hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Maggie Michael
Maggie Michael (born 1974) is an American painter.
Born in Milwaukee, Michael has spent much of her career in Washington, D.C. A 1996 graduate of the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, from which she received a BFA, with honors, she received her MA from San Francisco State University in 2000 and her MFA from American University in 2002. She has received numerous awards during her career, including a grant from the Joan Mitchell Foundation in 2004, the same year in which she was given a Young Artist Grant by the D.C. Commission on the Arts and Humanities; she has also worked with the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden. Michael is married to the sculptor Dan Steinhilber. She has served on the faculty of the Corcoran College of Art and Design.

Corcoran School of the Arts and Design
The Corcoran School of the Arts and Design (known as the Corcoran School or CSAD) is the professional art school of the George Washington University, in Washington, D.C. Founded in 1878, the school is housed in the Corcoran Gallery of Art, the oldest private cultural institution in Washington, located on The Ellipse, facing the White House. The Corcoran School is part of GW's Columbian College of Arts and Sciences and was formerly an independent college, until 2014.
Ignacio Martín (rugby union)
Ignacio Amadeo Martín Goenaga (born 15 October 1983) is a Spanish rugby sevens player. He competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics for the Spanish rugby sevens team. He was also part of the team that defeated Samoa 7s to earn the last spot for the Olympics.

Martín played at the 2013 Rugby World Cup Sevens. He is married to Juliet Itoya.

Spain national rugby sevens team
Spain's national rugby sevens team is one of 12 core teams participating in all ten tournaments of the World Rugby Sevens Series, having qualified by winning the 2017 Hong Kong Sevens qualifier tournament. Spain participated as a core team in the 2012–13 IRB Sevens World Series, but was relegated the following season.

The team trains together at the country's Olympic training facilities in Madrid, which itself has been a result of the sport entering its first Olympic cycle. Spain won the 2016 Olympic qualifying repechage tournament by beating Samoa 22–19 to qualify for the last available qualifying spot for the 2016 Summer Olympics.

The team also competes annually in Rugby Europe's Sevens Grand Prix Series tournament.
Emirates Airline Festival of Literature
The Emirates Airline Festival of Literature (The Festival) is an international literature festival held annually in the United Arab Emirates. The festival is held under the patronage of Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, under the auspices of the Emirates Literature Foundation and is run by Ahlam Bolooki. The festival's offices are located within the Dubai International Writers' Centre.

The festival is held each February at the Habtoor Palace, in Dubai, in partnership with Emirates Airline and the Dubai Culture & Arts Authority.

Ken Hom
Ken Hom (traditional Chinese: 譚榮輝; simplified Chinese: 谭荣辉; pinyin: Tán Rónghuī, born May 3, 1949) is a Chinese-American chef, author and television-show presenter for the BBC, specialising in Asian and East/West Cuisine. Already appointed an honorary Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 2009 for "services to culinary arts", he was further appointed an honorary Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in 2022.
2021 Engie Open de Biarritz – Doubles
Manon Arcangioli and Kimberley Zimmermann were the defending champions for the 2021 Engie Open de Biarritz, having won the previous edition in 2019. However, both players chose not to participate in the 2021 edition of the women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Biarritz, France.

Oksana Selekhmeteva and Daniela Vismane won the title, defeating Sarah Beth Grey and Magali Kempen in the final, 6–3, 7–6(7–5).

2019 Engie Open de Biarritz
The 2019 Engie Open de Biarritz was the 17th edition of the Engie Open de Biarritz, a professional women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts.

The 2019 edition of the tournament was part of the 2019 ITF Women's World Tennis Tour. It took place in Biarritz, France between 15 and 21 July 2019.
John Deller
John R. "Jack" Deller Jr. is an American electrical engineer, IEEE Life Member and Fellow, and Professor Emeritus of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Michigan State University. He is known for his research in statistical signal processing with applications to speech processing, bioinformatics, and medical diagnostics, and for his influential textbooks on digital speech signal processing.

Deller served as Editor-in-Chief of IEEE Signal Processing Magazine for six years and received the IEEE Signal Processing Society's Meritorious Service Award in 1997 for holding this appointment. At Michigan State University, he directed the Statistical Signal Processing Laboratory and was an affiliate faculty member in MSU's BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action.

