hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Velikoknyazevka
Velikoknyazevka (Russian: Великокнязевка) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Velikoknyazevsky Selsoviet of Belogorsky District, Amur Oblast, Russia. The population was 755 as of 2018. There are 8 streets.

Amur Oblast
Amur Oblast (/əˈmʊər ˈɒblæst/) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast), located on the banks of the Amur and Zeya rivers in the Russian Far East. The oblast borders Heilongjiang province of the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the south.

The administrative center of the oblast, the city of Blagoveshchensk, is one of the oldest settlements in the far east of the country, founded in 1856. It is a traditional center of trade and gold mining. The territory is accessed by two railways: the Trans-Siberian Railway and the Baikal–Amur Mainline. As of the 2021 Census, the oblast's population was 766,912.
6 (Hadag Nachash album)
6 (Hebrew: שש; Shesh) is the sixth album and fifth studio album of Israeli hip-hop band Hadag Nahash. The album was released in February 2010 on the Eighth Note (HaTav HaShmini/התו השמיני) label under the production of Yossi Fine.

This is the band's first album to incorporate English onto some of their tracks, with which they are trying to expand their appeal and represent the situation in Israel to a wider audience. There is also a short Arabic clip on one of the tracks.

The song "Lo Maspik" from this album was re-recorded in the Simlish language of The Sims and is featured in The Sims 3: Late Night.

The Sims 3 expansion packs
Eleven expansion packs were released for the 2009 life simulation video game The Sims 3, the third major title in The Sims series. Of the eleven expansion packs, seven were developed by Maxis Redwood Shores, while the other four were developed by EA Salt Lake. All expansion packs were published by Electronic Arts. Expansion packs tend to focus on major new features, with the addition of many new objects, worlds, and game features geared towards the pack's major theme. The first expansion pack, World Adventures, was released on November 18, 2009. The last expansion pack, Into the Future, was released on October 22, 2013.
William de Roumare, Earl of Lincoln
William de Romare (born c. 1096) (also Roumare or Romayre or Romay) was the Earl of Lincoln, 2nd Baron of Kendal, Lord of Bolingbroke.

He was the son of Roger FitzGerold (de Roumare), 1st Baron of Kendal, Lord of Bolingbroke and Lucy of Bolingbroke, widow of Ivo de Taillebois. He followed his father as Lord of Bolingbroke, Lincolnshire. He was half-brother to Ranulf of Chester, through their mother, Lucy.

In Normandy, he was Seigneur (Lord) of Roumare.

In 1120 William was supposed to have crossed the Channel with William the Aetheling in the White Ship but disembarked shortly before it sailed, avoiding drowning in the subsequent sinking of the ship.

He was created Earl of Lincoln by King Stephen after 1143. The Earl lived at both Bolingbroke and Lincoln Castle.

He was the ducal constable of the fortress of Neufmarche, stoutly resisting Hugh de Gournay, then in rebellion, in 1118 in Normandy.

William Adelin
William Ætheling (Middle English: [ˈwiliəm ˈaðəliŋɡ], Old English: [ˈæðeliŋɡ]; 5 August 1103 – 25 November 1120), commonly called Adelin (sometimes Adelinus, Adelingus, A(u)delin or other Latinised Norman-French variants of Ætheling) was the son of Henry I of England by his wife Matilda of Scotland, and was thus heir apparent to the English throne. His early death without issue caused a succession crisis, now known in English history as the Anarchy.
Path graph
In the mathematical field of graph theory, a path graph (or linear graph) is a graph whose vertices can be listed in the order v1, v2, ..., vn such that the edges are {vi, vi+1} where i = 1, 2, ..., n − 1.  Equivalently, a path with at least two vertices is connected and has two terminal vertices (vertices of degree 1), while all others (if any) have degree 2.

Paths are often important in their role as subgraphs of other graphs, in which case they are called paths in that graph.  A path is a particularly simple example of a tree, and in fact the paths are exactly the trees in which no vertex has degree 3 or more. A disjoint union of paths is called a linear forest.

Paths are fundamental concepts of graph theory, described in the introductory sections of most graph theory texts. See, for example, Bondy and Murty (1976), Gibbons (1985), or Diestel (2005).

