hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Knowledge economy
The knowledge economy, or knowledge-based economy, is an economic system in which the production of goods and services is primarily driven by knowledge-intensive activities that contribute to the advancement of technical and scientific innovation. The key element of value in this paradigm lies in the increased reliance on human capital and intellectual property as primary sources of innovative ideas, information, and practices. Organizations are called upon to leverage this "knowledge" in their production processes to stimulate and consolidate their business development. This approach is characterized by reduced dependence on physical inputs and natural resources. A knowledge-based economy is founded on the crucial role of intangible assets within organisations as an enabler of modern economic growth.

Goods and services
Goods are items that are usually (but not always) tangible, such as pens or pears. Services are activities provided by other people, such as teachers or barbers. Taken together, it is the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services which underpins all economic activity and trade. According to economic theory, consumption of goods and services is assumed to provide utility (satisfaction) to the consumer or end-user, although businesses also consume goods and services in the course of producing their own.
Nadezhda Fedutenko
Nadezhda Nikiforovna Fedutenko (Russian: Надежда Никифоровна Федутенко, 30 September 1915 – 28 January 1978) was a Soviet Air Force officer and combat pilot. She fought in the Second World War as squadron commander in the 125th Guards Bomber Aviation Regiment, and was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union for her leadership.

Petlyakov Pe-2
The Petlyakov Pe-2 (Russian: Петляков Пе-2 — nickname «Пешка» (Pawn);  NATO reporting name: Buck) was a Soviet twin-engine dive bomber used during World War II. One of the outstanding tactical attack aircraft of the war, it also proved successful as a heavy fighter, as a night fighter (Pe-3 variant) and as a reconnaissance aircraft. The Pe-2 was, numerically, the most important Soviet bomber of World War II, at their peak comprising 75% of the Soviet twin-engine bomber force. The Soviets manufactured Pe-2s in greater numbers (11,430 built) during the war than any other twin-engine combat aircraft except for the German Junkers Ju 88 and the British Vickers Wellington. Several Soviet bloc air forces flew the type after the war, when it became known by the NATO reporting name Buck.
The Simpsons Meet the Bocellis in "Feliz Navidad"
The Simpsons Meet the Bocellis in "Feliz Navidad" is an American animated short film based on the television series The Simpsons produced by Gracie Films and 20th Television Animation, debuting on the streaming service Disney+ on December 15, 2022. Like the previous Simpsons shorts, it was directed by David Silverman.

20th Television Animation
20th Television Animation (formerly known as Fox Television Animation) is an American animation studio and production company that creates, develops, produces, publishes, and distributes primarily adult animated television series and specials. Established on May 19, 1999, it is a unit of Disney Television Studios, a subsidiary of Disney Entertainment, which is a division of the Walt Disney Company.
Stian Angermund
Stian Angermund (born 27 August 1986) is a Norwegian trail runner and mountain runner who won the 2021 Amazing Thailand World Mountain and Trail Running Championships at the 40km distance.

He has also won the Salomon Golden Trail World Series in 2018 and 2021. Angermund holds the record of the Zegama-Aizkorri trail race. He won two gold medals at the 2016 Skyrunning World Championships held in Lleida, Spain, in the Vertical kilometer and SkyMarathon.

Skyrunning
Skyrunning is a sport of mountain running above 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) where the minimum average incline is 6% over the total distance and at least 5% has an incline of 30% or more. The climbing difficulty does not exceed II grade UIAA. Poles, crampons, and hands may be used to aid progress. The governing body is the International Skyrunning Federation.

The sport comprises a number of different disciplines from the short, steep Vertical Kilometer to the more popular SkyRace and SkyMarathon. Ultra SkyMarathons are becoming increasingly popular as are short vertical SkySpeed races which include skyscraper racing.
Herova? Zerova?
Herova? Zerova? (transl. Hero or Zero?) is a 2008 Indian Tamil-language short docudrama produced by Suriya. Sponsored by the Ministry of Education of Tamil Nadu, the 5-minute film was directed by V. Priya with cinematography by K. V. Anand and music by Harris Jayaraj. It was featured on Kalaignar TV and officially uploaded to YouTube, but was later removed.

