hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Uwe Dotzauer
Uwe Dotzauer (born 19 February 1959 in Klingenthal) is an East German nordic combined skier who competed from 1977 to 1987. He won two medals at the 1982 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in Oslo with gold in the 3 x 10 team and bronze in the 15 km individual.

Dotzauer won the Nordic combined event at the 1980 Holmenkollen ski festival. He competed in two Winter Olympics, finishing 5th in 1980 and 7th in 1984.

Dotzauer's only additional victory came in Seefeld, Austria in 1983.

FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 1982
The FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 1982 took place on 19–28 February 1982 in Oslo, Norway at the Holmenkollen ski arena. This was Oslo's record-tying fourth time hosting the event after previously doing so in 1930, the 1952 Winter Olympics, and 1966. The Nordic combined 3 × 10 km team event and the ski jumping team large hill events were added to these championships. It was also the year in which cross country competitions had the freestyle (or skating) technique debuted and that electronic timing returned to scoring the results in tenths of a second after Sweden's Thomas Wassberg edged out Finland's Juha Mieto by 0.01 seconds in the men's 15 km event at the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid. The timing of the event in tenths of a second has continued as of 2011 in all Nordic skiing events.
Carl Bamberg
Johann Carl Wilhelm Anton Bamberg (born 12 July 1847 in Kranichfeld, died 4 June 1892 in Friedenau) was a German engineer and entrepreneur.

He began his career as an apprentice at Carl Zeiss. In 1871 he founded his own company, manufacturing cathetometers and planimeters.

He manufactured equatorial telescopes for the Düsseldorf Observatory, the Jena Observatory and the Urania Berlin Observatory. He is best known for the Bamberg-Refraktor, a large telescope in Berlin.

In 1878 he set up a time ball station at Wilhelmshaven.

After his death, his company became Askania-Werke AG, which continues to this day.

Equatorial mount
An equatorial mount is a mount for instruments that compensates for Earth's rotation by having one rotational axis, called polar axis, parallel to the Earth's axis of rotation. This type of mount is used for astronomical telescopes and cameras. The advantage of an equatorial mount lies in its ability to allow the instrument attached to it to stay fixed on any celestial object with diurnal motion by driving one axis at a constant speed. Such an arrangement is called a sidereal drive or clock drive. Equatorial mounts achieve this by aligning their rotational axis with the Earth, a process known as polar alignment.
Lawn bowls at the 2018 Commonwealth Games – Women's pairs
Lawn bowls women's pairs at the 2018 Commonwealth Games was held at the Broadbeach Bowls Club in the Gold Coast, Australia, from April 9 to 13. A total of 42 athletes from 21 associations participated in the event.

Bowls
Bowls, also known as lawn bowls or lawn bowling, is a sport in which players try to roll their ball (called a bowl) closest to a smaller ball (known as a "jack" or sometimes a "kitty"). The bowls are shaped (biased), so that they follow a curved path when being rolled. The game is played either in teams or one against one.

The game was first played in the 13th century. The game is played on grass, although other surfaces are sometimes used. Matches are held either until one player gets to a score, or when a number of ends are played.

The game is mostly played on a bowling green, which can vary by the type of bowls being played. Whilst the game is often played outdoors, there are indoor bowling venues, and can also be played on rollable carpets. For outdoor games, this is usually on grass; however, it can also be played on cotula in New Zealand.
Action of 30 March 2010
The action of 30 March 2010 was a naval battle involving a patrol boat of the Seychelles Coast Guard and two groups of Somali pirate vessels. The encounter resulted in the freeing of twenty-seven hostages held by the pirates.

Piracy off the coast of Somalia
Piracy off the coast of Somalia occurs in the Gulf of Aden, Guardafui Channel, and Indian Ocean, in Somali territorial waters and other surrounding places and has a long troubled history with different perspectives from different communities. It was initially a threat to international fishing vessels during the early 2000s, only to rapidly escalate and expand to international shipping during the War in Somalia (2006–2009). The escalation of conflict between local Somali fishermen and foreign vessels occurred in a context where Somalia is estimated to lose approximately $300 million annually since 1991 due to the unauthorized extraction of marine resources using harmful methods, such as dynamite fishing, which is prohibited in a number of other regions.
Gronkowski (horse)
Gronkowski is a Thoroughbred racehorse (born in 2015) who came second in the 2018 Belmont Stakes and 2019 Dubai World Cup. He is named after American football tight end Rob Gronkowski, who is a minority owner of the horse.