Degree (graph theory)
In graph theory, the degree (or valency) of a vertex of a graph is the number of edges that are incident to the vertex; in a multigraph, a loop contributes 2 to a vertex's degree, for the two ends of the edge. The degree of a vertex  is denoted  or . The maximum degree of a graph  is denoted by , and is the maximum of 's vertices' degrees. The minimum degree of a graph is denoted by , and is the minimum of 's vertices' degrees. In the multigraph shown on the right, the maximum degree is 5 and the minimum degree is 0.

In a regular graph, every vertex has the same degree, and so we can speak of the degree of the graph. A complete graph (denoted , where  is the number of vertices in the graph) is a special kind of regular graph where all vertices have the maximum possible degree, .

In a signed graph, the number of positive edges connected to a vertex  is called its positive degree and the number of connected negative edges is called  negative degree.
Guy C. Omer
Guy Clifton Omer (June 12, 1891 – 1952) was an American football coach and college athletics administrator. He served as the head football coach at Bethany College in Lindsborg, Kansas from 1920 to 1921, compiling a record of 9–6–1. He was also the athletic director at Bethany from 1920 until his resignation in April 1922.

Lindsborg, Kansas
Lindsborg is a city in McPherson County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, its population was 3,776. Lindsborg is known for its large Swedish, other Nordic and Scandinavian heritages. It is home to the biennial Svensk Hyllningsfest.
Vishnupriya
Vishnupriya Devi (Bengali: বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া) a.k.a. Bishnupriya Debi Biṣṇupriẏā Dēbī, was the daughter of Sanatan Mishra, and the second wife of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu. According to Gaudiya Vaishnavism, she is believed to be  reincarnation of the goddess Satyabhama, the third queen consort of Krishna in Dvaraka.

Satyabhama
Satyabhama (IAST: Satyabhāmā) , also known as Satrajiti, is a Hindu goddess and the third queen consort of the Hindu god Krishna. Satyabhama is described as an incarnation of Bhumi, an aspect of Lakshmi. She is the goddess and the personification of the Earth.  According to some traditions, she is regarded to have aided Krishna in defeating the asura Narakasura.
Sahrij Madrasa
The Sahrij Madrasa (Arabic: مدرسة الصهريج, romanized: madrasat as-sahrij), also rendered as the Madrasa al-Sahrij or Sihrij Madrasa, is a madrasa in Fez, Morocco. It is located inside Fes el Bali, the old medina quarter of the city. The madrasa dates back to the 14th century during the golden age of Fez under Marinid rule. The madrasa is located near the Mosque of the Andalusians and is also connected to another, smaller, madrasa built at the same time, the Sba'iyyin Madrasa.

Medina quarter
A medina (from Arabic: مدينة, romanized: madīnah, lit. 'city') is a historical district in a number of North African cities, often corresponding to an old walled city. The term comes from the Arabic word simply meaning "city" or "town".
Center for Journalism in Extreme Situations
The Center for Journalism in Extreme Situations (Russian: Центр экстремальной журналистики) is a press advocacy group in Russia. Founded in 2000 as part of the Russian Union of Journalists, the center is the primary media watchdog in the country and produces a variety of publications, including the weekly bulletin of media news and commentary Dangerous Profession.

The Center's director, Oleg Panfilov, warned against a proposition in Russia to arm journalists following the January 2009 murder of Novaya Gazeta reporter Anastasia Baburova and human rights attorney Stanislav Markelov.

In early 2012, the work of the Center was stopped by the efforts of its board and founder, the Russian Union of Journalists.

Anastasia Baburova
Anastasia Baburova (Russian: Анастасия Эдуардовна Бабурова, romanized: Anastasia Eduardovna Baburova; Ukrainian: Анастасiя Едуардівна Бабурова, romanized: Anatasiia Eduardivna Baburova; 30 November 1983 – 19 January 2009) was a journalist for Novaya Gazeta and a student of journalism at Moscow State University. She was born in Sevastopol, Ukrainian SSR. A member of Autonomous Action, she investigated the activities of neo-Nazi groups. She was shot and killed together with human rights lawyer Stanislav Markelov.
2025 Women's T20 World Cup EAP Qualifier
The 2025 ICC Women's T20 World Cup East Asia-Pacific Qualifier was a cricket tournament that formed part of the qualification process for the 2026 Women's T20 World Cup. The tournament was hosted by Fiji in September 2025. Papua New Guinea won the tournament and advanced to the Global Qualifier.

