hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Armando Alba Zambrana
Armando Alba Zambrana (9 February 1901 – 10 October 1974) was a Bolivian writer, journalist, historian and politician from Potosí. He won Bolivia's National Culture Award in 1969. He was an important member of Gesta Bárbara and founded the Editorial Potosí group of writers. During the administration of President Enrique Hertzog, Alba was appointed Minister of Education and Indigenous Affairs. He was also the Bank Secretary of Potosí and the 100th anniversary of birth was celebrated in 2001.

Cabinet of Bolivia
Council of Ministers of Bolivia, or Cabinet of Bolivia, is part of the executive branch of the Bolivian government, consisting of the heads of the variable number of government ministries. The Council of Ministers are ministers of state and conduct the day-to-day business of public administration within Bolivia. The President of Bolivia may freely reorganize the executive branch, with the most recent comprehensive reorganization occurring in February 2009. Since then, the Ministry for the Legal Defense of the State has become the independent office of Solicitor General, and the Ministry of Communication has been created.
Jopara
Jopara (Guarani pronunciation: [ɟopaˈɾa]) or Yopará (Spanish: [ɟʝopaˈɾa]) is a colloquial form of Guarani spoken in Paraguay which uses a number of Spanish loan words. Its name is from the Guarani word for “mixture”.

The majority of Paraguayans, particularly younger ones, speak some form of Jopara.

Loanword
A loanword is a word at least partly assimilated from one language (the donor language) into another language (the recipient or target language), through the process of borrowing. Borrowing is a metaphorical term that is well established in the linguistic field despite its acknowledged descriptive flaws: nothing is taken away from the donor language and there is no expectation of returning anything (i.e., the loanword).

Loanwords may be contrasted with calques, in which a word is borrowed into the recipient language by being directly translated from the donor language rather than being adopted in (an approximation of) its original form. They must also be distinguished from cognates, which are words in two or more related languages that are similar because they share an etymological origin in the ancestral language, rather than because one borrowed the word from the other.
Mirza Salim
Mirza Salim  (1799 – 8 September 1836) (also known as Shahzada Mirza Muhammad Salim Shah) was a son of Mughal emperor Akbar II and his consort Mumtaz-un-Nissa Begum. He was a younger brother of Emperor Bahadur Shah II, former Crown Prince Mirza Jahangir and Mirza Jahan Shah. He was his elder brother, Mirza Abu Zafar's favourite brother. Salim always agreed with Mirza Abu Zafar's decisions and always supported him.

Shah
Shāh (/ʃɑː/; Persian: شاه [ˈʃaːɦ] ⓘ) is a royal title meaning 'king' in Persian. Though chiefly associated with the monarchs of Iran, it was also used to refer to the leaders of numerous Persianate societies, such as the Ottoman Empire, the Khanate of Bukhara and the Emirate of Bukhara, the Mughal Empire, the Bengal Sultanate, and various Afghan dynasties, as well as among Gurkhas. With regard to Iranian history, in particular, each ruling monarch was not seen simply as the head of the concurrent dynasty and state, but as the successor to a long line of royalty beginning with the original Persian Empire of Cyrus the Great. To this end, he was more emphatically known as the Shāhanshāh (شاهنشاه, šāhanšāh, 'king of kings' [ˌʃaːhanˈʃaːɦ]), since the Achaemenid dynasty. A roughly equivalent title is Pādishāh (پادشاه, pādišāh, pādšāh, 'master king'), which was most widespread during the Muslim period in the Indian subcontinent.
Robert McNeill (footballer)
Robert McNeill (21 November 1873 - 1942) was a Scottish footballer who played for Sunderland as a full back.

Having transferred from Clyde, McNeill made his Sunderland debut against Burnley on 8 September 1894 in a 3–0 win at Newcastle Road. he played for the club between 1894 and 1901 and won an English Football League Championship medal in 1895. He also won the 1895 World Championship. He left Sunderland to sign for Morton in 1901, after making 142 league appearances with no goals.

Greenock Morton F.C.
Greenock Morton Football Club is a Scottish professional football club, which plays in the Scottish Championship. The club was founded as Morton Football Club in 1874, making it one of the oldest Scottish clubs. Morton was renamed Greenock Morton in 1994 to celebrate the links with its home town of Greenock.

