hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Clavering
John Clavering is the name of:

John Clavering (c. 1364–1425), MP for Northumberland (UK Parliament constituency)

John Clavering (died 1762) (1698–1762), Member of Parliament for Great Marlow, and for Penryn

John Clavering (British Army officer) (died 1777), army officer and diplomat

Sir John Clavering, 3rd Baronet (1672–1714), of the Clavering baronets

John Clavering (died 1762)
John Clavering (19 July 1698 – 23 May 1762) of Chopwell Hall, Chopwell, formerly County Durham, now Tyne and Wear, was a member of a junior branch of the Clavering family.

He was the son of John Clavering of Chopwell and was a Groom of the Bedchamber at the Court of George II from 1731 to 1761.

He was Member of Parliament for Great Marlow 1727–1731 and Penryn 1734–1741.

His London address was 8 Burlington Street, where the new house was built for him on a 62-year leasehold in 1734.

He inherited the Chopwell estate from his father and an estate at Potter Newton, near Leeds, from his mother. He died unmarried and bequeathed his property to his nephew, the 2nd Earl Cowper.
Aegopinella nitidula
Aegopinella nitidula (previously known as Retinella nitidula), common name the waxy glass snail, is a species of small land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Gastrodontidae, the glass snails.

Forsyth et al. (2001) reviewed its identification and ecology.

Terrestrial mollusc
Terrestrial molluscs or land molluscs (mollusks) are an ecological group that includes all molluscs that live on land in contrast to freshwater and marine molluscs. They probably first occurred in the Carboniferous, arising from freshwater ones.
Mykolaiv Oblast
Mykolaiv Oblast (Ukrainian: Миколаївська область, romanized: Mykolaivska oblast, IPA: [mɪkoˈlɑjiu̯sʲkɐ ˈɔblɐsʲtʲ]), also referred to as Mykolaivshchyna (Ukrainian: Миколаївщина, IPA: [mɪkoˈlɑjiu̯ʃtʃɪnɐ]), is an oblast (province) of Ukraine. The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Mykolaiv. At the most recent estimate, the population of the oblast stood at 1,091,821 (2022 estimate).

Mykolaiv Observatory
Mykolaiv Observatory (full name: Research Institute "Mykolaiv Astronomical Observatory", Ukrainian: Науково-дослідницький інститут «Миколаївська астрономічна обсерваторія») is an astronomical observatory in Mykolaiv, Ukraine.
Adam Scut
Adam Scut (fl. 1382–1401) of Exeter, Devon, was an English politician.

He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Exeter in May 1382, April 1384 and 1401. He was Mayor of Exeter 1385–6, 1397–8, 1407–8 and 1411–12.

Exeter (UK Parliament constituency)
Exeter (/ˈɛksɪtər/ EK-sit-ər) is a constituency composed of the cathedral city and county town of Devon represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2024 by Steve Race of the Labour Party.
Tazelaar
Tazelaar is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Dirk Tazelaar (born 1963), Australian cricketer

Henry Tazelaar, American pathologist

Peter Tazelaar (1920–1993), Dutch World War II veteran

Peter Tazelaar
Peter Tazelaar (5 May 1920 – 6 June 1993) was a member of the Dutch resistance during World War II and worked as an agent for the SOE. Following the war he served in Dutch East Indies, before returning to Europe to work behind the Iron Curtain in Eastern Europe for the United States, which served as an inspiration for Ian Fleming's James Bond series.
Herd of Sheffield
The Herd of Sheffield was a charity event in the summer of 2016 in Sheffield, England. Wild in Art organised the public art trail, which was run in aid of the Sheffield Children's Hospital Charity. The theme of the project revolved around sculptures of elephants. There were four main parts of the event:

Little Herd Trail (21 June - 30 September 2016)

Herd of Sheffield Trail (11 July - 5 October 2016)

Farewell Weekend (4 - 6 October 2016)

Auction (20 October 2016)

Crucible Theatre
The Crucible Theatre, or simply The Crucible, is a theatre in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England, which opened in 1971. Its name refers to crucible steel, which was developed in Sheffield in 1740 and drove the industrialisation of the city.

In addition to regular theatrical performances, the theatre also serves as a sports venue, having hosted the World Snooker Championship annually since 1977. The Guardian newspaper has called the Crucible the "spiritual home of snooker". The World Women's Snooker Championship and the World Seniors Championship have also been staged at the venue.

