hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Imperial Entomologist
Imperial Entomologist was a position in British India for an entomologist, it was created mainly for applied entomology in pest control and for utilization of useful insects such as honey bees, lac insects, and who was also involved in research and developing control measures against insects of veterinary and medical importance. A second position was created initially but that was later redesignated as Imperial Pathological Entomologist. Both positions were abolished after Indian independence in 1947.

The position was occupied by:

1903–1912 Harold Maxwell-Lefroy who replaced the government position of entomologist briefly held by Lionel de Niceville in 1901

1913–1934 Thomas Bainbrigge Fletcher

Muhammad Afzal Husain (Acting Imperial Entomologist, 1926)

1934–c.1944 Hem Singh Pruthi

c.1944–1947 P.V. Isaac

1947 Position abolished

In 1907 Frank Milburn Howlett was appointed Second (ie Deputy) Entomologist; he was given the title Imperial Pathological Entomologist in 1912.

Lionel de Nicéville
Charles Lionel Augustus de Nicéville (1852 in Bristol – 3 December 1901 in Calcutta from malaria) was a curator at the Indian Museum in Calcutta (now Kolkata). He studied the butterflies of the Indian subcontinent and wrote a three volume monograph on the butterflies of India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Burma and Sri Lanka. He also studied the mantids of the Oriental region.
Sudip Roy Barman
Sudip Roy Barman is an Indian politician from Tripura. He served as the MLA of the Tripura Legislative Assembly from the Agartala constituency which he held since 1998 by winning four elections consecutively on INC ticket by handsome margins. In 2018, he contested from Agartala constituency and won on BJP ticket. On 7 February 2022, he quit BJP and resigned from his MLA post. On 8 February he joined the Indian National Congress in Delhi. Again on 23 June 2022, he contested from Agartala constituency and won on INC ticket defeating his nearest rival of BJP by more than 3500 votes.

Tripura Legislative Assembly
The Tripura Legislative Assembly or Tripura Vidhan Sabha is the unicameral legislature of the Indian state of Tripura, with 60 Members of the Legislative Assembly. The present Assembly is located in Gurkhabasti. Ujjayanta Palace in Agartala served as the previous meeting place. The tenure of the Assembly is five years unless sooner dissolved. The present Assembly is the 13th Legislative Assembly, where the current speaker of the House is Biswa Bandhu Sen since 24 March 2023. On 15 August 1957, a Territorial Council was formed with 30 elected members and two members nominated by the Government of India.
Australian rugby league wooden spooners
The Australian rugby league wooden spooners are the team that finished last in the premier top-grade rugby league competition in Australia, which is currently the National Rugby League, and was previously the New South Wales Rugby Football League (1908-1994), the Australian Rugby League (1995-1997), and Super League (1997). Each of these seasons is considered to represent one continuous line of competition dating back from the first season in 1908. The wooden spoon is an unofficial award, however, fans often bring "real" wooden spoons to taunt opposition sides who are struggling on the bottom of the ladder.

Since the Melbourne Storm's salary cap breach which saw them win the wooden spoon in the 2010 NRL season (more below), betting agencies have instead placed wagers on who would suffer the most losses in a single season, rather than win the wooden spoon itself.

New South Wales Rugby League
The New South Wales Rugby League Ltd (NSWRL) is an Australian rugby league football competition operator in New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory and is a member of the Australian Rugby League Commission.

It was registered on 21 December 1983 and succeeded the New South Wales Rugby Football League which had been formed in Sydney on 8 August 1907. The NSWRFL and then NSWRL operated the premier rugby league club competitions for Sydney, then New South Wales and then Australia from 1908 to 1994. The organisation administers the New South Wales rugby league team for State of Origin.
Piedmont, Quebec
Piedmont (French pronunciation: [pjemɔ̃]) is a small municipality within the Les Pays-d'en-Haut Regional County Municipality, Quebec, Canada, in the administrative region of Laurentides. It is located along the North River and Autoroute 15 and Route 117, north of Montreal.

Its name refers to its location at the foot of the Laurentian Mountains.

