hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wet Sleddale Horseshoe
The Wet Sleddale Horseshoe is an upland area in the English Lake District, around the Wet Sleddale Reservoir, Cumbria. It is the subject of a chapter of Wainwright's book The Outlying Fells of Lakeland. His walk starts at the reservoir dam and follows a clockwise circuit over Sleddale Pike at 1,659 feet (506 m), Great Saddle Crag at  1,850 feet (560 m) and Ulthwaite Rigg at 1,648 feet (502 m). All three peaks are within the Shap Fells Site of Special Scientific Interest.

Alfred Wainwright
Alfred Wainwright MBE (17 January 1907 – 20 January 1991), who preferred to be known as A. Wainwright or A.W., was a British fellwalker, guidebook author and illustrator. His seven-volume Pictorial Guide to the Lakeland Fells, published between 1955 and 1966 and consisting entirely of reproductions of his manuscript, has become the standard reference work to 214 of the fells of the English Lake District. Among his 40-odd other books is the first guide to the Coast to Coast Walk, a 182-mile (293-kilometre) long-distance footpath devised by Wainwright which remains popular today.
Laufer
Laufer is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alexander Laufer, Israeli writer and management consultant

Amy Laufer, American politician in Virginia

Berthold Laufer (1874–1934), American anthropologist

Carlos Laufer, Brazilian musician and songwriter

Franz-Josef Laufer (born 1952), German footballer

Henry Laufer, American mathematician

Johann Lauffer (1752–1833), Swiss-born Curaçaoan governor and businessman

Peter Laufer, American journalist

Pierre Lauffer (1920–1981), Curaçaoan poet and writer

Stefan Laufer (born 1959), German pharmacist

Tiffany Laufer, American film director

Walter Laufer (1906–1984), American swimmer

Johann Lauffer
Johann Rudolf Lauffer (7 November 1752 – 24 December 1833) was a Swiss soldier, colonial administrator and businessman. He became Director of Curaçao and Dependencies after a military coup d'état on 1 December 1796 and served until 13 January 1803.
PDP-11 architecture
The PDP-11 architecture is a 16-bit CISC instruction set architecture (ISA) developed by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC). It is implemented by central processing units (CPUs) and microprocessors used in PDP-11 minicomputers. It was in wide use during the 1970s, but was eventually overshadowed by the more powerful VAX architecture in the 1980s.

VAX
VAX (an acronym for virtual address extension) is a series of computers featuring a 32-bit instruction set architecture (ISA) and virtual memory that was developed and sold by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) in the late 20th century. The VAX-11/780, introduced October 25, 1977, was the first of a range of popular and influential computers implementing the VAX ISA. The VAX family was a huge success for DEC, with the last members arriving in the early 1990s. The VAX was succeeded by the DEC Alpha, which included several features from VAX machines to make porting from the VAX easier.
Matrix Concepts Holdings
Matrix Concepts Holdings Berhad (Chinese: 金群利集团; MYX: 5236）is a Malaysia-based investment holding company.

Established in 1996, Matrix Group's principal business activities are mainly in property development, construction, education and hospitality such as Clubhouse and Hotel. The group is engaged in the development of residential properties, commercial and industrial properties.

Matrix was developing two township developments, Bandar Sri Sendayan in Seremban, Negeri Sembilan and Bandar Seri Impian in Kluang, Johor. Up to date, the group has completed and sold in excess of 28,000 units of residential and commercial properties with accumulated gross development value (GDV) exceeding RM 7.5 Billion.

Matrix Group was floated in the Bursa Malaysia (Malaysian Stock Exchange) as a Main Board Public Listed Company with their initial public offering (IPO) in May 2013. Matrix Concepts Holdings Berhad is listed on Bursa Malaysia, with Stock code 5236

Hospitality
Hospitality is the relationship of a host towards a guest, wherein the host receives the guest with some amount of goodwill and welcome. This includes the reception and entertainment of guests, visitors, or strangers. Louis, chevalier de Jaucourt describes hospitality in the Encyclopédie as the virtue of a great soul that cares for the whole universe through the ties of humanity. Hospitality is also the way people treat others, for example in the service of welcoming and receiving guests in hotels. Hospitality plays a role in augmenting or decreasing the volume of sales of an organization.

