hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
History of Toledo, Spain
Toledo is the repository of more than 2000 years of history. Successively a Roman municipium, the capital of the Visigothic Kingdom, a major city in Al-Andalus and the Kingdom of Castile. Its many works of art and architecture are the product of three major religions – Judaism, Christianity and Islam.

Parias
In medieval Spain, parias (from medieval Latin pariāre, "to make equal [an account]", i.e. pay) were a form of tribute paid by the taifas of al-Andalus to the Christian kingdoms of the north. Parias dominated relations between the Islamic and the Christian states in the years following the disintegration of the Caliphate of Córdoba (1031) until the reunification of Islamic Spain under the Almoravid dynasty (beginning in 1086). The parias were a form of protection money established by treaty. The payee owed the tributary military protection against foes both Islamic and Christian. Usually the original exaction was forced, either by a large razzia or the threat of one, or as the cost of supporting one Islamic party against another. (The word "taifa" means "party [kingdom]" and refers to the prevalence of factionalism in Islamic Spain during the taifas era.)
Abigail Romanchak
Abigail Romanchak is a Maui-based Native Hawaiian printmaker, whose work is collected internationally. Romanchak earned a bachelor's and master's of fine arts in printmaking from University of Hawaii at Manoa. She has held teaching positions at The Contemporary Museum, the Honolulu Museum of Art and Punahou School on Oahu, as well as at Maui Arts & Cultural Center and Hui No’eau Visual Arts Center on Maui. Romanchak's work has been exhibited in the National Gallery of Australia, the University of New South Wales, the State Foundation on Culture and the Arts Hawaii, the White House, the Smithsonian Institution, the National Museum of Australia, Hawaii State Art Museum, and the Nature Conservancy of Hawaii.

National Gallery of Australia
The National Gallery of Australia (NGA), formerly the Australian National Gallery, is the national art museum of Australia as well as one of the largest art museums in Australia, holding more than 166,000 works of art. Located in Canberra in the Australian Capital Territory, it was established in 1967 by the Australian Government as a national public art museum. As of 2022 it is under the directorship of Nick Mitzevich.
Sergiy Bychkov
Sergiy Anatoliyovych Bychkov (Ukrainian: Сергій Анатолійович Бичков) (born July 21, 1961), is a Ukrainian politician, civil engineer and lawyer. He is a leader of the “Strong Ukraine” all-Ukrainian non-governmental organization.

In March 2022, after the start of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Ukraine ordered the detainment of three former top managers of Antonov State Enterprise, including Bychkov. They were charged with "obstructing the lawful activities of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other military formations in protecting and defending the airport".

Strong Ukraine
Strong Ukraine (Ukrainian: Сильна Україна, romanized: Sylna Ukraina); formerly the Labour Party Ukraine, is a political party in Ukraine that was re-established in April 2014. It was originally registered in August 1999 and dissolved in March 2012 after it had merged with the Party of Regions on 17 March 2012. Since late 2009 the party was and is the main vehicle of billionaire Serhiy Tihipko. After the parties merger Tihipko became a member of the Party of Regions. On 7 April 2014 the political council of this party expelled Tihipko from the Party of Regions.

The party claimed to have over 80,000 members in mid-May 2010.

In the 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election the party won one constituency parliamentary seat.
Joachim Luetke
Joachim Luetke (born 1957) is a German cross-media artist. He is mostly known for his artwork for bands such as Arch Enemy, Dimmu Borgir, Kreator, Marilyn Manson, Meshuggah, Sopor Aeternus and The Ensemble of Shadows and Rage. His art has also been published in book form and compared to that of H. R. Giger.

Dimmu Borgir
Dimmu Borgir (/ˈdɪmuː ˈbɔːrɡɪər/) is a Norwegian symphonic black metal band from Jessheim, formed in 1993. The name is derived from Dimmuborgir, a volcanic formation in Iceland, the name of which means "dark cities" or "dark castles/fortresses" in Icelandic, Faroese and Old Norse. The band has been through numerous lineup changes over the years; vocalist Shagrath and guitarist Silenoz are the only original members who still remain.
Mutum River (Amazonas)
The Mutum River is a river of Amazonas state in north-western Brazil. It is a tributary of the Jutaí River.

