hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Guy Frazier
Guy Shelton Frazier (born July 20, 1959) is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker in the National Football League (NFL) for the Cincinnati Bengals from 1981 to 1984 and the Buffalo Bills from 1985 to 1986. He played college football for the Wyoming Cowboys. He played high school football at Cass Technical High School, graduating in 1977. Frazier was selected by the Bengals in the fourth round of the 1981 NFL draft, and returned to Detroit in 1982 as a rookie with the Bengals in Super Bowl XVI. Frazier made the first hit of the game against the San Francisco 49ers on the opening kickoff causing a fumble that was recovered by teammate John Simmons. That was the first time in Super Bowl history that a turnover occurred on the opening kickoff. The Bengals were unable to capitalize on the turnover and subsequently lost.

1981 NFL draft
The 1981 NFL draft was the procedure by which National Football League teams selected amateur college football players. It is officially known as the NFL Annual Player Selection Meeting. The draft was held during  April 28–29, 1981, at the New York Sheraton Hotel in New York City. The league also held a supplemental draft after the regular draft and before the regular season.

For the first time, the top two picks of the draft, running back George Rogers selected by the New Orleans Saints and linebacker Lawrence Taylor picked by the New York Giants, were named Offensive and Defensive Rookies of the Year, respectively.
Herluka von Bernried
Herluka von Bernried, also known as Herluka von Epfach, (1060 – 1127) was a German laywoman and supporter of Gregorian reform. The vast majority of what is known of Herluka can be attributed to the works of Paul von Bernried, a German priest and friend of Herluka's, in his Vita Herlucae (Life of Herluka, composed c. 1130/1) and in parts of his Vita Gregorii (Life of Gregory VII, composed c. 1128).

Gregorian Reform
The Gregorian Reforms were a series of reforms initiated by Pope Gregory VII and the circle he formed in the papal curia, c. 1050–1080, which dealt with the moral integrity and independence of the clergy. The reforms are considered to be named after Pope Gregory VII (1073–1085), though he personally denied it and claimed his reforms, like his regnal name, honoured Pope Gregory I.
Carpet plot
A carpet plot is any of a few different specific types of plot. The more common plot referred to as a carpet plot is one that illustrates the interaction between two or more independent variables and one or more dependent variables in a two-dimensional plot. Besides the ability to incorporate more variables, another feature that distinguishes a carpet plot from an equivalent contour plot or 3D surface plot is that a carpet plot can be used to more accurately interpolate data points. A conventional carpet plot can capture the interaction of up to three independent variables and three dependent variables and still be easily read and interpolated.

Carpet plots have common applications within areas such as material science for showing elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio given a known ratio of ply angles in laminates, and within aeronautics.

Another plot sometimes referred to as a carpet plot is the temporal raster plot.

Poisson's ratio
In materials science and solid mechanics, Poisson's ratio (symbol: ν (nu)) is a measure of the Poisson effect, the deformation (expansion or contraction) of a material in directions perpendicular to the specific direction of loading. The value of Poisson's ratio is the negative of the ratio of transverse strain to axial strain. For small values of these changes, ν is the amount of transversal elongation divided by the amount of axial compression.

Most materials have Poisson's ratio values ranging between 0.0 and 0.5. For soft materials, such as rubber, where the bulk modulus is much higher than the shear modulus, Poisson's ratio is near 0.5. For open-cell polymer foams, Poisson's ratio is near zero, since the cells tend to collapse in compression. Many typical solids have Poisson's ratios in the range of 0.2 to 0.3.

The ratio is named after the French mathematician and physicist Siméon Poisson.
Anderson-Shiro High School
Anderson-Shiro High School is a public secondary school located in Anderson, Texas, United States and classified as a 3A school by the UIL.  It is part of the Anderson-Shiro Consolidated Independent School District located in Grimes County, Texas. In 2017, the school was rated "Met Standard" by the Texas Education Agency.

Grimes County, Texas
Grimes County is a county located in southeastern Texas, United States. As of the 2020 census, its population was 29,268. The seat of the county is Anderson. The county was formed from Montgomery County in 1846.  It is named for Jesse Grimes, a signer of the Texas Declaration of Independence and early European-American settler of the county.

