hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Md. Hanifuddin Miah
Md. Hanifuddin Miah (1 November 1929 – 11 March 2007) was a Bangladeshi physicist and mathematician. He is recognized as the first computer programmer of Bangladesh (then East Pakistan). In 1964, he was one of the few experts trained to operate the country's first computer, an IBM 1620, installed at the Atomic Energy Centre, Dhaka, and served as its chief programmer.

IBM 1620
The IBM 1620 was a model of scientific minicomputer produced by IBM. It was announced on October 21, 1959, and was then marketed as an inexpensive scientific computer. After a total production of about two thousand machines, it was withdrawn on November 19, 1970. Modified versions of the 1620 were used as the CPU of the IBM 1710 and IBM 1720 Industrial Process Control Systems (making it the first digital computer considered reliable enough for real-time process control of factory equipment).

Being variable-word-length decimal, as opposed to fixed-word-length pure binary, made it an especially attractive first computer to learn on –  and hundreds of thousands of students had their first experiences with a computer on the IBM 1620.

Core memory cycle times were 20 microseconds for the (earlier) Model I, 10 microseconds for the Model II (about a thousand times slower than typical computer main memory in 2006). The Model II was introduced in 1962.
Tarzan Boy
"Tarzan Boy" is the debut single by the Italian-based act Baltimora. The song was written by Maurizio Bassi and Naimy Hackett, and released in 1985 as the lead single from Baltimora's debut album Living in the Background. The song was remixed and re-released in 1993, and has been covered by several artists throughout the years.

The refrain uses Tarzan's cry as a melodic line. The song is rhythmical, with an electronic melody and simple lyrics. Baltimora are often considered a one-hit wonder due to the success they experienced with "Tarzan Boy". It features a melodic motif that was later named the millennial whoop.

The music video for the song features the frontman for the band's performances, Jimmy McShane, who was never heard singing the song because he lip synced it.

One-hit wonder
A one-hit wonder is any person, band, etc., that achieves mainstream popularity, often for only one piece of work, and becomes known among the general public solely for that momentary success. The term is most commonly used in regard to music performers with only one hit single that overshadows their other work. Some artists dubbed "one-hit wonders" in a particular country had achieved success in other countries. Music artists with subsequent popular albums and hit listings are not properly considered a one-hit wonder, although artists with multiple hits have sometimes been erroneously labelled as "one-hit wonders" if one particular hit has become much more well-remembered years or decades later than their other hits. One-hit wonders usually see their popularity decreasing after their hit listing, and most often never return to hit listings with other songs or albums.
Emma Chapman
Emma Olivia Chapman (née Woodfield) is a British physicist and Royal Society Dorothy Hodgkin Research Fellow at University of Nottingham . Her research investigates the epoch of reionization. She won the 2018 Royal Society Athena Prize. In November 2020 Chapman published her first book, First Light: Switching on Stars at the Dawn of Time.

Research fellow
A research fellow is an academic research position at a university or a similar research institution, usually for academic staff or faculty members. A research fellow may act either as an independent investigator or under the supervision of a principal investigator.

Research fellow positions vary in different countries and academic institutions.
Dumi
Dumi is a village in the Chaurpati Rural Municipality of Achham District in the Sudurpashchim Province of western Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census, the village had a population of 1517 living in 338 houses. At 2001, the population was 1937, of which 37.6% was literate.

Achham District
Achham (Nepali: अछाम जिल्ला pronounced [ʌt͡sʰam] ⓘ) is a district located in Sudurpashchim province and one of the seventy-seven districts of Nepal. It is one of the nine districts of the province. The district, with Mangalsen as its district headquarters, covers an area of 1,692 km2 and has a population (2011) of 257,477.
Peter Coulson
Sir Peter David William Coulson PC (born 31 March 1958), styled The Rt. Hon. Lord Justice Coulson, is an Appeal Court judge.

He was educated at Lord Wandsworth College and the University of Keele.

He was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1982. During his time at the Bar, he practised at Keating Chambers.

Originally appointed to the Construction and Technology Court, in 2004, he was then appointed a judge of the High Court of Justice (Queen's Bench Division) from 2008 until 2018, when he was appointed to the Court of Appeal. Coulson is also a contributor to the White Book, the Civil Procedure guide for practitioners.

