hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Snow science
Snow science addresses how snow forms, its distribution, and processes affecting how snowpacks change over time. Scientists improve storm forecasting, study global snow cover and its effect on climate, glaciers, and water supplies around the world. The study includes physical properties of the material as it changes, bulk properties of in-place snow packs, and the aggregate properties of regions with snow cover.  In doing so, they employ on-the-ground physical measurement techniques to establish ground truth and remote sensing techniques to develop understanding of snow-related processes over large areas.

Ground truth
Ground truth is information that is known to be real or true, provided by direct observation and measurement (i.e. empirical evidence) as opposed to information provided by inference. The term ground truth appeared in remote sensing literature as early as 1972, when NASA described it as essential "data about ... materials on the earth's surface" used to calibrate measurements. It was later adopted by the  statistical modeling and machine learning communities.
The Hunks
The Hunks is a reality television series which first aired on 19 April 2011 on Sky Living. The series follows 10 "Hunky" males spending the summer in Newquay, Cornwall and lasted for 6 Episodes until 24 May 2011.

The series was never released on DVD and there has been no official confirmation of a second series from Sky.

Sky Living
Sky Living was a British pay television channel owned and operated by Sky. The channel's programming was aimed mainly at women and young adults. Originally launched as UK Living, it became Sky Living by 2011.
Klaus-Peter Lesch
Klaus-Peter Lesch is a German clinical psychiatrist who has been investigating the neurobiological foundation of personality traits.

His 1996 paper
on the association between the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene and the personality trait neuroticism has been highly cited and was one of the first papers in personality genetics.

He is professor at the University of Würzburg.
Among his coauthors has been Peter Riederer. In 2008, he received the ECNP Neuropsychopharmacology Award.

University of Würzburg
The Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg (also referred to as the University of Würzburg, in German Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg) is a public research university in Würzburg, Germany. Founded in 1402, it is one of the oldest institutions of higher learning in Germany. The university initially had a brief run and was closed in 1415. It was reopened in 1582 on the initiative of Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn. Today, the university is named for Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn and Maximilian Joseph.

The University of Würzburg is part of the U15 group of research-intensive German universities. The university is also a member of the Coimbra Group. In the winter semester 2022/2023, 26,787 students were enrolled, of which 16,351 were women and 3,250 were first semester university students. The University is associated with 14 Nobel laureates.
Bertrand Baguette
Bertrand Marcel Nicolas Baguette (born 23 February 1986) is a Belgian professional racing driver. In 2013, he won the 24 Hours of Le Mans in the LMP2 class and the FIA WEC LMP2 class title. In 2017, he won the final running of the Suzuka 1000km in Super GT. Bertrand is the 2022 Super GT GT500 Champion with Nissan.

Pescarolo 01
The Pescarolo 01 was the first sports prototype racing car built entirely by French team Pescarolo Sport.  It had been designed to meet the LMP1 and LMP2 regulations for Le Mans Prototypes in the Le Mans Series as well as at the 24 Hours of Le Mans, and replace Pescarolo's previous C60 chassis which had been heavily modified from cars purchased through Courage Compétition.  The 01s debut was at the 2007 1000 km of Monza.
Jeroen Phaff
Jeroen Phaff, b. 1965 in Wormerveer (the Netherlands), is a Dutch musical artist.

Musicals:

L'Histoire du Soldat: playing Ramus and Igor Stravinsky

de Nachtegaal: playing Theo Loevendie

The Phantom of the Opera: playing Raoul

Evita: playing Juan Perón

Les Misérables: playing Bishop Lesgles and ansamble

Dance of the Vampires: playing count Krolock in Vienna

Elisabeth: playing Emperor Franz Josef

De Griezelbus: playing Lucifer

Aida: playing Zoser

The Flying Dutchman: playing Willem van der Decken

The Lion King: playing Scar and Pumba

Jesus Christ Superstar: playing Pontius Pilate

The Wiz: playing the lion

Chess: playing Anatoly Sergievsky

Tarzan: Korchak

In 2002 Jeroen won the John Kraaijkamp musical award for best male part.  He came third in the 1995 Dutch talent show A Star Is Born.

