hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cathode
A cathode is the electrode from which a conventional current leaves a polarized electrical device such as a lead–acid battery. This definition can be recalled by using the mnemonic CCD for Cathode Current Departs. Conventional current describes the direction in which positive charges move. Electrons, which are the carriers of current in most electrical systems, have a negative electrical charge, so the movement of electrons is opposite to that of the conventional current flow: this means that electrons flow into the device's cathode from the external circuit. For example, the end of a household battery marked with a + (plus) is the cathode.

The electrode through which conventional current flows the other way, into the device, is termed an anode.

Image intensifier
An image intensifier or image intensifier tube is a vacuum tube device for increasing the intensity of available light in an optical system to allow use under low-light conditions, such as at night, to facilitate visual imaging of low-light processes, such as fluorescence of materials in X-rays or gamma rays (X-ray image intensifier), or for conversion of non-visible light sources, such as near-infrared or short wave infrared to visible. They operate by converting photons of light into electrons, amplifying the electrons (usually with a microchannel plate), and then converting the amplified electrons back into photons for viewing. They are used in devices such as night-vision goggles.
Stenoponia americana
Stenoponia americana is a species of large flea in the family Hystrichopsyllidae. It is widespread in North America east of the Great Plains and is found mainly on rodents, notably deermice (Peromyscus) and voles (Microtus). In Missouri, it has been recorded on the fox squirrel (Sciurus niger), brush mouse (Peromyscus boylii), cotton mouse (Peromyscus gossypinus), prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster; nest only), woodland vole (Microtus pinetorum), and white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus). Hosts recorded in Tennessee include the northern short-tailed shrew (Blarina brevicauda), woodland vole, white-footed mouse, hispid cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus), marsh rice rat (Oryzomys palustris), and house mouse (Mus musculus). In South Carolina, recorded hosts include the cotton mouse, hispid cotton rat, and marsh rice rat.

Northern short-tailed shrew
The northern short-tailed shrew (Blarina brevicauda) is the largest shrew in the genus Blarina, and occurs in the northeastern region of North America. It is a semifossorial, highly active, and voracious insectivore and is present in a variety of habitats like broadleaved and pine forests among shrubs and hedges as well as grassy river banks. It is notable in that it is one of the few venomous mammals. The specific epithet, brevicauda, is a combination of the Latin brevis and cauda, meaning "short tail".
Chydenia
The Chydenia Shopping Center Finnish: Kauppakeskus Chydenia) is a shopping mall located in the town center of Kokkola in Central Ostrobothnia, Finland. The first part of the center was completed in 2006, the third in 2009. The shopping center is located partly on the Tehtaankatu, Rantakatu and Rautatienkatu streets, about 100 meters north of Kokkola railway station. The name of the shopping center refers to Anders Chydenius (1729–1803), who mainly influenced in Kokkola.

The first part of Chydenia has three floors, the second part two and the third six, two of which are in business use. There are almost 300 parking spaces in the shopping center. Parking is free in parking lots when using the parking disc. About 2 million people visit Chydenia every year.

Several stores in Chydenia include Suomalainen Kirjakauppa, H&M, Dressmann, Specsavers, Subway, Hesburger and Espresso House.

Suomalainen Kirjakauppa
Suomalainen Kirjakauppa Oy (meaning 'Finnish bookshop') is the largest bookshop chain in Finland, with its flagship branch in Helsinki being Finland's largest bookshop.  It was founded in 1912 and expanded to become Finland's largest bookshop chain in the 1990s. In May 2017 it consists of 55 shops selling books, office supplies and art materials. It is owned by Otava Group.
CD38-IN-78c
CD38-IN-78c is a drug which acts as a potent and selective inhibitor of the glycoprotein enzyme CD38. In animal studies it boosts levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) in tissues via inhibition of CD38 mediated breakdown of nicotinamide riboside (NR) and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), and has been shown to ameliorate metabolic dysfunction associated with the aging process. It also has potential therapeutic application in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

Nicotinamide riboside
Nicotinamide riboside (NR, SR647) is a pyridine-nucleoside and a form of vitamin B3. It functions as a precursor to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, or NAD+,
through a two-step and a three-step pathway.
Rentina Gorge
The Rentina Gorge (Greek: Στενά της Ρεντίνας) or Macedonian Tempe (Greek: Μακεδονικά Τέμπη) is a gorge in Rentina, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece, named after Tempe (mod. pronunciation: "Tembi"), the long strip of gorges, hills and rivers in Thessaly.

