hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Combs-la-Ville
Combs-la-Ville (French pronunciation: [kɔ̃b la vil]) is a commune in the south-eastern suburbs of Paris, in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France in north-central France. It is located 25.5 km (15.8 mi) from the center of Paris, in the "new town" of Sénart, created in the 1970s.

Kilometre zero
Kilometre zero (or km 0), also known as zero mile marker or zero milepost, is a particular location (usually in the nation's capital city) from which traveled distances are traditionally measured, as in distance markers. Historically, they were markers where drivers could set their odometers to follow the directions in early roaming guidebooks.

One such marker is the Milliarium Aureum ("Golden Milestone") of the Roman Empire, believed to be the origin for the maxim "All roads lead to Rome".
Kafka's Ape
Kafka's Ape is a 2015 stage adaptation by Phala O. Phala of Franz Kafka's short story "A Report to an Academy". The play with solo actor Tony Bonani Miyambo was featured at the 2015 South Africa National Arts Festival where it won the Silver Ovation Award. The play has since won more awards and critical acclaim, including the Humanities and Social Sciences 2018 Awards for Best Public Performance.

A Report to an Academy
"A Report to an Academy" (German: "Ein Bericht für eine Akademie") is a short story by Franz Kafka, written and published in 1917. In the story, an ape named Red Peter, who has learned to behave like a human, presents to an academy the story of how he effected his transformation. The story was first published by Martin Buber in the German monthly Der Jude, along with another of Kafka's stories, "Jackals and Arabs" ("Schakale und Araber"). The story appeared again in a 1919 collection titled Ein Landarzt (A Country Doctor).
Taihei Kato
Taihei Kato (加藤大平, Katō Taihei, born July 30, 1984) is a Japanese Nordic combined skier who has been competing since 2003. He won a gold medal in the 4 x 5 km team event at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2009 in Liberec and earned his best individual finish of 27th twice (10 km mass start: 2009, 15 km individual: 2007).

At the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, Kato finished sixth in the 4 x 5 km team, 24th in the individual normal hill, and 30th in the individual large hill events.

Kato suffered a broken left arm after a fall while competing in the Nordic combined event during the Sochi Winter Olympic Games. After a seemingly successfully jump on the large hill, Kato's left ski came loose seconds after he landed, causing him to fall at high speed, sustaining the injury in the process. He was unable to continue in the competition, which would include a 10 km cross-country ski race.

Liberec
Liberec (Czech pronunciation: [ˈlɪbɛrɛts] ⓘ; German: Reichenberg) is a city in the Czech Republic. It has about 108,000 inhabitants, making it the fifth largest city in the country. It lies on the Lusatian Neisse River, in a basin surrounded by mountains. The city centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone.

Liberec was once home to a thriving textile industry and hence nicknamed the "Manchester of Bohemia". A symbol of the city and the main landmark of the panorama of Liberec is the Ještěd Tower. Since the end of the 19th century, the city has been a conurbation with the suburb of Vratislavice nad Nisou and the neighbouring city of Jablonec nad Nisou.
Hungary water
Hungary water (sometimes called "the Queen of Hungary's Water", Eau de la Reine de Hongrie, or "spirits of rosemary") was one of the first alcohol-based perfumes in Europe, primarily made with rosemary.  The oldest surviving recipes call for distilling fresh rosemary and thyme with brandy, while later formulations contain wine, lavender, mint, sage, marjoram, costus, orange blossom and lemon.

Lavandula
Lavandula (common name lavender) is a genus of 47 known species of perennial flowering plants in the sage family, Lamiaceae. It is native to the Old World, primarily found across the drier, warmer regions of the Mediterranean, with an affinity for maritime breezes.

Lavender is found on the Iberian Peninsula and around the entirety of the Mediterranean coastline (including the Adriatic coast, the Balkans, the Levant, and coastal North Africa), in parts of Eastern and Southern Africa and the Middle East, as well as in South Asia and on the Indian subcontinent.

Many members of the genus are cultivated extensively in temperate climates as ornamental plants for garden and landscape use, for use as culinary herbs, and also commercially for the extraction of essential oils. Lavender is used in traditional medicine and as an ingredient in cosmetics.
Submasseteric space
The submasseterric space (also termed the masseteric space) is a fascial space of the head and neck (sometimes also termed fascial spaces or tissue spaces). It is a potential space in the face over the angle of the jaw, and is paired on each side. It is located between the lateral aspect of the mandible and the medial aspect of the masseter muscle and its investing fascia. The term is derived from sub- meaning "under" in Latin and masseteric which refers to the masseter muscle. The submasseteric space is one of the four compartments of the masticator space. Sometimes the submasseteric space is described as a series of spaces, created because the masseter muscle has multiple insertions that cover most of the lateral surface of the ramus of the mandible.

