hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bir Lahmar
Bir Lahmar is a town and commune in the Tataouine Governorate, Tunisia. As of 2004 it had a population of 8,418.
It is surrounded by the mountains of Djebel Dahar to the west and the coastal plain of Djeffara to the east.

As the name implies ("red well" in Arabic), the city developed around a source of water, a precious element in a desert region traditionally traveled by caravans.

Tataouine Governorate
Tataouine (Tunisian Arabic: ولاية تطاوين Wilāyat Taṭāwīn; French: Gouvernorat de Tataouine) is the southernmost of the twenty-four governorates of Tunisia, the only one to border both Algeria and Libya. It is also the largest, covering an area of 38,889 km2. It had a population of 149,453 (at the 2014 census), nearly tied for second least-populated with Kebili (156,961) after Tozeur (107,912). The capital is Tataouine. The region's economy is based on agriculture. With a large agricultural area (200,000 hectares), the region is dominated by olive trees, legumes, early vegetables, and asparagus, which is exported, as well as the production of red meat and milk.
Villeneuve-lès-Charnod
Villeneuve-lès-Charnod (French pronunciation: [vilnœv lɛ ʃaʁno], literally Villeneuve near Charnod) is a former commune in the Jura department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the commune Aromas.

Lès
The word lès (French pronunciation: [lɛ] ⓘ, and [lɛz‿] with liaison) is an archaic French preposition meaning "near", "nearby", or "next to". Today it occurs only in place names to distinguish places with the same name.

The word lès has two variants: lez and les. The latter should not be confused with the plural definite article les (e.g. les-Bains, "the Baths").
Chartrettes
Chartrettes (French pronunciation: [ʃaʁtʁɛt] ⓘ) is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France. The commune is located to the west of the Seine and shares 2 bridges to the neighbouring Bois-Le-Roi.

Seine-et-Marne
Seine-et-Marne (French pronunciation: [sɛn e maʁn] ⓘ; lit. 'Seine and Marne') is a department in the Île-de-France region in Northern France. Named after the rivers Seine and Marne, it is the region's largest department with an area of 5,915 square kilometres (2,284 square miles); it roughly covers its eastern half. In 2019, it had a population of 1,421,197. Its prefecture is Melun, although both Meaux and Chelles have larger populations.
Telenor Kystradio
Telenor Kystradio (formerly Telenor Maritim Radio) is a part of Telenor and provides maritime telecommunication services along the coast of Norway, operating networks of marine VHF radio, medium frequency, high frequency and Navtex transmitters. As of January 2018 there are two coastal radio stations in Norway, Kystradio nord and Kystradio sør. The agency also issues marine radio licenses for both commercial- and pleasure ships, including callsigns and Maritime Mobile Service Identities, as well as radio operator certificates. Telenor Kystradio head office is based at Telenor Norway's head office at Fornebu. Telenor Kystradio also performs GMDSS Radio inspections, and are approved by the Norwegian Maritime Authority as well as most mayor classification authorities. The Radioinspeksjonen is located in Oslo, Stavanger, Bergen, Ålesund, Sandnessjøen, Bodø, Lofoten and Troms.

Inmarsat
Inmarsat is a British satellite telecommunications company, offering global mobile services. It provides telephone and data services to users worldwide, via portable or mobile terminals which communicate with ground stations through fifteen geostationary telecommunications satellites.

Inmarsat's network provides communications services to a range of governments, aid agencies, media outlets and businesses (especially in the shipping, airline and mining industries) with a need to communicate in remote regions or where there is no reliable terrestrial network. The company was listed on the London Stock Exchange until it was acquired by Connect Bidco, a consortium consisting of Apax Partners, Warburg Pincus, the CPP Investment Board and the Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan, in December 2019.

