hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Admiralty of Amsterdam
The Admiralty of Amsterdam was the largest of the five Dutch admiralties during the time of the Dutch Republic.

The administration of the various admiralties was strongly influenced by provincial interests. The territory for which Amsterdam was responsible were city itself, the Gooi region, the islands of Texel, Vlieland and Terschelling, the province of Utrecht and the Gelderland quarters of Arnhem and of the Graafschap of Zutphen. Amsterdam had developed into the most important of all the admiralties and often compensated for the other admiralties' deficiencies.  When the "Committee for Naval Affairs" (Comité tot de Zaken der Marine) replaced the Admiralty Colleges on 27 February 1795 during the reforms by the Batavian Republic, the lower civil servants were kept on, but the officers were dismissed.

Arnhem
Arnhem (Dutch: [ˈɑrnɛm] ⓘ or [ˈɑr(ə)nɦɛm] ⓘ; German: Arnheim [ˈaʁnhaɪm] ⓘ; Ernems: Èrnem) is a city and municipality situated in the eastern part of the Netherlands, near the German border. It is the capital of the province of Gelderland, located on both banks of the rivers Nederrijn and Sint-Jansbeek, which was the source of the city's development.

Arnhem is home to the Hogeschool van Arnhem en Nijmegen, ArtEZ Institute of the Arts, Netherlands Open Air Museum, Airborne Museum 'Hartenstein', Royal Burgers' Zoo, NOC*NSF and National Sports Centre Papendal. The north corner of the municipality is part of the Hoge Veluwe National Park. It is approximately 55 square kilometres (21 sq mi) in area, consisting of heathlands, sand dunes, and woodlands.
David Danielson
David J. Danielson (March 17, 1947 – May 22, 2021) was an American politician. First elected in 2012, he was a Republican member of the New Hampshire House of Representatives, representing the town of Bedford. In 2017, he was designated the assistant majority leader.

Danielson was born in Manchester, New Hampshire on March 17, 1947. He graduated from Bishop Bradley High School in 1965. Danielson earned his bachelor's degree in political science from Saint Anselm College, and a Master of Business Administration from Rivier University.

Danielson served in the New Hampshire Army National Guard, and as an adjunct faculty member at Southern New Hampshire University.

Danielson and his wife Mary had one son. He died on May 22, 2021, of cancer at his home in Bedford, New Hampshire.

Southern New Hampshire University
Southern New Hampshire University (SNHU) is a private university in Manchester and Hooksett, New Hampshire, United States. The university is accredited by the New England Commission of Higher Education, along with national accreditation for some hospitality, health, education and business degrees. It is one of the fastest-growing universities nationwide with 170,000 online students and 3,000 on campus.
Ripartitella brasiliensis
Ripartitella brasiliensis, commonly known as the carnival cap, is a species of fungus in the family Agaricaceae. It was originally described as new to science by Carlos Luigi Spegazzini in 1889.

The cap is 1–4 centimetres (1⁄2–1+1⁄2 in) wide, with a white surface largely obscured by scales. The stem is 2–7 cm (3⁄4–2+3⁄4 in) long and 2–6 millimetres (1⁄8–1⁄4 in) thick. The flesh is whitish and the spore print is white.

The fungus is found in North America (near the Gulf Coast from May–November), Central and South America, Africa, and the Bonin Islands of the western Pacific Ocean. It fruits in clusters on the decaying wood of hardwood trees, especially oak.

Hardwood
Hardwood is wood from angiosperm trees. These are usually found in broad-leaved temperate and tropical forests. In temperate and boreal latitudes they are mostly deciduous, but in tropics and subtropics mostly evergreen. Hardwood (which comes from angiosperm trees) contrasts with softwood (which is from gymnosperm trees).
Arnoux
Arnoux is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alexandre Arnoux, (1884–1973), French screenwriter

Cody Arnoux, American association football player

Elaine Badgley Arnoux (1926–2023), American visual artist

Hippolyte Arnoux (1860–1890), French photographer and publisher

Maurice Arnoux, World War I flying ace credited with five aerial victories

René Arnoux (born 1948), retired French racing driver who is a veteran of 12 Formula One seasons (1978 to 1989)

Shamar Arnoux, American football player

Stanley Arnoux (born 1986), American football linebacker for the New Orleans Saints of the National Football League

Hippolyte Arnoux
Hippolyte Arnoux (French: [ipɔlit aʁnu]; active c. 1860 – c. 1891) was a French photographer and publisher. He was one of the first photographers to produce images of people and places in Ottoman Egypt. He is mainly known for his studio portraits and scenes of life in Egypt, as well as for his album of documentary photographs of the construction of the Suez Canal.

