hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lincoln sign
Lincoln sign is the medical sign consisting of excessive popliteal artery pulsation due to hemodynamic effects of aortic regurgitation. This sign is associated with Marfan syndrome, in which aortic root dilation and aortic incompetence are common features.

Popliteal artery
The popliteal artery is a deeply placed continuation of the femoral artery opening in the distal portion of the adductor magnus muscle. It courses through the popliteal fossa and ends at the lower border of the popliteus muscle, where it branches into the anterior and posterior tibial arteries.

The deepest (most anterior) structure in the fossa, the popliteal artery runs close to the joint capsule of the knee as it spans the intercondylar fossa. Five genicular branches of the popliteal artery supply the capsule and ligaments of the knee joint. The genicular arteries are the superior lateral, superior medial, middle, inferior lateral, and inferior medial genicular arteries. They participate in the formation of the periarticular genicular anastomosis, a network of vessels surrounding the knee that provides collateral circulation capable of maintaining blood supply to the leg during full knee flexion, which may kink the popliteal artery.
Ladies' Day (film)
Ladies' Day is a 1943 American comedy film directed by Leslie Goodwins and written by Charles E. Roberts and Dane Lussier, adapted from the play of the same name. The film stars Lupe Vélez, Eddie Albert, Patsy Kelly, Max Baer and Jerome Cowan. It was released on April 9, 1943, by RKO Pictures.

Charles E. Roberts (writer)
Charles E. Roberts (May 22, 1894 – November 10, 1951) was an American screenwriter and film director. He worked on over a hundred short films and feature films. As a writer he is particularly noted for his work on the Mexican Spitfire series for RKO Pictures. He had previously made a number of two-reel shorts featuring Leon Errol.
Abu'l-Saraya
Abu'l-Sarāyā al-Sarī ibn Manṣūr al-Shaybānī (d. 18 October 815) was leader of a Zaydi revolt against the Abbasid Caliphate in Kufa and Iraq in 815. The revolt spread quickly across southern Iraq, and his agents even took over Mecca and Medina. At one point, the rebels threatened even Baghdad, but the Abbasid general Harthama ibn A'yan drove them back to Kufa in a series of victories. Forced to abandon Kufa in late August, Abu'l-Saraya and his followers tried to flee, but were pursued, defeated, and captured. Abu'l-Saraya himself was executed at Baghdad on 18 October. The uprising continued in the Hejaz for a few months under Muhammad ibn Ja'far al-Sadiq as anti-caliph at Mecca, until this too was suppressed by the Abbasid troops.

Lower Mesopotamia
Lower Mesopotamia is a historical region of Mesopotamia. It is located in the alluvial plain of Iraq from the Hamrin Mountains to the Faw Peninsula near the Persian Gulf.

In the Middle Ages it was also known as the Sawad and al-Jazira al-sflia ("Lower Jazira"), which strictly speaking designated  only the southern alluvial plain, and Arab Iraq, as opposed to Persian Iraq, the Jibal. Lower Mesopotamia was home to Sumer and Babylonia.
Cape Colonial Forces
The Cape Colonial Forces (CCF) were the official defence organisation of the Cape Colony in South Africa. Established in 1855, they were taken over by the Union of South Africa in 1910, and disbanded when the Union Defence Forces were formed in 1912.

Griqualand West
Griqualand West is an area of central South Africa with an area of 40,000 km2 that now forms part of the Northern Cape Province. It was inhabited by the Griqua people – a semi-nomadic, Afrikaans-speaking nation of mixed-race origin, who established several states outside the expanding frontier of the Cape Colony. It was also ancestral home to the Tswana and Khoisan peoples.

In 1873 it was proclaimed as a British colony, with its capital at Kimberley, and in 1880 it was annexed by the Cape Colony. When the Union of South Africa was formed in 1910, Griqualand West was part of the Cape Province but continued to have its own "provincial" sports teams.
Adam House, Calne
Adam House is a 17th-century house at 13 The Green, Calne, Wiltshire, England. An example of Georgian architecture, it has been Grade II* listed since 1950.

