hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
De Soules
De Soules (de Soulis) is the surname of an old Norman noble family originating from Soulles, also known as the House of de Soules.

The family was also linked to the Scottish Crown through the marriage of William I de Soules and Ermengarde, daughter of Alan Durward by Marjorie, illegitimate daughter of Alexander II of Scotland. Their son, Nicholas II de Soules, was one of the competitors for the Crown of Scotland, upon the death of  Margaret, Maid of Norway in 1290.

Nicholas II de Soules
Nicholas de Soules (d. c.1296), Lord of Liddesdale and Butler of Scotland, was a 13th-century Scottish Border noble.

Nicholas was the son of William de Soules and Ermengarde, daughter of Alan Durward and Marjorie of Scotland, and elder brother of John de Soules, Guardian of Scotland. He succeeded to his father's estates and titles upon the death of his father.

Upon the death of the Margaret, Maid of Norway in 1290, Nicholas became one of the competitors for the Crown of Scotland, deriving his claim from his grandmother Marjorie, an illegitimate daughter of King Alexander II of Scotland.

He performed homage on 27 July 1296 to King Edward I of England at Elgin and on 28 August at Berwick-upon-Tweed.
Keetch
Keetch is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bobby Keetch (1941–1996), British footballer

Paul Keetch (1961–2017), British politician and lobbyist

Von G. Keetch (1960–2018), American lawyer and Mormon general authority

Bobby Keetch
Bobby D. Keetch (25 October 1941 – 29 June 1996) was a footballer who played as a defender for West Ham United, Fulham and QPR.

Keetch was a centre-half. After a brief career at West Ham United, he joined Fulham in 1959 and played for the club between 1961 and 1966, making 106 first team appearances, scoring two goals.
He signed for QPR in 1966 from Fulham. Keetch played 52 league games for QPR before joining Durban City in 1969. After three seasons in Durban, he retired in 1971. Keetch was quite a man-about-town and an entrepreneur in business.

He died, aged 54, on 29 June 1996, after suffering a stroke. Fulham FC were desperately short of money in 1996 and in the lowest league. Jimmy Hill has said that the club had so little money that they could not afford a wreath at Keetch's funeral, but somehow they managed it.
George C. Butte
George Charles Butte (May 9, 1877 – January 18, 1940) was an American attorney, U.S. Army officer, educator, jurist, and Republican politician who served as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines. He was also a candidate in the 1924 Texas gubernatorial election, running against Ma Ferguson. He also served as attorney general (1925-1928) and acting governor of Puerto Rico (1927-1928). He was an alumnus of Austin College, and studied at the University of Texas, the University of Berlin, Heidelberg University and the Ecole de Droit.

Austin College
Austin College is a private liberal arts college affiliated with the Presbyterian Church (USA) and located in Sherman, Texas. Chartered in November 1849, Austin College remains the oldest institution of higher education in Texas to be operating under its original charter and name as recognized by the State Historical Survey Committee. About 1,300 students are enrolled at the college.
High Voltage (horse)
High Voltage (foaled 1952 in Kentucky) was a Thoroughbred racehorse who was the American Champion Two-Year-Old Filly of 1954.

Bred and raced by Gladys Mills Phipps' Wheatley Stable, High Voltage was conditioned for racing by U.S. Racing Hall of Fame trainer Sunny Jim Fitzsimmons. En route to her two-year-old Championship, High Voltage won five stakes races, including the Matron Stakes, in which she defeated Lalun.

At age three, High Voltage won five more stakes races, notably taking the 1955 Acorn Stakes and again defeating Lalun in winning the Coaching Club American Oaks.  In spite of her strong performances in 1955, High Voltage finished behind stablemate Misty Morn in the balloting for American Champion Three-Year-Old Filly honors.

Acorn Stakes
The Acorn Stakes is an American Grade I race at Belmont Park in Elmont, New York for three-year-old Thoroughbred fillies. It is raced on dirt over a distance of one mile and a sixteenth with a current purse of $500,000. It is the first leg of the US Triple Tiara and is followed by the Coaching Club American Oaks then the Alabama Stakes. The filly must win all three races to win the Triple Tiara, as well as the third leg of the "National" Triple Tiara (Kentucky Oaks and George E. Mitchell Stakes are the others).

