hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hari Singh
Sir Hari Singh Bahadur GCSI GCIE GCVO (September 1895 – 26 April 1961) was the last ruling Maharaja of the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir of the Dogra dynasty.

Hari Singh was the son of Amar Singh and Bhotiali Chib. In 1923, following his uncle's death, Singh became the new Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir. After Indian Independence in 1947, Singh wanted Jammu and Kashmir to remain as an independent kingdom. He acceded to the Dominion of India to get the support of Indian troops against an invasion by tribal armed men and the Pakistan Army into his state. Singh remained the titular Maharaja of the state until 1952, when the monarchy was abolished by the Indian government. After spending his final days in Bombay, he died on 26 April 1961.

Singh was a controversial ruler. He faced an agitation in Kashmir in 1931 and successful rebellions in Poonch and Gilgit-Baltistan in 1947. He was  complicit in the 1947 Jammu massacres.

1947 Gilgit rebellion
In November 1947, the paramilitary force of Gilgit Scouts stationed at Gilgit rebelled against the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir, soon after it acceded to the Indian Union. Under the command of a British officer Major William Brown, they executed a coup d'etat, overthrew the governor Ghansara Singh, and imprisoned him. The Muslim troops of Jammu and Kashmir State Forces stationed at Bunji joined in the rebellion, under the command of Captain Mirza Hassan Khan, imprisoned their own commander Colonel Abdul Majid and eliminated the non-Muslim troops. A provisional government was declared under a local chief Shah Rais Khan, which lasted for about two weeks. On 16 November, a Pakistani political agent Khan Mohammad Alam Khan arrived and took over the administration.
The Real Housewives of Potomac season 9
The ninth season of The Real Housewives of Potomac, an American reality television series, was broadcast on Bravo. It premiered on October 6, 2024, and concluded on March 2, 2025. It was primarily filmed in Potomac, Maryland. The season's executive producers were Steven Weinstock, Glenda Hersh, Lauren Eskelin, Lorraine Haughton-Lawson, Nora Devin Zimmerman, Leola Westbrook-Lawrence and Andy Cohen.

The season focuses on the personal and professional lives of Gizelle Bryant, Ashley Darby, Karen Huger, Wendy Osefo, Mia Thornton, Stacey Rusch and Keiarna Stewart, with Jacqueline Blake and Jassi Rideaux appearing as friends of the housewives.

This season marked the first departure of original Housewife Karen Huger following her 2025 sentencing for her DUI crash in the previous year. She eventually returned for Season 11th  It also marked the final appearance of Mia Thornton.

Potomac, Maryland
Potomac (/pəˈtoʊmək/ ⓘ) is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Montgomery County, Maryland, United States. As of the 2020 census, it had a population of 47,018. It is named after the nearby Potomac River. A part of the Washington metropolitan area, many Potomac residents work in nearby Washington, D.C., and Northern Virginia.
Anibal Lopez
Anibal Lopez (born August 24, 1942) is an American bodybuilder. He was born in Río Piedras, Puerto Rico, to Francisco and Francisca Lopez. His family relocated to Bronx, New York, in 1954 where he attended Public School 66, Herman Ridder Junior High School (Public School 98), and Christopher Columbus High School (Bronx).

Christopher Columbus High School (Bronx)
Christopher Columbus High School is a public secondary school located in the Pelham Parkway section of the Bronx, New York City.  It is within walking distance from the Bronx Zoo and the New York Botanical Garden.

It currently enrolls over 2000 students in grades 9 through 12. The student body is diverse, with students whose families come from 66 countries.
Mad Grey Dawn
"Mad Grey Dawn" is the fifteenth episode of the second season, and 37th episode overall from the Fox series Gotham. The episode was written by Robert Hull and directed by Nick Copus. It was first broadcast on March 21, 2016. In the episode, Gordon and Bullock investigate a pair of clues in a museum, unaware that Edward Nygma is the perpetrator. Meanwhile, Bruce continues living in the streets with Selina and Cobblepot meets a man who knew about his mother.

The episode was watched by 3.89 million viewers, both a season and series low, but received positive reviews with Ben McKenzie and Michael Chiklis' performances praised, especially during the interrogation scene as well as Nygma's character development.

