hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Isaac (Khazar)
Isaac ben Hanukkah was a Jewish ruler of the Khazars mentioned in the Khazar Correspondence. He probably reigned in the mid to late ninth century CE. Little is known about his reign. As with other Bulanid rulers, it is unclear whether Isaac was Khagan or Khagan Bek of the Khazars, although the latter is more likely. The short and long versions of King Joseph's Reply stated that he was succeeded by his son Zebulun whereas Sefer ha-Ittim by Judah ben Barzillai stated that he was succeeded by Manasseh II.

Judah ben Barzillai
Judah ben Barzillai (Albargeloni) was a Catalan Talmudist of the end of the 11th and the beginning of the 12th century. Almost nothing is known of his life. He came of a very distinguished family, on account of which he was not seldom called "ha-Nasi" (the prince), a title of honor borne also by his descendants in Barcelona.

It is very doubtful if Judah was a pupil of Isaac ben Reuben, as some have asserted; nor can the names of his own pupils, and whether Abraham ben Isaac of Lunel (RABaD II) was among them, be determined. It is certain that Abraham ben Isaac knew Judah personally and consulted him in difficult cases. Judah once had a controversy with his learned fellow citizen Abraham ben Ḥiyya. The latter, it seems, tried to postpone a wedding because the stars displayed unfavorable omens, while Judah held such a course to be contrary to law, since the regarding of omens is forbidden in the Scriptures.
The B-Girlz
The B-Girlz are a Canadian drag comedy trio, based in Toronto, Ontario. The troupe's core members are Michael Boyuk, who performs as Kora Harcourt (Hard Kora) and Mark Peacock, who performs as Barbara Quigley (Barbie-Q); while the third member has varied at different times, with performers including Robert Windisman as Conchita Castillio and Shawn Hitchins as Ivana.

Drag (entertainment)
Drag is a performance of exaggerated femininity, masculinity, or other forms of gender expression, usually for entertainment purposes. Drag usually involves cross-dressing. A drag queen is someone (usually male) who performs femininely and a drag king is someone (usually female) who performs masculinely. Performances often involve comedy, music, social satire, and at times political commentary. The term may be used as a noun as in the expression in drag or as an adjective as in drag show.
2011 Open de Nice Côte d'Azur
The 2011 Open de Nice Côte d'Azur was a men's tennis tournament play on outdoor clay courts. It was the 27th edition of the Open de Nice Côte d'Azur and was part of the ATP World Tour 250 series of the 2011 ATP World Tour. It took place at the Nice Lawn Tennis Club in Nice, France, from 16 May through 21 May 2011. Third-seeded Nicolás Almagro won the singles title.

ATP 250 tournaments
The ATP 250 tournaments are the lowest tier of annual men's tennis tournaments on the main ATP Tour, after the four Grand Slam tournaments, ATP Finals, ATP Masters 1000 tournaments, and ATP 500 tournaments. The winners of each tournament are awarded 250 ranking points—which accounts for the name of the series.

As of 2026, the series included 30 tournaments after the retirement of four tournaments (Atlanta, Córdoba, Lyon and Metz), the downgrade of two in 2025 (Estoril for a year, and Newport) and the upgrade of three tournaments to the 500 level (Dallas, Doha and Munich). Draws usually consist of 28 for singles, with Brisbane International (32) and Winston-Salem Open (48) being the only exceptions. Doubles draws consist of 16 teams.

Thomas Muster holds the record for most singles titles at 26, while Mike Bryan holds the record for most doubles titles won with 46.
Acacia eremaea
Acacia eremaea is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to the west of Western Australia. It is a dense shrub or tree with ribbed, terete branchlets, erect, narrowly elliptic to elliptic phyllodes, spherical heads of golden yellow flowers, and linear, leathery pods strongly raised over the seeds.

Phyllode
Phyllodes are modified petioles or leaf stalks, which are leaf-like in both appearance and function. In some plants, these  become flattened and widened, while the leaf itself becomes reduced or vanishes altogether. Thus the phyllode comes to serve the purpose of the leaf. Some important examples are Euphorbia royleana which are cylindrical and Opuntia which are flattened.

They are common in the genus Acacia, especially the Australian species, at one time put in Acacia subg. Phyllodineae. Sometimes, especially on younger plants, partially formed phyllodes bearing reduced leaves can be seen. The illustration (to the right) of Acacia suaveolens from Novae Hollandiae plantarum specimen shows the juvenile true leaves, together with the developing phyllodes, and the phyllodes of the mature plant.

