hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wilshire 5000
The Wilshire 5000 Total Market Index, or more simply the Wilshire 5000, is a market-capitalization-weighted index of the market value of all American stocks actively traded in the United States. As of December 31, 2023, the index contained 3,403 components. The index is intended to measure the performance of most publicly traded companies headquartered in the United States, with readily available price data (Bulletin Board/penny stocks and stocks of extremely small companies are excluded). Hence, the index includes a majority of the common stocks and REITs traded primarily through New York Stock Exchange, NASDAQ,  or the American Stock Exchange.  Limited partnerships and ADRs are not included. It can be tracked by following the ticker ^FTW5000.

American depositary receipt
An American depositary receipt (abbreviated ADR, and sometimes spelled depository) is a negotiable security that represents securities of a foreign company and allows that company's shares to trade in the U.S. financial markets.

Shares of many non-U.S. companies trade on U.S. stock exchanges through ADRs, which are denominated and pay dividends in U.S. dollars, and may be traded like regular shares of stock. ADRs are also traded during U.S. trading hours, through U.S. broker-dealers. ADRs simplify investing in foreign securities because the depositary bank "manage[s] all custody, currency and local taxes issues".

The first ADR was introduced by J.P. Morgan in 1927 for the British retailer Selfridges on the New York Curb Exchange, the American Stock Exchange's precursor.

They are the U.S. equivalent of a global depository receipt (GDR). Securities of a foreign company that are represented by an ADR are called American depositary shares (ADSs).
Animal studies
Animal studies is a recently recognised field in which animals are studied in a variety of cross-disciplinary ways. Scholars who engage in animal studies may be formally trained in a number of diverse fields, including art history, anthropology, biology, film studies, geography, history, psychology, literary studies, museology, philosophy, communication, and sociology. They engage with questions about notions of "animality," "animalization," or "becoming animal," to understand human-made representations of and cultural ideas about "the animal" and what it is to be human by employing various theoretical perspectives. Using these perspectives, those who engage in animal studies seek to understand both human-animal relations now and in the past as defined by our knowledge of them. Because the field is still developing, scholars and others have some freedom to define their own criteria about what issues may structure the field.

Film studies
Film studies is an academic discipline that deals with various theoretical, historical, and critical approaches to cinema as an art form and a medium. It is sometimes subsumed within media studies and is often compared to television studies.

Film studies is less concerned with advancing proficiency in film production than it is with exploring the narrative, artistic, cultural, economic, and political implications of the cinema. In searching for these social-ideological values, film studies takes a series of critical approaches for the analysis of production, theoretical framework, context, and creation. Also, in studying film, possible careers include critic or production. Overall the study of film continues to grow, as does the industry on which it focuses.

Academic journals publishing film studies work include Sight and Sound, Film Comment, Film International, CineAction, Screen, Journal of Cinema and Media Studies, Film Quarterly, and Journal of Film and Video.
2005 US Open (tennis)
The 2005 US Open was the fourth and final Grand Slam of 2005. It was held between August 29, 2005, and September 11, 2005.

Roger Federer was successful in defending his 2004 title, defeating Andre Agassi in the final. Svetlana Kuznetsova was unsuccessful in her title defense, losing in the first round against compatriot Ekaterina Bychkova. Kim Clijsters won her first Grand Slam title after four previous Grand Slam final losses. It was the first of three US Open titles for Clijsters, also winning in 2009 and 2010. This was the first time that future US Open (Tennis) champion Andy Murray was featured in the tournament.

Max Mirnyi
Maksim Mikalaevich "Max" Mirnyi (born 6 July 1977) is a Belarusian former professional tennis player.

Mirnyi became a doubles specialist following his singles career, in which he reached a career-high of World No. 18 (August 2003) and finished in the top 50 in the world for seven straight years despite only winning one ATP singles title (2003 Rotterdam Open). He represented Belarus in Davis Cup competition from April 1994, where he holds a record of 47 wins and 27 losses in 35 ties played. He reached the World No. 1 doubles ranking in June 2003 and won ten Grand Slam titles: Men's doubles in the 2000 and 2002 US Open and the 2005, 2006, 2011 and 2012 French Open; and mixed doubles in the 1998, 2007, and 2013 U.S. Opens and 1998 Wimbledon.

