hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Golden-plumed parakeet
The golden-plumed parakeet (Leptosittaca branickii) is a Neotropical parrot species within the family Psittacidae, belonging to the monotypic genus Leptosittaca. This somewhat Aratinga-like species is found in humid temperate highland forests, especially with Podocarpus, on the east Andean slope in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. It is generally local and uncommon. It is threatened by habitat loss. Clearing of high-altitude forests for agricultural reasons have greatly impacted the loss of habitat for this parakeet species. Further reduction of such habitats will continue to diminish the number of golden-plumed parakeets left in South America. It is the only known parakeet species that can detect ultraviolet radiation.

Aratinga
Aratinga is a genus of South American conures. Most are predominantly green, although a few are predominantly yellow or orange. They are social and commonly seen in groups in the wild. In Brazil, the popular name of several species usually is jandaia, sometimes written as jandaya in the scientific form.

Many species from this genus are popular pets, although being larger than the members of the genus Pyrrhura, they need a sizable aviary to thrive.
Cramster.com
Cramster.com was an educational technology website that provided online homework and textbook help for college and high school students in areas such as math, science, engineering, humanities, business, and writing. Cramster used a freemium model, allowing students to pay for or earn access to premium services. Founded in 2002 by Aaron Hawkey, Robert Angarita and Kavé Golabi, the company was headquartered in Pasadena, CA. In 2010, the company was acquired by Chegg.

Freemium
Freemium, a portmanteau of the words "free" and "premium", is a pricing strategy by which a basic product or service is provided free of charge, but money (a premium) is charged for additional features, services and virtual (online) or physical (offline) goods that expand the functionality of the free version of the software. This business model has been used in the software industry since the 1980s. A subset of this model used by the video game industry is called free-to-play.

The ethics of freemium, especially the free-to-play subset, were criticized by Touch Arcade and Business Insider in 2014 and 2015.
Giria pectinicornis
Giria is a monotypic moth genus of the family Erebidae erected by James Farish Malcolm Fawcett in 1916. Its only species, Giria pectinicornis, was first described by George Thomas Bethune-Baker in 1909. It is found from Liberia to Kenya

George Thomas Bethune-Baker
George Thomas Bethune-Baker (20 July 1857, in Birmingham – 1 December 1944, in Eastbourne) was an English entomologist who specialised in Lepidoptera, especially those in the family Lycaenidae of butterflies.

His collection is partly in the Museum of Zoology Cambridge University and partly in the Natural History Museum, London.
Juan Mezzich
Juan E. Mezzich (born  1945) was the president of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) from 2005 to 2008.
He currently works as the Professor of Psychiatry and Director at the Division of Psychiatric Epidemiology and International Center for Mental Health at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York University.

During his life he was awarded the Simón Bolivar Award of the American Psychiatric Association, Doctor Honoris Causal at Athens University (Greece), Cordoba University (Argentina), and University of Cluj-Napoca (Romania).
He also received an Honorary Professorship at Cayetano Heredia Peruvian University and the University of Belgrade.

Mezzich is author/coauthor of over 200 scientific journal articles and book chapters and wrote more than 20 books and monographs and is the Editor/coeditor of Psychopathology, Basel, and Psiquiatría y Salud Integral, New York. He is also an editorial board member of 12 other psychiatric journals in the Americas and Europe.

World Psychiatric Association
The World Psychiatric Association (WPA) is a nongovernmental organization in official relations with the World Health Organization (WHO). It brings together 135 national psychiatric societies from 177 countries, representing more than 200,000 psychiatrists worldwide, and convenes the World Congress of Psychiatry.
Poast Town, Ohio
Poast Town is an unincorporated community located in northeastern Madison Township, Butler County, Ohio, United States, on State Route 4, about one mile north of Middletown in Section 12 of T2R4 of the Congress Lands.  It was laid out in 1818 by Peter Post as the town of West Liberty.  A post office with the name Poast Town was established in 1848 but closed in 1934. Mail is provided through the Middletown post office, it is located in the Middletown telephone exchange.  It is in the Madison Local School District.

Middletown, Ohio
Middletown is a city in Butler and Warren counties in the U.S. state of Ohio. The population was 50,987 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Cincinnati metropolitan area in southwest Ohio, 29 miles (47 km) northeast of Cincinnati and 20 miles (32 km) southwest of Dayton.

