hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
N-vector
The  n-vector representation (also called geodetic normal or ellipsoid normal vector) is a three-parameter non-singular representation well-suited for replacing geodetic coordinates (latitude and longitude) for horizontal position representation in mathematical calculations and computer algorithms.

Geometrically, the n-vector for a given position on an ellipsoid is the outward-pointing unit vector that is normal in that position to the ellipsoid. For representing horizontal positions on Earth, the ellipsoid is a reference ellipsoid and the vector is decomposed in an Earth-centered Earth-fixed coordinate system. It behaves smoothly at all Earth positions, and it holds the mathematical one-to-one property.

More generally, the concept can be applied to representing positions on the boundary of a strictly convex bounded subset of k-dimensional Euclidean space, provided that that boundary is a differentiable manifold. In this general case, the n-vector consists of k parameters.

Inverse trigonometric functions
In mathematics, the inverse trigonometric functions (occasionally also called antitrigonometric, cyclometric, or arcus functions) are the inverse functions of the trigonometric functions, under suitably restricted domains. Specifically, they are the inverses of the sine, cosine, tangent, cotangent, secant, and cosecant functions, and are used to obtain an angle from any of the angle's trigonometric ratios. Inverse trigonometric functions are widely used in engineering, navigation, physics, and geometry.
Margaret Bell (athlete)
Mary Margaret Bell (later Ryan and Gibson, January 26, 1917 – May 10, 1996) was a Canadian athlete who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics. She was born in Seven Persons, Alberta.

At the 1934 Empire Games she won the bronze medal in the high jump competition and later that year the silver medal at the 1934 Women's World Games. In 1936 she finished ninth in the Olympic high jump event.  She finished fourth in the high jump contest at the 1938 Empire Games. She died in 1996, aged 79.

Athletics at the 1936 Summer Olympics – Women's high jump
The women's high jump event was part of the track and field athletics programme at the 1936 Summer Olympics. The competition was held on August 9, 1936.  The final was won by Ibolya Csák of Hungary. Gretel Bergmann, a German Jewish athlete, was prevented from competing by the Nazis.
Pic Tyndall
Pic Tyndall (from French: lit, Tyndall Peak) is a minor summit below the Matterhorn (western shoulder) in the Pennine Alps, on the boundary between Aosta Valley (northern Italy) and Switzerland. Because of its small prominence it was included in the enlarged list of alpine four-thousanders. It was named in honour of John Tyndall who made the first ascent.

John Tyndall
John Tyndall (/ˈtɪndəl/; 2 August 1820 – 4 December 1893) was an Irish physicist. His scientific fame arose in the 1850s from his study of diamagnetism. Later he made discoveries in the realms of infrared radiation and the physical properties of air, proving the connection between atmospheric CO2 and what is now known as the greenhouse effect in 1859.

Tyndall also published more than a dozen science books which brought state-of-the-art 19th century experimental physics to a wide audience. From 1853 to 1887 he was professor of physics at the Royal Institution of Great Britain in London. He was elected as a member to the American Philosophical Society in 1868.
Simon Peak (Antarctica)
Simon Peak (69°16′S 71°53′W﻿ / ﻿69.267°S 71.883°W﻿ / -69.267; -71.883) is a mountain rising to about 1,000 m on the west side of the Havre Mountains, situated in the northwest portion of Alexander Island, Antarctica. The peak lies northeast of Umber Island, an island situated in Lazarev Bay off the west coast of Alexander Island. It is situated 9.9 km east-southeast of Buneva Point, 6.4 km northeast of Kamhi Point, 14.65 km west of Mount Pontida and 6.15 km north-northeast of Gazey Nunatak, and surmounts Pipkov Glacier to the north and Oselna Glacier to the southwest. Possibly sighted by FAE, 1908–10, in January 1909; surveyed by British Antarctic Survey in 1975–76. Named after Alec Edward Simon, British Antarctic Survey aircraft mechanic, who worked on nearby Adelaide Island during the summers of years 1972 to 1976.

Buneva Point
Buneva Point (Bulgarian: нос Бунева, ‘Nos Buneva’ \'nos 'bu-ne-va\) is the sharp rocky point on the northwest coast of Alexander Island in Antarctica projecting 1 km west-southwestwards into Lazarev Bay just south of the terminus of Lennon Glacier. It is formed by the north extremity of the homonymous rocky coastal ridge extending 3.7 km in southeast direction.