Dubai World Cup
The Dubai World Cup (Arabic: كأس دبي العالمي) is a Thoroughbred horse race held annually since 1996 and contested at the Meydan Racecourse in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The race is operated by Emirates Racing Authority (ERA) and carries a purse of US$12 million.
Brandon Neely
Brandon Neely is a former United States Army guard at the Guantanamo Bay detention camp, in Cuba.
Neely is notable for agreeing to be interviewed by the Center for the Study of Human Rights in the Americas at the University of California, at Davis.

Neely declined to respond to a recall to active duty from the Individual Ready Reserve in 2007.
Neely reported that, after receiving letters from the Department of Defense, he was sent an honorable discharge from the Army Reserve.

In January 2010, Neely flew to the United Kingdom and met with former captives.
Neely and Ruhal Ahmed and Shafiq Rasul reconnected in 2009 via Rasul's Facebook page.
The BBC Radio was scheduled to air a documentary about the meeting on January 14, 2010.

Military discharge
A military discharge is given when a member of the armed forces is released from their obligation to serve. Each country's military has different types of discharge. They are generally based on whether the persons completed their training and then fully and satisfactorily completed their term of service. Other types of discharge are based on factors such as the quality of their service, whether their service had to be ended prematurely due to humanitarian or medical reasons, whether they had been found to have drug or alcohol dependency issues and whether they were complying with treatment and counseling, and whether they had demerits or punishments for infractions or were convicted of any crimes. These factors affect whether they will be asked or allowed to re-enlist and whether they qualify for benefits after their discharge.
South Dandalup River
South Dandalup River is a river in the South West region of Western Australia.

The river rises at White Horse Hills North of Boddington and flows in westerly direction.

The river is in the Shire of Murray; it flows through Lake Banksiadale near Dwellingup, crosses the South Western Highway north of Pinjarra to its confluence with the North Dandalup River east of Ravenswood.

The two tributaries of the South Dandalup River are Conjurunup Creek and Boomer Brook.

At Lake Banksiadale the river is dammed by South Dandalup Dam, the largest dam providing water to Perth, Western Australia's capital city.

South West (Western Australia)
The South West region is one of the nine regions of Western Australia. It has an area of 23,970 square kilometres (9,250 sq mi), and a population of about 170,000 people. Bunbury is the main city in the region.
Stretch (surname)
Stretch is the surname of:

Bill Stretch (born 1935), Australian former politician

Billy Stretch (born 1996), Australian rules footballer

C.J. Stretch (born 1989), American ice hockey player

Charles Lennox Stretch (1797–1882), South African politician

Gary Stretch (born 1965), English actor, former boxer and former model

Jack Stretch (1855–1919), Australian Anglican bishop

Joe Stretch (born 1982), English writer

John Stretch (disambiguation)

John Stretch (MP) for Devon (UK Parliament constituency)

Peter Stretch (1670–1746), English-American clock maker

Richard Stretch (1952–2014), South African cricketer

Rudy Stretch (born 1999), American soccer player

Steven Stretch (born 1964), former Australian rules footballer

Thomas Stretch (1697–1765), English-American clock maker, son of Peter Stretch

Thomas James Stretch (1915–1973), British Army chaplain

Bill Stretch
William Noel Stretch (born 17 March 1935) is a former Australian politician.

He was born in Ballarat and arrived in Western Australia in 1954. He farmed at Mobrup before entering politics. In 1983 he was elected to the Western Australian Legislative Council as a Liberal member for Lower Central Province; following the reconstitution of the Council in 1989 he was one of the members for South West. From March to December 1986 he served as Shadow Minister for Agriculture, Conservation and Land Management, and from 1989 to 1992 he was Secretary to the Shadow Cabinet. He was Deputy Chairman of Committees from 1993 to 2001. Stretch retired from politics in 2005.
Olivella gaylordi
Olivella gaylordi is a species of small sea snail, marine gastropod mollusk in the subfamily Olivellinae, in the family Olividae, the olives.  Species in the genus Olivella are commonly called dwarf olives.

