hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nalla Neram
Nalla Neram (transl. Good Time) is a 1972 Indian Tamil-language film, directed by M. A. Thirumugam and produced by Sandow M. M. A. Chinnappa Thevar. The film stars M. G. Ramachandran and K. R. Vijaya. It is a remake of the 1967 Tamil film Deiva Cheyal. All three versions were produced by Thevar. The film was released on 10 March 1972. It emerged a major success, running for more than 100 days in theatres.

Sandow M. M. A. Chinnappa Thevar
Sandow Marudur Marudachalamurthy Ayyavoo Chinnappa Thevar (28 June 1915 – 8 September 1978) was a film producer of Tamil cinema in the mid-1950s through the 1960s and 1970s. He is best known for his films featuring animals, and has produced numerous movies with M. G. Ramachandran as lead actor (16 movies with under his famous banner: Thevar Films).

He launched all his movies under the Devar Films, which also produced the Rajesh Khanna's Bollywood hit Haathi Mere Saathi (1971) in which he achieved national fame and Dhandayupathi Films banner.

The title of "Sandow" was given to Chinnappa Thevar in tribute to the bodybuilder Eugen Sandow and because of his impressive muscles.
William Morton Pitt
William Morton Pitt, FRS (16 May 1754 – 28 February 1836) was a British Member of Parliament.

He was the eldest son of John Pitt of Encombe House, Dorset and educated at Queen's College, Oxford. He entered Lincoln's Inn to study law in 1774.

In 1780 he was returned to Parliament as the Member for Poole, which he represented until 1790 after which he represented Dorset from 1790 to 1826.

He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1787.

He died in 1836. He had married twice; firstly Margaret, the daughter of John Gambier, Governor of the Bahamas, with whom he had a daughter, and secondly Grace Amelia, the daughter of Henry Seymour of Hanford, Dorset, with whom he had 2 sons and a daughter. Pitt's library was sold by auction by R. H. Evans in London on 9 May 1838 (and five following days). A copy of the catalogue is held at Cambridge University Library (shelfmark Munby.c.144e(4)).

Dorset (UK Parliament constituency)
Dorset was a county constituency covering Dorset in southern England, which elected two Members of Parliament (MPs), traditionally known as knights of the shire, to the House of Commons of England from 1290 until 1707, to the House of Commons of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800, and to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom until 1832.

The Great Reform Act increased its representation to three MPs with effect from the 1832 general election, and under the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 the constituency was abolished for the 1885 election, and replaced by four single-member divisions: North Dorset, South Dorset, East Dorset and West Dorset.

When elections were contested, the bloc vote system was used, but contests were rare. Even after the 1832 Reforms, only three of the nineteen elections before 1885 were contested; in the others, the nominated candidates were returned without a vote.
Dalyup, Western Australia
Dalyup is a town and locality of the Shire of Esperance in the Goldfields-Esperance region of Western Australia. It is located on the South Coast Highway and the Southern Ocean. The Lake Mortijinup Nature Reserve as well as two unnamed nature reserves are located in Dalyup.

The town takes its name from the adjacent Dalyup River. The name is Aboriginal in origin and was previously thought to be the Noongar word for the western king parrot or hookbill, but more recent research led by Leonard Collard concluded that it "means that at the moment by this location there is an opening into this district".

The townsite was gazetted on 18 May 1962, although there had been agricultural settlement in the area since 1896.

Leonard Collard
Leonard Michael Collard (born 24 December 1959) is a Noongar elder, professor and Australian Research Council chief investigator at the School of Indigenous Studies, University of Western Australia.

Collard is a Whadjuk/Balardong Noongar, the traditional owners of the Perth region of Western Australia. He has a background in literature and communications, and has researched areas including Noongar interpretive histories and Noongar theoretical and practical research models.

In 2011 Collard started a three-year study of Noongar place names, and intends to create a public website of 25,000 Noongar words for different places around the South West of Western Australia. In 2014 he announced his project to create the world's first online Aboriginal encyclopaedia, Noongarpedia, to preserve the endangered Noongar language.
Bowne Park
Bowne Park is a 11.79-acre (4.77 ha) park in Broadway–Flushing, Queens, New York, east of downtown Flushing. It is bordered by 29th Avenue on the north, 32nd Avenue on the south, 155th Street on the west, and 159th Street on the east. The park consists of a playground, basketball courts, bocce court, and a kettle pond. The area immediately surrounding the park, developed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, was originally also marketed as "Bowne Park" and is part of modern-day Murray Hill and Broadway–Flushing.