Fascial compartment
A fascial compartment is a section within the body that contains muscles and nerves and is surrounded by deep fascia. In the human body, the limbs can each be divided into two segments. The upper limb can be divided into the arm and the forearm; their sectional compartments are the fascial compartments of the arm and the fascial compartments of the forearm, which both contain an anterior and a posterior compartment. Likewise, the lower limbs can be divided into two segments: the leg and the thigh, which contain the fascial compartments of the leg and the fascial compartments of the thigh respectively.
Planada, California
Planada (Spanish for "Plain") is a census-designated place (CDP) in Merced County, California, United States. Planada is 9 miles (14 km) east of Merced, the county seat, at an elevation of 226 feet (69 m). The population was 4,164 at the 2020 census, down from 4,584 at the 2010 census.

Plain
In geography, a plain, commonly known as flatland, is a flat expanse of land  that generally has few rapid or steep changes in elevation.  Natural vegetation in plains can include prairies/grasslands, forests, savanah, tundra, and desert biomes, among others. Plains occur as lowlands along valleys or at the base of mountains, as coastal plains, and as plateaus or uplands. Plains are one of the major landforms on earth, being present on all continents and covering more than one-third of the world's land area. Plains in many areas are important for agriculture. There are various types of plains, and biomes on them.
Burias
Burias can refer to:

Burias (island), Philippines

Burias Pass, strait in the Philippines

Buriaş, a village in Periş commune, Ilfov county, Romania

Buriaš, a Kassite deity

Burna-Buriash II, a king in the Kassite dynasty of Babylon

Kadašman-Buriaš, a Babylonian governor

USS Burias (AG-69), a U.S. Navy ship

Periș
Periș is a commune in the far northwestern corner of Ilfov County, Muntenia, Romania. The commune is composed of three villages: Bălteni, Buriaș, and Periș. It used to include Brătulești and Cocioc villages, until these were absorbed by other villages in the commune. In Romanian, its name means "a place where pear trees grow".
Ochier Museum
The Ochier Museum (musée Ochier) is a museum in Cluny in Saône-et-Loire. It was previously known as the Musée d'Art et d'Archéologie. It is housed in the 15th century abbot's palace built by Jean de Bourbon. A partnership between the town of Cluny and France's Centre des monuments nationaux, it is twinned with Cluny Abbey.

Saône-et-Loire
Saône-et-Loire (French pronunciation: [sonelwaʁ]; Arpitan: Sona-et-Lêre) is a department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in France. It is named after the rivers Saône and Loire, between which it lies, in the country's central-eastern part.

Saône-et-Loire is Bourgogne-Franche-Comté's most populous department with a population of 551,493 as of 2019. It is also its southernmost department, as it is situated on the regional border with Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. Saône-et-Loire's prefecture is Mâcon, with subprefectures in Autun, Chalon-sur-Saône, Charolles and Louhans. Its INSEE and postcode number is 71.
Rozseč (Žďár nad Sázavou District)
Rozseč is a municipality and village in Žďár nad Sázavou District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 90 inhabitants.

Rozseč lies approximately 30 kilometres (19 mi) south-east of Žďár nad Sázavou, 46 km (29 mi) east of Jihlava, and 153 km (95 mi) south-east of Prague.

Vysočina Region
The Vysočina Region (IPA: [ˈvɪsotʃɪna]; Czech: Kraj Vysočina) is an administrative unit (Czech: kraj) of the Czech Republic. Its capital is Jihlava.

The region is located in the central part of the country. It is one of just three in the country (the others being Prague and the Central Bohemian Region) which does not have a border with a foreign country.

The Vysočina Region is home to three UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the most in any region in the Czech Republic.
Iron(II) oxalate
Ferrous oxalate (iron(II) oxalate) refers to the inorganic compound with the formula FeC2O4 (anhydrous) or FeC2O4·2H2O (dihydrate). These are yellow compounds. Characteristic of metal oxalate complexes, these compounds tend to be polymeric, hence their low solubility in water. The dihydrate is hygroscopic.

