hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
German submarine U-306
German submarine U-306 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. The submarine was laid down on 16 September 1941 at the Flender Werke yard at Lübeck as yard number 306, launched on 29 August 1942 and commissioned on 21 October under the command of Oberleutnant Claus von Trotha.

During her career, the U-boat sailed on five combat patrols, sinking one ship and damaging two others, before she was sunk on 31 October 1943 in mid-Atlantic, northwest of the Azores by British warships.

She was a member of three wolfpacks.

Flender Werke
Flender Werke was a German shipbuilding company, located in Lübeck. It was founded in 1917 as a branch of Brückenbau Flender AG of Benrath on the Rhine. In 1926, it became a fully independent business and was renamed Lübecker Flenderwerke AG. It went on to become one of the largest shipyards in Germany, building nearly 700 ships in all.
HMS Middleton
Two ships of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Middleton after the Middleton hunt:

HMS Middleton (L74), launched in 1941, was a Type II Hunt-class destroyer. She served in World War II and was scrapped in 1958.

HMS Middleton (M34), launched in 1983, is a Hunt-class mine countermeasures vessel.

In addition, one ship has carried the name HMS Lord Middleton:

HMS Lord Middleton (FY219), was a requisitioned naval trawler which served in the Second World War.  She was taken over by the Admiralty in 1939 and returned to her original owners in 1945.

Another ship was known as RFA Robert Middleton:

RFA Robert Middleton (A241), was a Dundas-class coastal stores carrier of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary.

RFA Robert Middleton
RFA Robert Middleton (A241) was a Dundas-class coastal stores carrier of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary. Launched in June 1938 and commissioned in August 1938, Robert Middleton was active from 1938 until 1975. Decommissioned in March 1975 Robert Middleton was sold commercially the same year and renamed Myrina.
Igan, Malaysia
Igan (known in Malay as Kampung Igan) is a village and a subdistrict in Matu District, Mukah Division, Sarawak, Malaysia. It is situated near the mouth of Igan River with the South China Sea. Igan is about 50 kilometres (31 miles) to the west of Mukah, the division's administrative town, where as the nearest town is Oya with a distance of about 23 kilometres (14 miles). Igan is a type of fish that can only find around the village.

Igan has a primary school, namely Kampung Igan National School (Malay: Sekolah Kebangsaan Kampung Igan).

Igan River
The Igan River (Malay: Sungai Igan) is a river in Sarawak, Malaysia. It joins the Sungai Rajang in Sibu. The 95 km long river is still used as the primary route for travel to a number of rural districts in Sarawak.
YqaJ protein domain
In molecular biology, the YqaJ refers to the YqaJ/K domain from the skin prophage of the bacterium, Bacillus subtilis. This protein domain, often found in bacterial species, is actually of viral origin. The protein forms an oligomer and functions as an  alkaline exonuclease, or in simpler terms, an enzyme that digests double-stranded DNA. It is a reaction which is dependent on Magnesium.  It has a preference for 5'-phosphorylated DNA ends. It thus forms part of the two-component SynExo viral recombinase functional unit.

Prophage
A prophage is a bacteriophage (often shortened to "phage") genome that is integrated into the circular bacterial chromosome or exists as an extrachromosomal plasmid within the bacterial cell. Integration of prophages into the bacterial host is the characteristic step of the lysogenic cycle of temperate phages. Prophages remain latent in the genome through multiple cell divisions until activation by an external factor, such as UV light, leading to production of new phage particles that will lyse the cell and spread. As ubiquitous mobile genetic elements, prophages play important roles in bacterial genetics and evolution, such as in the acquisition of virulence factors.
Len Chalmers
Leonard Austin Chalmers (4 September 1936 – 10 February 2014) was an English footballer who played in the Football League for Leicester City and Notts County.

Chalmers played for Corby Town before signing for Leicester City in 1956. Nicknamed 'Chopper' for his fully committed playing style, Chalmers played 80 minutes of the 1961 FA Cup Final hobbling on the wing after suffering a badly gashed shin which rendered him no more than nuisance value as no substitutions were then allowed. Leicester City lost 2–0 to Tottenham Hotspur. After leaving Notts County, he played non-league football for Dunstable Town.

Chalmers died on 10 February 2014 at the age of 77. Leicester City held a minute's applause before their home game with Ipswich Town on 22 February, with Chalmers' family in attendance.

