hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alshehbazia hauthalii
Alshehbazia hauthalii is a species of flowering plant belonging to the family Brassicaceae. It is a subshrub native to west-northwestern and southern Argentina and southern Chile.

The species was first described as Eudema hauthalii by Ernst Friedrich Gilg and Reinhold Conrad Muschler in 1909. In 2015 it was placed in the new genus Alshehbazia as Alshehbazia hauthalii, published in Kew Bull. Vol.70 (Issue 4).

The genus name of Alshehbazia is in honour of Ihsan Ali Al-Shehbaz, Ph.D. (born 1939 in Iraq) is an Iraqi American botanist who works as adjunct professor at University of Missouri-St. Louis and Senior Curator at Missouri Botanical Garden. The Latin specific epithet of hauthalii refers to Horst Hauthal (1913–2002) a former German ambassador.

Missouri Botanical Garden
The Missouri Botanical Garden is a botanical garden located at 4344 Shaw Boulevard in St. Louis, Missouri. It is also known informally as Shaw's Garden for founder and philanthropist Henry Shaw. Its herbarium, with more than 7.5 million specimens, is the second largest in North America, behind that of the New York Botanical Garden. Its Peter H. Raven Library contains 85% coverage of all literature ever published on systematic botany and plant taxonomy.  The Index Herbariorum code assigned to the herbarium is MO and it is used when citing housed specimens.
Rademacher–Menchov theorem
In mathematical analysis, the Rademacher–Menchov theorem, introduced by Rademacher (1922) and Menchoff (1923), gives a sufficient condition for a series of orthogonal functions on an interval to converge almost everywhere.

Mathematical analysis
Analysis is the branch of mathematics dealing with continuous functions, limits, and related theories, such as differentiation, integration, measure, infinite sequences, series, and analytic functions.

These theories are usually studied in the context of real and complex numbers and functions. Analysis evolved from calculus, which involves the elementary concepts and techniques of analysis.
Analysis may be distinguished from geometry; however, it can be applied to any space of mathematical objects that has a definition of nearness (a topological space) or specific distances between objects  (a metric space).
Menemerus nigeriensis
Menemerus nigeriensis  is a species of jumping spider in the genus Menemerus that lives in Nigeria. The species was first described in 2011 by Wanda Wesołowska and Anthony Russell-Smith based on a holotype found near Ibadan. The spider is medium-sized, with a cephalothorax that is typically 2.5 millimetres (0.10 in) long and an abdomen 2.6 millimetres (0.10 in) long. The carapace is generally a uniform dark brown, the eye field black and the abdomen greyish-brown. As with other Menemerus spiders, it is its copulatory organs that most distinguish the species from others in the genus. The male has a distinctive dorsal tibia that has a very long and pointed apophysis or appendage. The female has not been identified.

Palpal bulb
The two palpal bulbs – also known as palpal organs and genital bulbs – are the copulatory organs of a male spider. They are borne on the last segment of the pedipalps (the front "limbs" of a spider), giving the spider an appearance often described as like wearing boxing gloves. The palpal bulb does not actually produce sperm, being used only to transfer it to the female. Palpal bulbs are only fully developed in adult male spiders and are not completely visible until after the final moult. In the majority of species of spider, the bulbs have complex shapes and are important in identification.
Trygve Bull
Trygve Friis Bull (13 August 1905 – 16 March 1999) was a Norwegian lecturer and politician. He was a member of Mot Dag in the 1920s and 1930s, and contributed to the magazines Mot Dag, Clarté and Kontakt. During World War II he was imprisoned by the Germans, and incarcerated at the Grini and Sachsenhausen concentration camps. He was a politician for the Labour Party, a deputy representative to the Storting from 1957 to 1969, and later a politician for the Socialist Left Party. He was a member of the committee Norsk Språknemnd from its establishment in 1952 until 1972, and Norsk språkråd from 1972 to 1981.

