hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mohave and Milltown Railway
The Mohave and Milltown Railway was a 3 ft (914 mm) narrow gauge private railroad built in 1903 to serve the Leland Gold Mine near Oatman, Arizona, US.  The railway was incorporated in 1903 and construction of the 17-mile (27 km) line was completed that same year.  The railway started on the Arizona side of the Colorado River, across the stateline from Needles, California.  From the Colorado River the railway went northeast through Milltown and terminated at the Leland Mine, Vivian Mine and the Midnight Mine (near Oatman).

The railway hauled ore from the mines near Oatman to the mill at Milltown.

The railway was operating for only one year when several washouts in September and October 1904 damaged six miles (10 km) of the railway and led to its abandonment.  The rails were removed in 1912, the same year that Arizona became a state.

Gold mining
Gold mining is the extraction of gold by mining.

Historically, gold mining from alluvial deposits used manual separation processes, such as gold panning. The expansion of gold mining to ores that are below the surface has led to more complex extraction processes such as pit mining and gold cyanidation. In the 20th and 21st centuries, large corporations produce the vast majority of the gold mined. However, as a result of the increasing value of gold, there are also millions of small, artisanal miners in many parts of the Global South.

As with all mining, human rights and environmental issues are important issues in the gold mining industry, and can result in environmental conflict. In mines with less regulation, health and safety risks are much higher.
Purinton House
Purinton House is a historic home associated with the West Virginia University and located at Morgantown, Monongalia County, West Virginia. It was built in 1904, and is a 2+1⁄2-story masonry dwelling with Classical Revival and Colonial Revival style features. It features a large wraparound porch whose hip roof is supported by Ionic order columns.  The porch roof is topped by a balustrade.  The roof is topped by a balustraded deck and widow's walk.  It served as the on-campus residence for university presidents from 1905 to 1967.  On November 2, 1911, President William Howard Taft delivered the address "World Wide Speech," from the front porch of Purinton House.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

Morgantown, West Virginia
Morgantown is a city in Monongalia County, West Virginia, United States, and its county seat. Located along the Monongahela River in north-central West Virginia, it is home to West Virginia University. With a population of 30,347 at the 2020 census, Morgantown is the third-most populous city in West Virginia. The Morgantown metropolitan area has an estimated 140,000 residents. The local economy is largely driven by education and healthcare, anchored by West Virginia University and the Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center.
Perevoloki
Perevoloki (Russian: Переволоки) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Perevoloki, Bezenchuksky District, Samara Oblast, a selo in Bezenchuksky District of Samara Oblast

Perevoloki, Syzransky District, Samara Oblast, a selo in Syzransky District of Samara Oblast

Perevoloki, Tula Oblast, a village in Selivanovskaya Rural Administration of Shchyokinsky District of Tula Oblast

Tula Oblast
Tula Oblast (Russian: Ту́льская о́бласть, romanized: Tulʹskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject (an oblast) of Russia. It is geographically located in European Russia and is administratively part of the Central Federal District, covering an area of 25,700 square kilometers (9,900 sq mi). It has a population of 1,553,925 (2010 census). Tula is the largest city and the administrative center of the oblast.

Tula Oblast borders Moscow Oblast in the north, Ryazan in the east, Lipetsk in the southeast, Oryol in the southwest, and Kaluga in the west. Tula Oblast is one of the most developed and urbanized territories in Russia, and the majority of the territory forms the Tula-Novomoskovsk Agglomeration, an urban area with a population of over 1 million.
Donald Charlton Bradley
Donald Charlton Bradley CBE FRS, (7 November 1924 – 20 December 2014) was a British chemist who was recognized for his work on the chemistry of metal-alkoxides and metal-amides, their synthesis, structure and bonding, and for his studies of their conversions to metal-oxides and metal-nitrides.

Amide
In organic chemistry, an amide, also known as an organic amide or a carboxamide, is a compound with the general formula R−C(=O)−NR′R″, where R, R', and R″ represent any group, typically organyl groups or hydrogen atoms. The amide group is called a peptide bond when it is part of the main chain of a protein, and an isopeptide bond when it occurs in a side chain, as in asparagine and glutamine. It can be viewed as a derivative of a carboxylic acid (R−C(=O)−OH) with the hydroxyl group (−OH) replaced by an amino group (−NR′R″); or, equivalently, an acyl (alkanoyl) group (R−C(=O)−) joined to an amino group.