Papua New Guinea women's national cricket team
The Papua New Guinea women's national cricket team, nicknamed the Lewas, represents Papua New Guinea in international women's cricket. The team is organised by Cricket PNG, an associate member of the International Cricket Council (ICC).

Papua New Guinea has been the leading women's associate team in the ICC East Asia-Pacific (EAP) since its international debut in 2006. It has represented EAP at the 50-Over World Cup Qualifier and T20 World Cup Qualifier on a number of occasions, making the semi-finals of the 2018 and 2019 T20 World Cup Qualifiers. It was awarded One Day International (ODI) status in 2022.
Cartesian anxiety
Cartesian anxiety is a philosophical concept for the conflict that a subject experiences of failing to have—in reality—either a fixed and stable foundation for knowledge of what is and is not real, or an inescapable and incomprehensible groundlessness of reality. Richard J. Bernstein coined and used the term in his 1983 book Beyond Objectivism and Relativism: Science, Hermeneutics, and Praxis, referring to the feelings expressed by René Descartes, its namesake, in his Meditations on First Philosophy.

Subject and object (philosophy)
In philosophy, a subject is a being that exercises agency, undergoes conscious experiences, and is situated in relation to other things that exist outside itself; thus, a subject is any individual, person, or observer. An object is any of the things observed or experienced by a subject, which may even include other beings (thus, from their own points of view: other subjects).

A simple common differentiation for subject and object is: an observer versus a thing that is observed. In certain cases involving personhood, subjects and objects can be considered interchangeable where each label is applied only from one or the other point of view. Subjects and objects are related to the philosophical distinction between subjectivity and objectivity: the existence of knowledge, ideas, or information either dependent upon a subject (subjectivity) or independent from any subject (objectivity).
Gertler
Gertler is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

André Gertler (1907–1998), Belgian classical violinist

Brie Gertler, American philosopher

Candida Gertler (born 1966/67), British/German art collector

Dan Gertler (born 1973), Israeli businessman

Greta Gertler, Australian pianist and singer

Mark Gertler (artist) (1891–1931), British painter

Mark Gertler (economist) (born 1951), American economist

Meric Gertler (born 1973), Canadian academic administrator

Nat Gertler (born 1965), American writer

Paul Gertler (born 1955), American economist

Stefan Gertler (born 1972), German singer

T. Gertler (born 1946), American writer

Viktor Gertler (1901–1969), Hungarian film editor and director

Zak Gertler (born 1955/56), British/German property developer

André Gertler
André Gertler (26 July 1907 – 23 July 1998) was a Hungarian classical violinist and teacher.
Professor at the Royal Conservatory of Brussels (1940–1977), Professor at the Cologne Academy of Music (1954–1957), Professor at the College of Music in Hannover (1964), founder and leader of the  Gertler Quartet.
Richard Nagy (swimmer)
Richard Nagy (Hungarian: Nagy Richárd; born 9 March 1993) is a Slovak swimmer from Želiezovce. He is a member of the Hungarian community in Slovakia.

He competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, and the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo.

Hungarians in Slovakia
Hungarians constitute the largest  minority in Slovakia. According to the 2021 Slovak census, 422,065 people (or 7.75% of the population) declared themselves Hungarian. An additional 34,089 people declared a combination of Hungarian and other nationalities. Altogether 456,154 people stated that Hungarian was their mother tongue.

Hungarians in Slovakia are predominantly concentrated in the southern part of the country, near the border with Hungary. They form the majority in two districts, Komárno and Dunajská Streda.
Dragon jar
A dragon jar, also known as cloud-dragon jar, is a type of ceremonial porcelain vessel that became popular among the ruling classes of Korea during the Joseon Dynasty (1392–1910). They are decorated with large dragons against a background of stylized clouds, painted with underglaze pigments.

In addition to being a generally auspicious symbol, the dragon represented the authority and beneficence of the ruler. In 1754, King Yeongjo decreed that iron pigments were to be used exclusively, except for jars having a dragon design.  Because of the scarcity of the traditional cobalt blue pigment, which was imported from Muslim Turkestan, and was also known as “Mohammedan blue”, an underglaze brown iron oxide pigment was also used between the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries.

