hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1974 Tamil conference incident
The 1974 Tamil conference incident occurred during the fourth World Tamil Research Conference, which was held in the city of Jaffna between 3 and 9 January 1974. Sri Lankan Police disrupted the meeting with force, killing nine or eleven people, and resulting in substantial civilian property damage and more than 50 civilians sustaining severe injuries.

Sri Lanka Freedom Party
The Sri Lanka Freedom Party (SLFP; Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකා නිදහස් පක්ෂය, romanised: Śrī Laṁkā Nidahas Pakṣaya; Tamil: இலங்கை சுதந்திரக் கட்சி, romanised: Ilaṅkai Cutantirak Kaṭci) is a centre-left political party in Sri Lanka. Founded by S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike in 1951, the party was one of Sri Lanka's two main parties from the 1950s to the 2010s, serving as the main rival of the centre-right United National Party. Following a split in the late 2010s and subsequent electoral losses, the influence of the party has since diminished.

The party is generally considered as having a democratic socialist or progressive economic agenda and is often associated with Sinhalese nationalist parties. The party follows a non-aligned foreign policy but has historically had close ties to socialist nations.
Qurbān-ʻAlī Khālidī
Qurbān-ʻAlī Khālidī (Kazakh: Халиди Құрбанғали, Halidi Qūrbanğali; Russian: Курбангали Халиди, 1846–1913) was a Kazakh historian, focusing mainly on the history of the eastern Kazakh steppe. His works are important sources for the history of Kazakhstan and Xinjiang.

Khālidī was born in Ayagoz, Kazakhstan, to a Chala Kazakh family, though he referred to himself as a "Noghay" - a Volga-Ural Muslim, or Tartar, as his father was a native of the Kazan area. His mother was a native of Ayagoz. He studied in several madrasas, first in his hometown of Ayagoz, then in Semipalatinsk, Lepsi, and Bukhara. By 1871 he attained the rank of imam, and by 1874 was the imam of a mosque in Tacheng.

Khālidī's writings utilize several Turkic languages, including Tatar, Ottoman Turkish, Chagatai, and vernacular Kazakh. As such, studying and translating his works can be difficult for even experienced scholars.

Chagatai language
Chagatai (چغتای, Čaġatāy), also known as Turki, Eastern Turkic, or Chagatai Turkic (Čaġatāy türkīsi), is a Turkic language that was once widely spoken across Central Asia. It remained the shared literary language in the region until the early 20th century. It was used across a wide geographic area including western or Russian Turkestan (i.e. parts of modern-day Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan), Eastern Turkestan (where a dialect, known as Kaşğar tılı, developed), Crimea, the Volga region (such as Tatarstan and Bashkortostan), etc. Chagatai is the direct ancestor of the Uzbek and Uyghur languages. Kazakh and Turkmen, which are not within the Karluk branch but are in the Kipchak and Oghuz branches of the Turkic languages respectively, were nonetheless heavily influenced by Chagatai for centuries.

Ali-Shir Nava'i was the greatest representative of Chagatai literature.
Corchiano
Corchiano is a town and comune in the province of Viterbo, Lazio, central Italy. It was an ancient settlement of the Faliscans and, in the Renaissance and later, a fief of the Farnese family.

The local produce is hazelnuts and wine. Annual sagre include a live re-enactment of the birth of Jesus performed during Advent.

In the summer, a park not far from the centre of the village stays open very late, and the town has several restaurants.

House of Farnese
The House of Farnese (/fɑːrˈneɪzi, -zeɪ/, also US: /-eɪsi/, Italian: [farˈneːze, -eːse]) was an influential family in Renaissance Italy. The titles of Duke of Parma and Piacenza, Duke of Latera and Duke of Castro were held by various members of the family.

Its most important members included Pope Paul III, Alessandro Farnese (a cardinal), Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma and Piacenza (a military commander and Governor of the Spanish Netherlands), and Elisabeth Farnese, who became Queen of Spain and whose legacy was brought to her Bourbon descendants.

A number of important architectural works and antiquities are associated with the Farnese family, either through construction or acquisition. Buildings include the Palazzo Farnese in Rome and the Villa Farnese at Caprarola, and ancient artifacts include the Farnese Marbles.
Harasgna, California
Harasgna is a former Tongva-Gabrieleño Native American settlement in Los Angeles County, California.