Language Council of Norway
The Language Council of Norway (Norwegian: Språkrådet, Urban East Norwegian: [ˈsprôːkròːdə́]) is the administrative body of the Norwegian state on language issues. It regulates the two written forms of the Norwegian language: Bokmål and Nynorsk. It was established in 2005 and replaced the Norwegian Language Council (Norsk språkråd, Urban East Norwegian: [ˈnɔʂk ˈsprôːkrǒːd]) which existed from 1974 to 2005.  It is a subsidiary agency of the Ministry of Culture and has forty-four employees (as per 2023). It is one of two organisations involved in language standardization in Norway, alongside the Norwegian Academy.
32145 Katberman
32145 Katberman (provisional designation 2000 LE30) is a stony asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 4 kilometers in diameter. The asteroid was discovered on 7 June 2000, by the LINEAR team at Lincoln Laboratory's Experimental Test Site in Socorro, New Mexico, United States. It was named for Katharine Berman, a 2016 Intel STS awardee.

Provisional designation in astronomy
Provisional designation is the naming convention applied to astronomical objects immediately following their discovery. The provisional designation is usually superseded by a permanent designation once a reliable orbit has been calculated. As of 2019, approximately 47% of the more than 1,100,000 known minor planets remain provisionally designated, as hundreds of thousands have been discovered in the last two decades. The modern system is overseen by the Minor Planet Center of the International Astronomical Union.
Taki Fiti
Taki Fiti (Macedonian: Таки Фити) is an economist and former Minister of Finance of North Macedonia.

Taki Fiti was born on 7 November 1950 in Kruševo, North Macedonia. He is an ethnic Aromanian. He received his MA in 1980, and his Ph.D. in 1983 at the Faculty of Economics in Skopje. From 1996 - 1998, he was Minister of Finance of North Macedonia. He is currently Head of the Centre for Strategic Research, Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts (MANU).

The scope of his scientific interests includes economics, economic growth and development, state regulation, international capital flow, and entrepreneurship. He is author and co-author of 19 books, of which more important are: "Transnational companies and export of capital", "Modern capitalism", "Entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship management", "Economy - microeconomic approach", and "Economy - macroeconomic approach".

Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts
The Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts (Macedonian: Македонска академија на науките и уметностите, МАНУ, romanized: Makedonska akademija na naukite i umetnostite, MANU) is an academic institution in North Macedonia.
2022–23 Isthmian League
The 2022–23 season was the 108th season of the Isthmian League, which is an English football competition featuring semi-professional and amateur clubs from London, East and South East England. The league operates four divisions, the Premier Division at Step 3 and three divisions, North, South Central and South East at Step 4 of the National League System. This was the fifth season since the former South Division was subdivided into the South Central and South East divisions. The league was also known as the Pitching In League under a sponsorship deal with Entain, formerly GVC Holdings.

The allocations for Step 4 this season were announced by The Football Association (FA) on 12 May 2022. Numerous changes were made to the constitutions of the level 8 divisions within the Isthmian League.

Entain
Entain plc, formerly GVC Holdings, is an international sports betting and gambling company. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. It owns brands such as bwin, Coral, Ladbrokes, PartyPoker, and Sportingbet.
Giorgio Bernardin
Giorgio Bernardin (24 April 1928 – 28 June 2011) was an Italian professional footballer who played as a defender for Sampdoria, Lecce, SPAL 1907, Internazionale, Triestina and Roma, as well as for Italy B.

After retiring from professional football, Bernardin was involved with the building of a hotel in his hometown of Bonassola.

Bernardin died on 28 June 2011.

Bonassola
Bonassola (Ligurian: Bonasseua [bunaˈsøːa]) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of La Spezia in the Italian region Liguria, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southeast of Genoa and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northwest of La Spezia. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 945 and an area of 9.3 square kilometres (3.6 sq mi).

The municipality of Bonassola contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Montaretto, Costella, Serra, Scernio, and San Giorgio.

Bonassola borders the following municipalities: Framura, Levanto.
Fox Chase Branch
The Fox Chase Branch, formerly the Newtown Branch, is a railway line in the state of Pennsylvania. It runs 4.9 miles (7.9 km) from a junction with the SEPTA Main Line near Wayne Junction to Fox Chase. At its fullest extent, it continued another fifteen miles north to Newtown. The oldest part of it was built in 1876 by the Philadelphia, Newtown and New York Railroad. It was part of the Reading Company system from 1879 until 1976. Today it is owned by SEPTA and hosts the Fox Chase Line commuter rail service.