Olive snail
Olive snails, also known as olive shells and olives, scientific name Olividae, are a taxonomic family of medium to large predatory sea snails with smooth, shiny, elongated oval-shaped shells.

The shells often show various muted but attractive colors, and may be patterned also. They are marine gastropod molluscs in the family Olividae within the main clade Neogastropoda.
2013 Open Féminin de Marseille – Doubles
Séverine Beltrame and Laura Thorpe were the defending champions, having won the event in 2012, but both players chose not to defend their title.

Sandra Klemenschits and Andreja Klepač won the title, defeating Asia Muhammad and Allie Will in the final, 1–6, 6–4, [10–5].

Andreja Klepač
Andreja Klepač (born 13 March 1986) is a Slovenian tennis player. On 14 July 2008, she reached her career-high singles rankings of world No. 99. On 11 April 2022, she peaked at No. 11 in the WTA doubles rankings. She qualified also with Darija Jurak for the 2021 WTA Finals, after nearly 20 years on the professional tour.
Ethan Westbrooks
Ethan Colbey Westbrooks (born November 15, 1990) is an American former professional football defensive end. He played college football for the West Texas A&M Buffaloes and signed with the St. Louis Rams as an undrafted free agent in 2014.

West Texas A&M Buffaloes football
The West Texas A&M Buffaloes football program is the intercollegiate American football team for the West Texas A&M University located in the U.S. state of Texas. The team competes in Division II and are members of the Lone Star Conference. The school's first football team was fielded in 1910. Since 2019, the Buffaloes have played their home games at the 8,500 seat on-campus Bain–Schaeffer Buffalo Stadium. The team formerly played at the 20,000 seat Kimbrough Memorial Stadium. They are coached by Josh Lynn.
Padarn Bus
Padarn Bus was a bus company based in Llanberis, Gwynedd. It operated 21 routes in North Wales plus three summer services in Snowdonia National Park. Many of its vehicles and routes were acquired when it merged with larger company KMP.  The operator, who were being investigated by North Wales Police over allegations of fraud at the company, closed down on 30 May 2014.

Dennis Dart
The Dennis Dart is a rear-engined single-decker midibus chassis that was introduced by Dennis of Guildford, England, in 1989, replacing the Dennis Domino. Initially built as a high-floor design, in 1996 the low-floor second generation Dennis Dart SLF was launched. In 2001, production of the Dart SLF passed to TransBus International, during which time it was sold as the TransBus Dart SLF; Alexander Dennis took over production in 2004, renaming the product as the Alexander Dennis Dart SLF.

More than 12,600 Darts were produced in total during a 19-year production run. Most were purchased by United Kingdom operators, although examples were sold in Europe, North America, Australia and Hong Kong. In the United States, the Dart SLF, with Alexander ALX200 bodywork, was built and sold by Thomas Built Buses as the Thomas SLF 200.

The first generation Dart ceased production in 1998. Production of the Dart SLF continued until 2008, when it was replaced by the Alexander Dennis Enviro200.
John Verdun Newton
John Verdun Newton (12 April 1916 – 14 January 1944) was an Australian politician and Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) officer. While serving with the RAAF in Europe during the Second World War, Newton was elected to the Parliament of Western Australia for the seat of Greenough at the 1943 state election, but was killed in action 55 days later.

While many other members of Australian parliaments (MPs) have simultaneously served in wars, Newton's tenure was unusual because he was: both preselected and elected while he was overseas; one of only a few serving members of Australian parliaments to fly on combat operations; neither sworn in, nor able to sit in parliament, and killed in action while he was an MP.

Legislative session
A legislative session is the period of time in which a legislature, in both parliamentary and presidential systems, is convened for purpose of lawmaking, usually being one of two or more smaller divisions of the entire time between two elections. A session may last for the full term of the legislature or the term may consist of a number of sessions. These may be of fixed duration, such as a year, or may be determined by the party in power. In some countries, a session of the legislature is brought to an end by an official act of prorogation, in others by a motion to adjourn sine die. In either event, the close of a session generally brings an end to all unpassed bills in the legislature, which would have to be introduced anew to continue debate in the following session.
New Castle Congregational Church
The New Castle Congregational Church is a congregation of the United Church of Christ, located at 65 Main Street in New Castle, New Hampshire.  Its church, the only ecclesiastical building in the small community, was built in 1828 by a local master builder, based on the architectural patterns published by Asher Benjamin, and also based in part on the St. John's Church in nearby Portsmouth. It has undergone little alteration since its construction.