Dunstable Town F.C.
Dunstable Town Football Club is a football club based in Dunstable, Bedfordshire, England. Affiliated with the  Bedfordshire County Football Association, they are currently members of the Spartan South Midlands League Premier Division and play at Creasey Park.
Adrenalone
Adrenalone is an adrenergic agonist used as a topical vasoconstrictor and hemostatic. Formerly, it was also used to prolong the action of local anesthetics. It is the ketone form of epinephrine (adrenaline). Contrary to epinephrine, adrenalone mainly acts on alpha-1 adrenergic receptors, but has little affinity for beta receptors. The drug is largely obsolete, being superseded by other hemostatics such as thrombin, fibrinogen, and vasopressin analogues.

Thrombin
Thrombin (factor IIa, EC 3.4.21.5) is a serine protease that converts fibrinogen into strands of insoluble fibrin, as well as catalyzing many other coagulation-related reactions.

Prothrombin (coagulation factor II) is encoded in the human by the F2 gene. It is proteolytically cleaved during the clotting process by the prothrombinase enzyme complex to form thrombin.
Mavorixafor
Mavorixafor, sold under the brand name Xolremdi, is a medication used for the treatment of WHIM syndrome. It is a CXC chemokine receptor 4 antagonist. It is taken by mouth. It was developed by X4 Pharmaceuticals.

The most frequently reported adverse reactions include thrombocytopenia (low platelet counts), rash, rhinitis (stuffy nose), epistaxis (nosebleed), vomiting, and dizziness.

Mavorixafor was approved for medical use in the United States in April 2024. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) considers it to be a first-in-class medication.

Oral administration
Oral administration is a route of administration whereby a substance is taken through the mouth, swallowed, and then processed via the digestive system. This is a common route of administration for many medications.

Oral administration can be easier and less painful than other routes of administration, such as injection.  However, the onset of action is relatively low, and the effectiveness is reduced if it is not absorbed properly in the digestive system, or if it is broken down by digestive enzymes before it can reach the bloodstream. Some medications may cause gastrointestinal side effects, such as nausea or vomiting, when taken orally. Oral administration can also only be applied to conscious patients, and patients able to swallow.
Taifa of Lorca
The Taifa of Lorca (Arabic: طائفة لورقة) was a medieval Islamic Moorish taifa kingdom centered in what is now southern Spain.

The taifa was founded in 1042, when Lorca declared its independence from the emirate of Valencia. Its first governor was Ma'n Ibn Sumadih, with its power base extending from the city to Jaén and Baza.

In 1228, the Lorca taifa was re-established after the fall of the Almohad dynasty. It lasted until around 1250, when it was conquered by the taifa of Murcia.

Jaén, Spain
Jaén (Spanish: [xaˈen] ⓘ) is a municipality of Spain and the capital of the province of Jaén, in the autonomous community of Andalusia.

The city of Jaén is the administrative and industrial centre for the province. Industrial establishments in the city include chemical works, tanneries, distilleries, cookie factories, textile factories, as well as agricultural and olive oil processing machinery industry.

The layout of Jaén is determined by its position on the foothills of the Cerro de Santa Catalina, with steep, narrow streets, in the historic core.

Its population is 112,757 (2020), about one-sixth of the population of the province. Jaén had an increase in cultural tourism in the mid-2010s, having received 604,523 tourists in 2015, 10% more than in 2014.
Isoborneol
Isoborneol is a bicyclic organic compound and a terpene derivative. The hydroxyl group in this compound is placed in an exo position. The endo diastereomer is called borneol. Being chiral, isoborneol exists as enantiomers.

Hydroxy group
In chemistry, a hydroxy or hydroxyl group is a functional group with the chemical formula −OH and composed of one oxygen atom covalently bonded to one hydrogen atom. In organic chemistry, alcohols and carboxylic acids contain one or more hydroxy groups. Both the negatively charged anion HO−, called hydroxide, and the neutral radical HO·, known as the hydroxyl radical, consist of an unbonded hydroxy group.

