hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tennessee Court of Appeals
The Tennessee Court of Appeals (in case citation, Tenn. Ct. App.) was created in 1925 by the Tennessee General Assembly as an intermediate appellate court to hear appeals in civil cases from the Tennessee state trial courts. Appeals of judgments made by the Court of Appeals may be made to the Tennessee Supreme Court.

Trial court
A trial court or court of first instance is a court having original jurisdiction, in which trials take place. Appeals from the decisions of trial courts are usually heard by higher courts with the power of appellate review (appellate courts). Most appellate courts do not have the authority to hear testimony or take evidence, but instead rule solely on matters of law.

In the trial court, evidence and testimony are admitted under the rules of evidence established by applicable procedural law and determinations called findings of fact are made based on the evidence. The court, presided over by one or more judges, makes findings of law based upon the applicable law. In most common law jurisdictions, the trial court often sits with a jury and one judge; in such jury trials, the jury acts as trier of fact. In some cases, the judge or judges act as triers of both fact and law, by either statute, custom, or agreement of the parties; this is referred to as a bench trial.
Schoenobius molybdoplecta
Schoenobius molybdoplecta is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. in 1914. It is found in Panama.

The wingspan is 14–24 mm. The forewings are dark grey, the inner area shaded with dull yellow. The hindwings are whitish, shading to fuscous at the margin.

Harrison Gray Dyar Jr.
Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. (February 14, 1866 – January 21, 1929) was an American entomologist. Dyar's Law, a pattern of geometric progression in the growth of insect parts, is named after him. He was also noted for eccentric pursuits which included digging tunnels under his home. He had a complicated personal life and along with his second wife he adopted the Baháʼí Faith.
Heather Wakelee
Heather A. Wakelee is a professor of oncology at Stanford University Medical Center. Her research focuses on lung cancer.

Wakelee received a Bachelor's degree in molecular biology from Princeton University in 1992 and MD from Johns Hopkins University in 1996. She is a member of Alpha Omega Alpha. She served as an intern, as a resident in internal medicine, and as a fellow in oncology at Stanford from 1996 to 2003. She was appointed as a staff physician in 2003.

Wakelee is an author on over 180 papers related to cancer research. In 2003, she was given a Merit Award from the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

She is the lead investigator on the ECOG-ARIN clinical trials group at Stanford, and was given a Young Investigator Award from ECOG-ARIN in 2015. She serves on the board of directors of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer.

Alpha Omega Alpha
Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society (ΑΩΑ) is an honor society in the field of medicine. It has active chapters in 132 LCME-accredited medical schools in the United States and Lebanon. It annually elects over 4,000 new members. A 2021 JAMA article, noted "Alpha Omega Alpha (ΑΩΑ) honor society membership is the hallmark of academic achievement in undergraduate medical education, and ΑΩΑ membership is associated with future success in academic medicine."
Gimme Love (Sia song)
"Gimme Love" is a song by Australian singer and songwriter Sia. It was released as the lead single from her tenth studio album, Reasonable Woman, on 13 September 2023 through Atlantic Records.

At the APRA Music Awards of 2024, the song was shortlisted for Song of the Year. At the APRA Music Awards of 2025, the song was nominated for Most Performed Pop Work.

APRA Music Awards of 2024
The APRA Music Awards of 2024 were the 42nd annual series, known as the APRA Awards. The awards are given in a series of categories in three divisions and in separate ceremonies throughout the year: the APRA Music Awards, Art Music Awards and Screen Music Awards.

The APRA Music Awards took place on 1 May 2024. The 25 songs shortlisted for Song of the Year were announced on 22 February 2024. Nominations were announced on 4 April 2024.
South Qu'Appelle
South Qu'Appelle is a former provincial electoral division for the Legislative Assembly of the province of Saskatchewan, Canada. The district was created before the 1st Saskatchewan general election in 1905, and abolished before the 8th Saskatchewan general election in 1934 into Qu'Appelle-Wolseley and parts of Lumsden and Francis. It was the riding of former Premier of the North-West Territories and Saskatchewan Opposition leader Frederick Haultain.

It is now part of the constituencies of Indian Head-Milestone and Regina Wascana Plains.

