hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mofetta
Mofetta (Italian from Latin mephītis, a pestilential exhalation) is a name applied to a volcanic discharge consisting chiefly of carbon dioxide, often associated with other vapours, representing the final phase of volcanic activity. The Oxford Dictionary of English lists mofetta as an archaic term for the modern word fumarole.

The word is used in the plural as mofette, or, following the French fashion, mofettes.  The volcanic vents yielding the emanations are themselves called mofette.  They are not uncommon in Auvergne and in the Eifel, notably on the shore of the Laacher See; whilst other examples are furnished by the Grotta del Cane, near Pozzuoli, the Valley of Death in Java, the Death Gulch in the Yellowstone Park and the series of mofette in Romania's Harghita and Covasna counties.

Pozzuoli
Pozzuoli (Italian: [potˈtswɔːli]; Neapolitan: Pozzule [pətˈtsuːlə]; Latin: Puteoli) is a city and comune (municipality) of the Metropolitan City of Naples, in the Italian region of Campania. It is the main city of the Phlegrean Peninsula.
Aba North/Aba South federal constituency
Aba North/Aba South is a federal constituency in Abia State, Nigeria. It covers Aba North and Aba South local government areas within the city of Aba. Emeka Nnamani of the Labour Party was declared winner of the 2023 election. He was sacked by the election petition tribunal. Alex Ikwechegh of the All Progressives Grand Alliance (APGA) was declared winner.

Labour Party (Nigeria)
The Labour Party (LP) is a social democratic political party in Nigeria. The party was created in 2002 and was previously known as the Party for Social Democracy (PSD) before changing to its current name the following year. Built on the ideology of social democracy, the party aims to promote and defend social democratic principles and ideals for the purpose of achieving social justice, progress and unity.

On 27 May 2022, the party's membership and support increased drastically as the former governor of Anambra State, Peter Obi, joined the party shortly after he left the People's Democratic Party (PDP) in a bid to run for the 2023 Nigerian presidential election.
Choanocyte
Choanocytes (also known as "collar cells") are cells that line the interior of asconoid, syconoid and leuconoid body types of sponges that contain a central flagellum, or cilium, surrounded by a collar of microvilli which are connected by a thin membrane.

They make up the choanoderm, a type of cell layer found in sponges. The cell has the closest resemblance to the choanoflagellates which are the closest related single celled protists to the animal kingdom (metazoans).  The flagellae beat regularly, creating a water flow across the microvilli which can then filter nutrients from the water taken from the collar of the sponge. Food particles are then phagocytosed by the cell.

Choanocytes are found dotting the surface of the spongocoel in asconoid sponges and the radial canals in syconoid sponges, but they comprise entirely the chambers in leuconoid sponges.

Phagocytosis
Phagocytosis (from Ancient Greek  φαγεῖν (phagein) 'to eat' and  κύτος (kytos) 'cell') is the process by which a cell uses its plasma membrane to engulf a large particle (≥ 0.5 μm), giving rise to an internal compartment called the phagosome.  It is one type of endocytosis. A cell that performs phagocytosis is called a phagocyte.

In a multicellular organism's immune system, phagocytosis is a major mechanism used to remove pathogens and cell debris. The ingested material is then digested in the phagosome. Bacteria, dead tissue cells, and small mineral particles are all examples of objects that may be phagocytized. Some protozoa use phagocytosis as means to obtain nutrients. The two main cells that do this are the Macrophages and the Neutrophils of the immune system.

Where phagocytosis is used as a means of feeding and provides the organism part or all of its nourishment, it is called phagotrophy and is distinguished from osmotrophy, which is nutrition taking place by absorption.
Belavtodor
Belavtodor holding (Belarusian: Холдынг «Белаўтадар»; Russian: Холдинг «Белавтодор») is a group of construction and industrial companies in Belarus, occupying a leading position in the market of complex construction, reconstruction and major repairs of transport infrastructure facilities. It also produces road construction equipment, road construction materials, reinforced concrete, steel and other products for the construction of roads and bridges. It is fully owned by the Government of Belarus through the State Property Committee of Belarus.