It was listed as one of twenty seven rancherias, as the Spanish referred to them, or villages in the records of Mission San Gabriel, along with numerous other villages, alphabetically between Hahamongna and Houtgna.

Quoting Reid, an earlier writer, Hubert Howe Bancroft records the name of San Clemente Island as Harasgna and the inhabitants as "Kinkipar." Gustav Eisen wrote in 1915, "the Indians on the island were known as 'Kinkapar' and the island itself as Harasgna."

Gustav Eisen
Gustavus Augustus Eisen (August 2, 1847 − October 29, 1940) was a Swedish-American polymath. He became a member of California Academy of Sciences in 1874 and a Life Member in 1883.  In 1893, he became the 'Curator of Archaeology, Ethnology, and Lower Animals' at the academy.  He later changed titles to 'Curator of Marine Invertebrates'. In 1938, he was appointed as an 'Honorary Member', which is considered the highest honor from the academy.
Pete Cipollone
Peter M. "Pete" Cipollone (born February 5, 1971) is an American rowing coxswain of the 2004 Olympic gold medal-winning U.S. men's eight rowing team.  He is a native of Ardmore, Pennsylvania, and attended Saint Joseph's Preparatory School in Philadelphia and the University of California, Berkeley.  Cipollone won World Championships in the heavyweight men's eight in 1997, 1998, and 1999.

Ardmore, Pennsylvania
Ardmore is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) spanning the border between Delaware and Montgomery counties in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. The population was 12,455 at the time of the 2010 census and had risen to 13,566 in the 2020 census.

Ardmore is a suburb on the west side of Philadelphia within Lower Merion Township in Montgomery County and Haverford Township in Delaware County.
1956 French Championships – Men's doubles
The 1956 French Championships men's doubles was one of the competitions of the 1956 French Championships, a tennis tournament held at the Stade Roland-Garros in Paris, France  from 15 May until 26 May 1956. The draw consisted of 32 teams and matches were played in a best-of-five sets format. Don Candy and  Bob Perry defeated Ashley Cooper and  Lew Hoad 7–5, 6–3, 6–3 in the final to win the title. The winning teams received 25,000 French franc per player with the runner-up players earning 12,000 Fr and the four losing semifinalists receiving 6,000 Fr each.

Stade Roland Garros
Stade Roland Garros (French pronunciation: [stad ʁɔlɑ̃ ɡaʁos]; 'Roland Garros Stadium') is a complex of tennis courts, including stadiums, located in Paris that hosts the French Open. That tournament, also known as Roland Garros, is a major tennis championship played annually in late May and early June. The complex is named after Roland Garros (1888–1918), a pioneering French aviator, and was constructed in 1928 to host France's first defence of the Davis Cup.

The 13.5-hectare (34-acre) complex contains twenty courts, including three large-capacity stadiums; Les Jardins de Roland Garros, a large restaurant and bar complex; Le Village, the press and VIP area; France's National Training Centre (CNE); and the Tenniseum, a bilingual, multimedia museum of the history of tennis.
AB-CHMINACA
AB-CHMINACA is an indazole-based synthetic cannabinoid. It is a potent agonist of the CB1 receptor (Ki = 0.78 nM) and CB2 receptor (Ki = 0.45 nM) and fully substitutes for Δ9-THC in rat discrimination studies, while being 16x more potent. Continuing the trend seen in other cannabinoids of this generation, such as AB-FUBINACA and AB-PINACA, it contains a valine amino acid amide residue as part of its structure, where older cannabinoids contained a naphthyl or adamantane residue.

Adamantane
Adamantane is an organic compound with formula C10H16 or, more descriptively, (CH)4(CH2)6. Adamantane molecules can be described as the fusion of three cyclohexane rings. The molecule is both rigid and virtually strain-free. Adamantane is the most stable isomer of C10H16. The spatial arrangement of carbon atoms in the adamantane molecule is the same as in the diamond crystal. This similarity led to the name adamantane, which is derived from the Greek adamantinos (relating to steel or diamond). It is a white solid with a camphor-like odor. It is the simplest diamondoid.

The discovery of adamantane in petroleum in 1933 launched a new field of chemistry dedicated to the synthesis and properties of polyhedral organic compounds. Adamantane derivatives have found practical application as drugs, polymeric materials, and thermally stable lubricants.
Vauxhall helicopter crash
On 16 January 2013, an Agusta A109 helicopter crashed in Vauxhall, London, after it collided with the jib of a construction crane attached to St George Wharf Tower. Two people died in the incident: the pilot, Pete Barnes, and a pedestrian, Matthew Wood. Five people were taken to hospital and seven more were treated at the scene.