Morton won the Scottish Cup in 1922, and achieved its highest league finish in 1916–17, as runners-up to champions Celtic. Morton holds the record for the most promotions to and relegations from the top flight (10 promotions and 10 relegations), but has not competed in the top flight of the Scottish football league system since 1988. In 2014–15, Morton won its tenth league title in all divisions by winning the Scottish League One championship on the final day.
Baháʼí Faith in Uruguay
The Baháʼí Faith in Uruguay began after ʻAbdu'l-Bahá, then head of the religion, mentioned the country in 1916. The first Baháʼí to enter the country was Martha Root in 1919. The first pioneer to settle there was Wilfrid Barton early in 1940 and the first Baháʼí Local Spiritual Assembly of Montevideo was elected in 1942. By 1961 Uruguayan Baháʼís had elected the first National Spiritual Assembly and by 1963 there were three Local Assemblies plus other communities. By 2001 there was an estimated 4,000 Baháʼís in Uruguay.

Maldonado, Uruguay
Maldonado (Spanish pronunciation: [maldoˈnaðo]) is the capital city of Maldonado Department, in eastern Uruguay. According to the 2023 Census, it is the fourth most populated city in the country, with about 102 thousand inhabitants. However, together with the cities of Punta del Este and San Carlos it makes up a conurbation with a population of over 135 thousand inhabitants.
Wrestling at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Women's freestyle 48 kg
Women's freestyle 48 kilograms competition at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, took place on August 17 at the Carioca Arena 2 in Barra da Tijuca.

This freestyle wrestling competition consists of a single-elimination tournament, with a repechage used to determine the winner of two bronze medals. The two finalists face off for gold and silver medals. Each wrestler who loses to one of the two finalists moves into the repechage, culminating in a pair of bronze medal matches featuring the semifinal losers each facing the remaining repechage opponent from their half of the bracket.

The medals for the competition were presented by Poul-Erik Høyer Larsen, IOC member, Denmark, and the gifts were presented by Natalia Yariguina, United World Wrestling vice president.

Poul-Erik Høyer Larsen
Poul-Erik Høyer Larsen (born 20 September 1965) is a retired Danish badminton player and sports administrator. As a player, he won major international singles titles in the 1990s, culminated in the gold medal at the 1996 Summer Olympics, and ranks among Denmark's badminton greats. In 2013, he became president of the Badminton World Federation, having served as president of the Badminton Europe for three years, and then served three four-year terms. In 2014, Høyer became a member of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), he was also a board member of the Danish Olympic Committee from 2005, from which he also retired from in 2025.
Schaberg
Schaberg is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

David Schaberg (born 1964), American academic

Jane Schaberg (1938–2012), American academic

Ralf Schaberg (born 1977), German slalom canoeist

Jane Schaberg
Jane Dewar Schaberg (February 20, 1938 – April 17, 2012) was an American biblical scholar who served as Professor of Religious Studies and of Women's Studies at the University of Detroit Mercy from 1977 through 2009.
Sun gun
The sun gun or heliobeam (German: Sonnengewehr) is a theoretical orbital weapon, which makes use of a concave mirror mounted on a satellite, to concentrate sunlight onto a small area at the Earth's surface, destroying targets or killing through heat and burning.

Curved mirror
A curved mirror is a mirror with a curved reflecting surface. The surface may be either convex (bulging outward) or concave (recessed inward). Most curved mirrors have surfaces that are shaped like part of a sphere, but other shapes are sometimes used in optical devices. The most common non-spherical type are parabolic reflectors, found in optical devices such as reflecting telescopes that need to image distant objects, since spherical mirror systems, like spherical lenses, suffer from spherical aberration. Distorting mirrors are used for entertainment. They have convex and concave regions that produce deliberately distorted images. They also provide highly magnified or highly diminished (smaller) images when the object is placed at certain distances. Convex mirrors are often used for security and safety in shops and parking lots.
2020 Vietnamese Cup
The 2020 Vietnamese National Cup (known as the Bamboo Airways National Cup for sponsorship reasons) was the 28th edition of the Vietnamese National Cup, the football knockout tournament of Vietnam organized by the Vietnam Football Federation.

Vietnam Football Federation
The Vietnam Football Federation (VFF; Vietnamese: Liên đoàn Bóng đá Việt Nam) is the national governing body of football in Vietnam. It is responsible for the all Vietnamese teams of association football, futsal and beach soccer as well as national competitions.

