hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Commercial astronaut
A commercial astronaut is a person who is a crew member of a privately-owned spacecraft.

The FAA launched the commercial astronaut designation in 2004 to promote commercial innovation for spaceflight and was awarding commercial astronaut wings to non-astronaut people that flew into space. The program was ended in 2022 with the rise of commercial space tourism that involved non-crew-controlled space craft that are either ground-controlled or autonomously controlled entirely by on-board computers, with people flying into space as such non-crew members are designated as spaceflight participant instead.

Office of Commercial Space Transportation
The Office of Commercial Space Transportation (generally referred to as FAA/AST or simply AST) is the branch of the United States Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) that approves any commercial rocket launch operations — that is, any launches that are not classified as model, amateur, or "by and for the government" — in the case of a U.S. launch operator and/or a launch from the U.S.
Wyjazd
Wyjazd [ˈvɨjast] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sochaczew, within Sochaczew County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It is approximately 8 km (5 mi) east of Sochaczew and 45 km (28 mi) west of Warsaw.

Sochaczew County
Sochaczew County (Polish: powiat sochaczewski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Masovian Voivodeship, east-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Sochaczew, which lies 52 kilometres (32 mi) west of Warsaw.

The county covers an area of 731.02 square kilometres (282.2 sq mi). As of 2019, the county's total population is 85,024, out of which the population of Sochaczew is 36,327, and the rural population is 48,697.
Eastern Lakes State
Eastern Lakes State was a state in South Sudan that existed between 2 October 2015 and 22 February 2020. It was located in the Bahr el Ghazal region and it bordered Southern Liech to the north, Western States to the west, Amadi to the southwest, Terekeka to the southeast, and Jonglei to the east.

Jonglei State
Jonglei State is a state of South Sudan with Bor as its centre of government  and the biggest city. Jonglei state comprises nine counties: Bor, Akobo, Ayod, Uror, Duk,  Nyirol, Pigi, Twic East, and Fangak. Jonglei State is the largest state by area before reorganisation, with an area of approximately 122,581 km2, as well as the most populous according to the 2008 census conducted in present-day South Sudan's second period of autonomy. The boundaries of the state were again changed as a result of a peace  agreement signed on 22 February 2020.

In the 21st century, Jonglei State has been marred by ethnic clashes, which the UNMISS estimated in May 2012 had affected the lives of over 140,000 people, and which have been  magnified by the broader South Sudanese conflict since December 2013.
Three-man chess
Three-man chess is a chess variant for three players invented by George R. Dekle Sr. in 1984. The game is played on a hexagonal board comprising 96 quadrilateral cells. Each player controls a standard army of chess pieces.

Three-man chess was included in World Game Review No. 10 edited by Michael Keller.

Quadrilateral
In  geometry  a quadrilateral is a four-sided polygon, having four edges (sides) and four corners (vertices). The word is derived from the Latin words quadri, a variant of four, and latus, meaning "side". It is also called a tetragon, derived from Greek "tetra" meaning "four" and "gon" meaning "corner" or "angle", in analogy to other polygons (e.g. pentagon). Since "gon" means "angle", it is analogously called a quadrangle, or 4-angle. A quadrilateral with vertices , ,  and  is sometimes denoted as .

Quadrilaterals are either simple (not self-intersecting), or complex (self-intersecting, or crossed). Simple quadrilaterals are either convex or concave.

The interior angles of a simple (and planar) quadrilateral ABCD add up to 360 degrees, that is

This is a special case of the n-gon interior angle sum formula: S = (n − 2) × 180° (here, n=4).

All non-self-crossing quadrilaterals tile the plane, by repeated rotation around the midpoints of their edges.
Keeping
Keeping is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Charles Keeping (1924–1988), British illustrator, children's book author and lithographer

Damien Keeping (born 1982), Australian rules football coach

Frederick Keeping (1867–1950), British racing cyclist

Jack Keeping (born 1996), English cricketer

Janet Keeping, Canadian professor and politician

Jeff Keeping (born 1982), Canadian Football League defensive tackle

Max Keeping (1942–2015), Canadian television news anchor

Michael Keeping (1902–1984), English footballer and manager (son of Frederick Keeping)

Tom Keeping (1942–2020), Canadian politician

Walter Keeping (1854–1888), British geologist and museum curator

Frederick Keeping
Frederick Keeping (11 August 1867 – 21 February 1950) was a British racing cyclist. He competed at the 1896 Summer Olympics in Athens.