The genus, Daviesia, in the family Fabaceae, is characterised in part by the plants having phyllodes.
Eating your own dog food
Eating your own dog food or "dogfooding" is the practice of using one's own products or services. This can be a way for an organization to test its products in real-world usage using product management techniques. Hence dogfooding can act as quality control, and eventually a kind of testimonial advertising. Once in the market, dogfooding can demonstrate developers' confidence in their own products.

Testimonial
In promotion and advertising, a testimonial or show consists of a person's written or spoken statement extolling the virtue of a product. The term "testimonial" most commonly applies to the sales-pitches attributed to ordinary citizens, whereas the word "endorsement" usually applies to pitches by celebrities. Testimonials can be part of communal marketing.
McClure (crater)
McClure is a small lunar impact crater. It is located along the western edge of the Mare Fecunditatis, due east of the prominent crater Colombo. To the north of McClure is the similar Crozier, and to the southwest is the larger Cook. The outer rim is nearly circular and not significantly worn. The inner walls slope down to a somewhat irregular interior floor. McClure C is attached to the exterior of the northwest rim.

Mare Fecunditatis
Mare Fecunditatis /fɪˌkʌndɪˈteɪtɪs/ (Latin fēcunditātis, the 'Sea of Fecundity' or 'Sea of Fertility') is a lunar mare in the eastern half of the visible Moon. The mare has a maximum diameter of 840 km.
2012 Aaron's 499
The 2012 Aaron's 499 was a NASCAR Sprint Cup Series stock car race held on May 6, 2012 at Talladega Superspeedway in Talladega, Alabama. Contested over 194 laps (with a green-white-checkered finish), it was the tenth race of the 2012 season. Brad Keselowski of Penske Racing took his second win of the season, while Kyle Busch finished second and Matt Kenseth finished third.

There were five cautions and thirty-five lead changes among nineteen different drivers throughout the course of the race. The result moved Keselowski into the twelfth position in the Drivers' Championship. He remained seventy-nine points behind of first place driver Greg Biffle and thirteen ahead of thirteen placed Ryan Newman. Chevrolet maintained its lead in the Manufacturers' Championship, five points ahead of Toyota and ten ahead of Ford, with twenty-six races remaining in the season.

Casey Mears
Casey James Mears (born March 12, 1978) is an American professional off-road and stock car racing driver. He currently competes part-time in the NASCAR Cup Series, driving the No. 66 Ford Mustang Dark Horse for Garage 66. He has raced in IndyCar, NASCAR's three national series, including fifteen seasons in the Cup Series, SCORE International, and the Stadium Super Trucks. A former winner of the Coca-Cola 600, Mears is a member of the Mears racing family as the nephew of four-time Indianapolis 500 winner Rick Mears and the son of IndyCar and off-road veteran Roger Mears.
Acidulated water
Acidulated water is water where some sort of acid is added—often lemon juice, lime juice, or vinegar—to prevent cut or skinned fruits or vegetables from browning so as to maintain their appearance. Some vegetables and fruits often placed in acidulated water are apples, avocados, celeriac, potatoes and pears. When the fruit or vegetable is removed from the mixture, it will usually resist browning for at least an hour or two, even though it is being exposed to oxygen.

An added benefit of placing items in acidulated water is that the food item acquires a taste of the acid used, which can be very pleasant on the palate.

Acidulated water, most often made with the use of vinegar, can be used on an aged, hanging beef carcass (butchered) to help clean it.  The hanging primals / sub-primals can be wiped down with a cloth that has been submerged in the acidulated solution to help remove the "slick" surface that can build up during the aging process.

Lime (fruit)
A lime is the fruit of several species of citrus, most of which are hybrids within the genus Citrus (family Rutaceae). Limes are generally small, round to oval fruits with green flesh and skin and a distinctly sour taste due to their high citric acid content. They are widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions for culinary, medicinal, and ornamental purposes.

The term "lime" is used for a variety of citrus fruits, including the Key lime (Citrus × aurantiifolia), Persian lime (Citrus × latifolia), Makrut lime (Citrus hystrix), finger lime (Citrus australasica), blood lime (hybrid), and desert lime among others. Limes are a rich source of vitamin C and are used to accent the flavours of foods and beverages. In 2023, world production of limes (combined with lemons) was 23.6 million tonnes, led by India and Mexico.
Everybody's Sweetheart (1920 film)
Everybody's Sweetheart is a 1920 American silent comedy-drama film directed by Laurence Trimble and Alan Crosland and written by John Lynch. The film stars Olive Thomas and William Collier Jr. Everybody's Sweetheart was Thomas' final film role and was released nearly a month after her death from acute nephritis (due to accidental ingestion of mercury bichloride) in Paris on September 10, 1920.

