hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Xylogalacturonan beta-1,3-xylosyltransferase
Xylogalacturonan beta-1,3-xylosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.41, xylogalacturonan xylosyltransferase, XGA xylosyltransferase) is an enzyme with systematic name UDP-D-xylose:xylogalacturonan 3-beta-D-xylosyltransferase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

Transfers a xylosyl residue from UDP-D-xylose to a D-galactose residue in xylogalacturonan, forming a beta-1,3-D-xylosyl-D-galactose linkage.

This enzyme is involved in plant cell wall synthesis.

Xylose
Xylose (cf. Ancient Greek: ξύλον, xylon, "wood") is a common monosaccharide, i.e. a simple sugar. Xylose is classified as aldopentose type, which means that it contains five carbon atoms and includes an aldehyde functional group, at least in its open-chain form.  It is abundant in biomass, and is one of the most abundant sugars in nature.  It is a white, water-soluble solid.
Caroline Fourest
Caroline Fourest (French: [kaʁɔlin fuʁɛst]; born 19 September 1975), is a French writer, feminist political commentator, film director, and journalist. She is a radio presenter at France Culture, and editor of the magazine ProChoix. She was also a columnist for Charlie Hebdo, for Le Monde until 14 July 2012, and she joined Marianne in 2016. She frequently appears on French media to discuss issues related to Muslims, feminism, Charlie Hebdo and Israel.

Fourest is the editorial director of the French weekly paper, Franc-Tireur, since April 2022 and one of its founders. Prior to April 2022, she was also an advisor to the editorial committee. The name was inspired by the resistance journal, Franc-Tireur, from the Second World War.

Underground media in German-occupied France
The clandestine press of the French Resistance was collectively responsible for printing flyers, broadsheets, newspapers, and even books in secret in France during the German occupation of France in the Second World War. The secret press was used to disseminate the ideas of the French Resistance in cooperation with the Free French, and played an important role in the liberation of France and in the history of French journalism, particularly during the 1944 Freedom of the Press Ordinances.
Krégbé
Krégbé is a town in east-central Ivory Coast. It is a sub-prefecture of Arrah Department in Moronou Region, Lacs District.

Krégbé was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1,126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

In 2014, the population of the sub-prefecture of Krégbé was 21,299.

Moronou Region
Moronou Region is one of the 31 regions of Ivory Coast. Since its creation in 2012, it has been one of four regions in Lacs District. The seat of the region is Bongouanou and the region's population in the 2021 census was 439,755.

Moronou is currently divided into three departments: Arrah, Bongouanou, and M'Batto.

Moronou is the most recently created region of Ivory Coast. It was formed in 2012 after the other 30 regions had been organised in 2011. Moronou was created by splitting off three departments from N'Zi Region.
Friedrich Ruthardt
Friedrich Ruthardt (/ˈrʊˌtɑːrt/; 9 December 1802 – 23 May 1862) was a German oboist and composer. He was born in Stuttgart as the son of an oboist in the chapel of the king of Württemberg. He became cantor of the main church of this city. He played in the Stuttgart court orchestra (probably the Hofkapelle Stuttgart), and composed chorales as well as pieces for the oboe and the zither. Fétis claimed that Ruthardt was one of the most skillful players of the latter instrument in Germany. One of the best-known 19th-century oboe concertos, by Bernhard Molique, was likely written for Ruthardt, and first performed at Stuttgart in 1829.

Two of his sons were also musicians: Julius Ruthardt (1841–1909), a violinist; and Adolf Ruthardt (1849–1934), a music teacher and composer.

Hofkapelle Stuttgart
Hofkapelle Stuttgart, historically the Württemberg Hofkapelle is a German orchestra based in Stuttgart which has existed since the 16th century. It was the band of the House of Württemberg. Since 2002, it is an orchestra founded by Frieder Bernius to play Baroque music in historically informed performance.

In 1617 it consisted of 50 "excellent singers" and was  affiliated with the royal chamber music ensemble. In 1699, eleven "Kapellknaben" (chapel boys) performed. From 1736 to 1750, the chapel made singers and Kapellknaben available for opera performances, the chapel choir was transformed to the opera choir, while an orchestra took the name Hofkapelle.

