hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gerasimovich (crater)
Gerasimovich is a lunar impact crater on the far side of the Moon. It lies beyond the western limb, to the west-northwest of the immense Mare Orientale impact basin. The outer blanket of ejecta from this impact reaches nearly to the rim of Gerasimovich. Nearby craters of note include Houzeau to the north and the smaller Ellerman to the southeast.

The outer rim of this crater is worn and eroded, with a perimeter that has been modified and reshaped by nearby impacts. The much younger crater Gerasimovich D lies across the northeastern rim, and lies near the center of a poorly organized blanket of higher albedo deposits. Just to the west-southwest of the outer rim is the young, sharp-rimmed crater Gerasimovich R. The interior floor of Gerasimovich is irregular near the edges, and is marked by several small craterlets.

Gerasimovich is located at the antipode of the Mare Crisium impact basin.

Mare Orientale
Mare Orientale /ɔːriɛnˈteɪliː/ (Latin orientāle, the "eastern sea") is a lunar mare. It is located on the western border of the near side and far side of the Moon, and is difficult to see from an Earthbound perspective. Images from spacecraft have revealed it to be one of the most striking large-scale lunar features, resembling a target ring bullseye.
Albert Cambriels
Général Hippolyte-Albert Cambriels (11 August 1816 – 21 December 1891) was a French military commander.

Born in Lagrasse, Aude, he was the son  of Brigadier General Pierre Cambriels. He was educated at École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr. During the Franco-Prussian War, he was seriously injured at the Battle of Sedan in 1870.

He was created a Chevalier of the Legion of Honour in 1850, followed by upgrades to Officier (1856), Commandeur (1859), Grand Officier (1872), and finally Grand-Croix (1880).

He died at the Château de Boaça in Pyrénées-Orientales in 1891 and was buried at Père Lachaise Cemetery in Paris.

École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr
The École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr (lit. 'Special Military School of Saint-Cyr', abbr. ESM), often referred to as Saint-Cyr, is a French military academy. It is located in Coëtquidan in Guer, Morbihan, Brittany. French cadet officers are called saint-cyriens or cyrards.

French students who enter Saint-Cyr as cadets are about 21 years old, and undergo three years of training. All ESM cadets graduate with a Master of Arts or a Master of Science and are commissioned officers.

The academy was founded in Fontainebleau in 1802 by Napoleon. It was moved in 1806 to the buildings of the former Maison Royale de Saint-Louis, in Saint-Cyr-l'École, west of Paris. During the Second World War, the cadets moved several times due to the German invasion. They eventually settled in 1945 in the Coëtquidan military camp in Morbihan.

France's other senior military institutes are the École de guerre and the École de guerre - Terre, located in the École militaire complex, in Paris.
Rancho Corte Madera del Presidio
Rancho Corte Madera del Presidio was a  7,845-acre (31.75 km2) Mexican land grant in present day Marin County, California given in 1834  by Governor José Figueroa to John (Juan) Reed.  Corte Madera del Presidio means the "lumber mill of the Presidio".  The grant encompassed what is now southern Corte Madera,   Mill Valley, the Tiburon Peninsula, and Strawberry Point. It reached from Point Tiburon to Larkspur Creek, then known as Arroyo Holon.

José Figueroa
José María Figueroa (1792 – 29 September 1835) was a Californio politician and military leader. He was a General and the Mexican Governor of Alta California from 1833 to 1835. His Manifesto (1835) was the first book published in California.
Painkiller (comics)
Painkiller is a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The character, created by writer Jenny Blake Isabella and artist Eddie Newell, debuted in Black Lightning, Vol. 2 #2 (March 1995). The character is depicted as an enemy of Black Lightning.

Jordan Calloway portrays a variation of Painkiller in The CW's live-action Arrowverse television series Black Lightning.

Supervillain
A supervillain, supervillainess or supercriminal is a variant of the villainous stock character. The character is a common archetype in comic books and other popular culture, often acting as the primary adversary of superheros.

