hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Carl David Anderson
Carl David Anderson (September 3, 1905 – January 11, 1991) was an American experimental physicist who shared the 1936 Nobel Prize in Physics with Victor Hess for his discovery of the positron, which confirmed the existence of antimatter.

Experimental physics
Experimental physics is the category of disciplines and sub-disciplines in the field of physics that are concerned with the observation of physical phenomena and experiments. Methods vary from discipline to discipline, from simple experiments and observations, such as experiments by Galileo Galilei, to more complicated ones, such as the Large Hadron Collider.
Sharafuddin Taqi
Maulvi Sharafuddin Taqi (Pashto: مولوي شرف الدین تقي) is an Afghan Taliban politician, commander and Islamic scholar who is serving as Acting Deputy Minister of Disaster Management of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan since 23 November 2021. He is also serving as commander of the 215 Azam Corps of the Islamic Emirate Army since 4 October 2021.

Mawlawi (Islamic title)
Mawlawi (Arabic: مولوي, romanized: Mawlawī) is an Islamic religious title given to Muslim religious scholars, or ulama, preceding their names, similar to the titles Mawlānā, Mullah, or Sheikh. Mawlawi generally means a highly qualified Islamic scholar, usually one who has completed full studies in a madrasa (Islamic school) or darul uloom (Islamic seminary). It is commonly used in Iran, Central Asia, South Asia, South East Asia and East Africa. The word Mawlawi is derived from the Arabic word mawla, which has several meanings, including "lord".

Turkish Mawlawi fraternity of Sufis (Muslim mystics) was founded in Konya (Qonya), Anatolia, by the Persian Sufi poet Jalal ad-Din ar-Rumi (d. 1273), whose popular title mawlana (Arabic for "our master") gave the order its name. The order, propagated throughout Anatolia, controlled Konya and environs by the 15th century and in the 17th century appeared in Istanbul.
Maickel Melamed
Michael Melamed (born 27 April 1975 in Caracas) is a Venezuelan long-distance runner, motivational speaker, financing coach, teacher in philosophy and physiotherapist. Despite being physically disabled from low muscle tone, he has completed the New York City Marathon, Berlin Marathon, Chicago Marathon and the Boston Marathon. Melamed has also climbed Venezuela's highest mountain, Pico Bolívar. As a consequence of complicated delivery due to nuchal cord, Melamed has generalized muscle hypotonia.

Melamed is an economist graduated from Caracas' Universidad Católica Andrés Bello, a Gestalt Psychotherapist and in 2012 received an honorary degree from Valencia's Universidad Tecnológica del Centro.

Gestalt psychology
Gestalt psychology, gestaltism, or configurationism  is a school of psychology and a theory of perception that emphasizes the processing of entire patterns and configurations, and not merely individual components. It emerged in the early twentieth century in Germany and Austria as a rejection of basic principles of Wilhelm Wundt's and Edward Titchener's elementalist and structuralist psychology.

Gestalt psychology is often associated with the adage, "The whole is greater than the sum of its parts". In Gestalt theory, information is perceived as wholes rather than disparate parts which are then processed summatively. As used in Gestalt psychology, the German word Gestalt (/ɡəˈʃtælt, -ˈʃtɑːlt/ gə-SHTA(H)LT, German: [ɡəˈʃtalt] ⓘ; meaning "form") is interpreted as "pattern" or "configuration".

It differs from Gestalt therapy, which is only peripherally linked to Gestalt psychology.
Augustenburger Briefe
The Augustenburger Briefen (Augustenburg Letters) are a collection of letters on aesthetics written by Friedrich Schiller in 1793 to Friedrich Christian von Augustenburg. They represent an early draft of Über die ästhetische Erziehung des Menschen in einer Reihe von Briefen ("Letters on the aesthetic education of man") but were believed lost in a fire. They were only published, on the basis of surviving copies, in 1875.

Frederick Christian II, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg
Frederick Christian II, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg (28 September 1765 – 14 June 1814) was a Danish prince and feudal magnate. He held the island of Als and some other castles (such as Sønderborg) in Schleswig.
Haft Piran
Haft Piran (Persian: هفت پيران, also Romanized as Haft Pīrān; also known as Haft Pīr) is a village in Poshtkuh Rural District, in the Central District of Ardal County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 123, in 26 families. The village is populated by Lurs.

Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province
Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province (Persian: استان چهارمحال و بختیاری) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its capital is the city of Shahr-e Kord. The province lies in the southwest of the country, with an area of 16,332 square kilometers.

The province was classified as part of Region 2 upon the division of the provinces into 5 regions solely for coordination and development purposes on June 22, 2014.

Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province lies in the heart of the Zagros Mountains, a mountain range that stretches across north-western Iran and forms a natural barrier between Iran and Iraq.
Libertarian authoritarianism
Libertarian authoritarianism, or libertarian-authoritarian, is term used to describe a political spectrum and dimension that spans libertarianism, which values freedom, and authoritarianism, which rejects political pluralism. In the 2010s and 2020s, it has been used to describe a dichotomy, political theory, and political formation that merges aspects of both right-libertarianism and authoritarianism. The spectrum is recognized in British politics, and the theory considers American and European politics.

Freedom
Freedom is the power or right to speak, act, and change as one wants without hindrance or restraint. Freedom is often associated with liberty and autonomy in the sense of "giving oneself one's own laws".

In one definition, something is "free" if it can change and is not constrained in its present state. Physicists and chemists use the word in this sense. In its origin, the English word "freedom" relates etymologically to the word "friend". Philosophy and religion sometimes associate it with free will, as an alternative to determinism or predestination.

In modern liberal nations, freedom is considered a right, especially freedom of speech, freedom of religion, and freedom of the press.
Camastra
Camastra is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Agrigento in the Italian region Sicily, located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) southeast of Palermo and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) southeast of Agrigento. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 2,133 and an area of 16.3 square kilometres (6.3 sq mi).

Camastra borders the following municipalities: Licata, Naro, Palma di Montechiaro.

The municipality contains the ruins of the Castellazzo di Camastra.

Province of Agrigento
The province of Agrigento (Italian: provincia di Agrigento; Sicilian: pruvincia di Girgenti) was a province in the autonomous island region of Sicily in Italy, situated on its south-western coast. Following the suppression of the Sicilian provinces, it was replaced in 2015 by the Free Municipal Consortium of Agrigento (Italian: libero consorzio comunale di Agrigento). As of 2025, the area has a population of 408,059 in an area of 3,052.59 square kilometres (1,178.61 sq mi) across its 43 municipalities (comuni).
1940 Republican Party presidential primaries
From March 12 to May 17, 1940, voters of the Republican Party chose delegates to nominate a candidate for president at the 1940 Republican National Convention. The nominee was selected at the convention in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania from June 24–28, 1940.

The primaries were contested mainly by Manhattan District Attorney Thomas E. Dewey and Senators Robert A. Taft and Arthur Vandenberg, though only a few states' primaries featured two or more of these men.

By the start of the convention, only 300 of the 1,000 convention delegates had been pledged to a candidate, far fewer than was necessary to determine a victor. Estimates of delegate loyalty placed Dewey first, Taft second, and Wendell Willkie, an internationalist businessman, third. Late momentum following the escalation of World War II allowed Willkie to take the nomination on the sixth ballot at the convention.

Arthur Capper
Arthur Capper (July 14, 1865 – December 19, 1951) was an American politician from Kansas. He was the 20th governor of Kansas (the first to have been born in the state) from 1915 to 1919 and a United States senator from 1919 to 1949. He also owned a radio station (WIBW in Topeka), and was the publisher of a newspaper, the Topeka Daily Capital.
Sándor Szalay (physicist)
Sándor Szalay, Sr. (4 October 1909 – 11 October 1987) was a pioneer of Hungarian nuclear physics.

He discovered a natural mechanism for uranium enrichment, which led to the discovery of several uranium deposits including an enriched deposit in the Mecsek Mountains of Hungary. In 1955 he collaborated with Gyula Csikai to discover the neutrino, a weakly interactive particle. In a photograph of a cloud chamber, they found a nucleus changing direction, which they interpreted as the emission of a neutrino. (The antineutrino was detected by Frederick Reines and Clyde Cowan in 1953, a discovery for which Reines was awarded the 1995 Nobel Prize in Physics.) Szalay also founded the Institute of Nuclear Research, a branch of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. He is considered the father of Hungarian nuclear physics.