At the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, Mirnyi carried the flag of Belarus at the Opening Ceremony on 27 July 2012, and won the gold medal in the mixed doubles with Victoria Azarenka on 5 August 2012.

His nickname is "The Beast of Belarus".
The Minister and the Mercer
The Minister and the Mercer is an 1834 historical comedy play by the British writer Alfred Bunn. It premiered at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane in London on 8 February 1834. The original cast included William Farren as Count Bertrand De Rauntzu, Charles James Mathews as Falkensteid, John Duruset as  Count Berghen, William Dowton as  Raton Burkenstaff, John Cooper as Eric Burkenstaff, Benjamin Nottingham Webster as John, Robert William Honner as Dorsten, Mrs. Sloman as Marie Julie, Ellen Kean as Christine and Julia Glover as Madame Burkenstaff. It was inspired by the 1833 French play Bertrand et Raton by Eugène Scribe. It takes place in Denmark in 1772 at time when Christian VII of Denmark was mad, and his physician takes virtual charge of the country leading to a coup to oust him.. It ran for forty one days.

Christian VII
Christian VII (29 January 1749 – 13 March 1808) was King of Denmark and Norway and Duke of Schleswig and Holstein from 1766 until his death in 1808. He was affected by mental illness and was only nominally king for most of his reign. His royal advisers changed depending on the outcome of power struggles. From 1770 to 1772, his court physician Johann Friedrich Struensee was the de facto ruler of the country and introduced progressive reforms signed into law by the king. Struensee was deposed by a coup in 1772, after which the country was ruled by Christian's stepmother, Queen Dowager Juliane Marie of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, his half-brother Hereditary Prince Frederick, and the Danish politician Ove Høegh-Guldberg. From 1784 until Christian VII's death in 1808, Christian's son, later Frederick VI, acted as unofficial prince regent.
Viola Rowe Gross
Viola Denisa Rowe Gross (August 25, 1921 – February 20, 2012) from Danville, Kentucky, was a teacher, businesswoman, clubwoman and author.  She served on many local, state and national organizations and associations in support of African American civil rights and human rights in general. She and her husband Dr. Rodney Gross Jr. were partners at Gross Veterinary Clinic, which opened in Grayson, Kentucky in 1962. They were the first African-Americans to hold professional degrees in Carter County, Kentucky.

Carter County, Kentucky
Carter County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 26,627. Its county seat is Grayson. Carter County is in the Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is home to Carter Caves State Resort Park.
Vettakollen
Vettakollen is a hill and neighbourhood in the borough of Vestre Aker in Oslo, Norway.

The hill lies west of Sognsvann and southeast of Voksenåsen and Holmenkollen, and measures 419 metres above mean sea level. The estimated population in the Vettakollen area is 7 600 people. The built-up residential area south of the hill is served by the Oslo Metro station Vettakollen, Gulleråsen, Gråkammen and Skådalen.

The name stems from the beacon hill's former use as the site of a beacon (Norwegian: varde). Before modern times, such beacons were set alight on a series of hills to constitute an alarm system. The naming is found in other hills, such as Vardåsen, Varingskollen and probably Brannfjell.

Varingskollen
Varingskollen is a mountain of Akershus, Norway. It is situated above the village of Hakadal in Nittedal. it is the site of the Varingskollen ski resort located 25 minutes by train from Oslo on the Gjøvik Line with exit at the Hakadal Station.

Varingskollen ski resort consists of six slopes in total, with a FIS approved Giant Slalom / Slalom course called Olaløypa (black course) as the main feature. This slope is 1250 metres long, descending 350 metres from the Varingskollen summit to the valley below. In addition, there are two red courses (Kariløypa - 1600 metres, Terrengparken - 400 metres), one blue course (Hakkebakken, 500 metres), and two green courses (Trollparken - 500 metres, Barnebakken - 100 metres).

Varingskollen ski resort has three cafeterias, slopes for cross country skiing and ski rental possibilities. In the summer, the mountain is used for mountain biking, hiking and wildlife spotting.
Lebedev Physical Institute
The Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Russian: Физи́ческий институ́т имени П. Н. Ле́бедева Российской академии наук) is a Russian research institute in Moscow, specializing in physics. The institute was established in its present shape in 1934 by academician Sergey Vavilov. It moved to Moscow and was named after a Russian physicist Pyotr Lebedev the same year. It is also known as P. N. Lebedev Institute of Physics or just Lebedev Institute. In Russian it is often referred to by the acronym FIAN (ФИАН) standing for "Physical Institute of the Academy of Sciences". The range of the research activities includes: laser technology, dark matter structure, nanostructures, superconductivity, cosmic rays, and gamma-astronomy. The institute developed a technique of crystallizing cubic zirconia (which was called Fianit in Russia, named after FIAN).

