hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Plutonium-238
Plutonium-238 (238Pu or Pu-238) is a radioactive isotope of plutonium that has a half-life of 87.7 years.

Plutonium-238 is a very powerful alpha emitter; as alpha particles are easily blocked, this makes the plutonium-238 isotope suitable for usage in radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs) and radioisotope heater units. The density of plutonium-238 at room temperature is about 19.8 g/cc. The material will generate about 0.57 watts per gram of 238Pu.

The bare sphere critical mass of metallic plutonium-238 is not precisely known, but its calculated range is between 9.04 and 10.07 kg (19.9 and 22.2 lb).

Critical mass
In nuclear engineering, critical mass is the minimum mass of the fissile material needed for a sustained nuclear chain reaction in a particular setup. The critical mass of a fissionable material depends upon its nuclear properties (specifically, its nuclear fission cross-section), density, shape, enrichment, purity, temperature, and surroundings. It is an important parameter of a nuclear reactor core or nuclear weapon. The concept is important in nuclear weapon design.

Critical size is the minimum size of the fissile material needed for a sustained nuclear chain reaction in a particular setup. If the size of the reactor core is less than a certain minimum, too many fission neutrons escape through its surface and the chain reaction is not sustained. A perfect sphere, which has the lowest surface-area-to-volume ratio, gives the minimal critical size.
Polish Tourist and Sightseeing Society
Polskie Towarzystwo Turystyczno-Krajoznawcze,  PTTK (Polish Tourist and Sightseeing Society) is a Polish non-governmental tourist organization with 312 branches across the country.

The PTTK is one of the oldest tourist societies in Europe. Its origins stretch back to the foreign Partitions of Poland. In August 1873 a group of tourism enthusiasts including painter and photographer Walery Eljasz Radzikowski from Kraków and physician Tytus Chałubiński founded the Polish cultural Tatra Society (Polskie Towarzystwo Tatrzańskie, originally the "Galician" Tatra Society for the Austrian censorship). A parallel Polish Sightseeing Society (Polskie Towarzystwo Krajoznawcze) was founded by ethnographer Zygmunt Gloger in 1906.  The two organizations merged after World War II in 1950 to form the PTTK.

Enthusiasm
In modern usage, "enthusiasm" refers to intense enjoyment, interest, or approval expressed by a person. The term is allegedly related to playfulness, inventiveness, optimism, zest, verve, and high energy.
People can often characterise the modern version of enthusiasm as  "infectious" or "contagious",
and sometimes even more metaphorically as a virus in its own right.

The word once applied, in accordance with its etymology,
to persons possessed by a god, or to people who exhibited intense piety.
USS Miami (CL-89)
USS Miami was a Cleveland-class light cruiser of the United States Navy, which were built during World War II. The class was designed as a development of the earlier Brooklyn-class cruisers, the size of which had been limited by the First London Naval Treaty. The start of the war led to the dissolution of the treaty system, but the dramatic need for new vessels precluded a new design, so the Clevelands used the same hull as their predecessors, but were significantly heavier. The Clevelands carried a main battery of twelve 6-inch (152 mm) guns in four three-gun turrets, along with a secondary armament of twelve 5 in (127 mm) dual-purpose guns. They had a top speed of 32.5 knots (60.2 km/h; 37.4 mph).

Miami was commissioned in December 1943, and saw service in several campaigns in the Pacific.  Like almost all her sister ships, she was decommissioned shortly after the end of the war, and never saw active service again.  Miami was scrapped in the early 1960s.

London Naval Treaty
The London Naval Treaty, officially the Treaty for the Limitation and Reduction of Naval Armament, was an agreement between the United Kingdom, Japan, France, Italy, and the United States that was signed on 22 April 1930. Seeking to address issues not covered in the 1922 Washington Naval Treaty, which had created tonnage limits for each nation's surface warships, the new agreement regulated submarine warfare, further controlled cruisers and destroyers, and limited naval shipbuilding.

Ratifications were exchanged in London on 27 October 1930, and the treaty went into effect on the same day, but it was largely ineffective.

The treaty was registered in League of Nations Treaty Series on 6 February 1931.
Fred Lindop
George Frederick Lindop MBE (20 July 1938 – January 2023) was a British rugby league referee. He refereed 22 test matches, including the World Cup final in 1970. He also refereed five Challenge Cup Finals.

