hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pennsylvania High Court of Errors and Appeals
The Pennsylvania High Court of Errors and Appeals was a public tribunal existing from 1780 to 1808; it was the court of last resort in the Commonwealth.  The Pennsylvania General Assembly created it during the American Revolution to take the place of the British Appeals Committee of the Privy Council.  The High Court heard cases from the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania and other lower state courts.  Eventually the General Assembly voted to abolish the High Court, effective in 1808, and transfer its powers to the state supreme court.

Pennsylvania General Assembly
The Pennsylvania General Assembly is the state legislature of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. It is a bicameral body consisting of an upper house, the Pennsylvania State Senate, with 50 members, and a lower house, the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, with 203 members. The legislature convenes in the State Capitol building in Harrisburg.

During colonial times (1682–1776), the legislature was known as the Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly and was unicameral. Since the Constitution of 1776, the legislature has been known as the General Assembly. The General Assembly became a bicameral legislature in 1791.
Cricket warbler
The cricket warbler (Spiloptila clamans), also known as cricket longtail, scaly longtail or cricket prinia, is a species of bird in the family Cisticolidae. It belongs to the genus Spiloptila; it is often the only species included in the genus but sometimes the red-fronted prinia is placed there as well.

Red-fronted prinia
The red-fronted prinia (Prinia rufifrons), also known as the red-fronted warbler and the red-faced apalis, is a species of bird in the family Cisticolidae.
It is found in Chad, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda.
Its natural habitat is dry savanna.
Protopapas (surname)
Protopapas (Πρωτόπαπας) is a Greek surname, derived from the ecclesiastical office of protopapas. The female form is Protopapa (Πρωτόπαπα). People with the name include:

Kostis Protopapas, Greek-American conductor

George Protopapas (born 2003), CEO of Cavecrack

Maria Protopapa (born 1971), Greek runner

Vangelis Protopapas (1917–1995), Greek actor

Vangelis Protopapas
Vangelis Protopappas (Greek: Βαγγέλης Πρωτοπαππάς; 1917 – 21 May 1995) was a Greek actor from Messolongi. He is most known for his roles in A Hero in His Slippers, Santa Chikita and The Counterfeit Coin. He later took roles in a number of TV shows including Astynomos Thanassis Papathanassis with Thanassis Vengos and Zoza Metaxa.
RMON
The Remote Network Monitoring (RMON) MIB was developed by the IETF to support monitoring and protocol analysis of local area networks (LANs). The original version (sometimes referred to as RMON1) focused on OSI layer 1 and layer 2 information in Ethernet and Token Ring networks. It has been extended by RMON2 which adds support for Network- and Application-layer monitoring and by SMON which adds support for switched networks. It is an industry-standard specification that provides much of the functionality offered by proprietary network analyzers. RMON agents are built into many high-end switches and routers.

Local area network
A local area network (LAN) is a computer network that interconnects computers within a limited area such as a residence, campus, or building, and has its network equipment and interconnects locally managed. LANs facilitate the distribution of data and sharing network devices, such as printers.

The LAN contrasts the wide area network (WAN), which not only covers a larger geographic distance, but also generally involves leased telecommunication circuits or Internet links. An even greater contrast is the Internet, which is a system of globally connected business and personal computers.

Ethernet and Wi-Fi are the two most common technologies used for local area networks; historical network technologies include ARCNET, Token Ring, and LocalTalk.
Valentine Bambrick
Valentine Bambrick VC (13 April 1837 – 1 April 1864) was a recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

Bambrick was a son of the Army - his father, at least one uncle (after whom he was named), and his older brother John all served with the 11th Hussars (Prince Albert's Own).

Aldershot
Aldershot (/ˈɔːldərʃɒt/ AWL-dər-shot) is a town in the Rushmoor district of Hampshire, England. It lies on heathland in the extreme north-east corner of the county, 31 mi (50 km) south-west of London. The town has a population of 40,160, while the Aldershot Urban Area – a loose conurbation, which also includes other towns such as Camberley and Farnborough – has a population of 243,344; it is the thirtieth-largest urban area in the UK.