Incorporated in 1833 and designated a city in 1886, Middletown was formed from parts of Lemon, Turtlecreek, and Franklin townships. It was home to AK Steel Holding Corporation, formerly known as Armco and founded in 1900, whose steel factory in Middletown still operates as part of Cleveland-Cliffs. The city also features Hook Field Municipal Airport, now serving only general aviation, and a regional campus of Miami University. In 1957, Middletown was named an All-America City.
Pashtun Kot District
Pashtun Kot is a district of Afghanistan, located in the centre of Faryab Province, south of the provincial capital Maymana. The district centre Pashtun Kot is a suburb of Maymana (35°54′42″N 64°47′12″E﻿ / ﻿35.91167°N 64.78667°E﻿ / 35.91167; 64.78667). The population is 277,000 (2002) with an ethnic composition of 65% Uzbeks and 30% Tajiks.

Between 24 April and 7 May 2014, flash flooding from heavy rainfall resulted in the destruction of public facilities, roads, and agricultural land.  Assessment findings reported 319 families in total were affected, six people died, 517 livestock were killed, 350 gardens were damaged/destroyed, and 524 jeribs of agricultural land was damaged/destroyed in Kata Qala, Nadir Abad, Nawe Khoshk, and Chakab.

Uzbeks
The Uzbeks (Uzbek: Oʻzbeklar; Ўзбеклар; اۉزبېکلر‎) are a Turkic ethnic group native to Central Asia, being the largest Turkic ethnic group in the area. They comprise the majority population of Uzbekistan, next to Tajiks and Karakalpak minorities, and also form minority groups in Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Russia, and China. Uzbek diaspora communities also exist in Turkey, Saudi Arabia, United States, Ukraine, Pakistan, and other countries.
1991 Campionati Internazionali di San Marino – Doubles
Vojtěch Flégl and Daniel Vacek were the defending champions, but both players chose to compete at Kitzbühel during the same week.

Jordi Arrese and Carlos Costa won the title by defeating Christian Miniussi and Diego Pérez 6–3, 3–6, 6–3 in the final.

Daniel Vacek
Daniel Vacek (born 1 April 1971) is a former tennis player from Czechoslovakia and the Czech Republic who turned professional in 1990. He reached the quarterfinals of the 1995 Paris Masters, the 1998 Canada Masters and the 1998 Cincinnati Masters, and achieved a career-high singles ranking of world No. 26 in January 1996.

Vacek represented his native country at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta where he was defeated in the second round. The right-hander won 25 career titles in doubles with various partners, including the French Open in 1996 and 1997, and the US Open in 1997 with Yevgeny Kafelnikov.
Grattan O'Connell
John Grattan O'Connell (October 27, 1902 – March 14, 1942) was an American professional football player and sportswriter. He played two seasons in the National Football League (NFL) from 1926 to 1927. He played for the Hartford Blues during the 1926 season and the Providence Steam Roller during the 1927 season.

Prior to his professional career, O'Connell played college football at Boston College. There he started every game of his four-year football career with the Eagles. O'Connell once blocked six kicks in a game while at BC and earned All-American honors during his junior year. He also played for the school's basketball team.

O'Connell was a cartoonist and contributed to The Heights while at Boston College. He was later a sportswriter for the Hartford Courant. O'Connell died on March 14, 1942, at his home in Simsbury, Connecticut.

In 1971, O'Connell was inducted into the Boston College Varsity Club Athletic Hall of Fame.

Sports journalism
Sports journalism is a form of writing that reports on sporting topics and competitions.

The appetite for sports resulted in sports-only media such as Sports Illustrated and ESPN. There are many different forms of sports journalism, ranging from play-by-play and game recaps to analysis and investigative journalism on important developments in the sport. Technology and the internet age has massively changed the sports journalism space as it is struggling with the same problems that the broader category of print journalism is struggling with, mainly not being able to cover costs due to falling subscriptions. New forms of internet blogging and tweeting in the current millennium have pushed the boundaries of sports journalism.
Three Siblings' Pudding Incident
The Three Siblings' Pudding Incident was a food safety and social controversy that took place in Taiwan between January 8 and 13, 2016.

The incident triggered widespread public reaction and discussion. By the time the controversy subsided, over 500 related posts had been made on the popular online forum PTT. Additionally, the incident garnered more than 100,000 comments on the official Facebook fan page of the pudding shop.

