hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Panitumumab
Panitumumab, sold under the brand name Vectibix, is a fully human monoclonal antibody specific to the epidermal growth factor receptor (also known as EGF receptor, EGFR, ErbB-1 and HER1 in humans).

Panitumumab is manufactured by Amgen and was originally developed by Abgenix Inc.

In 2014, Amgen and Illumina entered into an agreement to develop a companion diagnostic to accompany panitumumab.

Immunoglobulin G
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is a type of antibody. Representing approximately 75% of serum antibodies in humans, IgG is the most common type of antibody found in blood circulation. IgG molecules are created and released by plasma B cells. Each IgG antibody has two paratopes.
Tõstamaa Parish
Tõstamaa Parish (Estonian: Tõstamaa vald) was a rural municipality in southwestern Estonia. It was a part of Pärnu County. The municipality had a population of 1,572 (as of 1 January 2009) and covered an area of 261.01 km2.

Tõstamaa Parish covered part of the flat seashore of western Pärnu County, a low, swampy coastal area bordered by an elevated chain of sand dunes. Behind the dunes spreads a slightly wavy drumlin, where higher places have been reclaimed, but lower ones have remained swampy or meadowland and covered with scattered foliage.  And, although Tõstamaa should mean "high land", its populace have long lived not off the land, but off the sea.

Several islands and islets in the Gulf of Riga, including Sorgu and Manilaid, belong to Tõstamaa Parish.

Tõstamaa is home to the historic Tõstamaa Keskkool.

Tõstamaa Secondary School
Tõstamaa Secondary School (Estonian: Tõstamaa Keskkool) is a secondary school in Tõstamaa, Estonia.  It is located in a manor house since the 1921–22 academic year. The children of Tõstamaa have been schooled for more than three centuries.

Today, the school has a faculty of about twenty-five, who teach about 260 students in the primary and secondary classrooms.
Globigerinina
The Globigerinina is a suborder of foraminiferans that are found as marine plankton.  They produce hyaline calcareous tests, and are known as fossils from the Jurassic period onwards.  The group has included more than 100 genera and over 400 species, of which about 30 species are extant.  One of the most important genera is Globigerina; vast areas of the ocean floor are covered with Globigerina ooze (named by Murray and Renard in 1873), dominated by the shells of planktonic forms.

Test (biology)
In biology, a test is the hard shell of some spherical aquatic animals and protists, notably sea urchins and microorganisms such as testate foraminiferans, radiolarians, and testate amoebae. The term is also applied to the covering of scale insects. The related Latin term testa is used for the outer layer of the hard seed coat of plant seeds.
Porth Ruffydd Lifeboat Station
Porth Ruffydd Lifeboat Station was located at Porth Ruffydd, to the south of Penrhos Point, on the south-west coast of Holy Island, 3 miles (4.8 km) to the south-west of the Port of Holyhead, in the north-east of the Isle of Anglesey, Wales.

A lifeboat station was established at Porth Ruffydd by the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) in 1891.

After 14 service launches, but with no lives saved, Porth Ruffydd Lifeboat Station was closed in 1904.

The location is known as "Porth Ruffydd". Please note that in virtually all RNLI references and documents, the name of the station is listed as "Porth Rhuffydd".

Port of Holyhead
The Port of Holyhead (Welsh: Porthladd Caergybi) is a commercial and ferry port in Anglesey, United Kingdom, handling more than 2 million passengers each year. It covers an area of 240 hectares, and is operated by Stena Line Ports Ltd. The port is the principal link for crossings from north Wales and central and northern England to Ireland. The port is partly on Holy Island and partly on Salt Island (Welsh: Ynys Halen). It is made up of the Inner Harbour, the Outer Harbour and the New Harbour (opened in 1880), all sheltered by the Holyhead Breakwater which, at 2.7 kilometres, is the longest in the UK.
Ethyl thioacetate
S-Ethyl thioacetate is the organosulfur compound with the formula CH3C(O)SC2H5.  It is an ethyl ester of thioacetic acid.  The compound is traditionally prepared by alkylation of potassium thioacetate and thiolation of acetyl chloride:

CH3COSK  +  C2H5Br   →  CH3C(O)SC2H5  +  KBr

CH3COCl  +  C2H5SH   →  CH3C(O)SC2H5  +  HCl

The compound has been well studied in part as a model for biologically relevant thioesters, such as Coenzyme A. H-D exchange of the methyl group has been examined in aqueous solution.

