hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Roman–Latin wars
The Roman–Latin wars were a series of wars fought between ancient Rome (including both the Roman Kingdom and the Roman Republic) and the Latins, from the earliest stages of the history of Rome until the final subjugation of the Latins to Rome in the aftermath of the Latin War.

Tusculum
Tusculum was an ancient Roman city in the Alban Hills, in the Latium region of Italy. Tusculum was most famous in Roman times for the many great and luxurious patrician country villas sited close to the city, yet a comfortable distance from Rome, notably the villas of Cicero and Lucullus.
Wolfgang Baldus
Wolfgang Baldus (born 1954) is a German graphic designer, artist, and philatelic writer. He is known for authoring and publishing books on cinderella stamps in the series History and Background Stories of Unusual Stamps and for his works on the philatelic forgeries and propaganda parodies produced by both sides during the First and Second World Wars.

Graphic designer
A graphic designer is a practitioner who follows the discipline of graphic design, either within companies or organizations or independently. They are professionals in design and visual communication, with their primary focus on transforming linguistic messages into graphic manifestations, whether tangible or intangible. They are responsible for planning, designing, projecting, and conveying messages or ideas through visual communication. Graphic design is one of the most in-demand professions with significant job opportunities, as it allows leveraging technological advancements and working online from anywhere in the world.
Nameless Lake (Manitoulin District)
Nameless Lake is a small, spring-fed endorheic lake on Manitoulin Island in Lake Huron approximately 8.5 kilometres (5.3 mi) south of the town of Gore Bay in the municipality of Gordon/Barrie Island, Manitoulin District in Northeastern Ontario, Canada. It is approximately 2 kilometres (1 mi) long and over 15 metres (49 ft) deep in some locations, with no public access.  It is the only lake on Manitoulin Island that prohibits all gasoline-powered craft.

Manitoulin District
Manitoulin District is a district in Northeastern Ontario within the Canadian province of Ontario. It was created in 1888 from part of the Algoma District. The district seat is in Gore Bay.

It comprises Manitoulin Island primarily, as well as a number of smaller islands surrounding it, such as Barrie, Cockburn, and Great La Cloche islands. Previously it included the municipality of Killarney on the mainland, until this was transferred to Sudbury District in the late 1990s. Subsequently, more mainland portions were added to Killarney and these, together with Unorganized Mainland Manitoulin District, were also transferred to Sudbury District in 2006, about 1,600 square kilometres (600 sq mi) in all.
Pyropia cinnamomea
Pyropiacinnamomea is a red alga species in the genus Pyropia, known from New Zealand. It is monostromatic, monoecious, and grows in the intertidal zone, predominantly on rock substrata. With P. coleana, P. rakiura and P. virididentata, they can be distinguished by morphology (such as the microscopic arrangement of cells along their thallus margin, their thallus shape, size and colour), as well as geographical, ecological and seasonal distribution patterns, and importantly, chromosome numbers, which in this species n = 3. Finally, these four species are distinguished by a particular nucleotide sequence at the 18S rDNA locus.

Species distribution
Species distribution, or species dispersion, is the manner in which a biological taxon is spatially arranged. The geographic limits of a particular taxon's distribution is its range, often represented as shaded areas on a map. Patterns of distribution change depending on the scale at which they are viewed, from the arrangement of individuals within a small family unit, to patterns within a population, or the distribution of the entire species as a whole (range). Species distribution is not to be confused with dispersal, which is the movement of individuals away from their region of origin or from a population center of high density.
John Drinkwater (playwright)
John Drinkwater (1 June 1882 – 25 March 1937) was an English poet and dramatist. He was known before World War 1 (also known as the Great War or WW1) as one of the Dymock poets, and his poetry was included in all five volumes of Georgian Poetry (edited by Edward Marsh, 1912–1922). After World War I, he achieved fame as a playwright and became closely associated with Birmingham Repertory Theatre.