Clyde Cowan
Clyde Lorrain Cowan Jr (December 6, 1919 – May 24, 1974) was an American physicist and the co-discoverer of the neutrino along with Frederick Reines. The discovery was made in 1956 in the neutrino experiment. Reines received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1995.
Corruption (1983 film)
Corruption is a 1983 American pornographic film written and directed by Roger Watkins under the pseudonym of Richard Mahler. The film, a loose adaptation of Richard Wagner's Das Rheingold, is about a group of shady businessmen seeking a mysterious briefcase which offers its owner untold power, on the condition that the owner renounce love.

Roger Watkins
Roger Michael Watkins (September 17, 1948 – March 6, 2007) was an American filmmaker best known for the 1970s grindhouse movie Last House on Dead End Street. He also directed several adult films, working with pornographic actors such as Jamie Gillis, Vanessa del Rio, and Samantha Fox.

The Internet Movie Database lists a number of Watkins' aliases (see the information box at right), most of which seem to have been used in Last House on Dead End Street to conceal the fact that he worked in several capacities on that film (director, actor, writer, editor, and producer).
Mr. Prokharchin
"Mr. Prokharchin" (Russian: Господин Прохарчин, Gospodin Prokharchin), also translated as "Mr. Prohartchin", is a short story written in 1846 by Fyodor Dostoevsky and first published in the Annals of the Fatherland. Inspired by a true story, it depicts the miserly life of the protagonist, Mr. Prokharchin, a patronym derived from the Russian word for 'grub' or 'vittles', kharchi. He seems to be extremely poor, eating frugal meals and sleeping on a mattress directly on the floor. His landlady and the other tenants feel sorry for him. On his death, they eventually discover that the man was in fact wealthy and was living in that way voluntarily. A large sum of money is found hidden inside his mattress.

In his review of the short story, Lantz comments that "'Mr. Prokharchin's dreams, in which the accumulation of money figures prominently, express his anxiety about his sense of self and his guilt over the selfishness that has isolated him from other human beings."

Frugality
Frugality is the quality of being frugal, sparing, thrifty, prudent, or economical in the consumption of resources, whether they be food, time, or money. It involves the avoidance of waste, extravagance, and lavishness.

In behavioral science, frugality has been defined as the tendency to acquire goods and services in a restrained manner, and resourceful use of already-owned economic goods and services, to achieve a longer term goal.
Ian Grist
Ian Grist (5 December 1938 – 2 January 2002) was a British Conservative politician.

Grist was Member of Parliament (MP) for Cardiff North from February 1974 to 1983, and for Cardiff Central from 1983 until 1992. He also served as a Minister in the Wales Office between June 1987 and November 1990.

Wales Office
The Wales Office (Welsh: Swyddfa Cymru), known as the Office of the Secretary of State for Wales (Welsh: Swyddfa Ysgrifennydd Gwladol Cymru) between 2017 and 2024, is a department of His Majesty's Government. It replaced the former Welsh Office, which had extensive responsibility for governing Wales prior to Welsh devolution in 1999.
Oman national under-17 football team
The Oman national under-17 football team is the under 17 football team of Oman and is controlled by the Oman Football Association.

Their team got fourth place at the first FIFA U-17 World Cup they participated in at the 1995 FIFA U-17 World Championship, losing 2–0 in the 3rd place playoff to Argentina.

Argentina national under-17 football team
The Argentina national U-17 football team is the representative of Argentina within all FIFA-sponsored tournaments that pertain to that age level.

Argentina has participated in 16 of the 20 FIFA U-17 World Cups, finishing in third place three times and fourth place twice. Argentina has also won the South American Under-17 Football Championship four times.

Many of Argentina's top players came through the ranks of the U-17 teams, including Emiliano Martínez, Fernando Redondo, Nestor Fabbri, Roberto Bonano, Juan Sebastián Verón, Roberto Abbondanzieri, Franco Costanzo, Leonardo Biagini, Luciano Galletti, Marcelo Gallardo, Esteban Cambiasso, Gabriel Milito, Ezequiel González, Aldo Duscher, Lucas Biglia, Eduardo Salvio, Maxi López, Rodolfo Arruabarrena, Javier Mascherano and Carlos Tevez.
Stadion am Löschenhofweg
Stadion am Löschenhofweg, also known as Stadion im Covestro Sportpark and Bayer Sportstadion, is a football stadium with an athletics facility in the Uerdingen district of Krefeld, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Located within the Covestro sports park, it is owned and used by the Sportclub Krefeld 05 multi-sport club.

