hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Observations, systematical and geographical, on the herbarium collected by Professor Christian Smith, in the vicinity of the Congo
Observations, systematical and geographical, on the herbarium collected by Professor Christian Smith, in the vicinity of the Congo, during the expedition to explore that river, under the command of Captain Tuckey, in the year 1816, also published as Observations, systematical and geographical, on Professor Christian Smith's collection of plants from the vicinity of the River Congo, is an 1818 paper written by Robert Brown on the botany of tropical Africa. It is significant for its contributions to plant systematics, and to African floristics and phytogeography.

Hydrophyllaceae
Hydrophyllaceae is a family in the flowering plant order Boraginales. Its taxonomic position has varied; it has also been treated as the subfamily Hydrophylloideae of the family Boraginaceae sensu lato.
Kenneth Kermack
Kenneth Alexander Kermack (1919 – 2000) was a British palaeontologist at University College London most notable for his work on early mammals with his wife, Doris Mary Kermack.

Among Kermack's other significant contributions was the observation that Diplodocus could not have had an aquatic lifestyle because sheer water pressure alone on its chest would have prevented it breathing whilst submerged.

He first described the early mammal Aegialodon dawsoni from a molar tooth and the docodont Simpsonodon oxfordensis.
He was also interested in astronomy, elected a member of the British Astronomical Association on 23 February 1966, a member until his death in 2000.

Aegialodon
Aegialodon dawsoni is an extinct mammal from the early Cretaceous, known from fossilised teeth discovered in the Wadhurst Clay Formation (dating to about 136 million years ago) near Cliff End, Hastings, East Sussex.
Mt. Hood Community College
Mt. Hood Community College (MHCC) is a public community college in Gresham, Oregon, United States, named after Mount Hood. Opened in 1966, MHCC enrolls around 30,000 students each year and offers classes at the 212-acre (86 ha) main campus in Gresham, as well as the Maywood Park Center in Portland, the Bruning Center for Allied Health Education (also in Gresham), and at area public schools.

The college's sports teams, the Saints, compete in the Northwest Athletic Conference. The college also owns and oversees KMHD, a non-profit FM broadcast radio station based in Portland.

Gardenburger
Gardenburger is the brand name of a veggie burger sold in the United States. It was developed in the early 1980s by Paul Wenner, the owner of the Gardenhouse, a vegetarian restaurant in Gresham, Oregon. It is currently owned by Kellanova.
Strevi
Strevi is a comune and small town in the province of Alessandria, Italy, located immediately northeast of Acqui Terme. It is one of the principal winemaking communes of the Moscato d'Asti, Passito di Moscato, and Brachetto d'Acqui.

Province of Alessandria
The province of Alessandria (Italian: provincia di Alessandria; Piedmontese: provincia ëd Lissandria; in Piedmontese of Alessandria: provinsa ëd Lissändria) is an province of the region of Piedmont in Italy. The capital is the city of Alessandria. It has a population of 407,029 across its 187 municipalities as of 2025.

With an area of 3,558.83 square kilometres (1,374.07 mi2) it is the third largest province of Piedmont after the province of Cuneo and the Metropolitan City of Turin. To the north it borders on the province of Vercelli and to the west on the Metropolitan City of Turin and the province of Asti. It shares its southern border with Liguria (province of Savona and the Metropolitan City of Genoa). Its south-east corner touches the Province of Piacenza in Emilia-Romagna, while to the east it borders on the Lombard province of Pavia.
Rien que les heures
Rien que les heures (English: Nothing But Time or Nothing But the Hours) is a 1926 silent city symphony film by Brazilian director Alberto Cavalcanti showing the life of Paris through one day in 45 minutes.

Other noted examples of the city symphony genre include Charles Sheeler and Paul Strand's Manhatta (1921), Walter Ruttmann's Berlin: Symphony of a Metropolis (1927), Andre Sauvage's Etudes sur Paris (1928), and Dziga Vertov's Man With a Movie Camera (1929).

Charles Sheeler
Charles Sheeler (July 16, 1883 – May 7, 1965) was an American artist known for his Precisionist paintings, commercial photography, and the 1921 avant-garde film, Manhatta, which he made in collaboration with Paul Strand. Sheeler is recognized as one of the early adopters of modernism in American art.
Minnesota State Highway 270
Minnesota State Highway 270 (MN 270) is a 7.659-mile-long (12.326 km) state highway in the southwest corner of Minnesota, which runs from its intersection with County State-Aid Highway 13 (CSAH 13)  in the city of Hills, and continues east to its eastern terminus at its intersection with U.S. Highway 75 (US 75) in Clinton Township, eight miles (13 km) south of Luverne.

