hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alabama Great Southern Railroad
The Alabama Great Southern Railroad (reporting mark AGS) is a railroad in the U.S. states of Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Tennessee. It is an operating subsidiary of the Norfolk Southern Corporation (NS), running southwest from Chattanooga (where it connects with the similarly owned Cincinnati, New Orleans and Texas Pacific Railway) to New Orleans through Birmingham and Meridian. The AGS also owns about a 30% interest in the Canadian Pacific Kansas City-controlled Meridian-Shreveport Meridian Speedway.

In 1970 AGS reported 3854 million net ton-miles (5627 million net tonne-kilometers) of revenue freight and 105 million passenger miles (169 million passenger kilometers); at the end of that year it operated 528 miles (850 km) of road and 1,084 miles (1,745 km) of track. (Those totals do not include Class II subsidiary Louisiana Southern.)

Reporting mark
A reporting mark is a code used to identify owners or lessees of rolling stock and other equipment used on certain rail transport networks.  The code typically reflects the name or identifying number of the owner, lessee, or operator of the equipment, similar to IATA airline designators.

In North America, the mark, which consists of an alphabetic code of two to four letters, is stenciled on each piece of equipment, along with a one- to six-digit number. This information is used to uniquely identify every such rail car or locomotive, thus allowing it to be tracked by the railroad it is traveling over, which shares the information with other railroads and customers.  In multinational registries, a code indicating the home country may also be included.
Conestee, South Carolina
Conestee is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Greenville County, South Carolina, United States. It was first listed as a CDP in the 2020 census with a population of 904.

Conestee's main attraction is Lake Conestee Nature Park. The community is bordered by the city of Greenville to the north, Mauldin to the east and Gantt to the west.

Conestee Mill and McBee Methodist Church are listed on the National Register of Historic Places and located in Conestee.

Mauldin, South Carolina
Mauldin is a city in Greenville County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 24,724 at the 2020 census, making it the 19th-most populous city in South Carolina. It is located in the Greenville-Anderson-Greer, SC Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Armand-Numa Jautard
Armand-Numa Jautard was a 19th-century French playwright and chansonnier who died after 1872.

His plays were performed on the most important Parisian stages of the 19th century: Théâtre des Folies-Dramatiques, Théâtre de l'Odéon, Théâtre du Palais-Royal, Théâtre des Variétés etc.

Chansonnier (singer)
A chansonnier (French pronunciation: [ʃɑ̃sɔnje]; female: chansonnière, [ʃɑ̃sɔnjɛʁ]) was a poet songwriter, a solitary singer, who sang their own songs (chansons) with a guitar, prominent in francophone countries during the 1960s and 1970s. Unlike popular singers, chansonniers need no artifice to sing their soul poetry. They performed in "Les Boites à Chansons" which flourished during those years. The themes of their songs varied but included nature, love, simplicity and a social interest to improve their world.
Ralph Votrian
Ralph Votrian (May 16, 1934 – February 7, 2017) was an American film, television and voice actor.

Votrian was born in Chicago, Illinois. As a child, Votrian performed on old-time radio programs. He graduated from John Burroughs High School in Burbank, California, and served in the United States Marine Corps.

He appeared in the films Stalk of the Celery Monster, Girls in the Night, The Bold and the Brave, Until They Sail, The Happy Years, Screaming Eagles, The Young Guns and Pillars of the Sky.

Votrian guest-starred in television programs including The Twilight Zone, Johnny Ringo, Black Saddle, Dr. Hudson's Secret Journal, The Tall Man, Rescue 8 and Rawhide. He provided additional voices for television programs such as El-Hazard, As Told by Ginger, Masked Rider (as King Lexian) Rave Master and Gatchaman (OVA), and was the narrator for Reign: The Conqueror.

Votrian died on February 7, 2017, in Burbank, California, at the age of 82.

Pillars of the Sky
Pillars of the Sky is a 1956 American CinemaScope Western film directed by George Marshall and starring Jeff Chandler, Dorothy Malone and Ward Bond. It was produced and distributed by Universal Pictures.
Morganite (gem)
Morganite is an orange or pink variety of beryl and is also a gemstone. Morganite is mined in Brazil, Afghanistan, Mozambique, Namibia, the United States, and Madagascar.