The feature is named after Mara Buneva (1902–1928), heroine of the Bulgarian liberation movement in Macedonia.
Bercham Draw
Bercham Draw is a tributary stream of Animas Creek in Hidalgo County, New Mexico.

Bercham Draw is located west of Animas Creek, flows eastward down from its source at 31°36′46″N 108°57′58″W﻿ / ﻿31.61278°N 108.96611°W﻿ / 31.61278; -108.96611, at an elevation of approximately 5,540 feet (1,690 meters) in the Peloncillo Mountains to the west of the valley, to its confluence with Animas Creek in the Animas Valley at an elevation of 4,993 feet (1,522 meters).

Hidalgo County, New Mexico
Hidalgo County (Spanish: Condado de Hidalgo) is the southernmost county of the U.S. state of New Mexico. As of the 2020 census, the population was 4,178. The county seat and largest city is Lordsburg. A bill creating Hidalgo from the southern part of Grant County was passed on February 25, 1919, taking effect at the beginning of 1920. The county was named for the town north of Mexico City where the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed, which in turn was named for Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, the priest who is known as the "Father of Mexican Independence."

The county is located on the Mexico–United States border, comprises the New Mexico Bootheel, and is majority-Hispanic or Latino.
Cayuga Hojack Trail
The Cayuga Hojack Trail is one of two Hojack trails in northern Cayuga County, New York, the other being the Webster Hojack Trail in Webster. Both are built on remnants of the Hojack, a common name for the Rome, Watertown and Ogdensburg Railroad. Cayuga County maintains the 8.5-mile (13.7 km) trail, which intersects the Cato–Fair Haven Trail south of Fair Haven. Both trails are used by snowmobiles in winter, equestrians, bicyclists, and hikers in the summer.

Southwest terminus 43°15′26.1″N 76°42′50.4″W﻿ / ﻿43.257250°N 76.714000°W﻿ / 43.257250; -76.714000

Northeast terminus 43°19′43.0″N 76°35′54.5″W﻿ / ﻿43.328611°N 76.598472°W﻿ / 43.328611; -76.598472

Webster, New York
Webster is a town in the northeastern corner of Monroe County, New York, United States. The town is named after orator and statesman Daniel Webster. The population was 45,327 at the 2020 census, up from 42,641 in 2010. The town contains a village also named Webster. It is located in the Rochester Metropolitan Area.
Coterra
Coterra Energy Inc. is an American energy company engaged in hydrocarbon exploration based in Houston, Texas. The company has operations in the Permian Basin, Marcellus Shale, and the Anadarko Basin.

As of 31 December 2024, the company had 2,271 million barrels of oil equivalent (1.389×1010 GJ) of estimated proved reserves, of which 85% was natural gas, 7% was petroleum, and 8% was natural gas liquids.

Anadarko Basin
The Anadarko Basin is a geologic depositional and structural basin centered in the western part of the state of Oklahoma and the Texas Panhandle, and extending into southwestern Kansas and southeastern Colorado. The basin covers an area of 50,000 square miles (130,000 km2). By the end of the 20th Century, the Anadarko Basin was producing the largest amount of natural gas in the United States. Notable oil and gas fields within the basin include the Hugoton-Panhandle Gas Field, West Edmond Field, Union City Field and the Elk City Field. The basin is also the only commercial source of iodine in the United States and a major producer of helium.
Tommy Bartlett
Thomson "Tommy" Bartlett (July 11, 1914 – September 6, 1998) was an American showman and entertainment mogul from Wisconsin. He is most often associated with the water skiing thrill show based in Wisconsin Dells, Wisconsin, known as Tommy Bartlett's Thrill Show. The success of this and other traveling water ski shows led to Bartlett's induction into the Water Ski Hall of Fame in 1993. His shows have toured the United States, the Far East, and four World Fairs, and have been seen by 50 million spectators.