In 1818, Johann Nepomuk Hummel introduced subscription concerts, promoting the development of the orchestra to a modern symphony orchestra.
Semiconductor laser theory
Semiconductor lasers or laser diodes play an important part in our everyday lives by providing cheap and compact-size lasers. They consist of complex multi-layer structures requiring nanometer scale accuracy and an elaborate design. Their theoretical description is important not only from a fundamental point of view, but also in order to generate new and improved designs. It is common to all systems that the laser is an inverted carrier density system. The carrier inversion results in an electromagnetic polarization which drives an electric field . In most cases, the electric field is confined in a resonator, the properties of which are also important factors for laser performance.

Nanometre
The nanometre (international spelling as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures; SI symbol: nm), or nanometer (American spelling), is a unit of length in the International System of Units (SI), equal to one billionth (short scale) or one thousand millionth (long scale) of a metre (0.000000001 m) and to 1000 picometres. One nanometre can be expressed in scientific notation as 1 × 10−9 m and as ⁠1/1000000000⁠ m.
Harry Elsworth Basford
Harry Elsworth Basford (May 21, 1908 – June 18, 1974) was an American farmer, tool and die maker, and politician.

Basford was born in Deer River, Itasca County, Minnesota and went to the local public schools. He also went to vocational school and University of Minnesota. He lived in Wolf Lake, Becker County, Minnesota with his wife and family and was a dairy farmer and too and die maker. Basford served in the Minnesota House of Representatives from 1949 to 1962. He died at his home in Wolf River, Minnesota.

Becker County, Minnesota
Becker County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 35,183, and was estimated to be 35,444 in 2024, Its county seat is Detroit Lakes.

Part of the White Earth Indian Reservation extends into the county.
Moses Anafie
Moses Anafie (born 23 August 1988) is a Ghanaian cricketer. He was named in Ghana's squad for the 2017 ICC World Cricket League Division Five tournament in South Africa. He played in Ghana's second fixture, against Vanuatu, on 4 September 2017.

In August 2021, he was named in Ghana's squad for their Twenty20 International (T20I) series against Rwanda. He made his T20I debut on 18 August 2021, against Rwanda.

Vanuatu national cricket team
The Vanuatu national cricket team is the men's team that represents Vanuatu in international cricket. The team is organised by the Vanuatu Cricket Association, which became an affiliate member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) in 1995 and an associate member in 2009. Vanuatu made its international debut at the 1979 Pacific Games, at which time the country was still known as the New Hebrides. The majority of the team's matches have come against other members of the ICC East Asia-Pacific region, including both at ICC regional tournaments and at the cricket events at the Pacific Games.

Vanuatu entered the World Cricket League at the 2008 Division Five tournament. The team participated in the WCL system at the 2015 Division Six event, where it placed third. Following the withdrawal of Suriname from the 2016 Division Five tournament, Vanuatu were named as their replacement. After the abolition of the WCL, Vanuatu became part of the 2019–22 ICC Cricket World Cup Challenge League.
Working: What We Do All Day
Working: What We Do All Day is a four-part Netflix documentary series regarding the work lives of various people in the United States, with each episode focusing on a socio-economic stratum of society. Barack Obama narrates the documentary, which also involves him interviewing some of the people featured in the episodes. The documentary is inspired by Working: People Talk About What They Do All Day and How They Feel About What They Do, the 1974 nonfiction book by Studs Terkel.

In its first six weeks on Netflix, the documentary received 2.3 million views. In the last six months of 2023, it accumulated an additional million views, making it one of the least-watched "higher-profile" Netflix productions of the year, according to The Hollywood Reporter.

Studs Terkel
Louis "Studs" Terkel (May 16, 1912 – October 31, 2008) was an American writer, historian, actor, and broadcaster. He received the Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction in 1985 for The Good War and is best remembered for his oral histories of common Americans, and for hosting a long-running radio show in Chicago.
Matayoshi
Matayoshi (written: 又吉) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Eiki Matayoshi (又吉 栄喜, born 1947), Japanese writer

Herbert Matayoshi (1928–2011), American politician and businessman

James Matayoshi (born 1968), American anti–nuclear power activist

Katsuki Matayoshi (又吉 克樹, born 1990), Japanese baseball player

Mitsuo Matayoshi (又吉 光雄, born 1944), Japanese activist

Naoki Matayoshi (又吉 直樹, born 1980), Japanese novelist and comedian

Shinko Matayoshi (又吉 眞光, 1888–1947), Okinawan martial artist

Shinpo Matayoshi (又吉 眞豊, 1921–1997), Okinawan martial artist

Naoki Matayoshi
Naoki Matayoshi (又吉 直樹, Matayoshi Naoki; born June 2, 1980) is a Japanese comedian, screenwriter, and novelist who won the Akutagawa Prize in 2015 for his book Hibana (火花, Spark), which was adapted into the Netflix series Hibana: Spark.

