hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Grădiștea, Brăila
Grădiștea is a commune located in Brăila County, Muntenia, Romania. It is composed of three villages: Grădiștea, Ibrianu, and Maraloiu.

The commune is situated in the Bărăgan Plain, on the banks of the Buzău River. It is located in the northwestern part of Brăila County, 18 km (11 mi) north of the town of Ianca and 51 km (32 mi) west of the county seat, Brăila, on the border with Buzău County. Grădiștea is crossed by national road DN22, which connects Brăila to Râmnicu Sărat.

Muntenia
Muntenia (Romanian pronunciation: [munˈteni.a], also known in English as Greater Wallachia) is a historical region of Romania, part of Wallachia (also, sometimes considered Wallachia proper, as Muntenia, Țara Românească, and the rarely used Valahia are synonyms in Romanian). It is situated between the Danube (south and east), the Carpathian Mountains (the Transylvanian Alps branch) and Moldavia (both north), and the Olt River to the west. The latter river is the border between Muntenia and Oltenia (or Lesser Wallachia). Part of the traditional border between Wallachia/Muntenia and Moldavia was formed by the rivers Milcov and Siret.
Cass County Museum
The Cass County Museum is a local history museum in Walker, Minnesota, United States. Operated by Cass County Historical Society, the museum and research center serves as a center for preserving and sharing the history of Cass County and its connection to Minnesota's wider history.

In April 1949, the Cass County Historical Society was organized with officers and directors. The society was reorganized in 1956. The Cass County Museum was dedicated in June 1982.

Cass County, Minnesota
Cass County is a county in the central part of the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 30,066. Its county seat is Walker. The county was formed in 1851, and was organized in 1897.

Cass County is included in the Brainerd, MN Micropolitan Statistical Area.

A substantial part of the Leech Lake Indian Reservation is in the county.
Liubiju
Liubiju (Chinese: 六必居; pinyin: Liùbìjū) is a Beijing-based manufacturer of traditional Chinese sauces, pickles, and seasonings. It is also a China Time-Honored Brand, well known for its sauce (yellow soybean paste and sweet soy sauce) and pickles.

Sweet soy sauce
Sweet soy sauce (Indonesian: kecap manis; Indonesian pronunciation: [ˌket͡ʃap̚ ˈmanɪs]) is a sweetened aromatic soy sauce, originating in Indonesia, which has a darker color, a viscous syrupy consistency, and a molasses-like flavor due to the generous addition of palm sugar or jaggery. Kecap manis is widely used with satay. It is similar to, though finer in flavor than, Chinese Tianmian sauce (tianmianjiang). It is by far the most commonly employed type of soy sauce in Indonesian cuisine and accounts for an estimated 90 percent of the nation's total soy sauce production.
The Kitchen in Paris
The Kitchen in Paris (Кухня в Париже; Kukhnya v Parizhe) is a 2014 Russian comedy, a first feature film directed by Dmitriy Dyachenko of the television channel by STS and company by Yellow, Black and White-Group. It is a continuation of the third season of the television series The Kitchen (2012-2016). It stars Dmitry Nazarov, Mark Bogatyryov, Yelena Podkaminskaya and Dmitry Nagiyev.

The Kitchen in Paris was theatrically released in Russia on 1 May 2014 by Central Partnership.

Dmitry Dyachenko
Dmitriy Vladimirovich Dyachenko (Russian: Дмитрий Владимирович Дьяченко, born September 16, 1972) is a Russian director, producer and screenwriter. He is best known for his comedy movies starring Kvartet I that became box office hits in Russia.
Pole jam
A pole jam is a skateboarding trick maneuver that skateboarders do over a bent pole. A pole jam is an action that skateboarders do when they approach a bent pole and they then continue to ride up and over the top of the pole. (The ollie is not generally used to get into the pole jam.)

Typically the pole used is bent down into an acute angle, so that grinding or sliding it is easier.

Pole jams can be combined with other skateboard tricks performed when coming out of the grind.

Tricks that can be used in a pole jam include:

Grinds and Slides on the pole jam

Flips and Grabs into or out of the Grind or Slide

no-comply grinds

boneless grinds and slides

pre-grab grinds and slides

Pole Jams are also used by snowboarders for similar purposes.