Supervillains are often noted for their ability to foil heroes through the use of superpowers, their mental or physical capabilities, or their criminal influence, often creating grandiose schemes for nefarious purposes, such as world domination.
David Carroll (physicist)
David Carroll (born January 13, 1963) is a U.S. physicist, materials scientist and nanotechnologist, Fellow of the American Physical Society, and director of the Center for Nanotechnology and Molecular Materials at Wake Forest University.  He has contributed to the field of nanoscience and nanotechnology through his work in nanoengineered cancer therapeutics, nanocomposite-based display and lighting technologies, high efficiency nanocomposite photovoltaics and thermo/piezo-electric generators.

Therapy
A therapy or medical treatment is the attempted remediation of a health problem, usually following a medical diagnosis. Both words, treatment and therapy, are often abbreviated tx, Tx, or Tx.

As a rule, each therapy has indications and contraindications.  There are many different types of therapy.  Not all therapies are effective.  Many therapies can produce unwanted adverse effects.

Treatment and therapy are often synonymous, especially in the usage of health professionals. However,  in the context of mental health, the term therapy may refer specifically to psychotherapy.

A therapist is a person who offers any modality of therapy. Therapist refers to trained professionals engaged in providing services any kind of treatment or rehabilitation.
69th Guards Motor Rifle Division (Russia)
The 69th Guards Motor Rifle Krasnoe Selo Order of Lenin Red Banner Division (Russian: 69-я гвардейская мотострелковая Красносельская ордена Ленина, Краснознамённая дивизия, MUN 02511) is a formation of the Russian Ground Forces. It is stationed in the Leningrad Military District, in the village of Kamenka, Vyborgsky District, Leningrad Oblast. It includes various components: air defense, artillery battalion, infantry and tank battalions. The late brigade was expanded into the 69th Guards Motor Rifle Division in May 2024.

Military Unit Number
A Military Unit Number (Russian: войсковая часть, в/ ч; Ukrainian: військова частина, в/ ч) is a unique numeric code assigned to military units of the Soviet Union and some Post-Soviet states. It is usually a four or five digit code for the purpose of identifying units of the armed forces and internal troops.

Military Unit Numbers for ground forces are assigned for a specific military unit (corps, division, brigade, etc.) while for the navy it is assigned to an individual ship. The number is also used for the unit's military mail and other logistics.
Economy of Cardiff
As the capital city of Wales, Cardiff is the main engine of growth in the Welsh economy; the city has been developing as a significant service centre and economic driver for the wider south east Wales economy. The city and the adjoining Vale of Glamorgan contribute a disproportionately high share of economic output in Wales. The Cardiff travel to work area has grown significantly since 1991; the 2001-based version includes much of the central South Wales Valleys in addition to the Vale of Glamorgan.

In the 19th century, the economy of Cardiff benefitted most from coal exportation and steel production. Cardiff's port became the world's most important coal port, handling more than London and Liverpool.

Today, Cardiff is a centre for white-collar professions. The city relies principally on the retail, finance, media and tourism sectors, and has been undergoing major regeneration since the late 20th century particularly in Cardiff city centre and Cardiff Bay.

South Wales Valleys
The South Wales Valleys (Welsh: Cymoedd De Cymru) are a group of industrialised peri-urban valleys in South Wales. Most of the valleys run north–south, roughly parallel to each other. Commonly referred to as "The Valleys" (Welsh: Y Cymoedd), they stretch from Carmarthenshire in the west to Monmouthshire in the east; to the edge of the pastoral country of the Vale of Glamorgan and the coastal plain near the cities of Swansea, Cardiff, and Newport.
Thamsyn Newton
Thamsyn Michelle Moupia Newton (born 3 June 1995) is a New Zealand former cricketer and rugby union player. She plays cricket for Central Districts and New Zealand as a right-handed batter and right-arm medium pace bowler. In May 2021, Newton was awarded with her first central contract from New Zealand Cricket ahead of the 2021–22 season. She appeared in 10 One Day Internationals and 15 Twenty20 Internationals for New Zealand between 2015 and 2021.

She plays rugby for Wellington Pride.

In May 2025, she announced her retirement from all forms of cricket.