Speech processing
Speech processing is the study of speech signals and the processing methods of  signals. The signals are usually processed in a digital representation, so speech processing can be regarded as a special case of digital signal processing, applied to speech signals. Aspects of speech processing includes the acquisition, manipulation, storage, transfer and output of speech signals. Different speech processing tasks include speech recognition, speech synthesis, speaker diarization, speech enhancement, speaker recognition, etc.
Pleasant Creek Wildlife Management Area
Pleasant Creek Wildlife Management Area is located near Philippi, West Virginia in Barbour and Taylor counties. Located on 3,030 acres (1,230 ha) land that varies from wetlands to steeply forested woodlands, the Pleasant Creek WMA rises to an elevation of 1,600 feet (490 m).

Channel catfish
The channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus),meaning “fish cat with spots”. known informally as the "channel cat", is a species of catfish native to North America. They are North America's most abundant catfish species, and the official state fish of Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska and Tennessee. The channel catfish is the most fished species of catfish in the United States, with around 8 million anglers angling them per year. The popularity of channel catfish for food has contributed to the rapid expansion of this species' aquaculture in the United States. It has also been widely introduced to Europe, Asia and South America, and many countries consider it an invasive species.
Trovafloxacin
Trovafloxacin (sold as Trovan by Pfizer and Turvel by Laboratorios Almirall) is a broad spectrum antibiotic that inhibits the uncoiling of supercoiled DNA in various bacteria by blocking the activity of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. It was withdrawn from the market due to the risk of hepatotoxicity. It had better Gram-positive bacterial coverage but less Gram-negative coverage than the previous fluoroquinolones.

DNA supercoil
DNA supercoiling refers to the amount of twist in a particular DNA strand, which determines the amount of strain on it. A given strand may be "positively supercoiled" or "negatively supercoiled" (more or less tightly wound). The amount of a strand's supercoiling affects a number of biological processes, such as compacting DNA and regulating access to the genetic code (which strongly affects DNA metabolism and possibly gene expression). Certain enzymes, such as topoisomerases, change the amount of DNA supercoiling to facilitate functions such as DNA replication and transcription.  The amount of supercoiling in a given strand is described by a mathematical formula that compares it to a reference state known as "relaxed B-form" DNA.
Laser cutting bridge
In textile manufacturing, a laser cutting bridge system is an industrial machine for cutting and engraving textile materials (i.e. fabrics). It is formed by a galvanometric laser head and carbon-dioxide laser (CO2 laser) source that runs along an horizontal beam (the bridge) supported by two lateral columns and sometimes by central columns. This system is placed over one or more embroidery machines, more frequently multi-head rather than single-head machines, cutting tables and roller devices to cut out and/or engrave embroidered fabrics.

Mirror galvanometer
A mirror galvanometer is an ammeter that indicates it has sensed an electric current by deflecting a light beam with a mirror.  The beam of light projected on a scale acts as a long massless pointer.  In 1826, Johann Christian Poggendorff developed the mirror galvanometer for detecting electric currents. The apparatus is also known as a spot galvanometer after the spot of light produced in some models.

Mirror galvanometers were used extensively in scientific instruments before reliable, stable electronic amplifiers were available.  The most common uses were as recording equipment for seismometers and submarine cables used for telegraphy.

In modern times, the term mirror galvanometer is also used for devices that move laser beams by rotating a mirror through a galvanometer set-up, often with a servo-like control loop. The name is often abbreviated as galvo.
Halderman
Halderman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Caitlin Halderman (born 2000), Indonesian actress and singer

J. Alex Halderman (born 1981), American computer scientist

Joe Halderman (born 1957), American television news writer, director, and producer

Linda Halderman (born 1968), American politician

Caitlin Halderman
Caitlin Halderman Chaniago (born 17 July 2000) is an Indonesian actress, singer and presenter. She made her acting debut as the female lead character in 2016 film, Ada Cinta Di SMA. Her name became widely known after playing, Love Letter for Starla in 2017. She is of Dutch descent.
Taheke River
There are two Taheke Rivers in the Northland Region of New Zealand's North Island.

