hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lorentz Diderich Klüwer
Lorentz Diderich Klüwer (23 December 1790 – 4 January 1825) was a Norwegian officer, cartographer and antiquarian.

Klüwer was born at Verdal Municipality in Nord-Trøndelag, Norway. He was the son of  Wilhelm Klüwer (1759–1816) and Sophie Hersleb Krog (1771–1848).
From 1804–08, he attended the Norwegian Military Academy in Christiania (now Oslo). Klüwer entered the Royal Norwegian Army becoming a  Captain in 1815 and Major in 1823.  From 1811, Klüwer was a member of the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters.

From 1810 until 1814, he worked to make military maps of northern Norway from Femunden to Snåsa Municipality. His work included surveys, historical maps and a registry of cultural monuments.  His Kart over Norges militaire Inddeling was published in 1821. Klüwer's main work, Norske Mindesmerker, was published in 1823.

Snåsa Municipality
Snåsa (Norwegian; pronounced [ˈsnòːsɑ]) or Snåase (Southern Sami); /ˈsnɔ̯ɑse/ is a municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is part of the Innherred region. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Snåsa. Other villages include Agle and Jørstad.

The 2,343-square-kilometre (905 sq mi) municipality is the 23rd largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Snåsa Municipality is the 275th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 2,114 inhabitants. The municipality's population density is 0.9 inhabitants per square kilometre (2.3/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 1.9% over the previous 10-year period.

Snåsa is one of the last strongholds for the seriously endangered Southern Sami language.
The Journal of Military History
The Journal of Military History is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering the military history of all times and places. It is the official journal of the Society for Military History. The journal was established in 1937 and the editor-in-chief is Bruce Vandervort (Virginia Military Institute). It is abstracted and indexed in the Arts & Humanities Citation Index and Current Contents/Arts & Humanities.

Current Contents
Current Contents is a rapid alerting service database from Clarivate, formerly the Institute for Scientific Information and Thomson Reuters. It is published online and in several different printed subject sections.
Koppio
Koppio is a locality in the Australian state of South Australia located on the Eyre Peninsula about 256 kilometres (159 mi) west of the state capital of Adelaide and about 32 kilometres (20 mi) north of Port Lincoln, and within the Tod River catchment area, Southern Australia While long-established agricultural activities dominate (including sheep, cattle and buffalo grazing and wheat cropping) the region is also prospective for graphite and iron ore. The Koppio Smithy Museum is a local tourist attraction replete with buildings and artifacts representing the early pioneer heritage of Eyre Peninsula.

Graphite
Graphite (/ˈɡræfaɪt/) is a crystalline allotrope (form) of the element carbon. It consists of many stacked layers of graphene, typically in excess of hundreds of layers. Graphite occurs naturally and is the most stable form of carbon under standard conditions.  Synthetic and natural graphite are consumed on a large scale (1.3 million metric tons per year in 2022) for uses in many critical industries including refractories (50%), lithium-ion batteries (18%), foundries (10%), and lubricants (5%), among others (17%). Graphite converts to diamond under extremely high pressure and temperature. Graphite's low cost, thermal and chemical inertness and characteristic conductivity of heat and electricity finds numerous applications in high energy and high temperature processes.
Turn It Up (The Feeling song)
"Turn It Up" is the third single from English rock band the Feeling's second album, Join with Us (2008). It was released digitally on 30 June, with the CD out on 7 July.  Included on the single are "Turn It Up", new song "Make Me Pay", a cover version of the Velvet Underground's "Femme Fatale", and two remixes of "Turn It Up".

Upon its release, the song peaked at number 67 on the UK Singles Chart, becoming their second-lowest-charting single. The band performed "Turn It Up" on The Graham Norton Show on 5 June 2008 and on The Sunday Night Project on 6 July 2008.

Join with Us (album)
Join with Us is the second full-length studio album from the British rock band the Feeling. It was released on 18 February 2008, preceded by the first single from the album, "I Thought It Was Over".

