hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2023 Men's Hockey Junior Asia Cup
The 2023 Men's Hockey Junior Asia Cup was the ninth edition of the Men's Hockey Junior Asia Cup, the men's international under-21 field hockey championship of Asia organized by the Asian Hockey Federation. It took place from 23 May to 1 June 2023 at the Salalah Sports Complex in Salalah, Oman.

The tournament served as the Asian qualifier for the 2023 FIH Junior World Cup, with the top three qualifying. The defending champions India won their fourth title by defeating Pakistan 2–1 in the final. South Korea won the bronze medal by defeating Malaysia 2–1.

Malaysia men's national under-21 field hockey team
The Malaysia men's national under-21 field hockey team represents Malaysia in international under-21 field hockey competitions. It is governed by the Malaysian Hockey Confederation, the governing body for field hockey in Malaysia.
Matrix Chernoff bound
For certain applications in linear algebra, it is useful to know properties of the probability distribution of the largest eigenvalue of a finite sum of random matrices.  Suppose  is a finite sequence of random matrices.  Analogous to the well-known Chernoff bound for sums of scalars, a bound on the following is sought for a given parameter t:

The following theorems answer this general question under various assumptions; these assumptions are named below by analogy to their classical, scalar counterparts.  All of these theorems can be found in (Tropp 2010), as the specific application of a general result which is derived below.  A summary of related works is given.

Azuma's inequality
In probability theory, Azuma's inequality or the Azuma–Hoeffding inequality (named after Kazuoki Azuma and Wassily Hoeffding) gives a concentration result for the values of martingales that have bounded differences.

Suppose  is a martingale (or super-martingale) and

almost surely. Then for all positive integers N and all positive reals ,

And symmetrically (when Xk is a sub-martingale):

If X is a martingale, using both inequalities above and applying the union bound allows one to obtain a two-sided bound:
2009–10 Chilean general election
General elections were held in Chile on Sunday 13 December 2009 to elect the president, all 120 members of the Chamber of Deputies and 18 of the 38 members of the Senate were up for election. As no presidential candidate received a majority of the vote, a second round was held between the top two candidates—Sebastián Piñera and Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle—on Sunday 17 January 2010. Piñera won the runoff with 52% of the vote and succeeded Michelle Bachelet on 11 March 2010.

In the Congressional elections, the centre-right Coalition for Change improved on the Alliance for Chile's result in 2005 by winning 58 seats in the Chamber of Deputies, while the governing center-left Concertación (CPD) was reduced to 57 seats. Three communist MPs were elected (Guillermo Teillier, Hugo Gutiérrez and Lautaro Carmona), while incumbent Speaker of the Chamber, Rodrigo Álvarez (UDI) was defeated by Marcela Sabat (RN).

Senate of Chile
33°02′52″S 71°36′21″W﻿ / ﻿33.04778°S 71.60583°W﻿ / -33.04778; -71.60583

The Senate of the Republic of Chile is the upper house of Chile's bicameral National Congress, as established in the current Constitution of Chile.
Tim Kelly (Minnesota politician)
Timothy Joseph Kelly (born February 26, 1964) is a Minnesota politician and former member of the Minnesota House of Representatives. A member of the Republican Party of Minnesota, he represented District 21A, which included all or portions of Goodhue and Wabasha counties in the southeastern part of the state.

Wabasha County, Minnesota
Wabasha County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 21,387. Its county seat is Wabasha.

Wabasha County is part of the Rochester Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Coelurus
Coelurus is a genus of coelurosaurian dinosaur from the Late Jurassic period (mid-late Kimmeridgian faunal stage, 155–152 million years ago). The name means "hollow tail", referring to its hollow tail vertebrae (Greek κοῖλος, koilos = hollow + οὐρά, oura = tail). Although its name is linked to one of the main divisions of theropods (Coelurosauria), it has historically been poorly understood, and sometimes confused with its better-known contemporary Ornitholestes. Like many dinosaurs studied in the early years of paleontology, it has had a confusing taxonomic history, with several species being named and later transferred to other genera or abandoned. Only one species is currently recognized as valid: the type species, C. fragilis, described by Othniel Charles Marsh in 1879. It is known from one partial skeleton found in the Morrison Formation of Wyoming, United States. It was a small bipedal carnivore with elongate legs.