Clare Foley
Clare Foley is an American actress. She is known for playing the roles of Ruby Taylor in Do No Harm, Ashley in Sinister, a young version of Piper in Orange Is the New Black and Ivy Pepper, a version of Pamela Isley in the first two seasons of Gotham appearing in a cameo role in the show's third season to pass the role to actress Maggie Geha.
1879 Louisiana gubernatorial election
The 1879 Louisiana gubernatorial election was the first election to take place under the Louisiana Constitution of 1879. As a result of this election Louis A. Wiltz became Governor of Louisiana. The election saw widespread intimidation of African Americans which guaranteed the election of the Democratic nominee.

Constitution of Louisiana
The Louisiana Constitution is legally named the Constitution of the State of Louisiana and commonly called the Louisiana Constitution of 1974, and the Constitution of 1974. The constitution is the cornerstone of the law of Louisiana ensuring the rights of individuals, describing the distribution and power of state officials and local government, establishes the state and city civil service systems, creates and defines the operation of a state lottery, and the manner of revising the constitution.

Louisiana's constitution  was adopted (adopted in Convention) during the Constitutional Convention in 1974, ratified by the voters of the state on April 20, 1974, and became effective on January 1, 1975.
Parachute Band (military band)
The Parachute Band (French: Musique des Parachutistes) is a Toulouse-based military band of the French Army. It is stationed in the Balma District of Toulouse. Composed of 55 musicians, in consists of all professional musicians under a chief music director (currently Philippe Ballada). Its field of action represents 20 departments across the Aquitaine, Midi-Pyrénées, Limousin and Poitou-Charentes regions. It is administratively attached to the 11th Parachute Brigade.

Balma
Balma (French pronunciation: [balma]; Occitan: Balmar) is a commune in the Haute-Garonne department in southwestern France. It is east of Toulouse.

The name of the town comes from the old Provençal word meaning "cave" or "grotto".
Dilşat Yıldız
Dilşat Yıldız (born 29 September 1996) is a Turkish female curler from Erzurum. She currently skips the Turkish National Women's Curling Team. She is the first ever Turkish curler to skip a men's or women's team at the World Championship, competing in the 2022 World Women's Curling Championship.

Skip (curling)
In the sport of curling, the skip is the captain of a team. The skip determines strategy, and holds the broom in the house (target area) to indicate where a teammate at the other end of the curling sheet (playing area) should aim the stone. The skip usually throws the last two stones in the fourth position, but may play in any other position.

Sometimes "skipper" is used; it can also be abbreviated as "S". It's also used as a verb ("skips", "skipped", "skipping").

It is conventional to identify a team by the name of the skip.
Święte Laski
Święte Laski (Polish pronunciation: [ˈɕfjɛntɛ ˈlaskʲi]) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Maków, within Skierniewice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) west of Maków, 12 km (7 mi) west of Skierniewice, and 39 km (24 mi) north-east of the regional capital Łódź.

Skierniewice County
Skierniewice County (Polish: powiat skierniewicki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Skierniewice, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county); there are no towns within the county.

The county covers an area of 756.12 square kilometres (291.9 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 37,779.
Differential ideal
In the theory of differential forms, a differential ideal I is an algebraic ideal in the ring of smooth differential forms on a smooth manifold, in other words a graded ideal in the sense of ring theory, that is further closed under exterior differentiation d, meaning that for any form α in I, the exterior derivative dα is also in I.

In the theory of differential algebra, a differential ideal I in a differential ring R is an ideal which is mapped to itself by each differential operator.

Phillip Griffiths
Phillip Augustus Griffiths IV (born October 18, 1938) is an American mathematician, known for his work in the field of geometry, and in particular for the complex manifold approach to algebraic geometry. He is a major developer in particular of the theory of variation of Hodge structure in Hodge theory and moduli theory, which forms part of transcendental algebraic geometry and which also touches upon major and distant areas of differential geometry. He also worked on partial differential equations, coauthored with Shiing-Shen Chern, Robert Bryant and Robert Gardner on Exterior Differential Systems.
Alexander Javakhishvili
Alexander Nikolayevich Javakhishvili (Georgian: ალექსანდრე ნიკოლოზის ძე ჯავახიშვილი;) born 17 August 1875, in Gori, Georgia – died January 22, 1973, Tbilisi, Georgia) was a Soviet and Georgian geographer and anthropologist.