Edward Marsh (polymath)
Sir Edward Howard Marsh KCVO CB CMG (18 November 1872 – 13 January 1953) was a British polymath, translator, arts patron and civil servant. He was the sponsor of the Georgian school of poets and a friend to many poets, including Rupert Brooke and Siegfried Sassoon. In his career as a civil servant he worked as private secretary to a succession of the United Kingdom's most powerful ministers, particularly Winston Churchill.  He was a discreet but influential figure within Britain's homosexual community.
Ferrari 248 F1
The Ferrari 248 F1 is a Formula One car, used by Ferrari for the 2006 season. The chassis was designed by Rory Byrne, Simone Resta, Aldo Costa, Tiziano Battistini, Marco Fainello, John Iley and Marco de Luca with Ross Brawn playing a vital role in leading the production of the car as the team's Technical Director and Paolo Martinelli assisted by Giles Simon (engine design and development) and Mattia Binotto (engine operations).

Simone Resta
Simone Resta (born 14 September 1970) is an Italian engineer who currently works as the Deputy Technical Director for Mercedes-AMG F1 Team. He previously worked at Scuderia Ferrari from 2001 to 2018, and from 2019 to 2020, as a senior design engineer, head of the R&D department, deputy chief design director and from 2014 to 2018, as Chief Designer, and later for Haas F1 Team as the technical director from 2021 to 2024.
Mo Huilan
Mo Huilan (simplified Chinese: 莫慧兰; traditional Chinese: 莫慧蘭; pinyin: Mò Huìlán; born 19 July 1979 in Guilin, Guangxi) is a retired Chinese gymnast who competed at the 1996 Olympic Games in Atlanta. She was one of China's most successful gymnasts in the 1990s. She was known for performing routines of exceptional difficulty and technique, but also for inconsistency.

Her birth date has been reported in various events as July 19 and November 7; it is unclear which is correct. She is a fraternal twin; her sister Mo Huifang was also a gymnast.

Leroy Anderson
Leroy Anderson (/ləˈrɔɪ/ lə-ROY; June 29, 1908 – May 18, 1975) was an American composer of short, light concert pieces, many of which were introduced by the Boston Pops Orchestra under the direction of Arthur Fiedler. John Williams described him as "one of the great American masters of light orchestral music."
Robert Joy
Robert Joy (born August 17, 1951) is a Canadian actor. He is best known for his role as medical examiner Sid Hammerback on the police procedural series CSI: NY, and his appearances in the films Atlantic City (1980), Ragtime (1981), Desperately Seeking Susan (1985), Land of the Dead (2005), and The Hills Have Eyes (2006). He is a two-time Genie Award nominee for Best Supporting Actor; for Atlantic City and Whole New Thing.

Joy has also worked extensively on the stage, particularly in Shakespearean productions, in both Canada and the United States. Earlier in his career, he was closely affiliated with Newfoundland comedy troupe CODCO.

Ragtime (film)
Ragtime is a 1981 American drama film directed by Miloš Forman, based on the 1975 historical novel Ragtime by E. L. Doctorow. It is set in and around New York City at the start of the 20th century, New Rochelle, and Atlantic City, and includes fictionalized references to actual people and events of the time. The film stars James Cagney, Mary Steenburgen, Howard Rollins, Brad Dourif, James Olson and Elizabeth McGovern.

Ragtime featured Cagney's and Pat O'Brien's final film appearances, as well as early roles for Jeff Daniels (his film debut), Fran Drescher, Samuel L. Jackson, Ethan Phillips, and John Ratzenberger.
Leigh Rural District
Leigh Rural District was, from 1894 to 1933, a rural district of the administrative county of Lancashire, in northwest England. It spanned a rural area outlying from the town Leigh.

It was created based on the rural sanitary district and consisted of the civil parishes of Astley, Culcheth, Kenyon and Lowton.  The district was abolished in 1933 under a County Review Order.  The parishes of Kenyon, Lowton and part of Culcheth went to the Golborne urban district, Astley was added to Tyldesley Urban District, and the remainder of Culcheth parish became part of the parish of Croft in Warrington Rural District.

Since 1974 the parishes of Croft and Culcheth and Glazebury form part of the borough of Warrington and the rest are part of the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan.

Lowton
Lowton is a village within the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan, in Greater Manchester, England. It is around 2 miles (3 km) from Leigh, 7 miles (11 km) south of Wigan and 12 miles (19 km) west of Manchester city centre. The settlement lies across the A580 East Lancashire Road.

