hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rayleigh's equation (fluid dynamics)
In fluid dynamics, Rayleigh's equation or Rayleigh stability equation is a linear ordinary differential equation to study the hydrodynamic stability of a parallel, incompressible and inviscid shear flow. The equation is:

with  the flow velocity of the steady base flow whose stability is to be studied and  is the cross-stream direction (i.e. perpendicular to the flow direction). Further  is the complex valued amplitude of the infinitesimal streamfunction perturbations applied to the base flow,  is the wavenumber of the perturbations and  is the phase speed with which the perturbations propagate in the flow direction. The prime denotes differentiation with respect to

Linear system
In systems theory, a linear system is a mathematical model of a system based on the use of a linear operator.
Linear systems typically exhibit features and properties that are much simpler than the nonlinear case.
As a mathematical abstraction or idealization, linear systems find important applications in automatic control theory, signal processing, and telecommunications. For example, the propagation medium for wireless communication systems can often be
modeled by linear systems.
The Story of Hira and Lal
The Story of Hira and Lal is an Indian folktale published in The Modern Review, in 1907. The tale is a local form of the international cycle of the Animal as Bridegroom or The Search for the Lost Husband, in that a woman marries a man of supernatural origin (a snake or serpent), loses him and must regain him. The tale also contains tale type AaTh 977, "The Eloping Couple and the Robbers", wherein a protagonist couple flee from their families, find shelter with robbers that kill the male half of the couple, but deities' mercy restores the man to life - a type that the indexes only report in India and South Asia.

Stith Thompson
Stith Thompson (March 7, 1885 – January 10, 1976) was an American folklorist: he has been described as "America's most important folklorist".

He is the "Thompson" of the Aarne–Thompson–Uther Index, which indexes folktales by type, and the author of the Motif-Index of Folk-Literature, a resource for folklorists that indexes motifs, granular elements of folklore.
Malaysia Federal Route 366
Federal Route 366, Temiang–Pantai Highway (Malay: Jalan Temiang–Pantai / Jalan Pintas Temiang) is a federal route in Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. It is built to shorten amount of time for users from Kajang–Seremban Highway to Malaysia Federal Route 86 which connects Seremban to Kuala Klawang and Simpang Pertang.

Simpang Pertang
Simpang Pertang (Negeri Sembilan Malay: Simpang Poghotang) is a small town in Jelebu District, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. It is a few kilometres away from the town of Pertang, which the intersection is named after. The town is located on the district boundary with Jempol.

It is most well known as the intersection of federal routes 9, which leads to Karak and Kuala Pilah and 86, which leads to Kuala Klawang, Pantai and ultimately Seremban.
Richard Rowles
Richard Rowles (born 3 January 1973) is a former light middleweight boxer, who represented Australia at two consecutive Summer Olympics, starting in 1996 and 2000 Summer Olympics. He won a bronze medal at the 1994 Commonwealth Games in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.

Born in Lae, in Papua New Guinea, Rowles later on moved to Brisbane, where he was based at Brisbane's Lang Park Amateur Boxing Club, alongside Lang Park.

He was an Australian Institute of Sport scholarship holder.

Boxing at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Boxing at the 1996 Summer Olympics took place in the Alexander Memorial Coliseum in Atlanta. The boxing schedule began on 20 July and ended on 4 August. Twelve boxing events were contested, with the participation of 355 athletes from 97 countries.

There was significant controversy surrounding the judging of the fight between Floyd Mayweather of the U.S. and Serafim Todorov of Bulgaria, with Todorov being awarded the semi-final bout win which according to many observers, was won by Mayweather. Additionally, in the final of the light flyweight bout between Bulgaria's Daniel Petrov and Mansueto Velasco of the Philippines, Petrov claimed gold as many spectators believed that Velasco should have won the match and questioned the one-sided scoring of the judges.
94th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
The 94th Brigade was an infantry formation of  the British Army during World War I. It was raised as part of  'Kitchener's Army' and was assigned to the 31st Division. After the original formation was converted into a reserve brigade, the number was transferred to a brigade of  'Pals battalions' from Northern England. It was sent to Egypt at the end of 1915 but was recalled to France shortly afterwards and then served on the Western Front for the rest of the war. The brigade was shattered on the First day on the Somme, but later saw action at Arras and distinguished itself at the Capture of Oppy Wood. It was temporarily disbanded in early 1918 but was reconstituted from dismounted Yeomanry regiments in time to take part in the final battles of the war.