Research institute
A research institute, research centre, or research organization is an establishment founded for doing research. Research institutes may specialize in basic research or may be oriented to applied research. Although the term often implies natural science research, there are also many research institutes in the social science as well, especially for sociological and historical research purposes.
Pultenaea arida
Pultenaea arida is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to the south of Western Australia. It is a low, spindly, spreading shrub with small, flat, hairy leaves and yellow, red or orange flowers.

Papilionaceous flower
Papilionaceous flowers (from Latin: papilion, a butterfly) are flowers with the characteristic irregular and butterfly-like corolla found in many, though not all, plants of the species-rich Faboideae subfamily of legumes. Tournefort suggested that the term Flores papilionacei originated with Valerius Cordus, who applied it to the flowers of the bean.
Out and Plunder Woods
Out and Plunder Woods is a 38.6-hectare (95-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest between Great Bradley and Burrough Green in Cambridgeshire.

These woods on boulder clay have been little modified since the medieval period, which has allowed the development of a diverse fauna and flora, and grassy trails provide additional habitats. The main trees are ash, field maple and pedunculate oak, and herbs include sweet violet and early dog-violet.

The site is in two blocks, with Out Wood and Sparrows Grove in one, and the smaller Plunder Wood in the other. They are private property, but a public footpath goes through the site between Out Wood and Sparrows Grove.

Burrough Green
Burrough Green is a village and parish in Cambridgeshire, England. The population of the village at the 2011 census was 378. The soil is various; subsoil, clay and chalk. The chief crops are wheat, barley and roots. The area of the parish is 2,272 acres (919 ha); the population in 1921 was 334."

It is described in Kelly's Directory (1929) as a "village and parish 2½ miles south-east from Dullingham station on the Cambridge and Bury branch of the London and North Eastern Railway and 6 south from Newmarket, in the hundred of Radfield, Newmarket union, petty sessional division and county court district, rural deanery of Cheveley, archdeaconry and diocese of Ely."
Los Caquitos
Los Caquitos (English: "The Little Thieves") is a sketch comedy of  the Chespirito television comedy program that ran from 1980 to 1995. It was created by Roberto Gómez Bolaños, who also played one of the title characters, "El Chómpiras".

Anabel Gutiérrez
Anabel Gutiérrez Aicua (17 September 1931 – 21 August 2022) was a Mexican actress and comedian. Her most memorable works included her participation in the film School for Tramps (1955), as well as her appearances on the program Chespirito (1970), playing the character of Doña Espotaverderona in some sketches.
Joseph Greatorex
Joseph Edward Alfred Greatorex (7 March 1863 — 16 December 1940) was an English first-class cricketer and architect.

The son of R. C. Greatorex, he was born in March 1863 at Kensington. He was educated at Harrow School, where he played for the school cricket eleven. He was described at Harrow as a "sound batsman" and featured in the Harrow v Eton match of 1881, taking figures of 5 for 35 with his slow bowling. Shortly after completing his education at Harrow, Greatorex made two appearances in first-class cricket for the Marylebone Cricket Club, against Hampshire at Southampton and Cambridge University at Fenner's. He scored 18 runs in these two matches, with a highest score of 12. Greatorex was by profession an architect. He died in December 1940 at Uppingham. His brother, Theophilus, was also a first-class cricketer.

Uppingham
Uppingham is a market town and civil parish in the ceremonial county of Rutland, England, off the A47 between Leicester and Peterborough, 6 miles (10 km) south of Oakham. It had a population of 4,745 according to the 2011 census, estimated at 4,853 in 2019.

The town is known for its eponymous public school. With its art galleries Uppingham has become a popular destination for art lovers. Uppingham was named "best place to live in the Midlands in 2022" by The Times newspaper, who commented on the town by calling it "a discerning market town with art, heart and smarts — plus the magnificent Rutland Water".
Lung nodule
A lung nodule or pulmonary nodule is a relatively small focal density in the lung. A solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) or coin lesion, is a mass in the lung smaller than three centimeters in diameter. A pulmonary micronodule has a diameter of less than three millimetres. There may also be multiple nodules.