Keeping competed in the 333 metres and 12 hours races.  In the 12 hours race, Keeping was one of only two cyclists to finish, covering 314.664 kilometres. He was only one lap behind the winner, Adolf Schmal, who covered 314.997 kilometres. Keeping tied with two others for fifth place in the 333m, with 27.0 seconds.
9 Cygni
9 Cygni is a binary star system in the northern constellation of Cygnus. 9 Cygni is its Flamsteed designation. The two stars have a combined magnitude of 5.39, so it can be seen with the naked eye under good viewing conditions. Parallax measurements made by Gaia put the star at a distance of around 590 light-years (182 parsecs) away.

The two stars of 9 Cygni are a G-type giant and an A-type star. Both stars are over twice as massive as the Sun. They orbit once every 4.56 years, separated with a semi-major axis of 0.030 arcseconds. However, the eccentricity is high, at 0.82. The primary is a red clump giant, a star on the cool end of the horizontal branch fusing helium in its core.  The secondary star has begun to evolve off the main sequence; it is sometimes classified as a giant star and sometimes as a main-sequence star.

Horizontal branch
The horizontal branch (HB) is a stage of stellar evolution that immediately follows the red-giant branch in stars whose masses are similar to the Sun's. Horizontal-branch stars are powered by helium fusion in the core (via the triple-alpha process) and by hydrogen fusion (via the CNO cycle) in a shell surrounding the core. The onset of core helium fusion at the tip of the red-giant branch causes substantial changes in stellar structure, resulting in an overall reduction in luminosity, some contraction of the stellar envelope, and the surface reaching higher temperatures.
Plastic Surgery (journal)
Plastic Surgery (formerly Canadian Journal of Plastic Surgery) is a peer-reviewed medical journal dealing with plastic surgery. It is the official journal of several national Canadian societies: the Canadian Society of Plastic Surgeons, the Canadian Society for Aesthetic (Cosmetic) Plastic Surgery, the  Groupe pour l'Avancement de la Microchirurgie Canada, and the Canadian Society for Surgery of the Hand (Manus Canada). The journal covers both research and material dealing with continuing medical education and society guidelines. It was published by the Pulsus Group, which was placed on Jeffrey Beall's list of "Potential, possible, or probable" predatory open-access publishers following its sale to OMICS Publishing Group. The journal subsequently switched publishers and is now published by SAGE Publications.

Plastic surgery
Plastic surgery is a surgical specialty involving restoration, reconstruction, or alteration of the human body. It can be divided into two main categories: reconstructive surgery and cosmetic surgery. Reconstructive surgery covers a wide range of specialties, including craniofacial surgery, oral and maxillofacial surgery, hand surgery, microsurgery, and the treatment of burns. This kind of surgery focuses on restoring a body part or improving its function. In contrast, cosmetic (or aesthetic) surgery focuses solely on improving the physical appearance of the body. A comprehensive definition of plastic surgery has never been established, because it has no distinct anatomical object and thus overlaps with practically all other surgical specialties. An essential feature of plastic surgery is that it involves the treatment of conditions that require or may require tissue relocation skills.
Francis Saura
Francis Phillip Saura (born May 2, 1996) is a Filipino volleyball player. He played with NU Bulldogs collegiate men's University team. He is currently playing for the Criss Cross King Crunchers in the Spikers' Turf.

Spikers' Turf
Spikers' Turf is the top-level men's semi-professional volleyball league in the Philippines. The league was established in 2015 by Sports Vision Management Group, Inc., the same organization behind the women's Shakey's V-League and later the Premier Volleyball League.

The first running of Spikers' Turf lasted from 2015 to 2016 before it merged with the PVL in 2017 as its men's division. In 2018, it was spun off and the league was reestablished.

