halikarnassos''; c.  60 BC – after 7 BC) was a Greek historian and teacher of rhetoric, who flourished during the reign of Emperor Augustus. His literary style was atticistic – imitating Classical Attic Greek in its prime.

He is known for his work Rhōmaikē Archaiologia (Roman Antiquities), which describes the history of Rome from its beginnings until the outbreak of the First Punic War in 264 BC. Out of twenty books, only the first nine have survived. Dionysius's opinion of the necessity of a promotion of paideia within education, from true knowledge of classical sources, endured for centuries in a form integral to the identity of the Greek elite.
J. Elmer Lehr
Joseph Elmer Lehr (December 26, 1868 - January 6, 1958) was an American lawyer and Republican politician.  He was a member of the Wisconsin State Senate, representing Outagamie and Shawano counties, from 1909 until his removal from office in 1912.  Lehr was disqualified after he moved his primary residence from the district he represented.

Shawano County, Wisconsin
Shawano County (/ˈʃɔːnoʊ/ ⓘ SHAW-noh; originally Shawanaw County) is a county located in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 40,881. Its county seat is Shawano.

Shawano County is included in the Shawano, WI Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Green Bay–Shawano, WI Combined Statistical Area.
Two Eyes
Two Eyes is the third studio album by the American singer/songwriter Brenda Russell, released in 1983 on Warner Bros. Records. 
The album got to No. 16 on the Blues & Soul Top British Soul Albums chart.

Blues & Soul
Blues & Soul is a British music magazine, established in 1967 by John Abbey.  The Independent has noted Blues & Soul as being the equal of magazines such as NME and Q. Billboard magazine has called Blues & Soul "a respected publication."

As of 2024, Blues & Soul has published some 1100 issues and is still based in Croydon, London. The publisher is Blues & Soul Limited. It  publishes five issues per year in both print and digital format, edited by Pete Lewis. The publisher has a growing online archive of back issues and images published by the magazine.
Fidel (2002 film)
Fidel, titled onscreen as ¡Fidel!, is a 2002 American biographical drama television film directed by David Attwood about the Cuban Revolution and political career of Fidel Castro, played by Víctor Huggo Martin. Gael García Bernal, Patricia Velásquez, Cecilia Suárez, Manuel Sevilla, and Maurice Compte also star. The screenplay by Stephen Tolkin is based on two biographies of Castro: Guerilla Prince: The Untold Story of Fidel Castro (1991) by Georgie Anne Geyer, and Fidel Castro (1993) by Robert E. Quirk. The film aired on Showtime in two parts, on January 27 and 28, 2002. The total duration of the film is 200 minutes, but the video version is shorter. García Bernal would reprise his role as Che Guevara in the 2004 feature film The Motorcycle Diaries.

Stephen Tolkin
Stephen Tolkin is an American television writer, director and composer.  He worked on a number of American television series including Brothers & Sisters, Perception, Legend of the Seeker and Switched at Birth. He has been nominated for an NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Directing in a Motion Picture (Television) for A Day Late and a Dollar Short.
Indian Creek (Miami Beach)
Indian Creek is a partly natural and partly man-made waterway in the city of Miami Beach, Florida, United States.  It starts as a man-made canal where Biscayne Bay meets Lincoln Road, and runs along Dade Boulevard, forming the boundary between South Beach and the rest of the city.  At 24th street the canal opens into the natural waterway and continues north through the city past Allison Island where it opens into Biscayne Bay, until 71st Street where it merges with Normandy and Tatum Waterways and is no longer called Indian Creek.
The barrier island touts only 40 waterfront property parcels arranged around an ultra private 18-hole golf course which is why it is referred to as the Billionaire Bunker. Southbound is named Indian Creek Drive wherever the road runs along the creek.

South Beach
South Beach, is a neighborhood in Miami Beach, Florida. It is located east of Miami between Biscayne Bay and the Atlantic Ocean. The area encompasses Miami Beach south of Dade Boulevard.

