hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pseudochapsa aptrootiana
Pseudochapsa aptrootiana is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) in the family Graphidaceae. Found in Brazil, it was formally described as a new species in 2018 by Marcela Eugenia da Silva Cáceres, Thamires Almeida Pereira, and Robert Lücking. The type specimen was collected from Mata do Cipó (Capela e Siriri, Sergipe) at an elevation of 80–100 m (260–330 ft); here, in an Atlantic Rainforest remnant, it was found in the forest understory. It has a light grey thallus lacking a prothallus and a cortex. Its ascospores, which number eight per ascus, are oblong to spindle-shaped (fusiform) with between 11 and 15 septa and measure 30–35 by 7–8 μm. Lichen products that occur in Pseudochapsa aptrootiana include stictic and constictic acid as major or submajor metabolites, and minor to trace amounts of cryptostictic, hypostictic, and acetylhypoconstictic acids. The species epithet honours Dutch lichenologist André Aptroot, "for his invaluable contributions to tropical lichenology".

Cryptostictic acid
Cryptostictic acid is a chemical compound of the depsidone class.  It has the molecular formula C19H16O9 and is a secondary metabolite of various lichens.  It was first reported in 1980 as a constituent of Lobaria oregana. It has since been identified in lichens in the genera Ramalina, Oxneriaria, and Usnea, among others.
Book of Taliesin
The Book of Taliesin (Welsh: Llyfr Taliesin) is one of the most famous of Middle Welsh manuscripts, dating from the first half of the 14th century though many of the fifty-six poems it preserves are taken to originate in the 10th century or before.

The volume contains some of the oldest poems in Welsh, possibly but not certainly dating back to the sixth century and to a real poet called Taliesin.

Middle Welsh
Middle Welsh (Welsh: Cymraeg Canol, Middle Welsh: Kymraec) is the label attached to the Welsh language of the 12th to 15th centuries, of which much more remains than for any earlier period. This form of Welsh developed directly from Old Welsh (Welsh: Hen Gymraeg).
Linda Rottenberg
Linda Rottenberg is an American businesswoman and author. She is the author of Crazy Is a Compliment: The Power of Zigging When Everyone Else Zags. She is the CEO and co-founder of Endeavor, a non-profit organization that encourages the power of entrepreneurship.

She serves on the board of Zayo Group, a global provider of bandwidth infrastructure (NYSE: ZAYO). She is a member of the Inter-American Dialogue, Council on Foreign Relations, and Young Presidents' Organization (YPO) and serves on the entrepreneurship steering committee of the World Economic Forum.

Zayo Group
Zayo Group Holdings, Inc., or Zayo Group, is a privately held company headquartered in Denver, CO, U.S. with European headquarters in London, England. The company provides communications infrastructure services, including fiber and bandwidth connectivity, colocation and cloud infrastructure. Zayo's primary customer segments include wireless carriers, national carriers, ISPs, enterprises and government agencies. Zayo Group was built largely through acquisitions; it took over thirty companies from 2007 to 2014, including AboveNet and 360networks. The company completed an initial public offering of stock raising $600 million in 2014. In 2020, Zayo Group was taken private by global investment firms EQT AB and Digital Colony Partners in a deal valued at $14.3 billion.
Mary Randolph
Mary Randolph (August 9, 1762 – January 23, 1828) was a Southern American cook and writer, known for writing The Virginia House-Wife; Or, Methodical Cook (1824), one of the most influential housekeeping and cook books of the 19th century. Many of the recipes used local Virginia ingredients including Tanacetum vulgare virginia pudding, pickled nasturtiums and desserts with the native gooseberry. She was the first person known to be buried at what would become known as Arlington National Cemetery.

Tansy
Tansy (Tanacetum vulgare) is a perennial, herbaceous flowering plant in the genus Tanacetum in the aster family, native to temperate Europe and Asia. It has been introduced to other parts of the world, including North America, and in some areas has become invasive. It is also known as common tansy, bitter buttons, cow bitter, or golden buttons. The Latin word vulgare means "common".
Busy signal
A busy signal (or busy tone or engaged tone) in telephony is an audible call-progress tone or audible signal to the calling party that indicates failure to complete the requested connection of that particular telephone call.

The busy signal has become less common in the past few decades due to the prevalence of call waiting and voicemail.