Water of crystallization
In chemistry, water(s) of crystallization or water(s) of hydration are water molecules that are present inside crystals. Water is often incorporated in the formation of crystals from aqueous solutions. In some contexts, water of crystallization is the total mass of water in a substance at a given temperature and is mostly present in a definite (stoichiometric) ratio. Classically, "water of crystallization" refers to water that is found in the crystalline framework of a metal complex or a salt, which is not directly bonded to the metal cation.

Upon crystallization from water, or water-containing solvents, many compounds incorporate water molecules in their crystalline frameworks. Water of crystallization can generally be removed by heating a sample but the crystalline properties are often lost.

Compared to inorganic salts, proteins crystallize with large amounts of water in the crystal lattice. A water content of 50% is not uncommon for proteins.
Jazzpar Prize
The Jazzpar Prize (established 1990) was an annual Danish jazz prize founded by trumpeter Arnvid Meyer. The winner was chosen from five nominees among internationally recognized performers. The winner received 200,000 Danish crowns and a bronze statue designed by Jørgen Haugen Sørensen. The ceremony was held in Copenhagen in the late spring, and began a week of jazz activities in the capital.  The main sponsor for many years was the Scandinavian Tobacco Company. The prize ended in 2005 due to loss of sponsorship. Arnvid Meyer died in 2007.

The candidates were selected by a panel of international critics including Filippo Bianchi (Italian editor of the magazine Musica Jazz and founder of the  Europe Jazz Network), Alex Dutilh (French editor of the magazine Jazzman), Peter H. Larsen (Danish journalist, editor, and radio producer), Dan Morgenstern (American jazz historian, author, and editor), Brian Priestley (British editor), and Boris Rabinowitsch (Danish jazz critic).

Dan Morgenstern
Dan Michael Morgenstern (October 24, 1929 – September 7, 2024) was an American jazz historian and archivist. Born to a Jewish family in Germany, Morgenstern fled Nazi-occupied Austria with his mother and in 1947 emigrated to the United States. He first began visiting jazz clubs as a teenager and worked at The New York Times. After serving in the U.S. Army, he attended Brandeis University where he first began writing about jazz music. He went on to become a professional jazz critic and editor. Morgenstern led several jazz magazines and directed the Institute of Jazz Studies at Rutgers University from 1976 to 2012. He earned eight Grammy Awards for his album liner notes and wrote two books on jazz.
Badhwabara railway station
Badhwabara railway station is a railway station on Bilaspur–Katni line under Bilaspur railway division of South East Central Railway Zone of Indian Railways. The railway station is situated beside National Highway 43 at Badhwabara in Shahdol district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh.

National Highway 43 (India)
National Highway 43 (NH 43) is a primary National Highway in India. It traverses from Gulluganj in Madhya Pradesh, through Chhattisgarh and terminates at Chaibasa in Jharkhand. This national highway is 1,062.5 km (660.2 mi) long. Before renumbering of national highways NH-6 was variously numbered as old national highways 78, 23 & 33.
Sinister Street (film)
Sinister Street is a 1922 British silent drama film directed by George Beranger and starring John Stuart, Amy Verity and Maudie Dunham. It was adapted from the 1913–14 novel Sinister Street by Compton MacKenzie.

Compton Mackenzie
Sir Edward Montague Compton Mackenzie, OBE (17 January 1883 – 30 November 1972) was a Scottish writer of fiction, biography, histories and a memoir, as well as a cultural commentator, raconteur and lifelong Scottish nationalist. He was one of the co-founders in 1928 of the National Party of Scotland along with Hugh MacDiarmid, Cunninghame Graham and John MacCormick. He was knighted in the 1952 Birthday Honours List.
Allegory of Gluttony and Lust
Allegory of Intemperance is an oil on wood painting by the Dutch artist Hieronymus Bosch made c. 1490–1500. It is held in the Yale University Art Gallery, in New Haven, Connecticut.

This panel is the left inside bottom wing of a hinged triptych. The other identified parts are The Ship of Fools, which formed the upper left panel,  and the Death and the Miser, which was the right panel; The Wayfarer was painted on the right panel rear. The central panel, if it existed, is unknown.

The Allegory represented a condemnation of gluttony, in the same way the right panel condemned avarice. The fragment shows a fat man riding a barrel in a kind of lake or pool. He is surrounded by other people, who push him or pour a liquid from the barrel.  Below, a man swims with, above his head, a vessel with meat. The swimmer's clothes lie on the shore at bottom. On the right, under a hut, a couple is devoted to lascivious acts, perhaps induced by drunkenness.

