hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
American Society for Pharmacy Law
The American Society of Pharmacy Law (ASPL) is a professional organization of pharmacist-attorneys, pharmacists, attorneys, and students in schools of pharmacy or law who are interested in the law as it applies to pharmacy.

ASPL is a nonprofit organization with the purposes of furthering knowledge in the law related to pharmacists, pharmacies, the provision of pharmaceutical care, the manufacturing and distribution of drugs, and other food, drug, and medical device policy issues; communicating accurate legal educational information; and providing educational opportunities for pharmacists, attorneys, and others who are interested in pharmacy law.

Professional association
A professional association (also called  a professional body, professional organization, or professional society) is a group that usually seeks to further a particular profession, the interests of individuals and organisations engaged in that profession, and the public interest. In the United States, such an association is typically a nonprofit business league for tax purposes. In the UK, they may take a variety of legal forms.
Great Falls Dam (Tennessee)
Great Falls Dam is a hydroelectric dam on the Caney Fork, straddling the county line between White County and Warren County in the U.S. state of Tennessee. It is the only dam outside the Tennessee River watershed owned and operated by the Tennessee Valley Authority. The dam impounds the 1,830-acre (740 ha) Great Falls Lake, and its tailwaters feed into Center Hill Lake. The completion of Great Falls Dam in late 1916 was an engineering triumph, marking the first successful attempt to impound the volatile and flood-prone Caney Fork. The dam is also notable for its design, utilizing a mostly underground conduit to carry water from the reservoir via a tributary to the Power House 0.75 miles (1.21 km) downstream from the dam.

Great Falls Dam is named for the rapids and waterfalls on the Caney Fork downstream from the dam. The section of river below the powerhouse is world-renowned for whitewater kayaking. The dam and its tailwaters are surrounded by Rock Island State Park.

Center Hill Lake
Center Hill Lake is a reservoir in the U.S. state of Tennessee. It is located in Middle Tennessee near Smithville. Created by means of a dam constructed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in 1948, the lake has a dual purpose: electricity production and flood control. Center Hill Dam is 260 ft (79 m) high, and it is composed of concrete and earth structures, with 8 gates that are 50 ft (15 m) wide each. Center Hill Lake is one of four major flood control reservoirs for the Cumberland; the others being Percy Priest Lake, Dale Hollow Reservoir, and Lake Cumberland.
Radha caste
The Radha are a Hindu caste found in the state of Uttar Pradesh in India. They are followers of the Radha Vallabh sect of Hinduism, who have evolved into a distinct caste. According to their tradition, the community are by origin from Barsana. Radha is the consort of the god Krishna and the followers of this tradition are the devotees of Radha.

The Radha caste is further divided into a number of exogamous clans such as the Kathak Vansh and Shyamvedi Gaur, the former have their concentration in Ayodhya, whereas the Shyamvedi Gaur are found mainly in Mathura.

Exogamy
Exogamy is the social norm of mating or marrying outside one's social group. The group defines the scope and extent of exogamy, and the rules and enforcement mechanisms that ensure its continuity. One form of exogamy is dual exogamy, in which two groups continually intermarry with each other.

In social science, exogamy is viewed as a combination of two related aspects: biological and cultural. Biological exogamy is the marriage of people who are not blood relatives.  This is regulated by incest taboos and laws against incest. Cultural exogamy is marrying outside a specific cultural group; the opposite is endogamy, marriage within a social group.
Tetrabromonickelate
The tetrabromonickelate anion contains a doubly-charged nickel atom (Ni2+) surrounded by four bromide ions in a tetrahedral arrangement.  The formula is [NiBr4]2−.

The anion combines with cations to form a series of salts called tetrabromonickelates.
Strongly-coordinating solvents will displace one or more of the bromido ligands from the complex.
Solvents that can dissolve tetrabromonickelate include acetone, acetonitrile, methyl ethyl ketone, and nitromethane.

In the visible absorption spectrum there is a strong absorption band termed ν3 near 710 nm which is caused by an electronic transition from 3T1(F) → 3T1(P).  Another strong absorption in the near infrared called ν2 near 770 nm is due to the 3T1(F) → 3A2(F) transition.