Aldershot is known as the Home of the British Army, a connection which led to its rapid growth from a small village to a Victorian town.
Arc Dome Wilderness
The Arc Dome Wilderness is a protected wilderness area in the Toiyabe Range of Nye County, in the central section of the state of Nevada in the western United States.  It covers an area of approximately 115,000 acres (47,000 ha), Nevada's largest Wilderness area. Attractions include the 70-mile (110 km)-long Toiyabe Crest Trail offers travelers atop the ridge of the Toiyabe Range, including 30 miles (48 km) within the Arc Dome Wilderness.

Wildlife in the Wilderness includes Columbia spotted frog, mule deer, sharp-shinned hawk, golden eagle, Clark's nutcracker, sagebrush sparrow, sagebrush vole, black-throated gray warbler, yellow warbler, northern goshawk, big brown bat, and Great Basin skink.

The Arc Dome Wilderness is administered by the Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest.

Columbia spotted frog
The Columbia spotted frog (Rana luteiventris) is a North American species of frog. It is green to brown in color with spots on the dorsal surface. The belly and upper lip are white in color. Individuals can be distinguished from other Rana species by their shorter back legs, narrow snout, and upturned eyes. Since they spend most of their time in the water, they also have more webbing in their hind feet than similar species. Although not threatened, this animal has been studied as a model species for the effects of habitat fragmentation.
Trebulana gens
The gens Trebulana, occasionally spelled Treblana, was an obscure plebeian family at ancient Rome.  No members of this gens are mentioned by Roman writers, but several are known from inscriptions, and at least one attained high office under the early Empire, as Publius Trebulanus was praetor urbanus in AD 30.

Trebula Suffenas
Trebula (Greek: Τρήβουλα) or Trebula Suffenas or Trebula Suffenes, was an ancient city of the Sabines, one of two bearing the name Trebula (the other being Trebula Mutusca) – Pliny being the only author who mentions both places: Trebulani qui cognominantur Mutuscaei, et qui Suffenates.
Om Prakash Taneja
Om Prakash Taneja (21 March 1929 - 22 July 2017) was an Indian Air Force (IAF) officer and fighter pilot, known for leading India's first aerial bombing of an ammunition train as well as the attack on the Sargodha airfield, both during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965. As squadron leader of No. 1 Squadron IAF, he guided Mystère pilots to victory on 6 and 7 September 1965. For this action, he was awarded the Vir Chakra.
He retired from the IAF in August 1975 at the rank of group captain. 
Indian actor Akshay Kumar portrayed a fictionalized version of Taneja in the 2025 film Sky Force.

Sargodha
Sargodha (/sɑːˈɡəʊdə/; سرگودھا; Punjabi: [sɐɾˈɡoː˦d̪ˑäː]; Urdu: [ˈsəɾˌɡoːˈd̪ʱɑː]) is a city and capital of Sargodha Division, located in central Punjab, Pakistan. It is Pakistan's 11th most populous city and one of the fastest-growing cities of the country. It is also known as the City of Eagles.

It is one of the few planned cities of Pakistan (others include Faisalabad, Islamabad and Gwadar).
Suurrahu
Suurrahu (also known as Haeskarahu and Suurerahu; Swedish: Näckman; German: Neckmans-Grund) is a 0.1248 ha (0.308 acres) uninhabited Estonian islet in Matsalu Bay (part of the Väinameri Sea), on the territory of the Matsalu National Park. Administratively Suurrahu belongs to the Haeska village in Haapsalu municipality, Lääne County.

The islet is covered by coastal meadow and the coastline by reed bed.

Reed bed
A reedbed or reed bed is a natural habitat found in floodplains, waterlogged depressions and 
estuaries. Reedbeds are part of a succession from young reeds colonising open water or wet ground through a gradation of increasingly dry ground. As reedbeds age, they build up a considerable litter layer that eventually rises above the water level and that ultimately provides opportunities in the form of new areas for larger terrestrial plants such as shrubs and trees to colonise.

Artificial reedbeds are used to remove pollutants from greywater, and are also called constructed wetlands.
Authority
Authority is commonly understood as the legitimate power of a person or group over other people.
In a civil state, authority may be practiced by legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government, each of which has authority and is an authority.
The term "authority" has multiple nuances and distinctions within various academic fields ranging from sociology to political science.

