hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Welfare in Israel
Welfare in Israel refers to the series of social welfare schemes in the Israeli government which are administered by the Ministry of Social Affairs and Social Services, and by Israel's national social security agency, Bituah Leumi. All residents of Israel must pay insurance contributions in order to qualify for welfare.

Israeli system of government
The Israeli system of government is based on parliamentary democracy. The Prime Minister of Israel is the head of government and leader of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government (also known as the cabinet). Legislative power is vested in the Knesset. The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. The political system of the State of Israel and its main principles are set out in 11 Basic Laws.  Israel does not have a written constitution.
Alternative List
The Alternative List (AL; German: Alternative Liste) is a socialist political party in Zürich.

The AL has existed since 1990 as a loose coalition of left-wing activists before becoming a party in 2007, with sections in the city of Zürich and the Limmat Valley. A movement in Winterthur is also associated to the party, and a section in the Horgen District was created in 2013.

The party for a time extended beyond the canton of Zürich, being also active in the cantons of Aargau from 2002 to 2006 and Schaffhausen from 2003 to 2022.

The AL works closely with the Swiss Labour Party, solidaritéS and other leftist parties and organisations. They were involved in the federal party Alternative Left with other left-wing forces from 2010 until its dissolution in 2018.

Canton of Schaffhausen
The canton of Schaffhausen, also canton of Schaffhouse (German: Kanton Schaffhausen; Romansh: Chantun Schaffusa; French: Canton de Schaffhouse; Italian: Canton Sciaffusa), is the northernmost canton of Switzerland. The principal city and capital of the canton is Schaffhausen. The canton's territory is divided into three non-contiguous segments, where German territory reaches the Rhine. The large central part, which includes the capital, in turn separates the German exclave of Büsingen am Hochrhein from the rest of Germany.
Linden (Champlain, Virginia)
Linden is a historic home located near Champlain, Essex County, Virginia. and is a 2+1⁄2-story, three-bay, nearly square, brick dwelling in the Federal style. It has a side gable roof and side-passage plan.

Essex County, Virginia
Essex County is a United States county located in the Middle Peninsula of the Commonwealth of Virginia.  The county is bordered by the Rappahannock River on the north and King and Queen County on the south. As of the 2020 census, the county's population was 10,599. The county seat is the historic town of Tappahannock.

The county was created in 1692, when the old Rappahannock County was dissolved to form the new Essex and Richmond counties, and was named to honor Essex in England.  Due to the region's location on the Rappahannock River, it was one of the early areas visited by English explorer John Smith.  Smith's three trips led to him being captured, attacked and finally making peace with the resident indigenous Powhatan people.
Steve McKichan
Steve McKichan (born May 29, 1967) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey goaltender. Drafted out of Miami University by the Vancouver Canucks in the 1988 NHL Supplemental Draft, McKichan played one game in the National Hockey League with the Canucks in the 1990–91 season, playing for one period on December 5, 1990 against the New Jersey Devils and allowing two goals on eight shots.

In December 1990, McKichan suffered a career-ending neck injury while playing with the Milwaukee Admirals of the International Hockey League.

McKichan worked as a goaltending coach with the Toronto Maple Leafs during the 2006–07 season. As of 2015 he owns and operates a hockey school in Strathroy.

International Hockey League
The International Hockey League (IHL) was a minor professional ice hockey league in the United States and Canada that operated from 1945 to 2001. The IHL served as the National Hockey League (NHL)'s alternate farm system to the American Hockey League (AHL). After 56 years of operation, financial instability led to the league's demise. Six of the surviving seven teams merged into the AHL in 2001.
Soundtrack 2 My Life
"Soundtrack 2 My Life" is a song by American recording artist Kid Cudi, taken from his debut studio album Man on the Moon: The End of Day (2009). The lyrics were written by Cudi, while the music was written by American record producer Emile Haynie. The song's music video, directed by Jason Goldwatch, was released in 2010.

Emile Haynie
Emile Haynie (born July 13, 1980), often credited simply as Emile, is an American record producer. Born and raised in Buffalo, New York, his range of production includes alternative rock, hip hop, indie and pop music. Haynie has worked with several prominent artists in the music industry including Kanye West, Kid Cudi, Eminem, Lana Del Rey, Bruno Mars, Linkin Park, FKA Twigs, Florence Welch and Camila Cabello, The Neighbourhood among others. Additionally, Haynie received two Grammy Awards for his work with English singer Adele, namely Album of the Year for the diamond certified 25 as well as Record of the Year for "Hello".
John Kay (Scottish footballer)
John Leck Kay was a Scottish footballer of the 1870s and 1880s who played mainly as a left winger.

