hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ted Noffs
Theodore Delwin "Ted" Noffs (14 August 1926 – 6 April 1995) was an Australian Methodist (later Uniting Church) minister, theologian, and social reformer. He is best known as the founder of the Wayside Chapel in Kings Cross, Sydney, and the Ted Noffs Foundation, a non-profit organisation providing services for socially disadvantaged youth. Noffs was a central figure in the development of Australian harm minimisation strategies regarding drug use and played a critical logistical role in the 1965 Freedom Ride.

Noffs' theological approach was characterised by a rejection of traditional "crusade" evangelism in favour of social activism and humanism, a stance that led to formal heresy charges against him in 1975, of which he was acquitted. His work established early models for non-medical drug referral centres in Australia, emphasising social reintegration over purely medical detoxification.

Civil religion
Civil religion, also referred to as a civic religion, is the implicit religious values of a nation, as expressed through public rituals, symbols (such as the national flag), and ceremonies on sacred days and at sacred places (such as monuments, battlefields, or national cemeteries). It is distinct from churches, although church officials and ceremonies are sometimes incorporated into the practice of civil religion. Countries described as having a civil religion include France and the United States. As a concept, it originated in French political thought and became a major topic for U.S. sociologists since its use by Robert Bellah in 1960.
Arne Blach
Arne Mollerup Blach (8 July 1900 – 11 July 1977) was a Danish field hockey player who competed in the 1928 Summer Olympics and in the 1936 Summer Olympics.

He was born in Copenhagen and died in Helsingør. He was the younger brother of Niels Blach and Ejvind Blach and the father of Preben Mollerup Blach and Flemming Mollerup Blach.

In 1928 he was a member of the Danish team which was eliminated in the first round of the Olympic tournament after two wins and two losses. He played all four matches as forward.

Eight years later he was eliminated with the Danish team in the first round of the 1936 Olympic tournament. He played one match.

Field hockey at the 1928 Summer Olympics
The 1928 Summer Olympics saw the third field hockey tournament at Olympics. All games took place either in the new Olympisch Stadion or in the nearby Old Stadion. The field hockey tournament was held (together with football) in the first part of this Olympic games. All matches were played between Thursday, May 17 and Saturday, May 26, 1928.

The entry rules allowed one team from each country, with 22 players per team. The "Fédération Internationale de Hockey" defined the amateur status as follows: An amateur is one who has never obtained any profit by practicing the sport, neither directly or indirectly. If a player or an official accepts from club, association, or federation an amount exceeding what is strictly necessary for traveling and hotel expenses, such an amount will be regarded as profit.

Only a men's competition occurred that year, and nine nations competed:  Czechoslovakia withdrew before the draw.
Berriew
Berriew (Welsh: Aberriw) is a village and community in Montgomeryshire, Powys, Wales. It is on the Montgomeryshire Canal and the Afon Rhiw, near the confluence (Welsh: aber) with the River Severn (Welsh: Afon Hafren)
at grid reference SJ185005, 79 miles (128 km) from Cardiff and 151 miles (243 km) from London. The village itself has a population of 283 and the community also includes Garthmyl Hall and Refail.

Montgomeryshire
Montgomeryshire (Welsh: Sir Drefaldwyn 'the shire of Baldwin's town', or simply Maldwyn) was one of the thirteen counties of Wales that existed from 1536 until their abolition in 1974, later becoming a district of Powys from 1974 to 1996. It was named after its county town, Montgomery, which in turn was named after one of William the Conqueror's main counsellors, Roger de Montgomerie, who was the 1st Earl of Shrewsbury.

The area of what was Montgomeryshire, now constitutes the northern part of the county of Powys. The current area was 2,174 square km (839 square miles).

The largest town was Newtown, followed by Welshpool and Llanidloes.
Mugni
The mugni (archlute) is a Persian stringed musical instrument which resembles a tar except that the two globes are connected and not separated like the tar's.

During Ghuri rulers and Khwarizmi (12th – 13th century) music grew. Two notable theorists of this era were Fakhr al-Din al-Razi and Nasir al-Din al-Tusi. Another Persian theorist was Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi who was famous for Pearl of Crown (Durrat al-taj). In the Treasure-House of Gift (Kanz al -Tahaf) an important work in 1350, ud (lute), rubab (lute), mughni (archlute), chang (harp), nuzhe, qanun (psaltery), Ghaychak (spiked viol), pisha (fife) and nay-i siyah (reedpipe) are completely described. In other places, dutar (two strings) and setar (three strings) exquisite of poet Hafez are mentioned.