The term authority identifies the political legitimacy, which grants and justifies rulers' right to exercise the power of government; and the term power identifies the ability to accomplish an authorized goal, either by compliance or by obedience; hence, authority is the power to make decisions and the legitimacy to make such legal decisions and order their execution.

Alexandre Kojève
Alexandre Kojève (born Aleksandr Vladimirovich Kozhevnikov; 28 April 1902 – 4 June 1968) was a Russian-born French philosopher and international civil servant whose philosophical seminars had some influence on 20th-century French philosophy, particularly via his integration of Hegelian concepts into twentieth-century continental philosophy.
Three Strangers in Rome
Tre straniere a Roma, also known as Three Strangers in Rome, is a 1958 Italian romantic comedy film directed by Claudio Gora starring Claudia Cardinale. The film was one of the first movies with Cardinale in a leading role.

Renato Chiantoni
Renato Chiantoni (19 April 1906 – 24 December 1979) was an Italian actor. He appeared in 100 films between 1937 and 1978.

Born in Brescia, the son of the stage actor Amedeo, Chiantoni debuted on stage entering several drama and revue companies. He was later active as an actor of radio dramas. Very active in films as a character actor since the 1930s, after World War II Chiantoni also worked as a director of production and as a documentary director.
Sarojini Hembram
Sarojini Hembram (1 October 1959) is an Indian politician from the Odisha state. She belongs to the Biju Janata Dal (BJD) party. She was elected to the Odisha Legislative Assembly from Bangriposi (Odisha Vidhan Sabha constituency) in 2009 and became the minister for textile, handlooms and handicrafts in the Odisha Government. She was elected to the Rajya Sabha the Upper house of Indian Parliament in 2014 from Odisha.

Odisha Legislative Assembly
The Odisha Legislative Assembly is the unicameral state legislature of the state of Odisha in India. The seat of the Legislative Assembly is at Bhubaneswar, the capital city. The Legislative Assembly comprises 147 Members of Legislative Assembly. Out of total 147 Assembly Constituencies of Odisha Legislative Assembly, 33 seats are reserved for Scheduled Tribes (ST) and 24 seats for the Scheduled Castes (SC).
Trainer aircraft
A trainer is a class of aircraft designed specifically to facilitate flight training of pilots and aircrews. The use of a dedicated trainer aircraft with additional safety features—such as tandem flight controls, forgiving flight characteristics and a simplified cockpit arrangement—allows pilots-in-training to safely advance their skills in a more forgiving aircraft.

Civilian pilots are normally trained in a light aircraft, with two or more seats to allow for a student and instructor.

Light aircraft
A light aircraft is an aircraft that has a maximum gross takeoff weight of 12,500 lb (5,670 kg) or less.

Light aircraft are used as utility aircraft commercially for small-scale passenger and freight transport; for sightseeing, photography, cropdusting, and other so-called aerial work roles of civil aviation; for the personal-use aspect of general aviation; and in certain aspects of military aviation.

Examples of aircraft that are at the maximum gross takeoff weight for this category include the de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter and Beechcraft B200 Super King Air.
3rd Mechanized Corps (1940 formation)
The 3rd Mechanized Corps (Russian: 3-й механизированный корпус) was a mechanized corps of the Red Army. Formed in June 1940 during World War II, the corps was stationed in occupied Lithuania under the Baltic Special Military District. The corps was destroyed in late June 1941 during the Battle of Raseiniai, one of the initial battles of Operation Barbarossa.

BT-7
The BT-7  was the last of the BT series of Soviet cavalry tanks that were produced in large numbers between 1935 and 1940. It was lightly armoured, but reasonably well-armed for the time, and had much better mobility than other contemporary tank designs. The BT tanks were known by the nickname Betka from the acronym, or its diminutive, Betushka.

The BT-7's successor was the famous T-34 medium tank, introduced in 1940, which replaced all of the Soviet fast tanks, infantry tanks, and medium tanks then in service.
Józef Michalik
Józef Michalik (born April 20, 1941, in Zambrów) is a Polish Roman Catholic bishop, the diocesan Bishop of the Zielona Góra-Gorzów diocese in 1986-1993 (to 1992 of Gorzów), Archbishop of Przemyśl in 1993–2016, and the president of the Polish Episcopal Conference in 2004–2014.