Brigadier (United Kingdom)
Brigadier (Brig) is a senior rank in the British Army and the Royal Marines. Brigadier is the superior rank to colonel and subordinate to major-general. It corresponds to the rank of brigadier general in many other nations, although it is not considered to be a general officer rank in the United Kingdom.

The rank has a NATO rank code of OF-6, placing it equivalent to the Royal Navy commodore and the Royal Air Force air commodore ranks and the brigadier general (1-star general) rank of the United States military and numerous other NATO nations.
Hotel Castelar
Hotel Castelar was a hotel located at the northwest intersection of May and 9th of July Avenues, in the downtown Montserrat section of Buenos Aires, Argentina. It operated for 90 years, closing in 2020 as a result of the coronavirus pandemic.

Opened in 1928 as the Hotel Excelsior, the building was designed by Italian architect Mario Palanti and built by local engineer José Pinzone.  The Spanish poet and dramatist, Federico García Lorca, stayed here from October 1933 to March 1934 while his play, Bodas de Sangre, was being performed at the Avenida Theatre nearby; his erstwhile room has been preserved as a museum. More recently, the hotel was the site of Vice President Carlos Álvarez's dramatic, October 6, 2000, resignation, a milestone helping lead to President Fernando de la Rúa's own departure a year later.

Carlos Álvarez (Argentine politician)
Carlos Alberto Álvarez (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈkaɾlos ˈtʃatʃo ˈalβaɾes] ⓘ; born 26 December 1948) is an Argentine politician. He was Vice President of Argentina during the first 10 months of President Fernando de la Rúa's term, and headed the ALADI Secretariat from 2011 to 2017.
Pristimantis carranguerorum
Pristimantis carranguerorum is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae.
It is endemic to Colombia.
Its natural habitats are tropical moist montane forests and rivers.
It is threatened by habitat loss.

Strabomantidae
The Strabomantidae, sometimes called cloud forest landfrogs, are a family of frogs native to South America. These frogs lack a free-living larval stage and hatch directly into miniature "froglets". This family includes Pristimantis, the most speciose genus of any vertebrate. Based on molecular dating, the Holoadeninae in particular appears to have originated in the Eocene. The Oligocene-Miocene transition was also found to be important to their biogeographical history. However, the lack of Holoadeninae fossils and limited nucleotide data ambiguates the results, by the authors' admission.
2010–11 Pacific-10 Conference men's basketball season
The 2010–11 Pacific-10 Conference men's basketball season began with practices on October 18, 2010 and ended with the 2011 Pacific-10 Conference men's basketball tournament from March 9–11, 2011 at the Staples Center in Los Angeles. The regular season began on the weekend of November 12, with the conference schedule starting on December 30. The conference dedicated the season to legendary UCLA coach John Wooden, who died in June 2010 at age 99.

The Washington Huskies defeated the regular season champions Arizona Wildcats 77–75 in overtime to capture the tournament championship. Four Pac-10 teams were selected to participate in the NCAA tournament: Arizona, Washington, UCLA and USC.

This was the final season for the Pac-10 under that name. In July 2011, two schools joined the conference, at which time its name officially changed to Pac-12 Conference. Colorado arrived from the Big 12 and Utah entered from the Mountain West.

