hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2022 Central Somalia offensive
Starting in August 2022, the Somali government and allies launched an offensive against al-Shabaab in the Hiran region of Hirshabelle state, successfully recapturing many areas that had been under al-Shabaab control for decades. The offensive was one of the first acts of Hassan Sheikh Mohamud's presidency, and coincided with a rebellion against al-Shabaab by Ma'awisley clan militias in June 2022. The offensive eventually expanded to Middle Shabelle and Galguduud regions, marking the most successful Somali government offensive in years.

After the government's success in Hirshabelle, it attempted to capitalize on these gains with a second offensive in southern Somalia's South West State and Jubaland in 2023. This offensive, dubbed Operation Black Lion, did not wield as many successes as the Hirshabelle offensive and reversed some Somali government gains made in the first offensive.

Danab Brigade
The Danab Brigade (Somali: Ciidamada Danab, "Lightning Force"), also known as the Somali Danab, is the only special forces of the Somali National Army that is made up of members from multiple clans throughout Somalia.

The Danab Special Forces that specialized in air assault and airborne operations, clandestine operations, combat search and rescue, commando style raids which have been successful in recapturing territory previously held by the Al-Qaeda affiliate group and Al-Shabaab, counterinsurgency in desert and urban terrains, counterterrorism, executive protection, frontline military intelligence gathering, hostage rescue, irregular warfare, long-range penetration, providing security in areas at risk of attack or terrorism, and special reconnaissance.

Even though they are special forces, they never call themselves special forces. They call themselves 'Commandos'.
All Africa Conference of Churches
All Africa Conference of Churches (AACC, Conférence des Églises de toute l'Afrique or CETA) is an ecumenical fellowship that represents more than 200 million African Christians in 210 national churches and regional Christian councils in 43 African Countries. AACC's head office is in Nairobi, Kenya, and there is a regional office in Lomé, Togo. AACC also has an office in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia which serves as its Liaison Office to the African Union. Its current General Secretary is the Rev. Dr. Fidon Mwombeki, Minister of the Lutheran Church in Tanzania. The Desmond Tutu Conference Centre in Nairobi is an affiliate of the AACC.

Lomé
Lomé (UK: /ˈloʊmeɪ/ LOH-may, US: /loʊˈmeɪ/ loh-MAY) is the capital and largest city of Togo. It has an urban population of 837,437 while there were 2,188,376 permanent residents in its metropolitan area as of the 2022 census. Located on the Gulf of Guinea at the southwest corner of the country, with its entire western border along the easternmost edge of Ghana's Volta Region, Lomé is the country's administrative and industrial center, which includes an oil refinery. It is also the country's chief port, from where it exports coffee, cocoa, copra, and oil palm kernels.

Its city limits extends to the border with Ghana, located a few hundred meters west of the city center, to the Ghanaian city of Aflao and the South Ketu district where the city is situated, had 160,756 inhabitants in 2010. The cross-border agglomeration of which Lomé is the centre has about 2 million inhabitants as of 2020.
Peoples State Forest
Peoples State Forest is a Connecticut state forest occupying 3,059 acres (1,238 ha) along the West Branch Farmington River opposite American Legion State Forest in the town of Barkhamsted. It is managed for forest products, wildlife habitat, and recreational uses that include hiking, hunting, fishing, and snowmobiling.

Farmington River
The Farmington River is a 46.7 mi (75.2 km) river located in northwest Connecticut, with major tributaries extending into southwest Massachusetts.> The Farmington River's watershed covers 609 square miles (1,580 km2). Historically, the river played an important role in small-scale manufacturing in towns along its course, but it is now mainly used for recreation and drinking water.
Shankarananda (Ramakrishna monk)
Swami Shankarananda, (born Amritalal Sengupta; 9 March 1880 – 13 January 1962) was the seventh President of the Ramakrishna Math and Ramakrishna Mission. Join the Ramakrishna Math in 1902. As a student, he attended Swami Vivekananda's lectures and was drawn to the monastic life by Swami Sadananda, his maternal uncle and a disciple of Swami Vivekananda. Amulya was initiated by Swami Brahmananda in 1906. As a beloved disciple and also as a personal attendant of Swami Brahmananda for several years, he had the rare privilege of living with the Swami and of visiting many Math and Mission centres and various places of pilgrimage all over India.

