hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
West Wiltshire Downs
The West Wiltshire Downs is an area of downland in the west of the county of Wiltshire, England. Its highest point is Long Knoll at 288 metres.

The West Wiltshire Downs are geologically the same unit as Salisbury Plain to the north and Cranborne Chase to the south.

The West Wiltshire Downs are split between two of the National Character Areas designated by Natural England: No. 134, Dorset Downs and Cranborne Chase; and No. 132, Salisbury Plain and West Wiltshire Downs.

Natural England
Natural England is a non-departmental public body in the United Kingdom sponsored by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. It is responsible for ensuring that England's natural environment, including its land, flora and fauna, freshwater and marine environments, geology and soils, are protected and enhanced. It also has a responsibility to help people enjoy, understand and access the natural environment.

Natural England focuses its activities and resources on four strategic outcomes:

a healthy natural environment

enjoyment of the natural environment

sustainable use of the natural environment

a secure environmental future
2024 MPBL Preseason Invitational
The 2024 MPBL Preseason Invitational was the preseason pocket tournament for the Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League's 2024 season and the third edition of the MPBL Preseason Invitational. The tournament began on February 21, 2024 and ended with the final game on February 27, 2024. The Pampanga Giant Lanterns were the tournament champions after defeating the South Cotabato Warriors with a score of 93–75.

Similar to the previous edition, the tournament was held at the Lagao Gymnasium in General Santos and used the same eight-team format as before. The tournament coincided with the city's Kalilangan Festival.

This is currently the most recent edition of the MPBL's preseason tournament, as the 2025 edition was cancelled in January of that year.

2024 MPBL season
The 2024 MPBL season was the sixth season of the Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League (MPBL) and its third under professional status. The regular season began on April 6, 2024 with the opening ceremonies at the Calasiao Sports Complex in Calasiao, Pangasinan, and ended on October 1. The 2024 MPBL All-Star Game was held at the Mayor Vitaliano D. Agan Coliseum in Zamboanga City on September 7. The playoffs began on October 5 and ended on December 7 with the 2024 MPBL finals between the Pampanga Giant Lanterns and Quezon Huskers.

This season featured 29 teams, with two expansion teams making their debut: the Abra Weavers and the Pangasinan Heatwaves.
Valentine FC
Valentine FC is a semi-professional football club based in Valentine in the Hunter Region, New South Wales and is part of the Valentine Eleebana Football Club. Valentine have been promoted to the National Premier Leagues Northern NSW for 2016 with teams in First Grade, Under 23s, Under 19 and Under 17 divisions.

Notable former players include Adam Griffiths, Giancarlo Gallifuoco and Daniel Bowles.

Northern League One
Northern League One is a semi-professional soccer competition in Northern New South Wales. The competition is conducted by Northern NSW Football, one of two organising bodies in New South Wales (the other being the National Premier Leagues NSW organised by Football NSW). The league sits at Level 2 on the Northern New South Wales league system (Level 3 of the overall Australian league system).

The league was formally known as the Northern Second Division (1959-1997) and subsequently the Northern First Division (1998-2013).
Prince Kuhio Plaza
Prince Kūhiō Plaza is a single-level regional shopping mall in Hilo, Hawaii. It is the largest enclosed mall on the Island of Hawaii. Anchor stores are two Macy's stores, TJ Maxx, and Petco. Other major tenants include a 9-screen movie theatre operated by Regal Cinemas, Tractor Supply Company, and Longs Drugs. Sears was an anchor of the plaza until closing in 2021. The mall is owned and operated by Brookfield Properties through shopping mall operator subsidiary GGP.

The mall is named for Prince Jonah Kuhio Kalanianaole, who served as Congressional Delegate from 1903 to 1922.

Longs Drugs
Longs Drugs is an American chain owned by parent company CVS Health with approximately 70 drugstores throughout the state of Hawaii and formerly in the Continental US.