Elisabeth (musical)
Elisabeth is a Viennese musical commissioned by the Vereinigte Bühnen Wien and originally produced in German, with a book and lyrics by Michael Kunze and music by Sylvester Levay. It portrays the life and death of Empress Elisabeth of Austria, also known as "Sisi", the wife of Emperor Franz Joseph I, from her engagement and marriage in 1854 to her murder in 1898 at the hands of the Italian anarchist Luigi Lucheni; it focuses on her growing obsession with death, as her marriage and the empire crumble around her just before the turn of the 20th century.

According to Vereinigte Bühnen Wien, it has been translated into ten languages and seen by over 12 million spectators in 14 countries, making it the most successful German-language musical of all time.
The Slade Collection 81–87
The Slade Collection 81–87 is a compilation album by the British rock band Slade, released by RCA Records in March 1991. It contains seventeen tracks spanning the band's years with the RCA label from 1981 to 1987, including three live tracks from Slade on Stage. A follow-up album, The Slade Collection Vol. 2, 79–87, was released in 1993.

The album was re-issued in Europe in 1993 by Castle Communications. In 1996, BMG/RCA re-issued it in Europe, with Castle Communications handling the UK release. Another re-issue followed in 1999 from Polydor. In 2007, Salvo released a remastered version of the compilation, along with The Slade Collection Vol. 2, 79–87, as The Collection 79–87.

Jim Lea (musician)
James Whild Lea (born 14 June 1949) is an English musician who played bass in Slade from their inception until 1992. As well as co-writing most of the group's songs, he occasionally played keyboards, piano, violin and guitar and sang backing vocals.
1992 German Athletics Championships
The 1992 German Athletics Championships was the 92nd edition of the national championship in outdoor track and field for Germany. It was held on 19–21 June at the Olympiastadion in Munich. It served as the selection meeting for Germany at the 1992 Summer Olympics. For the first time, women's pole vault and triple jump were contested.

The failed doping tests of Katrin Krabbe and Grit Breuer, two of Germany's best athletes, brought attention to the drug testing programme at the national championships.

Grit Breuer
Grit Breuer (later Springstein, born 16 February 1972 in Röbel, Bezirk Neubrandenburg) is a German former athlete, who competed in the women's 200 metres, 400 metres, 4 × 100 m relay, and 4 × 400 m relay events.

She has received injuries as a result of her sports competition, including a slipped disk in her back and a ligament in her knee. She has also been involved in drugs-related controversy. In 1992 she received a two-year ban from the sport after admitting she had taken clenbuterol. In 2004, she was accused of skipping a drug test in South Africa, but she was cleared on a technicality. She has won two Olympic bronze medals in the 4 × 400 metres relay. Her first was in 1988 competing for East Germany, when she ran in the heats but not the final and the second was in 1996.
Emerald Square
Emerald Square is a three-level enclosed shopping mall located in North Attleborough, Massachusetts, situated along U.S. Route 1 and I-295 near the Cumberland, Rhode Island border. Opened in 1989, the mall features 563,979 square feet (0.0523954 km2) of leasable retail space and primarily serves northern Bristol County, southern Norfolk County, and Providence County.

At its peak in the 1990s, Emerald Square housed more than 120 stores, including anchor tenants JCPenney, Sears, and G. Fox (Filene's). As of 2025, the mall is anchored by JCPenney and two Macy's stores, with the former Sears anchor space remaining vacant. Currently owned by Summit Properties USA, Emerald Square has experienced a decline in occupancy and foot traffic, with vacancy rates exceeding 50%.

Providence County, Rhode Island
Providence County is the most populous county in the U.S. state of Rhode Island. As of the 2020 census, the county's population was 660,741, or 60.2% of the state's population. Providence County contains the city of Providence, the state capital of Rhode Island and the county's (and state's) most populous city, with an estimated 190,934 residents in 2020. Providence County is included in the Providence metropolitan area, which in turn constitutes a portion of Greater Boston. As of 2010, the center of population in Rhode Island is located in Providence County, in the city of Cranston.
1960 Glover Trophy
The 8th Glover Trophy was a motor race, run to Formula One rules, held on 18 April 1960 at Goodwood Circuit, England. The race was run over 42 laps of the circuit, and was won by British driver Innes Ireland in a Lotus 18. This was the first Formula 1 win for the Lotus marque in an international race (there had been an earlier win at Davidstow, Cornwall in 1954 in a national race).

