hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Revolutionary Communist Alliance
The Revolutionary Communist Alliance (French: Alliance communiste révolutionnaire, ACR) or Communist Alliance (French: Alliance communiste, AC) was a French political party founded in 1896 and dissolved in 1901.

The ACR was the name adopted by activists who left the Revolutionary Socialist Workers' Party (POSR) in 1896. In 1897, the ACR joined the Central Revolutionary Committee led by Édouard Vaillant, which became the Socialist Revolutionary Party (PSR). The PSR was the second largest Marxist party in France behind the French Workers' Party (POF) led by Jules Guesde. The ACR apparently operated semi-autonomously within the PSR before the ACR and PSR merged into the Socialist Party of France in 1902.

Jules Guesde
Jules Bazile, known as Jules Guesde (French: [ʒyl ɡɛːd]; 11 November 1845 – 28 July 1922) was a French socialist journalist and politician. For a period he was editor of the socialist newspaper La Petite République.

Guesde was the inspiration for a famous quotation by Karl Marx. Shortly before Marx died in 1883, he wrote a letter to Guesde and Paul Lafargue, both of whom already claimed to represent "Marxist" principles. Marx accused them of "revolutionary phrase-mongering". This exchange is the source of Marx's remark, reported by Friedrich Engels: "ce qu'il y a de certain c'est que moi, je ne suis pas marxiste" ("what is certain is that [if they are Marxists], [then] I myself am not a Marxist").
Jandaul
Jandaul  is a village development committee in Saptari District in the Sagarmatha Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 2011 Nepal census it had a population of 4,360 people living in 870 individual households.

2011 Nepal census
Nepal conducted a widespread national census in 2011 by the Nepal Central Bureau of Statistics. Working in cooperation with the 58 municipalities and the 3,915 Village Development Committees at a district level, they recorded data from all the municipalities and villages of each district. The data included statistics on population size, households, sex and age distribution, place of birth, residence characteristics, literacy, marital status, religion, language spoken, caste/ethnic group, economically active population, education, number of children, employment status, and occupation.
Chirayu Navawongs
Mom Luang Chirayu Navawongs (Thai: จิรายุ นพวงศ์, 16 June 1912 – 7 November 2003) was a Thai scholar and privy councillor. He was a professor at Chulalongkorn University, mainly teaching Pali and Sanskrit, and later served as Dean of the Faculty of Arts. He also served as Deputy Minister of Education, and was a fellow of the Royal Society. He was appointed to the Privy Council of King Bhumibol Adulyadej in 1975.

Faculty of Arts, Chulalongkorn University
The Faculty of Arts, Chulalongkorn University (Thai: คณะอักษรศาสตร์ จุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย), was established in 1917. It was one of the first four faculties of the university. Its former name was "Faculty of Arts and Science". At the time of its establishment, the first two missions of the faculty were to teach the students humanities and sciences and to produce secondary school teachers. In 1934, the faculty started to offer a bachelor's degree of arts. Today, there are undergraduate and graduate programs.

According to QS world university ranking by subject, Faculty of Arts, Chulalongkorn University  is ranked as No. 1 in Thailand in modern languages (51–100 in the world), linguistics (151–200 in the world), English language and literature, history and philosophy.
Moorefield School
The Moorefield School is a historic former school building on Ham Street in Moorefield, Arkansas.  It is a broad rectangular single-story building built out of fieldstone, with a gable-on-hip roof that has exposed rafter ends in the Craftsman style. Entrances on the north and west sides are set under parapeted square porches. The school was built in 1936–37 with funding from the National Youth Administration and served the community as a school until 1947. It now houses the Rehoboth Baptist Church.

The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.

Moorefield, Arkansas
Moorefield is a town in Independence County, Arkansas, United States. It was named after Jesse A. Moore who owned most of the land in the area of the town at that time. As of the 2020 census, Moorefield had a population of 126.
Nick Smith (New Zealand politician)
Nicolas Rex Smith (born 24 December 1964) is a New Zealand politician who served as a Member of Parliament (MP) for the National Party from 1990 to 2021. He served as a Cabinet minister, holding various posts including Minister for Building and Housing, Minister for the Environment, Minister for Climate Change Issues, and Minister of Local Government. For a brief time between October and November 2003 he was the deputy leader of the National Party, then in opposition under Don Brash.

