hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hawkshaw the Detective
Hawkshaw the Detective was a comic strip character featured in an eponymous cartoon serial by Gus Mager from February 23, 1913, to November 12, 1922, and again from December 13, 1931, to 1952. (The revival was a topper to The Captain and the Kids.) The name of Mager's character was derived from the common American slang of the time, in which a hawkshaw meant a detective—that slang itself derived from playwright Tom Taylor's use of the name for the detective in his 1863 stage play The Ticket of Leave Man.

Tom Taylor
Tom Taylor (19 October 1817 – 12 July 1880) was an English dramatist, critic, biographer, public servant, and editor of Punch magazine. Taylor had a brief academic career, holding the professorship of English literature and language at University College, London in the 1840s, after which he practised law and became a civil servant. At the same time he became a journalist, most prominently as a contributor to, and eventually editor of, Punch, a humour magazine.

In addition to these vocations, Taylor began a theatre career and became best known as a playwright, with up to 100 plays staged during his career. Many were adaptations of French plays, but these and his original works cover a range from farce to melodrama. Most fell into neglect after Taylor's death, but Our American Cousin (1858), which achieved great success in the 19th century, remains famous as the piece that was being performed in the presence of Abraham Lincoln when he was assassinated in 1865.
Ford Motor Argentina
Ford Argentina S.C.A. is the Argentine subsidiary of Ford Motor Company founded in Buenos Aires in 1913. Its first products were Model Ts assembled from complete knock down (CKD) kits provided by Ford Motor Company in 1917. Nevertheless, Ford Motor Argentina is best known in more recent times for producing the Ford Focus and, previously, the Argentine version of the Ford Falcon, originally a U.S. model introduced in Argentina in 1961, but adapted to the Argentine market.

In South America, Ford's primary operations are in Brazil, Argentina and Ford Andina. (Venezuela, Colombia and Ecuador) Ford employs over 18,000 people and operates seven assembly or other plants in the region.

Knock-down kit
A knock-down kit (also knockdown kit, knocked-down kit, or simply knockdown or KD) is a collection of parts required to assemble a product. The parts are typically manufactured in one country or region, and then exported to another country or region for final assembly. CBU, on the other hand, stands for "Completely Built Up" and signifies import of a finished product.
Charles Susskind
Charles Susskind (August 19, 1921 – June 15, 2004) was a Czech-born American electrical engineer, bioengineer, and historian of technology. A pioneer in microwave technology health research, he co-founded the bioengineering program at the University of California, Berkeley, and was a prolific author on the history of electronics and telecommunications. He escaped Nazi-occupied Czechoslovakia via the Kindertransport in 1939 and later served as a radar specialist in the United States Army Air Forces during World War II.

San Francisco Symphony
The San Francisco Symphony, founded in 1911, is an American orchestra based in San Francisco, California. Since 1980 the orchestra has been resident at the Louise M. Davies Symphony Hall in the city's Hayes Valley neighborhood. The San Francisco Symphony Youth Orchestra (founded in 1981) and the San Francisco Symphony Chorus (1972) are part of the organization. Michael Tilson Thomas became the orchestra's music director in 1995, and concluded his tenure in 2020 when Esa-Pekka Salonen took over the position.

Among the orchestra's awards and honors are an Emmy Award and 15 Grammy Awards in the past 26 years.
Gary Gabelich
Gary Michael Gabelich (Croatian Gabelić; August 29, 1940 – January 26, 1984) was an American motorsport driver who set the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) Land Speed Record (LSR) with the rocket car Blue Flame on October 23, 1970,  on a dry lake bed at Bonneville Salt Flats near Wendover, Utah.

Bonneville Salt Flats
The Bonneville Salt Flats are a densely packed salt pan in Tooele County in northwestern Utah, United States. A remnant of the Pleistocene Lake Bonneville, it is the largest of many salt flats west of the Great Salt Lake. It is public land managed by the Bureau of Land Management and is known for land speed records at the Bonneville Speedway. The Flats are open to the public.