Butanone
Butanone, also known as methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) or ethyl methyl ketone, is an organic compound with the formula CH3C(O)CH2CH3. This colorless liquid ketone has a sharp, sweet odor reminiscent of acetone. It is produced industrially on a large scale, but occurs in nature only in trace amounts. It is partially soluble in water, and is commonly used as an industrial solvent. It is an isomer of another solvent, tetrahydrofuran.
Viriconium (2000 collection)
Viriconium is an omnibus collection of the entire Viriconium sequence by M. John Harrison. It consists of the three novels, and all the short stories from the collection Viriconium Nights.  It was published in 2000 by Orion Books as volume 7 of their Fantasy Masterworks series.  Several of the stories first appeared in the magazines New Worlds and Interzone. The short stories appear here in a running order different from earlier publications of Viriconium Nights and it appears that the  whole Viriconium sequence is here arranged by some internal chronology.

Fantasy Masterworks
Fantasy Masterworks is a series of British paperbacks by Millennium (an imprint of Victor Gollancz). It is intended to comprise "some of the greatest, most original, and most influential fantasy ever written" and to contain "the books which, along with Tolkien, Peake and others, shaped modern fantasy." as claimed by its publisher.

It has a companion series in the SF Masterworks line. A separate Future Classics line has also started featuring eight science fiction novels from the last few decades.

The books were numbered only through No. 50; in the 2013 reboot of the series, the books are unnumbered, have a uniform look, and feature introductions by well-known writers and critics.
National Defence College (India)
The National Defence College, located in New Delhi, is a staff college and the highest seat of strategic learning for Defence Service and Civil Service officers. This is a very prestigious course attended only by a few hand-picked defence officers of One-Star rank and civil servants of the rank of Joint secretary to the Government of India. Each year, approximately 25 officers from friendly foreign countries like the US, UK, Canada, France, Germany, Australia, Vietnam, Sri Lanka, Nepal, UAE and others attend the course.

This college provides strategic leadership to the Government of India in national and international security matters and also acts as a think tank on defence matters and holds a very important position in shaping up the Indian defence outlook.

Commander of the Navy (Sri Lanka)
The commander of the Navy is the professional head of the Sri Lanka Navy. The current commander of the Navy is Vice Admiral Kanchana Banagoda. It is a position equivalent to that of First Sea Lord of the Royal Navy or Chief of Naval Operations in the United States Navy.

By convention, serving Navy commanders have a rank of vice admiral, and will be promoted to the rank of admiral on retirement.
Enamel fracture
An enamel fracture is when the outermost layer of the tooth is cracked, without damaging the inner layers including the dentine or pulp. This can happen from trauma such as a fall where the teeth are impacted by a hard object causing a chip to occur.

The term “craze lines” and "enamel infraction" are also used to describe minute incomplete cracks exclusive to the enamel surface.

Enamel infraction
Enamel infraction, also known as craze lines, is a type of dental fracture that falls under the classification system based on the extent of tissue involvement and pulp exposure (Patnana and Kanchan, 2023). Dental fractures are categorized according to the affected tissue and whether the pulp is involved, with enamel infractions representing the least severe form, involving only microcracks contained within the enamel only without loss of tooth structure and are usually asymptomatic (Bonk, J., 2019). Enamel infractions are diagnosed by using transillumination and should be distinguished from cracks caused by thermal changes. Clinically, affected teeth typically show a normal response to pulp vitality tests, without mobility or periapical tissue involvement, and no sensitivity to percussion. Radiographic findings are usually unremarkable (Patnana and Kanchan, 2023).
Sumitra Bhandari
Sumitra Subedi Bhandari (Nepali: सुमित्रा सुवेदी भण्डारी) is a Nepali politician and former Governor of Madhesh Province. Bhandari lost her post after being alleged for unsuccessfully controlling the government formation process in province.

A disputed Governor, Bhandari was appointed as per the Article 163 (2) of the Constitution of Nepal by the President on the recommendation of the Council of Ministers of the Government of Nepal on 15 March 2024. Following her disruptive move to appoint Saroj Kumar Yadav of her parent party, CPN (UML) as chief minister spread agitations throughout Madhesh Province seeking her removal from ceremonial post. However, majority of Members of Provincial Assembly (MPAs), as much as 74 of 107, filed a writ claiming it unconstitutional.