A copy of Everybody's Sweetheart is preserved in the George Eastman Museum Motion Picture Collection.

George Eastman Museum Motion Picture Collection
The George Eastman Museum Motion Picture Collection in Rochester, New York comprises about 28,000 titles, including features, shorts, documentaries, newsreels, and experimental moving images. The collection is renowned for its holdings of silent films. The George Eastman Museum owns the Louis B. Mayer Conservation Center, where its holdings of nitrate films are stored. In 1996, the Eastman Museum founded the L. Jeffrey Selznick School of Film Preservation.
The Whitey Album
The Whitey Album is an album by Ciccone Youth, a  side project of Sonic Youth members Steve Shelley, Kim Gordon, Lee Ranaldo and Thurston Moore, featuring contributions from Minutemen/Firehose member Mike Watt and J Mascis of Dinosaur Jr.

Dinosaur Jr.
Dinosaur Jr. is an American rock band formed in Amherst, Massachusetts, in 1984. The band was founded by J Mascis (guitar, vocals, primary songwriter), Lou Barlow (bass, vocals), and Murph (drums). After three albums on independent labels, the band earned a reputation as one of the formative influences on American alternative rock. Creative tension led to Mascis firing Barlow, who later formed Sebadoh and Folk Implosion. His replacement, Mike Johnson, came aboard for three major-label albums. Murph eventually quit, with Mascis taking over drums on the band's albums before the group disbanded in 1997. The original lineup reformed in 2005, releasing five albums thereafter.

Mascis's drawling vocals and distinct guitar sound, harking back to 1960s and 1970s classic rock and characterized by extensive use of feedback and distortion, were highly influential in the alternative rock movement of the 1990s.
Rescaldina
Rescaldina (Italian pronunciation: [reskalˈdiːna]) is a comune (municipality) that is part of the Metropolitan City of Milan, in the Province of Milan in the Italian region Lombardy, with a population of 14,211 (as of 1 January 2019) distributed over about 8 km2 (3.1 sq mi), and located about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northwest of Milan.

Saronno
Saronno (Italian: [saˈrɔnno]; Lombard: Saronn [saˈrɔn]) is a comune of Lombardy, Italy, in the province of Varese. It received the honorary title of city with a presidential decree in 1960. With an estimated population of 39351 inhabitants, it is the most densely populated among the big municipalities in its province.

The place is well known for its apricot kernel biscuits (amaretti) and liqueur (amaretto), produced by ILLVA Saronno locally. It is also a relevant manufacturing town.
Bill Fulton (Victorian politician)
William Oliver Fulton (24 February 1891 – 27 August 1975) was an Australian politician.

Fulton was born in Mooroopna to butcher George Fulton and Caroline Eatwell. Educated locally, he became a blacksmith at Charlton and Wonthaggi, and served with the 13th Light Horse Regiment in World War I. On 24 April 1915 he married Mary Emma Lancaster, with whom he had five children. In 1921 he settled at Maffra, where he became a manufacturer of agricultural implements. In June 1955 he had married Marjorie Beryl Moss, née Cowden.

In 1942 Fulton was elected to the Victorian Legislative Assembly as the Country Party member for Gippsland North. Defeated in 1945, he was returned in 1947. In 1950 he was appointed Minister of Health in the Country Party government, but he lost his seat in 1952. In 1953 he won a by-election for Gippsland Province in the Victorian Legislative Council, where he served until his retirement in 1964. Fulton died in Maffra in 1975.

13th Light Horse Regiment (Australia)
The 13th Light Horse Regiment was a mounted infantry regiment of the Australian Army during the First World War. The regiment was raised in March 1915, and eventually assigned as the mounted regiment for the Australian Corps. During the war the regiment fought against the forces of the Ottoman Empire, at Gallipoli, and against the German Empire on the Western Front. For its role in the war the regiment was awarded twelve battle honours. In 1921, it was later re-raised as a part-time unit of the Citizens Forces, and was briefly amalgamated with the 19th Light Horse. During the Second World War, the regiment was converted into an armoured regiment, designated the "13th Armoured Regiment", although it was disbanded in late 1943 without seeing action.
Celtic rainforests in Wales
There are various areas of temperate rainforests in Wales, also termed a "Celtic rainforest". They are located largely in river valleys, adjacent to the sea, on Wales' western coasts, particularly in Snowdonia (Eryri), Powys and Ceredigion.

