hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Erebia pawloskii
Erebia pawloskii, commonly known as the yellow-dotted alpine, is a member of the subfamily Satyrinae of the family Nymphalidae. It is found in North America in northern British Columbia, Yukon, and Alaska. It is also found in the Sayan Mountains, and from northern Mongolia to Yakutia and Kamchatka. The habitat consists of grassy areas in and above wet tundra, as well as bogs.

The wingspan is 29–38 mm. Adults are on wing from July to mid-August.

The larvae feed on Carex species.

"Erebia pawloskii" is now the accepted spelling for the yellow-dotted alpine, rather than "Erebia pawlowskii".

Satyrinae
The Satyrinae, the satyrines or satyrids, commonly known as the browns, are a subfamily of the Nymphalidae (brush-footed butterflies). They were formerly considered a distinct family, Satyridae. This group contains nearly half of the known diversity of brush-footed butterflies. The true number of the Satyrinae species is estimated to exceed 2,400.
Foreign fighters in the Russo-Ukrainian war
The Russo-Ukrainian war has seen foreign volunteers participate on both sides of the conflict. Most foreign fighters joined the conflict during one of two waves. The first wave happened from 2014 to 2019 during the war in Donbas and consisted of approximately 17,241 foreign fighters. The second wave is considered by researchers to have been much larger and began in 2022 after the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The invasion saw people of various nationalities enlist, with Ukraine forming a foreign legion and Russia recruiting mercenaries.

Pavel Shurmei
Pavel Antonavich Shurmei (Belarusian: Павел Антонавіч Шурмей, born 1 September 1976) is a Belarusian rower who competed at two Olympic Games and holds multiple world records on the Concept2 indoor rowing machine. He is one of the Belarusian volunteers of the Kastuś Kalinoŭski Battalion. In March 2023, it became known that a criminal case was opened in Belarus against Pavel Shurmey in absentia. Since April 2024, he is the commander of the Kastuś Kalinoŭski Regiment.
Attfield
Attfield is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

George Attfield (1826–1925), English cricketer

Henry Attfield (1756–c. 1829), English cricketer

Jeremy Attfield (born 1972), English cricketer

Judith (Judy) Attfield (1937–2006), British design historian

Paul Attfield (born 1962), British academic

Robin Attfield, British academic

Roger Attfield (born 1939), Canadian thoroughbred trainer

William Attfield (1823–1876), English cricketer

Robin Attfield
Robin Attfield is a British philosopher known for his work on environmental philosophy, ethics, the history of philosophy and the philosophy of religion. He is an Emeritus Professor of Philosophy at Cardiff University.

Attfield read Greats (philosophy, classics and ancient history) at Christ Church and theology at Regent's Park College, Oxford. He began lecturing at Cardiff in 1968, completing a PhD at the University of Wales in 1972. He was promoted to Professor in 1992, and was awarded a DLitt by Cardiff in 2008. He is a member of the Council of the Royal Institute of Philosophy; a former co-opted member of the executive committee of the British Philosophical Association; Chair of the Cardiff Branch of the Royal Institute of Philosophy; and a former member of the UNESCO working party on environmental ethics.
Necklace
A necklace is an article of jewellery that is worn around the neck. Necklaces may have been one of the earliest types of adornment worn by humans. They often serve ceremonial, religious, magical, or funerary purposes and are also used as symbols of wealth and status, given that they are commonly made of precious metals and stones.

The main component of a necklace is the band, chain, or cord that wraps around the neck. It is most often rendered in precious metals such as gold, silver, and platinum. Necklaces often have additional attachments suspended or inset into the necklace itself. These attachments typically include pendants, lockets, amulets, crosses, and precious and semiprecious materials such as diamond, pearls, rubies, emeralds, garnets, and sapphires. They are made with many different type of materials and are used for many things and sometimes classified as clothing.

