hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Richard of Hexham
Richard of Hexham (fl. 1141) was an English chronicler. He became prior of Hexham about 1141, and died between 1155 and 1167.

He wrote Brevis Annotatio, a short history of the church of Hexham from 674 to 1138, for which he borrowed from Bede, Eddius and Symeon of Durham. This is published by James Raine in The Priory of Hexham, its Chroniclers, Endowments and Annals (Durham, 1864 to 1865). More important is his Historia de gestis regis Stephani ci de bello Standardii, very valuable for the history of the north of England during the earlier part of the reign of Stephen, and especially for the Battle of the Standard in 1138.

This history, which is a contemporary one, covers the period from the death of Henry I in 1135 to early in 1139. It has been edited for the Rolls Series by Richard Howlett in the Chroniclers of the Reigns of Stephen, Henry II and Richard I, vol. iii. (1886); and has been translated by Joseph Stevenson in the Church Historians of England, vol. iv. (1856).

Stephen of Ripon
Stephen of Ripon was the author of the eighth-century hagiographic text Vita Sancti Wilfrithi ("Life of Saint Wilfrid"). Other names once traditionally attributed to him are Eddius Stephanus or Æddi Stephanus, but these names are no longer preferred or accepted by historians today; modern usage tends to favour "Stephen".
GMERS Medical College and Hospital, Gandhinagar
GMERS Medical College and Hospital, Gandhinagar is a medical college located in Gandhinagar, Gujarat. It was established in 2012. The college imparts the degree Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery (MBBS). Nursing and para-medical courses are also offered. The college is affiliated with Gujarat University. It is recognized by the National Medical Commission. The hospital associated with the college is one of the largest hospitals in the Gandhinagar. The selection to the college is made based on merit through National Eligibility and Entrance Test. Yearly undergraduate student intake is 200.

Gujarat University
The Gujarat University is a public state university located at Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. The university is an affiliating university at the under-graduate level and a teaching university at the post graduate level. It is accredited A+ by NAAC. It was established on 23 November 1949.
Prehistoric Malaysia
The earliest anatomically modern human skeleton in Peninsular Malaysia, Perak Man, dates back 11,000 years and Perak Woman dating back 8,000 years, were both discovered in Lenggong. The site has an undisturbed stone tool production area, created using equipment such as anvils and hammer stones. The Tambun rock art is also situated in Ipoh, Perak. From East Malaysia, Sarawak's Niah Caves, there is evidence of the oldest human remains in Malaysia, dating back 40,000 years.

Tambun rock art
Tambun rock art, is a series of Neolithic-era cave paintings at the Gunung Panjang limestone hill in Tambun, on the outskirts of Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia. The paintings were discovered on a rocky overhang in 1959 by 2/Lt R. L. Rawlings of the 2nd Battalion, 6th Queen Elizabeth's Own Gurkha Rifles. Popularly known as the "Tambun Cave Paintings" (Lukisan Gua Tambun in Malay), the paintings could have been made by the ancestors of the Orang Asli and had spiritual importance. This site should not be confused with Gunung Tambun, another limestone hill that is found several kilometres to the north of Gunung Panjang.
Ryan Donnelly (footballer)
Ryan Donnelly (born 23 October 1991) is a Scottish footballer, who last played for Gartcairn Juniors in the Scottish Junior Football Association, West Region. He first played for Airdrie United and has also played for Brechin City, Albion Rovers and Ayr United.

Scottish Junior Football Association, West Region
The Scottish Junior Football Association, West Region was one of three regions of the SJFA which organised its own distinct league and cup competitions.

The SJFA used to be split into six regions, but in 2002 they decided to reform into three (East, North and West) to try to ensure more games between the top clubs and hence increase their revenues. The region covered an area from Girvan in South Ayrshire to Denny in Central Scotland.

In 2020, the region was abolished, as all 63 clubs in the region decided to depart and join the newly-founded West of Scotland Football League.
Christianity in the 13th century
The Eastern Roman (Byzantine) imperial church headed by Constantinople continued to assert its universal authority. By the 13th century this assertion was becoming increasingly irrelevant as the Eastern Roman Empire shrank and the Ottoman Turks took over most of what was left of the Byzantine Empire (indirectly aided by invasions from the West). The other Eastern European churches in communion with Constantinople were not part of its empire and were increasingly acting independently, achieving autocephalous status and only nominally acknowledging Constantinople's standing in the Church hierarchy. In Western Europe the Holy Roman Empire fragmented making it less of an empire as well.