Archlute
The archlute (Spanish: archilaúd, Italian: arciliuto, German: Erzlaute) is a European plucked string instrument developed around 1600 as a compromise between the very large theorbo, the size and re-entrant tuning of which made for difficulties in the performance of solo music, and the Renaissance tenor lute, which lacked the bass range of the theorbo.  Essentially a tenor lute with the theorbo's neck-extension, the archlute lacks the power in the tenor and the bass that the theorbo's large body and typically greater string length provide.
Edna Buchanan
Edna Buchanan (née Rydzik, born March 16, 1939) is an American journalist and writer who is best known for her crime mystery novels. She won the 1986 Pulitzer Prize for General News Reporting "for her versatile and consistently excellent police beat reporting."

Pulitzer Prize for Breaking News Reporting
The Pulitzer Prize for Breaking News Reporting is a Pulitzer Prize awarded for a distinguished example of breaking news, local reporting on news of the moment. It has been awarded since 1953 under several names:

From 1953 to 1963: Pulitzer Prize for Local Reporting, Edition Time

From 1964 to 1984: Pulitzer Prize for Local General or Spot News Reporting

From 1985 to 1990: Pulitzer Prize for General News Reporting

From 1991 to 1997: Pulitzer Prize for Spot News Reporting

From 1998 to present: Pulitzer Prize for Breaking News Reporting

Prior to 1953, a Pulitzer Prize for Local Reporting combined both breaking and investigative reporting under one category.  The Pulitzer Committee issues an official citation explaining the reasons for the award.

Hitherto confined to local coverage, the Breaking News Reporting category was expanded to encompass state and national reporting in 2017.
Belarusian Arabic alphabet
The Belarusian Arabic alphabet or the Belarusian Arabica was based on the Perso-Arabic script and was developed in the 15th or 16th century. It consisted of 28 graphemes, including several additions to represent Belarusian phonemes not found in the Arabic language.

The Belarusian Arabic alphabet was used by the Lipka Tatars, who had been invited to settle in the eastern territories of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania—a region that now comprises modern-day Belarus. During the 14th–16th centuries they gradually stopped using their own language and started using the Ruthenian language (modern Belarusian and Ukrainian) rendered in the Belarusian Arabic alphabet. Books of that literary tradition are known in Belarusian as Kitab (Belarusian: Кітаб), which is Arabic for 'book' or 'written material'.

Some Polish texts were also written in the Arabic script in the 17th century or later.

Ruthenian language
Ruthenian (see also other names) was a written language used from the 14th to the 18th centuries within the East Slavic-speaking regions of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and later the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Literary Ruthenian is considered to be a historical precursor to the modern Belarusian and Ukrainian languages (occasionally also to Rusyn), although neither standard language directly continues the Ruthenian written tradition.

Several linguistic issues are debated among linguists: various questions related to classification of literary and vernacular varieties of this language; issues related to meanings and proper uses of various endonymic (native) and exonymic (foreign) glottonyms (names of languages and linguistic varieties); questions on its relation to modern East Slavic languages, and its relation to Old East Slavic (the colloquial language used in Kievan Rus' in the 10th through 13th centuries).
1993–94 FIBA European League
The 1993–94 FIBA European League, also shortened to 1993–94 FIBA EuroLeague, was the 37th installment of the European top-tier level professional club competition for basketball clubs (now called EuroLeague). It began on September 9, 1993, and ended on April 21, 1994. The competition's Final Four was held at Tel Aviv. The competition was won by 7up Joventut against . Olympiacos by two points in the final match. It has been the club's only Euroleague (European League) title.

Limoges CSP, the defending champions, were eliminated in the quarterfinals by Panathinaikos.

Federal Republic of Yugoslavia's entrant was unable to participate for the second season in a row due to the UN economic sanctions. After the 1993 dissolution of Czechoslovakia, Czech Republic and Slovakia each had representative clubs in the competition for the first time.

Menora Mivtachim Arena
Yad Eliyahu Arena (Hebrew: היכל יד אליהו), known as the Menora Mivtachim Arena (Hebrew: היכל מנורה מבטחים) and formerly as the Nokia Arena (Hebrew: היכל נוקיה) for commercial reasons, is a large multi-purpose sports indoor arena located in southeastern Tel Aviv, Israel. It is primarily hosts tennis matches, basketball games, and concerts.