Kay's first senior club was Third Lanark where he won a Scottish Cup runners-up medal in 1878. He moved to Queen's Park in 1879 where he won three successive Scottish Cup winners' medals in 1880, 1881 and 1882, plus two Glasgow Merchants Charity Cups. He returned to Third Lanark in 1883 and later had a short spell at Pollokshields Athletic before emigrating to the United States in 1887.

He was capped 6 times by the Scotland national team between 1880 and 1884, scoring 5 goals.

Glasgow Charity Cup
The Glasgow Merchants' Charity Cup was a knockout football tournament open to teams from in and around Glasgow and later on in the tournament's history, teams from outwith Glasgow. Invitations were made and sent out by the Glasgow Charity Cup Committee (GCCC) at their discretion, but no criteria were ever published.

Like many domestic competitions in Scottish football, it was dominated by the Old Firm of Rangers and Celtic, with 31 and 28 victories each respectively. In the latter years of the tournament, it ceased being a knockout tournament and became a one-off contest between a Glasgow Select and a team invited from the English League.
A Gift Upon the Shore
A Gift Upon the Shore is a post-apocalyptic fiction novel by American author M. K. Wren and published by Ballantine Books in 1990. The story follows two American women, an artist and a writer, who survive pandemic, the collapse of civilization, and a deadly nuclear winter.

Ballantine Books
Ballantine Books is a major American book publisher that is a subsidiary of German media conglomerate Bertelsmann. Ballantine was founded in 1952 by Ian Ballantine with his wife, Betty Ballantine. Ballantine was acquired by Random House in 1973, which in turn was acquired by Bertelsmann in 1998 and remains part of that company.

Ballantine's original logo was a pair of mirrored letter Bs back to back, later changing to two Bs stacked to form an elaborate gate. The firm's early editors were Stanley Kauffmann and Bernard Shir-Cliff.
Maria Marshall
Maria Marshall (born 1966) an English-Swiss artist born in Mumbai, India. She became known for her video work in the late 90’s, working mostly with children. Her recent works include "Thought", an alter ego character who can infiltrate the mind and replace thoughts. Based on meditation, this is a multimedia work which includes video, photography, painting and sculpture.

National Museum of Women in the Arts
The National Museum of Women in the Arts (NMWA), located in Washington, D.C., is "the first museum in the world solely dedicated" to championing women through the arts. NMWA was incorporated in 1981 by Wallace and Wilhelmina Holladay. Since opening in 1987, the museum has acquired a collection of more than 6,000 works by more than 1,000 artists, ranging from the 16th century to today. The collection includes works by Mary Cassatt, Alma Woodsey Thomas, Élisabeth Louise Vigée-LeBrun, and Amy Sherald. NMWA also holds the only painting by Frida Kahlo in Washington, D.C., Self-Portrait Dedicated to Leon Trotsky.

The museum occupies the old Masonic Temple, a building listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places. In 2021 the museum temporarily closed to undergo a $66 million transformative renovation. The museum reopened to the public on October 21, 2023.
Anuj Sood
Major Anuj Sood, SC  (17 Dec 1989 – 2 May 2020) was an Indian Army Officer who received the Shaurya Chakra posthumously. He was a member of the 19th Battalion, Brigade of Guards and 21st Rashtriya Rifles Battalion. He was martyred in action while serving with the latter in Handwara, Jammu and Kashmir.

Handwara
Handwara (Urdu pronunciation: [ɦənd̪ʋɑːɽɑː] ; Kashmiri pronunciation: [hand̪ʋoːr]) is a town in Kupwara district of Jammu and Kashmir, India. It is located on Baramulla-Handwara National Highway NH-701 and is governed by a municipal committee.
Shafiq Ahmed
Shafiq Ahmed (born 28 March 1949) is a former Pakistani cricketer who played in six Test matches and 3 One Day Internationals from 1974 to 1980. All of the Tests Ahmed played in ended in draws, and he co-holds the Test record with Chandrasekhar Gadkari for the most matches played in a career without either winning or losing. Shafiq Ahmed participated in cricket competitions from Pakistan as well as Lahore, National Bank of Pakistan, Punjab, Punjab University and United Bank of Pakistan.

