hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Moulage
Moulage (French for 'casting' / 'moulding') is the art of applying mock injuries for the purpose of training emergency response teams and other medical and military personnel.  Moulage may be as simple as applying pre-made rubber or latex "wounds" to a healthy "patient's" limbs, chest, head, etc., or as complex as using makeup and theatre techniques to provide elements of realism (such as blood, vomitus, open fractures, etc.) to the training simulation.  The practice dates to at least the Renaissance, when wax figures were used for this purpose.

In Germany some universities and hospitals use their historical moulage collections for the training of students. The often very lifelike models are especially useful to show the students today the characteristics of rare diseases, such as skin tuberculosis or leprosy.

Fracture
Fracture is the appearance of a crack or complete separation of an object or material into two or more pieces under the action of stress. The fracture of a solid usually occurs due to the development of certain displacement discontinuity surfaces within the solid. If a displacement develops perpendicular to the surface, it is called a normal tensile crack or simply a crack; if a displacement develops tangentially, it is called a shear crack, slip band, or dislocation.

Brittle fractures occur without any apparent deformation before fracture. Ductile fractures occur after visible deformation. Fracture strength, or breaking strength, is the stress when a specimen fails or fractures. The detailed understanding of how a fracture occurs and develops in materials is the object of fracture mechanics.
Nathan B. Durfee
Nathaniel Briggs Durfee (September 29, 1812 – November 9, 1872) was a U.S. representative from Rhode Island.

Born in Tiverton, Rhode Island, Durfee completed preparatory studies.
He engaged in agricultural pursuits and conducted a fruit orchard.
He served as member of the Rhode Island House of Representatives for eleven years.

Durfee was elected as a candidate of the American Party to the Thirty-fourth Congress and as a Republican to the Thirty-fifth Congress (March 4, 1855 – March 3, 1859).
He resumed his former pursuits.
He was serving as county clerk at the time of his death in Tiverton, Rhode Island, on November 9, 1872.
He was interred in the family burial ground near Tiverton, Rhode Island.

Rhode Island House of Representatives
41°49′52″N 71°25′02″W﻿ / ﻿41.8310574°N 71.4171443°W﻿ / 41.8310574; -71.4171443

The Rhode Island House of Representatives is the lower house of the Rhode Island General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Rhode Island, the upper house being the Rhode Island Senate. It is composed of 75 members, elected to two-year terms from 75 districts of equal population. The Rhode Island General Assembly does not have term limits. The House meets at the Rhode Island State Capitol in Providence.
Down on My Knees
"Down on My Knees" is a song written by Beth Nielsen Chapman and recorded by American country music artist Trisha Yearwood. It was released in June 1993 as the fourth single from the album Hearts in Armor.  The song reached number 19 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.

Beth Nielsen Chapman
Beth Nielsen Chapman (born September 14, 1958) is an American singer and songwriter who has written hits for country and pop music performers. She was inducted into the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2016. She is a two-time Grammy Award and an ACM Award nominee and won the Country Music Association Award for Song of the Year in 1999 for writing Faith Hill's "This Kiss".
Virtual home staging
Virtual home staging is a type of home staging in which an interior design is created in a graphic editor. Virtual staging is especially popular among real estate brokers, photographers, and interior designers. The main goal of this kind of visualization is creating highly realistic images of properties (usually for sale). The major advantages of virtual staging over traditional home staging are time and cost; virtual staging is more than 90% cheaper than physical home staging.

Virtual staging is sometimes done to market a vacant home, as it can offer many of the benefits of traditional staging at a significantly lower cost. About five to ten percent of online real estate listings use virtual staging.

Algorithms of data analysis that scan millions of images on the Internet and evaluate them according to views and likes on social networks help to create interior and decor models for the virtual staging process.

Real estate agent
Real estate agents and real estate brokers are people who represent sellers or buyers of real estate or real property. While a broker may work independently, an agent usually works under a licensed broker to represent clients. Brokers and agents are licensed by the state to negotiate sales agreements and manage the documentation required for closing real estate transactions.
St Minver and St Endellion (electoral division)
St Minver and St Endellion (Cornish: Sen Menvra hag Endelyen) was an electoral division of Cornwall in the United Kingdom which returned one member to sit on Cornwall Council between 2013 and 2021. It was abolished at the 2021 local elections, being succeeded by Wadebridge East and St Minver and Wadebridge West and St Mabyn.

