hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jacob Metius
Jacob (Jacobus; sometimes James) Metius (after 1571–1628) was a Dutch instrument-maker and a specialist in grinding lenses. He is primarily known for the patent application he made for an optical telescope in  October 1608, a few weeks after Hans Lippershey submitted a patent for the same device. He was the brother of the geometer and astronomer Adriaan Metius.

Lens
A lens is a transmissive optical device that focuses or disperses a light beam by means of refraction. A simple lens consists of a single piece of transparent material, while a compound lens consists of several simple lenses (elements), usually arranged along a common axis. Lenses are made from materials such as glass or plastic and are ground, polished, or molded to the required shape. A lens can focus light to form an image, unlike a prism, which refracts light without focusing. Devices that similarly focus or disperse waves and radiation other than visible light are also called "lenses", such as microwave lenses, electron lenses, acoustic lenses, or explosive lenses.

Lenses are used in various imaging devices such as telescopes, binoculars, and cameras. They are also used as visual aids in glasses to correct defects of vision such as myopia and hypermetropia.
Georgian nobility
The nobility of Georgia was the social and legal grouping of individuals and families with a special status in the former Kingdom of Georgia (along with its successor states).

The Georgian nobility has always been split across two main groups: the princely and ducal Houses, which were in the minority, and the untitled noble Houses which were the vast majority.

The untitled nobility consisted of the gentry who were the direct vassals of the King along with the vassals of the various princes and dukes, as well as those of the Catholicos-Patriarch of All Georgia who had his own realm. Before the formal annexation by the Russian Empire, there were no other hereditary nobiliary titles other than the Western European equivalents of Prince and Duke.

The nobility of Georgia is split into two periods: before Russian annexation and after. At the time of annexation, approximately 5% of the total Georgian population belonged to the nobility in some form, with the Bagratids being at the top.

Prince
A prince is a male ruler (ranked below a king, grand prince, and grand duke) or a male member of a monarch's or former monarch's family. Prince is also a title of nobility (often highest), often hereditary, in some European states. The female equivalent is a princess. The English word derives, via the French word prince, from the Latin noun prīnceps, from primus (first) and caput (head), meaning "the first, foremost, the chief, most distinguished, noble ruler, prince".

In a related sense, now not commonly used, all more or less sovereign rulers over a state, including kings, were "princes" in the language of international politics. They normally had another title, for example king or duke. Many of these were Princes of the Holy Roman Empire.
Jaanwar (1999 film)
Jaanwar (transl. Animal) is an Indian Hindi-language action thriller film directed and produced by Suneel Darshan from a story written by Robin Bhatt and K.K. Singh. The film stars Akshay Kumar, Karisma Kapoor, and Shilpa Shetty in the lead roles.

Jaanwar was released on 24 December 1999 and received mixed reviews from critics, where it became the 13th highest-grossing Hindi film of the year.

The movie has been described as a "rip-off" of Clint Eastwood's A Perfect World (1993), about an escaped convict who takes a boy as hostage but eventually develops affection for him. Film critic Sukanya Verma talked of "obvious influence."

A Perfect World
A Perfect World is a 1993 American thriller crime drama film directed by Clint Eastwood. It stars Kevin Costner as an escaped convict who takes a young boy (T. J. Lowther) hostage and attempts to escape on the road with the child. Eastwood co-stars as a Texas Ranger in pursuit of the convict.

Though the film was not a box-office success in North America and grossed only $31 million for its November 1993 release, it managed to gross $104 million overseas for a total of $135 million worldwide. The film received critical acclaim for acting (particularly from Kevin Costner), directing, editing, themes, cinematography, and musical score. It is also considered one of Eastwood's best films by some critics and fans.
Garage Classics
Garage Classics is the debut album by the House & Garage Orchestra, released on 30 November 2018 on the New State Music label. It was released on CD and as a digital download. The album was produced by Darren Tate and Alex Mercier (Shy Cookie), and contains orchestral covers of classic UK garage tracks with appearances from Kele Le Roc, Sweet Female Attitude, Shola Ama, Shelley Nelson, MC Neat, Tough Love and more.