Bowne Park was named for New York City mayor Walter Bowne, whose summer residence was located at the site until a fire destroyed it in March 1925. The land was bought by the city and designated as a park by 1927. Bowne Park contained the first modular playground in New York City, dedicated in 1969. The park was given a major renovation in 1994. It is operated by the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation.

Basketball court
In basketball, the basketball court is the playing surface, consisting of a rectangular floor, with baskets at each end. Indoor basketball courts are almost always made of polished wood, usually maple, with 10 feet (3.048 m)-high rims on each basket. Outdoor surfaces are generally made from standard paving materials such as concrete or asphalt. International competitions may use glass basketball courts.
Van Hamme
Van Hamme or van Hamme is a Dutch-language surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alexis Van Hamme (1818–1875), Belgian painter

Jean Van Hamme (born 1939), Belgian writer

Joost van Hamme (1629/30 - after 1657), Flemish painter

Thomas Van Hamme (born 1969), Belgian television presenter

Victor Van Hamme (1897–?), Belgian weightlifter

Thomas Van Hamme
Thomas Van Hamme (born 10 February 1969) is a radio and TV moderator of the Walloon Broadcaster RTBF. He is currently in the prime time broadcast on the scientific GpiG A, but with Barbara Louys, It's Belgian magazine devoted to the Belgian monarchy and everything that makes excellence in Belgium. In radio, he leads the morning Viva Brussels (6h - 8:30) and the talk show of A View (8:40–9 am) on VivaCité.

In 2000, he gave the votes from the Belgian televote for the Eurovision Song Contest 2000 held in Stockholm, Sweden. He is the second son of Belgian comic book writer Jean Van Hamme.
Minde, Bergen
Minde is a neighbourhood in the southwestern part of Årstad borough in the city of Bergen in Vestland county, Norway. It is located south of the neighborhoods of Solheim and Kronstad, west of Landås, and north of Fjøsanger and Storetveit (in Fana borough). Parts of Minde were in Fana Municipality before the merger of 1972. It is home to the headquarters of the shipping company Odfjell. The area is served by one elementary school, Minde skole. An upper secondary school, Kristianborg videregående skole, was formerly located here, operated jointly by three free churches. As it failed to attain a body of students large enough for the operation of the school to be economically viable, it closed after the end of the school year of 2007/2008. Fridalen Church is located in the neighborhood too.

Education in Norway
Education in Norway is mandatory for all children aged from 6 to 16. Schools are typically divided into two divisions: primary and lower secondary schooling. The majority of schools in Norway are municipal, where local governments fund and manage administration. Primary and lower secondary schools are available free of charge for all Norwegian citizens as a given right.

When primary and lower secondary education is completed, upper secondary schooling is entitled to students for enrollment, which prepares students for higher education or vocational studies.

The school year in Norway runs from mid-August to late June the following year. The Christmas holiday from mid-December to early January historically divides the Norwegian school year into two terms. Presently, the second term begins in January.
Battle of Hawija
The Battle of Hawija was an offensive launched in September 2017 by the Iraqi Army, in order to recapture the town of Hawija and the surrounding areas from the Islamic State (IS).

The offensive was concurrent with the 2017 Central Syria campaign by the Syrian Army to capture IS territory towards Deir ez-Zor, as well as with the Raqqa campaign (2016–17) conducted by the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) against IS's de facto capital city and stronghold in Syria.

Deir ez-Zor
Deir ez-Zor (Arabic: دَيْرُ ٱلزَّوْرِ / دَيْرُ ٱلزُّور, romanized: Dayru z-Zawr / Dayru z-Zūr) is the largest city in eastern Syria and the seventh largest in the country. Located on the banks of the Euphrates 450 km (280 mi) to the northeast of the capital Damascus, Deir ez-Zor is the capital of the Deir ez-Zor Governorate. In the 2018 census, it had a population of 271,800.
Ion Zlătaru
Ion Zlătaru (born 17 November 1927) was a Romanian boxer. He competed in the men's bantamweight event at the 1952 Summer Olympics. At the 1952 Summer Olympics, he defeated Antoine Martin of France, before losing to Helmuth von Gravenitz of South Africa.

