hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Modernising Medical Careers
Modernising Medical Careers (MMC) is a programme for postgraduate medical training introduced in the United Kingdom in 2005. The programme replaced the traditional grades of medical career before the level of Consultant. The different stages of the programme contribute towards a "Certificate of Completion of Training" (CCT). It has been dogged by criticism within and outside the medical profession, and an independent review of MMC led by Professor Sir John Tooke criticised many aspects of it.

MMC refers to both the programme itself, and also to the temporary organization, formed in 2003, responsible for its nationwide implementation.

Independent reviews in the United Kingdom
Independent reviews in the United Kingdom are non-statutory, flexible, arm's-length investigations into matters of concern. They are often commissioned by ministers and departments of the UK Government to examine policy or public interests outside formal, statutory public inquiry frameworks. Unlike statutory public inquiries, they lack powers to compel evidence and use flexible evidence-gathering methods such as focus groups, confidential interviews, and calls for evidence.

Independent reviews vary in duration from rapid assessments to multi-year probes with interim and final reports. Processes adapt to context, preserving agility but requiring bespoke setup. Final reports deliver findings and actionable recommendations, which governments may adopt or respond to formally. Independent reviews thus complement public inquiries by offering policy-focused scrutiny with procedural flexibility.
Deipnosophistae
The Deipnosophistae (Ancient Greek: Δειπνοσοφισταί, Deipnosophistaí, lit. 'The Dinner Sophists', where sophists may be translated more loosely as 'sages, philosophers, experts') is a work written c. 200 AD in Ancient Greek by Athenaeus of Naucratis. It is a long work of literary, historical, and antiquarian references set in Rome at a series of banquets held by the protagonist Publius Livius Larensis for an assembly of grammarians, lexicographers, jurists, musicians, and hangers-on.

Zoilus
Zoilus (Greek: Ζωΐλος Zoilos; c. 400 – 320 BC) was a Greek grammarian and literary critic from Amphipolis in Eastern Macedonia, then known as Thrace. He took the name Homeromastix (Ὁμηρομάστιξ "Homer whipper"; gen.: Ὁμηρομάστιγος) later in life.
Cloud-Based Secure File Transfer
Cloud-Based Secure File Transfer is a managed or hosted file transfer service that provides cloud storage that can be accessed via SSH File Transfer Protocol (SFTP). These services allow secure, reliable file transfers while offering the scalability, redundancy, and high availability of cloud infrastructure.

Cloud storage
Cloud storage is a model of computer data storage in which data, said to be on "the cloud", is stored remotely in logical pools and is accessible to users over a network, typically the Internet. The physical storage spans multiple servers (sometimes in multiple locations), and the physical environment is typically owned and managed by a cloud computing provider. These cloud storage providers are responsible for keeping the data available and accessible, and the physical environment secured, protected, and running. People and organizations buy or lease storage capacity from the providers to store user, organization, or application data.

Cloud storage services may be accessed through a colocated cloud computing service, a web service application programming interface (API) or by applications that use the API, such as cloud desktop storage, a cloud storage gateway or Web-based content management systems.
Rick Husband Amarillo International Airport
Rick Husband Amarillo International Airport (IATA: AMA, ICAO: KAMA, FAA LID: AMA) is a public airport six miles (10 km) east of downtown Amarillo, in Potter County, Texas, United States. The airport was renamed in 2003 after NASA astronaut and Amarillo native Rick Husband, who died in the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster in February of that year.

Western Airlines
Western Airlines was a trunk carrier, a scheduled airline based in California, operating in the Western United States including Alaska and Hawaii, and western Canada, as well as to New York City, Boston, Washington, D.C., and Miami and to Mexico City, London and Nassau. Western had hubs at Los Angeles International Airport, Salt Lake City International Airport, and the former Stapleton International Airport in Denver. Before it merged with Delta Air Lines in 1987 it was headquartered at Los Angeles International Airport (LAX). Throughout the company's history, its slogan was "Western Airlines...The Only Way to Fly!"
Pandia
In Greek mythology, the goddess Pandia /pænˈdaɪə/ or Pandeia (Ancient Greek: Πανδία, Πανδεία, meaning "all brightness") was a daughter of Zeus and the goddess Selene, the Greek personification of the moon. From the Homeric Hymn to Selene, we have: "Once the Son of Cronos [Zeus] was joined with her [Selene] in love; and she conceived and bare a daughter Pandia, exceeding lovely amongst the deathless gods." An Athenian tradition perhaps made Pandia the wife of Antiochus, the eponymous hero of Antiochis, one of the ten Athenian tribes (phylai).