Common amides are formamide (H−C(=O)−NH2), acetamide (H3C−C(=O)−NH2), benzamide (C6H5−C(=O)−NH2), and dimethylformamide (H−C(=O)−N(−CH3)2).

Amides are qualified as primary, secondary, and tertiary according to the number of acyl groups bounded to the nitrogen atom.
Massimo Carrera
Massimo Carrera (Italian pronunciation: [ˈmassimo karˈrɛːra]; born 22 April 1964) is an Italian professional football manager and former player. Nicknamed La Bandera, he played as a defender for various clubs, including Juventus, which he later managed, and the Italy national team.

Supercoppa Italiana
The Supercoppa Italiana, also known as the Italian Super Cup, is an annual super cup tournament in Italian football. Founded in 1988 as a two-team competition, it has featured four teams since 2023 (the winners and runners-up of the previous season's Serie A and Coppa Italia). Before the format change, the match was exclusively contested between the winners of the Serie A and Coppa Italia titles. Under the new rules, if a team were to be occupying more than one of the four spots, that spot would then be filled by the third and/or fourth teams in the Serie A standings.

It was originally the opening match of the new season, played at the home stadium of the previous season's Serie A champions. Since 2018, the competition has been held during the winter months, and is mainly hosted internationally. Juventus is the most successful club with nine titles. They have met Lazio on five occasions, making it the most frequent matchup in tournament history.
Carl Gregor Herzog zu Mecklenburg
Carl Gregor Herzog zu Mecklenburg (14 March 1933 – 23 July 2018) was a German historian of music and art.  He served as director of the Museum of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Rottenburg-Stuttgart for a period of 18 years, and was noted for his books on music and art.  He was a member of the former Mecklenburg ducal family.

House of Mecklenburg
The House of Mecklenburg, also known as the Nikloting dynasty, is a North German family of Polabian origin that ruled until 1918 in the Mecklenburg region, being among the longest-ruling families of Europe. Queen Juliana of the Netherlands (1909–2004), former Queen of the Netherlands (1948–1980), was an agnatic member of this house.
Old Edwardians
Old Edwardians (OE) are old boys/girls of schools with Edward in the name of the school. It is also used to refer to Old Etonians.

Schools called King Edward's School or similar names include:

King Edward VI Aston

King Edward's School, Birmingham

King Edward VI Five Ways

King Edward VI Handsworth

King Edward's School, Bath

King Edward VI School, Southampton

King Edward VII School, Sheffield

King Edward VII School (Johannesburg)

St Edward's College, Liverpool

St Edward's College, Valletta, Malta

St. Edward's Secondary School in Sierra Leone.

King Edward VII School, Johannesburg
King Edward VII School (KES) is a public English medium high school for boys situated within the city of Johannesburg in South Africa's Gauteng Province, one of the historically significant Milner Schools.

The school is a public school, with an enrollment of over 1,100 boys from grades 8 to 12 (ages 13 to 18). King Edward VII Preparatory School (KEPS), which is situated adjacent to the High School and shares its grounds, caters to boys from grades R to 7.
Parma Park
34°27′01″N 119°40′46″W﻿ / ﻿34.45033888°N 119.67950555°W﻿ / 34.45033888; -119.67950555

Parma Park is a park located in Santa Barbara, California.

The park is situated on State Route 192 (Stanwood Drive) about one mile west of its junction with State Route 144.  Highway 192 is the main foothill bypass of Santa Barbara, and goes past the now underground Sheffield Reservoir.  The park itself is located in chaparral and oak-covered hills. It has picnic tables, hiking trails, and horse trails.

The park is also the major landing zone for hang gliders and paragliders launching from Gibraltar Road.

The majority of the park was burned in the Montecito Tea Fire.

California State Route 192
State Route 192 (SR 192) is a state highway in the U.S. state of California. The route runs from State Route 154 near Santa Barbara to State Route 150 near the Santa Barbara–Ventura county line. The two-lane road is better known as Foothill Road, as the route runs parallel to the foothills of the Santa Ynez Mountains.
Maurice Dubosson
Maurice Dubosson was a Swiss footballer who played for FC Basel as a forward.