U.S. Route 75
U.S. Route 75 is a north–south U.S. Highway that runs 1,239 miles (1,994 km) in the central United States. The highway's northern terminus is located at the Canadian border near Noyes, Minnesota, at a now-closed border crossing. From this point, the highway once continued farther north as Manitoba Highway 75.  Its southern terminus is located at Interstate 345 (I-345) and Texas State Highway Spur 366 (Spur 366) in Dallas, Texas, where US 75 is known as North Central Expressway.

US 75 was previously a cross-country route, from Canada to the Gulf of Mexico at Galveston, Texas, but the entire segment south of Dallas has been decommissioned in favor of I-45; a cutoff section of town-to-town surface road having become Texas State Highway 75.
Ali Velshi on Target
Ali Velshi on Target (formerly Real Money with Ali Velshi) was a daily thirty-minute program on Al Jazeera America hosted by Ali Velshi that focuses on current affairs that provides context and analysis around current political and economic issues along with interviews.

The show was shot and produced in New York City and originally shared studio space with Consider This, another Al Jazeera America show. Real Money aired at 10:30pm eastern time Monday through Friday with repeats overnight and on weekends.

The show featured guest appearances by Suze Orman among others. In Velshi's absence the show's substitute host is David Shuster. The show's producer is head of business news John Meehan.

The show also was done from occasion on location with Velshi typically at economic conventions and other places. The show was also in the past hosted from Al Jazeera America's studios at the Newseum in Washington D.C.

David Shuster
David Martin Shuster (born July 22, 1967) is an American television journalist. Shuster previously served as principal anchor and managing editor for i24 News, previously working as an anchor for MSNBC and worked for Fox News, CNN, Current TV, The Young Turks, and Al Jazeera America.

Shuster's career at MSNBC included anchoring prime time breaking news coverage of the death of Michael Jackson, the passage in Congress of historic health care reform, and the deadly earthquake in Haiti. He was suspended from MSNBC in April 2010 after secretly auditioning for a new CNN show.  After MSNBC, Shuster was hired to serve as "primary substitute anchor" for Current TV's re-launch of Countdown with Keith Olbermann. In January 2012, Shuster began hosting his own syndicated political talk radio show. In July 2013, he was hired to host a show on Al Jazeera America.
Premiership of Justin Trudeau
The premiership of Justin Trudeau began on November 4, 2015, when the first Cabinet headed by Justin Trudeau was sworn in by Governor General David Johnston. Trudeau was invited to form the 29th Canadian Ministry and become Prime Minister of Canada following the 2015 federal election, where Trudeau led his Liberal Party to win a majority of seats in the House of Commons of Canada, defeating the Conservative majority government of Prime Minister Stephen Harper. Trudeau's Liberals were reduced to minority governments in the federal elections of 2019 and 2021, with his party losing the national popular vote twice.

On March 14, 2025, Trudeau resigned as prime minister, being succeeded by Mark Carney.

Katie Telford
Katie Telford (born 1978) is a former Canadian government official and political strategist who served as the 15th Chief of Staff to the Prime Minister from 2015 to 2025, under Prime Minister Justin Trudeau. She served as Trudeau's chief campaign advisor during his successful campaign in the 2015 election. Following the resignation of Gerald Butts, Telford has been acknowledged as holding the highest-ranking position within Trudeau's Prime Minister's Office and has held critical leadership roles in the 2019 and 2021 Liberal election campaigns. She is the longest-tenured chief of staff to a prime minister in Canadian history, serving the entirety of Trudeau's 10-year term.
Comet (programming)
Comet is a web application model in which a long-held HTTPS request allows a web server to push data to a browser, without the browser explicitly requesting it. Comet is an umbrella term, encompassing multiple techniques for achieving this interaction. All these methods rely on features included by default in browsers, such as JavaScript, rather than on non-default plugins. The Comet approach differs from the original model of the web, in which a browser requests a complete web page at a time.

