hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Augsburg-Oberhausen
48°23′31″N 10°52′41″E﻿ / ﻿48.392°N 10.878°E﻿ / 48.392; 10.878

Oberhausen (German pronunciation: [ˈoːbɐhaʊzn̩] ⓘ; Swabian: Oberhause) is one of the seventeen Planungsräume (English: Planning district, singular Planungsraum) of the city of Augsburg, Bavaria, Germany. Located in the northern portion of the city, it is home to 29,044 residents as of December 31, 2022, making it one of the larger planning districts in terms of population. Contained within Oberhausen are five Stadtbezirke (English: ward, singular Stadtbezirk.) The second largest river in Augsburg, the Wertach, flows through Oberhausen.

Wertach (river)
The Wertach (German pronunciation: [ˈveːɐ̯tax]) is a river in Bavaria, southern Germany. This 141 km (88 mi) long river is a left tributary of the Lech. The Wertach originates in the Northern Limestone Alps in Bad Hindelang, east of Sonthofen (district Oberallgäu). It flows north along the towns Wertach, Nesselwang, Marktoberdorf, Kaufbeuren, Schwabmünchen and Bobingen. The Wertach flows into the Lech (itself a tributary of the Danube) in Augsburg, and has a deep reservoir with a hydroelectric power plant.
Endsleigh Cottage
Endsleigh Cottage (now "Endsleigh House") is a country house near Milton Abbot, about 6 miles NW of Tavistock, Devon in England. It is a Grade I listed building. The gardens are Grade I listed in the National Register of Historic Parks and Gardens. The house was built in the early 19th century for the Duke of Bedford. Today, it is a hotel.

Tavistock
Tavistock (/ˈtævɪstɒk/ TAV-iss-tok) is an ancient stannary and market town and civil parish in the West Devon district, in the county of Devon, England. It is situated on the River Tavy, from which its name derives. At the 2011 census, the three electoral wards (North, South and South West) had a population of 13,028. The town traces its recorded history back to at least 961 when Tavistock Abbey, whose ruins lie in the centre of the town, was founded. Its most famous son is Sir Francis Drake.
Ablekuma West
Ablekuma West is one of the 276 constituencies represented in the Parliament of Ghana. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election. Ablekuma West is located in the Accra Metropolis in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. The member elected at the 2012 general election is Ebenezer Kwaku Addo of the New Patriotic Party (NPP).

Ebenezer Kwaku Addo
Ebenezer Kwaku Addo (born 13 May 1987) is a Ghanaian politician who is a member of the ninth parliament of the fourth republic of Ghana representing Asutifi North (Ghana parliament constituency) in the Ahafo Region. He is a member of National Democratic Congress.
We Do for Córdoba
We Do for Córdoba (Spanish: Hacemos por Córdoba; HPC) is a provincial political coalition in Córdoba Province, Argentina. It was formed in 2019 to support the gubernatorial candidacy of Juan Schiaretti by the Union for Córdoba – another political coalition consisting of, chiefly, the Justicialist Party – as well as the Socialist Party, the Intransigent Party and the GEN Party.

The coalition won the 2019 provincial elections with ease; Schiaretti received 57.38% of the vote and the coalition now holds a qualified majority in the Legislature of Córdoba. Additionally, the coalition has representation in the National Congress, with one senator (Carlos Caserio) and four deputies (Cassinerio, Márquez, Vigo and Gutiérrez).

Carlos Alberto Caserio
Carlos Alberto Caserio (born 25 May 1950) is an Argentine politician, who was a National Senator for Córdoba Province from 2015 to 2021 and a National Deputy from 2013 to 2015. A member of the Justicialist Party, Caserio formed part of the Union for Córdoba regional alliance from 1998 to 2019. In the Senate, he sat with the Frente de Todos parliamentary bloc from 2019 to 2021.

Caserio served in a number of posts in the Córdoba provincial government under José Manuel de la Sota and Juan Schiaretti.
Bama Town, Guangxi
Bama (simplified Chinese: 巴马镇; traditional Chinese: 巴馬鎮; pinyin: Bāmǎ Zhèn) is a town in Bama Yao Autonomous County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. As of the 2018 census it had a population of 87,000 and an area of 247 square kilometres (95 sq mi). There are Zhuang, Han, Yao, Mulao and Maonan nationalities living here.