The Acorn Stakes was run at Aqueduct Racetrack from 1960 to 1967 and 1969 to 1975. There were two divisions in 1951, 1970 and 1974. There was a dead heat for first place in 1954 and again in 1956. The race was run at one mile from its inception until 2022. In 2023, the New York Racing Association lengthened the race to 1+1⁄16 miles. The 2024 Acorn was held at Saratoga Race Course at 1+1⁄8 miles due to construction at Belmont Park.
May West
A May West is a round dessert cake with creme filling. It was created in Canada, and continues to be particularly popular in the province of Quebec. It is currently made by Vachon Inc., a division of Canada Bread. It was originally called a "Mae West", after the eponymous movie star, but the spelling was changed in the 1980s.

The cake was invented by René Brousseau,  pâtissier at Vaillancourt Inc., a Quebec City bakery. As of 1932, May West cakes were made by Stuart Ltd, run by the wealthy Montreal-based Allard family; they were bought out in 1979 by their longtime competitor, Vachon Inc. Vachon continued to market them under the Stuart brand, before retiring the Stuart brand and rebranding the line to reflect a consolidated Vachon lineup.

The original crème filling was custard, but was replaced by a shortening-based vanilla creme close in taste and texture to the filling found in Twinkies.

Shortening
Shortening is any fat that is a solid at room temperature and is used to make crumbly pastry and other food products.

The idea of shortening dates back to at least the 18th century, well before the invention of modern, shelf-stable vegetable shortening. In earlier centuries, lard was the primary ingredient used to shorten dough. The reason it is called shortening is that it makes the resulting food crumbly, or to behave as if it had short fibers. Solid fat prevents cross-linking between gluten molecules. This cross-linking would give dough elasticity, so it could be stretched into longer pieces.  In pastries such as cake, which should not be elastic, shortening is used to produce the desired texture.
Korenizatsiya Policy in the Soviet Republics of the South Caucasus in the 1920s–1930s
Korenizatsiya (Russian: Коренизация; indigenization, or "nativization") was a Soviet nationality policy of the 1920s and early 1930s aimed at promoting local (titular) nationalities in the party and state apparatus, education, culture, and the press. It was intended to strengthen the loyalty of non-Russian peoples to Soviet power, overcome the legacy of Russian domination in the Tsarist empire, and create national elites loyal to Bolshevism.

Indigenization
Indigenization is the act of making something more indigenous; transformation of some service, idea, etc. to suit a local culture, especially through the use of more indigenous people in public administration, employment and other fields.

The term is primarily used by anthropologists to describe what happens when locals take something from the outside and make it their own (such as: Africanization or Americanization).
Irish Dominican College, Louvain
The Irish Dominican College, Louvain (French: Collège des Dominicains Irlandais, Louvain) or  The Irish Dominican College of Holy Cross (French: Collège de la Sainte Croix , Louvain), was a college in Louvain, in the Spanish Netherlands (present day Belgium) set up during the Penal Laws to train Irish Dominican priests, to minister in Ireland.

Penal law (British)
In English history, the penal laws were a series of laws that sought to enforce the State-decreed religious monopoly of the Church of England and, following the 1688 revolution, of Presbyterianism in Scotland, against the continued existence of illegal and underground communities of Catholics, nonjuring Anglicans, and Protestant nonconformists. The Penal laws also imposed various forfeitures, civil penalties, and civil disabilities upon recusants from mandatory attendance at weekly Sunday services of the Established Church. The penal laws in general were repealed in the early 19th-century due to the successful activism of Daniel O'Connell for Catholic Emancipation. Penal actions are civil in nature and were not English common law.
Migliacciu
Migliacciu (Corsican: pl. migliacci) is a specialty of Corsican cuisine. It is a savory preparation based on goat or sheep milk products. The migliacci can be cooked over a wood fire or in the oven and eaten warm or cold. Their preparation requires a dough made of wheat flour, salt, whey, yeast and cheese cut into small dices.  The dough should rise for a few hours. Afterwards, it is divided into round galettes one cm thick and fifteen cm in diameter, on which is spread a mixture of egg and milk. After resting, migliacci are cooked for fifteen minutes on chestnut leaves.

Whey
Whey, also known as milk serum, is the liquid remaining after milk has been curdled and strained. It is a byproduct of the manufacturing of cheese or casein and has several commercial uses. Sweet whey is a byproduct of the making of rennet types of hard cheese, like cheddar or Swiss cheese. Acid whey (also known as sour whey) is a byproduct of the making of acidic dairy products such as strained yogurt.