His photographs have been presented in specialized collections and exhibitions in the Middle East, Europe, the US, New Zealand and Australia.
Procas granulicollis
Procas granulicollis (sometimes known as the climbing corydalis weevil) is a beetle in the family Curculionidae, the true weevils. It was first described in 1848 from a specimen collected in Cumbria and has since been found at a number of other sites in Britain, mainly in the west. It was thought to be endemic to the island but is now also known to occur in Spain.

It is about 4-7mm long and black with white bristles giving it a mottled appearance. For many years it was considered to be a variant of the related species Procas armillatus which is very similar.

It is usually found in woodland clearings at sites where its only known foodplant climbing corydalis (Ceratocapnos claviculata) can be found. The larvae have not yet been discovered but may feed inside bracken stems.

Curculionidae
The Curculionidae are a family of weevils, commonly called snout beetles or true weevils. They are one of the largest animal families with 6,800 genera and 83,000 species described worldwide. They are the sister group to the family Brentidae.

They include the bark beetles as the subfamily Scolytinae, which are modified  in shape in accordance with their wood-boring lifestyle. They do not much resemble other weevils, so they were traditionally considered a distinct family, Scolytidae. The family also includes the ambrosia beetles, of which the present-day subfamily Platypodinae was formerly considered the distinct family Platypodidae.
Lord Napier
Lord Napier, of Merchistoun, is a title in the Peerage of Scotland. It was created in 1627 for Sir Archibald Napier, 1st Baronet. Earlier that year, he already held the Napier Baronetcy, of Merchistoun in the County of Midlothian, created in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia. The titles remained united until 1683, when the Baronetcy became dormant. It was revived in the early 19th century and is now held by another branch of the Napier family. Between 1683 and 1686, the Lords of Napier also held the Nicolson Baronetcy, of Carnock in the County of Stirling, and since 1725 the Scott Baronetcy, of Thirlestane in the County of Selkirk, both baronetcies created in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia. The latter is still held today. Additionally, the tenth Lord was created Baron Ettrick, of Ettrick in the County of Selkirk in the Peerage of the United Kingdom on 16 July 1872.

Lord Napier is the hereditary Clan Chief of Clan Napier.

Ettrick, Scotland
Ettrick (Scottish Gaelic: Eadaraig, IPA: [ˈet̪əɾɪkʲ]) is a small village and civil parish in the Scottish Borders area of Scotland. It is located on the B709, around 17 miles (28 km) south-west of the town of Selkirk.
Northern Force (NBL1 South)
Northern Force is an Australian basketball club set to debut in the men's and women's NBL1 South in 2026. The club will split their operations across two northern Tasmanian cities, Launceston and Ulverstone, and will play their home games at Elphin Sports Centre and Ulverstone Sports & Leisure Centre.

Elphin Sports Centre
The Elphin Sports Centre (formerly known as Dowling Street Stadium) is an indoor sporting venue located in Launceston, Tasmania. Construction commenced at the centre in 1964 and was opened in August the following year.

Launceston Casino City played in the National Basketball League (NBL) between 1980 and 1982. During this time, they played their home games at Dowling Street Stadium. Casino City's 1981 championship banner hung on the wall of the old Dowling St courts for many years until being packed up and forgotten about following renovations. In 2009, a public plea was made to help locate the championship banner. The banner was found in a Hobart shed in 2019 and was later unveiled at the Silverdome by the Tasmania JackJumpers in 2023. As of October 2024, the 1981 championship banner was being restored with the intent to display it at the Elphin Sports Centre.
Lester DeKoster
Lester Ronald DeKoster (21 April 1915 – 19 April 2009) was an American librarian, educator, editor and author affiliated with the Christian Reformed Church of North America (CRC) and Calvin College in Grand Rapids, Michigan.

