hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Digital divide
The digital divide is unequal access to and effective use of digital technology, encompassing four interrelated dimensions: motivational, material, skills, and usage access.

The digital divide worsens inequality in access to information and resources. In the Information Age, people without access to the Internet and other technology are at a disadvantage, for they are less able to connect with others, find and apply for jobs, shop, and learn.

People living in poverty, in insecure housing or who are homeless, elderly people, and those living in rural communities may have limited access to the Internet; in contrast, urban middle class people have easy access to the Internet. Another divide is between producers and consumers of Internet content, which could be a result of educational disparities. While social media use varies across age groups, a US 2010 study reported no racial divide.

National Telecommunications and Information Administration
The National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) is a bureau of the United States Department of Commerce that serves as the president's principal adviser on telecommunications policies pertaining to the United States' economic and technological advancement and to regulation of the telecommunications industry.
Frieda Fromm-Reichmann Cottage
The Frieda Fromm-Reichmann Cottage is a historic house located at 19 Thomas Street in Rockville, Montgomery County, Maryland.  It was built in 1936 to house the residence and professional office of Frieda Fromm-Reichmann, one of the leading psychoanalysts at the Chestnut Lodge psychiatric hospital, on whose grounds it stood.  Fromm-Reichmann (1899-1957) was influential in the development of interpersonal psychoanalysis and its use in the treatment of schizophrenia.  The cottage was designated a National Historic Landmark in 2021.

Rockville, Maryland
Rockville is a city in and the county seat of Montgomery County, Maryland, United States, and is part of the Washington metropolitan area. The 2020 census tabulated Rockville's population at 67,117, making it the fourth-largest incorporated city in Maryland.

Rockville, along with neighboring Gaithersburg and Bethesda, is at the core of the Interstate 270 Technology Corridor which is home to numerous software and biotechnology companies as well as several federal government institutions. The city, one of the major retail hubs in Montgomery County, has several upscale regional shopping centers.
No Man's Land, Cornwall
50°22′59″N 4°25′41″W﻿ / ﻿50.383°N 4.428°W﻿ / 50.383; -4.428

No Man's Land is a crossroads hamlet in south-east Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is situated approximately two miles (3 km) northeast of Looe on the B3253 road to Widegates.

An annual weekend event called Morval Vintage Steam Rally, which raises funds for local charities, takes place at Bray Farm in No Man's Land

Widegates
50°23′38″N 4°24′36″W﻿ / ﻿50.394°N 4.410°W﻿ / 50.394; -4.410

Widegates (Cornish: Porthledan) is a village in south-east Cornwall, England, UK, about 4 miles north of Looe. It is on the A387 road about two miles west of Hessenford.

The centre of the village lacks any sort of local amenity but there is a nearby farm shop on its outskirts. Widegates has a population of approximately 500.
Eryngium mathiasiae
Eryngium mathiasiae is a species of flowering plant in the family Apiaceae known by the common name Mathias' eryngo, or Mathias' button celery.

The plant was named for American botanist Mildred Esther Mathias of California.

It is endemic to the Modoc Plateau of northeastern California, where it grows in the vernal pools of the local river drainages, and other wet areas such as ditches.

Apiaceae
Apiaceae (/ˌeɪpiˈeɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/ ⓘ), also called Umbelliferae, is a family of mostly aromatic flowering plants named after the type genus Apium, and commonly known as the celery, carrot, or parsley family, or simply as umbellifers. It is the 16th-largest family of flowering plants, with more than 3,800 species in about 446 genera, including such well-known, and economically important plants as ajwain, angelica, anise, asafoetida, caraway, carrot, celery, chervil, coriander, cumin, dill, fennel, lovage, cow parsley, parsley, parsnip and sea holly, as well as silphium, a plant whose exact identity is unclear and which may be extinct.

The family Apiaceae includes a significant number of phototoxic species, such as giant hogweed, and a smaller number of highly poisonous species, such as poison hemlock, water hemlock, spotted cowbane, fool's parsley, and various species of water dropwort.
Fultonville, New York
Fultonville is a village in Montgomery County, New York, United States. The village is named after Robert Fulton, inventor of the steamboat. As of the 2020 census, the village had a population of 742.