According to IUPAC definitions, the term hydroxyl refers to the hydroxyl radical (·OH) only, while the functional group −OH is called a hydroxy group.
Jacki-O
Angela Faye Kohn (born November 24, 1973), better known as Jacki-O, is an  American rapper who is signed to her own label Jack Movement Entertainment. She got her first break in 2003 with the bawdy sex rap "Nookie" which garnered the MC comparisons to fellow Southern rapper Trina and Khia. Although it was the first time that many had heard of Jacki-O, she kept a high profile, prior to her radio and club successes, with several appearances on Miami-area mixtapes. The success of "Nookie" led Jacki-O to discuss a similar subject matter on her second single, "Sugar Walls," released in 2004 in anticipation of her debut album, Poe Little Rich Girl. In 2002 Jacki-O worked with Jim Johnston in producing vocals for WWE Stephanie McMahon All Grown Up . In 2014 Jacki-O reported her retirement in rap from her Facebook account. Saying "she was getting closer to God and changing her life around".

Jim Johnston (composer)
James Alan Johnston (born June 19, 1952) is an American music composer and musician best known for his time with professional wrestling promotion, WWE. Over the course of 3 decades, he composed and recorded entrance theme music for the promotion's wrestlers, and compilations of his music released by WWE charted highly in several countries.

Writing and recording mostly by himself, he wrote over 10,000 pieces of music, many of which are as highly regarded as the wrestlers themselves. In later years, he regularly collaborated with mainstream hip hop & rock musicians such as Motörhead, Disturbed, Kid Rock, Ice-T, Run-DMC, Mariah Carey, and Our Lady Peace for new music and different takes on existing entrance music. Johnston was released from WWE in 2017, replaced in the role by CFO$.
Somebody Has to Shoot the Picture
Somebody Has to Shoot the Picture is a 1990 American made-for-television prison drama film written by photojournalist Doug Magee, inspired by his interviews with and photos of death row prisoners. The film was directed by Frank Pierson.

Bonnie Bedelia
Bonnie Bedelia (born Bonnie Bedelia Culkin; March 25, 1948) is an American actress. After beginning her career in theatre in the 1960s, Bedelia starred in the CBS daytime soap opera Love of Life and made her film debut in The Gypsy Moths. Bedelia subsequently appeared in the films They Shoot Horses, Don't They?, Lovers and Other Strangers, Heart Like a Wheel, The Prince of Pennsylvania, Die Hard, Presumed Innocent, Sordid Lives, and Needful Things.

For her television work, Bedelia has earned two Emmy Awards nominations. From 2001 to 2004, Bedelia played the lead role in the Lifetime television drama series The Division. She also starred as family matriarch Camille Braverman in the NBC family drama series Parenthood (2010–15).
Michael Rice (football manager)
Michael William Rice (born 8 December 1989) is an English football manager who is currently the manager of UAE Second Division League club Dubai City F.C., guiding the team in the UAE 1st Division League.

With a career spanning over a decade, Rice is known for his contributions to football development across the UK, India, South Korea, and the UAE. He has earned a reputation for nurturing young talent and leading clubs to competitive success.

With a notable track record in UAE football, Rice has achieved significant success throughout his managerial career - 3 promotions and 1 championship title in UAE football leagues.

UAE Second Division League
UAE Second Division League is the third tier of football league competition in the United Arab Emirates. The league is organised by UAE Football Association for private funded clubs and universities with amateur teams. The league was established in 2019. The league featured 10 teams who played each other twice in its first season, however, due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Arab Emirates, the UAE footballing season was cancelled.

The UAE FA set a strategy to support featuring more privately owned clubs and football academies in the UAE Football Pyramid. Ahead of the 2022–23 season, the UAE FA confirmed that the format of league will remain as 12 teams, with the introduction of the UAE Third Division League with a promotion-relegation system.
Bonanza season 12
The twelfth season of the American Western television series Bonanza premiered on NBC on September 13, 1970, with the final episode airing April 11, 1971. The series was developed and produced by David Dortort. Season twelve starred Lorne Greene, Dan Blocker, and Michael Landon.  The season consisted of 28 episodes of a series total 431 hour-long episodes, the entirety of which was produced in color. Season twelve was aired on Sundays at 9:00 p.m. It finished the season at #9 in the Nielsen ratings, behind #5 Gunsmoke.

Westerns on television
Television Westerns are programs with settings in the later half of the 19th century in the American Old West, Western Canada and Mexico during the period from about 1860 to the end of the so-called "Indian Wars". More recent entries in the Western genre have used the neo-Western subgenre, placing events in the modern day, or the space Western subgenre, but still draw inspiration from the outlaw attitudes prevalent in traditional Western productions.

