hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Russian ironclad Pervenets
The Russian ironclad Pervenets (Russian: Первенец) was a broadside ironclad built for the Imperial Russian Navy in Britain during the 1860s. The ship had to be built abroad as no Russian shipyard had mastered the techniques required to build iron-hulled armored vessels. She was assigned to the Baltic Fleet upon completion and never left Russian waters. Pervenets served with the Gunnery Training Detachment for her entire career until she was reduced to reserve in 1904. She was disarmed and stricken the following year and finally sold in 1908. After the end of the Russian Civil War, the ship was reacquired by the Soviets in 1922 and used to transport and store coal, a role she performed until discarded in the late 1950s. However, she was apparently not scrapped until the early 1960s.

Tumblehome
Tumblehome or tumble home is the narrowing of a hull above the waterline, giving less beam at the level of the main deck. The opposite of tumblehome is flare.

A small amount of tumblehome is normal in many naval architecture designs in order to allow any small projections at deck level to clear wharves.

In automotive design, tumblehome sides taper inward as they go up.  This includes a roof tapering in, and curved window glass.
Canley Vale High School
Canley Vale High School (abbreviated as CVHS) is a government-funded co-educational comprehensive secondary day school, located in Canley Vale, a south-western suburb of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Established in 1965 in an area that once comprised orchards, the school now caters for approximately 1,500 students from Year 7 to Year 12. The school is operated by the New South Wales Department of Education.

Department of Education (New South Wales)
The New South Wales Department of Education, a department of the Government of New South Wales, is responsible for the delivery and co-ordination of early childhood, primary school, secondary school, vocational education, adult, migrant and higher education in the state of New South Wales, Australia.

The department was preceded by the Board of National Education and Council of Education, and has been formerly known by a number of names, including Department of Public Instruction, the Department of Education and Training (DET) between December 1997 and April 2011, and the Department of Education and Communities (DEC) between April 2011 and July 2015.

The department's powers are principally drawn from the Education Act, 1990  (NSW).
2023 KNSB Dutch Single Distance Championships – Men's 500 m
The men's 500 meter at the 2023 KNSB Dutch Single Distance Championships took place in Heerenveen at the Thialf ice skating rink on Friday 3 February 2023. There were 20 participants who raced twice over 500m so that all skaters had to start once in the inner lane and once in the outer lane. Merijn Scheperkamp, Hein Otterspeer, and Dai Dai N'tab qualified for the 2023 ISU World Speed Skating Championships in Heerenveen.

Thialf
Thialf (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈtijɑlf]) is an ice arena in Heerenveen, Netherlands. Thialf is used for long track speed skating, short track speed skating, ice hockey, figure skating, ice speedway, and non-sporting events. The outdoor rink was opened in 1967, and the indoor stadium was opened in 1986. Several world records have been set in the indoor stadium.

Annually, Thialf hosts two Speed Skating World Cup events. Jan de Jong was the ice rink master at Thialf for many years.
Timeline of Asian and Pacific Islander diasporic LGBTQ history
This is a timeline of notable events in the history of non-heterosexual conforming people of Asian and Pacific Islander ancestry, who may identify as LGBTIQGNC (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex, queer, third gender, gender nonconforming), men who have sex with men, or related culturally-specific identities. This timeline includes events both in Asia and the Pacific Islands and in the global Asian and Pacific Islander diaspora, as the histories are very deeply linked. Please note: this is a very incomplete timeline, notably lacking LGBTQ-specific items from the 1800s to 1970s, and should not be used as a research resource until additional material is added.

SALGA NYC
SALGA NYC (South Asian Lesbian and Gay Association of New York City) is a non-profit, all-volunteer organization dedicated to improving the awareness and acceptance of LGBTQ people of South Asian origin in the New York City metropolitan area. The organization concentrates on providing cultural visibility for community members and opposing oppression and discrimination in the LGBTQ, South Asian, and intersectional communities. This includes leadership development, multi-generational support, immigration advocacy, mental health and HIV/AIDS activism, and political involvement.
Hesso, Margrave of Baden-Baden
Hesso, Margrave of Baden-Baden (c. 1268 – 13 February 1297) was a son of Rudolf I and his wife, Kunigunde of Eberstein. After his father died in 1288, he ruled the Margraviate of Baden jointly with his brothers Rudolf II, Herman VII and Rudolf III.