Governor of Madhesh Province
The Governor of Madhesh Province is the nominal head of state of the Nepal state (province) of Madhesh Province and a representative of the President of Nepal. The governor is appointed by the term president for a term of five years. The governor's powers are mostly ceremonial and the executive powers of the governor are exercised by the chief minister of Madhesh Province, who is the head of the executive of the state government of Madhesh Province.  The following is a list of governors of Madhesh Province.

The incumbent, Surendra Labh Karn, has served as the governor of Madhesh Province since 11 November 2025.
AppExtremes
AppExtremes, Inc. dba Conga, founded in 2006, provides document generation, presentation, and reporting tools for Salesforce.com. Its first product, Conga Composer, was launched as the Salesforce.com Apex Day in January, 2007. Conga Composer allows automated creation of Microsoft Word documents from multiple Salesforce.com data sources. Based on customer feedback, support was added for HTML email, as well as multiple document types including: Microsoft Excel, Adobe PDF, and Microsoft PowerPoint.

AppExtremes officially re-branded itself to Conga on April 16, 2013.

AppExtremes has offices in Broomfield, Colorado and Hammersmith, England, and Melbourne, Australia.

The company claims thousands of Salesforce.com customers in more than 35 countries as of April 2012.

Salesforce
Salesforce, Inc., is an American cloud-based software company headquartered in San Francisco, California. It provides applications focused on sales, customer service, marketing automation, e-commerce, analytics, artificial intelligence, agentic AI, and application development.

Founded by former Oracle executive Marc Benioff in March 1999, Salesforce grew quickly, making its initial public offering in 2004. As of September 2025, Salesforce is the 61st largest company in the world by market cap with a value of nearly US$238 billion. It became the world's largest enterprise applications firm in 2022. Salesforce ranked 491st on the 2023 edition of the Fortune 500, making $31.352 billion in revenue. Since 2020, Salesforce has also been a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average
Seabed tractor
A seabed tractor is a type of remotely operated underwater vehicle. They can be  used for submarine cable laying or burial of cables or pipelines.  This type of vehicle consists of a tracked crawler excavator device, configured for the task. It is controlled from the vessel by an umbilical cable. Operating seabed tractors is similar to operating other remotely operated vehicles. The seabed tractor operator drives the unit as if on board, using cameras on the unit for visual feedback, and other instrumentation.

Umbilical cable
An umbilical cable or umbilical is a cable and/or hose that supplies required consumables to an apparatus, like a rocket, or to a person, such as a diver or astronaut. It is named by analogy with an umbilical cord. An umbilical can, for example, supply air and power to a pressure suit or hydraulic power, electrical power and fiber optics to subsea equipment and divers.
Carman Covered Bridge
The Carman Covered Bridge was a covered bridge that spanned Conneaut Creek between Springfield Township  and Conneaut Township, Erie County in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. Listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980, it was destroyed by fire in 1996. At the time of its destruction, it was one of four covered bridges in Erie County.

Conneaut Creek
Conneaut Creek /ˈkɒni.ɒt/ is a 43.5-mile (70.0 km) tributary of Lake Erie in northwestern Pennsylvania and northeastern Ohio in the United States.  Via Lake Erie, the Niagara River and Lake Ontario, it is part of the watershed of the St. Lawrence River, which flows to the Atlantic Ocean.

Conneaut Creek rises in western Crawford County, Pennsylvania, and initially flows north-northwestwardly past Conneautville into western Erie County.  Near Albion, it turns to the west-southwest and roughly parallels the shoreline of Lake Erie for some length, at a distance of about 5 mi (8 km) inland, into northeastern Ashtabula County, Ohio, where, at Kingsville, it turns to the northeast to flow into Lake Erie at the city of Conneaut.
Brown Sugar Macchiato
Brown Sugar Macchiato (Chinese: 黑糖瑪奇朵; pinyin: Hēitáng Mǎqíduǒ) is a Taiwanese drama starring members of Taiwanese bands Lollipop F and Hey Girl. It was first broadcast in Taiwan on free-to-air Formosa Television (FTV) from 15 July 2007 to 7 October 2007 and cable TV STAR Chinese Channel. It was also broadcast in China on Xing Kong.