On 8 November 2021, Inmarsat's owners and Viasat announced the purchase of Inmarsat by Viasat. The acquisition was completed in May 2023.
Vocalise (Corigliano)
Vocalise is a composition for soprano, electronics, and orchestra by the American composer John Corigliano.  The work was commissioned by the New York Philharmonic under the direction of Kurt Masur with financial contributions from the Francis Goelet Fund.  It was given its world premiere by the soprano Sylvia McNair and the New York Philharmonic under Masur at Avery Fisher Hall on November 11, 1999.  The piece is dedicated to McNair.

Kurt Masur
Kurt Masur (German pronunciation: [ˈkʊʁt maˈzuːɐ̯]; 18 July 1927 – 19 December 2015) was a German conductor. Called "one of the last old-style maestros", he directed many of the principal orchestras of his era. He had a long career as the Kapellmeister of the Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra, and also served as music director of the New York Philharmonic for about ten years. He made many recordings of classical music with major orchestras. Masur is also remembered for his actions to support peaceful demonstrations against the East German government in the 1989 demonstrations in Leipzig; those protests were part of the events leading up to the fall of the Berlin wall.
Sensualism
In epistemology, sensualism (also sensationalism or sensationism) is a doctrine whereby sensations and perception are the basic and most important form of true cognition. It may oppose abstract ideas.

This question was long ago put forward in Greek philosophy (Stoicism, Epicureanism) and further developed to the full by the British and French Sensualists (John Locke, David Hume, Étienne Bonnot de Condillac) and the British Associationists (Thomas Brown, David Hartley, Joseph Priestley). In the 19th century, it was very much taken up by the Positivists (Auguste Comte, Herbert Spencer, Hippolyte Taine, Émile Littré).

Associationism
Associationism is the idea that mental processes operate by the association of one mental state with its successor states. It holds that all mental processes are made up of discrete psychological elements and their combinations, which are believed to be made up of sensations or simple feelings. In philosophy, this idea is viewed as the outcome of empiricism and sensationism. The concept encompasses a psychological theory as well as comprehensive philosophical foundation and scientific methodology.
Dumplington
Dumplington is an area of Trafford, Greater Manchester, England.

Dumplington was one of several hamlets in the township of Barton-upon-Irwell, in the ancient ecclesiastical parish
of Eccles in the hundred of Salford. Its name derives from the Old English dympel and ing and tun which means an enclosure by a pool. The hamlet lies six miles south west of Manchester city centre.

Dumplington was recorded in the Middle Ages in 1225 in land leases between Sir Robert Grelley and Cecily, daughter of Iorwerth de Hulton and Siegrith de Dumplington. John son of Thomas de Booth was the landowner in 1401.

The Roman Catholic church of All Saints is a Grade II* listed building, designed in 1867-8 by Edward Welby Pugin.

Since the late 1990s, there has been significant redevelopment in this area including the Trafford Centre, Trafford Waters and the extension of the Metrolink line.

Trafford Park Line
The Trafford Park Line is a light rail line on the Manchester Metrolink network in Greater Manchester, England, running from Pomona to the Trafford Centre. Its name derives from Trafford Park, an area of the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford, and the first planned industrial estate in the world. The line opened in March 2020.
Kānekapōlei
Kānekapōlei was a Native Hawaiian aliʻi wahine (queen) and wife of Kalaniʻōpuʻu, aliʻi nui (king/supreme ruler) of the Island of Hawaii and aunt of Kamehameha I, who were all present at Captain James Cook's death. She called attention to the kidnapping of her husband by Cook and his men, attracting his royal attendants to the beach, answering her calls for help.

Aliʻi
The aliʻi were the traditional nobility of the Hawaiian islands. They were part of a hereditary line of rulers, the noho aliʻi. There were many classes of aliʻi (or chief) and the position could be held by a man or a woman.

Cognates of the word aliʻi have a similar meaning in other Polynesian languages; in Māori it is ariki and in Tahitian ari'i.
Louis Guy LeBlanc
Louis Guy LeBlanc (23 January 1921 – 10 November 1990) was a Liberal party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Saint-Gabriel, Quebec and became a consulting forestry engineer, land surveyor and life insurance agent by career.