New Zealand Cricket
New Zealand Cricket, formerly the New Zealand Cricket Council, is the governing body for professional cricket in New Zealand. Cricket is the most popular and highest profile summer sport in New Zealand.

New Zealand Cricket operates the New Zealand cricket team, organising Test tours and One-Day Internationals with other nations. It also organises domestic cricket in New Zealand, including the Plunket Shield first-class competition, The Ford Trophy men's domestic one-day competition, the Hallyburton Johnstone Shield women's domestic one-day competition, as well as the Men's Super Smash and Women's Super Smash domestic Twenty20 competitions.

Scott Weenink is the Chief Executive Officer of New Zealand Cricket. Tom Latham is the current Blackcaps Test captain, succeeding Tim Southee who still represents the team. Sophie Devine is the current White Ferns captain.
Salerno Apartments
The Salerno Apartments are a historic apartment building in Portland, Oregon, United States. Built in 1929–1930 in the Mediterranean Revival style, its courtyard evokes "a quiet street in an old Mediterranean town". Architect Carl L. Linde experimented with garden court-type apartments in the nearby 1929 Sorrento Apartments, and perfected the form in the Salerno building.

The building was entered on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.

Courtyard
A courtyard or court is a circumscribed area, often surrounded by a building or complex, that is open to the sky.

Courtyards are common elements in both Western and Eastern building patterns and have been used by both ancient and contemporary architects as a typical and traditional building feature. Such spaces in inns and public buildings were often the primary meeting places for some purposes, leading to the other meanings of court. Both of the words court and yard derive from the same root, meaning an enclosed space. See yard and garden for the relation of this set of words. In universities courtyards are often known as quadrangles.
NRP Corte-Real (F332)
NRP Corte-Real (F332) is a Vasco da Gama-class frigate operated by the Portuguese Navy. She was laid down by Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft on 20 October 1989, launched on 22 November 1991, and commissioned on 1 February 1992. The ship is named in honor of the explorers of the Corte-Real family: João Vaz Corte-Real, Gaspar Corte-Real, Miguel Corte-Real, and Vasco Anes Corte-Real.

Gaspar Corte-Real
Gaspar Corte-Real (1450– disappeared 1501) was a Portuguese explorer who, alongside his father João Vaz Corte-Real and brother Miguel, participated in various exploratory voyages sponsored by the Portuguese Crown. These voyages are said to have been some of the first to reach Newfoundland and possibly other parts of eastern Canada.
Hvalsey Church
Hvalsey Church (Danish: Hvalsø Kirke; Old Norse: Hvalseyjarfjarðarkirkja) was a Catholic church at the abandoned Greenlandic Norse homestead of Hvalseyjarfjord (near modern-day Qaqortoq). The best preserved Norse ruins in Greenland, the church was also the location of the last written record of the Greenlandic Norse, a wedding in September 1408.

Qaqortoq
Qaqortoq (Greenlandic pronunciation: [qɑqɔttɔq]), also known as Julianehåb, is the capital city of the Kujalleq municipality in southern Greenland, located near Cape Thorvaldsen. With a population of 3,069 in 2025, it is the most populous town in Kujalleq and the fourth most in Greenland.
Benjamin Ulmann
Benjamin Ulmann (24 May 1829 – 24 February 1884) was a French painter of Jewish descent. Born at Blotzheim (Haut Rhin) in 1829, he became a pupil of Michel Martin Drolling and of François-Édouard Picot, and entered the Ecole des Beaux Arts in 1849. He gained the prix de Rome in 1859, and profited much by his studies in Italy. He exhibited a number of works at the Salon from 1855 onwards, chiefly portraits and historical subjects, and was commissioned to paint some pictures for the Palais Royal and for the Palais de Justice. His Sylla and Manus is in the Luxembourg Palace, and other works by him are in the Museums of Le Mans, Marseille, Melun, and Colmar. He died in 1884.