Mulao people
The Mulao people (Chinese: 仫佬族; pinyin: Mùlǎo zú; own name: Mulam) are an ethnic group. They form one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China. In their name, Mulam, mu6 is a classifier for human beings and lam1 (in some dialects it is kyam1) is another form of the name used by the Dong (Kam), to whom the Mulao people are ethnically related. A large portion of the Mulao in Guangxi live in Luocheng Mulao Autonomous County of Hechi, Guangxi, China. As of the 2020 Chinese Census, there are 277,233 Mulao people in China, comprising about 0.019% of China's total population.
Semantha Fairbanks
Semantha Fairbanks (June 16, 1804 – March 20, 1852) was a Shaker eldress and artist.

Semantha Fairbanks was born on June 16, 1804.  She, along with her widowed mother and five siblings, joined the Mount Lebanon Shaker community in 1813.  She became a deaconess in 1840 and was later appointed Second Eldress of the Central Ministry.

During the Era of Manifestations, Fairbanks participated in a number of activities that were thought to manifestations of the spirit world.   In 1843, she and Mary Wicks created a series of "sacred sheets", Shaker gift drawings made in pen and ink.  Some of those drawings were covered in a kind of sacred writing that has been described as "visual glossolalia."  She received spirit visions, including some from identifiable deceased people such as Mother Ann Lee.  One of these visions resulted in the expulsion of another Shaker, Olive Gates.

Semantha Fairbanks died on 20 March 1852.

Speaking in tongues
Speaking in tongues, also known as glossolalia, is a phenomenon or practice in which people utter words or speech-like sounds, often thought by believers to be languages unknown to the speaker. One definition used by linguists is the fluid vocalizing of speech-like syllables that lack any readily comprehensible meaning. In some cases, as part of religious practice, some believe it to be a divine language unknown to the speaker. Glossolalia is practiced in Pentecostal and charismatic Christianity, as well as in other religions.

Sometimes a distinction is made between "glossolalia" and "xenolalia", or "xenoglossy", which specifically relates to the belief that the language being spoken is a natural language previously unknown to the speaker.
Putok
Putok or star bread is a dense bread roll from the Philippines made with all-purpose flour, milk, and salt. It is typically dusted with coarse white sugar. It is a variant of pan de monja (monáy) distinguished primarily by the crown or star-shaped top of the bread resulting from a cross-shaped cut on the dough prior to baking. The name literally means "explosion" or "fissure" in Tagalog.

Bread roll
A bread roll is a small, oblong (or round, triangular or rhomboid) individual loaf of bread served as a meal accompaniment (eaten plain or with butter). Rolls can be served and eaten whole or are also commonly cut and filled – the result of doing so is considered a sandwich in English.
Ryson ST-100 Cloudster
The Ryson ST-100 Cloudster is a tandem two-seat, low-wing, conventional landing gear motor glider that was designed by T. Claude Ryan first flown in 1976 and certified in 1983. The aircraft was intended to be used as both a motor glider and a light aircraft and was type certified in both categories.

Type certificate
A type certificate signifies the airworthiness of a particular category of aircraft, according to its manufacturing design (type design). Certification confirms that the aircraft of a new type intended for serial production is in compliance with applicable airworthiness requirements established by the national air law.

For up to three seats, primary category aircraft certification costs around US$1 million, US$25 million for a general aviation aircraft and hundreds of millions of dollars for a commercial aircraft; certification delays can cost millions of dollars and can decide a program's profitability.
2008 Illinois's 14th congressional district special election
After the resignation of Republican Party United States Congressman Dennis Hastert from his Illinois's 14th congressional district seat in the United States House of Representatives on November 26, 2007, a special election was held to fill the vacancy for the remainder of the 110th United States Congress.

Illinois Governor Rod Blagojevich set the special election date for March 8, 2008. The Democratic and Republican parties held special primary elections on February 5, 2008.  Democrat Bill Foster won the election on March 8, 2008.

Chris Lauzen
Christopher John Lauzen is an American politician, businessman, and Certified Public Accountant who served as the chairman of the Kane County Board in Illinois from 2012 to 2020. Lauzen was first elected in 2012. He previously served as a Republican member of the Illinois State Senate, serving from 1993 to 2013. He ran unsuccessfully for Illinois Comptroller in 1998 and for United States Congress in 2008.
Arrondissement of Redon
The arrondissement of Redon is an arrondissement of France in the Ille-et-Vilaine department in the Brittany region. It has 50 communes. Its population is 104,882 (2021), and its area is 1,302.6 km2 (502.9 sq mi).