The 2,450,380 hectares (6,055,000 acres) Cujubim Sustainable Development Reserve, established in 2003, lies on either side of the river in the municipality of Jutaí.
It is the largest conservation unit in Amazonas and the largest sustainable development reserve in the world.

Jutaí
Jutaí is a municipality located in the Brazilian state of Amazonas. Its population is 13,886 (2020) and its area is 69,552 km2, making it the fifth largest municipality in Amazonas by area and the ninth largest in Brazil.
Larimer, Pennsylvania
Larimer is an unincorporated community in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, United States. The community is located along Pennsylvania Route 993, 2 miles (3.2 km) northwest of Irwin. Larimer has a post office, with ZIP code 15647, which opened on August 16, 1852.

Irwin, Pennsylvania
Irwin is a borough in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 3,902 at the 2020 census. Located 22 miles (35 km) southeast of Pittsburgh, some of the most extensive bituminous coal deposits in the commonwealth are located in Irwin. In the past, iron foundries, flour mills, car shops, facing and planing mills, electrical goods and mirror factories were based in the borough.
Linden Fraser
Linden Aggrey Kaunda Fraser (born 4 September 1964) is a former Guyanese cricketer. He played in four first-class matches for Guyana from 1983 to 1990.

Fraser later moved to the United States where he coached women's and junior teams at high level, including coaching the United States women's national cricket team in 2011. However, he came into conflict with the leadership of the United States of America Cricket Association (USACA) on a number of occasions.

United States of America Cricket Association
The United States of America Cricket Association (USACA), headquartered in Miami Beach, was the national governing body for all cricket in the United States, until it was replaced by USA Cricket in 2019. The board was formed in 1961.

USACA was an Associate Member of the International Cricket Council until June 23, 2017, when it was expelled following an ICC Board recommendation in April and a Dispute Resolution Committee hearing before the Honourable Michael Beloff QC.
Cape Gotley
Cape Gotley (66°42′S 57°19′E﻿ / ﻿66.700°S 57.317°E﻿ / -66.700; 57.317) is a cape forming the eastern extremity of Austnes Peninsula at the north side of the entrance to Edward VIII Bay, Antarctica. It was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from aerial photos taken by the Lars Christensen Expedition, 1936–37, and called "Austnestangen" (the east cape tongue), a name derived from that of the peninsula. The area was remapped by Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions (ANARE) and in 1958 the cape renamed by the Antarctic Names Committee of Australia for A.V. Gotley, officer in charge of the ANARE party on Heard Island in 1948.

Edward VIII Bay
Edward VIII Bay is a bay about 32 kilometres (20 mi) in extent, located between Edward VIII Plateau (a dome-shaped, ice-covered peninsula near Magnet Bay) and the Øygarden Group of islands in Antarctica. The head of the bay is occupied by the Edward VIII Ice Shelf. The bay was discovered in 1936 by Discovery Investigations personnel on the RRS William Scoresby, and named for Edward VIII, then King of the United Kingdom.

Kvarsnes Foreland is a prominent, rocky foreland projecting into the south side of Edward VIII Bay close west of the Øygarden Group. Kvarsnes Bay is a small bay at the southwest side of Kvarsnes Foreland, and is named in association with it. Rund Bay ("Round Bay") is a small bay indenting the south shore of Edward VIII Bay immediately east of Kvarsnes Foreland. These features were mapped and named by Norwegian cartographers from aerial photographs taken by the Lars Christensen Expedition, 1936–37.
Susan Cox (diplomat)
Susan Cox OAM is an Australian diplomat and is a career officer with the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. She has served in several ambassadorial positions, including as Australian Ambassador to the Federated States of Micronesia from 2007 to 2011 and Australian Ambassador to Croatia from 2012 to 2017.

Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (Australia)
The Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT) is the department of the Australian government responsible for foreign policy and international relations, development aid (under the name Australian Aid), consular services, overseas trade, and investment (including trade and investment promotion Austrade). Australia's total official development assistance (ODA) (US$3 billion) decreased in 2022 due to differences in Australia's financial year reporting and the timing of its COVID-19-related expenditure, representing 0.19% of gross national income (GNI).

The head of the department is its secretary, presently Jan Adams. She reports to Penny Wong, who has held the position of Minister for Foreign Affairs since 2022.
Basil D'Oliveira
Basil Lewis D'Oliveira CBE OIS (4 October 1931 – 19 November 2011) was an England international cricketer of South African Cape Coloured background, whose potential selection by England for the scheduled 1968–69 tour of apartheid-era South Africa caused the D'Oliveira affair.