Taiwanese television drama
Taiwanese drama (Chinese: 台灣電視劇; pinyin: Táiwān Diànshìjù, also known as T.W. drama) refer to dramatic programming of television programming extended stories usually dramatizing relationships through the general range of ten to forty one-hour episodes. They are produced in Taiwan and have gained increasing popularity in the Mandarin-speaking community internationally. The term "Taiwanese drama" is applied to Taiwanese miniseries in general, even including those with greater elements of comedy than of drama.
Strephonota tephraeus
Strephonota tephraeus is a species of butterfly of the family Lycaenidae. It is found from Mexico to Venezuela, the Amazon, the Guianas and Peru. Rare strays can be found as far north as the lower Rio Grande Valley in Texas. The habitat consists of lowland tropical forests, particularly along rivers.

The wingspan is 22–29 mm. Adults are on wing from May to December in Mexico in multiple generations per year. Adults have been recorded in November in southern Texas. Adults presumably feed on flower nectar.

Lower Rio Grande Valley
The Lower Rio Grande Valley (Spanish: Valle del Río Grande), often referred to as the Rio Grande Valley (RGV) of South Texas, is a region located in the southernmost part of Texas. It is located along the border of Texas with Mexico located in a floodplain of the Rio Grande near its mouth. The region includes the southernmost tip of South Texas. It consists of the Brownsville-Harlingen and McAllen-Edinburg-Mission metropolitan areas, and the Rio Grande City-Roma and Raymondville micropolitan areas. The area is generally bilingual in English and Spanish, with a fair amount of Spanglish due to the region's diverse history and transborder agglomerations. It is home to some of the poorest cities in the nation, as well as many unincorporated, persistent poverty communities called colonias. A large seasonal influx occurs of "winter Texans" – people who come down from the north for the winter and then return north before summer arrives.
Entença (town)
Entença, Entenza or Antenza is a village in the La Franja area of Aragon. It is located at a height of 576 m above sea level in the Ribagorça comarca, Huesca Province, 10 km to the east-southeast of Benavarri, town to which it belongs administratively. Its zip code is 22580.

Like many small towns in the Pre-Pyrenees, Entença has lost much population in the past 50 years. According to the 2007 census it has only 14 inhabitants. The most important buildings are the recently restored St. James' Church with only one bell in its two-eyed bell-gable, as well as the now ruined residence of Queen Teresa d'Entença, Countess of Urgell and Viscountess of Àger (1314–1327), wife of King Alfons IV of Aragon.

The town gathers some of its former inhabitants and tourists every 25 July on the St. James' celebrations, as well as every 6 August on the occasion of Sant Salvador's county fair at the small Sant Salvador d'Entença church located out of the town perimeter.

Bell-gable
The bell gable (Spanish: espadaña, French: clocher-mur, Italian: campanile a vela) is an architectural element crowning the upper end of the wall of church buildings, usually in lieu of a church tower. It consists of a gable end in stone, with small hollow semi-circular arches where the church bells are placed. It is a characteristic example of the simplicity of Romanesque architecture.
10 Ways to End the World
10 Ways to End the World, aka Last Days of Man (original title Mänsklighetens sista dagar, literally "The Final Days of Humanity") is a Swedish TV series by Magnus Sjöström documenting catastrophes that could endanger human existence. The series is produced by Sveriges Utbildningsradio (UR) and was aired on Kunskapskanalen (in English: The Knowledge Channel) in December 2010 under the Swedish name Mänsklighetens sista dagar (Last days of Man) and on National Geographic and Arte in 2012. The series was nominated for the Scandinavian TV award, Kristallen, in 2011.

In the form of a top ten list, a set of doomsday scenarios—disasters that have the capacity to wipe out our species—is examined scientifically. The first part deals with threats to humanity from nature's violent forces. The second part deals with various threats that human society has created.

Kunskapskanalen
Kunskapskanalen (transl. The Knowledge Channel) is a Swedish television channel operated by Sveriges Television (SVT) and Sveriges Utbildningsradio (UR) broadcasting educational and factual programming. The channel broadcasts between 15:00 and 01:00 on all days of the week, having previously aired between 09:00 and 01:00.