Court of Appeal judge (England and Wales)
A  Lord Justice of Appeal or Lady Justice of Appeal is a judge of the Court of Appeal of England and Wales, the court that hears appeals from the High Court of Justice, the Crown Court and other courts and tribunals.  A Lord (or Lady) Justice of Appeal is the second highest level of judge in the courts of England and Wales. Despite the title, and unlike the former Lords of Appeal in Ordinary (who were judges of still higher rank), they are not peers.
Sri Lankan cricket team in Zimbabwe in 1994–95
The Sri Lanka cricket team toured Zimbabwe for a three-match Test series and a three-match One Day International (ODI) series between 11 October 1994 and 6 November 1994. The Test series, which was the first played between the two teams, was drawn 0–0 and the ODI series was won 2–1 by Sri Lanka.

Zimbabwe national cricket team
The Zimbabwe men's national cricket team, also known as the Chevrons, represents Zimbabwe in men's international cricket and is overseen by Zimbabwe Cricket. Zimbabwe has been a full member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) since 1992. As of October 2025, Zimbabwe was ranked 11th by the ICC in all three formats of the game: Tests, One Day Internationals (ODIs) and Twenty20 internationals (T20Is).
1885–86 St. Mary's Y.M.A. season
The first match played by what is now Southampton Football Club, from Southampton in southern England, was by a team from St. Mary's Young Men's Association (YMA) on 21 November 1885. Since then, the club established themselves as a major force in local and regional football before moving up to national level, winning the FA Cup in 1976 and being founder members of the Premier League in 1992.

Ralph Ruffell
Daniel Ralph Ruffell (3 October 1867 – 3 October 1940) was an English amateur footballer who played as a goalkeeper for Southampton St. Mary's from their inaugural fixture in November 1885 until 1894, including making six appearances in the FA Cup.
Tom Bissell
Tom Bissell (born January 9, 1974) is an American journalist, critic, and writer, best known for his extensive work as a writer of video games, including The Vanishing of Ethan Carter, Battlefield Hardline, and Gears 5. His work has been adapted into films by Julia Loktev, Werner Herzog and James Franco.

Rome Prize
The Rome Prize is awarded by the American Academy in Rome, in Rome, Italy. Approximately thirty scholars and artists are selected each year to receive a study fellowship at the academy. Recipients must be American citizens. Prizes have been awarded annually since 1921, with a hiatus during the World War II years, from 1942 to 1949.: 13
Frederick G. Fleetwood
Frederick Gleed Fleetwood (September 27, 1868 – January 28, 1938) was an American lawyer and politician from Vermont. He was most notable for his service as Secretary of State of Vermont (1902–1908, 1917–1919) and a U.S. Representative (1923–1925).

A Republican, Fleetwood served in local offices including town clerk and treasurer of Morristown. He served as State's Attorney of Lamoille County from 1896 to 1898 and a member of the Vermont House of Representatives from 1900 to 1902. He was Vermont's secretary of state from 1902 to 1909 and again from 1917 to 1919. Fleetwood served one term in the U.S. House, 1923 to 1925. He died in Morrisville on January 28, 1938, and was buried at Morrisville's Pleasant View Cemetery.

Reading law
Reading law was the primary method used in common law countries, particularly the United States, for people to prepare for and enter the legal profession before the advent of law schools. In Commonwealth countries, becoming an articled clerk was a similar practice.

It consisted of an extended internship or apprenticeship under the tutelage or mentoring of an experienced lawyer. The practice largely died out in the early 20th century. A few U.S. states, namely California, Maine, New York, Vermont, Virginia and Washington, still permit people to become lawyers by reading law instead of attending some or all of law school, although the practice is uncommon.

In this sense, "reading law" specifically refers to a means of entering the profession, although in England it is still customary to say that a university undergraduate is "reading" a course, which may be law or any other.
Anatomical terms of bone
Many anatomical terms descriptive of bone are defined in anatomical terminology, and are often derived from Greek and Latin. Bone in the human body is categorized into long bone, short bone, flat bone, irregular bone and sesamoid bone.