Pope Gregory IX
Pope Gregory IX (Latin: Gregorius IX; born Ugolino di Conti; 1145 – 22 August 1241) was head of the Catholic Church and the ruler of the Papal States from 19 March 1227 until his death in 1241. He is known for issuing the Decretales and instituting the Papal Inquisition, in response to the failures of the episcopal inquisitions established during the time of Pope Lucius III, by means of the papal bull Ad abolendam, issued in 1184.

He worked initially as a cardinal, and after becoming the successor of Honorius III, he fully inherited the traditions of Gregory VII and of his own cousin Innocent III, and zealously continued their policy of papal supremacy.
Uqhu (Lima)
Uqhu (Quechua for swamp, Hispanicized spelling Uco) or Ukhu (Quechua for deep) is a 5,262-metre-high (17,264 ft) mountain in the Cordillera Central in the Andes of Peru. It is located in the Lima Region, Huarochirí Province, on the border of the districts of San Damian and San Mateo. Uqhu is situated northwest of the mountain named Suyruqucha. A little lake called Suyruqucha lies at its feet.

Department of Lima
Lima (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈlima]; Jaqaru: Nimaja, [niˈmaxa]) is a department of Peru. Located in the country's central coast, it is administered by a regional government based in Huacho, whose jurisdiction does not include the quasi-autonomous special regime of the province of Lima, coterminous with the country's capital, Lima.
State Wide Area Network
A State Wide Area Network (SWAN) is one of the core infrastructure components under the National e-Governance Plan of the Government of India. The main purpose of this network is to create a dedicated Closed User Group (CUG) network and provide a secured and high speed connectivity for Government functioning and connecting State Headquarters, District Headquarters, Blocks Headquarters. The SWAN project, which forms a strategic component of the National eGovernance Plan, was approved in March 2005.

United Telecoms Limited
United Telecoms Limited  is a five decade old diversified business group, one of the first business houses to bring cellular services to the country. UTL pioneered the e-Governance initiative that creates a high-tech interface between the government and its citizens, which has been successfully adopted by many state governments. Today, the footprint extends over 60-plus nations across South Asia, Africa, America and Europe. Telecom R&D is primarily focused on DWDM with a team of 120 engineers.

UTL has a history of executing large DWDM orders for Indian government by winning tenders against major global companies.
Venezuela TPS Act of 2019
The Venezuela TPS Act of 2019 is a bill in the 116th United States Congress sponsored by Rep. Darren Soto (D-FL) and Mario Díaz-Balart (R-FL). It aims to extend temporary protected status to Venezuelan nationals in light of the 2019 Venezuelan presidential crisis and the crisis in Venezuela in general.

The bill was introduced to the House as H.R. 549 on January 15, 2019.

The bill was reintroduced in the 117th congress in 2021 (H.R. 161 and S. 50).

Mario Díaz-Balart
Mario Rafael Díaz-Balart y Caballero (/bəˈlɑːrt/ bə-LART; born September 25, 1961) is an American politician serving as the U.S. representative for Florida's 26th congressional district. A member of the Republican Party, he was elected in 2002, and his district includes much of northwestern Miami-Dade County, including Hialeah, and much of the northern portion of the Everglades.

After Representative Alcee Hastings's death in April 2021, Díaz-Balart became the dean (or longest-serving member) of Florida's congressional delegation.
Compressed file library
A compressed file library (CFL) is designed to work as a virtual file system for programs, especially for video games. By compressing various game resources into one file, it is able to lower the number of file accesses. The resources can also be encrypted in the CFL.

CFL is used by X-Forge, the multi-platform wireless 3D game engine developed by Fathammer Ltd. It is also used by IMVU for its 3D character models and accessories.

Fathammer
Fathammer was a video game publisher and developer based in Finland. They have developed 3 D game SDK, X-Forge, which was provided to Nokia N-gage cell phones, the Tapwave Zodiac, and also the Gizmondo. Fathammer's publishing business was acquired by Telcogames in June 2006, and X-Forge game development environment developed by Fathammer was sold to Acrodea in Japan. Fathammer's largest owners were the investment companies 3i and Nexit Ventures. The Finnish Independence Fund Sitra also invested more than EUR 1 million in the company, which had offices in Helsinki and Seoul, Korea.
Anosizato Andrefana
Anosizato Andrefana is a municipality in Analamanga Region, in the  Central Highlands of Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Antananarivo-Atsimondrano and its population numbers to 26,107 in 2019. The capital city, Antananarivo, lies across the Ikopa River to the east.