Before being acquired by parent company CVS Health in 2008, it was a chain of over 500 stores, located primarily on the West Coast of the United States. Besides Hawaii, it had stores located in California, Nevada, Arizona, Alaska, Colorado, Oregon, Utah and Washington, and was headquartered in Walnut Creek, California.
Say Not the Struggle Naught Availeth
"Say Not the Struggle Naught Availeth" is an English poem by Arthur Hugh Clough. It was written in 1849, and first published in The Crayon, an American art journal, in August 1855, under the title "The Struggle". Clough published the poem without a title in 1862. In The Poems and Prose Remains of Arthur Hugh Clough, 1869, the poem was titled "Say Not the Struggle Nought Availeth".

There was probably no specific event in the poet's mind, although the failed revolutions of 1848 and 1849 may have been an inspiration.

The last two stanzas were quoted by Winston Churchill in his "Report on the War" speech of April 27th 1941. Describing the lines as "appropriate to our fortunes tonight" he said "I believe they will be so judged wherever the English language is spoken or the flag of freedom flies."

The Crayon
The Crayon was a highly regarded American art magazine. It covered both US and international art, art gossip, exhibitions, literature, architecture and even landscape gardening. It was published from 1855 to 1861 with the final volume being Vol. 8, No. 7. It was published by W. J. Stillman and J. Durand, of New York.  John Ruskin's aestheticism  and his approach generally were pushed and Mott (cited in the Rossetti Archive) quotes the journal as promoting, the perception of the Highest Beauty  and preference for that which is true and earnest. As well as Ruskin contributors included William Allingham, Charles Eliot Norton, and A.H. Clough.
Phuntsholing
Phuntsholing, also spelled as Phuentsholing (Dzongkha: ཕུན་ཚོགས་གླིང་), is a border town in southern Bhutan and is the administrative seat of Chukha District. The town occupies parts of both Phuentsholing Gewog and Sampheling Gewog.

Phuentsholing adjoins the Indian town of Jaigaon, and cross-border trade has resulted in a thriving local economy. The town previously hosted the headquarters of the Bank of Bhutan before they were shifted to Thimphu. In 2017, Phuentsholing had a population of 27,658.

Border town
A border town is a town or city close to the boundary between two countries, states, or regions. Usually the term implies that the nearness to the border is one of the things the place is most famous for. With close proximities to a different country, diverse cultural traditions can have certain influence to the place. Border towns can have highly cosmopolitan communities, a feature they share with port cities, as traveling and trading often go through the town. They can also be flashpoints for international conflicts, especially when the two countries have territorial disputes.
Menthor Editor
Free and open-source software portal

Menthor Editor is a no longer maintained free ontology engineering tool for dealing with OntoUML models. It included OntoUML syntax validation, Alloy simulation, Anti-Pattern verification, and MDA transformations from OntoUML to OWL, SBVR and Natural Language (Brazilian Portuguese).

Menthor Editor emerged from the OLED editor, developed at the Ontology & Conceptual Modeling Research Group (NEMO) located at the Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES) in Vitória city, state of Espírito Santo, Brazil.

Menthor Editor was developed by Menthor using Java, was available in English, and was a multiplatform software being compatible with Windows, Linux and OS X.

The developer's of Menthor Editor reported in 2000 that it is no longer maintained and that it has been replaced by the OntoUML Plugin for Visual Paradigm, informing that features of the Menthor Editor will gradually be migrated to this new solution.

Model-driven architecture
Model-driven architecture (MDA) is a software design approach for the development of software systems. It provides a set of guidelines for the structuring of specifications, which are expressed as models. Model Driven Architecture is a kind of domain engineering, and supports model-driven engineering of software systems. It was launched by the Object Management Group (OMG) in 2001.
World Strength Games
World Strength Games (abbreviated 'WSG') is an annual international strongman competition and fitness expo. Established in 2017, the event combines world record attempts in strength disciplines with regional qualifying competitions across North America, including events such as the Utah Strength Games and Salt Lake Strongest Man. In 2025, it was held during Memorial Day weekend at the Dixie Convention Center in St. George, Utah.

Deadlift
The deadlift is a strength training exercise in which a weight is lifted off the ground to hip level and then returned to the floor. While traditionally done with a barbell, deadlifts can also be done with dumbbells, kettlebells, trap bars, or resistance bands. It is one of the three powerlifting movements along with the squat and bench press, as well as a quintessential lift in strongman. The all-time deadlift world record stands at 510 kg (1,124.36 lb), achieved by Iceland's Hafþór Júlíus Björnsson.