Originally Pandia may have been an epithet of Selene, but by at least the time of the late Homeric Hymn, Pandia had become a daughter of Zeus and Selene. Pandia (or Pandia Selene) may have personified the full moon, and an Athenian festival called the Pandia (probably held for Zeus) was perhaps celebrated on the full-moon and may have been connected to her.

Phyle
Phyle (Greek: φυλή, romanized: phulē, lit. 'tribe, clan'; pl. phylai, φυλαί; derived from Greek φύεσθαι, phyesthai lit. 'to descend, to originate') is an ancient Greek term for tribe or clan. Members of the same phyle were known as symphyletai (Greek: συμφυλέται) meaning 'fellow tribesmen'. During the late 6th century BC, Cleisthenes organized the population of Athens in ten phylai (tribes), each consisting of three trittyes ("thirtieths"), with each trittys comprising a number of demes. Tribes and demes had their own officers and were self-administered. Some phylai can be classified by their geographic location, such as the Geleontes, the Argadeis, the Hopletes, and the Agikoreis in Ionia, as well as the Hylleans, the Pamphyles, the Dymanes in Doris.
Zhou Zhimian
Zhou Zhimian (Chinese: 周之冕), courtesy name as Fuqing, sobriquet as Shaogu, is a noted Chinese painter in Ming Dynasty. His birth and death years are unknown. He was born in Changshu, Jiangsu Province.

He excelled at bird-and-flower painting, especially domestic birds. He observed the birds flying and eating, and painted them in a pure and terse taste.

Changshu
Changshu (Chinese: 常熟; pinyin: Chángshú; Wade–Giles: Ch'ang-shu'; lit. 'evergrow'; Suzhounese: /d͡ʐan¹³ ʐoʔ²³/) is a county-level city under the jurisdiction of Suzhou, Jiangsu province, and is part of the Yangtze River Delta. It borders the prefecture-level city of Nantong to the northeast across the Yangtze River. Due to the mild climate and terrain, it has had a high level of agriculture since ancient times, and is named after this: the first character of its name (常) means "always, often", while the second (熟) means "ripe". The name of the adjacent county-level city of Taicang means "great granary".
Nepenthes halmahera
Nepenthes halmahera is a tropical pitcher plant native to the island of Halmahera, North Maluku, Indonesia. In 2015, it was considered confined to the Weda Bay Nickel Project concession area, growing in open areas on ultramafic substrates at altitudes of 10–760 metres (30–2,490 ft). However, the 2018 IUCN assessment found the species to be common in the Weda Bay area. The type specimen used to be regarded as an aberrant representative of N. danseri.

Ultramafic rock
Ultramafic rocks (also referred to as ultrabasic rocks, although the terms are not wholly equivalent) are igneous and meta-igneous rocks with a very low silica content (less than 45%), generally >18% MgO, high FeO, low potassium, and are usually composed of greater than 90% mafic minerals (dark colored, high magnesium and iron content). Earth's mantle is composed of ultramafic rocks. Ultrabasic is a more inclusive term that includes igneous rocks with low silica content that may not be extremely enriched in Fe and Mg, such as carbonatites and ultrapotassic igneous rocks.
Sadae Mazlomeen Dharna (Parachinar)
The Turi and Bangash tribes staged a sit-in protest near Shaheed Park for eight days following two explosions in Parachinar. The sit-in began after the two bombs went off on 23 June 2017 Friday evening, as shoppers were out buying supplies in preparation for the breaking of the fast on one of the last days of the holy month of Ramadan.This incident followed the callous sectarian terror attack in Parachinar. The Parachinar's sit-in was named as Sadae Mazlomeen Dharna (Voice of Victims Sit-in)

The relatives and people of Parachinar have put forth the demand that Chief of Army Staff, Interior Minister Chaudhry Nisar and other high-level officials should visit the area.

Turi (Pashtun tribe)
The Turi or Torai are a Pashtun tribe residing primarily in the Kurram Valley, of Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, with a smaller population across the Durand line in Afghanistan's Paktia province. They speak Pashto and follow the Twelver Shia sect of Islam. Unlike most Pashtun tribes, who are predominantly Sunni, the Turi's adherence to Shia Islam has historically contributed to tensions with neighbouring Sunni Pashtun tribes, such as the Mangal and Bangash, who also inhabit the Kurram Valley. These tensions are further complicated by land disputes and historical factors.
Clareton, Wyoming
Clareton is located in the southern part of Weston County, Wyoming, United States, one mile south of State Highway 450. It is within the boundaries of the Thunder Basin National Grassland. The Clareton Oil Field is located south and east of Clareton.