Tibia
The tibia (/ˈtɪbiə/; pl.: tibiae /ˈtɪbii/ or tibias), also known as the shinbone, shankbone or simply the shin, is the larger, stronger, and anterior (frontal) of the two bones in the leg below the knee in vertebrates (the other being the fibula, behind and to the outside of the tibia); it connects the knee with the ankle. The tibia is found on the medial side of the leg next to the fibula and closer to the median plane. The tibia is connected to the fibula by the interosseous membrane of leg, forming a type of fibrous joint called a syndesmosis with very little movement. The tibia is named for the flute tibia. It is the second largest bone in the human body, after the femur. The leg bones are the strongest long bones as they support the rest of the body.
The Discovery of Morniel Mathaway
"The Discovery of Morniel Mathaway" is a science fiction short story written by William Tenn (Philip Klass) and first published in Galaxy Science Fiction in October 1955.

An art historian travels into the past and is surprised to learn that the artist celebrated in his own time as a master is a talentless hack.

Hack writer
Hack writer is a pejorative term for a writer who is paid to write low-quality, rushed articles or books "to order", often with a short deadline. In fiction writing, a hack writer is paid to quickly write sensational, pulp fiction such as "true crime" novels or "bodice ripping" paperbacks. In journalism, a hack writer is deemed to operate as a "mercenary" or "pen for hire", expressing their client's political opinions in pamphlets or newspaper articles. Hack writers are usually paid by the number of words in their book or article; as a result, hack writing has a reputation for quantity taking precedence over quality.
Tonguing the Zeitgeist
Tonguing the Zeitgeist is an Avantpop novel by Lance Olsen, published in 1994 by Permeable Press.  Finalist for the Philip K. Dick Award, it is a work of speculative fiction satirizing the commodification of the arts.

Speculative fiction
Speculative fiction is an umbrella genre of fiction that encompasses all the subgenres that depart from realism, or strictly imitating everyday reality, instead presenting fantastical, supernatural, futuristic, or other highly imaginative realms or beings.

This catch-all genre includes, but is not limited to: fantasy, science fiction, science fantasy, superhero, paranormal and supernatural horror, alternate history, magical realism, slipstream, weird fiction, utopia and dystopia, apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction. In other words, the genre presents individuals, events, or places beyond the ordinary real world.

The term speculative fiction has been used for works of literature, film, television, drama, video games, radio, and hybrid media.
R372 (South Africa)
The R372 is a Regional Route in South Africa that connects Kuruman to Taung via Reivilo.

Its western origin is the R31, south of Kuruman. It heads east to the R371. The routes are co-signed heading north to Reivilo. From there, the R372 diverges, again heading east. It crosses the N18 ending just afterwards in Taung.

Reivilo
Reivilo is a town situated 100 km southwest of Vryburg on the Ghaap Plateau in North West Province of South Africa. Large scale lead and zinc mining took place in the district.

Schools in Reivilo

Reivilo high school

Reivilo combined school

Tshepang Thuto primary School
Photon upconversion
Photon upconversion (UC) is a process in which the sequential absorption of two or more photons leads to the emission of light at shorter wavelength than the excitation wavelength. It is an anti-Stokes type emission. An example is the conversion of infrared light to visible light. Upconversion can take place in both organic and inorganic materials, through a number of different mechanisms. Organic molecules that can achieve photon upconversion through triplet-triplet annihilation are typically polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Inorganic materials capable of photon upconversion often contain ions of d-block or f-block elements. Examples of these ions are Ln3+, Ti2+, Ni2+, Mo3+, Re4+, Os4+, and so on.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) is any member of a class of organic compounds that is composed of multiple fused aromatic rings. Most are produced by the incomplete combustion of organic matter—by engine exhaust fumes, tobacco, incinerators, in roasted meats and cereals, or when biomass burns at lower temperatures as in forest fires. The simplest representative is naphthalene, having two aromatic rings, and the three-ring compounds anthracene and phenanthrene. PAHs are uncharged, non-polar and planar. Many are colorless. Many of them are also found in fossil fuel deposits such as coal and in petroleum. Exposure to PAHs can lead to different types of cancer, to fetal development complications, and to cardiovascular issues.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are discussed as possible starting materials for abiotic syntheses of materials required by the earliest forms of life.
Dos cruces
"Dos cruces" is famous Spanish bolero composed by Carmelo Larrea in 1952. The song earned Larrea his second golden record in 1954. Originally entitled "Soledad" (Solitude), it was first recorded by Jorge Gallarzo. Over 80 artists have performed the song ever since, including Niño de Murcia (1957), Angelillo (1958), Caterina Valente (1958), José Feliciano (1965), Los Relámpagos (1965), Umberto Marcato (1958), Milton Nascimento (1972), Ney Matogrosso (1975), Nana Mouskouri (1990) and Roberto Alagna (2011). The lyrics begin "Sevilla tuvo que ser, con su lunita plateada..." and tell of the moonlit skyline of Seville witnessing the love of a couple.