Two styles of deadlift are commonly used in competition settings: the conventional deadlift and the sumo deadlift. While both of these styles are permitted under the rules of powerlifting, only the conventional stance is permitted in strongman.
Xylophanes tersa
Xylophanes tersa, the tersa sphinx, is a species of moth of the family Sphingidae. The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1771. It is found from the United States (Massachusetts south to southern Florida, west to Nebraska, New Mexico and southern Arizona), through Mexico, the West Indies and Central America and into parts of South America (including Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina and Brazil). An occasional stray can be found as far north as Canada.

The larvae feed on Borreria, Catalpa, Manettia, and Pentas species, and Spermacoce glabra, Hamelia patens, Hedyotis nigricans, Heimia salicifolia, Psychotria microdon, Psychotria nervosa, and Inga vera.

Hamelia patens
Hamelia patens is a large evergreen perennial shrub or small tree in the family	Rubiaceae, that is native to the American subtropics and tropics. Its range extends from Florida in the southern United States to as far south as Argentina. Common names include firebush, hummingbird bush, scarlet bush, and redhead.  In Belize, this plant's Mayan name is Ix Canaan and is also known as "Guardian of the Forest".
Nkamba
Nkamba, also Nkamba New Jerusalem, is a town in the province of Kongo Central of the Democratic Republic of Congo.

The town is the birthplace of Simon Kimbangu and has become the spiritual headquarters of Kimbanguism.
Adherents believe it to be the New Jerusalem spoken about in the Book of Ezekiel.The city is home to the temple of the Kimbanguist Church. Near the temple is the mausoleum of the founder "Papa" Simon Kimbangu and his three sons, "Papa" Charles Kisolokele Lukelo, "Papa" Salomon Dialungana Kiangani and "Papa" Joseph Diangienda Kuntima.

New Jerusalem
In the Book of Ezekiel in the Hebrew Bible, New Jerusalem (יהוה שָׁמָּה‎, YHWH šāmmā, YHWH [is] there") is Ezekiel's prophetic vision of a city centered on the rebuilt Holy Temple, to be established in Jerusalem, which would be the capital of the Messianic Kingdom, the meeting place of the twelve tribes of Israel, during the Messianic era. The prophecy is recorded by Ezekiel as having been received on Yom Kippur of the year 3372 of the Hebrew calendar.

In the Book of Revelation in the New Testament, the city is also called the Heavenly Jerusalem, as well as being called Zion in other books of the Christian Bible.
Diocese of Michigan
The Episcopal Diocese of Michigan is the Episcopal diocese comprising 70 congregations in the southeast part of Michigan. In 2024, the diocese reported average Sunday attendance (ASA) of 3,893 persons. The most recent membership statistics (2023) showed 13,311 members.

The diocese traces its roots to the founding of St. Paul's, Detroit in 1824. It became a diocese of the Episcopal Church in 1836, one year before the State of Michigan entered the Union. Initially encompassing the entire Michigan Territory, it split several times to reflect a growing population, and now comprises only the densely populated southeastern portion of the state.

St. Paul's, Detroit was formally designated the cathedral of the diocese in 1912.

Michigan Territory
The Territory of Michigan was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from June 30, 1805, until January 26, 1837, when the final extent of the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Michigan. Detroit was the territorial capital.
Tel Rumeida
Tel Rumeida (Arabic: تل رميدة; Hebrew: תל רומיידה), also known as Jabla al-Rahama and Tel Hebron is an archaeological, agricultural and residential area in the West Bank city of Hebron. Within it, lies a tell whose remains go back to the Chalcolithic period, and is thought to constitute the Canaanite, Israelite and Edomite settlements of Hebron mentioned in the Hebrew Bible and Second Temple period literature.

While most of the site's area is used as an agricultural land, it is also the location of a Palestinian neighbourhood and an Israeli settlement. The international community considers Israeli settlements in the West Bank illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this.