Nicknamed "Dolly", D'Oliveira played county cricket for Worcestershire from 1964 to 1980, and appeared for England in 44 Test matches and four One Day Internationals between 1966 and 1972.

Pat Murphy (sports journalist)
Patrick "Pat" Murphy, is a British sports writer and radio broadcaster.

A former writer for the Birmingham Post, Murphy is referred to in a book he co-wrote as having "reported on cricket and football for BBC Radio Sport for the past 25 years". He has covered twelve England cricket tours. He has written over 40 books and has collaborated with, among others, Imran Khan, Wasim Akram, Allan Donald, Viv Richards and Graham Gooch. He has also written acclaimed biographies of Brian Clough and Ian Botham. He lives in Worcestershire and plays village cricket "to a stunningly mediocre standard."
1999 Copa del Rey final
The 1999 Copa del Rey final was the 97th final of the Spanish cup competition, the Copa del Rey. The final was played at Estadio Olímpico de Sevilla in Seville on 26 June 1999. Valencia won the cup for the sixth time by beating Atlético Madrid 3–0.

Estadio de La Cartuja
Estadio La Cartuja (Spanish pronunciation: [esˈta.ðjo la kaɾˈtu.xa]), formerly Estadio Olímpico de Sevilla, officially known as Estadio La Cartuja de Sevilla, is a stadium situated in the Isla de la Cartuja in Seville, Spain. It is used mostly for football and it is commonly referred to as simply 'La Cartuja'. It was completed in 1999 for the World Championships in Athletics and expanded in 2025. With a capacity of 70,000 seats, La Cartuja is the 4th-largest stadium in Spain and the largest in Andalusia. It was the venue for the 2003 UEFA Cup final between Celtic and Porto.

The stadium is currently the temporary home of Sevilla-based club Real Betis during the renovation of their own stadium, Estadio Benito Villamarín.
Gregorio (footballer)
Gregorio Manuel Salvador Elá (born 9 September 1981), also known as Gregorio, is an Equatoguinean retired footballer who played as a defender. He was a member of Equatorial Guinea national team. He also holds Spanish citizenship.

Equatorial Guinea national football team
The Equatorial Guinea national football team (Spanish: Selección de fútbol de Guinea Ecuatorial) represents Equatorial Guinea in men's international football and is controlled by the Equatoguinean Football Federation, a member of the Confederation of African Football (CAF).

The team has never qualified for the FIFA World Cup, but has qualified for the Africa Cup of Nations on five occasions, the first two times as hosts (in 2012 and 2015). They finished in fourth place in 2015, and reached the quarter-finals in 2012 and 2021.
Don Nguyen
Don "Nuge" Nguyen is an American professional skateboarder from Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, currently residing in California. He rides for Baker Skateboards and played Shogo Kubo in the 2005  biographical drama film Lords of Dogtown. He also played bass for American Ruse and can be seen playing bass as part of the LSDemons (along with Justin (Figgy) Figueroa and Thomas Bonilla).

He is widely recognized as the first person to ollie down the legendary "El Toro" 20 stair-set, one of the most infamous skate spots in the world, considered a proving ground for athletes of the sport.

Ollie (skateboarding)
The ollie is a skateboarding trick where the rider and board leap into the air without the use of the rider's hands. It is the combination of stomping (also known as popping) the tail of the skateboard off the ground to get the board mostly vertical, jumping, and sliding the front foot forward to level out the skateboard at the peak of the jump.

The ollie is a fundamental skill in skateboarding. Ollies are necessary to leap onto, over, or off of obstacles. As most flip tricks depend on it, the ollie is often the first skill to be learned by a new skateboarder and typically takes considerable practice to master.
Pat Finucane Centre
The Pat Finucane Centre (PFC) is a human rights advocacy and lobbying entity in Northern Ireland.  Named in honour of murdered solicitor Pat Finucane, it operates advice centres in Derry and Newry, dealing mainly with complaints from Irish nationalists and republicans. The PFC promotes a nonviolent ethos, believing that the Northern Irish conflict arose mainly due to the government's failure to uphold Article 7 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights:

all are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to equal protection of the law

The PFC also states that the criminal justice system is not conducive to justice regarding crimes during the Northern Irish conflict, and, following a relative's request, one of the core activities of the PFC is to research and document individual cases of death during the conflict.

