hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Katherine Miller
Katherine Miller (born May 9, 1994) is a Brazilian American fencer who was a member of Brazil's women's epee team at the 2016 Summer Olympics. She won the 2013 Brazilian Senior National Championship and was a member of Brazil's bronze medal-winning women's epee team at the 2016 Pan American Championships

Miller studied global affairs at Yale University, where she was captain of the fencing team.

Global studies
Global Studies (GS) or global affairs (GA) is the interdisciplinary study of global macro-processes. Predominant subjects are political science in the form of global politics, as well as economics, law, the sociology of law, ecology, environmental studies, geography, sociology, culture, anthropology and ethnography. It distinguishes itself from the related discipline of international relations by its comparatively lesser focus on the nation state as a fundamental analytical unit, instead focusing on the broader issues relating to cultural and economic globalisation, global power structures, as well of the effect of humans on the global environment.
Golden mantella
The golden mantella (Mantella aurantiaca) is a small, terrestrial frog endemic to Madagascar. It has an extremely restricted distribution in three distinct areas centered on the town of Moramanga - Beparasy and Ambohibary Communes, Torotorofotsy Wetland northwest of Andasibe, and in the area of Ambakoana. Mantella aurantiaca is one of Madagascar's most threatened amphibian species due to its limited distribution in an area under tremendous anthropogenic pressure. It may also be threatened by over-collection for the pet trade.

Moramanga
Moramanga is a city (commune urbaine) in Madagascar. It is located in the region Alaotra-Mangoro and the Moramanga District.
It has a population of 57,084 inhabitants (2018).

It is situated between the capital Antananarivo and the east coast on the crossroad of RN 2 and RN 44.
The name of Moranmanga originates from the slave trade. To differ them from other social classes, they were dressed in blue or manga.
As they were among the cheapest (mora) in Africa, it became Moramanga.
Afghanistan-Pakistan Center of Excellence
The Afghanistan-Pakistan Center of Excellence (AFG-PAK COE) is an internal think tank at the United States Central Command focused on Afghanistan, Pakistan, and the Central Asian States.  The AFG-PAK COE seeks to build expertise in and provide improved intelligence for the missions in those countries and the states around them. The AFG-PAK COE is planning to help expand the number of U.S. military and civilian experts on Afghanistan and Pakistan by providing them with education and training opportunities covering the culture, language, and region, and keeping these analysts and military forces connected to these missions in those countries when they are between deployments.

The COE is within the USCENTCOM Directorate of Intelligence. From 2009 - 2017(?), Derek Harvey, Senior Executive Service, led the organization as Director.

Senior Executive Service (United States)
The Senior Executive Service (SES) is a position classification in the United States federal civil service equivalent to general officer or flag officer rank in the U.S. Armed Forces. It was created in 1979 when the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978 went into effect under President Jimmy Carter.
Minoan frescoes from Tell el-Dab'a
The Minoan wall paintings at Tell el-Dab'a are of particular interest to Egyptologists and archaeologists. They are of Minoan style, content, and technology, but there is uncertainty over the ethnic identity of the artists. The paintings depict images of bull-leaping, bull-grappling, griffins, and hunts. They were discovered by a team of archaeologists led by Manfred Bietak, in the palace district of the Thutmosid period at Tell el-Dab'a. The frescoes date to the Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt, most likely during the reigns of either the pharaohs Hatshepsut (reigned c. 1479 – 1458 BCE) or Thutmose III (reigned 1479 – 1425 BCE), after being previously considered to belong to the late Second Intermediate Period. The paintings indicate an involvement of Egypt in international relations and cultural exchanges with the Eastern Mediterranean either through marriage or exchange of gifts.

Eastern Mediterranean
The Eastern Mediterranean is a loosely delimited region comprising the easternmost portion of the Mediterranean Sea, and well as the adjoining land—often defined as the countries around the Levantine Sea. It includes the southern half of Turkey's main region, Anatolia; its smaller Hatay Province; the island of Cyprus; the Greek Dodecanese islands; and the countries of Egypt, Israel, Palestine, Syria and Lebanon.

Its broadest uses can encompass the Libyan Sea (thus Libya), the Aegean Sea (thus European Turkey and the mainland and islands of Greece), and the Ionian Sea (thus southern Albania in Southeast Europe) and can extend west to Italy's farthest south-eastern coasts. Although Jordan does not border the Mediterranean Sea, it is sometimes included in broader Levantine or Eastern Mediterranean frameworks for historical, cultural, or political analysis.
William Robinson (Tasmanian politician)
William Robinson (17 July 1879 – 16 September 1960) was an Australian politician.