2011 Pacific-10 Conference men's basketball tournament
The 2011 Pacific Life Pacific-10 Conference men's basketball tournament was played on March 9–11, 2011 at Staples Center in Los Angeles, California. The tournament champion became the NCAA tournament automatic qualifier from the conference. The Arizona Wildcats, finish the season atop of the conference with a 14–4 record, and the UCLA Bruins were the two top-seed teams in the tournament. The third-seeded Washington Huskies won the tournament.  This was the final tournament ever held under the "Pac-10" name, as Colorado and Utah joined the conference in July, making it the "Pac-12."
Knotty Head
27°23.1′N 90°24.63′W﻿ / ﻿27.3850°N 90.41050°W﻿ / 27.3850; -90.41050
Knotty Head was at one point the deepest oil well in the Gulf of Mexico. It is drilled in 3,500 ft (1,067 m) of water and 30,589 ft (9,324 m) below the sea floor. It is jointly owned by Chevron Corporation, Occidental Petroleum, BHP and Nexen Inc. with each having 25% of the share. Initially, the well was estimated to hold 350 million to one billion barrels of oil, but additional tests have cut that estimate down to 200 million to 500 million. The field is located in the Green Canyon Area, section 512.

Occidental Petroleum
Occidental Petroleum Corporation (often abbreviated Oxy in reference to its ticker symbol and logo) is an American company engaged in hydrocarbon exploration in the United States and the Middle East as well as petrochemical manufacturing in the United States, Canada, and Chile. It is incorporated under the Delaware General Corporation Law and headquartered in Houston. The company ranked 183rd on the 2021 Fortune 500 based on its 2020 revenues and 670th on the 2021 Forbes Global 2000.
Individual dressage at the 2019 European Dressage Championships
The individual dressage at the 2019 FEI European Championships in Rotterdam, Netherlands was held at Kralingse Bos from 19 to 25 August.

Germany's Isabell Werth won the gold medal in both Grand Prix Special and Grand Prix Freestyle, repeating her success from 2017 European Dressage Championship held in Gothenburg, Sweden. Dorothee Schneider representing Germany won a silver medal in both Grand Prix Freestyle and Grand Prix Special. Cathrine Dufour of Denmark won a bronze in special, while Germany's Jessica von Bredow-Werndl won a bronze in freestyle, her first individual medal at a major championship.

Isabell Werth
Isabell Werth (born 21 July 1969 in Issum) is a German equestrian who has competed in dressage at seven Olympic Games —1992, 1996, 2000, 2008, 2016, 2020, 2024— winning the gold medal in the team event in all seven, and one gold and six silver medals in the individual event. She stands alone in having medals from seven Olympics, or across a span of 32 years; her 14 medals are the most for any German or equestrian. She also has numerous titles in the World and European Championships and World Cups.
Tinikling
Tinikling (traditionally written tiniclín) is a traditional Philippine folk dance which originated prior to Spanish colonialism in the area. The dance involves at least two people beating, tapping, and sliding bamboo poles on the ground and against each other in coordination with one or more dancers who step over and in between the poles in a dance. It is traditionally danced to rondalla music, a sort of serenade played by an ensemble of stringed instruments which originated in Spain during the Middle Ages. The locomotor movements used in this dance are hopping, jumping, and turning.

Buff-banded rail
The buff-banded rail (Gallirallus philippensis) is a distinctively coloured, highly dispersive, medium-sized rail of the rail family, Rallidae. This species comprises several subspecies found throughout much of Australasia and the south-west Pacific region, including the Philippines (where it is known as tikling), New Guinea, Australia, New Zealand (where it is known as the banded rail, or moho-pererū in Māori), and numerous smaller islands, covering a range of latitudes from the tropics to the subantarctic. The species was formerly placed in the genus Hypotaenidia.
School of the Museum of Fine Arts at Tufts
The School of the Museum of Fine Arts at Tufts University (Museum School, SMFA at Tufts, or SMFA; formerly the School of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston) is a dedicated art school within Tufts University, a private research university in Massachusetts. SMFA is part of Tufts University's largest school, the School of Arts and Sciences, and offers both undergraduate and graduate degrees that combine studio arts training with interdisciplinary liberal arts and science education.

It is affiliated with the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. SMFA is a member of the Association of Independent Colleges of Art and Design (AICAD), a consortium of several dozen leading art schools in the United States, and is accredited by the New England Commission of Higher Education (NECHE).

Consortium
A consortium (pl. consortiums or consortia) is an association of two or more individuals, companies, organizations, or governments (or any combination of these entities) with the objective of participating in a common activity or pooling their resources for achieving a common goal. Consortia are generally nonprofit with a goal to help its members improve their competitiveness in the specific field.

