hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Viagrande
Viagrande (Sicilian: Varanni) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Catania in the Italian region Sicily, located about 224 kilometres (139 mi) southeast of Palermo and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) north of Catania. Viagrande is 18 kilometres (11 mi) from the summit of Mount Etna, which lies to its north by northwest, although the road to the volcano's peak is 72 kilometres (45 mi) necessitating a nearly two-hour drive.

Viagrande borders the following municipalities: Aci Bonaccorsi, Aci Sant'Antonio, San Giovanni la Punta, Trecastagni, Zafferana Etnea.

Metropolitan City of Catania
The Metropolitan City of Catania (Italian: città metropolitana di Catania) is a metropolitan city in Sicily, Italy. Its capital is the city of Catania. It replaced the province of Catania and comprises the city of Catania and 57 other communes. It has 1,068,563 inhabitants as of 2025, making it the 7th most populated metropolitan city in the country.
Dougal (name)
Dougal is a Scottish masculine given name. It is an Anglicised form of the Scottish Gaelic Dubhghall, or Dùghall. These Gaelic names are composed of the elements: dubh, meaning "black"; and gall, meaning "impostor". The Gaelic names are derived from a byname, said to have referred to a Dane, in contrast to the fairer Norwegians.

Variants of Dougal include Dugald, Dougald and Dugal. A pet form of Dougal is Dougie.

Goidelic languages
The Goidelic (/ɡɔɪˈdɛlɪk/ goy-DEL-ik) or Gaelic languages (/ˈɡeɪlɪk/ GALE-ik; Irish: teangacha Gaelacha; Scottish Gaelic: cànanan Goidhealach; Manx: çhengaghyn Gaelgagh) form one of the two groups of Insular Celtic languages, the other being the Brittonic languages.

Goidelic languages historically formed a dialect continuum stretching from Ireland through the Isle of Man to Scotland. There are three modern Goidelic languages: Irish (Gaeilge), Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig), and Manx (Gaelg). Manx died out as a first language in the 20th century but has since been revived to some degree.
Illinois-Indiana Sea Grant
Illinois-Indiana Sea Grant provides education, research, and funding to help strengthen and preserve the ecosystems and communities of the southern Lake Michigan region, 104 miles of heavily urbanized and industrialized shoreline in Illinois and Indiana. One third of the population of the Great Lakes lives along the shore of Lake Michigan between Milwaukee, Wisconsin and Michigan City, Indiana, and Lake Michigan is the "largest drinking water supply in the state, serving nearly 6.6 million people (of a total of over 10 million lake-wide)." Illinois-Indiana Sea Grant focuses their efforts in four key areas: Healthy Ecosystems; Sustainable Coasts; Safe, Sustainable Seafood; and Great Lakes Literacy and Workforce Development. Program administration for this organization moved to Purdue University in 2018.

Michigan City, Indiana
Michigan City is a city in LaPorte County, Indiana, United States. It had a population of 32,075 at the 2020 census. Located along Lake Michigan in the Michiana region, the city is about 45 miles (72 km) east of Chicago and is 40 miles (64 km) west of South Bend.

Michigan City is noted for both its proximity to Indiana Dunes National Park and for bordering Lake Michigan. It receives a fair amount of tourism during the summer, especially by residents of Chicago and nearby cities in Northern Indiana. It is connected to Chicago via the South Shore Line passenger train.
Ryan Zimmerman
Ryan Wallace Zimmerman (born September 28, 1984) is an American former professional baseball infielder who spent his entire 17-year Major League Baseball (MLB) career with the Washington Nationals. Zimmerman graduated from Kellam High School in Virginia Beach, Virginia, and played college baseball at the University of Virginia. Nicknamed "Mr. National", he was selected in the first round as the fourth overall pick by the Nationals in the 2005 MLB draft and then played for the team from its 2005 inaugural season in Washington, D.C., through 2021. Known for his clutch hitting and walk-off hits, Zimmerman was primarily a third baseman before moving to first base in 2015. He was twice selected as an MLB All-Star, won one Gold Glove and two Silver Slugger awards, and was a World Series champion with the 2019 Nationals.