Public opinion
Public opinion, or popular opinion, is the collective opinion on a specific topic or voting intention relevant to society. It is the people's views on matters affecting them.

In the 21st century, public opinion is heavily influenced by the media; many studies have been undertaken which look at the different factors which influence public opinion. Politicians and other people concerned with public opinion often attempt to influence it using advertising or rhetoric. Opinion plays a vital role in uncovering some critical decisions. Sentiment analysis or opinion mining is a method used to mine the thoughts or feelings of the general population. One of the struggles of public opinion is how it can be influenced by misinformation.
San Benedetto Val di Sambro–Castiglione dei Pepoli railway station
San Benedetto Val di Sambro–Castiglione dei Pepoli (Italian: Stazione di San Benedetto Val di Sambro–Castiglione dei Pepoli) is a railway station in San Benedetto Val di Sambro, Italy. The station opened in 1934 and is located on the Bologna–Florence railway. Train services are operated by Trenitalia Tper.

The station is managed by Rete Ferroviaria Italiana (RFI), a subsidiary of Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane (FSI), Italy's state-owned rail company.

San Benedetto Val di Sambro
San Benedetto Val di Sambro (Medial Mountain Bolognese: San Bandàtt) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Bologna in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 35 kilometres (22 mi) southwest of Bologna.

The Italicus Express bombing and the Train 904 bombing happened at this location.
Montagu Private Equity
Montagu is a mid-market private equity firm. The primary investment focus of Montagu is on management buyouts of performing businesses with enterprise values typically ranging from €200 million to €1 billion.

Management buyout
A management buyout (MBO) is a form of acquisition in which a company's existing managers acquire a large part, or all, of the company, whether from a parent company or individual. Management and leveraged buyouts became noted phenomena of 1980s business economics and most frequently refer to leveraged transactions where managers take a company private. These transactions, while originating in the United States, later spread to the United Kingdom and throughout the rest of Europe. The venture capital industry has played a crucial role in the development of buyouts in Europe, especially in smaller deals in the UK, the Netherlands, and France.
Waltraud Meier
Waltraud Meier (born 9 January 1956) is a German retired dramatic soprano and mezzo-soprano singer. She is particularly known for her Wagnerian roles as Kundry, Isolde, Ortrud, Venus, Fricka, and Sieglinde, but has also had success in the French and Italian repertoire appearing as Eboli, Amneris, Carmen, and Santuzza. She resides in  Munich.

Meier has performed in the world's famed opera houses (including La Scala, Covent Garden, Metropolitan Opera, the Vienna State Opera, the Bavarian State Opera, Lyric Opera of Chicago, and Colón Theater). She performed Wagner at the Mecca of Wagner performance, the Bayreuth Festspielhaus. She has performed under the batons of conductors including Riccardo Muti, Daniel Barenboim, Claudio Abbado, James Levine, Lorin Maazel, Zubin Mehta, and Giuseppe Sinopoli. She has been named a "Kammersängerin" by both the Bavarian State Opera in Munich and the Vienna State Opera, and "Commandeur" of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres by the French Government.

Bayreuth Festspielhaus
The Bayreuth Festspielhaus or Bayreuth Festival Theatre (German: Bayreuther Festspielhaus, pronounced [baɪˈʁɔʏtɐ ˈfɛstʃpiːlˌhaʊs]) is an opera house north of Bayreuth, Germany, built by the 19th-century German composer Richard Wagner and dedicated solely to the performance of his stage works. It is the venue for the annual Bayreuth Festival, for which it was specifically conceived and built. Its official name is Richard-Wagner-Festspielhaus. It is the home of the Bayreuth Festival Orchestra.
Methanosphaera stadtmanae
Methanosphaera stadtmanae is a methanogen archaeon. It is a non-motile, Gram-positive, spherical-shaped organism that obtains energy by using hydrogen to reduce methanol to methane. It does not possess cytochromes and is part of the large intestine's biota.

Methanol
Methanol (also called methyl alcohol, wood alcohol, and wood spirit, amongst other names) is an organic chemical compound and the simplest aliphatic alcohol, with the chemical formula CH3OH (a methyl group linked to a hydroxyl group, often abbreviated as MeOH). It is a light, volatile, colorless and flammable liquid with a distinctive alcoholic odor similar to that of ethanol (potable alcohol), but is more acutely toxic than the latter.
Methanol acquired the name wood alcohol because it was once produced through destructive distillation of wood. Today, methanol is mainly produced industrially by hydrogenation of carbon monoxide.