Indian Head-Milestone
Indian Head-Milestone was a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan, Canada. Located in southern Saskatchewan, the riding was created through the Representation Act, 1994 (Saskatchewan) by combining the riding of Indian Head-Wolseley with part of the riding of Bengough-Milestone. With the final report of the 2022 boundary commission, the riding was dissolved ahead of the 2024 Saskatchewan general election, with the bulk of its population going to the new riding of White City-Qu'appelle.

Communities in the district included the towns of Balgonie, Indian Head, Pilot Butte, Milestone, Rouleau, and Fort Qu'Appelle; and the villages of Edenwold, Odessa, Vibank, Avonlea, and Wilcox.
Sanjeev Kulkarni
Sanjeev Ramesh Kulkarni (born September 21, 1963 in Mumbai, India) is an Indian-born American academic. He is Professor of Electrical Engineering and was Dean of the Faculty from 2017-2021 at Princeton University, where he teaches and conducts research in a broad range of areas including statistical inference, pattern recognition, machine learning, information theory, and signal/image processing.  He is also affiliated with the Department of Operations Research and Financial Engineering and the Department of Philosophy.  His work in philosophy is joint with Gilbert Harman.  Kulkarni served as Associate Dean for Princeton University School of Engineering and Applied Science from 2003–2005, Master of Butler College from 2004-2012, Director of the Keller Center for Innovation in Engineering Education from 2011-2014, and Dean of the Graduate School at Princeton University from 2014-2017.

Statistical inference
Statistical inference is the process of using data analysis to infer properties of an underlying probability distribution. Inferential statistical analysis infers properties of a population, for example by testing hypotheses and deriving estimates. It is assumed that the observed data set is sampled from a larger population.

Inferential statistics can be contrasted with descriptive statistics. Descriptive statistics is solely concerned with properties of the observed data, and it does not rest on the assumption that the data come from a larger population. In machine learning, the term inference is sometimes used instead to mean "make a prediction, by evaluating an already trained model"; in this context inferring properties of the model is referred to as training or learning (rather than inference), and using a model for prediction is referred to as inference (instead of prediction); see also predictive inference.
Novarupta (band)
Novarupta was a Swedish progressive post-metal collective founded by the multi-instrumentalist and producer Alex Stjernfeldt (Grand Cadaver, CHILD, Young Acid, SKRCKVLDET, ex-The Moth Gatherer, ex-Let them Hang) and the artist Arjen Kunnen in 2018. The band was known for its conceptual albums, each themed around one of the four classical elements — fire, water, air, and earth — and for its collaborative approach, featuring a rotating cast of guest vocalists from across the metal scene. The band’s second album Marine Snow won at the 2021 Manifestgalan, Sweden’s independent music awards.

Entombed (band)
Entombed is a Swedish death metal band formed in 1987 under the name of Nihilist. Entombed began their career as an early pioneer of Scandinavian death metal which initially differed from its American counterpart by its distinct "buzzsaw" guitar tone. However, by the early 1990s their sound had broadened to include garage rock and other influences. This new style would eventually be described as death 'n' roll. Along with Dismember, Grave and Unleashed, Entombed has been referred to as one of the "big four" of Swedish death metal.
Etripamil
Etripamil, sold under the brand name Cardamyst, is a medication used for the treatment of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. It is a calcium channel blocker. It is used as a nasal spray.

Etripamil was approved for medical use in the United States in December 2025.

Nasal administration
Nasal administration, popularly known as snorting, is a route of administration in which drugs are insufflated through the nose. It can be a form of either topical administration or systemic administration, as the drugs thus locally delivered can go on to have either purely local or systemic effects. Nasal sprays are locally acting drugs, such as decongestants for cold and allergy treatment, whose systemic effects are usually minimal. Examples of systemically active drugs available as nasal sprays are migraine drugs, rescue medications for overdose and seizure emergencies, hormone treatments, nicotine nasal spray, and nasal vaccines such as live attenuated influenza vaccine.
Brooklyn (village), Wisconsin
Brooklyn is a village in Dane and Green counties in Wisconsin, United States. The population was 1,524 at the 2020 census, with 1,026 residents in Dane County and 498 in Green County.