He was born in Lefroy, Tasmania. In 1942 he was elected to the Tasmanian Legislative Council as one of the independent members for Launceston. In 1946 the two-member seat was split and Robinson became the member for Cornwall. He held the seat until his defeat in 1948. Robinson died in Latrobe in 1960.

Latrobe, Tasmania
Latrobe is a town in north-western Tasmania, Australia on the Mersey River.  It is 8 km south-east of Devonport on the Bass Highway.  It is the main centre of the Latrobe Council. At the 2006 census, Latrobe had a population of 2,843. By the 2016 census, this had increased to 4,169.
The locality is in the Latrobe Council area, but with a mere 0.1% in the Kentish Council LGA.
Ullerwood Castle
Ullerwood Castle is an early medieval castle, possibly a shell keep, in Ringway, a civil parish on the southern border of Manchester, England. Twelfth-century historian Roger of Hodwen included Hamon de Masci in list of rebels against Henry II in 1173 and wrote that he held the castles of Ullerwood Dunham. There is no other contemporary documented reference to the site. Ullerwood Castle has been confused with Watch Hill Castle in nearby Bowdon, but the two are separate sites, though both were probably owned by the de Masci family. The castle site lies beneath a house and is surrounded by trees.

Hamon de Massey
The first Hamon de Masci/Massey was the owner of the manors of Agden, Baguley, Bowdon, Dunham, Hale and Little Bollington after the Norman conquest of England (1066), taking over from the Saxon thegn Aelfward according to Domesday Book.  He was possibly the son of Guillaume de Macé, born in La Ferté-Macé or Ferté de La Macé, a recently constructed fortress in Normandy. Hamon was made a baron by Hugh Lupus, by his right as Earl of Chester, from 1071.

The name of Hamon de Massey was passed on to his descendants for several generations. There are several different ways of spelling the name, including "de Masci", "de Macé", "de Macei", "de Mascy", "de Massy" and "de Massie". Later the name Baguley was adopted by the family as it was the site of their main property, and there are also many variations of this name as well.
A Massey daughter, Margaret, married Henry FitzRobert de Trafford, several generations later.

England portal

Middle Ages portal
Claudia Hüttenmoser
Claudia Hüttenmoser-Pfister (born 9 August 1967) is a Swiss wheelchair curler.

She participated in the 2010 and 2018 Winter Paralympics where Swiss team finished on seventh and sixth places respectively.

Wheelchair curling at the 2010 Winter Paralympics
49°14′41.5″N 123°6′31.2″W﻿ / ﻿49.244861°N 123.108667°W﻿ / 49.244861; -123.108667

The wheelchair curling competition of the 2010 Winter Paralympics was held at the Vancouver Olympic/Paralympic Centre in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, from 13 March to 20 March 2010. Ten teams competed in a single event, a mixed tournament in which men and women competed together.
Alamo Bay
Alamo Bay is a 1985 American drama film about a Vietnam veteran who clashes with Vietnamese immigrants who move to his Texas bay hometown. The film was directed by Louis Malle, and stars Amy Madigan and Ed Harris. Future Texas A&M and Dallas Cowboys linebacker Dat Nguyen, who was age 9 at the time, has a small role as a Little League ballplayer. The film's soundtrack, composed and recorded by the artist Ry Cooder, was released as an album Music From the Motion Picture "Alamo Bay" in the same year, and its title track "Theme from Alamo Bay" can be also found on Music by Ry Cooder, a compilation album of Cooder's soundtracks from movies released between 1980 and 1993.

Dat Nguyen
Dat Tan Nguyen (/ˌdæt ˈwɪn/; Vietnamese: Nguyễn Tấn Đạt, pronounced [ŋʷjə̌ˀn tə̌n ɗàːt]; born September 25, 1975) is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker for seven seasons with the Dallas Cowboys of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Texas A&M Aggies, earning unanimous All-American honors.  He is the first Vietnamese-American to be drafted, play, and be recognized as an All-Pro in the NFL.

In 2017, Nguyen was elected to the College Football Hall of Fame.
Cydia
Cydia is a graphical user interface of APT for iOS. It enables a user to find and install software unauthorized by Apple on jailbroken iPhones, iPads and iPod Touch devices. It also refers to the digital distribution platform for software on iOS accessed through Cydia software. Most of the software packages available through Cydia are free of charge, although some require purchasing.