Carnivore
A carnivore /ˈkɑːrnɪvɔːr/, or meat-eater (Latin, caro, genitive carnis, meaning meat or flesh and vorare meaning "to devour"), is an animal or plant whose nutrition and energy requirements are met by consumption of animal tissues (mainly muscle, fat and other soft tissues) as food, whether through predation or scavenging.
Beehive (band)
Beehive is a pop and electronica duo from Seattle, Washington. The band began as a studio project between two close friends, Alethea (AKA Butterfly Beats) and David Miller. Beehive combines the new electronic music forms with classic pop hooks and rock attitude. Songs by Beehive have been licensed by MTV shows such as Cheyenne, The Real World and Road Rules. In 2006, the band was nominated in the Seattle Weekly 2006 Music Awards. In December 2007 Beehive released their album Pretty Little Thieves and has worked with Planetary Group for radio promotion as well as Buddy Buddy for licensing and GoDigital Media Group for label representation.

Cheyenne Kimball
Cheyenne Nichole Kimball (born July 27, 1990) is an American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and mandolinist. Her debut album, The Day Has Come, was released in July 2006, coinciding with an MTV reality series following her entry into the music industry. This album produced a charting single on the Billboard Hot 100 in "Hanging On." From 2008 to 2011, she was a member of the country music band Gloriana, which made its chart debut in 2009.
United Corporations and Mercantile Union
The United Corporations and Mercantile Union (UCMU) is a Sri Lankan trade union which brings together workers in the public sector.

The UCMU was founded in 1968. Dr N.M. Perera became its president and Anil Moonesinghe became its general secretary. Moonesinghe travelled the country from factory to factory building up a union of several tens of thousands of members. One of his lieutenants in this task was Vasudeva Nanayakkara, who became an MP in 1970. At the 1970 general election, the UCMU also sponsored the candidature of the chairman of its Vidyodaya University branch, Mahinda Rajapaksa who was later to become Prime Minister and then President of Sri Lanka.

In 1970, when Anil Moonesinghe went to the Ceylon Transport Board as chairman, he was succeeded as general secretary by Percy Wickremasekera. After the death of Dr N.M. Perera in 1979, Anil Moonesinghe became president.

Sri Lanka Transport Board
The Sri Lanka Transport Board (Tamil: இலங்கை போக்குவரத்து சபை "Ilaṅkai pōkkuvarattu capai")(Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකා ගමනාගමන මණ්ඩලය Shri Lanka Gamanāgamana Mandalaya)(formerly: Ceylon Transport Board, CTB) is a bus service provider in Sri Lanka.

Between 1958 and 1978, the Ceylon Transport Board (CTB) was the nationalised enterprise which handled all public bus transport in Sri Lanka. At its peak, it was the largest omnibus company in the world — with about 7,000 buses and over 50,000 employees. With privatization in 1979, it underwent a period of decline.

First broken up into several regional boards, then into several companies, it was finally reconstituted as the Sri Lanka Transport Board in 2005.

In 2016, the number of buses in the fleet was 7769, of which 6178 were in operation. In the same year, SLTB had a total of 32,640 employees.
Speech (Speech album)
Speech is the first solo album by the American rapper Speech, released in 1996.

The album's first single was "Like Marvin Gaye Said (What's Going On)". It first appeared on the Marvin Gaye tribute album Inner City Blues: The Music of Marvin Gaye.

Inner City Blues: The Music of Marvin Gaye
Inner City Blues: the Music of Marvin Gaye (also known as Inner City Blues: A Tribute to Marvin Gaye) is a tribute album to soul singer Marvin Gaye who died in 1984. It was released in 1995 on the Motown Records label. The album was not a success on the music charts and sales were low. Many critics panned the album, although, Allmusic stated "I Want You" was the album's standout tracks, and WBLS (New York) DJ Félix Hernández selected "Stubborn Kind of Fellow" as his choice in his yearly tribute to Marvin Gaye on his "Rhythm Revue" program.

An eclectic group of artists from Marvin's own daughter, Nona Gaye to the UK soul and pop diva, Lisa Stansfield's reading on "Just to Keep You Satisfied" to Bono's take on "Save the Children". The artists selected were, for the most part, some of the biggest stars of 1990s pop and soul.
Sweden women's national goalball team
Sweden women's national goalball team is the women's national team of Sweden.  Goalball is a team sport designed specifically for athletes with a vision impairment. The team takes part in international goalball competitions.