Water Ski Hall of Fame and Museum
The Water Ski Hall of Fame and Museum is the hall of fame, museum, and archive of the sport of water skiing. Founded in 1980 and currently located in Davenport, Florida, the organization is administered by the USA Water Ski Foundation.
Pinellas
Pinellas is the name of a peninsula located roughly halfway down the west coast of Florida. It forms the western boundary of Tampa Bay and comprises the bulk of Pinellas County. There is a city named Pinellas Park in south Pinellas. The peninsula is bounded on the north by Pasco County, Florida, on the northeast by Hillsborough County, and on the east and south by Tampa Bay. It is bounded on the west by the Intracoastal Waterway and the Gulf of Mexico. The Pinellas peninsula connects to the south with Manatee County via the Sunshine Skyway Bridge and connects with Hillsborough County on the east via the Courtney Campbell Causeway, the Howard Frankland Bridge, and the Gandy Bridge.

Hillsborough County, Florida
Hillsborough County is located in the west-central portion of the U.S. state of Florida. In the 2020 census, the population was 1,459,762, making it the fourth-most populous county in Florida and the most populous county outside the Miami metropolitan area. An estimate in 2021 shows the population of Hillsborough County at 1,512,070 people with a yearly growth rate of 1.34%, which itself is greater than the populations of 12 states according to their 2019 population estimates. Its county seat and largest city is Tampa. Hillsborough County is part of the Tampa–St. Petersburg–Clearwater Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Friedrich Fichter
Friedrich Fichter (6 July 1869 – 1952) was a professor of inorganic chemistry at the University of Basel. His main field of interest was electrochemistry. He initiated the founding of the scientific journal Helvetica Chimica Acta.

Electrochemistry
Electrochemistry is the branch of physical chemistry concerned with the relationship between electrical potential difference and identifiable chemical change. These reactions involve electrons moving via an electronically conducting phase (typically an external electric circuit, but not necessarily, as in electroless plating) between electrodes separated by an ionically conducting and electronically insulating electrolyte (or ionic species in a solution).

When a chemical reaction is driven by an electrical potential difference, as in electrolysis, or if a potential difference results from a chemical reaction as in an electric battery or fuel cell, it is called an electrochemical reaction. In electrochemical reactions, unlike in other chemical reactions,  electrons are not transferred directly between atoms, ions, or molecules, but via the aforementioned electric circuit. This phenomenon is what distinguishes an electrochemical reaction from a conventional chemical reaction.
Coeliades chalybe
Coeliades chalybe, the blue policeman, is a butterfly in the family Hesperiidae. It is found in Senegal, Greece, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, from Equatorial Guinea to Angola and to Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania. The habitat consists of primary and secondary forests.

Adults of both sexes feed at flowers on forest edges or along forest roads.  Adult males also feed from bird droppings.

The larvae feed on Theobroma cacao, Cynanchum, Acridocarpus (including Acridocarpus smeathmanni) and Marsdenia species.

Forest track
Forest tracks or forest roads are roads or tracks intended to carry motorised vehicles or horse-drawn wagons being used mainly or exclusively for forestry purposes, such as conservation or logging. Forest tracks may be open to ramblers or mountain bikers depending on local rules.
Cloud9 New York
Cloud9 New York are an American professional Call of Duty League (CDL) esports team based in New York City. The team is operated by Cloud9, an esports organization owned by Jack Etienne. The team were formerly known as the New York Subliners (NYSL), owned by Sterling Equities subsidiary Sterling.VC. New York was announced as one of the first five cities to own a spot in the CDL.

Sterling Equities
Sterling Equities is a diversified, family-run group of companies based in Great Neck, New York whose portfolio consists primarily of holdings in real estate, sports, and media in the New York area. These include SportsNet New York, the New York Excelsior, Sterling Project Development, and a number of real estate investment portfolios and real estate services businesses. The firm became embroiled in the Bernie Madoff Scandal exposing a relationship between Sterling Equities partners and Bernie Madoff spanning 20 years. The partners eventually settled a billion dollar suit with the Madoff Trustee, Irving Picard, for $161 million.
Ak-Suu (Chu)
The Ak-Suu or Aqsu (Kyrgyz: Ак-Суу [ɑq suː], Kazakh: Ақсу Aqsū, both meaning "white water") is a river running through mostly Moskva District, Chüy Region, Kyrgyzstan and Shu District, Jambyl Region, Kazakhstan. It is 155 kilometres (96 mi) long, and has a drainage basin of 483 square kilometres (186 sq mi). It takes its rise on the northern slope of the Kyrgyz Ala-Too, and it runs through the Narzan Valley north into the Chüy Valley and through the city of Belovodskoye, which is named after it. It flows into the Chu (left tributary) in southern Kazakhstan.