It is a six/seven bedroom, L-shaped house that dates from the 17th century, and was refaced using limestone ashlar in c.1740 (Historic England) or the 1760s (Julian Orbach). There are 19th and 20th century interior and rear additions.

The house was originally timber framed. There is coursed rubblestone to the rear, and the stone slate roof has coped gables and moulded chimney stacks to the gable ends. The three-bay front has a central door, with a small Venetian window above it. The parapet is ramped higher in the centre and is adorned with four stone pineapples.

It was said by Lord Shelbourne to be named after the architect Robert Adam, who lived there while working on Bowood House.

Venetian window
A Venetian window (also known as a Serlian or Palladian window or Serlian motif)  is a distinctive architectural element that consists of a central arched window flanked by two smaller rectangular windows. This design is often used in classical architecture and has been widely employed in Renaissance, Baroque, and Neoclassical buildings. Although Sebastiano Serlio (1475–1554) did not invent it, the window features largely in the work of the Italian architect Andrea Palladio (1508–1580) and is almost a trademark of his early career. The true Palladian window is an elaborated version. Both the Venetian window or Serlian window and the Palladian window were inspired by Hellenistic and Roman examples which are part of the classical tradition and related to prestige and sacredness.
Dollar General
Dollar General Corporation is an American chain of discount stores headquartered in Goodlettsville, Tennessee. As of January 8, 2024, Dollar General operated 20,388 stores in the contiguous United States and Mexico.

The company began in 1939 in Scottsville, Kentucky, as a family-owned business called J.L. Turner and Son, owned by James Luther Turner and Cal Turner. In 1955, the name changed to Dollar General Corporation; in 1968 the company went public on the New York Stock Exchange. The Fortune 500 recognized Dollar General in 1999, and in 2020 it reached No. 112 on the list. Dollar General has grown to become one of the most profitable stores in the rural United States, with revenue reaching around $27 billion in 2019.

The company and its business practices have been subject to criticism, particularly regarding how it may be creating and perpetuating food deserts and stifling local businesses while offering fewer and lower-paying jobs.

Family business
Family business is a type of commercial organization in which management decisions are made or influenced by multiple generations of a family, related by blood, marriage or adoption, who have both the ability to influence the vision of the business and the willingness to use this ability to pursue distinctive goals. They are closely identified with the firm through leadership or ownership. Owner-manager entrepreneurial firms are not considered to be family businesses because they lack the multi-generational dimension and family influence that create the unique dynamics and relationships of family businesses.
Mambwe people
The Mambwe are an ethnic group from Mbala and Senga Hill district of Northeastern Zambia and  Kalambo District of Rukwa Region, Tanzania.
In 1987 the Mambwe population in Tanzania was estimated to number 63,000 .  The number of Mambwe in Zambia has not been independently estimated, though the combined number of Mambwe and Lungu people in Zambia was estimated to be 262,800 in 1993 .

Senga Hill (constituency)
Senga Hill is a constituency of the National Assembly of Zambia. It covers the towns of Nendo and Senga Hill in Senga Hill District of the Northern Province. The constituency is home to the Mambwe and Lungu people of Zambia.
Glazebrook railway station
Glazebrook railway station serves the villages in the civil parish of Rixton-with-Glazebrook in the Warrington unitary authority in the ceremonial county of Cheshire, England. The station, and all trains serving it, are operated by Northern Trains. The station is 9.9 miles (16 km) west of Manchester Oxford Road on the Manchester to Liverpool Line.

Borough of Warrington
The Borough of Warrington is a unitary authority area with borough status in the ceremonial county of Cheshire, England. The borough is centred around the town of Warrington, and extends out into outlying villages of Lymm and Great Sankey and the town of Birchwood.