The pilot had diverted because of poor visibility. The official report concluded he was probably unaware how close the tower was, and that the deaths were accidental.

Barnes was an experienced helicopter pilot, flying commercially for many years – including having experience with the Great North Air Ambulance Service.

Jib (crane)
A jib or jib arm is the horizontal or near-horizontal beam used in many types of crane to support the load clear of the main support. An archaic spelling is gib.

Usually jib arms are attached to a vertical mast or  tower or sometimes  to an inclined boom. In other jib-less designs such as derricks, the load is hung directly from a boom which is often anomalously called a jib.

A camera jib or jib arm in cinematography is a small crane that holds nothing but the camera.
Student aid
Student aid can refer to:

Purely financial aid provided for students that consists of grants or loans or both, usually called student financial aid

Aid provided for students that consists of more than just purely financial aid, for example work-study programs

Student financial aid (Canada)

Student financial aid (Finland)

Student financial aid (Germany)

Student financial aid (Sweden)

Student financial aid (United States)

Grant (money)
A grant is a fund given by a person or organization, often a public body, charitable foundation, a specialised grant-making institution, or in some cases a business with a corporate social responsibility mission, to an individual or another entity, usually, a non-profit organisation, sometimes a business or a local government body, for a specific purpose linked to public benefit. A funding agreement is often used to reflect the funding and funded parties' understanding of the purpose for which the grant has been given. Unlike loans, grants are not intended to be paid back. Examples include student grants, research grants, the Sovereign Grant paid by the UK Treasury to the monarch, and some European Regional Development Fund payments in the European Union.
Kim Sae-ron filmography
Kim Sae-ron (Korean: 김새론; July 31, 2000 – February 16, 2025) was a South Korean actress. She began her career when she was nine years old and became a popular child star through the films A Brand New Life (2009) and The Man From Nowhere (2010). As Kim reached her teenage years, she was cast in more leading roles, notably in the film A Girl at My Door (2014). She has also starred in television drama series, including Can You Hear My Heart (2011), The Queen's Classroom (2013) and Hi! School-Love On (2014). Her first adult lead role was in the television drama Secret Healer (2016).

Listen to My Heart (TV series)
Listen to My Heart (Korean: 내 마음이 들리니?; RR: Nae maeumi deullini?; lit. Can You Hear My Heart?) is a 2011 South Korean television series starring Kim Jaewon, Hwang Jung-eum and Namkoong Min. It aired on MBC from April 2 to July 10, 2011, on Saturdays and Sundays at 21:45 for 30 episodes.
Anetan constituency
Anetan is one of the constituencies of Nauru and is made up of two districts: Anetan and Ewa. It covers an area of 2.2 km2, and has a population of 1,180. It returns two members to the Parliament of Nauru in Yaren. It is the northernmost constituency in Nauru.

Yaren
Yaren (in earlier times Makwa or Moqua) is a district of the Pacific island country of Nauru. It is the de facto capital of Nauru and is coextensive with Yaren Constituency. Yaren is located on the southern coast of the island and is the location of Nauru's government offices.
Perranarworthal
Perranarworthal (Cornish: Peranarwodhel) is a civil parish and village in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The village is about four miles (6.5 km) northwest of Falmouth and five miles (8 km) southwest of Truro. The parish population at the 2011 census was 1,496.

Perran Wharf is the area of the parish beside the River Kennall (a tributary of Restronguet Creek) where there were wharves and a quay. This has been developed into Perran Foundry where there are new homes and working space settled amidst the history of the site. The other settlements in the parish are Perranwell and Perranwell Station.  Perranwell railway station is on the Maritime Line.

Perranarworthal parish is bordered on the north by Kea parish, on the east by Restronguet Creek and Mylor parish, on the south by St Gluvias and Stithians parishes and on the west by Gwennap parish.

Perranwell railway station
Perranwell station (Cornish: Fentenberan) is on the Maritime Line between Truro and Falmouth Docks in Cornwall, England. The station is managed by, and the services are operated by, Great Western Railway.
Chronic Tacos
Chronic Tacos is an American chain of fast casual restaurants specializing in tacos, Mission or California burritos, tostada bowls, carne asada fries and churros. The first Chronic Tacos restaurant was opened in 2002 in Newport Beach, California, by Daniel Biello and Randy Wyner. As of 2020, the company operates over 60 locations across the United States, Canada and Japan.