The Cignal Super Spikers were the defending champions, but has since been vacated after the team took a leave of absence in January 2026. With seven titles, Cignal is also the most successful team in the league. The Criss Cross King Crunchers are the only active team to win a championship.
A. Vellaisamy
A. Vellaisamy is an Indian politician and former Member of the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu. He was elected to the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly as an Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam candidate from Athoor constituency in 1977, and 1980 elections.
He has a son Sabrinath Vellaisamy and a daughter Sathiabama Vellaisamy.

Athoor Assembly constituency
Athoor is a legislative assembly in Dindigul district, that includes the city of Athoor. Its State Assembly Constituency number is 129. It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu, in India. Athoor assembly constituency is a part of Dindigul Lok Sabha constituency.
Portage la Prairie station
The Portage la Prairie station is a railway station in Portage la Prairie, Manitoba, Canada, currently served by Via Rail's transcontinental Canadian, and the Winnipeg–Churchill train.

A one-story brick building, the station operates as a flag stop for the Canadian, with 24-hour advance notice recommended, as well as being a regular stop on the Winnipeg-Churchill route.

It was originally served by the Canadian National Railway mainline.

Also designated a national historic site is the Portage la Prairie Canadian Pacific Railway Station that no longer provides passenger services but operates as a museum.

The Canadian
The Canadian (French: Le Canadien) is a transcontinental passenger train operated by Via Rail on its Western Canada service between Union Station in Toronto, Ontario, and Pacific Central Station in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

Canadian Pacific introduced this service on April 24, 1955, serving Montreal, Toronto and Vancouver. In 1978, Via Rail Canada acquired the service, and, on January 15, 1990, designated the Canadian as its sole transcontinental service, between Toronto and Vancouver. The new service replaced the former Super Continental, Canadian National's flagship passenger service, and continues to run primarily over CN tracks.
Taulant Seferi
Taulant Fatmir Seferi (born 15 November 1996) is a professional footballer who plays as a striker for Süper Lig club Bodrum. Born in the Macedonia, he plays for the Albania national team, having previously played for the nation of his birth.

2019 UEFA European Under-21 Championship qualification
The 2019 UEFA European Under-21 Championship qualifying competition was a men's under-21 football competition that determined the 11 teams joining the automatically qualified hosts Italy in the 2019 UEFA European Under-21 Championship final tournament (the other co-hosts San Marino would not qualify automatically).

Apart from Italy, all remaining 54 UEFA member national teams entered the qualifying competition, with Gibraltar and Kosovo making their debuts. Players born on or after 1 January 1996 are eligible to participate.
Maritime hydraulics in antiquity
With the issue of supplying water to a very large population, the Romans developed hydraulic systems for multiple applications: public water supply, power using water mills, hydraulic mining, fish tanks, irrigation, fire fighting, and of course aqueduct (Stein 2004). Scientists such as Ctesibius and Archimedes produced the first inventions involving hydraulic power (Oleson 1984).

Ctesibius
Ctesibius or Ktesibios or Tesibius (Ancient Greek: Κτησίβιος; fl. 285–222 BCE) was an ethnically Greek inventor and mathematician in Alexandria, Ptolemaic Egypt. Very little is known of Ctesibius' life, but his inventions were well known in his lifetime. He was likely the first head of the Museum of Alexandria. He wrote the first treatises on the science of compressed air and its uses in pumps (and even in a kind of cannon). This, in combination with his work On pneumatics on the elasticity of air, earned him the title of "father of pneumatics." None of his written work has survived, including his Memorabilia, a compilation of his research that was cited by Athenaeus. Ctesibius' most commonly known invention today is a pipe organ (hydraulis), a predecessor of the modern church organ.  He was married to a woman named Thais, who is not to be confused with Thaïs, the Greek hetaira who travelled with Alexander the Great on his military campaigns.
Hohenwerfen Castle
Hohenwerfen Castle (German: Festung Hohenwerfen, lit. 'Hohenwerfen Fortress') is a medieval rock castle, situated at an altitude of 623 metres (2,044 ft), on a 155-metre (509 ft) rock pillar overlooking the Austrian market town of Werfen in the Salzach valley, approximately 40 kilometres (25 mi) south of Salzburg. The fortress is surrounded by the Berchtesgaden Alps and the adjacent Tennen Mountains. Hohenwerfen is a "sister" of Hohensalzburg Fortress, both built by the Archbishops of Salzburg in the 11th century.

