hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Massive particle
The physics technical term massive particle refers to a massful particle which has real non-zero rest mass (such as baryonic matter), the counter-part to the term massless particle. According to special relativity, the velocity of a massive particle is always less than the speed of light. When highlighting relativistic speeds, the synonyms bradyon (from Greek: βραδύς, bradys, "slow"), tardyon or ittyon are sometimes used to contrast with luxon (which moves at light speed) and hypothetical tachyon (which moves faster than light).

Special relativity
In physics, the special theory of relativity, or special relativity for short, is a scientific theory of the relationship between space and time. In Albert Einstein's 1905 paper, 
"On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies", the theory is presented as being based on just two postulates:

The laws of physics are invariant (identical) in all inertial frames of reference (that is, frames of reference with no acceleration). This is known as the principle of relativity.

The speed of light in vacuum is the same for all observers, regardless of the motion of light source or observer. This is known as the principle of light constancy, or the principle of light speed invariance.

The first postulate was first formulated by Galileo Galilei (see Galilean invariance).
Payız
Payız (also, Paiz and Payyz) is a village and municipality in the Babek District of Nakhchivan, Azerbaijan. The village is located at the foothills, on both banks of the Jahri River. Its population is busy with grain-growing, poultry and animal husbandry. There are secondary school, club, library, mosque and a medical center in the village. It has a population of 1,074. Nearby have been found the same named monument of the Bronze Age and early Iron Age and the Çalxanqala (Chalkhangala) settlement of the Bronze Age.

Babek District
Babek District (Azerbaijani: Babək rayonu) is one of the 7 districts of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan. The district borders the districts of Julfa, Shahbuz, Kangarli, Nakhchivan city, as well as the Vayots Dzor Province of Armenia and the East Azerbaijan and West Azerbaijan provinces of Iran. Its capital and largest city is Babek. As of 2020, the district had a population of 76,200.
Chicks on Speed
Chicks on Speed is a feminist art music ensemble, formed in Munich, Germany, in 1997 at the Munich Academy of Fine Arts. Though Chicks on Speed reached cult status throughout the 2000s and became most well known as catalysts of the musical genre electroclash, the band performs as a multidisciplinary art group working in performance art, electronic dance music, collage graphics, textile design, fashion, musical instrument design, artistic research and art education.

Visual arts education
Visual arts education is the area of learning that is based upon the kind of art that one can see, visual arts—drawing, painting, sculpture, printmaking, and design in jewelry, pottery, weaving, fabrics, etc. and design applied to more practical fields such as commercial graphics and home furnishings. Contemporary topics include photography, video, film, design, and computer art. Art education may focus on students creating art, on learning to criticize or appreciate art, or some combination of the two.
Brianna Hernandez-Silva
Brianna Hernandez-Silva (born April 13, 1999) is an American international flag football player. She has represented the United States national team since 2025. After playing college softball for the Southern Nevada Coyotes, she played college flag football for the Kansas Wesleyan Coyotes and the Keiser Seahawks.

College flag football
College flag football is the sport of flag football played by student-athletes at colleges and universities. The National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) was the first college governing body to sanction flag football as a varsity women's sport in 2021.
Kirk's Work
Kirk's Work (also reissued as Funk Underneath) is an album by Roland Kirk, with Jack McDuff. Prestige Records released the album in 1961, with Original Jazz Classics and Concord Music Group issuing subsequent re-releases.

Rudy Van Gelder engineered the recording on July 11, 1961 at Van Gelder Studio (in Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey), while Esmond Edwards supervised the session.  Van Gelder remastered the recording for the Concord 2007 re-release.