Gideon Levy
Gideon Levy (Hebrew: גדעון לוי, pronounced [ɡidˈʔon leˈvi]; born 2 June 1953) is an Israeli journalist and author. Levy writes opinion pieces and a weekly column for the newspaper Haaretz that often focus on the Israeli occupation of the Palestinian territories. Levy has won prizes for his articles on human rights in the Israeli-occupied territories. In 2021, he won Israel's top award for journalism, the Sokolov Award.
Postage stamps and postal history of El Salvador
El Salvador became independent from Spain in 1821. It has produced its own stamps since 1867.

The earliest known postal marking for El Salvador has been found on an entire letter from Santa Ana to Guatemala, July 30, 1780. It bears a pre-philatelic postmark from Santa Ana.

León, Nicaragua
León (Spanish pronunciation: [leˈon]) is the second largest city in Nicaragua, after Managua. Founded by the Spanish as Santiago de los Caballeros de León, it is the capital and largest city of León Department. As of 2022, the municipality of León has an estimated population of 213,718.

León is located along the Río Chiquito (Chiquito River), some 90 kilometres (56 miles) northwest of Managua, and some 18 km (11 miles) east of the Pacific Ocean coast. León has long been the political and intellectual center of the nation and its National Autonomous University of Nicaragua (UNAN) was founded in 1813, making it the second oldest university in Central America. León is also an important industrial, agricultural, and commercial center for Nicaragua, exporting sugar cane, cattle, peanut, plantain, and sorghum. The city has been home to many of Nicaragua's most noteworthy poets including Rubén Darío, Alfonso Cortés and Salomón de la Selva.
Catriona Grant
Catriona Mary Grant is a former co-chair and former women's officer of the Scottish Socialist Party. She was instrumental in the split from the CWI international which established the SSP during the "Scottish Debate" of the late-90s.

She was the chair of the Edinburgh Old Town Community Council and an active member of Save Our Old Town. She is also an active campaigner for abortion rights against domestic abuse and sexual exploitation.

In 2008, she was nominated as a "local heroine" in Scottish Women's Aid's national survey, conducted for international women's day.

Scottish Socialist Party
The Scottish Socialist Party (SSP) is a left-wing political party campaigning for the establishment of an independent socialist Scottish republic.

The party was founded in 1998. It campaigns for Scottish independence, against cuts to public services and welfare and for democratic public ownership of the economy. The SSP was one of three parties in Yes Scotland, the official cross-party campaign for Scottish independence in the 2014 referendum, with national co-spokesperson Colin Fox sitting on its advisory board.

The party operates through a local branch structure and publishes Scotland's longest-running socialist newspaper, the Scottish Socialist Voice. At the height of its electoral success in 2003, the party had six Members of the Scottish Parliament (MSPs) and two councillors, but since 2017 it has had no councillors or MSPs.
Ioana Baciu
Ioana Maria Baciu (born 4 January 1990) is a Romanian female volleyball player. She is part of the Romania women's national volleyball team.

She competed at the 2015 Women's European Volleyball Championship. On club level she plays for CSM Volei Alba Blaj since the summer of 2018. Previously she played for CSM Bucuresti and Dinamo Bucuresti.

2015 Women's European Volleyball Championship
The 2015 Women's European Volleyball Championship was the 29th edition of the European Volleyball Championship, organised by Europe's governing volleyball body, the Confédération Européenne de Volleyball. It was hosted by Netherlands and Belgium from 26 September to 4 October 2015. The championship managers were the Dutch Olympic gold volleyball medalist Peter Blange and the former Belgian volleyball player Virginie De Carne. Russia defeated Netherlands 3–0 in the final to capture their 19th title, while Tatiana Kosheleva was elected most valuable player back to back.
Kachru
Kachru or Kachroo (Kashmiri: कचरू, کچرو) is a Kashmiri Pandit surname and clan. Kachrus originate from the Kashmir Valley of Jammu and Kashmir, India. Plenty of Kachrus retained their Hindu last name after they converted to Islam.