Whey proteins consist of β-lactoglobulin (48%–58%), α-lactalbumin (13%–19%), Glycomacropeptide (12%–20%), bovine serum albumin, heavy and light chain immunoglobulins and several minor whey proteins.
Tyrone Young (American football coach)
Tyrone Young Jr. (born c. 1989) is an American college football coach. He is the head football coach for Kentucky Wesleyan College, a position he has held since 2022. He also coached for East Charter High School, Kentucky Christian, King's, Lock Haven, and Anderson (IN). He played college football for Kentucky Christian as a linebacker, offensive lineman, and defensive lineman.

Kentucky Christian Knights football
The KCU Knights football program represents Kentucky Christian University in college football. They are football-only members of Mid-South Conference of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA). The Knights have played their home games at KCU Field since the inception of their football team in 2008.
Geek Pride Festival
The Geek Pride Festival was the name of a number of events between 1998 and 2000, organized by Tim McEachern and devoted to computer geek activities and interests. The name of the festival is most often associated with the large event held on March 31 and April 1, 2000, at the Park Plaza Castle in Boston, United States.

Before that, there were two events at the now-closed Big House Brewery in Albany, New York. WAMC, the local NPR affiliate, sponsored the events which were organized by Tim McEachern.

Armory of the First Corps of Cadets
The Armory of the First Corps of Cadets is a historic armory at 97–105 Arlington Street and 130 Columbus Avenue in Boston, Massachusetts. Over the years it has been known as Park Plaza Castle, Castle at Park Plaza, and The Tower.
Jay Maynard
Jay Maynard (born July 27, 1960) is an American computer programmer, system administrator and the volunteer project maintainer for Hercules, a free emulator of IBM mainframe hardware. He is known for his self-made electroluminescent costume based on the film Tron, which resulted in his nickname Tron Guy.

Electroluminescence
Electroluminescence (EL) is an optical and electrical phenomenon, in which a material emits light in response to the passage of an electric current or to a strong electric field. This is distinct from black body light emission resulting from heat (incandescence), illumination by light (photoluminescence), chemical reactions (chemiluminescence), reactions in a liquid (electrochemiluminescence), sound (sonoluminescence), or other mechanical action (mechanoluminescence), or
organic electroluminescence.
Party for the Commonwealth of Canada (Quebec) candidates in the 1989 Quebec provincial election
The Party for the Commonwealth of Canada ran eleven candidates in the 1989 Quebec provincial election, none of whom were elected. Information about these candidates may be found on this page. The Commonwealth Party was the Canadian branch of Lyndon LaRouche's movement.

Party for the Commonwealth of Canada (Quebec)
The Parti pour la république du Canada (Québec) (in English: Party for the Commonwealth of Canada (Quebec)) was the Quebec branch of the Party for the Commonwealth of Canada, a Canadian political party formed by supporters of U.S. politician Lyndon LaRouche. Founded in 1983, it contested seats in the 1985, 1989 and 1994 Quebec general elections under various names: Parti républicain du Québec (Republican Party of Quebec; not to be mistaken with the Parti républicain du Québec, a sovereigntist party founded by Marcel Chaput in 1962), Parti pour le Commonwealth du Canada (Québec) and Parti pour la république du Canada (Québec). It also contested by-elections prior to the 1985 general election.

The PRC(Q) was disbanded after the 1994 general election. It now operates as the Committee for the Republic of Canada.
Armenian Mesopotamia
Armenian Mesopotamia (Armenian: Հայոց Միջագետք) was a region in Northern Mesopotamia that was inhabited partly by Armenians. In antiquity, this region bordered the Armenian provinces of Tsopk and Aghdznik to the North, as well as Assyrian Mesopotamia and Commagene to  its south. Northern Mesopotamia came under Armenian rule during the reign of Tigranes the Great (95 BC - 55 BC). However, Tigranes’ empire in Mesopotamia came to an end in 66 BC when he submitted to the Roman statesman and general Pompeius. By 37 BC, only eight of its provinces remained part of the Kingdom of Armenia. The remaining part of the territory was split up between Rome and Persia. For most of its history, Armenian Mesopotamia was primarily composed of the major cities of Diyarbakir (Amid), Tigranocerta, Dara, Tur Abdin (Cephas), Dadima, Arsamosata, and Citharizum. Its Armenian population remained until the Armenian genocide of WWI.