Rock, Cornwall
Rock (Cornish: Pennmeyn)
is a coastal fishing village in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is opposite Padstow on the north-east bank of the River Camel estuary. The village is in the civil parish of St Minver Lowlands 
about 4 miles (6.4 km) north-west of Wadebridge.
Battle of Prairie Dog Creek
The Battle of Prairie Dog Creek, also known as the Skirmish at Tongue River Heights, or the Battle of the Tongue River (1876), part of the Great Sioux War of 1876, occurred on June 9, 1876, at the confluence of Prairie Dog Creek and the Tongue River primarily in Wyoming Territory.

Wyoming Territory
The Territory of Wyoming was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from July 25, 1868, until July 10, 1890, when it was admitted to the Union as the State of Wyoming. Cheyenne was the territorial capital. The boundaries of the Wyoming Territory were identical to those of the modern State of Wyoming.
Robel García
Robel Estiwal García Rodriguez (born March 28, 1993) is an Italian-Dominican former professional baseball infielder. He has previously played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Chicago Cubs and Houston Astros, and in the KBO League for the LG Twins.

Iowa Cubs
The Iowa Cubs are a Minor League Baseball team of the International League and the Triple-A affiliate of the Chicago Cubs. They are located in Des Moines, Iowa, and are named for their Major League Baseball (MLB) affiliate. The Cubs have played their home games at Principal Park since 1992, replacing Sec Taylor Stadium which the Cubs used from 1969 to 1991.

The club was established as the Iowa Oaks of the Triple-A American Association in 1969. Iowa took on the Cubs moniker in 1982. They joined the Triple-A Pacific Coast League in 1998 following the dissolution of the American Association after the 1997 season. In conjunction with MLB's reorganization of Minor League Baseball in 2021, the Cubs were shifted to the Triple-A East, which was renamed the International League in 2022.

The only league title in franchise history is the 1993 American Association championship.
Neville Smith-Carington
Neville Woodford Smith-Carington (1878 – 7 October 1933) was a British Member of Parliament.

Born at Ashby Folville Manor near Melton Mowbray, Smith-Carington was educated at Harrow College and Exeter College, Oxford.  He became a barrister at the Inner Temple.

Smith-Carington stood for the Conservative Party in Loughborough at the January 1910 United Kingdom general election, but was not elected.  He then stood in the 1923 Rutland and Stamford by-election, winning the seat, which he held until his death in 1933.

In his spare time, Smith-Carington had an interest in shire horses, and was president of the Shire Horse Society in 1931.

January 1910 United Kingdom general election
The January 1910 United Kingdom general election was held from 15 January to 10 February 1910 to elect all 670 members of the House of Commons. Called amid a constitutional crisis after the Conservative-dominated House of Lords rejected the People's Budget, the Liberal government, seeking a mandate, lost their majority.

The result was a hung parliament: Arthur Balfour’s Conservatives and their Liberal Unionist allies won the most votes, but Asquith’s Liberals secured the most seats, edging out the Conservatives by two. With Irish Parliamentary Party support, Asquith remained in power. Another election followed in December.

The Labour Party, led by Arthur Henderson, returned 40 MPs. Much of this apparent increase (from the 29 Labour MPs elected in 1906) came from the defection, a few years earlier, of Lib Lab MPs from the Liberal Party to Labour.
European-American Business Organization
European-American Business Organization (EABO) was an American consulting firm specializing in transatlantic business development and international tax services that was based in New York.

It offered a variety of services such as early stage venture funding, market expansion strategy, international trade show planning, public relations strategies, and legal assistance. Its website was closed in mid 2024 and the consultancy no longer appears to be operating.

Venture round
A venture round is a type of funding round used for venture capital financing, by which startup companies obtain investment, generally from venture capitalists and other institutional investors. The availability of venture funding is among the primary stimuli for the development of new companies and technologies.
Kaafiron Ki Namaaz
Kaafiron Ki Namaaz (transl. Prayer of non-believers) is  a 2016 Hindi-language drama film written and directed by Ram Ramesh Sharma. The film won four awards including the Best Feature Film at the third Ladakh International Film Festival.