The castle became known internationally as the main location in the film Where Eagles Dare.

Archdiocese of Salzburg
The Archdiocese of Salzburg (Latin: Archidioecesis Salisburgensis) is a Latin rite archdiocese of the Catholic Church, based in Salzburg, Austria. It serves as the leading diocese of the ecclesiastical province of Salzburg and is one of two Austrian archdioceses, alongside the Archdiocese of Vienna.

During the late medieval and early modern periods, the Archbishops of Salzburg held the title of prince-archbishops within the Holy Roman Empire, governing the Prince-Archbishopric of Salzburg—a distinct polity that lasted until 1803. That year, it was secularized and became the Electorate of Salzburg, ending the archbishops' temporal authority.
Castellazzi
Castellazzi is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Armando Castellazzi (1904–1968), Italian footballer

Luca Castellazzi (born 1975), Italian footballer

Mario Castellazzi (1935–2018), Italian footballer

Paolo Castellazzi (born 1987), Italian footballer

Mario Castellazzi
Mario Castellazzi (9 November 1935 – 1 October 2018) was an Italian professional footballer.

He played for 3 seasons (57 games, 8 goals) in the Serie A for A.S. Roma and Calcio Catania.

He spent most of his career at Spezia, playing 138 matches and scoring 26 goals. After retiring from football, he worked as a television commentator.
Cephalometry
Cephalometry is the study and measurement of the head, usually the human head, especially by medical imaging such as radiography. Craniometry, the measurement of the cranium (skull), is a large subset of cephalometry. Cephalometry also has a history in phrenology, which is the study of personality and character as well as physiognomy, which is the study of facial features. Cephalometry as applied in a comparative anatomy context informs biological anthropology. In clinical contexts such as dentistry and oral and maxillofacial surgery, cephalometric analysis helps in treatment and research; cephalometric landmarks guide surgeons in planning and operating.

Biological anthropology
Biological anthropology, also known as physical anthropology, is a natural science discipline concerned with the biological and behavioral aspects of human beings, their extinct hominin ancestors, and related non-human primates, particularly from an evolutionary perspective. This subfield of anthropology systematically studies human beings from a biological perspective.
First cabinet of Andrej Babiš
The first cabinet of Andrej Babiš was the governing body of the Czech Republic from 13 December 2017 until it was succeeded by the second cabinet of Andrej Babiš on 27 June 2018. Andrej Babiš was designated Prime Minister by President Miloš Zeman on 6 December 2017. The cabinet was appointed on 13 December 2017. It consisted of 14 ministers.

On 16 January 2018 the cabinet failed a confidence vote in the Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic, by 78 to 117.

Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic
The Chamber of Deputies, officially the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic (Czech: Poslanecká sněmovna Parlamentu České republiky, PS PČR), is the lower house of the Parliament of the Czech Republic. The chamber has 200 seats and deputies are elected for four-year terms using the party-list proportional representation system with the Imperiali and Hagenbach-Bischoff quotas. Since 2002, there have been 14 constituencies, matching the Czech regions, with district size varying from 8 to 26 representatives. A Cabinet is answerable to the Chamber of Deputies and the Prime Minister stays in office only as long as they retain the support of a majority of its members. The quorum is set by law to one third (67) of elected deputies. Any changes to the constitutional laws must be approved by at least 60 percent of the Chamber of Deputies. The seat of the Chamber of Deputies is the Thun Palace in Malá Strana, Prague.
Paganini in Venice
Paganini in Venice (German: Paganini in Venedig) is a 1929 German short historical film directed by Frank Clifford and starring Andreas Weißgerber, Hans Hermann Schaufuß, and Ágnes Esterházy. It was made by the newly formed Tobis Film during the switch from silent to sound film.

The film's sets were designed by the art director Erich Czerwonski.