This area was the first section of Miami Beach to be developed, starting in the 1910s, due to the development efforts of Carl G. Fisher, the Lummus Brothers, and John S. Collins, the latter of whose construction of the Collins Bridge provided the first vital land link between mainland Miami and the beaches.

The area has gone through numerous artificial and natural changes over the years, including a booming regional economy, increased tourism, and the 1926 hurricane, which destroyed much of the area. As of 2010, 39,186 people lived in South Beach.
Super Inggo
Super Inggo is a Philippine television drama action superhero series broadcast by ABS-CBN. Directed by Gilbert G. Perez and Malu L. Sevilla, it stars Makisig Morales in the title role. It aired on the network's Primetime Bida line up from August 28, 2006 to February 9,  2007, replacing Sa Piling Mo and was replaced by Maria Flordeluna. The ranking number 2 in the nationwide Philippine Nielsen ratings.

On November 3, 2007, the show went on air again as a prelude installment, titled Super Inggo 1.5: Ang Bagong Bangis.

Tikbalang
The Tikbalang (/ˈtikbaˌlaŋ/) (also Tigbalang, Tigbalan, Tikbalan, Tigbolan, or Werehorse) is a creature of Philippine folklore said to lurk in the mountains and rainforests of the Philippines. It is a tall, bony humanoid (half-human and half-horse) creature with the head and hooves of a horse and disproportionately long limbs, to the point that its knees reach above its head when it squats down. In some versions, it is a transformation of an aborted fetus sent to earth from limbo.
The Hole Book
The Hole Book is a 1908 picture book by the artist Peter Newell. The story follows an accidentally-fired bullet as it travels through various scenes and objects in a town. The physical book features a literal, die-cut hole on each page, which is incorporated into the illustrations of havoc wreaked along bullet's path. The Hole Book is remembered as one of Newell's novelty picture book innovations, appearing decades before pop-up books became commonplace.

Pop-up book
A pop-up book is any book with three-dimensional pages, often with elements that pop up as a page is turned. The terminology serves as an umbrella term for movable book, pop-ups, tunnel books, transformations, volvelles, flaps, pull-tabs, pop-outs, pull-downs, and other features each performing in a different manner. Three-dimensional greeting cards use the same principles.
Design and creation of such books in arts is sometimes called "paper engineering". This usage should not be confused with traditional paper engineering, the engineering of systems to mass-produce paper products.
ONS (TV channel)
ONS (formerly NostalgieNet) is a Dutch commercial television channel owned by Bureauvijftig, which is dedicated to viewers aged 50 years or older. ONS's main target is the older audience. ONS airs footage from the forties to the eighties. Each month a specific theme is on the channel. Topics such as the Dutch East Indies, Netherlands Waterland, railroads, mills, work, food and household are broadcast. The channel launched as NostalgieNet on 1 January 2006 and changed its name into ONS on 13 September 2015. On 1 January 2020, Bureauvijftig took over ONS from Just Media Group. ONS is available in HD through Ziggo since 10 February 2022.

ONS can be received through Ziggo, KPN, Caiway, KBG, Canal Digitaal, CAI Harderwijk, Glashart Media and HSO in the Netherlands, and through TV Vlaanderen in Flanders.

TV Vlaanderen
TV Vlaanderen is a digital satellite television and terrestrial television service provider for the Flanders region and community in Belgium.

TV Vlaanderen's customers are mostly people living in Flanders. However, as TV Vlaanderen is officially available to the whole of Belgium, TV Vlaanderen also has many Flemish customers living in the French-speaking part of Belgium due to the unavailability of Dutch-language TV channels on cable television platforms in Wallonia.

Like the Dutch satellite television provider CanalDigitaal, TV Vlaanderen is owned by M7 Group (Canal+ Luxembourg S.a.r.l). M7 Group since September 2019 is part of French-based Groupe Canal+, which was a subsidiary of Vivendi until its spin-off in December 2024.
Briga Superiore
Briga Superiore is a frazione of the comune of Messina in the Province of Messina, Sicily, southern Italy. It stands at an elevation of 50 metres above sea level. At the time of the Istat census of 2001 it had 215 inhabitants.