When television became popular in the late 1940s and 1950s, Westerns quickly became an audience favorite, with 30 such shows airing at prime time by 1959. Traditional Westerns faded in popularity in the late 1960s, while new shows fused Western elements with other types of shows, such as family drama, mystery thrillers, and crime drama. In the 1990s and 2000s, slickly packaged made-for-TV movie Westerns were introduced.
Patricia Guerrero (athlete)
Patricia Guerrero Carrasco (22 August 1961 – 25 June 2008) was a Peruvian athlete. She competed in the women's javelin throw at the 1980 Summer Olympics. Her personal best in the event was 49.36 metres set in 1983.

Athletics at the 1980 Summer Olympics – Women's javelin throw
The Women's Javelin Throw event at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, Soviet Union had an entry list of 22 competitors, with two qualifying groups (22 throwers) before the final (12) took place on Friday July 25, 1980. The top 12 and ties, and all those reaching 60.00 metres advanced to the final. All results were made with a rough surfaced javelin (old design).
Kretinga Arena
Kretinga Arena is a 822-seat indoor arena located in Kretinga, Lithuania. The venue is compactly located on the Kretinga stadium's land lot, to the right of the stadium. It is the home court to basketball team Kretinga.

Kretinga
Kretinga (Yiddish: קרעטינגע) is a city in Klaipėda County, in north-western Lithuania. It is the capital of the Kretinga District Municipality. It is located 12 km (7.5 mi) east of the popular Baltic Sea resort town of Palanga, and about 21 km (13 mi) north of Lithuania's 3rd largest city and principal seaport, Klaipėda.

The population was listed as 16,996 in the 2022 census. It is the 6th largest town in the ethnographic region of Samogitia and the 17th largest town in Lithuania.
Terebikko
The Terebikko (Japanese: てれびっこ) is an interactive VHS console game system released in Japan by Bandai in 1988. Titles released included a wide variety of known franchises, such as Super Mario World, Dragon Ball Z, and many more. The system was also released in the U.S. as the See 'n Say Video Phone by Mattel in 1989.

See 'n Say
See 'n Say is an educational toy created by Mattel in 1964 after the success of Chatty Cathy. It was the first Mattel talking toy allowing children to choose the exact phrase as heard. Although the first release focuses on farm animal sounds, it had spawned through many themes from the alphabet, counting, nursery rhymes, to licensed products.

As of October 2023, a version of the product was still available from Mattel.
Patrick Stanfield Jones
Patrick Stanfield Jones is an American musician, producer, arranger, and singer-songwriter whose music is a mix of rock, jazz, folk, and blues.

He is a brother of jazz percussionist Kevin Jones, and they have performed and recorded together. He has worked with Isley, Jasper, Isley and Whitney Houston. He has been a member of the touring casts of Jesus Christ Superstar and Oh, Calcutta!. He performed the music of Ned Rorem's song cycle Songs of Sadness, and Romeo and Juliet at Merkin recital hall in Manhattan on April 24, 2005.  He has performed on more than 20 albums.

Jones' solo CDs include A Heart and an Open Road (Motéma Music, 2011), Pat Jones Band (1995), and the EP Mystery Prize (2004).

He has been compared to Carl Perkins, but with a more modern sensibility.

Jesus Christ Superstar
Jesus Christ Superstar is a sung-through rock opera with music by Andrew Lloyd Webber and lyrics by Tim Rice. Loosely based on the Gospel accounts of the Passion, the work interprets the psychology of Jesus and other characters, with much of the plot centred on Judas, who is dissatisfied with how Jesus steers his disciples. Contemporary attitudes, sensibilities, and slang pervade the rock opera's lyrics, and ironic allusions to modern life are scattered throughout the depiction of political events; stage and film productions accordingly contain many intentional anachronisms.

Initially unable to get backing for a stage production, the composers released the score as a 1970 concept album, an immediate success which led to its Broadway stage debut in 1971. By 1980, the musical had grossed more than $237 million worldwide. Running over eight years in London between 1972 and 1980, the show held the record for longest-running West End musical until 1989 (overtaken by Cats).
Flat Foot Stooges
Flat Foot Stooges is a 1938 short subject directed by Charley Chase starring American slapstick comedy team The Three Stooges (Moe Howard, Larry Fine and Curly Howard). It is the 35th entry in the series released by Columbia Pictures starring the comedians, who released 190 shorts for the studio between 1934 and 1959.