One flows north from its origins in hills to the east of Whangārei reaching the Waitangi River to form the Horahora River, which runs into Ngunguru Bay.

Another Taheke River starts at the confluence of the Punakitere and Ōtaua Rivers, near Taheke, and flows about 8 km (5.0 mi) to become the Waimā River, which runs into Hokianga Harbour.

Whangārei
Whangārei is the northernmost city in New Zealand and the largest settlement of the Northland Region. It is part of the Whangarei District, created in 1989 from the former Whangarei City, Whangarei County and Hikurangi Town councils to administer both the city and its hinterland. The city population was estimated to be 56,100 in June 2025, an increase from 47,000 in 2001.
Julburg
The listed villa Julburg (English: Yule Castle) in the Bachviertel in Leipzig, Germany, is considered one of the most beautiful buildings of historicism and was the residence of the architect Oskar Mothes.

Historicism (art)
Historicism or historism comprises artistic styles that draw their inspiration from recreating historic styles or imitating the work of historic artists and artisans. This is especially common in architecture, where there are many different styles of Revival architecture, which dominated large buildings in the 19th century. Through a combination of different styles or the implementation of new elements, historicism can create completely different aesthetics than former styles. Thus, it offers a great variety of possible designs.
Illuminaudio
Illuminaudio is the third studio album by American post-hardcore band Chiodos. It was released on October 5, 2010 through Equal Vision Records. Illuminaudio is the first and only studio album from the band with vocalist Brandon Bolmer, formerly of Yesterdays Rising, after the departure of Craig Owens. Owens would return to the band in 2012, replacing Bolmer. This is also the first and only album with drummer Tanner Wayne, formerly of Underminded. He would leave the band in 2012, to be replaced by former drummer Derrick Frost. This is also the last album with original guitarist Jason Hale. He would leave the band in 2012 to be replaced by The Fall of Troy's guitarist and vocalist Thomas Erak. As of March 2014, the album has sold 49,000 copies in the United States.

Craig Owens
Craigery "Craig" Owens (born August 26, 1984) is an American musician best known as the lead vocalist of Chiodos. He has also had an involvement in various projects such as Cinematic Sunrise, The Sound of Animals Fighting, Isles & Glaciers, and Destroy Rebuild Until God Shows. He has recorded as a solo artist, is an established music producer, has written and recorded with the likes of Dr. Dre, and has also acted in the 2012 film K-11.

Owens sings in the tenor vocal range.

He currently performs under the stage name badXchannels.
Type 5 Chi-Ri medium tank
The Type 5 medium tank Chi-Ri (五式中戦車 チリ, Go-shiki chusensha Chi-ri) ("Imperial Year 2605 Medium Tank Model 9") was a medium tank developed by the Imperial Japanese Army in World War II. It was intended to be a heavier, more powerful version of Japan's prototype Type 4 Chi-To medium tank. Only one incomplete prototype was built.

Medium tank
A medium tank is a classification of tanks, particularly prevalent during World War II, which represented a compromise between the mobility oriented light tanks and the armour and armament oriented heavy tanks. A medium tank's classification is not based on weight, but on tactical usage and intended purpose; for instance the German Panzerkampfwagen V Panther medium tank has a mass similar to contemporary Allied heavy tanks. The most widely produced, cost effective and successful tanks of World War II (the German Panzer IV, the Soviet T-34, and the American M4 Sherman) were all medium tank designs. Many of the medium tank lines became what are called main battle tanks in most countries.
United Kingdom cost-of-living crisis
In late 2021, the prices of many essential goods in the United Kingdom began increasing faster than household incomes, resulting in a fall in real incomes. The phenomenon has been termed a cost-of-living crisis. It is due in part to the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, including a global surge in inflation, as well as the economic instability caused by Brexit and the Russo-Ukrainian war.

While all in the UK are affected by rising prices, the crisis most substantially affects low-income persons. The British government has responded with measures including grants, tax rebates, and subsidies to electricity and gas suppliers. Regular pay began to outpace inflation beginning in May 2023, but living costs have remained at elevated levels, and have continued to increase faster than headline inflation into 2025. The Joseph Rowntree Foundation projected in 2025 that disposable incomes would continue to decline for the rest of the decade.

