hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Beth Gladen
Beth Charmaine Gladen is an American biostatistician who worked at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, where she did pioneering research on children’s environmental health with physician Walter J. Rogan, including influential studies on the harmful effects of polychlorinated biphenyl as transmitted to children in utero and through breast milk, and on correlations between breastfeeding and infant mental development. The Rogan–Gladen estimator, a frequentist correction to observed prevalence rates to account for misclassifications based on sensitivity and specificity according to the formula

is named in part for Gladen in theoretical work she published early in her career, again with Rogan.

Gladen completed her Ph.D. in statistics at Stanford University in 1977. Her dissertation, Inference from Stopped Bernoulli Trials, was supervised by Paul Switzer. She was elected as a Fellow of the American Statistical Association in 1999. She retired before 2007.

Prevalence
In epidemiology, prevalence is the proportion of a particular population found to be affected by a medical condition (typically a disease or a risk factor such as smoking or seatbelt use) at a specific time. It is derived by comparing the number of people found to have the condition with the total number of people studied and is usually expressed as a fraction, a percentage, or the number of cases per 10,000 or 100,000 people. Prevalence is most often used in questionnaire studies.
Srinagar Metro
The Srinagar Metro is a light rail transit planned for the city of Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir. The plans for the Srinagar Metro have been finalised with the work expected to start once the project gets nod from union cabinet. The proposed network will have two corridors. Each corridor of Srinagar metro will have 12 stations each with the total cost expected to be ₹5,559 crore.

Former Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC) chief E. Sreedharan, who is popularly known as 'Metro Man' following his success in Konkan railway and Delhi Metro, was appointed as the project head.

Konkan Railway zone
The Konkan Railway (abbreviated KR) is one of the 19 railway zones in India with its headquarters at CBD Belapur in Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. The Konkan Railway line from Roha to Thokur is operated and maintained by Konkan Railway corporation (KRCL).  The first passenger train ran on Konkan railway tracks on 20 March 1993, between Udupi and Mangalore. During its initial years of operation in the mountainous Konkan region, a number of accidents prompted Konkan Railway to implement new technology. Anti-collision devices, the Sky Bus and roll-on/roll-off are several of the railway's innovations.  The 756.25 km (469.91 mi) long railway line connects the states of Maharashtra, Goa and Karnataka. The first train on the completed track was sent off on 26 January 1998.
Telangana chemical factory explosion
On 30 June 2025, a fire broke out following the explosion of a building housing the reactor unit at a chemical factory in Pashamylaram, Sangareddy district, India, killing 46 people and injuring 33. The likely cause was a dust explosion.

West Pharmaceutical Services explosion
The West Pharmaceutical Plant explosion was an industrial disaster that occurred on January 29, 2003, at the West Pharmaceutical Plant in Kinston, North Carolina, United States. Six people were killed and thirty-six people were injured when a large explosion ripped through the facility. Two firefighters were injured in the subsequent blaze. The disaster occurred twelve years and 170 miles (270 km) from the 1991 Hamlet chicken processing plant fire, North Carolina's second-worst industrial disaster.
Niinisalo
Niinisalo is a village in the municipality of Kankaanpää in the region of Satakunta in Finland. It is known for the Niinisalo Garrison which is the base of the Finnish Army unit Artillery Brigade. The population of Niinisalo is 996 (2009).

The Kankaanpää Museum is located in Niinisalo. From 1977 to 1997 Niinisalo was the home of the Artillery Museum of Finland. Niinisalo railway station was designed by architect Thure Hellström in 1933 but the Pori–Haapamäki railway was closed in the 1980s.

Satakunta
Satakunta (in both Finnish and Swedish, Finnish pronunciation: [ˈs̠ɑt̪ɑˌkun̪t̪ɑ]; historically Satacundia or Satagundia) is a region (maakunta / landskap) of Finland, part of the former Western Finland Province. It borders the regions of Southwest Finland, Pirkanmaa, South Ostrobothnia and Ostrobothnia. The capital city of the region is Pori. The name of the region literally means hundred. The historical province of the same name was a larger area within Finland, covering modern Satakunta as well as much of Pirkanmaa.
Toy's Factory
Toy's Factory Inc. (株式会社トイズファクトリー, Kabushiki-gaisha Toizu Fakutorī) is a Japanese record label founded in the late 1980s as a subsidiary of the entertainment company VAP, based in Japan. On May 30, 1990, it was established as an independent company. It is an associate member of the Recording Industry Association of Japan. By the first half of 2012, Toy's Factory was the fourth-biggest Japanese record label.