Przemyśl
Przemyśl (Polish: [ˈpʂɛmɨɕl] ⓘ) is a city in southeastern Poland with 56,466 inhabitants, as of December 2023. In 1999, it became part of the Subcarpathian Voivodeship. It was previously the capital of Przemyśl Voivodeship.

Przemyśl owes its long and rich history to the advantages of its geographic location. The city lies in an area connecting mountains and lowlands known as the Przemyśl Gate (Brama Przemyska), with open lines of transport, and fertile soil. It also lies on the navigable San River. Important trade routes that connect Central Europe from Przemyśl ensure the city's importance. The Old Town of Przemyśl is listed as a Historic Monument of Poland.

Since the start of the Russian invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022, Przemyśl has been a point of refuge for many Ukrainians, as it is located near the Poland–Ukraine border and serves as the end point of the Lviv–Przemyśl railway junction.
1973 Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré
The 1973 Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré was the 25th edition of the cycle race and was held from 28 May to 4 June 1973. The race started in Thonon and finished at Saint-Étienne. The race was won by Luis Ocaña of the Bic team.

Luis Ocaña
Jesús Luis Ocaña Pernía (pronounced [xeˈsus ˈlwis oˈkaɲa peɾˈnia]; 9 June 1945 – 19 May 1994) was a Spanish road bicycle racer who won the 1973 Tour de France and the 1970 Vuelta a España. During the 1971 Tour de France he launched an amazing solo breakaway that put him into the Yellow Jersey and stunned the rest of the main field, including Tour champion Eddy Merckx, but he abandoned in the fourteenth stage after a crash on the descent of the Col de Menté. Ocaña would abandon many Tours, but he finished every Vuelta a España he entered except for his first, and finished in the top 5 seven times in a row.
Jeff Whitham
Jeff Whitham served as a Republican member of the Kansas House of Representatives, representing the 123rd district 2007–2011.

Prior to his election to the House, Whitham served as mayor and on the city commission of Garden City.  He has worked as President and CEO of Western State Bank since 1983.

Whitham is a graduate of Kansas State University and earned his Doctorate in Law from Washburn Law School.

Garden City, Kansas
Garden City is a city in and the county seat of Finney County, Kansas, United States.  As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 28,151.  The city is home to Garden City Community College and the Lee Richardson Zoo, the largest zoological park in western Kansas.
I Don't Want to Be Born
I Don't Want to Be Born is a 1975 British supernatural horror film directed by Peter Sasdy and starring Joan Collins, Ralph Bates, Eileen Atkins, Donald Pleasence, Hilary Mason, and Caroline Munro. It was written by Stanley Price. Its plot follows a woman who, after being cursed, gives birth to an infant son who appears to be demonically possessed.

The film was released in the United States under the alternate title The Devil Within Her, as well as The Monster and Sharon's Baby.

McFarland & Company
McFarland & Company, Inc., is an American independent book publisher based in Jefferson, North Carolina, that specializes in academic and reference works, as well as general-interest adult nonfiction.

Its president is Rhonda Herman. Its current Editor-in-Chief is Steve Wilson. Its former president and current President Emeritus is Robert Franklin, who founded the company in 1979.

McFarland employs a staff of about 50, and as of 2019 had published 7,800 titles. McFarland's initial print runs average 600 copies per book.
Zugerberg Funicular
The Zugerbergbahn is a funicular railway in the southern-eastern suburbs of the Swiss city of Zug, in the canton of Zug. The line links the Zug suburb of Schönegg with the Zugerberg mountain overlooking the city and Lake Zug. The line has a length of 1280 m and a difference of elevation of 366 m.

It is operated by the  company Zugerbergbahn AG.

Zug railway station
Zug railway station (German: Bahnhof Zug) serves the municipality of Zug, the capital city of the canton of Zug, Switzerland.

Opened in 1897, the station is owned and operated by Swiss Federal Railways (SBB CFF FFS). It is a keilbahnhof: it forms the junction between the Zürich–Lucerne railway and the Thalwil–Arth-Goldau railway, which connects with the Gotthard railway.

Every day, some 46,000 people pass through the station.

