hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hitoyoshi, Kumamoto
Hitoyoshi (人吉市, Hitoyoshi-shi) is a city in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan.  As of 31 August 2024, the city had an estimated population of 29,842 in 15292 households, and a population density of 140 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 210.55 km2 (81.29 sq mi).

Kumamoto Prefecture
Kumamoto Prefecture (熊本県, Kumamoto-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [kɯ.ma.mo.to, -toꜜ.keɴ]) is a prefecture of Japan located on the island of Kyūshū. Kumamoto Prefecture has a population of 1,683,115 (as of 1 October 2025) and has a geographic area of 7,409 square kilometres (2,861 sq mi). Kumamoto Prefecture borders Fukuoka Prefecture to the north, Ōita Prefecture to the northeast, Miyazaki Prefecture to the southeast, and Kagoshima Prefecture to the south.

Kumamoto is the capital and largest city of Kumamoto Prefecture, with other major cities including Yatsushiro, Amakusa, and Tamana. Kumamoto Prefecture is located in the center of Kyūshū on the coast of the Ariake Sea, across from Nagasaki Prefecture, with the mainland separated from the East China Sea by the Amakusa Archipelago. Kumamoto Prefecture is home to Mount Aso, the largest active volcano in Japan and among the largest in the world, with its peak 1,592 metres (5,223 ft) above sea level.
Daniel S. Mitchell
Daniel Sedgley Mitchell (1838-1929) was an American photographer best known for his series of stereoscopic views of the Black Hills in 1876, his Native American portraits from the Red Cloud Agency in 1877, and his photographs of the Oklahoma Land Rush in 1889.

Land run
A land run or land rush was an event in which previously restricted land of the United States was opened to homestead on a first-arrival basis. Lands were opened and sold first-come or by bid, or won by lottery, or by means other than a run. The settlers, no matter how they acquired occupancy, purchased the land from the United States General Land Office. For Reservation Indian lands, the Land Office distributed the sales funds to the various tribal entities, according to previously negotiated terms. The Oklahoma Land Rush of 1889 was the most prominent of the land runs while the Land Run of 1893 was the largest. The opening of the former Kickapoo area in 1895 was the last use of a land run in the present area of Oklahoma.
Seyhan Viaduct
The Seyhan Viaduct (Turkish: Seyhan Viyadüğü) is a 470-metre-long (1,540 ft) box-girder bridge that carries the O-51 motorway across the Seyhan River in Adana, Turkey. The bridge is the northernmost crossing of the river before the Seyhan Dam, just upstream.

The Pozant-Adana-İskenderun highway initially included the 1992-completed Seyhan Viaduct. Once completed, the route was re-designated as the Adana Beltway (O-50) and has recently been re-designated again, after the O-50 was replaced by the O-51 and O-52.

Otoyol 52
Otoyol 52 (English: Motorway 52), abbreviated as O-52, a.k.a. Adana-Şanlıurfa Otoyolu (English: Adana-Şanlıurfa Motorway), is a toll motorway in the regions of Mediterranean and Southeastern Anatolia in Turkey, connecting the cities Adana and Şanlıurfa. The motorway is part of European route E90 and Asian Highway 84. The O-52 starts from the eastern terminus of The O-51, runs eastward through Osmaniye, Gaziantep and terminates east of Şanlıurfa. The O-52 is currently the second longest Motorway in Turkey being only 5 km shorter than the O-4.

The highway sustained damage in the 2023 Turkey–Syria earthquake.
Baha parab
Baha parab, also known as Baa parab, is a spring festival celebrated by the Ho, Santhal, Munda and other tribal communities in India. The word "Baha" or "Baa" means flower. During Baha parab, men, women and children dress in traditional attire, offer flowers to the deities Marang Buru and Jaher Ayo, and celebrate with the beating of Madal and Tamak (drums) while dancing in traditional tribal style.

Marang Buru
Marang Buru, also written Maran Buru (Santali: ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ), is a supreme deity of Santal, Bhumij, Ho and Munda tribes residing in India, Bangladesh, Nepal. This creator is variously called Marang Buru (meaning "Supreme Deity" or literally "The Great Mountain") and is regarded as the "cause of all causes," making the tribal religion deeply monotheistic as well as pantheistic. It is a hill, which is considered a deity by the Santals.
Caroline Ella Heminway Kierstead
Caroline Ella Heminway Kierstead (July 12, 1904 – June 17, 1985) was an American geologist and micropaleontologist who was a professor of geology at Smith College in Massachusetts, a Shell Oil Company paleontologist, and a scientist whose micropaleontology specialty was research on foraminifera.