Since 2011, the company has partnered with Dexter Holland's Gringo Bandito hot sauce company to host the Gringo Bandito Chronic Tacos Challenge, a competitive eating contest in which Takeru Kobayashi set world records in 2015 and again in 2017 for taco eating.

Churro
A churro (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈtʃuro], Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈʃuʁu]) is a type of fried dough from Spanish and Portuguese cuisine, made with choux pastry dough piped into hot oil with a piping bag and large closed star tip or similar shape. They are also found in Latin American cuisine, Philippine cuisine and in other areas that have received immigration from Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking countries, especially in France and the Southwestern United States.

In Spain, churros can either be thin (and sometimes knotted) or long and thick, where they are known as porras, jeringos, or tejeringos in some regions. They are normally eaten for breakfast dipped in coffee, or in hot chocolate for an afternoon snack. There are also two slightly different snacks in Portugal, called porra and fartura, which are filled with jelly instead of the doce de leite traditional to Brazilian churros.
Alpha-adrenergic agonist
Alpha-adrenergic agonists are a class of sympathomimetic agents that selectively stimulate alpha adrenergic receptors. The alpha-adrenergic receptor has two subclasses, α1 and α2. Alpha 2 receptors are associated with sympatholytic properties. Alpha-adrenergic agonists have the opposite function of alpha blockers. Alpha adrenoreceptor ligands mimic the action of epinephrine and norepinephrine signaling in the heart, smooth muscle and central nervous system, with norepinephrine being the highest affinity. The activation of α1 stimulates the membrane bound enzyme phospholipase C, and activation of α2 inhibits the enzyme adenylate cyclase. Inactivation of adenylate cyclase in turn leads to the inactivation of the secondary messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate and induces smooth muscle and blood vessel constriction.

Methoxamine
Methoxamine, sold under the brand names Vasoxine, Vasoxyl, and Vasylox among others, is a sympathomimetic medication used as an antihypotensive agent. It has mostly or entirely been discontinued.

The drug is an α1-adrenergic receptor agonist.
Bhandirban
Bhandirban is a village in Birbhum district of West Bengal state. The name of the place is also spelled alternatively as Bhandier Bon. Bhandirban village is administered by the Khatanga, West Bengal gram panchayat of Suri I community development block in Suri Sadar subdivision of Birbhum district. The village is located on the banks of the Mayurakshi River on Suri-Dumka highway at a distance of 10 km from the district headquarter at Suri, Birbhum.

Suri, Birbhum
Suri (/ˈsʊəri/) (also spelt as Siuri) is a city and a municipality in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is the headquarters of the Birbhum district. This city was established during the British Period (1876), makes it one of the oldest municipalities in the State.Suri is a rapidly growing municipality, makes it one the best suitable choices for living among the district people.Suri is the second largest and 2nd most Populous city in Birbhum District after Bolpur.Suri is the most densely populated city in the district. Located at the banks of Mayurakshi River and exactly in the centre of the district make this city an Political,cultural,commercial hub. Suri holds the record of biggest Kali Puja in the district and one of the largest Visarjan of West Bengal. This city is famous for its Murabba Sweet, which is originally came to Suri from Lucknow.
Microsoft Tips
Tips (formerly Welcome to Windows, Getting Started with Windows, Windows XP Tour, Welcome Center, Getting Started, Hints, and Get Started) is a series of tutorial hubs in Microsoft Windows that provides information about using features. Information is presented as screenshots, text descriptions, videos, and web links. As Windows upgrades have traditionally been drastic, each version since Windows 95 has had its own tutorial app, and the name has changed frequently. Notably, the feature list shown has tended to expand as newer versions of Windows are released and the most recently released tutorial receives updates through the Microsoft Store, allowing it to receive updates more frequently than Windows itself is upgraded.

Adobe Flash
Adobe Flash (formerly Macromedia Flash and FutureSplash) is a mostly discontinued multimedia software platform used for production of animations, rich internet applications, desktop applications, mobile apps, mobile games, and embedded web browser video players.
2015 Topshelf Open – Women's doubles
Marina Erakovic and Arantxa Parra Santonja were the defending champions, but chose not to participate this year.
Asia Muhammad and Laura Siegemund won the title, defeating Jelena Janković and Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova in the final, 6–3, 7–5.