The Dane County portion of Brooklyn is part of the Madison Metropolitan Statistical Area, while the Green County portion is part of the Monroe Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Monroe, Wisconsin
Monroe is a city in Green County, Wisconsin, United States, and its county seat. The population was 10,661 at the 2020 census. The city is bordered by the town of Monroe to the north and the town of Clarno to the south. It is nicknamed the "Cheese Capital of the USA".
Titus and Berenice
Titus and Berenice is a 1676 tragedy by the English writer Thomas Otway. It portrays the relationship between the Roman Emperor Titus and the Jewish Queen Berenice. It premiered at the Dorset Garden Theatre, staged by the Duke's Company. It was inspired by Jean Racine's 1670 French work Bérénice.

The original cast included Thomas Betterton as Titus Vespatian, William Smith as Antiochus, Matthew Medbourne as Paulinus, John Crosby as Arsaces, Thomas Gillow as Rutilius, Mary Lee as Berenice and Elizabeth Barry as Phaenice. Another new work by Otway, a farce The Cheats of Scapin was performed as an afterpiece. Both plays were published together the following year and dedicated to the Earl of Rochester.

Afterpiece
An afterpiece is a short, usually humorous one-act playlet or musical work following the main attraction, the full-length play, and concluding the theatrical evening. This short comedy, farce, opera or pantomime was a popular theatrical form in the 18th and 19th centuries. It was presented to lighten the five-act tragedy that was commonly performed.

A similar piece preceding the main attraction is a curtain raiser.

An example is The Padlock by Charles Dibdin, first performed in London in 1768.
Rhizophora apiculata
The tall-stilt mangrove (Rhizophora apiculata)  is a species of flowering plant distributed throughout Southeast Asia and the western Pacific islands.

It is located exclusively in the mangrove ecosystem due to an affinity to wet, muddy and silty sediments. Due to the high salt concentrations of the soils in these environments, it has mechanisms (ultrafiltration) in place to reduce the likely impacts associated with increased salt in plant physiology (drying plant material down causing increased evapotranspiration). Rhizophora apiculata and R. mucronata are used to make charcoal in the charcoal kilns of Kuala Sepetang in Perak, Malaysia. Rhizophora apiculata is used within mangrove plantation specifically for wood, and charcoal production in many parts of Thailand.

There are alternative uses for R. apiculata, such as to reinforce nets, ropes and fishing lines, transform into charcoal or trade for income.

Ultrafiltration
Ultrafiltration (UF) is a variety of membrane filtration in which forces such as pressure or concentration gradients lead to a separation through a semipermeable membrane. Suspended solids and solutes of high molecular weight are retained in the so-called retentate, while water and low molecular weight solutes pass through the membrane in the permeate (filtrate). This separation process is used in industry and research for purifying and concentrating macromolecular (103–106 Da) solutions, especially protein solutions.

Ultrafiltration is not fundamentally different from microfiltration. Both of these are separate based on size exclusion or particle capture. It is fundamentally different from membrane gas separation, which separate based on different amounts of absorption and different rates of diffusion. Ultrafiltration membranes are defined by the molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) of the membrane used. Ultrafiltration is applied in cross-flow or dead-end mode.
Atre
Atre or Atri (Athri) is a Hindu patronymic surname and gotra from the ancient sage. In Maharashtra, the surname is mainly found among Marathi Brahmins. In Uttar Pradesh & Gujarat, the surname is found among Yadavs. It is also a gotra in the Konkani Gaud Saraswat Brahmin community

Notable people with the surname includes

Pralhad Keshav Atre (1898–1969), Marathi Brahmin writer, poet, educationist, movie producer–director–script writer and orator

Shubhangi Atre, Indian television actress

Prabha Atre, Indian classical vocalist from the Kirana gharana

Shaku Atre (born 1940), Indian-born American data scientist and businesswoman

Rasheed Attre (Atre), Pakistani music director & composer

Wajahat Attre (Atre), Pakistani music director & composer

Prabha Atre
Prabha Atre (13 September 1932 – 13 January 2024) was an Indian classical vocalist from the Kirana gharana. She was awarded all three of the Padma Awards by the Government of India. She died in Pune from cardiac arrest on 13 January 2024, at the age of 91 .
Minster, Ohio
Minster is a village in Auglaize and Shelby counties, in the U.S. state of Ohio. The population was 3,046 at the 2020 census. It is included in the Wapakoneta, Ohio Micropolitan Statistical Area. It is adjacent to the village of New Bremen to the north.

