hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pass Creek (Elk Creek tributary)
Pass Creek is a tributary of Elk Creek in the Umpqua River basin of the U.S. state of Oregon. It begins at Divide between the Coast Fork Willamette River watershed and the Umpqua watershed along Interstate 5 (I-5) in Lane County. It flows west into Douglas County and continues generally southwest to meet Elk Creek at the city of Drain, 24 miles (39 km) upstream of Elk Creek's confluence with the Umpqua.

From Divide through Curtin to Anlauf, I-5 runs along Pass Creek's upper reaches. Downstream of Anlauf, concurrent highways, Oregon Route 38 and Oregon Route 99, follow the creek to Drain. Named tributaries of Pass Creek from source to mouth are Ward, Bear, Pheasant, Buck, Rock, Sand, and Fitch creeks. Further downstream are Johnson, Krewson, and Hedrick creeks.

Douglas County, Oregon
Douglas County is one of the 36 counties in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2020 census, the population was 111,201. The county seat is Roseburg. The county is named after Stephen A. Douglas, an American politician who supported Oregon statehood. Douglas County comprises the Roseburg, Oregon micropolitan statistical area. In area, Douglas County is the largest county west of the Oregon Cascades.
Kosgama (Panvila) Grama Niladhari Division
Kosgama Grama Niladhari Division is a Grama Niladhari Division of the Panvila Divisional Secretariat of Kandy District of Central Province, Sri Lanka. It has Grama Niladhari Division Code 739.

Kosgama is a surrounded by the Etanwala, Mahapathana, Thawalanthenna, Beddegama, Arattana, Madulkele and Watakele Grama Niladhari Divisions.

Grama Niladhari
Grama Niladhari (English: village officer, Sinhala: ග්‍රාම නිලධාරී, romanized: grāma niladhārī, Tamil: கிராம உத்தியோகத்தர், romanized: Kirāma uttiyōkattar) is a Sri Lankan public official appointed by the central government by
the act No.2 of 1993. Grama Niladhari (GN) are entrusted with multifaceted duties and responsibilities under as 46 legislative enactments of Sri Lanka.
U. S. B. Dale's Market
U. S. B. Dale's Market, also known as B & S Discount Foods, is a historic commercial building located near Morganton, Burke County, North Carolina.  It was built about 1900 as a neighborhood grocery store for the Grant Dale community.  It is a one-story, rectangular, flat-roofed, brick building with a stepped parapet.  It is a rare intact example of a rural community store.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.

Morganton, North Carolina
Morganton is a city in and the county seat of Burke County, North Carolina, United States. It is located in the foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains along the Catawba River.

The population was 17,474 at the 2020 census. Morganton is approximately 75 miles (121 km) northwest of Charlotte and 57 miles (92 km) east of Asheville. It is one of the principal cities in the Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Fetor hepaticus
Fetor hepaticus or foetor hepaticus (Latin, "liver stench" ("fetid liver") (see spelling differences), also known as breath of the dead or hepatic foetor, is a condition seen in portal hypertension where portosystemic shunting allows thiols to pass directly into the lungs. It is a late sign in liver failure and is one of the clinical features of hepatic encephalopathy. Other possible causes are the presence of ammonia and ketones in the breath.  The breath has a sweet, fecal, or musty smell to it.

The compound  volatile dimethyl sulfide has been associated with it, raising the possibility of an objective noninvasive measure of liver failure.   A secondary form of trimethylaminuria is also associated with liver failure, and it has been suggested that trimethylamine is also a contributor to the odor of fetor hepaticus.

Liver failure
Liver failure  is the inability of the liver to perform its normal synthetic and metabolic functions as part of normal physiology. Two forms are recognised, acute and chronic (cirrhosis). Recently, a third form of liver failure known as acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is increasingly being recognized.
Women in law in the United Kingdom
Prior to the 20th century, there were few women in law in the United Kingdom. Prior to the Sex Disqualification (Removal) Act 1919, women were not permitted to practice law in the United Kingdom. By 1931 there were around 100 female solicitors. The first female-only law partnership was founded in 1933. In 2010, a report by The Lawyer found that 22 percent of partners at the UK's top 100 firms were women; a follow-up report in 2015 found that figure had not changed. Since 2014, a number of large corporate firms of solicitors have set gender diversity targets to increase the percentage of women within their partnerships. By 2019, 51% of British solicitors were women.