Dubosson joined Basel's first team in 1936. After playing in two friendly games, he made his domestic league debut for the club in the away game on 30 August 1936 against FC Bern. It was the first game of Basel's 1936–37 season, and they were defeated. He scored his first goal for his club on 27 November 1938 in the home game at the Landhof against Grenchen as Basel won 2–0.

Between 1936 and 1939 Dubosson played thirteen games for Basel and scored three goals. Nine games were in the Nationalliga and four were friendlies. He scored once in the domestic league and twice during the test games.

FC Bern
Fussballclub Bern (FC Bern) is a football team from Bern, the capital city of Switzerland, who currently play in the Gruppe 1, in the Bern/Jura canton.

In 1921, the club won the Och Cup (that was considered as the former Swiss Cup). The Och Cup ran only for two years. In 1925, in a single game, FC Bern won the cup against the other winner of the Och Cup.
Pulan Visaranai
Pulan Visaranai (transl. Investigation) is a 1990 Indian Tamil-language action thriller film directed by R. K. Selvamani in his directoral debut. The film stars Vijayakanth and R. Sarathkumar, while Rupini, M. N. Nambiar, Radha Ravi and Anandaraj play supporting roles. It was released on 14 January 1990. The film was remade in Hindi as Ravan Raaj: A True Story (1995). The character of the antagonist Dharma (played by Anandaraj) is loosely based on the serial killer Auto Shankar. A sequel, Pulan Visaranai 2, was released in 2015.

Rupini
Komal Mahuvakar, better known by her stage name Rupini (born November 4, 1969), is an Indian former actress who has appeared in Hindi, Tamil, Kannada, Malayalam and Telugu language films during the late 1980s and early 1990s.
Enegi
Enegi or Enegir was an ancient Mesopotamian city located in present-day Iraq. It is considered lost, though it is known that it was one of the settlements in the southernmost part of lower Mesopotamia, like Larsa, Ur and Eridu. Attempts have been made to identify it with multiple excavated sites. In textual sources, it is well documented as the cult center of the god Ninazu, and in that capacity it was connected to beliefs tied to the underworld. It appears in sources from between the Early Dynastic and Old Babylonian periods. Later on the cult of its tutelary god might have been transferred to Ur.

Lower Mesopotamia
Lower Mesopotamia is a historical region of Mesopotamia. It is located in the alluvial plain of Iraq from the Hamrin Mountains to the Faw Peninsula near the Persian Gulf.

In the Middle Ages it was also known as the Sawad and al-Jazira al-sflia ("Lower Jazira"), which strictly speaking designated  only the southern alluvial plain, and Arab Iraq, as opposed to Persian Iraq, the Jibal. Lower Mesopotamia was home to Sumer and Babylonia.
Crown Street, Sydney
Crown Street is a 2.3-kilometre (1.4 mi) street in the inner Sydney suburbs of Woolloomooloo, East Sydney, Darlinghurst and Surry Hills in New South Wales, Australia. The Surry Hills section is lined with restaurants and shops and includes the Crown Street Public School, the Surry Hills Library and Community Centre, and the White Horse Hotel.

Traffic volumes vary, depending on the segment of Crown Street. South of William Street in East Sydney, the average traffic movements in 2016 for north-bound vehicles was 5,690; while the movements for south-bound vehicles was 4,136.

East Sydney (locality)
East Sydney is a small inner-city locality in Sydney, Australia. It is situated immediately east of the Sydney central business district, adjacent to Hyde Park.

East Sydney is a locality within the suburbs of Woolloomooloo and Darlinghurst and is in the City of Sydney. It is bounded by William, College and Oxford streets. The locality is of predominantly residential and also includes education, media, commercial, and significant cafes and restaurants. It contains a number of institutions of significance including the Australian Museum, Sydney Grammar School and a residence of the St Vincent de Paul Society.

The locality has a distinctive history, transitioning through periods of high regard to ill-repute. The locality is contained within the Office of Environment & Heritage's East Sydney and Darlinghurst Conservation Area. As of 2015, it continues to evolve as one of the last inner-city locations within Sydney to be gentrified.
Babes (TV series)
Babes is an American sitcom series that aired Thursdays at 8:30 for one season on Fox from September 13, 1990, to May 9, 1991. Reruns were shown Saturdays at 9:30 from July to August 1991. It was created by Gail Parent and Tracey Jackson and executive produced for 20th Century Fox Television by Sandollar Productions, a former production company run by Sandy Gallin and Dolly Parton.

