hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Raymond W. Hood
Raymond W. Hood (January 1, 1936 – March 22, 2002) was an American politician.

Hood was born in Detroit, Michigan. He went to California State University, Fullerton and played on the football team. He worked with the Michigan State Department of Licensing and Regulations and was the director of the department. Hood served in the Michigan House of Representatives from 1965 to 1982 and was a Democrat. His brother Morris Hood Jr. and his nephew Morris Hood III also served in the Michigan Legislature. Hood died in Port Charlotte, Florida.

Port Charlotte, Florida
Port Charlotte is a census-designated place and unincorporated community in Charlotte County, Florida, United States. The population was 60,625 at the 2020 census, up from 54,392 at the 2010 census. It is included in the Sarasota metropolitan area.

Port Charlotte was named to the "10 Best Places to Retire", in the United States for the year 2012 by U.S. News & World Report.
Karl Bischoff
Karl Bischoff (9 August 1897 – 2 October 1950) was a German architect, engineer and SS-Sturmbannführer. He served at Auschwitz as chief of the Central Construction Office of the Waffen-SS. While there he was chief of construction of the Auschwitz II-Birkenau camp.

Hans Kammler
Hans Kammler (26 August 1901 – 9 May 1945) was an SS-Obergruppenführer responsible for Nazi civil engineering projects and its top secret V-weapons program. He oversaw the construction of various Nazi concentration camps, including Auschwitz, before being put in charge of the V-2 rocket and Emergency Fighter Programs towards the end of World War II. Kammler disappeared in May 1945 during the final days of the war, although conjecture about his capture or death remains.
Portrait of Niccolò Vitelli
Portrait of Niccolò Vitelli is an oil on panel portrait painting by Luca Signorelli, created c. 1492–1496, now in the Barber Institute of Fine Arts. It forms a diptych with the same artist's Portrait of Vitellozzo Vitelli, which shows Niccolò's son. Its subject had died by the time of its production and so it was probably produced after medals of him.

This painting was documented in the Doughty House Cook collection by the art historian and owner Herbert Cook in 1914, and it was one of the first paintings to be sold from that collection in 1945, whereupon it entered the museum.

Luca Signorelli
Luca Signorelli (c. 1441/1445 – 16 October 1523) was an Italian Renaissance painter from Cortona, in Tuscany, who was noted in particular for his ability as a draftsman and his use of foreshortening. His massive frescos of the Last Judgment (1499–1503) in Orvieto Cathedral are considered his masterpiece.

In his early 40s he returned to live in Cortona, after working in Florence, Siena and Rome (1478–84, painting a now lost section of the Sistine Chapel).  With an established reputation, he remained based in Cortona for the rest of his life, but often travelled to the cities of the region to fulfill commissions.  He was probably trained by Piero della Francesca in Florence, as his cousin Giorgio Vasari wrote.

Cortona hosted a major exhibition in 2023 to celebrate the 500th anniversary of his death.
Merena
Merena was a 4th-century Iranian military officer active during the reign of the Sasanian king (shah) Shapur II (r. 309–379). According to the Iranologist Touraj Daryaee, Merena's real name may have been Mihrān, thus making him a member of the House of Mihran, one of the Seven Great Houses of Iran. He was a cavalry commander in the Sasanian army in the course of the Roman-Persian Wars soon after the Battle of Ctesiphon in 363, which took place outside the Sasanian capital Ctesiphon in the province of Asoristan. As cavalry commander, he also appeared in the Battle of Maranga.

He was among those killed at the subsequent Battle of Samarra, a few hours before the death of the Roman emperor Julian.

Asoristan
30°53′41″N 47°34′41″E﻿ / ﻿30.89472°N 47.57806°E﻿ / 30.89472; 47.57806

Asoristan (Middle Persian: 𐭠𐭮𐭥𐭥𐭮𐭲𐭭, Asōristān, Āsūristān), also known as Suristan, was the name of the Sasanian province of Assyria and Babylonia from 226 to 637 CE.
Business performance management
Business performance management (BPM) (also known as corporate performance management (CPM) enterprise performance management (EPM),) is a management approach which encompasses a set of processes and analytical tools to ensure that a business organization's activities and output are aligned with its goals. BPM is associated with business process management, a larger framework managing organizational processes.