Amethyst
Amethyst is a violet variety of quartz. Ancient Greeks wore amethyst and carved drinking vessels from it in the belief that it would prevent intoxication. Amethyst, a semiprecious stone, is often used in jewelry. It occurs mostly in association with calcite, quartz, smoky quartz, hematite, pyrite, fluorite, goethite, agate, and chalcedony.
MUDAM
The Grand Duke Jean Museum of Modern Art (French: Musée d'art moderne Grand-Duc Jean), abbreviated to Mudam, is a museum of modern art in Luxembourg City, in southern Luxembourg.  The museum stands on the site of the old Fort Thüngen, on the southwestern edge of the Kirchberg-plateau, in close proximity to many of the European Union institutions based within the city.

Bruce Nauman
Bruce Nauman (born December 6, 1941) is an American artist. His practice spans a broad range of media including sculpture, photography, neon, video, drawing, printmaking, and performance. Nauman lives near Galisteo, New Mexico.
Graham Delbridge
Christianity portal

Graham Richard Delbridge (22 May 1917 – 8 June 1980) was the sixth bishop of the Diocese of Gippsland in Australia from 1974 to 1980.

Delbridge was born on 22 May 1917. He was educated at Moore College.

He became Director of Youth Work in the Anglican Diocese of Sydney and held incumbencies at Holy Trinity Church, Adelaide, and St Matthew's Manly.

From 1963 he was an archdeacon and senior chaplain to the Primate of Australia, and in 1969 he became a coadjutor bishop in the Diocese of Sydney: he was consecrated a bishop on 8 April at St Andrew's Cathedral, Sydney.

From 1973 he was a member of the Anglican-Orthodox Joint Doctrinal Commission, and he supported ecumenical endeavours in Australia.

On 8 June 1980 he and his 21-year-old daughter Judy were killed in a motoring accident near Sale.

Trinity Church Adelaide
Trinity Church Adelaide, formerly known as Holy Trinity Church and later Trinity City, is an Australian evangelical Anglican church located at 88 North Terrace in the city of Adelaide, South Australia. Established in 1836 and rebuilt in 1845, it is one of the earliest churches in the colony of South Australia.
Seriality
A seriality is a social construct that differs from a mere group of individuals. Serialities take the form of labels that are either imposed onto persons or voluntarily adopted by them. A seriality can be "unbound" and self-identified, such as workers, patriots, or anarchists, or "bound" and identified by authority census and elections, such as Asian-Americans or Tutsis.

Benedict Anderson described bound seriality as an insidious power grab by political authority. When a state gains an interest in power, it may serialize their citizens to identify them such as by forcing citizens to adopt a family name or, more recently, a national identification number.

Tutsi
The Tutsi (/ˈtʊtsi/ TUUT-see), also called Watusi, Watutsi or Abatutsi (Kinyarwanda pronunciation: [ɑ.βɑ.tuː.t͡si]), are an ethnic group established primarily in Rwanda and Burundi. They are a Bantu-speaking people and the second-largest of three main ethnic groups in Rwanda and Burundi, the other two being the Hutu and Twa.

Historically, the Tutsi were pastoralists and filled the ranks of the warrior caste. Before 1962, they regulated and controlled Rwandan society, which consisted of Tutsi aristocrats and Hutu commoners under a clientship structure. The Tutsi occupied the dominant positions in the sharply stratified society and constituted the ruling class.
Memorial Stadium (Storrs)
Memorial Stadium was a stadium in Storrs, Connecticut.  It was primarily used for American football, and was the home field of the University of Connecticut football team from 1953 to 2002. The team's current home is Rentschler Field in East Hartford. It was built for UConn's move up to the NCAA's University Division (later known as Division  I-A and now as the Football Bowl Subdivision) in college football.

The stadium held 16,200 people and was built in 1953.  It was demolished in May 2012 to make way for a new $40 million basketball practice facility, the UConn Basketball Champions Center, which opened in 2014.

Storrs, Connecticut
Storrs (/stɔːrz/ storz) is a village and census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Mansfield in eastern Tolland County, Connecticut, United States. The village is part of the Capitol Planning Region. The population was 15,979 at the 2020 census.

Storrs is dominated economically and demographically by the main campus of the University of Connecticut and the associated Connecticut Repertory Theatre.
Tone River (Western Australia)
The Tone River is a river in the South West of Western Australia.

The headwaters of the river rise South West of Kojonup and flow in a south-westerly direction crossing Muir Highway through Strachan then discharging into the Warren River in Lake Muir Nature Reserve.