Minster is the home of one of the world's largest yogurt plants, operated by Dannon, which employs more than 400 people. The Minster Machine Company is also headquartered in Minster.

Wapakoneta, Ohio
Wapakoneta (/ˌwɔːpəkəˈnɛtə/, locally /wɒpəkəˈnɛtə/, commonly shortened to “Wapak”) is a city in Auglaize County, Ohio, United States, and its county seat. Located along the Auglaize River, the city is about 56 miles (90 km) north of Dayton and 83 miles (134 km) south of Toledo. The population was 9,957  at the 2020 census. It is the principal city of  the Wapakoneta micropolitan area, which is included in the Lima–Van Wert–Celina combined statistical area.

Neil Armstrong, the first man on the Moon, grew up in Wapakoneta, which is now the home of the Armstrong Air & Space Museum.
Güre, Uşak
Güre  is a village in the Uşak District of Uşak Province, Turkey. Its population is 827 (2022). Before the 2013 reorganisation, it was a town (belde). It is on the Turkish state highway D.300 which connects İzmir to Ankara. It is 25 kilometres (16 mi) west of Uşak. Güre is known as the home town of the (so called) " Treasures of Croesus" (Turkish: Karun hazineleri) findings from Lydian tumuli around the town. The findings were plundered in the 1960s but recovered by the 2000s and now they are being kept in Uşak Museum.

Belde
Belde (literally "town", also known as kasaba) means "large village with a municipality" in Turkish.

All Turkish province centers and district centers have municipalities, but the villages are usually too small to have municipalities. The population in some villages may exceed 2000 and in such villages a small municipality may be established depending on residents' choice. Such villages are called belde. Up to 2014 the number of belde municipalities was about 1400.

On 30 March 2014 by the act no. 6360 all villages (those with and without municipality) were included in the urban fabric of the district municipalities in 30 provinces. Thus belde municipalities in 30 provinces were abolished. The number of abolished belde municipalities is 1040.

Presently, in 51 provinces, which are not in the scope of the act no 6360, there are still 394 belde municipalities.
Yingtian Gate
The Yingtian Gate, Ying Tian Men (simplified Chinese: 应天门; traditional Chinese: 應天門) was the southern gate of the imperial palace in Luoyang during the Sui and Tang dynasties, and it may have been the largest city gate in ancient China. Ancient Japan constructed capital gates with the same names Ōtenmon (応天門) in the cities of Heian-kyō (present-day Kyoto) and Heijō-kyō (present-day Nara).

Heijō-kyō
Heijō-kyō (平城京; also Heizei-kyō, sometimes Nara no miyako) was the Capital of Japan during most of the Nara period, from 710 to 740 and again from 745 to 784.  The imperial palace is a listed UNESCO World Heritage Site together with other places in the city of Nara (cf. Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara).

Empress Genmei ordered the Imperial capital moved from Fujiwara-kyō to Heijō-kyō in 708, and the move to Heijō-kyō was complete in 710. Heijō-kyō was modeled after Chang'an, the capital of Tang-dynasty China, although Heijō-kyō lacked walls. In the city, merchants and traders from China, Korea, and India introduced various foreign cultures to Heijō-kyō through the Silk Road. As a result, Heijō-kyō flourished as Japan's first international and political capital, with a peak population of between 50,000 and 100,000. The overall form of the city was an irregular rectangle, and the area of the city was more than 25 km2.
Arjuna Vishada-yoga
The Arjuna Vishada-yoga (Sanskrit: अर्जुनविषादयोग, romanized: Arjuna Viṣāda-yōga) is the first of the eighteen chapters of the Bhagavad Gita. The chapter has a total of 47 shlokas. The chapter is the 23rd chapter of Bhishma Parva, the sixth book of the Mahabharata.