Economic consequences of the Russo-Ukrainian war (2022–present)
The economic consequences of the Russo-Ukrainian war (2022–present) began in late February 2022, in the days after Russia recognized two breakaway Ukrainian republics and launched an invasion of Ukraine. The subsequent economic sanctions have targeted large parts of the Russian economy, Russian oligarchs, and members of the Russian government. Russia responded in kind. A wave of protests and strikes occurred across Europe against the rising cost of living.

The war in Ukraine has also resulted in significant loss of human capital, destruction of agricultural trading infrastructure, huge damage to production capacity, including through the loss of electricity, and a reduction in private consumption of more than a third relative to pre-war levels.
Nadeem F. Paracha
Nadeem Farooq Paracha (Urdu: ندیم فاروق پراچہ; born 6 February 1967), also known as NFP, is a Pakistani journalist, author, cultural critic, satirist, and historian. He is a columnist for Pakistan's largest English-language daily Dawn.

Dawn (newspaper)
Dawn is a Pakistani English-language newspaper that was launched in British India by Muhammad Ali Jinnah in 1941. It is the largest English newspaper in Pakistan, and is widely considered the country's newspaper of record. Dawn is the flagship publication of the Dawn Media Group, which also owns local radio station CityFM89 as well as the marketing and media magazine Aurora.

Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Pakistan's founding father, launched the newspaper in Delhi on 26 October 1941, with the goal of establishing it as a mouthpiece for the All-India Muslim League. The first issue was printed at Latifi Press on 12 October 1942. Based in Karachi, it also maintains offices in Lahore, Peshawar, Quetta and the capital city of Islamabad, in addition to having correspondents abroad. As of 2010, it has a weekday circulation of over 109,000. The newspaper's current chief editor is Zaffar Abbas.
Streets of Forbes
"Streets of Forbes"  (Roud # 20764) is an Australian folksong about the death of bushranger Ben Hall. The song is one of the best-known elements of the Australian folk repertoire. It has been recorded by many folk and popular artists and groups including The Bushwhackers, Gary Shearston, Niamh Parsons, June Tabor, Show of Hands, and Weddings Parties Anything. English folk singer Martin Carthy sings the song on his 1968 album But Two Came By with Dave Swarbrick.

Paul Kelly made his public debut singing the Australian folk song "Streets of Forbes" to a Hobart audience in 1974. "The Streets of Forbes" is usually listed as traditional or anonymous, but Gary Shearston writes that "there are reasons for thinking John McGuire, (Ben Hall's brother in law), may well have been the original author".

Gary Shearston
Gary Rhett Shearston (9 January 1939 – 1 July 2013) was an Australian singer-songwriter and Anglican priest. He was a leading figure of the folk music revival of the 1960s and performed traditional folk songs in an authentic style. He scored a top 10 hit in the United Kingdom in 1974 with his cover version of Cole Porter's song "I Get a Kick out of You". From the 1990s he also worked as a priest in rural New South Wales.
Riina Hein
Riina Hein (born 3 March 1955) is an Estonian film actress, film and television director and producer, and screenwriter. Hein made her screen debut as a teenager and is possibly best recalled for her role as Raja Teele in three film adaptations of novels penned by author Oskar Luts: Kevade (1969), Suvi (1976), and Sügis (1990), and a 2020 follow-up film Talve (Winter). After largely retiring from acting, Hein has focused on a career in television advertising, and film and television directing and producing.

Estonians
Estonians or Estonian people (Estonian: eestlased) are a Finnic ethnic group native to the Baltic Sea region in Northern Europe, primarily their nation state of Estonia.

Estonians primarily speak the Estonian language, a language closely related to other Finnic languages, e.g. Finnish, Karelian and Livonian. Estonians can also be classified into subgroups according to dialects (e.g. Võros, Setos), although such divisions have become less pronounced due to internal migration and rapid urbanisation in Estonia in the 20th century.