In May 2022, proposed plans were unveiled to build a new 3,000-seat venue nearby with a bridge connecting the two buildings.
Interstate 69 Ohio River Crossing
The Interstate 69 Ohio River Crossing (I-69 ORX) is a planned bridge to carry the planned Interstate 69 (I-69) extension over the Ohio River between Evansville, Indiana, and Henderson, Kentucky. The bridge and its approach roadways make up a portion of Segment of Independent Utility 4 (SIU 4) of the I-69 corridor from Michigan to Texas. It will be built approximately 1.62 miles (2.61 km) upstream of the existing Bi-State Vietnam Gold Star Bridges carrying U.S. Route 41 (US 41), at a point just downstream from where the Green River flows into the Ohio.

Green River (Kentucky)
The Green River  is a 384-mile-long (618 km) tributary of the Ohio River that rises in Lincoln County in south central Kentucky. Tributaries of the Green River include the Barren River, the Nolin River, the Pond River and the Rough River. The river was named after Nathanael Greene, a general of the American Revolutionary War.
1974 FIBA Oceania Championship for Women
The FIBA Oceania Championship for Women 1974 was the qualifying tournament of FIBA Oceania for the 1975 FIBA World Championship for Women in Colombia. The tournament, a best-of-three series between Australia and New Zealand, was held in Melbourne and Sydney. Australia won the series 3–0 to win the first Oceania Championship.

Australia women's national basketball team
The Australia women's national basketball team, nicknamed the Opals after the brightly coloured gemstone common to the country, represents Australia in international basketball. From 1994 onwards, the Opals have been consistently competitive and successful having won nine medals at official FIBA international tournaments (Olympics and World Cups), highlighted by a gold medal winning performance at the 2006 World Championship in Brazil. At the now-defunct regional Oceania Championship for Women, the Opals won 15 titles. In 2017, FIBA combined its Oceanian and Asian zones for official senior competitions; following this change, the Opals compete in the FIBA Women's Asia Cup.
Prince Heinrich of Bavaria (1922–1958)
Prince Heinrich of Bavaria (German: Heinrich Franz Wilhelm Prinz von Bayern) (28 March 1922 – 14 February 1958) was a member of the Bavarian royal House of Wittelsbach.

Heinrich was born at Schloss Hohenburg in Bavaria. He was the eldest child and only son of Rupprecht, Crown Prince of Bavaria and his second wife, Princess Antonia of Luxembourg, and had several younger sisters.

On 31 July 1951 Prince Heinrich married Anne Marie de Lustrac (27 September 1927 – 16 August 1999). The wedding took place in Saint-Jean-de-Luz, France. The couple had no children.

Prince Heinrich was a Knight of the Order of Saint Hubert. He died in a car accident in San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina, in the Andes on 14 February 1958. He is buried at the Andechs Abbey church in Bavaria. His widow, Anne Marie de Lustrac, later died in a car crash in Milan, Italy, on 16 August 1999.

Saint-Jean-de-Luz
Saint-Jean-de-Luz (French: [sɛ̃ ʒɑ̃ d(ə) lyz]; Basque: Donibane Lohitzune, locally Donibane Lohizune [doniˈβane lohiˈs̻une]) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department, southwestern France.
Saint-Jean-de-Luz is part of the former Basque province of Labourd (Lapurdi).
Artistic roller skating at the 1981 World Games
The artistic roller skating events of World Games I were held on July 27–30, 1981, at Cal Skate Roller Rink in Milpitas, California, in the United States. These were the first World Games, an international quadrennial multi-sport event, and were hosted by the city of Santa Clara.

1981 World Games
The 1981 World Games were the first World Games, an international multi-sport event, and were held in Santa Clara, California, United States.  The games featured sports that were not included in the Olympics, including tug-of-war, racquetball, baseball and softball, artistic roller skating, roller hockey, roller speed skating, finswimming, karate, women's water polo, bowling, bodybuilding, waterskiing, casting, badminton, trampoline, powerlifting and taekwondo.  Best estimates for attendance figures were that about 80,000 spectators witnessed the first World Games.
Pedro Requena (footballer, born 1961)
Pedro Requena (born 29 June 1961) is a Peruvian footballer. He played in 51 matches for the Peru national football team from 1983 to 1992. He was also part of Peru's squad for the 1983 Copa América tournament.

1983 Copa América
The 1983 Copa América football tournament was played between 10 August and 4 November, with all ten CONMEBOL members participating. Defending champions Paraguay received a bye into the semi-finals.