One or more lung nodules can be an incidental finding found in up to 0.2% of chest X-rays and around 1% of CT scans.

The nodule most commonly represents a benign tumor such as a granuloma or hamartoma, but in around 20% of cases it represents a malignant cancer, especially in older adults and smokers. Conversely, 10 to 20% of patients with lung cancer are diagnosed in this way. If the patient has a history of smoking or the nodule is growing, the possibility of cancer may need to be excluded through further radiological studies and interventions, possibly including surgical resection. The prognosis depends on the underlying condition.

Bronchoscopy
Bronchoscopy is an endoscopic technique of visualizing the inside of the airways for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. An instrument (bronchoscope) is inserted into the airways, usually through the nose or mouth, or occasionally through a tracheostomy. This allows the practitioner to examine the patient's airways for abnormalities such as foreign bodies, bleeding, tumors, or inflammation. Specimens may be taken from inside the lungs. The construction of bronchoscopes ranges from rigid metal tubes with attached lighting devices to flexible optical fiber instruments with realtime video equipment.
Martin Dlamini
Honourable Martin Gobizandla Dlamini is an economist, former Centra Bank Governor and former Minister of Finance from Eswatini.

Dlamini worked in Central Bank of Eswatini for 30 years, including as the appointed governor, before he was appointed to the Cabinet of Swaziland in 2013. He has experience in the banking and financial sector. He was the governor of the bank from July 1997 to November 2013.

Dlamini was appointed as Minister of Finance in November 2013. He was replaced in 2018 by Neal Rijkenberg.

Honourable Martin Dlamini has been married to his wife Mrs. Victoria Dlamini, also a banker, for 53 years. They share 4 children, Themba Dlamini, Pholile Dlamini, Vumile Dlamini and Bhekilanga Dlamini.

Cabinet of Eswatini
The Cabinet of Eswatini is the most senior level of the executive branch of the Government of Eswatini. It is composed of the Prime Minister, the Deputy Prime Minister and the Ministers. Ministers are appointed by the king based on the recommendations of the prime minister. All cabinet members must be members of parliament.
Dmitry Arsenyev
Dmitry Arsenyev is an  Xpogo pro athlete born and raised in St. Petersburg, Russia. Dmitry holds the World Records for Most Consecutive Front Flips (7) and High Jump (10 ft 0.5 in). He also won first place at the 2015 Pogopalooza U.S. Open Freestyle championship. Previously he has held the record for most consecutive backflips and won the Pogopalooza France Best Trick Competition with the Vodka Flip.

Currently he shows his skills in the Show JUMP! by Karl Magee at Phantasialand.

Extreme Pogo
Extreme Pogo is an action sport which involves riding and performing tricks using a pogo stick. The sport draws inspiration from other action sports such as skateboarding, BMX, and parkour. Athletes will have various focuses in tricks or street style bouncing using urban environments as obstacles. Extreme pogo can be seen in athlete exhibition teams, content on sites such as YouTube, and also the annual Pogopalooza: The World Championship of Pogo, which has been held worldwide, although is currently based in Wilkinsburg, Pennsylvania, home of Xpogo, a business which produces the competition and manages many properties in the world of extreme pogo.
2007 Australian Open
The 2007 Australian Open was a Grand Slam tennis tournament held in Melbourne, Australia from 15 January until 28 January 2007.

The total prize pool was set at exactly A$20 million, with the winners of both the men's and women's singles competition each receiving A$1,281,000. Over 500 players competed in 2007. The main draw for singles and doubles was released on Friday 12 January 2007.

In Mixed Doubles, the scoring system was changed. Should both teams in a match become one set apiece, a match tie break will take part in the final set where the first team to score ten points wins the match. If the score for the match tie break becomes 9–9, a difference by two is required to win the game (e.g. 11–9, 12–10, etc.).