Esmond Edwards
Esmond Edwards (October 29, 1927 – January 20, 2007) was an American photographer, record producer, and recording engineer. He worked for the jazz label Prestige Records during the 1950s and early 1960s.  He was originally hired by founder Bob Weinstock as a photographer for the record label. He was a trail-blazing African-American, as very few recording industry executives were from minorities. He took over the supervision of recording sessions as the Prestige label's success grew.
Cost
Cost is the value of money that has been used up to produce something or deliver a service, and hence is not available for use anymore. In business, the cost may be one of acquisition, in which case the amount of money expended to acquire it is counted as cost. In this case, money is the input that is gone in order to acquire the thing. This acquisition cost may be the sum of the cost of production as incurred by the original producer, and further costs of transaction as incurred by the acquirer over and above the price paid to the producer. Usually, the price also includes a mark-up for profit over the cost of production.

More generalized in the field of economics, cost is a metric that is totaling up as a result of a process or as a differential for the result of a decision.  Hence cost is the metric used in the standard modeling paradigm applied to economic processes.

Costs (pl.) are often further described based on their timing or their applicability.

Paradigm
In science and philosophy, a paradigm (/ˈpærədaɪm/ PARR-ə-dyme) is a distinct set of concepts or thought patterns, including theories, research methods, postulates, and standards for what constitute legitimate contributions to a field. The word paradigm is Greek in origin, meaning "pattern". It is closely related to the discussion of theory-ladenness in the philosophy of science.
Castle Semple Loch
Castle Semple Loch is a 1.5-mile-long (2.4-kilometer) inland freshwater loch at Lochwinnoch in Renfrewshire, Scotland. Originally part of an estate of the same name, it is now administered by Clyde Muirshiel Regional Park as a watersports centre. An RSPB bird sanctuary is located on the loch's southern shore.

Loch
Loch (/lɒx/ LOKH) is a word meaning "lake" or "sea inlet" in Scottish and Irish Gaelic, subsequently borrowed into English. In Irish contexts, it often appears in the anglicized form "lough". A small loch is sometimes called a lochan. Lochs which connect to the sea may be called "sea lochs" or "sea loughs".
Project DIANE
Project DIANE, an acronym for Diversified Information and Assistance NEtwork, was a very early videoconferencing based community service network created in the United States. DIANE was a grassroots driven regional videoconferencing consortium which promoted and supported cooperative electronic alliances in education, community service, and economic development.

Created in 1992 in Nashville, Tennessee, Project DIANE was in active operation as a centrally managed public service network until 2006. Portions of the network still remain in service, however, though no longer under the Project DIANE moniker.

Peak network membership consisted of more than 200 participating organizations and more than 350 program and technical coordinators, supporting live interactive video programming over a service region consisting of twelve U.S. states and five countries.

Tennessee State University
Tennessee State University (Tennessee State, Tenn State, or TSU) is a public historically black land-grant university in Nashville, Tennessee, United States. Founded in 1912, it is the only state-funded historically black university in Tennessee. It is a member-school of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund. Tennessee State University offers 41 bachelor's degrees, 23 master's degrees, and eight doctoral degrees. It is classified as "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".
Michael Tabor
Michael Barry Tabor (born 28 October 1941) is a British racehorse owner. As a partner in Coolmore Stud, he is one of only four racehorse owners to have won both the Epsom Derby  and the Kentucky Derby.

Tabor has extensive business interests outside of horse racing, spanning hotels, property and entertainment. Tabor regularly appears on the Sunday Times Rich List of the richest people in Britain. According to the Sunday Times Rich List in 2019 his net worth was estimated at £629 million.

Entrepreneur (horse)
Entrepreneur (foaled 4 March 1994) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. In a career that lasted from August 1996 to September 1997 he ran six times and won three races. After winning two of his three races in 1996 he won the 2000 Guineas on his first start as a three-year-old. Entrepreneur then started the shortest-priced Epsom Derby favourite for fifty years, but finished fourth. After another disappointing run in autumn he was retired to stud.
Alternating conditional expectations
In statistics, Alternating Conditional Expectations (ACE) is a nonparametric algorithm used in regression analysis to find the optimal transformations for both the outcome (response) variable and the input (predictor) variables.