The Navasota and Brazos Rivers form the western boundary of the county. Eastern areas of the county are part of the watershed of the San Jacinto River.
Louis R. Lowery
Louis R. Lowery (July 24, 1916 – April 15, 1987) was a United States Marine Corps captain. He was the only Marine Corps combat photographer to cover six major campaigns during World War II. He is best known for taking the first photographs of the first American flag that was raised on top of Mount Suribachi during the Battle of Iwo Jima on the morning of February 23, 1945.

Lowery was the founder and president of the United States Marine Corps Combat Correspondents Association (USMCCCA). He also was a photographic director of Leatherneck Magazine, a publication of the Marine Corps. He died on April 15, 1987, at age 70 from aplastic anemia and is buried in Quantico National Cemetery in Prince William County, Virginia near the Marine Corps War Memorial. In 2006, Lowery was portrayed by actor David Hornsby in film Flags of Our Fathers.

Prince William County, Virginia
Prince William County lies beside the Potomac River in the Commonwealth of Virginia. At the 2020 census, the population was 482,204, making it Virginia's second most populous county. The county seat is the independent city of Manassas. A part of Northern Virginia, Prince William County is part of the Washington metropolitan area. In 2020, it had the 24th highest income of any county in the United States. The county is named after Prince William, Duke of Cumberland, the youngest son of King George II.
Prison Ship (1945 film)
Prison Ship is a 1945 American war drama film directed by Arthur Dreifuss and starring Nina Foch, Robert Lowery and Richard Loo. It was produced and distributed by Columbia Pictures. Set during Pacific Campaign during World War II it was released several months after VJ Day ended the conflict.

Pacific Ocean theater of World War II
The Pacific Ocean theater of World War II was a major theater of the Pacific War, the war between the Allies and the Empire of Japan. It included the U.S. Pacific Ocean Areas command, which comprised most of the Pacific Ocean and its islands.

The Philippines, Dutch East Indies, British Borneo, Australia, most of the Territory of New Guinea, and the western Solomons were under a different Allied command.
Hard Place
"Hard Place" is a song by American singer H.E.R. released on April 4, 2019 (2019-04-04) as the first single from her fifth EP I Used to Know Her: Part 2 and the second single from her second compilation album I Used to Know Her. It was written by H.E.R., Sam Ashworth, David “Swagg R’Celious” Harris, and Ruby Amanfu and produced by Rodney Jerkins.

Rodney Jerkins
Rodney Roy Jerkins (born July 29, 1977), better known by his stage name Darkchild, is an American record producer, rapper, and songwriter. He has collaborated with a broad range of popular artists.

Jerkins has won two Grammy Awards from 19 nominations. Among his most successful productions are "The Boy Is Mine" by Brandy and Monica, "It's Not Right but It's Okay" by Whitney Houston, "Say My Name" by Destiny's Child, "If You Had My Love" by Jennifer Lopez, "Déjà Vu" by Beyoncé, "Holler" by Spice Girls, "He Wasn’t Man Enough" by Toni Braxton, "Telephone" by Lady Gaga, and "As Long as You Love Me" by Justin Bieber.
Melissa Dell
Melissa Dell (born 1983 or 1984) is an American economist who is the Andrew E. Furer Professor of Economics at Harvard University. Her research interests include development economics, computational economics, political economy, and economic history.

Computational economics
Computational or algorithmic economics is an interdisciplinary field combining computer science and economics to efficiently solve computationally-expensive problems in economics. Some of these areas are unique, while others established areas of economics by allowing robust data analytics and solutions of problems that would be arduous to research without computers and associated numerical methods.

Major advances in computational economics include search and matching theory, game theory, the theory of linear programming, algorithmic mechanism design, and fair division algorithms.
Zareth-shahar
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Easton, Matthew George (1897). "Zareth-shahar". Easton's Bible Dictionary (New and revised ed.). T. Nelson and Sons.

Zareth-shahar, Zereth-shahar, or Zereth Shahar is a place in the Hebrew Bible mentioned only once, in Joshua 13:19. It is identified as being "in the mount of the valley" (KJV), in a passage which delineates the borders of the tribe of Reuben apportioned by Moses (Joshua 13:15-23). Its name means "the splendor of the dawn." Its exact location is unknown.