Lindop was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 1989 New Year Honours for services to rugby league, and was inducted to the Rugby Football League's Roll of Honour in 2009.

Lindop also established the University of Sheffield rugby league team in 1969 and coached them. He coached junior rugby league at the Eastmoor club in Wakefield and the Oulton Raiders club near Leeds.

His death was announced on 23 January 2023, at the age of 84.

Rugby Football League
The Rugby Football League (RFL) is the governing body for rugby league in England. Founded in 1895 as the Northern Rugby Football Union following 22 clubs resigning from the Rugby Football Union, it changed its name in 1922 to the Rugby Football League.

Based at Sportcity in Manchester, it is responsible for organising professional competitions and, in association with the British Amateur Rugby League Association (BARLA), the community game. It also provides match officials for every level as well as administering the England national team

The Rugby Football League has been a member of the International Rugby League (IRL) since 1948 and European Rugby League (ERL) since its foundation in 2003.
Eisenstein sum
In mathematics, an Eisenstein sum is a finite sum depending on a finite field and related to a Gauss sum. Eisenstein sums were introduced by Eisenstein in 1848, named "Eisenstein sums" by Stickelberger in 1890, and rediscovered by Yamamoto in 1985, who called them relative Gauss sums.

Gauss sum
In algebraic number theory, a Gauss sum or Gaussian sum is a particular kind of finite sum of roots of unity, typically

where the sum is over elements r of some finite commutative ring R, ψ is a group homomorphism of the additive group R+ into the unit circle, and χ is a group homomorphism of the unit group R× into the unit circle, extended to non-unit r, where it takes the value 0. Gauss sums are the analogues for finite fields of the Gamma function.

Such sums are ubiquitous in number theory. They occur, for example, in the functional equations of Dirichlet L-functions, where for a Dirichlet character χ the equation relating L(s, χ) and L(1 − s, χ) (where χ is the complex conjugate of χ) involves a factor
United Patriots
The United Patriots (OP; Bulgarian: Обединени Патриоти; ОП, romanized: Obedineni Patrioti; OP) was a nationalist electoral alliance in Bulgaria formed by three political parties: VMRO, Attack (until 25 July 2019), and the National Front for the Salvation of Bulgaria (NFSB).

The coalition between the three parties was created by the agreement put forward a joint candidacy for the 2016 presidential election. The coalition's candidates for president and vice president were the then Deputy Chairmen of the National Assembly Krasimir Karakachanov (for President) and Yavor Notev (for Vice President).

On July 25, 2019, Volen Siderov, Desislav Chukolov and Pavel Shopov were expelled from the parliamentary group.

The coalition was part of the Third Borisov Government.
All parties in the coalition were defeated in the 2021 Bulgarian parliamentary election and failed to gain any seats in the National Assembly.

2016 Bulgarian presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Bulgaria on 6 November 2016, alongside a referendum on changes to the electoral system and political party funding. The second round was held on 13 November 2016, resulting in the victory of Rumen Radev.
Gull River (Lake Nipigon)
The Gull River is a river in Thunder Bay District in Northwestern Ontario, Canada. The river is in the Great Lakes Basin and is a tributary of Lake Nipigon.

The river is a cold water system, with a number of rapids and waterfalls. The lower 24 km (15 mi) and upper reaches of the river consist of sandy, meandering portions, with numerous loops and oxbow lakes. Its middle section is in a morainal-dominated valley with narrow straight channels where whitewater sections flow over bedrock.

The Gull River is a documented canoe route, linking interior lakes such as Garden and Mooseland Lakes to Lake Nipigon.  From Garden Lake Road (Highway 811) to Highway 527, the route is about 100 kilometres (62 mi) long, taking between 5 and 8 days. There are 15 documented portages and few campsites, which are not signed and see little to no maintenance. It is only recommended for experienced paddlers with whitewater skills.