The cup was won by Uruguay, that beat Brazil in the final match. This achievement ended Uruguay's 16-year streak without an official championship since the 1967 South American Championship, and qualified the Celestes to play the first Artemio Franchi Trophy in 1985 against France, winner of the UEFA Euro 1984.
Dreistromstein
The Dreistromstein (Three Rivers Stone) is a three-sided obelisk that has marked the watershed of the Weser, Elbe and Rhine rivers in the Thuringian Forest since 1906. The base of the obelisk is made of stone typical of each of the river systems—Elbe: granite; Weser: greywacke; Rhein: quartz.

Opposite the Dreistromstein is the Kleiner Dreiherrenstein (Little Three Lords Stone) or Dreiherrenstein am Saarzipfel (Three Lords Stone at Saarzipfel) from 1733, which marks the border of the duchies of Saxe-Meiningen and Saxe-Hildburghausen and the principality of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt.

Duchy
A duchy, also called a dukedom, is a country, territory, fief, or domain ruled by a duke or duchess. In Western European tradition, the title of duke ranked among the highest nobility, generally just below the monarch and above counts or earls.

Historically, there was a significant distinction between sovereign dukes, who ruled independent states, and dukes who were simply noblemen within larger kingdoms. Some duchies functioned as sovereign states in regions that only later became unified nation‑states, such as Germany (once the Holy Roman Empire, a federal empire) and Italy (later a unified kingdom). By contrast, other duchies were subordinate territories within kingdoms that had already consolidated, either partially or fully, during the medieval era: examples include France, Spain, Sicily, Naples, and the Papal States.
Tom Fanoe
Tom Fanoe (born 1946) is the President and COO of Joe Boxer.

Prior to Joe Boxer, Tom served as the President of Levi Strauss's US Division, a company he had been a part of for 28 years before his promotion. He has also served as the company's vice president for customer relations. Tom holds an MBA from the Haas School of Business at the University of California, Berkeley.  He attended Palma High School and was elected to the Palma Sports Hall of Fame in 2006.

Levi Strauss
Levi Strauss (/ˈliːvaɪ ˈstraʊs/ LEE-vy STROWSS; born Löb Strauß, German: [løːp ˈʃtʁaʊs]; February 26, 1829 – September 26, 1902) was a German-born American businessman who founded the first company to manufacture blue jeans. His firm of Levi Strauss & Co. (Levi's) began in 1853 in San Francisco, California.
Mercer County
Mercer County is the name of several counties in the United States:

Mercer County, New Jersey, the most populous U.S. county named Mercer and home to New Jersey's capital city, Trenton

Mercer County, Illinois

Mercer County, Kentucky

Mercer County, Missouri

Mercer County, North Dakota

Mercer County, Ohio

Mercer County, Pennsylvania

Mercer County, Virginia, has existed twice; the two counties continue in existence with the same name in Kentucky and West Virginia

Mercer County, West Virginia

Mercer County, Ohio
Mercer County is located in the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2020 census, the population was 42,528. Its county seat is Celina. The county was created in 1820 and later organized in 1824. It is named for Hugh Mercer, an officer in the American Revolutionary War.

Mercer County comprises the Celina, Ohio Micropolitan Statistical Area
The School for Guardians
The School for Guardians is a 1767 comedy play by the Irish writer Arthur Murphy. It premiered at the Theatre Royal, Covent Garden in London on 10 January 1767. The original cast included John Walker as Sir Theodore Brumpton, Henry Woodward as Young Brumpton, William Smith as Bellford, Edward Shuter as Oldcastle, John Dunstall as Lovibond, Mary Wilford as Harriet and Ann Elliot as Mary Ann. In 1777 Thomas Hull adapted it into a comic opera Love finds the Way with music composed for the production by Thomas Arne.

Comic opera
Comic opera, sometimes known as light opera, is a sung dramatic work of a light or comic nature, usually with a happy ending and often including spoken dialogue.

Forms of comic opera first developed in late 17th-century Italy. By the 1730s, a new operatic genre, opera buffa, emerged as an alternative to opera seria. It quickly made its way to France, where it became opéra comique, and eventually, in the following century, French operetta, with Jacques Offenbach as its most accomplished practitioner.