Kabushiki gaisha
A kabushiki gaisha (Japanese: 株式会社; pronounced [kabɯɕi̥ki ɡaꜜiɕa] ⓘ; lit. 'share company') or kabushiki kaisha, commonly abbreviated K.K. or KK, is a type of company (会社, kaisha) defined under the Companies Act of Japan. The term is often translated as "stock company", "joint-stock company" or "stock corporation". The term kabushiki gaisha in Japan refers to any joint-stock company regardless of country of origin or incorporation; however, outside Japan the term refers specifically to joint-stock companies incorporated in Japan.
Orphir
Orphir (pronounced /ɔːrfɪr/, Old Norse: Jorfjara or Orfjara) is a parish and settlement on Mainland, Orkney, Scotland.

It is approximately 9 miles (14 kilometres) southwest of Kirkwall, and comprises a seaboard tract of about 7 by 3+1⁄2 mi (11.5 by 5.5 km), and includes Cava and the Holm of Houton. The coast includes Houton Head, about 300 feet (90 metres) tall, but all elsewhere is nearly level; and the interior is an assemblage of vales and hills, the latter culminating at about 700 ft (210 m) above sea level.

A chief residence was the Hall of Clestrain; and chief antiquities include the ruins of Earl Paul's Palace, remains of pre-Reformation chapels, the Round Kirk and several tumuli.

The ferry terminal of Houton is located in Orphir. The ferries to Flotta and Hoy (Lyness) depart from this point. Ramsdale Shooting Range is also located in Orphir.

Kirkwall
Kirkwall (Scots: Kirkwa, Kirkwaa, or Kirkwal; Norn: Kirkavå; Scottish Gaelic: Bàgh na h-Eaglaise) is the largest town in Orkney, an archipelago to the north of mainland Scotland. First mentioned in the Orkneyinga saga, it is today the location of the headquarters of the Orkney Islands Council and a transport hub with ferries to many locations. It is the centre of the St Magnus International Festival and is also a popular stopping off point for cruise ships. St Magnus Cathedral stands at the heart of the town.
James Marshall Lawson
James Marshall Lawson was a lawyer and state legislator in South Dakota. He served in the South Dakota House of Representatives, including as speaker of the house, and in the South Dakota Senate.

He helped establish Northern Normal and Industrial School.

South Dakota House of Representatives
The South Dakota House of Representatives is the lower house of the South Dakota Legislature. It consists of 70 members, two from each legislative district. Two of the state's 35 legislative districts, Districts 26 and 28, are each subdivided into two single-member districts (26A/26B and 28A/28B). The South Dakota House of Representatives meets at the South Dakota State Capitol in Pierre.
1851 California lieutenant gubernatorial election
The 1851 California lieutenant gubernatorial election was held on September 3, 1851, in order to elect the lieutenant governor of California. Democratic nominee and former Mayor of Stockton Samuel Purdy defeated Whig nominee Drury P. Baldwin.

Mayor of Stockton, California
The Mayor of the City of Stockton is the official head and chief executive officer of Stockton, California. The mayor is elected for a four-year term and limited to serving no more than two terms. Under the California Constitution, all judicial, school, county, and city offices, including those of chartered cities, are nonpartisan. Christina Fugazi is the city's 81st and current mayor, having assumed office on January 1, 2025.
Śniadka Pierwsza
Śniadka Pierwsza [ˈɕɲatka ˈpjɛrfʂa] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bodzentyn, within Kielce County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) north-east of Bodzentyn and 27 km (17 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.

Bodzentyn
Bodzentyn [bɔˈd͡zɛntɨn] ⓘ is a town in Kielce County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland, with 2,168 inhabitants as of December 2021. Bodzentyn belongs to Lesser Poland. The town lies in the Świętokrzyskie Mountains, here main office of the Świętokrzyski National Park is located.
To my peoples
To my peoples! (German: An Meine Völker!, Hungarian: Népeimhez!, Czech: Mým národům!, Slovene: Mojim narodom!, Italian: Ai miei popoli!) was a manifesto signed by Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria-Hungary in Bad Ischl on July 28, 1914. The text announced the Austro-Hungarian entry into World War I and the declaration of war on Serbia, starting World War I.