Sweet Female Attitude
Sweet Female Attitude are an electronic music act from Manchester, England. They are known for the UK garage remix by Sunship of their track "Flowers", written by Martin Green a.k.a. Shine MC and Mike Powell, which reached number two on the UK Singles Chart in April 2000.
New Dimensions IV
New Dimensions IV is an anthology of original science fiction short stories edited by Robert Silverberg, the fourth in a series of twelve. It was first published in paperback by Signet/New American Library in October 1974.

The book collects ten novellas, novelettes and short stories by various science fiction authors.

Felix C. Gotschalk
Felix C. Gotschalk (September 7, 1929 – April 20, 2002) was an American psychologist and science fiction writer with a distinct, idiosyncratic style, his work marked by energetic exploration of social and sexual taboos.
Samuel Lane Loomis
Samuel Lane Loomis (1856–1938) was an American minister and author of Modern Cities and their Religious Problems (1887), a popular and well-regarded work on urban life from the Protestant perspective.

Loomis graduated from Amherst College in 1877 and Andover Theological Seminary in 1880.

Andover Theological Seminary
Andover Theological Seminary (1807–1965) was a Congregationalist seminary founded in 1807 and originally located in Andover, Massachusetts on the campus of Phillips Academy.

From 1908 to 1931, it was located at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts. It then collocated with Newton Theological Institution (NTI) in Newton, Massachusetts. Then, in 1965, Andover Theological Seminary and NTI formally merged in 1965 to form Andover Newton Theological School in Andover, Massachusetts. In its original and merged forms, it is the first and thus the oldest Protestant theological seminary in the United States. The seminary continues as Andover Newton Seminary at Yale Divinity School, which was launched in 2017.
Berryburg, West Virginia
Berryburg is an unincorporated community in Barbour County in the U.S. state of West Virginia. Berryburg lies to the northwest of Philippi on West Virginia Route 76.

The Adaland in Berryburg is a historic house museum listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

It is the birthplace of James H. McGee, the first black mayor of Dayton, Ohio.

Philippi, West Virginia
Philippi ('FILL-uh-pea') is a city in and the county seat of Barbour County, West Virginia, United States, along the Tygart Valley River. The population was 2,929 at the 2020 census. In 1861, the city was the site of the Battle of Philippi, known as the "Philippi Races". Although a minor skirmish, this is considered the earliest notable land action of the American Civil War. The city has a weekly newspaper, The Barbour Democrat.
Mariana Kotzeva
Mariana Mihaylova Kotzeva (Bulgarian: Мариана Михайлова Коцева, born 12 March 1967) is a Bulgarian statistician and econometrician. Since the beginning of 2017 she has been the acting director-general of Eurostat, the directorate-general of the European Commission responsible for providing statistical information to the institutions of the European Union and for harmonizing statistical methods across the Union. She is also the former president of the National Statistical Institute of Bulgaria.

Statistician
A statistician is a person who works with theoretical or applied statistics. The profession exists in both the private and public sectors.

It is common to combine statistical knowledge with expertise in other subjects, and statisticians may work as employees or as statistical consultants.
Scythris fissurella
Scythris fissurella is a moth of the family Scythrididae. It was described by Bengt Å. Bengtsson in 1997. It is found in Cape Verde (Brava), Kenya, Sudan, Yemen, Oman, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Iran. Records from Russia (Astrakhan region) and Kazakhstan refer to the related S. niemineni.

The larvae feed on Aerva javanica.

Aerva javanica
Aerva javanica, the kapok bush or desert cotton, is a species of plant in the family Amaranthaceae. It has a native distribution incorporating much of Africa (including Madagascar), and the south-west and south of Asia, and it has become adventitious in northern Australia.
All Saints Church, Leigh
All Saints Church was built around 1250 at Leigh, north Wiltshire, England, and was originally on a site half a mile to the north of its current location.  In 1896, the nave, porch and bell tower were moved from their original location and a new church was built, which is now Grade II* listed.  The chancel and the east gable of the old nave remain in the old churchyard as All Saints Chancel.

Leigh, Wiltshire
Leigh is a village and civil parish in north Wiltshire, England, 1.5 miles (2.4 km) southeast of Ashton Keynes and 2.5 miles (4 km) west of Cricklade. It is on the edge of the Cotswold Water Park and near to the county border with Gloucestershire. The parish includes the hamlet of Waterhay.