Consortium is a Latin word meaning "partnership", "association", or "society", and derives from consors ("shared in property"), itself from con- ("together") and sors ("fate").
Preobrazhensky (surname)
Preobrazhensky (Russian: Преображенский)  feminine: Preobrazhenskaya is a Russian surname originated in clergy, derived from the term Преображение, 'Transfiguration (of Jesus)'. Notable persons with the surname include:

Boris Preobrazhensky, Soviet otolaryngologist and academician, Hero of Socialist Labour

Konstantin Preobrazhensky, writer on KGB subjects

Mikhail Preobrazhensky, architect

Olga Preobrajenska (1871–1962), ballerina of the Russian Imperial Ballet

Olga Preobrazhenskaya (director) (1881–1971), Russian and Soviet actress and film director

Pavel Preobrazhensky, Russian geologist

Sofiya Preobrazhenskaya, Russian opera singer, People's Artist of the USSR

Vasily Khrisanfovich Preobrazhensky, Russian writer

Vasily Petrovich Preobrazhensky, Russian writer

Yevgeni Preobrazhensky, (1886–1937) Bolshevik and economist

Konstantin Preobrazhensky
Konstantin Georgiyevich Preobrazhenskiy (Russian: Константин Георгиевич Преображенский; born 1953 in Moscow) is a former KGB lieutenant colonel, an intelligence expert and the author of several books and numerous articles about Russian secret police organizations.

Preobrazhenskiy is known for his publications about KGB operations in Japan, recruitment of Russian emigrants by Russian Foreign Intelligence Service, and infiltration of the Russian Orthodox Church by the KGB/Federal Security Service (FSB).
Could I Have This Kiss Forever
"Could I Have This Kiss Forever" is a mid-tempo duet performed by American singer Whitney Houston and Spanish singer Enrique Iglesias. It was written by Diane Warren and produced by David Foster, Mark Taylor and Brian Rawling. The song first appeared on Iglesias's debut English-language album Enrique (1999) as a slow Latin-styled ballad. It was also included on Houston's first compilation album, Whitney: The Greatest Hits (2000). It achieved chart success in many countries, including Croatia, Switzerland and the Netherlands, where it reached number one. It also topped the European Singles chart and was a top ten US hit on the adult contemporary charts.

Greatest Hits (Enrique Iglesias album)
Greatest Hits is a compilation album by Spanish pop singer Enrique Iglesias. The album contains Enrique's greatest hits from his four English studio albums, as well as two newly recorded tracks – "Away", featuring Sean Garrett, and the hit single "Takin' Back My Love", featuring Ciara, which reached the top ten in numerous countries. The German version of the song features Sarah Connor, and the French version features Tyssem.

On 4 October 2019, the second Greatest Hits album by Enrique Iglesias was released under the same name. The new album featured Enrique's hits spanning Iglesias' music career spanning from Enrique Iglesias to Sex and Love.
Bobryk
Bobryk (Ukrainian: Бобрик) is a village in Myrhorod Raion, Poltava Oblast, Ukraine. It belongs to Velyki Budyshcha rural hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. It has a population of 791. The local self-government body is the Bobrytska village council. The village of Bobryk is located on the left bank of the Psel River, downstream at a distance of 4.5 km is the village of Vepryk. The river in this place is winding, forming estuaries, and old and marshy lakes. It is located 22 kilometers from the district center and 24 kilometers to the Hadiach railway station. It has an elevation of 113 meters.

Until 18 July 2020, Bobryk belonged to Hadiach Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Poltava Oblast to four. The area of Hadiach Raion was merged into Myrhorod Raion.

In 2022, it was invaded and captured by Russian forces for some time.

Poltava Oblast
Poltava Oblast (Ukrainian: Полтавська область, romanized: Poltavska oblast), also referred to as Poltavshchyna (Ukrainian: Полтавщина), is an oblast (province) of central Ukraine. The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Poltava. Most of its territory was part of the southern regions of the Cossack Hetmanate. Population: 1,352,283 (2022 estimate).