Dadima
Dadima was a town of Mesopotamia, inhabited during Byzantine times. It became the seat of a Christian bishop; no longer a residential see, it remains a titular see of the Roman Catholic Church.

Its site is located near Tadım in Anatolia.
Peris Chepchumba
Peris Chepchumba Simam (born 1968, Kapkoi near Eldoret) is a Kenyan politician. She belongs to the Orange Democratic Movement and was elected to represent the Eldoret South Constituency in the National Assembly of Kenya in the 2007 Kenyan parliamentary election.

National Assembly (Kenya)
The National Assembly of the Republic of Kenya (formerly House of Representatives) is one of the two Houses of the Parliament of Kenya. Between 1966 and 2013, it served as a unicameral house. In 2013 (11th Parliament), it became the lower house when the Senate was reestablished.

It has a total of 349 seats: 290 elected from the constituencies, 47 women elected from the counties and 12 nominated representatives. The Speaker of the National Assembly of Kenya serves as an ex officio member.

The High Court of Kenya ordered lawmakers to introduce gender quotas, or face dissolution in the mid-2010s, following the implementation of the 2010 Constitution.
Rocky and Bullwinkle (video game)
Rocky and Bullwinkle is a party video game compilation developed by Zen Studios for the Xbox Live Arcade service, based on characters and scenes from The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle and Friends. It was released in 2008, marking the first game based on the property since Rocky & Bullwinkle's Know-It-All Quiz Game in 1998.

Upon its release, Rocky and Bullwinkle was critically panned, with many critics citing its poor visuals and gameplay, unresponsive controls and lackluster presentation as well as its poor resemblance to the WarioWare games' "microgame"-focused gameplay.

Video game compilation
A video game compilation is a type of product bundling in which different video games are available for purchase as a special collection. They are often stored on the same physical media or digital package, making use of menu interfaces that allow players to select the game they want to play. They are a form of video game preservation.
Gross Aubrig
The Gross Aubrig (lit. 'Large Aubrig') is a mountain of the Schwyzer Alps, overlooking the lake of Wägital in the canton of Schwyz, Switzerland. Its summit lies at 1,695 m (5,561 ft) above sea level. Its child peak, the Chli Aubrig (1,642 m [5,387 ft]), is located to the west of it. The mountain lies north of the Fluebrig, on the range between the valley of the Sihl and the Wägital.

Schwyz Alps
The Schwyz Alps (German: Schwyzer Alpen) are a mountain range in Switzerland. They form part of the North-Eastern Swiss Alps and are bordered by the Glarus Alps to the east, the Appenzell Alps to the north-east, the Emmental Alps in the west, and the Uri Alps to the south-west. The Klausen Pass is the highest point between the Schwyz Alps and the Glarus Alps.

The Schwyzer Alps extend beyond the boundaries of the canton of Schwyz, including parts of the cantons of Glarus, Luzern, Uri and Zug. The highest point in the Schwyzer Alps is the Glärnisch, at an elevation of 2,915 metres (9,564 ft), which actually lies within the canton of Glarus. Just south of the Glärnisch is the Bös Fulen, the highest point in the canton of Schwyz.
British war crimes
British war crimes are acts committed by the armed forces of the United Kingdom that have violated the laws and customs of war since the Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907, from the Boer War to the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021). Such acts have included the summary executions of prisoners of war and unarmed shipwreck survivors, the use of excessive force during the interrogation of POWs and enemy combatants, and the use of violence against civilian non-combatants and their property.‌

Summary execution
In civil and military jurisprudence, summary execution is the putting to death of a person accused of a crime without the benefit of a free and fair trial. The term results from the legal concept of summary justice to punish a summary offense, as in the case of a drumhead court-martial, but the term usually denotes the summary execution of a sentence of death. Under international law, it is defined as a combatant's refusal to accept an opponent's lawful surrender and the combatant's provision of no quarter, by killing the surrendering opponents.