Moraine
A moraine is any accumulation of unconsolidated debris (regolith and rock), sometimes referred to as glacial till, that occurs in both currently and formerly glaciated regions, and that has been previously carried along by a glacier or ice sheet. It may consist of partly rounded particles ranging in size from boulders (in which case it is often referred to as boulder clay) down to gravel and sand, in a groundmass of finely divided clayey material sometimes called glacial flour. Lateral moraines are those formed at the side of the ice flow, and terminal moraines are those formed at the foot, marking the maximum advance of the glacier. Other types of moraine include ground moraines (till-covered areas forming sheets on flat or irregular topography) and medial moraines (moraines formed where two glaciers meet).
Digbapia
Digbapia is a village in western Ivory Coast. It is in the sub-prefecture of Grégbeu, Zoukougbeu Department, Haut-Sassandra Region, Sassandra-Marahoué District.

Digbapia was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1,126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

Sassandra-Marahoué District
Sassandra-Marahoué District (French: District du  Sassandra-Marahoué, [sa.sɑ̃d.ʁa ma.ʁa.we]) is one of fourteen administrative districts of Ivory Coast. The district is located in the central part of the country. The capital of the district is Daloa.
Nissan Saurus
The Nissan Saurus was a concept car designed by Nissan Motor and unveiled at the 1987 Tokyo Motor Show.  It was a roadster featuring a 2.0-liter turbocharged engine, with bulging fenders and a design reminiscent of the Lotus Seven.

Nissan marketed the Saurus as part of a pair along with the Jura minivan concept, introduced as a practical complement to the roadster. This approach was very radical for the Japanese market where space for two automobiles was unrealistic for most, so it was safely assumed the Saurus concept was never meant to see production.

Tokyo Motor Show
The Japan Mobility Show (ジャパンモビリティショー), called Tokyo Motor Show (東京モーターショー) (TMS) until 2023, is a biennial auto show held in October–November at the Tokyo Big Sight, Tokyo, Japan for cars, motorcycles and commercial vehicles. Hosted by the Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association (JAMA), it is a recognized international show by the Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs d'Automobiles, and normally sees more concept cars than actual production car introductions, which is the reason why the automotive press sees the show as one of the motorshow's big five (along with Detroit, Geneva, Frankfurt and Paris).

For the first time in its 67-year history, the show was cancelled for 2021 due to rising cases of COVID-19.
NFL on NBC Radio
From 1985–1986, the NBC Radio Network was the official, national radio provider for National Football League games. The program succeeded (and was itself, ultimately succeeded by) the CBS Radio Network's package.

Dave Rowe (American football)
David Homeyer Rowe (born June 20, 1945) is an American former professional football player who was a defensive tackle in the National Football League (NFL).  He played college football for the Penn State Nittany Lions. After his NFL career, he became a sports commentator. He played an important part in the Oakland Raiders' Super Bowl XI victory.
Whittle Hall
Whittle Hall is a housing estate within the parish of Great Sankey in the town of Warrington, in the Warrington district, in the ceremonial county of Cheshire, England. Its more exact location is in-between the old centre of Great Sankey, the new built Chapelford, and the Omega Development Site (formerly RAF Burtonwood). The area falls under the WA5 postal code. The estate consisted originally of Whittle Hall Farm and its surrounding fields, however as part of the Warrington new town development, the last 20 years have seen the fields turned into modern houses. The estate also contains Whittle Hall Community Centre and the original farm building which are now due to be demolished for a proposed redevelopment. As the estate is part of the new town development, the people who reside there are originally from all over the UK.

Omega Development Site
Omega is a property development site in Warrington, Cheshire comprising 226 hectares straddling the M62 motorway. The site comprises a large part of the former RAF/USAF Burtonwood airbase. A new junction on the M62 (junction 8) was built in anticipation of the development.

The whole site was to provide 650,000 sq m of offices, manufacturing and distribution space along with ancillary leisure/retail facilities, hotel and conference facilities. Around 24,000 jobs were hoped to be created over the lifetime of the scheme to make one of Europe's largest business parks.

A large part of the southern part of the site was eventually allocated to new housing.
David Selby (basketball)
David Thomas Selby, OAM (born 29 May 1969)  is an Australian wheelchair basketball player. He was born in Sydney, New South Wales. He was part of the gold medal-winning Australia men's national wheelchair basketball team at the 1996 Summer Paralympics, for which he received a Medal of the Order of Australia. He was also part of the silver medal-winning Australia men's national wheelchair basketball team  at the 2004 Summer Paralympics.