Boxing at the 1952 Summer Olympics – Bantamweight
The men's bantamweight event was part of the boxing programme at the 1952 Summer Olympics.  The weight class was the second-lightest contested, and allowed boxers of up to 54 kilograms. The competition was held from 28 July to 2 August 1952. 23 boxers from 23 nations competed.
Ramansdrift
Ramansdrift is an abandoned town on the banks of the Orange River in the ǁKaras Region of Namibia. The nearest towns are Vredendal (28.8 km), Gaobis (28.8 km), Silwerstroom (32.6 km), and Hakiesdoorn (48.3 km).

The first Boers set out north from what is now Little Namaqualand to found settlements such as Kakamas, Ramansdrift, Schuitdrift, and Sendelindgsdrift.

On January 12, 1915, South African forces invaded German South West Africa by attacking the police station in Ramansdrift. The Boers were incensed by this, sparking the Maritz rebellion. The Battle of Sandfontein took place north of the drift on September 26, 1914.

Battle of Sandfontein
The Battle of Sandfontein was fought between the Union Defence Force of South Africa and the German Empire  on 26 September 1914 at Sandfontein, during the first stage of the South West Africa Campaign of World War I. It ended in a German victory.
Southeastern Legal Foundation
The Southeastern Legal Foundation  is a conservative non-profit constitutional public interest law firm and policy center in the United States. It was founded in 1976 and has its headquarters in Roswell, Georgia.

Law firm
A law firm is a business entity formed by one or more lawyers to engage in the practice of law. The primary service rendered by a law firm is to advise clients (individuals or corporations) about their legal rights and responsibilities, and to represent clients in civil or criminal cases, business transactions, and other matters in which legal advice and other assistance are sought.
Rahboni Warren-Vosayaco
Rahboni Warren-Vosayaco (born 28 September 1995) is an Australian and rugby union player and professional who plays as a Flanker.   He currently plays for Sunwolves in Super Rugby and Munakata Sanix Blues in Japan's domestic Top League.

Flanker (rugby union)
Flanker is a position in the sport of rugby union. Each team of 15 players includes two flankers, who play in the forwards, and are generally classified as either blindside or openside flankers, numbers 6 and 7 respectively. The name comes from their position in a scrum in which they 'flank' each set of forwards. They compete for the ball – most commonly in rucks and mauls. Flankers also assist in pushing in a scrum, but are expected to detach from the scrum as soon as the ball is out to get to the play before the opposition's forwards. Flankers also participate in line-outs, either being lifted to contest or win possession, or to lift other players. Flankers are usually the key participants in the tackling process. The flankers, especially the openside, are often the fastest forwards on the team but still relied upon for tackling.
Illène Pevec
Illène Pevec (born June 6, 1948) is an American author, journalist, children's activist, and educator who works in developing youth gardens at schools and community centers. Based in Carbondale, Colorado, Pevec serves as the program director for Fat City Farmers, a local food education program in Basalt, Colorado. She is a multinational citizen (Brazil, US, and Canada) and has developed youth gardens in all three countries. Pevec authored Growing a Life: Teen Gardeners Harvest Food, Health, and Joy (New Village Press 2016), a book that integrates her work in US community youth gardens with observations from other disciplines to generate a better understanding of the positive effect mentored urban gardening can have on youth development.

Carbondale, Colorado
The Town of Carbondale is a home rule municipality located in Garfield County, Colorado, United States. The town population was 6,434 at the 2020 United States census. Carbondale is a part of the Rifle, CO Micropolitan Statistical Area.

The town is located in the Roaring Fork Valley, downstream from Aspen and upstream from the mouth of the Roaring Fork River at Glenwood Springs. The town proper sits on the south bank of the river, near its confluence with the Crystal River. Carbondale's horizon is dominated by the 12,953 ft (3,952 m) tall Mount Sopris several miles to the south of town. Carbondale is the northern terminus of the West Elk Loop Scenic and Historic Byway.
Population, health, and the environment
Population, health, and the environment (PHE) is an approach to human development that integrates family planning and health with conservation efforts to seek synergistic successes for greater conservation and human welfare outcomes than single sector approaches. There is a deep relationship between population, health and environment. Those subjects are not only related to each other but also to other important aspects that are very necessary for keeping PHE in a close-knit relationship.