Baden
Baden (/ˈbɑːdən/; German: [ˈbaːdn̩]) is a historical territory in southern Germany. In earlier times it was considered to be on both sides of the Upper Rhine, but since the Napoleonic Wars, it has been considered only East of the Rhine.
Narasapuram Mandal
Narasapuram Mandal is one of the 19 mandals in the West Godavari district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. Its headquarters are in Narasapuram, a town in the mandal. The mandal is bordered by the Godavari River to the north, the Bay of Bengal to the east, the Mogalthur mandal to the south, and the Palacole mandal to the west.

West Godavari district
West Godavari district is a coastal district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh with an administrative headquarters in Bhimavaram. It is bounded by the Krishna district and Bay of Bengal to the south, East Godavari district to the east, and Eluru district, Kolleru Lake and Upputeru Drain to the northwest.
COVID Moonshot
The COVID Moonshot is a collaborative open-science project started in March 2020 with the goal of developing an un-patented oral antiviral drug to treat SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19.
COVID Moonshot researchers are targeting the proteins needed to form functioning new viral proteins.  They are particularly interested in proteases such as 3C-like protease (Mpro), a coronavirus nonstructural protein that mediates the breaking and replication of  proteins.

COVID Moonshot may be the first  open-science community effort for the development of an antiviral drug.  Hundreds of scientists around the world, from academic and industrial organizations, have shared their expertise, resources, data, and results to more rapidly identify, screen, and test candidate compounds for the treatment of COVID-19.

Viral protein
The term viral protein refers to both the products of the genome of a virus and any host proteins incorporated into the viral particle. Viral proteins are grouped according to their functions, and groups of viral proteins include structural proteins, nonstructural proteins, regulatory proteins, and accessory proteins. Viruses are non-living and do not have the means to reproduce on their own, instead depending on their host cell's machinery to do this. Thus, viruses do not code for most of the proteins required for their replication and the translation of their mRNA into viral proteins, but use proteins encoded by the host cell for this purpose.
Poppy (given name)
Poppy is a feminine given name derived from the name of the flower poppy, itself derived from the Old English popæg and referring to various species of Papaver.  The name has been among the one hundred most popular names for girls in England and Wales since 1996 and among the top twenty-five names for girls since 2009. It has also recently risen in popularity in other countries in the English-speaking world, including Australia, Canada,  New Zealand, and the United States. The popularity of the name coincides with increased use for girls of other flower names and names inspired by the natural world. Increased awareness of the name has also been attributed to the naming of the children of some celebrities.

Samurai Shodown
Samurai Shodown, known in Japan as Samurai Spirits, is a fighting game series by SNK. The series began in 1993 and is known for being one of the earliest in the genre with a primary focus on weapon-based combat.
John William Ronald Illangakoon
John William Ronald Ilangakoon, KC (16 August 1894 - 1982) was a Ceylonese lawyer. He was the 25th Attorney General of Ceylon and 11th Solicitor General of Ceylon.

Having qualified as a barrister, he became an advocate. In 1928 he was appointed a District Judge and in 1935 he was appointed Solicitor General succeeding L. M. D. de Silva. He was succeeded by Arthur Wijewardena and was appointed King's Counsel in 1936. He was appointed Attorney General on 1 October 1936, succeeding John Curtois Howard, and held the office until 1942. He was succeeded by Manikku Wadumestri Hendrick de Silva. He was the first Sinhalese to hold the office of Attorney General.

He married Annette Lena Dias Bandaranaike daughter of Justice Felix Reginald Dias Bandaranaike I on 10 October 1914. His brother S. W. Illangakoon was the Mudaliyar of Colombo.

Solicitor General of Sri Lanka
The solicitor general of Sri Lanka is a post subordinate to the attorney general of Sri Lanka. The solicitor general of Sri Lanka assists the attorney general, and is assisted by four additional solicitors general. Note that the post was solicitor general of Ceylon until Sri Lanka became a republic in 1972.
Wright Motorsports
Wright Motorsports is an American sports car racing team that currently competes in the GTD class of the IMSA SportsCar Championship and in the Pro Cup class in the GT World Challenge America series. The team was founded in 2000 by John Wright.

Sebring International Raceway
Sebring International Raceway is a road course auto racing facility in the southeastern United States, located near Sebring, Florida.