Snowboarding
Snowboarding is a recreational and competitive activity that involves descending a snow-covered surface while standing on a snowboard that is always attached to a rider's feet. It features in the Winter Olympic Games and Winter Paralympic Games.

Snowboarding was developed in the United States, inspired by skiing and skateboarding, which itself was inspired by surfing. Snowboarding became popular around the world in the late 20th century and was introduced as a Winter Olympic Sport at Nagano in 1998 and featured in the Winter Paralympics at Sochi in 2014. As of 2015, its popularity (as measured by equipment sales) in the United States peaked in 2007 and has been in a decline since.
1970–71 Swiss 1. Liga
The 1970–71 1. Liga season was the 39th season of this league since its creation in 1931. At this time, the 1. Liga was the third tier of the Swiss football league system and it was the highest level of amateur football. Most of the teams in the NLA and NLB were professional clubs.

1. Liga Classic
1. Liga Classic (1st League Classic in English) is the fourth tier of the Swiss football league system. At its creation in 1931, the fourth tier of Swiss football was called 3. Liga. The league is operated by a subdivision of the Swiss Football Association called Erste Liga. It is split into 3 groups of 16 teams, by geographical region.
Bözen
Bözen (Swiss German pronunciation: [ˈbøːtsə]) is a village in the Swiss canton of Aargau. It lies to the west of the Bözberg in the upper Frick valley. Until December 31, 2021, Bözen was an independent municipality in the district of Brugg, since then it has been one of four villages in the newly created municipality of Böztal in the district of Laufenburg.

Bözberg
Bözberg is a municipality in the district of Brugg in canton of Aargau in Switzerland. It ceased to exist in 1873, when it was split into the two new municipalities Oberbözberg and Unterbözberg. On 1 January 2013 the former municipalities of Gallenkirch, Linn, Oberbözberg and Unterbözberg merged to form the new municipality of Bözberg.
Goundamani and Senthil
Goundamani and Senthil were an Indian comedic duo who were popular in Tamil cinema in the 1980s and 1990s. The duo was active for twenty years. After the mid-2000s, they started acting in films separately and less frequently with Goundamani notably becoming a hero in the mid-2010s while Senthil continued to act in supporting roles.

Karakattakkaran
Karakattakkaran (transl. The Karakattam dancer) is a 1989 Indian Tamil-language romantic comedy dance film written and directed by Gangai Amaran. The film stars Ramarajan and debutant Kanaka, while Santhana Bharathi, Chandrasekhar, Goundamani, Senthil, Shanmugasundaram, Raja Bahadur, Gandhimathi and Kovai Sarala play supporting roles. It revolves around two karakattam dancers who fall in love with each other, but circumstances prevent them from confessing their love for one another. How they overcome these forms the rest of the story.

The soundtrack was composed by Ilaiyaraaja and all the songs were well-received, in particular, "Maanguyilae Poonguyile". The film was released on 16 June 1989 and was a major commercial success, running for over a year in theatres, and won two Tamil Nadu State Film Awards. It was also Goundamani and Senthil's 100th film as a combo. Goundamani and Senthil's banana comedy sequence from this film remains one of their most popular acts.
William Henry Harwood
William Henry Harwood (25 February 1840 – 24 December 1917) was an English entomologist and collector of lepidoptera. He was among the pioneers of using sleeves of muslin to rear lepidoptera outdoors on their host plants.

Harwood was born in Colchester and after going to the Royal Grammar School he apprenticed with the chemists, Smith and Shenstone. He then decided to spend more time in the outdoors for his health and began to study the life-histories of lepidoptera by placing muslin sleeves over the caterpillars on their host trees. He later also took an interest in the beetles and the hymenoptera.

Harwood advised Charles Rothschild that Ray Island off Essex be chosen for conservation.

He married Elizabeth, daughter of James Netherwood Dixon, in 1875. She died in 1914. They had four sons, two of whom, Philip and Bernard Smith, also became keen entomologists. Part of his collections are held in the Hall collection at Oldham Museum.