Janice Pereira
Dame Janice Mesadis Pereira DBE PC (née George; formerly: George-Creque, Creque), was the Chief Justice of the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court. She became the first female Chief Justice and the first person from the British Virgin Islands to become Chief Justice in 2012.
Chihaya (clothing)
Chihaya (襅; ちはや) refers to certain articles of clothing worn in Japanese culture.

These may include:

A cloth or cord used to tie back the sleeves of a robe, primarily used by women to get the sleeves out of the way for work ranging from important shrine ceremonies to humble kitchen work.

A kind of ceremonial overcoat with a long white hem worn by the sweeper or branch-holder in certain Shintō ceremonies.

A kind of sleeveless vest or waistcoat used in kabuki or 人形浄瑠璃 (ningyō jōruri; "puppet theater").

One source describes the chihaya as "a traditional formal upper-garment with very large sleeves, a long strip falling along the back and tying-strings over the chest", and states that this garment was "used by nobles in the Heian court, where it was called 'a hunting garment' (kariginu)".

Shrine
A shrine (Latin: scrinium "case or chest for books or papers"; Old French: escrin "box or case") is a sacred space dedicated to a specific deity, ancestor, hero, martyr, saint, daemon, or similar figure of respect, wherein they are venerated or worshipped. Shrines often contain idols, relics, or other such objects associated with the figure being venerated. A shrine at which votive offerings are made is called an altar.

Shrines are found in many of the world's religions, including Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Chinese folk religion, Shinto, indigenous Philippine folk religions, and Germanic paganism as well as in secular and non-religious settings such as a war memorial. Shrines can be found in various settings, such as churches, temples, cemeteries, or as household shrines. Portable shrines are also found in some cultures.
Neighborhoods in Plymouth, Massachusetts
There are several neighborhoods in Plymouth, Massachusetts. With a total area of 134.0 mi2 (347.0 km2), Plymouth is the largest municipality in Massachusetts by area. In addition, with a population of  51,701 at the 2000 census and an estimated population of 57,901 in 2007, Plymouth is the second-largest town in the state by population (after Framingham. (Framingham is actually now a city making Plymouth the largest town.) As such, Plymouth is home to many distinct neighborhoods and geographical locations.

The most prominent of Plymouth's neighborhoods is Plymouth Center, also referred to as Downtown Plymouth. It is home to Plymouth's town hall and harbor. The geographical regions of North Plymouth, South Plymouth, and West Plymouth are named based upon their relationship to Plymouth Center.

Plymouth has one of the longest coastlines of any town in Massachusetts, and makes up the entire western shore of Cape Cod Bay. The town is therefore home to a wide array of beach communities.

Plymouth Harbor
Plymouth Harbor is a harbor located in Plymouth, a town in the South Shore region of the U.S. state of Massachusetts. It is part of the larger Plymouth Bay. Historically, Plymouth Harbor was the site of anchorage of the Mayflower where the Plymouth Colony pilgrims disembarked in 1620 to establish a permanent settlement at Plymouth.
Redefine (Soil album)
Redefine (also styled as re·de·fine) is the third studio album by American rock band Soil. It was released on March 23, 2004 via J Records. Redefine was Soil's final album with vocalist Ryan McCombs before he left the band in October that year. He would later rejoin the band in 2011. It was also Soil's last release through J Records after the band was dropped following the Sony/BMG merger.

The album peaked at number 78 on the Billboard 200 chart, selling 14,454 copies in its first week. and included the single and video for "Redefine" which charted higher than any previous single of the band. The track "Pride" was featured in the video game Madden NFL 2004. According to the album booklet, the track "Remember" was dedicated to the memory of Dave Williams, the original lead singer of Drowning Pool.

Sony BMG
Sony BMG Music Entertainment was an American record company owned as a 50–50 joint venture between Sony Corporation of America and Bertelsmann. The venture's successor, the revived Sony Music, is wholly owned by Sony, following their buyout of the remaining 50% held by Bertelsmann. BMG was instead rebuilt as BMG Rights Management on the basis of the remaining 200 artists.
Tuscarawas Valley High School
Tuscarawas Valley High School, also known as simply Tusky Valley, is a public high school in Zoarville, Ohio. It is the only high school in the Tuscarawas Valley Local Schools district. Athletic teams compete as the Trojans.