Sebring Raceway is one of the oldest continuously operating race tracks in the U.S., its first race being run in 1950. Sebring is one of the classic race tracks in North American sports car racing, and plays host to the 12 Hours of Sebring.

The raceway occupies a portion of Sebring Regional Airport (an active airport for private and commercial traffic that was originally built as Hendricks Army Airfield, which was a World War II training base for the United States Army Air Forces).
Jacob Henry House
Jacob Henry House is a historic home located at Beaufort, Carteret County, North Carolina. It was built about 1794, and is a 2+1⁄2-story, four bay by four bay, Federal style frame dwelling. It rests on a high foundation of ballast stone and has a two-tier, full-width front porch.  It was the home of Jacob Henry, who in 1809 entered into a debate over his right as a Jew to hold state office. Henry served in the North Carolina legislature in 1808 and 1809.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.

Ballast
Ballast is dense material used as a weight to provide stability to a vehicle or structure. Ballast, other than cargo, may be placed in a vehicle, often a ship or the gondola of a balloon or airship, to provide stability. A compartment within a boat, ship, submarine, or other floating structure that holds water is called a ballast tank. Water can be moved in and out from the ballast tank to balance the ship.  In a vessel that travels on the water, the ballast will be kept below the water level, to counteract the effects of weight above the water level. The ballast may be redistributed in the vessel or disposed of altogether to change its effects on the movement of the vessel.
Junkers Ju 390
The Junkers Ju 390 was a German long-range derivative of the Junkers Ju 290 aircraft, intended to be used as a heavy transport aircraft, maritime patrol aircraft and long-range bomber. It was one of the aircraft designs submitted for the abortive Amerikabomber project, along with the Messerschmitt Me 264, the Focke-Wulf Ta 400 and the Heinkel He 277.

MG 131 machine gun
The MG 131 (shortened from German: Maschinengewehr 131, or "machine gun 131," and occasionally written as MG 131/13, particularly in German sources) was a German 13 mm caliber machine gun developed in 1938 by Rheinmetall-Borsig and produced from 1940 to 1945. The MG 131 was designed for use at fixed, flexible or turreted, single or twin mountings in Luftwaffe aircraft during World War II. It was also license-built in Japan for the Imperial Japanese Navy as Type 2 machine gun.
Botshabelo, Free State
Botshabelo, meaning "a place of refuge", is a large township set up in 1979. It is located east of Bloemfontein in the present-day Free State province of South Africa. Botshabelo is now the largest township in Free State and is the second largest township in South Africa.

Township (South Africa)
In South Africa, the terms township and location usually refer to an under-developed, racially segregated urban area, from the late 19th century until the end of apartheid, which were reserved for non-whites, namely Black Africans, Coloureds and Indians. Townships were usually built on the periphery of towns and cities. The term township also has a distinct legal meaning in South Africa's system of land title, which carries no racial connotations.

Townships for non-whites were also called locations or lokasies in Afrikaans and are often still referred to as such in the smaller towns. The slang term "kasie / kasi", a popular short version of "lokasie" is also used. Townships sometimes have large informal settlements nearby.
Paleobiota of the Maotianshan Shales
This is a list of fossils found at Maotianshan Shales, whose most famous assemblage of organisms are referred to as the Chengjiang biota.

The Maotianshan Shales are a series of Early Cambrian sedimentary deposits in the Chiungchussu Formation, famous for their Konservat Lagerstätten, deposits known for the exceptional preservation of fossilized organisms or traces. The Maotianshan Shales form one of some forty Cambrian fossil locations worldwide exhibiting exquisite preservation of rarely preserved, non-mineralized soft tissue, comparable to the fossils of the Burgess Shale of British Columbia, Canada.

Burgess Shale
The Burgess Shale is a fossil-bearing deposit exposed in the Canadian Rockies of British Columbia, Canada. It is famous for the exceptional preservation of the soft parts of its fossils. At 508 million years old (middle Cambrian), it is one of the earliest fossil beds containing soft-part imprints.

The rock unit is a black shale and crops out at several localities near the town of Field in Yoho National Park and the Kicking Horse Pass. Another outcrop is in Kootenay National Park 42 km to the south.
Grounds for Divorce (1925 film)
Grounds for Divorce is a 1925 American silent romantic comedy film directed by Paul Bern and written by Guy Bolton, Violet Clark, and Ernest Vajda. The film stars Florence Vidor, Matt Moore, Harry Myers, Louise Fazenda, George Beranger and Gustav von Seyffertitz. The film was released on July 27, 1925, by Paramount Pictures.