Davidstow Circuit
Davidstow Circuit is a disused motor racing circuit and airfield built in Cornwall, in the United Kingdom. The circuit was built on the site of a World War II RAF Coastal Command base, RAF Davidstow Moor, opened in 1942. Davidstow circuit opened in 1952, and held three Formula 1 races between 1954 and 1955. The circuit hosted its last race in 1955, and was one of many of Britain's airfields to be transformed into motor racing venues. Davidstow circuit is notable for the first victory in a Formula One race by a Lotus.
2007 Pattaya Women's Open
The 2007 Pattaya Women's Open was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 16th edition of the PTT Pattaya Open, and was part of the WTA Tier IV tournaments of the 2007 WTA Tour. It was held in Pattaya, Thailand, from 5 February through 12 February 2007. Unseeded Sybille Bammer won the singles title.

Thailand Open (Pattaya)
The Thailand Open (also known as PTT Pattaya Open) was a women's tennis tournament held in Pattaya, Thailand. Held since 1991, this WTA Tour event was classified as an International tournament and was played on hardcourts.

The event was part of the Tier V series from 1991 to 1992 and then again from 2001 to 2003. It was a Tier IV event from 1993 to 2000 and was promoted back to Tier IV in 2005, after a year's hiatus.  Starting in 2009, the tournament became an International Series event. The 2015 PTT Thailand Open was the last edition.

Daniela Hantuchová holds the record for the most singles titles won with three: 2011, a successful title defence in 2012, and 2015.
Luzio Luzi
Luzio Luzi (sometimes Luzzi or Luci), also known as Luzio Luzi da Todi and Luzio Romano (died late 16th century), was an Italian painter, stuccoist, and draftsman of the High Renaissance era favoring the Mannerist style.

High Renaissance
In art history, the High Renaissance was a short period of the most exceptional artistic production in the Italian states, particularly Rome, capital of the Papal States, and in Florence, during the Italian Renaissance. Most art historians state that the High Renaissance started between 1490 and 1500, and ended in 1520 with the death of Raphael, although some say the High Renaissance ended about 1525, or in 1527 with the Sack of Rome by the mutinous army of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, or about 1530. The best-known exponents of painting, sculpture, and architecture of the High Renaissance include Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael, and Bramante. In the 21st century, the use of the term has been frequently criticized by some academic art historians for oversimplifying artistic developments, ignoring historical context, and focusing only on a few iconic works.
Jon Chol-ho
Jon Chol-ho (born 7 April 1969) is a North Korean former weightlifter, who competed in the middleweight class and represented North Korea at international competitions. He won the bronze medal at the 1989 World Weightlifting Championships in the 75 kg category. He won the bronze medal at the 1996 Summer Olympics in the 76 kg event. He also participated at the 1992 Summer Olympics in the 82.5 kg event and 2000 Summer Olympics in the 77 kg event. He won the gold medal at the 1990 Asian Games in the Lightweight class.

Weightlifting at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Men's 77 kg
The men's 77 kilograms weightlifting event at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia took place at the Sydney Convention and Exhibition Centre on September 22.

Total score was the sum of the lifter's best result in each of the snatch and the clean and jerk, with three lifts allowed for each lift.  In case of a tie, the lighter lifter won; if still tied, the lifter who took the fewest attempts to achieve the total score won.  Lifters without a valid snatch score did not perform the clean and jerk.
ÍB Akureyri
Íþróttabandalag Akureyrar (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈiːˌθrouhtaˌpantaˌlaɣ ˈaːkʏrˌeiːrar̥]) or Akureyri Sports Association, commonly known as ÍBA, is an organization which was founded on 20 December 1944, based in Akureyri in the north of Iceland. The union is a part of the National Olympic and Sports Association (ISI) and the Icelandic Youth Association (UMFÍ) and acts as a connection between the town of Akureyri and its sports clubs. Within ÍBA, 21 member associations are registered and over 40 sports are available for practitioners.

National Olympic and Sports Association of Iceland
The National Olympic and Sports Association of Iceland (Icelandic: Íþrótta- og Ólympíusamband Íslands, ÍSÍ; IOC Code: ISL) is the National Olympic Committee representing Iceland, and the highest authority for sporting activity in the country. The main tasks of the ÍSÍ are to promote, coordinate and organize sporting activities in Iceland, as well as to promote the development of sport, as well as public sport events. The ÍSÍ has organized many popular public annual sporting events such as marathons and cycle to work schemes.
Donald Ross (writer)
Donald Ross (June 18, 1942 – June 1, 2018) was an American television screenwriter and producer, known for writing television shows such as The Love Boat; Murder, She Wrote and Hart to Hart. Ross was married to actress Patti Deutsch.