It aims to measure and optimize the overall performance of an organization, specific departments, individual employees, or processes to manage particular tasks. Performance standards are set by senior leadership and task owners which may include expectations for job duties, timely feedback and coaching, evaluating employee performance and behavior against desired outcomes, and implementing reward systems. BPM can involve outlining the role of each individual in an organization in terms of functions and responsibilities.

Business process
A business process, business method, or business function is a collection of related, structured activities or tasks performed by people or equipment in which a specific sequence produces a service or product (that serves a particular business goal) for a particular customer or customers. Business processes occur at all organizational levels and may or may not be visible to the customers. A business process may often be visualized (modeled) as a flowchart of a sequence of activities with interleaving decision points or as a process matrix of a sequence of activities with relevance rules based on data in the process. The benefits of using business processes include improved customer satisfaction and improved agility for reacting to rapid market change. Process-oriented organizations break down the barriers of structural departments and try to avoid functional silos.
First Barr ministry
The First Barr Ministry was the 13th ministry of the Government of the Australian Capital Territory, and was led by Labor Chief Minister Andrew Barr and his deputy Simon Corbell. It was appointed on 15 December 2014 following the resignation of Katy Gallagher as Chief Minister and the subsequent election of Andrew Barr as her replacement by the Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly. Green's Shane Rattenbury continued to serve as a minister for the remainder of the parliamentary term, as part of the Labor-Greens parliamentary agreement signed in 2012 at the start of the term.

The ministry was replaced by the Second Barr Ministry in November 2016 after the Labor government's re-election at the 2016 election.

Joy Burch
Joy Marie Burch is an Australian former politician and former Speaker of the Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly. She was  a Labor Party member for the seat of Brindabella in the ACT Legislative Assembly from 2008 to 2024.
Barclay Luke
Barclay Luke (born October 30, 1976) is a Canadian former international rugby union player.

Raised in Brantford, Ontario, Luke attended Brantford Collegiate Institute and played in their 1994 all-Ontario junior championship-winning team. He played his local club rugby for the Brantford Harlequins, where future Canada caps leader Aaron Carpenter was a teammate, while also competing in varsity rugby at York University for two years, earning All-Star honours in 1996 and 1997.

Luke, an outside centre and fullback, trained in British Columbia with the Pacific Pride and in 2001 became the first Brantford product since the 1970s to play international rugby when he was capped for the Canada Sevens team. He also won a call up to the Canada XV for a tour of Japan that year, but had to spend the trip quarantined after contracting the flu. His next opportunity came on a repeat visit to Tokyo in 2003, when he came on off the bench to gain caps in Tests against the United States and Japan.

Pacific Pride (rugby union)
The Rugby Canada National Development Academy or Pacific Pride is a Canadian rugby union team that is based in Langford, British Columbia. The team acts as the high-performance development academy for Rugby Canada.
November 1891 East Sydney colonial by-election
A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of East Sydney on 7 November 1891 because Edmund Barton (Protectionist) was appointed Attorney General in the third Dibbs ministry. Such ministerial by-elections were usually uncontested and the other seven other ministers, George Dibbs (The Murrumbidgee), Henry Copeland (New England), John Kidd (Camden), William Lyne (The Hume), John See (Grafton), Thomas Slattery (Boorowa) and Francis Suttor (Bathurst), were re-elected unopposed.

Electoral district of Bathurst
Bathurst is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. It is represented by Paul Toole of the  
Nationals.

Bathurst is a regional electorate that encompasses the entirety of the local government areas of Bathurst Region, the City of Lithgow, Blayney Shire, Oberon Shire plus the southern part of Mid-Western Regional Council (including Rylstone, Kandos and Ilford).
Snooker at the 2025 World Games
The snooker competition at the 2025 World Games took place from 10 to 14 August 2025 at the Qinglong Lake in Chengdu, China. The competition, which belongs to the cue sports discipline, added a female snooker event to the male event that has been held since 2001.