Kunskapskanalen is broadcast by satellite, cable, and digital terrestrial television to Sweden, by cable to Norway and parts of Finland, and terrestrially on Åland. The channel can also be received over DVB-T in Copenhagen due to its proximity to southern Sweden.
Akasaka Estate
The Akasaka Estate (赤坂御用地, Akasaka Goyōchi) is a park-like Japanese Imperial Estate located in the district of Moto-Akasaka, Minato Special Ward, Tokyo. It is the site of several major existing and former Imperial residences.  Besides Prince Hitachi, who lives in Higashi, Shibuya, many members of the Imperial Family have their official residence on this estate, including the Emperor Emeritus. The estate is not accessible to the general public.

Akasaka Palace
Akasaka Palace (赤坂離宮, Akasaka Rikyū) is a state guest house (迎賓館, geihinkan) of the government of Japan. Other state guesthouses of the government include the Kyoto State Guest House.

The palace was originally built as the Imperial Palace for the Crown Prince (東宮御所, Tōgū Gosho) in 1909. The palace is designated as an official accommodation for visiting state dignitaries by the government of Japan. Located in the Moto-Akasaka, Minato, Tokyo, the building took on its present function in 1974, having previously been an imperial detached palace. In 2009 the palace was designated as a National Treasure of Japan.
Delaware Superior Court
The Delaware Superior Court, previously known as the Superior Court and Orphans' Court, is the state trial court of general jurisdiction in the state of Delaware. It has original jurisdiction over most criminal and civil cases (except for suits at equity, which are handled by the Delaware Court of Chancery).  It also serves as an intermediate appellate court, hearing appeals on the record from the Court of Common Pleas, Family Court, and most state administrative agencies. It is headed by Judge Jan R. Jurden.

The Superior Court includes a Complex Commercial Litigation Division (CCLD), which has been operating as a business court since 2010. The CCLD focuses on commercial disputes for money damages between businesses, complementing the Court of Chancery which focuses on internal business disputes.

Original jurisdiction
In common law legal systems, original jurisdiction of a court is the power to hear a case for the first time, as opposed to appellate jurisdiction, when a higher court has the power to review a lower court's decision.
John Henderson (architect)
John Henderson (1 March 1804 – 27 June 1862) was a Scottish architect operational in the mid-19th century. He is chiefly remembered as a church architect, with his early work being in the Gothic Revival and tractarian style, before developing his own distinct style.

Brechin
Brechin (BREE-kin, /ˈbriːxɪn/; Scottish Gaelic: Breichin) is a town and former royal burgh in Angus, Scotland. Traditionally Brechin was described as a city because of its cathedral and its status as the seat of a pre-Reformation Roman Catholic diocese (which continues today as an episcopal seat of the Scottish Episcopal Church), but that status has not been officially recognised in the modern era.

Nevertheless, the designation is often used, with examples being the City of Brechin and District Community Council, City of Brechin and Area Partnership, City of Brechin Civic Trust and Brechin City Football Club. Kinnaird Castle is nearby. Brechin is located slightly closer to Dundee than Aberdeen on the A90 between the cities. It is the fourth largest settlement of Angus.
Rivière de la Fourche
The rivière de la Fourche (in English: river of the Fork) crosses the municipality of Saint-Philémon (MRC Les Etchemins Regional County Municipality), as well as Notre-Dame-Auxiliatrice-de-Buckland and Armagh, in the Bellechasse Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Chaudière-Appalaches, in Quebec, in Canada .

The Fourche River is a tributary of the south shore of the rivière du Sud (Montmagny) which flows north-west, then north-east to the south shore of the St. Lawrence River.

Bellechasse Regional County Municipality
Bellechasse Regional County Municipality (French pronunciation: [bɛlʃas]) is a regional county municipality in the Chaudière-Appalaches region of Quebec. The county seat is Saint-Lazare-de-Bellechasse.

Saint-Lazare was chosen as the county seat because of its central location. Other municipalities, such as Saint-Anselme, Sainte-Claire, and Saint-Damien had wanted to be the county seat because of their larger population. The region belongs to the Lévis—Bellechasse federal electoral district.