The Rentina Gorge, located between Mount Cholomon and the Kerdylia mountains, lies just outside the major city of Thessaloniki and is a popular tourist spot during autumn, when the leaves change colour, and summer, when many people picnic there.

40°39′22″N 23°36′18″E﻿ / ﻿40.656°N 23.605°E﻿ / 40.656; 23.605

Summer
Summer or summertime is the hottest and brightest of the four temperate seasons, occurring after spring and before autumn. At or centred on the summer solstice, daylight hours are the longest and darkness hours are the shortest, with day length decreasing as the season progresses after the solstice. The earliest sunrises and latest sunsets also occur near the date of the solstice. The date of the beginning of summer varies according to definition, climate, tradition, and culture. When it is summer in the Northern Hemisphere, it is winter in the Southern Hemisphere, and vice versa.
Knaben
Knaben is an old mining village in the northern part of Kvinesdal municipality in Agder county, Norway. Currently, the mine is no longer in use, but the area has become a popular ski resort. The village lies at an elevation of 630 metres (2,070 ft) above sea level, about 50 kilometres (31 mi) north of Liknes and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) east of Tonstad in Sirdal municipality. The molybdenum mines were operated here from 1885 to 1973. Constructions and buildings are still mostly standing. The homes where the workers once lived are now hotels.

Sirdal
Sirdal is a municipality in Agder county, Norway. It is located in the northwestern part of the traditional district of Lister. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Tonstad. Other villages in Sirdal include Bjørnestad, Haughom, Kvæven, Lunde, and Tjørhom.

The 1,554-square-kilometre (600 sq mi) municipality is the 52nd largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Sirdal is the 290th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 1,837. The municipality's population density is 1.3 inhabitants per square kilometre (3.4/sq mi) and its population has inmcreased by 0.3% over the previous 10-year period.
Portland and Western Railroad
The Portland and Western Railroad (reporting mark PNWR) is a 478-mile (769 km) Class II railroad serving the U.S. state of Oregon, and is a wholly owned subsidiary of shortline and regional railroad holding company Genesee & Wyoming Inc. The PNWR includes a subsidiary, the Willamette and Pacific Railroad (reporting mark WPRR).

PNWR's tracks lie entirely within Oregon, extending from Astoria to Portland along the Columbia River, from Portland to Eugene through the Willamette Valley, and along several spurs through the Northern Oregon Coast Range.

Burlington Northern Railroad
The Burlington Northern Railroad (reporting mark BN) was an American–based class 1 railroad company formed from a merger of four major U.S. railroads. Burlington Northern operated between March 2, 1970 and December 31, 1996.

Its historical lineage begins in the earliest days of railroading with the chartering in 1848 of the Chicago and Aurora Railroad, a direct ancestor line of the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad, which lends Burlington, from Burlington, Iowa, to the names of various merger-produced successors.

Burlington Northern acquired the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway on December 31, 1996, to form the Burlington Northern and Santa Fe Railway (later renamed BNSF Railway), which was owned by the Burlington Northern Santa Fe Corporation. That corporation was purchased in 2009 by Berkshire Hathaway, which is controlled by investor Warren Buffett.
2009 Bolesław Chrobry Tournament
The 2nd Tournament for Bolesław Chrobry Crown - First King of Poland was the 2009 version of the Bolesław Chrobry Tournament. It took place on 23 May in the Start Gniezno Stadium in Gniezno, Poland. The draw was made on 15 May in the Gniezno' Old Square. The Tournament was won by Greg Hancock who beat Adrian Miedziński and Rune Holta. The top Gniezno' rider Krzysztof Słaboń was eighth.

Gniezno
Gniezno is a city in central-western Poland, about 50 kilometres (31 miles) east of Poznań. Its population in 2021 was 66,769, making it the sixth-largest city in the Greater Poland Voivodeship. The city is the administrative seat of Gniezno County (powiat).