George Beranger
George Beranger (27 March 1893 – 8 March 1973), was an Australian-born silent film actor, director and film writer in New York and Hollywood. He is also sometimes credited under the pseudonym George Andre de Beranger and multiple variations of the same.
2018–19 Gibraltar Intermediate League
The 2018–19 Gibraltar Intermediate League is the first season of under-23 football in Gibraltar, after reforms to reserve team football in June 2018. The league is expected to be contested by ten clubs, and began on 21 August 2018 despite initially being set to begin on 13 August.

Gibraltar Intermediate League
The Gibraltar Intermediate League is a semi-professional football league administered by the Gibraltar Football Association, launched in June 2018 as a replacement for the Gibraltar Reserves Division and the Under 18 Division in an effort to improve the standards of young Gibraltarian footballers.
Tadeusz Rejtan
Tadeusz Reytan (surname also alternatively spelled as Rejtan, and rarely Reyten; Belarusian: Тадэвуш Рэйтан; Lithuanian: Tadas Reitanas; 20 August 1742 – 8 August 1780) was a nobleman from the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. He was a member of the Sejm of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth from the Nowogródek Voivodeship. Reytan is remembered for a dramatic gesture he made in September 1773, as a deputy of the Partition Sejm. There, Reytan tried to prevent the legalization of the first partition of Poland, a scene that has been immortalized in the painting Rejtan by Jan Matejko. He has been the subject of many other art works, and is a symbol of patriotism in Poland, Lithuania and Belarus. Despite his efforts, the partition of Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth was legalized soon afterwards.

Nowogródek Voivodeship (1507–1795)
Nowogródek Voivodeship (Polish: województwo nowogródzkie; Latin: Palatinatus Novogrodensis; Lithuanian: Naugarduko vaivadija; Belarusian: Наваградзкае ваяводзтва) was a voivodeship of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from 1507 to 1795, with the capital in the town of Nowogródek (now Novogrudok, Belarus). Since 1569 it was located in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, as part of Lithuania.
Test film
Test film are rolls or loops or slides of photographic film used for testing the quality of equipment.  Equipment to be tested could include: telecine, motion picture film scanner, Movie projectors, Image scanners, film-out gear, Film recorders and Film scanners.

Test films comes in all film formats: 16mm, 35mm, Super 8, 8mm, 65mm, 70mm and IMAX, both motion pictures and still photography.

16 mm film
16 mm film is a historically popular and economical gauge of film. 16 mm refers to the width of the film (about 2⁄3 inch); other common film gauges include 8 mm and 35 mm. It is generally used for non-theatrical (e.g., industrial, educational, television) film-making, or for low-budget motion pictures. It also existed as a popular amateur or home movie-making format for several decades, alongside 8 mm film and later Super 8 film. Eastman Kodak released the first 16 mm "outfit" in 1923, consisting of a Ciné-Kodak camera, Kodascope projector, tripod, screen and splicer, for US$335 (equivalent to US$6,330 in 2025).: 334  RCA-Victor introduced a 16 mm sound movie projector in 1932, and developed an optical sound-on-film 16 mm camera, released in 1935.: 231
Daegu–Gyeongbuk Free Economic Zone
The Daegu–Gyeongbuk Free Economic Zone (DGFEZ) is a Free Economic Zone located in the southeastern part of South Korea. DGFEZ has 8 sites spanning over 20 square kilometers in Daegu, Pohang, Gyeongsan, and Yeongcheon. As of January 2014, DGFEZ is home to 150 organizations attracting over $2 billion in investment ($350 FDI).

The Daegu-Gyeongbuk region is home to 5.5 million people and over 13% of the nation's manufacturers including global conglomerates Samsung, LG, Hyundai and POSCO. DGFEZ focuses on 4 major industries; IT Convergence, High-tech Transportation Components, Green Energy, and Knowledge Services. The development of these districts is scheduled to conclude in 2020. DGFEZA has offices in Daegu and Seoul.

Pohang
Pohang (Korean: 포항; Korean pronunciation: [pʰo.ɦaŋ]), formerly spelled Po-Hang, is the largest city in  North Gyeongsang Province, South Korea, with a population of 499,363 as of 2022, bordering the East Sea to the east, Yeongcheon to the west, Gyeongju to the south, and Cheongsong and Yeongdeok County to the north.