The use of Comet techniques in web development predates the use of the word Comet as a neologism for the collective techniques. Comet is known by several other names, including
Ajax Push,
Reverse Ajax, Two-way-web, HTTP Streaming, and
HTTP server push
among others. The term Comet is not an acronym, but was coined by Alex Russell in his 2006 blog post.

In recent years, the standardisation and widespread support of WebSocket and Server-sent events has rendered the Comet model obsolete.

Hypernymy and hyponymy
Hypernymy and hyponymy are the semantic relations between a generic term (hypernym) and a more specific term (hyponym). The hypernym is also called a supertype, umbrella term, or blanket term. The hyponym names a subtype of the hypernym.  The semantic field of the hyponym is included within that of the hypernym. For example, "pigeon", "crow", and "hen" are all hyponyms of "bird" and "animal"; "bird" and "animal" are both hypernyms of "pigeon", "crow", and "hen".
Lake Ifni
Lake Ifni (Arabic:Dayet Ifni) is a green lake located in the soil of Toubkal National Park, in the Moroccan Toubkal (commune), deep in the High Atlas mountain range, with a continental climate, and directly overlooked by the highest peak in North Africa, which is the summit of Mount Toubkal. The lake is distinguished by its steep slopes, its location at the end of the valley, its great depth, and its height above sea level, which is about 2,500 meters. It is therefore one of the highest lakes in the world. Its area is about 26 hectares, its length is estimated at 870 meters, and its width is about 490 meters. with a discharge rate of 300 meters per second, and a depth exceeding 30 meters.

Toubkal National Park
Toubkal National Park is a national park in the High Atlas mountain range, 70 kilometres from Marrakesh in central-western Morocco. Established in 1942, it covers an area of 380 km2. Jbel Toubkal is the highest peak of the park at 4,167 metres.
1959–60 FIBA European Champions Cup
The 1959–60 FIBA European Champions Cup was third season of the European top-tier level professional basketball club competition FIBA European Champions Cup (now called EuroLeague). It was won by Rīgas ASK for the third straight time, an accomplishment only achieved again by Jugoplastika in the late 1980s, in 1989–1991. In the EuroLeague Finals, Riga defeated the Soviet Union League club, Dinamo Tbilisi, in both final games (51–61 & 62–69). Riga defeated Slovan Orbis Prague in the semifinals, and AŠK Olimpija in the quarterfinals.

European professional club basketball system
Professional men's basketball clubs in Europe can compete in a number of different competitions, including national leagues, regional (multi-national) leagues, and continental competitions. It is therefore possible for clubs from some countries to take part in several levels of competition in the same season. Clubs usually qualify for European competitions through performance in their national or regional leagues, with the exception of wild cards.
Old Pattonsburg, Missouri
Old Pattonsburg is an ghost town in Daviess County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.

Old Pattonsburg was the original location of the nearby city of Pattonsburg, Missouri.  "New" Pattonsburg was moved to its current site after the Flood of 1993 from the Grand River devastated the original town.

Grand River (Missouri)
The Grand River is a river that stretches from northernmost tributary origins between Creston and Winterset in Iowa approximately 226 miles (364 km) to its mouth on the Missouri River near Brunswick, Missouri.

Its watershed of 7,900 square miles (20,000 km2), with three-quarters in Missouri, makes it the largest watershed serving the Missouri River in northern Missouri.
Maxon Universal
Maxon Universal is the third studio album by the Croatian hip hop / rap rock band The Beat Fleet. The album was released in July 2004.

The album was met with critical acclaim, and it won five Porin Awards in 2005, including Best Rock Album and Song of the Year (for "Nostalgična"). In a 2011 critics' poll compiled by tportal.hr, Maxon Universal was voted top Croatian album of the decade.

Rap rock
Rap rock is a music genre that developed from the early to mid-1980s, when hip hop DJs incorporated rock records into their routines and rappers began incorporating original and sampled rock instrumentation into hip hop music. Rap rock is considered to be rock music in which lyrics are rapped, rather than sung. The genre achieved its greatest success in the late 1990s and early 2000s.
His Honor, Homer Bell
His Honor, Homer Bell is a half-hour filmed American sitcom series made by NBC Films for first-run syndication. It starred Gene Lockhart in the title role. Thirty-nine episodes were produced by NBC in 1955. The first station that aired the series was KCOP-TV in Los Angeles, starting February 24, 1955. Station WJAC-TV in Johnstown, Pennsylvania was still running it as late as January 1961.