Unable to get censor clearance for a theatrical release, the film was released on YouTube on 7 April 2016.

Central Board of Film Certification
The Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC) is a statutory film-certification body in the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting of the Government of India. It is tasked with "regulating the public exhibition of films under the provisions of the Cinematograph Act 1952." The Cinematograph Act 1952 outlines a strict certification process for commercial films shown in public venues. Films screened in cinemas and on television may only be publicly exhibited in India after certification by the board and edited.
Diospyros dictyoneura
Diospyros dictyoneura is a tree in the family Ebenaceae. It grows up to 30 metres (100 ft) tall. The fruits are ellipsoid, up to 4.5 cm (2 in) long. The specific epithet dictyoneura is from the Greek meaning 'net of nerves', referring to the leaf veins. Habitat is lowland mixed dipterocarp forests. D. dictyoneura is found from Indochina to west Malesia. In order to grow, the diospyros dictyoneura requires access to the sun. Its leaves are deciduous, and it attracts bees and birds.

Ebenaceae
The Ebenaceae are a family of flowering plants belonging to order Ericales. The family includes ebony and persimmon among about 768 species of trees and shrubs. It is distributed across the tropical and warmer temperate regions of the world. It is most diverse in the rainforests of Malesia, India, Thailand, tropical Africa and tropical America.

Many species are valued for their wood, particularly ebony, for fruit, and as ornamental plants.
Gut (surname)
Gut, Guts or Gūts is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alina Gut (born 1938), Polish parliamentarian

Andrzej Gut-Mostowy (born 1960), Polish politician

Gatis Gūts (born 1976), Latvian bobsledder

Irene Gut Opdyke (née Irena Gut, 1922–2003), Polish nurse who gained recognition for aiding Jews persecuted by the Nazis during World War II

Karel Gut (1927–2014), Czech ice hockey player

Lara Gut (born 1991), Swiss alpine ski racer

Max Gut (1898–1988), Swiss mathematician

Zbigniew Gut (1949–2010), Polish footballer

Alina Gut
Alina Gut, née Suska (born 10 February 1938) is a Polish politician. She was elected to Sejm on 25 September 2005, getting 8455 votes in 6 Lublin district as a candidate from the Samoobrona Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej list.
2019 Indonesia President's Cup final
The 2019 Indonesia President's Cup final was the two-legged final that decided the winner of the 2019 Indonesia President's Cup, the fourth season of Indonesia's pre-season premier club football tournament organised by PSSI.

Unlike all the previous editions, it was a two-legged match home-and-away format.

The finals was contested between local rivals Persebaya and Arema. The first leg was hosted by Persebaya at Gelora Bung Tomo in Surabaya on 9 April, while the second leg was hosted by Arema at Kanjuruhan in Malang three days later.

Arema won the finals 4–2 on aggregate for their second Indonesia President's Cup title.

Football Association of Indonesia
The Football Association of Indonesia (Indonesian: Persatuan Sepakbola Seluruh Indonesia, lit. 'All-Indonesian Football Association'; abbreviated as PSSI) is the governing body of football in Indonesia. It was founded on 19 April 1930. The PSSI joined FIFA in 1952 and the Asian Football Confederation in 1954.
Abu Abdallah al-Husayn ibn Nasir al-Dawla
Abu Abdallah al-Husayn ibn Nasir al-Dawla was a Hamdanid prince, who along with his brother Ibrahim was the last Hamdanid ruler of Mosul in 989–990. After his defeat at the hand of the Marwanid Kurds and the takeover of Mosul by the Uqaylids, he entered the service of the Fatimid Caliphate.