Florence Gravellier
Florence Gravellier (born 23 January 1979) is a former French wheelchair tennis player. Gravellier is the 2005 and 2010 Australian Open doubles Champion. At the 2008 Paralympic Games in Beijing, Gravellier was a double bronze medalist. Gravellier is a former world number one in the Women's doubles.
Egebjerg
Egebjerg is the name of several places in Denmark:

Egebjerg, Horsens, in Horsens Municipality

Egebjerg, Odsherred Municipality; see List of churches in Odsherred Municipality

Egebjerg Church, a church in Fredensborg Municipality

Egebjerg Municipality, a former municipality on the island of funen, now a part of Svendborg Municipality

Transmitter Egebjerg, one of the tallest structures in Denmark

Egebjerg Municipality
Until 1 January 2007, Egebjerg municipality was a municipality (Danish, kommune) in Funen County on the south coast of the island of Funen in south-central Denmark. The municipality covered an area of 124 km2, and had a total population of 8,792 (2005). The last mayor of the municipality was Mogens Johansen. Its main city and the site of its municipal council was Vester Skerninge.

Egebjerg municipality ceased to exist as the result of Kommunalreformen ("The Municipality Reform" of 2007).  It was merged with Svendborg and Gudme municipalities to form the new Svendborg municipality.  This created a municipality with an area of 418 km2 and a total population of 58,354 (2005).  The new municipality belongs to  Region of Southern Denmark.
November 6 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
November 5 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - November 7

All fixed commemorations below celebrated on November 19 by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For November 6th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on October 24.

Winnoc
Winnoc (c. 640-c. 716/717) was an abbot or prior of Wormhout. Three lives of the saint are extant (BHL 8952-4). The best of them is the first life, which was written by a monk of Bertin in the mid-9th century or perhaps a century earlier.
Prayagraj Junction railway station
Prayagraj Junction (station code: PRYJ), formerly and colloquially known as Allahabad Junction, is a major junction and railway station on the Howrah-Gaya-Delhi line,Howrah–Delhi main line, Prayagraj–Mau–Gorakhpur main line and Howrah–Prayagraj–Mumbai line. It is the headquarters of the North Central Railway zone. It is located in Prayagraj in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It serves Prayagraj and the surrounding areas.

Howrah–Prayagraj–Mumbai line
The Howrah–Prayagraj–Mumbai line, (formerly known as Howrah–Allahabad–Bombay line)  is a railway line connecting Kolkata and Mumbai via Prayagraj (formerly Allahabad). The 2,160-kilometre-long (1,340 mi) railway line was opened to traffic in 1870. This railway line was 2,146 kilometres (1,333 mi) long until 2004. In 2004 the construction of Indira Sagar Dam submerged the old alignment near Khandwa and a new alignment of 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) long was relaid.
62 Cavalry (India)
62 Cavalry is a pioneering component of the armoured corps of India. Its raising as the first armoured regiment of an independent nation merged the flair of Risala with the vision of an emergent army. The regiment is exemplified in an array of regimental insignia and colours that were a break from the usual pennants and lances, and reflected the efforts put into their design and conception.

Indian Army Armoured Corps
The Indian Army Armoured Corps is one of the combat arms of the Indian Army. Tracing its origins from the first regiment formed in 1776, the present corps was formed in 1947 from two-thirds of the personnel and assets of the British Indian Army's Indian Armoured Corps. It currently consists of 67 armoured regiments, including the President's Bodyguard.
2019 Katusha–Alpecin season
The 2019 season for Team Katusha–Alpecin will begin in January at the Tour Down Under. As a UCI WorldTeam, they will be automatically invited and obligated to send a squad to every event in the UCI World Tour.

Katusha–Alpecin
Katusha–Alpecin (Russian: Катюша, UCI team code: TKA) was a Russian (later Swiss) road bicycle racing team which competed at the UCI WorldTeam level using Canyon bikes. The team was created in 2008 by Igor Makarov, an ex-professional cyclist and entrepreneur. In 2017 the team took a broader international direction, still supported by Igor Makarov's company ARETI International Group, Swiss clothing company Katusha Sports and German shampoo manufacturer Alpecin. The team competed as a UCI ProTeam/WorldTour team between 2009 and 2019. Joaquim Rodríguez, Alexander Kristoff, Daniel Moreno, Simon Špilak, Filippo Pozzato, Luca Paolini, Ilnur Zakarin and Tony Martin are some of the most successful riders who rode for Katusha.

In 2019, the team was taken over by Israel Cycling Academy, along with its UCI World Tour license.