Various organisations have been making efforts to maintain the existing rainforests, or even to extend them or keep them protected from invasive species. It has been estimated that up to 50% of Wales' land area could become/have been areas of temperate rainforest.

Elan Valley
The Elan Valley (Welsh: Cwm Elan) is a river valley situated to the west of Rhayader, in Powys, Wales, sometimes known as the "Welsh Lake District". It covers 70 square miles (180 km2) of lake and countryside.

The valley contains the Elan Valley Reservoirs and Elan Village, designed by architect Herbert Tudor Buckland as part of the same scheme. Elan Village is the only purpose-built Arts and Crafts "Model Village" in Wales.

The area is known for its scenery, and over 80% of the valley is designated as Sites of Special Scientific Interest. A cycle trail, the Elan Valley Trail, makes a loop from Rhayader around the reservoirs. Part of the cycle trail overlaps with a spur of National Cycle Route 81 (Lon Cambria).

As of 2015 it is an International Dark Sky Park.
Tripura (Telugu author)
Rayasam Venkata Tripurantakeswara Rao (2 September 1928 – 24 May 2013), popularly known as Tripura, was an Indian Telugu short story writer of the 1960s and 1970s. He was born on 2 September 1928 in Purushottampur Tehsil of Ganjam District of Orissa state. His father was a surgeon and worked in Government Hospital there.

Tripura had his initial schooling at Visakhapatnam in Andhra Pradesh and completed his M.A. (English) from Banaras Hindu University (BHU) in 1953. He did not complete his doctoral thesis on Graham Greene. Tripura initially worked at various places like Burma, Madanapalli, Visakhapatnam, and Jajpur, before settling down in 1960 at Tripura University, Agartala, in the North Eastern State of Tripura, India.

Tripura lived in Visakhapatnam in the state of Andhra Pradesh. He died on 24 May 2013, at the age of 84.

Agartala
Agartala (/əˈɡɑːrtələ/, Bengali: [ˈagɔɾˌtɔla] ⓘ, Kok Borok: [aguli]) is the capital and the largest city of the Indian state of Tripura, situated on the banks of Haora/Saidra River, about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) east of the border with Bangladesh and about 2,499 km (1,552 mi) from the national capital, New Delhi. According to 2022 AMC data, Agartala is the second most populous city after Guwahati in Northeast India. It is India's third international internet gateway and being developed under the Smart Cities Mission.
Alexandrovskoye, Alexandrovsky District, Tomsk Oblast
Alexandrovskoye (Russian: Алекса́ндровское) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Alexandrovsky District of Tomsk Oblast, Russia, located on the Ob River. Population:  7,211 (2010 Census); 7,976 (2002 Census); 8,399 (1989 Soviet census).

Ob
The Ob (/ˈɒb/; Russian: Обь) is a major river in Russia. It is in western Siberia, and with its tributary the Irtysh forms the world's seventh-longest river system, at 5,410 kilometres (3,360 mi). The Ob forms at the confluence of the Biya and Katun which have their origins in the Altai Mountains. It is the westernmost of the three great Siberian rivers that flow into the Arctic Ocean (the other two being the Yenisei and the Lena). Its flow is north-westward, then northward.

The main city on its banks is Novosibirsk, the largest city in Siberia, and the third-largest city in Russia. It is where the Trans-Siberian Railway crosses the river.

The Gulf of Ob is the world's longest estuary.
Scythris sinensis
Scythris sinensis is a moth of the family Scythrididae first described by the Austrian entomologists Baron Cajetan von Felder and Alois Friedrich Rogenhofer in 1875. The moth is found in Asia, Europe and North America.

Cajetan von Felder
Baron Cajetan von Felder (German: Cajetan Freiherr von Felder; 19 September 1814 – 30 November 1894) was an Austrian lawyer, entomologist and liberal politician. He served as mayor of Vienna from 1868 to 1878.
Battle of Gniewkowo
Battle of Gniewkowo was fought in 1375, during Władysław the White's rebellion, between rebel forces of Władysław the White, that included Duchy of Gniewkowo and Burgundian military units aided by Philip the Bold, against forces of Kingdom of Poland led by Sędziwój Pałuka, and Pomerania-Stolp led by Casimir IV. It was fought near Gniewkowo, a capital of Duchy of Gniewkowo, ruled by Władysław. The battle ended with a decisive Polish victory and severe casualties on the rebel side. After the defeat, Władysław had retreated with his remaining forces to the Złotoria Castle, where they had faced a siege.