The film highlighted the importance of childhood education and sought to create awareness of early dropouts and child labour in Tamil Nadu. In the intro of the film, then-chief minister M. Karunanidhi recites his own poem on education. Along with Suriya, actors R. Madhavan, Jyothika and Vijay (in order of appearance) feature as themselves.

K. V. Anand
Karimanal Venkatesan Anand (30 October 1966 – 30 April 2021) was an Indian cinematographer, film director and photojournalist, worked mainly in the Tamil film industry. After a short period as a photojournalist, he became a cinematographer in the early 1990s, working on about fifteen films in the Southern and Hindi cinema industries. Anand won the National Film Award for Best Cinematography for his debut film as a cinematographer, Thenmavin Kombath. In 2005, Anand turned film director with the critically acclaimed Kana Kandaen. He was a founding member of the Indian Society of Cinematographers (ISC).
Myanophis
Myanophis is a genus of snake in the family Homalopsidae that contains the sole species Myanophis thanlyinensis. It is endemic to Myanmar, and was described in 2021 from two male and two female specimens found in the vicinity of the campus of East Yangon University.

Aside from genetic differences, it can be distinguished from all other homalopsid genera by its smooth dorsal scales, short tail length in relation to the body, separated nasal scales, unique number of ventral and subcaudal scales, and bilobed hemipenis in males. It is most closely related to the genera Myrrophis and Gyiophis, from which it can be distinguished by its bilobed hemipenis as opposed to unilobed in the other two genera.

East Yangon University
The University of East Yangon (Burmese: ရန်ကုန် အရှေ့ပိုင်း တက္ကသိုလ် [jàɰ̃ɡòʊɰ̃ ʔəsʰḛbáɪɰ̃ tɛʔkəθò]), located in Thanlyin in the southeastern suburbs of Yangon, is a liberal arts and sciences university in Myanmar. The university offers bachelor's degree programs in liberal arts and science and law.

A train service opened in 2006 connects the university campus to downtown Yangon. About 2000 students use the service daily.

New Convocation Hall building is finished and had been grandly opened on 25 November 2014.
Listed buildings in Kennington, Kent
Kennington is a village and civil parish in the Borough of Ashford of Kent, England. It contains 46 grade II listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.

This list is based on the information retrieved online from Historic England

Borough of Ashford
The Borough of Ashford is a local government district with borough status in Kent, England. It is named after its largest town, Ashford, where the council is based. The borough also includes the town of Tenterden and an extensive surrounding rural area including numerous villages; with an area of 580 square kilometres (220 sq mi), it is the largest district in Kent. Parts of the borough lie within the designated Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty of High Weald and the Kent Downs.

The neighbouring districts are (clockwise from west) Tunbridge Wells, Maidstone, Swale, Canterbury, Folkestone and Hythe, and Rother. The latter is in East Sussex, the rest are in Kent.
Pierre Viette
Pierre E. L. Viette (29 June 1921 – 30 April 2011) was a French entomologist. He attended university in Dijon during the German occupation of France in World War II, then spent his entire career at the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle in Paris. He specialized in insect systematics, especially Lepidoptera, and had over 400 articles published.

Systematics
Systematics is the study of the diversification of living forms, both past and present, and the relationships among living things through time. Relationships are visualized as evolutionary trees (synonyms: phylogenetic trees, phylogenies).  Phylogenies have two components: branching order (showing group relationships, graphically represented in cladograms) and branch length (showing amount of evolution).  Phylogenetic trees of species and higher taxa are used to study the evolution of traits (e.g., anatomical or molecular characteristics) and the distribution of organisms (biogeography). Systematics, in other words, is used to understand the evolutionary history of life on Earth.

The word systematics is derived from the Latin word of Ancient Greek origin systema, which means systematic arrangement of organisms. Carl Linnaeus used 'Systema Naturae' as the title of his book.
Read Between the Lines (KSM album)
Read Between the Lines is the only studio album by the American rock band KSM. It was released on September 22, 2009, by Buena Vista and Walt Disney Records. The band toured with Demi Lovato to support the album. The album was produced and mostly written by Matthew Gerrard and Robbie Nevil. The album also includes a cover version of "I Want You to Want Me" by Cheap Trick, which was used to promote the new television series 10 Things I Hate About You on the ABC Family network.