On November 14, 2023, six people were killed and twenty were injured in a crash on Interstate 70 after a semi-trailer truck rear ended a charter bus carrying members of the Tuscarawas Valley High School band.

Interstate 70 in Ohio
Interstate 70 (I-70) in the US state of Ohio provides access between Indiana and West Virginia. I-70 is a major highway for traffic within, to, from, and through Ohio. The highway is a core roadway of the Columbus metropolitan area and is of additional importance in the Dayton metropolitan area.
Coleophora pagodella
Coleophora pagodella is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. It is found in Turkestan and Uzbekistan.

The wingspan is about 12 mm.

The larvae feed on the fruit of Salsola species, including Salsola orientalis.

Turkestan
Turkestan, also spelled Turkistan, is a historical name for the region of Asia lying between the Caspian Sea to the west, Siberia to the north, the Gobi Desert to the east, and Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Tibet to the south. Turkestan is primarily inhabited by Turkic peoples, as well as Russian and Tajik-Persian minorities. It is subdivided into West Turkestan, which historically belonged to the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union, and East Turkestan (identified either with the Tarim Basin/Southern Xinjiang or with Xinjiang as a whole), which forms part of China.

Throughout history, the region has been exposed to the invasion of several different groups and kingdoms, including the Huns, Hepthalites, Bactrians, Imperial China, Arab Caliphate,  Hellenistic Macedonian Empire, Achaemenid Empire,  as well as various Turkic states and the Mongol Empire. The Qara Khitai also briefly controlled a significant bulk of Turkestan.
The Commuter (film)
The Commuter is a 2018 action thriller film directed by Jaume Collet-Serra and written by Byron Willinger, Philip de Blasi and Ryan Engle. The film stars Liam Neeson, Vera Farmiga, Patrick Wilson, Jonathan Banks, Florence Pugh, and Sam Neill. It follows a man who is unwittingly recruited into a murder conspiracy after meeting a mysterious woman while on his daily train commute.

The film premiered in New York City on January 8, 2018, and was theatrically released in the United States on January 12, 2018, by Lionsgate, and on January 19, 2018, in the United Kingdom by StudioCanal. The film grossed $119 million worldwide and received mixed reviews from critics, who called it similar to Neeson and Collet-Serra's previous film, Non-Stop, but praised Neeson's performance and the genre thrills.

Roque Baños
Roque Baños López is a Spanish music composer. Baños graduated from Boston's Berklee College of Music in 1995 and has since scored both Spanish and English-language films. He has received numerous awards for his compositional work, including the Spanish Goya Award for Best Original Score in both 2008 and 2009.
Cuba women's national under-21 volleyball team
The Cuba women's national under-20 volleyball team represents Cuba in women's under-20 volleyball events, it is controlled and managed by the Cuban Volleyball Federation that is a member of North American volleyball body North, Central America and Caribbean Volleyball Confederation (NORCECA) and the international volleyball body government the Fédération Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB).

North, Central America and Caribbean Volleyball Confederation
The North, Central America and Caribbean Volleyball Confederation (NORCECA) is the international governing body for the sport of volleyball in Northern America, Central America, and the Caribbean. NORCECA is the continental confederation that represents its 35 member associations at the International Volleyball Federation (FIVB) level. It also has six associate members: Bonaire, Saba, Saint Martin, Sint Eustatius, Sint Maarten, and the Turks and Caicos Islands. The confederation is responsible for, among other things, the staging of Olympic and World Championship zone qualification tournaments, as well as continental championships for both men and women in indoor volleyball and beach volleyball. In 2022, NORCECA celebrated its fifty-fourth (54th) anniversary.
Badr-B
The Badr-B (Urdu: بدر-۲; also known as Badr-II, meaning Full Moon-2) was Pakistan's second spacecraft and the first Earth observation satellite launched into Sun-synchronous orbit on 10 December 2001 at 09:15 by SUPARCO — Pakistan's national space agency. Badr-B was a microsatellite, weighing approximately 70 kg, and contained a computerized system to conduct studies on gravity gradients. Badr-B was a research satellite to explore the upper atmosphere and the near space, carrying a large array of instruments for geophysical research.