Quebec Autoroute 15
Autoroute 15 is a highway in western Quebec, Canada. It is also called the Décarie Expressway (English) or Autoroute Décarie (French) between the Turcot and Décarie Interchanges in Montreal and the Laurentian Autoroute (English) or Autoroute des Laurentides (French) north of Autoroute 40. It was, until the extension of Autoroute 25 was opened in 2011, the only constructed north-south autoroute to go out of Montreal on both sides. A-15 begins at the end of Interstate 87 at the United States border at Saint-Bernard-de-Lacolle and extends via Montreal to Sainte-Agathe-des-Monts with an eventual continuation beyond Mont-Tremblant. The total length of A-15 is 164 km (101.9 mi), including a short concurrency (4 km or 2.5 mi) with Autoroute 40 (Boulevard/Autoroute Métropolitan) that connects the two main sections.
Selsbakk Station
Selsbakk Station is a railway station at Selsbakk in Trondheim, Norway on the Dovre Line. The station is located 6.4 kilometers south of Trondheim S and is served by local trains to Røros. The station was opened 1890 as part of Trondhjem–Støren Line, but moved somewhat in 1919 when it got a new station building when the line was converted to standard gauge and became part of the Dovre Line.

Selsbakk
Selsbakk is a neighbourhood in the city of Trondheim in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located in the borough of Midtbyen in Trondheim Municipality. It is approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) south of the city centre. The local sports club is Selsbakk IF.
The Lightning Saga
"The Lightning Saga" is a comic book crossover story arc that took place in DC Comics' two flagship team books: Justice League of America and Justice Society of America. It was written by Brad Meltzer and Geoff Johns, and illustrated by Ed Benes, Dale Eaglesham, and Shane Davis. It is notable for re-introducing the Legion of Super-Heroes in the post-Infinite Crisis era.

This crossover would also be the beginning of DC's three year reinvention of the Legion, with the next part occurring in the Action Comics story "Superman and the Legion of Super-Heroes" and culminating in Final Crisis: Legion of Three Worlds.

Dale Eaglesham
Dale Eaglesham is a Canadian comic book illustrator who has been working in the American industry since 1986. He is best known for his work on titles like Conan, Punisher, Green Lantern, Villains United, Justice Society of America and Fantastic Four. In 2008, the Shuster Awards selected him as Outstanding Canadian Comic Book Artist of the year.
Dullahan (horse)
Dullahan (February 8, 2009 – October 20, 2013) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse. As a two-year-old he recorded his first win in the Grade I Breeders' Futurity Stakes. In early 2012, he won the Blue Grass Stakes, finished third in the Kentucky Derby and was the beaten favorite for the Belmont Stakes. Later in the season, he defeated older horses in the Pacific Classic. He was euthanized of a ruptured colon on October 20, 2013, at Winstar Farm in Versailles, Kentucky.

Pacific Classic Stakes
The Pacific Classic Stakes is an American Thoroughbred horse race held annually August or September at the Del Mar Racetrack in Del Mar, California. This Grade I race is open to horses, age three and up, which race one and one-quarter miles on the dirt. The event currently carries a purse of $1,000,000.
Senhora da Hora
Senhora da Hora (Portuguese pronunciation: [sɨˈɲoɾɐ ðɐ ˈɔɾɐ]) is a civil parish in the municipality of Matosinhos in the Greater Porto area, Portugal. In 2013, the parish merged into the parish São Mamede de Infesta e Senhora da Hora. It was restored in 2025. It was promoted from town (vila) to city (cidade) status on 12 June 2009.  It lies just north of the Porto city limits and is densely populated.  It is a major suburban habitational area with many houses and some commerce.

Senhora da Hora is very developed and is well connected by road, bus and Porto Metro to the nearby cities of Matosinhos, São Mamede de Infesta, Porto, Maia, Vila do Conde, the Porto Airport (OPO), and the port of Leixões all north of the Douro river.  The large developed town of Águas Santas is also in Grande Porto.

Grande Porto
Grande Porto (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈɡɾɐ̃dɨ ˈpoɾtu]) or Greater Porto is a former Portuguese NUTS3 subregion, integrating the NUTS2 region of Norte, in Portugal. It was abolished at the January 2015 NUTS 3 revision.

It corresponded to 11 municipalities out of 16, the other 5 in Entre Douro e Vouga Subregion that constitute the larger Greater Metropolitan Area of Porto, centered in the city of Porto. With a population of 2,181,805 inhabitants (INE 2011) and an area of 817 km2. Highly industrialized, it is along with the neighbouring subregions the main source of the Portuguese exports and home to one of the busiest Portuguese harbours, located in Leixões. Grande Porto serves as the commercial, educational, cultural and economical centre of northern Portugal.