The village lies on a minor road just north of the B4040 Malmesbury–Cricklade road. The infant River Thames forms part of the northern boundary of the parish; near the river is Upper Waterhay Meadow, a biological Site of Special Scientific Interest. Other boundaries are a short section of the Swill Brook which meets the Thames in the northwest; its tributary the Derry Brook in the west; and the Bournlake stream in the east.
Chris Ingram (rally driver)
Chris Ingram (born 7 July 1994 in Manchester) is a British rally driver who became the first Briton in over 50 years to win the FIA European Rally Championship (ERC) in 2019. In 2024, he secured the British Rally Championship (BRC) title, making him the first driver to clinch both the ERC and BRC titles. Ingram has also competed in the World Rally Championship (WRC), in the WRC2 category.

British Rally Championship
The British Rally Championship (BRC) is a rallying series based in the United Kingdom. The first championship was run in 1958 and it has been licensed by the Motor Sports Association (MSA) since 1999. MSA has opted not to run the series in 2015, instead giving its promotion to its own subsidiary, International Motor Sport (IMS) for 2016. Motorsport UK have promoted the BRC and have done since IMS was absorbed into Motorsport UK in 2019.
Bustill
Bustill is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

The Bustill family, whose notable members were:
Cyrus Bustill (1732–1806) African American abolitionist, baker and founding member of the Free African Society
Charles Hicks Bustill (1816–1890), American, plasterer, abolitionist and conductor in the Underground Railroad
Joseph Cassey Bustill (1822–1895), African American conductor in the Underground Railroad
Maria Louisa Bustill (1853–1904), American, Quaker schoolteacher

Maria Louisa Bustill
Maria Louisa Bustill Robeson (November 8, 1853 – January 20, 1904) was an American Quaker schoolteacher; the wife of the Reverend William Drew Robeson of Witherspoon Street Presbyterian Church in Princeton, New Jersey and the mother of Paul Robeson and his siblings.
Rob Butler (rugby league)
Rob Butler (born 15 May 1998) is an English professional rugby league footballer who plays as a prop forward for Toulouse Olympique in the RFL Championship and the England Knights at international level.

He has previously played for the London Broncos in the Championship and Warrington Wolves the Super League, and has spent time on loan from the Broncos at the London Skolars and the Coventry Bears in League 1.

Midlands Hurricanes
The Midlands Hurricanes are a semi-professional rugby league club based in Birmingham, West Midlands, England. They were founded in 2021 and took over the professional franchise owned by Coventry Bears previously entering the third tier of the British rugby league system, currently known as League One in 2015.
Jussi Award for Best Actress
The Jussi Award for Best Actress was an award presented annually at the Jussi Awards, the premier film industry event in Finland, between 1944 and 2022. In the spring of 2022, Filmiaura's board introduced the gender-neutral Jussi Award for Best Leading Performance, which started from the 76th Jussi Awards in 2023. The 1st Jussi Awards ceremony was held in 1944, with Ansa Ikonen winning the first Jussi Award for Best Actress for her performance in Vaivaisukon morsian, and Seidi Haarla was the last winner in Compartment No. 6 at the 75th Jussi Awards in 2022.

Ansa Ikonen
Aili Ansa Inkeri Ikonen (19 December 1913 – 23 May 1989) was a Finnish film and theater actress. Ikonen was an intelligent comedian and a skillful character actress.  In a film career spanning three decades, Ikonen appeared in dozens of films, and was one of the most popular actresses of her time. Ansa Ikonen and Tauno Palo became the golden couple of Finnish cinema. She was one of the first four Finnish women film directors.
Cvetež, Moravče
Cvetež (Slovene pronunciation: [ˈtsʋeːtɛʃ], in older sources also Cveteš, German: Zwetesch) is a former settlement in the Municipality of Moravče in central Slovenia. It is now part of the village of Dešen. The area is part of the traditional region of Upper Carniola. The municipality is now included in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region.

Municipality of Moravče
The Municipality of Moravče (pronounced [mɔˈɾaːu̯tʃɛ]; Slovene: Občina Moravče) is a municipality in the traditional region of Upper Carniola in central Slovenia. The seat of the municipality is the town of Moravče. Moravče became a municipality in 1994.
2000 CR Vasco da Gama season
The 2000 season was Club de Regatas Vasco da Gama 102nd year in existence, the club's 85th season in existence of football, and the club's 30th season playing in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A, the top flight of Brazilian football.

