hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Emission nebula
An emission nebula is a nebula formed of ionized gases that emit light of various wavelengths. The most common source of ionization is high-energy ultraviolet photons emitted from a nearby hot star. Among the several different types of emission nebulae are H II regions, in which star formation is taking place and young, massive stars are the source of the ionizing photons; and planetary nebulae, in which a dying star has thrown off its outer layers, with the exposed hot core then ionizing them.

Ionization
Ionization or ionisation is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons, often in conjunction with other chemical changes. The resulting electrically charged atom or molecule is called an ion. Ionization can result from the loss of an electron after collisions with subatomic particles, collisions with other atoms, molecules, electrons, positrons, protons, antiprotons, and ions, or through the interaction with electromagnetic radiation. Heterolytic bond cleavage and heterolytic substitution reactions can result in the formation of ion pairs. Ionization can occur through radioactive decay by the internal conversion process, in which an excited nucleus transfers its energy to one of the inner-shell electrons causing it to be ejected.
2008 Latin Billboard Music Awards
The 2008 Billboard Latin Music Awards, produced and broadcast live on Telemundo, was held on Thursday, April 10, 2008. The award show aired on Telemundo at 7pm EST.

The following list is the 2008 Billboard Latin Music Award Nominees and Winners (Winners are in bold)

Marco Antonio Solís
Marco Antonio Solís Sosa (born 29 December 1959) is a Mexican musician, singer, songwriter, and record producer. Born and raised in Ario de Rosales, Michoacán, Solís began his musical career at the age of six, performing with his cousin Joel Solís as Los Hermanitos Solís. In 1975, he co-founded Los Bukis, of which he was the lead vocalist, songwriter and guitarist. The band split up after nearly two decades of success, with Solís pursuing a solo career. Solís released his debut solo album, En Pleno Vuelo, in 1996 by Fonovisa Records.

Solís has been awarded five Latin Grammy Awards, two Lo Nuestro Awards, has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, and has been inducted into the Billboard Latin Music Hall of Fame. In 2022, Solís was recognized as Person of the Year by the Latin Recording Academy.
Leah Robinson (athlete)
Leah Robinson (born 7 November 1993) is a retired Canadian Paralympic athlete who competed in sprinting events. She is a two-time Parapan American Games medalist and has competed at two Paralympic Games.

Robinson was the youngest member of the Canadian team at the 2008 Summer Paralympics, she was fourteen years old at the time and competed in the 100m T37 and 200m T37 where she finished twelfth and tenth in the semifinals respectively.

Parapan American Games
The Parapan American Games is an international multi-sport event for athletes with physical disabilities held every four years after every Pan American Games. The first Games were held in 1999 in Mexico City, Mexico. The 2003 Parapan American Games was the last Parapan American Games that was not held in the same city as the Pan American Games. The most recent Parapan American Games were held between 17 and 26 November 2023, in Santiago, Chile.
It is organized by the Americas Paralympic Committee.
Adrammelech
Adrammelech /əˈdræməˌlɛk/ (Biblical Hebrew: אַדְרַמֶּלֶךְ‎, romanized: ʾAḏrammeleḵ; Koine Greek: Ἀδραμέλεχ Adramélekh) is an ancient Semitic god mentioned briefly by name in the Book of Kings, where he is described as a god of "Sepharvaim". Sepharvaim (a word which is grammatically dual) is commonly, but not certainly, identified with the twin cities of Sippar Yahrurum and Sippar Amnanum on the banks of the Euphrates, north of Babylon. The name Adrammelech probably translates to "Magnificent king."

Sippar-Amnanum
Sippar-Amnanum (also Sippar-Annunitum, Sippar-rabum, Sippar-durum, and Sippar-Anunit ), modern Tell ed-Der (also Teil ed-Der) in Baghdad Governorate, Iraq, was an ancient Near Eastern city about 70 kilometers north of Babylon, 6 kilometers northeast of Sippar and about 26 kilometers southwest of modern Baghdad. Occupation dates back to the days of the Akkadian Empire and later the Ur III period but most of the development was during the Old Babylonian period. Early archaeologists referred to the site as "Der" or Dair". In the late 1800s archaeologists proposed that this was the location of the city of Akkad, later disproved.
Rabo de Ovelha
Rabo de Ovelha (Portuguese for "Sheep's tail") is white Portuguese wine grape variety that is grown all over Portugal. It should not be confused with the red Rabo de Anho grape variety that is found in the Vinho Verde region. Rabo de Ovelha is an authorized grape variety in the Bairrada, Borba, Bucelas, Redondo, Reguengos, Setúbal and Vidigueira Denominação de Origem Controlada (DOC). The grape variety gets its name from the way its grape bunches resembles the end of a ewe's tail. In winemaking, Rabo de Ovelha is known for producing highly alcoholic wines that wine expert Jancis Robinson describes as lacking subtlety.