The album sold 41,676 copies in the UK during its first week, debuting at number 1 on the UK Albums Chart. This was lower than the first-week sales of their debut album Twelve Stops and Home, which sold 43,304 copies despite peaking at number 2.
Cadillac Gage Peacekeeper II
The Cadillac Gage Peacekeeper II is a four-wheeled armored personnel carrier marketed as an internal security vehicle, produced by Textron Marine & Land Systems. Per its name, it is the successor to the Cadillac Gage Ranger, which was alternatively known as the Cadillac Gage Peacekeeper. Built on a Ford F-350 chassis, the Peacekeeper II was unveiled in 2003 and, like its predecessor, was designed for militaries as an internal security and military police vehicle, as well as for law enforcement as a SWAT vehicle, though it was less popular.

The Cadillac Gage Peacekeeper II is no longer offered by Textron, with trademarks cancelled, though it is unclear when it was discontinued. It was developed at a unit cost of approximately US$170,000.

Armoured personnel carrier
An armoured personnel carrier (APC) is a broad type of armoured military vehicle designed to transport personnel and equipment in combat zones. Since World War I, APCs have become a very common piece of military equipment around the world.

According to the definition in the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe, an APC is "an armoured combat vehicle which is designed and equipped to transport a combat infantry squad and which, as a rule, is armed with an integral or organic weapon of less than 20 millimetres calibre." Compared to infantry fighting vehicles (IFVs), which are also used to carry infantry into battle, APCs have less armament and are not designed to provide direct fire support in battle. Infantry units that travel in APCs are known as mechanized infantry. Some militaries also make a distinction between infantry units that use APCs and infantry units that use IFVs, with the latter being known as armoured infantry.
King's Hall, Sydney
King's Hall was a building at 69 Hunter Street, Sydney, built for the Theosophical Society. Its foundation-stone was laid by the eminent Theosophist Charles "Bishop" Leadbeater, who opened the building on 4 June 1916. The hall was chiefly used for public lectures.

The Theosophical Society split into two factions in the 1920s, chiefly on account of Leadbeater: the Independent Theosophical Society took the Hunter Street property and Adyar House, at 19 Bligh Street, founded in 1925, by the others.

Charles Webster Leadbeater
Charles Webster Leadbeater (/ˈlɛdˌbɛtər/; 16 February 1854 – 1 March 1934) was a member of the Theosophical Society, Co-Freemasonry, an author on occult subjects, and the co-initiator, with J. I. Wedgwood, of the Liberal Catholic Church.

Originally a priest of the Church of England, his interest in spiritualism caused him to end his affiliation with Anglicanism in favour of the Theosophical Society, where he became an associate of Annie Besant. He became a high-ranking officer of the Society and remained one of its leading members until his death in 1934, writing over 60 books and pamphlets and maintaining regular speaking engagements.
Sewagram Express
The 12139 / 12140 Sewagram Superfast Express is an Superfast Express train belonging to Indian Railways that runs between Mumbai CSMT and Nagpur Junction in India.

It operates as train number 12139 from Mumbai CSMT to Nagpur Junction and as train number 12140 in the reverse direction.

Indian locomotive class WAP-7
The Indian locomotive class WAP-7 is a class of 25 kV AC electric locomotives that was developed in 1999 by Chittaranjan Locomotive Works (CLW) for Indian Railways. Its class designation denotes a broad gauge (W) alternating current (A) passenger (P) locomotive of the 7th generation (7). They entered service in 2000. A total of 2081 WAP-7 locomotives have been built, with more units being built at CLW, Banaras Locomotive Works (BLW) and Patiala Locomotive Works (PLW).

The WAP-7 has been serving passengers for Indian Railways since their introduction in 1999. It is a passenger variant of the WAG-9 freight locomotive with a modified gear ratio to pull lighter loads at higher speeds. With an output of 6,125 hp, it is the most powerful passenger locomotive in the Indian Railways fleet, and the most numerous passenger locomotive in India. The WAP-7 is capable of hauling 24 coach trains at speeds of 130 km/h.
Ann Lewis (barrel racer)
Ann Lewis (June 4, 1958 – October 2, 1968) was an American barrel racer. In December 1968, she won the barrel racing world championship posthumously, becoming the youngest barrel racing champion in the Girls Rodeo Association (now the Women's Professional Rodeo Association).