He was first elected at the Rimouski riding in
the 1965 general election, then re-elected there in the 1968 election. After completing his term in the 28th Canadian Parliament, LeBlanc was defeated at Rimouski in the 1972 federal election.

Rimouski (federal electoral district)
Rimouski (French pronunciation: [ʁimuski] ⓘ; also known as Rimouski—Témiscouata, Rimouski—Mitis and Rimouski-Neigette-et-la Mitis) was a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1867 to 2003.

It was created by the British North America Act, 1867 as "Rimouski" riding.

After the 1980 federal election, it was renamed "Rimouski—Témiscouata". In 1996, it was renamed "Rimouski", and before the 1997 election, it was renamed "Rimouski—Mitis". Before the 2000 election, it was renamed "Rimouski-Neigette-et-la Mitis".

It was abolished in 2003 when it was redistributed into Rimouski—Témiscouata and Matapédia—Matane ridings.
Gull baronets
The Gull Baronetcy, of Brook Street in the parish of St George Hanover Square in the County of Middlesex, is a title in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 8 February 1872 for the physician William Gull. The baronetcy was conferred on him for his services to the Prince of Wales during his severe illness in the winter of 1871. The second Baronet represented Barnstaple in the House of Commons as a Liberal Unionist from 1895 to 1900.

Barnstaple (UK Parliament constituency)
Barnstaple was a constituency centred on the town of Barnstaple in Devon, in the South West of England. It returned two Members of Parliament to the House of Commons of England until 1707, House of Commons of Great Britain until 1800 and the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom until 1885, thereafter, one.

It was created in 1295 and abolished for the 1950 general election. Most of the area and the town falls into the North Devon seat.
Mark W. Bullard
Mark W. Bullard (September 24, 1822 – July 18, 1902), also known as M. W. Bullard, was an American pioneer who established homesteads in Oregon and Washington state. As a young man, he traveled from his family home in Vermont to California and then on to Oregon and Washington. He eventually settled in what is now Pacific County, Washington. He served in the Washington territorial militia during a regional Indian war in the mid-1850s. After the war, he moved to the Goose Lake Valley in south central Oregon. While there, he donated property to establish a new town that became Lakeview, Oregon, the county seat of Lake County. He later returned to his farm in Pacific County, Washington.

American pioneer
American pioneers were predominantly European American settlers who had marched on westward from the British Thirteen Colonies and later the United States of America, to settle and develop areas of the nation within the continent of North America.

The pioneer concept and ethos greatly predate the settlement of the Western United States, with which they are commonly associated, and many places now considered "East" were settled by pioneers from even further east. For example, Daniel Boone, a key figure in U.S. history, settled in Kentucky, when that "Dark and Bloody Ground" was still undeveloped.

One important development in the Western settlement were the Homestead Acts, which provided formal legislation for settlers which regulated the settlement process with little to no concern for the existing inhabitants of the land. Pioneers also settled on land that was once inhabited by American Indian tribes.
Cinnamon-bellied flowerpiercer
The cinnamon-bellied flowerpiercer (Diglossa baritula) is a species of bird in the family Thraupidae. It is found in El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Mexico.

Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and heavily degraded former forest. It is a species known to be a nectar robber, apparently taking nectar while not pollinating the plant.

Nectar
Nectar is a viscous, sugar-rich liquid produced by plants in glands called nectaries, either within the flowers with which it attracts pollinating animals, or by extrafloral nectaries, which provide a nutrient source to animal mutualists, which in turn provide herbivore protection. Common nectar-consuming pollinators include mosquitoes, hoverflies, wasps, bees, butterflies and moths, hummingbirds, honeyeaters and bats. 
Nectar is an economically important substance as it is the sugar source for honey.

Nectar is also useful in agriculture and horticulture because the adult stages of some predatory insects feed on nectar. For example, a number of predacious or parasitoid wasps (e.g., the social wasp species Apoica flavissima) rely on nectar as a primary food source. In turn, these wasps then hunt agricultural pest insects as food for their young.