Bucelas DOC
Bucelas (historically known as Bucellas) is a Portuguese wine-region located in the Lisboa wine-region. The region has Portugal's highest wine classification as a Denominação de Origem Controlada (DOC). Located south of the Arruda DOC, the region is noted for its potential for cool fermentation white wine production. Vineyards in the area are planted on predominantly loam soils. The white wines of Bucelas became widely popular during  the Elizabethan era in England and again during the Victorian age. In London the wines were sometimes described as Portuguese hock because of their similarities to the German Rieslings from the Rhine. Urban sprawl in the 20th century has drastically reduced viticulture in the area, located north of the Portuguese capital city, Lisbon.
Madeleine Vramant
Madeleine Vramant was a member of the Chambre Syndicale de la Haute Couture and one of only a few couturiers that kept their fashion house open during World War II, along with Jacques Fath, Maggy Rouff, Nina Ricci and Marcel Rochas.

Jacques Fath
Jacques Fath (6 September 1912 in Maisons-Laffitte, France – 13 November 1954 in Paris, France) was a French fashion designer who was considered one of the three dominant influences on immediate postwar haute couture, the others being Christian Dior and Pierre Balmain. The playwright Georges Fath was his great-grandfather.
Kavinda Jayawardena
Senadheerage Don Kavinda Heshan Jayawardena is a Sri Lankan medical graduate and politician. He has served as a Member of Parliament from the Gampaha District since 2015. He previously served as a provincial councilor in the Western Provincial Council.

He is the son of former cabinet minister Jayalath Jayawardena. Jayawardena was educated at Royal College Colombo and studied medicine at Sri Ramachandra University in Chennai, India.

Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research
Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (SRIHER) is a private institute located in Porur, Chennai, India. SRIHER consists of nine constituent colleges and faculties with more than 6,000 students. SRIHER was founded by Sri Ramachandra Education & Health Trust on September 11, 1985, by N. P. V. Ramasamy Udayar. It was founded as a medical college, and awarded the deemed-to-be-university status in September 1994.
Hessel Hermana
Hessel Hermana is the fourth potestaat of Friesland. Supposedly from Sexbierum (chosen 869 – died c. 876), he does not appear in historical sources until the late 16th century.

His name is then attached to the Dane Rudolf Haraldsson who invaded Oostergo in order to recover Danegeld (tribute) by force. These Danes were on the way back from France. A battle ensued with this gang of eight hundred Vikings involving the death of five hundred Danes on the battlefield. Rudolf Haraldsson was killed in battle and the Frisians won, but Hessel also died.

His predecessor was Adelbrik Adelen and he was succeeded by Igo Galema as potestaat.

His family crest exhibits two Frisian eagles.

Sexbierum
Sexbierum (Dutch: [sɛksˈbiːrʏm]; West Frisian: Seisbierrum [sɛizˈbjɪrəm]) is a village in the municipality of Waadhoeke, in the central north of the Netherlands.

Sexbierum is located in the province of Friesland and located about 7 kilometres (4.3 miles) north-east of Harlingen, about 7 kilometres (4.3 miles) north-west of Franeker. The distance to Amsterdam is about 100 kilometres (62 miles).

The village consists of approximately 600 houses, with 1,744 inhabitants in January 2014.
Fossil Falls
The Fossil Falls is a unique geological feature, located in the Coso Range in Inyo County, California in the United States.  Volcanic activity in the mountain range, along with meltwater from glaciers in the nearby Sierra Nevada, played a role in the creation of the falls. They are located near the community of Little Lake, 1.0 mi (1.6 km) off US 395 (at a red cinder cone called "Red Hill") on Cinder Road to Red Hill, with signs to Fossil Falls.

U.S. Route 395 in California
U.S. Route 395 (US 395) is a United States Numbered Highway, stretching from Hesperia, California to the Canadian border in Laurier, Washington. The California portion of US 395 is a 557-mile (896 km) route which traverses from Interstate 15 (I-15) in Hesperia, north to the Oregon state line in Modoc County near Goose Lake. The route clips into Nevada, serving the cities Carson City and Reno, before returning to California.