This Is Tom Jones
This Is Tom Jones was a British Associated Television variety series presented by Tom Jones. It was exported to the United States by ITC Entertainment and networked there by the American Broadcasting Company. The series ran between 1969 and 1971 to total 65 colour episodes. Jones was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for "Best Actor in a Television Series - Musical or Comedy" in 1969. The series also featured comedy sketches by the Ace Trucking Company improvisational group, featuring Fred Willard and Patti Deutsch, among others.
WQUS
WQUS (103.1 FM, "U.S. 103.1") is a commercial radio station licensed to Lapeer, Michigan, United States, and broadcasting a classic rock format. It is owned by Townsquare Media and also airs live game broadcasts of two local sports teams: the Ontario Hockey League's Flint Firebirds and Lapeer Lightning high school football.

The transmitter is on Haines Road in Lum, Michigan, while the studios are in Burton, east of Flint. WQUS is also simulcast on sister station WCRZ's second digital subchannel in the Flint area.

Genesee County, Michigan
Genesee County (/ˈdʒɛnəsi/ JEN-ə-see) is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 406,211, and was estimated to be 402,279 in 2024, making it the fifth-most populous county in Michigan, and the most populous in Mid-Michigan. The county seat and largest city is Flint (birthplace of General Motors). Genesee County consists of 33 cities, townships, and villages. It is considered to be a part of Mid-Michigan.

The county was named after Genesee County, New York, which in turn comes from the Seneca word Gen-nis'-hee-yo, meaning "Beautiful Valley". Genesee County comprises the Flint, MI Metropolitan statistical area. A major attraction for visitors is Crossroads Village, a living history village north of Flint.

Genesee County is noted for having had the fossil of an ancient whale known as Balaenoptera Lacepede unearthed in Thetford Township during quarry work and estimated at 11,000 years old.
Barua
Barua (also spelt as Baroa, Baruah, Barooa, Barooah, Baroova, Baroowa, Borooah, Baruva, Baruwa, Borooah, Borua, Boruah) is a common Assamese surname shared by the Assamese communities. They mostly follow Hinduism.

Barua surname is also used by the Magh people of Chittagong, Myanmar and West Bengal also known as Maramagyi. They follow Theravada Buddhism and are a different community from Assamese Hindu Baruas.

Assamese Brahmin
Assamese Brahmins are the Brahmin community present in the Assamese society. There they promoted learning, Vedic religion, astrology, ayurveda and as well as imparting general vedic knowledge to the public. The Brahmins migrated to Assam from Videha (Mithila), Kannauj, Bengal (Gauda) and many other places.
2025 UEFA European Under-21 Championship qualification Group A
Group A of the 2025 UEFA European Under-21 Championship qualifying competition consists of six teams: Italy, Ireland, Norway, Turkey, Latvia, and San Marino. The composition of the nine groups in the qualifying group stage was decided by the draw held on 2 February 2023 at the UEFA headquarters in Nyon, Switzerland, with the teams seeded according to their coefficient ranking.

Nyon
Nyon (French pronunciation: [njɔ̃] ⓘ; historically German: Neuis or Neuss and Italian: Nione, [ˈnjoːne]) is a municipality in Nyon District in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. It is located some 25 kilometers north east of Geneva's city centre, and since the 1970s it has become part of the Geneva metropolitan area. It lies on the shores of Lake Geneva and is the seat of Nyon District. The town has (as of December 2020) a population of 21,718 and is famous in the sporting world for being the headquarters of the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) and the European Club Association (ECA). It is connected to the rest of Switzerland by way of the Route Suisse, the A1 Motorway and the railways of the Arc Lémanique.
Designing Economic Mechanisms
Designing Economic Mechanisms is a 2006 book by economists Leonid Hurwicz and Stanley Reiter. Hurwicz received the 2007 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences with Eric Maskin and Roger Myerson for their work on mechanism design. In this book, Hurwicz and Reiter presented systematic methods for designing decentralized economic mechanisms whose performance attains specified goals.

Eric Maskin
Eric Stark Maskin (born December 12, 1950) is an American economist and mathematician. He was jointly awarded the 2007 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences with Leonid Hurwicz and Roger Myerson "for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory". He is the Adams University Professor and Professor of Economics and Mathematics at Harvard University.