VFF is currently a member of the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA), the Asian Football Confederation (AFC), and the ASEAN Football Federation (AFF). Its headquarters is located in Lê Quang Đạo Street, Mỹ Đình 1 ward, Nam Từ Liêm district, Hanoi. Administratively, VFF is placed under the jurisdiction of the Vietnam Ministry of Home Affairs alongside supervisor and specialty management from the Vietnam Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism.
Rock of Love with Bret Michaels season 1
Rock of Love with Bret Michaels is a competition-driven reality television series starring Bret Michaels, the lead singer of the band Poison. The 12-episode series, which premiered July 15, 2007 on VH1 (a VSPOT online premiere showcased on July 10), was created by Cris Abrego and Mark Cronin (co-founders of the production company 51 Minds).

Richard Blade
Richard Blade (born Richard Thomas Sheppard; May 23, 1956, in Bristol, England) is a British-American Los Angeles–based radio, television, and film personality from Torquay, England. He is best known for his radio programs that feature new wave and popular music from the 1980s. He was a disc jockey at KROQ-FM in Los Angeles from 1982 to 2000 and has been a host for Sirius XM's 1st Wave classic alternative station since 2005.
Mathiasella
Mathiasella is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Apiaceae. It is in the Tribe Selineae. The genus only contains one known species, Mathiasella bupleuroides Constance & C.L.Hitchc.

It is native to Mexico.

The genus name of Mathiasella is in honour of Mildred Esther Mathias (1906–1995), an American botanist and college professor and also Director of the UCLA Botanic garden. The Latin specific epithet of bupleuroides means "like Bupleurum" in recognition that it has visual similarities to Bupleurum, another genus of plants in the Apiaceae family, that has worldwide distribution. Both the genus and the species were first described and published in Amer. J. Bot. Vol.41 on page 56 in 1954.

Bupleurum
Bupleurum is a large genus of annual or perennial herbs or woody shrubs, with about 190 species, belonging to the family Apiaceae. The full size of its species may vary between a few cm to up to 3 m high. Their compound umbels of small flowers are adorned with bracteoles that are sometimes large and may play a role in attracting pollinators. Rare among the Apiaceae are the simple leaves, bracts (if present), and bracteoles. The genus is almost exclusively native in the Old World Northern Hemisphere, with one species native to North America and one species native to southern Africa.
Botanical Society of Canada
The Botanical Society of Canada was founded in Kingston, Ontario, Canada, in November 1860. Among its founding members was Scottish-Canadian botanist George Lawson, who created the Society with the goal of establishing a botanical garden at Queen's College (now Queen's University), and publishing a catalogue of Canadian plants.

George Lawson (botanist)
George Lawson (October 12, 1827 – November 10, 1895) was a Scottish-Canadian botanist who is considered the "father of Canadian botany".

Born in Scotland, in 1858, he was appointed the Professor of Chemistry and Natural History at Queen's University. He helped to create one of Canada's first botanical gardens.

In 1868, he became Professor of Chemistry and Mineralogy at Dalhousie University.

He was a charter member of the Royal Society of Canada and from 1887 to 1888 was its president.
Fellipe Andrew
Fellipe Andrew Silva (born October 24, 1994) is a Brazilian jiu-jitsu black belt under Rodrigo Cavaca. He is the  2021 World Champion in the absolute division and  2023 World Champion in the 94 kg division. He is  Euros Champion in 2019, 2020, 2022, and 2023. He is the  Pan Champion of 2019, 2020, and 2021.
Andrew was among six champions in the inaugural IBJJF Crown in 2023.
In the lead-up to his championship wins, he was training at Zenith BJJ under Robert Drysdale. He later moved to Alliance Jiu Jitsu (San Diego branch), and then Art of Jiu Jitsu in Costa Mesa in 2024. In September 2024 Andrew was stripped of his Pan Ams medal and accepted two years of ineligibility for failing anti-doping tests.

2022 Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu European Championship
The 2022 Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu European Championship, officially called the 2022 European Jiu-Jitsu IBJFF Championship, was an international jiu-jitsu event organised by the International Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Federation (IBJFF) held between 15 and 20 February 2022 in Rome, Italy.
Pyoktong County
Pyŏktong County is a kun, or county, in northern North P'yŏngan province, North Korea.  It lies in the valley of the Yalu River, and borders China to the north. Within North Korea, it is bounded by Tongch'ang to the south, Ch'angsŏng to the west, and Usi county in Chagang province to the east. It was separated from Usi in 1952, as part of a nationwide reorganization of local government.