Asia Muhammad
Asia Muhammad (born April 4, 1991) is an American professional tennis player who specializes in doubles. She has been ranked as high as world No. 8 in doubles by the WTA, achieved on March 17, 2025.
Muhammad has won 13 doubles titles on the WTA Tour including the 2024 Cincinnati WTA 1000 title with Erin Routliffe and the 2025 Indian Wells with Demi Schuurs.

She also reached the finals in 2022 Indian Wells with Ena Shibahara and in 2024 Wuhan with Jessica Pegula. In addition, Muhammad has won five doubles titles on the Challenger Tour and 35 doubles titles on the ITF Circuit. In singles she has a career-high No. 124, achieved on April 24, 2017 and has won 14 ITF singles titles.
Rudolf Lingens
Rudolph Lingens is a fictional character often used by contemporary analytic philosophers as a placeholder name in a  hypothetical scenario which illustrates some feature of the indexicality of natural language. He was created by the logician Gottlob Frege in the course of one of the earliest systematic discussions of indexicals. A number of philosophers picking up on Frege's discussion of indexicals, notably John Perry, David Lewis, and Robert Stalnaker, have adopted Lingens to make their own points about indexicals.

John Perry (philosopher)
John Richard Perry (born January 16, 1943) is an American philosopher who is professor emeritus at Stanford University and the University of California, Riverside. He has made significant contributions to philosophy in the fields of philosophy of language, metaphysics, and philosophy of mind. He is known primarily for his work on situation semantics (together with Jon Barwise), reflexivity, indexicality, personal identity, and self-knowledge.
Waajeed
Robert O'Bryant, also known as Waajeed is an American music producer from Detroit, and one half of the hip hop and R&B group Platinum Pied Pipers, and a founding member of Tiny Hearts. He formed the Bling47 record label in 2002, which has released projects by J Dilla, Waajeed himself, and others. Since 2013, he has preferred the name Jeedo.

Ubiquity Records
Ubiquity Records is an American independent record label that focuses on multiple genres, including but not limited to hip hop, electronic,  funk, Latin, soul, jazz, singer-songwriter, and other genres.
Tunnelhill, Pennsylvania
Tunnelhill is a borough that is located in  Cambria and Blair counties in Pennsylvania, United States. As of the 2020 census, Tunnelhill had a population of 315. It is part of the Altoona, PA Metropolitan Statistical Area. Tunnelhill is named after the many railroad tunnels of the Pennsylvania Railroad near here known as the Gallitzin Tunnels.

Borough (Pennsylvania)
In the United States Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, a borough (sometimes spelled boro) is a self-governing municipal entity, equivalent to a town in most jurisdictions, usually smaller than a city, but with a similar population density in its residential areas.  Sometimes thought of as "junior cities", boroughs generally have fewer powers and responsibilities than full-fledged cities.
Herman Fokker
Herman Fokker  (10 March 1921, Leiden – 23 August 2001, Capelle aan den IJssel) was a Dutch engineer and politician. As a member of the Reformed Political Party (SGP) he was a member of the Senate from 1959 to 1960. He was also a SGP member of the municipal council of Rhenen from 1978 to 1990.

Rhenen
Rhenen (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈreːnə(n)] ⓘ) is a municipality and a city in the central Netherlands.
The municipality also includes the villages of Achterberg, Remmerden and Elst. The town lies on the southernmost part of the chain of hills known as the Utrecht Hill Ridge (Utrechtse Heuvelrug), where this meets the river Rhine. Because of this Rhenen has significant elevation changes across the town.

Directly to the east of the built-up area lies the Grebbeberg, a hill with a height of about 50 metres (160 ft).
Oldenburg-Hanseatic Brigade
The Oldenburg-Hanseatic Brigade (German: Oldenburgisch-Hansetische Brigade) was a mixed brigade of the army of the German Confederation (the Bundesheer), which was made up of contingents from the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg and the Free Cities of Bremen, Hamburg and Lübeck

Grand Duchy of Oldenburg
The Grand Duchy of Oldenburg (German: Großherzogtum Oldenburg, also known as Holstein-Oldenburg) was a grand duchy within the German Confederation, North German Confederation and German Empire, that consisted of three widely separated territories: Oldenburg, Eutin and Birkenfeld. It ranked tenth among the German states,  had one vote in the Bundesrat, and three members in the Reichstag. Its ruling family, the House of Oldenburg, also came to rule in Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Greece, Russia and United Kingdom.