Nectar is most often associated with flowering plants (angiosperms), but it is also produced by other groups, including ferns.
Jowasa Drodrolagi
Jowasa Drodrolagi (born 12 April 1995) is a Fijian professional rugby league footballer who plays as a loose forward and prop for AS Carcassonne in the Elite One Championship and Fiji at international level.

AS Carcassonne
Association Sportive of Carcassonne are a semi-professional rugby league football club based in Carcassonne in the region of Occitanie in the south of France. They play in the French Super XIII and are one of the most successful clubs in French rugby league, having won a total of twelve French rugby league championship titles and seventeen Lord Derby Cups.

The club was founded in 1938 and to date has produced debatably the best ever French Rugby league footballer in Puig Aubert. The club plays its home matches at the Stade Albert Domec.

The club runs both youth teams and a ladies' team.
FC Pirin Gotse Delchev
Football Club Pirin (Bulgarian: Футболен клуб Пирин) is a Bulgarian football club, based in Gotse Delchev. The club currently plays in the A RFG Blagoevgrad, the regional fourth tier of Bulgarian football league system.

The club's biggest success came in 2012, when Pirin managed to promote to the A Group for the first time. Their spell in the top flight lasted two seasons, culminating in relegation at the end of the 2013–14 season. Pirin play home games at the Gradski stadium, with a capacity of 5,000. They play in green and white stripped kits. The club emblem represents the Pirin mountain range in Southwestern Bulgaria.

2011–12 B Group
The 2011–12 B Group was the 56th season of the Bulgarian B Football Group, the second tier of the Bulgarian football league system. The season started on 13 August 2011 and finished in June 2012 with the A Group promotion play-off.

On 9 June the Executive Committee of Bulgarian Football Union decided to reduce further the number of teams in both West and East B PFG due licensing problems in most of the clubs. The new format consisted of ten teams in each group playing three times against all the others during the season. There were no draws for the matches between fixture 19 and fixture 27. The program was issued depending the position of each club after the completion of fixture 18.

Like in the previous season, the A Group promotion play-off was played in two stages. The first was the match between the runners-up from the West and East B PFG. The final stage was played between the 14th finished team from A Group and the winner from the first stage.
Macaulayite
Macaulayite is a red, earthy, monoclinic mineral, with the chemical formula (Fe3+,Al)24Si4O43(OH)2. It was discovered in the 1970s by Jeff Wilson and named after the Macaulay Institute in Aberdeen, Scotland. The only known source of macaulayite in the world is a quarry at the foot of Bennachie, Aberdeenshire, and it is formed by granite which has been weathered by tropical climates from before the last ice age. The substance is currently being studied by NASA, as it is speculated that this is the substance which gives the planet Mars its colour and it could prove that life on Mars can be sustained.

Hydroxide
Hydroxide is a diatomic anion with chemical formula OH−. It consists of an oxygen and hydrogen atom held together by a single covalent bond, and carries a negative electric charge. It is an important but usually minor constituent of water. It functions as a base, a ligand, a nucleophile, and a catalyst. The hydroxide ion forms salts, some of which dissociate in aqueous solution, liberating solvated hydroxide ions. Sodium hydroxide is a multi-million-ton per annum commodity chemical.
The corresponding electrically neutral compound HO• is the hydroxyl radical. The corresponding covalently bound group −OH of atoms is the hydroxy group.
Both the hydroxide ion and hydroxy group are nucleophiles and can act as catalysts in organic chemistry.

Many inorganic substances which bear the word hydroxide in their names are not ionic compounds of the hydroxide ion, but covalent compounds which contain hydroxy groups.
Biblical genre
A Biblical genre is a classification of Bible literature according to literary genre. The genre of a particular Bible passage is ordinarily identified by analysis of its general writing style, tone, form, structure, literary technique, content, design, and related linguistic factors; texts that exhibit a common set of literary features (very often in keeping with the writing styles of the times in which they were written) are together considered to be belonging to a genre. In Biblical studies, genres are usually associated with whole books of the Bible, because each of its books comprises a complete textual unit; however, a book may be internally composed of a variety of styles, forms, and so forth, and thus bear the characteristics of more than one genre (for example, chapter 1 of the Book of Revelation is prophetic/visionary; chapters 2 and 3 are similar to the epistle genre; etc.).