It is one of the major sporting facilities in the Greater Tel Aviv area. The arena is owned by the municipality of Tel Aviv, and is managed by Sports Palaces Ltd., a company also fully owned by the municipality (which also manages Bloomfield Stadium and Drive in Arena). On 1 January 2015, the arena changed its name to Menora Mivtachim Arena.
Dana Sprengers
Dana Sprengers (born 28 July 1990) is a Dutch female BMX rider, representing her nation at international competitions. She competed in the time trial event and race event at the 2015 UCI BMX World Championships.

2015 UCI BMX World Championships
The 2015 UCI BMX World Championships were the twentieth edition of the UCI BMX World Championships, which took place in Heusden-Zolder, Belgium, and crowned world champions in the cycling discipline of BMX racing.
Pat Hyland (jockey)
Pat Hyland (born in Victoria) is an Australian retired jockey and horse trainer who is best known for riding What A Nuisance to victory in the 1985 Melbourne Cup. His son, Chris Hyland, is also a successful horse trainer.

Famously, he won racing's Grand Slam – a Melbourne Cup (What A Nuisance), Caulfield Cup (Affinity), Golden Slipper (Vain) and W.S. Cox Plate (Star Affair). He also won the Victoria Derby on Craftsman and Silver Sharpe, rode the champion sprinter Vain throughout his career, and had the rare distinction of having won the VRC Oaks as a jockey and as a trainer, riding Rom's Stiletto in 1982 and preparing Saleous in 1995.

In the 1964 Flemington autumn carnival he won the Newmarket Handicap (Rashlore) on the first day, the Australian Cup (Grand Print) on the Monday, the C.M. Lloyd Stakes (Samson) on the Thursday and the Queen Elizabeth Stakes (Grand Print) on the final day, scooping the four feature races at the meeting.

Victoria Derby
The Victoria Derby, is a Victoria Racing Club Group 1 Thoroughbred horse race for three-year-olds held under Set Weights conditions over a distance of 2,500 metres at Flemington Racecourse, in Melbourne, Australia scheduled annually on the first day of the Melbourne Cup Carnival. Total prize money for the race is A$2,000,000.
Eugen Felix
Eugen Felix (born 27 of April 1836, died 21 of August 1906) was an Austrian painter. He started his studies with Ferdinand Georg Waldmüller and continued in Paris with Léon Cogniet. Felix is particularly well known for his portraits, but he also did historic and mythological scenes.

Ferdinand Georg Waldmüller
Ferdinand Georg Waldmüller (Austrian German: [ˈfɛrdinand ˈɡeːɔrɡ ˈvaldmʏlɐ] ⓘ; 15 January 1793 – 23 August 1865) was an Austrian painter. Waldmüller was one of the most important Austrian painters of the  Biedermeier period.
James Archibald Douglas
Major General James Archibald Douglas CMG CIE, born 21 September 1862 in New Zealand, was an Indian Army Officer who saw active service during World War I in Mesopotamia, Persia and in the Afghan War.

He was educated at Haileybury College, Hertfordshire between 1876 and 1878.

He joined the British Indian Army in 1883 and served for over 40 years, rising through the ranks.
He held various command and staff positions in India, including Inspector-General of the Indian Army (1915) and Quartermaster-General in India (1916).
In 1892, as a Lieutenant in the 2nd Bengal Rifles, he reported on the structure of the Persian Army, giving the British perspective of its strength and weaknesses. 
For his military service, he was made a Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire (CIE) in 1908 and a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) in 1915.

Haileybury and Imperial Service College
Haileybury is a co-educational public school (fee-charging boarding and day school for 11-to-18-year-olds) located in Hertford Heath, Hertfordshire. It is a member of the Rugby Group and enrols pupils at the 11+, 13+ and 16+ stages of education. Over 890 pupils attend Haileybury, of whom more than 550 board. The campus occupies over 500 acres (200 ha) of Hertfordshire countryside, approximately 20 mi (32 km) from London.
USA Tax
The USA Tax Act (H.R. 269), short for "Unlimited Savings Allowance", was a bill in the United States Congress for changing tax laws to replace the federal income taxes with a progressive consumption tax on households and a value-added tax on businesses
. Lawrence Lokken credits Irving Fisher
with the insight that consumption can be taxed by taxing income minus savings. 
See also a later version of Lokken's book.  The first bill (S. 722) was introduced in the United States Senate in April 1995 by senators Sam Nunn (D-Ga.)
and Pete Domenici (R-N.M.).