Prior to truncation, US 395 served the metropolitan areas of San Diego, Riverside, and San Bernardino. The highway serves as a connection to the Greater Los Angeles area for the communities of the Owens Valley, Mammoth Lakes and Mono Lake. The highway is used as an access route for both the highest point in the contiguous United States, Mount Whitney, and the lowest point in North America, Death Valley.

The corridor has been used since the California gold rush, and before numbering was known by several names including El Camino Sierra.
Hammond Gazette
The Hammond Gazette was a weekly newspaper that was first published on November 17, 1862 in Point Lookout, Maryland. The paper was initially published by Charley Greer. George Everett, White Commander of Company D in the 38th United States Colored Troops (USCT) stationed at Point lookout, eventually succeeded him and published the paper for the majority of its run.

Point Lookout State Park
Point Lookout State Park is a public recreation area and historic preserve occupying Point Lookout, the southernmost tip of a peninsula formed by the confluence of Chesapeake Bay and the Potomac River in St. Mary's County, Maryland. The state park preserves the site of an American Civil War prisoner of war camp and the Point Lookout Light, which was built in 1830. It is the southernmost spot on Maryland's western shore, the coastal region on the western side of the Chesapeake Bay.
Gaspar Rosés
Gaspar Rosés i Arus was a Catalan politician. He was MP for the Regionalist League in Arenys de Mar in the Spanish general election, 1918. He later became President of FC Barcelona in 1916–1917, 1920–1921 and 1930-1931 elected by the members. During his third term as President the founder of Barcelona, Joan Gamper, committed suicide.

Arenys de Mar
Arenys de Mar (Catalan: [əˈɾɛɲz ðə ˈmaɾ], locally [əˈɾɛɲʒ ðə ˈmaɾ]; arenys being Catalan for "sands (of a seasonal creek)", and de mar for "by the sea" as opposed to Arenys de Munt, "sands up hill") is one of the main municipalities of the comarca of Maresme, Barcelona Province, Catalonia, Spain. It is situated on the coast between Caldes d'Estrac and Canet de Mar, about 40 kilometres (25 miles) northeast of Barcelona. As of 2022, it had a population of 16,155.

Arenys' harbour was  for many years the only existing port on the north coast of Barcelona. The beaches, framed by hills which run right down to the sea, give a view of the neighbouring Costa Brava.
Tregaron Estate
"Tregaron Estate," formerly known as "The Causeway," is a country house and estate located in the Cleveland Park neighborhood of Northwest, Washington, D.C.
The estate, built in 1912, was designed by architect Charles Adams Platt and landscape architect Ellen Biddle Shipman.
The original owners, Alice and James Parmelee, lived at the estate from the time of its construction until 1940.
From 1942 to 1958, it was occupied by Joseph E. Davies, who had served as United States ambassador to several countries, and his second wife, Post Cereal Company heiress Marjorie Merriweather Post.
Today the estate is occupied by a campus of the Washington International School and the Tregaron Conservancy.

Post Consumer Brands
Post Consumer Brands, LLC (previously Post Cereals and Postum Cereals), also known as Post, is an American consumer packaged goods food manufacturer headquartered in Lakeville, Minnesota.

The company, founded in 1895 by C. W. Post, owns a large portfolio of cereal brands that include Bran Flakes, Honey Bunches of Oats, Golden Crisp, Grape-Nuts, Honeycomb, Pebbles, and Waffle Crisp, among others. The company also produces several pet food brands, including Rachael Ray Nutrish, Kibbles 'n Bits, and 9Lives, and markets Peter Pan Peanut Butter.
Harpist in the Wind
Harpist in the Wind is a 1979 fantasy novel by American writer Patricia A. McKillip. It is the concluding book of the Riddle Master trilogy, which has also been published as Riddle of Stars. The first UK paperback edition preceded the first US paperback.

Patricia A. McKillip
Patricia Anne McKillip (February 29, 1948 – May 6, 2022) was an American author of fantasy and science fiction. She wrote predominantly standalone fantasy novels and has been called "one of the most accomplished prose stylists in the fantasy genre". Her work won many awards, including the World Fantasy Award for Lifetime Achievement in 2008.
2019 Toray Pan Pacific Open – Singles
Karolína Plíšková was the defending champion, but chose to participate in Korea Open, instead.

Naomi Osaka became the first Japanese player (and the third overall) in 24 years to win the tournament, defeating Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova in straight sets.

