hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Zoonotic origins of COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, was first introduced to humans through zoonosis (transmission of a pathogen to a human from an animal), and a zoonotic spillover event is the origin of SARS-CoV-2 that is considered most plausible by the scientific community. Human coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2 are zoonotic diseases that are often acquired through spillover infection from animals.

Variants of SARS-CoV-2
Variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are viruses that, while similar to the original, have genetic changes that are of enough significance to lead virologists to label them separately. SARS-CoV-2 is the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Some have been stated to be of particular importance, due to their potential for increased transmissibility, increased virulence, or reduced effectiveness of vaccines against them. These variants contribute to the continued circulation of SARS-CoV-2.

As of 25 June 2025, the variants of interest as specified by the World Health Organization are JN.1, and the variants under monitoring are KP.3, KP.3.1.1, JN.1.18, LP.8.1, NB.1.8.1, XEC and XFG.
Lamberto Puggelli
Lamberto Puggelli (1938 – 11 August 2013) was an Italian stage and opera director.

Born in Milan, in 1958 Puggelli graduated at the Accademia dei filodrammatici in Milan, then in the early sixties he began his career as a theater director for the Festival of Two Worlds in Spoleto. At the end of the sixties he also began to direct operas in Italy and abroad.

In the Seventies he worked with the Piccolo Teatro in Milan, at first as an assistant director of Giorgio Strehler then signing some works. He also staged several operas at the La Scala theater, his first in 1966 (Puccini's Turandot). For many years he has collaborated with the Teatro Stabile di Catania, becoming its artistic director in 2007.  He directed more than 300 works between prose and opera.

He died in Trecastagni, Catania after a long illness.

Spoleto
42°45′23″N 12°41′08″E﻿ / ﻿42.7564791°N 12.68547°E﻿ / 42.7564791; 12.68547
Spoleto (/spəˈleɪtoʊ/, also US: /spoʊˈleɪtoʊ, spoʊˈliːtoʊ/, UK: /spoʊˈlɛtoʊ/, Italian: [spoˈleːto]; Latin: Spoletium) is an ancient city in the Italian province of Perugia in east-central Umbria on a foothill of the Apennines. It is 20 km (12 mi) south of Trevi, 29 km (18 mi) north of Terni, 63 km (39 mi) southeast of Perugia; 212 km (132 mi) southeast of Florence; and 126 km (78 mi) north of Rome.
Lago di Lei
Lago di Lei (Lombard: Lach de Lei) is a reservoir in the Valle di Lei, powering the Hinterrhein storage power stations. The reservoir is almost entirely in Italy, but the barrage was built on territory ceded by Italy to Switzerland (municipality of Ferrera, Grisons) in 1955 after diplomatic talks, while an equivalent sized territory further north of the lake was ceded to Italy in the exchange. The dam is operated by Kraftwerke Hinterrhein.
The waters of the lake are the only waters in Italian territory that drain to the North Sea, being part of the Rhine's drainage basin. Other waters of Italy that do not flow to the Mediterranean Sea are found in the valley of Livigno, valley of Sexten, Puster Valley east of Innichen, and most of the waters of the municipality of Tarvisio east of Sella Nevea: all these waters flow to the Black Sea through the basin of the Danube.

Puster Valley
The Puster Valley (Italian: Val Pusteria [ˈval pusteˈriːa]; German: Pustertal, Ladin: Val de Puster) is one of the largest longitudinal valleys in the Alps that runs in an east-west direction between Lienz in East Tyrol, Austria, and Mühlbach near Brixen in South Tyrol, Italy. The South Tyrolean municipalities of the Puster Valley constitute the Puster Valley district.
United States Post Office and Courthouse (Norfolk, Nebraska)
The U.S. Post Office and Courthouse in Norfolk, Nebraska, United States, was built in 1904.  Designed by James Knox Taylor, it includes Late 19th and 20th Century Revivals architecture.  It served historically as a courthouse, as a correctional facility, and as a post office.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.

The building is now privately owned, and houses a number of offices.  It has been named the McMill Building, the "McMill" deriving not from a person's name, but from the date in Roman numbers, MCMIII, above the west entrance.

Norfolk, Nebraska
Norfolk is a city in Madison County, Nebraska, United States, 113 miles (182 km) northwest of Omaha and 76 miles southwest of Sioux City, Iowa, at the intersection of U.S. Routes 81 and 275. The population was 24,955 at the 2020 census, making it the seventh-most populous city in Nebraska. It is the principal city of the Norfolk Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Edgar Douglas Richmond Bissett
Edgar Douglas Richmond Bissett (May 3, 1890 – January 14, 1990) was a Liberal-Progressive Member of Parliament in the House of Commons of Canada.