Fultonville is on the south bank of the Mohawk River in the town of Glen. It is west of the city of Amsterdam.

In 2019, the area of the village that had been developed in the 19th and early 20th centuries was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Fultonville Historic District, in recognition of its well-preserved architecture from its original settlement, the era centering around the development of the Erie Canal and afterwards.

Montgomery County, New York
Montgomery County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 49,532. The county seat is Fonda. The county was named in honor of Richard Montgomery, an American Revolutionary War general killed in 1775 at the Battle of Quebec. The county is part of the Mohawk Valley region of the state.

The county is part of the Albany-Schenectady-Troy combined statistical area.

Historically occupied by the Mohawk people, one of the original Five Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy, the county was created in 1772 during the period of British colonial rule as Tryon County. In 1784, after the Americans gained independence in the War, it was renamed Montgomery County for one of the heroes.

Montgomery County comprises the Amsterdam, NY micropolitan statistical area. The county borders the north and south banks of the Mohawk River.
Active redundancy
Active redundancy is a design concept that increases operational availability and that reduces operating cost by automating most critical maintenance actions.

This concept is related to condition-based maintenance and fault reporting.

Operating cost
Operating costs or operational costs, are the expenses which are related to the operation of a business, or to the operation of a device, component, piece of equipment or facility. They are the cost of resources used by an organization just to maintain its existence.
1907 Perth by-election
The 1907 Perth by-election was held on 12 February 1907. The by-election was held due to the resignation of the incumbent Liberal MP, Robert Wallace, in order to become Chairman of the County of London sessions. It was won by the Liberal candidate Sir Robert Pullar, who was unopposed. Pullar was then aged 79 years (less six days), making his possibly the oldest debut of a British MP in the 20th century.

Robert Wallace (Perth MP)
Sir Robert Wallace KC (1850 – 19 March 1939) was an Irish-born barrister and Liberal Party politician.

He was born in County Antrim, the 3rd son of Rev. Robert Wallace of Dublin, and was educated at Queen's University, Belfast.

He was admitted to the Middle Temple on 8 November 1871 and was Called to the Bar on 6 June 1874. He contested Wandsworth in 1885, Edinburgh West in 1886, and Renfrewshire West in 1892 before being elected as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Perth at the 1895 general election. He held the seat until 1907, when he resigned his seat to become Chairman of the County of London sessions, a post which he held until 1931.

He was knighted in 1916.
Eierpunsch
Eierpunsch (lit. 'egg punch') is the German name given to a warm, sweetened alcoholic, egg-based drink similar to eggnog. It is commonly a winter drink and can be found served in the popular Christmas markets of Germany and Austria. Eierpunsch is made with egg yolks, sugar, white wine and vanilla. Sometimes cream or custard can be added.

Eggs as food
Humans and other hominids have consumed eggs for millions of years. The most widely consumed eggs are those of fowl, especially chickens. People in Southeast Asia began harvesting chicken eggs for food by 1500 BCE. Eggs of other birds, such as ducks and ostriches, are eaten regularly but much less commonly than those of chickens. People may also eat the eggs of reptiles, amphibians, and fish. Fish eggs consumed as food are known as roe or caviar.

Hens and other egg-laying creatures are raised throughout the world, and mass production of chicken eggs is a global industry. In 2009, an estimated 62.1 million metric tons of eggs were produced worldwide from a total laying flock of approximately 6.4 billion hens. There are issues of regional variation in demand and expectation, as well as current debates concerning methods of mass production. In 2012, the European Union banned battery husbandry of chickens.
Michael Aastrup Jensen
Michael Aastrup Jensen (born 16 March 1976) is the Danish ambassador to the Council of Europe (CoE). He is a former politician, a member of the Folketing for the political party Venstre and the former chairman of the Foreign Policy Committee. He was elected into parliament at the 2005 Danish general election.