Arrondissements of France
An arrondissement (English: /əˈrɒndɪsmənt/, French: [aʁɔ̃dismɑ̃] ⓘ) is the third level of administrative division in France generally corresponding to the territory overseen by a subprefect. As of 2023, the 101 French departments are divided into 333 arrondissements (including 13 overseas).

The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture. When an arrondissement contains the prefecture (capital) of the department, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture. Arrondissements are further divided into communes.

The term arrondissement can be roughly translated into English as district.

Some municipalities in Quebec are divided into arrondissements, reflecting the province’s historical link to New France.
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Television
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Television, formerly known as MGM/UA Television, is the television studio arm of the American film studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, specializing in broadcast syndication and the production and distribution of television shows and miniseries. It was founded on June 30, 1956.

Television programs were distributed by Sony Pictures Television through the Sony Pictures-led consortium acquisition of MGM from February 11, 2005, until May 31, 2006. Since then, MGM has assumed total control over its television output and rejoined the local first-run syndication market for the first time in many years with Paternity Court.

Film studio
A film studio (also known as movie studio or simply studio) is a major entertainment company that makes films. Today, studios are mostly financing and distribution entities. In addition, they may have their own studio facility or facilities; however, most firms in the entertainment industry have never had their own studios, but have rented space from other companies instead. Day-to-day filming operations are generally handled by a production company subsidiary.

Another type of company is an independently owned studio facility, which does not produce motion pictures by itself; such facilities only sell studio space.
Kama culture
The Kama culture (also known as Volga-Kama or Khutorskoye from finds near the Khutorskoye settlement) is an Eastern European Subneolithic archaeological culture from the 6th-4th millennium BC. The area covers the Kama, Vyatka and the Ik-Belaya watershed (Perm and Kirov regions, Udmurtia, Tatarstan and Bashkortostan).

Belaya (Kama)
The Belaya (/ˈbɛlaɪə/ BEL-y-ə) is a river in Bashkortostan, Russia. Its source lies in the south-western Ural Mountains.

It is 1,430 kilometres (890 mi) long, and its drainage basin covers 142,000 square kilometres (55,000 sq mi).

Settlements along the Belaya include Beloretsk, Sterlitamak, Ufa (at the confluence with the river Ufa), and Birsk. The Belaya flows into the Kama near Neftekamsk.
Dominions 3: The Awakening
Dominions 3: The Awakening is a fantasy turn-based strategy game created by Illwinter and published in 2006 by Shrapnel Games. It is the third game in the Dominions series, preceded by Dominions: Priests, Prophets and Pretenders and Dominions II: The Ascension Wars. Illwinter's publishing contract with Shrapnel Games expired in November 2012 and Dominions 3 was republished on Desura in late December and soon after on GamersGate. Dominions 3 went through the Greenlight process and was released on Steam in September 2013.

The game combines a simple presentation with an extremely wide array of strategic options, including over 1500 units, 600 spells and 300 magic items. Turns are resolved simultaneously, with players planning battles rather than directly controlling them.

The game includes scenarios and randomized play, but does not include a campaign. Dominions 3 is mainly designed for multiplayer, including PBEM, hotseat and TCP/IP. AI opponents are available for single-player.

GamersGate
GamersGate AB (formerly Gamer's Gate) is a Sweden-based online video game store offering electronic strategy guides and games for Windows, macOS, and Linux via direct download. It is a competitor to online video game services such as Steam, GOG.com, and Direct2Drive.

GamersGate sells games for over 250 publishers and developers, including Electronic Arts, Atari, Bethesda Softworks, 2K Games, Ubisoft, SEGA, Capcom, Paradox Interactive and Epic Games as well as smaller independent developers such as 2D Boy, Jonathan Blow and Amanita Design. As of September 2014, there are over 6000 games available through GamersGate.
Ringo Bunoan
Ringo S. Bunoan is a Filipino artist, curator, research and writer based in Manila, Philippines. She is known for her conceptual approach, working across media in installation, sound, video, bookworks and writing. She earned her bachelor's degree in Art History from the University of the Philippines, Dillman. Her works have been shown in galleries, museums and alternative art spaces in Manila, across Asia and the Pacific and USA, including Center for Contemporary Photography, Melbourne, 4th Gwangju Biennale, Singapore Art Museum, Busan Biennale Sea Art Festival, Asian Art Museum, Walter McBean Galleries in San Francisco and REDCAT Gallery in Los Angeles, and Campbelltown Arts Centre, Sydney.