Alkylation
Alkylation is a chemical reaction that entails transfer of an alkyl group. The alkyl group may be transferred as an alkyl carbocation, a free radical, a carbanion, or a carbene (or their equivalents). Alkylating agents are reagents for effecting alkylation.  Alkyl groups can also be removed in a process known as dealkylation.  Alkylating agents are often classified according to their nucleophilic or electrophilic character. In oil refining contexts, alkylation refers to a particular alkylation of isobutane with olefins. For upgrading of petroleum, alkylation produces a premium blending stock for gasoline. In medicine, alkylation of DNA is used in chemotherapy to damage the DNA of cancer cells. Alkylation is accomplished with the class of drugs called alkylating antineoplastic agents.
Kant Alsisar
Kant is a small village in the Alsisar mandal of Jhunjhunu district in Rajasthan, India. It is located 24 kilometres (15 mi) away from Jhunjhunu on the North side, and 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) away from Alsisar.

Jhunjhunu district
Jhunjhunu district is a district of the Indian state of Rajasthan in northern India. The city of Jhunjhunu is the district headquarters. The district is famous for the frescos on its grand havelis and for providing considerable representation to Indian defense forces. The district falls within the Shekhawati region, and is bounded on the northeast and east by Haryana state, on the southeast, south & southwest by Sikar district & on the northwest and north by Churu district.
Trams in Gdańsk
The Gdańsk tram system is a tram network in Gdańsk, Poland that has been in operation since 1873. The tramway is operated by Gdańskie Autobusy i Tramwaje (GAiT) and managed by the Zarząd Transportu Miejskiego w Gdańsku (ZTM Gdańsk). There are 11 lines with a total line length of 109.2 kilometres (67.9 mi). The system operates on 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge track.

Network length (transport)
In transport terminology, network length (or, less often, system length) refers to the total length of a transport network, and commonly also refers to the length of any fixed infrastructure associated with the network.

A measurement can be made of the network length of various different modes of transport, including rail, bus, road and air.  The measurement may focus on one of a number of specific characteristics, such as route length, line length or track length.
Grateful When You're Dead
"Grateful When You're Dead / Jerry Was There" is a song by the English rock band Kula Shaker, taken from their first album K.

The song's title is a reference to the American rock band Grateful Dead and their lead guitarist Jerry Garcia. The song is in two parts: the GWYD part, which is a standard rock song, and the JWT part, which is more drifting with dark and ethnic sounds.

The single was released on 22 April 1996, both as a 7" and a CD, and reached number 35 on the UK singles chart.

In Melody Maker, critic Neil Kulkarni declared "Grateful When You're Dead" and previous release "Tattva" to be "the two worst singles of '96".

K (album)
K is the debut album by English psychedelic rock band Kula Shaker, released on 16 September 1996. It became the fastest selling debut album in Britain since Elastica's debut the previous year, selling 105,768 copies in the first week. The album reached the number-one position on the UK Albums Chart and number 200 on the US Billboard 200. It was voted number 879 in the third edition of Colin Larkin's All Time Top 1000 Albums (2000).

The Grateful Dead's psychedelic rock style is an influence on Kula Shaker's first and second albums. The hidden track after "Hollow Man" is a recording of A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, the founder of the International Society for Krishna Consciousness, speaking about his own guru.
Kanasiragi
Kanasiragi (Russian: Канасираги; Dargwa: Къянасирагьи) is a rural locality (a selo) in Sergokalinsky District, Republic of Dagestan, Russia. Population: 472 (2021 Census); 946 (2002 Census); 644 (1989 Soviet census). There are 3 streets.

Dargwa language
Dargwa (дарган мез, dargan mez) is a Northeast Caucasian language spoken by the Dargin people in the Russian republic Dagestan. This article discusses the literary dialect of the dialect continuum constituting the Dargin languages. It is based on the Aqusha and Urakhi dialects of Northern Dargin.
Dinah Salifou
Mohammad Dinah Salifou Camara (died 21 October 1897) was the last king of the Nalu people of Guinea. He is often presented as one of the great figures of resistance to colonial penetration into sub-Saharan Africa, but also has some notoriety for his noted participation at Expo 1889 in Paris. At the end of his life, he was exiled to Saint-Louis, Senegal, under house arrest, where he died in poverty. Dinah Salifou was the holder of the Légion d'honneur.