Marwanid dynasty (Diyar Bakr)
The Marwanid dynasty, also known as the Dustakids, (983/990-1085, Kurdish: میرنشینی مەڕوانی/ میرنشینی دۆستەکی) were a Kurdish Sunni Muslim dynasty in the Diyar Bakr region of Upper Mesopotamia (present day northern Iraq and southeastern Turkey), centered on the city of Mayyafariqin.
Bolt's Farm
Bolt's Farm is a palaeontological site in the Cradle of Humankind World Heritage Site, Gauteng province, South Africa. With more than 30 fossil deposits dating back 4.5 Ma, it is one of the oldest sites currently discovered in the Cradle of Humankind. It consists of multiple cavities, pits, and quarries, where caves have eroded away, exposing their fossiliferous interiors. Although this site has not yet yielded the hominid fossils for which the Cradle of Humankind is known, Bolt's Farm is still an important source of fossils from various species of Early Pliocene and Plio-Pleistocene fauna, including primates and big cats.

Breccia
Breccia (/ˈbrɛ(t)ʃiə/ BRETCH-ee-ə, BRESH-; Italian: [ˈbrettʃa]; Italian for 'breach') is a clastic rock composed of large angular broken fragments of minerals or rocks cemented together by a fine-grained matrix.

The word has its origins in the Italian language, in which it means 'rubble'. A breccia may have a variety of different origins, as indicated by the named types including sedimentary breccia, fault or tectonic breccia, igneous breccia, impact breccia, and hydrothermal breccia.

A megabreccia is a breccia composed of very large rock fragments, sometimes kilometers across, which can be formed by landslides, impact events, or caldera collapse.
Jubilee (Versailles album)
Jubilee (full title Jubilee -Method of Inheritance-) is the major label debut album by Versailles, but is actually their second full-length release. Released on January 20, 2010, it is their last to feature all five original members; due to Jasmine You's death while recording it, bass parts are provided by both Jasmine You and Hizaki. Synthpop singer Kaya also appears in this album by providing backing vocals as a guest on the tracks "Ai to Kanashimi no Nocturne" and "Catharsis".

The limited edition comes in a special package with a 32-page booklet and liner notes written by Tsuchiya Kyousuke and Arasawa Junko (Shoxx). Also included in the limited edition is a bonus DVD featuring the music videos for "Ascendead Master" and "Serenade", and behind the scenes footage playing behind the credits.

Hizaki
Hizaki (stylized as HIZAKI, born February 17, 1979) is a Japanese visual kei metal musician. He is best known as the guitarist of the symphonic power metal band Versailles. He is also a member of Jupiter and has a solo career. Before forming Versailles, he was in several independent bands.
American Idol Season 11 Highlights (Jessica Sanchez EP)
American Idol Season 11 Highlights is a compilation extended play by Jessica Sanchez based on some of her American Idol performances. The EP was released exclusively through Walmart and consists of a few studio recordings made by Sanchez during season 11 of American Idol.  It includes a duet with Joshua Ledet, her potential coronation song, "Change Nothing" and performances that were well received by the judges on the show. Similar EPs were also released through Walmart by fellow contestants from the Top 5, Phillip Phillips, Joshua Ledet, Hollie Cavanagh and Skylar Laine. As of August 2012, it has sold 15,000 copies.

Change Nothing (song)
"Change Nothing" is the debut single of American recording artist and American Idol season 11 runner-up, Jessica Sanchez. The song was written by Jaden Michaels, Joleen Belle and Harry Sommerdahl. Sanchez first performed the song, her potential coronation song had she won the title, on May 22, 2012 American Idol final performance show. After the final performance show, her recording of "Change Nothing" was released as a single on May 23, 2012.
Krzysztof Pomian
Krzysztof Pomian (born 1934), is a Polish philosopher, historian and essayist, born in Warsaw. He is a professor of history at the Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika (Nicolaus Copernicus University) in Toruń and, in 2001, was academic director of the (now closed) Museum of Europe in Brussels.

Pomian's specialization lies in the socio-cultural history of France, Italy, and Poland. He teaches as the dean of studies at the École des hautes études en sciences sociales and is an editor of the magazine Le Débat. Since 1968, he has also been a visiting professor at the University of Louvain (UCLouvain) in Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, where he lectures on the history of European societies.

