hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Common Crawl Foundation
Common Crawl is a nonprofit 501(c)(3) organization that crawls the web and freely provides its archives and datasets to the public.

Common Crawl was founded by Gil Elbaz. It is funded by the Elbaz Family Foundation Trust and significant donations from the AI industry.

Contents archived by Common Crawl are mirrored and made available online in the Wayback Machine. They are used by researchers, as well as AI companies to train large language models.

In November 2025, an investigation by The Atlantic revealed that Common Crawl lied when it claimed it respected paywalls in its scraping and requests from publishers to have their content removed from its databases.

Common Crawl subsequently published a reply.

Paywall
A paywall is a method of restricting access to content, with a purchase or a paid subscription, especially news. Beginning in the mid-2010s, newspapers started implementing paywalls on their websites as a way to increase revenue after years of decline in paid print readership and advertising revenue, partly due to the use of ad blockers. In academics, research papers are often subject to a paywall and are available via academic libraries that subscribe.

Paywalls have also been used as a way of increasing the number of print subscribers; for example, some newspapers offer access to online content plus delivery of a Sunday print edition at a lower price than online access alone. Newspaper websites such as that of The Boston Globe and The New York Times use this tactic because it increases both their online revenue and their print circulation (which in turn provides more ad revenue).
Ramose (TT55)
The Ancient Egyptian noble, Ramose was Vizier under both Amenhotep III and Akhenaten. He was in office in the last decade of Amenhotep's III reign and at the beginning of the reign of the latter king. Ramose appears on jar labels found in the palace of king Amenhotep III at Malkata. Here appears also the vizier Amenhotep-Huy. Both viziers are also shown side by side in the temple of Soleb. In the New Kingdom the office of the vizier was divided in a northern vizier and a southern one. It is not entirely clear whether Ramose was the southern or northern one.

Ramose was born into an influential family. His father was the mayor of Memphis Heby, in office at the beginning of Amenhotep's III reign. The brother of Ramose was the high steward of Memphis Amenhotep (Huy).

Soleb
Soleb is an ancient town in Nubia, in present-day Sudan. The site is located north of the third cataract of the Nile, on the western side of the Nile. It was discovered and described by 
Karl Richard Lepsius in 1844. The temple was built during the reign of Amenhotep III and dedicated to Amun, but after Akhenaten assumed power, it was rededicated to Aten.
Philippine scripts
Indigenous Philippine scripts are various writing systems that developed and flourished in the Philippines around 300 BC. These scripts are related to other Southeast Asian systems of writing that developed from South Indian Brahmi scripts used in Asoka Inscriptions and Pallava Grantha, a type of writing used in the writing of palm leaf books called Grantha script during the ascendancy of the Pallava dynasty about the 5th century, and Arabic scripts that have been used in South East Asian countries. In the 21st century, some cultural organizations proposed calling these scripts as "suyat".

Palm-leaf manuscript
Palm-leaf manuscripts were used as writing material in the Indian subcontinent, dating back to as early as the 5th century BCE. Their use began in Nepal and India and spread to other regions, such as Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia, in the form of dried and smoke-treated Palmyra or talipot palm leaves.
Their use continued until the 19th century when the printing press replaced hand-written manuscripts.

One of the oldest surviving complete palm leaf manuscripts is a Sanskrit Shaivism text from the 9th century, discovered in Nepal, and now preserved at the Cambridge University Library. The Spitzer Manuscript is a collection of palm leaf fragments found in Kizil Caves, China. They are dated to around the 2nd century CE and is in Buddhist hybrid Sanskrit.
Heun
Heun is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Conor Heun (born 1979), American mixed martial artist

Carl Heun, (1771–1854), German author, better known by his pseudonym Heinrich Clauren

Dirk Heun (born 1953), German footballer

Dustin Heun (born 1984), German footballer

Jürgen Heun (born 1958), East German footballer

Karl Heun (1859–1929), German mathematician

Wilhelm Heun (1895–1986), German Wehrmacht general

John Heun, (born 1974), American Human Resources Executive

Conor Heun
Conor Heun (born February 11, 1979) is a retired American mixed martial artist. A professional from 2006 until 2012, he competed for Strikeforce, EliteXC, and the Los Angeles Anacondas of the International Fight League.
Aquabacterium parvum
Aquabacterium parvum is a Gram-negative, oxidase-positive, catalase-negative bacterium of the genus Aquabacterium in the family Comamonadaceae which was isolated with Aquabacterium commune and Aquabacterium citratiphilum from biofilms of Berlin's drinking water.