It may be Zarat, near the mouth of the Wady Zerka Main, on the eastern shore of the Dead Sea, some 3 mi (4.8 km) south of the Callirrhoe, in the territory of the Tribe of Reuben. Little remains of this town. "A few broken basaltic columns and pieces of wall about 200 yards back from the shore, and a ruined fort rather nearer the sea, about the middle of the coast line of the plain, are all that are left" (Henry Baker Tristram's Land of Moab).

Easton's Bible Dictionary
The Illustrated Bible Dictionary, better known as Easton's Bible Dictionary, is a reference work on topics related to the Christian Bible, compiled by Matthew George Easton. The first edition was published in 1893, and a revised edition was published the following year. The most popular edition, however, was the third, published by Thomas Nelson in 1897, three years after Easton's death. The last contains nearly 4,000 entries relating to the Bible. Many of the entries in Easton's are encyclopedic in nature, although there are also short dictionary-type entries.

Because of its age, it is now a public domain resource.
Grzegorz Kaleta
Grzegorz Kaleta (born 21 May 1970) is a Polish sprint canoer who competed from the late 1980s to the mid-1990s. He won five medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with two silvers (K-4 10000 m: 1990, 1993) and three bronzes (K-4 500 m: 1995, K-4 1000 m: 1995, K-4 10000 m: 1989).

Kaleta also competed in two Summer Olympics, earning his best finish of fourth in the K-4 1000 m event at Atlanta in 1996.

1990 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships
The 1990 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships were held in Poznań, Poland, on Lake Malta.

The men's competition consisted of eight Canadian (single paddle, open boat) and nine kayak events. Five events were held for the women, all in kayak.

This was the 23rd championships in the canoe sprint.
Praspel
Praspel (PHP Realistic Annotation and Specification Language) is a formal specification language for PHP. It is based on the design-by-contract paradigm and uses preconditions, postconditions, invariants etc. Specifications are written in the comments of the PHP code (always accessible). Praspel is used for manual or automatic software validation and verification, thanks to realistic domains.

Postcondition
In computer programming, a postcondition is a condition or predicate that must always be true just after the execution of some section of code or after an operation in a formal specification. Postconditions are sometimes tested using assertions within the code itself. Often, postconditions are simply included in the documentation of the affected section of code.

For example: The result of a factorial is always an integer and greater than or equal to 1. So a program that calculates the factorial of an input number would have postconditions that the result after the calculation be an integer and that it be greater than or equal to 1.  Another example: a program that calculates the square root of an input number might have the postconditions that the result be a number and that its square be equal to the input.
2026 Paraná gubernatorial election
The 2026 Paraná gubernatorial election will be held in the state of Paraná, Brazil, on Sunday 4 October 2026. Voters will elect a governor, vice governor, two senators, 30 representatives for the Chamber of Deputies, and 54 Legislative Assembly members. If no candidate for president or governor receives a majority of the valid votes in the first round, a runoff election is held on 25 October.

Incumbent governor Ratinho Júnior of the Social Democratic Party (PSD), reelected in 2022 with 69.64% of the vote in the first round, is term-limited and ineligible to run for a third consecutive term. Incumbent senators Oriovisto Guimarães of the Brazilian Social Democracy Party (PSDB) and Flávio Arns of the Brazilian Socialist Party (PSB) are completing their eight-year terms and are eligible to run for reelection.

Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 2011)
The Social Democratic Party (Portuguese: Partido Social Democrático, PSD) is a political party in Brazil led by Gilberto Kassab and uniting dissidents from various political parties, especially the Democrats, Brazilian Social Democracy Party and Party of National Mobilization.

The party has become a major force for centrism in Brazil and commonly unites with both left-wing and right-wing parties. In this way, the party managed to have members occupying positions in ministries and important secretariats in the governments of presidents Dilma Rousseff, Michel Temer, and Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva. As such, PSD has been considered by political scientists as a big tent party and part of the Centrão. While one of the youngest parties in Brazil, PSD's pragmatic nature has allowed it to grow exponentially, becoming one of the largest parties in Brazil.