Jambyl Region
Jambyl Region, formerly named Dzhambul Region until 1991, is a region of Kazakhstan. The population of the region is 1,209,665 Its administrative center is Taraz, with a population of 335,100. To the south the region borders Kyrgyzstan and nearly borders Uzbekistan in the southwest. Jambyl also borders three other provinces of Kazakhstan: Karaganda Region (to the north), Turkistan Region (to the west), and Almaty Region (to the east). The total area is 144,200 square kilometres (55,700 mi2). The province borders Lake Balkhash to its northeast. The province (and its capital during the Soviet era) was named after the Kazakh akyn (folk singer) Jambyl Jabayev.
Lu Min (aviator)
Lu Min (Chinese: 鲁珉; November 12, 1926 – December 21, 2000)  was a MiG-15 pilot of the People's Republic of China. Born in Longkou, Shandong Province, he was a flying ace during the Korean War, with eight victories.

He was a member of the 12th Fighter Aviation Division. He was later purged due to alleged connections with Marshal Lin Biao's coup attempt against Mao Zedong.

Although all Chinese aces have received the title Combat Hero in acknowledgement of their services, very little information is known of the Chinese pilots during the war due to the lack of published records.

Lu Min died on December 21, 2000.

Order of Heroic Exemplar
The Order of the Heroic Exemplar (Chinese: 英雄模范勋章) was the second highest military decoration, during 2011 and 2018, awarded by the Government of the People's Republic of China, only second to the Order of August First, and was named Heroic Exemplar Medal (Chinese: 英雄模范奖章) before 2011. The person who gained the award is called Heroic Exemplar (Chinese: 英模).

According to the 2018 amendment of PLA Disciplinary Order, the First Class Order of Heroic Exemplar is renamed back to Heroic Exemplar Medal (Chinese: 英模奖章), and the Second Class Order is abandoned.
Arizona Complex League Angels
The Arizona Complex League Angels are a professional baseball team competing as a Rookie-level affiliate of the Los Angeles Angels in the Arizona Complex League (ACL) of Minor League Baseball. The team plays its home games at Tempe Diablo Stadium in Tempe, Arizona. The team is composed mainly of players who are in their first year of professional baseball either as draftees or non-drafted free agents from the United States, Canada, Dominican Republic, Venezuela, and other countries.

The ACL Angels won the ACL championship in 2025.

Free Agents
Free Agents is a romantic black comedy starring Stephen Mangan, Sharon Horgan and Anthony Head. Originally a pilot for Channel 4 in November 2007, the series began on 13 February 2009. It spawned a short lived American remake, which was cancelled after just 4 episodes aired, although 4 more were later released on Hulu.
Lasco, California
Lasco was a seasonal logging camp in Lassen County, California. It was located on what was the Fernley and Lassen Railway branch of the Southern Pacific Railroad 8 miles (13 km) north of Westwood, at an elevation of 5574 feet (1699 m).

Lasco was the site of a prominent logging camp constructed in 1922.  It opened in 1923, and was a seasonal home for 250 loggers as well as their families.  The camp was reportedly so attractive that cars would pull in thinking it was a summer resort.

Seasonal occupation ended after the 1930 logging season.  Evidence of the camp could still be found on the ground according to a 1983 U.S. Forest Service report.

The former Lasco rail station now lies along the Bizz Johnson trail, which was created after the Fernley and Lassen Railway line was abandoned in 1978.

Westwood, California
Westwood is a census-designated place (CDP) in Lassen County, California, United States. Westwood is located 20 miles (32 km) west-southwest of Susanville, at an elevation of 5,128 feet (1,563 m). Its population is 1,541 as of the 2020 census, down from 1,647 from the 2010 census.
Heyland
Heyland is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Jean-Christophe Heyland (1791–1866), Swiss artist

Michael Heyland, British theatre director and actor

Rob Heyland (born 1954), British actor and screenwriter

Michael Heyland
Michael Heyland is a retired British actor and director. He was Director of Productions of the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company from 1969 to 1978.  Later, he was an arts and events consultant for many organizations and managed the Royal Choral Society for sixteen years, among other projects.  As an actor and voice actor, he has appeared on radio, TV and in films.
47th World Science Fiction Convention
The 47th World Science Fiction Convention (Worldcon), also known as Noreascon 3 (or "...Three", or "...III"), was held on 31 August–4 September 1989 at the Sheraton-Boston Hotel, Hilton Hotel, Boston Park Plaza, and the Hynes Convention Center in Boston, Massachusetts, United States.