One of the Piast dynasty's chief cities, it was the first historical capital of Poland in the 10th century and early 11th century, and afterwards remained one of the main cities of the historic region of Greater Poland. Gniezno is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Gniezno, the country's oldest archdiocese, founded in 1000, and its archbishop is the primate of Poland, making the city the country's ecclesiastical capital. The Gniezno Cathedral is one of the most historically important churches in Poland, and as such is a designated Historic Monument of Poland. Other sights include the Old Town and the Museum of the Origins of the Polish State.
Kamen Rider Heisei Generations Forever
Kamen Rider Heisei Generations Forever (仮面ライダー平成ジェネレーションズ FOREVER, Kamen Raidā Heisei Jenerēshonzu Fōebā) is a 2018 Japanese superhero  film in the Movie War line of the Kamen Rider Series. It serves as a crossover between the television series Kamen Rider Zi-O and Kamen Rider Build and is the third film of the Generations series. Aside the casts of Zi-O and Build, the casts of Kamen Rider Den-O and Kamen Rider W also participate, as well as some lead actors from other Kamen Rider Series performing voice-only cameos. The film was released nationally in Japan on December 22, 2018. This is the last Heisei-era Kamen Rider movie, released four months before the 2019 Japanese imperial transition.

2019 Japanese imperial transition
The 2019 Japanese imperial transition occurred on 30 April 2019 when the then 85-year-old Emperor Akihito of Japan abdicated from the Chrysanthemum Throne after reigning for 30 years, becoming the first Emperor of Japan to do so since Emperor Kōkaku in 1817. This marked the end of the Heisei era and the inception of the Reiwa era, and saw numerous festivities leading up to the accession of his eldest son and successor, Emperor Naruhito. The Enthronement Ceremony took place on 22 October 2019. Akihito's younger son, Prince Akishino, is his brother's heir presumptive. The ceremony cost 16.6 billion yen.
Battle of Inō
The Battle of Inō took place during the Sengoku period (16th century) of Japan. 
The battle was fought in Owari Province, in what is now Nishi-ku, Nagoya, between two forces of the Oda clan: the head of the clan Oda Nobunaga and his brother Oda Nobuyuki, who with the support of Oda Nobuyasu, Shibata Katsuie and Hayashi Hidesada, rebelled against Nobunaga.

The three conspirators were defeated at the Battle of Inō, but they were pardoned after the intervention of Tsuchida Gozen, the birth mother of both Nobunaga and Nobuyuki.

Nobuyuki began his second rebellion in 1557, but was defeated and his Suemori Castle was destroyed by Nobunaga's retainer Ikeda Nobuteru.

In 1558, however, Nobuyuki again planned to rebel. When Nobunaga was informed of this by Shibata Katsuie, he faked illness to get close to Nobuyuki and assassinated him in Kiyosu Castle.

Dota Gozen
Dota Gozen (土田 御前, d. 26 February 1594), also known as Tsuchida Gozen, was a Japanese noblewoman and the mother of Oda Nobunaga, a major daimyō and politician of the Sengoku period regarded as the first "Great Unifier" of Japan.
Kion Benjamin
Kion Benjamin (born 13 November 2000) is a Trinidad and Tobago athlete. He competed in the men's 4 × 100 metres relay event at the 2020 Summer Olympics. He won the 100 m bronze medal in the 2021 NACAC U23 Championships.

2021 NACAC U18 U20 and U23 Championships in Athletics
The 2021 NACAC U23 Championships in Athletics was the 11th edition of the biennial NACAC U23 athletics championships. They were held in San José, Costa Rica from 9 July to 11 July. For the first time an U20 competition was held next to the U23 and U18 categories.
2011 Brasil Open
The 2011 Brasil Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 11th edition of the event known as the Brasil Open, and was part of the ATP World Tour 250 series of the 2011 ATP World Tour. It took place in Costa do Sauípe, Brazil, from 7 February through 13 February 2011.

ATP 250 tournaments
The ATP 250 tournaments are the lowest tier of annual men's tennis tournaments on the main ATP Tour, after the four Grand Slam tournaments, ATP Finals, ATP Masters 1000 tournaments, and ATP 500 tournaments. The winners of each tournament are awarded 250 ranking points—which accounts for the name of the series.

As of 2026, the series included 30 tournaments after the retirement of four tournaments (Atlanta, Córdoba, Lyon and Metz), the downgrade of two in 2025 (Estoril for a year, and Newport) and the upgrade of three tournaments to the 500 level (Dallas, Doha and Munich). Draws usually consist of 28 for singles, with Brisbane International (32) and Winston-Salem Open (48) being the only exceptions. Doubles draws consist of 16 teams.