Adjacent to the stadium, and also within the sports park, is the Bayer Uerdingen Cricket Ground, part of Germany's national cricket performance centre, a joint venture between SC Bayer 05 Uerdingen and the German Cricket Federation.

Uerdingen
Uerdingen (German pronunciation: [ˈyːɐ̯dɪŋən]) is a district of the city of Krefeld, Germany, with a population of 17,888 (2019). Originally a separate city in its own right, Uerdingen merged with the city of Krefeld in 1929.  Today, Uerdingen is best known for a local distillery and a railcar factory, and is the eponym of the Uerdingen line.
Martin Dubreuil
Martin Dubreuil (born May 26, 1972) is a Canadian actor and musician from Quebec. He is most noted for his performance in the film For Those Who Don't Read Me (À tous ceux qui ne me lisent pas), for which he won the Prix Iris for Best Actor at the 21st Quebec Cinema Awards in 2019.

He has been a two-time Genie Award and Canadian Screen Award nominee, receiving nods for Best Supporting Actor at the 31st Genie Awards for 10½ and Best Actor at the 7th Canadian Screen Awards in 2019 for The Great Darkened Days (La grande noirceur), and a three-time Jutra/Iris nominee for Best Supporting Actor, with nods at the 13th Jutra Awards in 2011 for 7 Days (Les 7 Jours du Talion), the 19th Quebec Cinema Awards in 2017 for Shambles (Maudite poutine), and the 24th Quebec Cinema Awards in 2022 for Maria Chapdelaine.

As a musician he was a member of the band Les Breastfeeders, in which he used the stage name "Johnny Maldoror".

7th Canadian Screen Awards
The 7th Canadian Screen Awards were presented by the Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television on March 31, 2019, to honour achievements in Canadian film, television, and digital media production in 2018.

Nominations were announced by the Academy on February 7, 2019. Early coverage of the nominations highlighted the fact that the Best Picture category consisted entirely of French-language films from Quebec, with not a single English-language film named in the category. This was also the first year that the ceremony did not have a host.
One More Song (song)
"One More Song" is a song by European-American pop group The Kelly Family and was written by Paddy Kelly. It was produced by Kathy and Paddy Kelly for their eleventh studio album Growin' Up (1997) and features lead vocals by Paddy Kelly. The song served as the second album's single. The single includes two bonus tracks. First the song "Say That You Love Me", written and sung by Maite Kelly. The song was released later on the album The Bonus-Tracks Album in 1999. And second the song "Leave It to the Spirits", written and sung by Barby and Jimmy Kelly.

Michael Patrick Kelly
Michael Patrick Kelly (born December 5, 1977) is an Irish-American singer, musician and composer. Kelly was born in Dublin. He was a member of the pop and folk band The Kelly Family, one of the most commercially successful acts in Europe, with over 20 million records sold since the mid-1990s. After years in the public eye, Kelly released his debut solo album In Exile and shortly thereafter retired to a monastery in France. After six years he returned to the music business in 2011. Kelly currently resides in Germany. In addition to his career as a singer, he served as a coach on the eighth season of The Voice of Germany. He won the show with his artist Samuel Rösch. He also served as a coach on the second season of the German version of The Voice Senior and will serve as a coach for the fourteenth season of The Voice Kids.
Greg McMillan
Greg McMillan (born 11 July 1938) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played for the South Sydney Rabbitohs.

McMillan, a winger from Lithgow, represented the NSW Country Firsts in 1962. He transferred to South Sydney during the 1962 NSWRFL season and played first-grade until 1965, during which time he was the club's goal-kicker.

Since the 1970s, he has lived in the Albury-Wodonga region.

Lithgow, New South Wales
Lithgow is a city in the Central Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia and is the administrative centre of the City of Lithgow local government area. It is located in a mountain valley named Lithgow's Valley by John Oxley in honour of William Lithgow, the Auditor-General of the colony of New South Wales.