Since 2018 Sweden has not had a women's national team. The team did make an appearance at the 2025 Pajulahti games in Finland.

Team sport
A team sport is a type of sport where the fundamental nature of the game or sport requires the participation of multiple individuals working together as a team, and it is inherently impossible or highly impractical to execute the sport as a single-player endeavour. In team sports, the cooperative effort of team members is essential for the sport to function and achieve its objectives. The objective often involves teammates facilitating the movement of a ball or similar bob in accordance with a set of rules in order to score points. Examples are basketball, volleyball, rugby league, rugby union, water polo, handball, lacrosse, cricket, baseball, and the various forms of football and hockey. These sports emphasize teamwork, strategy, and coordination among team members while competing against opposing teams to achieve a common goal. Team sports do not include individual or individual-to-team events within a sport.
Ely Place
51°31′7″N 0°6′25″W﻿ / ﻿51.51861°N 0.10694°W﻿ / 51.51861; -0.10694

Ely Place /ˈiːli/ ⓘ is a gated road of multi-storey terraces at the southern tip of the London Borough of Camden in London, England. It hosts a 1773-rebuilt public house, Ye Olde Mitre, of Tudor origin and is adjacent to Hatton Garden.

It is privately managed by its own body of commissioners and beadles.

Ely Place sits on the site of the London residence of the Bishops of Ely, who regularly lived there between 1290 and 1772. The bishop's palace and surrounding land was then sold and redeveloped into Ely Place, with only the bishop's medieval chapel being preserved.

London Borough of Camden
The London Borough of Camden (/ˈkæmdən/ ⓘ) is a borough in Inner London, England. Camden Town Hall, on Euston Road, lies 1.4 mi (2.3 km) north of Charing Cross. The borough was established on 1 April 1965 from the former metropolitan boroughs of Holborn,  St Pancras and Hampstead.

To the south it shares with the City of Westminster parts of the West End, where it also borders the City of London. The cultural and commercial land uses in the south contrast with the bustling mixed-use districts such as Camden Town and Kentish Town in the centre and leafy residential areas around Hampstead Heath in the north. Well known attractions include The British Museum, The British Library, the famous views from Parliament Hill, the London Zoo, the BT Tower, the converted Roundhouse entertainment venue, and Camden Market. As of 2021 it has a population of 210,136. Politically, its local authority is Camden London Borough Council.
Simple lens
In optics, a simple lens or singlet lens is a lens consisting of a single simple element. Typical examples include a magnifying glass or a lens in a pair of simple reading glasses.

Simple lenses are prone to aberrations, especially chromatic aberration. They cannot be used for precise imaging and make poor camera lenses.  They are commonly used for laser applications, however, where the beams are both monochromatic (minimizing chromatic aberration) and narrow (minimizing spherical aberration).

Some cameras  with fixed lenses have been made using a simple lens, usually a meniscus lens with the convex face facing outward. In such examples the lens aperture is made small and in some cases (such as the Kodak Brownie 127 camera), the film plane is curved to reduce the impact of aberrations.

Kodak Brownie
The Brownie was a series of camera models made by Eastman Kodak and first released in 1900.

It introduced the snapshot to the masses by addressing the cost factor which had meant that amateur photography remained beyond the means of many people; the Pocket Kodak, for example, would cost most families in Britain nearly a whole month's wages.

The Brownie was a basic cardboard box camera with a simple convex-concave lens that took 2+1⁄4-inch square pictures on No. 117 roll film. It was conceived and marketed for sales of Kodak roll films. Because of its simple controls and initial price of US$1 (equivalent to $39 in 2025) along with the low price of Kodak roll film and processing, the Brownie camera surpassed its marketing goal.
Saalkreis Nord
Saalkreis Nord was a Verwaltungsgemeinschaft ("collective municipality") in the Saalekreis district, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It was situated northwest of Halle (Saale). The seat of the Verwaltungsgemeinschaft was in Wettin. It was disbanded in January 2011.