Monasticism
Monasticism (from Ancient Greek  μοναχός (monakhós) 'solitary, monastic'; from  μόνος (mónos) 'alone'), also called monachism or monkhood, is a religious way of life in which one renounces worldly pursuits to devote oneself fully to spiritual activities. Monastic life plays an important role in many Christian churches, especially in the Catholic, Orthodox and Anglican traditions as well as in other faiths such as Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism. In other religions, monasticism is generally criticized and not practiced, as in Islam and Zoroastrianism; or plays a marginal role, as in modern Judaism.

Many monastics live in abbeys, convents, monasteries, or priories to separate themselves from the secular world, unless they are in mendicant or missionary orders.
Carolina First Center
Carolina First Center was the name given to the five-story office building located at 40 Calhoun Street in Charleston, South Carolina while it housed Carolina First Bank's south coast main offices. It was previously named Charleston Gateway Center and reverted to that name sometime after Carolina First was purchased by TD Bank, N.A. on October 1, 2010.

It was also a name given to the former Palmetto Expo Center, a convention center in Greenville, South Carolina. After the purchase of Carolina First, it was renamed Greenville Convention Center.

Carolina First Center was also the original name to be given to a new athletic center at the College of Charleston for which the bank has naming rights.  To avoid confusion with the other two buildings of the same name, the facility was renamed Carolina First Arena.  It opened in November 2008. After the purchase of Carolina First, it was renamed TD Arena.

College of Charleston
The College of Charleston (CofC or Charleston) is a public university in Charleston, South Carolina, United States. Founded in 1770 and chartered in 1785, it is the oldest university in South Carolina, the 13th-oldest institution of higher learning in the United States, and the country's oldest municipal college.

The founders of the College of Charleston included six Founding Fathers of the United States, including three who signed the Declaration of Independence: Thomas Heyward Jr., Arthur Middleton, and Edward Rutledge; and three who signed the Constitution of the United States: Charles Pinckney, Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, and John Rutledge.
Argyresthia illuminatella
Argyresthia illuminatella is a moth of the  family Yponomeutidae. It is found in most Europe, except Ireland, Great Britain, Portugal, Fennoscandia, Hungary, Slovenia and Greece.

The wingspan is 9.5-10.5 mm. Adults are on wing from the end of April to June. There is one generation per year.

The larvae feed on Abies alba.

Abies alba
Abies alba, the European silver fir or silver fir, is a fir native to the mountains of Europe, from the Pyrenees north to Normandy, east to the Alps and the Carpathians, Slovakia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Serbia, and south to Italy, Bulgaria, Kosovo, Albania and northern Greece.
Zha Siting
Zha Siting (Chinese: 查嗣庭, 1664–1727), courtesy name Runmu (Chinese: 潤木), art name Hengpu (Chinese: 橫浦), was a Qing dynasty official who was a victim of the Literary Inquisition. He was from Haining, Zhejiang.

Haining
Hainingⓘ is a county-level city in Zhejiang Province, China, and under the jurisdiction of Jiaxing. It is in the south side of Yangtze River Delta, and in the north of Zhejiang. It is 125 km (78 mi) to the southwest of central Shanghai, and 61.5 km (38.2 mi) east of Hangzhou, the provincial capital. To its south lies the Qiantang River. The city has a land area of 700.5 km2 (270.5 sq mi) and as of the 2020 census, had a population of 1,076,199 inhabitants. Haining is known for its leather industry and spectacular tide in the Qiantang River. Since June 2021, it's linked to Hangzhou by the new suburban Hangzhou - Haining subway Line.
Singen
Singen (German pronunciation: [ˈzɪŋən] ⓘ; Low Alemannic: Singe) is an industrial city in the very south of Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany and just north of the German-Swiss border. It lies in the Hegau region near Lake Constance.