Catalase
Catalase is a common enzyme found in nearly all living organisms exposed to oxygen (such as bacteria, plants, and animals) which catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen. It is a very important enzyme in protecting the cell from oxidative damage by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Catalase has one of the highest turnover numbers of all enzymes; one catalase molecule can convert millions of hydrogen peroxide molecules to water and oxygen each second.

Catalase is a tetramer of four polypeptide chains, each over 500 amino acids long. It contains four iron-containing heme groups that allow the enzyme to react with hydrogen peroxide. The optimum pH for human catalase is approximately 7, and has a fairly broad maximum: the rate of reaction does not change appreciably between pH 6.8 and 7.5. The pH optimum for other catalases varies between 4 and 11 depending on the species. The optimum temperature also varies by species.
Émile Friol
Émile Louis Friol (9 March 1881 – 16 November 1916) was a French track cyclist. He won the sprint event in 1907 and the 1910 UCI Track Cycling World Championships and to a bronze medal in 1906. He also won the European sprint championships in 1907 and 1910 and the French national sprint championships five times: in 1904, 1906, 1907, 1910 and 1913. Other notable victories of his include the Grand Prix de Paris in 1905, 1907, 1909 and 1910, the Grand Prix de Reims in 1907 and 1910, the Grand Prix de l'UVF in 1908, 1910 and 1911 and the 1910 Grand Prix de Buffalo.

In 1916 Friol died during his service as a soldier in the First World War on the Western Front after being hit by a bomb while driving a motorcycle.

Grand Prix de Paris (cycling)
The Grand Prix de Paris was a track cycling sprint race held annually from 1894 until 1993. It was the most important competition for track sprinters alongside the UCI Track Cycling World Championships and the Grand Prix de l'UVF.
Gloryhole (album)
Gloryhole is the third studio album by Texas noise rock band Ed Hall, released in April 1992 by Trance Syndicate. Gloryhole was the last Ed Hall album to feature drummer Kevin Whitley, who had been playing with the band since 1987. He was replaced by Lyman Hardy, who had been friends with the band since 1989, shortly before tour in support of Glory commenced.

Noise rock
Noise rock is a subgenre of rock music that originally emerged in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Artists fuse rock music to noise, while utilizing extreme levels of guitar distortion and feedback, primarily through the use of electric guitars.
Damle
Damle is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Prashant Damle (born 1961), Indian actor and comedian

Satyawan Damle (born 1951), Indian professor

Shivrampant Damle (1900–1977), Indian educationist

Sitaram Keshav Damle, Marathi journalist

Vishnupant Govind Damle (1892–1945), Indian production designer, cinematographer, film director, and sound engineer

Prashant Damle
Prashant Damle (born 5 April 1961) is an Indian actor and comedian who has acted in numerous Marathi dramas, films and soap operas for over 35 years. He has been associated with Marathi theatre since 1983 and till date has performed in 27 different plays and a variety of roles and is a widely recognized star of Marathi theatre.

In the journey of 35 years of performing arts, he has been honored with many prestigious awards. He has 5 Limca Book of Records in his name. He has also performed in 37 Marathi feature films and 24 Marathi television serials. On 6 November 2022, his performance in Eka Lagnachi Pudhchi Goshta marked his career's 12,500th show, a record.
Metro (Liverpool City Region)
Metro is a planned network of franchised bus services within the boundaries of the Liverpool City Region combined authority area, created under the bus franchising provisions of the Bus Services Act 2017. First announced in October 2023 by Liverpool City Region Combined Authority (LRCRA) Metro Mayor Steve Rotheram, the network is set to commence operations in 2026, starting in St Helens.

Mayor of the Liverpool City Region
The mayor of the Liverpool City Region (also styled as metro mayor) is the directly elected mayor of the Liverpool City Region, who is responsible for regional governance over a number of areas, the Mayor has powers devolved to them from the Central Government, as well as this the mayor chairs the Liverpool City Region Combined Authority.

The office was created under the Cities and Local Government Devolution Act 2016 which allowed for the creation of 'mayors' to lead combined authorities in England.