Gene Lockhart
Edwin Eugene Lockhart (July 18, 1891 – March 31, 1957) was a Canadian-American character actor, playwright, singer, and lyricist. He appeared in over 300 films, and received an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor for his role as Regis in Algiers (1938), the American remake of Pépé le Moko.
Howard Scipio
Howard Scipio (December 2, 1921 – April 30, 2001) was an American politician who served in the Connecticut House of Representatives from the 93rd district from 1993 until his death in 2001.

Scipio died of leukemia on April 30, 2001, in New Haven, Connecticut at the age of 79.

Connecticut House of Representatives
The Connecticut House of Representatives is the lower house in the Connecticut General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Connecticut. The house is composed of 151 members representing an equal number of districts, with each constituency containing nearly 22,600 residents. Representatives are elected to two-year terms with no term limits.
The House convenes within the Connecticut State Capitol in Hartford.
Timo Simonlatser
Timo Simonlatser (born 17 May 1986) is an Estonian cross-country skier who has competed since 2005. He finished 27th in the individual sprint at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver.

Simonlatser's best finish at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships was 24th in the individual sprint event at Sapporo in 2007.

His best World Cup finish was seventh in a team sprint event at Russia in January 2010 while his best individual finish was 12th three times since 2008.

FIS Nordic World Ski Championships
The FIS Nordic World Ski Championships is a biennial Nordic skiing event organized by the International Ski Federation (FIS). The World Championships was started in 1924 for men and opened for women's participation in 1954. World Championship events include Nordic skiing's three disciplines: cross-country skiing, ski jumping, and Nordic combined (the latter being a combination sport consisting of both cross-country and ski jumping). The Winter Olympics from 1924 to 1980 were also the Nordic World Ski Championships. This meant that the Olympic champions were also World champions and received an additional medal from the International Ski Federation (FIS). Since 1985, the World Championships have been held in odd-numbered years.
Asian Trekking
Asian Trekking is a Nepal-based adventure company, specializing in mountaineering expeditions and trekking in the Himalayas. Started in 1982 by UIAA Honorary Member Ang Tshering Sherpa, it is Nepal's oldest mountaineering and trekking company still in operation. In 2008, Tshering's son Dawa Steven Sherpa, an environmentalist and mountaineer, took leadership of the company.

Asian Trekking offers expedition support services. According to the Himalayan Database, Asian Trekking has organized 889 mountaineering expeditions in Nepal and Tibet, including 284 expeditions on Mount Everest.

Dawa Steven Sherpa
Dawa Steven Sherpa (Nepali: दावा स्टेभन शेर्पा) is a Nepalese Sherpa adventurer, entrepreneur and environmentalist, known for his contributions to mountaineering, environmental conservation, and social welfare in Nepal.
André Lysenstøen
André Lysenstøen (born 27 October 1988) is a Norwegian ice hockey coach and former professional ice hockey goaltender. He has served as head coach of the Norwegian women's national ice hockey team since 2023. During his goaltending career, Lysenstøen played in the Norwegian Eliteserien with Lillehammer IK, the Stavanger Oilers, and Manglerud Star, and in the Finnish Mestis with HeKi.

Stavanger Oilers
Stavanger Ishockeyklubb, commonly referred to as the Stavanger Oilers, is a Norwegian professional ice hockey team based in Stavanger, Norway. They currently play in the Fjordkraftligaen, which is the top division in Norwegian ice hockey. As of 2023, it is the only team in the league from western Norway. The Oilers play their home matches in DNB Arena.
Probasco-Dittmar Farmstead
The Probasco-Dittmar Farmstead, also known as Duck Hollow Farm since the 1950s, is a historic farmstead in Colts Neck Township, in Monmouth County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The farmstead consists of the main dwelling house and 16 outbuildings, 4 of which are historic while the remainder were added between the 1950s through the 1990s, and are not considered to be contributing properties. The farm complex showcases Dutch influence and slavery in colonial New Jersey farm life. The house is one of only a few remaining eighteenth century houses in Monmouth County that have a two-story, heavy timber Dutch frame. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since February 1, 2006.