Hymenoptera
Hymenoptera is a large order of insects, comprising the sawflies, wasps, bees, and ants. Over 150,000 living species of Hymenoptera have been described, in addition to over 2,000 extinct ones. Many of the species are parasitic. Females typically have a special ovipositor for inserting eggs into hosts or places that are otherwise inaccessible. This ovipositor is often modified into a stinger. The young develop through holometabolism (complete metamorphosis)—that is, they have a wormlike larval stage and an inactive pupal stage before they reach adulthood.
Gagea bulbifera
Gagea bulbifera is a Eurasian species of plants in the lily family, widespread from Romania to Xinjiang. It is native to Romania,  Russia (North Caucasus, West Siberia Krai, Altay Krai), South Caucasus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Iran, Turkey, Xinjiang, Western Himalayas.

Gagea bulbifera is a bulb-forming perennial up to 60 cm tall. Flowers are yellow with green on the backs of each of the tepals.

West Siberian Krai
West Siberian Krai (Russian: Западно-Сибирский край, Zapadno-Sibirsky Krai) was an early krai of the Russian SFSR, created after the split of the Siberian Krai in 1930. By the 1937 All-Union Census, it had population of 6,433,527.

Krai's center was the Novosibirsk city.
Ashikaga Shigeuji
Ashikaga Shigeuji (足利成氏) (c. 1438 – 1497) was a Muromachi period warrior and the Kamakura-fu's fifth and last Kantō kubō (Shōgun Deputy). Fourth son of fourth Kubō Ashikaga Mochiuji, he succeeded his father only in 1449, a full decade after his death by seppuku. His childhood name was Eijuō-maru (永寿王丸). His rule was from its onset troubled by hostilities with the central government: he was finally deposed in 1455 by shōgun Ashikaga Yoshimasa, after which he escaped to Koga in Shimōsa Province, where he became known as Koga kubō. There, he ruled until his death in 1497.

Koga, Ibaraki
Koga (古河市, Koga-shi) is a city located in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 January 2024, the city had an estimated population of 137,512 in 58,276 households and a population density of 1113 persons per km². The percentage of the population aged over 65 was 28.98%. The total area of the city is 123.58 square kilometres (47.71 sq mi).
Amy Stanley
Amy Stanley is an American historian of early modern Japan. In 2007, Stanley began teaching in the Department of History at Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois, where she teaches undergraduate and graduate courses on Japanese history, global history, and women's/gender history. She is best known for her most recent book Stranger in the Shogun's City: A Japanese Woman and Her World, which received the National Book Critics Circle Award and the PEN/Jacqueline Bograd Weld Award for biography, and was a finalist for both the Baillie Gifford Prize and Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography.

Pulitzer Prize for Biography
The Pulitzer Prize for Biography is one of the seven American Pulitzer Prizes annually awarded for Letters, Drama, and Music. The award honors "a distinguished and appropriately documented biography by an American author." Award winners receive US$15,000.

From 1917 to 2022, this prize was known as the Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography and was awarded to a distinguished biography, autobiography or memoir by an American author or co-authors, published during the preceding calendar year. It is one of the original Pulitzers. The program was inaugurated in 1917 with seven prizes, four of which were awarded that year.
Zero bar
The Zero candy bar is a candy bar composed of a combination of caramel, peanut and almond nougat covered with a layer of white fudge. Its outwardly white color — an unusual color for a candy bar — has become its trademark. The white coating does not contain cocoa butter, so it does not technically qualify as white chocolate. Zero resembles Snickers, a candy manufactured by Mars, except Zero is white instead of dark brown.

Mars Inc.
Mars, Incorporated (doing business as Mars Inc.) is an American multinational manufacturer of confectionery, pet food, and other food products and a provider of animal care services founded on June 23, 1911. Mars is headquartered in McLean, Virginia, in the Washington metropolitan area, and is entirely owned by the Mars family. The company had US$45 billion in annual sales in 2022; that year Forbes ranked the company as the fourth-largest privately held company in the United States.

Mars operates in four subsidiaries around the world: Snacking (headquartered in Chicago, Illinois, with U.S. headquarters in Hackettstown and Newark, New Jersey), Petcare (Zaventem, Belgium; Poncitlán, Jalisco, Mexico; Querétaro, Mexico), Food (Rancho Dominguez, California) and Mars Edge (Germantown, Maryland), the company's life sciences division.
The Edge of the Sea
The Edge of the Sea is a best-selling book by the American marine biologist Rachel Carson, first published as a whole by Houghton Mifflin in 1955. The third and final volume of her sea trilogy, The Edge of the Sea, is a scientifically accurate exploration of the ecology of the Eastern Seaboard.

Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company (HMH)
(/ˈhoʊtən/,
HOH-tən)
is an American publisher of textbooks, instructional technology materials, assessments, and reference works. The company is based in the Boston Financial District. It was formerly known as the Houghton Mifflin Company, but it changed its name following the 2007 acquisition of Harcourt Publishing. Before March 2010, it was a subsidiary of Education Media and Publishing Group Limited, an Irish-owned holding company registered in the Cayman Islands and formerly known as Riverdeep. In 2022, it was acquired by Veritas Capital, a New York–based private-equity firm.
Aha Bushi
Aha Bushi (Japanese and Kunigami: 安波節, Ahabushi) is an Ryukyuan folk song native to the Yanbaru region of Okinawa Island, Japan. It is sung in the Kunigami language, one of the six Ryukyuan languages.

It is often used as a starting song for beginners in sanshin due to its recognizable rhythm and slow pacing.

Ryukyuan languages
The Ryukyuan languages (琉球語派, Ryūkyū-goha; also 琉球諸語, Ryūkyū-shogo or 島言葉 in Ryukyuan, Shima kotoba, literally "Island Speech"), also Lewchewan or Luchuan (/luː.ˈtʃuː.ən/), are the indigenous languages of the Ryukyu Islands, the southernmost part of the Japanese archipelago. Along with the Japanese language and the Hachijō language, they make up the Japonic language family.

Just as among Japanese dialects, which can have low mutual intelligibility, the Ryukyuan and mainland Japanese languages are not mutually intelligible. It is not known how many speakers of these languages remain, but language shift toward the use of Standard Japanese and dialects like Okinawan Japanese has resulted in these languages becoming endangered; UNESCO labels four of the languages "definitely endangered" and two others "severely endangered".
Trinity Strand Trail
The Trinity Strand Trail is a partially completed 7.8-mile-long (12.6 km), hike/bike commuter and recreational trail that would run along the course of the original Trinity River in Dallas, Texas near the Dallas Design District. The trail is intended to connect the Dallas medical district with the Katy Trail and the Trinity River Corridor.

As of 2011, the project had received approximately US$8 million from the city of Dallas bonds and the North Central Texas Council of Governments combined. Trail construction began in 2010 and a 2.5-mile-long (4.0 km) segment was finished in 2014 at a cost of $5.4 million.

The trail is supported by a non-profit organization Friends of the Trinity Strand Trail, formed in 2002. The non-profit is partnered with another local non-profit, Friends of the Katy Trail, to connect the trail with Katy Trail. A land donation valued at $2 million was secured for the connection in 2007.

Trinity River (Texas)
The Trinity River is a 710-mile (1,140 km) river. It rises in extreme northern Texas, a few miles south of the Red River. The headwaters are separated by the high bluffs on the southern side of the Red River.

The Trinity River was previously identified as the stream that the Caddo called Arkikosa in Central Texas and Daycoa nearer the coast. However, in 2022, language preservationists from the Caddo Nation determined their ancestral language lacked the letter “R” sound. Arkikosa was likely a corruption or misspelling of the word Akokisa. In the vernacular of another tribe, the Atakapa who settled in the Gulf Coast woodlands, Akokisa means “river people.” French explorer Robert Cavelier de La Salle, in 1687, named the river, Riviere des canoës ("River of Canoes"). In 1690 Spanish explorer Alonso de León named it, "La Santísima Trinidad" ("the Most Holy Trinity").
Louis Laugier
Louis Laugier (born 2 September 1965) is a French civil servant who has been serving as director general of the National Police since 2024. From 2023 to 2024, he served as prefect of Isère. From 2020 to 2023, he served as prefect of Haut-Rhin. From 2017 to 2020, he served as prefect of Savoie. From 2015 to 2017, he served as prefect of Aveyron.

Isère
Isère (US: /iːˈzɛər/ ee-ZAIR; French: [izɛʁ] ⓘ; Arpitan: Isera; Occitan: Isèra, Occitan pronunciation: [iˈsɛɾa]) is a landlocked department in the southeastern French region of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. Named after the river Isère, it had a population of 1,271,166 in 2019. Its prefecture is Grenoble. It borders Rhône to the northwest, Ain to the north, Savoie to the east, Hautes-Alpes to the south, Drôme and Ardèche to the southwest and Loire to the west.
Atelopus limosus
Atelopus limosus, the limosa harlequin frog (Spanish: sapo limoso) is an endangered species of toad in the family Bufonidae endemic to Panama. Its natural habitats are stream banks in tropical moist lowland forests and rivers of the Chagres watershed in central Panama.