Clutch hitter
A clutch hitter is a baseball player who is seemingly adept at getting a hit in high-pressure situations, i.e. in the clutch. This usually refers to getting a hit (particularly a home run) when the player's team is trailing late in a game and needs to score to tie or take the lead, especially if there are already two outs in the inning and/or the batter already has two strikes. That said, a clutch hit can occur at any point in the game if the circumstances are similarly high-stakes. Establishing a reputation as a clutch hitter is desirable for a player. Although clutch hits are recorded no differently than any other hit for statistical purposes, the notion that a player is more likely to produce clutch hits compared to other players can be advantageous in contract negotiations (especially in the modern free agency system).
Helicostyla nobilis
Helicostyla nobilis is a species of medium-sized, air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Camaenidae.

This species can be found in the Philippines. Shells can reach a length of about 60 millimetres (2.4 in).

Camaenidae
Camaenidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea, the typical snails and their allies. This is one of the most diverse families in the clade Stylommatophora.

These snails occur in a wide variety of habitats in the tropics of Eastern Asia and Australasia.

A large American group, which is mainly represented by species from the Caribbean, has, until recently, also been subsumed under the Camaenidae. However, latest molecular phylogenetic studies showed that these species represent a different family, the Pleurodontidae.

This molecular study also implies that the Bradybaeninae, previously treated as a distinct family within the Helicoidea, is a junior synonym of the Camaenidae.
The Capsule
The Capsule is a 2012 Greek short drama film directed by Athina Rachel Tsangari and starring Ariane Labed, Isolda Dychauk, Clémence Poésy, and Aurora Marion. Aleksandra Waliszewska is co-writer of the film. The spoken language is French. The film was shot in Hydra. The film was nominated for the Short Film Grand Jury Prize at the Sundance Film Festival.

Ariane Labed
Ariane Labed (born 8 May 1984) is a Greek-French actress and film director. She is known for her feature film debut in Attenberg, for which she won the Volpi Cup for Best Actress, and appearing in Helen Edmundson's film Mary Magdalene in 2018.
Tchiamba-Nzassi
Since 2011, Tchiamba-Nzassi is a district of the Pointe-Noire Department in the Republic of the Congo. The seat is located in the urban community of Tchiamba-Nzassi.

Formerly the district was part of the Kouilou Department.

Kouilou Department
04°19′40″S 11°53′37″E﻿ / ﻿4.32778°S 11.89361°E﻿ / -4.32778; 11.89361

Kouilou (Kongo: Kwilu, Kuilu ) is a department of the Republic of the Congo. Covering the country's coastline, it has an area of 13,650 square kilometres and at the start of 2023 it was home to about 97,362 people. The department borders Niari Department, the commune of Pointe-Noire, and internationally, Gabon and the Cabinda area of Angola.

Since 2011 the town of Loango has been the capital of the Kouilou department. Before, the capital was Hinda (see "Villages and towns" part).

Kouilou is also the name of a river, the Kouilou-Niari River.
Barry Opdam
Barry Opdam (born 27 February 1976) is a Dutch retired footballer who played as a central defender.

He spent most of his 16-year professional career with AZ, amassing Eredivisie totals of 316 games and 13 goals over the course of 11 seasons, all with that club.

Eerste Divisie
The Eerste Divisie (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈeːrstə diˈvizi]; English: First Division), officially known as the Keuken Kampioen Divisie due to sponsorship reasons, is the second-highest tier of football in the Netherlands. It is linked with the top-level Eredivisie via promotion/relegation systems.
A Charm of Lullabies
A Charm of Lullabies, Op.41 is a song cycle for mezzo-soprano with piano accompaniment by Benjamin Britten. It consists of five songs composed on poems by William Blake, Robert Burns, Robert Greene, Thomas Randolph and John Phillip. It was written in 1947 for Nancy Evans, who gave the first performance with Felix de Nobel (piano) at a festival in The Hague 3 January 1948. The score was first published in 1949 by Boosey and Hawkes in London.

A performance of the cycle takes about 12 minutes. The variety of texts lends itself to variety of music, and questions the concept of 'lullaby'; especially the fourth song, "A Charm", which humorously threatens the child with all sorts of torment if it doesn't go to sleep.

Boosey & Hawkes
Boosey & Hawkes is a British music publisher, purported to be the largest specialist classical music publisher in the world. Until 2003, it was also a major manufacturer of brass, string and woodwind musical instruments.

Formed in 1930 through the merger of two well-established British music businesses, Boosey & Hawkes controls the copyright to much major 20th-century music, including works by Leonard Bernstein, Benjamin Britten, Aaron Copland, Sergei Prokofiev, and Igor Stravinsky. It also publishes many prominent contemporary composers, including John Adams, Karl Jenkins, James MacMillan, Mark-Anthony Turnage, and Steve Reich.