Methanol consists of a methyl group linked to a polar hydroxyl group. With more than 20 million tons produced annually, it is used as a precursor to other commodity chemicals, including formaldehyde, acetic acid, methyl tert-butyl ether, methyl benzoate, anisole, peroxyacids, as well as a host of more specialized chemicals.
History of Leeds
Loidis, from which Leeds, Yorkshire derives its name, was anciently a forested area of the Celtic kingdom of Elmet. The settlement certainly existed at the time of the Norman conquest of England and in 1086 was a thriving manor under the overlordship of Ilbert de Lacy. It gained its first charter from Maurice de Gant in 1207 yet only grew slowly throughout the medieval and Tudor periods. The town had become part of the Duchy of Lancaster and reverted to the crown in the medieval period, so was a Royalist stronghold at the start of the English Civil War.

In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries Leeds prospered and expanded as a centre of the woollen industry and it continued to expand rapidly in the Industrial Revolution. Following a period of post industrial decline in the mid twentieth century Leeds' prosperity revived with the development of tertiary industrial sectors.

Thomas Dunham Whitaker
Thomas Dunham Whitaker (8 June 1759 – 18 December 1821) was an English clergyman and topographer who was Vicar of Whalley, from 1809 and Blackburn, from 1818. He undertook landscape improvements in the Cliviger area, and oversaw the planting of approximately half a million trees between 1785 and 1815, winning the gold medal of the Society of Arts for planting 64,000 larches in one year.
Sun-Pat
Sun-Pat is a UK brand of peanut butter founded in 1946 by H S Whiteside, a family run firm, from their factory in Parkhouse Street, Camberwell, London. Sun-Pat is now owned by American company Hain Celestial Group.

Camberwell
Camberwell (/ˈkæmbərwɛl/ KAM-bər-wel) is an area of South London, England, in the London Borough of Southwark, 2+3⁄4 miles (4.5 kilometres) southeast of Charing Cross.

Camberwell was first a village associated with the church of St Giles and a common of which Goose Green is a remnant. This early parish included the neighbouring hamlets of Peckham, Dulwich, Nunhead, and part of Herne Hill (the rest of Herne Hill was in the parish of Lambeth). Until 1889, it was part of the county of Surrey. In 1900 the original parish became the Metropolitan Borough of Camberwell.

In 1965, most of the Borough of Camberwell was merged into the London Borough of Southwark. To the west, part of both West Dulwich and Herne Hill come under the London Borough of Lambeth.

The place now known as Camberwell covers a much smaller area than the ancient parish, and it is bound on the north by Walworth; on the south by East Dulwich and Herne Hill; to the west by Kennington; and on the east by Peckham.
Mile Road System (Michigan)
Several counties in the state of Michigan use a Mile Road System to name different roads and streets. The most commonly known system is that of Detroit, including 8 Mile Road, the dividing line between Detroit and its northern suburbs as well as Wayne County and Oakland, Macomb and Washtenaw counties.  The roads in the Detroit-area system are laid out in a grid and named with reference to a zero-mile "point of origin" in Campus Martius Park in downtown Detroit.

Boardman River
The Boardman River (/bɔːrdmən/ BORD-mən), also known as the Ottaway River (/ɒtəweɪ/ AH-tə-way) or the Boardman–Ottaway River, is a 28.2-mile-long (45.4 km) river in the northwestern Lower Peninsula of Michigan. It rises in western Kalkaska County, and flows west and north through Grand Traverse County to end in downtown Traverse City at the Grand Traverse Bay, a bay of Lake Michigan. The river's watershed drains an area of 295 square miles (760 km2) through a combined 130 miles (210 km) of river and tributaries. Additionally, the Boardman River is considered one of the top ten trout streams in Michigan.
James Rankin (lighthouse keeper)
James Rankin (February 20, 1844 – January 5, 1921) was a lighthouse keeper in the United States.

A native of Killashee, County Longford, Ireland, Rankin emigrated to the United States in 1867. He served in the U.S. Lighthouse Service as the keeper of East Brother Island Light in California from 1877 to 1878. He then transferred to Fort Point Light in San Francisco, where he remained for 40 years, until retiring in 1919. During his tenure he was credited with saving the lives of 18 people.