1996 Summer Paralympics
The 1996 Summer Paralympic in Atlanta, Georgia, United States, were held from August 15 to 25. It was the first Paralympics to get mass media sponsorship, and had a budget of USD $81 million.

It was the first Paralympic Games where International Sports Federation for Persons with an Intellectual Disability athletes were given full medal status.
Howie Clark
Howard Roddy Clark (born February 13, 1974) is an American professional baseball coach and former utility player. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Baltimore Orioles, Toronto Blue Jays, and Minnesota Twins, and coached for the Orioles and Chicago White Sox. He is currently the hitting coach for the Memphis Redbirds.

Utility player (baseball)
In baseball, a utility player or utility man is a player who has the ability to play more than one position in the field and is primarily used as a substitute. The term super utility player may be used to refer to a player who can play all or most positions, or a player who regularly appears in the starting lineup at different positions.
Waitutu River
The Waitutu River is a river in southern Fiordland, New Zealand. It is the outlet of Lake Poteriteri to the sea.

The name Waitutu River is official and can be translated as Boisterous waters. The river is crossed by a suspension bridge on the South Coast Track. Along the Track, Waitutu is 13 from Wairaurāhiri Hut and 12 from Big River. A DoC hut is close to the river mouth. Another is a few hundred metres up the Slaughterburn tributary.

Wilderness hut
A wilderness hut, bothy, backcountry hut, or backcountry shelter is a free, primitive mountain hut for temporary accommodation, usually located in wilderness areas, national parks and along backpacking and hiking routes.  They are found in many parts of the world, such as Finland, Sweden, Norway, northern Russia, the Alps, the Pyrenees, Scotland, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and the United States. Huts are basic and often unmanned, some without running water.
Immediate Geographic Region of Salinas
The Immediate Geographic Region of Salinas is one of the 7 immediate geographic regions in the Intermediate Geographic Region of Montes Claros, one of the 70 immediate geographic regions in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais and one of the 509 of Brazil, created by the National Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) in 2017.

Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics
The Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (Portuguese: Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística; IBGE) is the agency responsible for official collection of statistical, geographic, cartographic, geodetic and environmental information in Brazil. The IBGE performs a decennial national census; questionnaires account for information such as age, household income, literacy, education, occupation and hygiene levels.

The IBGE is a public institute created in 1936 under the name National Institute of Statistics. Its founder and chief proponent was statistician Mário Augusto Teixeira de Freitas. The current name dates from 1938. Its headquarters are located in Rio de Janeiro, and its current president is Marcio Pochmann, replacing Eduardo Rios Neto. It was made a federal agency by the Federal Decree-Law No. 161 of February 13, 1967, and is linked to the Ministry of the Economy, inside the Secretariat of Planning, Budget and Management.
The Crane Is My Neighbour
"The Crane is My Neighbour" (1938) is a poem by Australian poet John Shaw Neilson.

The poem was originally published in the author's poetry collection Beauty Imposes : Some Recent Verse by Angus and Robertson and subsequently reprinted in the author's major collection of poetry (Collected Verse of John Shaw Neilson edited by Margaret Roberts, UWA Publishing, 2012) as well as other poetry anthologies.

Shaw Neilson
John Shaw Neilson (22 February 1872 – 12 May 1942) was an Australian poet.

For most of his life, Neilson was a labourer, fruit-picking, clearing scrub, navvying and working in quarries, and after 1928, working as a messenger with the Country Roads Board in Melbourne. Largely untrained and only basically educated, Neilson became known as one of Australia's finest lyric poets, who wrote a great deal about the natural world and its beauty.
West Falls, New York
West Falls is a hamlet in the town of Aurora in Erie County, New York, United States. It is part of the Buffalo-Niagara Falls metropolitan area.

New York State Route 240 passes through the hamlet.

The hamlet is covered by the East Aurora Union Free School District. The former West Falls Elementary School closed in 1983.

The hamlet is home to the West Falls - Colden Community Library.

Buffalo–Niagara Falls metropolitan area
The Buffalo–Niagara Falls metropolitan statistical area is a metropolitan area, designated by the United States Census Bureau, encompassing two counties - Erie and Niagara - in the state of New York. It is the second-largest metropolitan area in the state. As of the 2020 U.S. census, the metropolitan statistical area (MSA) had a population of 1,166,902. The larger Buffalo Niagara Region is an economic zone consisting of eight counties in Western New York.
Energy in Portugal
Energy in Portugal describes energy and electricity production, consumption and import in Portugal. Energy policy of Portugal will describe the politics of Portugal related to energy more in detail. Electricity sector in Portugal is the main article of electricity in Portugal.