North Pyongan Province
North Pyongan Province (also spelled North P'yŏngan; Korean: 평안북도; MR: Phyŏnganbukto; IPA: [pʰjʌŋanbuk̚t͈o]) is a western province of North Korea. The province was formed in 1896 from the northern half of the former P'yŏng'an Province, remained a province of Korea until 1945, then became a province of North Korea. Its capital is Sinŭiju. In 2002, Sinŭiju Special Administrative Region—near the city of Sinuiju—was established as a separately governed Special Administrative Region.
Rene Cayetano
Renato "Rene" Luna Cayetano (Tagalog: [rɛˈnɛ kajɛˈtano]; December 12, 1934 – June 25, 2003), commonly known as Compañero, was a Filipino lawyer, television presenter, journalist, and politician. He served in the Regular Batasang Pambansa, representing the lone district of the Metro Manila municipalities of Taguig, Pateros and Muntinlupa, from 1984 until its abolition in 1986. He then served as a Senator from 1998 to 2003. He also hosted the television program Compañero y Compañera from 1997 to 2001.

He was the father of politicians Pia, Alan Peter, and Lino Cayetano.

Legislative district of Taguig–Pateros–Muntinlupa
The Legislative district of Taguig–Pateros–Muntinlupa was the combined representation of the Metropolitan Manila municipalities of Muntinlupa, Pateros and Taguig in the Regular Batasang Pambansa from 1984 to 1986.
Castra of Drumul Carului
The castra of Drumul Carului was a fort in the Roman province of Dacia near Moieciu, Romania.

It was part of the Roman frontier system of the Limes Transalutanus and was in a strategic position south of the Bran Pass.

The small fort (castellum), approx. 40×40 m, was defended by earth works with two ditches. It might have been erected following the First Dacian War before the official integration of Dacia to the Roman Empire. Destroyed by fire, the fort was abandoned around 250.

Trajan's First Dacian War
Trajan's First Dacian War took place from 101 to 102.

The Kingdom of Dacia, under King Decebalus, had become a threat to the Roman Empire, and defeated several of Rome's armies during Domitian's reign (81–96). Despite the peace treaty established after Domitian's Dacian War, Trajan was set on ridding their new threat to Rome's power and in 101 set out determined to defeat Dacia. After a year of heavy fighting, King Decebalus came to terms and accepted peace.
Taking the Falls
Taking the Falls was a Canadian dramedy series, which aired on CTV in the 1995-96 television season.

The show starred Cynthia Dale as Terry Lane, a former police officer turned private investigator in Niagara Falls who solved crimes with the help of her lawyer friend Katherine MacVicar (Sandra Nelson). The cast also included Alex Carter and Michael Copeman as police associates of Lane's.

Dale's sister Jennifer Dale also appeared in one episode of the show as Gloria, a flaky psychic. The show was not renewed for a second season.

Sandra Nelson
Sandra Nelson (born December 29, 1964), is an American former actress. Born in Madison, Wisconsin, she is best known for her role as Phyllis Summers on The Young and the Restless that she played from 1997 to 1999. She also played Aliyah Farran in The Wolf of Wall Street (2013).
Gelastocoridae
The Gelastocoridae (toad bugs) is a family of about 100 species of insects in the suborder Heteroptera. These fall into two genera, about 15 species of Gelastocoris from the New World and 85 of Nerthra from the Old World. They are reminiscent of toads both in the warty appearance and hopping movements of some species.

Toad
Toad (also known as a hoptoad) is a common name for certain frogs, especially of the family Bufonidae, that are characterized by dry, leathery skin, short legs, and large bumps covering the parotoid glands.

In popular culture (folk taxonomy), toads are distinguished from frogs by their drier, rougher skin and association with more terrestrial habitats. However, this distinction does not align precisely with scientific taxonomy.
Anke Ohde
Anke Ohde (later Wegner, born 13 April 1955 in Malchin) is an East German canoe sprinter who competed in the mid-1970s. She won five gold medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with two in the K-1 500 m (1974, 1975), one in the K-2 500 m (1974), and two in the K-4 500 m events (1974, 1975). In 1976, she was displaced by fellow SC Neubrandenburg club member Carola Zirzow in the K-1. The Olympic nomination for the K-2 went to the world champions, Bärbel Köster and Zirzow. Ohde thus went to the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal as a canoeing reserve and did not compete. Ohde finished her active career after the Montreal Olympics.