The chairman was Mark L. Olson.

Hilton Boston Park Plaza
The Hilton Boston Park Plaza is a historic hotel in Boston, Massachusetts, United States, opened on March 10, 1927. It was built by hotelier E.M. Statler as part of his Statler Hotels chain. A prototype of the grand American hotel, it was called a "city within a city" and also contains an adjoining office building. It was the first hotel in the world to offer in-room radio in every room.
The Renegades of Pern
Children's literature portal

The Renegades of Pern is a science fiction novel by the American-Irish author Anne McCaffrey. It is the tenth book in the Dragonriders of Pern series. It was first published in 1989.

Like Nerilka's Story, The Renegades of Pern is a departure from the normal perspective for the Dragonrider books, presenting a parallel viewpoint, this time running concurrent with the original trilogy; the book begins at the time of Dragonflight and ends a little after the ending of The White Dragon. It tells several stories, tied together by the figure of Thella, renegade sister of Larad (Lord Holder of Telgar Hold). The exploration of the Southern Continent and discovery of ancient human relics there (including the activities of Piemur and Menolly from the Harper Hall trilogy) also figure in the novel, which ends where All the Weyrs of Pern begins.

Anne McCaffrey
Anne Inez McCaffrey (1 April 1926 – 21 November 2011) was an American writer known for the Dragonriders of Pern science fiction series. She was the first woman to win a Hugo Award for fiction (Best Novella, Weyr Search, 1968) and the first to win a Nebula Award (Best Novella, Dragonrider, 1969). Her 1978 novel The White Dragon became one of the first science-fiction books to appear on the New York Times Best Seller list.

In 2005 the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America named McCaffrey its 22nd Grand Master, an annual award to living writers of fantasy and science fiction. She was inducted by the Science Fiction Hall of Fame on 17 June 2006. She also received the Robert A. Heinlein Award for her work in 2007.
Eduardo Allax
Eduardo Allax Scherpel, sometimes known as just Eduardo (born 2 July 1977) is a Brazilian professional coach and former player.

Allax played as a goalkeeper and began his career in 1998 with Portuguesa do Rio. He was noted for scoring a header while playing for Bangu over Fluminense, in the final minutes of extra time during the 2002 Campenato Carioca semifinal, however, the goal was controversially invalidated. Eduardo would score again in 2003, this time for Atlético Mineiro. He is one of the most capped goalkeepers for Náutico, playing for the club between 2006 and 2009.

2002 Campeonato Carioca
The 2002 edition of the Campeonato Carioca kicked off on January 26 and ended on June 27, 2002. It is the official tournament organized by FFERJ (Federação de Futebol do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, or Rio de Janeiro State Football Federation. Only clubs based in the Rio de Janeiro State are allowed to play. Eighteen teams contested this edition. Due to multiple schedule conflicts with the Rio-São Paulo tournament that year, the big teams used mostly reserve teams in the first phase. Fluminense won the title for the 29th time, however, due to an incident in the semifinals, the title remained under dispute until 2009. Entrerriense, CFZ, Cabofriense, Serrano, Portuguesa, São Cristóvão and Itaperuna were relegated.
Maragatha Veenai (TV series)
Maragatha Veenai is a 2014 Indian Tamil-language soap opera that aired on Sun TV. The show ran from 27 January 2014 to 28 September 2017 and aired Monday through Saturday for 1,102 episodes.

The show starred Santhoshi, Kumar, Sangeetha, Raja, Manokaran and Deepa. This show was produced by Cine Time Entertainment and directed by L.Muthukumaraswamy, P.Selvam, O.N Rathnam and Vasubharthi Shivashankaran for 1102 episodes. It also airs in Sri Lanka Tamil Channel on Shakthi TV.

Shakthi TV
Shakthi TV (Tamil: சக்தி) is the first Tamil television service of Sri Lanka. It is the number one Tamil station in Sri Lanka. This general entertainment channel broadcasts serials, films, sports, current affairs, news and children's programs. It mainly airs programs from Sun TV (India). Shakthi TV is available worldwide through YuppTV.