Sanjaya
Sanjaya (Sanskrit: सञ्जय, meaning "victory") or Sanjaya Gavalgana is a figure from the ancient Indian Hindu epic Mahābhārata. Sanjaya is the advisor of the blind king Dhritarashtra, the ruler of the Kuru kingdom and the father of the Kauravas, as well as serving as his charioteer. Sanjaya is a disciple of Sage Vyasa. He is stated to have the gift of divya drishti (divine vision), the ability to observe distant events within his mind, granted by Vyasa. He narrates to Dhritarashtra the events of the Kurukshetra War, including the ones described in the Bhagavad Gita.
Maigret at the Crossroads
Maigret at the Crossroads (French: La Nuit du carrefour) is a detective novel by the Belgian writer Georges Simenon. Published in 1931, it is one of the earliest novels to feature Inspector Maigret in the role of the chief police investigator, a character that has since become one of the best-known detectives in fiction.

Belgians
Belgians (Dutch: Belgen [ˈbɛlɣə(n)] ⓘ; French: Belges [bɛlʒ] ⓘ; German: Belgier [ˈbɛlɡi̯ɐ] ⓘ) are people identified with the Kingdom of Belgium, a federal state in Western Europe. As Belgium is a multinational state, this connection may be residential, legal, historical, or cultural rather than ethnic. The majority of Belgians, however, belong to two distinct linguistic groups or communities (Dutch: gemeenschap; French: communauté) native to the country, i.e. its historical regions: Flemings in Flanders, who speak Dutch, West Flemish and Limburgish; and Walloons in Wallonia, who speak French or Walloon. There is also a substantial Belgian diaspora, which has settled primarily in the United States, Canada, France, and the Netherlands.
Lazy argument
The lazy argument or idle argument (Ancient Greek: ἀργὸς λόγος) is an attempt to undermine the philosophical doctrine of fatalism by demonstrating that, if everything that happens is determined by fate, it is futile to take any kind of action. Its basic form is that of a complex constructive dilemma.

Dilemma
A dilemma (from Ancient Greek  δίλημμα (dílēmma) 'double proposition') is a problem offering two possibilities, neither of which is unambiguously acceptable or preferable. The possibilities are termed the horns of the dilemma, a clichéd usage, but distinguishing the dilemma from other kinds of predicament as a matter of usage.
FSV Velten
The FSV Velten was a German association football club from the town of Velten, Brandenburg.

The club's greatest success during play in the former East Germany was a single season spent in the second tier DDR-Liga in 1989–90, then under the name of Chemie Velten. After the German reunion, now FSV Velten, the club earned promotion to the tier three Regionalliga Nordost in 1995 and played at this level for two seasons before being relegated again. The following season, 1997–98 the club had to declare insolvency in mid-season and folded. A new club was formed, the SC Oberhavel Velten, but has not reached the heights of the former club.

Regionalliga Nordost
The Regionalliga Nordost is the fourth tier of German football in the states of Berlin, Brandenburg, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Saxony-Anhalt, Saxony and Thuringia. These comprise the states of former East Germany as well as West Berlin.

It is one of five leagues at the fourth tier, together with the Regionalliga Bayern, Regionalliga Südwest, Regionalliga Nord and the Regionalliga West. From 1994 to 2000 it was part of the third tier, until the first of many re-structurings of the league system. The last of these occurred in 2012, which saw the Regionalliga Nordost reinstated.
Bright Nights (album)
Bright Nights is the fourth studio album by British indie pop band Allo Darlin'. It was released on via Fika Recordings in the United Kingdom and Slumberland Records in North America, in vinyl, CD and digital formats.

Fika Recordings
Fika Recordings is an English independent record label founded in London in 2011 by Tom Ashton.

It mostly releases indie pop, indie rock, and folk. The label has put out music by artists like Darren Hayman, Randolph's Leap, Stanley Brinks, and Steven Adams.

Since 2018 the label has run a yearly series of concerts held in London called The Winter Sprinter, after its previously having been helmed by Fortuna Pop! and The Track & Field Organisation. For 2025 Fika enlisted both previous custodians to collaborate on that year's lineup to commemorate 25 years of the event.

On 2 April 2025 Anglo-Australian indie pop band Allo Darlin' released their first song in 9 years, "Tricky Questions", with the label. Then on 7 May they released a second, "My Love Will Bring You Home", and announced that their fourth album, Bright Nights, would be released in the UK on 11 July by Fika.