The borough is geographically located to the north and northeast of the Cheshire West and Chester and Halton districts in Cheshire, the metropolitan borough of St Helens in Merseyside to the northwest and north and the metropolitan boroughs of Wigan and Trafford in Greater Manchester to the northeast, east, and southeast. Additionally, to the south-east, the borough borders Cheshire East. The borough is also located between the cities of Liverpool, Salford, Manchester, Chester and Preston. The district straddles the historic counties of Cheshire (the southern part of the district includes Lymm and Stockton Heath) and Lancashire (the northern part including Warrington itself and Latchford).
Caretaker Cabinet of Panayiotis Pikrammenos
The Caretaker Cabinet of Panagiotis Pikrammenos was sworn in on 17 May 2012 after the end of the period of office of the Cabinet of Lucas Papademos, when an inconclusive election on 6 May 2012 resulted in a hung parliament. According to the provisions of the Greek Constitution, President Karolos Papoulias appointed Panagiotis Pikrammenos, the outgoing chairman of the Council of State, as caretaker Prime Minister after none of the major parties was able to form a government. The subsequent elections were held on 17 June 2012, again resulting in a hung parliament, and this cabinet served until the formation of a coalition government on 21 June 2012.

Prime Minister of Greece
The prime minister of the Hellenic Republic (Greek: Πρωθυπουργός της Ελληνικής Δημοκρατίας, romanized: Prothypourgós tis Ellinikís Dimokratías), usually referred to as the prime minister of Greece (Πρωθυπουργός της Ελλάδας, Prothypourgós tis Elládas), is the head of government of the Hellenic Republic and the leader of the Greek Cabinet.

The officeholder's official seat (but not residence) is the Maximos Mansion in the centre of Athens. After the Presidency of the Government (Προεδρία της Κυβερνήσεως, Proedría tis Kyverníseos) was established, the office is referred to either as Prime Minister or President of the Government (Πρόεδρος της Κυβερνήσεως, Próedros tis Kyverníseos).
William Outten
William Robert "Bobby" Outten (October 1, 1948 – March 17, 2020) was an American politician. He was a Republican member of the Delaware House of Representatives from 2005 to 2019, representing District 30. Outten earned an AA in business administration from Delaware Technical Community College. He died in 2020 at the age of 71.

Delaware House of Representatives
The Delaware State House of Representatives is the lower house of the Delaware General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Delaware. It is composed of 41 Representatives from an equal number of constituencies, each of whom is elected to a two-year term. Its members are not subject to term limits, and their terms start the day after the election. The House meets at the Delaware Legislative Hall in Dover.
Shoalhaven District Memorial Hospital
The Shoalhaven District Memorial Hospital often shortened to Shoalhaven Hospital (abbreviated SDMH) is a public hospital serving the City of Shoalhaven in New South Wales, Australia. It is located on the banks of the Shoalhaven River 1 km (0.62 mi) from the Nowra CBD. The secondary health care facility is the main acute care hospital for the region, serving a population of over 100,000. The hospital is operated by the Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District In the 2009–2010 financial year, SDMH handled 21,193 hospitalisations. It is also affiliated with the University of Wollongong and University of New South Wales as a teaching hospital.

Teaching hospital
A teaching hospital or university hospital is a hospital or medical center that provides medical education and training to future and current health professionals. Teaching hospitals are almost always affiliated with one or more universities and are often co-located with medical schools.

Teaching hospitals use a residency program to educate qualified physicians, podiatrists, dentists, and pharmacists who are receiving training after attaining the degree of MD, DO, DPM, DDS, DMD, PharmD, BDS, BDent, MBBS, MBChB, or BMed. Those that attend a teaching hospital or clinic practice medicine under the direct or indirect supervision of a senior medical clinician registered in that specialty, such as an attending physician or consultant. The purpose of these residency programs is to create an environment where new doctors can learn to practice medicine in a safe setting which is supervised by physicians that provide both oversight and education.
ACE Amandla Charter High School
ACE Amandla Charter High School (formerly known as ACE Technical Charter High School), is a public four-year charter high school located in the Chicago Lawn neighborhood in Chicago, Illinois, United States. Opened for the 2004–2005 school year, the school is operated by Amandla Charter Schools. The name ACE stands for Architecture, Construction, and Engineering.