Smith represented the Nelson electorate from 1996 to 2020 and, before that, was the member for Tasman from 1990 to 1996. Following his defeat in the Nelson electorate in the 2020 election, he served as a list MP for less than a year before retiring from parliament on 10 June 2021 after multiple allegations of bullying were made against him. Smith was elected Mayor of Nelson in the October 2022 New Zealand local elections.

Rangiora
Rangiora is the largest town and seat of the Waimakariri District, in Canterbury, New Zealand. It is 29 kilometres (18 mi) north of Christchurch, and is part of the Christchurch metropolitan area. With an estimated population of 19,300 (as of June 2025), Rangiora is the 30th largest urban area in New Zealand, and the fifth-largest in the Canterbury region (behind Christchurch, Timaru, Ashburton and Rolleston).
Museu d'Art Jaume Morera
The Museu d'Art Jaume Morera (Jaume Morera Art Museum) is a museum in Lleida (Catalonia) created by the Diputació de Lleida and the Lleida City Council (La Paeria) with the collaboration of the painter Jaume Morera i Galícia. It  is the museum of modern and contemporary art of the city of Lleida. Today is municipally owned and receives financial support from the Diputació de Lleida and the Department of Culture of the Generalitat of Catalonia. Its entrance is free.

La Paeria
The Palace of La Paeria is the name the city hall of Lleida, Catalonia, Spain, which currently houses the city council. The see is located on Plaça de la Paeria. Lleida's mayor is called Paer en cap, a term also used for Cervera's mayor. The term paer derives from Latin paciarum, meaning "man of peace". This title was given to Lleida's mayor as a special privilege by king James I The Conqueror in 1264.

Lleida's Paeria is an example of Catalan Gothic. The façade includes all of the usual elements found in the works of this medieval architectural school
2013 FIM Motocross World Championship
The 2013 FIM Motocross World Championship was the 57th F.I.M. Motocross World Championship season. It included 36 races at 18 events including Qatar, Thailand, The Netherlands, Italy, Bulgaria, Portugal, Brazil, Mexico, France, Sweden, Latvia, Finland, Germany, Czech Republic, Belgium and Great Britain.

Motocross World Championship
The FIM Motocross World Championship is the premier championship of motocross racing, organized by the Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme (FIM), divided into two distinct classes: MXGP and MX2. Race duration is 30 minutes plus two laps per race. The series runs 20 events with two races per class,  including a point-scoring qualification race.
The FIM Women's Motocross World Championship (MXW) is a women-only motocross championship, inaugurated in 2005, and is a feeder series to the FIM Motocross World Championship.
Shahr-e Bozorg
Shahr-e Bozorg (Persian: شهر بزرگ, romanized: Šahre Bozorg) is a village and the district capital of Shahri Buzurg District, in Badakhshan Province in north-eastern Afghanistan.

During May 1998 this village was at the epicentre of a large earthquake.  Support was provided by helicopter and donkey convoy due to the inaccessibility of the area.  Medical and emergency food support was provided by a consortium of the Northern Alliance Government and International NGOs assisted by UNOCHA from Faizabad, at that time the capital of the Northern Alliance held area of Afghanistan.

Shahri Buzurg District
Shahr-e-Bozorg (Persian: شهرستان شهر بزرگ, romanized: Šahrestāne Šahre Bozorg) is one of the 28 districts of Badakhshan province in northeastern Afghanistan. According to latest estimates, approximately 67,000 people live in the district.

The district of Shahr-e-Bozorg is located in the western part of the province, east of Takhar Province and south of the Afghanistan–Tajikistan border. To the northeast is Yawan District, to the east is Yaftali Sufla District and to the southeast is Argo District.

Shahr-e-Bozorg along with the surrounding and nearby districts were affected by the 2005 Hindu Kush earthquake. The district also deals with heavy snow and occasional avalanche during winter seasons.
Tesseralik Island
Tesseralik Island is an uninhabited island in the Qikiqtaaluk Region of Nunavut, Canada. It is located in the Cumberland Sound, off Baffin Island's Cumberland Peninsula, and is one of the islands forming Brown Harbour. Akulagok Island, Aupaluktok Island, Beacon Island, Kekerten Island, Kekertukdjuak Island, Miliakdjuin Island, Tuapait Island, and Ugpitimik Island are in the vicinity.