The Verwaltungsgemeinschaft Saalkreis Nord consisted of the following municipalities:

Brachwitz

Döblitz

Domnitz

Gimritz

Löbejün

Nauendorf

Neutz-Lettewitz

Plötz

Rothenburg

Wettin

51°38′N 11°54′E﻿ / ﻿51.633°N 11.900°E﻿ / 51.633; 11.900

Saalekreis
Saalekreis is a district in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. The district seat is Merseburg. Its area is 1,434.2 km2 (553.7 sq mi). It is bounded by (from the west and clockwise) the districts Kyffhäuserkreis (Thuringia), Mansfeld-Südharz, Salzlandkreis, Anhalt-Bitterfeld, Nordsachsen, Leipzig (both Saxony) and Burgenlandkreis. The district-free city of Halle is surrounded by the Saalekreis.
Para-equestrian classification
Para-equestrian classification is a system for para-equestrian sport. It is a graded system based on the degree of physical or visual disability and handled at the international level by the FEI.  The sport has eligible classifications for people with physical and vision disabilities.   Groups of eligible riders include The sport is open to competitors with impaired muscle power, athetosis, impaired passive range of movement, hypertonia, limb deficiency, ataxia, leg length difference, short stature, and vision impairment.  They are grouped into five different classes to allow fair competition.  These classes are  Grade I, Grade II, Grade III, Grade IV, and Grade V(Grade Names Changed as of Jan 2017) .  The para-equestrian classification does not consider the gender of the rider, as equestrines compete in mixed gender competitions.

Double bridle
A double bridle, also called a full bridle or Weymouth bridle, is a bridle that has two bits and four reins (sometimes called "double reins"). One bit is the bradoon (or bridoon), is a modified snaffle bit that is smaller in diameter and has smaller bit rings than a traditional snaffle, and it is adjusted so that it sits above and in front of the other bit, a curb bit.  Another term for this combination of curb and snaffle bit is a "bit and bradoon", where the word "bit" in this particular context refers to the curb.
Qiu Jiongjiong
Qiu Jiongjiong (Chinese: 邱炯炯, born 1977 in Sichuan, China) is a Chinese contemporary artist and filmmaker based in Shenzhen China.

Born in 1977 in Leshan, Sichuan Province in central China. Qiu Jiongjiong went on to work in Beijing until 2017, and now currently lives and works in Shenzhen, China.

Qiu Jiongjiong predominantly works with paint and film in his pieces. He has participated in multiple exhibitions and art fairs both locally in China and internationally. His films have been praised as giving a raw narrative of Chinese society and an unbiased approach to modern Chinese political topics.

Leshan
Leshan, formerly known as Jiading and Jiazhou, is a prefecture-level city located at the confluence of the Dadu and Min rivers, on the southwestern fringe of the Sichuan Basin, about 120 km (75 mi) from Chengdu, Sichuan, China. By the end of 2024, the registered population of the city is 3.45 million. A historical and cultural city, Leshan is famous for world heritage sites Emei Mountain and Leshan Buddha, as well as for its rich food culture. It is also a regional center in the southern part of the Chengdu Economic Zone, serving as a transportation hub and port city in southwestern China.
Netherlands at the 2002 Winter Paralympics
Netherlands competed at the 2002 Winter Paralympics in Salt Lake City, United States. The team included 4 athletes, 3 men and 1 women. Competitors from Netherlands won 4 medals, including 1 gold and 3 silver to finish 15th in the medal table.

2002 Winter Paralympics
The 2002 Winter Paralympics, the eighth Paralympic Winter Games, were held in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States, from 7 to 16 March 2002. A total of 416 athletes from 36 nations participated. They were the first Winter Paralympics in the American continent.
These were the first Paralympic Winter Games for Andorra, Chile, China, Croatia, Greece, and Hungary. Ragnhild Myklebust of Norway won five gold medals in skiing and biathlon, becoming the most successful Winter Paralympic athlete of all time with 22 medals, 17 of them gold.
Seismogram
A seismogram is a graph output by a seismograph. It is a record of the ground motion at a measuring station as a function of time. Seismograms typically record motions in three cartesian axes (x, y, and z), with the z axis perpendicular to the Earth's surface and the x- and y- axes parallel to the surface. The energy measured in a seismogram may result from an earthquake or from some other source, such as an explosion. Seismograms can record many things, and record many little waves, called microseisms. These tiny events can be caused by heavy traffic near the seismograph, waves hitting a beach, the wind, and any number of other ordinary things that cause some shaking of the seismograph.

Historically, seismograms were recorded on paper attached to rotating drums, a kind of chart recorder. Some used pens on ordinary paper, while others used light beams to expose photosensitive paper. Today, practically all seismograms are recorded digitally to make analysis by computer easier.