Until 2011, he was the Albert O. Hirschman Professor of Social Science at the Institute for Advanced Study, and a visiting lecturer with the rank of professor at Princeton University.
Leaderism
The Russian political term leaderism (Russian: вождизм, vozhdism) means "a policy directed at the affirmation/confirmation of one person in the role of an indisputable or infallible leader". Manifestations of vozhdism include clientelism, nepotism, tribalism, and messianism.

Forms of leaderism include Italian fascism, Führerprinzip, Stalinism, Maoism, and Juche. According to Nikolai Berdyaev (1874–1948), Leninism represented a new type of leaderism, featuring a leader of masses having dictatorship powers, while Joseph Stalin as vozhd exemplifies an ultimate type of such a supreme leader.

In Marxist–Leninist phraseology, leaderism is a pejorative, in opposition to the officially proclaimed "principle of collective leadership". As representative types of leaderist societies, some modern Russian authors argue include the regimes of Islamic leaders, and Vladimir Putin.

Pejorative
A pejorative word, phrase, slur, or derogatory term is a word or grammatical form expressing a negative or disrespectful connotation, a low opinion, or a lack of respect toward someone or something. It is also used to express criticism, hostility, or disregard. Sometimes, a term is regarded as pejorative in some social or ethnic groups but not in others or may be originally pejorative but later adopt a non-pejorative sense (or vice versa) in some or all contexts.
Gallo Cliff Dwelling
Gallo Cliff Dwelling is a pair of Ancestral Puebloan room blocks that lie under a cliff in Gallo Canyon, New Mexico, United States. Located adjacent to the National Park Service campground, the site includes a central room that features a multi-storied wall and a five-room structure with kiva that was probably occupied during the early 12th century by Mesa Veredans, who built in a distinctive McElmo masonry style. The inhabitants of these dwellings dates from 1150 to 1200 AD, or the late Chacoan Period. National Park Service excavations there during the 1960s uncovered a quantity of perishable items, including sandals and baskets, from the rooms.

Coordinates: 36°2′15.0″N 107°53′26.6″W﻿ / ﻿36.037500°N 107.890722°W﻿ / 36.037500; -107.890722

Kiva
A kiva (also estufa) is a space used by Puebloans for rites and political meetings, many of them associated with the kachina belief system. Among the modern Hopi and most other Pueblo peoples, "kiva" refers to a large, circular, underground room used for spiritual ceremonies and as a place of worship.

Similar subterranean rooms are found among ruins in the Southwestern United States, indicating uses by the ancient peoples of the region, including the ancestral Puebloans, the Mogollon culture, and the Hohokam. Those used by the ancient Pueblos of the Pueblo I period and following, designated by the Pecos Classification system developed by archaeologists, were usually round and evolved from simpler pit-houses. For the Ancestral Puebloans, these rooms are believed to have served a variety of functions, including domestic residence, social, and ceremonial purposes.
Artemita
Artemita (Ancient Greek: Ἀρτεμίτα) or Artemita in Apolloniatis was a Greek city in Sittacene, a region in what is now eastern Iraq. Artemita was already settled during the Assyrian Empire and later flourished under the Parthian Empire.

Though its location is probably near to the confluence of the river Radānu to the Tigris, on a route along the Tigris northwest of Seleucia. According to Isidore of Charax, it was crossed by the river Sillas (Diyala) and is located about ca. 90 km from Seleucia, and was already known since Tiglathpileser III in Assyrian cuneiform sources (second half of 8th century BCE) as Kār Aššur and later as Chalasar (Tabula Peutingeriana, Manî). Later it was settled again under the Greeks (Macedonian), but might have been considered Parthian. In AD 31, It welcomed the Arsacid pretender Tiridates II.
Artemita was the birthplace of the historian Apollodorus of Artemita.

Diyala River
The Diyala (Arabic: نهر ديالى‎ Nahr Diyālā; Kurdish: Sîrwan; Farsi: دیاله Diyâlah, سيروان Sīrvān) is a river and tributary of the Tigris. It is formed by the confluence of the Sirwan and Tanjaro rivers in Darbandikhan Dam in the Sulaymaniyah Governorate of Northern Iraq. It covers a total distance of 445 km (277 mi).