The first, and current, officeholder is Steve Rotheram, who was elected to the post in May 2017 and was elected for second and third terms in 2021 and 2024 respectively.
Stockbury Hill Wood
Stockbury Hill Wood is a  5-hectare (12-acre) nature reserve near Stockbury, north-east of Maidstone in Kent. It is managed by the Kent Wildlife Trust.

This wood is mainly yew, hornbeam and oak. It has a variety of orchids, such as bird's-nest, lady and fly. There are orange tip and holly blue butterflies.

Access is by prior arrangement with the Trust only.

Ophrys insectifera
Ophrys insectifera, the fly orchid, is a species of orchid and the type species of the genus Ophrys. It is remarkable as an example of the use of sexually deceptive pollination and floral mimicry, as well as a highly selective and highly evolved plant–pollinator relationship.
Joey Long
Joey J. Long (born July 15, 1970) is an American former professional baseball pitcher. He played during one season in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the San Diego Padres. He was drafted by the Padres in the 5th round of the 1991  Major League Baseball draft. Long played his first professional season with their Class A (Short Season) Spokane Indians in 1991, and his last with the Pittsburgh Pirates' Double-A Altoona Curve and Triple-A Nashville Sounds in 1999. He now lives in Ohio, near a small town called Rosewood. He also has a daughter.

Spokane Indians
The Spokane Indians are a Minor League Baseball team located in Spokane Valley, the city immediately east of Spokane, Washington, in the Pacific Northwest. The Indians are members of the High-A Northwest League (NWL) as an affiliate of the Colorado Rockies. Spokane plays its home games at Avista Stadium, which opened in 1958 and has a seating capacity of 6,752.

From 1958 through 1982, excluding 1972, the Indians were in the Triple-A Pacific Coast League (PCL). They were members of the Class A Short Season Northwest League from 1955 to 1956, in 1972, and from 1983 to 2020. The NWL operated as the High-A West in 2021 and was elevated to the High-A level. They have won 12 league titles: four in the PCL and nine in the NWL. The Spokane region has over a century of history in Minor League Baseball, dating back to the 1890s.
Burnewood, Edmonton
Burnewood is a community comprising two neighbourhoods within the northeast portion of Mill Woods in the City of Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Neighbourhoods within the community include Jackson Heights and Kiniski Gardens. The community is represented by the Burnewood Community League, established in 1981, which maintains a community hall and outdoor rink located at 41 Street and 41 Avenue.

Community centre
A community centre, community center, or community hall is a public location where members of a community gather for group activities, social support, public information, and other purposes. They may be open for the whole community or for a specialized subgroup within the greater community. Community centres can be religious in nature, such as Christian churches, Islamic mosques, Jewish synagogues, Hindu temples, or Buddhist temples; though they can also be secular and in some cases government-run, such as youth clubs or Leisure centres.
Forest (application)
Forest: Stay focused, be present, or simply Forest, is a productivity application developed by ShaoKan Pi and released on March 15, 2016. Forest is available as an app on iOS, iPadOS and Android, and is also available as a browser extension on the Chrome Web Store and Firefox Add-ons.

Add-on (Mozilla)
For Mozilla software, an add-on is a software component that extends the functionality of the Firefox web browser and related applications – although most are browser extensions. Mozilla provides add-ons to users via its official add-on website.

In 2017, Mozilla enacted major changes to the application programming interface (API) for extensions in Firefox, replacing the long-standing XPCOM-based add-on APIs with the WebExtensions API that is modeled after Google Chrome's API. Thus add-ons that remain compatible with Firefox are now largely compatible with Chrome as well. As of January 2026, there are more than 74,000 add-ons and over 511,000 themes available for Firefox.
2019 Internationaux de Tennis de Blois
The 2019 Internationaux de Tennis de Blois was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the seventh edition of the tournament which was part of the 2019 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Blois, France between 17 and 23 June 2019.

Corentin Denolly
Corentin Denolly (born 6 June 1997) is a French tennis player.
He has a career high ATP singles ranking of world No. 270 achieved on 7 April 2025. He also has a career high doubles ranking of No. 248 achieved on 29 July 2024.
Kononowicz
Kononowicz is a Polish surname. At the beginning of the 21st century, there were 644 people wearing them in Poland.