Emperor of Austria
The emperor of Austria (German: Kaiser von Österreich, Latin: Imperator Austriae) was the ruler of the Austrian Empire and later the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The hereditary imperial title and office was proclaimed in 1804 by Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor, a member of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine, and continually held by him and his heirs until Charles I relinquished power in 1918.

The emperors retained the title of Archduke of Austria. The wives of the emperors held the title empress, while other members of the family held the titles of archduke or archduchess.
Thierry Marie
Thierry Marie (born 25 June 1963) is a French former cyclist. Marie often performed well in prologue stages: he won the Tour de France prologue three times in his career, and because of that he wore the yellow jersey in those three years, for seven days in total. He also competed in the team time trial event at the 1984 Summer Olympics. On stage six of the 1991 Tour de France Marie rode alone for six hours and 234 km to win the stage and set the record for the longest post-war successful breakaway.

Marie along with Greg LeMond was one of the first cyclists to experiment with aerodynamic improvements.

Cycling at the 1984 Summer Olympics – Men's team time trial
The men's team time trial cycling event at the 1984 Summer Olympics took place on 5 August and was one of eight cycling events at the 1984 Olympics. The qualification and quarter finals were on 2 August and the semi-finals and finals on 3 August.

The Italian team recorded a dominant victory by winning by 4:10 over Switzerland. The Italian team was one of the first teams to use modern carbon-fiber disc wheels, which are now commonly used in time trials. Their time of 1h 58:28 was the fastest time ever recorded over 100 km in a team time trial, and would have been faster without a flat tire that cost them 20 seconds to change the wheel. The venue was a 15½-mile stretch of the Artesia Freeway.
Murray Kick
Murray Kick (born 5 December 1940) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Carlton in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

Kick, the son of former Carlton player Ned, made his senior debut for Carlton in 1961 and finished third in Carlton's 1962 "Best and Fairest" award, after playing 20 games during the season. Kick played on the wing in the 1962 VFL Grand Final loss to Essendon. The following year Kick appeared in 17 of a possible 18 games but would then struggle over the next two seasons with injury before leaving Carlton at the end of the 1965 VFL season.

Kick captain-coached Goulburn Valley Football League club Shepparton United from 1966 to 1968 and guided them to a premiership in his second year. Kick was then a long serving captain-coach with Lemnos, in the same league.

Goulburn Valley League
The Goulburn Valley League (GVL), also known as the Goulburn Valley Football Netball League (GVFNL), is an Australian rules football and netball competition based in the Goulburn Valley region of Victoria.
Roman Slobodjan
Roman Slobodjan (born January 1, 1975) is a German chess grandmaster since 1996, and an International master since 1993. Slobodjan won the 1995 World Junior Chess Championship (under 20).

He was twice the Under-20 German Champion- in 1992 in Augsburg, and in 1994 in Herborn.

In the August 2023 FIDE list, he has an Elo rating of 2445. His highest rating was 2575 (in July 1998).

German Chess Championship
The German Chess Championship has been played since 1861, and determines the national champion. Prior to 1880, three different federations organized chess activities in Germany: the Westdeutscher Schachbund (WDSB), the Norddeutscher Schachbund (NDSB) and the Mitteldeutscher Schachbund (MDSB). Each one organized its own championship. In 1880, the nationwide Deutscher Schachbund was founded, so afterwards only one German championship was played.

Starting from 1933, the Nazi Party took control of all social activities and until 1943 all chess championships were organized by the Großdeutscher Schachbund. After the end of World War II, separate championships were played in the occupied zones. Afterwards, from 1950 to 1989, two national championships were held in the Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic. After the reunification of Germany in 1989, a single tournament has been played.
Philippine offshore gaming operator
Philippine offshore gaming operators (POGOs), renamed Internet gaming licensees (IGLs) in October 2023, are firms operating in the Philippines that offer online gambling services to markets outside the country, with a significant portion catering to the Chinese market. POGOs began operating in the Philippines in 2003.

They have been regulated by the Philippine government since 2016, at the start of Rodrigo Duterte's presidency. During this period, the industry flourished and generated significant revenues for the Philippine government. POGOs were eventually banned and declared illegal by President Bongbong Marcos.