Chicago Lawn, Chicago
Chicago Lawn is one of the 77 community areas of Chicago, Illinois. It is located on the southwest side of the city. Its community neighbors include Gage Park, West Englewood, Ashburn, and West Lawn. It is bounded by the CSX and Norfolk Southern Railway tracks on the east, Central Park Avenue on the west, 59th Street on the north, and the Belt Railway of Chicago on the south, and is 13 km (8.1 mi) southwest of the Loop. Local citizens refer to the area as "Marquette Park," after the park in its center.
Graphocephala coccinea
Graphocephala coccinea is a meadow and woodland-dwelling species of brightly colored leafhopper native to North and Central America, from Canada south to Panama. Common names include candy-striped leafhopper, red-banded leafhopper, scarlet-and-green leafhopper, red-and-blue leafhopper, and sharpshooter.

Adults measure 6.7–8.4 mm in length and have vivid blue (or green) and red (or orange-red) stripes on their wings and the top of their thorax combined with bright yellow coloration on their head, legs, abdomen, and elsewhere.

Leafhoppers feed on plant sap with the aid of specialized mouthparts.

Sap
Sap is a fluid transported in the xylem cells (vessel elements or tracheids) or phloem sieve tube elements of a plant.  These cells transport water and nutrients throughout the plant.

Sap is distinct from latex, resin, or cell sap; it is a separate substance, separately produced, and with different components and functions.

Insect honeydew is called sap, particularly when it falls from trees, but is only the remains of eaten sap and other plant parts.
Children's Crusade
The Children's Crusade was a failed popular crusade by European Christians to establish a second Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem in the Holy Land in the early 13th century. Some sources have narrowed the date to 1212. Although it is called the Children's Crusade, it never received the papal approval from Pope Innocent III to be an actual crusade. The traditional narrative is likely conflated from a mix of historical and mythical events, including the preaching of visions by a French boy and a German boy, an intention to peacefully convert Muslims in the Holy Land to Christianity, bands of children marching to Italy, and children being sold into slavery in Tunis. The crusaders of the real events on which the story is based left areas of Germany, led by Nicholas of Cologne, and Northern France, led by Stephen of Cloyes.

San Pietro Island
San Pietro Island (Italian: Isola di San Pietro, Ligurian Tabarchino: Uiza de San Pé, Sardinian: Isula 'e Sàntu Pèdru) is an island approximately seven kilometres (four nautical miles) off the South western Coast of Sardinia, Italy, facing the Sulcis peninsula. With an area of 51 square kilometres (19+3⁄4 sq mi) it is the sixth-largest island of Italy by area. The approximately 6,000 inhabitants are mostly concentrated in the fishing town of Carloforte, the only comune in the island. It is included in the province of South Sardinia. It is named after Saint Peter.

The island is connected by regular ferry service to Portovesme and Calasetta.
James Paul Gee
James Gee (/dʒiː/; born April 15, 1948) is a retired American researcher who has worked in psycholinguistics, discourse analysis, sociolinguistics, bilingual education, and literacy. Gee most recently held the position as the Mary Lou Fulton Presidential Professor of Literacy Studies at Arizona State University, originally appointed there in the Mary Lou Fulton Institute and Graduate School of Education. Gee has previously been a faculty affiliate of the Games, Learning, and Society group at the University of Wisconsin–Madison and is a member of the National Academy of Education.

Bilingual education
In bilingual education, students are taught in two (or more) languages. It is distinct from learning a second language as a subject because both languages are used for instruction in different content areas like math, science, and history. The time spent in each language depends on the model. For example, some models focus on providing education in both languages throughout a student's entire education while others gradually transition to education in only one language. The ultimate goal of bilingual education is fluency and literacy in both languages through a variety of strategies such as translanguaging and recasting.
2026 Spikers' Turf Open Conference
The 2026 Spikers' Turf Open Conference will be the 22nd conference and the opening of the eight season of the Spikers' Turf and is set to begin on February 25, 2026.

Prior to the start of the season, nine-time champions Cignal left the league. 3B Event Masters and AEP Cabstars returns to the league.

Spikers' Turf
Spikers' Turf is the top-level men's semi-professional volleyball league in the Philippines. The league was established in 2015 by Sports Vision Management Group, Inc., the same organization behind the women's Shakey's V-League and later the Premier Volleyball League.

The first running of Spikers' Turf lasted from 2015 to 2016 before it merged with the PVL in 2017 as its men's division. In 2018, it was spun off and the league was reestablished.