Summary executions have been practiced by governments and paramilitary organizations during both peacetime and war, and are usually associated with war crimes and political persecution.
Committee of Fifteen
The Committee of Fifteen was a New York City citizens' group formed in November 1900 to combat prostitution and gambling. Established by influential members of New York's upper class, the Committee aimed to expose and reduce vice within the city, focusing particularly on areas where police corruption and political protection facilitated illegal activities. Through a combination of undercover investigations and public advocacy, the Committee gathered extensive evidence on urban vice, eventually presenting its findings to Governor Benjamin Barker Odell, Jr. in 1901. While the Committee disbanded later that year, its findings influenced the creation of the Committee of Fourteen, which took up the cause. The Committee of Fifteen's report, The Social Evil With Special Reference to Conditions Existing in the City of New York, published in 1902, became a cornerstone document for early 20th-century urban reform.

William Henry Baldwin Jr.
William Henry Baldwin Jr. (February 5, 1863 – January 3, 1905) was an American railroad executive and philanthropist. He was president of the Long Island Rail Road. and was instrumental in establishing African-American industrial education by securing donations from Northern industrial magnates. In 1894, he became a trustee of Tuskegee University and worked with Booker T. Washington.
The Fixer (comics)
The Fixer: A Story from Sarajevo is a nonfiction graphic novel on the Bosnian War, written and drawn by Joe Sacco. It tells the story of a Sarajevan man who, having lost everything else in the war, sells his services — and stories — to Western journalists. The Fixer was published in 2003.

Fixer (person)
A fixer is someone who is assigned or contracted to solve problems for others. The term has different meanings in different contexts. In British usage (and in other Commonwealth countries) the term is neutral, referring to a person, such as a special adviser, "who ... gets things done". Use in American English implies that the methods used are of questionable morality and legality.

In organized crime, cleaners remove incriminating physical evidence, including the disposal of bodies or witnesses. In sports, the term "fixer" describes someone who makes arrangements to manipulate or pre-arrange the outcome of a sporting contest. In journalism, a fixer is a local person who expedites the work of a foreign correspondent.
Stanley Ernest Morris
Stanley Ernest 'Stan' Morris, GLM, ID, CMG was a Rhodesian civil servant and politician. He was Secretary for Internal Affairs until 1964, when he was replaced by Hostes Nicolle and appointed chairman of the Public Service Board, in a move perceived by some as intended to make way for supporters of the Rhodesian Front in the civil service in preparation for Rhodesia's unilateral declaration of independence.

Morris later took part in the negotiations on HMS Tiger in 1966 between the British and Rhodesian governments, then was appointed to the Senate of Rhodesia.

HMS Tiger (C20)
HMS Tiger was a conventional cruiser of the British Royal Navy, one of a three-ship class known as the Tiger class. Ordered during the Second World War, she was completed after its end.

Tiger was in service by 1960 and served in the Far East and then with the Home Fleet before going into reserve at the end of 1966.

From 1968 Tiger was converted to a "helicopter and command cruiser" and equipped with guided missile anti-aircraft defence before returning to service in the early 1970s. She remained in service until 1978 when she was put into reserve and marked for disposal. There were moves to return her to service during the Falklands War for her flight deck capacity, but this did not proceed. Tiger was finally sold for scrap in 1986.
The Snow Bogatyr
The Snow Bogatyr (Снежный богатырь in Cyrillic; Snežnyj bogatyr' in transliteration) is an opera-fairytale for children in one act, two tableaux, by César Cui, composed in 1905. The libretto was written by a school teacher named Marina Stanislavovna Polʹ, using Russian folk tales.

The title can be translated also as The Snow Hero or The Snow Knight, but these renderings do not quite convey the notion of a Bogatyr.

As with the composer's other children's operas, this work was meant for children to perform in, as well as to watch.

César Cui
César Antonovich Cui (Russian: Цезарь Антонович Кюи, romanized: Tsezar Antonovich Kyui; IPA: [ˈt͡sjezərʲ ɐnˈtonəvʲɪt͡ɕ kʲʊˈi] ⓘ; French: Cesarius Benjaminus Cui; 18 January [O.S. 6 January] 1835 – 26 March 1918) was a Russian composer and music critic, member of the Belyayev circle and The Five – a group of composers gathered by the idea of creating a specifically Russian type of music. As an officer of the Imperial Russian Army, he rose to the rank of Engineer-General (equivalent to full General), taught fortifications in Russian military academies and wrote a number of monographs on the subject.