National road No.1 crosses Anosizato, making Antananarivo's main gateway to Tsiroanomandidy and Miarinarivo.

Tsiroanomandidy
Tsiroanomandidy [tsiˌrunʷmanˈdidʲ] is a city (commune urbaine) in central-western Madagascar, approximately 210 kilometres west of the capital Antananarivo.

Tsiroanomandidy is the capital of Bongolava Region and of Tsiroanomandidy District. 
Its name means One person only reigns, and comes from the memories of the victory of king Radama I over his rival Ramitraho, King of the Sakalava in 1822.
Michał Gołaś
Michał Gołaś (born 29 April 1984) is a Polish former professional road bicycle racer, who rode professionally between 2007 and 2021 for five different professional teams. Specialising as a domestique, Gołaś took two victories during his professional career – the 2012 Polish National Road Race Championships, and the 2015 Kampioenschap van Vlaanderen.

He now works as a directeur sportif for UCI WorldTeam Team Bahrain Victorious.

Domestique
In road bicycle racing, a domestique is a rider who works for the benefit of their team and leader, rather than trying to win the race. In French, domestique translates as "servant". The use of the term dates back to 1911, although such riders had existed before then.
Elisabeth Bronfen
Elisabeth Bronfen (born 23 April 1958 in Munich) is a Swiss/German/American literary and cultural critic and academic. She is a professor emerita and former chairholder for English literature at the University of Zurich as well as a global distinguished professor at New York University. Her research interests include 19th- and 20th-century American and British literature, gender studies, psychoanalysis as well as the intersection and interaction between different cultural media.

Psychoanalytic literary criticism
Psychoanalytic literary criticism is literary criticism or literary theory that , in method, concept, or form, is influenced by the tradition of psychoanalysis begun by Sigmund Freud.

Psychoanalytic reading has been practiced since the early development of psychoanalysis itself, and has developed into a heterogeneous interpretive tradition. As Celine Surprenant writes, "Psychoanalytic literary criticism does not constitute a unified field. However, all variants endorse, at least to a certain degree, the idea that literature ... is fundamentally entwined with the psyche."

Psychoanalytic criticism views artists, including authors, as neurotic. However, an artist escapes many of the outward manifestations and end results of neurosis by finding in the act of creating their art a pathway back to sanity and wholeness.
Pavel Sukhov
Pavel Vladislavovich Sukhov (Russian: Павел Владиславович Сухов, IPA: [ˈpavʲɪl ˈsuxəf]; born 7 May 1988) is a Russian right-handed épée fencer.

Sukhov is a two-time team European champion and 2012 individual European champion. A three-time Olympian, he is a 2021 team Olympic silver medalist. Sukhov competed in the 2012 London Olympic Games, the 2016 Rio de Janeiro Olympic Games, and the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games.

Épée
The épée (/ˈɛpeɪ, ˈeɪ-/, French: [epe]; lit. 'sword'), also rendered as epee in English, is the largest and heaviest of the three weapons used in the sport of fencing. The modern épée derives from the 19th-century épée de combat, a weapon which itself derives from the French small sword.

As a thrusting weapon, the épée is similar to a foil (contrasted with a sabre, which is designed for slashing). It has a stiffer blade than a foil. It is triangular in cross-section with a V-shaped groove called a fuller. The épée also has a larger bell guard designed to protect the user’s arm. In addition to the larger "bell" guard and blade, the épée weighs more than the foil and sabre which contributes to its reputation of being the slowest form of fencing. The techniques of use differ, as there are no rules regarding priority and a lack of right of way. Thus, immediate counterattacks are a common feature of épée fencing. The entire body is a valid target area.
Ernesto Núñez Aguilar
Ernesto Núñez Aguilar (born 28 February 1979) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the Ecologist Green Party of Mexico (PVEM).

In the 2012 general election he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies 
to represent Michoacán's tenth district during the 
62nd session of Congress. He returned to Congress in the 2024 general election to represent the state's eighth district during the 66th session.