Voicemail
A voicemail system (also known as voice message or voice bank) is a computer-based system that allows callers to leave a recorded message when the recipient has been unable (or unwilling) to answer the phone. Calls may be directed to voicemail manually or automatically. The caller is prompted to leave a message that the recipient can retrieve at a later time.

Voicemail can be used for personal calls, but more complex systems exist for companies and services to handle the volume of customer requests. The term is also used more broadly to denote any system of conveying stored telecommunications voice messages, including using older technology like answering machines.
Garden West
Garden West is a residential neighbourhood in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan, situated to the west of the Karachi Zoo. It is among the city's oldest settlements and has been recognised as a high tax-contributing locality. The residential area extends from the southwest to the northeast, positioned between the Lyari River and Nishtar Road.

The several ethnic groups residing in Saddar Town include the Muhajirs, Sindhis, Punjabis, Kashmiris, Seraikis, Pakhtuns, Balochs, Memons, Bohras and Ismailis.

Musta'li Ismailism
Musta'li Isma'ilism (Arabic: المستعلية, romanized: al-Mustaʿliyya) is a branch of Isma'ilism named for their acceptance of al-Musta'li as the legitimate ninth Fatimid caliph and legitimate successor to his father, al-Mustansir Billah (r. 1036–1094/1095). The Nizari the other living branch of Ismailism, led by Aga Khan V believe the ninth caliph was al-Musta'li's elder brother, Nizar.

The Musta'li originated in Fatimid-ruled Egypt, later moved its religious center to Yemen, and gained a foothold in 11th-century Western India through missionaries.
Paul Knox
Thomas Paul Patrick Knox (November 23, 1933 – August 24, 2022) was a Canadian professional ice hockey right winger who played in one National Hockey League game for the Toronto Maple Leafs during the 1954–55 season.

Knox was also a member of the Kitchener-Waterloo Dutchmen who won the bronze medal for Canada in ice hockey at the 1956 Winter Olympics. He died on August 24, 2022, at the age of 88.

Berlin Dutchmen
The Berlin Dutchmen were an early professional ice hockey team operating out of Berlin, Ontario, (renamed Kitchener in 1916) from 1907 in the Ontario Professional Hockey League (OPHL). The Berlin team is notable for challenging the Stanley Cup in 1910 versus the Montreal Wanderers. The dormant team was revived in 1926 as the Kitchener Dutchmen of the Canadian Professional Hockey League. The dormant name was revived in 1947 as the senior Kitchener-Waterloo Dutchmen, notable for winning Canada a bronze medal at the 1956 Olympics and a silver medal at the 1960 Olympics. The minor junior Kitchener Dutchmen continue the name today.
Andean Region, Venezuela
The Andean Region (Spanish: Región de los Andes) is one of the nine administrative regions of Venezuela. It comprises the states of Barinas, Mérida, Táchira, and Trujillo, as well as the Páez Municipality in Apure.

This region borders the Zulian Region to the northwest, the Central-Western Region to the north, the Central Region to the northeast, and the Llanos Region to the east. It also shares an international border with Colombia to the south and west.

Páez Municipality, Apure
Páez is one of the seven municipalities (municipios) that makes up the Venezuelan state of Apure and, according to the 2011 census by the National Institute of Statistics of Venezuela, the municipality has a population of 100,125. The town of Guasdualito is the municipal seat of the Páez Municipality.
Hermans Egleskalns
Hermans Egleskalns (born 8 December 1990) is a Latvian volleyball player, a member of the Latvia men's national volleyball team. For the 2024-25 season he plays for the Greek club Floisvos Palaio Faliro in the Greek Championship.

LNV Ligue A Masculine
LNV Ligue A Masculine (LAM), known for sponsorship reasons as Marmara SpikeLigue is the top men's volleyball league in France, established in 1938. It is governed by the Ligue Nationale de Volley (LNV), an independent body that runs French professional volleyball under delegation from the French Volleyball Federation (FFVB).
Prior to adopting its current name in 2009, the league used to be known as Pro A, a name it shared with its basketball equivalent.
Kargar
Kargar is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Abbas Kargar (born 1956), Iranian former footballer

Mohammad Yousef Kargar (born 1963), Afghan football manager

Mohammad Shakir Kargar (born 1967), Afghan politician

Rangina Kargar (born 1985), Afghan politician

Mohsen Haji Hassani Kargar (1988–2015), Iranian Qāriʾ

Amirhossein Kargar (born 1998), Iranian footballer

Qāriʾ
A qāriʾ (Arabic: قَارِئ, lit. 'reader', plural قُرَّاء qurrāʾ or قَرَأَة qaraʾa; feminine form: qāriʾa Arabic: قَارِئَة) is a person who recites the Quran with the proper rules of recitation (tajwid).