The Cignal Super Spikers were the defending champions, but has since been vacated after the team took a leave of absence in January 2026. With seven titles, Cignal is also the most successful team in the league. The Criss Cross King Crunchers are the only active team to win a championship.
1981 Icelandic Cup
The 1981 Icelandic Cup was the 22nd edition of the National Football Cup.

It took place between 26 May 1980 and 30 August 1981, with the final played at Laugardalsvöllur in Reykjavík. The cup was important, as winners qualified for the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup (if a club won both the league and the cup, the defeated finalists would take their place in the Cup Winners' Cup).

The 10 clubs from the 1. Deild entered in the last 16, with clubs from lower tiers entering in the three preliminary rounds. Teams played one-legged matches. In case of a draw, the match was replayed at the opposition's ground.

The final was a rematch of the previous season - Fram and ÍBV meeting, but on this occasion it was the club from Vestmannaeyjar who qualified for Europe. IBV won the Icelandic Cup for the fourth time.

1980 Úrvalsdeild
In the 1980 season of Úrvalsdeild, 10 teams participated in the tournament in its 69th iteration. In the tournament Valur club won its 17th title. Valur's Matthías Hallgrímsson was the top scorer with 15 goals.
Anoushka Sabnis
Anoushka Sabnis (born January 27, 2007) is an Indian writer, poet and public speaker. She has published several books. She published her first book at the age of 10 using a self-publishing platform, and has since been active in advocating the benefits of reading and writing, especially for children.

All Ladies League
ALL Ladies League (ALL) is an international women's chamber for the welfare and empowering of women's leadership.  The organization was founded in 2015 by Harbeen Arora. It has a forum arm named the Women Economic Forum (WEF), to encourage peer exchange and community spirit. ALL and WEF are headquartered in India.
Battle of the Network Stars
Battle of the Network Stars is a series of competitions in which television stars from ABC, CBS and NBC would compete in various sporting events. A total of 19 of these competitions were held between 1976 and 1988, all of which were aired by ABC.

In 2003, NBC attempted to revive Battle of the Network Stars with a two-hour special.

In 2005, Bravo premiered a revived version of the show named Battle of the Network Reality Stars. Also in 2005, ESPN premiered a sports-themed spinoff version of Battle of the Network Stars as Battle of the Gridiron Stars featuring twenty players from the AFC and NFC competing in a variety of tasks that had nothing to do with football.

In 2017, ABC revived the series as a summer series, which ran from June 29 to September 7, 2017.

Pepperdine University
Pepperdine University (/ˈpɛpərdaɪn/) is a private research university affiliated with the Churches of Christ and with its main campus located in Los Angeles County, California, United States. Pepperdine's main campus consists of 830 acres (340 ha) overlooking the Pacific Ocean and the Pacific Coast Highway near Malibu, California. Founded by entrepreneur George Pepperdine in South Los Angeles in 1937, the school expanded to Malibu in 1972. Courses are now taught at the main Malibu campus, as well as the graduate campuses in the United States, Latin America, and Europe.

The university is composed of an undergraduate liberal arts school (Seaver College) and four graduate schools: the Caruso School of Law, the Graziadio Business School, the Graduate School of Education and Psychology, and the School of Public Policy. It is classified with a "Research 2 (R2): High Research Activity" designation.
Esenkıyı, Adilcevaz
Esenkıyı, formerly Pargad, is a village in the Adilcevaz District of Bitlis Province in Turkey.  The village is populated by Kurds and had a population of 220 in 2022.

It formerly had an Armenian population.

Bitlis Province
Bitlis Province (Turkish: Bitlis ili; Armenian: Բաղեշի մարզ, romanized: Bagheshi marz; Kurdish: Parêzgeha Bidlîsê) is a province of eastern Turkey, located to the west of Lake Van. It takes its name from the central city, Bitlis. Its area is 8,294 km2, and its population is 353,988 (2022). The province was part of Moxoene of the Kingdom of Armenia. Before the Armenian genocide, the area was part of the Six Armenian Vilayets and considered part of Western Armenia by Armenians. The province is considered part of Turkish Kurdistan and has a Kurdish majority. The current Governor of the province is Erol Karaömeroğlu.