Bill (law)
A bill is a proposal for a new law, or a proposal to substantially alter an existing law.

A bill does not become law until it has been passed by the legislature and, in most cases, approved by the head of state (sometimes the executive).

Bills are introduced in the legislature and are there discussed, debated on, and voted upon.  Once a bill has been enacted into law by the legislature, it is called an act of the legislature, or a statute.
Pete Wicks
Peter James Wicks (born 1 November 1988) is an English television personality who was a cast member on the ITVBe reality series The Only Way Is Essex. Between September and December 2024, he was a contestant on the twenty-second series of Strictly Come Dancing, partnered with professional dancer Jowita Przystał.

ITVBe
ITVBe was a British free-to-air television channel owned by ITV plc. Launched on 8 October 2014, the channel was positioned as a spin-off of ITV2 targeting a female audience, focusing primarily upon reality and lifestyle programmes.

In April 2025, ITV announced that ITVBe would close and be replaced by ITV Quiz. ITVBe closed on 9 June 2025, and ITV Quiz launched the same day.
Dani Aquino
Daniel "Dani" Aquino Pintos (born 27 July 1990) is a Spanish professional footballer who plays for Segunda Federación club UCAM Murcia. Left-footed, he can play anywhere on the attacking line but usually appears as both a winger or forward.

UCAM Murcia CF
Universidad Católica de Murcia Club de Fútbol, commonly known as UCAM Murcia or simply UCAM, is a Spanish football club based in Murcia. Founded in 1999 it plays in Segunda Federación – Group 4, holding home games at Estadio de La Condomina, with a capacity of 6,500 spectators.
Sociedad Química y Minera
Sociedad Química y Minera de Chile (SQM) is a Chilean  chemical company and a supplier of plant nutrients, iodine, lithium and industrial chemicals. It is the world's biggest lithium producer.

SQM's natural resources and its main production facilities are located in the Atacama Desert in Tarapacá and Antofagasta regions.

In December 2024 the company reported to have 8,344 employees, up from 6,081 on December 2021. About 22% of SQM's employees are women.

Sylvinite
Sylvinite is a sedimentary rock made of a mechanical mixture of the minerals sylvite (KCl, or potassium chloride) and halite (NaCl, or sodium chloride). Sylvinite is the most important source for the production of potash in North America, Russia and the UK. Most Canadian operations mine sylvinite with proportions of approximately 31% KCl and 66% NaCl with the balance being insoluble clays, anhydrite and in some locations carnallite. Other deposits of sylvinite are located in Belarus, Brazil, France, Germany, Kazakhstan, Slovakia and Spain.
2008 Salt Lake County mayoral election
The 2008 Salt Lake County mayoral election was held to elect the Mayor of Salt Lake County, Utah on November 4, 2008, alongside the presidential, House of Representatives and gubernatorial elections. This marked the third election to the office since the post was created in 2000.

Popular incumbent Democrat Peter Corroon was elected in a nearly 2 to 1 landslide against token Republican opposition. In the same election cycle, Salt Lake County narrowly voted for Democrat Barack Obama for president, but also voted for incumbent Republican Governor Jon Huntsman Jr.

Peter Corroon
Peter Maitland Corroon (born July 16, 1964) is an American politician, former Utah Democratic Party chair, and the former mayor of Salt Lake County, Utah. He was the unsuccessful Democratic nominee for governor in the 2010 election. Corroon is a first cousin to Howard Dean, former Vermont governor and former head of the Democratic National Committee.
Romanesca
Romanesca is a melodic-harmonic formula popular from the mid–16th to early–17th centuries that was used as an aria formula for singing poetry and as a subject for instrumental variation. The pattern, which is found in an endless collection of compositions labeled romanesca, perhaps from northern-central Italy, is a descending descant formula within a chordal progression that has a bass which moves by 4ths. The formula was not to be viewed as a fixed tune, but as a framework over which elaborate ornamentation can occur. It was most popular with Italian and Spanish composers of the Renaissance and early Baroque period. It was also used by vihuelistas including Luis de Narváez, Alonso Mudarra, Enríquez de Valderrábano, and Diego Pisador.