Christian Reformed Church in North America
The Christian Reformed Church in North America (CRCNA or CRC) is a Protestant Calvinist Christian denomination in the United States and Canada. Having roots in the Dutch Reformed Church of the Netherlands, the Christian Reformed Church was founded by Dutch immigrants in 1857 and is theologically Calvinist.
Earl Burns Miller Japanese Garden
The Earl Burns Miller Japanese Garden is a Japanese garden encompassing 1.3 acres (0.53 ha) on the campus of California State University, Long Beach, in Long Beach, California, United States. It was dedicated in 1981. Ed Lovell, landscape master plan architect for the university, traveled to Japan and took inspiration from the Imperial Gardens in Tokyo before designing the garden.  Among the annual events held at the Japanese garden is a Koi auction and a chrysanthemum show.

It is adjacent to the village site of Puvunga. In the trenching for the garden, evidence of the ancient Tongva village was uncovered in the early 1970s.

The garden is closed on Saturdays (when it is often rented out for weddings and receptions) and Mondays.

Trencher (machine)
A trencher is a piece of construction equipment used to dig trenches, especially for laying pipes or electrical cables, for installing drainage, or in preparation for trench warfare. Trenchers may range in size from walk-behind models, to attachments for a skid loader or tractor, to very heavy tracked heavy equipment.
Michael Ross (screenwriter)
Michael Ross (born Isadore Rovinsky) (August 4, 1919 – May 26, 2009) was an American screenwriter and television producer. Ross, together with writing partners Don Nicholl and Bernard West, were writers/producers for All in the Family (for which Ross won the 1973 Emmy Award for Writing for a Comedy Series), The Jeffersons, The Dumplings, and Three's Company. Ross and West continued as executive producers of Three's Company after the death of partner Nicholl in 1980, also producing the spin-off shows The Ropers and Three's a Crowd.

Three's a Crowd
Three's a Crowd (also known as Three's Company, Too in the Three's Company syndication package) is an American sitcom television series produced as a spin-off sequel and continuation of Three's Company that aired on ABC from September 25, 1984 (one week after the final episode of Three's Company was broadcast), until April 9, 1985, with reruns airing until September 10, 1985. It is loosely based on the British sitcom Robin's Nest, which was itself a spin-off of Man About the House, on which Three's Company was based.
Jordin Sparks (album)
Jordin Sparks is the debut studio album by American singer Jordin Sparks. It was first released on November 20, 2007, by Jive. In the United States, it debuted at number ten on the Billboard 200 with sales of 119,000 copies in the first week. It contains four top twenty singles, with "Tattoo" reaching number eight on the US Billboard Hot 100, and "No Air" reaching number three. The album has sold over 3 million copies worldwide and is her best-selling album. Sparks supported the album with the As I Am Tour and Jesse & Jordin LIVE Tour. The album was certified Platinum for sales in excess of 1,000,000 by the RIAA in the US on December 12, 2008.

As I Am Tour
The As I Am Tour was the third worldwide concert tour by American singer-songwriter Alicia Keys, in support of her third studio album, As I Am (2007). According to Pollstar, Alicia Keys' As i Am Tour grossed $32 million worldwide in 2008/2009, with 55 shows.
Jeanne Tordeus
Jeanne Tordeus (24 December 1842 – 6 January 1911) was a Belgian stage actress. She was the first Belgian actor active at the Comédie-Française in Paris, from 1864 to 1870. From 1872 to 1909, she was active as a professor at the conservatory in Brussels. She founded the prize for declamation which bears her name: prix Jeanne Tordeus-Adeline Dudlay (1910).

Comédie-Française
The Comédie-Française (French: [kɔmedi fʁɑ̃sɛːz] ⓘ), or Théâtre-Français (French: [teɑtʁ(ə) fʁɑ̃sɛ] ⓘ), is a state theatre in France. Founded in 1680, it is the oldest active theatre company in the world. Established as a French state-controlled entity in 1995, it is one of the few in the nation and the only to have its own permanent troupe of actors. The company's primary venue is the Salle Richelieu, a part of the Palais-Royal complex located at 2 Rue de Richelieu on Place André-Malraux in the 1st arrondissement of Paris.

The theatre has also been known as the Théâtre de la République, and popularly as "La Maison de Molière" (The House of Molière). It acquired the latter name from the troupe of its best-known playwright, Molière, considered the patron of French actors. He died seven years before his troupe became known as the Comédie-Française, but the company continued to be known as "La Maison de Molière" even after the official change of name.
Medina-Sidonia
Medina Sidonia is a city and municipality in the province of Cádiz in the autonomous community of Andalusia, southern Spain. Considered by some to be the oldest city in Europe, it is used as a military defence location because of its elevation.