Wayne Junction station
Wayne Junction station is a SEPTA Regional Rail junction station located at 4481 Wayne Avenue, extending along Windrim Avenue to Germantown Avenue. The station is located in the Nicetown neighborhood of Philadelphia. Wayne Junction serves as a multi-modal transfer point between five of SEPTA's regional rail lines as well as 4 major transit routes – the Route 75 Trackless Trolley and Routes 2, 23 and 53. Routes 71 & 81 also operate express bus services here, but do not have a stop. The station served more than 321,000 riders annually in 2018.
Amarantite
Amarantite is an amaranth-red to brownish mineral with the general formula of Fe3+2O(SO4)2·7H2O or Fe3+SO4(OH)·3H2O.

The name comes from the Greek word αμάραντος which means amaranth, an imaginary undying red flower, in allusion to its color.

Amarantite is triclinic, which means crystallographically, it has only one symmetry fold. It must be rotated 360 degrees to be exactly the same. Due to it being triclinic it falls into the biaxial optical class, the axis degrees do not equal 90 degrees and the sides of each axis are not the same length. Amarantite is anisotropic, which means, the velocity of light varies with crystallographic direction, and there is more than one refractive index.

Amarantite is a very rare mineral and can only be found in a couple of places such as Carocoles, Chile. Although it is a source of iron, there is not enough amarantite to be mined for iron. However, when found in crystal form its red orange color gives it value as a collector's item.

Amaranth
Amaranthus is a genus of plants commonly known as amaranths. Some species are known by variants of the common name "pigweed". Some members are annual and others are perennial. The plant can grow from 1 to 2.5 metres (3 to 8 feet) tall with a succulent, hollow stem. Parts of the plant vary from green to reddish. Catkin-like cymes of densely packed flowers grow in the summer or fall.

There are 75 recognized species in the genus, some monoecious and some dioecious. The name amaranth was originally applied to the closely related genus Celosia. Amaranthus is cosmopolitan in tropical regions. Some species are cultivated as leaf vegetables, pseudocereals (with amaranth grain being collected), and ornamental plants.
Oti Prefecture
Oti is a prefecture located in the Savanes Region of Togo. The prefecture seat is located in Sansanné-Mango. The prefecture covers 1,524 km2 (588 sq mi), with a population in 2022 of 124,848.

The cantons (or subdivisions) of Oti include Mango, Gando, Mogou, Koumongou, Nagbéni, Tchanaga, Takpamba, Galangashie, Barkoissi, Kountoiré, Nali,  Faré,  Loko,  Sagbièbou, Tchamonga, Sadori.

Cantons of Togo
The cantons of Togo are the third-level administrative units of the country, after regions and prefectures; which in turn they are subdivided into villages. They are similar to communes or sub-districts or sub-prefectures of other French African nations.

As of 2013 there were 387 cantons, grouped within 35 prefectures. However, as of May 2019, there are 394 cantons, grouped within 39 prefectures.
Firuz Agha Mosque
The Firuz Ağa Mosque (Turkish: Firuz Ağa Camii) is a 15th-century Ottoman mosque in the Fatih district of Istanbul, Turkey. It was built by Firuz Ağa, the head treasurer of Sultan Beyazıt II. The marble sarcophagus of Firuz Ağa is located in the mosque complex. The mosque is located in the historical center of the city of Istanbul, on the Divanyolu Street, close to other prominent historical landmarks, Sultanahmet Mosque, Aya Sofya and Basilica Cistern.

Bayezid II
Bayezid II (Ottoman Turkish: بايزيد ثانى, romanized: Bāyezīd-i s̱ānī; Turkish: II. Bayezid; 3 December 1447/1448 – 26 May 1512) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1481 to 1512. During his reign, Bayezid consolidated the Ottoman Empire, thwarted a pro-Safavid rebellion and finally abdicated his throne to his son, Selim I. Bayezid evacuated Sephardi Jews from Spain following the fall of the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada and the proclamation of the Alhambra Decree and resettled them throughout Ottoman lands, especially in Salonica.
Tycho van Meer
Tycho van Meer (born 30 September 1974 in Eindhoven) is a former field hockey striker from the Netherlands, who represented his native country at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia. There he won the golden medal with the Dutch national team. A former player of HGC, Oranje Zwart and Amsterdam, he earned a total number of 90 caps, scoring seventeen goals for the Dutch during the late 1990s.

HGC (field hockey)
H.O.C. Gazellen-Combinatie, also known as HGC, is a Dutch professional field hockey club located in Wassenaar, South Holland on the border of The Hague. The club was founded on 22 September 1906.