Gwangju Biennale
The Gwangju Biennale is a contemporary art biennale founded in September 1995 in Gwangju, South Jeolla province, South Korea. The Biennale is curated by both Korean and International curators and art critics and is hosted by the Gwangju Biennale Foundation and the city of Gwangju. The Gwangju Biennale Foundation also hosts the Gwangju Design Biennale, founded in 2004.
Zytek ZRS03 engine
The Zytek ZRS03 engine is a 3.4-litre normally-aspirated V8 racing engine, developed and produced by Zytek for Formula V8 3.5, a 1st-tier division series for World Series by Renault. The ZRS03's rev-limit is 9,500 rpm and produces about 530 hp (395 kW) and about 447 N⋅m (330 lb⋅ft) of torque. The ZRS03 was introduced on 24 August 2011. The ZRS03 engine runs on Elf LMS 102 RON fuel.

Naturally aspirated engine
A naturally aspirated engine, also known as a normally aspirated engine, and abbreviated to N/A or NA, is an internal combustion engine in which air intake depends solely on atmospheric pressure and does not have forced induction through a turbocharger or a supercharger.
Amsler
Amsler is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Guy Amsler (1895–1986), associate justice of the Arkansas Supreme Court

Marc Amsler (1891–1968), Swiss ophthalmologist
Amsler grid
Amsler sign, a medical sign

Margaret Harris Amsler (1908–2002), American lawyer and academic

Marty Amsler (1942–2024), American football player

Samuel Amsler (1791–1849), Swiss engraver

Marty Amsler
Charles Martin Amsler (October 26, 1942 – January 4, 2024) was an American professional football player who was a defensive end in the National Football League (NFL) for the Chicago Bears, Cincinnati Bengals, and Green Bay Packers. He played college football for the Evansville Purple Aces.
Roth–Theodorovic pistol
Roth–Theodorovic pistols were a series of prototypes sometimes identified with model years including 1895, 1897 and 1898. These long-recoil, locked-breech, single or double-action semi-automatic pistols were designed by Austrian inventor Wasa Theodorovic with the financial support of George Roth. Early versions were unusually large with an oversize trigger guard and an elongated grip. The internal magazine was top loaded from a stripper clip. A group of 25 pistols submitted for Austrian military trials brought no orders. The design saw numerous modifications including a shorter grip, a decocker, a Tambour grip safety, and a rotating and swiveling ring for attaching a lanyard. Later modifications were made by inventor Karel Krnka. Although these prototypes never entered mass production, some of their features were later incorporated into such successful models as the Frommer Stop and the Roth–Steyr M1907.

Trigger guard
A trigger guard is a protective loop surrounding the trigger of a firearm designed to prevent unwanted contact with the trigger, which may cause an accidental discharge. Other devices that use a trigger-like actuator mechanism, such as inhalers, crossbows and power tools, may also have trigger guards.

On rifles with a bottom metal, the trigger guard is often incorporated as part of the bottom metal.
Army 2020 Refine
Army 2020 Refine was the name given to the restructuring of the British Army in the mid-to-late 2010s, in light of the Strategic Defence and Security Review 2015. As its name suggests, it was a "refinement" of Army 2020, an early 2010s reorganisation of the Army to be completed by 2020, originally conducted in light of the Strategic Defence and Security Review 2010. It was succeeded by Future Soldier.

102 Operational Sustainment Brigade
102 Operational Sustainment Brigade is a logistic brigade of the British Army. The brigade is a light, agile force that moves troops and equipment to the battle area and logistically sustains fighting formations.
Advent International
Advent International Corporation is an American global private equity firm. It is focused on buyouts of companies in Western and Central Europe, North America, Latin America and Asia. The firm focuses on international buyouts, growth and strategic restructuring in five core sectors.