The town of Clareton was first settled by Clarence Arthur Townsend (1892–1952) and his family, hence the name Clareton. Clarence built the Grange hall where the store and post office were included.

Thunder Basin National Grassland
The Thunder Basin National Grassland is located in northeastern Wyoming in the Powder River Basin between the Big Horn Mountains and the Black Hills. The Grassland ranges in elevation from 3,600 to 5,200 feet (1,100 to 1,600 m), and the climate is semi-arid. The Grassland provides opportunities for recreation, including hiking, sightseeing, hunting, and fishing. There are no developed campgrounds; however, camping is allowed. Land patterns are very complex because of the intermingled federal, state, and private lands.

In descending order of land area, it is located in parts of Weston, Converse, Campbell, Niobrara, and Crook counties. It is managed together with Medicine Bow - Routt National Forest from Forest Service offices in Laramie, Wyoming; its local ranger district office is in Douglas.
Kin'ichi Sawaki
Kin’ichi Sawaki (Japanese: 沢木 欣一; October 6, 1919 – November 5, 2001) was a Japanese haiku poet and essayist.

Sawaki was born in Toyama. Since his father worked as a teacher in Korea, he spent his childhood in Korea until he graduated from junior high school. He studied at the University of Tokyo. In 1946, he founded the magazine Kaze ("Wind"). He advocated for the idea of "social haiku" in the magazine. In 1966, he was appointed Professor at the Tokyo University of the Arts.

From 1987 to 1993, he was president of the Association of Haiku Poets. In 1993, he was awarded the Order of the Rising Sun, 3rd class. He also won the Dakotsu Prize in 1996.

He was married to the poet Ayako Hosomi.

Tokyo University of the Arts
Tokyo University of the Arts (東京藝術大学, Tōkyō Geijutsu Daigaku) or Tokyogeidai (東京芸大) is a school of art and music in Japan. Located in Ueno Park, it also has facilities in Toride, Ibaraki, Yokohama, Kanagawa, and Adachi, Tokyo. The university has trained artists in the fields of painting, sculpture, crafts, inter-media, sound, music composition, traditional instruments, art curation and global arts.
Beautiful (Treasure song)
"Beautiful" is a Japanese song recorded by South Korean boy band Treasure that was released in full version on February 14, 2021, by YGEX for the Black Clover anime series and the lead single for the Japanese version of the group's debut studio album.

YGEX
YGEX is a Japanese record label. A subsidiary of the Avex Group, it is headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. It was founded on April 12, 2011 by Japanese record company Avex Group and South Korean entertainment company YG Entertainment, and this is the first time that a Korean entertainment company has established a record label in Japan. The label's name YGEX is a portmanteau of the companies involved, YG Entertainment and AVEX, and has two meanings: "EXPERIENCE" and "EXCLUSIVE".
Juan Pérez de Zurita
Juan Pérez de Zurita (1516 – c. 1595) was a Spanish conquistador, the son of Alonso Díaz de Zurita, native of Cañete de las Torres and Inés Fernández de Córdova. In 1536 he began his military career. In 1548 he was in Granada and in 1550 he embarked to the Indies with his brother Alonso de Zurita. In 1553 went on to the kingdom of Peru.  At the beginning of 1557, by order of the Viceroy Hurtado de Mendoza he was sent with an expedition of 700 soldiers under the command of his son García Hurtado de Mendoza, to Chile.  From there by order of the new Governor Mendoza, he was sent with a command of 70 men with the position of Lieutenant Governor and Greater Justice for the province of Tucuman, Juries and Diaguitas. He crossed the Andes Mountains and arrived at Santiago del Estero in May 1558.

Andrés Hurtado de Mendoza, 3rd Marquis of Cañete
Andrés Hurtado de Mendoza y Cabrera, 3rd Marquis of Cañete (c. 1500 – March 30, 1561), also known as El Viejo, was a Spanish military officer and, from June 29, 1556 to his death on March 30, 1561, the third Viceroy of Peru.
Jun Regalado
Nemesio Regalado Jr., known professionally as Jun Regalado, is a Filipino drummer and session musician. He has been dubbed "the most recorded drummer in the Philippines" with a career spanning more than 55 years.