Government of Belarus
The Government of the Republic of Belarus (Belarusian: Урад Рэспублікі Беларусь, romanized: Urad Respubliki Byelarus), which consists of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus (Belarusian: Савет Міністраў Рэспублікі Беларусь, romanized: Savyet Ministraw Respubliki Byelarus), is the executive branch of state power in Belarus, and is appointed by the President of Belarus. The head of the Government is the Prime Minister of Belarus, who manages the main agenda of the government and direct the ministers.
Cagles Crossing, Mississippi
Cagles Crossing is an unincorporated community located in Coahoma County, Mississippi, United States. Cagles Crossing is located on Dog Walk Road, approximately 4 miles (6.4 km) north of Rome and approximately 5 miles (8.0 km) south of Dublin.

Cagles Crossing is included in the 11th District of Mississippi Circuit Court.

Coahoma County, Mississippi
Coahoma County is a county located in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2020 census, the population was 21,390. Its county seat is Clarksdale. The Clarksdale, MS Micropolitan Statistical Area includes all of Coahoma County. It is located in the Mississippi Delta region of Mississippi. In 2023, the Clarksdale, Mississippi Micropolitan area was added to form the new Memphis-Clarksdale-Forrest City Combined Statistical Area. The Memphis-Clarksdale-Forrest City Combined Statistical Area has a population of roughly 1.4 million.
Eivind Astrup
Eivind Astrup (Norwegian: [ˈæ̂ɪvɪn ˈɑ̂strʉp]; 17 September 1871 – 27 December 1895) was a Norwegian explorer and writer.  Astrup participated in Robert Peary's expedition to Greenland in 1891–92 and mapped northern Greenland. In the follow-up Greenland expedition by Peary during 1893–94 he explored and mapped Melville Bay on the north-west coast of Greenland.  Among his works is Blandt Nordpolens Naboer from 1895 (English edition With Peary near the Pole, 1898). He was awarded the Knight of the Order of St. Olav in 1892.

Astrup is credited for introducing the combination of dog sleds and skis, which came to revolutionize polar expeditions.

Dog sled
A dog sled or dog sleigh is a sled pulled by one or more sled dogs used to travel over ice and through snow, a practice known as mushing. Numerous types of sleds are used, depending on their function. They can be used for dog sled racing. Traditionally in Greenland and the eastern Canadian Arctic the Inuit had the dogs pull in a fan shape in front of the sled, while in other regions, such as Alaska and the western part of Northern Canada the dogs pull side by side in pairs.
Rear-Admiral Eustațiu Sebastian-class corvette
The Rear-Admiral Eustațiu Sebastian-class corvette (also known as the Tetal-II or Modified Tetal class by NATO) is a series of two corvettes used by the Romanian Naval Forces for Black Sea duty. They have a displacement of 1,385 tonnes, a helicopter aft, and as main armament a 76 mm gun, torpedo tubes and anti-submarine warfare rocket launchers.

These ships are updated versions of the Admiral Petre Bărbuneanu (Tetal-I)-class corvette.

Naval artillery
Naval artillery is artillery mounted on a warship, originally used only for naval warfare and then subsequently used for more specialized roles in surface warfare such as naval gunfire support (NGFS) and anti-aircraft warfare (AAW) engagements. The term generally refers to powder-launched projectile-firing weapons and excludes self-propelled projectiles such  as torpedoes, rockets, and missiles and those simply dropped overboard such  as depth charges and naval mines.
Treaty of Westminster (1462)
The Treaty of Westminster (or the Treaty of Westminster-Ardtornish) was signed on 13 February 1462 between Edward IV of England of the House of York and the Scottish John of Islay, Earl of Ross, Lord of the Isles. The agreement proposed that if Scotland was conquered by England, the lands north of the Scottish sea (the Firth of Forth) would be divided between the Lord of the Isles and the Earl of Douglas to be held from the crown of England, while the Earl of Douglas would hold Scotland south of the Firth.

Firth of Forth
The Firth of Forth (Scottish Gaelic: Linne Foirthe) is a bay in Scotland, an inlet of the North Sea that separates Fife to its north and Lothian to its south. Further inland, it becomes the estuary of the River Forth and several other rivers.
Ana Marinovic
Ana Reed (born Ana Marinovic, 1980 in Geelong, Australia) is CEO of Newmanity® and former Croatian professional women's basketball player and businesswoman. She played the power forward position for women-division clubs in Croatia and Australia.