Shafiq Ahmed was a prolific run-scorer in domestic cricket in Pakistan between 1967 and 1968, when he made his first-class debut for Punjab University at the age of 18, until 1990–91, when he played his final first-class match for United Bank Limited at the age of 41. He scored over 1000 first-class runs in a season seven times. He played as the professional for Church and Oswaldtwistle in the Lancashire League from 1975 to 1977.

Church and Oswaldtwistle Cricket Club
Church and Oswaldtwistle Cricket Club, based at Oswaldtwistle, Accrington, is a cricket club in the Lancashire League. They play at the West End Ground on Blackburn Road in Oswaldtwistle. Their captain for the 2024 season is Josh Scully and their professional is Pakistan Zain Abbas.

The club was founded in 1856. It moved to its present location in 1890 and joined the Lancashire League at its inception in 1892. The club has won the League on five occasions, most recently in 1963. During this period it has fielded notable cricketers such as Sydney Barnes, Cecil Parkin, and Chester Watson.
Sohraab Dhaliwal
Sohraab Dhaliwal (born 18 November 1991) is an Indian cricketer who plays for Madhya Pradesh. He made his List A debut on 2 March 2014, for Madhya Pradesh in the 2013–14 Vijay Hazare Trophy.

He made his Twenty20 debut against Vidarbha cricket team at Vidarbha Cricket Association Ground in April, 2014 where he scored 20 off 10 balls as well as 4 over 23 runs took wicket of Vidharba captain Shalabh Shrivastava.

He made his List A debut against Railways cricket team at KL Saini Ground in March, 2014 where he scored 7 off 13 balls as well as he bowled 3 over for 11 runs.

He also represented Jiwaji University in 2012/13 Rohinton Baria Trophy.

Vidarbha Cricket Association Ground
The Vidarbha Cricket Association Ground is a cricket ground located in the city of Nagpur.

The ground is known as the VCA Ground and belongs to the Central Zone. The first match was played here in October 1969. As of 19 August 2017, it has hosted nine Tests and 14 ODIs.

It has been replaced as an international venue by the Vidarbha Cricket Association Stadium, but continues to be used in domestic cricket by the Vidarbha and Uttar Pradesh.

Sunil Gavaskar scored his only one day century here against New Zealand in the 1987 Reliance World Cup.

In 1995, during the 5th ODI between India and New Zealand, a wall in the East Stand collapsed, killing 9 people and injuring 70 others.
Guram Papidze
Guram Papidze (born June 16, 1997) in Tbilisi, Georgia is a Georgian rugby union player. He plays as Prop for Section Paloise in Top 14.

Papidze began his career in France with Lyon OU before joining Nevers, which enabled him to be a JIFF player (joueurs issus des filières de formation, loosely translated as "academy-trained players").

Papidze has been a Georgian international since 2022, following his representation of the Georgia U20 in the  2017 World Rugby Under 20 Championship.

Guram Papidze is part of the Georgia national rugby union team for the 2023 Rugby World Cup in France.

Lyon OU Rugby
Lyon Olympique Universitaire Rugby or LOU is a French professional rugby union team based in Lyon that currently competes in the Top 14, the highest level of the country's professional league system, having been most recently promoted for the 2016–17 season after winning the 2015–16 title of the second-level Pro D2. The club has bounced between the top two levels in recent years, having also been promoted in 2011 and 2014 and relegated in 2012 and 2015.

They were founded in 1896 and play in red and black. In 2011, the team left the Stade Vuillermet for the new Matmut Stadium. In 2017 the team moved to the Matmut Stadium de Gerland.
Township (England)
In England, a township (Latin: villa) is a local division or district of a large parish containing a village or small town usually having its own church.  A township may or may not be coterminous with a chapelry, manor, or any other minor area of local administration.

The township is notable from the following:

Vill: traditionally, among legal historians, a vill referred to the tract of land of a rural community, whereas township was used when referring to the tax and legal administration of that community.

Chapelry: the 'parish' of a chapel (a church without full parochial functions).

Tithing: the basic unit of the medieval Frankpledge system.

'Township' is, however, sometimes used loosely for any of the above.

Frankpledge
Frankpledge was a system of joint suretyship common in England throughout the Early Middle Ages and High Middle Ages. The essential characteristic was the compulsory sharing of responsibility among persons connected in tithings.  This unit, under a leader known as the chief-pledge or tithing-man, was then responsible for producing any man of that tithing suspected of a crime. If the man did not appear, the entire group could be fined.