1990 in American television
In 1990, television in the United States saw a number of significant events, including the debuts, finales, and cancellations of television shows; the launch, closure, and rebranding of channels; changes and additions to network affiliations by stations; controversies, business transactions, and carriage disputes; and the deaths of individuals who had made notable contributions to the medium.
Benner Township, Pennsylvania
Benner Township is a township in Centre County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is part of the State College, Pennsylvania Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is located approximately at  along Buffalo Run Road (Pennsylvania Route 550), near Bellefonte.

The population was 8,964 at the 2020 census, which is an 44.9% increase over the 6.188 recorded in 2010.

State College, Pennsylvania
State College is a borough and home rule municipality in Centre County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 40,501 at the 2020 census. It is a college town home to Penn State University Park, the main campus of the Pennsylvania State University.

State College is the largest borough in Pennsylvania by population. It is the principal borough of the six municipalities that make up the State College area, the largest settlement in Centre County, and one of the principal cities of the greater State College–DuBois combined statistical area which had 238,734 residents in 2020.
Maireana triptera
Maireana triptera, commonly known as three-wing bluebush, is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaranthaceae and is endemic to mainland Australia. It is a glaucous, compact perennial shrub with mostly glabrous branchlets, fleshy semiterete leaves, mostly bisexual flowers arranged singly, and a glabrous fruiting perianth with five vertical wings fused to a horizontal wing.

Monoicy
Monoicy is a sexual system in haploid plants (mainly bryophytes) where both sperm and eggs are produced on the same gametophyte, in contrast with dioicy, where each gametophyte produces only sperm or eggs but never both. Both monoicous and dioicous gametophytes produce gametes in gametangia by mitosis rather than meiosis, so that sperm and eggs are genetically identical with their parent gametophyte.

It has been suggested that monoicy may have benefits in dry habitats where the ability to produce sporophytes is limited due to lack of water.: 292

Monoicy is similar to, and often conflated with, monoecy, which applies to seed plants (spermatophytes) and refers to separate male and female cones or flowers on the same plant.
Eupithecia undata
Eupithecia undata is a moth in the family Geometridae first described by Christian Friedrich Freyer in 1840. The North American Moth Photographers Group lists it as a synonym of Eupithecia lafontaineata. It is found in the Pyrenees, Alps, the Massif Central, the Tatra mountains, on the Balkan Peninsula and in Romania. It is also found in North America, where it has been recorded from Wyoming, Montana, Idaho, Colorado, Nevada and Oregon.

The wingspan is 17–18 mm. Adults have been recorded on wing from mid-May to July in Europe.

The larvae feed on Silene and Minuartia species and Gypsophila repens. Larvae can be found from the end of June to mid-August. The species overwinters in the pupal stage.

Silene
Silene is a genus of flowering plants in the family Caryophyllaceae. Containing nearly 900 species, it is the largest genus in the family. Common names include campion and catchfly. Many Silene species are widely distributed, particularly in the northern hemisphere.
Robert K. Greenleaf
Robert Kiefner Greenleaf (1904–1990) was an American business executive and leadership consultant, and the founder of the modern servant leadership movement and the Greenleaf Center for Servant Leadership.

Greenleaf was born in Terre Haute, Indiana in 1904. After graduating from Carleton College in Minnesota, he went to work for AT&T, then the American Telephone and Telegraph Company. For the next 40 years he researched management, development, and education. He became suspicious that the power-centered authoritarian leadership style so prominent in U.S. institutions was not working, and in 1964, he took an early retirement to found the Greenleaf Center for Servant Leadership (initially called the Center for Applied Ethics).

AT&T Corporation
AT&T Corporation, an abbreviation of its former name, the American Telephone and Telegraph Company, was an American telecommunications company that provided voice, video, data, and Internet telecommunications and professional services to businesses, consumers, and government agencies.

During the Bell System's long history, AT&T was at times the world's largest telecommunications company, the world's largest cable television operator, and a regulated monopoly. At its peak in the 1950s and 1960s, it employed one million people and its revenue ranged between US$3 billion in 1950 ($42.6 billion in present-day terms) and $12 billion in 1966 ($120 billion in present-day terms).