Women's basketball
Women's basketball is the team sport of basketball played by women. It was first played in 1892, one year after men's basketball, at Smith College in Massachusetts. It spread across the United States, in large parts via women's college competitions, and has since spread globally. As of 2020, basketball is one of the most popular and fastest growing sports in the world.

There are multiple professional leagues and tournaments for professional women basketball players. The main North American league is the WNBA. The FIBA Women's Basketball World Cup and Women's Olympic Basketball Tournament feature top national teams from continental championships. In the US, the NCAA Women's Division I Basketball Championship is also popular. The strongest European women's basketball clubs participate in the EuroLeague Women.
Jean-Baptiste Grivel
Jean-Baptiste Grivel (29 August 1778 – 10 September 1869) was a rear admiral in the French Navy and naval writer. His son, Baron Louis Antoine Richild Grivel (1827–1882), also rose to the rank of vice admiral. In 1832, he published Considerations navales en reponse a la brochure de Monsiuer de Pradt, one of the earliest writers to attempt to grasp the overall concept of maritime power.

Maritime power
A maritime power (sometimes a naval power) is a nation with a very strong navy, which often is also a great power, or at least a regional power. A maritime power is able to easily control their coast, and exert influence upon both nearby and far countries. A nation that dominates the world navally is known as a maritime superpower.
Many countries that become maritime powers become strong to defend themselves from an extant threat, as the USSR did during the Cold War to defend itself from the United States Navy. In that scenario, it is common for the emerging maritime power to focus largely upon area denial tactics, rather than power projection.

Maritime powers are much more involved in global politics and trade than other powers.
Telford FM
107.4 Telford FM was an Independent Local Radio station broadcasting in Telford, Shropshire and the surrounding areas of Bridgnorth and Newport from 3 May 1999 until 20 September 2010.

In 2010, the station was later renamed as 'The Severn' to match their sister station and it began to broadcast for more areas in Shropshire. The management and studio location stayed the same during this time.

Bridgnorth
Bridgnorth is a market town and civil parish in Shropshire, England,  named after a bridge over the River Severn. The river divides the town into High Town and Low Town, the upper town on its right bank and the lower on its left bank. The population at the 2011 Census was 12,079.
Tokyo Groove
Tokyo Groove is the fourth album by the female Japanese hip-hop unit Halcali. The album is their first in over three years.

The album is a two-disc set. The first disc is compiled with new and original material, the second disc contains cover and collaboration songs. The lead song of the second disc "My Sweet Darlin'" features the original artist, Hitomi Yaida, herself on the track as well.

Artists and producers that Halcali worked with on the album include Verbal (m-flo), Scha Dara Parr, Nona Reeves, Bikke, Suneohair, Ram Rider, and Aigon. Artists that Halcali collaborated with or covered on the second disc include Judy and Mary, Chara, Tokyo No.1 Soul Set, Tamio Okuda, and The Magokoro Brothers.

Tokyo Groove reached number 13 on the Oricon charts, and made its weekly ranking debut at number 20.

Suneohair
Suneohair (スネオヘアー, Suneoheā) is the performing name of Kenji Watanabe. He is best known in the West for his contributions to the soundtrack of the anime adaptation of Honey & Clover and Honey and Clover II, for which he provided the ending themes "Waltz" (ワルツ) and "Split" (スプリット).  He has also provided the ending themes for Arakawa Under the Bridge and Arakawa Under the Bridge x Bridge, namely "Sakasama Bridge" (逆様ブリッジ) and "Akai Coat" (赤いコート) respectively. More recently, he provided the ending theme to the Anime Sukitte Ii na yo, "Slow Dance".
Otterøy Church
Otterøy Church (Norwegian: Otterøy kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Namsos Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located in the village of Skomsvoll on the island of Otterøya. It is the church for the Otterøy parish which is part of the Namdal prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nidaros. The white, wooden church was built in an octagonal shape with a style reminiscent of the old stave churches. The building was constructed in 1858 using plans drawn up by the architect Christian Heinrich Grosch. The church seats about 350 people.