Professor A. N. Javakhishvili was one of the oldest geographers and anthropologists in the Soviet Union. He was the founder of Soviet Georgian geography which, under him, developed into a school.
His qualifications and awards include Doctor of Sciences (1937), recognition as an Academician of the Georgian Academy of Sciences (1944), a Merited Scientist, an honorary member of the USSR Geographic Society, and winner of a State Prize of the Georgian SSR.

Academician
An academician is a full member of an artistic, literary, engineering, or scientific academy. In many countries, it is an honorific title used to denote a full member of an academy that has a strong influence on national scientific life.

Accordingly, within systems such as the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, the title grants privileges and administrative responsibilities for funding allocation and research priorities.
Lighthouse Café
The Lighthouse Café is a nightclub located at 30 Pier Avenue in Hermosa Beach, California. It has been active as a jazz showcase since 1949 and, under the name "The Lighthouse", was one of the best known West Coast jazz clubs from the 1950s through the late 1970s. In addition to jazz, reggae to rock - among other genres of music - are performed at the venue, including bookings of local artists such as Jett Prescott and George Stanford.

Cal Tjader
Callen Radcliffe Tjader Jr. (/ˈdʒeɪdər/ JAY-dər; July 16, 1925 – May 5, 1982) was an American Latin Jazz musician, often described as the most successful non-Latino Latin musician. He explored other jazz idioms, especially small group modern jazz, even as he continued to perform the music of Africa, the Caribbean, and Latin America.

Although his main instrument was the vibraphone, Tjader was also accomplished on the drums, bongos, congas, timbales, and the piano. He worked with many musicians from several cultures. He is often linked to the development of Latin rock and acid jazz. Although the fusion of Jazz with Latin music is often pigeonholed as "Latin Jazz", Tjader's works swung freely between both styles. His Grammy award in 1980 for his album La Onda Va Bien capped off a career that spanned over 40 years.
Izatha balanophora
Izatha balanophora is a moth of the family Oecophoridae. It is endemic to New Zealand, where it is widespread in the North Island. Larvae live off the dead bark of kānuka. The adult moths are on the wing during December to March. This species only occasionally comes to light.

Oecophoridae
Oecophoridae (concealer moths) is a family of small moths in the superfamily Gelechioidea. The phylogeny and systematics of gelechoid moths are still not fully resolved, and the circumscription of the Oecophoridae is strongly affected by this.
Pseudomonas teessidea
Pseudomonas teessidea is a species of Pseudomonas bacteria which was first discovered in the North of England. The specific epithet teessidea was given by a microbiologist at Teesside University. This bacterium has unique properties developed in response to the contaminated soil from which it comes. It produces rhamnolipids, which are biosurfactants which detoxify oil and chemicals contaminants in the ground. Surfactants work by reducing surface tension between two liquids or a liquid and a solid.

Pseudomonas teessidea has been isolated from Ekoln, lake Mälaren, in Sweden.

Rhamnolipid
Rhamnolipids are a class of glycolipid produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, amongst other organisms, frequently cited as bacterial surfactants. They have a glycosyl head group, in this case a rhamnose moiety, and a 3-(hydroxyalkanoyloxy)alkanoic acid (HAA) fatty acid tail, such as 3-hydroxydecanoic acid.

Specifically there are two main classes of rhamnolipids: mono-rhamnolipids and di-rhamnolipids, which consist of one or two rhamnose groups respectively. Rhamnolipids are also heterogeneous in the length and degree of branching of the HAA moiety, which varies with the growth media used and the environmental conditions.
Golden Boughs Retirement Village
The Golden Boughs Retirement Village is a fictional prison masquerading as a retirement home for fables in the Fables spin-off Jack of Fables. It is run by a man called himself Mr. Revise. The name is an explicit reference to The Golden Bough, a lengthy study in the comparative mythology, religion and folklore of hundreds of cultures, from aboriginal and extinct cultures to 19th-century faiths.

Fable
Fable is a literary genre defined as a succinct fictional story, in prose or verse, that features animals, legendary creatures, plants, inanimate objects, or forces of nature that are anthropomorphised, and that illustrates or leads to a particular moral lesson, which may at the end be added explicitly as a concise maxim or saying.