Development theory
Development theory is a collection of theories about how desirable change in society is best achieved. Such theories draw on a variety of social science disciplines and approaches. In this article, multiple theories are discussed, as are recent developments with regard to these theories. Depending on which theory that is being looked at, there are different explanations to the process of development and their inequalities.
2006 FIFA World Cup qualification – CONCACAF fourth round
In the fourth round of the CONCACAF 2006 World Cup qualification, the six remaining teams from the third round were put in a single group, and played against each other home-and-away. The three teams with most points qualified for the 2006 FIFA World Cup. The fourth-placed team, Trinidad and Tobago, advanced to the AFC-CONCACAF playoff against the winner of the fourth round of Asia, Bahrain.

Bahrain national football team
The Bahrain national football team (Arabic: منتخب الْبَحرَيْن لِكُرَّةُ الْقَدَم) represents Bahrain in international football and is controlled by the Bahrain Football Association, which was founded in 1951. The country is affiliated with FIFA since 1968 and has been a member of the AFC since 1957. They have never reached the FIFA World Cup.

Bahrain won the FIFA's most improved team award in 2004, and finished fourth at the 2004 AFC Asian Cup, beating Uzbekistan in the quarter-finals but losing to Japan in the semi-finals 4–3. Bahrain then lost to Iran in the third-place match, thus finishing in fourth place overall. Bahrain had a golden year in 2019, winning both the WAFF Championship and the Arabian Gulf Cup for the first time, under the stewardship of Hélio Sousa. On 4 January 2025, Bahrain won the 26th Arabian Gulf Cup, defeating Oman 2–1.
Saiful Islam (vice-chancellor)
Saiful Islam (Bengali: সাইফুল ইসলাম) is a Bangladeshi academic who is the current Vice-Chancellor of the American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB). Previously he served as the Vice-Chancellor of the Dhaka International University.  He was also the 13th Vice-Chancellor of Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET).  Before, he worked as the Pro-Vice Chancellor of the Primeasia University.

Murder of Abrar Fahad
On October 6, 2019,  Abrar Fahad, a second-year student in the Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE) department at Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), was murdered inside BUET's Sher-e-Bangla Hall by activists of Chhatra League, the student wing of then ruling party Awami League.

The incident sparked national outrage and led to protests against campus violence. Out of 25 convicts, 20 were given death sentences and 5 others were give life sentence in relation to the murder of Abrar Fahad following a highly publicized trial. An autopsy report later confirmed that Fahad died as a result of severe blunt force trauma.
Selim Hassan
Selim Hassan (Arabic: سليم حسن; born on 15 April 1886 – 1961) was an Egyptian Egyptologist.

He was the first native Egyptian to be appointed Professor of Egyptology at the University of Cairo, a post he held from 1936 to 1939. He was then made Deputy-Director of the Antiquities Service.

He wrote the 18-volume Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt in Arabic and supervised the excavation of many ancient Egyptian tombs under the auspices of Cairo University.

Egyptology
Egyptology (from Egypt and Greek -λογία, -logia; Arabic: علم المصريات) is the scientific study of ancient Egypt, including historic artifacts and ancient writing. The topics studied include ancient Egyptian history, language, literature, religion, architecture, culture and art from the 5th millennium BC until the end of its native religious practices in the 4th century AD.
Dick Hurley
William H. "Dick" Hurley (c. 1847 – Aft. 1916) was an American baseball player who is notable for being the substitute player for the first paid professional club, the Cincinnati Red Stockings.

Hurley was born in Honesdale, Pennsylvania. After attending Columbia University and playing on its baseball team, he played for the Buckeyes of Cincinnati, one of the leading amateur teams in the Midwest. Along with two of his teammates, Andy Leonard and Charlie Sweasy, he was recruited by Harry Wright as the utility man for the rival Cincinnati Red Stockings in 1869–70, being paid $600 per season for his efforts. He briefly returned to professional baseball in the fledgling National Association as an outfielder for the Washington Olympics in 1872.

In 1916, Hurley managed the Great Falls Electrics in the Northwestern League.

Honesdale, Pennsylvania
Honesdale is a borough in, and the county seat of, Wayne County, Pennsylvania, United States. The borough's population was 4,458 at the time of the 2020 census.