Cumberland Peninsula
Cumberland Peninsula is a peninsula in the southeastern part of Baffin Island in Nunavut, Canada. It is located between 64°56' and 67°57' north latitude, and 61°56' to 68° west longitude. The Arctic Circle crosses the peninsula, with the Labrador Sea to the southeast, and the Davis Strait to the east, which lies between the peninsula and Greenland. The Cumberland Sound lies to the southwest, separating the Cumberland Peninsula from the Hall Peninsula, which is also part of Baffin Island.

The Cumberland Peninsula is part of the Arctic Tundra biome—the world's coldest and driest biome—as is the rest of Baffin Island. The terrain is mountainous, and Mt. Odin, near the Arctic Circle, rises 7,044 ft (2,147 m).

The peninsula is home to Pangnirtung, which lies on the southwest coast, and the Auyuittuq National Park.
Andrija Mutafelija
Andrija Mutafelija (1883–1970) was a Croatian footballer and an important figure in the development of the game.

He was born in Slavonski Brod in 1883. As a member of the early Croatian football club PNIŠK, he was one of the first footballers in Zagreb. He played from 1903 to 1906. He co-founded HŠK Građanski Zagreb in a café on Preradović Square and was its first president from 1911 to 1914. He is credited with making the club competitive in the period directly after the First World War. By trade he was a hat salesman.

He died in Zagreb in 1970.

Slavonski Brod
Slavonski Brod (pronounced [slǎʋoːnskiː brôːd], lit. 'Slavonian Brod'), commonly shortened to simply Brod, is a city in eastern Croatia, near the border with Bosnia and Herzegovina. As one of the principal cities in the historical regions of Slavonia and Posavina, Slavonski Brod is the 7th largest city in the country, with a population of 59,141 as of the 2011 census. It is the centre of Brod-Posavina County and a major river port on the Sava river.
Ashurst LLP
Ashurst is a British multinational law firm headquartered in London. It has 30 offices in 18 countries across Asia, Australia, Europe, the Middle East and North America. Ashurst is 55th in the list of 100 largest law firms in the world by revenue, and 6th in the list of largest UK law firms by revenue.

Its principal business focus is mergers and acquisitions, corporate and structured finance. The firm also has practices in other areas including investment funds, antitrust, energy, transport and infrastructure, intellectual property, IT, dispute resolution, financial services, tax, real estate, regulatory, telecommunication and employment.

Dispute resolution
Dispute resolution or dispute settlement is the process of resolving disputes between parties. The term dispute resolution is conflict resolution through legal means.

Prominent venues for dispute settlement in international law include the International Court of Justice (formerly the Permanent Court of International Justice); the United Nations Human Rights Committee (which operates under the ICCPR) and European Court of Human Rights; the Panels and Appellate Body of the World Trade Organization; and the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea. Half of all international agreements include a dispute settlement mechanism.

States are also known to form their own arbitration tribunals to settle disputes. Prominent private international courts, which adjudicate disputes between commercial private entities, include the International Court of Arbitration (of the International Chamber of Commerce) and the London Court of International Arbitration.
Born (surname)
Born is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Adolf Born (1930–2016), Czech painter and illustrator

B. H. Born (1932–2013), American basketball player

Bob Born (1924–2023), American businessman, candy maker and inventor

Brooksley Born (born 1940), American lawyer and public official

Claire Born (1898–1965), German operatic soprano

Daniel Born (born 1975), German politician (SPD)

Elina Born (born 1994), Estonian singer

Georgina Born (born 1955), British anthropologist and musician

Ignaz von Born (1742–1791), Austrian mineralogist and metallurgist

Max Born (1882–1970), German mathematician and physicist

Maurice Born (1943–2020), Swiss architect and ethnographer

Sam Born (1891–1959), American businessman, candy maker and inventor

Bob Born
Ira Brahm "Bob" Born (September 29, 1924 – January 29, 2023) was an American businessperson and inventor in the confectionery industry. For more than thirty years, he was president of Just Born, a family-owned candy manufacturer founded by his father Sam Born. Bob became known as the "Father of Peeps" for automating the production of an Easter marshmallow treat, and also developed the candy Hot Tamales.
Kelvin Chukwu
Senator Kelvin Chukwu is a Nigerian politician of the Labour Party and Senator representing Enugu East Senatorial District. The Labour Party nominated him as a replacement to his elder brother Oyibo Chukwu who was assassinated along Amechi town,  three days before the 25 February presidential and National Assembly elections.