Cydia is developed by Jay Freeman (named "saurik") and his company, SaurikIT. The name "Cydia" is a reference to the moth genus Cydia, notably the codling moth (Cydia pomonella), which eats fruits such as apples and pears.

Cydia (moth)
Cydia is a large genus of tortrix moths, belonging to the tribe Grapholitini of subfamily Olethreutinae. Its distinctness from and delimitation versus the tribe's type genus Grapholita requires further study.

Moths in this genus are generally small and dull brown; their caterpillars are yellow or white and wormlike. Cydia includes many species of economic importance due to the damage their caterpillars inflict as pests of agricultural crops, especially fruit and nut trees. On the other hand, some Cydia species have been used for biological control of invasive weeds, and many of these small moths and their caterpillars are an important food source for other animals. A few species from the Hawaiian Islands are suspected to be extinct due to disappearance of their food plants.

Another well-known species is the jumping bean moth (C. saltitans), whose caterpillars live in Sebastiania seeds, turning them into the famous "Mexican jumping beans".
2009 UCI Track Cycling World Championships
The 2009 UCI Track Cycling World Championships are the World Championship for track cycling. They took place at the BGŻ Arena in Pruszków, Poland from 25 to 29 March 2009. Nineteen events were on the programme, with the women's omnium being added to the eighteen events contested at the 2008 championships.

Australia topped the medal table with four gold medals, with France on second and Great Britain on third place.

In the Men's events, Michael Mørkøv and Alex Rasmussen, both of Denmark, and Grégory Baugé of France took home two gold medals while Australian Cameron Meyer took home a gold and two silver medals.
For the women, Simona Krupeckaitė of Lithuania won three medals; a gold and two bronzes. Victoria Pendleton and Elizabeth Armitstead of Great Britain won three medals each; a gold, a silver, and a bronze with.

Omnium
An omnium (from Latin omnium: of all, belonging to all) is a multiple race event in track cycling. Historically, the omnium has had a variety of formats.
Starting in 2017, the omnium has consisted of four events: scratch race, tempo race, elimination race and points race. In the case of the para omnium in para-track cycling, introduced in 2020, the four events are Flying 200m, Time trial (1 km or 500 m), Individual pursuit and Scratch race.
In recent years, road racing has also adopted the term to describe multi-day races that feature the three primary road race events (time trial, mass start and criterium).
Cañas Gordas
Cañas Gordas is a corregimiento in Renacimiento District, Chiriquí Province, Panama. It has a land area of 60.8 square kilometres (23.5 sq mi) and had a population of 3,090 as of 2010, giving it a population density of 50.8 inhabitants per square kilometre (132/sq mi). Its population as of 1990 was 2,448; its population as of 2000 was 2,682.

Corregimientos of Panama
In Panama, a corregimiento is a subdivision of a district, which in turn is a subdivision of a province. It is the smallest administrative division level in the country; which is further subdivided into populated places/centres. As of 2012, Panama is subdivided into a total of 693 corregimientos, since several of these were created in the province of Bocas del Toro and the indigenous region (comarca indígena) of Ngäbe-Buglé.
Ramsey, Ontario
Ramsey is an unincorporated area and ghost town in the Unorganized North Part of Sudbury District in northeastern Ontario, Canada.

The community was established in 1937 to house gold mine workers at the nearby Jerome Mine operations. Although the mine itself was abandoned by 1945, the community survived by expanding its lumber operations, and had its own post office by 1948. The community had a population of approximately 300 at its peak.

The community was eventually abandoned after E. B. Eddy shut down the sawmill in 1987, although the remaining townsite itself was not fully dismantled until 2002.

The townsite is accessible via the Sultan Industrial Road. The Canadian Pacific Railway transcontinental main line runs through the town site.

Gold mining
Gold mining is the extraction of gold by mining.

Historically, gold mining from alluvial deposits used manual separation processes, such as gold panning. The expansion of gold mining to ores that are below the surface has led to more complex extraction processes such as pit mining and gold cyanidation. In the 20th and 21st centuries, large corporations produce the vast majority of the gold mined. However, as a result of the increasing value of gold, there are also millions of small, artisanal miners in many parts of the Global South.

As with all mining, human rights and environmental issues are important issues in the gold mining industry, and can result in environmental conflict. In mines with less regulation, health and safety risks are much higher.
Engalabi
The Engalabi, also known as the Engoma ensajja, is a membranophone percussion instrument commonly used in Central Africa, particularly in Uganda. It is associated with tribes such as the Baganda, Banyankole, Buzimba, and Tagwenda. The instrument is also referred to by various other names, including omugalabi, engaija, egaabi, omugudu, omugwabe, long drum, Engaabe (in Lusoga), and emiidiri (in Ateso).