Nalu people
The Nalu, also called Nalo, Nanum, or Nanu, are a West African ethnic group found in Guinea and Guinea Bissau. They speak the Nalu language. They have been described as "pre-Mandingas", as they settled in the region before the arrival of the Mandé peoples.: 6  In this context Walter Rodney places them alongside the Landuma, the Baga, and the Temne peoples.

The Simo is a West African secret society which is active among the Nalu and related groups.
Skulen (Hasidic dynasty)
Skulen (סקולען) Hasidic dynasty was founded by Eliezer Zusia Portugal. It was headed by his son, Yisroel Avrohom Portugal until his death on April 1, 2019. Its name is from Sculeni (Yiddish: סקולען Skulen), a town in Bessarabia (now in Moldova) where Eliezer Zusia Portugal was born and served as rabbi.

The central Skulener synagogue is in, Boro Park, Brooklyn in New York City.

Borough Park, Brooklyn
Borough Park (also spelled Boro Park) is a neighborhood in the southwestern part of the borough of Brooklyn, in New York City. The neighborhood is bordered by Bensonhurst to the south, Dyker Heights to the southwest, Sunset Park to the west, Kensington and Green-Wood Cemetery to the north, Flatbush to the east, and Mapleton to the southeast.

It is economically diverse and home to one of the largest Orthodox Jewish communities outside Israel, with one of the largest concentrations of Jews in the United States. With Orthodox and Haredi families having an average of 6.72 children, Boro Park is experiencing a sharp growth in population.

The neighborhood is part of Brooklyn Community District 12, and its primary ZIP Code is 11219. It is patrolled by the 66th Precinct of the New York City Police Department. Politically, it is represented by the New York City Council's 38th, 39th, and 44th districts.
Muhammad ibn Isa
Muhammad ibn Isa was a Khurasani warrior who came to Aleppo some time around the spring of 967 with around 5,000 soldiers in order to engage in a jihad against the Byzantine Empire. While the Byzantine emperor Nikephoros II Phokas was campaigning against the Bulgarians in the west, Isa managed to secure a victory against the Byzantines and advanced into Cilicia. Nikephoros sent Petros to challenge Isa, where he defeated him around Alexandretta in 968. Petros then ransomed Isa to the people of Antioch in exchange for Byzantine prisoners of war.

Peter (stratopedarches)
Peter (Greek: Πέτρος; died 977) was a Byzantine eunuch general. Originally a servant of the powerful Cappadocian Phokas family, he was raised to high military office (stratopedarches of the East) under Emperor Nikephoros II Phokas, leading the capture of Antioch and the subjugation of Aleppo in 969. Under John I Tzimiskes, he fought as a senior commander against the Rus' in 970–971, while after Tzimiskes' death he led the loyalist forces against the revolt of the general Bardas Skleros in Asia Minor, falling in battle in autumn 977.
Charmel
Charmel (Persian: چرمل) is a village in Abanar Rural District, Kalat District, Abdanan County, Ilam Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 58, in 12 families. The village is populated by Lurs.

Ilam province
Ilam Province (Persian: استان ایلام) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its capital is the city of Ilam.

The province is in the western part of the country in Region 4 and covers 20,164.11 km2 (7,785.41 mi2). It shares 425 km (264 mi) of the border with Iraq, and also borders on the provinces of Kermanshah, Lorestan, and Khuzestan.
Deaths in April 2024
The following is a list of notable deaths in April 2024.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent country of citizenship (if applicable), reason for notability, cause of death (if known), and reference.