Angelillo
Ángel Sampedro Montero (12 January 1908 in Vallecas, Madrid- 24 November 1973 in Buenos Aires, Argentina), better known as Angelillo, was a Spanish singer of popular songs in his time. He has been described as a "popular idol of the flamenco copla", a very particular style of flamenco, along with fandangos, soleares, saetas, caracoles and tarantas etc. He was also one of the earliest singers to sing in a forced falsetto in flamenco. He was also an actor in musical films of Andalusian folklore: He appeared in films such as La hija de Juan Simón (1935)  and Suspiros de Triana (1955), becoming a film star for Filmófono and working with esteemed directors such as Luis Buñuel, which led to him being nicknamed “the nightingale of Andalusia”.

Angelillo was one of the most outspoken advocates of the Republic, with communist ideologies. He fled to Oran and from there, accompanied by Sabicas, to Argentina, where he quickly gained immense popularity. He returned to Spain in the 1950s.
Augustin Bey
Augustin Bey (born 6 June 1995) is a French track and field athlete who competes in the long jump. He qualified for the long jump at the 2020 Summer Olympics. He also won the event at the 2019 and 2021 French Athletics Championships, as well as at the 2020 French Indoor Athletics Championships. He also tied for the bronze medal with Eusebio Cáceres at the 2021 European Athletics Team Championships.

French Indoor Athletics Championships
The French Indoor Athletics Championships (French: Championnats de France d'athlétisme en salle) is an annual indoor track and field competition organised by the Fédération française d'athlétisme (FFA), which serves as the French national championship for the sport. Typically held over two to three days in February during the French winter, it was first added to the national calendar in 1972, supplementing the main outdoor French Athletics Championships held in the summer since 1888.

This event serves as the primary national championship for indoor athletics in France, complementing the outdoor French Athletics Championships held in the summer since 1888. Typically held over two to three days in February, during the French winter season, it has been a staple on the national athletics calendar since its inception in 1972 [1, 2].
Copper cable certification
In copper twisted pair wire networks, copper cable certification is achieved through a thorough series of tests in accordance with Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) or International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards. These tests are done using a certification-testing tool, which provide pass or fail information. While certification can be performed by the owner of the network, certification is primarily done by datacom contractors. It is this certification that allows the contractors to warranty their work.

Category 6 cable
Category 6 cable (Cat 6) is a standardized twisted pair cable for Ethernet and other network physical layers that is backward compatible with the Category 5/5e and Category 3 cable standards.

Cat 6 must meet more stringent specifications for crosstalk and system noise than Cat 5 and Cat 5e. The cable standard specifies performance of up to 250 MHz, compared to 100 MHz for Cat 5 and Cat 5e.

Whereas Category 6 cable has a reduced maximum length of 55 metres (180 ft) when used for 10GBASE-T, Category 6A cable is specified for 500 MHz and has improved alien crosstalk characteristics, allowing 10GBASE-T to be run for the same 100-metre (330 ft) maximum distance as previous Ethernet over twisted pair variants.
Patrick Tam (biologist)
Patrick Ping Leung Tam (Chinese: 譚秉亮} is an Australian embryologist currently at University of Sydney, the Deputy Director of the Childrens Medical Research institute, the Distinguished Professor and Mok Hing-Yiu Distinguished Visiting Professor at University of Hong Kong.