Hospitality ethics is a discipline that studies this usage of hospitality.
Ismail Tara
Ismail Tara (Urdu: اسماعیل تارا; 16 November 1949 – 24 November 2022), born Muhammad Ismail Merchant, was a Pakistani actor and comedian.

Beginning in 1964, he worked in stage plays, television serials and Lollywood films till his death in 2022.

He was best known for his work in Fifty Fifty, which aired on PTV in the 1980s.

He was a five time Nigar Awards winner for the best comedian in Haathi Mere Saathi (1993), Aakhri Mujra (1994), Munda Bigra Jaye (1995), Chief Sahib (1996) and Deewarein (1998).

Lollywood
Lollywood is Pakistan's film industry, which has served as the base for both Urdu- and Punjabi-language film production.

Lahore has been the center of Pakistani cinema since independence in 1947. However, with the Urdu film hub largely shifting to Karachi by 2007, the film industry in Lahore became synonymous with the Pakistani Punjabi film Industry.

According to several media sources, the word "Lollywood" is a portmanteau of "Lahore" and "Hollywood", coined in 1989 by Glamour magazine gossip columnist Saleem Nasir, and is usually used comparatively with respect to other film industries in South Asian cinema.
Thomas Southwell, 2nd Viscount Southwell
Thomas Arthur Southwell, 2nd Viscount Southwell (16 April 1742 – 14 February 1796), styled The Honourable from 1766 until 1780, was an Irish peer and politician.

He was the oldest son of Thomas Southwell, 1st Viscount Southwell and his wife Margaret Hamilton, daughter of Arthur Cecil Hamilton of Castle Hamilton, Killeshandra Co. Cavan. His younger brother was Robert Henry Southwell. Southwell was educated at Trinity College Dublin. In 1780, he succeeded his father as viscount.

In 1767, Southwell entered the Irish House of Commons for County Limerick, the same constituency his father had represented before, and sat for it until the following year.

Irish House of Commons
The Irish House of Commons (Irish: Teach na gComóntach, Teach na dTeachtaí) was the lower house of the Parliament of Ireland that existed from 1297 until the end of 1800. The upper house was the House of Lords. The membership of the House of Commons was directly elected, but on a highly restrictive franchise, similar to the unreformed House of Commons in contemporary Great Britain. Catholics were disqualified from sitting in the Irish parliament from 1691, even though they comprised the vast majority of the Irish population.

The Irish executive, known as the Dublin Castle administration, under the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, was not answerable to the House of Commons but to the British government. However, the Chief Secretary for Ireland was usually a member of the Irish parliament. In the Commons, business was presided over by the Speaker.

From 1 January 1801, it ceased to exist and was succeeded by the House of Commons of the United Kingdom.
George Palmer (Leicestershire cricketer)
George Harry Palmer (24 October 1917 –  11 March 2012) was an English cricketer. Palmer was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Ibstock, Leicestershire.

Palmer made his first-class debut for Leicestershire against Worcestershire in the 1938 County Championship at Park Road, Loughborough. He made four further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Hampshire in the 1939 County Championship. In his five matches, he took 12 wickets at an average of 26.66, with best figures of 3/36. With the bat he scored 31 runs at an average of 6.20, with a high score of 14 not out.

His father John also played first-class cricket.

Ibstock
Ibstock is a former coal mining village and civil parish in North West Leicestershire, England. The population of the civil parish was 5,760 at the 2001 census increasing to  6,201 at the 2011 census and 7,615 at the 2021 census.

The village is on the A447 road between Coalville and Hinckley.

The toponym Ibstock could be a derivative of Ibestoche meaning the farmstead or hamlet of Ibba, which is an Old English personal name also found in other toponyms.
3D printed medication
A 3D printed medication (also called 3D printed medicine, 3D printed pharmaceutical, or 3D printed drug) is a customized medication created using 3D printing techniques, such as 3D printed tablets. It allows for precise control over the composition and dosage of drugs, enabling the production of personalized medicine tailored to an individual's specific needs, such as age, weight, and medical condition. This approach can be used to improve the effectiveness of drug therapies and to reduce side effects.