The Badr-B payload was equipped with several CCD cameras, compact dosimeter, a telemetry system, charge detector and a temperature control unit. It is intended to complete and update the Islamabad Mission Control Center (IMCC) and to test the remote sensing CCD instruments.

Mashhood Test Firing Range
Mashhood Test Firing Range (MTFR) at Tilla Jogian is a military testing area and firing range located approximately 25 kilometres (16 mi) west of Jhelum, Punjab, Pakistan.

It was used by the Khan Research Laboratories (KRL) as a primary testbed for initial phase of its Ghauri program and now serves as the primary weapon test site for the Pakistan Army.
Dicksonia arborescens
Dicksonia arborescens, the Saint Helena tree fern, is a characteristic plant of the "tree fern thicket" vegetation of the highest parts of the central ridge of the island of Saint Helena. It is the type species of the genus Dicksonia.

It is important as a major component of a vegetation type that is one of the last remnants of the native vegetation. Many of the other endemic plants of this vegetation germinate as seedlings on the trunks of the tree fern, which thus acts as a nursery for the native flora.

The genus Dicksonia contains several species widely dispersed around the world. L'Héritier described the Saint Helena species in 1789, from cultivated specimens he saw while living in London.

The species is most closely related to Dicksonia berteriana, native to the Juan Fernández Islands west of Chile.

Vegetation classification
Vegetation classification is the process of classifying and mapping the vegetation over an area of the Earth's surface. Vegetation classification is often performed by state based agencies as part of land use, resource and environmental management. Many different methods of vegetation classification have been used. In general, there has been a shift from structural classification used by forestry for the mapping of timber resources, to floristic community mapping for biodiversity management. Whereas older forestry-based schemes considered factors such as height, species and density of the woody canopy, floristic community mapping shifts the emphasis onto ecological factors such as climate, soil type and floristic associations. Classification mapping is usually now done using geographic information systems (GIS) software.
Château de Pupetières
The château de Pupetières is a 19th-century castle which stands in the commune of Chabons, in the Isère department and the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region, in France.

The famille de Virieu has owned the estate since the 13th century, when the primitive castle, then a simple fortified house, was built. Between 1861 and 1866, Alphonse de Virieu, son of Aymon, decided to entrust the reconstruction of Pupetières to two architects: Denis Darcy, for the outbuildings, and Eugène Viollet-le-Duc, for the castle in a neo-Gothic style.

The estate of Pupetières is also linked to the stay of the poet Alphonse de Lamartine, who wrote one of his most famous works of romantic inspiration entitled Le Vallon, which in turn inspired Countess Anna de Noailles.

The castle and its outbuildings were classified as a historical monument by a decree of 8 November 1972. The private property, park and building are open to visitors, but the opening hours and entrance fees are set by the owner.

Fortified house
A fortified house or fortified mansion, from French maison forte, is a type of building which developed in Europe during the Middle Ages, generally with significant fortifications added. During the earlier Roman period it was common for wealthy landowners to construct unfortified villas on their lands. After the fall of Rome, increased social instability and military conflict necessitated more austere, defensible types of structures. A castle is a type of particularly well-fortified residence. In English-language academic works of castellology, the French term maison-forte is also used, more seldom unhyphenated (maison forte).
Unit disk
In mathematics, the open unit disk (or disc) around P (where P is a given point in the plane), is the set of points whose distance from P is less than 1:

The closed unit disk around P is the set of points whose distance from P is less than or equal to one:

Unit disks are special cases of disks and unit balls; as such, they contain the interior of the unit circle and, in the case of the closed unit disk, the unit circle itself.

Without further specifications, the term unit disk is used for the open unit disk about the origin, , with respect to the standard Euclidean metric. It is the interior of a circle of radius 1, centered at the origin. This set can be identified with the set of all complex numbers of absolute value less than one. When viewed as a subset of the complex plane (C), the open unit disk is often denoted . Unlike the notationally similar circle group , the (open) unit disk is not a multiplicative group.

Origin (mathematics)
In mathematics, the origin of a Euclidean space is a special point, usually denoted by the letter O, used as a fixed point of reference for the geometry of the surrounding space.