Literary genre
A literary genre is a category of literature. Genres may be determined by literary technique, tone, content, or length (especially for fiction). They generally move from more abstract, encompassing classes, which are then further sub-divided into more concrete distinctions. The distinctions between genres and categories are flexible and loosely defined, and even the rules designating genres change over time and are fairly unstable.

Genres can all be in the form of prose or poetry. Additionally, a genre such as satire, allegory or pastoral might appear in any of the above, not only as a subgenre (see below), but as a mixture of genres. They are defined by the general cultural movement of the historical period in which they were composed.
Khonkholoy
Khonkholoy (Russian: Хонхолой; Buryat: Хонхоло, Khonkholo) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative centre of Khonkholoyskoye Rural Settlement, Bichursky District, Republic of Buryatia, Russia. The population was 377 as of 2017.

Buryat language
Buryat or Buriat, known in foreign sources as the Bargu-Buryat dialect of Mongolian, and in pre-1956 Soviet sources as Buryat-Mongolian, is a variety of the Mongolic languages spoken by the Buryats and Bargas that is classified either as a language or major dialect group of Mongolian.
Aiden Aslin
Aiden Daniel John Mark Aslin (Ukrainian: Ейден Аслін; born 7 January 1994) is a British-Ukrainian soldier.

As a British citizen, he was captured by Russian forces in April 2022 while fighting as a Ukrainian Marine in Mariupol. He was sentenced to death on 9 June by authorities of the Russian-backed breakaway unrecognised puppet state, the Donetsk People's Republic (DPR), for "mercenary activities and committing actions aimed at seizing power and overthrowing the constitutional order of the DPR." He was released in a prisoner exchange in September 2022.

Before that, in 2015, Aslin travelled to Rojava, also known as the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria (AANES). There, he served as a foreign volunteer for the Kurdish People's Defense Units (YPG), fighting against the Islamic State. Aslin was briefly detained upon his return to the United Kingdom. In 2018, he travelled to Ukraine and settled in Mykolaiv.

Puppet state
A puppet state, puppet régime, puppet government or dummy government is a state that is de jure independent but de facto completely dependent upon an outside power and subject to its orders. Puppet states have nominal sovereignty, except that a foreign power effectively exercises control through economic or military support. By leaving a local government in existence the outside power evades all responsibility, while at the same time successfully paralysing the local government they tolerate.

Puppet states differ from allies, who choose their actions of their own initiative or in accordance with treaties they have voluntarily entered. Puppet states are forced into legally endorsing actions already taken by a foreign power.
Jared Buchanan
Jared Buchanan (born January 6, 1990) is a U.S. Marine Corps veteran, ultra-marathoner, and mental health advocate. After losing his father, Officer Paul Buchanan, to suicide in 2013, he turned to long-distance running to heal and raise awareness about mental health, especially among veterans and first responders.

WTIC-TV
WTIC-TV (channel 61) is a television station in Hartford, Connecticut, United States, serving the Hartford–New Haven market as an affiliate of the Fox network. It is owned by Tegna Inc. alongside Waterbury-licensed CW affiliate WCCT-TV (channel 20). The two stations share studios on Broad Street in downtown Hartford; WTIC-TV's transmitter is located on Rattlesnake Mountain in Farmington.

The station was established in 1984 as an independent station, securing the Fox affiliation at the network's launch in 1986. The affiliation gave the station ratings success and the backing to launch a local newscast. From 2000 to 2013, the station was co-owned with the Hartford Courant, which led to newsroom collaboration and a significant expansion of local news programming as well as legal cases and criticism of the cross-ownership of the newspaper and the TV station. Tegna acquired WTIC-TV in 2019 as the result of divestitures related to the merger of Tribune Media with Nexstar Media Group.