Matayoshi is the boke of his comedy duo Peace alongside his partner Yuji Ayabe. Ayabe left Japan for New York in 2016 to continue his comedic career overseas while Matayoshi stayed in Japan, effectively making the duo inactive since then.

He is from Neyagawa City in Osaka Prefecture. He graduated from Hokuyo Senior High School (presently Kansai University Hokuyo Senior High School).
Uthaikanya Bhanubandhu
Princess Uthaikanya Bhanubandhu (Thai: อุทัยกัญญา ภาณุพันธุ์; RTGS: Uthaikanya Phanuphan; also spelled Udayakanya; born 24 October 1933) is a Princess of Thailand, a daughter of Nibandh Bhanubongs, The Prince Bhanubongs Biriyadej and one of his wife Mom Phayao Bhanubandhu na Ayudhya. She is officially styled as "Her Serene Highness Princess Uthaikanya Bhanubandhu" (หม่อมเจ้าอุทัยกัญญา ภาณุพันธุ์). She is a member of the Bhanubandhu collateral branch of the Chakri dynasty, the Royal Family of Thailand.

Samut Prakan province
Samut Prakan province (Thai: จังหวัดสมุทรปราการ, pronounced [t͡ɕāŋ.wàt̚ sàmùt prāːkāːn] ⓘ, RTGS: changwat samutprakan, sometimes rendered Samutprakan and Samutprakarn) is one of the central provinces of Thailand, established on 9 May 1946 by the Act Establishing Changwat Samut Prakan, Changwat Nonthaburi, Changwat Samut Sakhon and Changwat Nakhon Nayok, Buddhist Era 2489 (1946).

It is a part of the Bangkok Metropolitan Region. Neighbouring provinces are Bangkok, to the north and west, and Chachoengsao to the east. Samut Prakan was previously once home to a Dutch trading post who referred to the area as New Amsterdam. Suvarnabhumi Airport is in Bang Phli district of Samut Prakan province as well as the districts of Bang Kapi, Lat Krabang, and Prawet in neighbouring Bangkok city.
Eryxias (dialogue)
Eryxias (/ɪˈrɪksiəs/; Ancient Greek: Ἐρυξίας) is a Socratic dialogue attributed to Plato, but which is considered spurious. It is set in the Stoa of Zeus Eleutherios, and features Socrates in conversation with Critias, Eryxias, and Erasistratus (nephew of Phaeax).

The dialogue concerns the topic of wealth and virtue. The position of Eryxias that it is good to be materially prosperous is defeated when Critias argues that having money is not always a good thing. Socrates then shows that money has only a conventional value. In an argument addressed to Critias, Socrates concludes that money can never be considered useful, even when it is used to buy something useful. The final conclusion of the Eryxias is that the most wealthy are the most wretched because they have so many material wants.

Stoa of Zeus Eleutherios
The Stoa of Zeus Eleutherios was a two-aisled stoa located in the northwest corner of the Ancient Agora of Athens. It was built c. 425 BC–410 BC for religious purposes in dedication to Zeus under his epithet Eleutherios ("pertaining to freedom"): a cult founded after the Persian War. Stoas were not commonly used for religious purposes, but were typically built for promenades and meetings.

It is different from others in that it was a stoa rather than a temple (the common building used for religious purposes). Scholars believe the building also served other civic purposes due to its central location. Researchers think the structure may have been built by Mnesikles, the architect who built the Propylaia. The Propylaia was the Periclean gateway to the Acropolis. In the late first century BC a two-room annex was added, possibly for the cult of the Roman imperial family. The building in all was 43.56 meters by 10.73 meters.
Miss Grand Italy 2025
Miss Grand Italy 2025 (Italian: Miss Grand International Italia 2025) was the 7th Miss Grand Italy pageant, held on 14 September 2025 at the Cinecittà World in Rome. Thirty-seven contestants from different regions of Italy competed for the right to represent the country in the parent stage, Miss Grand International 2025.

The contest was won by a 25-year-old model and dancer, Elisa Crocchianti, representing the region of Lazio. Elisa will represent Italy internationally in the parent stage held in Bangkok, Thailand, on 18 October 2025.

The grand final of the pageant was hosted by Nicola Santini and Stefania Orlando.