Regalado recorded drum tracks for over 400 albums with various performers and bands such as the Mabuhay Singers, Pilita Corrales, Imelda Papin, Hagibis, Rey Valera, Gary Valenciano, Ryan Cayabyab, Celeste Legaspi, Apo Hiking Society, Basil Valdez, Zsa Zsa Padilla, Sharon Cuneta, VST & Co., and many others. Regalado has also earned recognition internationally, having worked with David Pomeranz, The Lettermen, Matt Monroe, Spiral Starecase, Stephen Bishop, and John Ford Coley.

David Pomeranz
David Pomeranz (born February 9, 1951) is an American singer, songwriter, composer, lyricist, and writer for musical theater. He is also an ambassador for Operation Smile, a foundation dedicated to cleft lip and palate and a member of the Church of Scientology.
State Highway 27 (New Zealand)
State Highway 27 (SH 27) is a state highway in the Waikato region of the North Island of New Zealand. It is an important north–south link along the Waihou/Piako valley and forms an important transport route across the mostly dairy farming Matamata-Piako District. SH 27, in conjunction with SH 2, is often used as an alternative route to SH 1 between Auckland and Tauranga, Rotorua and Taupō.

For its entire length, SH 27 is a single carriageway road with one lane in each direction and at-grade intersections and property access. The New Zealand Transport Agency classifies the highway as an arterial route.

Traffic at Kaihere increased by 31%, from an average of 3,965 vehicles a day in 2008, to 5,182 in 2017 and 5,467 in 2019. In 2017 982 (19%) of those were heavy vehicles, mainly trucks.

Taupō
Taupō, sometimes written Taupo, is a town located in the central North Island of New Zealand. It is situated on the edge of Lake Taupō, which is the largest freshwater lake in New Zealand. Taupō was constituted as a borough in 1953. It has been the seat of Taupō District Council since the council was formed in 1989.

Taupō is the largest urban area of the Taupō District, and the second-largest urban area in the Waikato region, behind Hamilton. It has a population of approximately 26,600 (June 2024). Taupō is known for its natural beauty, with the surrounding area offering a range of outdoor recreational activities such as hiking, fishing, skiing, and water sports. Visitors can also enjoy a variety of attractions, including the Wairakei Power Station, Huka Falls, and the Tongariro National Park.
Asheim
Asheim is a Norwegian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Henrik Asheim (born 1983), Norwegian politician for the Conservative Party

Lester Asheim (1914–1997), American Professor of Library Science

Nils Asheim (1895–1966), Norwegian politician for the Liberal Party

Steve Asheim (born 1970), American drummer and songwriter

Nils Asheim
Nils Asheim (17 December 1895 – 26 August 1966) was a Norwegian politician for the Liberal Party.

He served as a deputy representative to the Norwegian Parliament from Oppland during the term 1945–1949.
Frank T. Tucker
Frank Tyler Tucker (June 11, 1864  – September 1, 1910) was an American politician and lawyer.

Frank Tyler Tucker was born June 11, 1864, in Macon Township, Lenawee County, Michigan. His parents were Dr. E. L. Tucker and Mary Frances Tyler Tucker.

Tucker moved to Omro, Winnebago County, Wisconsin. In 1886, Tucker graduated from the Northern Indiana Normal School and was principal of the schools in Omro and Winneconne, Winnebago County, Wisconsin. Tucker went to the University of Wisconsin Law School and was admitted to the Wisconsin bar. Tucker practiced law in Neillsville, Wisconsin, In 1893 and 1897, Tucker served in the Wisconsin State Assembly from Winnebago County, Wisconsin and was a Republican. Tucker was appointed law examiner in the office of the Wisconsin Attorney General and later was appointed assistant attorney general. Tucker drowned in the Wolf River in Oshkosh, Wisconsin while campaigning in the Republican primary for the office of Wisconsin Attorney General.

University of Wisconsin Law School
The University of Wisconsin Law School is the law school of the University of Wisconsin–Madison, a public research university in Madison, Wisconsin. Founded in 1868, the school is guided by a "law in action" legal philosophy which emphasizes the role of the law in practice and society. It offers the Juris Doctor, Master of Laws, and Doctor of Juridical Science degrees; Juris Doctor graduates of the law school receive admission to the Wisconsin bar without taking a traditional bar examination via diploma privilege.
Echemus lacertosus
Echemus lacertosus is an endemic spider species of the family Gnaphosidae that lives on Príncipe in São Tomé and Príncipe. It was first described in 1907 by Eugène Simon.