Notable people with the surname include:

Krzysztof Kononowicz (1963–2025), Polish social activist

Maciej Kononowicz (born 1988), Polish footballer

Krzysztof Kononowicz
Krzysztof Kononowicz (21 January 1963 – 6 March 2025) was a Polish political and local government activist, local activist and vlogger.

In 2006, he ran for the office of mayor of Białystok and for the Białystok city council. He became widely popular after the publication of his speech in the election studio of TV Jard on YouTube. Some foreign websites and media have reported about him as an internet meme.
The Goes Wrong Show
The Goes Wrong Show is a British comedy television series created by Henry Lewis, Jonathan Sayer and Henry Shields, and produced by Mischief Screen and Big Talk Productions, in association with Lionsgate UK, for the BBC. The programme stars the ensemble members of the Mischief Theatre company, who reprise their roles as the members of the fictitious theatre company, "Cornley Polytechnic Drama Society", as they conduct a series of "live" televised stage plays, which constantly go wrong due to mistakes, accidents and other issues that hamper the company's efforts. The concept was devised by Lewis, Sayer and Shields following two television Christmas specials for the BBC, with the series premiering on BBC One on 23 December 2019. In 2020, the group conducted a second series, but under strict guidelines due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom, which aired on 27 September 2021.

It was confirmed by the BBC on 26 March 2024 that the series would not be renewed.

Lionsgate UK
Lions Gate UK Limited (formerly Redbus Film Distribution, and briefly known as Helkon SK between 2001 and 2003) is the British subsidiary of the Canadian/American film company, Lionsgate Studios.

Founded in 1999 by Simon Franks and Zygi Kamasa, Redbus has distributed and produced many films for the United Kingdom; such as Bend It Like Beckham, What's Cooking?,  Cabin Fever, Jeepers Creepers, It's All Gone Pete Tong, and Good Night, and Good Luck. Redbus' first theatrical film to be released was The Tichborne Claimant in 1999.

In October 2005, Lionsgate acquired Redbus and rebranded it under its current name. Its home media company, Redbus Home Entertainment, would also rebrand as Lionsgate Home Entertainment UK. Redbus's film releases were formerly distributed on home video by Warner Home Video until 2006.
World in Your Hands
"World in Your Hands" is a song by German Eurodance group Culture Beat, released in March 1994, by label Dance Pool, as the fourth single and the last one marketed in almost all countries in Europe from their second album, Serenity (1993). As for other Culture Beat's singles, a CD maxi entirely composed of remixes was added among the available media a short time after. The ballad is written by Nosie Katzmann with Jay Supreme, Torsten Fenslau and Peter Zweie, and produced by Fenslau. It was a top-10 hit in Finland and the Netherlands. In the United Kingdom, it peaked at number 20. Its accompanying music video was directed by Matt Broadley and filmed in Sweden.

Maxi single
A maxi single, maxi-single, or maxi CD (sometimes abbreviated to MCD or CDM) is a music single release with more than the usual two tracks of an A-side song and a B-side song. Maxi singles are often mistaken for extended plays (EPs), especially in the digital era such as the categorization on iTunes, Apple Music, or Spotify. An EP usually consists at least four different "songs" without any specific A-side, while a maxi-single may contain four or more tracks but only in form of remixes to complement one or two songs as the A-side. Billboard considers EPs for albums chart (Billboard 200) and considers maxi-singles for songs chart (Billboard Hot 100).
Montreal International Reggae Festival
The Montreal Reggae Festival is a reggae (music) festival held annually at the Old Port of Montreal, during the 2nd weekend of July.

Founded in 2004, by Eric Blagrove (President: 2004–present), Ricardo Forbes (Vice-President: 2004–2008), and Cezar Brumeanu (Producer: 2004–2008), the Montreal Reggae Fest was a three-day weekend-long, three stage event.

The 2014 festival will include performances from Sean Paul, Demarco, I-Octane, Maxi Priest, Sanchez, Marcia Griffiths, and Percy Sledge

The festival took a hiatus in 2018 and is expected to be back in 2019.