Regions of Italy
The regions of Italy (Italian: regioni d'Italia) are the first-level administrative divisions of the Italian Republic, constituting its second NUTS administrative level. There are twenty regions, five of which are autonomous regions with special status. Under the Constitution of Italy, each region is an autonomous entity with defined powers. With the exception of the Aosta Valley (since 1945) and Friuli-Venezia Giulia (since 2015), each region is divided into a number of provinces.
Ipoola Alani Akinrinade
Lieutenant general Ipoola Alani AkinrinadeListenⓘ CFR FSS (born 3 October 1939) is a retired Nigerian military officer who was Chief of Army Staff (COAS) from October 1979 to April 1980, and then Chief of Defence Staff until 1981 during the Nigerian Second Republic.

Orders, decorations, and medals of Nigeria
Nigerian National Honours are a set of orders and decorations conferred upon Nigerians and friends of Nigeria every year. They were instituted by the National Honors Act No. 5 of 1964, during the First Nigerian Republic, to honour Nigerians who have rendered service to the benefit of the nation.

These honours are distinct from the honours that are part of the country's ancient chieftaincy system, which is a separate (but also legally defined) entity. National Honours are the highest honours or awards that a citizen can receive from their country for service to the country.
Arranmore
Árainn Mhór (English name: Arranmore) is an island off the west coast of County Donegal, Ireland. It is the county's largest inhabited island, with a population of 478 in 2022, but has had a gradually falling native population since the 1990s. Its main settlement is Leabgarrow. The island is part of the Gaeltacht, with most of the inhabitants speaking Ulster Irish.

It is also known in English as Aran Island (not to be confused with the Aran Islands off Galway Bay or the Scottish Isle of Arran). In Irish it was traditionally called Árainn; the adjective mór (large) was added fairly recently. It was also sometimes called Árainn Uí Dhomhnaill, 'Aran of the O'Donnells'.

Aran Islands
The Aran Islands (/ˈærən/ ARR-ən; Irish: Oileáin Árann, pronounced [əˈlʲaːnʲ ˈaːɾˠən̪ˠ]) or The Arans (na hÁrainneacha [n̪ˠə ˈhaːɾˠən̠ʲəxə]), are a group of three islands at the mouth of Galway Bay, off the west coast of Ireland, with a combined area of about 46 km2 (18 mi2). They form the historic barony of Aran in County Galway.

From west to east, the islands are Inishmore (Árainn / Inis Mór), which is the largest; Inishmaan (Inis Meáin), the second-largest; and Inisheer (Inis Oírr), the smallest. Several smaller islets also lie in the group.

The population of 1,347 (as of 2022) primarily speaks Irish, making the islands part of the Gaeltacht. Most residents are also fluent or proficient in English. The population has declined steadily since 1841, when it was approximately 3,500.
Blake McGrath
Blake Andler McGrath (born November 21, 1983) is a Canadian professional dancer, pop singer, actor, model, and choreographer. He was known for being on the first season of So You Think You Can Dance in 2005, and on the MTV reality dance show DanceLife. He has also developed a solo singing career with a debut album Time to Move in 2010.

On May 27, 2023, McGrath married Taylor Andler who has taken the name of Taylor Andler McGrath.

Butterbox Babies
Butterbox Babies is a film adapted from the book Butterbox Babies by Bette L. Cahill, which is based on the true story of the Ideal Maternity Home, a home for unwed pregnant mothers, during the Great Depression and Second World War. The home made millions from the illegal adoption of illegitimate babies during the 1930s and 1940s.
Qormi F.C.
Qormi Football Club is a Maltese football club from the city of Qormi, that currently plays in the Maltese National Amateur League. They have won 4 league titles, with their titles being won in the 1969-70, 1982-83, 1994-95, and 2023-24 seasons.

Maltese National Amateur League I
The Maltese National Amateur League I (referred to as the BOV Amateur League 1 for sponsorship reasons) is the third-highest division in Maltese football, replacing the Maltese Second Division and Maltese Third Division during the 2020–21 season following the premature end of the previous football season due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
2019 MercedesCup – Doubles
Philipp Petzschner and Tim Pütz were the defending champions, but Petzschner chose not to participate this year. Pütz played alongside Jan-Lennard Struff, but lost in the first round to John Peers and Bruno Soares.

Peers and Soares went on to win the title, defeating Rohan Bopanna and Denis Shapovalov in the final, 7–5, 6–3.