The Tone River and Upper Kent rivers were investigated in the 1980s in relation to salinity issues.

The river has four tributaries, Cockatoo Creek, Chowerup Creek, Murrain Brook and Mettabinup Creek.

Kojonup, Western Australia
Kojonup is a town 256 kilometres (159 mi) south-east of Perth, Western Australia along Albany Highway in the Great Southern region. The name Kojonup refers to the "Kodja" or stone axe made by Aboriginal Australians, from the local stone.
Filadelfia Airport
Filadelfia Airport (IATA: FLM, ICAO: SGFI) is an airport serving the city of Filadelfia in Boquerón Department, Paraguay.

The Filadelfia non-directional beacon (ident: FIL) is located near the southern end of the field.

Non-directional beacon
A non-directional beacon (NDB) or non-directional radio beacon is a radio beacon which does not include inherent directional information. Radio beacons are radio transmitters at a known location, used as an aviation or marine navigational aid. NDB are in contrast to directional radio beacons and other navigational aids, such as low-frequency radio range, VHF omnidirectional range (VOR) and tactical air navigation system (TACAN).

NDB signals follow the curvature of the Earth, so they can be received at much greater distances at lower altitudes, a major advantage over VOR. However, NDB signals are also affected more by atmospheric conditions, mountainous terrain, coastal refraction and electrical storms, particularly at long range. The system, developed by United States Army Air Corps (USAAC) Captain Albert Francis Hegenberger, was used to fly the world's first instrument approach on May 9, 1932.
2003 Alamo Bowl
The 2003 Alamo Bowl was an American football bowl game between the Michigan State Spartans and the Nebraska Cornhuskers played December 29, 2003 at the Alamodome in San Antonio, Texas.

In a defensive game, Nebraska scored first, leading 3–0 on a 29-yard field goal kicked by David Dyches. Michigan State's Dave Rayner tied the score at 3 at the end of the 1st quarter, kicking a 46-yard field goal. In the second quarter, running back Cory Ross scored on touchdown runs of 2 and 6 yards, to give Nebraska a 17–3 lead.

There was no further scoring, and the game ended with Nebraska defeating Michigan State, 17–3.

Dave Rayner
Dave Rayner (born October 26, 1982) is an American former professional football player who was a placekicker in the National Football League (NFL). He was selected by the Indianapolis Colts in the sixth round of the 2005 NFL draft. He played college football for the Michigan State Spartans.
Hance
Hance is an English and French surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Benjamin Hance (born 2000), Australian Paralympic swimmer

Blake Hance (born 1996), American football player

Guy Hance (1933–2008), Belgian politician

Henry Fletcher Hance (1827–1886), British diplomat and botanist whose standard author abbreviation is Hance

Kent Hance (born 1942), American academic administrator

Rei Hance (born 1974 as Heather Donahue), American actress and writer

William Henry Hance (1951–1994), American soldier and serial killer

William Henry Hance
William Henry Hance (November 10, 1951 – March 31, 1994) was an American serial killer and U.S. Army soldier who murdered three black women near Fort Benning in Columbus, Georgia, between 1977 and 1978. He was known to have sent taunting letters to police and the media attempting to blame the crimes on a group of white men known as the Forces of Evil.

Hance was convicted of murdering three women in Georgia and sentenced to death. A fourth murder, which occurred in Indiana, he was never tried for, but was deemed the prime suspect. He spent fifteen years on death row in Georgia before his execution in the electric chair in 1994.
Renfe Class 340
The Class 340 of Renfe (4000 under the previous numbering scheme) were a class of 4-axle  diesel-hydraulic locomotives built by Krauss-Maffei (and Babcock & Wilcox) for the Spanish Railways. The design is similar in outward appearance and technology to the DB Class V 200. 32 units were built.

Babcock & Wilcox
Babcock & Wilcox Enterprises, Inc. is an American energy technology and service provider that is active and has operations in many international markets with its headquarters in Akron, Ohio. Historically, the company is best known for their steam boilers.
Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement
Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement (CEPA, simplified Chinese: 更紧密经贸关系; traditional Chinese: 更緊密經貿關係 Hanyu Pinyin: Gēng Jǐnmì Jīngmào Guānxì) are economic and trade agreement between the separate customs territories within the People's Republic of China.