Louvain-la-Neuve
Louvain-la-Neuve (French: [luvɛ̃ la nœv] ⓘ; French for "New Leuven"; Walloon: Li Noû Lovén) is a planned town in the municipality of Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Wallonia, Belgium, situated 30 km southeast of Brussels, in the province of Walloon Brabant. The town was built to house the Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain) which owns the entire territory of the town; following the linguistic quarrels that took place in Belgium during the 1960s, and Flemish claims of discrimination at the Catholic University of Leuven, the institution was split into the Dutch-language Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), which remained in Leuven, and the Université catholique de Louvain.

To a great extent, it still lives following the rhythms of the university that is its raison d'être. However, with the construction of L'Esplanade shopping complex, the Aula Magna exhibition centre and auditorium, a large cinema complex, and five museums, it is beginning to grow beyond its academic roots.
Narast
Narast (Persian: نارست, also Romanized as Nārast) is a village in Melkari Rural District, Vazineh District, Sardasht County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 115, in 20 families.

Melkari-ye Gharbi Rural District
Melkari-ye Gharbi Rural District (Persian: دهستان ملکاری غربی) is in Zab District of Mirabad County, West Azerbaijan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Aghlan. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Nalas, now a city.
Chemistry on stamps
The depiction of chemistry on stamps began in 1923 with the issue of a set of definitive French stamps commemorating the chemist and microbiologist Louis Pasteur. Another early chemical stamp depicted the botanist and chemist Herman Boerhaave. The depiction of chemistry on stamps contributes to chemical education and to the public understanding of science.

Dmitri Mendeleev
Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev (/ˌmɛndəlˈeɪəf/ MEN-dəl-AY-əf; 8 February [O.S. 27 January] 1834 – 2 February [O.S. 20 January] 1907) was a Russian chemist known for formulating the periodic law and creating a version of the periodic table of elements. He used the periodic law not only to correct the then-accepted properties of some known elements, such as the valence and atomic weight of uranium, but also to predict the properties of three elements that were yet to be discovered (germanium, gallium, and scandium). The synthetic element Mendelevium is named in his honor.
Morning in the Burned House
Morning in the Burned House is a book of poetry by Canadian author Margaret Atwood published by McClelland and Stewart in 1995.

The book expresses themes, interests, and styles characteristic of Atwood’s poetry. These include attention to the landscape of the Canadian Shield, an air of foreboding, and poems addressed to an unspecified "you."

However, the collection also explores two distinct concerns. The first is torture, in particular the torture of women, which Atwood confronts through the retelling of myths such as those of Cressida, Helen of Troy, and Sekhmet, the Egyptian lion-headed goddess of war. Second, Atwood focuses a sequence of poems on aging and mortality by depicting and responding to her father's slow death from cancer.

Canadian Shield
The Canadian Shield (French: Bouclier canadien [buklje kanadjɛ̃]), also called the Laurentian Shield or the  Laurentian Plateau, is a geologic shield, a large area of exposed Precambrian igneous and high-grade metamorphic rocks. It forms the North American Craton (or Laurentia), the ancient geologic core of the North American continent. Glaciation has left the area with only a thin layer of soil, through which exposures of igneous bedrock resulting from its long volcanic history are frequently visible. As a deep, common, joined bedrock region in eastern and central Canada, the shield stretches north from the Great Lakes to the Arctic Ocean, covering over half of Canada and most of Greenland; it also extends south into the northern reaches of the continental United States.
Kawasaki Army Type 88 Reconnaissance Aircraft
The Kawasaki Army Type 88 Reconnaissance Aircraft was a Japanese single-engined biplane designed for Kawasaki by Richard Vogt. Originally known by its company designation KDA-2, it was accepted by the Imperial Japanese Army as the Type 88 Reconnaissance Aircraft. The Type 88 number was designated for the year the aircraft was accepted, which was the year 2588 in the Japanese imperial year calendar, or 1928 in the Gregorian calendar. The basic design was modified into the Type 88 Light Bomber that was used in combat over China in the Second Sino-Japanese War. The Type 88 was built in large numbers and remained in service until 1940.

BMW VI
The BMW VI was a water-cooled V-12 aircraft engine built in Germany in the 1920s. It was one of the most important German aero engines in the years leading up to World War II, with thousands built. It was further developed as the BMW VII and BMW IX, although these saw considerably less use. It was also produced in the Soviet Union as the M-17 and Japan as the Kawasaki Ha-9.