Morganite has grown in popularity since 2010. Brides and CNN have listed it as a possible alternative to diamond for engagement rings.

It mostly occurs in association with minerals like: albite, cleavelandite, quartz, aquamarine, elbaite, lepidolite, schorl, tourmaline and muscovite.

Brides (magazine)
Brides (stylized in all caps) is an American website published by Dotdash Meredith, who purchased the title in 2019. Originally a magazine, Brides is now an online-only publication, with quarterly digital issues.

As with many similar bridal magazines, it was designed to be an in-depth resource for brides-to-be, with many photographs and articles on wedding dresses, cakes, ceremonies, receptions, and honeymoons.
Tea leaf paradox
In fluid dynamics, the tea leaf paradox is a phenomenon where tea leaves in a cup of tea migrate to the center and bottom of the cup after being stirred rather than being forced to the edges of the cup, as would be expected in a spiral centrifuge.

The correct physical explanation of the paradox was for the first time given by James Thomson in 1857. He correctly connected the appearance of secondary flow (both Earth atmosphere and tea cup) with "friction on the bottom". The formation of secondary flows in an annular channel was theoretically treated by Joseph Valentin Boussinesq as early as in 1868. The migration of near-bottom particles in river-bend flows was experimentally investigated by A. Ya. Milovich in 1913. The solution first came from Albert Einstein in a 1926 paper in which he explained the erosion of river banks.

Phenomenon
A phenomenon  (pl. phenomena), sometimes spelled phaenomenon, is an observable event. The term came into its modern philosophical usage through Immanuel Kant, who contrasted it with the noumenon, which cannot be directly observed. Kant was heavily influenced by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz in this part of his philosophy, in which phenomenon and noumenon serve as interrelated technical terms. Far predating this, the ancient Greek Pyrrhonist philosopher Sextus Empiricus also used phenomenon and noumenon as interrelated technical terms.
Noah Harlan
Noah Harlan is an independent film producer and Founder of Two Bulls digital studio.  He has produced or co-produced seven feature films, including three with director Raphael Nadjari: Avanim (2004), Tehilim (2007), and Ce que mes yeux ont vu (2007). Harlan received a New England Emmy Award in "Advanced Media Interactivity" in 2008.

Harlan grew up in Cranbury, New Jersey. graduated from Williams College in 1997 with a degree in Computer Science.  He also studied at Trinity College (University of Melbourne) and the British American Drama Academy.

He lives in Manhattan with his wife, author Micol Ostow.

Avanim
Avanim (Hebrew: אבנים) is Raphael Nadjari's fourth feature film. It was shot in and around Tel Aviv in 2003, in HDCam. The film was presented in the Berlin Film Festival as a Panorama: Special presentation in 2004.

The screenplay was also written by Raphaël Nadjari, marking his first film in Hebrew. The story revolves around a woman dissatisfied with her family life and career who decides to unburden herself and start anew after her close friend is killed by a thrown stone. Stones were placed on her grave during the funeral, inspiring the film's title.

The name of the film is derived from the Hebrew word for stones, which in Hebrew, holds deep cultural and religious significance.

The film employs a Dogme 95-inspired aesthetic, characterized by intense improvisation and grainy digital video close-ups, amplifying the claustrophobic atmosphere.
The Telnyuk Sisters
The Telnyuk Sisters (Ukrainian: ТЕЛЬНЮК: Сестри) are a Ukrainian vocal duo composed of Lesya and Halya Telnyuk. They were awarded the Vasyl Stus Prize for the preservation and promotion of the Ukrainian culture. They have also been awarded the People's Artist of Ukraine prize.