A fable differs from a parable in that the latter excludes animals, plants, inanimate objects, and forces of nature as actors that assume speech or other powers of humankind. Conversely, an animal tale specifically includes talking animals as characters.

Usage has not always been so clearly distinguished. In the King James Version of the New Testament, "μῦθος" ("mythos") was rendered by the translators as "fable" in the First Epistle to Timothy, the Second Epistle to Timothy, the Epistle to Titus and the First Epistle of Peter.
Belayet Hossain
Belayet Hossain (Bengali: বেলায়েত হোসেন, died 14 November 1971) was a heroic Freedom Fighter of the Bangladesh Liberation War. For his bravery in the war of independence, the government of Bangladesh awarded him the title of Bir Uttam.

Freedom fighter
A freedom fighter is a person engaged in a struggle to achieve political freedom, particularly against an established government. The term is typically reserved for those who are actively involved in armed or otherwise violent rebellion.
Culture of Haiti
The Culture of Haiti is a creolized blend of African, European and Taino elements due to the French colonization of Amerindian land (which was then renamed Saint-Domingue), in conjunction with the large diverse enslaved African population who had later freed themselves by a successful revolt. These attributions have largely influenced the art, cuisine, literature, music, religion as well as the languages of Haiti.

Haitian cuisine
Haitian cuisine is a Creole cuisine that originates from a blend of several culinary styles that populated the western portion of the island of Hispaniola, namely African, French, indigenous Taíno, Spanish, and Arab influences. Haitian cuisine has some similarities with  "criollo" (Spanish for 'creole') cooking and similar to other Caribbean cuisine, but differs in several ways from its regional counterparts. Flavors are bold and spicy, demonstrating African and French influences, with notable derivatives coming from native Taíno and Spanish techniques.

Levantine influences have made their way into the mainstream culture, due to an Arab migration over the years forming a community of shared Arab descent. Years of adaptation have led to these cuisines to merge into Haitian cuisine.
Municipal Borough of Pudsey
Pudsey was a local government district in the West Riding of Yorkshire from 1872 to 1974 established around the town of Pudsey, covering Farsley, Calverley, and parts of Stanningley,  Swinnow and Rodley.

A local board formed for the parish of Pudsey in 1872. It became an urban district in 1894 and gained the status of municipal borough in 1900.

In 1937 it absorbed Calverley Urban District (2106 acres) and Farsley Urban District (821 acres).

It was abolished in 1974 and its former area became part of the City of Leeds, a metropolitan borough of West Yorkshire.

Municipal borough
A municipal borough was a type of local government district which existed in England and Wales between 1836 and 1974, in Northern Ireland from 1840 to 1973 and in the Republic of Ireland from 1840 to 2002. Broadly similar structures existed in Scotland from 1833 to 1975 with the reform of royal burghs and creation of police burghs.
Jacques-Cartier, Sherbrooke
Jacques-Cartier (French pronunciation: [ʒak kaʁtje]) is an arrondissement, or borough, of the city of Sherbrooke, Quebec. The borough comprises the portion of pre-amalgamation Sherbrooke located north of the Magog River. It contains the Carrefour de l'Estrie shopping centre and the Bois Beckett Park, one of few old-growth forests in the region.

The borough had a population of 32,555 in 2009.

Magog River
The Magog River, or Sekosonotek in Abenaki, is a river that drains Lake Memphremagog. It is a small river running through the territories of the cities of Magog and Sherbrooke, in the administrative region of Estrie, in Quebec, in Canada. It runs along a southwest–northeast axis. Having its source in Lake Memphremagog, it crosses Lake Magog and empties into Saint-François River, in the city center of Sherbrooke.

The cities of Sherbrooke and Magog, Quebec lie on the Magog River.

Engineers from the Université de Sherbrooke have constructed a plastic bridge on the river.
Maxxie and Anwar
"Maxxie and Anwar" is the sixth episode of the first series of the British teen drama Skins. It was written by Simon Amstell and Ben Schiffer and was directed by Chris Clough. It first aired on E4 on 1 March 2007. It is told from the points of view of main characters Maxxie Oliver and Anwar Kharral.