Diocese of Nidaros
Nidaros is a diocese in the Lutheran Church of Norway. It covers Trøndelag county in Central Norway and its cathedral city is Trondheim, which houses the well-known Nidaros Cathedral.  Since 10 September 2017, the Bishop of Nidaros is Herborg Finnset.  The bishop preses, currently Olav Fykse Tveit is also based at the Nidaros Cathedral.  The diocese is divided into nine deaneries (prosti).  While the bishop preses holds episcopal responsibility within the Nidaros domprosti (deanery) in Trondheim, the bishop of Nidaros holds episcopal authority of the other eight deaneries as well as the language based parish of the Southern Sámi.
Asian barred owlet
The Asian barred owlet (Glaucidium cuculoides), also known as the cuckoo owlet, is a species of pygmy owl native to the forests and shrublands of mainland Southeast Asia to the foothills of the Himalayas of northern Pakistan. It is a smaller owl, measuring 22–25 cm (8.7–9.8 in), making it one of the larger pygmy owls. They are primarily insectivorous but will eat lizards, small rodents and birds as well.

Northern Pakistan
Northern Pakistan (Urdu: شمالی پاکستان ALA-LC: śimālī Pākistān) is a tourism region in the northern and north-western parts of Pakistan, comprising the administrative units of Gilgit-Baltistan (formerly known as Northern Areas), Azad Kashmir, Malakand and Hazara Division in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Islamabad Capital Territory and the Murree District in Punjab. The first two territories are Pakistani-administered sectors of the wider Kashmir region. Northern Pakistan is a mountainous region straddling the Himalayas, Karakoram and the Hindu Kush mountain ranges, containing  many of the highest peaks in the world and some of the longest glaciers outside polar regions. Northern Pakistan accounts for a high level of Pakistan's tourism industry.
Joshua Butler
Joshua Butler is an American film and television director, producer and screenwriter best known for directing the 2001 film Prancer Returns and multiple episodes of many hit series including The Vampire Diaries. He is the founder of Iceblink Films, a movie production company based in the greater Los Angeles area.

Twisted (TV series)
Twisted (stylized as twiƨted) is an American teen drama mystery-thriller television series. The pilot episode aired on March 19, 2013, and the show's remaining 10 episodes resumed airing on June 18, 2013.

On July 30, 2013, Twisted was picked up for a full season of 19 episodes and the second half of season one started airing on February 11, 2014. The season finale aired on April 1, 2014.

On August 13, 2014, ABC Family announced that Twisted would not be renewed for a second season.
Soda blasting
Soda blasting is a mild form of abrasive blasting in which sodium bicarbonate particles are blasted against a surface using compressed air. It has a much milder abrasive effect than sandblasting. An early use was in the conservation-restoration of the Statue of Liberty in the 1980s.

Soda blasting is a non-destructive method for many applications in cleaning, paint and varnish stripping, automotive restoration, industrial equipment maintenance, rust removal, graffiti removal, molecular steel passivation against rust, oil removal by saponification and translocation, masonry cleaning and restoration, soot remediation, boat hull cleaning and for food processing facilities and equipment and tooth cleaning at the dental laboratory.

Conservation-restoration of the Statue of Liberty
The Statue of Liberty (Liberty Enlightening the World), a colossal sculpture on Liberty Island in New York Harbor, underwent an extensive conservation-restoration between 1984 and 1986, in advance of its centennial. The statue, designed by French sculptor Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi, is part of the Statue of Liberty National Monument. International attention to the Statue of Liberty's poor state was called upon the restoration of similarly-built Aimé Millet's Vercingétorix statue in eastern France. Much of the Statue of Liberty restoration effort was based on unprecedented restorative methods, as metallurgical repair work on such a large scale had never been attempted. Many scientists, engineers, government organizations, and professional consultants evaluated and dealt with the various problems and tasks facing the restoration effort.

The restored statue was reopened during Liberty Weekend, its 100-year anniversary celebration held July 3–6, 1986.
COVID-19 pandemic in Réunion
The COVID-19 pandemic in Reunión was a part of the pandemic of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that was caused by the Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) and which was confirmed to have reached the French overseas department and region of Réunion on 11 March 2020. On 20 May 2020, the first death was announced.