1975 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships
The 1975 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships were held in Belgrade, Yugoslavia for the second time, having hosted them in 1971. This also equaled the most times a city had done so with Copenhagen, Denmark (1950, 1970).

The men's competition consisted of six Canadian (single paddle, open boat) and nine kayak events. Three events were held for the women, all in kayak.

This was the twelfth championships in canoe sprint. It marked the first time in the championships' history in which there was tie for a medal and that happened to be for the gold in the men's K-1 1000 m event between Italy's Oreste Perri and Poland's Grzegorz Śledziewski. The second would occur thirty-five years later in the C-1 200 m (debuted 1994) for the bronze between Canada's Richard Dalton and Ukraine's Yuriy Cheban, neither of who were born in 1975.
Abdoulkader Kamil Mohamed
Abdoulkader Kamil Mohamed (Afar: Qabdulkadir Kamil Macammad, Arabic: عبد القادر كامل محمد; born 1 July 1952) is a Djiboutian politician who has been Prime Minister of Djibouti since 2013.  A longtime member of the ruling People's Rally for Progress, he previously served as Minister of Agriculture from 2005 to 2011 and as Minister of Defense from 2011 to 2013. He is Afar-Somali, hailing from the prominent Warsangeli clan.

Afar people
The Afar (Afar: Qafár), also known as the Danakil, Adali and Odali, are a Cushitic ethnic group inhabiting the Horn of Africa. They primarily live in the Afar Region of Ethiopia and in northern Djibouti, as well as the entire southern coast of Eritrea. The Afar speak the Afar language, which is part of the East Cushitic branch of the Afroasiatic family. Afars are the only inhabitants of the Horn of Africa whose traditional territories border both the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden.
Dorothy Warenskjold
Dorothy Lorayne Warenskjold (May 11, 1921 – December 27, 2010) was an American lyric soprano who had an active career in opera, concerts, radio, television, and recitals from the mid-1940s through the early 1970s. She made several recordings for Capitol Records; other recordings were later released from restored material. She was fully California born, trained, and resident, in an era when the ranks of classical singers were dominated by Europe or New York. In addition to critical acclaim for her impeccable operatic performances, she achieved several decades of wide affection from cultured listeners across non-metropolitan North America, for her combination of radiotelevison and touring recitals. However, her early success was followed by later forgottenness. Former Chicago Symphony President Henry Fogel wrote, "Warenskjold was a fine lyric soprano who deserved a bigger career than she had."

The Tales of Hoffmann
The Tales of Hoffmann (French: Les contes d'Hoffmann) is an opéra fantastique by Jacques Offenbach. The French libretto was written by Jules Barbier, based on three short stories by E. T. A. Hoffmann, who is the protagonist of the story. It was Offenbach's final work; he died in October 1880, four months before the premiere.
François Racine de Monville
François Nicolas Henri Racine de Monville (French pronunciation: [fʁɑ̃swa nikɔla ɑ̃ʁi ʁasin də mɔ̃vil]; 4 October 1734 – 8 March 1797) was a French aristocrat, musician, architect and landscape designer. He is best known for his French landscape garden, the Désert de Retz, which influenced Thomas Jefferson and other later architects.

Landscape design
Landscape design is an independent profession and a design and art tradition, practiced by landscape designers, combining  nature and  culture.  In contemporary practice, landscape design bridges the space between landscape architecture and garden design.
United States Post Office–Salem Main
The US Post Office—Salem Main is a historic post office building at 2 Margin Street in Salem, Massachusetts.  It is one of Salem's finest civic Colonial Revival buildings.  
 The two story brick building was built in 1932 to a design by Wenham-based architect Philip Horton Smith of Smith & Walker.  Its roof follows a cross-gable plan, with its main entry on the long side of the building, topped by a decorated pedimented gable.  First floor windows are round-arched and slightly recessed, while those on the second floor are rectangular.  A line of granite marks the transition to the cornice at the top of the facade; the cornice, along with the gable elements, features heavy dentil molding.

The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986; it continues to serve as Salem's primary post office.

Dentil
A dentil (from Lat. dens, a tooth) is a small block used as a repeating ornament in the bedmould of a cornice. Dentils are found in ancient Greek and Roman architecture, and also in later styles such as Neoclassical, Federal, Georgian Revival, Greek Revival, Renaissance Revival, Second Empire, and Beaux-Arts architecture. Dentillation refers to use of a course of dentils.