While women, clergy, and the richer freemen were exempt, otherwise all men over 12 years of age were organised in the system for mutual surety.
Riders of the Dark
Riders of the Dark is a 1928 American silent Western film directed by Nick Grinde and written by W. S. Van Dyke and Madeleine Ruthven. The film stars Tim McCoy, Dorothy Dwan, Rex Lease, Roy D'Arcy and Frank Currier. The film was released on April 21, 1928, by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.

W. S. Van Dyke
Woodbridge Strong Van Dyke II (March 21, 1889 – February 5, 1943) was an American film director who made several early sound films, including Tarzan the Ape Man in 1932, The Thin Man in 1934, San Francisco in 1936, and six popular musicals with Nelson Eddy and Jeanette MacDonald. He received two Academy Award nominations for Best Director for The Thin Man and San Francisco, and directed four actors to Oscar nominations: William Powell, Spencer Tracy, Norma Shearer, and Robert Morley. Known as a reliable craftsman who made his films on schedule and under budget, he earned the name "One Take Woody" for his efficient style of filming.
Hope Lies Within
Hope Lies Within is an American progressive metal band from Springfield, Massachusetts, United States, formed in 2004. Hope Lies Within's current lineup consists of vocalist Uriah Rodriguez, bassist Marco Bonilla, guitarists Daniel Nawskon and Nick Egerton, and drummer Steven Padla. The band has released one studio EP entitled The Silent City and one Full Length Album entitled "Hope Lies Within".

Erlkönig (Schubert)
"Erlkönig", Op. 1, D 328, is a Lied composed by Franz Schubert in 1815, which sets Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's poem of the same name. The singer takes the role of four characters — the narrator, a father, his small son, and the titular "Erlking", a supernatural creature who pursues the boy — each of whom exhibit different tessitura, harmonic and rhythmic characteristics. A technically challenging piece for both performers and accompanists, "Erlkönig" has been popular and acclaimed since its premiere in 1821, and has been described as one of the "commanding compositions of the century".

Among Schubert's most famous works, the piece has been arranged by various composers, such as Franz Liszt (solo piano) and Heinrich Wilhelm Ernst (solo violin); Hector Berlioz, Franz Liszt, and Max Reger have orchestrated the piece.
Ignațiu Darabant
Ignațiu Darabant, O.S.B.M. (26 October 1738 – 31 October 1805) was a Romanian Greek Catholic hierarch. He was bishop of the Romanian Catholic Eparchy of Oradea Mare from 1789 to 1805.

Born in Vicea, Maramureș, Habsburg monarchy (present day – Romania) in 1738, he was ordained a priest in June 1765 as a member of the Order of Saint Basil the Great. He was appointed the Bishop by the Holy See on 30 March 1789. He was consecrated to the Episcopate on 13 March 1790. The principal consecrator was Bishop Ioan Bob.

He died in Oradea (present day – Romania) on 31 October 1805.

Catholicism portal

Maramureș
Maramureș (Romanian: Maramureș pronounced [maraˈmureʃ] ⓘ; Rusyn: Мараморош; Ukrainian: Мармарощина, romanized: Marmaroshchyna; Hungarian: Máramaros [ˈmaːrɒmɒroʃ]) is a geographical, historical and cultural region in northern Romania and western Ukraine. It is situated in the northeastern Carpathians, along parts of the upper Tisza River drainage basin; it covers the Maramureș Depression and the surrounding Carpathian mountains.

Alternatively, the term Maramureș is also used for the Maramureș County of Romania, which contains the southern section of the historical region.
Earl Catherwood
Albert Earl Catherwood (23 May 1900 – 25 March 1988) was a Canadian politician and farmer. Catherwood served as a Progressive Conservative party member of the House of Commons of Canada. Born in Hagersville, Ontario, he was a farmer by career. He was also reeve of Walpole Township, Ontario in 1947 after being a councillor there from 1935 to 1943.

He was first elected to Parliament at the Haldimand riding in the 1949 general election. When the riding was dissolved in 1952, Catherwood did not seek re-election in the new Brant—Haldimand riding but instead let John Charlton stand as the Progressive Conservative candidate for the 1953 election. He died aged 87 in 1988 at West Haldimand General Hospital, where he had resided since 1986.

Haldimand (federal electoral district)
Haldimand was a federal electoral district in the province of Ontario, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1867 to 1892 and from 1904 to 1953. It was created by the British North America Act 1867.