The first teams (men and women) competed for many years on the highest level of the Dutch field hockey league, in the "Hoofdklasse". In 1995/'96 both the men's and the women's first team won the national championship. The men's 1st XI also competed in the Euro Hockey League.

HGC has produced a number of internationals for the Dutch national teams as well as attracting a number of internationals from other countries.
Willow station (Pittsburgh Regional Transit)
Willow is a station on the Overbrook branch of Pittsburgh Regional Transit's light rail network. It is located in Castle Shannon, Pennsylvania. It is a transfer point between the Red Line (serving Castle Shannon, Mt. Lebanon, Dormont, and Beechview) and the Blue and Silver Lines (serving Overbrook, Carrick, Bon Air, Bethel Park and Library).  The station's name was derived from Willow Avenue, the street that runs parallel with and across the light rail. No parking is available at the site and because park and ride commuters can more conveniently reach the nearby Memorial Hall station, Willow almost exclusively serves nearby apartments and individuals switching trains.

Red Line (Pittsburgh)
The Red Line (formerly the 42S South Hills Village via Beechview) is a line on the Pittsburgh Light Rail system that runs between South Hills Village and Downtown Pittsburgh via the Beechview neighborhood. The companion route, the Blue Line, branches off north of Martin Villa – which closed in 2012 – and runs through Overbrook. In March 2007, the closure of the Palm Garden Bridge for refurbishment suspended the Red Line for five months; it resumed service in September.
John Pass (poet)
John Pass (born 1947 in Sheffield, England) is a Canadian poet. He has lived in Canada since 1953, and was educated at the University of British Columbia.

He has published 21 books of poetry since 1971. His book Stumbling in the Bloom won the 2006 Governor General's Award for English poetry. His recent book "crawlspace" (Harbour Publishing, 2011) won the Dorothy Livesay Prize (BC Best Book Award in Poetry) in 2012.

Pass taught English at Capilano University from 1975 to 2007. He lives on BC's Sunshine Coast near Sakinaw Lake with his wife, poet, essayist and novelist Theresa Kishkan

Four of his books of poetry  form a linked quartet under the overall title, "At Large":

The Hour's Acropolis (Harbour Publishing, 1991)

Radical Innocence (Harbour Publishing, 1994)

Water Stair (Oolichan Books, 2000)

Stumbling in the Bloom (Oolichan Books, 2005)

2006 Governor General's Awards
The 2006 Governor General's Awards for Literary Merit: Finalists in 14 categories (68 books) were announced October 16, winners announced November 21 and awards presented  December 13. The prize for writers and illustrators was $15,000 and "a specially bound copy of the winning book".

In a novelty, the winners were announced at simultaneous press conferences in Toronto and Montreal, with English-language assembled in Toronto and French-language winners assembled in Montreal. The finale spanned two days in Ottawa, with presentations December 13 at Rideau Hall, the Governor General's residence; readings and books signings at Library and Archives Canada on December 14.
Maltsevo
Maltsevo (Russian: Мальцево) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Maltsevo, Kaliningrad Oblast, a village in Voskresenskoye Rural Settlement of Ozyorsky District in Kaliningrad Oblast

Maltsevo, Vologda Oblast, a village in Voskresenskoye Rural Settlement of Cherepovetsky District in Vologda Oblast

Ozyorsky District, Kaliningrad Oblast
Ozyorsky District (Russian: Озёрский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the fifteen in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southeast of the oblast. The area of the district is 877 square kilometers (339 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Ozyorsk. Population: 15,316 (2010 Census); 17,239 (2002 Census); 16,089 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Ozyorsk accounts for 30.9% of the district's total population.
Eon Mountain
Eon Mountain is located just south of Mount Assiniboine and straddles the Continental Divide marking the Alberta-British Columbia border. It is Alberta's 41st-highest peak, and the 53rd-highest peak in British Columbia. It was named in 1901 by James Outram. Originally adopted as Mount Eon in 1928 it was later changed to Eon Mountain in October 1957.

The first ascent of Eon was made on July 17, 1921, by Winthrop E. Stone, then President of Purdue University, who fell to his death shortly after reaching the summit. Stone had climbed the final chimney and then unroped on the summit. Upon returning to the chimney he stepped on a loose stone near the edge and fell. His wife was stationed at the base of the final chimney at the time. She was able to descend to 7,500 ft (2,290 m) on the south face and was rescued on July 24. On August 5, a five-man recovery team ascended the SE arête to retrieve Stone's body which was located some 850 ft (260 m) below the summit.