Honesdale is located 32 miles (51 km) northeast of Scranton in a rural area that provides many recreational opportunities, such as boating, fishing, hiking, hunting, skiing, biking, skateboarding, and rafting. Located in a coal mining region, during the nineteenth century it was the starting point of the Delaware and Hudson Canal, which provided for transport of coal to Kingston, New York, and then down the Hudson River to New York City. In the 19th century, the expansion of railroads eventually superseded regular use of the canal.
Skeletonizer
Several moth species are known as skeletonizers, including:

Aglaope infausta (almond-tree leaf skeletonizer moth)

Bucculatrix ainsliella (oak leaf skeletonizer, oak skeletonizer)

Bucculatrix albertiella (oak-ribber skeletonizer)

Bucculatrix canadensisella (birch skeletonizer)

Catastega aceriella (maple trumpet skeletonizer moth)

Choreutis nemorana (fig-tree skeletonizer moth, fig leaf roller)

Choreutis pariana (apple-and-thorn skeletonizer, apple leaf skeletonizer)

Harrisina americana (grapeleaf skeletonizer)

Harrisina metallica (western grapeleaf skeletonizer)

Prochoreutis inflatella (skullcap skeletonizer moth)

Schreckensteinia festaliella (blackberry skeletonizer)

Grapeleaf skeletonizer
The grapeleaf skeletonizer (Harrisina americana) is a moth in the family Zygaenidae. It is widespread in the eastern half of the United States, and commonly noticed defoliating grapes, especially of the Virginia creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia). The western grapeleaf skeletonizer (Harrisina metallica) is very similar to and slightly larger than H. americana, but their distributions are different.

Members of this family all produce HCN (hydrogen cyanide) a potent antipredator toxin.
2010 Arizona Proposition 100
Proposition 100 was a ballot measure to temporarily raise the Arizona state sales tax by 1 cent per dollar, with the proceeds going to education, public safety, and health and human services. The referendum was passed by voters in a special election on May 18, 2010. The measure amended Article IX of the Arizona State Constitution, raising the state sales tax from 5.6% to 6.6%, and included a clause which would automatically repeal the increase on May 31, 2013. Two-thirds of the revenue was designated for primary and secondary education, while one-third of the revenue was designated for both health and human services and public safety.

Sales tax
A sales tax is a tax paid to a governing body for the sales of certain goods and services. Usually laws allow the seller to collect funds for the tax from the consumer at the point of purchase.

When a tax on goods or services is paid to a governing body directly by a consumer, it is usually called a use tax. Often laws provide for the exemption of certain goods or services from sales and use tax, such as food, education, and medicines. A value-added tax (VAT) collected on goods and services is related to a sales tax. See Comparison with sales tax for key differences.
Unmoved mover
The unmoved mover (Ancient Greek: ὃ οὐ κινούμενον κινεῖ, romanized: ho ou kinoúmenon kineî, lit. 'that which moves without being moved'), or prime mover (Latin: primum movens), is a concept advanced by Aristotle as a primary cause, or first uncaused cause, or "mover" of all the motion in the universe. As is implicit in the name, the unmoved mover moves other things, but is not itself moved by any prior action. In Book 12 (Ancient Greek: Λ) of his Metaphysics, Aristotle describes the unmoved mover as being perfectly beautiful, indivisible, and contemplating only the perfect contemplation: self-contemplation. He also equates this concept with the active intellect. This Aristotelian concept had its roots in cosmological speculations of the earliest Greek pre-Socratic philosophers, and became highly influential and widely drawn upon in medieval philosophy and theology. For example, St. Thomas Aquinas elaborated on the unmoved mover in the Five Ways.

SUNY Press
The State University of New York Press (more commonly referred to as the SUNY Press) is a university press affiliated with the State University of New York system. The press, which was founded in 1966, is located in Albany, New York and publishes scholarly works in various fields.

The SUNY Press has agreements with several print-on-demand and electronic vendors, such as Ingram, Integrated Books International, EBSCO, ProQuest, Project MUSE, the Philosophy Documentation Center, Google, and Amazon. Books published by SUNY Press are 80% scholarly works from professors within the SUNY system or other schools and universities. The remaining 20% are aimed at a general audience.

The press is a member of the Association of University Presses.