Within the boundaries of the historic county of Lancashire, Lowton's history is closely connected with Byrom Manor, the ancestral home of the Byroms, a family which included poet John Byrom, the inventor of a system of shorthand. During the Industrial Revolution Lowton was associated with coal mining and manufacturing: it was close to several collieries and factories.

At the 2011 census, the population of Lowton was split between two wards: Lowton East, and Golborne and Lowton West. The latter partially counted the entire population of Golborne, and partially the population of Lowton's western half, with the boundary between them roughly being at Scott Road to the north and Windsor Road to the south.
Tachibana Muneshige
Tachibana Muneshige (立花宗茂; December 18, 1567 – November 15, 1643) was a Japanese samurai in the Azuchi–Momoyama and Edo-periods. He was the daimyo of Yanagawa Domain from 1587 to 1600 and from 1620 to 1638 and the daimyo of Tanagura Domain from 1606 to 1620. He was the head of the Tachibana clan.

Tokugawa Hidetada
Tokugawa Hidetada (徳川 秀忠; 2 May 1579 – 14 March 1632) was a Japanese samurai, daimyo and the second shōgun of the Tokugawa dynasty, who ruled from 1605 until his abdication in 1623. He was the third son of Tokugawa Ieyasu. Through his daughter Tokugawa Masako, he was also the maternal grandfather of Empress Meishō.
French impressionist cinema
French impressionist cinema (also known as first avant-garde or narrative avant-garde) refers to a group of French films and filmmakers of the 1920s.

Film scholars have had much difficulty in defining this movement or for that matter deciding whether it should be considered a movement at all. David Bordwell has attempted to define a unified stylistic paradigm and set of tenets. Others, namely Richard Abel, criticize these attempts and group the films and filmmakers more loosely, based on a common goal of "exploration of the process of representation and signification in narrative film discourse." Still others such as Dudley Andrew would struggle with awarding any credibility at all as "movement".

Richard Abel (cultural historian)
Richard Abel is Professor Emeritus of International Film and Media in the Department of Film, Television, and Media at the University of Michigan. He is a specialist in the history of silent film and pioneered the academic study of French silent film in the United States. Abel has authored numerous books and articles on a wide variety of topics including the rise and eclipse of French cinema, the early history of the U.S. cinema industry, early film exhibition, the emergence of film culture in newspapers, the contributions of early women writers and critics, and, more recently, the role of early westerns in re-enacting settler colonialism.
Xanthoparmelia duplicata
Xanthoparmelia duplicata is a species of terricolous (ground-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Found in South Africa, it was formally described as a new species in 1986 by the American lichenologist Mason Hale. The type specimen was collected from Cape Province at an elevation of about 200 m (660 ft), where it was found in a pasture, growing on the soil over quartzite pebbles. It contains several secondary metabolites (lichen products): protocetraric acid, 4-O-demethylbarbatic acid, usnic acid, skyrin, and an unnamed substance related to diffractaic acid.

Cape Province
The Province of the Cape of Good Hope (Afrikaans: Provinsie Kaap die Goeie Hoop), commonly referred to as "the Cape Province" (Afrikaans: Kaapprovinsie) and colloquially as "The Cape" (Afrikaans: Die Kaap), was a province in the Union of South Africa and subsequently the Republic of South Africa. It encompassed the old Cape Colony, as well as Walvis Bay, and had Cape Town as its capital. In 1994, the Cape Province was divided into the new Eastern Cape, Northern Cape and Western Cape provinces, along with part of the North West.
Love Is for Suckers
Love Is for Suckers is the fifth studio album by the American heavy metal band Twisted Sister. It was released by Atlantic Records on July 3, 1987. It was the band's last album before their breakup and subsequent reunion and release of Still Hungry in 2004. It is also their last album to be composed of entirely new, original material.

Beau Hill
Beau Hill is an American record producer who is best known for his work with Ratt, Alice Cooper, Kix, Winger, Streets, Warrant, Fiona, and Europe. He also played instruments and sang backing vocals for some of the artists that he produced, as well as for his own bands Airborne (which had a record released in 1979 on Columbia), and Shanghai, who both released albums in the early 1980s. Hill was one of the founding partners of Interscope Records.
Beznau Nuclear Power Plant
The Beznau nuclear power plant (German: Kernkraftwerk Beznau [KKB]) is a nuclear power plant of the Swiss energy utility Axpo, located in the municipality Döttingen, Canton of Aargau, Switzerland, on an artificial island in the Aare river. The plant has been operating since September 1969.