Germany–Switzerland border
The border between the modern states of Germany and Switzerland extends to 362 kilometres (225 mi), mostly following Lake Constance and the High Rhine (Hochrhein), with territories to the north mostly belonging to Germany and territories to the south mainly to Switzerland. Exceptions are the Swiss canton of Schaffhausen, the Rafzerfeld and hamlet of Nohl of the canton of Zürich, Bettingen and Riehen municipalities and part of the city of Basel in the canton of Basel-City (these regions of Switzerland all lie north of the High Rhine) and the old town of the German city of Konstanz, which is located south of the Seerhein. The canton of Schaffhausen is located almost entirely on the northern side of the High Rhine, with the exception of the southern part of the municipality of Stein am Rhein. The German municipality of Büsingen am Hochrhein is an enclave surrounded by Swiss territory.
Kreis Obornik
Kreis Obornik (Polish: Powiat obornicki) was a district in Regierungsbezirk Posen in the Prussian province of Posen until 1919. Its territory presently lies in the north-western part of Polish region of Greater Poland Voivodeship.

Province of Posen
The Province of Posen (German: Provinz Posen; Polish: Prowincja Poznańska) was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1848 to 1920, occupying most of the historical Greater Poland. The province was established following the Poznań Uprising of 1848 as a successor to the Grand Duchy of Posen, which in turn was annexed by Prussia in 1815 from Duchy of Warsaw. It became part of the German Empire in 1871. After World War I, Posen was briefly part of the Free State of Prussia within Weimar Germany, but was dissolved in 1920 after the Greater Poland Uprising broke out and most of its territory was incorporated into the Second Polish Republic. The remaining German territory was re-organized into Posen-West Prussia in 1922.

Posen (present-day Poznań, Poland) was the provincial capital.
Robin Reda
Robin Reda (born 10 May 1991) is a French politician who has represented the 7th constituency of Essonne in the National Assembly since 2017. A member of The Republicans (LR), he previously served as Mayor of Juvisy-sur-Orge from 2014 to 2017.

Juvisy-sur-Orge
Juvisy-sur-Orge (French pronunciation: [ʒyvizi syʁ ɔʁʒ] ⓘ, literally Juvisy on Orge) is a commune in the Essonne department in Île-de-France. It is located 18 kilometres (11 mi) southeast of Paris and a few kilometres south of Orly Airport.

The city is known for Gare de Juvisy, the fourth largest and most-frequented railway station in the Grand Paris.
Making the Grade (album)
Making The Grade is Diffuser's second album. It featured the band moving away from the hard rock style on "Injury Loves Melody" to more of a pop punk style similar to Sum 41. The songs "I Wonder" and "Get It On" were used in the 2003 movie Freaky Friday. The song "Get It On" and "New High" also appeared on the soundtracks for the Outlaw Volleyball and NHL Hitz Pro video games, respectively.

It was produced by Mark Trombino, who has worked with bands such as blink-182, Jimmy Eat World, Sugarcult, and Finch.

Jimmy Eat World
Jimmy Eat World is an American rock band formed in Mesa, Arizona, in 1993. The band is composed of vocalist and lead guitarist Jim Adkins, rhythm guitarist and backing vocalist Tom Linton, bassist Rick Burch, and drummer Zach Lind. They have released ten studio albums, all but the first featuring the current line-up.

The four-piece's commercial breakthrough came with the release of several singles from their album Bleed American (2001), four of which charted within the top 20 positions of the Alternative Songs chart, with "The Middle" reaching No. 1. Their follow-up album, Futures (2004), featured their No. 1 song "Pain".

The RIAA certified Bleed American platinum and Futures gold, rewarding the two albums for selling over 1.5 million records between them. The band's sixth LP, Chase This Light (2007), became their highest-charting album and peaked at No. 5 on the Billboard 200. The band released their tenth album, Surviving, in October 2019.
1990 Taça de Portugal final
The 1990 Taça de Portugal final was the final match of the 1989–90 Taça de Portugal, the 50th season of the Taça de Portugal, the premier Portuguese football cup competition organized by the Portuguese Football Federation (FPF). The final was played at the Estádio Nacional in Oeiras, and opposed Primeira Liga side Estrela da Amadora and Second Division side Farense. As the inaugural final match finished 1–1, the final was replayed a week later at the same venue with Os Tricolor  defeating the Leões de Faro 2–0 to claim their first Taça de Portugal.

In Portugal, the final was televised live on RTP. As a result of Estrela da Amadora winning the Taça de Portugal, they qualified for the 1990 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira where they took on 1989–90 Primeira Divisão winners Porto.

Rádio e Televisão de Portugal
Rádio e Televisão de Portugal (RTP) is the public service broadcasting organisation of Portugal. It operates four national television channels and three national radio stations, as well as several satellite and cable offerings.