The city has food, textile, and metal industries. Agricultural products such as grapes, persimmons and garlic chives are abundant, and the city's proximity to the East Sea has led to the development of a fishing industry. Hagfish is a local specialty.

The South Korean Marine Corps 1st Division is stationed in Pohang, and their Education and Training Command is located there as well.

Tourist attractions include the Jukdo Fish Market, where fresh seafood is sold, as well as the Yeongildae Beach, Wolpo Beach, and Pohang Songdo Beach. Naejangsan Mountain divides Pohang and Yeongdeok and has twelve waterfalls.
A&W (Canada)
A&W is a fast-food restaurant chain in Canada, franchised by A&W Food Services of Canada Inc.

The company was initially a subsidiary of the U.S.-based A&W Restaurants chain, with the subsidiary opening its first franchise in Winnipeg in 1956. In 1972, Unilever acquired A&W's Canadian operations, leading to the subsidiary's separation from the U.S.-based company. In 1995, a Canadian management group made up of A&W franchisees took ownership of the chain from Unilever.

A&W Food Services of Canada Inc. is a publicly traded company headquartered in North Vancouver. As of 2022, A&W was Canada's second-largest fast-food hamburger chain, with 1,029 franchises, after McDonald's.

Chain store
A chain store or retail chain is a retail outlet in which several locations share a brand, central management, and standardized business practices. They have come to dominate many retail markets, dining markets, and service categories in many parts of the world. A franchised retail establishment is one form of a chain store.  In 2005, the world's largest retail chain, Walmart, became the world's largest corporation based on gross sales.
Dobrodan Glacier
Dobrodan Glacier (Bulgarian: ледник Добродан, romanized: lednik Dobrodan, IPA: [ˈlɛdniɡ dobroˈdan]) is the 3.4 km long and 1.2 km wide glacier on the east side of Urda Ridge on Clarence Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica situated south of Highton Glacier.  It drains the slopes of Mount Irving and Duclos-Guyot Bluff, flows northeastwards and enters the Southern Ocean south of Lebed Point.

The glacier is named after the settlement of Dobrodan in Northern Bulgaria.

Mount Irving
Mount Irving is a mountain rising to ca. 1,950 metres (6,398 ft) that is the dominant elevation on Clarence Island, in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica.  (Some older sources used to give the elevation as 2,300 metres (7,546 ft).)  Recent research suggests a lower figure of 1772m. The rounded, heavily glaciated mountain is situated in Urda Ridge occupying the southern part of the island. A prominent feature, the mountain doubtless was known to sealers in the area in the 1820s. It was named by United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) for Rear Admiral Sir Edmund George Irving, Royal Navy, Hydrographer of the Navy, 1960–1966. First ascent by a team comprising Capt. Crispin Agnew, John Hult and Flight Sgt George Bruce BEM, RAF. of the Joint Services Expedition to Elephant Island on 6 December 1970.
Paul Manz
Paul Otto Manz (May 10, 1919 – October 28, 2009), was an American composer for choir and organ. His most famous choral work is the Advent motet "E'en So, Lord Jesus, Quickly Come", which has been performed at the Festival of Nine Lessons and Carols at King's College, Cambridge, though its broadcast by the neighboring Choir of St John's College, Cambridge, in its Advent Carol Service precipitated its popularity.

His most famous organ works are his volumes of neo-Baroque chorale preludes and partitas. Manz long served the church as recitalist, composer, teacher, and leader in worship. He was Cantor Emeritus at the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Saint Luke in Chicago, Illinois, as well as Cantor Emeritus of Mount Olive Lutheran Church in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He was the director of the Paul Manz Institute of Church Music, and was Professor Emeritus of Church Music at Christ Seminary-Seminex at the Lutheran School of Theology at Chicago.

Nine Lessons and Carols
Nine Lessons and Carols, also known as the Festival of Nine Lessons and Carols and Service of Nine Lessons and Carols, is a service of Christian worship traditionally celebrated on or near Christmas Eve in Anglican churches and globally within the Anglican Communion. The story of the fall of humanity, the promise of the Messiah, and the birth of Jesus is told in nine short Bible readings or lessons from Genesis, the prophetic books and the Gospels, interspersed with the singing of Christmas carols, hymns and choir anthems.