The Flats are about 12 miles (19 km) long and 5 miles (8 km) wide, with a crust almost 5 ft (1.5m) thick at the center and less than one inch (2.5 cm) towards the edges. It is estimated to hold 147 million tons of salt, about 90% of which is common table salt.
Lindbergh Boom
The Lindbergh Boom (1927–1929) is a period of rapid interest in aviation following the awarding of the Orteig Prize to Charles Lindbergh for his 1927 non-stop solo transatlantic flight in the Spirit of St. Louis. The Lindbergh Boom occurred during the interwar period between World War I and World War II, where aviation development was fueled by commercial interests rather than wartime necessity. During this period, dozens of companies were formed to create airlines, and aircraft for a new age in aviation. Many of the fledgling companies funded by stock went under as quick as they started as the stock that capitalized them plummeted in value following the Wall Street crash of 1929. The Great Depression dried up the market for new aircraft, causing many aircraft companies to go into bankruptcy or get consolidated by larger entities. Air racing, record attempts, and barnstorming remained popular, as aviators tried to recapture the prizes and publicity of Lindbergh's Transatlantic flight.

Orteig Prize
The Orteig Prize was a reward of $25,000 offered in 1919 by New York City hotel owner Raymond Orteig to the first Allied aviator, or aviators, to fly non-stop from New York City to Paris or vice versa. Several famous aviators made unsuccessful attempts at the New York–Paris flight before a relatively unknown American, Charles Lindbergh, won the prize in 1927 with his aircraft the Spirit of St. Louis.

A number of people died while competing to win the prize. Six people perished in three separate crashes, and another three were injured in a fourth crash. The Orteig Prize spurred considerable investment in aviation—sometimes far exceeding the value of the prize itself—and also advanced public interest in, and the development of, aviation technology.
Lycium barbarum
Lycium barbarum is a shrub native to China, with present-day range across Asia and southeast Europe. It is one of two species of boxthorn in the family Solanaceae from which the goji berry or wolfberry is harvested, the other being Lycium chinense.

Common names of the plant in English include Chinese wolfberry, barbary matrimony vine, red medlar or matrimony vine.  In the United Kingdom it is also known as Duke of Argyll's tea tree after Archibald Campbell, 3rd Duke of Argyll who introduced it in the country in the 1730s.

The shrub is an important commercial crop in northern China, especially in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region.  Its Chinese name is Ningxia gǒuqǐ.

Autonomous regions of China
The autonomous regions (Chinese: 自治区; pinyin: Zìzhìqū; lit. 'self-governing area') are one of the four types of province-level divisions in the People's Republic of China. Like provinces, an autonomous region has its own local government, but under the law of the People's Republic of China, an autonomous region has more legislative rights, such as the right to "formulate self-government regulations and other separate regulations." An autonomous region is the highest level of minority autonomous entity in China, which has a comparably higher population of a particular minority ethnic group.

There are five autonomous regions in China: Guangxi, Inner Mongolia (Nei Menggu), Ningxia, Tibet (Xizang), and Xinjiang.
Stanišić (village)
Stanišić (Serbian Cyrillic: Станишић) is a village in Serbia. It is situated in the Sombor municipality, in the West Bačka District, Vojvodina province. The village has a Serb ethnic majority and its population numbering 3.971 people (2011 census).

Svetozar Miletić
Svetozar Miletić (Serbian Cyrillic: Светозар Милетић; 22 February 1826 – 4 February 1901) was a Serbian lawyer, journalist, author, and politician who served as the mayor of Novi Sad between 1861 and 1862 and again from 1867 to 1868.
Kalaha (band)
Kalaha is a Danish electronic band that debuted in 2014. The bands artistic style takes inspiration from Afrobeat, Anatolian rock, electronic rave music, and jazz improvisation. Its members include drummer Emil De Waal, guitarist Niclas Knudsen, synthesizer player Rumpistol, and electronic producer Mikael Elkjær, also known as Spejderrobot.

Since their 2014 debut, Kalaha has been using Danish artist Zven Balslev as their art director. Balslev has also directed three of the bands music videos. Kalaha has collaborated with a wide range of artists from around the world including Hilal Kaya and Uffe Lorenzen of Spids Nøgenhat and Baby Woodrose.