Cue sports at the World Games
Cue sports, including three-cushion billiards, nine-ball (a pool discipline) and snooker, were introduced as World Games sports for men and (in the case of nine-ball) for women also at the World Games 2001 in Akita.
Heavyweight unification series
The heavyweight unification series, also known as the Heavyweight World Series, was a sequence of professional boxing matches held in 1986 and 1987 to crown an undisputed champion of the heavyweight class. The series was produced by HBO Sports and promoted by Don King. It ended with Mike Tyson as undisputed champion, holding the championship belts of the  International Boxing Federation (IBF), World Boxing Association (WBA), and World Boxing Council (WBC).

Pinklon Thomas
Pinklon Thomas (born February 10, 1958) is an American former professional boxer who competed from 1978 to 1993. He was boxing's first 'Centennial Champion' (1886–1986) and held the WBC heavyweight title from 1984 to 1986. He is considered one of the best boxers of his generation. He beat former heavyweight champions Mike Weaver, Tim Witherspoon, James Tillis and future cruiserweight champion Alfonso Ratliff. He also drew with future WBA Heavyweight Champion Gerrie Coetzee. Thomas was known for his pink boxing trunks and a powerful left jab.
Tsuyoshi Yoda
Tsuyoshi Yoda (与田 剛, Yoda Tsuyoshi, born December 4, 1965 in Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan) is a Japanese professional baseball player and manager. He managed of the Chunichi Dragons in Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) between 2019 and 2021.

Although born in Fukuoka prefecture, Yoda grew up in Kimitsu, Chiba Prefecture. His wife is Tokyo Broadcasting System Television announcer, Hiroko Kiba.

Kimitsu
Kimitsu (君津市, Kimitsu-shi) is a city located in Chiba Prefecture, Japan. As of 30 November 2020, the city had an estimated population of  83,058 in 39,138 households and a population density of 260 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 318.83 km2 (123.10 sq mi).
Dubai Banking Group
Dubai Banking Group is the global shari'a compliant financial investor of Dubai Group with assets valued at over USD 10 billion (AED 36.7 billion). The group was established in 2007 when Dubai Islamic Investment Group, founded in 2004, and Dubai Bank, founded in 2002, consolidated their activities to form Dubai Banking Group.

Dubai Banking Group's major investments include:

100% ownership of Dubai Bank

100% ownership of Dubai Tadawul, a Dubai-based private brokerage company

51% stake in Al Fajer Re-Takaful, a closed Kuwaiti shareholding company

40% stake in Bank Islam, Malaysia's oldest and largest Islamic bank

40% stake in ACR Re-Takaful Holdings Limited, the world's largest reinsurance company

33.33% stake in National Bonds UAE, the national Shari'a-compliant saving scheme

18.75% stake in BankIslami Pakistan, the first bank to receive an Islamic Banking License in Pakistan

BankIslami
BankIslami Pakistan Limited (Urdu: بینک اسلامی پاکستان لمیٹڈ;  pronunciation: [bɛŋk ɪs.ˈlaː.mi] bank-is-LAH-mee), commonly referred to as BankIslami is a Pakistani Islamic Bank based in Karachi. Established as a Shariah-compliant financial institution, it provides services in retail, corporate, consumer, and investment banking. In May 2015, BankIslami acquired KASB Bank following regulatory intervention by the State Bank of Pakistan to safeguard depositors, and later merged KASB's branches into its network. As of 2025, the bank operates over 550 branches nationwide, serving both urban and rural communities. According to the State Bank of Pakistan's 2024 report, BankIslami ranked among the country's top three Islamic banks in terms of assets and deposits.
2024 Brownlow Medal
The 2024 Brownlow Medal was the 97th year the award was presented to the player adjudged the best and fairest player during the Australian Football League (AFL) home-and-away season. The count took place on Monday 23 September in Melbourne at the Crown Palladium, five days before the grand final. Patrick Cripps of Carlton won the medal with 45 votes; it was his second medal, having previously won the medal in 2022.

Cripps tally of 45 votes broke by a considerable margin the previous record for most votes in a Brownlow Medal count under the 3–2–1 voting system, which was 36 votes held by Dustin Martin (2017) and Ollie Wines (2021); 2024 runner-up Nick Daicos also exceeded the prior record, polling 38 votes. Cripps also set a new record by polling 1.96 votes per game across the season, breaking Lachie Neale's 2020 record of 1.82.