Although it is encouraged, a qāriʾ does not necessarily have to memorize the Quran, just to recite it according to the rules of tajwid with melodious sound.
Rod McCurdy
Rodney John McCurdy (born 30 December 1959) is a former first-class cricketer who played for Australia, Border, Derbyshire, Eastern Province, Natal, South Australia, Tasmania and Victoria. He now lives in South Africa.

A fast bowler, he played in 11 One Day Internationals in the mid-1980s and later joined in the South African rebel tours in 1985.

KwaZulu-Natal cricket team
KwaZulu-Natal (formerly Natal) is the first-class cricket team that represents the province of KwaZulu-Natal (formerly Natal) in South Africa in the CSA 4-Day Domestic Series (previously the Currie Cup). KwaZulu-Natal is the only team that did not merge with another during the 2004 restructuring, but were rebranded as the Dolphins. However, the KwaZulu-Natal Inland cricket team was granted first-class status in 2006, and began competing in the CSA Provincial Competitions in 2006-2007, and were also represented by the Dolphins franchise. The team was originally called Natal and began playing in December 1889 at the start of first-class cricket in South Africa. The team joined the Currie Cup in 1893–94. The name changed in April 1998.
Saving Mr. Banks (soundtrack)
Saving Mr. Banks: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the soundtrack album of the 2013 drama film Saving Mr. Banks, written and composed by American film composer Thomas Newman.

The album features twenty-five tracks of Newman's score, as well as four re-recordings of songs written by Richard M. Sherman and Robert B. Sherman as performed by the film's cast, and two standalone songs ("One Mint Julep" and "Heigh-Ho"). Walt Disney Records released two editions of the soundtrack on December 10, 2013: a single-disc and a two-disc digipak deluxe edition, with the latter containing original demo recordings by the Sherman Brothers and selected songs from Mary Poppins.

Newman's score was critically lauded and received several accolade recognitions for Best Musical Score, including Academy Award, BAFTA, Grammy Award, and Critics' Choice Award nominations.

Critics Choice Association
The Critics Choice Association (CCA), formerly the Broadcast Film Critics Association (BFCA), is an association of television, radio and online critics. Their membership includes critics who review film and television. Founded in 1995, it is the largest film critics organization in the United States and Canada.  The organization has presented the Critics' Choice Awards, aimed to recognize movies, television programs, and documentaries each year since 1995.

The association also selects a Film of the Month and recommends other films throughout the year, based on the cumulative grades each film receives in the monthly balloting. Since 2018 the association organized the Celebration of Cinema and Television, a serie of three awards ceremonies to honor African Americans, Latino, Asian Americans and Pacific Islander Americans in film and television industries.
TCDD DE33000
TCDD DE 33000 is a type of diesel-electric locomotive built for operations on Turkish State Railways by Tülomsaş. It is model GT26CW-2 designed by General Motors Electro-Motive Diesel and using the famous EMD 645 two stroke diesel engine and using the EMD Dash 2 electronic module. It has been revised to have EMD Dash 3 like microprocessor control in 2017. This batch has air starter.

Total initial order was for 65 units, followed by supplemental orders to increase the quantity to 89, with delivery starting in 2003. Its name refers to its maximum power output, 3,300 hp (2,500 kW).

EMD Dash 2
The EMD Dash 2 is a line of diesel-electric locomotives introduced by General Motors' Electro-Motive Division (EMD) on January 1, 1972.  Designations of these models were those of the former models with "-2" added (e.g., the SD40 was replaced by the SD40-2). They retained the basic specifications of the earlier models in terms of power output and most other features, but introduced a number of improvements to the locomotives' internal systems, specifically the electrical systems and the trucks of the locomotives. These were intended to improve availability, efficiency, and ease of maintenance.

One major improvement was a modularized electrical control cabinet, allowing maintenance by unit replacement and the use of common parts. These concepts were first tested on the DDA40X.
County of Holzappel
The County of Holzappel (German: Grafschaft Holzappel) was an immediate state of the Holy Roman Empire, located in the present German state of Rhineland-Palatinate.