Labour Party (Nigeria)
The Labour Party (LP) is a social democratic political party in Nigeria. The party was created in 2002 and was previously known as the Party for Social Democracy (PSD) before changing to its current name the following year. Built on the ideology of social democracy, the party aims to promote and defend social democratic principles and ideals for the purpose of achieving social justice, progress and unity.

On 27 May 2022, the party's membership and support increased drastically as the former governor of Anambra State, Peter Obi, joined the party shortly after he left the People's Democratic Party (PDP) in a bid to run for the 2023 Nigerian presidential election.
Electro-immobilisation
Electro-immobilisation is a form of restraint used on livestock as part of animal husbandry. It involves applying an electric current to the animal to interfere with normal nervous activity. The electric current may either be applied via external electrodes, or via an electrode inserted into the anus. The mechanism of immobilisation is by general spastic paralysis resulting from the electric current, and does not have electroanalgesic or anesthesic effects; the animal remains aware while paralysed, and can experience pain.

Numerous researchers have found electro-immobilisation to be highly aversive to animals. Electro-immobilisation is banned in several countries and disapproved of by numerous animal welfare organizations.

Spasticity
Spasticity  (from Greek  spasmos- 'drawing, pulling') is a feature of altered skeletal muscle performance with a combination of paralysis, increased tendon reflex activity, and hypertonia. It is also colloquially referred to as an unusual "tightness", stiffness, or "pull" of muscles.

Clinically, spasticity results from the loss of inhibition of motor neurons, causing excessive velocity-dependent muscle contraction. This ultimately leads to hyperreflexia, an exaggerated deep tendon reflex. Spasticity is often treated with the drug baclofen, which acts as an agonist at GABA receptors, which are inhibitory.

Spastic cerebral palsy is the most common form of cerebral palsy, which is a group of permanent movement problems that do not get worse over time. GABA's inhibitory actions contribute to baclofen's efficacy as an anti-spasticity agent.
Conway Barbour
Conway Barbour (c. 1818–1876) was held as a slave, worked as a ship steward, became a businessman, and lawyer. He served as a state legislator in Arkansas and was elected to the Arkansas House of Representatives in 1871. Professor Victoria L. Harrison wrote about him in the 2018 book Fight Like a Tiger: Conway Barbour and the Challenges of the Black Middle Class in Nineteenth-Century America published by Southern Illinois University Press.

A Republican, he represented Lafayette County, Arkansas in the Arkansas House.

He died in Lake Village, Arkansas.

He and two other African Americans who represented Lafayette County, Marshall M. Murray and Monroe Hawkins, are commemorated by a historical marker in Stamps, Arkansas.

Lake Village, Arkansas
Lake Village is a city in and the county seat of Chicot County, Arkansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, Lake Village had a population of 2,065. It is located in the Arkansas Delta. Lake Village is named for its location on Lake Chicot, an oxbow lake formed by the Mississippi River.
Thomas Mauch
Thomas Mauch (born 4 April 1937) is a German cinematographer and film producer. With a career that spans over fifty years in both film and television, Mauch is well known for his numerous collaborations with Edgar Reitz, Alexander Kluge, and Werner Herzog.

Edgar Reitz
Edgar Reitz (born 1 November 1932) is a German filmmaker and Professor of Film at the Staatliche Hochschule für Gestaltung (State University of Design) in Karlsruhe. He is best-known for his internationally acclaimed Heimat film series (1984–2013).
Catholic University College of Ghana
The Catholic University College of Ghana is a private universities in Ghana. It is located at Fiapre, Sunyani in the Bono Region. It was granted accreditation by the National Accreditation Board on 4 December 2002. The first class began instruction on 3 March 2003. The formal inauguration of the university was on 13 November 2003.