The current company dates from 2007, with the merger of two previously separate companies Radiodifusão Portuguesa (RDP; the radio broadcaster) and Radiotelevisão Portuguesa (television broadcaster), although they had been grouped under a single holding company and common branding since 2004.

RTP is funded by a broadcasting contribution tax which is incorporated in electricity bills, and by advertising revenues.
Uggiate-Trevano
Uggiate-Trevano (Italian pronunciation: [udˈdʒaːte ˈtreːvano]; Comasco: Uggiaa-Trevan [yˈdʒaː ˈtreːvã]) is a former comune (municipality) in the Province of Como in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) northwest of Milan and about 9 kilometres (6 mi) west of Como, on the border with Switzerland. On 1 January 2024, it merged with Ronago to form Uggiate con Ronago.

Uggiate-Trevano bordered the following municipalities: Albiolo, Bizzarone, Colverde, Faloppio, Novazzano (Switzerland), Ronago, Valmorea.

Comasco dialect
Comasco (endonym: comasch), anglicized as Comasque, is a dialect belonging to the Western branch of Lombard language, spoken in the city and suburbs of Como. Comasco is part of the Comasco-Lecchese dialect group.
Affairs of a Gentleman
Affairs of a Gentleman is a 1934 American Pre-Code drama film directed by Edwin L. Marin and written by Cyril Hume, Peter Ruric and Milton Krims, adapted from the play by Edith Ellis and Edward Ellis (actor). The film stars Paul Lukas, Leila Hyams, Patricia Ellis, Phillip Reed, Onslow Stevens and Dorothy Burgess. The film was released on May 1, 1934, by Universal Pictures.

Milton Krims
Milton Krims (1904 – July 11, 1988) was an American screenwriter, journalist, short-story writer, and novelist.

Early in his career, Krims was a journalist with magazines in addition to writing novels and short stories. He became involved with films when Paramount bought the rights to one of his novels in the early 1930s and he went to that studio to work as a screenwriter. Krims's first film scenario was for The Life of Stephen Foster. He went to work for Warner Bros. in the mid-1930s. While he was at Warner Bros., his contract allowed him to take leave to write for Collier's magazine, and in that way he reported on the Spanish Civil War, the conference at Munich, and the Battle of Britain.

Krims was a member of the Army Air Forces during World War II.

After writing and consulting on Perry Mason, Krims' first project as a TV producer was Hotel de Paree in 1959. He returned to working for magazines in the 1970s, when he was film editor for Holiday and The Saturday Evening Post.
Nora Holstad Berge
Nora Holstad Berge (born 26 March 1987) is a retired Norwegian footballer who played as a defender for NWSL club North Carolina Courage and the Norway national team. In the past, she has played for FK Larvik, Kolbotn, Linköpings FC, Arna-Bjørnar, and FC Bayern Munich.

Holstad Berge has seen playing time with the national team during a number of major tournaments, including the 2011 World Cup, 2013 European Championship, 2015 World Cup, and 2017 European Championship.

Linköping FC
Linköping Football Club (Swedish: [ˈlɪnːˌɕøːpɪŋ]) is an association football club from Linköping, Sweden. The club was established in 2003 when Kenty DFF women's football club decided to merge with the premier division ice hockey club Linköping HC under the new name Linköping FC. The club's goal was both to establish women's football as a sport in Linköping and eventually become one of the top four teams.
Value-added selling
Value added selling is one of several sales techniques that relies on building on the inherent value of a product or service.  By its nature the value add technique is a more flexible and customized selling approach that requires input from a defined range of average customers. This customer feedback helps sales and marketing professionals to outline value propositions that are likely to benefit the largest number of customers.

The value add may not be initially apparent in the sales overview and is often tied to upselling or vertical selling within a specific market segment. The utility of the product or service, ease of integration into the customers' business operations or time saving benefits are just a few areas that may be capitalized on when focusing on value add.

Customer
In sales, commerce, and economics, a customer (sometimes known as a client, buyer, or purchaser) is the recipient of a good, service, product, or an idea, obtained from a seller, vendor, or supplier via a financial transaction or an exchange for money or some other valuable consideration.
Tennie Rogers
Tennie Rogers (August 1, 1927 – January 22, 2009) was a perennial candidate for national office, having run in Republican primaries for United States President three times, and one time for United States Congress.  In 1992 she was on more state ballots than any previous female Republican candidate for president. She is the mother of Evelyn Rogers, another perennial candidate.