2012 Mexican general election
General elections were held in Mexico on Sunday, 1 July 2012. Voters went to the polls to elect a new President of the Republic to serve a six-year term, replacing Felipe Calderón, 500 members of the Chamber of Deputies and 128 members of the Mexican Senate.

Several local ballots were held on the same day, including the election of a new Head of Government and new Legislative Assembly of the Federal District, gubernatorial elections in six states (Chiapas, Guanajuato, Jalisco, Morelos, Tabasco and Yucatán) and municipal and local congressional elections several states.
2023 UCI ProSeries
The 2023 UCI ProSeries was the fourth season of the UCI ProSeries, the second tier road cycling tour, below the UCI World Tour, but above the various regional UCI Continental Circuits.

The calendar consisted of 57 events, of which 33 were one-day races (1.Pro), and 24 were stage races (2.Pro). There were 49 events in Europe, six in Asia, one in the United States, and one in Argentina.

UCI World Tour
The UCI WorldTour is the premier men's elite road cycling tour, sitting above the UCI ProSeries and various regional UCI Continental Circuits. It refers to both the tour of 38 events and, until 2019, an annual ranking system  based upon performances in these. The World Ranking was launched in 2009, (known from 2009–2010 as the UCI World Ranking) and merged fully with its predecessor the UCI ProTour in 2011. UCI WorldTeams must compete at all events that were part of the tour prior to the 2017 expansion.
Gentleman's Diary
Gentleman's Diary or The Mathematical Repository was (a supplement to) an almanac published at the end of the 18th century in England,  including mathematical problems.

The supplement was also known as: "The mathematical repository: an almanack" or "A Collection of mathematical problems and ænigmas".

Mathematical problem
A mathematical problem is a problem that can be represented, analyzed, and possibly solved, with the methods of mathematics. This can be a real-world problem, such as computing the orbits of the planets in the Solar System, or a problem of a more abstract nature, such as Hilbert's problems. It can also be a problem referring to the nature of mathematics itself, such as Russell's Paradox.
Lizhuang, Yibin
Lizhuang (李庄镇) is a historic town in Yibin, Sichuan Province, China.

Lizhuang was first established 1,800 years ago, although the present town was built during the Ming dynasty.

Lizhuang contains numerous preserved old streets and historic structure, including palaces and temples in classical styles, traditional courtyards, and narrow streets paved with blue stones.  Lizhuang also contains many old temples and ancestral halls.

Yuwang Temple is a famous temple in Lizhuang and contains a large stone carving of nine dragons.

Other notable site is the main hall of the 200-year-old Ancestral Hall of the Zhang Family with 100 carved red-crowned cranes.

Lizhuang is famous for its role during the Second Sino-Japanese War.  In 1937, after the Japanese launched a full-scale invasion of China, many academic institutions were forced to evacuate cities under attack, such as Shanghai and Beijing, and many of them relocated to the inland town of Lizhuang, including Tongji University.

Yibin
Yibin (simplified Chinese: 宜宾; traditional Chinese: 宜賓; pinyin: Yíbīn; Wade–Giles: I-pin; Sichuanese Pinyin: ȵi2bin1; Sichuanese pronunciation: [ɲi˨˩pin˥]) is a prefecture-level city in the southeastern part of Sichuan province, China, located at the junction of the Min and Yangtze Rivers. Its population was 4,588,804 inhabitants, according to the 2020 census, of whom 2,158,312 lived in the built-up area comprising three urban districts.
Phyllonorycter sorbi
Phyllonorycter sorbi is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from all of Europe, except the Balkan Peninsula.

They have a wingspan of 7–9 mm and body length of 7–8.5 mm. The forewing has four costal and three dorsal white stripes, the inner part has a dark brown border. There is a narrow band at the base of the wing. The pupa is 2.5–3.5 mm long, the cremaster is trapezoidal. P. sorbi, P. oxyacanthae and P. mespilella cannot be reliably separated without genitalia dissection.

There are two generations per year with adults on wing in April and May and again in August.