Lachie Neale
Lachlan Oliver Neale (born 24 May 1993) is an Australian rules footballer playing for the Brisbane Lions in the Australian Football League (AFL). He previously played for the Fremantle Football Club from 2012 to 2018 before being traded to the Brisbane Lions in 2019. Neale was co-captain at Brisbane from 2023 to 2025, leading the side alongside Harris Andrews to premierships in 2024 and 2025 and runners-up finish in 2023. He is a dual Brownlow Medallist, winning the award in 2020 and 2023.
Bentu Liben
Bentu Liben (also known as Liben) is a town in central Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Located in the Southwest Shewa Zone about 40 kilometers south-west of Addis Ababa, this town has a latitude and longitude of 8°37′N 38°22′E﻿ / ﻿8.617°N 38.367°E﻿ / 8.617; 38.367 with an elevation of 2234 meters above sea level.

Based on figures from the Central Statistical Agency in 2005, Bentu Liben has an estimated total population of 2,381 of whom 1,113 were males and 1,268 were females. The 1994 census reported this town had a total population of 1,273 of whom 576 were males and 697 were females. It is the largest town in Tole woreda.

Records at the Nordic Africa Institute website provide details of a primary school in Bentu Liben during the year 1968.

Districts of Ethiopia
Districts of Ethiopia, also called woredas (Amharic: ወረዳ; Oromo: woreda), are the third level of the administrative divisions of Ethiopia – after zones and the regional states.

These districts are further subdivided into a number of wards called kebele neighbourhood associations, which are the smallest unit of local government in Ethiopia.
Reade Stafford
Sir Reade Stafford (1542–1605) was an English gentleman who twice was briefly a Member of Parliament in the late Elizabethan era.

Read was the eldest son of Thomas Stafford of Bradfield Place in Berkshire, and his wife, Anne Best. Reade Stafford married Mabel, the widow of Francis Waferer of the City of London and of Nicholas Williams of Burghfield in Berkshire and daughter of Richard Staverton of Warfield, also in Berkshire, in 1570. He inherited Bradfield from his father in 1584. He was a Member of Parliament for East Grinstead in 1593 and Truro, Cornwall 1597–1598, alongside Maurice Berkeley.

Bradfield, Berkshire
Bradfield is a village and civil parish in Berkshire, England.  At the 2021 census, the parish had a population of 2,208, which was slightly more than the 2,177 recorded at the 2011 census.  Aside from farms and a smaller amount of woodland its main settlements are Bradfield Southend, its medieval-founded nucleus and the hamlet of Tutts Clump. Bradfield village is the home of the public school Bradfield College.
Cyclopentadienone
Cyclopentadienone is an organic compound with molecular formula C5H4O.  The parent cyclopentadienone is rarely encountered, because it rapidly dimerizes. Many substituted derivatives are known, notably tetraphenylcyclopentadienone.  Such compounds are used as ligands in organometallic chemistry.

Dimerization
In chemistry, dimerization is the process of joining two identical or similar molecular entities by bonds.  The resulting bonds can be either strong or weak. Many symmetrical chemical species are described as dimers, even when the monomer is unknown or highly unstable.

The term homodimer is used when the two subunits are identical (e.g. A–A) and heterodimer when they are not (e.g. A–B). The reverse of dimerization is often called dissociation. When two oppositely-charged ions associate into dimers, they are referred to as Bjerrum pairs, after Danish chemist Niels Bjerrum.
Hafizullah
Hafizullah (Pashto/Dari: حفيظ الله) is an Afghan male given name, meaning “remembrance of God“ - a transliteration of the elements Hafiz and Allah. The name may refers to:

Hafizullah Amin (1929–1979), General Secretary of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan

Hafizullah Shabaz Khail (born 1946), Afghan held in Guantanamo

Hafizullah Emadi (born 1952), Afghan-American writer

Hafizullah (detainee) (born 1974), Afghan held in Guantanamo

Hafizullah Qadami (born 1985), Afghan footballer

Hafizullah Khaled, Afghan-Austrian peace activist and writer

Hafizullah Shabaz Khail
Dr. Hafizullah Shabaz Khail is a citizen of Afghanistan, who was held in extrajudicial detention in the United States's Guantanamo Bay detention camps, in Cuba.
American intelligence analysts estimate he was born in 1946, in Paktia, Afghanistan.