Shell USA
Shell USA, Inc. (formerly Shell Oil Company, Inc.)  is the United States–based wholly owned subsidiary of Shell plc, a UK-based transnational corporation "oil major" which is among the largest oil companies in the world. Approximately 18,000 Shell employees are based in the U.S. Its U.S. headquarters are in Houston, Texas. Shell USA, including its consolidated companies and its share in equity companies, is one of America's largest oil and natural gas producers, natural gas marketers, fuel marketers and petrochemical manufacturers.
Gertrud Seidmann
Gertrud Seidmann, FSA, FRSA (16 September 1919 – 15 February 2013) was an Austrian-British linguist and jewellery historian, specialising in engraved gems.

Her first career was as a linguist, teaching German and applied linguistics at Battersea County School, the University of Oxford, and the University of Southampton: she was awarded the Goethe Medal in 1968. She formally retired in 1979 and dedicated herself to researching jewellery and engraved gems, becoming a research associate of the Institute of Archaeology and of Oxford's Beazley Archive.

In 2004, Seidmann matriculated into Wolfson College, Oxford to study for a Master of Letters (MLitt) research degree. She thereby became the University of Oxford's oldest ever student. She went on to undertake research towards a doctorate in the School of Archaeology. In 2011, due to ill health and at the age of 91, she ended her studies and was awarded a Certificate of Graduate Attainment by the university.

Applied linguistics
Applied linguistics is an interdisciplinary field which identifies, investigates, and offers solutions to language-related real-life problems. Some of the academic fields related to applied linguistics are education, psychology, communication research, information science, natural language processing, anthropology, and sociology. Applied linguistics is a practical use of language.
NGC 503
NGC 503, also occasionally referred to as PGC 5086 or GC 5169, is an elliptical galaxy in the constellation Pisces. It is located approximately 265 million light-years from the Solar System and was discovered on 13 August 1863 by German astronomer Heinrich Louis d'Arrest.

Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars
The Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars (CN) is an astronomical catalogue of nebulae first published in 1786 by William Herschel, with the assistance of his sister Caroline Herschel. It was later expanded into the General Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars (GC) by his son, John Herschel, in 1864. The CN and GC are the precursors to John Louis Emil Dreyer's New General Catalogue (NGC), compiled in 1888 and used by current astronomers.
New Asia College
New Asia College is a constituent college of the Chinese University of Hong Kong, a public university in New Territories, Hong Kong. The College was founded in 1949 by a group of scholars who left mainland China at the time of the 1949 Communist Revolution. It was located on Farm Road in Kowloon until 1963, when it joined two other colleges to form the Chinese University of Hong Kong.

Kowloon
Kowloon (/ˌkaʊˈluːn/) is one of the three areas of Hong Kong, along with Hong Kong Island and the New Territories. It is an urban area comprising the Kowloon Peninsula and New Kowloon. It has a population of 2,019,533  and a population density of 43,033/km2 (111,450/sq mi) in 2006. It is the smallest, second most populous, and most densely populated of the divisions.
Yeliseyevskaya
Yeliseyevskaya (Russian: Елисеевская) is a rural locality (a village) and the administrative center of Sibirskoye Rural Settlement, Verkhovazhsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 40 as of 2002. In 2022 during the Russia-Ukraine war a revolutionary group was reported to have a base located approximately 2km from this village housing 200+ members.

Vologda Oblast
Vologda Oblast (Russian: Вологодская область, romanized: Vologodskaya oblastʹ, IPA: [vəlɐˈɡotskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]; Veps: Vologdan agj) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is Vologda. The oblast has a population of 1,202,444 (2010 Census). The largest city is Cherepovets, the home of the Severstal metallurgical plant, the largest industrial enterprise in the oblast.

Vologda Oblast is home to many historic monuments, such as the Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery, Ferapontov Monastery (a World Heritage Site) with the frescoes of Dionisius, the two medieval towns of Velikiy Ustyug and Belozersk, and the baroque churches of Totma and Ustyuzhna.

Large reserves of wood and fresh water are the main natural resources.
Converge / Dropdead
Converge / Dropdead  is a split EP by American bands Converge and Dropdead. The single was self-released commercially in digital and 7" vinyl formats by both of the bands on June 16, 2011, and was distributed through Deathwish Inc. and Armageddon. Copies were also available during Converge and Dropdead's May/June 2011 tour with Trap Them and Burning Love.