2000 Copa Mercosur
The 2000 Copa Mercosur was the 3rd season of the Copa Mercosur, CONMEBOL's club tournament for countries in the southern part of America.

The competition started on 1 August 2000 and concluded on 20 December 2000 with Vasco da Gama beating Palmeiras in the final for its first title.

Romario was the top scorer with 11 goals.
Shughni language
Shughni is one of the Pamir languages of the Southeastern Iranian language group. Its distribution is in the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region in Tajikistan, Badakhshan Province in Afghanistan, Chitral district in Pakistan and Tashkurgan Tajik Autonomous County in China.

Shughni-Rushani tends towards SOV word order, distinguishes a masculine and feminine gender in nouns and some adjectives, as well as the 3rd person singular of verbs. Shughni distinguishes between an absolutive and an oblique case in its system of pronouns. Rushani is noted for a typologically unusual 'double-oblique' construction, also called a 'transitive case', in the past tense. Normally Soviet school scientists consider Rushani as a close but independent language to Shughni, while Western school scientists codes Rushani as a dialect of Shughni due to Afghanistan Rushani speakers living in the Shighnan district of Badakhshan Province.

Absolutive case
In grammar, the absolutive case (abbreviated ABS) is the case of nouns in ergative–absolutive languages that would generally be the subjects of intransitive verbs or the objects of transitive verbs in the translational equivalents of nominative–accusative languages such as English.
Paul Béchard
Paul Béchard (25 December 1899, Alès – 26 April 1982) was a French politician. He represented the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) in the Constituent Assembly elected in 1945, in the National Assembly from 1946 to 1948, from 1951 to 1955 and from 1958 to 1967 and in the Senate from 1955 to 1958. From January 27, 1948 to May 24, 1951 he was Governor of French West Africa. He was the mayor of Alès from 1947 to 1948 and from 1953 to 1965.

1945 French legislative election
Legislative elections were held in France on 21 October 1945 to elect a Constituent Assembly to draft a constitution for a Fourth French Republic. A total of 522 seats were elected through proportional representation; women were allowed to vote for the first time.
Shoyumame
Shoyumame (しょうゆ豆) is a regional cuisine of the Kagawa prefecture of Japan. Shoyumame consists of parched broad beans left overnight in a marinade consisting primarily of soy sauce and sugar, with mirin and sake usually included in the marinade. It is commonly served alongside lunch or dinner, or as an accompaniment to alcohol. Although similar in appearance, shoyumame should not be confused with shoyunomi—a regional dish of Nagano, Niigata, Yamagata and Kagoshima prefectures, which consists of steamed black beans that have been fermented in soy sauce with rice malt.

Vicia faba
Vicia faba, commonly known as the broad bean, fava bean, or faba bean, is a species of vetch, a flowering plant in the pea and bean family Fabaceae. It is widely cultivated as a crop for human consumption, and also as a cover crop. Varieties with smaller, harder seeds that are fed to horses or other animals are called field bean, tic bean or tick bean. This legume is commonly consumed in many national and regional cuisines.

Some people have favism, a hemolytic response to the consumption of broad beans, a condition linked to a metabolic disorder known as G6PDD. Otherwise the beans, with the outer seed coat removed, can be eaten raw or cooked. With young seed pods, the outer seed coat can be eaten, and in very young pods, the entire seed pod can be eaten.
1991–92 Scottish Challenge Cup
The 1991–92 Scottish Challenge Cup was the second season of the competition, which was also known as the B&Q Cup for sponsorship reasons. It was competed for by the 26 clubs in the Scottish Football League Division One and Two. The defending champions were Dundee, who defeated Ayr United 3–2 after extra time in the 1990 final.

The final was played on 8 December 1991, between Ayr United and Hamilton Academical at Fir Park, Motherwell. Hamilton Academical won 1–0, to win the tournament for the first time.

Motherwell
Motherwell (Scots: Mitherwall, Scottish Gaelic: Tobar na Màthar) is a town and former burgh in North Lanarkshire, Scotland, around 12 miles (19 km) south east of Glasgow. It has a population of around 32,120. Historically in the parish of Dalziel and part of Lanarkshire, Motherwell is the headquarters for North Lanarkshire Council. Geographically the River Clyde separates Motherwell from Hamilton to the west whereas the South Calder Water separates Motherwell from Carfin to the north-east and New Stevenston and Bellshill towards the north.