Skins series 1
Skins is a British teen drama created by father-and-son television writers Bryan Elsley and Jamie Brittain for Company Pictures. The first series began airing on E4 on 25 January 2007 and ended on 22 March 2007. This series sees the introduction of a new cast; it follows the lives of the first generation of sixth form students Tony Stonem, Michelle Richardson, Sid Jenkins, Cassie Ainsworth, Chris Miles, Jal Fazer, Maxxie Oliver and Anwar Kharral.
6 Boötis
6 Boötis is a binary star system in the northern constellation of Boötes, located around 460 light years away from the Sun. It has the Bayer designation e Boötis; 6 Boötis is the Flamsteed designation. The system is visible to the naked eye as a faint, orange-hued star with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.92. It is moving closer to the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of −3 km/s.

This is a single-lined spectroscopic binary system with an orbital period of 2.58 years and an eccentricity of 0.4. The visible component is an evolved giant star with a stellar classification of K4 III. Its measured angular diameter is 2.53±0.12 mas. At the estimated distance of the star, this yields a physical size of about 38 times the radius of the Sun. The star is radiating 430 times the luminosity of the Sun from its enlarged photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,050 K. Its companion is probably a low mass red dwarf of around class M8 V.

Giant star
A giant star has a substantially larger radius and luminosity than a main-sequence (or dwarf) star of the same surface temperature. They lie above the main sequence (luminosity class V in the Yerkes spectral classification) on the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram and correspond to luminosity classes II and III. The terms giant and dwarf were coined for stars of quite different luminosity despite similar temperature or spectral type (namely K and M) by Ejnar Hertzsprung in 1905 or 1906.

Giant stars have radii up to a few hundred times the Sun and luminosities over 10  times that of the Sun. Stars still more luminous than giants are referred to as supergiants and hypergiants.

A hot, luminous main-sequence star may also be referred to as a giant, but any main-sequence star is properly called a dwarf, regardless of how large and luminous it is.
Petroglyph Canyon
Petroglyph Canyon (24CB601) is an archaeologically significant canyon in the northwestern United States.  Located on both sides of the border between Montana and Wyoming, the canyon has long been obscure due to its small size.  However, it gained substantial attention in the late 20th century because of its numerous prehistoric petroglyphs, and much of it was named a historic site in the 1970s.

Public Land Survey System
The Public Land Survey System (PLSS) is the surveying method developed and used in the United States to plat, or divide, real property for sale and settling. Also known as the Rectangular Survey System, it was created by the Land Ordinance of 1785 to survey land ceded to the United States by the Treaty of Paris in 1783, following the end of the American Revolution. Beginning with the Seven Ranges in present-day Ohio, the PLSS has been used as the primary survey method in the United States. Following the passage of the Northwest Ordinance in 1787, the Surveyor General of the Northwest Territory platted lands in the Northwest Territory. The Surveyor General was later merged with the United States General Land Office, which later became a part of the U.S. Bureau of Land Management (BLM). Today, the BLM controls the survey, sale, and settling of lands acquired by the United States.
Ministries of the Ottoman Empire
This is a list of ministries of the Ottoman Empire. Each ministry was headed by a minister, appointed by the head of cabinet, the Grand Vizier. The Grand Vizier would gradually gain equivalent Prime ministerial powers during the Tanzimat, First Constitutional, and Second Constitutional Eras. He was appointed by the Sultan, who had presidential powers.

Grand Vizier (Prime Minister)

Ministry of the Cadastre

Ministry of Documents

Ministry of Education

Ministry of Evkaf

Ministry of Finance

Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Ministry of the Gendarmerie

Ministry of the Interior

Ministry of Justice

Ministry of the Marine

Ministry of the Private Treasury

Ministry of Post and Telegraph

Ministry of Public Works

Ministry of Trade and Agriculture

Ministry of War

Ministry of Justice (Ottoman Empire)
The Ministry of Justice (Ottoman Turkish: عدليه نظارتی; Turkish: Adliyye Nezâreti) was the justice ministry of the Ottoman Empire, based in Constantinople (now Istanbul). It also served as the Ministry of Religions.

It was established in 1879 as part of a reorganisation of the empire's legal system. Non-Muslim ecclesiastical authorities relied on the ministry. The ministry took control of the commercial courts and commercial appeal courts from the Ministry of Commerce.