Medina-Sidonia, one of Spain's most important ducal seats in the 15th century, produced an admiral, Alonso Pérez de Guzmán, 7th Duke of Medina Sidonia, who led the Spanish Armada against England in 1588. The title of Duque de Medina Sidonia was bestowed upon the family of Guzmán El Bueno for his valiant role in taking the town. The line continues and was led until March 2008 by the controversial socialist Luisa Isabel Álvarez de Toledo, 21st Duchess of Medina Sidonia (born 1936).

Luisa Isabel Álvarez de Toledo, 21st Duchess of Medina Sidonia
Luisa Isabel Álvarez de Toledo y Maura, 21st Duchess of Medina Sidonia, GE (21 August 1936 – 7 March 2008) was the holder of the Dukedom of Medina Sidonia in Spain. She was nicknamed La Duquesa Roja or The Red Duchess due to her lifelong left-wing, anti-Francoist, pro-democracy political activism.

She was the 21st Duchess of the ducal family of Medina-Sidonia, one of the most prestigious noble families and Grandees of Spain. She was also the 15th Duchess of Fernandina and Princess of Montalbán, 17th Marchioness of Villafranca del Bierzo, 18th Marchioness of los Vélez, 25th Countess of Niebla, and three times a Grandee of Spain.
Katlego Ncala
Katlego Ncala is a South African television personality, entrepreneur and model. Katlego Ncala is the first South African to be crowned Miss Teen World. She is South Africa's director of Miss International and Miss Teenager South Africa.

Miss International
Miss International (Miss International Beauty or The International Beauty Pageant) is a Japan-based international major beauty pageant organized by the International Culture Association. First held in 1960, it is the fourth largest pageant in the world in terms of the number of national winners participating in the international contest.

Along with Miss World, Miss Universe, and Miss Earth, the pageant is one of the Big Four beauty pageants. The Miss International Organization and the brand are currently owned (since 1968), along with Miss International Japan, by the International Cultural Association and Miss Paris Group. The pageant crown used by the organization is supplied and patented by the Mikimoto pearl company.

In 2020 and again in 2021, the pageant was canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

The current Miss International is Catalina Duque of Colombia, who was crowned on 27 November 2025 in Tokyo, Japan.
Law of dilution
Wilhelm Ostwald’s dilution law is a relationship proposed in 1888 between the dissociation constant Kd and the degree of dissociation α of a weak electrolyte. The law takes the form

Where the square brackets denote concentration, and c0 is the total concentration of electrolyte.

Using , where  is the molar conductivity at concentration c and  is the limiting value of molar conductivity extrapolated to zero concentration or infinite dilution, this results in the following relation:

Dissociation (chemistry)
Dissociation in chemistry is a general process in which molecules (or ionic compounds such as salts, or complexes) separate or split into other things such as atoms, ions, or radicals, usually in a reversible manner. For instance, when an acid dissolves in water, a covalent bond between an electronegative atom and a hydrogen atom is broken by heterolytic fission, which gives a proton (H+) and a negative ion. Dissociation is the opposite of association or recombination.
Brian Bye
Brian Eldon Bye (born June 27, 1954) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player who played in the World Hockey Association (WHA). Drafted in the eighteenth round of the 1974 NHL amateur draft by the New York Islanders, Bye opted to play in the WHA after being selected by the San Diego Mariners in the ninth round of the 1974 WHA Amateur Draft. He played in one game for the Mariners during the 1975–76 WHA season.

San Diego Mariners
The San Diego Mariners were a professional ice hockey team based in San Diego, California, that competed in the World Hockey Association (WHA). The team played its home games at the San Diego Sports Arena. Previous to being in San Diego, the team was known as the New York Raiders, New York Golden Blades, and the Jersey Knights. After folding in 1977, San Diego Mariners' name was adopted by an unrelated franchise in the low-level, minor professional Pacific Hockey League (PHL).
Hamiltonian constraint
The Hamiltonian constraint arises from any theory that admits a Hamiltonian formulation and is reparametrisation-invariant. The Hamiltonian constraint of general relativity is an important non-trivial example.

In the context of general relativity, the Hamiltonian constraint technically refers to a linear combination of spatial and time diffeomorphism constraints reflecting the reparametrizability of the theory under both spatial as well as time coordinates. However, most of the time the term Hamiltonian constraint is reserved for the constraint that generates time diffeomorphisms.