Jacques Billant
Jacques Billant (French pronunciation: [ʒak bijɑ̃]; born January 1960) is a French civil servant who has been the High Commissioner of the Republic in New Caledonia since 2025. Prior to his tenure in New Caledonia, he held the position of prefect in several departments, including Ariège, Dordogne, Guadeloupe, Puy-de-Dôme, Réunion, and Pas-de-Calais. He was an officer in the French Army, where he trained engineering corps commanders.
Jokduri
A jokduri (Korean: 족두리) is a type of traditional Korean coronet worn by women for special occasions such as weddings. Also known as a jokdu or jokgwan, it consists of an outer crown covered with black silk, and an inner which is filled with cotton and hard paper. Its top is decorated with cloisonné ornaments. The upper part is vaguely hexagonal and the bottom is cylindrical. The form of the jokduri gets narrower towards its base.

Jokduri can be used to display the wearer's social status by being adorned with accessories made from gold or silver.

Cylinder
A cylinder (from Greek  κύλινδρος (kúlindros) 'roller, tumbler') has traditionally been a three-dimensional solid, one of the most basic of curvilinear geometric shapes. In elementary geometry, it is considered a prism with a circle as its base.

A cylinder may also be defined as an infinite curvilinear surface in various modern branches of geometry and topology. The shift in the basic meaning—solid versus surface (as in a solid ball versus sphere surface)—has created some ambiguity with terminology. The two concepts may be distinguished by referring to solid cylinders and cylindrical surfaces. In the literature the unadorned term "cylinder" could refer to either of these or to an even more specialized object, the right circular cylinder.
Montelongo
Montelongo is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Campobasso in the Italian region Molise, located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) northeast of Campobasso.

Montelongo borders the following municipalities: Bonefro, Montorio nei Frentani, Rotello, Santa Croce di Magliano.

Molise
Molise (UK: /mɒˈliːzeɪ/ mol-EE-zay, US: /ˈmoʊlizeɪ, moʊˈliːzeɪ/ MOH-lee-zay, moh-LEE-zay;Italian: [moˈliːze]) is an administrative region of Italy that covers 4,460.65 km2 (1,722 sq mi), thus being the second smallest region in the country after Aosta Valley; it is located in southern Italy, and has a population of 287,966 as of 2025. Its regional capital is Campobasso, which is also the capital of the Province of Campobasso, one of the two provinces that make up Molise. The other one is the Province of Isernia.

The region was born in 1963 from the division with Abruzzo, with which it formed the region of Abruzzi e Molise.

Molise's small size and relative obscurity led it to become the subject of a popular meme "Molise doesn't exist".
Dayanand S. Nadkarni
Dayanand Sarveshwar Nadkarni (1910–2000) was an activist, a freedom fighter, and a Member of the legislative assembly to the Karnataka State, Bangalore during 1967-1971 (from Ankola Constituency as a Praja Socialist Party candidate), when Veerendra Patil was the Chief Minister of the Karnataka state. Nadkarni was also the founder member of The Kanara Welfare Trust.

Veerendra Patil
Veerendra Basappa Patil (Kannada: ವೀರೇಂದ್ರ ಪಾಟೀಲ್; 28 February 1924 – 14 March 1997) was a senior Indian politician and was twice, the Chief Minister of Karnataka. He became Chief Minister for the first time from 1968–1971 and the second time was almost 18 years later, from 1989–1990.
Acarospora stapfiana
Acarospora stapfiana, the hoary cobblestone lichen, is a lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) lichen species in the family Acarosporaceae. It is known for its parasitic relationship with members of the genus Caloplaca.  The species has a unique life cycle in which it starts as a juvenile non-lichenised fungus before forming a fully lichenised thallus. It is found in Asia and North America, where it grows on calcareous rocks.

Acarosporaceae
The Acarosporaceae are a family of fungi in the order Acarosporales. Members of this family have a widespread distribution, and are mostly lichenized with green algae. According to a 2021 estimate, the family contains 11 genera and about 260 species. The family is characterised by a hamathecium formed of paraphysoids (hyphal structures similar in function to true paraphyses, but often branched and forming a network).
The Witch (play)
The Witch is a Jacobean play, a tragicomedy written by Thomas Middleton. The play was acted by the King's Men at the Blackfriars Theatre. It is thought to have been written between 1613 and 1616; it was not printed in its own era, and existed only in manuscript until it was published by Isaac Reed in 1778.

Isaac Reed
Isaac Reed (1 January 1742 – 5 January 1807) was an English writer and Shakespearean scholar. He is best known for collaborating with Samuel Johnson and George Steevens to edit The Plays of William Shakespeare and publishing a critical edition.