According to the Center for Constitutional Rights, Hafizullah Shabaz Khail is an Afghan pharmacist who served in the transitional Afghan  government after the Taliban's fall and that he was the victim of false arrest while serving  on a commission of elders attempting to uncover theft perpetrated by government officials.

Hafizullah Shabaz Khail was repatriated to Afghanistan on December 12, 2007.

He was captured, again, in his home, in September 2008.
The Backyard (video game)
The Backyard is a video game created by Broderbund in 1993 for MS-DOS and Macintosh. It is a sequel to its predecessor The Playroom and the third game of the "Early Learning Family" series. It was designed for ages 3 to 6 (preschool through first grade).

First grade
First grade (also 1st grade or Grade 1) is the first year of formal or compulsory education. It is the first year of elementary school, and the first school year after kindergarten. Children in first grade are usually 6–7 years old.
Anastasia Belova
Anastasia Belova (Russian: Анастасия Белова, born 31 January 1981) is a Russian former competitive ice dancer. Competing with Maxim Staviski, she placed ninth at the 1996 World Junior Championships in Brisbane, Australia. With later partner Ilia Isaev, she won bronze medals at the 2000 Skate Israel, 2001 Nebelhorn Trophy, and 2002 Nebelhorn Trophy.

Maxim Staviski
Maxim Staviski (Bulgarian: Максим Стависки, born 16 November 1977) is a Russian-born naturalized Bulgarian ice dancer. With partner and fiancée Albena Denkova, he is a two-time (2006–2007) World champion, a two-time (2003–2004) European silver medalist, and the 2006 Grand Prix Final champion. Denkova and Staviski are the first Bulgarians to medal at the World Figure Skating Championships.
CAFA Junior Championship
The CAFA Junior Championship, is an international association football competition contested by the junior (U-18 to U-20) national teams of the members of the Central Asian Football Association (CAFA), the governing body of football in Central Asia.

Uzbekistan national under-20 football team
The Uzbekistan national under-20 football team represents Uzbekistan in international under-20 football competitions. It is controlled by the Uzbekistan Football Association and is a member of the Asian Football Confederation.
Studia Leibnitiana
Studia Leibnitiana is a biannual peer-reviewed academic journal established in 1969. It publishes scholarly articles on philosophy and the history of science of the early modern period, especially related to the German philosopher and polymath Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz.

The journal is published by Franz Steiner Verlag on behalf of the Gottfried-Wilhelm-Leibniz-Gesellschaft. Studia Leibnitiana publishes articles and book reviews in English, French and German.

Franz Steiner Verlag
Franz Steiner Verlag GmbH is a German academic publishing house, with headquarters in Stuttgart.

Founded in 1949 in Wiesbaden, its specialty is history, although it also publishes works in geography, philosophy, law, and musicology.  In 2008, the program was expanded to include nonfiction books for a wider readership. Today, the publishing house is part of the Deutscher Apotheker Verlag media group.

Journals published by Franz Steiner include Historia, Geographische Zeitschrift, Hermes, and Zeitschrift für französische Sprache und Literatur.
Reichsgau Oberdonau
The Reichsgau Upper Danube (German: Reichsgau Oberdonau) was an administrative division of Nazi Germany, created after the Anschluss (annexation of Austria) in 1938 and dissolved in 1945. It consisted of what is today Upper Austria, parts of Southern Bohemia, and a small part of the Salzkammergut which was annexed from Styria.

The Gau had the honorary title of "Home Gau of the Führer" (German: Heimatgau des Führers), since Adolf Hitler was born in Braunau am Inn and spent much of his early life in Linz. His home Berghof was located in neighboring Gau Munich-Upper Bavaria.

Braunau am Inn
Braunau am Inn (Austrian German: [ˈbraʊnaʊ am ˈɪn] ⓘ; transl. "Braunau on the Inn") is a town in Upper Austria on the border with the German state of Bavaria. It is most well-known as the birthplace of Adolf Hitler.