2005 Danish general election
General elections were held in Denmark on 8 February 2005. Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen's Venstre remained the largest party in the Folketing and his governing coalition with the Conservative People's Party remained intact, with the Danish People's Party providing the parliamentary support needed for the minority government. The Danish Social Liberal Party made the biggest gains of any party, although it remained outside the governing group of parties. The elections marked the second time in a row that the Social Democrats were not the largest party in parliament, a change from most of the 20th century. The Social Democrats lost five seats and leader Mogens Lykketoft resigned immediately after the elections. Voter turnout was 85% in Denmark proper, 73% in the Faroe Islands and 59% in Greenland.
Abdulkadir Sheikh Ali Baghdadi
Abdulkadir Sheikh Ali Baghdadi is a Somali politician. He is the former Minister of Religious Affairs of Somalia, having been appointed to the position on 6 February 2015 by the former Prime Minister Omar Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke.

Omar Sharmarke
Omar Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke (pronunciationⓘ; Somali: Cumar Cabdirashiid Cali Sharmaarke, Arabic: عمر شرماركي) (born 18 June 1960), popularly known as Omar Sharmarke, is a Somali diplomat and politician. From 2009 to 2010, he was the Prime Minister of Somalia. He subsequently briefly served as Somalia's Ambassador to the United States in 2014. In December 2014, Sharmarke was reappointed Prime Minister of Somalia. His term ended on 1 March 2017, and he was replaced by Hassan Ali Khaire.
Annie Jacobsen
Annie Jacobsen (born June 28, 1967) is an American investigative journalist, author, and a 2016 Pulitzer Prize finalist. She writes for and produces television programs, including Tom Clancy's Jack Ryan for Amazon Studios, and Clarice for CBS. She was a contributing editor to the Los Angeles Times Magazine from 2009 until 2012.

Jacobsen writes about war, weapons, security, and secrets. Jacobsen is best known as the author of the 2011 non-fiction book Area 51: An Uncensored History of America's Top Secret Military Base, which The New York Times called "cauldron-stirring." She is an internationally acclaimed and sometimes controversial author who, according to one critic, writes sensational books by addressing popular conspiracies.

Los Angeles Times Magazine
The Los Angeles Times Magazine (also shortened to just LA) was a monthly magazine which supplemented the Sunday edition of the Los Angeles Times newspaper on the first Sunday of the month. The magazine focused on stories and photos of people, places, style, and other cultural affairs occurring in Los Angeles and its surrounding cities and communities. The Los Angeles Times Magazine was the successor to West Magazine, and was published between 2000 and 2012.
Haleh Sahabi
Haleh Sahabi (Persian: هاله سحابی, 4 February 1958 – 1 June 2011) was an Iranian humanitarian and democracy activist. She was the daughter of former Iranian MP and veteran opposition figure Ezzatollah Sahabi, and the granddaughter of Yadollah Sahabi. She died at her father's funeral from cardiac arrest, the cause of her cardiac arrest however is disputed.

Center for Human Rights in Iran
The Center for Human Rights in Iran (CHRI; formerly the International Campaign for Human Rights in Iran, ICHRI) is an American non-government organization that aims to promote human rights in Iran.

The group started in late 2007 when several human rights activists working for the Dutch non-governmental organization 'Foundation for Human Security in the Middle East' wished to focus on the situation in Iran.
Nurkot
Nurkot (also spelled Noorkot, Urdu: نورکوٹ) is a Pakistani town. It is located on the western bank of the Nullah Baein torrent, around 5 km southwest of Shakargarh city in Shakargarh Tehsil, of Narowal District, Punjab, Pakistan, at an elevation of 258 meters,

Nullah
A nullah or nala (Hindustani or "nallah" in Punjabi) is an 'arm of the sea', stream, or watercourse, a steep narrow valley. Like the wadi of the Arabs, the nullah is characteristic of mountainous or hilly country where there is little rainfall.

In the drier parts of India and Pakistan, and in many parts of Australia, there are small steep-sided valleys penetrating the hills, clothed with rough brushwood or small trees growing in the stony soil. During occasional heavy rains, torrents rush down the nullahs and quickly disappear. There is little local action upon the sides, while the bed is lowered, and consequently these valleys are narrow and steep. In cities on the Delhi plain in India, nullahs are concrete or brick-lined ditches about 3 metres (10 ft) deep and 6 metres (20 ft) wide, used to divert monsoon rain away from the cities.