Farmstead
A farmstead refers to the buildings and service areas associated with a farm. It consists of the farmhouse along with the surrounding buildings. The characteristics of a specific farmstead reflect the local landscape, which provides their environmental context. Some farmsteads have additional outlying field barns and outfarms somewhat further afield than the main cluster of buildings at the farmstead.
Namyangju massacre
The Namyangju massacre (Korean: 남양주 민간인학살, Hanja: 南楊州民間人虐殺 Namyangju civilian massacre) was a war crime conducted by South Korean police and local militia forces between October 1950 and early 1951 in Namyangju, Gyeonggi-do district of South Korea. More than 460 people were summarily executed, including at least 23 children under the age of 10. After the victory of the Second Battle of Seoul, South Korean authorities arrested and summarily executed several individuals along with their families on suspicion of sympathizing with North Korea. During the massacre, South Korean Police conducted the Goyang Geumjeong Cave massacre in Goyang near Namyangju.

On 22 May 2008, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission demanded that the South Korean government apologize for the massacre and support a memorial service for the victims.

Gyeonggi Province
Gyeonggi Province (Korean: 경기도; RR: Gyeonggi-do, Korean pronunciation: [kjʌ̹ŋ.ɡi.do̞]) is the most populous province in South Korea.

Seoul, the nation's largest city and capital, is in the heart of the area but has been separately administered as a provincial-level special city since 1946. Incheon, the nation's third-largest city, is on the coast of the province and has been similarly administered as a provincial-level metropolitan city since 1981. The three jurisdictions are collectively referred to as Sudogwon and cover 11,730 km2 (4,530 sq mi), with a combined population of over 26 million - amounting to over half (50.25%) of the entire population of South Korea, and a third of the population of the Korean peninsula at the 2020 census.
Nigel Ellsay
Nigel Ellsay (born 30 April 1994 in Courtenay, British Columbia) is a Canadian former professional cyclist, who rode professionally between 2015 and 2020, for the Silber Pro Cycling Team and Rally Cycling teams. In 2018, Ellsay won bronze at the Canadian National Road Race Championships.

Human Powered Health (men's team)
Human Powered Health (UCI team code: HPM) was a UCI ProTeam cycling team, based in the United States. Notable riders who have previously ridden for the team include Ben King, Chad Haga, Carter Jones, Phil Gaimon, Michael Woods, David Veilleux, Matthew Busche, Ryan Anderson, Mike Creed, Mike Friedman and Sepp Kuss.
Finlay MacDonald (MP)
Finlay MacDonald (17 November 1866 – 29 May 1948) was a Conservative member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Port Hawkesbury, Nova Scotia and became a barrister.

The son of Malcolm MacDonald and Sarah Cantwell, MacDonald attended St. Francis Xavier College then Dalhousie University in Nova Scotia, earning a Bachelor of Laws degree. From 1906 to 1925 he was a city solicitor for Sydney, Nova Scotia. He was also appointed a King's Counsel.

He was first elected to Parliament at the Cape Breton South riding in the 1925 general election then re-elected there in 1926 and 1930. MacDonald was defeated in the 1935 federal election by David James Hartigan of the Liberals.

He died in 1948 at Sydney.

His son, also named Finlay MacDonald, a Halifax broadcasting executive, would run unsuccessfully for the House of Commons in the riding of Halifax in the 1963 federal election, and would eventually be appointed to the Canadian Senate by then-Prime Minister Brian Mulroney in 1984.

1930 Canadian federal election
The 1930 Canadian federal election was held on July 28, 1930, to elect members  of the House of Commons of the 17th Parliament of Canada. Richard Bedford Bennett's Conservative Party won a majority government, defeating the Liberal Party led by Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King. 3,922,481 votes were cast in this election.
Fritz Frauenheim
Fritz Frauenheim (9 January 1912 – 28 September 1969) was a German U-boat commander of the Second World War. From September 1939 until retiring from front line service in December 1940, he sank 19 ships for a total of 78,853 gross register tons (GRT), and damaged two others. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross of Nazi Germany.

Kapitänleutnant
Kapitänleutnant, short: KptLt/in lists: KL, (English: captain lieutenant or lieutenant captain) is an officer grade of the captains' military hierarchy group (German: Hauptleute) of the modern German Bundeswehr. The rank is rated OF-2 in NATO, and equivalent to Hauptmann in the Heer and Luftwaffe. It is grade A11 or A12 in the pay rules of the Federal Ministry of Defence.

The rank first appeared in the German Empire and continued in use through the Weimar Republic and into the Third Reich.