It covers an area of 817 km2 for a density of 2056 hab/km2
Wilhelm Voigt
Friedrich Wilhelm Voigt (German pronunciation: [ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈvɪlhɛlm ˈfoːkt]; 13 February 1849 – 3 January 1922) was a German con man and impostor. In his most famous exploit, Voigt masqueraded as a military officer of the elite Prussian Guards in 1906, rounding up a number of Imperial German Army soldiers under his command, arresting the Mayor of Köpenick, and confiscating  4,002 marks from the city treasury. Voigt then changed back into civilian clothing and disappeared with the money. The case was exploited for British propaganda about German militarism, but the German people overwhelmingly considered Voigt's exploit to be both clever and hilarious. Although Voigt was soon caught and served 20 months in prison, he became a folk hero as "the Captain of Köpenick" (German: der Hauptmann von Köpenick [ˈhaʊptman fɔn ˈkøːpənɪk] ⓘ) and was granted a full pardon by Kaiser Wilhelm II.

Folk hero
A folk hero or national hero is a type of hero – real, fictional or mythological – with their name, personality and deeds embedded in the popular consciousness of a people, mentioned frequently in folk songs, folk tales and other folklore; and with modern trope status in literature, art and films.
Mount Niles
Mount Niles is a 2,967-metre (9,734-foot) summit located in the Waputik Range of Yoho National Park, in the Canadian Rockies of British Columbia, Canada. The nearest higher peak is Mount Daly, 1.63 km (1.01 mi) to the immediate northeast. Takakkaw Falls is situated four km to the west, the Waputik Icefield lies to the north, and Sherbrooke Lake lies to the south. Precipitation runoff from Mount Niles drains into the Yoho River and Niles Creek, both tributaries of the Kicking Horse River. Topographic relief is significant as the summit rises approximately 1,500 meters (4,920 feet) above Yoho Valley in four kilometers (2.5 mile).

Terrain
Terrain (from Latin  terra 'earth'), alternatively relief or topographical relief, is the dimension and shape of a given surface of a land. In physical geography, terrain is the lay of the land. This is usually expressed in terms of the elevation, slope, and orientation of terrain features. Terrain affects surface water flow and distribution. Over a large area, it can affect weather and climate patterns. Bathymetry is the study of underwater relief, while hypsometry studies terrain relative to sea level.
Hyloxalus arliensis
Hyloxalus arliensis is a species of frog in the family Dendrobatidae. It is endemic to Colombia.

Scientists observed this frog in the Andes Mountains, between 565 and 1200  meters above sea level in Colombia's Cordillera Central and Cordillera Occidental.

Cordillera Occidental (Colombia)
The Cordillera Occidental (English: Western Ranges) is the lowest in elevation of the three branches of the Colombian Andes.  The average altitude is 2,000 m (6,600 ft) and the highest peak is Cerro Tatamá at 4,100 m (13,500 ft).  The range extends from south to north diverging from the Colombian Massif in Nariño Department, passes north through Cauca, Valle del Cauca, Risaralda, Chocó, and Caldas Departments to the Paramillo Massif in Antioquia and Córdoba Departments. The cordillera is paralleled on the east by the Cauca river. From this massif the range divides further to form the Serranías de Ayapel, San Jerónimo and Abibe, receding into the Caribbean plain and the Sinú River valley.

It is a direct continuation of the Cordillera Occidental of Ecuador.
Chiara Consonni
Chiara Consonni (born 24 June 1999) is an Italian racing cyclist, who as of 2025 rides for UCI Women's World Team Canyon//SRAM zondacrypto. She rode for Valcar–PBM in the women's team time trial event at the 2018 UCI Road World Championships.

Her older brother, Simone Consonni, is also a professional cyclist.

2018 UCI Road World Championships
The 2018 UCI Road World Championships were held in Innsbruck, Austria. It was the 91st UCI Road World Championships and the third to be held in Austria.