Walt Disney Records
Walt Disney Records is an American record label owned by the Disney Music Group. The label releases soundtrack albums from the Walt Disney Company's motion picture studios, television shows, theme parks and traditional studio albums produced by its roster of pop, teen pop and country artists.

The music label was founded in the Spring of 1956 as Disneyland Records. Before that time, Disney recordings were licensed to a variety of other labels such as RCA, Decca, Capitol, ABC-Paramount, and United Artists. It was Disney Legend Jimmy Johnson who convinced Walt Disney’s brother Roy O. Disney that Disney, at time known as Walt Disney Productions should form their own record label. It adopted its current name in 1988 and is currently distributed worldwide by Universal Music Group.
Mustilia sphingiformis
Mustilia sphingiformis is a moth in the family Endromidae first described by Frederic Moore in 1879. It is found in south-east Asia, including Vietnam, Myanmar, India and Bhutan.

The wingspan is 58–82 mm. The head and thorax are purplish grey brown and the abdomen is dark brown. The forewings are pale red brown, with the markings slight and obsolescent. The whole outer area is suffused with chestnut from the apex to the outer angle as far as the postmedial line at the middle. The hindwings are mostly ochreous, but the inner area is brown.

The larvae have been recorded feeding on Ficus retusa and Fraxinus pennsylvanica.

Fraxinus pennsylvanica
Fraxinus pennsylvanica, the green ash or red ash, is a species of ash native to eastern and central North America, from Nova Scotia west to southeastern Alberta and eastern Colorado, south to northern Florida, and southwest to Oklahoma and eastern Texas. It has spread and become naturalized in much of the western United States and also in Argentina and Europe, from Spain to Russia.

Other names more rarely used include downy ash, swamp ash, and water ash.
Kannedhirey Thondrinal
Kannedhirey Thondrinal (transl. She appeared before the eyes) is a 1998 Indian Tamil-language romantic drama film directed by newcomer Ravichandran. The film stars Prashanth and Simran. It was released on 11 September 1998, and was commercially successful. Owing to its success, the film was remade in Telugu as Manasulo Maata (1998), in Kannada as Snehaloka (1999), in Malayalam as Dhosth (2001), in Bengali as Sangee (2003) and in Marathi as Friends (2016).

Simran (actress)
Rishibala Naval (born 4 April 1976), known professionally as Simran, is an Indian actress,  who predominantly works in Tamil films whilst also appearing in Telugu, Hindi, Kannada and Malayalam films. She is the recipient of numerous accolades including three Filmfare Awards South and one Tamil Nadu State Film Award.

Simran debuted in Tamil films in 1997, with two successful films Once More and V.I.P., which earned her Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut – South. She won the Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Tamil for Kannathil Muthamittal (2002) and Best Supporting Actress – Tamil for Vaaranam Aayiram (2008). Following a career hiatus, Simran returned to screens in 2014.
Caren Chebet
Caren Chebet (born 24 May 2000) is a Kenyan cross country runner and steeplechaser. She was the gold medalist at the  2017 World Youth Championships in Athletics in the 2000 metres steeplechase, and a bronze medalist at the 2022 African Championships in the 3000 metres steeplechase.

3000 metres steeplechase
The 3000 metres steeplechase or 3000-meter steeplechase (usually abbreviated as 3000mSC) is the most common distance for the steeplechase in track and field. It is an obstacle race over the distance of the 3000 metres, which derives its name from the horse racing steeplechase.
Virginia State Route 210
State Route 210 (SR 210) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia. Known as the Old Town Connector, the state highway runs 3.14 miles (5.05 km) from SR 163 in Madison Heights east to U.S. Route 29 (US 29) near Madison Heights in southeastern Amherst County.

Virginia State Colony for Epileptics and Feebleminded
The Virginia State Colony for the Epileptics and Feeble Minded was a state run institution for those considered to be “Feeble minded” or those with severe mental impairment.  The colony opened in 1910 near Lynchburg, Virginia, in Madison Heights with the goal of isolating those with mental disabilities and other qualities deemed unfit for reproduction away from society. The colony was the home of Carrie Buck, the subject of the landmark Supreme Court case Buck v. Bell.
North Hartland Dam
North Hartland Dam (National ID # VT00002) is a dam on the Ottauquechee River in Hartland, Windsor County, Vermont.