Barrel racing
Barrel racing is a rodeo event in which a horse and rider attempt to run around preset barrels in the fastest time. In collegiate and professional ranks, it is usually a women's event, though both sexes compete at amateur and youth levels.  It requires a combination of the horse's athletic ability and the horsemanship skills of a rider in order to safely and successfully maneuver the horse around three barrels placed in a triangle pattern within a large arena.
Radical 196
Radical 196 or radical bird (鳥部) meaning "bird" is one of the 6 Kangxi radicals (214 radicals in total) composed of 11 strokes.

In the Kangxi Dictionary, there are 750 characters (out of 49,030) to be found under this radical.

鸟 (5 strokes), the simplified form of 鳥, is the 114th indexing component in the Table of Indexing Chinese Character Components predominantly adopted by Simplified Chinese dictionaries published in mainland China, with 鳥 listed as its associated indexing component. The simplified form 鸟 is derived from the cursive script form of 鳥.

Chinese character radicals
A radical (Chinese: 部首; pinyin: bùshǒu; lit. 'section header'), or indexing component, is a visually prominent component of a Chinese character under which the character is traditionally listed in a Chinese dictionary. The radical for a character is typically a semantic component, but it can also be another structural component or an artificially extracted portion of the character. In some cases, the original semantic or phonological connection has become obscure, owing to changes in the meaning or pronunciation of the character over time.

The use of the English term radical is based on an analogy between the structure of Chinese characters and the inflection of words in European languages. Radicals are also sometimes called classifiers, but this name is more commonly applied to the grammatical measure words in Chinese.
Ivan Vukotić
Ivan Vukotić (Serbian Cyrillic: Иван Вукотић) was a Montenegrin vojvoda, diplomat, politician and the first head of the Governing senate of Montenegro and the Highlands, established in 1831, during the reign of prince-bishop Petar II Petrović-Njegoš.

In 1831, Vukotić was appointed one of the 16 Montenegrin senators. in January 1832 he was elected president of this body, and Matija Vučićević vice-president. Both Vukotić and Vučićević, although ethnic Montenegrins, were Russian citizens.

In early 1834, Vukotić and Vučićević were removed from their positions, after disagreements with the Montenegrin ruler Petar II Petrović-Njegoš. Vukotić was replaced as president by Peter II's brother Pero Tomov Petrović-Njegoš.

Brda (Montenegro)
Brda (Montenegrin Cyrillic and Serbian Cyrillic: Брда, meaning Highlands or Hills) refers to a historical and ethnographical region in Montenegro. The Brda are one of the country's four historic tribal regions, along with Old Montenegro, Old Herzegovina and the Montenegrin Littoral. The historical tribes of the Brda are the Vasojevići, the Bjelopavlići, the Piperi, the Kuči, the Bratonožići, the Moračani and the Rovčani. Collectively known as "the seven tribes" (Montenegrin and Serbian: Sedam plemena / Седам племена) or "the seven hills" (Sedmoro brda / Седморо Брда), they were referred to as "Highlander tribes" (Brdska plemena / Брдска племена) before their gradual integration into Montenegro, from the late 18th to the early 20th century. As a result, members of these tribes are also often called "Highlanders" (Brđani / Брђани).
Coerney
Coerney is a river and railway station 64 km north of Gqeberha, on the route to Rosmead, situated in the Sundays River Valley in Sarah Baartman District Municipality. Recorded as early as 1752 (in a journal of A.F. Beutler), the name is derived from Khoekhoen and means 'narrow (not "small") forest'. Formerly also known as Hoender Craal, from Dutch parelhoender, 'guinea-fowl'.

Rosmead
Rosmead is a village 12 km east of Middelburg and 75 km west-south-west of Steynsburg. It was founded in 1880 and at first named Middelburg Road, but renamed in 1883 after Sir Hercules George Robinson, Lord Rosmead (1824–1897), who was Governor of the Cape Colony from 1880 to 1889.
XLCubed
XLCubed was a business intelligence software and consulting services company. Established in 2001, XLCubed developed business intelligence software (for Microsoft Excel and Web-based reporting) and provided business intelligence and performance management consulting services.

XLCubed software was used by business end users to create dynamic reports, dashboards, and planning solutions which are then deployed either via Microsoft Excel or the Web.

The company was acquired by Fluence in 2021, and the products were rebranded.