Aargau
Aargau (/ˈɑːrɡaʊ/ AR-gow, Swiss Standard German: [ˈaːrɡaʊ] ⓘ), more formally the Canton of Aargau (German: Kanton Aargau; Romansh: Chantun Argovia; French: Canton d'Argovie; Italian: Canton Argovia), is one of the 26 cantons forming the Swiss Confederation. It is composed of eleven districts and its capital is Aarau.

Aargau is one of the most northerly cantons of Switzerland, by the lower course of the Aare River, which is why it is called Aar-gau ("Aare province"). It is one of the most densely populated regions of Switzerland.
Rush (2013 soundtrack)
Rush is the soundtrack to the film of the same name, released on 10 September 10 2013. The soundtrack features a musical score composed and arranged by Hans Zimmer, plus five classic rock songs by Dave Edmunds, Steve Winwood, Mud, Thin Lizzy, and David Bowie.

Rush (2013 film)
Rush is a 2013 biographical sports film directed by Ron Howard and written by Peter Morgan. It is centred on the rivalry between two Formula One drivers, James Hunt and Niki Lauda, during the 1976 Formula One season. The film stars Chris Hemsworth as Hunt and Daniel Brühl as Lauda.

The film premiered in London on 2 September 2013 and was shown at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival before its United Kingdom release on 13 September 2013. The film received positive reviews from critics for Hemsworth and Brühl's performances, Howard's direction, the racing sequences, and Hans Zimmer's musical score.
Michael L. Gross (ethicist)
Michael L. Gross (Hebrew: מיכאל גרוס; born 1954) is a political ethicist and professor of political science at the University of Haifa where he is Chair of the Division of International Relations.

He is the author of Bioethics and Armed Conflict, the first comprehensive study of medical ethics in conventional, unconventional, and low-intensity war which examines the dilemmas that arise when bioethical principles clash with military necessity. His contention is that medical ethics in time of war cannot be identical to medical ethics in peacetime. He is also the author of Moral Dilemmas of Modern War: Torture, Assassination, and Blackmail in an Age of Asymmetric Conflict (2010), Cambridge University Press, a wide-ranging study of military ethics, terrorism, modern weaponry and civilian immunity in contemporary armed conflict.

Non-combatant
In the law of war and international humanitarian law, a non-combatant is a person who is not or is no longer actively participating in hostilities. This includes civilians; people such as combat medics and military chaplains, who are members of the belligerent armed forces but are protected because of their specific duties; combatants who are hors de combat; and neutral persons, such as peacekeepers, who are not involved in fighting for one of the belligerents involved in a war. This particular status was first recognized under the First Geneva Convention of 1864.

Under international humanitarian law, certain non-combatants are classified as protected persons, who are to be protected under laws applicable to international armed conflict at all times.
Babb Airport
Babb Airport (FAA LID: 49S) is a public use airport in Glacier County, Montana, United States. It is owned by the Blackfeet Nation and located one nautical mile (2 km) southeast of the central business district of Babb, Montana, a community on the Blackfeet Indian Reservation.

Babb, Montana
Babb is an unincorporated farming and ranching community in Glacier County, Montana, United States, on the Blackfeet Indian Reservation. The community experiences a large influx of tourists in the summer months as it is the gateway to the Many Glacier area of Glacier National Park. For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau has defined Babb as a census-designated place (CDP). It had a population of 174 at the 2010 census.

Community infrastructure includes one school (Babb Elementary School), a U.S. Post Office, a fire station that houses the Babb/St. Mary Volunteer Fire Department, Thronson's General Store and Motel, several restaurants, two churches, and a gas station. Alcohol is not sold in Babb.
Oyster Bay (Puget Sound)
Oyster Bay is an inlet in southern Puget Sound which branches off from Totten Inlet. The bay spans Mason and Thurston counties, in the U.S. state of Washington. Kennedy Creek empties into the bay at the U.S. Highway 101 overpass.

Oyster Bay was named for the oyster industry it supports. The bay is the site of one of only four oyster reserves in Puget Sound where the Olympia oyster grows. Oyster Bay is one of the most productive chum salmon runs in the state with over 40,000 spawners a year, estimated to be two-thirds of the run that would exist without human impacts.