Fiapre
Fiapre is a town in Sunyani West Municipality in the Bono Region of Ghana. Fiapre is very close to the regional capital town of the Bono Region, Sunyani and shares borders with Sunyani, Odomase, Dumasua, Mantukwa and Nsuatre, all within the Sunyani West Municipality in the Bono Region of Ghana.
Pedakakani Halt railway station
Pedakakani Halt railway station (station code:PDKN), is an F-category station in Guntur railway division of Indian Railways. It is situated on the Krishna Canal–Guntur section of South Central Railway zone. It serves Pedakakani of Andhra Pradesh.

South Central Railway zone
The South Central Railway  (abbreviated SCR) is one of the 19 zones of Indian Railways. The jurisdiction of the zone is spread over the states of Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Maharashtra, Karnataka. It has three divisions under its administration, which include Secunderabad, Hyderabad and Nanded. Secunderabad, Telangana is the Zonal headquarter.
Tennis at the 2015 SEA Games – Men's doubles
Christopher Rungkat and Elbert Sie were the defending champions, but Sie was not selected for the Indonesian team. Rungkat partnered Sunu Wahyu Trijati, but they lost in the quarterfinals to Francis Alcantara and Treat Huey.

Sanchai and Sonchat Ratiwatana won the gold medal, defeating Ruben Gonzales and Jeson Patrombon in the final, 6–4, 6–4.
Francis Alcantara and Treat Huey, and Warit Sorbutnark and Kittipong Wachiramanowong won the bronze medals.

Christopher Rungkat
Christopher Benjamin Rungkat (born 14 January 1990) is an Indonesian tennis player. In 2008, he won  the French Open 2008 Boys' Doubles Juniors title with Finnish player Henri Kontinen. He is the youngest ever Indonesian to be the All Indonesian Champion, and by the end of his junior career, he was awarded for Indonesian best promising athlete 2008.

Rungkat also reached the final of the 2008 US Open boys' event with Henri Kontinen. Rungkat is the first Indonesian to reach the US Open boys' final and to win the doubles title at the French Open.

In June 2010, he won the Tarakan Open International Men's Futures tournament, his first international tournament title since his professional debut in 2007. He won his maiden ATP Tour title in men's doubles, partnered with Swedish player André Göransson in February 2020, 13 years after turning professional.
Ruman (surname)
Ruman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Amy Ruman (born 1974), American racing driver

Evgeny Ruman (born 1979), Israeli film director

Petr Ruman (born 1976), Czech footballer

Sig Ruman (1884–1967), German-American actor

Um Ruman (7th century), sahaba of Muhammad

Umm Ruman
Zaynab bint ʿĀmir ibn ʿUwaymir ibn ʿAbd Shams ibn ʿAttāb al-Farāsīyya al-Kinānīyya, known by her kunya "Umm Rūmān" (Arabic: أمّ رومان زينب بنت عامر ابن عويمر ابن عبد شمس ابن عتاب الفراسية الكنانية) was among the followers or companions of Muhammad. As the wife of Abu Bakr and mother of Aisha, she was the mother-in-law of the Prophet of Islam.
Carex montana
Carex montana, also called mountain or soft-leaved sedge, is a species of grass of the genus Carex. It is most commonly found in Europe and Central Russia.

It is native to most countries in Europe including the UK, Germany, France and Spain.

It is tolerant of alkaline soils and temperatures down to −23 °C.

Alkali soil
Alkali, or  alkaline, soils are clay soils with high pH (greater than 8.5), a poor soil structure and a low infiltration capacity. Often they have a hard calcareous layer at 0.5 to 1 metre depth. Alkali soils owe their unfavorable physico-chemical properties mainly to the dominating presence of sodium carbonate, which causes the soil to swell and to be difficult to clarify/settle. They derive their name from the alkali metal group of elements, to which sodium belongs, and which can induce basicity. Sometimes these soils are also referred to as alkaline sodic soils.
VAW-121
Carrier Airborne Early Warning Squadron 121 (VAW-121), also known as the "Bluetails", is an Airborne Early Warning (AEW) and Command and control (C2) squadron of the United States Navy, operating the E-2D Advanced Hawkeye. Established in 1967, the squadron is based at NAS Norfolk. It is currently assigned to Carrier Air Wing 17 and deploys aboard the aircraft carrier USS Nimitz

Carrier Air Wing Seventeen
Carrier Air Wing Seventeen (CVW-17), is a United States Navy aircraft carrier air wing based at Naval Air Station Lemoore, California. The air wing is attached to the aircraft carrier USS Ronald Reagan.