Since its inception in 1984, Advent has invested $56 billion in private equity capital. Through its buyout programs, it has completed more than 375 transactions in 42 countries.

Advent operates from 14 offices in 11 countries, with affiliates in additional countries, employs over 240 investment professionals, and has $100 billion in assets under management as of November 2025.

In June 2024, Advent ranked 8th among the world's largest private equity firms, with approximately $53 billion in Private Equity International's PEI 300 rankings.

Assets under management
In finance, assets under management (AUM), sometimes called fund under management, refers to the total market value of all financial assets that a financial institution—such as a mutual fund, venture capital firm, or depository institution—or a decentralized network protocol manages and invests, typically on behalf of its clients. Funds may be managed for clients, platform users, or solely for themselves, such as in the case of a financial institution which has mutual funds or holds its own venture capital. The definition and formula for calculating AUM may differ from one entity to another.
Union Hill, North Carolina
Union Hill is an unincorporated community located in the Bryan Township of western Surry County, North Carolina, United States. It is located between Little Mountain and the south fork of the Mitchell River (Powell 1968, p. 507).

Mitchell River (North Carolina)
The Mitchell River is a tributary of the Yadkin River in northwestern North Carolina in the United States. Via the Yadkin it is part of the watershed of the Pee Dee River, which flows to the Atlantic Ocean. According to the Geographic Names Information System, it has also been known historically as "Mitchells River," "Mitchels River," and "Mountain Creek."

The Mitchell rises in eastern Alleghany County in the Blue Ridge Mountains, and flows generally southeastwardly through Surry County, where it joins the Yadkin River about 5 mi (8 km) northeast of Elkin at the community of Burch.

In Surry County, it collects the short South Fork Mitchell River, which has also been known historically as "Mill Creek," "South Fork Creek," and "South Fork Mitchells River." The river is a popular destination for anglers who catch Brown, Brook, and Rainbow trout.
Oxytocin receptor agonist
An oxytocin receptor agonist is a compound that acts as an agonist of the oxytocin receptor. They include peptides like oxytocin and carbetocin and small-molecules like LIT-001. Peptide oxytocin receptor agonists are used medically to induce labor, promote lactation, and for certain other uses.

Oxytocin receptor agonists are of theoretical interest for the potential treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders with social symptoms, such as autism, social anxiety, and psychopathy. Small-molecule oxytocin receptor agonists are considered to be more promising for such uses due to better potential pharmacokinetic profiles, such as blood–brain barrier permeability, elimination half-lives, and oral bioavailability.

Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetics (from Ancient Greek pharmakon 'drug' and kinetikos 'moving, putting in motion'; see chemical kinetics), sometimes abbreviated as PK, is a branch of pharmacology dedicated to describing how the body affects a specific substance after administration. The substances of interest include any chemical xenobiotics such as pharmaceutical drugs, pesticides, food additives, cosmetics, etc. PK attempts to analyze chemical metabolism and discover the fate of a chemical from the moment that it is administered up to the point at which it is completely eliminated from the body. PK is based on mathematical modeling that places great emphasis on the relationship between drug plasma concentration and the time elapsed since the drug's administration. Pharmacokinetics is the study of how an organism affects the drug, whereas pharmacodynamics (PD) is the study of how the drug affects the organism. Both together influence dosing, benefit, and adverse effects, as seen in PK/PD models.
United Workers-Farmers Organization
United Workers-Farmers Organization is a Vietnamese labor union unrecognized by the nation's communist government. It came to international attention in 2006 when authorities arrested its members in advance of an Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation summit. Several of these members, including Doan Van Dien, his son Doan Huy Chuong, and the group's legal counsel Tran Quoc Hien, received sentences of four to five years' imprisonment for their activism on charges of "abusing democratic freedoms to infringe upon the interests of the state". Groups such as Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International have protested the sentences, the latter naming the imprisoned union members to be prisoners of conscience.

Prisoner of conscience
A prisoner of conscience (POC) is anyone imprisoned because of their race, sexual orientation, religion, or political views. The term also refers to those who have been imprisoned or persecuted for the nonviolent expression of their conscientiously held beliefs.

Most often associated with the human rights organisation Amnesty International, the term was coined by that organisation's founder Peter Benenson in a 28 May 1961 article ("The Forgotten Prisoners") for London newspaper The Observer.