After the 2024 Brazilian municipal elections, it has become the party with the most number of mayors in Brazil.
Aftermath of the 2008 Mumbai attacks
In the aftermath of the 2008 Mumbai attacks, there were multiple and far-ranging events that were observed. Besides the immediate impact on the victims and their families, the attacks caused widespread anger among the Indian public, and condemnations from countries throughout the world.

The immediate impact was felt on Mumbai and Maharashtra state, and throughout urban India. There were also after-effects on the Indian government, centre-state relations within India, Indo-Pakistani relations, domestic impact within Pakistan, the United States's relationships with both countries, the US-led NATO war in Afghanistan, and on the global war on terror.
There was also impact on the region of Kashmir and this also led to the 2010 Kashmir Unrest.

Shivraj Patil
Shivraj Vishwanath Patil (12 October 1935 – 12 December 2025) was an Indian politician. He was the Minister of Home Affairs of India, from 2004 to 2008 and 10th Speaker of the Lok Sabha from 1991 to 1996. Patil was Governor of the state of Punjab and Administrator of the Union Territory of Chandigarh from 2010 to 2015. Previously, he served in the Indira Gandhi and Rajiv Gandhi cabinets as Minister of Defence during the 1980s.

Patil resigned from the post of Home Minister on 30 November 2008, following widespread criticism raised after 2008 Mumbai attacks, and took moral responsibility for the security lapse that led to the attacks.
Sepp Ferstl
Josef Ferstl Sr., known as Sepp Ferstl, (born 6 April 1954) is a retired German World Cup alpine ski racer who won the Hahnenkamm, the world's most prestigious downhill race, in consecutive years (1978, 1979).  He made his World Cup debut at the race in 1974 at age 19, and won a silver medal at the World Championships in 1978 in the combined.

Hahnenkamm, Kitzbühel
The Hahnenkamm is a mountain in Europe, directly southwest of Kitzbühel in the Kitzbühel Alps of Austria. The elevation of its summit is 1,712 metres (5,617 ft) above sea level.

The Hahnenkamm (German: rooster's comb) is part of the ski resort of Kitzbühel, and hosts an annual World Cup alpine ski race, the Hahnenkammrennen. The most famous slope on the Hahnenkamm is the classic downhill course, the Streif (streak, or stripe), which is regarded as the most demanding race course on the World Cup circuit.  The course features highly technical, "fall-away" turns (reverse bank), many with limited visibility. It also contains several flat gliding sections, immediately preceded by difficult turns, placing a premium on both technical and gliding skills. The Streif is located on the mountain's northeast face which in January is mostly in the shade, adding the difficulty of flat vision to the already exceptionally demanding run.
Curtis Lake (Clark County, Washington)
Curtis Lake is a lake in Clark County in the U.S. state of Washington. The lake, near the confluence of Salmon Creek and Lake River, is northwest of the community of Felida.

The lake is home to two nonindigenous aquatic species; Perca flavescens  (yellow perch) and Pomoxis annularis (white crappie).

Clark County, Washington
Clark County is the southernmost county in the U.S. state of Washington. As of the 2020 census, the population was 503,311, making it Washington's fifth-most populous county. Its county seat and largest city is Vancouver. It was the first county in Washington, originally named Vancouver County in 1845 before being renamed for William Clark of the Lewis and Clark Expedition in 1849. It was created by the Provisional Government of Oregon in Oregon Country on August 20, 1845, and at that time covered the entire present-day state. Clark County is the third-most-populous county in the Portland metropolitan area, and is across the Columbia River from Portland, Oregon.
Cajah's Mountain, North Carolina
Cajah's Mountain is a town in Caldwell County, North Carolina, United States. As of the 2020 census, Cajah's Mountain had a population of 2,722. It is part of the Hickory–Lenoir–Morganton Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Morganton, North Carolina
Morganton is a city in and the county seat of Burke County, North Carolina, United States. It is located in the foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains along the Catawba River.

The population was 17,474 at the 2020 census. Morganton is approximately 75 miles (121 km) northwest of Charlotte and 57 miles (92 km) east of Asheville. It is one of the principal cities in the Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Katrin Leschke
Katrin Leschke (born 1968) is a German mathematician specialising in differential geometry and known for her work on quaternionic analysis and Willmore surfaces. She works in England as a reader in mathematics at the University of Leicester, where she also heads the "Maths Meets Arts Tiger Team", an interdisciplinary group for the popularisation of mathematics, and led the "m:iv" project of international collaboration on minimal surfaces.