Encroachment into nullahs is a significant problem in many South Asian cities, since it hampers the drainage of stormwater and can exacerbate floods.
Dunwich Dynamo
The Dunwich Dynamo (sometimes abbreviated to "Dun Run" or "DD") is an annual semi-organised, through-the-night bicycle ride from London Fields park in Hackney, London, England to Dunwich on the Suffolk coast.  The distance is approximately 180km (112 miles).

The ride takes place overnight, hence "Dynamo".  It is usually scheduled to take place on the Saturday night closest to the full moon in July, partly for tradition but also because it is easier to ride by moonlight. The date for DD20 was moved to 30 June/1 July 2012 to avoid clashing with the Olympics. The 2020 edition was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Bicycle lighting
Bicycle lighting is illumination attached to bicycles whose purpose above all is, along with reflectors, to improve the visibility of the bicycle and its rider to other road users under circumstances of poor ambient illumination. A secondary purpose is to illuminate reflective materials such as cat's eyes and traffic signs. A third purpose may be to illuminate the roadway so that the rider can see the way ahead. Serving the latter purposes require much more luminous flux and thus more power.

Many jurisdictions require one or more bicycle lights to be fitted to bicycles ridden at night — generally a white light in the front and a red light at the back, like with other vehicles.
Helder Proença
Helder Proença (died June 5, 2009) was a Guinea-Bissauan politician who served as Minister of Defense of Guinea-Bissau during the administration of President João Bernardo Vieira.

On June 5, 2009, Proença, who was a member of the National People's Assembly at the time, was shot and killed by government security forces on a road connecting the northern town of Bula and with Bissau, the capital city of Guinea-Bissau. Baciro Dabó, a politician and presidential candidate in the June 2009 presidential election, was also killed by government soldiers on the same day. A third politician, former Prime Minister Faustino Imbali, was also arrested. Proença's driver and bodyguard were also killed in the attack.

In a statement, the Interior Ministry of Guinea-Bissau accused Proença, Dabó and Embali of being part of the alleged coup plot.

Portugal's state-run news agency, Lusa, reported that Proenca's body was taken to the morgue at the Simao Mendes Hospital in Bissau following his killing.

Shooting
Shooting is the act or process of discharging a projectile from a ranged weapon (such as a gun, bow, crossbow, slingshot, or blowpipe). Even the acts of launching flame, artillery, darts, harpoons, grenades, rockets, and guided missiles can be considered acts of shooting.  When using a firearm, the act of shooting is often called firing as it involves initiating a combustion (deflagration) of chemical propellants.

Shooting can take place in a shooting range or in the field, in shooting sports, hunting, or in combat.  The person involved in the shooting activity is called a shooter.  A skilled, accurate shooter is a marksman or sharpshooter, and a person's level of shooting proficiency is referred to as their marksmanship.
Thunderbolt (interface)
Thunderbolt is the brand name of a hardware interface for the connection of external peripherals to a computer. It was developed by Intel in collaboration with Apple. It was initially marketed under the name Light Peak, and first sold as part of an end-user product on 24 February 2011.

Thunderbolt combines PCI Express (PCIe) and DisplayPort (DP) into two serial signals and provides DC power via a single cable. Up to six peripherals may be supported by a single connector through various topologies. Thunderbolt 1 and 2 use the same connector as Mini DisplayPort (MDP), whereas Thunderbolt 3, 4, and 5 use the USB-C connector and support USB devices.

Peripheral
A peripheral  device, or simply peripheral, is an auxiliary hardware device that a computer uses to transfer information externally. A peripheral is a hardware component that is accessible to and controlled by a computer but is not a core component of the computer. It can communicate with a computer through wired or wireless connections. Many modern electronic devices, such as Internet-enabled digital watches, video game consoles, smartphones, and tablet computers, have interfaces for use as a peripheral.

Mouses and keyboards became the standard for computer peripheral input devices in the 1970s, while memory storage devices continued to be developed in new ways. Output devices, such as monitors, began as cathode rays, before switching to LCD monitors in the 1980s.
Miss Europe 1972
Miss Europe 1972 was the 35th edition of the Miss Europe pageant and the 24th edition under the Mondial Events Organization. It was held at the Casino of Estoril in Estoril, Portugal on 21 June 1972. Monika Sarp of Germany, was crowned Miss Europe 1972 by outgoing titleholder Filiz Vural of Turkey.