Monitor lizard
Monitor lizards are lizards in the genus Varanus, the only extant genus in the family Varanidae. They are native to Africa, Asia, and Oceania, and one species is also found in the southern United States as an invasive species.  About 94 species are recognized.

Monitor lizards have long necks, powerful tails and claws, and well-developed limbs. The adult length of extant species ranges from 20 cm (7.9 in) in some species such as Varanus sparnus, to over 3 m (10 ft) in the case of the Komodo dragon, though the extinct megalania (Varanus priscus) may have reached lengths of more than 7 m (23 ft). Most monitor species are terrestrial, but many are also arboreal or semiaquatic. While most monitor lizards are carnivorous, eating smaller reptiles, fish, birds, insects, small mammals, and eggs, a few species also eat fruit and vegetation.
Diyarbakır oil field
The Diyarbakır oil field is an oil field located in Diyarbakır, Diyarbakır Province, Southeastern Anatolia Region. It was discovered in 2009 and developed by Türkiye Petrolleri Anonim Ortaklığı, and began production in the same year. The total proven reserves of the Diyarbakır oil field are around 16 million barrels (2.2 million tonnes), and production is centered on 250 barrels per day (40 m3/d).

TPAO
Turkish Petroleum Corporation (Turkish: Türkiye Petrolleri Anonim Ortaklığı, TPAO) has been established in order to perform hydrocarbon exploration, drilling, production, refinery and marketing activities on behalf of the Republic of Türkiye with the law 6327 in 1954.

Many milestones in Turkish Petroleum Industry has been brought to real by TPAO. Foundation of industry giants like PETKİM, TÜPRAŞ, PETROL OFİSİ are amongst these milestones.

TPAO continued exploration, production, refining, marketing and transportation activities until 1983 as an integrated oil company. TPAO has been acting as a state owned exploration and production oil company since the legal regulations made in 1983 and some other more recent changes.

TPAO’s primary goal is to reduce Turkey’s oil and gas import.
Sigurd Ring
Sigurd Ring (Old Norse: Sigurðr Hringr, in some sources merely called Hringr) according to legend was a king of the Swedes, being mentioned in many old Scandinavian sagas. According to these sources he was granted rulership over Sweden as a vassal king under his uncle Harald Wartooth. Later he would take up arms against his uncle Harald in a bid to overthrow him and take the crown of Denmark, a conflict which Sigurd eventually won after the legendary Battle of the Brávellir, where it is said that Odin himself intervened and killed Harald. In the Sagas, Sigurd is also known for being the father of the Norse Viking hero and legendary king of Denmark and Sweden, Ragnar Lodbrok. According to Bósa saga ok Herrauds, there was once a saga on Sigurd Ring, but this saga is now lost.

Swedes (tribe)
The Swedes (Swedish: svear; Old Norse: svíar, Old English: Swēon) were a North Germanic tribe who inhabited Svealand ("land of the Swedes") in central Sweden. Along with Geats and Gutes, they were one of the progenitor groups of modern Swedes.

The Roman historian Tacitus was the first to write about the tribe in his Germania from AD 98, referring to them as the Suiones. Locally, they are possibly first mentioned by the Kylver Stone in the 4th century. Jordanes, in the 6th century, mentions Suehans and Suetidi. These names likely derive from the Proto-Indo-European root *s(w)e, meaning "one's own". Beowulf mentions the Swedes around 1000 A.D.

According to early sources such as the sagas, especially Heimskringla, the Swedes were a powerful tribe whose kings claimed descendence from the god Freyr. During the Viking Age they constituted the basis of the Varangian subset, the Norsemen that travelled eastwards (see Rus' people).
Carl Aejemelaeus
Carl Aejemelaeus (20 May 1882 – 13 July 1935) was a Finnish colonel, modern pentathlete and fencer.

Aejemelaeus was educated in St. Petersburg at the  Nicholas Cavalry College, Main Officer's Gymnastics and Fencing School and Imperial Archaeological Institute. He competed for the Russian Empire in the 1912 Olympic Games. After the establishment of Finland's independence, he served as the First Adjutant of president K. J. Ståhlberg from 1919 to 1925 and was a military attaché in London and Moscow. Aejemelaeus is a recipient of the Cross of Liberty of Estonia.