The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2015, and the New Hampshire State Register of Historic Places in 2007.

Asher Benjamin
Asher Benjamin (June 15, 1773 – July 26, 1845) was an American architect and author whose work transitioned between Federal architecture and the later Greek Revival architecture. His seven handbooks on design deeply influenced the look of cities and towns throughout New England until the Civil War. Builders also copied his plans in the Midwest and in the South.
2013 Madagascar locust plague
In 2012, Madagascar had an upsurge in the size of its Malagasy migratory locust (Locusta Migratoria Capito) populations. In November of that year, the government issued a locust alert, saying that conditions were right for swarming of the pest insects. In February 2013, Cyclone Haruna struck the country, creating optimal conditions for locust breeding.  By late March 2013, approximately 50% of the country was infested by swarms of locusts, with each swarm consisting of more than one billion insects. The authorities changed the situation to plague status. According to one eyewitness: "You don't see anything except locusts. You turn around, there are locusts everywhere".

News of the infestation went global the week before Passover, inspiring comparisons with the Biblical Plagues of Egypt, one of which was a swarm of locusts. It was the worst locust outbreak in Madagascar since a 17-year-long outbreak which began during the 1950s.

Plagues of Egypt
In the Book of Exodus, the Plagues of Egypt (Hebrew: מכות מצרים‎) were ten disasters that Yahweh inflicted on the Egyptians to convince the Pharaoh to emancipate the enslaved Israelites, each of them confronting the Pharaoh and one of his Egyptian gods; they served as "signs and marvels" given by Yahweh in response to the Pharaoh's taunt that he did not know Yahweh: "The Egyptians shall know that I am the LORD".: 117  These Plagues are recited by Jews during the Passover Seder.

The consensus of modern scholars is that the Pentateuch does not give an accurate account of the origins of the Israelites.: 81 : 6–7  Similarly, attempts to find natural explanations for the plagues (e.g., a volcanic eruption to explain the "darkness" plague) have been dismissed by biblical scholars on the grounds that their pattern, timing, rapid succession, and above all, control by Moses mark them as supernatural.: 90 : 117–118
Badura Afganli
Badura Afganli (Azerbaijani: Bədurə Məlik qızı Əfqanlı; maiden name Agamalova) (25 October 1912 – 7 May 2002) was a Soviet and Azerbaijani set designer and costume designer. She was one of the first Azerbaijani female theater designers. She was awarded the titles of People's Artiste of the Azerbaijan SSR (1974), and Honored Art Worker of the Azerbaijan SSR (1949).

People's Artiste of the Azerbaijan SSR
The People's Artiste of the Azerbaijan SSR (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan SSR xalq artisti, lit. 'People's Artiste of the Azerbaijan SSR') was an honorary title awarded from 1931 to 1991 (and active from 1928 to 1991), it was granted to artistes of the Azerbaijan SSR for their contributions to the development of Azerbaijani culture in the fields of theater, cinema, music. This award was succeeded by the People's Artiste of Azerbaijan.
Is This Love (Bob Marley and the Wailers song)
"Is This Love" is a song by Bob Marley and the Wailers, released on their 1978 album Kaya. The song became one of Marley's best-known songs and was part of the Legend compilation. It peaked at number 9 in the UK charts upon its release in 1978. A live rendition of the song can be found on the Babylon by Bus live album from Paris in 1978.

Legend (Bob Marley and the Wailers album)
Legend is a compilation album by Bob Marley and the Wailers. It was released on 7 May 1984 by Island Records. It is a greatest hits collection of singles in its original vinyl format and is the best-selling reggae album of all time, with more than 18 million copies sold in the US, more than 3.3 million in the UK (where it is the 17th-best-selling album) and an estimated 25 million copies sold globally. In 2003, the album was ranked number 46 in Rolling Stone magazine's list of the "500 Greatest Albums of All Time" and maintained the ranking in a 2012 revised list.