People's Artist of Ukraine
People's Artist of Ukraine (Ukrainian: Народний артист України, romanized: Narodnyi artyst Ukrainy) is an honorary title awarded by the government of Ukraine. It is the highest title awarded to outstanding performing artists whose merits are exceptional in the sphere of the development of the performing arts, including theatre, music, dance, circus, and cinema. For visual arts, there is a separate title.
LGBTQ rights in Rhode Island
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) people in the U.S. state of Rhode Island have some legal rights as non-LGBTQ people. Rhode Island established two types of major relationship recognition for same-sex couples, starting with civil unions on July 1, 2011, and then on August 1, 2013 with same-sex marriage. Discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity is outlawed within the state namely in the areas of employment, housing, healthcare and public accommodations. In addition, conversion therapy on minors has been banned since 2017.

Rhode Island is frequently referred to as one of the United States' most LGBTQ-friendly states. Opinion polls have shown that a large majority of Rhode Islanders support same-sex marriage and LGBT rights. 2017 polling from the Public Religion Research Institute showed that 78% of Rhode Island respondents supported same-sex marriage.

Edith Ajello
Edith H. Ajello (born April 26, 1944) is an American politician and retail store manager. A Democrat, she has served in the Rhode Island House of Representatives since 1993, representing District 1 since 2013, and District 3 from 1993 to 2013. She is also store manager for Rustigan Rugs, an oriental rug outlet in Providence.
Antone S. Aguiar Jr.
Antone S. Aguiar Jr. (January 2, 1930 – February 1, 2014) was an American judge and politician. He spent 18 years as a judge in the Attleboro District Court and two in the Fall River District Court before retiring in late 1999. He previously served in the Massachusetts House of Representatives from 1965 until 1982, when he was appointed to the bench by Governor Edward King. He was a Democrat who spent much of his life in Swansea, Massachusetts, where he graduated from Joseph Case High School in 1948.

Edward J. King
Edward Joseph King (May 11, 1925 – September 18, 2006) was an American politician who served as the 66th governor of Massachusetts from 1979 to 1983. A member of the Democratic Party until 1985, he then became a member of the Republican Party. Elected in the 1978 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, he lost the Democratic primary of the 1982 election to his predecessor Michael Dukakis.
Marg Ralston
Marg Ralston AM is an Australian sports journalist, editor, and government advisor. She is noted for being the first woman appointed as a sports editor of a major metropolitan paper in Australia. She is currently a Ministerial Adviser for the South Australian Government, providing recreation and sport advice to Minister Hon. Leon Bignell MP.

Government of South Australia
The Government of South Australia, also referred to as the South Australian Government or the SA Government, is the executive branch of the state of South Australia. It is modelled on the Westminster system, meaning that the highest ranking members of the executive are drawn from an elected state parliament. Specifically the party or coalition which holds a majority of the House of Assembly (the lower chamber of the South Australian Parliament).
National awakening of Bulgaria
The National awakening of Bulgaria refers to the Bulgarian nationalism that emerged in the early 19th century under the influence of western ideas such as liberalism and nationalism, which trickled into the country after the French Revolution, mostly via Greece, although there were stirrings in the 18th century. Russia, as fellow Orthodox Slavs, could appeal to the Bulgarians in a way that Austria could not. The Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca of 1774 gave Russia the right to interfere in Ottoman affairs to protect the Sultan's Christian subjects.

Lyuben Karavelov
Lyuben Stoychev Karavelov (Bulgarian: Любен Стойчев Каравелов; c. 1834 – 21 January 1879) was a Bulgarian writer, journalist, revolutionary and an important figure of the Bulgarian National Revival. In his lifetime, he published many literary works. He was a leader of the Bulgarian Revolutionary Central Committee.
Sings the Blues
Sings the Blues is the third solo studio album by American rapper Pigeon John. It was released on March 8, 2005 via Basement Records. Recording sessions took place at the Don Johnson Foundation in North Hills, at Holiday Inn room in Canada, at The Terrordome in Miracle Mile, and in Van Nuys. Production was handled by Mr. J, Flynn, J. Boogie, Malachi Perez, Matt Mahaffey, Mils, and Pigeon John himself. It features guest appearances from Abstract Rude, Eligh, RedCloud, The Grouch and DJ Rhettmatic.