Zug is coincidentally the German word for "train".
Federal Labour Court
The Federal Labour Court (German: Bundesarbeitsgericht pronounced [bʊndəsˈʔaʁbaɪtsɡəˌʁɪçt] ⓘ, BAG [beːʔaːˈɡeː] ⓘ) is the court of the last resort for cases of labour law in Germany, both for individual labour law (mostly concerning contracts of employment) and collective labour law (e.g. cases concerning strikes and collective bargaining). The court hears cases from the Landesarbeitsgerichte (Superior State Labour Courts), which, in turn, are the courts of appeals against decisions of the Arbeitsgerichte (Inferior State Labour Courts).

The Bundesarbeitsgericht is located in the city of Erfurt.

Labour law
Labour laws (also spelled as labor laws), labour code or employment laws are laws that mediate the relationship between workers, employing entities, trade unions, and the government. Collective labour law relates to the tripartite relationship between employee, employer, and union.

Individual labour law concerns employees' rights at work also through the contract for work. Employment standards are social norms (in some cases also technical standards) for the minimum socially acceptable conditions under which employees or contractors are allowed to work. Government agencies (such as the former US Employment Standards Administration) enforce labour law (legislature, regulatory, or judicial).
Dark Tales
Dark Tales is a series of Hong Kong television period supernatural dramas that originally aired on Jade from 18 March 1996 to 1 May 1998, consisting of two installments with 75 episodes. Based on Qing Dynasty writer Pu Songling's series of supernatural tales called Strange Tales from a Chinese Studio, Dark Tales is produced by TVB and stars a cast of mainly Hong Kong and Taiwanese actors.

Sally Chen
Sally Chen (Chinese: 陳莎莉; born 1948) is a Taiwanese actress. She has been nicknamed the "Empress specialist", having portrayed over a dozen Chinese empresses in television series.

She won Best Supporting Actress at the 1971 Golden Horse Awards. Between 1977 and 1981, she won Most Favorite Actress at the Golden Bell Awards for five consecutive years.
Kristoffer Olsson
Mats Kristoffer Olsson (born 30 June 1995) is a Swedish professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for IK Sleipner. A full international between 2017 and 2023, Olsson won 47 caps for the Sweden national team and represented his country at the UEFA Euro 2020.

Danish Superliga
The Danish Superliga (Danish: Superligaen, pronounced [ˈsuˀpɐliːˌkɛˀn̩]) is a professional association football league in Denmark and the highest level of the Danish football league system. The league is currently contested by 12 teams each year, with 2 teams relegated. It is the current Danish football championship tournament, and administered by the Divisionsforeningen.
Long Live Independence
Long Live Independence (Korean: 독립만세) is a South Korean observation reality show program that shows celebrities who have never lived alone in their whole lives as they learn how to strike out on their own and live independently for the first time. The show will follow these celebrities throughout the whole process of living independently, including finding their own house themselves. The show aired on JTBC every Monday at 22:30 (KST) starting from February 22, 2021.

JTBC
JTBC (shortened from Joongang Tongyang Broadcasting Company; Korean: 제이티비씨; stylized in all lowercase) is a South Korean nationwide pay television network. Its primary shareholder is JoongAng Holdings, with a 25% stake. It was launched on December 1, 2011. JTBC is a generalist channel, with programming consisting of television series, variety shows, and news broadcasting; its news division is held in similar regard to the three main terrestrial networks in South Korea.

In 2011, JTBC was one of four new South Korean nationwide generalist cable TV networks alongside The Dong-A Ilbo's Channel A, The Chosun Ilbo's TV Chosun and Maeil Business Newspaper's MBN. They serve as supplementary networks to the existing conventional free-to-air TV networks like KBS, MBC, SBS and other smaller channels launched following deregulation in 1990.
2012 Men's European Individual Closed Championships
The 2012 Men's European Individual Closed Championships is the men's edition of the 2012 European Squash Individual Championships, which serves as the individual European championship for squash players. The event took place in Helsinki in Finland from 23 to 26 May 2012. Olli Tuominen won his first European Individual Championships title, defeating Borja Golán in the final.

Olli Tuominen
Olli Tuominen (born 15 April 1979 in Helsinki) is a professional squash player who represented Finland. He turned professional in 1997 and reached a career-high world ranking of World No. 13 in February 2006.