A surgeon by profession, Bissett first ran for federal office in the 1925 federal election as a Liberal candidate in Springfield, Manitoba but was defeated. He ran again in 1926 as a Liberal-Progressive and was successful against Conservative incumbent Thomas Hay and Labour candidate Thomas Dunn. He sat as a backbench supporter of the Liberal government of William Lyon Mackenzie King until he was defeated in the 1930 federal election.

His daughter, Joan Bissett Neiman, was a Liberal Senator from 1972 to 1995.

The mining community of Bissett, Manitoba was named for him.

1930 Canadian federal election
The 1930 Canadian federal election was held on July 28, 1930, to elect members  of the House of Commons of the 17th Parliament of Canada. Richard Bedford Bennett's Conservative Party won a majority government, defeating the Liberal Party led by Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King. 3,922,481 votes were cast in this election.
Repeating circle
The repeating circle is an instrument for geodetic surveying, developed from the reflecting circle by Étienne Lenoir in 1784. He invented it while an assistant of Jean-Charles de Borda, who later improved the instrument. It was notable as being the equal of the great theodolite created by the renowned instrument maker, Jesse Ramsden. It was used to measure the meridian arc from Dunkirk to Barcelona by Jean Baptiste Delambre and Pierre Méchain (see: meridian arc of Delambre and Méchain).

Jean Baptiste Joseph Delambre
Jean Baptiste Joseph, chevalier Delambre (19 September 1749 – 19 August 1822) was a French mathematician, astronomer, historian of astronomy, and geodesist. He was also director of the Paris Observatory, and author of well-known books on the history of astronomy from ancient times to the 18th century.
Milica Kubura
Milica Kubura (Serbian Cyrillic: Милица Кубура; born 20 March 1995) is a Serbian-Greek international volleyball player with the Serbian national team, who plays as an opposite spiker. On club level she plays for Olympiacos Piraeus.

A1 Ethniki Women's Volleyball
The Greek Women's Volleyball League is organised by Hellenic Volleyball Federation (Greek:Ελληνική Ομοσπονδία Πετοσφαίρισης).
Panathinaikos won the first championship in 1971. During the first decade, Panathinaikos and ZAON Kifissia dominated. Panathinaikos have won 26 championships.
William Alatalo
William Alatalo (born 19 April 2002) is a Finnish racing driver of Ethiopian descent currently competing in the Italian GT Championship with Lazarus Corse. He most recently raced for Jenzer Motorsport in the FIA Formula 3 Championship.

Team Lazarus
Team Lazarus, currently competing as L&A Infinity Racing, is an Italian auto racing team, based in Padova, which is currently competing in the International GT Open and Blancpain GT Endurance Series formerly starting in GP2 Series and Auto GP.
Burry Port Urban District
The Burry Port Urban District was an urban district covering the town of Burry Port in Carmarthenshire between 1903 and 1974, when it was absorbed into the District of Llanelli.

The first election was held in May 1903 after Carmarthenshire County Council agreed to establish new urban districts at Ammanford and Burry Port.

John Henry Williams was a chairman of the council.

John Henry Williams (politician)
John Henry Williams (19 May 1869 – 7 February 1936), also known as Snowden Williams, was a Liverpool-born Welsh Labour Party politician.

Educated in Cardiff, Oxford and at the London Hospital, he graduated with the Licence of the Society of Apothecaries (LSA) in 1902.

He was initially employed as a ship's surgeon for the Booth Shipping Line, before becoming a general practitioner in Burry Port, Carmarthenshire. He was elected to Burry Port Urban District Council, serving as its chairman. He was also a member of Carmarthenshire County Council where he was the chairman of the health committee and of the child welfare committee.

At the 1922 general election, he was elected as Member of Parliament (MP) for Llanelli, and held the seat until he died from pneumonia in 1936.
Battle of the Brave
Battle of the Brave (French: Nouvelle-France, lit. 'New France') is a 2004 historical romance film directed by Jean Beaudin, written by Pierre Billon and starring Noémie Godin-Vigneau, David La Haye, Juliette Gosselin, Sébastien Huberdeau, Gérard Depardieu, Bianca Gervais, Irène Jacob, Pierre Lebeau, Vincent Pérez, Isabel Richer, Tim Roth, Jason Isaacs and Colm Meaney. Separate English and French language versions were shot simultaneously. The film cost CA$30 million, making it as of 2004, the most expensive ever made in Quebec.