Perennial candidate
A perennial candidate is a term for a political candidate who frequently runs for elected office and rarely, if ever, wins. Perennial candidates are most common where there is no limit on the number of times that a person can run for office and little cost to register as a candidate.
Schnur
Schnur (German and Jewish (Ashkenazic): metonymic occupational name for a maker of cords and rope from Middle High German snuor German Schnur) is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Brayden Schnur (born 1995), Canadian tennis player

Diego Hidalgo Schnur, Spanish philanthropist, intellectual and businessman

Max Schnur (born 1993), American tennis player

Meghan Schnur (born 1985) American soccer player

Sandra Schnur (1935–1994), American disability rights leader

Steve Schnur, President of Music for Electronic Arts (EA)

Wolfgang Schnur (1944–2016), East German civil rights lawyer

See also

Marie Schnür (1869–1918), German painter, illustrator and silhouette maker

Brayden Schnur
Brayden Schnur (born July 4, 1995) is a Canadian former professional tennis player. He reached a career-high ATP singles ranking of No. 92 in August 2019. Schnur was a part of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill tennis team from January 2014 to May 2016. He turned professional in July 2016 at the Rogers Cup. Schnur was a member of the Canadian team that won the 2022 ATP Cup.
Else Frenkel-Brunswik
Else Frenkel-Brunswik (Austrian German: [ˈfrɛŋkəl ˈbrʊnsvɪk]; August 18, 1908 – March 31, 1958) was a Polish-born Austrian psychologist. She was forced to leave Poland and later Austria as a result of anti-Jewish persecution. She is best known for her contributions to The Authoritarian Personality (1950), her collaboration with Theodor W. Adorno, Daniel Levinson, and Nevitt Sanford. It is considered a milestone work  in personality theory and social psychology.

Persecution of Jews
The persecution of Jews is a major component of Jewish history, and has prompted shifting waves of refugees and the formation of diaspora communities around the world. The earliest major event was in 597 BCE, when the Neo-Babylonian Empire conquered the Kingdom of Judah and then persecuted and exiled its Jewish subjects. Antisemitism has been widespread across many regions of the world and practiced by many different empires, governments, and adherents of other religions.

Jews have been commonly used as scapegoats for tragedies and disasters such as in the Black Death persecutions, the 1066 Granada massacre, the Massacre of 1391 in Spain, the many pogroms in the Russian Empire, and the ideology of Nazism, which led to the Holocaust, the systematic murder of six million Jews during World War II.
Falling Up (Stray Kids song)
"Falling Up" is a song by South Korean boy band Stray Kids, taken from their second Japanese-language studio album Giant (2024). It was released as a single in three versions—Japanese, English, and Korean—along with "Night" by Epic Records Japan and JYP Entertainment on October 7, 2024. The song serves as an ending theme for the "Workshop Battle" arc of the second season of Kami no Tō: Tower of God.

Changbin
Seo Chang-bin (Korean: 서창빈; born August 11, 1999) known mononymously as Changbin, is a South Korean rapper, singer, songwriter, and record producer. He is a member of the South Korean boy group Stray Kids, formed by JYP Entertainment in 2017. He is also a member of 3Racha, an in-house production team and sub-unit of Stray Kids.

Besides his contributions to Stray Kids, Changbin participated as a contestant in Show Me the Money 9 and has collaborated with various artists, including Yoon Ji-sung, Thai rappers F.Hero and Milli. Changbin became a full member of the Korea Music Copyright Association in February 2023.
2004 Australian Formula 3 Championship
The 2004 Australian Formula 3 Championship was a CAMS sanctioned national motor racing championship open to Australian Formula 3 cars. The championship, which was the fourth Australian Formula 3 Championship, was organised and administered by Formula 3 Australia Inc.

Western Australian racer Karl Reindler took a narrow three point championship victory driving a Dallara F301 for South Australian-based motor racing team, Team BRM. Reindler took the win over Queensland driver Chris Gilmour.

Karl Reindler
Karl William Reindler (born 18 April 1985) is an Australian racing driver, who has previously competed in the Supercars Championship.  He currently shares duties with Bruno Correia as the Medical Car driver for Formula One.