Turkestan
Turkestan, also spelled Turkistan, is a historical name for the region of Asia lying between the Caspian Sea to the west, Siberia to the north, the Gobi Desert to the east, and Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Tibet to the south. Turkestan is primarily inhabited by Turkic peoples, as well as Russian and Tajik-Persian minorities. It is subdivided into West Turkestan, which historically belonged to the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union, and East Turkestan (identified either with the Tarim Basin/Southern Xinjiang or with Xinjiang as a whole), which forms part of China.

Throughout history, the region has been exposed to the invasion of several different groups and kingdoms, including the Huns, Hepthalites, Bactrians, Imperial China, Arab Caliphate,  Hellenistic Macedonian Empire, Achaemenid Empire,  as well as various Turkic states and the Mongol Empire. The Qara Khitai also briefly controlled a significant bulk of Turkestan.
Putiki
Putiki is a settlement in the Whanganui District and Manawatū-Whanganui region of New Zealand's North Island, located across the Whanganui River from Whanganui city. It includes the intersection of State Highway 3 and State Highway 4.

The settlement was established around Pūtiki Pā, a tribal meeting ground of Ngāti Tumango and Ngāti Tupoho. It features Te Paku o Te Rangi meeting house, also known as Aotea meeting house.

State Highway 3 (New Zealand)
State Highway 3 (SH 3) is one of New Zealand's eight national state highways. It serves the west coast of the country's North Island and forms a link between State Highway 1 and State Highway 2. Distances are measured from north to south.

For most of its length SH 3 is a two-lane single carriageway, with at-grade intersections and property accesses, both in rural and urban areas.
Marguerite Reading
Marguerite Reading (French - Marguerite lisant or The Reader (La Liseuse) is a 1906 oil on canvas painting by Henri Matisse of his daughter Marguerite, then aged 12. It was exhibited at the 1906 autumn salon, bought by Marcel Sembat (who saw in it "the light of Velasquez"). It is now in the Museum of Grenoble after being left to it as part of Sembat and his wife Georgette Agutte's collections in 1923.

Velazquez
Velázquez, also Velazquez, Velásquez or Velasquez (/vəˈlæskɛz/, /-ˈlæz-/), is a surname from Spain. It is a patronymic name, meaning "son of Velasco".

References to "Velazquez" without a first name are often to the Spanish painter, Diego Velázquez.

Notable people with this surname include:
Patal Bhuvaneshwar
Patal Bhuvaneshwar (Hindi : पाताल भुवनेश्वर) is a limestone Hindu cave temple 14 km from Gangolihat in the Pithoragarh district of Uttarakhand state in India. It is located in the village of Bhubneshwar. Legend and folklore have it that this cave enshrines Lord Shiva and thirty three koti demigods [33 Types, In hindu neumerology "Koti" means "Types"]. The cave is 160 m long and 90 feet deep from the point of entrance. Limestone rock formations have created various spectacular stalactite and stalagmite figures of various hues and forms. This cave has a narrow tunnel-like opening which leads to a number of caves. The cave is fully electrically illuminated.
Built by the flow of water, Patal Bhuvaneshwar is not just one cave, rather a series of caves within caves.

Kali Yuga
Kali Yuga (Devanagari: कलियुग), in Hinduism, is the fourth, shortest, and worst of the four yugas (world ages) in a Yuga cycle, preceded by Dvapara Yuga and followed by the next cycle's Krita (Satya) Yuga. It is believed to be the present age, which is full of conflict and sin.

According to Puranic sources, Krishna's death marked the end of Dvapara Yuga and the start of Kali Yuga, which is dated to 17/18 February 3102 BCE. Lasting for 432,000 years (1,200 divine years), Kali Yuga began 5,127 years ago and has 426,873 years left as of 2026 CE. Kali Yuga will end in the year 428,899 CE.

Near the end of Kali Yuga, when virtues are at their worst, a cataclysm and a re-establishment of dharma occur to usher in the next cycle's Krita (Satya) Yuga, prophesied to occur by Kalki.
Flag of Vancouver
The flag of Vancouver is a white field with five wavy blue bars and a green pentagon on the hoist side surmounted by a gold shield with the city badge, which consists of a mural crown with a crossed axe and paddle. It was adopted by Vancouver City Council on May 17, 1983, and designed by Robert Watt, the director of the Museum of Vancouver at the time, and later the Chief Herald of Canada.