The World Championships consisted of a total of twelve competitions, one road race, one team time trial and one individual time trial for men and women, as well as one road race and one individual time trial for U23 riders and juniors. The Tour de Suisse organisers were responsible for the operational organisation of the races. The competitions were very demanding: the 265-kilometre men's road race had nine climbs with around 5000 metres of altitude difference. Because of the many climbs, some sprinters did not participate in the World Championships because they saw no prospect of success for themselves. It was the last edition to feature a team time trial for UCI trade teams. From 2019 onwards it will be replaced by a mixed team time trial for national teams.
Ralph Huffman
Donald Ralph "Red" Huffman Sr. (May 13, 1915 – May 7, 1979) was an American football and track and field coach. He was the 12th head football coach at the Fort Hays State University in Hays, Kansas, serving for ten seasons, from 1946 to 1955, and compiling a record of 41–37–10.

Hays, Kansas
Hays is a city in and the county seat of Ellis County, Kansas, United States. The most populous city in northwestern Kansas, it is the economic and cultural center of the region.  As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 21,116.  Hays is home to Fort Hays State University.
Sloman Glacier
Sloman Glacier (67°41′S 68°33′W﻿ / ﻿67.683°S 68.550°W﻿ / -67.683; -68.550) is a glacier flowing between Mount Liotard and Mount Ditte to the southeast coast of Adelaide Island. Named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) in 1963 for William O. Sloman, British Antarctic Survey Personnel Officer for a number of years beginning in 1956.

British Antarctic Survey
The British Antarctic Survey (BAS) is the United Kingdom's national polar research institute. It has a dual purpose, to conduct polar science, enabling better understanding of global issues, and to provide an active presence in the Antarctic on behalf of the UK. It is part of the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC). With over 400 staff, BAS takes an active role in Antarctic affairs, operating five research stations, one ship and five aircraft in both polar regions, as well as addressing key global and regional issues. This involves joint research projects with over 40 UK universities and more than 120 national and international collaborations.

Having taken shape from activities during World War II, it was known as the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey until 1962.
Holy Cross Priory, Cross-in-Hand
Holy Cross Priory, Cross-in-Hand, is a priory of the Benedictine Sisters of Grace and Compassion which provides homes for the elderly. It was established in 1964 at a large country house in Cross-in-Hand, East Sussex previously known as Possingworth Park, which was renamed as Holy Cross Priory.

It now provides supported living and a residential care home.

Priory
A priory is a monastery of men or women under religious vows that is headed by a prior or prioress. They are found in the Catholic Church, Lutheran Churches, and Anglican Communion. Priories may be monastic houses of monks or nuns (such as the Benedictines, the Cistercians, or the Charterhouses). Houses of canons & canonesses regular also use this term, the alternative being canonry. Mendicant houses, of friars, nuns, or tertiary sisters (such as the Friars Preachers, Augustinian Hermits, and Carmelites) also exclusively use this term.

In pre-Reformation England, if an abbey church was raised to cathedral status, the abbey became a cathedral priory. The bishop, in effect, took the place of the abbot, and the monastery itself was headed by a prior.
Barpetia dialect
Barpetia dialect (native: borpeita) is a modern regional subdialect of Kamrupi, a dialect of the Assamese language.  Named after the current Barpeta district of Assam, it is the westernmost of the Kamrupi group of dialects.  This dialect has community variations within itself.

Subdialect
Subdialect (from Latin sub-, "under", and Ancient Greek διάλεκτος, diálektos, "discourse") is a linguistic term designating a dialectological category between the levels of dialect and idiolect. Subdialects are basic subdivisions of a dialect. Subdialects can be divided further, ultimately down to idiolects. Subdialects of one dialect are generally quite close to each other, differing mainly in pronunciation and certain local words.
John Burkel
John Burkel (born April 6, 1967) is an American politician serving in the Minnesota House of Representatives since 2021. A member of the Republican Party of Minnesota, Burkel represents District 1A in northwest Minnesota, which includes the city of Thief River Falls and parts of Kittson, Roseau, Marshall, and Pennington Counties.

Kittson County, Minnesota
Kittson County is a county in the northwestern corner of the U.S. state of Minnesota along the Canada–US border, south of the Canadian province of Manitoba. As of the 2020 census, the population was 4,207. Its county seat is Hallock.
Aplin, Arkansas
Aplin is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Perry County, Arkansas, United States. It was first listed as a CDP in the 2020 census with a population of 100. The community is located along Arkansas Highway 60, 10.3 miles (16.6 km) west-southwest of Perryville.