It was centered on the town of Holzappel. It was founded in 1643 by Peter Melander, an imperial field marshal during the Thirty Years' War. In 1806, the county lost its imperial immediacy and was mediatised to the Duchy of Nassau. It was dissolved in 1918.

Archduke Stephen of Austria (Palatine of Hungary)
Archduke Stephen Francis Victor (German: Stephan Franz Viktor; Hungarian: István Ferenc Viktor; 14 September 1817 – 19 February 1867) was a member of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine and the last Palatine of Hungary, serving from 1847 to 1848.
Wellington Suspension Bridge
The Wellington Suspension Bridge (also known as the Chain Bridge and Craiglug Bridge) is a suspension bridge crossing the River Dee from Ferryhill to Craiglug in Aberdeen, north east Scotland. Designed by Captain Samuel Brown and the Aberdeen City Architect John Smith, it was opened to pedestrians in November 1830 and to traffic in May 1831. The chain bridge was closed in 1984 to vehicles and then pedestrians in 2002, but was restored in 2006/07 and pedestrian use was re-instated in 2008.

Nigg, Aberdeen
Nigg is an area of Aberdeen, Scotland, south of the River Dee. It has a population of 16,400 (2019 estimate). The area has a bay known as the Bay of Nigg or Nigg Bay, immediately south of a coastal golf course, and a farm that is also a visitor attraction, known as Doonies Farm.
Stealing Summers
Stealing Summers is a 2011 American drama film directed by David Martin Porras, written by Matt Lester, and starring Wilson Bethel, Sophie Auster, James Jagger, and Mariano Martinez. It was filmed on location in Buenos Aires, and premiered at the 2011 Seminci (also known as Semana Internacional de Cine de Valladolid or Valladolid International Film Festival) in Valladolid, Spain.

Valladolid International Film Festival
The Valladolid International Film Festival, popularly known as Seminci (short for Semana Internacional de Cine de Valladolid; transl. 'Valladolid International Film Week'), is a film festival held annually in Valladolid, Spain. First held in 1956 as Semana de Cine Religioso de Valladolid ('Valladolid Religious Film Week'), the Seminci is one of the longest-standing film festivals in Spain. It stands out in the area of films d'auteur and independent films.

The Seminci conventionally takes place every October, about a month later than the San Sebastián Film Festival, the most prestigious film festival in Spain.
Bad Salzschlirf station
Bad Salzschlirf station is the only station in the spa town of Bad Salzschlirf in the German state of Hesse and is located on the Vogelsberg Railway (Vogelsbergbahn) from Gießen to Fulda. The railway to Niederjossa branched off at the station from 1898 to 1989.

Spa town
A spa town is a resort town based on a mineral spa (a developed mineral spring). Patrons may visit spas to "take the waters" for their purported health benefits.

Thomas Guidott set up a medical practice in the English town of Bath in 1668. He became interested in the curative properties of the hot mineral waters there and in 1676 wrote A discourse of Bathe, and the hot waters there. Also, Some Enquiries into the Nature of the water. This brought the purported health-giving properties of the waters to the attention of the aristocracy, who started to partake in them soon after.

The term spa is used for towns or resorts offering hydrotherapy, which can include cold water or mineral water treatments and geothermal baths, and comes from the Belgian town Spa.
Nell Gwynn (play)
Nell Gwynn is a play by the British playwright Jessica Swale, begun in 2013 and premiering at Shakespeare's Globe from 19 September to 17 October 2015. It deals with the life of Nell Gwynn, mistress of Charles II, and her part in the theatre of the 17th century. Gugu Mbatha-Raw played the title role in the production debut.

Shakespeare's Globe
Shakespeare's Globe is a reconstruction of the Globe Theatre, an Elizabethan playhouse first built in 1599 for which William Shakespeare wrote his plays. Like the original, it is located on the south bank of the River Thames, in Southwark, London. The reconstruction was completed in 1997 and while concentrating on Shakespeare's work also hosts a variety of other theatrical productions. Part of the Globe's complex also hosts the Sam Wanamaker Playhouse for smaller, indoor productions, in a setting which also recalls the period.
Maiden Vows
Maiden Vows (Polish original title: Śluby Panieńskie and USA title: War of Love) is a 2010 Polish historical drama directed by Filip Bajon. The film is an adaptation of Aleksander Fredro's play of the same title from 1832. The film is set in the Austrian Partition and was shot in Kotuń and Nowa Sucha from August 26 to September 30, 2010.