Philipp Petzschner
Philipp Petzschner (born 24 March 1984) is a retired German professional tennis player. He was known for his hard-hitting forehand and backhand slices. He reached a career-high doubles ranking of world No. 9, which he achieved in April 2011.
Barfee
Barfee or Barfée can refer to:

Barfi, a milk and nut sweet originating in the Indian Subcontinent

Barfi!, a 2012 Indian film

Barfi (film), a 2013 Indian film

William Barfée (pronounced barf-AY), a character from the musical The 25th Annual Putnam County Spelling Bee

Barfi
Barfi or burfi is a milk-based sweet from the Indian subcontinent with a fudge-like consistency. It is consumed throughout India and Pakistan and is especially popular in North India. Barfi is often served at celebrations and religious festivals such as Diwali and Holi.
Robert Daigle (Maine politician)
Robert A. Daigle (born April 3, 1953) is an American politician from Maine. A Republican, Daigle represented Arundel, Maine in the Maine House of Representatives from 1999 to 2006. Prior to running for office, he served as Chair of Maine's Pollution Prevention Advisory Committee from 1990 to 1996. Born in Portland, Maine, he earned a B.S. from the University of Maine in 1975. He is married and has one child.

Maine Republican Party
The Maine Republican Party is an affiliate of the United States Republican Party in Maine. It was founded in Strong, Maine, on August 7, 1854. The party currently does not control the governor's office or either chamber of the Maine Legislature, nor either of Maine's two U.S. House. The only federal elected office that the party controls is one of Maine's two U.S. Senate seats, currently held by Susan Collins.
Cernea
Cernea is a Romanian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Cornel Cernea (born 1976), Romanian goalkeeping coach and footballer

Ion Cernea (1933–2025), Romanian Greco-Roman wrestler

Michael M. Cernea (born 1931), Romania sociologist and anthropologist

Remus Cernea (born 1974), Romanian activist

Ruth Cernea (1934–2009), American cultural anthropologist

Michael M. Cernea
Michael (Mihail) M. Cernea (born 14 October 1931) is a sociologist and anthropologist born in Romania who reestablished himself in the United States in 1974, where he has since lived. He is widely recognized for introducing sociological and anthropological approaches into the World Bank. He worked as the World Bank's Senior Adviser for Sociology and Social Policy until 1997. He has published on a wide range of the effects of development, including social change, social forestry, participation, grassroots organizations, and population resettlement. He is an author of the term "development-induced displacement and resettlement".

Judith Freidenberg reports Cernea as arguing that "Development Anthropology is a Contact Sport".
Jenő Pap
Jenő Pap (born 15 December 1951) is a Hungarian fencer. He competed in the team foil and épée events at the 1980 Summer Olympics.

He was named Hungarian Sportsman of the year in 1982 for winning the individual épée event at that year's World Fencing Championships.

Épée
The épée (/ˈɛpeɪ, ˈeɪ-/, French: [epe]; lit. 'sword'), also rendered as epee in English, is the largest and heaviest of the three weapons used in the sport of fencing. The modern épée derives from the 19th-century épée de combat, a weapon which itself derives from the French small sword.

As a thrusting weapon, the épée is similar to a foil (contrasted with a sabre, which is designed for slashing). It has a stiffer blade than a foil. It is triangular in cross-section with a V-shaped groove called a fuller. The épée also has a larger bell guard designed to protect the user’s arm. In addition to the larger "bell" guard and blade, the épée weighs more than the foil and sabre which contributes to its reputation of being the slowest form of fencing. The techniques of use differ, as there are no rules regarding priority and a lack of right of way. Thus, immediate counterattacks are a common feature of épée fencing. The entire body is a valid target area.
Juksirahu
Juksirahu is an island belonging to the country of Estonia.

The island is in the Gulf of Riga and is part of Saare County, Estonia.

It is a uninhabited island and is similar as the island of Vahelmisrahu, having little information on these islands.

Saare County
Saare County (Estonian: Saare maakond or Saaremaa; Latin: Oesel; Danish: Øsel; German: Ösel; Swedish: Ösel) is one of 15 counties of Estonia. It consists of Saaremaa, the largest island of Estonia, and several smaller islands near it, most notably Muhu, Ruhnu, Abruka, and Vilsandi. The county borders Lääne County to the east, Hiiu County to the north, and Latvia to the south. In 2022, Saare County had a population of 31,292, which was 2.4% of the population of Estonia.