With subsidiaries in Berlin and New York, the company also sells sheet music via its online shop.
Guyanancistrus brownsbergensis
Guyanancistrus brownsbergensis is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the upper Kumbu Creek, which is part of the Saramacca River basin, in Brownsberg Nature Park in the Brownsberg Mountains in Suriname. The type locality of the species is a small mountain stream with a width of 2.5 to 3.7 m (8.2 to 12.1 ft), a depth of 28 to 50 cm (11 to 19.7 inches), a temperature of 23.1 to 23.2 °C (73.6 to 73.8 °F), an oxygen concentration of 7.08 to 7.72 g/mL, an oxygen saturation of 93% to 96%, a pH of 7 to 7.5, a conductivity of 30.8 to 31.6 μS/cm, and a current strength of 0.29 to 0.56 m/s. The stream has clear water and a substrate composed of sand, gravel, pebbles, bedrock, and boulders, and overhanging vegetation, leaf litter, and woody debris are present. The species reaches 6.4 cm (2.5 inches) in standard length. It is known that the habitat of the species is threatened by illegal gold mining.

Oxygen saturation
Oxygen  saturation (symbol SO2) is a relative measure of the concentration of oxygen that is dissolved or carried in a given medium as a proportion of the maximal concentration that can be dissolved in that medium at the given temperature. It can be measured with a dissolved oxygen probe such as an oxygen sensor or an optode in liquid media, usually water. The standard unit of oxygen saturation is percent (%).

Oxygen saturation can be measured regionally and noninvasively. Arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) is commonly measured using pulse oximetry. Tissue saturation at peripheral scale can be measured using NIRSTooltip near-infrared spectroscopy. This technique can be applied on both muscle and brain.
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 83
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 83 (P. Oxy. 83) is a declaration by an egg-seller, written in Greek. The manuscript was written on papyrus in the form of a sheet. It was discovered by Grenfell and Hunt in 1897 in Oxyrhynchus. The document was written on 17 January 328. Formerly it was housed in the Rugby School in Rugby. The current location of the fragment is unknown. The text was published by Grenfell and Hunt in 1898.

The letter contains a declaration on oath, made by an egg-seller, addressed to the logistes. The author, Aurelius Nilus, affirms that he will sell eggs only in the public market (ἀγορά). He agrees that he will not sell them secretly or from his house, and that he will be subject to the penalty provided for breaking the oath should he be caught doing so. The measurements of the fragment are 262 by 96 mm.

Rugby School
Rugby School is a private boarding school for pupils aged 13–18, located in the town of Rugby, Warwickshire in England.

Founded in 1567 as a free grammar school for local boys, it is one of the oldest independent schools in Britain. Up to 1667, the school remained in comparative obscurity. Its re-establishment by Thomas Arnold during his time as Headmaster, from 1828 to 1841, was seen as the forerunner of the Victorian public school. It was one of nine schools investigated by the Clarendon Commission of 1864 and later regulated as one of the seven schools included in the Public Schools Act 1868. Originally a boys' school, it became fully co-educational in 1992.

The school's alumni – or "Old Rugbeians" – include a UK prime minister, a French prime minister, several bishops, poets, scientists, writers and soldiers.

Rugby School is the birthplace of rugby football.
Spriit
Spriit is an Estonian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Edgar Spriit (1922–1993), Estonian journalist, satirist, editor and politician

Eero Spriit (born 1949), Estonian actor, theatre producer and director, and film and television producer

Estonian name
In Estonia, a person must have a surname and one or more given names. One or two given names are common, whereas the legally permitted maximum number (three) given names is nowadays very rarely used. Surname is inherited from one of the parents, and given names must be chosen by the parents at birth. The calling name, by which the person is normally identified in conversation, is one of the given names, typically the first. For example, the former president Lennart Georg Meri was usually called Lennart, and became widely known as Lennart Meri.

There is no patronymic part and multiple given names are used rarely. During the Soviet occupation,  the official names of Estonians followed the East Slavic naming customs of "given name"/"patronymic"/"family name",  but this custom was abandoned in the post-Soviet Estonia.
Lars O. Lein
Lars O. Lein (May 17, 1874 – May 5, 1958) was an American farmer and politician.

Born in the Town of Albion, Dane County, Wisconsin, Lein graduated from Albion Academy. He was a farmer and was involved with the creamery, tobacco, and insurance businesses. He lived in Edgerton, Wisconsin. In 1941, Lein served in the Wisconsin State Assembly and was a Progressive. Lein died in Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin.