The influence of Italian and French forms spread to other parts of Europe. Many countries developed their own genres of comic opera, incorporating the Italian and French models along with their own musical traditions. Examples include German singspiel, Viennese operetta, Spanish zarzuela, Russian comic opera, English ballad and Savoy opera, North American operetta and musical comedy.
Jase Daniels
Jase Daniels (born Jason Daniel Knight, July 18, 1982) is a United States Navy linguist who was discharged from the military twice under the policy known as "don't ask, don't tell" (DADT). Daniels served from 2001 to 2005 and again from 2006 to 2007. After coming out in Stars and Stripes, a newspaper published under the sponsorship of the U.S. Department of Defense, Daniels challenged the "don't ask, don't tell" policy that forbade gay and lesbian service members from serving openly. His case attracted attention in such major U.S. media outlets as Newsweek and the New York Times. Daniels returned to active duty in the United States Navy on December 12, 2011, and is believed to be one of the first servicemembers, and perhaps the first, to return to active duty following the end of restrictions on service by openly gay and lesbian servicemembers in the U.S. Armed Forces.

Defense Language Institute
The Defense Language Institute (DLI) is a United States Department of Defense (DoD) educational and research institution consisting of two separate entities which provide linguistic and cultural instruction to the Department of Defense, other federal agencies and numerous customers around the world. The Defense Language Institute is responsible for the Defense Language Program, and the bulk of the Defense Language Institute's activities involve educating DoD members in assigned languages, and international personnel in English. Other functions include planning, curriculum development, and research in second-language acquisition.
Chevy Chase Lake & Kensington Railway
The Chevy Chase Lake & Kensington Railway (later, the Kensington Railway Company) was a streetcar company that operated in southern Montgomery County, Maryland, from 1895 to 1935. It connected the town of Kensington to the northern terminus of the Rock Creek Railway (later, the Capital Traction Company) at Chevy Chase Lake. At its peak, it operated on about 3.75 miles of track, including the associated Sandy Spring Railway.

Rock Creek (Potomac River tributary)
Rock Creek is a tributary of the Potomac River, in the United States, that empties into the Atlantic Ocean via the Chesapeake Bay. The 32.6-mile (52.5 km) creek drains about 76.5 square miles (198 km2). Its final quarter-mile (400 m) is affected by tides.
Air abrasion
Air abrasion is a dental technique that uses compressed air to propel a thin stream of abrasive particles—often aluminum oxide or silica—through a specialized hand-piece to remove tooth tissue and decay before being suctioned away, similar to sand blasting. It can be used in a variety of dental procedures, including removing tooth decay, stains, and old restorations, as well as to prepare teeth for new restorations, sealants, and bonding.

Aluminium oxide
Aluminium oxide (or aluminium(III) oxide) is a chemical compound of aluminium and oxygen with the chemical formula Al2O3. It is the most commonly occurring of several aluminium oxides, and specifically identified as aluminium oxide. It is commonly called alumina and may also be called aloxide, aloxite, ALOX or alundum in various forms and applications. Alumina is refined from bauxite. It occurs naturally in its crystalline polymorphic phase α-Al2O3 as the mineral corundum, varieties of which form the precious gemstones ruby and sapphire, which have an alumina content approaching 100%. Al2O3 is used as feedstock to produce aluminium metal, as an abrasive owing to its hardness, and as a refractory material owing to its high melting point.
Arctowski Nunatak
Arctowski Nunatak is a nunatak 2 miles (3 km) northwest of Hertha Nunatak in the Seal Nunataks group, off the east coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. It was charted by the Swedish Antarctic Expedition under Otto Nordenskjöld during a sledge journey in 1902, and named by him for Henryk Arctowski, Polish geologist, oceanographer, and meteorologist of the Belgian Antarctic Expedition, 1897–99.

Sled
A sled, sledge, or sleigh is a vehicle that slides across a surface, usually of ice or snow. It is built with a smooth underside or a separate body supported by runners that reduce friction with the surface. Some designs are pulled by humans, animals, or machines to transport passengers or cargo across relatively level ground. Others are designed to travel downhill for recreation or competition. Terminology varies by region, for example "sled", "sledge", and "sleigh" have different common uses in British, American, and Australian English.
Adolf Alexander Dillens
Adolf Alexander Dillens, a Belgian genre-painter, was born at Ghent in 1821, and received instruction from his elder brother Hendrik Dillens. His first works were of an historical nature, but he afterwards devoted himself to pictures illustrating Zealand peasant life. He died in 1877. Amongst his best works are:

The Gossip at the Window.

Taking Toll at the Bridge (of this picture he painted three versions).

Asking in Marriage.