Oyster
Oyster is the common name for a number of different families of salt-water bivalve molluscs that live in marine or brackish habitats. In some species, the valves are highly calcified, and many are somewhat irregular in shape. Many, but not all oysters, are in the superfamily Ostreoidea.

Some species of oyster are commonly consumed and are regarded as a delicacy in some localities. Some types of pearl oysters are harvested for the pearl produced within the mantle. Others, such as the translucent windowpane oysters, are harvested for their shells.
Martignas-sur-Jalle
Martignas-sur-Jalle (French pronunciation: [maʁtiɲas syʁ ʒal]; Occitan: Martinhàs de Jalas) is a commune in the Gironde department, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, southwestern France. It is twinned with Aboyne, a village in Aberdeenshire, Scotland.

Historically, the town is known to have been the theater of the Battle of Martignas, where 500 to 600 longbowmen commanded by John Talbot were slaughtered by the French cavalry commanded by the Duke of Bourbon and the Count of Foix.

Gironde
Gironde (/ʒɪˈrɒnd/ zhih-ROND, US usually /dʒɪˈ-/ jih-; French: [ʒiʁɔ̃d] ⓘ; Occitan: Gironda, pronounced [dʒiˈɾundɔ]) is the largest department in the southwestern French region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine. Named after the Gironde estuary, a major waterway, its prefecture is Bordeaux. In 2019, it had a population of 1,623,749. The famous Bordeaux wine region is in Gironde. It has six arrondissements, making it one of the departments with the most arrondissements (Nord also has six, while Pas-de-Calais has the most of any department, with seven).
All on a Summer's Day
All on a Summer's Day is a 1787 comedy play by the English writer Elizabeth Inchbald. It premiered at the Theatre Royal, Covent Garden in London on 15 December 1787. The original cast included William Thomas Lewis as Wildlove, John Quick as Sir Ralph Mooneye, Francis Aickin as Governor Morton, William Farren as Sir William Carrol, James Fearon as Chrysostom, William Macready as Lord Henley, Ann Brunton Merry as Louisa, Mrs Webb as Mrs Goodly and Henrietta Amelia Leeson as Lady Henrietta.

William Thomas Lewis
William Thomas Lewis (c.1748–1811), known as "Gentleman" Lewis, due to his refined acting style, was an English actor. Raised in Ireland, he made his name on the Dublin stage before moving to the Theatre Royal, Covent Garden in London where he spent many years. He was said to be "the most complete fop on the stage". In later life he went into theatrical management.
Florida State Road 852
State Road 852 (SR 852), locally known as County Line Road and North 215th Street, is a 2.534-mile-long (4.078 km) east-west four lane divided highway straddling the boundary between Broward and Miami-Dade counties in Florida.  The western terminus is an intersection with SR 817 (West 27th Avenue in Miami-Dade County, University Drive in Broward); the eastern terminus is an intersection with U.S. Route 441 (US 441) / SR 7 in Broward County, Northwest 2nd Avenue in Miami-Dade. The state road designation is omitted on many maps, but the street itself is signed by the Florida Department of Transportation.

Florida Department of Transportation
The Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) is a decentralized agency charged with the establishment, maintenance, and regulation of public transportation in the U.S. state of Florida. The department was formed in 1969. It absorbed the powers of the State Road Department (SRD).  The current Secretary of Transportation is Jared W. Perdue.
SaveMLAK
saveMLAK is a wiki designed to coordinate responses to the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, focusing on protecting museums, libraries, archives and kominkans, or community centers. It was started in March 2011, a day after the earthquake and tsunami hit. Makoto Okamoto is the site's founder and main administrator. The wiki runs on the MediaWiki software, along with the extension Semantic MediaWiki.

In December 2011, the wiki had information on  19,500 facilities, 24,300 pages, and about 300 editors who made 101,200 edits.

Semantic MediaWiki
Semantic MediaWiki (SMW) is an extension to MediaWiki that allows for annotating semantic data within wiki pages, thus turning a wiki that incorporates the extension into a semantic wiki. Data that has been encoded can be used in semantic searches, used for aggregation of pages, displayed in formats like maps, calendars and graphs, and exported to the outside world via formats like RDF and CSV.