As of February 2026, Legend has spent a total of 927 nonconsecutive weeks on the US Billboard 200 albums chart—the second-longest run in the chart's history. Also, as of February 2026, it has spent 1,226 weeks in the top 100 of the UK Albums Chart—the third-longest run in that chart's history.
Sandykgaçy
36°32′46″N 62°33′27″E﻿ / ﻿36.54611°N 62.55750°E﻿ / 36.54611; 62.55750

Sandykgaçy, briefly known as Miweli, is a village in Tagtabazar District, Mary Province, Turkmenistan. It is located on the Murgap River, circa 70 km northwest of Tagtabazar. In 2022, it had a population of 4,488 people.

Marghab River
The Marghab River (Dari/Pashto: مرغاب, Murghāb, Balochi: مرگاپ), anciently the Margiana (Ancient Greek: Μαργιανή, Margianḗ), is an 850-kilometre (530 mi) long river in Central Asia. It rises in the Paropamisus Mountains (Selseleh-ye Safīd Kūh) in Ghor Province, flows through the Marghab District in central Afghanistan, then runs northwest towards the Bala Murghab. Reaching the oasis of Mary in the Karakum Desert of Turkmenistan, the Marghab debouches into the Karakum Canal, a diversion of water from the Amu Darya. The catchment area of the Marghab is estimated at 46,880 square kilometres (18,100 sq mi).
2023 Monterrey Open – Singles
Donna Vekić defeated Caroline Garcia in the final, 6–4, 3–6, 7–5 to win the women's singles tennis title at the 2023 Monterrey Open. It was her fourth career WTA title.

Leylah Fernandez was the two-time defending champion, but chose not to participate this year.

Lesia Tsurenko
Lesia Viktorivna Tsurenko (Ukrainian: Леся Вікторівна Цуренко; born 30 May 1989) is a Ukrainian inactive professional tennis player. Tsurenko has won four singles titles on the WTA Tour, as well as ten singles and eight doubles tournaments on the ITF Women's Circuit. On 18 February 2019, she reached her best singles ranking of world No. 23. On 28 May 2018, she peaked at No. 115 in the WTA doubles rankings.
Systems philosophy
Systems philosophy is a discipline aimed at constructing a new philosophy (in the sense of worldview) by using systems concepts. The discipline was first described by Ervin Laszlo in his 1972 book Introduction to Systems Philosophy: Toward a New Paradigm of Contemporary Thought. It has been described as the "reorientation of thought and world view ensuing from the introduction of "systems" as a new scientific paradigm".

Diederik Aerts
Diederik Aerts (born April 17, 1953) is a Belgian theoretical physicist, professor at Brussels Free University (Vrije Universiteit Brussel - VUB) and founding director of the Center Leo Apostel for Interdisciplinary Studies (CLEA). He is best known for his work in quantum foundations and quantum cognition.
I*
i* (pronounced "i star") or i* framework is a modeling language suitable for an early phase of system modeling in order to understand the problem domain. i* modeling language allows to model both as-is and to-be situations. The name i* refers to the notion of distributed intentionality which underlines the framework. It is an approach originally developed for modelling and reasoning about organizational environments and their information systems composed of heterogeneous actors with different, often competing, goals that depend on each other to undertake their tasks and achieve these goals. It covers both actor-oriented and goal modeling. i* models answer the question WHO and WHY, not what.

In contrast, the UML use case approach covers only functional goals, with actors directly involved in operations (typically with software). The KAOS approach covers goals of all types but is less concerned with the intentionality of actors.

Systems modeling
Systems modeling or system modeling is the interdisciplinary study of the use of models to conceptualize and construct systems in business and IT development.

A common type of systems modeling is function modeling, with specific techniques such as the Functional Flow Block Diagram and IDEF0. These models can be extended using functional decomposition, and can be linked to requirements models for further systems partition.

Contrasting the functional modeling, another type of systems modeling is architectural modeling which uses the systems architecture to conceptually model the structure, behavior, and more views of a system.

The Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN), a graphical representation for specifying business processes in a workflow, can also be considered to be a systems modeling language.