Gniewkowo
Gniewkowo (Polish pronunciation: [ɡɲɛfˈkɔvɔ]) is a town in Inowrocław County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland with a population of 7,301 inhabitants (2005). It is located within the historic region of Kuyavia.

Founded in the Middle Ages and first recorded in 1185, from 1314 to 1364 Gniewkowo was the seat of a local line of the Piast dynasty, and then a royal town of Poland. During World War II, it was the site of German Nazi massacres of some 4,000 Poles. It is located on the Polish 353 railway line connecting Poznań with Toruń and Olsztyn.
Fyodor Tuvin
Fyodor Vladimirovich Tuvin (Russian: Фёдор Владимирович Тувин; 3 July 1973 – 13 May 2013) was a Russian football midfielder.

Tuvin was born and died in Ivanovo, and played for his home club, FC Tekstilshchik Ivanovo, for seven years.  He made his debut in the Russian Premier League in 1999 for FC Shinnik Yaroslavl.  He died suddenly at the age of thirty-nine.

Ivanovo
Ivanovo (Russian: Иваново, IPA: [ɪˈvanəvə] ⓘ) is a city in Russia and the administrative center and largest city of Ivanovo Oblast, located 254 kilometers (158 mi) northeast of Moscow and approximately 100 kilometers (62 mi) from Yaroslavl, Vladimir and Kostroma. Ivanovo has a population of 361,644 as of the 2021 Census, making it the 50th largest city in Russia. Until 1932, it was previously known as Ivanovo-Voznesensk. It is the youngest city of the Golden Ring of Russia.

The city lies on the Uvod River, in the centre of the eponymous oblast. Ivanovo gained city status in 1871, emerged as a major center for textile production, and began to be referred to as the "Russian Manchester". The city is served by Ivanovo Yuzhny Airport.
Krascheninnikovia lanata
Krascheninnikovia lanata is a species of flowering plant currently placed in the family Amaranthaceae (previously, Chenopodiaceae), known by the common names winterfat, white sage, and wintersage.  It is native to much of western North America: from central Western Canada; through the Western United States; to northern Mexico.

The genus was named for Stepan Krasheninnikov—the early 18th-century Russian botanist and explorer of Siberia and Kamchatka.

Stepan Krasheninnikov
Stepan Petrovich Krasheninnikov (Russian: Степа́н Петро́вич Крашени́нников; November 11 [O.S. October 31] 1711 – March 8 [O.S. February 25] 1755) was a Russian explorer of Siberia, naturalist and geographer who gave the first full description of Kamchatka in the early 18th century. He was elected to the Russian Academy of Sciences in 1745. The Krasheninnikov Volcano on Kamchatka is named in his honour.
Class II gene
A class II gene is a type of gene that codes for a protein. Class II genes are transcribed by RNAP II .

Class II genes have a promoter that may contain a TATA box.

Basal transcription of class II genes requires the formation of a preinitiation complex.

They are transcribed by RNA polymerase II, include both intron and exon, and code for polypeptide.

Promoter (genetics)
In genetics, a promoter is a sequence of DNA to which proteins bind to initiate transcription of a single RNA transcript from the DNA downstream of the promoter. The RNA transcript may encode a protein (mRNA), or can have a function in and of itself, such as tRNA or rRNA. Promoters are located near the transcription start sites of genes, upstream on the DNA (towards the 5' region of the sense strand).
Promoters can be about 100–1000 base pairs long, the sequence of which is highly dependent on the gene and product of transcription, type or class of RNA polymerase recruited to the site, and species of organism.
G 1/05 and G 1/06
G 1/05 and G 1/06 are decisions of the Enlarged Board of Appeal (EBA) of the European Patent Office (EPO) that were issued on 28 June 2007 and answer questions relating to divisional applications under the European Patent Convention (EPC). The two decisions were published in the Official Journal of the EPO in May 2008.

European Patent Office
The European Patent Office (EPO) is one of the two organs of the European Patent Organisation (EPOrg), the other being the Administrative Council. The EPO acts as executive body for the organisation while the Administrative Council acts as its supervisory body as well as, to a limited extent, its legislative body. The actual legislative power to revise the European Patent Convention lies with the Contracting States themselves when meeting at a Conference of the Contracting States.

Within the European Patent Office, examiners are notably in charge of studying European patent applications, filed by applicants, to decide whether to grant a patent for an invention. The patents granted by the European Patent Office are called European patents.