Side effect
In medicine, a side effect is an unintended effect caused by a medicinal drug or other treatment's capacities or properties, and these effects are often adverse but sometimes beneficial. Herbal and traditional medicines also have side effects.

A drug or procedure usually used for a specific effect may be used specifically because of a beneficial side-effect; this is termed "off-label use" until such use is approved. For instance, X-rays have long been used as an imaging technique; the discovery of their oncolytic capability led to their use in radiotherapy for ablation of malignant tumours.
Otenzepad
Otenzepad is a competitive muscarinic receptor antagonist that is relatively selective at the M2 receptor. It was investigated as a treatment for arrhythmia and bradycardia due to its cardioselectivity but research ceased after stage III clinical trials. The drug was originally developed by the German pharmaceutical company, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma KG.

Competitive inhibition
Competitive inhibition is interruption of a chemical pathway owing to one chemical substance inhibiting the effect of another by competing with it for binding or bonding. Any metabolic or chemical messenger system can potentially be affected by this principle, but several classes of competitive inhibition are especially important in biochemistry and medicine, including the competitive form of enzyme inhibition, the competitive form of receptor antagonism, the competitive form of antimetabolite activity, and the competitive form of poisoning (which can include any of the aforementioned types).
Ira Van Cleave
Ira Harlan "Sphinx" Van Cleave (July 30, 1888 – May 29, 1943) was an American football, basketball, baseball, and track and field coach, athletics administrator, and physical education instructor. He served as the head football coach at Fort Hays Kansas State Normal School—now known as Fort Hays State University—in Hays, Kansas from 1912 to 1914, Whittier College in Whittier, California from 1917 to 1919, and La Verne College—now known as the University of La Verne—in La Verne, California from in 1928 to 1929.

Fort Hays State University
Fort Hays State University (FHSU) is a public university in Hays, Kansas, United States. It is the largest university in western Kansas, and the fourth largest of the six state universities governed by the Kansas Board of Regents, with a total enrollment of approximately 15,100 students.
Babu Meman
Mohammed Ahmed Meman (26 June 1952 – 2 July 2025) was a Zimbabwean cricketer. He played one One Day International for Zimbabwe in the 1987 World Cup.

Meman also represented Shropshire in the Minor Counties Championship from 1977 to 1980, and played one match for Shropshire in the 1978 Gillette Cup, scoring 16 and taking 0/22 from ten overs against Surrey. During those years, he appeared in 32 matches for the county, achieving a century in two of them, making 888 runs and taking 55 wickets. At club level, he played for Pudsey St Lawrence in Yorkshire and Tonge.

Meman died on 2 July 2025, at the age of 73 .

1987 Cricket World Cup
The 1987 Cricket World Cup (officially known as the Reliance Cup 1987 for sponsorship reasons) was the fourth Cricket World Cup. It was held from 8 October to 8 November 1987 in India and Pakistan – the first such tournament to be held outside England. The one-day format was unchanged from the eight-team 1983 event except for a reduction in the number of overs a team played from 60 to 50, the current standard for all ODIs.

The competition was won, for the first time, by Australia who defeated their arch-rivals England by seven runs in the second-most closely fought World Cup final to date in Kolkata's Eden Gardens stadium. The two host nations, India and Pakistan failed to reach the final, after both being eliminated in the semi-finals. The West Indies failed to live up to expectations and did not advance from the group stage.
Ruslan Kostyshyn
Ruslan Volodymyrovych Kostyshyn (Ukrainian: Руслан Володимирович Костишин; born 8 January 1977) is a Ukrainian football coach and former professional footballer who played as a midfielder and current manager of Kolos Kovalivka.

2025–26 Ukrainian Premier League
The 2025–26 Ukrainian Premier League season, referred to as the VBET Ukrainian Premier League for sponsorship reasons, is the 35th top-level football club competition since the fall of the Soviet Union and the 18th since the establishment of the Ukrainian Premier League (UPL).

The season has started on 1 August 2025 and will end on 29 May 2026. The UPL clubs decided not to hold the season opening match Ukrainian Super Cup due to the ongoing Russian military aggression against Ukraine.