Yale University Art Gallery
The Yale University Art Gallery (YUAG) is an  art museum in New Haven, Connecticut. It houses a major encyclopedic collection of art in several interconnected buildings on the campus of Yale University. Although it embraces all cultures and periods, the gallery emphasizes early Italian Renaissance painting, African sculpture, and modern art. It is the oldest university art museum in the Western Hemisphere.
Henri Callot
Eugène Henri Callot (20 December 1875 – 22 December 1956) was a French fencer.  He competed at the 1896 Summer Olympics in Athens. He was born in La Rochelle.

Callot won the silver medal in the amateur foil event.  He went undefeated in his preliminary round group, defeating Henri Delaborde, Periklis Pierrakos-Mavromichalis, and Ioannis Poulos.  He then faced fellow Frenchman Eugène-Henri Gravelotte, who had gone undefeated in the other preliminary group, in a final match.  There, he lost to Gravelotte 3–2.

He was also a student of Jules Lefebvre and Joseph-Nicolas Robert-Fleury. He exhibited at the Salon des artistes français, of which he was a member from 1898.

Callot died in Paris on 22 December 1956, aged 80.

Foil (fencing)
A foil is one of the three weapons used in the sport of fencing. It is a flexible weapon of total length 110 cm (43 in) or under, rectangular in cross section, weighing under 500 g (18 oz), with a blunt tip. As with the épée, points are only scored by making contact with the tip. The foil is the most commonly used weapon in fencing.
William Woodbridge (Connecticut physician)
William Woodbridge (August 8, 1819 – August 6, 1888) was an American physician and state legislator.

Woodbridge, fourth child of James R and Mary (Bull) Woodbridge, of Hartford, Connecticut, was born in Hartford, August 8, 1819.

He graduated from Yale College in 1840 and received his medical degree from Yale Medical School in 1844, and settling for practice in Manchester, Connecticut, whence he removed two or three years later to Brooklyn, Connecticut, where he continued until his death, on August 6, 1888, at the age of 69 years. During his long career in Brooklyn as a physician he was a leader in religious and civil affairs.  He represented the town in the Connecticut State Legislature in 1869.  He married, April 26, 1847, Mary Ann Bidwell, who died July 6, 1872, leaving two children. He next married, Sept 13, 1878, Abby B. Ensworth, of Canterbury, Connecticut, who survived him.

Manchester, Connecticut
Manchester is a town in Hartford County, Connecticut, United States. The town is part of the Capitol Planning Region. As of the 2020 census, the town had a total population of 59,713. The urban center of the town is the Manchester census-designated place, with a population of 36,379 at the 2020 census. The town is named after Manchester, in England.
Chan Kwok-Hung
Chan Kwok-Hung (陳國雄, c. 1963 – 17 December 2014) was a Hong Kong cinematographer. His credits, as director of photography or camera operator, included the 2000 action comedy Tokyo Raiders and the 2007 action drama Invisible Target. He was nominated for Best Cinematography at the Hong Kong Film Awards for Fly Me to Polaris in 2000 and Summer Holiday in 2001.

On 17 December 2014 around 3 am, Chan drowned when a motorized sampan he was aboard capsized in Sunny Bay, off Lantau Island in Hong Kong. He and seven others—who all survived—were taking part in a shoot for the Jackie Chan film Skiptrace.

Hong Kong Film Awards
The Hong Kong Film Awards (HKFA; Chinese: 香港電影金像獎), founded in 1982, is an annual film awards ceremony in Hong Kong. The ceremonies typically take place in April, and have mostly been held at the Grand Theatre of the Hong Kong Cultural Centre since 1991. The awards recognise achievement in various aspects of filmmaking, such as directing, screenwriting, acting and cinematography. The awards are regarded as the Hong Kong equivalent of the Academy Awards.

The HKFA, incorporated into Hong Kong Film Awards Association Ltd. since December 1993, are currently managed by a board of directors, which consists of representatives from thirteen professional film bodies in Hong Kong. Voting on eligible films for the HKFA is conducted January through March every year and is open to all registered voters, which include local film workers as well as critics, and a selected group of adjudicators.
Pathrusim
Pathrusim together with Casluhim were descendants of Mizraim (i.e., Egypt) according to the genealogies in Genesis, who inhabited Pathros (i.e., Upper Egypt).