Flynn Adam
Flynn Adam Atkins (born August 3, 1973) is an American producer, singer and rapper originating from Los Angeles, California. He is currently independent and has released an EP: Bang the Drums.  Flynn Adam has also been featured numerous times on RadioU and TVU for his music video, "Such a Time", and is an active member of the hip hop music duo Rootbeer with fellow LA Symphony member Pigeon John. Flynn is also a member of famed Hip Hop crew LA Symphony.
Rożniatów-Kolonia
Rożniatów-Kolonia [rɔʐˈɲatuf kɔˈlɔɲa] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Uniejów, within Poddębice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 10 km (6 mi) north of Uniejów, 19 km (12 mi) north-west of Poddębice, and 53 km (33 mi) north-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Poddębice County
Poddębice County (Polish: powiat poddębicki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Poddębice, which lies 37 kilometres (23 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź. The only other town in the county is Uniejów, lying 14 km (9 mi) north-west of Poddębice.

The county covers an area of 880.91 square kilometres (340.1 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 42,195, out of which the population of Poddębice is 7,875, that of Uniejów is 2,916, and the rural population is 31,404.
Carl Donnelly
Carl Donnelly (born 13 January 1982 in Tooting, south London) is an English stand-up, dancer, comedian, and writer. He has performed 11 solo shows at the Edinburgh Festival, being nominated for the Edinburgh Comedy Awards twice - once for best newcomer, and once for best show. He became a vegan in 2013, and has since become an ambassador for Veganuary. He has talked about being vegan extensively in his act.

Veganuary
Veganuary is an annual challenge run by a British nonprofit organisation that promotes the vegan lifestyle by encouraging people to follow a vegan diet for the month of January. Since it began in 2014 with only 3,325 people who joined to the challenge, participation has increased each year. 400,000 people signed up to the 2020 campaign. The campaign estimated this represented the carbon dioxide equivalent of 450,000 flights and the lives of more than a million animals. Veganuary can also refer to the event itself. In 2026, 30 million people took part in it.
Orleans Parish Prison
Orleans Parish Prison is the city jail for New Orleans, Louisiana.  First opened in 1837, it is operated by the Orleans Parish Sheriff's Office. Most of the prisoners—1,300 of the 1,500 or so as of June 2016—are awaiting trial.

In May 2013, Orleans Parish Prison ranked as one of the ten worst prisons in the United States, based on reporting in Mother Jones magazine.

Mother Jones (magazine)
Mother Jones (abbreviated MoJo) is a nonprofit American progressive magazine that focuses on news, commentary, and investigative journalism on topics including politics, environment, human rights, health, healthcare and culture. Clara Jeffery serves as editor-in-chief of the magazine. Monika Bauerlein has been the CEO since 2015. Mother Jones was published by the Foundation for National Progress, a 501(c)(3) nonprofit, until 2024, when it merged with current publisher The Center for Investigative Reporting, the oldest investigative nonprofit news organization in the U.S.

The magazine is named after Mary Harris Jones, known as Mother Jones, an Irish-American trade union activist, socialist advocate, and ardent opponent of child labor.
Fialta
Fialta is an indie pop band from San Luis Obispo, California. The group consists of David Provenzano and Michael Leibovich (formerly of Sherwood), Beth Clements, and Sarah Shotwell. The band formed in 2011 and released their first full-length album, Summer Winter, in 2013.

The band's name was inspired by the Nabokov story, "Spring in Fialta".

The band has made a name for itself primarily through sync licensing. In 2013, Fialta's song "Summer Winter" was featured in a Kmart television ad, and in 2014, the song "Sleepytime" was used for a Chipotle sponsorship ad for the PBS show, Food Forward. Their music has also been played on the television series Awkward, A to Z, Parenthood, Degrassi, BoJack Horseman, and About a Boy.

A to Z (TV series)
A to Z is an American romantic comedy television series created by Ben Queen. He served as an executive producer with Rashida Jones and Will McCormack for Warner Bros. Television. The series debuted on October 2, 2014, on NBC. Viewership fell by nearly 50% by the fifth episode, which aired October 30, and NBC canceled the series the next day, though choosing to air the final eight episodes, which had already been produced. The series finale aired on January 22, 2015.
Bruno Gesche
Bruno Gesche (5 November 1905 – 7 August 1982) rose to the rank of Obersturmbannführer (lieutenant colonel equivalent) in the SS in Nazi Germany. He was a member of Adolf Hitler's entourage and the fourth commander of Hitler's personal bodyguard (originally known as the SS-Begleitkommando des Führers, later known as Führerbegleitkommando) for the periods June 1934 – April 1942 and December 1942 – December 1944.