Arête
An arête (/əˈrɛt/ ə-RET; French: [aʁɛt]) is a narrow ridge of rock that separates two valleys. It is typically formed when two glaciers erode parallel U-shaped valleys. Arêtes can also form when two glacial cirques erode headwards towards one another, although frequently this results in a saddle-shaped pass, called a col. The edge is then sharpened by freeze-thaw weathering, and the slope on either side of the arête steepened through mass wasting events and the erosion of exposed, unstable rock. The word arête is French for "edge" or "ridge"; similar features in the Alps are often described with the German equivalent term Grat.

Where three or more cirques meet, a pyramidal peak is created.
Darwin K. Kyle
Darwin Keith Kyle (June 1, 1918 – February 16, 1951) was an officer in the United States Army who was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor in the Korean War. A veteran soldier, Kyle earned both a Silver Star and Bronze Star Medal for his heroic actions in France and Germany during World War II. A master sergeant at the outbreak of the Korean War, "Gus" Kyle was awarded the Soldier's Medal for his heroic actions on December 24, 1950, during the final stages of the Hungnam evacuation. He received a battlefield commission as a second lieutenant on January 27, 1951. He was killed in action on February 16, 1951, and on January 16, 1952, at the Pentagon, his widow accepted the posthumous award of the Medal of Honor for his conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity above and beyond the call of duty.

Kyle joined the army from Racine, West Virginia, in November 1939.

Hungnam evacuation
The Hungnam evacuation or Heungnam redeployment (Korean: 흥남 철수 작전; Hanja: 興南撤收作戰), also known as the Miracle of Christmas, was the evacuation of United Nations (UN) forces and North Korean civilians from the port of Hungnam, Hamhung, North Korea, between 15 and 24 December 1950, during the Korean War. As part of the fighting withdrawal of UN forces against the People's Volunteer Army (PVA) during the Battle of the Chosin Reservoir (27 November to 13 December), they abandoned some 59,000 square kilometers of North Korean territory to enemy forces and retreated to Hungnam, from where they were evacuated to South Korea.
Chris Wyatt (rugby union)
Christopher Philip Wyatt (born 10 June 1973) is a Welsh international rugby union player whose career as a lock forward lasted from 1998 to 2003, during which he attained 38 caps for the Wales national rugby union team.

Wyatt played club rugby in Wales for Newport RFC and Llanelli RFC before moving to Irish province Munster and French clubs Bourgoin and Aix-en-Provence.  His international debut came four days before his 25th birthday in the 6 June 1998 49–11 winning game against Zimbabwe at Harare.  He was selected for the Wales squad in the 1999 and 2003 Rugby World Cups and played his last game in the 2 November 2003 53–37 loss to New Zealand during World Cup match in Sydney.

CS Bourgoin-Jallieu
CS Bourgoin-Jallieu is a French rugby union club competing in the third level of the French league system, Nationale.

The club have been runners-up in the French championship and the French Cup competitions, and have won the Challenge Cup.

Founded in 1906 as "Club Sportif Bergusien". They play at Stade Pierre Rajon (capacity 9,441). They are based in Bourgoin-Jallieu in the Isère department in the province of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in France.
Inferior transverse ligament of scapula
The inferior transverse ligament (spinoglenoid ligament) is a weak membranous band, situated behind the neck of the scapula and stretching from the lateral border of the spine to the margin of the glenoid cavity.

It forms an arch under which the suprascapular vessels and suprascapular nerve enter the infraspinatous fossa.

Scapula
The scapula (pl.: scapulae or scapulas), also known as the shoulder blade, is the bone that connects the humerus (upper arm bone) with the clavicle (collar bone). Like their connected bones, the scapulae are paired, with each scapula on either side of the body being roughly a mirror image of the other. The name derives from the Classical Latin word for trowel or small shovel, which it was thought to resemble.

In compound terms, the prefix omo- is used for the shoulder blade in medical terminology. This prefix is derived from ὦμος (ōmos), the Ancient Greek word for shoulder, and is cognate with the Latin (h)umerus, which in Latin signifies either the shoulder or the upper arm bone.

The scapula forms the back of the shoulder girdle. In humans, it is a flat bone, roughly triangular in shape, placed on a posterolateral aspect of the thoracic cage.