In Saadia Gaon's Judeo-Arabic translation of the Pentateuch, the Sa'idi people (i.e. the people of Upper Egypt) are listed in the position of the Casluhim in Genesis 10:14, while Albiyim is listed in the position of Pathrusim, however the ordering of Casluhim and Pathrusim sometimes vary in translations  and the mainstream understanding is that it is the Pathrusim who are the Sahidic people and the Casluhim the people of eastern Libya.

In the Book of Jasher, the Pathrusim and Casluhim intermarried resulting in the Pelishtim, Azathim, Gerarim, Githim and Ekronim.

Sefer haYashar (midrash)
Sefer haYashar (ספר הישר) is a medieval Hebrew midrash, also known as the Toledot Adam and Divrei haYamim heArukh. The Hebrew title "Sefer haYashar" might be translated as the "Book of Righteousness" (or literally "Book of the Straight") but it is known in English translation mostly as The Book of Jasher following English tradition. Its author is unknown.
USS Water Witch
Three ships in the United States Navy have been named USS Water Witch.

USS Water Witch (1845) was a steamer built in 1844 and 1845

USS Water Witch (1847) was a modification of the hull of the first, launched in 1847. Her machinery went to the third ship.

USS Water Witch (1851) was a wooden-hulled, sidewheel gunboat, launched in 1851. She was shot at on an expedition to Paraguay.

USS Water Witch (1851)
The third USS Water Witch was a wooden-hulled, sidewheel gunboat in the United States Navy during the American Civil War. She is best known as the ship fired on by Paraguay in 1855.  In 1864 she was captured by the Confederate States Navy, and subsequently was taken into that Navy as CSS Water Witch.
Vedaclidine
Vedaclidine (INN,: 180  codenamed LY-297,802, NNC 11-1053) is an experimental analgesic drug which acts as a mixed agonist–antagonist at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, being a potent and selective agonist for the M1 and M4 subtypes, yet an antagonist at the M2, M3 and M5 subtypes. It is orally active and an effective analgesic over 3× the potency of morphine, with side effects such as salivation and tremor only occurring at many times the effective analgesic dose. Human trials showed little potential for development of dependence or abuse, and research is continuing into possible clinical application in the treatment of neuropathic pain and cancer pain relief.

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2
The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2, also known as the cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 2, is a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor that in humans is encoded by the CHRM2 gene. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene. It is Gi-coupled, reducing intracellular levels of cAMP.
Kamu de Almeida
Kamú de Almeida (30 July 1943 – 15 June 2013), in full Sebastião Pascoal de Almeida, was an Angolan diplomat. He was the Ambassador to the Congo, Spain and Egypt. He joined the MPLA in Kinshasa in 1961, and there he joined the Liberation Fight, which ultimately led to Angolan independence in 1975. As the representative of Angola, he signed the Final Act of the Conference of Plenipotentiaries on Termination of the Convention on the Conservation of the Living Resources of the Southeast Atlantic Signed at Rome on the 23rd of October, 1969, at Madrid on 19 July 1990.

MPLA
The People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (Portuguese: Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola, abbr. MPLA), from 1977 to 1990 called the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola – Labour Party (Portuguese: Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola – Partido do Trabalho), is an Angolan social democratic political party. The MPLA fought against the Portuguese Army in the Angolan War of Independence from 1961 to 1974, and defeated the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) and the National Liberation Front of Angola (FNLA) in the Angolan Civil War, which has been described as "one of the longest, most brutal and deadliest wars of the last century." The party has ruled Angola since the country's independence from Portugal in 1975, being the de facto government throughout the civil war and continuing to rule afterwards.
Dortch
Dortch is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Charles Dortch (born 1940) US born archaeologist active in Western Australia

Greg Dortch (born 1998), American football player

Isaac Foote Dortch, captain of the United States Navy

Richard Dortch, Assemblies of God District Superintendent for Illinois and an Assemblies of God Executive Presbyter

William Theophilus Dortch,  American politician from North Carolina

William Theophilus Dortch
William Theophilus Dortch (August 23, 1824 – November 21, 1889) was an American politician who served as a Confederate States senator from North Carolina from 1862 to 1865. He also served as Speaker of the North Carolina House of Representatives. He served in the North Carolina Senate from 1879 to 1885.