Newry
Newry (/ˈnjʊəri/; from Irish An Iúraigh) is a city in Northern Ireland, standing on the Clanrye River in counties Down and Armagh. It is near the border with the Republic of Ireland, on the main route between Belfast (34 miles/55 km away) and Dublin (67 miles/108 km away). The population was 27,913 in 2021.

Newry was founded in 1144 as a settlement around a Cistercian abbey. In the 16th century the English dissolved the abbey and built Bagenal's Castle on the site. Newry grew as a market town and a garrison, and became a port in 1742 when the Newry Canal was opened, the first summit-level canal in Ireland. A cathedral city, it is the episcopal seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Dromore. In 2002, as part of the Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II, Newry was granted city status along with Lisburn.
Temko
Temko is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Allan Temko (1924–2006), American architectural critic and writer

Florence Temko (1921–2009), British origami artist

Ned Temko (born 1952), American journalist and newspaper editor

Florence Temko
Florence Maria Temko (October 20, 1921 – November 12, 2009), a pioneer in spreading origami in the United States, was perhaps the most prolific author on this subject. With fifty-five books to her credit on paper arts and folk crafts, she was a strong influence on interested beginners in the art of paperfolding. Some of them later developed complex origami designs previously unimaginable and applied their expertise into advanced innovations in the fields of art and science.
Ganei Am
Ganei Am (Hebrew: גני עם, גַּנֵּיעָם, lit. People Gardens) is a moshav in central Israel. Located in the Sharon plain near Hod HaSharon and covering 350 dunams, it falls under the jurisdiction of Drom HaSharon Regional Council. In 2022 it had a population of 231.

Hod HaSharon
Hod HaSharon (Hebrew: הוד השרון, lit. 'Splendor of the Sharon') is a city in the Central District of Israel. The city is located approximately 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) east of the Mediterranean coastline, south of Kfar Saba, southeast of Ra'anana, and northeast of Ramat HaSharon. In 2023 it had a population of 65,393.

Hod HaSharon was officially formed and made a local council in 1964 by the merging of four moshavot: Magdiel, Ramatayim, Kfar Hadar, and Ramat Hadar. The land area of Hod HaSharon is 19.2 square kilometres (7.4 sq mi).
Fine-tuned universe
The fine-tuned universe is the hypothesis that, because "life as we know it" could not exist if the constants of nature—such as the electron charge or the gravitational constant—had been even slightly different, the universe must be tuned specifically for life. In practice, this hypothesis is formulated in terms of dimensionless physical constants.

Carbon-12
Carbon-12 (12C) is the most abundant of the two stable isotopes of carbon (carbon-13 being the other), amounting to 98.93% of element carbon on Earth; its abundance is due to the triple-alpha process by which it is created in stars. Carbon-12 is of particular importance in its use as the standard from which atomic masses of all nuclides are measured, thus, its atomic mass is exactly 12 daltons by definition. Carbon-12 is composed of 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons.

See carbon-13 for means of separating the two isotopes, thereby enriching both.
Hradečná
Hradečná (German: Gritz Berg) is a mountain in the Hrubý Jeseník mountain range in the Czech Republic. It has an elevation of 1,057 m (3,468 ft) above sea level. It is located in the municipality of Malá Morávka.

Rýmařov
Rýmařov (Czech pronunciation: [ˈriːmar̝of]; German: Römerstadt) is a town in Bruntál District in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 7,800 inhabitants. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone.
Brian Hill (author)
Brian Hill is a Canadian/American director and playwright living in New York City.

Hill has directed new works, revised classics and developmental works for Disney Theatrical Productions, Mirvish Productions, 5th Avenue Theatre, Chicago Shakespeare Theater, Goodspeed Musicals, TheatreWorks, Segal Centre for Performing Arts,The Shaw Festival of Canada and The Stratford Festival of Canada. Hill was the original director of Come From Away and creator of the musical's foundational physical vocabulary.

He was resident director of the Toronto and Broadway companies of The Lion King and associate director of the Broadway production of The Little Mermaid.

As an actor he spent three seasons with the Shaw Festival, originated the role of Frankie (Dora Award for outstanding actor) in the original Canadian cast of Forever Plaid, played Raoul in The Phantom of the Opera and Joe in Sunset Boulevard.