Three other important cities in the oblast are Horishni Plavni, Kremenchuk, and Lubny.
September 2017 Democratic Party (Japan, 2016) leadership election
The September 2017 Democratic Party leadership election was held on 1 September 2017 to replace outgoing president Renhō, who resigned in July after the party's failure in the 2017 Tokyo prefectural election.

Seiji Maehara, the runner up in the 2016 contest, defeated Yukio Edano by a wide margin. Maehara's success was a victory for the conservative wing of the party, but also precipitated an internal crisis that resulted in a split in the party only a month later.

Renhō
Renhō Saitō (斉藤 蓮舫, Saitō Renhō; née Hsieh (謝), formerly Murata (村田); born 28 November 1967), known mononymously as Renhō, is a Japanese politician and former journalist who has served as a member of the House of Councillors from 2004 to 2024, and again since 2025. She was the leader of the now-defunct major opposition party, the Democratic Party from 2016 to 2017. Renhō was a candidate for the 2024 Tokyo gubernatorial election with the support of the Constitutional Democratic Party (CDP), Japanese Communist Party (JCP), and the Social Democratic Party (SDP), but was defeated by incumbent Yuriko Koike, placing third behind Shinji Ishimaru.
Colwick marshalling yard
Colwick marshalling yard, also known as Colwick sidings, was a large railway marshalling yard in Netherfield, Nottingham designed for the concentration of coal traffic from the Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire Coalfield for transfer to other marshalling yards in London. It was built by the Great Northern Railway in the triangle formed by the Nottingham-Grantham line, and the Nottingham-Derby line, close to what would become Netherfield and Colwick station. It was built in stages from 1872 and was closed by British Railways in April 1970. The site has now been developed as the Victoria Retail Park.

Netherfield, Nottinghamshire
Netherfield is a town in the Borough of Gedling in Nottinghamshire, England. It is situated to the east of Nottingham's city boundary and is approximately 3 miles (4.8 km) between Colwick and Carlton in the NG4 postcode area, and near the River Trent. The appropriate Gedling ward was called 'Netherfield and Colwick' until boundary reorganisation in 2015, when it became 'Netherfield', with 'Colwick' becoming a separate ward.. At the time of the 2011 census, the population of this ward was 7,398.
IBiquity
iBiquity Digital Corporation was a company formed by the merger of USA Digital Radio and Lucent Digital Radio. Based in Columbia, Maryland, with additional offices in Basking Ridge, New Jersey, Los Angeles, California, and Auburn Hills, Michigan, iBiquity was a privately held intellectual properties company with investors in the technology, broadcasting, manufacturing, media, and financial industries.

Columbia, Maryland
Columbia is a planned community in Howard County, Maryland, United States, consisting of 10 self-contained villages. With a population of 104,681 at the 2020 census, it is the second-most-populous community in Maryland, after Baltimore. Columbia, located between Baltimore and Washington, D.C., is part of the Baltimore metropolitan area and is tracked by the United States Census Bureau as a census-designated place. Columbia proper consists only of territory governed by the Columbia Association, a not-for-profit management company. The United States Postal Service also uses the name for other communities that predate Columbia, including Simpsonville and Atholton; the Census Bureau also counts part of Clarksville as Columbia.

Developer James Rouse founded Columbia in 1967, aiming to create a community that would avoid the inconveniences of then-current subdivision design; eliminate racial, religious and class segregation; and reduce leapfrog and spot zoning development.
Dryomovo-Cheremoshki
Dryomovo-Cheremoshki (Russian: Дрёмово-Черемошки) is a rural locality (Russian: село, lit. 'village') in Zakharkovsky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Konyshyovsky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population:  86 (2010 Census); 126 (2002 Census);

Konyshyovsky District
Konyshyovsky District (Russian: Конышёвский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-eight in Kursk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northwestern central part of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,135 square kilometers (438 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Konyshyovka. Population: 8,425 (2021 Census); 10,594 (2010 Census);  15,155 (2002 Census); 19,234 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Konyshyovka accounts for 42.7% of the district's total population.