There are approximately 1.1 million ethnic Estonians worldwide, with the majority of them residing in their native Estonia. Estonian diaspora communities formed primarily in Finland, the United States, Sweden, Canada, and the United Kingdom.
Book (surname)
Book is an English surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Anna Book (born 1970), Swedish singer

Asher Book (born 1988), American dancer, singer-songwriter and actor

Clifford H. Book (1895–1954), lawyer in Melbourne, Australia

Dan Book (born 1983), American songwriter and record producer

Ed Book (born 1970), New Zealand basketball player

Ian Book (born 1998), American football player

Kim Book (born 1946), English footballer and manager

Lauren Book (born 1984), American politician

Nils-Ole Book (born 1986), German footballer

Raymond Book (1925–2018), American politician

Steve Book (born 1969), English footballer

Todd Book (born 1968), American politician

Tony Book (1934–2025), English footballer and manager

Tony Book
Anthony Keith Book (4 September 1934 – 13 January 2025) was an English football player and coach who played as a right-back. Book spent a large part of his career in Non-League football with his home town club Bath City as well as other local sides Peasedown Miners and Frome Town FC, before entering league football with Plymouth Argyle. At the age of 31, he joined First Division Manchester City, where he became captain. Under Book's captaincy, Manchester City won four major trophies, making him the second-most decorated Manchester City captain of all-time. Book had a five-year tenure as Manchester City manager from 1974 to 1979, and subsequently held various coaching roles at the club until 1996. According to Book's former teammate Mike Summerbee, George Best described Book as his "most difficult opponent".
Tamil grammar
Much of Tamil grammar is extensively described in the oldest available grammar book for Tamil, the Tolkāppiyam (dated between 300 BCE and 300 CE). Modern Tamil writing is largely based on the 13th century grammar Naṉṉūl, which restated and clarified the rules of the Tolkāppiyam with some modifications.

Grammatical number
In linguistics, grammatical number is a feature of nouns, pronouns, adjectives and verb agreement that expresses count distinctions (such as "one", "two" or "three or more"). English and many other languages present number categories of singular or plural. Some languages also have a dual, trial and paucal number or other arrangements.

The word "number" is also used in linguistics to describe the distinction between certain grammatical aspects that indicate the number of times an event occurs, such as the semelfactive aspect, the iterative aspect, etc. For that use of the term, see "Grammatical aspect".
Escape of Debtors, etc. Act 1696
The Escape of Debtors, etc. Act 1696 (8 & 9 Will. 3. c. 27) or the Escape from Prison Act 1697 was an act of the Parliament of England, the long title of which is An Act For the more effectual relief of creditors in cases of escapes, and for preventing abuses in prisons and pretended privileged places.

Several locations in London, mainly liberties and extra-parochial areas,  had become notorious as hideaways for debtors escaping imprisonment. Those named in the act were Whitefriars, the Savoy, Salisbury Court, Ram Alley, Mitre Court, Fulwood’s Rents [or Fuller's Rents], Baldwins Gardens, "Mountague Close or the Minories",  the Mint, and "Clink or Deadmans Place". The privileges and immunities of these places were suspended so that the debtors could be pursued.

Liberty of the Clink
The Liberty of the Clink was an area in Southwark, on the south bank of the River Thames, opposite the City of London. Although situated in Surrey the liberty was exempt from the jurisdiction of the county's sheriff and was under the jurisdiction of the Bishop of Winchester who was usually either the Chancellor or Treasurer of the King.
Swiss Indoor Athletics Championships
The Swiss Indoor Athletics Championships (German: Schweizer Leichtathletik-Hallenmeisterschaften, French: Championnats suisses d´athlétisme en salle) is an annual indoor track and field competition organised by the Swiss Athletics Federation, which serves as the national championship for the sport in Switzerland. Typically held over two to three days in February during the Swiss winter, it was first added to the national calendar in 1982, supplementing the main outdoor Swiss Athletics Championships held in the summer since 1906.

National championship
A national championship(s) is the top achievement for any sport or contest within a league of a particular nation or nation state. The title is usually awarded by contests, ranking systems, stature, ability, etc. This determines the best team, individual (or other entity) in a particular nation and in a particular field. Often, the use of the term cup or championship is just a choice of words.