Slapstick
Slapstick is a style of humor involving exaggerated physical activity that exceeds the boundaries of normal physical comedy. Slapstick may involve both intentional violence and violence by mishap, often resulting from physical abuse and/or inept use of props such as saws and ladders.

The term arises from a device developed for use in the broad, physical comedy style known as commedia dell'arte in 16th-century Italy. The "slap stick" consists of two thin slats of wood, which makes a "slap" when striking another actor, with little force needed to make a loud—and comical—sound. The physical slap stick remains a key component of the plot in the traditional and popular Punch and Judy puppet show. More contemporary examples of slapstick humor include The Three Stooges, The Naked Gun and Mr. Bean.
Hemiglyptus
Hemiglyptus is a genus of flea beetles in the family Chrysomelidae. There were originally 5 described species (one from the Nearctic and 4 from Chile), but the latter have been moved to the genus Psilapha, so the sole member of the genus at present is Hemiglyptus basalis.

Nearctic realm
The Nearctic realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface.

The Nearctic realm covers most of North America, including Greenland, Central Florida, and the highlands of Mexico. The parts of North America that are not in the Nearctic realm include most of coastal Mexico, southern Mexico, southern Florida, coastal central Florida, Central America, Bermuda and the Caribbean islands. Together with South America, these regions are part of the Neotropical realm.
Martin J. Tobin
Martin John Tobin (born 23 April 1951) is an Irish-American critical care physician, pulmonologist, and academic who is a recognised expert in acute respiratory failure, mechanical ventilation, and neuromuscular control of breathing.

According to the American Thoracic Society, Tobin is "the supreme scholar of critical care medicine and editor or author of seven extraordinary textbooks on the subject." The Lancet described his textbook Principles And Practice of Mechanical Ventilation as the "Bible" of the field of mechanical ventilation. He was elected to the American Society for Clinical Investigation in 1994 and was editor of the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine from 1999–2004.

American Thoracic Society
The American Thoracic Society (ATS) is a nonprofit organization focused on improving care for pulmonary diseases, critical illnesses and sleep-related breathing disorders. It was established in 1905 as the

American Sanatorium Association, and changed its name in 1938 to the American Trudeau Society. In 1960, it changed its name again to the American Thoracic Society.  Originally the medical section of the American Lung Association, the Society became independently incorporated in 2000 as a 501 (c) (3) organization.
Nassim Shamama
Nassim Shamama or Nessim Scemama (Arabic: نسيم شمامة) (born Tunis, Ottoman Empire, 1805 – died Livorno, Italy, 24 January 1873) was a Tunisian businessman and philanthropist. As a Tunisian Jew, he held the role of caïd (head) for the Jewish community of the country. He also worked for the Husseinid beys, occupying the post of Receiver General and then Director of Finance. After amassing a huge fortune from his official positions he left Tunisia and after his death his estate became the subject of several famous and protracted international lawsuits.

Mustapha Khaznadar
Mustapha Khaznadar (Arabic: مصطفى خزندار; 1817–1878), born as Georgios Halkias Stravelakis (Greek: Γεώργιος Χαλκιάς Στραβελάκης) was a Tunisian politician who served as Prime Minister of the Beylik of Tunis from 1855 to 1873. He was one of the most influential people in modern Tunisian history.
Locomotives of the London and North Eastern Railway
The London and North Eastern Railway (LNER) produced several classes of locomotive, mostly to the designs of Nigel Gresley, characterised by a three-cylinder layout with a parallel boiler and round-topped firebox.  It produced the most famous locomotive of its day, 4468 'Mallard', the holder of the world steam locomotive speed record. It also built the world-famous 4472 'Flying Scotsman'. However, its locomotive inheritance was much greater than just the 'A4 Class', it also produced highly successful mixed-traffic and freight designs.

For an explanation of the classification and numbering systems used by the LNER and its constituent companies, see: LNER locomotive numbering and classification.

Sentinel Waggon Works
Sentinel Waggon Works Ltd was a British company based in Shrewsbury, Shropshire that made steam-powered lorries (steam wagons), railway locomotives, and later, diesel engined lorries, buses and locomotives.