Arkansas Highway 60
Arkansas Highway 60 (AR 60, Ark. 60, Hwy. 60) is a state highway that exists in five separate sections in Arkansas. The longest and most well-known segment of 54.19 miles (87.21 km) runs from Highway 28 in Plainview east to U.S. Route 65B (US 65B) in Conway. A segment in western Logan County of 2.64 miles (4.25 km) begins at the Old Highway 10 at the Sebastian County line and runs east to Highway 10. A third segment of 10.80 miles (17.38 km) begins at Highway 252 near Lavaca and runs east to Highway 41 at Peter Pender. A fourth segment runs 1.34 miles (2.16 km) from US 64 and runs across Interstate 40/Interstate 540 (I-40/I-540) to Highway 282. A fifth route of 2.34 miles (3.77 km) begins at Highway 282 near Rudy and runs north to County Road 23 (CR 23).
Stobrawa, Opole Voivodeship
Stobrawa [stɔˈbrava] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Popielów, within Opole County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.

The village lies on the Stobrawa river, within the protected area called Stobrawa Landscape Park.

Opole County, Opole Voivodeship
Opole County (Polish: powiat opolski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Opole Voivodeship, south-western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Opole, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The county contains four towns: Ozimek, 20 km (12 mi) east of Opole, Niemodlin, 24 km (15 mi) west of Opole, Prószków, 11 km (7 mi) south-west of Opole, and Tułowice, 22 kilometres (14 mi) south-west of Opole.

The county covers an area of 1,586.82 square kilometres (612.7 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 123,487, out of which the population of Ozimek is 8,657, that of Niemodlin is 6,315, that of Tułowice is 4,011, that of Prószków is 2,570, and the rural population is 101,934.
Australia and weapons of mass destruction
Australia does not possess weapons of mass destruction, although it has participated in extensive research into nuclear, biological and chemical weapons in the past.

Australia chairs the Australia Group, an informal grouping of countries that seek to minimise the risk of assisting chemical and biological weapon proliferation. All states participating in the Australia Group are parties to the Chemical Weapons Convention and the Biological Weapons Convention, and strongly support efforts under those Conventions to rid the world of chemical and biological weapons.

As with chemical and biological weapons, Australia does not possess nuclear weapons and is not seeking to develop them.

Chemical warfare
Chemical warfare (CW) involves using the toxic properties of chemical substances as weapons. This type of warfare is distinct from nuclear warfare, biological warfare and radiological warfare, which together make up CBRN, the military acronym for chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (warfare or weapons), all of which are considered "weapons of mass destruction" (WMDs), a term that contrasts with conventional weapons.

The use of chemical weapons in international armed conflicts is prohibited under international humanitarian law by the 1925 Geneva Protocol and the Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907. The 1993 Chemical Weapons Convention prohibits signatories from acquiring, stockpiling, developing, and using chemical weapons in all circumstances except for very limited purposes (research, medical, pharmaceutical or protective).
Tiyu Xilu station
Tiyu Xilu Station (simplified Chinese: 体育西路站; traditional Chinese: 體育西路站; Jyutping: tai2 juk6 sai1 lou6 zaam6; Cantonese Yale: Táiyuhk Sāilouh Jaahm; lit. 'Sports (Center) West Road station') is an interchange station between Line 1 and Line 3 of the Guangzhou Metro. It started operations on 28 June 1999 (for Line 1) and 26 December 2005 (for Line 3). It is situated under Tiyu Road West (体育西路) and Tianhe 1st South Road (天河南一路) in the Tianhe District of Guangzhou. It is near Teemall (天河城广场) and Guangzhou Books Center (广州购书中心), which makes it one of the busiest metro stations in Guangzhou.

The station was designated as busiest in the country by a fair margin with 1,252,064 passengers per day in 2017.

Interchange station
An interchange station or a transfer station is a train station for more than one railway route in a public transport system that allows passengers to change from one route to another, often without having to leave a station or pay an additional fare.

Transfer may occur within the same mode, or between rail modes, or to buses (for stations with bus termini attached). Such stations usually have more platforms than single route stations. These stations can exist in either commercial centers or on the city outskirts in residential areas. Cities typically plan for land use around interchange stations for development. Passengers may be required to pay extra fare for the interchange if they leave a paid area.