Rankin died in Antioch, California, where he had moved soon after retiring.

In 1997, the United States Coast Guard named a 175 ft buoy tender USCGC James Rankin (WLM-555) in his honor. Its homeport is Curtis Bay, Baltimore.

Antioch, California
Antioch is the third-most populous city in Contra Costa County, California, United States. The city is located in the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area along the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta. The city's population was 115,291 at the 2020 census. The city has grown substantially more diverse since the 1970s.
4th Commando Brigade (Turkey)
The 4th Commando Brigade is one of the 12 infantry brigades in Turkish Land Forces. It's under the 8th Corps and is headquartered at Tunceli. It was involved in Operation Olive Branch (2018) in Syria and fought in Operation Claw (2019) with the Gendarmerie Special Operations in Iraq.

Tunceli
Tunceli (Armenian: Մամիկի, romanized: Mamiki; Kurdish: Kalan; Zazaki: Mamekiye) is a municipality (belde) in Tunceli District and capital of Tunceli Province, Turkey. The city has a Kurdish majority. The population is predominantly Kurdish Alevi, a distinct ethno-religious community whose identity has been shaped by the region's history of autonomy and resistance to central state authority. It had a population of 35,161 in 2021.
House of Sharvashidze
The House of Sharvashidze or Shervashidze (Georgian: შარვაშიძე-შერვაშიძე) was a Georgian-Abkhazian ruling family of the Principality of Abkhazia. The family was later recognized as one of the princely families of the Russian Empire at the request of King Heraclius II of Georgia in accordance with the list of Georgian noblemen presented in the Treaty of Georgievsk.

Abkhazians
The Abkhaz people, sometimes referred to as the Abkhazians, are a Northwest Caucasian ethnic group native to Abkhazia—a disputed region on the northeastern coast of the Black Sea. A large Abkhaz diaspora population resides in Turkey, the origins of which lie in the Caucasian War in the late 19th century. Many Abkhaz also live in other parts of the former Soviet Union, particularly in Russia and Ukraine.
Take Me Back (Noiseworks song)
"Take Me Back" is a song by Australian rock-pop band Noiseworks, which was written by their lead vocalist Jon Stevens and sometime collaborator Brent Thomas. It was released in 1987 as the second single from their first studio album Noiseworks (1987), which was produced by Mark Opitz. The single peaked at number seven on the Australian Kent Music Report singles chart.

Noiseworks (album)
Noiseworks is the debut album by Australian rock band, Noiseworks. It was released by CBS Records in June 19, 1987. The album peaked at No. 6 on the Kent Music Report Albums Chart, with the introduction of the ARIA Album Charts in the beginning of 1988, the album was still in the charts at No. 37. Noiseworks sold more than 210,000 copies (3× platinum) in Australia.
Rosyara
'"Rosyara"' (Nepali: रोस्यारा ) or Roshyara (Nepali:रोश्यारा) is a western Nepalese Brahmin surname.  Rosyara is rare because it is derived from other common surnames, with only approximately 10000 people who bear it.  The Gotra of Roshyara is Garga and Atri. Roshyara from Tallo Chhoya and other part of Doti and Navadurga Koteli, Dadeldhura are spelled as "Roshyara" (nepali रोश्यारा ).

Rosyara ancestors were royal priests to the kings of Doti, a region in Nepal.

Doti
Doti (Nepali: डोटी), also known as Dotigarh (डोटीगढ़) or the Far-Western Development Region was a development region of Nepal situated between River Kali bordering Kumaon division of Uttarakhand, India in the west and the Karnali river on the east. Doti was one of eight different princely states of the Katyuri Kingdom.
Villa Celimontana
The Villa Celimontana (previously known as Villa Mattei)  is a villa on the Caelian Hill in Rome, best known for its gardens. Its grounds cover most of the valley between the Aventine Hill and the Caelian.

Santi Giovanni e Paolo al Celio
The Basilica of Saints John and Paul on the Caelian Hill (Italian: Basilica dei Santi Giovanni e Paolo al Celio) is an ancient basilica church in Rome, located on the Caelian Hill. It was originally built in 398.

It is home to the Passionists and is the burial place of St. Paul of the Cross. Additionally, it is the station church of the first Friday in Lent.