Dynamo Kyiv are the defending champions, having won their 17th Premier-Liha title and their 30th overall domestic title in the previous season.
Linda Bell
Linda A. Bell is the Provost and Dean of the Faculty at Barnard College of Columbia University in the City of New York. In addition to serving as Provost of Barnard College, she holds the position of Clair Tow Professor of Economics at the College. She is an empirical economist and scholar of labor markets and public policy. She has dedicated her teaching and research to examining compensation, union concessions, and discrimination, most recently focusing on disparities in gender compensation.

Labour economics
Labour economics is the subfield of economics concerned with the study of labour as an input to economic production. Broadly, it surveys labor markets and the economic decisions of agents participating in such markets. Topics of study include the labour supply of workers and how it is affected by variables such as age, education, gender and childbearing, as well as the labour demand by firms searching for different forms of labour as an input in the production of goods and services. In addition, labour economics studies, amongst others, phenomena such as schooling, human capital, inequality, unemployment, trade unions, discrimination, technological change, and public policies related to labour markets, such as unemployment benefits, pensions and health care.
2011 Tuvalu drought
The 2011 Tuvalu drought was a period of severe drought afflicting Tuvalu, a South Pacific island country of approximately 10,500 people, in the latter half of 2011. A state of emergency was declared on September 28, 2011; with rationing of available fresh-water.
The La Niña event that caused the drought ended in April–May 2012. By August 2012 the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Conditions indicated that the tropical Pacific Ocean was on the brink of an El Niño event.

Nukulaelae
Nukulaelae is an atoll that is part of the nation of Tuvalu, and it has a population of 300 (2017 census). The largest settlement is Pepesala on Fangaua islet with a population of 341 people (2022 Census). It has the form of an oval and consists of at least 15 islets. The inhabited islet is Fangaua, which is 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) long and 50 to 200 metres (160 to 660 ft) wide. The easternmost point of Tuvalu is Niuoko islet. The Nukulaelae Conservation Area covers the eastern end of the lagoon. A baseline survey of marine life in the conservation zone was conducted in 2010.
Extinct Kannada literature
Extinct Kannada literature is a body of literature of the Kannada language dating from the period preceding the first extant work, Kavirajamarga (ca. 850 CE).

Although no works of this period are available now, references to them are found in the Kavirajamarga and a handful of other extant works.  While a few scholars may have expressed reservations regarding the extent of this literature, noted modern scholars such as A.K. Ramanujan, K.A. Nilakanta Sastri, R. S. Mugali, and A. K. Warder, to name a few, have hypothesized that a body of literature must have existed in an earlier period.

K. A. Nilakanta Sastri
Kallidaikurichi Aiyah Nilakanta Sastri (12 August 1892 – 15 June 1975) was an Indian historian who wrote on South Indian history. Many of his books form the standard reference works on the subject. Sastri was acclaimed for his scholarship and mastery of sources and was a recipient of the third highest Indian civilian honour, the Padma Bhushan.
Fatoma
Fatoma is a village and commune in the Cercle of Mopti in the Mopti Region of Mali. The commune contains 24 villages and in 2009 had a population of 24,595. The village of Fatoma lies 10 kilometres north of Sévaré.

Mopti Region
Mopti (Fulfulde: 𞤁𞤭𞥅𞤱𞤢𞤤 𞤃𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤼𞤭𞥅, transliterated Diiwal Moobti) is the fifth administrative region of Mali, covering 79,017 km2.  Its capital is the city of Mopti. During the 2012 Northern Mali conflict, the frontier between Southern Mali which is controlled by the central government and the rebel-held North ran through Mopti Region.
Widawa, Łódź Voivodeship
Widawa [viˈdava] is a village in Łask County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Widawa. It lies approximately 22 km (14 mi) south-west of Łask and 53 km (33 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź. It is located in the Sieradz Land.

Łask
Łask ([wask]) is a town in central Poland with 16,925 inhabitants (2020). It is the capital of Łask County, and is situated in Łódź Voivodeship. It is located in the Sieradz Land.