Lithgow is on the Great Western Highway, about 150 km (95 mi) west of Sydney, or via the old mountain route, Bells Line of Road, from Windsor. At June 2021 Lithgow had an urban population of 11,197.
Lithgow is surrounded by a varied landscape characterised by seven valleys which include national parks, one of which, the Blue Mountains National Park, is a World Heritage Area. The Wollemi National Park is home to the Jurassic-age tree the Wollemi Pine, which was found growing in a remote canyon in the park.
Meløyvær Fortress
Meløyvær fortress is a coastal fortress in Norway on Krøttøya in Troms. The construction was of strategic importance to NATO and northern Norway's role during the Cold War. Meløyvær fortress was the last of the fortresses with the 120 mm Bofors guns to be built in Norway. It is a complete construction, authentic and in good condition.

Troms
Troms (Norwegian: [trʊms] ⓘ; Northern Sami: Romsa; Kven: Tromssa; Finnish: Tromssa) is a  county in northern Norway. It borders Finnmark county to the northeast and Nordland county in the southwest. Norrbotten Län in Sweden is located to the south and further southeast is a shorter border with Lapland Province in Finland. To the west is the Norwegian Sea (Atlantic Ocean). The county had a population of 169,610 in 2024.

The entire county, which was established in 1866, is located north of the Arctic Circle. The Troms County Municipality is the governing body for the county, elected by the people of Troms, while the Troms county governor is a representative of the King and Government of Norway.

From January 2020 to December 2023, Troms was merged with the neighboring Finnmark county to create the new Troms og Finnmark county. This merger was reversed by the government resulting from the 2021 Norwegian parliamentary election.
Sandy Beach, Saskatchewan
Sandy Beach (2006 population: 48) is a former resort village in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within Census Division No. 6. It is now part of the District of Katepwa. Sandy Beach is on the eastern shore of Katepwa Lake in the Rural Municipality of Abernethy No. 186, approximately 13 km (8.1 mi) south-east of the town of Fort Qu'Appelle on Highway 56.

Saskatchewan Highway 56
Highway 56 is a provincial highway in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. The highway runs from Highway 1 near Indian Head to Highway 210 within Echo Valley Provincial Park. It is about 55 kilometres (34 mi) long.

Highway 56 travels along the eastern shore of Katepwa Lake and the northern shores of Mission and Echo Lakes of the Fishing Lakes.
FK Radnički Lukavac
Fudbalski klub Radnički Lukavac is a professional association football club from the city of Lukavac that is situated in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Radnički currently competes in the Second League of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and plays its home matches at the Jošik Stadium, which has a capacity of 3,000 seats.

First League of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
The First League of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Croatian: Prva liga Federacije Bosne i Hercegovine; Serbian: Прва лига Федерације Босне и Херцеговине), officially known as the WWin First League of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina for sponsorship purposes, is a football league in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Together with the First League of the Republika Srpska, it forms the second level of football in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The league consists of 14 teams. Each team plays a total of 26 games during the course of a regular season, twice each team (once at home and once away). The league champion is promoted to the Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Relegated teams fall to the Second League of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The number of relegated clubs depends on how many teams will enter the competition the following seasons which is decided seasonally by the Football Association. Depending on the outcome, two to three teams can be relegated.
V. Vijayendra Prasad
Koduri Viswa Vijayendra Prasad (born 27 May 1942) is an Indian screenwriter and film director who predominantly works in Telugu cinema. With a career spanning across nearly three decades, his filmography consists of over 25 films as a screenwriter. He is considered to be one of the most successful screenwriter of Indian cinema. He has frequently collaborated with his son, director S. S. Rajamouli, to deliver some of the highest-grossing Indian films of all time.

His notable work as a writer includes films like Bobbili Simham (1994), Magadheera (2009), Eega (2012), Baahubali duology (2015–2017), Bajrangi Bhaijaan (2015) and RRR (2022). In 2011, he has directed Rajanna, for which he won the Nandi Award for Best Feature Film. In 2016, he won the Filmfare Award for Best Story for Bajrangi Bhaijaan.

On 6 July 2022, President of India Ram Nath Kovind nominated him as a member of Rajya Sabha, the upper house of Indian Parliament.

Upper house
An upper house is one of two chambers of a bicameral legislature, the other chamber being the lower house. The house formally designated as the upper house is usually smaller and often has more restricted power than the lower house. A legislature composed of only one house (and which therefore has neither an upper house nor a lower house) is described as unicameral.