Vincent Perez
Vincent Perez (born 10 June 1964) is a Swiss actor, director and photographer. He played the title character, Ashe Corven, in The Crow: City of Angels, and starred in Queen of the Damned, playing Marius de Romanus. Some of his films in French cinema include Cyrano de Bergerac, Le Bossu, La Reine Margot and Indochine.
The Jump series 1
The Jump began airing its first series live on Channel 4 from 26 January 2014 for 8 non-consecutive nights ending on 3 February 2014. The series was presented by Davina McCall and Alex Brooker. The celebrities were trained by Amy Williams and Graham Bell, with Eddie "The Eagle" Edwards mentoring them.

Olympic Sliding Centre Innsbruck
The Olympic Sliding Centre Innsbruck is a venue for bobsleigh, luge and skeleton located in Igls, Austria (southeast of Innsbruck). The most recent version of the track was completed in 1975 and is the first permanent, combination artificially refrigerated bobsleigh, luge, and skeleton track, serving as a model for other tracks of its kind worldwide. It hosted the bobsleigh, luge, and skeleton competitions for the 2012 Winter Youth Olympics.
Bukhari (heater)
A bukhāri (Persian بُخاری) is a traditional space heater, typically a wood-burning stove, from Central Asia and northern areas of the Indian subcontinent. Bukharis consist of a wide cylindrical fire chamber at the base in which wood, charcoal or other fuel is burned, and a narrower cylinder on the top that helps heat the room and acts as a chimney. The base of an Indian bukhari is wider than that of most western wood-burning stoves. Bukharis are found in the entire northern belt of the region, i.e. Afghanistan, Tajikistan, northern Pakistan, North India, Nepal, Bhutan and Northeast India.

Wood-burning stove
A wood-burning stove (or wood burner or log burner in the UK) is a heating or cooking appliance capable of burning wood fuel, often called solid fuel, and wood-derived biomass fuel, such as sawdust bricks. Generally the appliance consists of a solid metal (usually cast iron or steel) closed firebox, often lined by fire brick, and one or more air controls (which can be manually or automatically operated depending upon the stove). The first wood-burning stove was patented in Strasbourg in 1557. This was two centuries before the Industrial Revolution, so iron was still prohibitively expensive. The first wood-burning stoves were high-end consumer items and only gradually became used widely.

The stove is connected by ventilating stove pipe to a suitable flue, which will fill with hot combustion gases once the fuel is ignited. The chimney or flue gases must be hotter than the outside temperature to ensure combustion gases are drawn out of the fire chamber and up the chimney.
Ashley (automobile)
Ashley were manufacturers of body shells and chassis for specials from 1955 to 1962. They also offered a range of products for special builds: radiators, header tanks, lighting sets, steel tubing, sheet aluminium, various suspension parts, water pumps, tires, tubes and wheels. The company also made bonnets and hardtops for other mass-produced sports cars, including the Austin-Healey Sprite and Jaguar E-Type.

Chassis
A chassis (US: /ˈtʃæ.si/, UK: /ˈʃæ.si/; plural chassis /-iz/ from French châssis [ʃɑsi]), is the load-bearing framework of a manufactured object, which structurally supports the object in its construction and function. An example of a chassis is a vehicle frame, the underpart of a motor vehicle, on which the body is mounted; if the running gear such as wheels and transmission, and sometimes even the driver's seat, are included, then the assembly is described as a rolling chassis.
To the Bone (song)
"To the Bone" is a song by American hip hop superduo Unc & Phew and rapper YoungBoy Never Broke Again from the former two's collaborative album Only Built for Infinity Links (2022). It was produced by Atake, Larzz and Sluzyyy.

Only Built for Infinity Links
Only Built for Infinity Links is the only studio album by American hip hop duo Unc & Phew, consisting of Quavo and Takeoff. It was released through Quality Control Music and Motown on October 7, 2022. The album contains guest appearances from Mustard, YoungBoy Never Broke Again, Young Thug, Gunna, Summer Walker, Birdman, and Gucci Mane. It was the last project released in Takeoff's lifetime as he was shot and killed just 25 days after the album's release on November 1, 2022.
Oxnard (album)
Oxnard is the third studio album by American singer Anderson .Paak. It was released on November 16, 2018, by 12Tone Music, Aftermath Entertainment, and OBE. The album features guest appearances from Kadhja Bonet, Norelle, Kendrick Lamar, Sonyae Elise, Dr. Dre, Cocoa Sarai, Pusha T, Snoop Dogg, The Last Artful, Dodgr, J. Cole, Q-Tip, and BJ the Chicago Kid.