Karolína Plíšková
Karolína Plíšková (Czech pronunciation: [ˈkaroliːna ˈpliːʃkovaː]; born 21 March 1992) is a Czech professional tennis player. She has been ranked as the world No. 1 in women's singles by the WTA, and at world No. 11 in doubles. She is a two-time Grand Slam finalist at the 2016 US Open and at 2021 Wimbledon. Plíšková has won 17 singles and five doubles titles on the WTA Tour,

As a junior, Plíšková won the 2010 Australian Open girls' singles title. Playing for the Czech Republic in Billie Jean King Cup competition, she has scored a win-loss record of 15–8 (as of September 2024). She is known for her powerful serve and forehand.
Didi Zanavi
Didi Zanavi (Georgian: დიდი ზანავი) is a village in the Adigeni Municipality in Georgia's southern region Samtskhe-Javakheti. It is located on the southern slope of the Meskheti Range, part of the Lesser Caucasus, on the left bank of the small river Kvabliani, 1480 metres above sea level. The village lies 4 km northeast of Adigeni, the municipality's chief town, and itself serves as a center of the Zanavi territorial unit. As of the 2014 census, the village had a population of 297.

Didi Zanavi is home to the Zanavi fortress and the Zanavi church, two medieval monuments inscribed on the registry of Immovable Cultural Monuments of National Significance of Georgia in 2007.

Samtskhe–Javakheti
Samtskhe–Javakheti (Georgian: სამცხე-ჯავახეთი, [s̪ämt̪͡s̪ʰχe̞ d͡ʒäväχet̪ʰi], Armenian: Սամցխե-Ջավախեթի, romanized: Samts’khe-Javakhet’i) is a region (mkhare) in southern Georgia with a population of 147,400 (2023) and an area of 6,413 km2 (2,476 sq mi). The region has Akhaltsikhe as its administrative center. Samtskhe–Javakheti is made up of the historical Georgian provinces Meskheti, Javakheti and Tori.

The Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan oil pipeline, the South Caucasus natural gas pipeline, and the Kars–Tbilisi–Baku railway pass through the region.

The population of the region is made up of Georgians and Armenians, as well as smaller numbers of Russians.
Kazuya Yoshioka
Kazuya Yoshioka (吉岡 和也, Yoshioka Kazuya, born 9 September 1978) is a Japanese ski jumper. In his long World Cup career, Yoshioka has finished twelve times among the top 10. He also has four podium finishes as well as two team victories on 30 January 1999 in Willingen, and on 19 January 2001 in Park City.

At the 2001 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships he finished 19th on the normal hill and 20th on the large hill. He placed 19th at the 1998 FIS Ski Flying World Championships.

FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2001
The FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2001 took place February 15–25, 2001 in Lahti, Finland, for a record sixth time, previous events having been held in 1926, 1938, 1958, 1978 and 1989. These championships also saw the most event changes since the 1950s, with the 5 km women and 10 km men's events being discontinued, the 10 km women and 15 km men's events returning to their normal status for the first time since the 1991 championships, the debut of a combined pursuit as a separate category (5 km + 5 km for women, 10 km + 10 km for men), the addition of the individual sprint race for both genders, and the debut of the ski jumping team normal hill event. Extremely cold weather (−23 °C (−9 °F)) cancelled the women's 30 km event. The biggest controversy occurred when a doping scandal hit the host nation of Finland, resulting in six disqualifications. This would serve as a prelude to further doping cases in cross country skiing at the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City the following year.
Wilhelm Friedrich Karwinsky von Karwin
Wilhelm Friedrich Karwinsky von Karwin (19 February 1780 – 2 March 1855) was a Bavarian naturalist who collected plants and animals in Brazil (1821–1826) and Mexico (1826–1831, 1840). He was born in Keszthely, now in Hungary, and died in Munich. Many plants and animals are named in his honour, including the genus Karwinskia and the species Erigeron karvinskianus (Mexican daisy) and Smyrna karwinskii (the butterfly Karwinski's beauty).

Keszthely
Keszthely (Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈkɛsthɛj]; also known by alternative names) is a Hungarian city of 20,895 inhabitants located on the western shore of Lake Balaton. It is the second largest city by the lake and one of the more important cultural, educational and economic hubs in the region. Due to its favorable location and accessibility by both road and rail, Keszthely and the surrounding area is a preferred holiday destination.

From the middle of the 5th century until the middle of the 7th century the Keszthely Culture flourished in the area.