Notable people with the surname include:

Braj Kachru (1923–2016), Indian linguist

Shamit Kachru (born 1970), American theoretical physicist, son of Braj and Yamuna

Yamuna Kachru (1933–2013), Indian linguist, wife of Braj

Kashmiri language
Kashmiri (English: /kæʃˈmɪəri/ kash-MEER-ee), also known by its endonym Koshur (Kashmiri: کٲشُر (Perso-Arabic, Official Script), pronounced [kəːʃur]), is an Indo-Aryan language of the Dardic branch spoken by around 7 million Kashmiris of the Kashmir region, primarily in the Kashmir Valley and surrounding hills of the Indian-administrated union territory of Jammu and Kashmir, over half the population of that territory. Kashmiri has split ergativity and the unusual verb-second word order.

Since 2020, it has been made an official language of Jammu and Kashmir along with Dogri, Hindi, Urdu and English. Kashmiri is also among the 22 scheduled languages of India.

Kashmiri is spoken by roughly five percent of Pakistani-administrated Azad Kashmir's population.
Cane Creek (Byrd Creek tributary)
Cane Creek is a stream in Cape Girardeau County, Missouri. It is a tributary of Byrd Creek.

The stream headwaters arise at 37°27′47″N 89°38′27″W﻿ / ﻿37.46306°N 89.64083°W﻿ / 37.46306; -89.64083 along the west side of Fruitland. The stream flows to the southwest passing under I-55 and then Missouri Route 34 west of Jackson to its confluence with Byrd Creek 2.5 miles southeast of Burfordville at 37°21′08″N 89°45′47″W﻿ / ﻿37.35222°N 89.76306°W﻿ / 37.35222; -89.76306.

Cane Creek was lined with cane, hence the name.

Burfordville, Missouri
Burfordville is an unincorporated community in western Cape Girardeau County, Missouri, United States, on the banks of the Whitewater River.  It is located five miles west of Jackson on Route 34.  Bufordville is part of the Cape Girardeau–Jackson, MO-IL Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Bollinger Mill State Historic Site and Burfordville Covered Bridge are both listed on the National Register of Historic Places listings in Cape Girardeau County.
Demographics of Bhutan
This is a demography of the population of Bhutan including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

The Royal Government of Bhutan listed the country's population as 752,700 in 2003.

The Bhutanese numbers can be reconstructed from their 9th Five Year Plan documents, which lists the exact number of households in each gewog. If the Bhutanese refugee advocate groups are correct, a spot check of a southern gewog should show a massive under-reporting of population.

The CIA World Fact book number has since been adjusted with a note of former inconsistencies, and attributes the difference to the government not including the "first modern census of Bhutan, conducted in 2005". In the 1970s Bhutan was one of the most isolated countries in the world and nobody knew how many people lived there since no census had ever been taken.

Politics of Bhutan
The politics of Bhutan historically took place under an absolute monarchy, but has since 2008 been characterized as a constitutional monarchy. The King of Bhutan is the head of state. The executive power is exercised by the Lhengye Zhungtshog, or council of ministers, headed by the Prime Minister. Legislative power is vested in the bicameral Parliament, both the upper house, National Council, and the lower house, National Assembly.

Historically, Bhutan was governed as an absolute monarchy. Democratization occurred with the 2007–2008 Bhutanese National Council election.  A royal edict issued on April 22, 2007 lifted the previous ban on political parties in anticipation of the National Assembly elections in the following year. In 2008, Bhutan adopted its first modern Constitution, codifying the institutions of government and the legal framework for a democratic multi-party system.

The Economist Intelligence Unit rated Bhutan a "hybrid regime" in 2023.
Levanna projectile point
Levanna projectile points are stone projectile points manufactured by Native Americans what is now the Northeastern United States, generally in the time interval of 700-1350 AD. They are true arrowheads rather than atlatl dart points, and they derive their name from the specimens found at the Levanna site in Cayuga County, New York.

Arrowhead
An arrowhead or point is the usually sharpened and hardened tip of an arrow, which contributes a majority of the projectile mass and is responsible for impacting and penetrating a target, or sometimes for special purposes such as signaling.

The earliest arrowheads were made of stone and of organic materials; as human civilizations progressed, other alloy materials were used.  Arrowheads are important archaeological artifacts; they are a subclass of projectile points.  Modern enthusiasts still "produce over one million brand-new spear and arrow points per year".

A craftsman who manufactures arrowheads is called an arrowsmith.