The frazione suffered heavily in the mudslides which devastated the area in 2009.

Province of Messina
The province of Messina (Italian: provincia di Messina; Sicilian: pruvincia di Missina) was a province in the autonomous island region of Sicily, Italy. Its capital was the city of Messina. It was replaced by the Metropolitan City of Messina.
Burton, South Australia
Burton is a small residential suburb approximately 21 kilometres north of the CBD of Adelaide, South Australia. It is located five km north-west of Salisbury in the flat terrain of the Adelaide Plains. The suburb contains two wetland reserves, including Kaurna Park.

Kaurna
The Kaurna people (English: /ˈɡɑːrnə/, Kaurna: [ɡ̊auɳa]; also Coorna, Kaura, Gaurna and other variations) are a group of Aboriginal people whose traditional lands include the Adelaide Plains of South Australia. They were known as the Adelaide tribe by the early settlers. Kaurna culture and language were almost completely destroyed within a few decades of the British colonisation of South Australia in 1836. However, extensive documentation by early missionaries and other researchers has enabled a modern revival of both language and culture. The phrase Kaurna meyunna means "Kaurna people".
West Swan Road
West Swan Road is a road in the Swan Valley wine region in the northeastern suburbs of Perth, Western Australia. Starting in the centre of Guildford, it provides access to the wineries of the region and to The Vines golf resort.

It was gazetted in 1979 and was known as road numbers 4288 and 1116 in plans and maps.

Views along West Swan Road

Heading south from Benara Road

Crossing the Swan River into Guildford

Guildford, Western Australia
Guildford is a suburb of Perth, Western Australia, 12 km northeast of the city centre within the City of Swan. Guildford was founded in 1829 as one of the earliest settlements of the Swan River Colony. It is one of only three towns in the metropolitan area listed on the Register of the National Trust.
Cross-country skiing at the 1988 Winter Olympics – Men's 30 kilometre classical
The men's 30 kilometre classical cross-country skiing competition at the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary, Canada, was held on Monday 15 February at the Canmore Nordic Centre in Canmore.

The skiers started at 30-second intervals, then skiing the entire 30-kilometre course. The Swede Thomas Wassberg was the 1987 World champion and Nikolay Zimyatov of the Soviet Union was the defending Olympic champion from 1984 Olympics in Sarajevo, Yugoslavia.

Nikolay Zimyatov
Nikolay Semyonovich Zimyatov (Russian: Николай Семёнович Зимятов; born 28 June 1955), is a Soviet and Russian cross-country skier. He was the first man in the sport to win three gold medals at a single Winter Olympics, in the 30 km, 50 km and 4 × 10 km relay at the 1980 Lake Placid Games. In the 50 km race he finished two and half minutes ahead of the second place. He also won the 30 km event at the 1984 Winter Olympics in Sarajevo and was awarded Order of Friendship of Peoples that year.

At the world championships Zimyatov won only one medal, a silver over 30 km in 1978. Nationally he collected four Soviet titles: in the 30 km and 4 × 10 km relay in 1978, and in the 15 and 30 km in 1979. After retiring from competitions he had a long career as a cross-country skiing coach and prepared the Russian team for the 2002 Olympics. In 1980 he married a fellow international skier Lyubov Sykova.
Hymns (Michael W. Smith album)
Hymns is a studio album by Christian recording artist Michael W. Smith, released exclusively at Cracker Barrel Old Country Store on March 24, 2014. The album consists of Smith's rendition of traditional hymns, including many that he sang at church when he was young.

The album won 2014 Dove Award for "Inspirational Album of the Year".

This was Smith's last album to be distributed by Provident before beginning his new contract with Capitol CMG.