Danish Music Awards
The Danish Music Awards (DMA) is a Danish award show. The show has been arranged by IFPI since 1989, and was originally called IFPI-prisen ("IFPI Award") until 1991, when it changed its name to Dansk Grammy ("Danish Grammy"). It was changed to its current name, Danish Music Awards in 2001, after the American Grammy Awards registered the name "Grammy" as their trademark. In 2011, IFPI joined together with TV 2 and KODA to present the awards ceremony.
Oliver Bodington
Oliver Eaton Bodington (1859–1936), barrister at law of the Inner Temple, Licensee en Droit, University of Paris, Member of the United States Federal Bar and President of the British Chamber of Commerce, was born March 6, 1859, in Kingsford, Staffordshire, the son of George Fowler Bodington (September 22, 1829 – May 8, 1902), a physician, and his wife Caroline Mary Eaton (born 1825).  He was baptised on May 4, 1859, in Kenilworth, Warwickshire. Bodington attended the Giggleswick School and graduated from the University of London (1878). In 1885 he lived at Ashford House, Kingswinford, near Dudley.  He was known for a Paris-based legal practice and from his office at 6 Blve. Des Capuchins, he specialized in international law and practice concerning domicile, marriage, inheritance, wills and foreign companies and firms doing business in Paris.

Kingswinford
Kingswinford is a town of the Metropolitan Borough of Dudley in the English West Midlands, situated 5 miles (8 km) west-southwest of central Dudley, bordering the South Staffordshire district. In 2011 the area had a population of 25,191, down from 25,808 at the 2001 Census.

The current economic focus of Kingswinford is education and housing for commuters. Positioned at the far western edge of the West Midlands Urban Area it borders on a rural area extending past the River Severn; but its position at the edge of the Black Country and its long standing in the area means it has had significant industrial influence in the past. This is illustrated by the influence in creating local workhouses, which shows a population of 15,000 plus in the 1831 census.
Thomas Jarzombek
Thomas Jarzombek (born 28 April 1973) is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) who has been serving as a member of the Bundestag from the state of North Rhine-Westphalia since 2009.

In addition to his work in parliament, Jarzomek has been serving as a Parliamentary State Secretary at the Federal Ministry for Digital and State Modernisation in the government of Chancellor Friedrich Merz since 2025.

Parliamentary State Secretary
A Parliamentary State Secretary (Parlamentarischer Staatssekretär, PStS) is a member of the Bundestag given a portfolio to assist a Minister with running a government ministry. The position is roughly analogous to deputy ministers.

The position was first introduced in 1967 to help younger politicians gain experience for future ministerial roles. In 2021, there were 36 parliamentary state secretaries in the Merkel IV Cabinet.
Louis Halmy
Lou Halmy (June 23, 1911 – March 14, 2005) was a jazz musician and music arranger. In the 1930s he played trumpet with Shep Fields and His Rippling Rhythm Orchestra and appeared with the orchestra in the film The Big Broadcast of 1938. For most of his career he worked as an arranger and transcriber of musical compositions including such notable songs as "Thanks for the Memory" (1938),  "Louie Louie" (1955), "Tequila" (1958), and "Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head" (1969). In all, the United States Copyright Office records 274 entries for Halmy between 1951 and 2003. Halmy was also a virtuosic whistler, which was a talent he employed as a transcriber and as a performer.

Louie Louie
"Louie Louie" is a rhythm and blues song written, composed, and recorded by American musician Richard Berry in 1956 and released in 1957. It is best known for the 1963 hit version by the Kingsmen and has become a standard in pop and rock. The song is based on the tune "El Loco Cha Cha" popularized by bandleader René Touzet and is an example of Afro-Cuban influence on American popular music.

"Louie Louie" tells, in simple verse–chorus form, the first-person story of a "lovesick sailor's lament to a bartender about wanting to get back home to his girl".
Field hockey at the 2011 Pan American Games – Men's tournament
The men's field hockey tournament at the 2011 Pan American Games was held in Guadalajara, Mexico at the Pan American Hockey Stadium from October 20–29.

Argentina won their eighth gold medal by defeating the defending champions Canada 3–1 in the final. Chile won the bronze medal by defeating Cuba 4–3.

Estadio Panamericano de Hockey
The Pan American Hockey Stadium is a field hockey stadium located in Guadalajara, Mexico.  It was officially opened by Mexican President Felipe Calderón on May 12, 2010.  It has a capacity of 1,870 spectators,  and hosted the field hockey competition at the 2011 Pan American Games.  It is only the second, and by far the most modern, field hockey stadium built in the state of Jalisco despite the fact that 50% of the Mexican National field hockey team comes from the state.   The facility also includes dedicated change rooms, massage, medical and rehabilitation facilities and will become a sports academy after the games.
K-d tree
In computer science, a k-d tree (short for k-dimensional tree) is a space-partitioning data structure for organizing points in a k-dimensional space. K-dimensional is that which concerns exactly k orthogonal axes or a space of any number of dimensions. k-d trees are a useful data structure for several applications, such as:

Searches involving a multidimensional search key (e.g. range searches and nearest neighbor searches) &

Creating point clouds.

k-d trees are a special case of binary space partitioning trees.