The earthen dam was constructed between 1958 and 1961 by the United States Army Corps of Engineers, with a height of 182 feet (55 m), and a length of 1,640 feet (500 m) at its crest. It impounds the river for flood control and storm water management.  The dam is owned and operated by the New England District, North Atlantic Division, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.

The riverine reservoir it creates, North Hartland Lake, has a normal water surface of 215 acres (87 ha), a maximum capacity of 94,600 acre-feet (120 million cubic meters), and a much smaller normal capacity of 2,350 acre⋅ft (2.9 million m3).  Recreation includes fishing, swimming and boating in the summer, and winter sports such as snowmobiling, cross country skiing, and snowshoeing.

Windsor County, Vermont
Windsor County is a county located in the U.S. state of Vermont. As of the 2020 census, the population was 57,753. The shire town (county seat) is the town of Woodstock. The county's largest municipality is the town of Hartford.
1981 Milwaukee Brewers season
The 1981 Milwaukee Brewers season was the franchise's 13th overall season and 12th season based in Milwaukee. The Brewers finished first in American League East during the second half of the split season (caused by the 1981 Major League Baseball strike) and compiled an overall record of 62 wins and 47 losses. The team advanced to the postseason for the first time in franchise history due to their second-half first-place finish, but lost to the New York Yankees in the ALDS. Rollie Fingers became the first relief pitcher in the history of the American League to win the MVP Award.

1981 Major League Baseball strike
The 1981 Major League Baseball strike was the first work stoppage in Major League Baseball since the 1972 Major League Baseball strike that caused regular season games to be cancelled. It was the fourth work stoppage since 1972, but actions in 1973, 1976, and 1980 cancelled no regular-season games. The strike began on June 12 and forced the cancellation of 712 games—nearly 34 percent of the Major League schedule—in the middle of the season. The two sides reached an agreement on July 31. Play resumed on August 9 with the All-Star Game; regular-season games resumed the following day.

An estimated US$146 million was lost in player salaries, ticket sales, broadcast revenues, and concession revenues. The players lost $4 million a week in salaries while the 30 owners lost a total of $72 million.
Paris Qualles
Paris Qualles (pronounced kwal'-less: born December 5, 1951)  is an American screenwriter and television producer.

Qualles has written episodes for several television series, including Seaquest DSV, The Cape, M.A.N.T.I.S., Law & Order, Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman, Quantum Leap, and China Beach. His television movies include A Raisin in the Sun, The Rosa Parks Story, The Color of Friendship, A House Divided, and The Tuskegee Airmen.

M.A.N.T.I.S.
M.A.N.T.I.S. is an American superhero television series that aired for one season on the Fox Network between August 26, 1994, and March 3, 1995, with its final two episodes airing on Sci-Fi Channel on September 7 and 14, 1997.

The original two-hour TV movie pilot was produced by Sam Raimi and developed by Sam Hamm.
Narcology
Narcology (Russian: наркология: narkológija), from Russian нарко- (narco-, pertaining to narcotics, illicit drugs) + -логия (-logy, "branch of study") is a subspecialty of psychiatry dealing with the prevention, treatment, diagnosis, social care and recovery of drug-dependent persons. The study and science of phenomena of "narcomania", "toxicomania", chronic alcoholism, and its ætiology, pathogenesis, and clinical aspects. The term for a practitioner of narcology is narcologist. In the United States, the comparable terms are "addiction medicine" and "addictionist".

Narcology was introduced as a separated medical specialty in the Soviet Union during the early 1960s through the 1970s. The term "narcology" is used especially in the countries of the former Soviet Union, including Russia.

Cause (medicine)
Cause, also called etiology (/ˌiːtiˈɒlədʒi/) or aetiology, is the reason or origination of something.

The word etiology is derived from the Greek αἰτιολογία (aitiología), meaning "giving a reason for" (from Ancient Greek  αἰτία (aitía) 'cause' and  -λογία (-logía)).
Ferrier carbocyclization
The Ferrier carbocyclization (or Ferrier II reaction) is an organic reaction that was first reported by the carbohydrate chemist Robert J. Ferrier in 1979.  It is a metal-mediated rearrangement of enol ether pyrans to cyclohexanones.  Typically, this reaction is catalyzed by mercury salts, specifically mercury(II) chloride.