For example, in a model that tries to predict house prices based on size and location, ACE helps by figuring out if, for instance, transforming the size (maybe taking the square root or logarithm) or the location (perhaps grouping locations into categories) would make the relationship easier to model and lead to better predictions. The algorithm iteratively adjusts these transformations until it finds the ones that maximize the predictive power of the regression model.

Predictive power
The concept of predictive power, the power of a scientific theory to generate testable predictions, differs from explanatory power and descriptive power (where phenomena that are already known are retrospectively explained or described by a given theory) in that it allows a prospective test of theoretical understanding.
Great West End Theatres
Great West End Theatres is a documentary series planned and intended to detail the history, architecture, and theatrical anecdotes of all forty West End Theatres of London (as covered by the monthly Society of London Theatre list).  The ten episodes completed before the death of the series' host are available individually as All-Region DVDs and also as digital downloads and were broadcast in 2013 in the UK on Sky Arts 2 and were chosen as "Pick of the Day" by the London edition of Time Out magazine.

Steven Berkoff
Steven Berkoff (born Leslie Steven Berks; 3 August 1937) is an English actor, author, playwright, theatre practitioner and theatre director.

As a theatre maker he is recognised for staging work with a heightened performance style known as "Berkovian theatre", which combines elements of physical theatre, total theatre and expressionism. His work has sometimes been viewed as an example of in-yer-face theatre, due to the intense presentation and taboo-breaking material in a number of his plays.

As a screen actor, he is known for his performances in villainous roles, including the portrayals of General Orlov in the James Bond film Octopussy (1983), Victor Maitland in Beverly Hills Cop (1984), Lt. Col. Podovsky in Rambo: First Blood Part II (1985) and Adolf Hitler in War and Remembrance (1988–89).
Kartika I
Kartika I is an Indonesian sounding rocket built by LAPAN, AURI, Bandung Institute of Technology, and Pindad under PRIMA (Sounding and Military Rocket Development Project/Indonesian: Proyek Pengembangan Roket Ilmiah dan Militer Awal) project. This rocket was launched on August 14, 1964, in LAPAN Rocket Launching Station Pameungpeuk, West Java, becoming the first sounding rocket ever launched in Indonesia, and the fourth in Asia after Japan through Kappa Rocket, China with T-7 and Pakistan with the Rehbar series.

T-7 (rocket)
The T-7 was China's first sounding rocket. A test rocket, dubbed the T-7M, was first successfully launched on 19 February 1960 in Nanhui, Shanghai, and a full-scale rocket was launched on 13 September 1960. Wang Xiji of the Shanghai Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering was the chief designer. Twenty-four T-7 rockets were launched between 1960 and 1965, and it was retired after a final launch in 1969.
Ana Fernández (actress, born 1963)
Ana Fernández (born 29 May 1965) is a Spanish actress. Born in Valencina de la Concepción, Seville, for her performance in Benito Zambrano's Solas in 1999 Fernández won the Goya Award for Best New Actress.  She also appeared in Pedro Almodóvar's Talk to Her.

Benito Zambrano
Benito Zambrano (Lebrija, 20 March 1965), is an awarded Spanish  screenwriter and film director. His film Habana Blues was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2005 Cannes Film Festival. He studied at Escuela Internacional de Cine y Television in San Antonio de Los Baños, Cuba.
Anna Blount
Anna Blount (January 18, 1872 – February 12, 1953) was an American physician from Chicago, and Oak Park. She was awarded Doctor of Medicine June 17, 1897 by Northwestern University. She volunteered her medical services at Hull House, a settlement house in Chicago that was founded in 1889. She encouraged other women to become physicians and was the president of the National Medical Women's Association.