The Closer Economic Partnership Arrangements which are in effect:

Mainland and Hong Kong Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement (Chinese: 內地與香港關於建立更緊密經貿關係的安排)

Mainland and Macau Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement (Chinese: 內地與澳門關於建立更緊密經貿關係的安排, Portuguese: Acordo de Estreitamento das Relações Económicas e Comerciais entre o Continente Chinês e Macau)

Mainland and Macau Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement
The Mainland and Macau Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement, or Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement (CEPA) for short, is an economic agreement between the Government of the Macau Special Administrative Region and the Central People's Government on October 18, 2003. A similar agreement, known as the Mainland and Hong Kong Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement, was signed between the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China, signed on June 29, 2003.

Regular supplements with further liberalisations have been signed between the Mainland and Macau governments. The most recent, Supplement VIII (also referred to as CEPA VIII), was signed in December 2011 and enters into effect on 1 April 2012.

The two agreements and additional supplements were signed in the Chinese language. The Chinese text is therefore the authoritative text.
Mauri
Mauri (from which derives the English term "Moors") was the Latin designation for the Berber population of Mauretania, located in the west side of North Africa on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea, Mauretania Tingitana and Mauretania Caesariensis, in the North of present-day Morocco and north western Algeria.

Huneric
Huneric, Hunneric or Honeric (died December 23, 484 AD) was King of the North African Vandal Kingdom (477–484 AD) and the oldest son of Gaiseric. He abandoned the imperial politics of his father and concentrated mainly on internal affairs. He was married to Eudocia, daughter of western Roman Emperor Valentinian III (419–455 AD) and Licinia Eudoxia. The couple had one child, a son named Hilderic.

Huneric was the first Vandal king to use the title King of the Vandals and Alans. Despite adopting this title and the Vandals maintaining their sea-power and their hold on the islands of the western Mediterranean, Huneric did not have the prestige that his father Gaiseric had enjoyed with other states.
19139 Apian
19139 Apian (provisional designation 1989 GJ8) is a bright background asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 6 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 6 April 1989, by German astronomer Freimut Börngen at the Karl Schwarzschild Observatory in Tautenburg, Eastern Germany. The asteroid was named for medieval German humanist Petrus Apianus.

Karl Schwarzschild Observatory
The Karl Schwarzschild Observatory (Officially: Thuringia State Observatory Tautenburg) is a German astronomical observatory in Tautenburg near Jena, Thuringia. It is owned and operated as under public law by the State of Thuringia.

It was founded in 1960 as an affiliated institute of the former German Academy of Sciences at Berlin in GDR and named in honour of the astronomer and physicist Karl Schwarzschild (1873–1916). In 1992, the institute was re-established as Thuringian State Observatory (Thüringer Landessternwarte, TLS).
Rynołty
Rynołty [rɨˈnɔu̯tɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szumowo, within Zambrów County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland.

Four Polish citizens were murdered by Nazi Germany in the village during World War II.

Zambrów County
Zambrów County (Polish: powiat zambrowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Podlaskie Voivodeship, north-eastern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Zambrów, which lies 64 kilometres (40 mi) west of the regional capital Białystok.

The county covers an area of 733.11 square kilometres (283.1 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 43,663, out of which the population of Zambrów is 22,098 and the rural population is 21,565.
Inscription of Shapur II and Shapur III at Taq-e Bostan
The inscriptions of Shapur II the Great and Shapur III at Taq-e Bostan, are located about 5 kilometers away from the northeast of Kermanshah and date to the Sasanian era. The inscription shows Shapur II on the right and Shapur III on the left. Two inscriptions in Middle Persian are etched on both sides. The inscriptions contain their names and their lineages. The inscription of Shapur II contains 9 lines and the inscription of Shapur III contains 13 lines.

Shapur III
Shapur III (Middle Persian: 𐭱𐭧𐭯𐭥𐭧𐭥𐭩 Šābuhr), was the Sasanian King of Kings (shahanshah) of Iran from 383 to 388. He was the son of Shapur II (r. 309–379) and succeeded his uncle Ardashir II (r. 379–383).