Philippine peso
The Philippine peso, also referred to by its Filipino name piso (Philippine English: /ˈpɛsɔː/ PEH-saw, /ˈpiː-/ PEE-, plural pesos; Filipino: piso [ˈpisɔː, ˈpɪsɔː]; sign: ₱; code: PHP), is the official currency of the Philippines. It is subdivided into 100 sentimo, also called centavos.

The peso has the symbol "₱", introduced during American rule in place of the original peso sign "$" used throughout Spanish America. Alternative symbols used are "PHP", "PhP", "Php", or just "P".

The monetary policy of the Philippines is conducted by the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP), established on January 3, 1949, as its central bank. It produces the country's banknotes and coins at its Security Plant Complex, which is set to move to New Clark City in Capas, Tarlac.
Lambada embroidery
Lambada embroidery (lambadi embroidery, Lambani, Sandur Lambani embroidery, Banjara embroidery, lepo) is the art of embellishing clothes, practiced by the Banjara, a tribe in Sanduru, Bellary, and Bijapur in Karnataka, and Hyderabad in Telangana. Lambada embroidery consists of a combination of patchwork, appliqué, beadwork, and embroidery.

Patchwork
Patchwork or "pieced work" is a form of needlework that involves sewing together pieces of fabric into a larger design. The larger design is usually based on repeating patterns built up with different fabric shapes (which can be different colors). These shapes are carefully measured and cut, basic geometric shapes making them easy to piece together.
Le Concert des Nations
Le Concert des Nations is an orchestra using period instruments, which performs the orchestral and symphonic repertoire from the Baroque to Romanticism: 1600 - 1900. The orchestra was created in 1989, the youngest of the groups conducted by the Catalan maestro and viola da gamba virtuoso Jordi Savall. Le Concert des Nations is the first orchestra of its kind made up of musicians who originate mainly from Latin countries (Spain, South America, Italy, Portugal, France as well as many other countries).  In 1992, Le Concert des Nations made its opera debut with Una Cosa Rara by Vicente Martín y Soler at the Théâtre des Champs-Élysées, Gran Teatre del Liceu, and the Auditorio Nacional. The name Le Concert des Nations refers to the work by François Couperin as an assembly of "tastes" and bears the mark of the Age of Enlightenment. Le Concert des Nations is the orchestra of La Capella Reial de Catalunya.

Vicente Martín y Soler
Anastasio Martín Ignacio Vicente Tadeo Francisco Pellegrin Martín y Soler (2 May 1754 – 30 January or 10 February 1806) was a Spanish composer of opera and ballet. Although relatively obscure now, in his own day he was compared favorably with his contemporary and admirer, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, as a composer of opera buffa. In his time he was called "Martini lo spagnuolo" ("Martini the Spaniard"); in modern times, he has been called "the Valencian Mozart". He was known primarily for his melodious Italian comic operas and his work with Lorenzo Da Ponte in the late 18th century, as well as the melody from Una cosa rara quoted in the dining scene of Mozart's Don Giovanni.
WTYN (FM)
WTYN (91.7 FM) is a radio station airing a Christian format licensed to serve Lunenburg, Massachusetts. The station is owned by Horizon Christian Fellowship  and is an affiliate of RenewFM. WTYN's programming consists of Christian music and Christian talk and teaching programs such as Turning Point with David Jeremiah, and Truth for Life with Alistair Begg.  The allocation of 91.7 to Lunenburg follows a long drawn out dispute involving WAVM, University of Massachusetts Boston (owner of WUMB-FM, whose Stow repeater WUMG started during this time and shares time with WAVM), and Living Proof, Inc (the original applicant of what became WTYN).

WUMB-FM
WUMB-FM (91.9 FM) in Boston, Massachusetts, is the radio station of the University of Massachusetts Boston. It broadcasts a mix of Americana, blues, roots, and folk hosted by its staff weekdays. On weekends the station concentrates on traditional folk, Celtic, blues, and world music including syndicated programs.  Overnight programming starting at midnight and usually through 5 am is a repeat of a portion of the previous day's programming; an announcement of this fact is made at midnight. The station has received many awards for its folk music programming.
Where We Are Tour (Westlife)
The Where We Are Tour is a tour by Irish pop band, Westlife in support of their ninth studio album, Where We Are. The band toured in numerous counties in the United Kingdom and Ireland, Faroe Islands, Scotland and Wales. The 14 May date of the tour, which took place on The O2 Arena, London, had a live broadcast on Sky Box Office. It was also taped for a concert DVD, The Where We Are Tour: Live from The O2, which was released on 29 November 2010. This was the third hottest tour of May 2010 according to Billboard.