Filiz Vural
Filiz Vural (born 1953) is a former Turkish beauty contestant and Miss Europe 1971.

She participated at a beauty pageant organized by the newspaper Hürriyet, and won the title Miss Turkey 1970.  The next year, she represented her country at the Miss Europe beauty contest held in Tunis, Tunisia, and was crowned Miss Europe on September 18, 1971.

She married Engin Çağlar, a former film actor, in 1972.
Streptanthus barbiger
Streptanthus barbiger is a species of flowering plant in the mustard family known by the common name bearded jewelflower. It is endemic to California, where it is limited to the North Coast Ranges. It grows in woodlands and chaparral habitat, often on serpentine soils. It is an annual herb producing a branching stem up to about 80 centimeters in maximum height. Leaves near the base of the stem are lance-shaped to oval and pointed, usually with toothed edges, the blades measuring up to 7 centimeters long. Leaves higher on the stem may be longer but are narrower and have smooth edges. Flowers occur at intervals along the upper stem. Each has a spherical to urn-shaped calyx of greenish yellow or purple sepals under a centimeter long. Whitish or purple-tinged petals up to a centimeter long emerge from the tip. The fruit is a long, flat, curving silique which may be 7 centimeters in length.

Chaparral
Chaparral (/ˌʃæpəˈræl, ˌtʃæp-/ SHAP-ə-RAL, CHAP-) is a shrubland plant community found primarily in California, southern Oregon, and northern Baja California, part of the California floristic province. It is shaped by a Mediterranean climate (mild wet winters and hot dry summers) and infrequent, high-intensity crown fires. Many chaparral shrubs have hard sclerophyllous evergreen leaves, as contrasted with the associated soft-leaved, drought-deciduous, scrub community of coastal sage scrub, found often on drier, southern-facing slopes.

Three other closely related chaparral shrubland systems occur in southern Arizona, western Texas, and along the eastern side of central Mexico's mountain chains, all having summer rains in contrast to the Mediterranean climate of other chaparral formations.
Igor Đaletić
Igor Đaletić (Montenegrin Cyrillic: Игор Ђалетић; born 27 September 1971) is a Montenegrin professional basketball coach and former player. He currently serves as an assistant coach for Yokohama B-Corsairs of the B.League.

Prva A Liga
The Prva A liga, for sponsorships reasons named the Erste Liga, is the top-tier professional basketball league in Montenegro. It is the highest basketball division organized by the Basketball Association of Montenegro (KSCG). It was established in 2006. shortly after Montenegro declared its independence from Serbia and Montenegro.

The league is sponsored by and named after Erste Bank. Currently, two clubs from the area are playing in the regional ABA League. The most successful club in the Prva A liga is Budućnost Podgorica, which has won 14 titles, after winning the 2022 championship.
Hacienda Brothers
The Hacienda Brothers is an American alternative country band composed of Chris Gaffney, Dave Gonzalez, Dave Berzansky, Dale Daniel, and Hank Maninger. They have been described as "the finest country rock band since the Flying Burrito Brothers in their prime," and were called "the best country band of the decade." Their music blends soul, blues, rockabilly, country, Tex-Mex and rock and roll. They themselves call it "western Soul." The band was hailed as making a "groundbreaking blend of country, rock, blues and accordion-anchored Americana" and by the time founder Chris Gaffney died in 2008 had made three studio albums and one live album.

Alternative country
Alternative country (commonly abbreviated to alt-country; insurgent country, Americana, or y'allternative) is a loosely defined subgenre of country music that includes acts that differ significantly in style from mainstream country music, mainstream country rock, and country pop. Most frequently, the term has been used to describe certain country music bands and artists that are also defined as or have incorporated influences from genres such as alternative rock, indie rock, punk rock, heartland rock, Southern rock, progressive country, outlaw country, neotraditional country, Texas country, Red Dirt, roots rock, indie folk, folk rock, rockabilly, bluegrass, and honky tonk.