In 2005, AT&T was acquired by "Baby Bell" and former subsidiary SBC Communications for more than $16 billion ($25.8 billion in present-day terms). SBC then changed its name to AT&T Inc., with AT&T Corporation continuing to exist as a long-distance calling subsidiary until its dissolution on May 1, 2024.
2016 Rogers Cup – Women's doubles
Bethanie Mattek-Sands and Lucie Šafářová were the defending champions, but decided not to compete together. Mattek-Sands played alongside Heather Watson, but lost in the quarterfinals to Andreja Klepač and Katarina Srebotnik. Šafářová teamed up with Tímea Babos, but lost in the first round to Kateryna Bondarenko and Olga Savchuk.

Ekaterina Makarova and Elena Vesnina won the title, defeating Simona Halep and Monica Niculescu in the final, 6–3, 7–6(7–5).

Heather Watson
Heather Miriam Watson (born 19 May 1992) is a British professional tennis player. A former British No. 1, Watson has won nine titles over her career, including the mixed-doubles title at the 2016 Wimbledon Championships, partnering Henri Kontinen, making her the first British woman to win a major title since Jo Durie in 1991, and the first to win a Wimbledon title since Durie in 1987. In October 2012, Watson won her first WTA Tour singles title at the Japan Women's Open, becoming the first British woman to win a WTA tournament singles title since Sara Gomer in 1988.

In her junior career, Watson won the US Open and a gold medal at the 2008 Commonwealth Youth Games. She reached No. 3 in the world on the ITF Junior Circuit.
2024 Cavan Senior Hurling Championship
The 2024 Cavan Senior Hurling Championship was the 65th staging of the Cavan Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cavan County Board in 1908. The championship ran from 23 January to 4 August 2024.

Cootehill Celtic entered the championship as the defending champions.

The final was played on 4 August 2024 at Kingspan Breffni Park in Cavan, between East Cavan Gaels and Cootehill Celtic, in what was their second consecutive meeting in the final. East Cavan Gaels won the match by 0–15 to 1–09 to claim their first ever championship title.

Breffni Park
Breffni Park, known for sponsorship reasons as Kingspan Breffni, is a GAA stadium in Cavan, Ireland. It is the home of Cavan GAA. The ground has an overall capacity of about 25,030, including 5,030 seated. Breffni is the historic name for the area of counties Cavan and Leitrim. Cavan is often referred to as the Breffni County. Kingspan Breffni is located on Park Lane to the south of Cavan town. Breffni Park hosted the first test in the 2006 Ladies' International Rules Series between Ireland and Australia. It also hosted the first test during the 2013 International Rules Series.
Preston Richard
Preston Richard is a civil parish in Westmorland and Furness, Cumbria, England. It includes the village of Endmoor, and the hamlets of Crooklands, Birkrigg Park, Milton, Low Park, and Summerlands.

In the 2001 census the parish had a population of 1,307, decreasing slightly at the 2011 census to 1,305.

There are 16 grade II listed buildings in the parish, including several milestones, bridges and a privy.

In 1870-1872 it was described as "a township in Heversham parish" with a population of 504 and a gunpowder works. From 1974 to 2023 it was in South Lakeland district.

Outhouse
An outhouse — known variously across the English-speaking world otherwise as bog, dunny, long-drop, or privy — is a small structure, separate from a house or main building, which covers a toilet. This is typically either a pit latrine or a bucket toilet, but other forms of dry (non-flushing) toilets may be encountered. The term may also be used to denote the toilet itself, not just the structure.

Outhouses were in use in cities of developed countries (e.g. Australia) well into the second half of the twentieth century. They are still common in rural areas and also in cities of developing countries. Outhouses that are covering pit latrines in densely populated areas can cause groundwater pollution.
Gocha Laghidze
Gocha Laghidze (გოჩა ლაღიძე, March 18, 1965 — present) is a Dutch-Georgian metal artist and armorer. He specializes in the reconstruction and restoration of medieval armor and weaponry.

Laghidze's work involves studying the historical context and original craftsmanship of the objects he handles. His work is characterized by craftsmanship with an artistic touch. The Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture and Science considers his work to be of essential importance to Dutch cultural heritage.

Conservation and restoration of cultural property
The conservation and restoration of cultural property focuses on protection and care of cultural property (tangible cultural heritage), including artworks, architecture, archaeology, and museum collections. Conservation activities include preventive conservation, examination, documentation, research, treatment, and education. This field is closely allied with conservation science, curators and registrars.