Capitol Christian Music Group
Capitol Christian Music Group (Capitol CMG) (formerly known as EMI Christian Music Group) is an American record label that, since 2013, is under the ownership of Universal Music Group. Based in Nashville, Tennessee, the label is in the Christian and gospel music industries.
Jawi (woreda)
Jawi  (Amharic: ጃዊ) is one of the woredas in the Amhara Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Agew Awi Zone, Jawi is bordered on the west by the Benishangul-Gumuz Region, on the north by Semien Gondar Zone, on the east by Mirab Gojjam Zone, and on the southeast by the Dangila. Jawi was part of Dangila and Alefa woredas.

Amhara Region
The Amhara Region (Amharic: አማራ ክልል, romanized: Åmara Kilil), officially the Amhara National Regional State (Amharic: የአማራ ብሔራዊ ክልላዊ መንግሥት, romanized: yeämara bıħérawi kılılawi mengıct), is a regional state in northern Ethiopia and the homeland of the Amhara, Awi, Argobba, and Qemant people. Its capital is Bahir Dar which is the seat of the Regional Government of Amhara. Amhara is the site of the largest inland body of water in Ethiopia, Lake Tana (which is the source of the Blue Nile), Grand Renaissance Dam and Semien Mountains National Park (which includes Ras Dashan, the highest point in Ethiopia). Amhara is bordered by Sudan to the west and northwest and by these regions of Ethiopia: Tigray to the north, Afar to the east, Benishangul-Gumuz to southwest, and Oromia to the south. Towns and cities in Amhara include: Dessie, Gonder, Debre Birhan, Debre Tabor, Kombolcha, Weldiya, Debre Markos, Seqota, Kobo, and Metema. The Regions name is said to mean “noble” or “highland”.
Roger Bocquet
Roger Bocquet (9 April 1921 – 10 March 1994) was a Swiss footballer during the 1940s and 1950s. He played as a half-back and was a participant at the 1950 FIFA World Cup and 1954 FIFA World Cup. He insisted on playing during the 1954 World Cup (and played all four matches) despite suffering from a brain tumour. He was later operated on and recovered.

Bocquet won 48 caps for Switzerland in total and scored 2 goals. He played his club football for the Lausanne Sports Club.

He died in March 1994.

1950 FIFA World Cup
The 1950 FIFA World Cup was the fourth edition of the FIFA World Cup, the quadrennial international football championship for senior men's national teams. It was held in Brazil from 24 June to 16 July 1950.

It was the first World Cup tournament in over twelve years, as the 1942 and 1946 World Cups were cancelled due to World War II. Italy, the two-time defending champions, were eliminated in the first round for the first time in history. Uruguay, who had won the inaugural competition in 1930, defeated the host nation, Brazil, in the deciding match of the four-team group of the final round, causing what is sometimes known as one of the biggest upsets in sports history, occasionally called the Maracanaço. This was the only tournament not decided by a one-match final. It was also the inaugural tournament where the trophy was referred to as the Jules Rimet Cup, to mark the 25th anniversary of Jules Rimet's presidency of FIFA.
Ivel Springs
Ivel Springs is a 15.4 hectare Local Nature Reserve in Baldock in Hertfordshire. It is owned and managed by North Hertfordshire District Council, assisted by the Friends of Baldock Green Spaces.

The site, which was a rubbish dump until the 1950s, has habitats including woodland, wetland and pasture. Its springs are the source of the River Ivel, and they have a wide variety of wildlife.
The Site was awarded Green Flag status in 2016, 2017 and 2018.

There is vehicle access to the site from North Road, and pedestrian access from Norton Road and Icknield Way (via a tunnel under the railway embankment.

Local nature reserve
Local nature reserve (LNR) is a statutory designation for certain nature reserves in Great Britain. The Wild Life Conservation Special Committee established them and proposed a national suite of protected areas comprising national nature reserves, conservation areas (which incorporated suggestions for Sites of Special Scientific Interest), national parks, geological monuments, local nature reserves and local educational nature reserves.

There are now over 1,280 LNRs in England, covering almost 40,000 hectares, which range from windswept coastal headlands and ancient woodlands to former inner city railways and long abandoned landfill sites.