Mural crown
A mural crown (Latin: corona muralis) is a crown or headpiece representing city walls, towers, or fortresses. In classical antiquity, it was an emblem of tutelary deities who watched over a city, and among the Romans a military decoration. Later the mural crown developed into a symbol of European heraldry, mostly for cities and towns, and in the 19th and 20th centuries was used in some republican heraldry.
1927 Tour de France, Stage 13 to Stage 24
The 1927 Tour de France was the 21st edition of the Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Tour began in Paris with a team time trial on 19 June, and Stage 13 occurred on 4 July with a flat stage from Perpignan. The race finished in Paris on 17 July.

Briançon
Briançon (French: [bʁijɑ̃sɔ̃] ⓘ, Occitan: [bɾjanˈsun]) is the sole subprefecture of the Hautes-Alpes department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in Southeastern France. It is the highest city in France at an altitude of 1,326 metres (4,350 feet), based on the national definition as a community containing more than 2,000 inhabitants. It has about 11,000 inhabitants.

Briançon has been part of the Fortifications of Vauban UNESCO World Heritage Sites since they were established in 2008.
ZR-7: The Red House Seven
ZR-7: The Red House Seven is a Nigerian drama film written, directed and produced by the duo of Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo & Udoka Oyeka; starring Norbert Young, Ayinla O. Abdulakeem, Yakubu Abashiya, Adeyemi Okanlawon, Rilwan Mohammed, Ife Komolafe and Udoka Oyeka. The film was nominated for an African Academy award at the 2012 Africa Movie Academy Awards.

Africa Movie Academy Awards
The Africa Movie Academy Awards (AMMA) is an annual entertainment award ceremony, presented to recognize excellence among African and non-African professionals, who have contributed to the African film industry. The award was founded by Peace Anyiam-Osigwe currently run by the Africa Film Academy. It is regarded as one of Africa's most notable film events, and have been sometimes referenced as the "African Oscars".
Mark 21 torpedo
The designation Mark 21 torpedo was applied by the United States Navy to two designs of acoustic homing aerial torpedo, both developed from the widely-used Mark 13 torpedo, but controlled by two different developers and taking two different approaches:

The Mark 21 Mod 0 torpedo was a torpedo developed in 1943 by Westinghouse, using electric propulsion

The Mark 21 Mod 2 torpedo was a torpedo developed in the late 1940s by Bell for use in the AUM-N-2 Petrel missile, using steam propulsion

Acoustic homing
Acoustic homing is the process in which a system uses the sound or acoustic signals of a target or destination to guide a moving object. There are two types of acoustic homing: passive acoustic homing and active acoustic homing. Objects using passive acoustic homing rely on detecting acoustic emissions produced by the target. Conversely, objects using active acoustic homing make use of sonar to emit a signal and detect its reflection off the target. The signal detected is then processed by the system to determine the proper response for the object. Acoustic homing is useful for applications where other forms of navigation and tracking can be ineffective. It is commonly used in environments where radio or GPS signals can not be detected, such as underwater.
Dorit Rubinstein Reiss
Dorit Rubinstein Reiss is a Professor of Law and the James Edgar Hervey '50 Chair of Litigation at UC Hastings College of Law. She has also worked for the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and the Israeli Ministry of Justice's Department of Public Law.

A law professor specializing in torts and administrative law, since 2013 Reiss has become known for her work on legal issues regarding vaccination policies. Reiss has proposed that parents who don't vaccinate their children, including those who obtain legal exemptions, should face legal liability. She is also noted for her support of California Senate Bill 277, which cut back on exemptions to vaccination requirements for enrollment in California schools and daycare centers. She has expressed her views in various journals, panels and blogs.

She is a frequent contributor to academic journals, blogs and newspapers. Her work focuses on accountability, health care, social policies and law.

University of California College of the Law, San Francisco
The University of California College of the Law, San Francisco (UC Law SF or UC Law) is a public law school in San Francisco. Formerly known as the University of California, Hastings College of the Law (UC Hastings), the school was founded in 1878 by Serranus Clinton Hastings, the first chief justice of the Supreme Court of California. It was the first law school of the University of California and one of the first law schools established in California. Although part of the University of California, UC Law SF is not directly governed by the Regents of the University of California.