Microsoft Excel
Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet editor developed by Microsoft for Windows, macOS, Android, iOS and iPadOS. It features calculation or computation capabilities, graphing tools, pivot tables, and a macro programming language called Visual Basic for Applications (VBA).

Excel forms part of the Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Office suites of software and has been developed since 1985.
Selwyn Wright
Selwyn Wright (/ˈˈseˌlwɪnˈˈraɪt /) (29 October 1934 – 12 February 2015) was an English physicist, who held the Brook Crompton Chair of Engineering at the University of Huddersfield in the UK. He is best known for the development of what the media termed "The Silence Machine" which was covered in some press, in New Scientist, and on some broadcast news networks in the US.

University of Huddersfield
The University of Huddersfield is a public research university located in Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, England. It has been a University since 1992, but has its origins in a series of institutions dating back to the 19th century. It has made teaching quality a particular focus of its activities, winning the inaugural Higher Education Academy Global Teaching Excellence Award in 2017, and achieving a Teaching Excellence Framework (TEF) Gold Award, in 2017  and 2023. The university has also put an increasing focus on research quality, and as of 2022 more than three quarters of its academic staff hold a doctorate, the third highest rate in England.

Its chancellor George W. Buckley, a graduate of the university and a former CEO of 3M, was appointed in 2020.
Sony FE 50mm F1.8
The Sony FE 50mm F1.8 is a standard full-frame prime lens for the Sony E-mount, released by Sony in 2016.

The lens is one of Sony's first budget lens offerings for the 50mm focal length. Though designed for Sony's full frame E-mount cameras, the lens can be used on Sony's APS-C E-mount camera bodies, with an equivalent full-frame field-of-view of 75mm.

Prime lens
In film and photography, a prime lens is a fixed focal length photographic lens (as opposed to a zoom lens), typically with a maximum aperture from f2.8 to f1.2. The term can also mean the primary lens in a combination lens system.
Confusion between these two meanings can occur without clarifying context. Alternate terms, such as primary focal length, fixed focal length, or FFL are sometimes used to avoid ambiguity.
Georg Trašanov
Georg Trašanov (born 18 November 1954) is an Estonian politician. 2003–2010 he served as the governor of Valga County.

In 2010 he was sentenced to prison for 4 years because of bribe-taking from the managing director of GoBus, Kalle Muru.

Valga County
Valga County (Estonian: Valga maakond or Valgamaa) is a first-level administrative unit and one of 15 counties of Estonia. It comprises the former area of the Valga District. The present-day county was created on 1 January 1990. The capital and largest town of Valga County is Valga, followed by Tõrva and Otepää. It is located in the southern part of the country and borders Põlva and Võru counties to the east, Latvia to the south and west, and Viljandi and Tartu County to the north. 27,650 people live in Valga County as of 2022.
Maghreb highway
The Maghreb highway (in Arabic: الطريق السيارة المغاربية) is a highway through the Maghreb region of North Africa (passing through Mauritania, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya). The highway is made up of an Atlantic main road (from Nouakchott to Rabat), and a Mediterranean main road (from Rabat to Tripoli).

Sfax
Sfax (/s(ə)ˈfæks/ s(ə-)FAKS; Arabic: صفاقس, romanized: Ṣafāqis, Tunisian Arabic: [ˈsˤfaːqəs] ⓘ) is a major port city in Tunisia, located 270 km (170 mi) southeast of Tunis. The city, founded in AD 849 on the ruins of Taparura, is the capital of the Sfax Governorate (about 955,421 inhabitants in 2014), and a Mediterranean port. Sfax has a population of 341,999 (census 2022). Its main industries include phosphate, olive and nut processing, fishing (it is the largest fishing port in Tunisia) and international trade. The city is the second-most populous in the country after the capital, Tunis.
Gill, Nakodar
Gill is a village in Nakodar in Jalandhar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 30 km from Nakodar, 28 km from Kapurthala, 44 km from district headquarter Jalandhar and 188 km from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by a sarpanch who is an elected representative of village as per Panchayati raj (India).

Jalandhar district
Jalandhar district is a district in Doaba region of the state of Punjab, India. The district headquarters is the city of Jalandhar.