Palais de Justice, Paris
The Palais de Justice (French pronunciation: [palɛ d(ə) ʒystis], lit. 'Palace of Justice') is a judicial centre and courthouse in Paris, located on the Île de la Cité. It contains the Court of Appeal of Paris, the busiest appellate court in France, and France's highest court for ordinary cases, the Court of Cassation. It formerly housed the Tribunal de grande instance de Paris which was relocated in 2018 to a new high-rise building in Paris's Batignolles neighbourhood.

The Palais de Justice occupies a large part of the medieval Palais de la Cité, the former royal palace of the kings of France, which also includes Sainte Chapelle, the royal chapel, and the Conciergerie, a notorious former prison, which operated from 1380 to 1914. It is located in close proximity to the Tribunal of Commerce, the Prefecture of Police of Paris, and the offices of the Paris Bar Association.
Codjo François Azodogbehou
Codjo François Azodogbehou is a politician from Benin. He was a Central Committee member of the People's Revolutionary Party of Benin and Minister of Rural Development and Cooperative Action. He is now a spokesperson of the National Election Commission.

Central committee
A central committee is a political-executive organ designated as the highest organ of a communist party between two congresses. Per the principles of democratic centralism, a central committee is empowered to deal with any issue that falls under the party's purview. While formally retaining this role in socialist states, commonly referred to as communist states by outside observers, in practice, it delegates this authority to numerous smaller internal organs due to the infrequency of its meetings.

The term of a central committee of a ruling communist party is usually five years. The party congress elects individuals to the central committee and holds it accountable. At the first central committee session held immediately after a congress, it elects the party leader, an office usually titled general secretary of the central committee, a political organ, commonly known as the politburo, and an executive organ, customarily named the secretariat.
NerdTV
NerdTV was a technology TV show from PBS. NerdTV was not aired, instead each episode was released as a MPEG-4 video file, freely downloadable and licensed under a Creative Commons license. Transcripts and audio-only versions of the released episodes were available as well.

The show features Robert X. Cringely interviewing famous and influential nerds. Each episode was about one hour and features a single guest from the world of technology. From September 6, 2005 to November 29, 2005, thirteen episodes comprising Season One were released on the Internet. Another thirteen episodes were promised for Season Two, in which the show was renamed SuperNerds, along with a more consistent release schedule and better quality video files. Season Two was never created.

MPEG-4
MPEG-4 is a group of international standards for the compression of digital audio and visual data, multimedia systems, and file storage formats. It was originally introduced in late 1998 as a group of audio and video coding formats and related technology agreed upon by the ISO/IEC Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) (ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC29/WG11) under the formal standard ISO/IEC 14496 – Coding of audio-visual objects. Uses of MPEG-4 include compression of audiovisual data for Internet video and CD distribution, voice (telephone, videophone) and broadcast television applications. The MPEG-4 standard was developed by a group led by Touradj Ebrahimi (later the JPEG president) and Fernando Pereira.
Francisco Espinosa (racing driver)
Francisco César Espinosa (25 November 1947 – 18 February 2001) was an Argentine racing driver. He competed in Turismo Carretera intermittently between 1971 and 1990, winning the championship in the 1979/80 season. Likewise, he became the first TC champion driving a Chevrolet Chevy and the first to do so under the self-regency imposed by the Asociación Corredores de Turismo Carretera, in response to the conflict between the Argentine Automobile Club and the Argentine Confederation of Sports Motoring. During his foray into the TC, he used the IKA Torino, Chevrolet Chevy and Ford Falcon, a car model that he would use due to disagreements with the team with which he obtained his championship. He retired from the TC on 16 December 1990 in Tandil.

Espinosa died on 18 February 2001 in his hometown, Chacabuco. During his career in the TC, he started in 119 races, winning two of them, both in the 1979-80 season.