Merge sort
In computer science, merge sort (also commonly spelled as mergesort or merge-sort) is an efficient and general purpose comparison-based sorting algorithm. Most implementations of merge sort are stable, which means that the relative order of equal elements is the same between the input and output. Merge sort is a divide-and-conquer algorithm that was invented by John von Neumann in 1945. A detailed description and analysis of bottom-up merge sort appeared in a report by Goldstine and von Neumann as early as 1948.
1911 United Kingdom heatwave
The United Kingdom heatwave of 1911 was a particularly severe heatwave and associated drought. Records were set around the country for temperature in England, including the highest accepted temperature, at the time, of 36.7 °C (98.1 °F), only broken 79 years later in the 1990 heatwave, which reached 37.1 °C (98.8 °F). A temperature of 100 °F (38 °C) was recorded at Greenwich in a Glaisher stand and was regarded as the record but further data from a Stevenson screen in the same location showed the temperature to be 96.6 °F (35.9 °C). The highest ever accepted temperature is currently 40.3 °C (104.5 °F) recorded on 19th July 2022 on a Royal Air Force station in Coningsby, Lincolnshire. Weather in Northern Europe was also affected around about this time.

Northern Europe
The northern region of Europe has several definitions. A restrictive definition may describe northern Europe as being roughly north of the southern coast of the Baltic Sea, which is about 54°N, or may be based on other geographical factors such as climate and ecology.
Gotongouiné 1
Gotongouiné 1 is a village in western Ivory Coast. It is in the sub-prefecture of Sangouiné, Man Department, Tonkpi Region, Montagnes District. Two-and-a-half kilometres southeast of the village is the smaller village Gotongouiné 2.

Gotongouiné 1 was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1,126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

Montagnes District
Montagnes District (French: District des Montagnes pronounced [mɔ̃.taɲ], "Mountains") is one of fourteen administrative districts of Ivory Coast. The district is located in the western part of the country, bordering Liberia and Guinea to the west, Woroba District to the north, Sassandra-Marahoué District to the east, and Bas-Sassandra District to the south. The capital of the district is Man.
Aces and eights (blackjack)
Splitting aces and eights is part of blackjack basic strategy. Rules vary across gambling establishments regarding resplitting, doubling, multiple card draws, and the payout for blackjack, and there are conditional strategic responses that depend upon the number of decks used, the frequency of shuffling and dealer's cards. However, regardless of the various situations, the common strategic wisdom in the blackjack community is to "Always split aces and eights" when dealt either pair as initial cards. This is generally the first rule of any splitting strategy.

Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse (blackjack)
Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse is the name given by gambling authors to the four U.S. Army engineers who first discovered in the 1950s the best playing strategy in the casino game of Blackjack that can be  formulated on the basis of the player's and the dealer's cards. The so-called Basic Strategy, which was subsequently refined through the use of computers and combinatorial analysis,  loses the least money to the casino in the long term.
Shobita Satyapal
Shobita Satyapal is an American astrophysicist who studies supermassive black holes, intermediate-mass black holes, and their effects on galaxy formation and evolution. Her research has shown that dwarf galaxies and galaxies lacking a thick galactic bulge contain black holes that are larger than were expected, and combined data from multiple telescopes to find pairs of supermassive black holes approaching a collision. She is a professor in the Physics & Astronomy Department at George Mason University.

Intermediate-mass black hole
An intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH) is a class of black hole with mass in the range of one hundred to one hundred thousand (102–105) solar masses: significantly higher than stellar black holes but lower than the hundred thousand to more than one billion (105–109) solar mass supermassive black holes. Several IMBH candidate objects have been discovered in the Milky Way galaxy and others nearby, based on indirect gas cloud velocity and accretion disk spectra observations of various evidentiary strength.
Peterborough Software
Peterborough Software was a payroll and human resources software and services company started in Peterborough, England in 1963. It was a pioneer of computerised payroll services and software in the United Kingdom. The company was acquired by Northgate Information Solutions in 2004.