The film is set in the nineteenth century, but the film has anachronistic contemporary inserts (e.g. car, cell phones, modern press).

Aleksander Fredro
Aleksander Fredro (20 June 1793 – 15 July 1876) was a Polish poet, playwright and author active during Polish Romanticism in the period of partitions by neighboring empires. His works including plays written in the octosyllabic verse (Zemsta) and in prose (Damy i Huzary) as well as fables, belong to the canon of Polish literature. Fredro was harshly criticized by some of his contemporaries for light-hearted humor or even alleged immorality (Seweryn Goszczyński, 1835) which led to years of his literary silence. Many of Fredro's dozens of plays were published and popularized only after his death. His best-known works have been translated into English, French, German, Russian, Czech, Romanian, Hungarian and Slovak.
Longewala
Longewala is a border town in the Indian state of Rajasthan. It is located in the Thar Desert in the western part of Jaisalmer district, about 111 km from the city of Jaisalmer. Main languages widely spoken in the town are Rajasthani and Hindi. Longewala has a total population of 188 people according to the 2011 census.

Rajasthani languages
The Rajasthani languages are a group of various languages derived from Western Indo-Aryan languages, primarily spoken in Rajasthan and Malwa, and adjacent areas of Haryana, Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh in India and Bahawalpur division of Pakistani Punjab and the adjacent areas of Sindh. They have also reached different corners of India, especially eastern and southern parts, due to the migrations of people of the Marwari community who use them for internal communication. Rajasthani languages are also spoken to a lesser extent in Nepal, where they are spoken by 25,394 people according to the 2011 Census of Nepal.

The term Rajasthani is also used to refer to a literary language mostly based on Marwari.: 441
Ordubad District
Ordubad District (Azerbaijani: Ordubad rayonu) is one of the 7 districts of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan. The district borders the district of Julfa, as well as the Syunik Province of Armenia, and the East Azerbaijan Province of Iran. Its capital and largest city is Ordubad. As at 2020, the district had a population of 50,200.

Syunik Province
Syunik (Armenian: Սյունիք, pronounced [sjuˈnikʰ] ⓘ) is the southernmost province of Armenia. It is bordered by the Vayots Dzor Province to the north, Azerbaijan's Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic exclave to the west, Azerbaijan to the east, and Iran to the south. Its capital and largest city is the town of Kapan. The Statistical Committee of Armenia reported its population was 114,488 in the 2022 census, down from 141,771 at the 2011 census and 152,684 at the 2001 census.
The Air Farce Comedy Album
The Air Farce Comedy Album is a comedy album performed by the Royal Canadian Air Farce comedy troupe, released in 1979. The sketches were performed in CBC's Studio 4 over a two-day period on August 23 and 24, 1978. The never-before-performed sketches were performed in front of a live audience, allowing for spontaneous reaction.

The album was the winner of the Juno Award for Comedy Album of the Year at the Juno Awards of 1979.

Comedy troupe
A comedy troupe is a group of comedians and associated personnel who work together to perform comedy as entertainment. The term is often used interchangeably with comedy group, and the troupe may specialize in a specific genre or style of comedy.

Some examples of comedy troupes include: the Marx Brothers, the Three Stooges, Laurel and Hardy, Martin and Lewis, Abbott and Costello, Cheech & Chong, the Second City, Kalabhavan, the Firesign Theatre, Monty Python, Blue Collar Comedy Tour, Penn and Teller, the Kids in the Hall, the Mighty Boosh, the Trailer Park Boys, The Whitest Kids U' Know, the Tenderloins, the Hollow Men, Asperger's Are Us, Kummeli, Senario, and Them There.
Kafr Qouq, Syria
Kafr Qouq or Kafr Qawq (Arabic: كفرقوق) is a Syrian village in the Qatana District of the Rif Dimashq Governorate. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Kafr Qouq had a population of 1,015 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly Sunni Muslims.

Qatana District
Qatana District (Arabic: منطقة قطنا, romanized: minṭaqat Qaṭana) is a district of the Rif Dimashq Governorate in southern Syria.

The district is located just to the east of Mount Hermon. Administrative centre is the city of Qatana. At the 2004 census, the district had a population of 207,245.