Melody
A melody (from Greek  μελῳδία (melōidía) 'singing, chanting'), also tune, voice, or line, is a linear succession of musical tones that the listener perceives as a single entity. In its most literal sense, a melody is a combination of pitch and rhythm, while more figuratively, the term can include other musical elements such as tonal color. It is the foreground to the background accompaniment. A line or part need not be a foreground melody.

Melodies often consist of one or more musical phrases or motifs, and are usually repeated throughout a composition in various forms. Melodies may also be described by their melodic motion or the pitches or the intervals between pitches (predominantly conjunct or disjunct or with further restrictions), pitch range, tension and release, continuity and coherence, cadence, and shape.
Welshpool Seven Stars Halt railway station
Seven Stars Halt railway station was located in the streets of Welshpool on the corner of Union Street. Seven Stars was an unstaffed request halt on the narrow gauge Welshpool and Llanfair Light Railway. It had a single ground level platform on the single track line, a name board, a sign warning passengers not to board until the train had stopped and a lean-to waiting shelter with a fence.

Opened as Welshpool Seven Stars in 6 April 1903 it was named after a pub of that name that had been demolished in 1901 to create space for the railway. Seven Stars was closed to passengers on 9 February 1931 by the Great Western Railway. and the line closed completely on 3 November 1956. The original Welshpool Raven Square was the next station on the line towards Llanfair Caereinion and the line's station at Welshpool was the previous one.

Lean-to
A lean-to is a type of simple structure originally added to an existing building with the rafters "leaning" against another wall. Free-standing structures open on one or more sides, generally used as shelters, are colloquially referred to as lean-tos in spite of being unattached to anything.
Juliusz Osterwa
Juliusz Osterwa, born Julian Andrzej Maluszek (23 June 1885 – 10 May 1947), was a renowned Polish actor, theatre director and art theoretician active in the interwar period. He was the founder of Theatre Reduta, the first experimental stage in Warsaw following Poland's return to independence at the end of World War One. Osterwa began his Warsaw career at the age of 33 by staging the works of Poland's revolutionary dramatists including Juliusz Słowacki, Stanisław Wyspiański, Stefan Żeromski, Jerzy Szaniawski, Kazimierz Przerwa-Tetmajer, and Cyprian Norwid. This team was commonly known as the actor's commune, resembling an ascetic monastery devoted to spiritual practice.

Stefan Żeromski
Stefan Żeromski ( [ˈstɛfan ʐɛˈrɔmski] ⓘ; 14 October 1864 – 20 November 1925) was a Polish novelist and dramatist belonging to the Young Poland movement at the turn of the 20th century. He was called the "conscience of Polish literature".

He also wrote under the pen names Maurycy Zych, Józef Katerla, and Stefan Iksmoreż.

He was nominated four times for the Nobel Prize in Literature.
Kohei Murakoso
Kohei Murakoso (村社 講平, Murakoso Kōhei; August 29, 1905 – July 8, 1998) was a Japanese runner. He competed at the 1936 Olympics in the 5000 metres and 10,000 metres events and finished fourth on both occasions.

Murakoso graduated from the Chuo University and then worked at Kawasaki Heavy Industries. After World War II he demobilized from the Army and worked as an athletics reporter for Mainichi Shimbun. He also helped prepare the national athletics team to the 1952 Olympics. He died of acute respiratory failure, aged 92.

Mainichi Shimbun
The Mainichi Shimbun (毎日新聞, Mainichi Shinbun; Japanese pronunciation: [mai.ɲi.tɕi̥ ɕiꜜm.bɯɴ], lit. 'Daily Newspaper') is one of the major newspapers in Japan, published by The Mainichi Newspapers Co.

In addition to the Mainichi Shimbun, which is printed twice a day in several local editions, Mainichi also operates an English-language news website called The Mainichi (毎日; [mai.ɲi.tɕi], previously Mainichi Daily News, abbreviated MDN), and publishes a bilingual news magazine, Mainichi Weekly. It also publishes paperbacks, books and other magazines, including a weekly news magazine, Sunday Mainichi.

It is one of the four national newspapers in Japan; the other three are The Asahi Shimbun, the Yomiuri Shimbun and the Nihon Keizai Shimbun. The Sankei Shimbun and the Chunichi Shimbun are not currently in the position of a national newspaper despite a large circulation for both.