A town with some 1,000 years of history, Łask is a former residential town of the Łaski noble family under whose patronage it was developed into a notable regional center of trade and crafts. It contains heritage Gothic and Baroque churches and a local historical museum. It is located near the Route of the Heroes of the Battle of Warsaw 1920, the main highway connecting Wrocław with Łódź, Warsaw and Białystok. The Polish Air Force's 32nd Air Base is located nearby.
Shadow of a Doubt (1991 film)
Shadow of a Doubt is a 1991 American psychological thriller television film directed by Karen Arthur. A remake of Alfred Hitchcock's 1943 film, John Gay's teleplay, based on the screenplay by Thornton Wilder, Sally Benson and Alma Reville, follows a young woman (Margaret Welsh) who gradually discovers that her beloved uncle (Mark Harmon) is in fact a serial murderer. It aired on CBS on April 28, 1991, as an episode of the Hallmark Hall of Fame series.

Karen Arthur
Karen Arthur (born August 24, 1941) is an American television and film director, producer, and actress. She directed more than 40 feature and made-for-television movies, miniseries, and television series. In 1985 she become the first woman to win a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing in a Drama Series.

Arthur began her career as an actress, appearing in the 1967 romantic comedy film A Guide for the Married Man, and later co-starred in the drama film Winning (1969). She made several guest-starring appearances on television series before making her directorial debut with the 1975 crime drama film, Legacy, which received a special prize at the Locarno Film Festival. She later directed feature films The Mafu Cage (1978) and Lady Beware (1987).
Erlton, Calgary
Erlton is an inner city residential neighbourhood in the southwest quadrant of Calgary, Alberta. It is bounded by the Elbow River to the north and west, by Spiller Road to the east and by Mission Road to the south. Macleod Trail bisects the neighbourhood from north to south. The neighbourhood is represented by the Erlton Community Association.

Erlton was established in 1906. It is represented in the Calgary City Council by the Ward 8 councillor.

The community is served by the Erlton/Stampede station of the C-Train LRT system. The MNP Community & Sport Centre and Lindsay Park border the community to the north, and the Stampede Grounds are located immediately northwest.

Inner city
The term inner city (also called the hood) has been used, especially in the United States, as a euphemism for majority-minority lower-income residential districts that often refer to rundown neighborhoods, in a downtown or city centre area. Sociologists sometimes turn the euphemism into a formal designation by applying the term inner city to such residential areas, rather than to more geographically central commercial districts, often referred to by terms such as downtown, city centre, or central business district.
Tristen Gaspadarek
Tristen (born Tristen Gaspadarek, November 23, 1982) is an American singer-songwriter and musician. She has released five albums: Teardrops and Lollipops (2008), Charlatans at the Garden Gate (2011), C A V E S (2013), Sneaker Waves (2017), Aquatic Flowers (2021), and Unpopular Music (2025). She also performed as a member of Jenny Lewis's live band in 2015.

Jenny Lewis
Jennifer Diane Lewis (born January 8, 1976) is an American singer-songwriter and actress. She is the lead singer, rhythm guitarist, and keyboardist for the indie rock band Rilo Kiley.

Lewis gained prominence in the 1980s as a child actress, appearing in the films Troop Beverly Hills (1989) and The Wizard (1989) and the television series Brooklyn Bridge (1991–93). In the mid-1990s, Lewis semi-retired from acting to focus on her musical career, and formed Rilo Kiley in 1998 with fellow former child actor Blake Sennett. Rilo Kiley released four albums before they disbanded in 2014.

Lewis has released five solo albums: Rabbit Fur Coat (2006), Acid Tongue (2008), The Voyager (2014), On the Line (2019), and Joy'All (2023). In addition to Rilo Kiley and her solo career, Lewis has been a member of The Postal Service, Jenny & Johnny, and Nice as Fuck.
James M. Tuttle
James Madison Tuttle (September 24, 1823 – October 24, 1892) was a soldier, businessman, and politician from the state of Iowa who served as a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War. He commanded a brigade and then a division in the Army of the Tennessee in several campaigns in the Western Theater of operations. He led the first Union troops that entered the enemy-held Fort Donelson in 1862, paving the way for the fort's subsequent surrender to Ulysses S. Grant and opening the Cumberland River as an avenue of invasion of the South.

Iowa Democratic Party
The Iowa Democratic Party (IDP) is the affiliate of the Democratic Party in the U.S. state of Iowa.

The party organizes the Democratic Iowa presidential caucuses. In recent years, the party has lost ground in the state, holding no congressional seats from Iowa, superminorities in both houses of the state legislature, and only one out of seven statewide elected officials.