Microseism
In seismology, a microseism is defined as a faint earth tremor caused by natural phenomena. Sometimes referred to as a "hum", it should not be confused with the anomalous acoustic phenomenon of the same name. The term is most commonly used to refer to the dominant background seismic and electromagnetic noise signals on Earth, which are caused by water waves in the oceans and lakes.  Characteristics of microseism are discussed by Bhatt. Because the ocean wave oscillations are statistically homogeneous over several hours, the microseism signal is a long-continuing oscillation of the ground. The most energetic seismic waves that make up the microseismic field are Rayleigh waves, but Love waves can make up a significant fraction of the wave field, and body waves are also easily detected with arrays. Because the conversion from the ocean waves to the seismic waves is very weak, the amplitude of ground motions associated to microseisms does not generally exceed 10 micrometers.
Johan Frederik Thorne
Johan Frederik Thorne (23 December 1801 – 7 March 1854) was a Norwegian businessperson and politician.

He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament in 1833, 1839, 1845 and 1848, representing the constituency of Drammen. He worked as a merchant, timber trader, estate owner and vice consul.

He married Henriette Dorthea Schive, but she died in 1841. In 1842 he married for the second time, this time to Gurina Johanna Paasche. Their son Johan Henrik Paasche Thorne became a notable businessman and politician, and their daughter Sara married businessman and politician Theodor Peterson. Johan Frederik's brother was Søren Wilhelm Thorne.

Drammen
Drammen (Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈdrɑ̀mːən] ⓘ) is a city and municipality in Buskerud county, Norway. The port and river city of Drammen is centrally located in the south-eastern and most populated part of Norway. Drammen municipality also includes smaller towns and villages such as Konnerud, Svelvik, Mjøndalen and Skoger.
Beka Gviniashvili
Beka Gviniashvili (born 26 October 1995) is a Georgian judoka who became European Junior Champion in 2013, 2014, and 2015 and won the World Junior Championships in 2013 in Ljubljana and in 2015 in Abu Dhabi and EYOF in 2011. He also became the U23 European Championship in 2016 in Tel Aviv. With the Georgian Juniors, he won the World and European titles. He is a promising rising judoka. He placed 5th at the 2015 World Judo Championships in Astana, Kazakhstan after losing in the bronze medal final against one of his colleagues Varlam Liparteliani. He competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, in the men's ‍–‍100 kg category where he placed 7th. He took bronze at the 2017 European Judo Championships in the men's ‍–‍90 kg category.

In 2021, Gviniashvili won the silver medal in his event at the 2021 Judo World Masters held in Doha, Qatar.

On 22 May 2025, Gviniashvili received a four year suspension.

Judo at the European Youth Summer Olympic Festival
The judo event at the European Youth Olympic Festival is a biannual judo competition organized by the European Judo Union for European judoka aged 18 and younger.

The most recent contest took place in Maribor, Slovenia. The next will take place in Skopje, North Macedonia.
Dobaara: See Your Evil
Dobaara: See Your Evil (transl. Once again: see your evil) is a 2017 Indian supernatural horror film written and directed by Prawaal Raman. It is an official adaptation of the 2013 American horror film Oculus; the original film's director and co-writer, Mike Flanagan, serves as executive producer and received story credits. The film is a B4U Motion Pictures presentation in association with Relativity Media and Zahhak Films Limited. Dobaara: See Your Evil is produced by Ishan Saksena, Prawaal Raman, Sunil Shah and Vikram Khakhar and stars Huma Qureshi and Saqib Saleem, with Adil Hussain, Lisa Ray, Abhishek Singh, and Rhea Chakraborty in crucial supporting roles. It was released worldwide on 2 June 2017.

Tota Roy Chowdhury
Tota Roy Chowdhury is an Indian actor who predominantly works in Bengali and Hindi cinema. He is also known for his versatile acting performances, fitness, martial arts and dance moves. His notable roles include Feluda in the Hoichoi web series Feludar Goyendagiri based on Satyajit Ray's Feluda series, Chandon Chatterjee in Karan Johar's film Rocky Aur Rani Kii Prem Kahaani and Rohit Sen in Star Jalsha's daily soap Sreemoyee.

He made his big screen debut opposite Miss Jojo in Prabhat Roy's Bengali film Duranta Prem (1993). His breakthrough role came with Rituparno Ghosh's National Award winning Bengali film Chokher Bali (2003).