Oxnard was supported by two singles: "Tints" and "Who R U?" The album received generally positive reviews from critics, and debuted at number 11 on the US Billboard 200.

Kadhja Bonet
Kadhja Bonet (/ˈkɑːdjə boʊˈneɪ/ KAHD-yə boh-NAY;  born January 31, 1988) is an American singer and songwriter. In 2014, she released her debut single, "Tears for Lamont". Later that year, she 
self-released her debut EP, The Visitor EP (2015), and in 2016 she re-released it as an album under Fat Possum Records and Fresh Selects, which received critical appraisal. Her second album, Childqueen (2018), charted in US Billboard's Independent Albums and Heatseekers Albums. The same year, she released her second EP, Childqueen Outtakes (2018). Her third EP, California Holiday (2022), was released. She also collaborated with many musicians.
Desert Punk
Desert Punk (Japanese: 砂ぼうず, Hepburn: Sunabōzu) is a Japanese post-apocalyptic manga series written and illustrated by Masatoshi Usune, serialized in Enterbrain's Comic Beam from August 1997 to October 2020. The published chapters have been collected in 22 volumes.

The manga was adapted into a 24-episode anime television series produced by Gonzo and directed by Takayuki Inagaki with character designs by Takahiro Yoshimatsu and music by Kouhei Tanaka. It aired in Japan from October 4, 2004, to March 28, 2005. Funimation has licensed the series for distribution in the United States.

Kohei Tanaka (composer)
Kohei Tanaka (Japanese: 田中 公平, Hepburn: Tanaka Kōhei; born February 14, 1954) is a Japanese composer, arranger, conductor and singer-songwriter. He is affiliated with the music production company Imagine. He has created numerous musical scores for anime television series, OVAs, films, video games and tokusatsu series including Choushinsei Flashman, Gunbuster, Sakura Wars, The King of Braves GaoGaiGar, Betterman, and One Piece.
USS Cod
USS Cod (SS/AGSS/IXSS-224) is a Gato-class submarine, the only vessel of the United States Navy to be named for the cod, an important and very popular food fish of the North Atlantic and North Pacific oceans. She was launched on 21 March 1943, and commissioned on 21 June 1943.

Cod is now a National Historic Landmark, preserved as a museum ship and memorial permanently moored in Cleveland, Ohio, and is open to visitors daily from May to November.

Cleveland Diesel Engine Division
The Cleveland Diesel Engine Division of General Motors (GM) was a leading research, design and production facility of diesel engines from the 1930s to the 1960s that was based in Cleveland, Ohio. The Cleveland Diesel Engine Division designed several 2 stroke diesel engines for submarines, tugboats, destroyer escorts, Patapsco-class gasoline tankers and other marine applications. Emergency generator sets were also built around the Cleveland Diesel and were installed in many US warships. The division was created in 1938 from the GM-owned Winton Engine Corporation and was folded into the GM Electro-Motive Division in 1962. The engines continue in use today on older tugs.
Zoltán Kuhárszky
Zoltán Kuhárszky (born 8 July 1959) is a former tennis player from Hungary who became a Swiss citizen in 1995. Kuharszky won two doubles titles during his professional career. He reached his highest singles ATP ranking on July 30, 1984, when he became the number 53 in the world, though he never won a singles title in his career.

Zoltan Kuharszky was the captain of the Hungary Davis Cup team from December 2014 to December 2016. He stepped down due to conflict of interest because he became the coach of Máté Valkusz who is a member of the Hungarian Davis Cup team. In the past, he coached Anke Huber, Jennifer Capriati, Ana Ivanovic, Myriam Casanova, Ágnes Szávay, Polona Hercog, and Petra Martić.

Polona Hercog
Polona Hercog (Slovene pronunciation: [pɔˈlóːna ˈxèːɾtsɔk], born 20 January 1991) is a Slovenian professional tennis player. Her career-high WTA rankings are world No. 35 in singles and No. 56 in doubles. She has won five titles on the WTA Tour, three in singles and two in doubles. Hercog also has had success on the ITF Women's Circuit, winning 19 singles and five doubles titles.