Segal Centre for Performing Arts
The Segal Centre for Performing Arts, formerly the Saidye Bronfman Centre for the Arts, is a theatre in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is located at 5170 chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, in the borough of Côte-des-Neiges–Notre-Dame-de-Grâce.

The building houses the Segal Theatre, the Academy of Performing Arts, CinemaSpace, Studio, and the Dora Wasserman Yiddish Theatre.
2008 Oregon Ballot Measure 64
Oregon Ballot Measure 64 (IRR 25)   was an initiated state statute ballot measure on the November 4, 2008 general election ballot in Oregon.

This measure would have prohibited money collected with the use of public resources from being used for political purposes, except elections, official voter pamphlets and most lobbying. "Political purpose" is defined as: candidates, political committee or party, initiative or referendum committee, and supporting/opposing candidates or ballot measures (including signature gathering for petitions).

Bill Sizemore
Bill Sizemore (born June 2, 1951) is an American political activist and writer in Redmond, Oregon, United States. Sizemore has never held elected office, but has nonetheless been a major political figure in Oregon since the 1990s. He is considered one of the main proponents of the Oregon tax revolt, a movement that seeks to reduce taxes in the state. Oregon Taxpayers United, a political action committee he founded in 1993, has advanced numerous ballot initiatives limiting taxation, and has opposed spending initiatives. Sizemore made an unsuccessful run for Governor of Oregon in 1998. He also announced his intention to run for governor in 2010, but was indicted by the state on charges of tax evasion.  The charges were later amended to failure to file tax returns.
Pretoria Ring Road
The Pretoria Ring Road, also known as the Pretoria Bypass, is a collection of two bypasses that together form a partial ring road around the city of Pretoria, South Africa. It consists of a section of the N1 highway (known as the Eastern Bypass) as well as a section of the N4 highway (known as the Northern Bypass). It is entirely in the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality.

Rustenburg
Rustenburg (/ˈrʌstənbɜːrɡ/; Afrikaans pronunciation: [ˈrœstənbœrχ], Afrikaans and Dutch: City of Rest) is a city at the foot of the Magaliesberg mountain range. Rustenburg is the most populous city in North West province, South Africa (549,575 in 2011 and 626,522 in the 2016 census). In 2017, the city's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) reached ZAR 63.8 billion, accounting for 21.1% of the GDP of the North West Province, and 1.28% of the GDP of South Africa.  Rustenburg was one of the official host cities of the 2010 FIFA World Cup, being in close proximity to Phokeng, the capital of the Royal Bafokeng Nation, where the Royal Bafokeng Stadium is located. The England national football team also used this as their base camp for the tournament.
2010 Sporting Challenger
The 2010 Sporting Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor red clay courts. This was the ninth edition of the tournament which is part of the Tretorn SERIE+ of the 2010 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Turin, Italy between 28 June and 4 July 2010.

Potito Starace
Potito Starace (Italian pronunciation: [poˈtiːto staˈraːtʃe]; born 14 July 1981) is an Italian former professional tennis player on the ATP Tour. He achieved a career-high singles ranking of world no. 27 on October 15, 2007. He was a clay court specialist, and was coached by Umberto Rianna.

Starace was banned from tennis for life by the Italian Tennis Federation and by the Tennis Integrity Unit for betting offences.
1st Cavalry Division "Eugenio di Savoia"
The 1st Cavalry Division "Eugenio di Savoia" (Italian: 1ª Divisione celere "Eugenio di Savoia") was a cavalry or "Celere" (Fast) division of the Royal Italian Army during World War II. The division was mobilized in 1940 and took part in the Invasion of Yugoslavia. The division was assigned to the XI Corps in Ljubljana and remained in Yugoslavia as occupation force on the Dalmatian coast. After the Armistice of Cassibile on 8 September 1943 the division was disbanded by the Germans.

Udine
Udine (US: /ˈuːdiːneɪ/ OO-dee-nay; Italian: [ˈuːdine] ⓘ; Friulian: Udin; Latin: Utinum; Slovene: Videm) is a city and comune (municipality) in northeastern Italy, in the middle of the Friuli-Venezia Giulia region, between the Adriatic Sea and the Carnic Alps. It is the capital of the Regional decentralization entity of Udine. As of 2025, it has a population of 98,320 in the commune, and 176,000 in the urban area.