In physical problems, the choice of origin is often arbitrary, meaning any choice of origin will ultimately give the same answer. This allows one to pick an origin point that makes the mathematics as simple as possible, often by taking advantage of some kind of geometric symmetry.
Laurentian Hills
Laurentian Hills is a municipality in Eastern Ontario, Canada, on the Ottawa River in Renfrew County. It surrounds (by land) Deep River on the Ontario side of the river. The municipality was formed on January 1, 2000, when the United Townships of Rolph, Buchanan, Wylie and McKay and the Village of Chalk River were merged.

The town was home to the Nuclear Power Demonstration nuclear power plant. The prototype nuclear power plant was operational from 1962 to 1987 and has since then been shut down, awaiting permanent disposal of its radioactive nuclear components.

Eastern Ontario
Eastern Ontario (census population 1,892,332 in 2021) (French: Est de l'Ontario) is a secondary region of Southern Ontario in the Canadian province of Ontario. It occupies a wedge-shaped area bounded by the Ottawa River and Quebec to the northeast and east, the St. Lawrence River and New York to the south, and Northern Ontario and Central Ontario to the west and northwest.
Robert Chichele
Sir Robert Chichele (sometimes shown as Chichley or other variations) was a 15th-century English merchant and Lord Mayor of London.

He was the son of Thomas Chichele of Higham Ferrers and Agnes Pyncheon, and the brother of Henry Chichele, the Archbishop of Canterbury and founder of All Souls, Oxford. Another brother, William, also served as Sheriff of London in 1409.

Robert served as an Alderman for Aldgate Ward from 1402, when he also served as Sheriff of London before being elected twice as Lord Mayor of London, in 1411 and again in 1421. He received letters patent ordering him (along with then-mayor Richard Whittington) to seek out and imprison any Lollards within the city. In 1414 and 1415 he was Member of Parliament for the City of London as one of the two aldermanic representatives.

Robert was buried in the church of St Mary Bothaw. Through his daughter, Phillippa, he was an ancestor of Sir Andrew Judde, a later Lord Mayor of London.

Lollardy
Lollardy was a proto-Protestant Christian religious movement that was active in England from the mid-14th century until the 16th-century English Reformation. It was initially led by John Wycliffe, a Catholic theologian who was later dismissed from the University of Oxford in 1381 for heresy. The Lollards' demands were primarily for reform of Western Christianity. They formulated their beliefs in the Twelve Conclusions of the Lollards.
Sólveig Arnarsdóttir
Sólveig Arnarsdóttir (born 26 January 1973) is an Icelandic actress. She is known for her performances in Stella í orlofi, Let Me Fall, Trapped, and Katla.

Sólveig is the daughter of Icelandic actor Arnar Jónsson and Icelandic actress and politician Þórhildur Þorleifsdóttir. She graduated from the Ernst Busch Academy of Dramatic Arts in Berlin, Germany. She worked on stage at the Icelandic National Theatre, the Icelandic Opera, and Maxim Gorki Theatre in Berlin.

Ernst Busch Academy of Dramatic Arts
The Ernst Busch Academy of Dramatic Arts (German: Hochschule für Schauspielkunst Ernst Busch, HFS), located in the Mitte district of Berlin, Germany, was founded in 1951 as the National Theatre School in Berlin with the status of college. In 1981, it was granted university status, and a year later it was renamed after the singer and East German actor Ernst Busch.
James Santee
James "Jimmie" Santee is an American former competitive figure skater. He is the 1981 Golden Spin of Zagreb champion, 1982 Ennia Challenge Cup silver medalist, and 1983 Prague Skate silver medalist. Since 2006, he has served as the executive director of the Professional Skaters Association.

Park Ridge, Illinois
Park Ridge is a city in Cook County, Illinois, United States, and a northwestern suburb of the Chicago metropolitan area. It is located 15 miles (24 km) north of downtown Chicago. It is close to Chicago O'Hare International Airport, major expressways, and rail transportation. It borders three community areas of Chicago in its Far Northwest Side: Edison Park, Norwood Park, and O'Hare.

The soil is abundant with clay deposits, which made it a brick-making center for the developing city of Chicago. Park Ridge was originally called Pennyville to honor George Penny, the businessman who owned the local brickyard along with Robert Meacham. Later it was named Brickton. The Des Plaines River divides Park Ridge from neighboring Des Plaines, which is west of Park Ridge. Chicago is south and east of Park Ridge, and Niles and unincorporated Maine Township are to its north.

Per the 2020 census, the population of Park Ridge was 39,656.