Self-publishing
Self-publishing is an author-driven publication of any media without the involvement of a third-party publisher. Since the advent of the internet, self-publishing usually depends on digital platforms and print-on-demand technology, ranging from physical books to eBooks. Examples include magazines, print-on-demand books, music albums, pamphlets, brochures, video games, video content, artwork, zines, and web fiction. Self-publishing is an alternative to traditional publishing that has implications for production, cost and revenue, distribution, and public perception.
Alexander McLardy
Alexander Stewart McLardy (1867 – 1913) was a Scottish professional footballer who played as a forward. He was part of the Abercorn side that won the Renfrewshire Challenge Cup and the Paisley Charity Cup in Season 1888–89, then joined Burnley in England's Football League, returning to Abercorn three years later. He was selected for the Scottish Football League XI and played in two international trials, but never gained a full cap for Scotland.

Abercorn F.C.
Abercorn Football Club was a football club in Paisley, Scotland. The club were members of the Scottish Football League from 1890 until 1915 and folded in 1920. Abercorn were founder members of the Scottish Football League, but eventually could not compete with local rivals St Mirren. During their time in the SFL the club played at Underwood Park, Old Ralston Park and New Ralston Park. Their colours were blue and white stripes.
Kazuko Shirakawa
Kazuko Shirakawa (白川 和子, Shirakawa Kazuko) (born September 30, 1947) is a Japanese actress who is best known for her appearances in Nikkatsu's  Roman Porno films during the 1970s. She appeared in Nikkatsu's first film in the Roman Porno series, Apartment Wife (1971), and is considered the first of the three "Nikkatsu Queens" of the 1970s. After 1976 she embarked on a successful career in mainstream film.

After Life (film)
After Life, known in Japan as Wonderful Life (ワンダフルライフ, Wandafuru Raifu), is a 1998 Japanese film edited, written and directed by Hirokazu Kore-eda starring Arata, Erika Oda, Susumu Terajima, Sayaka Yoshino among other regarded cast members. It premiered on 11 September 1998 at the 1998 Toronto International Film Festival and distributed in over 30 countries, bringing international recognition to Kore-eda's work.

The film was also shown at the 1998 San Sebastián International Film Festival, where it won the FIPRESCI prize "for its universal theme, its empathy for nostalgia and its homage to cinema as transcending life". The film received seven awards and eight nominations worldwide.

In August 2021, The Criterion Collection announced a re-release of the film, in a 2K remaster together with interviews, deleted scenes, audio commentary and an essay by novelist Viet Thanh Nguyen.
Leopard head (hieroglyph)
The ancient Egyptian Leopard head hieroglyph, Gardiner sign listed as Gardiner sign F9, depicts the head of a leopard; it is in the Gardiner subset for "parts of mammals".

In the Egyptian language, the Leopard head hieroglyph is used as a determinative or abbreviation for words relating to 'strength'. In the language it is used for pehti-(pḥty).

Determinative
A determinative, also known as a taxogram or semagram, is an ideogram used to mark semantic categories of words in logographic scripts which helps to disambiguate interpretation. They have no direct counterpart in spoken language, though they may derive historically from glyphs for real words, and functionally they resemble classifiers in East Asian and sign languages. For example, Egyptian hieroglyphic determinatives include symbols for divinities, people, parts of the body, animals, plants, and books/abstract ideas, which helped in reading but were not pronounced.
Maximus II of Constantinople
Maximus II of Constantinople (Greek: Μάξιμος; died December 1216) was Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople from 3 June to December 1216. He had been abbot of the monastery of the Akoimetoi and was the confessor of the Nicaean emperor Theodore I Laskaris before he became patriarch. George Akropolites and Nikephoros Kallistos Xanthopoulos are highly critical of Maximus II, suggesting that he was "uneducated" and that the only reason he was made patriarch was his intrigue into the palace's women's quarters. Akropolites writes that he "paid court to the women's quarters and was in turn courted by it; for it was nothing else which raised him to such eminence." Maximus II was Patriarch-in-exile as at the time his titular seat was occupied by the Latin Patriarchate of Constantinople, and he lived in Nicaea. He died in office after only six months on the patriarchal throne.