Motherwell is also geographically attached to Wishaw and the two towns form a large urban area in North Lanarkshire, with both towns having similar populations and strong community ties.
Coins of the Republic of Ireland
Since independence, there have been three sets of coins in Ireland. In all three, the coin showed a Celtic harp on the obverse. The pre-decimal coins of the Irish pound  had realistic animals on the reverse; the decimal coins retained some of these but featured ornamental birds on the lower denominations; and the euro coins used the common design of the euro currencies. The pre-decimal and original decimal coins were of the same dimensions as the same denomination British coins, as the Irish pound was in a de-facto currency union with the British pound sterling. British coins were widely accepted in Ireland, and conversely, to a lesser extent. In 1979, Ireland joined the Exchange Rate Mechanism and the Irish pound left parity with sterling; coin designs introduced after this differed between the two countries.

Currency union
A currency union (also known as monetary union) is an intergovernmental agreement that involves two or more states sharing the same currency. These states may not necessarily have any further integration (such as an economic and monetary union, which would have, in addition, a customs union and a single market).

There are three types of currency unions:

Informal – unilateral adoption of a foreign currency.

Formal – adoption of foreign currency by virtue of bilateral or multilateral agreement with the monetary authority, sometimes supplemented by issue of local currency in currency peg regime.

Formal with common policy – establishment by multiple countries of a common monetary policy and monetary authority for their common currency.

The theory of the optimal currency area addresses the question of how to determine what geographical regions should share a currency in order to maximize economic efficiency.
Matthew Adler
Matthew D. Adler (born 1962) is the Richard A. Horvitz Professor of Law and Professor of Economics, Philosophy and Public Policy at Duke Law School, and is the founding director of the Duke Center for Law, Economics and Public Policy. Earlier in his career, Adler was the Leon Meltzer Professor of Law at the University of Pennsylvania Law School.

Duke University School of Law
The Duke University School of Law is the law school of Duke University, a private university in Durham, North Carolina.

The school is a constituent academic unit that began in 1868 as the Trinity College School of Law. In 1924, following the renaming of Trinity College to Duke University, the school was renamed Duke University School of Law.
Labour insurance (Japan)
Labour insurance (労働保険, roudou hoken) is a term for two systems of government welfare programs employed in Japan: Unemployment insurance (雇用保険, koyou hoken) and Workers' accident compensation insurance (労働者災害補償保険, rousai hoken). Unemployment insurance is managed by Hello Work; and worker's accident compensation insurance is managed by the Labour Standards Office.

Labour Standards Bureau
The Labour Standards Bureau (労働基準局, Rōdō Kijunkyoku) is a bureau of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare responsible for maintaining work standards in Japan. It is tasked with securing and improving working conditions, ensuring the safety and health of workers, and is also responsible for managing Workers' Accident Compensation Insurance.
East Belitung Regency
East Belitung Regency (Kabupaten Belitung Timur) is a regency (kabupaten) of Bangka Belitung Islands Province, Indonesia, encompassing the eastern half of Belitung Island. It covers an area of 2,506.91 km2 (including 141 offshore islands) and had a population of 106,463 at the 2010 Census and 127,018 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2022 was 130,463 - comprising 67,145 males and 63,318 females. Its regency seat is the town of Manggar.

Regency seat
A regency seat (Indonesian: Ibu kota kabupaten) is a capital or seat of government of a regency in Indonesia. It is roughly equivalent of county seat in the United States or county town in the United Kingdom. Legally, regency seats are not administrative subdivisions of Indonesia and have no official boundaries. A regency seat may occupy an entire district (such as Sigli in Pidie Regency, Ngawi (town) in Ngawi Regency), a part of district (such as Sarilamak in Harau district, Lima Puluh Kota Regency), or several districts (such as Ungaran, which consists of West Ungaran district and East Ungaran district in  Semarang Regency).

The regent offices in most Indonesian regencies usually have Traditional design representing a Region, although dome in a roof sometimes can be added in some Indonesian regent offices, resembling a U.S. state capitol or a county courthouse.