It initially consisted of the Townships of Oneida, Seneca, Cayuga North, Cayuga South, Rainham, Walpole, and Dunn. In 1872, the Township of Dunn was excluded from the riding. In 1882, it was defined to consist of the townships of Walpole, Oneida, Rainham, Seneca and North Cayuga, and the villages of Cayuga and Caledonia.

The electoral district was abolished in 1892 when it was merged into Haldimand and Monck riding.

Haldimand riding was recreated in 1903, consisting of the county of Haldimand.

The electoral district was abolished in 1952 when it was merged into Brant—Haldimand riding.
Namdang Stone Bridge
The Namdang Stone Bridge is a historic bridge located a few kilometers away from Sibsagar town in Assam, India. It was constructed in 1703 by craftmen brought from Bengal during the reign of Ahom king Rudra Singha. The bridge is 60 m (200 ft) long, 6.5 m (21 ft) wide and 1.7 m (5.6 ft) high. It runs over the Namdang (Tai-Ahom : Nam= Water; Dang=Red) river, a tributary of the Dikhou river. The present National Highway 37 is passing over it. The unique characteristic of the bridge is that it was cut out from a single solid piece of rock hundred years of age. The bridge is a little curved in shape. The bridge connects Sibsagar town to Jorhat and other districts in the west.

Jorhat
Jorhat (/ˈdʒɔːrhɑːt/ ⓘ JOR-haht/Assamese: [zʊ(ɹ).ɦat]) is a city in the Indian state of Assam, located 300 km east of state capital Dispur. It is the administrative headquarters of the Jorhat District. Jorhat is also the home to Asia's oldest golf course the Jorhat Gymkhana Club. Located on the banks of the Bhogdoi River, Jorhat is the 2nd biggest city in the state of Assam.
The Autograph Man
The Autograph Man, published in 2002, is the second novel by Zadie Smith.  It follows the progress of a Jewish-Italian-Chinese Londoner named Alex-Li Tandem, who buys and sells autographs for a living and is obsessed with celebrities. Eventually, his obsession culminates in a meeting with the elusive American-Russian actress Kitty Alexander, a star from Hollywood's Golden Age.  In 2003, the novel won the Jewish Quarterly-Wingate Literary Prize. The novel was a commercial success, but was not as well received by readers and critics as her previous and first novel, White Teeth (2000). Smith has stated that before she started work on The Autograph Man she had writer's block.

Autograph
An autograph is a person's own handwriting or signature. The word autograph comes from Ancient Greek (αὐτός, autós, "self" and γράφω, gráphō, "write"), and can mean more specifically:

a manuscript written by the author of its content. In this meaning the term autograph can often be used interchangeably with holograph.

a celebrity's handwritten signature. Autograph collecting is the activity of collecting such autographs.
The Lost Tapes (Sugababes album)
The Lost Tapes is the eighth studio album by British girl group Sugababes and their first independent release. While work for the album dates back to 2011 when the original lineup reunited, the album remained unreleased until its 24 December 2022 digital release. The Lost Tapes is the second Sugababes album to feature the original lineup after 2000's One Touch. The deluxe version, which included an additional three tracks, was released digitally on 31 December 2022.

The Lost Tapes debuted at number two on the UK Digital Albums chart and number 13 on the UK Independent Albums Chart. Following their one-off show at the O2 in September 2023, the album reached a new peak of number 7 on the UK Independent Albums Chart, as well as charting at number 23 on the Scottish Albums Chart. The album debuted and peaked at number 150 on the UK Albums Chart.

Ahmad (rapper)
Ahmad Ali Lewis (born October 12, 1975), simply known as Ahmad (often stylized in all caps), is an American rapper, songwriter, motivational speaker and author. He is known for the 1994 single "Back in the Day". Ahmad is also a former member and founder of the hip-hop fusion band 4th Avenue Jones.
Belle & Bunty
Belle & Bunty is a British fashion design partnership between Alice-Louise Shreeve and Hannah Coniam.

Their designs have appeared in Vogue, Elle, Victoria Beckham's That Extra Half An Inch and Marie Claire. In 2005, Shreeve received the Everywoman Artemis Award for most inspirational businesswoman under 25. In 2006, the designers were filmed for a Channel 4 Learning programme in the Tricky Business series.

Marie Claire
Marie Claire (stylized in all lowercase; French: [maʁi klɛːʁ]) is a French international monthly women's fashion magazine first published in France in 1937. Since then various editions are published in many countries and languages.

The feature editions focus on women around the world and global issues. Marie Claire magazine also covers health, beauty, fashion, politics, finance, and career topics.