The Faculty for Agriculture of University of Pannonia is located in Keszthely. George Fejer, Hungarian author and librarian at the University of Pest, was born in Keszthely in 1766.
Covenant Health System
Covenant Health System is an American health care provider which serves West Texas and Eastern New Mexico. It has about 1,300 beds in its five primary acute-care and specialty hospitals; it also manages about a dozen affiliated community hospitals. Covenant Health System, part of the St. Joseph Health System (since 2016: Providence St. Joseph Health), also maintains a network of family health care and medical clinics. Covenant Health System's major facilities are Covenant Medical Center, Covenant Specialty Hospital, and Covenant Children's Hospital. The health system also includes some 20 clinics and 50 physician practices, and its extensive outreach programs target isolated rural communities with mobile services. Covenant Health was founded in 1998 through the merger of two of Lubbock's health care facilities, St. Mary of the Plains Hospital and the Lubbock Methodist Hospital System.

Providence Health & Services
Providence Health & Services is a not-for-profit Catholic healthcare system headquartered in Renton, Washington. The health system includes 51 hospitals, more than 800 non-acute facilities, and numerous assisted living facilities in the western half of the United States (Alaska, Washington, Oregon, California, Montana, New Mexico, and Texas). Providence Health & Services was founded by the Sisters of Providence in 1859 and merged with St. Joseph Health in 2016.
USS Freehold
USS Freehold (SP-347) was a minesweeper and tug that served in the United States Navy from 1917 to 1919.

Freehold was built as a commercial tug of the same name in 1903 by Neafie and Levy at Philadelphia. On 17 September 1917, the U.S. Navy chartered her for use as a minesweeper and tug during World War I. She was commissioned on 22 September 1917 as USS Freehold (SP-347).

Assigned to the 3rd Naval District, Freehold performed minesweeping duties in the New York City area for the remainder of World War I, sweeping and buoying channels daily for convoys entering and leaving New York Harbor. She also performed general tug duties through the end of the war and into 1919.

On 17 April 1919, Freehold was assisting in the docking of the British Cunard Line passenger ship RMS Saxonia when one of Saxonia's propellers struck her. Freehold sank, with the loss of one of her crew members.

Freehold was refloated, overhauled, and returned to her owner on 27 May 1919.

New York Harbor
New York Harbor is a bay that covers all of the Upper Bay. It is at the mouth of the Hudson River near the East River tidal estuary on the East Coast of the United States.

New York Harbor is generally synonymous with  Upper New York Bay, which is enclosed by the New York City boroughs of Manhattan, Brooklyn, and Staten Island and the Hudson County, New Jersey, municipalities of Jersey City and Bayonne, although in colloquial usage it can sometimes expand to cover Upper and Lower New York Bay. New York Harbor is one of the largest natural harbors in the world.
Henry "Harry" Charles Pernot House
The Henry "Harry" Charles Pernot House is a historic house at 119 Fayetteville Road in Van Buren, Arkansas.  Built in the early 20th century, it is an eclectic and late example of blended Queen Anne and Second Empire architecture.  It has asymmetrical massing and a tower, characteristic of the Second Empire, along with a Queen Anne porch that features turned posts and a spindled valance.  Harry Pernot, who built it, was mayor of Van Buren, 1904–1909.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2017.

Van Buren, Arkansas
Van Buren (/væn ˈbjʊərən/ van BURE-ən) is the second-largest city in the Fort Smith, Arkansas–Oklahoma Metropolitan Statistical Area and the county seat of Crawford County, Arkansas, United States. The city is located directly northeast of Fort Smith at the Interstate 40 – Interstate 540 junction. The city was incorporated in 1845 and as of the 2020 census had a population of 23,218, ranking it as the state's 21st largest city. According to 2023 population estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau, Van Buren’s population is 24,138.  With a 4% growth rate from 2020 to 2023, Van Buren is Arkansas’s eighth-fastest growing city.
Diiron silicide
Diiron silicide (Fe2Si) is an intermetallic compound, a silicide of iron. It occurs in  cosmic dust as the mineral hapkeite. It is a non-stoichiometric compound where the Fe:Si ratio depends on the sample preparation. A related compound Fe5Si3 occurs in nature as the mineral xifengite.

Xifengite
Xifengite (Fe5Si3) is a rare metallic iron silicide mineral. The crystal system of xifengite is hexagonal. It has a specific gravity of 6.45 and a Mohs hardness of 5.5. It occurs as steel gray inclusions within other meteorite derived nickel iron mineral phases.

It was first described in 1984 and named for the eastern passageway, Xifengkou, of the Great Wall of China. The type locality is the Yanshan meteorite of the Hebei Province, China. It has also been reported from dredgings along the East Pacific Rise.

The other known natural iron silicide minerals are gupeiite (Fe3Si), hapkeite (Fe2Si), linzhiite (FeSi2), luobusaite (Fe0.84Si2), naquite (FeSi), suessite ((Fe,Ni)3Si), and zangboite (TiFeSi2).