In 2000, 85% of energy was imported, while in 2021 the last coal-fired power station closed and renewable energy was expanded to fill the gap. In 2023 Portugal was responsible for around 1% of the total global greenhouse gas emissions. Portugal's aim by 2030 is to cover 80% of its electricity consumption with renewable sources. Portugal has committed to carbon neutrality and net zero by 2050.

Electricity sector in Portugal
In 2008, Net electricity use  in Portugal  (gross production + imports – exports – losses) was 51.2 TWh. Portugal imported 9 TWh electricity in 2008. Population was 10.6 million.

In 2018 electricity was generated by 23% hydroelectricity, 26% natural gas, 22% wind, 20% coal, 5% biomass, 2% solar and 2% oil. In 2019 electricity was generated by 19% hydroelectricity, 32% natural gas, 26% wind, 10% coal, 6% biomass, 2% solar, 2% oil and 1% other combustibles.

By 2023, the share of renewable power sources of Portugal's electricity rose to 61% (from 49% in 2022). Grid operator REN attributes the record percentage to favorable weather conditions.

Portugal aims to generate 85% of its electricity from renewables by 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2045, five years ahead of its initial target.
Alien Abduction: Answers
Alien Abduction: Answers is a 2022 American documentary film written and directed by John Yost that explores the phenomenon of alien abduction. Whitley Strieber, famous author of the New York Times bestselling true story Communion, appears in the documentary. The film had its world premiere at the 2022 Midwest Weirdest film festival, where it won Best Documentary.

Communion (book)
Communion: A True Story is a book by American ufologist and horror author Whitley Strieber that was first published in February 1987. The book is based on the supposed experiences of Whitley Strieber, who experiences "lost time" and terrifying flashbacks, which hypnosis undertaken by Budd Hopkins later links to an alleged encounter with aliens. Communion was a nonfiction best seller for six months in 1987.

The book was later made into a film directed by Philippe Mora and starring Christopher Walken as Strieber and Lindsay Crouse as his wife, Anne.  A 2008 trade paperback edition presents a new preface by the author.

Strieber compares the "familiar" being he sees, whom he describes as female, to the Sumerian goddess Ishtar.
Marc Harshman
Marc Harshman (born October 1, 1950) is a Poet Laureate for the state of West Virginia. He was appointed as West Virginia's Poet Laureate on May 18, 2012 by former governor Earl Ray Tomblin. Harshman is well-known for his numerous children's books and works in public poetry.

Earl Ray Tomblin
Earl Ray Tomblin (born March 15, 1952) is an American politician who served as the 35th governor of West Virginia from 2011 to 2017. A member of the Democratic Party, he previously served in the West Virginia Senate from 1980 to 2011 and as president of the West Virginia Senate from 1995 to 2011. Tomblin became acting governor in November 2010 following Joe Manchin's election to the U.S. Senate. He won a special election in October 2011 to fill the unexpired term ending on January 14, 2013, and was elected to a full term as governor in November 2012.
Fargo–Moorhead Jets
The Fargo–Moorhead Jets were a Junior A ice hockey team in the North American Hockey League's central division, and played out of John E. Carlson Coliseum in Fargo, North Dakota. Their inaugural NAHL season was the 2003–2004 season. The team won regular-season division titles in the 2004-2005 and 2006-2007 seasons. On May 19, 2008, the league announced that the team would cease operations after relocation attempts were unsuccessful. The Jets folded ahead of the inaugural season for the Fargo Force of the USHL.

United States Hockey League
The United States Hockey League (USHL) is the top junior ice hockey league sanctioned by USA Hockey. The league consists of 16 active teams located in the Midwestern United States and Great Plains, for players between the ages of 16 and 21. The USHL is strictly amateur, allowing former players to compete in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) college hockey.

The Lincoln Stars won the Anderson Cup as the 2024–25 regular season champions. The Muskegon Lumberjacks won the 2025 Clark Cup playoff championship, their first in franchise history.