Latin Patriarchate of Constantinople
The Latin Patriarchate of Constantinople was an office established as a result of the Fourth Crusade and its conquest of Constantinople in 1204. It was a Catholic replacement for the Eastern Orthodox Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople and remained in the city until the reconquest of Constantinople by the Byzantines in 1261, whereupon it became a titular see with only ceremonial powers. The St. Peter's Basilica was the patriarchium, or papal major basilica assigned to the Patriarch of Constantinople, where he officiated when visiting Rome. The office was abolished in 1964.
Bhir Mound
The Bhir Mound (Urdu: بھڑ ماونڈ) is an archaeological site in Taxila in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It contains some of the oldest ruins of Ancient Taxila, dated to sometime around the period 800–525 BC as its earliest layers bear "grooved" Red Burnished Ware, the Bhir Mound, along with several other nearby excavations, form part of the Ruins of Taxila – inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1980.

Osmund Bopearachchi
Osmund Bopearachchi (born 1949) is a Sri Lankan historian and numismatist who has specialized notably standardized the coinage of the Indo-Greek and Greco-Bactrian kingdoms. He is currently Emeritus Director of the CNRS at the École normale supérieure and Adjunct Professor of Central and South Asian Art, Archaeology, and Numismatics, University of California, Berkeley.
James R. Holton
James Reed Holton (1938–2004) was a professor of atmospheric sciences at the University of Washington. He was a specialist on atmospheric dynamics, and the author of the atmospheric science textbook An Introduction to Dynamic Meteorology.

He was at the University of Washington for 38 years, and awarded every major award in the atmospheric sciences. He was also a member of the National Academy of Sciences. The American Geophysical Union has now named an award after him, named the James R. Holton award ).

American Geophysical Union
The American Geophysical Union (AGU) is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization of Earth, atmospheric, ocean, hydrologic, space, and planetary scientists and enthusiasts that according to their website includes 130,000 people (not members). AGU's activities are focused on the organization and dissemination of scientific information in the interdisciplinary and international fields within the Earth and space sciences. The geophysical sciences involve four fundamental areas: atmospheric and ocean sciences; solid-Earth sciences; hydrologic sciences; and space sciences. The organization's headquarters is located on Florida Avenue in Washington, D.C.
Reinhold Svensson
Reinhold Svensson (20 December 1919 – 23 November 1968) was a Swedish jazz pianist, Hammond organist and composer.

Svensson was born in Husum, Sweden. He recorded as a solo artist in 1941-1942, then joined the ensemble of violinist Hasse Kahn. In 1948, Putte Wickman took leadership of the group, and Svensson worked with it until 1960 as a performer, arranger, and composer.

Svensson appeared at the Paris Jazz Festival in 1949, worked with Arne Domnerus's orchestra, and played with Charlie Norman in 1950-1951 as a duo under the names Ralph & Bert Berg and the Olson Brothers. He also recorded with his own ensembles (including under the name Ragtime Reinhold); Domnerus, Jack Noren, Simon Brehm, and Thore Jederby were sidemen of his in the late 1940s and early 1950s. He died in Stockholm.

Charlie Norman
Karl-Erik Albert Norman (4 October 1920 – 12 August 2005), known as Charles Norman or Charlie Norman, was a Swedish musician and entertainer. Norman is regarded as Sweden's leading boogie-woogie piano player in the 1940s, but an accomplished all-round pianist.

He collaborated with other artists such as Alice Babs and Sickan Carlsson. He wrote scores for a number of films and also starred as an actor in several. His boogie-woogie version of Edvard Grieg's Anitra's Dance earned him some notoriety in Norway.
Sarmanovsky District
Sarmanovsky District (Russian: Сарма́новский райо́н; Tatar: Сарман районы) is a territorial administrative unit and municipality of the Republic of Tatarstan within the Russian Federation. It is located in the east of the Republic of Tatarstan. The administrative center of the district is the village of Sarmanovo. At the beginning of 2020, 34,230 people lived in the district (12,695 are the urban population and 21,535 live in rural conditions).

The Sarmanovskiy district was established in 1930. In 1959, parts of the territories of the abolished Aktanyshsky and Yana-Yulsky districts were annexed to the Sarmanovsky district.
Petroleum production is well developed in the Sarmanovsky district. The firm Jalilneft is engaged in the development of Romashkino field, Mellianeft in Muslyumovsky field, and TSNK in Nurkeevsky field.