Settlement movement
The settlement movement was a reformist social movement that began in the 1880s and peaked around the 1920s in the United Kingdom and the United States. Its main object was the establishment of settlement houses in poor urban areas, in which volunteer middle-class "settlement workers" would live, hoping to share knowledge and culture with, and alleviate the poverty of, their low-income neighbors. The settlement houses provided services such as daycare, English classes, and healthcare to improve the lives of the poor in these areas. The settlement movement also spawned educational/reform movements. Both in the United Kingdom and the United States, settlement workers worked to develop a unique activist form of sociology known as Settlement Sociology. This science of the social movement is neglected in the history of sociology in favor of a teaching-, theory- and research university–based model.
Downsville
Downsville is the name of several communities in the United States, including:

Downsville, Louisiana, a community in Union and Lincoln parishes

Downsville, Maryland, a community in Washington County

Downsville, New York, a community in the town of Colchester

Downsville, Texas, a community in McLennan County

Downsville, Wisconsin, a community in Dunn County

Downsville, Wisconsin
Downsville is an unincorporated census-designated place in the town of Dunn, located within Dunn County, Wisconsin, United States, where Highway 25 crosses the Red Cedar River. As of the 2020 census, its population was 188, up from 146 at the 2010 census.

The community was founded in 1855. Around that time, Ebenezer Thompson tried to dam the Red Cedar, but his half-built dam was destroyed by a flood. In 1857 Captain Downs tried again and succeeded in building a dam which powered a sawmill. The village was platted in 1859, and named for Downs. He sold the mill to Knapp, Stout & Co., who expanded it and added planing and shingle mills which employed about 100 men by 1891. By that year the town also had a steam feed mill and a stop on the Menomonie branch of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St Paul Railway.
1990 UEFA European Under-21 Championship
The 1990 UEFA European Under-21 Championship, which spanned two years (1988–90), had 30 entrants. San Marino competed for the first time. USSR U-21s won the competition.

The 30 national teams were divided into eight groups (six groups of 4 + two groups of 3). The group winners played off against each other on a two-legged home-and-away basis until the winner was decided.  There was no finals tournament or 3rd-place playoff.

Soviet Union national under-21 football team
The Soviet national youth football team was the under-21 football team of the Soviet Union. Before 1978 it was known as under-23 team. It ceased to exist on the breakup of the Union.

Following the realignment of UEFA's youth competitions in 1976, the USSR Under-21 team was formed.  The team had a good record, winning the competition twice, reaching the last four once, but failing to qualify for the last eight on five occasions.

After the dissolution of the USSR (on 26 December 1991), the senior team played out its remaining fixtures, which were the finals of Euro 92. Because the USSR U-21s had, by 26 December, already failed to qualify for their version of the 1992 European Championship, the former Soviet states didn't play as a combined team at U-21 level ever again.

Of the former Soviet states, only Russia entered the 1992–1994 competition. A total of 15 former Soviet states play international football today; 11 in Europe under UEFA, 4 in Asia under the AFC.
Nteng language
Nteng is a West Chadic language spoken in Plateau State, Nigeria. Nteng is spoken in the villages of Nteng, Geer, Ɗok, Kelaghal, Lool, Kwaki, Jekmorop, and Gorom, with Gorom being a primarily Bwal-speaking village. Roger Blench (2017) estimates that there are 2,000 speakers as of 2017.

Although Nteng is most closely related to the Pan cluster of languages, it has also been influenced by Mushere.

Roger Blench
Roger Marsh Blench (born August 1, 1953) is a British linguist, ethnomusicologist and development anthropologist. He has an M.A. and a Ph.D. from the University of Cambridge and is based in Cambridge, England. He researches, publishes, and works as a consultant.
Henderson High School, Auckland
Henderson High School is a co-educational secondary school in the West Auckland suburb of Henderson, New Zealand, catering for students from Year 9 to Year 13. Many notable alumni attended Jubilees held in 2003 (50th) and 2013 (60th). Historically the school has always been an important part of the community and stability of leadership has ensured that it is well resourced with a wide range of facilities. Recent reviews by the Education Review Office have been positive.

Alumni
Alumni (sg.: alumnus (MASC) or alumna (FEM)) are former students or graduates of a school, college, or university. The feminine plural alumnae is sometimes used for groups of women, and alums (sg.: alum) or alumns (sg.: alumn) as gender-neutral alternatives. The word comes from Latin, meaning nurslings, pupils or foster children, derived from alere "to nourish".