His reign was largely uneventful; to the west, a dispute with the Romans over Armenia was eventually settled through diplomacy, partitioning the area between the two empires in a manner which left most of it under Sasanian control. To the east, Shapur III lost control of the important mint city Kabul to the Alchon Huns.

He is notable for having a rock relief carved at Taq-e Bostan, depicting a scene of him along with his father. He was the penultimate monarch to have a rock relief carved, the last one being Khosrow II (r. 590–628), who mimicked and magnified Shapur III's work. The king died in 388, after reigning for five years. He was crushed by the collapsing weight of his own tent, after some conspiring nobles had cut its ropes. His son Bahram IV succeeded him.
Mitotic trigger waves
Mitotic trigger waves are waves of Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) activity in cells that originate from pacemaker regions of the nucleus and propagate through the cytoplasm. Because trigger waves do not decrease in speed or amplitude during their propagation, they are more reliable at conveying molecular information across greater distances compared to simple diffusion. Therefore, trigger waves ensure that different spatial components of cells can proceed through processes of mitosis in a rapid, timely manner. This wave model is considered particularly relevant to the development of large eggs such as that of the African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis), where simple diffusion cannot carry information quickly enough to synchronize the entire cell during mitosis.

Cyclin-dependent kinase
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are a group of serine/threonine protein kinases involved in the regulation of the cell cycle. These enzymes function as upstream regulators of cellular processes such as transcription, DNA repair, metabolism, and epigenetic regulation, in response to extracellular and intracellular signals. They are present in all known eukaryotes, and their regulatory function in the cell cycle has been evolutionarily conserved.

CDKs are named for the cyclins, protein activators of CDKs that become mobilized at different points in the cell cycle.  Dysregulation of CDK activity is linked to diseases including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and stroke.
1901 Haskell Indians football team
The 1901 Haskell Indians football team was an American football team that represented the Haskell Indian Institute (now known as Haskell Indian Nations University) as an independent during the 1901 college football season. In its second season under head coach Alfred G. Ellick, Haskell compiled a 6–2 record and outscored opponents by a total of 165 to 58.  The team's victories included games against Kansas and Missouri; its losses were to Minnesota and Nebraska.

Archiquette was the team captain. At the end of the 1901 season, four Haskell players were named to the All-Kansas football team: Carl at center; Redwater at guard; Bain at tackle; and Achiquette at end. Haskell's backfield included Dugan, Fallis, and Oliver at halfback, Miguel at fullback, and Bent and Fallis at quarterback.

Haskell was one of three Native American schools in 1901 to field football teams that competed in college football.  The other two were Carlisle in Pennsylvania and Chilocco in the Oklahoma Territory.

1901 Missouri Tigers football team
The 1901 Missouri Tigers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Missouri as an independent during the 1901 college football season. The team compiled a 1-6-1 record and was outscored by its opponents by a combined total of 155 to 30. Fred W. Murphy was the head coach for the second and final season. The team played its home games at Rollins Field in Columbia, Missouri.
Back Roads (TV series)
Back Roads is an Australian factual television series that explores life in regional towns across the country. The observational documentary premiered on ABC on 30 November 2015.

From its debut until 2025, the program was hosted by Australian political journalist Heather Ewart. After the conclusion of Series 11, Ewart stepped down, and Lisa Millar—a recurring guest presenter since 2019—took over as host. The series also regularly features a rotating lineup of guest presenters. Season 12 is set to return on 5 March 2025.

The show’s theme song is performed by Australian singer‑songwriter Rebecca Barnard.

Nullarbor Plain
The Nullarbor Plain (/ˈnʌlərbɔːr/ NUL-ər-bor; Latin: nulla feminine of nullus 'no' and arbor 'tree') is part of the area of flat, almost treeless, arid or semi-arid country of southern Australia, located on the Great Australian Bight coast with the Great Victoria Desert to its north. It is the world's largest single exposure of limestone bedrock, and occupies an area of about 200,000 square kilometres (77,000 sq mi). At its widest point, it stretches about 1,100 kilometres (684 mi) from east to west across the border between South Australia and Western Australia.