Minimal surface
In mathematics, a minimal surface is a surface that locally minimizes its area. This is equivalent to having zero mean curvature (see definitions below).

The term "minimal surface" is used because these surfaces originally arose as surfaces that minimized total surface area subject to some constraint. Physical models of area-minimizing minimal surfaces can be made by dipping a wire frame into a soap solution, forming a soap film, which is a minimal surface whose boundary is the wire frame. However, the term is used for more general surfaces that may self-intersect or do not have constraints. For a given constraint there may also exist several minimal surfaces with different areas (for example, see minimal surface of revolution): the standard definitions only relate to a local optimum, not a global optimum.
Oil waxing
Oil waxing occurs when heating oil begins to gel, and before it has become too viscous to flow at all in the heating system oil piping, wax particles (wax platelets or little spheres of wax or in some articles, alkane "wax crystals") have already begun to form in the fuel. The wax platelets form first from the long hydrocarbon chains which are a component in the heating oil (or diesel fuel). It is these waxy particles that can clog an oil line or even an oil-fired heating boiler, furnace, or water heater.

Aliphatic compound
In organic chemistry, hydrocarbons (compounds composed solely of carbon and hydrogen) are divided into two classes: aromatic compounds and aliphatic compounds (/ˌælɪˈfætɪk/; G. aleiphar, fat, oil). Aliphatic compounds can be saturated (in which all the C-C bonds are single, requiring the structure to be completed, or 'saturated', by hydrogen) like hexane, or unsaturated, like hexene and hexyne. Open-chain compounds, whether straight or branched, and which contain no rings of any type, are always aliphatic. Cyclic compounds can be aliphatic if they are not aromatic.
Stegodon
Stegodon (from the Ancient Greek στέγω (stégō), meaning "to cover", and ὀδούς (odoús), meaning  "tooth", named for the distinctive ridges on the animal's molars) is an extinct genus of proboscidean, related to elephants. It was originally assigned to the family Elephantidae along with modern elephants but is now placed in the extinct family Stegodontidae. Like elephants, Stegodon had teeth with plate-like lophs that are different from those of more primitive proboscideans like gomphotheres and mammutids.  Fossils of the genus are known from Africa and across much of Asia, as far southeast as Timor (with a single record in southeast Europe). The oldest fossils of the genus are found in Late Miocene strata in Asia, likely originating from the more archaic Stegolophodon, subsequently migrating into Africa. While the genus became extinct in Africa during the Pliocene, Stegodon persisted in South, Southeast and Eastern Asia into the Late Pleistocene.

Sumba
Sumba (Petjo: Soemba-eiland; Indonesian: pulau Sumba), natively also spelt as Humba, Hubba, Suba, or Zuba (in Sumba languages) is an Indonesian island (part of the Lesser Sunda Archipelago group) located in the Eastern Indonesia and administratively part of the East Nusa Tenggara provincial territory. Sumba has an area of 11,243.78 square kilometres (4,341.25 square miles), about the same size as Jamaica or the island of Hawaii. The population was 686,113 at the 2010 Census and 779,049 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as of mid-2024 was 853,428 (comprising 436,845 males and 416,583 females). To the northwest of Sumba is Sumbawa, to the northeast, across the Sumba Strait (Selat Sumba), is Flores, to the east, across the Savu Sea (including Savu Island), is Timor, and to the south, across part of the Indian Ocean, is Australia.
Hexagonal trapezohedron
In geometry, a hexagonal trapezohedron or deltohedron is the fourth in an infinite series of trapezohedra which are dual polyhedra to the antiprisms. It has twelve faces which are congruent kites. It can be described by the Conway notation dA6.

It is an isohedral (face-transitive) figure, meaning that all its faces are the same. More specifically, all faces are not merely congruent but also transitive, i.e. lie within the same symmetry orbit. Convex isohedral polyhedra are the shapes that will make fair dice.

Convex polytope
A convex polytope is a special case of a polytope, having the additional property that it is also a convex set contained in the -dimensional Euclidean space .
Convex polytopes play an important role both in various branches of mathematics and in applied areas, most notably in linear programming.