Marcia Griffiths
Marcia Llyneth Griffiths OJ CD (born 23 November 1949) is a Jamaican singer best known for the 1989 remix of her single "Electric Boogie", which serves as the music for the four-wall "Electric Slide" line dance. It is the best-selling single of all time by a female reggae singer. She has been referred to as the "Queen of Reggae".
It's in the Bag! (1945 film)
It's in the Bag! is a 1945 comedy film featuring Fred Allen in his only starring film role. The film was released by United Artists at a time when Allen was at the peak of his fame as one of the most popular radio comedians. The film has been preserved by UCLA Film & Television Archive. 
The film is loosely based on the comic novel The Twelve Chairs (1928) of Ilf and Petrov, later filmed by Mel Brooks as The Twelve Chairs (1970). The team of screenwriters included Jay Dratler, Alma Reville, and Morrie Ryskind. Allen's encounter with Jack Benny in the film is notable as at this time they were involved in a famous 'feud', which ran for over a decade.

Alma Reville
Alma Lucy Reville, Lady Hitchcock (14 August 1899 – 6 July 1982) was an English screenwriter and film editor. The wife of filmmaker Alfred Hitchcock, she collaborated with her husband on such films as Shadow of a Doubt, Suspicion, and The Lady Vanishes, and worked with other famous directors such as Henrik Galeen, Maurice Elvey, and Berthold Viertel.
2019 Carolina Challenge Cup
The 2019 Carolina Challenge Cup was the 15th edition of the Carolina Challenge Cup, an annual soccer tournament held in Charleston, South Carolina by the Charleston Battery. The tournament ran from February 16 to 23, with all matches played at MUSC Health Stadium in Charleston.

In addition to the Charleston Battery of the USL Championship (USL), three Major League Soccer (MLS) clubs participated: Columbus Crew, Chicago Fire, and FC Cincinnati, all of Major League Soccer.

FC Cincinnati
Football Club Cincinnati is an American professional soccer club based in Cincinnati. The club competes in Major League Soccer (MLS) as a member of the Eastern Conference. The team was first announced on August 12, 2015, as a United Soccer League (USL) franchise which played from 2016 to 2018. On May 29, 2018, the club's ownership was awarded an MLS franchise, and the team began MLS play on March 2, 2019. The club's ownership group is led by Carl Lindner III with Jeff Berding serving as co-CEO. Currently, the role of general manager is held by Chris Albright.
Juan García Costilla
Juan García Costilla (born 24 June 1943) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the Party of the Democratic Revolution. As of 2014 he served as Deputy of the LIX Legislature of the Mexican Congress as a plurinominal representative.

LIX Legislature of the Mexican Congress
The LIX Legislature (59th session) of the Congress of Mexico met from September 2003 to August 2006. All members of the lower house (Chamber of Deputies) were elected in the elections of July 2003 while members of the upper house (Senate) were elected in the elections of July 2000.
Moose eelpout
The moose eelpout (Barbapellis pterygalces) is a species of zoarcid fish found in Southern Ocean. This species is only known from a single adult female specimen from off Terre Adélie. This species is the only known member of its genus.

Adélie Land
Adélie Land (French: Terre Adélie [tɛʁ adeli]) or Adélie Coast is a claimed territory of France located on the continent of Antarctica. It stretches from a portion of the Southern Ocean coastline all the way inland to the South Pole. France has administered it as one of five districts of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands since 1955 and applied the Antarctic Treaty System rules since 1961. Article 4 of the Antarctic Treaty deals with territorial claims, and although it does not renounce or diminish any preexisting claims to sovereignty, it also does not prejudice the position of contracting parties in their recognition or non-recognition of territorial sovereignty. France has had a permanent station in Adélie Land since 9 April 1950.
Maurice Glynne
Maurice Glynne  was a  Welsh Anglican priest in the 16th century.

Maurice was educated at the University of Oxford. He was Archdeacon of Bangor from 1504 until his death in 1525. Glynne was appointed an advocate of Doctors' Commons on 21 July 1517.

Doctors' Commons
Doctors' Commons, also called the College of Civilians, was a society of lawyers practising civil (as opposed to common) law in London, namely ecclesiastical and admiralty law. Like the Inns of Court of the common lawyers, the society had buildings with rooms where its members lived and worked, and a large library.

It was also a lower venue for determinations and hearings, short of the society's convening in the Court of the Arches or Admiralty Court, which frequently consisted of judges with other responsibilities and from which further appeal lay. The society used St Benet's, Paul's Wharf as its church.