Thomas Muster holds the record for most singles titles at 26, while Mike Bryan holds the record for most doubles titles won with 46.
St. Mary's Academy of Carmen
St. Mary's Academy of Carmen,Catholic co-educational basic education institution owned and managed by the Congregation of the Religious of the Virgin Mary (RVM) in Cagayan de Oro, Misamis Oriental, Philippines.

Misamis Oriental
Misamis Oriental (Cebuano: Sidlakang Misamis; Maranao: Sebangan Misamis; Filipino: Silangang Misamis), officially the Province of Misamis Oriental, is a province located in the region of Northern Mindanao in the Philippines. Its capital and largest city is Cagayan de Oro, the regional center of Northern Mindanao, which is geographically grouped but governed independently from the province.
Wickelphone
A Wickelphone is a sequence of three letters or symbols, which occur together in a word. For example, the word strip may be decomposed into a set of trigrams such as rip and str — these are Wickelphones. The term was devised by James McClelland and David Rumelhart in reference to the work of Wayne Wickelgren in 1969. Rumelhart and McClelland then extended the idea by expressing the triples in phonetic terms as Wickelfeatures. For example, the Wickelphone tri would correspond to a Wickelfeature of "stop, lateral, vowel".

James McClelland (psychologist)
James Lloyd "Jay" McClelland, FBA (born December 1, 1948) is the Lucie Stern Professor at Stanford University, where he was formerly the chair of the Psychology Department.  He is best known for his work on statistical learning and Parallel Distributed Processing, applying connectionist models (or neural networks) to explain cognitive phenomena such as spoken word recognition and visual word recognition. McClelland is to a large extent responsible for the large increase in scientific interest in connectionism in the 1980s.
Screaming Life
Screaming Life is the debut EP by American rock band Soundgarden, released in 1987 by Sub Pop. It was later combined with the band's next EP, Fopp (1988), and released as the Screaming Life/Fopp compilation album in 1990.

Charles Peterson (photographer)
Charles Peterson (born 1964 in Longview, Washington) is an American photographer well known for his work with the Seattle independent record label Sub Pop and for capturing the then-newly emerging grunge scene in images. His photos are presented in the movie Kurt Cobain: About a Son.

Peterson is known for depicting the rise of the Pacific Northwest underground music scene in the late 1980s to early 1990s. Visually, he is known for his trademark full-frame, non-cropped images. Reviews about his work include the following, "Peterson is known for his action-packed, sometimes partially blurred black-and-white shots taken with a wide-angle lens.

Peterson said, "The Seattle audiences were entertaining. I didn't want to just get a head shot of the lead singer. I wanted to get the experience, make you actually feel like you're there. ... I like the composition part of shooting. The way my eyes and brain work together -- I'm constantly composing with or without a camera."
Mary Louise Day
Mary Louise Day (February 19, 1968–2017) was an American teenager who, at age 13 in 1981, mysteriously disappeared from her home in Seaside, California. She was found alive in 2003, a little more than twenty-two years after her disappearance.

Seaside, California
Seaside, formerly East Monterey, is a city in Monterey County, California, United States, with a population of 32,366 as of the 2020 census. It is located 2.25 miles (3.6 km) east-northeast of Monterey, at an elevation of 33 feet (10 m), and is the home of California State University, Monterey Bay (CSUMB), UC MBEST Center, and the Monterey College of Law, which are located on the site of the former military base Fort Ord. Also on the site are the Bayonet and Black Horse golf courses, now open to the public and host to PGA Tour events, including the 2012 PGA Professional National Championship. Seaside is the gateway to Fort Ord National Monument, created on April 20, 2012.
Mojave County, California
Mojave County was a proposal in 1988 that would have split the northern and eastern 90% of San Bernardino County, currently the largest county in area in the contiguous United States, from the more urbanized southwestern 10%.

Proponents of the measure argued that their region was far too removed from the county seat at San Bernardino and that they were distinct in many ways from the Inland Empire. Areas included in the proposed county would have included the cities of Victorville, Barstow, Big Bear, Yucca Valley, Twentynine Palms and the isolated community of Needles along the Colorado River, a community closer to Las Vegas than to its county seat.