He is a cited pioneer in his field for studying mouse embryos, cells and biology.

Tam is a member of the editorial board for numerous journals relating to developmental biology; including Developmental Biology, Developmental Cell, Developmental Dynamics, Differentiation and Genesis. He has also served as a guest editor on other publications.

Differentiation (journal)
Differentiation is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering cell differentiation and cell development. It was established in 1973 and is published 10 times per year by Elsevier, on behalf of the International Society of Differentiation. The editor-in-chief are Loydie Jerome-Majewska (McGill University), Crystal Rogers (University of California, Davis), and Rosa Uribe (Rice University). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2022 impact factor of 2.9.
Althaea (mythology)
In Greek mythology, Althaea (/ælˈθiːə/; Ancient Greek: Ἀλθαία, romanized: Althaía, lit. 'healer' from ἀλθαίνω althaino, "to cure", also "a kind of mallow"), also rendered Althea or Althaia, was queen of Calydon through her marriage to King Oeneus. Althaea appears in myths surrounding the fabled Calydonian boar hunt, and is infamous for murdering her son Meleager.

Malvaceae
Malvaceae (/mælˈveɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/), or the mallows, is a family of flowering plants estimated to contain 244 genera with 4225 known species. Well-known members of economic importance include cacao, cola, cotton, okra, roselle and durian. There are also some genera containing familiar ornamentals, such as Alcea (hollyhock), Malva (mallow), and Tilia (lime or linden tree). The genera with the largest numbers of species include Hibiscus (434 species), Pavonia (291 species), Sida (275 species), Ayenia (216 species), Dombeya (197 species), and Sterculia (181 species).
Type 67 mortar
The Type 67 82mm Mortar is Chinese infantry support weapon developed in 1967. It is a modernization of the older Type 53 82mm mortar, which is the Chinese copy of Soviet PM-41 82mm mortar.

The mortar was widely used in the Vietnam War by the People's Army of Vietnam (NVA). This mortar can be used in nearly horizontal direction, which means it can be used to destroy pillboxes and obstructions.

The Type 67 82mm mortar can use different types of shells. The shrapnel of this mortar weights 3.32 kg, with a 0.4 kg TNT, and the lethal radius of this shrapnel is 26m.

Crew-served weapon
A crew-served weapon is any weapon system that is issued to a crew of two or more individuals performing the same or separate tasks to run at maximum operational efficiency, as opposed to an individual-service weapon, which only requires one person to run at maximum operational efficiency. The weight and bulk of the system often also requires multiple people for transportation.

Crew-served weapons operated by infantry include sniper rifles, anti-materiel rifles, machine guns, automatic grenade launchers, mortars, anti-tank guns, anti-aircraft guns, recoilless rifles, shoulder-launched missile weapons, and static anti-tank and anti-aircraft missiles.
Tosa District, Kōchi
Tosa (土佐郡, Tosa-gun) is a district located in Kōchi Prefecture, Japan.

As of the January 1, 2005 merger but with 2003 population estimates, the district has an estimated population of 5,348 and a density of 17.4 persons per km2. The total area is 307.39 km2.

Districts of Japan
In Japan, a district (郡, gun) is composed of one or more rural municipalities (towns or villages) within a prefecture. Districts have no governing function, and are only used for geographic or statistical purposes such as mailing addresses. Cities are not part of districts.

Historically, districts have at times functioned as an administrative unit.  From 1878 to 1921 district governments were roughly equivalent to a county of the United States, ranking below prefecture and above town or village, on the same level as a city. District governments were entirely abolished by 1926.
Chung Jae-hee
Chung Jae-hee (Korean: 정재희; born 6 April 1978) is a South Korean badminton player who affiliated with the Samsung Electro-Mechanics. She competed at the 1996 and 2000 Summer Olympics. Together with Ra Kyung-min, they were the champion at the 1999 All England Open. She and Ra were placed first in the women's doubles world ranking in 2002.

1999 All England Open Badminton Championships
The 1999 Yonex All England Open was the 89th edition of the All England Open Badminton Championships. It was held from 9 to 14 March 1999, in Birmingham, England.

It was a four-star tournament and the prize money was US$125,000.