The larvae feed on Cotoneaster integerrimus, Crataegus, Cydonia, Malus sylvestris, Prunus avium, Prunus padus, Pyrus communis, Sorbus aria, Sorbus aucuparia, Sorbus chamaemespilus, Sorbus domestica, Sorbus intermedia and Sorbus torminalis. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

Chamaemespilus
Chamaemespilus is a genus of shrubs in the family Rosaceae. It is monotypic, being represented by the single species Chamaemespilus alpina, commonly known as false medlar or dwarf whitebeam. It is native to the mountains of central and southern Europe, from the Pyrenees east through the Alps to the Carpathians and the Balkans, growing at elevations of up to 2500 m.
Hodthorpe and Belph
Hodthorpe and Belph is a civil parish within the Bolsover district, of the county of Derbyshire, England. The parish includes the village of Hodthorpe and the hamlet of Belph. In 2011 the parish had a population of 663. It is 132 miles north west of London, 27 miles north east of the county city of Derby, and 5 miles north east of the market town of Bolsover. The parish touches Welbeck, Whitwell, Elmton with Creswell and Holbeck, and is the easternmost in Derbyshire. There is one listed building in Hodthorpe and Belph.

Robin Hood Line
The Robin Hood Line is a railway line running from Nottingham to Worksop, Nottinghamshire, in England. The stations between Shirebrook and Whitwell (inclusive) are in the county of Derbyshire.

Passenger services are operated by East Midlands Railway.  The line in its present form opened to passengers in stages between 1993 and 1998.  Following the Beeching cuts of the 1960s, the line had been freight-only.  The cuts had left Mansfield as one of the largest towns in Britain without a railway station.
Leinster (Province of Canada electoral district)
Leinster was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly of the Parliament of the Province of Canada, in Canada East, west of Montreal.  It was created in 1841, and was based on the previous electoral districts of l'Assomption and La Chesnaye (or Lachenaie) in the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada. It was represented by one member in the Legislative Assembly.

The electoral district was abolished in 1854, as part of the expansion and redistribution of electoral districts that came into force that year.

Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada
The Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada was the lower house of the bicameral structure of provincial government in Lower Canada until 1838. The legislative assembly was created by the Constitutional Act of 1791. The lower house consisted of elected legislative councilors who created bills to be passed up to the Legislative Council of Lower Canada, whose members were appointed by the governor general.

Following the Lower Canada Rebellion, the lower house was dissolved on March 27, 1838, and Lower Canada was administered by an appointed Special Council. With the Act of Union in 1840, a new lower chamber, the Legislative Assembly of Canada, was created for both Upper and Lower Canada which existed  until 1867, when the Legislative Assembly of Quebec was created.
Stag Hound
Stag Hound was launched on December 7, 1850, in East Boston, Massachusetts. Designed by shipbuilder Donald McKay for the California trade, she was briefly the largest merchant ship in the world.  She was in active service from 1851 until her total loss in 1861.

Stag Hound was to be the only true extreme clipper built by Donald McKay.  He built many other clippers for speed, but no other clipper hulls were to have the 40" dead rise from half floor that this ship was to have. Many of his other ships are loosely called 'extreme' clippers, but after Stag Hound McKay changed his hull design concept; his yard focused on flat-floored medium clippers masted and sparred for speed up to, and even equal to, an extreme clipper hull.

Extreme clipper
An extreme clipper was a clipper designed to sacrifice cargo capacity for speed. They had a bow lengthened above the water, a drawing out and sharpening of the forward body, and the greatest breadth further aft. In the United States, extreme clippers were built in the period 1845 to 1855. British-built extreme clippers include vessels built over the period 1854 to 1870 (Annandale to e.g. Norman Court).: 173–4, 253
Ishkashim District
Ishkashim District (Dari: ولسوالی اشکاشکم) is one of the 28 districts of Badakhshan province, eastern Afghanistan. The border town of Ishkashim serves as the district's capital. The population of the district is approximately 15,951 residents, majority of whom are believed to be ethnic Tajiks followed by Pashtuns, Uzbeks and others. In addition to Afghanistan's two main languages of Dari and Pashto, the language of Ishkashimi is also spoken in the district by the native people.

Ishkashim District lies between Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in Pakistan and Gorno-Badakhshan in Tajikistan, where there is a settlement with the same name: Ishkoshim. The Wakhan District is to the east. The area fell to the Taliban in July 2021.

Gorno-Badakhshan
38°0′N 73°0′E﻿ / ﻿38.000°N 73.000°E﻿ / 38.000; 73.000

Gorno-Badakhshan, officially the Badakhshan Mountainous Autonomous Region, is an autonomous region in eastern Tajikistan, in the Pamir Mountains. It makes up nearly forty-five percent of the country's land area but only two percent of its population.