Romashkino Field
The Romashkino field (Russian: Ромашкинское нефтяное месторождение; Tatar: Ромашкино нефть чыганагы) is an oil field in Leninogorsky District, southeastern Tatarstan, Russia. It was discovered by the Soviet Government in 1944 in the village of Romashkino. Extraction began in 1948 and some 3.5 billion tonnes of oil had been extracted by July 2025. It is the largest oil field of Volga-Ural Basin. The field is operated by Tatneft.

The field covers approximately 4,200 square kilometres (1,600 sq mi).  The oil deposit is lays in depth of about 1,800 metres (5,900 ft) in Kinovskiy and Pashiyskiy formations.  Since its commissioning, the Romashkino field had produced over 15 billion barrels (2.4×10^9 m3)  of oil. Statistic analysis predicted depletion at 16.5 to 17.2 billion barrels (2.62×10^9 to 2.73×10^9 m3). However, advanced technologies allow for extraction of more oil, including water injection.
New Frontier (album)
New Frontier is an album by the American folk music group the Kingston Trio, their third album released in 1962 (see 1962 in music). It reached number 16 on the Billboard Pop Albums chart. The lead-off single was "Greenback Dollar" b/w "New Frontier".

Nick Reynolds
Nicholas Wells Reynolds (July 27, 1933 – October 1, 2008) was an American folk musician and recording artist. Reynolds was one of the founding members of the Kingston Trio, whose folk and folk-style material captured international attention during the late Fifties and early Sixties.
Tri-Central Middle/High School
Tri-Central Middle/High School is a four-year public high school located in Sharpsville, Indiana, in an unincorporated community approximately 9.2 miles northwest of Tipton, Indiana. The school was created by the merger of Windfall High School and Sharpsville-Prairie High School. Construction on the school started in June 1969 and the school opened on Sept. 8, 1970.  The school is the only high school of the Tri-Central Community School Corporation.

Tipton, Indiana
Tipton is a city in and the county seat of Tipton County, Indiana, United States. The population was estimated to be 5,275 as of July 1, 2021. Tipton is approximately 19 miles southeast of Kokomo, Indiana and approximately 42 miles north of Indianapolis, Indiana.
Diversion Dam and Deer Flat Embankments
The Diversion Dam and Deer Flat Embankments is the collective name given in the U.S. National Register of Historic Places program to a set of three dams in the western United States in southwestern Idaho, near Boise and Nampa.

The dams are components of the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation's Boise Project, and were designed to provide irrigation water to 500,000 acres (780 sq mi; 2,000 km2) of Treasure Valley farmland in conjunction with the New York Irrigation District (New York Canal). The Boise River Diversion Dam also provides hydroelectric generation capacity. The dams were listed on the National Register in 1976.

The three dams that make up the Diversion Dam and Deer Flat Embankments are:

Boise River Diversion Dam

Deer Flat Upper Embankment

Deer Flat Lower Embankment

Southwestern Idaho
Southwestern Idaho is a geographical term for the area along the U.S. state of Idaho's borders with Oregon and Nevada. It includes the populous areas of the Boise metropolitan area and the Treasure Valley.

The counties of Ada, Adams, Boise, Canyon, Elmore, Gem, Owyhee, Payette, Valley, and Washington are included in the region.
Shreekhandapur
Shreekhandapur (Nepal Bhasa: खम्पू) is a historic town located within the Dhulikhel Municipality of Kavrepalanchowk District, Nepal. It lies approximately 28 km east of Kathmandu and is situated at an elevation of around 1,400 metres above sea level.

The main attraction of Shreekhandapur is the temple of Swet Bhairav, which is located about 1 km northeast of the town. The name Shreekhandapur is believed to have originated from the shreekhand (sandalwood) tree, which was once abundant in the area. During the Licchavi period, the town was known as खम्पू (Khampu), a name that continues to be widely used by the local Newar community.

Licchavis of Nepal
The Licchavis of Nepal (Nepali: लिच्छवि, also Lichchhavi, Lichavi) ruled over a kingdom in the Kathmandu Valley of Nepal from approximately 450 to 750 CE. The Licchavi clan originated from a branch of the Licchavis of Vaishali, who ruled in the territory of modern-day Bihar and who later conquered the Kathmandu Valley. The Licchavis were ruled by a maharaja, aided by a prime minister and other royal officials, but in practice local communities were controlled by caste councils.

The ruling period of this dynasty was called the Golden Period of Nepal. A table of the evolution of certain Gupta characters used in Licchavi inscriptions prepared by Gautamavajra Vajrācārya can be found online.