Partnering with Jessica Moore, she won the French Open and Wimbledon junior titles in the doubles competition in 2008.
Zane King
Zane Warren King is an Australian former swimmer of the 1990s who competed in medley events.

King, a swimmer from Galston on the outskirts of Sydney, trained at the Australian Institute of Sport in Canberra.

In 1997, King came sixth in the 200m individual medley at the FINA Short Course World Championships and competed at the Pan Pacific Championships in Fukuoka, where he won the B final of the 200m individual medley.

King, a national champion in the 400 m individual medley, was a bronze medalist in that event at the Kuala Lumpur Commonwealth Games in 1998 and also represented Australia at that year's FINA World Championships in Perth.

His wife Rebecca Brown is a former Olympic swimmer.

Galston, New South Wales
Galston is a semi-rural suburb located in The Hills District of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Galston is located from the city at 36 kilometres north-west of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of the Hornsby Shire. Galston is in the NSW state electoral district of Hornsby and Federal division of Berowra. Galston is situated 16 minutes away from the suburb of Hornsby.
IUPAC nomenclature of chemistry
IUPAC nomenclature is a set of recommendations for naming chemical compounds and for describing chemistry and biochemistry in general. The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) is the international authority on chemical nomenclature and terminology.

N,N-Diisopropylethylamine
N,N-Diisopropylethylamine, or Hünig's base, is an organic compound that is a tertiary amine. It is named after the German chemist Siegfried Hünig. It is used in organic chemistry as a non-nucleophilic base. It is commonly abbreviated as DIPEA, DIEA, or i-Pr2NEt.
Armstrong House (Lumpkin, Georgia)
The Armstrong House is a single-story Greek Revival-style historic house built around 1840 and located on Broad St. in Lumpkin, Georgia, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

It is a one-story Greek Revival house. It was deemed notable as one of the earliest surviving houses in Lumpkin, as "a good example of the more modest interpretation of prevailing architectural styles in the early 19th century ... occupied by less affluent or less ostentatious members of Lumpkin's 19th century merchant class."

Historic house
A historic house generally meets several criteria before being listed by an official body as "historic." Generally the building is at least a certain age, depending on the rules for the individual list.  A second factor is that the building be in recognizably the same form as when it became historic.  Third is a requirement that either an event of historical importance happened at the site, or that a person of historical significance was associated with the site, or that the building itself is important for its architecture or interior. Many historic houses are also considered museums and retain permanent collections that help tell the story of their house and the era.
Firestarter (1984 film)
Firestarter is a 1984 American science fiction thriller horror film based on Stephen King's 1980 novel of the same name. The plot concerns a girl who develops pyrokinesis and the secret government agency known as The Shop which seeks to control her. The film was directed by Mark L. Lester, and stars David Keith, Drew Barrymore, Martin Sheen and George C. Scott. Firestarter was shot in and around Wilmington, Chimney Rock, and Lake Lure, North Carolina. This is the second film which featured the collaboration between Scott and Sheen, after 1972's film Rage.

A miniseries follow-up to the film, Firestarter: Rekindled, was released in 2002 on the Sci-Fi Channel and a remake, also titled Firestarter and produced by Blumhouse Productions, was released on May 13, 2022.

Rage (1972 film)
Rage is a 1972 American environmental thriller film directed by George C. Scott in his feature directorial debut, and starring Scott, Richard Basehart, Martin Sheen, and Barnard Hughes. The plot, which is inspired by the 1968 Dugway sheep incident, follows a rancher and his family who are fatally exposed to a military lab's poison gas.

The film was released by Warner Bros. Pictures on November 22, 1972. It received mixed reviews.
1954 Minnesota lieutenant gubernatorial election
The 1954 Minnesota lieutenant gubernatorial election took place on November 2, 1954. Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party candidate Karl Rolvaag defeated Republican Party of Minnesota challenger P. Kenneth Peterson.

Karl Rolvaag
Karl Fritjof Rolvaag (July 18, 1913 – December 20, 1990) was an American diplomat and politician who served as the 31st governor of Minnesota from March 25, 1963, to January 2, 1967, as a member of the Democratic-Farmer-Labor (DFL) Party. He was the son of the author and professor Ole E. Rølvaag.

The 1962 election was held on November 6, but the results were not known until a 139-day recount was completed in March 1963. Rolvaag won the closest gubernatorial election in state history, defeating the incumbent, Elmer L. Andersen by 91 votes out of over 1.3 million cast. He is one of only five Minnesota Democrats to win a gubernatorial election with a Democrat in the White House.