Aejemelaeus competed for Russia at the 1912 Summer Olympics in the modern pentathlon. He was a member of Finnish Olympic Committee and a co-founder of the fencing club HFM Helsinki, which is the oldest fencing club in Finland.

Modern pentathlon at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's
The men's modern pentathlon at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London was held on 11 August. Three venues were used: the Copper Box (fencing), Aquatics Centre (swimming) and Greenwich Park (horse-riding and combined running and shooting).

David Svoboda from the Czech Republic won the gold medal with an Olympic record-breaking score of 5,926 points. Cao Zhongrong, 2010 Asian Games gold medalist, won China's first ever Olympic medal in modern pentathlon, taking the silver. Meanwhile, Hungary's Ádám Marosi claimed the bronze medal. For the first time in the post-Soviet era, Russia missed out of the medal podium in the men's event, as current world champion Aleksander Lesun and defending champion Andrey Moiseev finished fourth and seventh place, respectively.
Jo Graham
Jo Graham (born 1968) is an American author who debuted in 2008 with her novel Black Ships, a re-imagination of The Aeneid.  She lives in Maryland.

Black Ships received a star rating when reviewed by Publishers Weekly and was nominated for the 2009 Locus Award for Best First Novel.  Her second novel, Hand of Isis (March 2009), which features the reincarnated main character of Black Ships, was given a starred review by Kirkus Reviews.

Starred review
A starred review is a book review marked with a star to denote a book of distinction or particularly high quality. A starred review can help to increase media coverage, bookstore placement and sales of a book.

Outlets that published starred reviews include:

Booklist

The Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books

The Horn Book Magazine

Kirkus Reviews

Library Journal

School Library Journal

Publishers Weekly

Shelf Awareness
Gaj, Slovenska Bistrica
Gaj (pronounced [ˈɡaːi̯]) is a settlement just east of Pragersko in the Municipality of Slovenska Bistrica in northeastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Drava Statistical Region.

In 1980 part of the settlement was split off to become Spodnji Gaj pri Pragerskem in the neighboring Municipality of Kidričevo.

At the Žutreki archaeological site north of the settlement, numerous Bronze Age and Roman artefacts were discovered during field surveys. In 2003 the site was partially excavated and traces of wooden prehistoric structures were discovered.

Municipality of Slovenska Bistrica
The Municipality of Slovenska Bistrica (pronounced [slɔˈʋeːnska ˈbiːstɾitsa] ⓘ; Slovene: Občina Slovenska Bistrica) is a municipality in the traditional region of Styria in northeastern Slovenia. The seat of the municipality is the town of Slovenska Bistrica. Slovenska Bistrica became a municipality in 1994.
Hadong Budaebuin
Grand Internal Princess Consort Hadong (Korean: 하동부대부인 정씨; Hanja: 河東府大夫人 鄭氏; 23 September 1522 – 24 June 1567), of the Hadong Jeong clan, was a Korean Joseon dynasty royal family member through her marriage with Grand Internal Prince Deokheung, the son of Jungjong of Joseon and Royal Consort Chang of Ansan Ahn clan. She was the biological mother of Seonjo of Joseon who died not long before he ascended the throne.

She was also known as Princess Consort Hadong (하동부부인; 河東府夫人), Princess Consort Hadong (하동군부인; 河東郡夫人) or simply Lady Hadong (하동부인; 河東夫人) before eventually became Budaebuin.

Jungjong of Joseon
Jungjong (Korean: 중종; Hanja: 中宗; 25 April 1488 – 9 December 1544), personal name Yi Yeok (이역; 李懌), firstly titled Grand Prince Jinseong (진성대군; 晉城大君), was the 11th monarch of the Joseon dynasty of Korea. He succeeded to the throne after the deposition of his elder half-brother, the tyrannical Yeonsangun.
Robert Ross (botanist)
Robert Ross, Fellow of the Linnean Society (14 August 1912 in Pinner – 25 May 2005) was an English botanist.  He was Keeper of Botany at the British Natural History Museum. He was the botanist on the 1952 British Museum Ruwenzori expedition.

Pinner
Pinner is a suburb in the London Borough of Harrow, northwest London, England, 12 miles (19 km) northwest of Charing Cross, close to the border with Hillingdon, historically in the county of Middlesex. The population was 38,698 in 2021.

Pinner originated as a mediaeval hamlet; St John Baptist church dates from the 14th century, and other parts of the historic village include Tudor buildings. The newer High Street is mainly 18th-century buildings, while Bridge Street has a more urban character and many chain stores.