Asociación Corredores de Turismo Carretera
Asociación Corredores de Turismo Carretera (ACTC) is a governing body based in Argentina that specializes in auto racing competitions. It was founded on 30 August 1960, initially as a representative body and defender of the rights of drivers who competed in the Turismo Carretera category (hence its name), and then transformed in the mid-1970s into a competition inspection body, independent of the highest automotive body in Argentina: The Argentine Automobile Club. Currently, the ACTC is chaired by the former Turismo Carretera driver Hugo Mazzacane, and is in charge of the supervision of all the divisions of the TC. In addition to this category, ACTC also supervised the competitions of the Top Race V6 category, which it created in 1997 and which it ceased to audit in 2011.
August 1863 East Maitland colonial by-election
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of East Maitland on 11 August 1863 because John Darvall QC had been appointed Attorney General in the third Cowper ministry. Such ministerial by-elections were usually uncontested however on this occasion the appointment of Darvall was controversial, not only was he a conservative appointed to the liberal ministry, but because John Hargrave, who had been Attorney General since March 1860, accepted the lesser role of Solicitor General to allow Darvall to be appointed.

Solicitor General for New South Wales
Solicitor General for New South Wales, known informally as the Solicitor General, is one of the Law Officers of the Crown, and the deputy of the Attorney General.  They can exercise the powers of the Attorney General in the Attorney General's absence. The Solicitor General acts alongside the Crown Advocate, and Crown Solicitor, and serves as one of the legal and constitutional advisers of the Crown and its government in the Australian state of New South Wales.

The Solicitor General is addressed in court as "Mr Solicitor" or "Ms Solicitor". Despite the title, the position is usually held by a barrister, and since 1925 has been a King or Queen's Counsel or Senior Counsel. Previously a political appointment like the Attorney General is today, it has been separate from parliament since 1922  and since 1969 the Solicitor General has been a statutory office connected with the Department of Justice.
Eastern gray squirrel
The eastern gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis), known outside of the United States as the grey squirrel, is a species of tree squirrel in the genus Sciurus. It is native to eastern North America, where it is the most prodigious and ecologically essential natural forest regenerator. Widely introduced to certain places around the world, the eastern gray squirrel in Europe, in particular, is regarded as an invasive species.

In Europe, Sciurus carolinensis is included (since 2016) in the list of Invasive Alien Species of Union concern (the Union list). This implies that this species cannot be imported, bred, transported, commercialized, or intentionally released into the environment in the whole of the European Union.

Molar (tooth)
The molars or molar teeth are large, flat teeth at the back of the mouth. They are more developed in mammals. They are used primarily to grind food during chewing. The name molar derives from Latin, molaris dens, meaning "millstone tooth", from mola, millstone and dens, tooth. Molars show a great deal of diversity in size and shape across the mammal groups. The third molar of humans is sometimes vestigial.
GER Class A55
The GER Class A55 or Decapod was a one-off experimental steam locomotive with an 0-10-0WT wheel arrangement designed by James Holden for the Great Eastern Railway.  It was the first ten-coupled steam locomotive in Great Britain.

Tank locomotive
A tank locomotive is a steam locomotive which carries its water in one or more on-board water tanks, instead of a more traditional tender. Most tank engines also have bunkers (or fuel tanks) to hold fuel; in a tender-tank locomotive a tender holds some or all of the fuel, and may hold some water also.

There are several different types of tank locomotive, distinguished by the position and style of the water tanks and fuel bunkers. The most common type has tanks mounted either side of the boiler. This type originated about 1840 and quickly became popular for industrial tasks, and later for shunting and shorter-distance main line duties.

Tank locomotives have advantages and disadvantages compared to traditional locomotives that required a separate tender to carry needed water and fuel.
Brown Bears men's ice hockey
The Brown Bears men's ice hockey team is a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I college ice hockey program that represents Brown University. The Bears are a member of ECAC Hockey. They play at the Meehan Auditorium in Providence, Rhode Island.

Meehan Auditorium
The George V. Meehan Auditorium is a 3,059-seat hockey arena, in Providence, Rhode Island. The arena opened in 1961 and was dedicated on January 6, 1962. It is named for George V. Meehan, the benefactor of the arena, which he hoped would "service and promote" the Brown Bears ice hockey program, which now belongs to the Ivy and ECAC Hockey leagues. It is recognizable for its large white domed roof, and is located on the highest corner (Hope Street and Lloyd Avenue) of Brown's main athletic complex on College Hill in Providence.

Meehan was renovated in 2002, bringing its capacity up to its current level.