Viking FK
Viking Fotballklubb, commonly known as Viking or Viking Stavanger internationally, is a Norwegian professional football club from the city of Stavanger. The club was founded in 1899. It is one of the most successful clubs in Norwegian football, having won 9 Norwegian top division titles, most recently in 2025, and 6 domestic Norwegian Cup titles, most recently in 2019. The club has played more top-flight league games than any other club in Norway. It has played in the top division since the league was established, except for the years 1966–67, 1987–88 and 2018. Notable European successes include knocking English side Chelsea out of the UEFA Cup during the 2002–03 season, knocking out Sporting CP from the same tournament in 1999–2000, and qualifying for the group stages of the 2005–06 UEFA Cup.
HAT-P-6
HAT-P-6, also named Sterrennacht is a star in the constellation Andromeda, located approximately 895 light years or 274 parsecs away from the Earth. It is an F-type star, implying that it is hotter and more massive than the Sun. The apparent magnitude of the star is +10.54, which means that it can only be visible through the telescope. The absolute magnitude of +3.36 is brighter than the Sun's +4.83, meaning that the star itself is brighter than the Sun. A search for a binary companion star using adaptive optics at the MMT Observatory turned out negative.

The name Sterrennacht (Starry Night) was selected in the NameExoWorlds held by the IAU after a painting by Van Gogh.

NameExoWorlds
NameExoWorlds (also known as IAU NameExoWorlds) were various projects managed by the International Astronomical Union (I.A.U.) to encourage names to be submitted for astronomical objects, notably exoplanets. The accepted names would later be considered for official adoption by the organization.
W260CB
W260CB (99.9 FM, "The Detroit Praise Network") is a radio translator in Detroit, Michigan. Owned by Beasley Broadcast Group, it relays an urban gospel format broadcast by WDMK-HD2, which, along with the 99.9 FM signal of W260CB is also simulcast on W252BX 98.3 FM. The stations are collectively branded as The Detroit Praise Network.

Urban contemporary gospel
Urban/contemporary gospel, also known as urban gospel music, urban gospel pop, or just simply urban gospel, is a modern subgenre of gospel music. Although the style developed gradually, early forms are generally dated to the 1970s, and the genre was well established by the end of the 1980s. The radio format is pitched primarily to African-Americans. Christian hip hop can be considered a subtype of this genre.
Akeman Street (Cambridgeshire)
Akeman Street is a Roman road in eastern England that runs from Cambridgeshire to the north coast of Norfolk. It is approximately 75 miles (120 km) long and runs roughly north-northeast.

Akeman Street joined Ermine Street near Wimpole Hall, then ran northeast to the settlement at Durolipons (now Cambridge), where it crossed a Roman road now known as the Via Devana. Within north Cambridge, the road followed the present-day Stretten Avenue, Carlton Way and Mere Way running northeast past Landbeach before joining the present A10 and on towards Ely and The Fens. It then reached Denver and the coast at Brancaster.

The road was constructed on top of an earlier trackway some time in the 2nd Century AD, or later, and it has been speculated that it was part of the creation of an imperial estate under Hadrian.

Brancaster
Brancaster is a village and civil parish on the north coast of the English county Norfolk. It is about 3 miles (4.8 km) west of the town Burnham Market, 22 miles (35 km) north of the town King's Lynn and 31 miles (50 km) north-west of the city Norwich. The parish includes the villages Brancaster and Brancaster Staithe and the former parish Burnham Deepdale, all of which lie along the A149 road. The Roman settlement Branodunum is on the edge of the village Brancaster.

The parish has an area of 8.27 square miles (21.4 km2) and at the 2011 census had a population of 797 in 406 households. For the purposes of local government, the parish falls within the district King's Lynn and West Norfolk. It is on the North Sea coast, with the villages bordering Brancaster Manor marshes. Scolt Head Island, a barrier island designated as a National Nature Reserve within the neighbouring parish Burnham Norton, is immediately to the north of much the parish boundary.
Francesco Clemente
Francesco Clemente (born 23 March 1952) is an Italian contemporary artist. He has lived at various times in Italy, India and New York City. Some of his work is influenced by the traditional art and culture of India. He has worked in various artistic media including drawing, fresco, graphics, mosaic, oils and sculpture. He was among the principal figures in the Italian Transavanguardia movement of the 1980s, which was characterized by a rejection of Formalism and conceptual art and a return to figurative art and Symbolism.