Several reviews have been published.

Organic reaction
Organic reactions are chemical reactions involving organic compounds. The basic organic chemistry reaction types are addition reactions, elimination reactions, substitution reactions, pericyclic reactions, rearrangement reactions, photochemical reactions and redox reactions. In organic synthesis, organic reactions are used in the construction of new organic molecules. The production of many man-made chemicals such as drugs, plastics, food additives, fabrics depend on organic reactions.

The oldest organic reactions are combustion of organic fuels and saponification of fats to make soap. Modern organic chemistry starts with the Wöhler synthesis in 1828. In the history of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry awards have been given for the invention of specific organic reactions such as the Grignard reaction in 1912, the Diels–Alder reaction in 1950, the Wittig reaction in 1979 and olefin metathesis in 2005.
Back Bay (Mumbai)
Back Bay is a waterbody off the coast of Mumbai city, located to its (south) west, and joins the Arabian Sea.

The shore of Back Bay includes the famed Chowpatty Beach of Mumbai. Other landmarks are the office district of Nariman Point, which is an extension of the Back Bay Reclamation; Marine Drive, which is a promenade road along much of the foreshore that is colloquially called The Queen's Necklace, and has been renamed as the Netaji Subhashchandra Bose Road; the Oberoi Hotel; the Air India headquarters building; the Marine Plaza Hotel; the Taraporewala Aquarium; Wilson College, and the Malabar Hill promontory; to the north-west of the bay, and which includes the wooded Governor's House or Raj Bhavan compound.

Promontory
A promontory is a raised mass of land that projects into a lowland or a body of water (in which case it is a peninsula). Most promontories either are formed from a hard ridge of rock that has resisted the erosive forces that have removed the softer rock to the sides of it, or are the high ground that remains between two river valleys where they form a confluence. One type of promontory is a headland, or head.
Tikander Lake, Minnesota
Tikander Lake is an unorganized territory in Saint Louis County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 783 at the 2000 census.

Nearby places include Fayal Township, Biwabik Township, White Township, Palo, and Makinen.

Makinen, Minnesota
Makinen is an unincorporated community in St. Louis County, Minnesota, United States.

The community is located 18 miles (29 km) southeast of the city of Virginia, and 14 miles (23 km) southeast of the city of Eveleth, at the intersection of Saint Louis County Road 16 and County Road 108.

U.S. Highway 53 is nearby.
1994 in Philippine television
The following is a list of events affecting Philippine television in 1994. Events listed include television show debuts, finales, cancellations, and channel launches, closures and rebrandings, as well as information about controversies and carriage disputes.

Wild C.A.T.s
Wild C.A.T.S is a half-hour animated television series based on the comics series of the same name and developed for television by David Wise. It aired on CBS for one season from October 1, 1994, to January 21, 1995. The series was co-produced by WildStorm Productions & Nelvana.
2021–22 Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens men's basketball team
The 2021–22 Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens men's basketball team represented the University of Delaware in the 2021–22 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Fightin' Blue Hens, led by sixth-year head coach Martin Ingelsby, played their home games at the Bob Carpenter Center in Newark, Delaware as members of the Colonial Athletic Association. They finished the season 22–13, 10–8 in CAA Play to finish a tie for fourth place. As the No. 5 seed, they defeated Drexel, Towson, and UNC Wilmington to win the CAA tournament. They received the conference’s automatic bid to the NCAA tournament as the No. 15 seed in the South Region, where they lost in the first round to Villanova.

2021–22 Towson Tigers men's basketball team
The 2021–22 Towson Tigers men's basketball team represented Towson University during the 2021–22 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Tigers, led by 11th-year head coach Pat Skerry, played their home games at the SECU Arena in Towson, Maryland as members of the Colonial Athletic Association. The Tigers finished the 2021–22 season 25–9, 15–3 in CAA play to finish as CAA regular season co-champions, alongside UNC Wilmington. As the top seed in the CAA tournament, they defeated Northeastern in the quarterfinals, before being upset by No. 5 seed Delaware in the semifinals. As a regular season champion, who failed to win their league tournament, the Tigers earned an automatic bid to the NIT, where they lost in the first round to Wake Forest.