Hans Hermann Schaufuß
Hans Hermann Schaufuß (13 July 1893 – 30 January 1982) was a German actor. He appeared in more than one hundred films from 1922 to 1969. His sons were the actors Hans Joachim Schaufuß and Peter-Timm Schaufuß.
Lens (surname)
Lens is a Dutch patronymic surname. The given name Lens is a now rare short form of Laurens. Notable people with the surname include:

Andries Cornelis Lens (1739–1822), Flemish painter

Anton Lens (1884–1955), Dutch footballer

Bernard Lens I (1630/31–1707), Dutch painter and writer who moved to England

Bernard Lens II (1659–1725), English engraver, mezzotinter, and publisher, son of the above

Bernard Lens III (1682–1740), English portrait miniaturist, son of the above

Dennis Lens (born 1977), Dutch badminton player

Jeremain Lens (born 1987), Dutch-Surinamese footballer

Louis Lens (1924–2001), Flemish rose breeder

Nicholas Lens (born 1957), Belgian composer

Sidney Lens (1912–1986), American labor leader, political activist and writer, born as Sid Okun

Sigi Lens (born 1963), Dutch-Surinamese footballer and sports agent

Andries Cornelis Lens
Andries Cornelis Lens or André Corneille Lens (Antwerp, 31 March 1739 – Brussels, 30 March 1822) was a Flemish painter, illustrator, art theoretician and art educator.  He is known for his history paintings of biblical and mythological subjects and portraits. Wishing to contribute to the revival of painting in Flanders, he took his inspiration from the classical traditions of the 16th century and drew inspiration from Raphael.  He was thus a promoter of Neoclassicism in Flemish art.  He was a teacher and director of the Academy of Fine Arts of Antwerp. Lens was court painter to the governor-general of the Austrian Netherlands and settled in Brussels where he married.  Lens was also a writer and historian who published an illustrated book which discussed the costumes, ornaments and furnishings of the various people in Antiquity and another book setting out his art theories.
Paul Corbould
Paul Corbould (/ˈkɔːrboʊld/) is a British special effects supervisor best known for his work on major blockbuster films such as Children of Men (2006), Captain America: The First Avenger (2011), Thor: The Dark World (2013), and most recently Guardians of the Galaxy (2014). He is a brother of Oscar-winning special effect supervisors Chris Corbould and Neil Corbould.

For his work in Guardians of the Galaxy, he achieved critical success and received his first Best Visual Effects nomination at the 87th Academy Awards which he shared with Stephane Ceretti, Jonathan Fawkner and Nicolas Aithadi. He was nominated at the 68th British Academy Film Awards in same category with Stephane, Jonathan and Nicolas.

Jonathan Fawkner
Jonathan Fawkner (born September 9, 1973) is a British visual effects artist.

He was nominated at the 87th Academy Awards, the 90th Academy Awards, the 94th Academy Awards and the 97th Academy Awards in the Best Visual Effects category for his work on the films Guardians of the Galaxy, Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2, No Time to Die and Wicked Part One.
Avotaynu
Avotaynu: The International Review of Jewish Genealogy was a magazine that focused on Jewish genealogy and family history published by Avotaynu Inc. (New Haven, Connecticut). It was established in 1985. An index to the first 24 volumes is available. The magazine gets its name from the Hebrew word, avotaynu, which literally means "our fathers," but has come to mean "our ancestors."

The Consolidated Jewish Surname Index (CJSI) is Avotaynu's metasearch engine which points to 42 different specialized data banks.

Avotaynu Inc. also published books on the same topic by such authors as Alexander Beider and Warren Blatt.

Metasearch engine
A metasearch engine (or search aggregator) is an online information retrieval tool that uses the data of a  web search engine to produce its own results. Metasearch engines take input from a user and immediately query search engines for results. Sufficient data is gathered, ranked, and presented to the users.

Problems such as spamming reduce the accuracy and precision of results. The process of fusion aims to improve the engineering of a metasearch engine.

Examples of metasearch engines include Skyscanner and Kayak.com, which aggregate search results of online travel agencies and provider websites.  SearXNG is a generic free and open-source search software  which aggregates results from internet search engines and other sources like Wikipedia and is offered for free by more than 70 SearXNG providers.