Graphic arts
A category of fine art, graphic art covers a broad range of visual artistic expression, typically two-dimensional graphics, i.e. produced on a flat surface, today normally paper or a screen on various electronic devices. The term usually refers to the arts that rely more on line, color or tone, especially drawing and the various forms of engraving; it is sometimes understood to refer specifically to drawing and the various printmaking processes, such as line engraving, aquatint, drypoint, etching, mezzotint, monotype, lithography, and screen printing (silk-screen, serigraphy). Graphic art mostly includes calligraphy, photography, painting, typography, computer graphics, and bindery. It also encompasses drawn plans and layouts for interior and architectural designs.

In museum parlance "works on paper" is a common term, covering the various types of traditional fine art graphic art. There is now a large sector of graphic designers working mostly on web design.
Mount Zion Demonstration State Forest
Mount Zion Demonstration State Forest is located in  the town of Pine Grove, Amador County, California, United States. It features a ranger lookout station and microwave tower atop Mount Zion, which is accessed via Mount Zion Road from California State Route 88.

Pine Grove, Amador County, California
Pine Grove is a census-designated place in Amador County, California. It lies at an elevation of 2513 feet (766 m). The population was 2,891 at the 2020 census.

The current boundaries of Pine Grove include the former mining towns of Clinton and Irishtown. The town also is home to Indian Grinding Rock State Historic Park.

A post office opened in Pine Grove in 1856.
Henry Orlik
Henry Orlik (born 6 January 1947) is a German-born British painter of Polish and Belorussian heritage.

Orlik was born in Ankum, Germany. Heralded as a young man as a talented draughtsman and surrealist who was exhibited alongside such painters as Salvador Dali, René Magritte, and Francis Picabia, he turned his back on the art world which he believed was populated by greedy art dealers.

Many years later, his work was rediscovered by art dealer Antiques Road Show and former Sotheby's expert Grant Ford.

In the meantime, he had suffered the loss of several dozen paintings from his council flat after having to be hospitalised following a stroke.

Ford organized and helped mount a series of exhibitions of Orlik's work in England and New York, including at the Maas Gallery in London, and sales were hearty.

Francis Picabia
Francis Picabia (French: [fʁɑ̃sis pikabja]: born Francis-Marie Martinez de Picabia; 22 January 1879 – 30 November 1953) was a French avant-garde painter, writer, filmmaker, magazine publisher, poet, and typographist closely associated with Dada.

When considering the many styles that Picabia painted in, observers have described his career as "shape-shifting" or "kaleidoscopic". After experimenting with Impressionism and Pointillism, Picabia became associated with Cubism. His highly abstract planar compositions were colourful and rich in contrasts. He was one of the early major figures of the Dada movement in the United States and in France before denouncing it in 1921. He was later briefly associated with Surrealism, but would soon turn his back on the art establishment.
A152 road
The A152 is a small non-primary A-road in Lincolnshire, from Donington to Surfleet linking the A52 and the A16, two major primary routes.

Between Donington and Surfleet the road goes through three villages; Church End, Quadring, and Gosberton.

To eliminate the number of speeding motorists who use the road for an easy way to get to and from Spalding, there is a speed limit of 40 miles per hour (64 km/h), higher in some places, this is so that traffic flows easier than a 30 miles per hour (48 km/h) speed limit would allow.

Spalding, Lincolnshire
Spalding (/ˈspɔːldɪŋ/) is a market town on the River Welland in the South Holland district of Lincolnshire, England. The main town had a population of 30,556 at the 2021 census. The town is the administrative centre of the South Holland District. The town is between the cities of Peterborough and Lincoln.

The Spalding Flower Parade was held annually from 1959 to 2013, and has been held again each year since 2022. The parade celebrates the region's large tulip production and the cultural links between the Fens and the landscape and people of South Holland. At one time, it attracted crowds of more than 100,000.
José Charlet
José Charlet, (October 19, 1916 in Bourg-en-Bresse – 1993) was a French architect, painter, sculptor, and professor at the Beaux Arts of Paris.
Architect of the 49, rue du Pas Saint Maurice House in Suresnes France in 1959

Bourg-en-Bresse
Bourg-en-Bresse (French pronunciation: [buʁ(k)‿ɑ̃ bʁɛs] ⓘ; lit. 'Bourg-in-Bresse'; Arpitan: Bôrg) is the prefecture of the Ain department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in Eastern France. Located 70 km (43 mi) northeast of Lyon, it is the capital of the ancient province of Bresse (Arpitan: Brêsse).