Alumni may or may not have completed their degree. For example, Burt Reynolds was an alumnus of Florida State University but not a graduate.

Alumni can also be former inmates, former employees, former contributors, or former members of an organization.
Tracey Hiete
Tracey Hiete Smith (born January 29, 1971) is an American former professional tennis player.

Hiete, who grew up in Pacific Palisades, played college tennis for Duke University.

Graduating from Duke in 1993, Hiete played on the professional tour until 1998 and reached a career high singles ranking of 334 in the world. As a doubles player she made a WTA Tour main draw appearance at the 1996 Acura Classic and won three titles on the ITF Circuit, reaching a career best ranking of 257.

Hiete married Australian rugby league personality Jimmy Smith in 2009 and now lives in Sydney.

1996 Acura Classic
The 1996 Acura Classic was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the Manhattan Country Club in Manhattan Beach, California in the United States that was part of Tier II of the 1996 WTA Tour. It was the 23rd edition of the tournament and was held from August 12 through August 18, 1996. Fourth-seeded Lindsay Davenport won the singles title.
Arrondissement of Aalst
The Arrondissement of Aalst (Dutch: Arrondissement Aalst; French: Arrondissement d'Alost) is one of the six administrative arrondissements in the Province of East Flanders, Belgium. It forms the Judicial Arrondissement of Dendermonde together with the Arrondissements of Dendermonde and Sint-Niklaas.

Arrondissements of Belgium
Arrondissements of Belgium (plural in Dutch: arrondissementen) are subdivisions below the provinces of Belgium. There are administrative, judicial and electoral arrondissements. These may or may not relate to identical geographical areas.

Belgium, a federalized state,  geographically consists of three regions, of which only Flanders and Wallonia are subdivided into five provinces each; Brussels is neither a province nor is it part of one.
1986–87 Biathlon World Cup
The 1986–87 Biathlon World Cup was a multi-race tournament over a season of biathlon, organised by the UIPMB (Union Internationale de Pentathlon Moderne et Biathlon). The season started on 18 December 1986 in Obertauern, Austria, and ended on 15 March 1987 in Lillehammer, Norway. It was the tenth season of the Biathlon World Cup. The first round of the World Cup was originally going to be held in Hochfilzen, Austria, but the races were moved to Obertauern due to a lack of snow.

Jan Matouš
Jan Matouš (born 30 May 1961) is a Czech former biathlete who competed for Czechoslovakia. At the 1987 World Championships in Lake Placid, New York. Matouš won a bronze medal in the 20 km individual. He also won a silver medal in the team competition at the 1990 World Championships in Minsk. Matouš's best Olympic placing was a 9th place in the sprint event at the 1984 Olympics in Sarajevo.
Yallourn railway line
Two different railway lines serviced Yallourn during its existence. Both were broad gauge branches from the Gippsland line in Victoria, Australia. The first was a line branching from a junction at Hernes Oak, situated between Moe and Morwell, which was in service from 1922 to 1955. The second Yallourn railway line junctioned at Moe, and was used between 1953 and 1986.

Operated by the Victorian Railways and successors, the lines served the Yallourn Power Station, the associated open cut brown coal mine, and a briquette factory complex, all operated by the State Electricity Commission of Victoria (SECV), as well as the adjacent company town of Yallourn. The alignment of the first branch line has been lost due to the expansion of the Yallourn mine. The second line is now part of the Moe to Yallourn Rail Trail.

Victorian Railways
The Victorian Railways (VR), trading from 1974 as VicRail, was the state-owned operator of most rail transport in the Australian state of Victoria from 1859 to 1983. The first railways in Victoria were private companies, but when these companies failed or defaulted, the Victorian Railways was established to take over their operations. Most of the lines operated by the Victorian Railways were of 5 ft 3 in (1,600 mm). However, the railways also operated up to five 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) narrow gauge lines between 1898 and 1962, and a 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge line between Albury and Melbourne from 1961.