Human resources
Human resources (HR) is the set of people who make up the workforce of an organization, business sector, industry, or economy. A narrower concept is human capital, the knowledge and skills which the individuals command.
Miss Universe Vietnam 2022
Miss Universe Vietnam 2022 was the fifth Miss Universe Vietnam pageant, held at Saigon Exhibition and Convention Center, District 7 in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, on June 25, 2022. This was also the last Miss Universe Vietnam competition held by Công ty Cổ phần Hoàn vũ Sài Gòn (Unicorp) under the name  Hoa hậu Hoàn vũ Việt Nam, before being granted to a new national license holder the following year.

Nguyễn Thị Ngọc Châu was crowned as the winner by her predecessor Nguyễn Trần Khánh Vân and represented Vietnam at Miss Universe 2021, who placed in top 21

Saigon Exhibition and Convention Center
The Saigon Exhibition and Convention Center (SECC; Vietnamese: Trung tâm Hội chợ và Triển lãm Sài Gòn) is a convention and exhibition center located in the International Commercial and Financial District of the Phú Mỹ Hưng urban area, in District 7, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Currently, it is the largest exhibition and convention facility in southern Vietnam.
Vino G. Bastian
Vino Giovanni Bastian (born 24 March 1982) is an Indonesian actor and model. He is the son of famous novelist in Indonesia, Bastian Tito, and husband of Indonesian actress and model, Marsha Timothy. Bastian is a seven times nominee of Citra Awards.

He is one of the actors who won the Citra Award for "Best Actor" at the Indonesian Film Festival. He won it in 2008 for his work in Radit dan Jani, simultaneously with the female lead in the same film, Fahrani, who won the Citra Award for "Best Actress".

Citra Award for Best Actress
The Citra Award for Best Actress (Indonesian: Piala Citra untuk Pemeran Utama Perempuan Terbaik) is an award given at the Indonesian Film Festival (FFI) to Indonesian actresses for their achievements in leading roles. The Citra Awards, described by Screen International as "Indonesia's equivalent to the Oscars", are the country's most prestigious film awards and are intended to recognize achievements in films as well as to draw public interest to the film industry.

Sheila Dara Aisha is the most recent winner for her performance in Sore: Wife from the Future at the 2025 ceremony.
Demidoff Chapel of San Donato
The Cappella Demidoff di San Donato, or Demidoff Chapel of San Donato, is occupied at present by the Church of Christ in Florence, and is found on via San Donato. The church was formerly the private chapel of the Villa San Donato, built by the rich Russian noble, Anatoly Nikolaievich Demidov, 1st Prince of San Donato. It belonged to the  Russian Orthodox Church. The chapel recalls both the Pantheon in Rome, with its central oculus, and the Villa Capra "La Rotonda" in Vicenza by Andrea Palladio. The entrance has a classical portico. The building is in a dilapidated state.

Interior

cupola

cupola

Oculus (architecture)
An oculus (from Latin  oculus 'eye'; pl. oculi) is a circular opening in the center of a dome or in a wall. Originating in classical architecture, it is a feature of Byzantine and Neoclassical architecture.

A horizontal oculus in the center of a dome is also called opaion (from Ancient Greek  ὀπαῖον (opaîon) '(smoke) hole'; pl. opaia).
John McGlynn (Gaelic footballer)
John McGlynn is an Irish Gaelic footballer with the Currow club, the St. Kieran's divisional team and was a member of the Kerry county team. He first came on the Kerry senior scene in 1998 in the National League under the management of Páidí Ó Sé. McGlynn established himself as a regular for the 1999 League & Championship, despite winning the last 3 Munster Championships Kerry lost out to Cork in the final. He missed out on Kerry's All Ireland success in 2000. He played his last championship game in the 2001 semi final when Kerry were well beaten by Meath. He won an Munster 21 championship in 1996

At club level with Currow he won an O' Donoghue Cup in 1998 Currow's first win since 1945 and to date last win.

During his college days he played with the Tralee RTC and was part of the team that won the colleges first Sigerson Cup in 1997.

MTU Kerry GAA
Munster Technological University Kerry GAA or MTU Kerry GAA is the GAA team located in the Munster Technological University, Tralee, County Kerry, Ireland. They play Gaelic football, hurling, ladies' Gaelic football and camogie.