Its female holotype measures 8 mm.

Eugène Simon
Eugène Louis Simon (French pronunciation: [øʒɛn lwi simɔ̃]; 30 April 1848 – 17 November 1924) was a French naturalist who worked particularly on insects and spiders, but also on birds and plants. He is by far the most prolific spider taxonomist in history, describing over 4,000 species.
Dean L.C. Sears House
The Dean L.C. Sears House was a historic house at 805 East Center Street in Searcy, Arkansas.  It was a 2+1⁄2-story wood-frame structure with English Revival architecture, built on campus in 1935 for Dean L.C. Sears, the first dean of Harding University after its move to Searcy from Morrilton.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.  It has been listed as destroyed in the Arkansas Historic Preservation Program database, and was delisted in 2018.

Searcy, Arkansas
Searcy (/ˈsɜːrsi/ SUR-see) is the largest city in and the county seat of White County, Arkansas, United States. According to 2024 Census Bureau estimates, the population of the city is 23,997.  It is the principal city of the Searcy, AR Micropolitan Statistical Area which encompasses all of White County.  The city takes its name from Richard Searcy, a judge for the Superior Court of the Arkansas Territory.  A college town, Searcy is the home of Harding University and ASU-Searcy.
Beer sommelier
A beer sommelier, also known as a cicerone in the United States, is a trained professional, working in the hospitality and alcoholic beverage industry, who specializes in the service and knowledge of beer, similar to a traditional wine sommelier. The knowledge required for certification includes an understanding of styles, brewing, ingredients, history of beer and brewing, glassware, beer service, draught systems, beer tasting, and food pairings. The profession is relatively new but growing.

Hospitality
Hospitality is the relationship of a host towards a guest, wherein the host receives the guest with some amount of goodwill and welcome. This includes the reception and entertainment of guests, visitors, or strangers. Louis, chevalier de Jaucourt describes hospitality in the Encyclopédie as the virtue of a great soul that cares for the whole universe through the ties of humanity. Hospitality is also the way people treat others, for example in the service of welcoming and receiving guests in hotels. Hospitality plays a role in augmenting or decreasing the volume of sales of an organization.

Hospitality ethics is a discipline that studies this usage of hospitality.
All Kinds of Everything (game show)
All Kinds of Everything was an Irish popular culture-based quiz show hosted by Ryan Tubridy and featuring Mario Rosenstock. The show was broadcast on RTÉ One for two series in 2003 and 2004. The show's name is taken from Dana's song All Kinds of Everything, the winning entry from Ireland in the Eurovision Song Contest 1970.

It was a series that featured many classic television adverts and clips.

RTÉ One
RTÉ One is an Irish free-to-air flagship television service owned and operated by RTÉ. It is the most-popular and most-watched television channel in the country and was launched as Telefís Éireann on 31 December 1961, it was renamed RTÉ in 1966, and it was renamed as RTÉ 1 upon the launch of RTÉ2 in 1978.  It is funded partly by the government's licence fee; the remainder of the funding is provided by commercial advertising. Because RTÉ is funded partly by the licence fee it shows considerably fewer advertisements than most other channels available in Ireland and Northern Ireland.

RTÉ One is available to 98% of the Irish population in HD on the Saorview DTT service. It is also available in Northern Ireland via Saorview, Freeview, Sky, and cable provider Virgin Media. The channel is also available online through RTÉ Player.
Toripolliisi
Toripolliisi (The Bobby at the Market Place in English) is a bronze sculpture located at the market square in Oulu, Finland. It was made by sculptor Kaarlo Mikkonen in 1987. The sculpture measures 220×150×112 centimetres (86.6×59×44 inches), and it was named in honour of the bobbies that once patrolled the market place. The sculpture was funded with the help of a public fund raising started in 1985, and it was revealed in September 1987.

Inch
The inch (symbol: in or ″) is a unit of length in the British Imperial and the United States customary systems of measurement. It is equal to ⁠1/36⁠ yard or ⁠1/12⁠ of a foot. Derived from the Roman uncia ("twelfth"), the word inch is also sometimes used to translate similar units in other measurement systems, usually understood as deriving from the width of the human thumb.

Standards for the exact length of an inch have varied in the past, but since the adoption of the international yard during the 1950s and 1960s the inch has been based on the metric system and defined as exactly 25.4 mm.