The O2 Arena
The O2 Arena, commonly known as the O2, is a multi-purpose indoor arena in the centre of The O2 entertainment district on the Greenwich Peninsula in southeast London, England. It opened in its present form in 2007. It has the third-highest seating capacity of any indoor venue in the United Kingdom, behind Co-op Live and Manchester Arena, and in 2008 was the world's busiest music arena.

The arena and broader complex were built within the former Millennium Dome, a large dome-shaped building intended for an exhibition celebrating the turn of the third millennium. As of 2022, it is the ninth-largest building in the world by volume with a diameter of 365 metres (399 yards) and a height of 52 metres (57 yards). It is named after its primary sponsor, the telecommunications company O2, a subsidiary of Virgin Media O2. The nearest tube station is North Greenwich on the Jubilee line.
Khadidiatou Dieng
Khadidiatou Dieng (born 1992) is a Senegalese swimmer. She competed in the 50 m freestyle, 50 m, 100 m backstroke, 4 × 100 m freestyle relay (where she and 3 other swimmers broke the Senegalese record with a time of 4:15.42) and 4 x 100 medley relay (with a record breaking time of 4:46.20) events at the 2009 World Aquatics Championships and in the 50 m freestyle and 50 m backstroke events at the 2013 World Aquatics Championships.

Swimming at the 2009 World Aquatics Championships – Women's 50 metre backstroke
The heats for the women's 50 m backstroke race at the 2009 World Championships took place in the morning and evening of 29 July, with the final in the evening session of 30 July at the Foro Italico in Rome, Italy.
The Wealdstone Raider
Gordon Hill (born 31 January 1966), better known as The Wealdstone Raider, is an English builder who gained prominence as an Internet meme. A long-time supporter of Wealdstone F.C., he gained attention due to a viral video of him heckling opposing supporters of Whitehawk F.C. at a football match in March 2013, which ultimately ended in a 1–1 draw, with phrases such as "If you want some, I'll give it ya" and "You've got no fans". However, the video did not peak in popularity until December 2014.

An online article by BBC News included The Wealdstone Raider in the 'top memes and viral videos' of December 2014. The nickname "Wealdstone Raider" came from the title of the original video uploaded by YouTube user dazman21. Coincidentally, Hill claimed his brother had the nickname of "Raider" ten years prior to the upload.

Tie (draw)
A draw or tie occurs in a competitive sport when the results are identical or inconclusive. Ties or draws are possible in some, but not all, sports and games. Such an outcome, sometimes referred to as deadlock, can also occur in other areas of life such as politics, business, and wherever there are different factions regarding an issue.
Lokogba
Lokogba is an arrondissement in the Kouffo department of Benin. It is an administrative division under the jurisdiction of the commune of Lalo. According to the population census conducted by the Institut National de la Statistique Benin on February 15, 2002, the arrondissement had a total population of 12,492.

Couffo Department
Couffo or Kouffo [ku.fo] is one of the twelve departments of Benin. Couffo borders the country of Togo and the departments of Mono, Zou and Atlantique. Since 2008, the department's capital has been Aplahoué. The department of Kouffo was created in 1999 when it was split off from Mono Department.

As of 2013, the total population of the department was 745,328, with 348,574 males and 396,754 females. The proportion of women was 53.20%. The total rural population was 72.20%, while the urban population was 27.80%. The total labour force in the department was 208,974, of which 52.60% were women. The proportion of households with no level of education was 68.60%.
SGB Premiership 2024
The 2024 SGB ROWE Motor Oil Premiership was the 89th season of the top tier of British speedway and the 7th known as the SGB Premiership.

The defending champions were Sheffield Tigers and Ipswich Witches were the defending Knockout Cup champions.

Belle Vue Aces won the title, while Sheffield Tigers won the Knockout Cup.

Speedway in the United Kingdom
The sport of speedway in the United Kingdom has changed little since the first meetings in the 1920s. It has three domestic leagues, its own Speedway Grand Prix, and an annual entry into the Speedway World Cup / Speedway of Nations.