Chagres River
The Chagres River (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈtʃaɣɾes]), in central Panama, is the largest river in the Panama Canal's drainage basin. The river is dammed twice, and the resulting reservoirs—Gatun Lake and Lake Alajuela—form an integral part of the canal and its water system. Although the river's natural course runs northwest to its mouth at the Caribbean Sea, its waters also flow, via the canal's locks, into the Gulf of Panama to the south. The Chagres thus has the unusual claim of drainage into two oceans.
Women in Myanmar
Historically, women in Myanmar (also known as Burma) have had a unique social status and esteemed women in Burmese society. According to the research done by Mya Sein, Burmese women "for centuries – even before recorded history" owned a "high measure of independence" and had retained their "legal and economic rights" despite the influences of Buddhism. Burma once had a matriarchal system that includes the exclusive right to inherit oil wells and the right to inherit the position as village head. Burmese women were also appointed to high offices by Burmese kings, can become chieftainesses and queens.

Mya Sein
Daw Mya Sein (Burmese: ဒေါ်မြစိန်; 13 October 1904 – 10 November 1988) was a Burmese writer, educator and historian. She led the Burma Women's Council, served as a representative of Asia for the League of Nations in 1931, and as a representative at the Geneva Women's Conference; she was recommended for roundtable attendance by the British government and by several international women's organizations.
Schuhplattler
The Schuhplattler is a traditional style of folk dance popular in the Eastern Alps, specifically originating in Upper Bavaria, Tyrol, and Salzburg. In this dance, the performers stomp, clap, and strike the soles of their shoes (Schuhe), thighs, and knees with their hands held flat (platt). The more than 150 basic Schuhplattlers, as well as marches and acrobatic feats, are often interspersed with the basic dance in performance. They may be seen today in Europe and in German-immigrant communities around the world. While the Schuhplattler is still largely performed by adults, it has become increasingly popular with youngsters, who love its colorful costumes and its bouncing, leaping, kicking, and choreographed horseplay.

Folk dance
A folk dance is a dance that reflects the life of the people of a certain country or region. Not all ethnic dances are folk dances. For example, ritual dances or dances of ritual origin are not considered to be folk dances. Ritual dances are usually called "religious dances" because of their purpose.

The terms "ethnic" and "traditional" are used when it is required to emphasize the cultural roots of the dance. In this sense, nearly all folk dances are ethnic ones. If some dances, such as polka, cross ethnic boundaries and even cross the boundary between "folk" and "ballroom dance", ethnic differences are often considerable enough to mention.
Françoise Vimeux
Françoise Vimeux is a French climatologist. She is Director of Scientific Research at the Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD), works at the Laboratoire des sciences du climat et de l'environnement (LSCE) and at the Laboratoire HydroSciences Montpellier (HSM).

Springer Publishing
Springer Publishing Company is an American publishing company of academic journals and books, focusing on the fields of nursing, gerontology, psychology, social work, counseling, public health, and rehabilitation (neuropsychology). It was established in 1951 by Bernhard Springer, a great-grandson of Julius Springer, and is based in Midtown Manhattan, New York City.
Holešov
Holešov (Czech pronunciation: [ˈɦolɛʃof]; German: Holleschau) is a town in Kroměříž District in the Zlín Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 12,000 inhabitants. The historic town centre with the castle complex is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone.

Cultural monument (Czech Republic)
The cultural monuments of the Czech Republic (Czech: kulturní památka) are protected properties (both real and movable properties) designated by the Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic. Cultural monuments that constitute the most important part of the Czech cultural heritage may be declared national cultural monuments (Czech: národní kulturní památka) by a regulation of the Government of the Czech Republic. The government may also proclaim a territory, whose character and environment are determined by a group of immovable cultural monuments or archaeological finds, as a whole, as a monument reservation. The Ministry of Culture may proclaim a territory of a settlement with a smaller number of cultural monuments, a historical environment or part of a landscape area that displays significant cultural values as a monument zone.

As of 2019, there are 14 Czech cultural monuments on the World Heritage List.