Unterscharführer
Unterscharführer ([ˈʊntɐʃaːɐ̯fyːʁɐ], lit. 'junior squad leader') was a paramilitary rank of the Nazi Party used by the Schutzstaffel (SS) between 1934 and 1945. The SS rank was created after the Night of the Long Knives. That event caused an SS reorganisation and the creation of new ranks to separate the SS from the Sturmabteilung (SA).

The insignia was a button pip centred on a collar patch opposite an SS unit insignia collar badge. The field grey SS uniform displayed the rank with silver collar piping and the shoulder boards of an Unteroffizier. Rank comparisons list the rank of Unterscharführer as equivalent to a corporal in other services, but the rank held responsibilities of a sergeant in some other armies.
Otautau
Otautau is a small farming, forestry and milling town located inland on the western edge of the Southland Plains of New Zealand on the banks of the Aparima River.  Otautau is located approximately 40 kilometres (25 mi) north west of Invercargill. The average elevation of Otautau is 60 metres.

Otautau is also known as "The Heart of Western Southland" as can be seen on the roadside sign photo below. Otautau township has one building registered with Pouhere Taonga Heritage New Zealand. This is the historic courthouse building in Main Street from 1908, which currently houses the district's small museum and some archives from local institutions and businesses.

The New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage gives a translation of "place of [an] ear pendant" for the name Ōtautau.

Ministry for Culture and Heritage
The Ministry for Culture and Heritage (MCH; Māori: Manatū Taonga) is the department of the New Zealand Government responsible for supporting the arts, culture, built heritage, sport and recreation, and broadcasting sectors in New Zealand and advising government on such.
J-invariant
In mathematics, the j-invariant or j function is a modular function of weight zero for the special linear group  defined on the upper half-plane of complex numbers. It is the unique such function that is holomorphic away from a simple pole at the cusp such that

Rational functions of  are modular, and in fact give all modular functions of weight 0. Classically, the -invariant was studied as a parameterization of elliptic curves over , but it also has surprising connections to the symmetries of the Monster group (this connection is referred to as monstrous moonshine).

Special linear group
In mathematics, the special linear group  of degree  over a commutative ring  is the set of  matrices with determinant , with the group operations of ordinary matrix multiplication and matrix inversion. This is the normal subgroup of the general linear group given by the kernel of the determinant

where  is the multiplicative group of  (that is,  excluding  when  is a field).

These elements are "special" in that they form an algebraic subvariety of the general linear group – they satisfy a polynomial equation (since the determinant is polynomial in the entries).

When  is the finite field of order , the notation  is sometimes used.
1957 UCI Road World Championships
The 1957 UCI Road World Championships was the 30th edition of the UCI Road World Championships. It took place in Waregem, Belgium on Saturday 17 and Sunday 18 August 1957.

Among the amateurs, who had to ride 190.4 kilometres, the title went to 22-year-old Belgian Louis Proost. In the final kilometres he overtook Italian Arnaldo Pambianco, who had been riding alone in the lead for 30 kilometres. Dutchman Schalk Verhoef came third.

The race for professional cyclists organized on Sunday, was 12 laps long, totalling 285.6 kilometres. 70 riders took part. Rik Van Steenbergen, in the presence of King Baudouin, became world champion for the third time, now in his country.

In the same period, the 1957 UCI Track Cycling World Championships were organized in the Stade Vélodrome de Rocourt near Liège, Belgium.

Stade Vélodrome de Rocourt
Stade Vélodrome de Rocourt, also known as Stade Jules Georges, was a multi-use stadium in Liège, Belgium. It was initially used as the stadium of R.F.C. de Liège matches.  It was closed in 1995.  The capacity of the stadium was 40,000 spectators. The UCI Track Cycling World Championships were held on the velodrome on four occasions: 1950, 1957, 1963 and 1975.