The proposal would have left the remainder of San Bernardino County confined to the area of the lower southwestern, more populous part of the county.

The measure was ultimately defeated.

Twentynine Palms, California
Twentynine Palms (also known as 29 Palms) is a city in San Bernardino County, California. As of the 2020 census, Twentynine Palms had a population of 28,065. It serves as one of the entry points to Joshua Tree National Park and the Mojave Desert region.
Beauséjour (electoral district)
Beauséjour (known from 1997 to 2004 as Beauséjour—Petitcodiac, [boseʒuʁ
pətitkɔdjak]) is a federal electoral district (riding) in southeastern New Brunswick, Canada, which has been represented in the House of Commons since 1988. It replaced Westmorland—Kent, which was represented from 1968 to 1988.

Beauséjour is largely Acadian and Francophone, with a significant Anglophone section in the southern section of the riding.

The riding consists of most of Westmorland County to the east and north of Moncton, and a large portion of Kent County. Major towns in the riding include Shediac, Cap-Pelé, Sackville, Bouctouche, Richibucto and the southern and eastern portions of Dieppe. The neighbouring ridings are Miramichi—Grand Lake, Fundy Royal, Moncton—Riverview—Dieppe, and Cumberland—Colchester in Nova Scotia; it is connected to the riding of Malpeque on Prince Edward Island by the Confederation Bridge.

Since 2000, its member of Parliament (MP) has been Dominic LeBlanc of the Liberal Party.

Westmorland County, New Brunswick
Westmorland County (2021 population: 163,576) is a county in New Brunswick, a province of Canada. It is in the south-eastern part of the province. It contains the fast-growing commercial centre of Moncton and its northern and eastern suburbs. Also located in the county are the university town of Sackville and the local tourist destination of Shediac.

Westmorland County is centrally located in the Maritimes and is New Brunswick's most populous county. Fishing and tourism are important industries along the Northumberland Strait shore, and there is some mixed farming in the Petitcodiac River Valley and in the Tantramar Marsh region. The city of Moncton accounts for half of the county's population and has developed as a major transportation, distribution, commercial and retail centre. Dorchester is the historic shire town.
Casagrande
Casagrande is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alan Casagrande de Moura (born 1987), Brazilian footballer

Arthur Casagrande (1902–1981), Austrian-American civil engineer

Caroline Casagrande (born 1976), American politician

Dominique Casagrande (born 1971), French footballer

Eloy Casagrande (born 1991), Brazilian drummer

Francesco Casagrande (born 1970), Italian road racing cyclist

Jaime Casagrande (died 2013), Brazilian footballer

Joseph B. Casagrande (1915–1982), American anthropologist

June Casagrande (born 1966), American writer on grammar and usage

Marco Casagrande (born 1971), Finnish architect

Maurizio Casagrande (born 1961), Italian actor and director

Walter Casagrande (born 1963), Brazilian footballer

June Casagrande
June Casagrande (born 1966) is an American writer who specializes in English grammar and language usage. She writes a syndicated column on language called "A Word Please", and is the author of five books; her 2018 The Joy of Syntax was described as "a succinct and mercifully lucid summing-up of the basics" of grammar by copy editor John McIntyre.
Ray Oldenburg
Ray Oldenburg (April 7, 1932 – November 21, 2022) was an American urban sociologist who is known for writing about the importance of informal public gathering places for a functioning civil society, democracy, and civic engagement. He coined the term "third place" and is the author of The Great Good Place (which was a New York Times Book Review Editor's Choice for 1989) and the 2001 Celebrating The Third Place. With his coauthor Karen Christensen, to whom he left the task of completing a sequel, he continued to argue that third places are the answer to loneliness, political polarization, and climate resilience. The original The Great Good Place was republished in print in 2023 and audio in 2025.

Civil society
Civil society can be understood as the "third sector" of society, distinct from government and business, and including the family and the private sphere. By other authors, civil society is used in the sense of
(1) the aggregate of non-governmental organizations and institutions that advance the interests and will of citizens or
(2) individuals and organizations in a society which are independent of the government.

Sometimes the term civil society is used in the more general sense of "the elements such as freedom of speech, an independent judiciary, etc., that make up a democratic society" (Collins English Dictionary). Especially in the discussions among thinkers of Eastern and Central Europe, civil society is seen also as a normative concept of civic values.