Before the Partition of India, Jalandhar was also the headquarters of the Jalandhar Division, with constituent districts Jalandhar, Hoshiarpur, Ludhiana, Ferozepur and Kangra. The entire Jalandhar Division was awarded to India when Punjab was partitioned.
William Wright (Canadian politician)
William Wright (October 29, 1853 – January 3, 1926) was a Canadian politician.

Born in Egremont Township, Grey County, Canada West, the son of David Wright, Irish, and his wife, Susanna Foster, English, Wright was educated in the Public School of Egremont. He was a blacksmith, general merchant, and a general agent. He was Councillor and Reeve of the Township of Chaffey, also Councillor and Reeve of the Town of Huntsville, Ontario. He was first elected to the House of Commons of Canada for the riding of Muskoka in the 1904 federal election. A Conservative, he was re-elected in 1908 and 1911.

A Methodist, he married Mary Elizabeth Quirt on October 23, 1878.

Grey County
Grey County is a county in the province of Ontario. The county is located in the Southwestern Ontario region, and is a part of the Georgian Triangle. At the time of the 2021 Canadian census the population of the county was 100,905. Owen Sound is the county seat and the largest city in Grey County.
Régiment de Hull
Le Régiment de Hull (RCAC) is a Primary Reserve armoured cavalry regiment of the Canadian Army. The regiment is based in the Hull sector of Gatineau, Quebec, near Ottawa, Ontario. Active in all aspects of the day-to-day life of Outaouais residents, the unit is the only francophone military presence in the area.

Armoured warfare
Armoured warfare is the use of armoured fighting vehicles in modern warfare. It is a major component of modern methods of war. The premise of armoured warfare rests on the ability of troops to penetrate conventional defensive lines through use of manoeuvre by armoured units.

Much of the application of armoured warfare depends on the use of tanks and related vehicles used by other supporting arms such as infantry fighting vehicles, self-propelled artillery, and other combat vehicles, as well as mounted combat engineers and other support units. The doctrine of armoured warfare was developed to break the static nature of World War I trench warfare on the Western Front, and return to the 19th century school of thought that advocated manoeuvre and decisive battle outcomes in military strategy.
Thirudargal Jakkirathai
Thirudargal Jakkirathai (transl. Beware of Thieves) is a 1958 Indian Tamil-language film directed by B. Narasimha Rao. The film stars S. S. Rajendran and G. Varalakshmi. It was simultaneously produced in Telugu with the title Dongalunnaru Jagratha. The film was released on 11 July 1958.

S. S. Rajendran
Sedapatti Suryanarayana Rajendran, also known by his initials SSR (1 January 1928 – 24 October 2014), was an Indian actor, film director, film producer and politician who worked in Tamil theatre and cinema. He is also referred to as Latchiya Nadigar.
Shoppers Food & Pharmacy
Shoppers Food & Pharmacy, also known as Shoppers Food Warehouse, is a chain of 22 American supermarkets located in the Baltimore and Washington, D.C., metropolitan areas. Shoppers has fresh produce, Swift Angus beef, Smithfield natural pork, all-natural chicken, Dietz & Watson delis, fresh seafood, steamed shrimp, as well as hot food bars.

Shoppers is thought to have innovated several now-common supermarket features, such as warehouse shelving (no longer utilized in its stores), open-bin bulk foods (also no longer found in the chain), large salad bars with hot prepared foods and specialized fans to keep produce fresh, and "warehouse-sized" packaged products.  Shoppers also was one of the first chains to sell all of its produce by the pound, rather than by the item, which is now common.  This prevented the "picked-over" selection of produce commonly found in conventional supermarkets several days after a produce delivery.

Washington metropolitan area
The Washington metropolitan area (also referred to as the National Capital Region, Greater Washington, or locally as the DMV, short for District of Columbia, Maryland, and Virginia) is the metropolitan area comprising Washington, D.C., the federal capital of the United States, and its surroundings. The metropolitan area includes all of Washington, D.C., and parts of Maryland, Virginia and even West Virginia.

The United States federal government defines the area as the Washington–DC, VA–MD–WV metropolitan statistical area. It anchors the southern end of the densely populated Northeast megalopolis and is part of the Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area, the country's third-largest. The area's estimated total population of 6,304,975 (as of 2023) makes it the country's seventh-most populous metropolitan area. It is one of the country's most educated and affluent metropolitan areas.