Diffeomorphism
In mathematics, a diffeomorphism is an isomorphism of differentiable manifolds. It is an invertible function that maps one differentiable manifold to another such that both the function and its inverse are continuously differentiable.
Halifax Water
The Halifax Regional Water Commission (HRWC), publicly known as Halifax Water, is the municipal water, wastewater and stormwater utility serving the residents of the Halifax Regional Municipality (HRM), pursuant to the Public Utilities Act. An autonomous, self-financed utility, Halifax Water is a fully metered water utility providing water, fire protection, wastewater and stormwater services as regulated by the Nova Scotia Utility and Review Board.

Wastewater
Wastewater (or waste water) is water generated after the use of drinking water, fresh water, raw water, or saline water in a variety of deliberate applications or processes.: 1  Another definition of wastewater is "Used water from any combination of domestic, industrial, commercial or agricultural activities, surface runoff / storm water, and any sewer infiltration or sewer inflow".: 175  In everyday usage, wastewater is commonly a synonym for sewage (also called domestic wastewater or municipal wastewater), which is wastewater that is produced by a community of people.
Ellen Kuras
Ellen Kuras (born July 10, 1959) is an American cinematographer, known for documentary and narrative film, as well as music videos and commercials, both from studio and independent media.

In 2008, she released her directorial debut, The Betrayal (Nerakhoon), which was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature.

Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature Film
The Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature Film is an award for documentary films. In 1941, the first awards for feature-length documentaries were bestowed as Special Awards to Kukan and Target for Tonight. They have since been bestowed competitively each year, with the exception of 1946. Copies of every winning film (along with copies of most nominees) are held by the Academy Film Archive.
Gilbert White (painter)
Thomas Gilbert White (July 18, 1877 – February 17, 1939) was an American painter, now best remembered for his murals. His brothers Stewart Edward White and Roderick White also achieved acclaim, as author and violinist, respectively.

White was born in Grand Haven, Michigan, and died in Paris. He studied at Columbia University and the Art Students League of New York, and at the Académie Julian and the Académie des Beaux-Arts in Paris with James McNeill Whistler. His work graces the state capitols of Kentucky, Oklahoma, and Utah; the County Courthouse in New Haven, Connecticut and Gadsden, Alabama; and the Pan American Union Building in Washington, D.C. He received numerous awards, among them the Commander de la Legion d’Honneur, Officier de l’Académie française, and the Order of the Purple Heart.

Académie des Beaux-Arts
The Académie des Beaux-Arts (French pronunciation: [akademi de boz‿aʁ]; lit. 'Academy of Fine Arts') is a French learned society based in Paris. It is one of the five academies of the Institut de France. As of 2025, the president of the academy is Coline Serreau, a French actress and film director.
Dragan Šakota
Dragan Šakota (Serbian Cyrillic: Драган Шакота, Greek: Ντράγκαν Σάκοτα; born June 16, 1952) is a Serbian and Greek professional basketball coach, currently coaching AEK Athens of the Greek Basketball League (GBL).

KK Cibona
Košarkaški klub Cibona, commonly referred to as Cibona Zagreb or simply Cibona, is a men's professional basketball club based in Zagreb, Croatia. The club is a founding member and shareholder of the Adriatic Basketball Association, and competes in the Croatian League.
Tommy MacVinish
Thomas Ross MacVinish (1 January 1921 – 19 September 1965) was a Scottish footballer who played as an outside left in the Scottish League for Hamilton Academical, Greenock Morton and St Johnstone and in the English Football League for Darlington. He began his senior career with Inverness Caledonian, and was on the books of Preston North End without playing League football for them.

While still playing for Morton, MacVinish lived and trained at Aberdeen, where he kept a grocer's shop.

Greenock Morton F.C.
Greenock Morton Football Club is a Scottish professional football club, which plays in the Scottish Championship. The club was founded as Morton Football Club in 1874, making it one of the oldest Scottish clubs. Morton was renamed Greenock Morton in 1994 to celebrate the links with its home town of Greenock.

Morton won the Scottish Cup in 1922, and achieved its highest league finish in 1916–17, as runners-up to champions Celtic. Morton holds the record for the most promotions to and relegations from the top flight (10 promotions and 10 relegations), but has not competed in the top flight of the Scottish football league system since 1988. In 2014–15, Morton won its tenth league title in all divisions by winning the Scottish League One championship on the final day.