A Fair at Westcapelle (at Paris International Exhibition, 1855).

A Ball at Goes (at the same)

The Juggler (at London International Exhibition, 1862).

Skaters (in Brussels Museum).

Recruiting: Austrian Soldiers halting at a Tavern (in the same).

Genre art
Genre art is the pictorial representation in any of various media of scenes or events from everyday life, such as markets, domestic settings, interiors, parties, inn scenes, work, and street scenes. Such representations (also called genre works, genre scenes, or genre views) may be realistic, imagined, or romanticized by the artist. Some variations of the term genre art specify the medium or type of visual work, as in genre painting, genre prints, genre photographs, and so on.

The following concentrates on painting, but genre motifs were also extremely popular in many forms of the decorative arts, especially from the Rococo of the early 18th century onwards. Single figures or small groups decorated a huge variety of objects such as porcelain, furniture, wallpaper, and textiles.
Surgicel
Surgicel is a hemostatic agent (blood-clot-inducing material) made of an oxidized cellulose polymer (polyanhydroglucuronic acid), manufactured by the Ethicon subsidiary of Johnson & Johnson. It was introduced into clinical practice in 1947. It is used to control bleeding, including post-surgical bleeding and bleeding from superficial injuries to the skin.

Surgicel is used extensively in oral and maxillofacial surgery to control intrabony arterial bleeds from the inferior alveolar artery.  It is frequently used to stop bleeding following newborn circumcision if pressure alone is inadequate. When placed in the mandibular canal with the inferior alveolar nerve exposed there have been reports of neurotoxic effects.

Common sizes include:

Bleeding
Bleeding, hemorrhage, haemorrhage or blood loss, is blood escaping from the circulatory system from damaged blood vessels. Bleeding can occur internally, or externally either through a natural opening such as the mouth, nose, ear, urethra, vagina, or anus, or through a puncture in the skin.
Hypovolemia is a massive decrease in blood volume, and death by excessive loss of blood is referred to as exsanguination. Typically, a healthy person can endure a loss of 10–15% of the total blood volume without serious medical difficulties (by comparison, blood donation typically takes 8–10% of the donor's blood volume). The stopping or controlling of bleeding is called hemostasis and is an important part of both first aid and surgery.
Leonard Tosswill
Leonard Robert Tosswill (12 January 1880 – 3 October 1932) was an English international rugby union player.

The son of an eye surgeon, Tosswill picked up rugby during his years at Exeter School and later attended Marlborough College, where he was the first XV captain in 1896. He remained active in rugby while studying medicine and competed for St Bartholomew's Hospital, as well as Blackheath. A Devon and Middlesex representative, Tosswill also briefly appeared for England in 1902, gaining three international caps. He retired after obtaining his medical qualifications.

Tosswill served in France with the Royal Army Medical Corps during World War I and was twice mentioned in dispatches. He later became a commissioner in the Ministry of Pensions and was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 1919 for his wartime service.

Exeter School
Exeter School is a private co-educational day school for pupils between the ages of 3 and 18 in Exeter, Devon, England. The younger year groups are based at Exeter Pre-Prep School in Exminster, which was previously known as The New School. In 2019, there were around 200 pupils in the Junior School and 700 in the Senior School.
Evansdale Cheese
Evansdale Cheese Factory is a small New Zealand producer of handmade cheeses, located at Hawksbury in Otago, about 35 km north of Dunedin on State Highway 1. It takes its name from its original location at Evansdale, which lies 15 km north of Dunedin at the foot of the Kilmog.

The company states that it has won awards including 'The Supreme Champion Award for Cheese in New Zealand' and 'The Auckland Royal Easter Show Supreme Award' and that it has supplied cheese to Government House, Wellington for Queen Elizabeth II.

Government House, Wellington
Government House is the principal residence of the governor-general of New Zealand, the representative of the New Zealand head of state, King Charles III. Dame Cindy Kiro, who has been Governor-General since October 2021, currently resides there with her spouse, Richard Davies. The present building, the third Government House in Wellington, was completed in 1910, and is located in the suburb of Newtown.

As well as being an official residence and workplace, Government House is also the main venue where the governor-general entertains members of the public, and receives visiting heads of state and other dignitaries and the credentials of ambassadors to New Zealand. Government House is likewise the location of many award presentations and investitures, and where prime ministers and other ministers of the Crown are sworn in, among other ceremonial and constitutional functions.

Members of the royal family stay at Government House when on official visits to New Zealand.