Dane County, Wisconsin
Dane County is a county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 561,504, making it the second-most populous county in Wisconsin after Milwaukee County. Dane County is the fastest growing county in Wisconsin. It contains nearly 10% of the population of Wisconsin, and it only contained 5% of Wisconsin's population in 1950.

The county seat is Madison, which is also the state capital. Dane County is the central county of the Madison metropolitan area, as well as the Madison–Janesville–Beloit combined statistical area.
Charles F. Winslow
Dr. Charles Frederick Winslow (30 June 1811 – 7 July 1877) was a medical doctor, diplomat, writer, and scientist born in Nantucket, Massachusetts. He received his medical degree from Harvard Medical School in 1834.  He is the author of "Force and Nature", an early work on atomic theory. He served as a physician in Lahaina, Maui, Hawaii from 1844 to 1847, and also in Nantucket, Massachusetts. He was appointed U.S. Consul at Payta, Peru, a noted whaling port, in 1862. He died July 7, 1877. After his death, he was cremated in Salt Lake City, Utah, on July 31, 1877.  This was the second recorded cremation in U.S.history. His heart is buried in Nantucket, in the Newtown Burial Ground. His ashes are buried with his wife's remains in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

History of atomic theory
Atomic theory is the scientific theory that matter is composed of particles called atoms. The definition of the word "atom" has changed over the years in response to scientific discoveries. Initially, it referred to a hypothetical fundamental particle of matter, too small to be seen by the naked eye, that could not be divided. Then the definition was refined to being the basic particles of the chemical elements, when chemists observed that elements seemed to combine with each other in ratios of small whole numbers. Then physicists discovered that these atoms had an internal structure of their own and therefore could be divided after all.

Atomic theory is one of the most important scientific developments in history, crucial to all the physical sciences. At the start of The Feynman Lectures on Physics, physicist and Nobel laureate Richard Feynman offers the atomic hypothesis as the single most prolific scientific concept.
Irving H. Bartlett
Irving Henry Bartlett (1923 – July 1, 2006) was an American historian.

After graduating from Ohio Wesleyan University, Bartlett obtained his master's and doctoral degrees at Brown University. He taught at Cape Cod Community College, the Rhode Island College of Education, and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology before joining the University of Massachusetts Boston, where he was the John F. Kennedy Professor of American Civilization. Bartlett was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1966. He died in Hingham, Massachusetts on July 1, 2006, aged 83.

Rhode Island College
Rhode Island College (RIC) is a public college in Rhode Island, United States, with much of the land in Providence, and other parts in North Providence. The college was established in 1854 as the Rhode Island State Normal School, making it the second-oldest institution of higher education in Rhode Island after Brown University. Located on a 180-acre (73 ha) campus, the college has a student body of 6,000. RIC is a member of the NCAA and has 17 Division III teams.
Gonodes liquida
Gonodes liquida is a moth of the family Noctuidae first described by Heinrich Benno Möschler in 1886. It is found from the southern United States (Florida) through St. Kitts, Cuba and Jamaica to the north of South America (Peru, Venezuela and French Guiana).

Heinrich Benno Möschler
Heinrich Benno Möschler (28 October 1831, in Herrnhut – 21 November 1888, in Kronförstchen, near Bautzen) was a German entomologist who specialised in Lepidoptera.

Möschler was a butterfly dealer and a member of the Entomological Society of Stettin. His collections from Suriname and Puerto Rico are in the Natural History Museum, Berlin. His microlepidoptera are in the Museum of Natural History, Görlitz.
Homona eductana
Homona eductana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in India (Hindostan, Andaman Islands), Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore and China.

The larvae feed on Durio zibethinus, Garcinia mangostana, Castanopsis fissa, Quercus oidocarpa, Melastoma malabathricum, Sandoricum koetjabe, Eucalyptus deglupta, Allophylus, Dimocarpus longan, Litchi chinensis, Nephelium lappaceum, Theobroma cacao, Phaseolus, Morus, Camellia, Psidium guajava, Mangifera species (including Mangifera indica), Citrus species (including Citrus medica) and Bruguiera cylindrica.

Durio zibethinus
Durio zibethinus is the most common tree species in the genus Durio, commonly known as durian and has edible fruits by the same name.

As with most other durian species, the edible flesh emits a distinctive odour that is strong and penetrating even when the husk is intact. Some people regard the durian as having a pleasantly sweet fragrance; others find the aroma overpowering and revolting. The persistence of its odour has led to the fruit's banishment from certain hotels and public transportation in Southeast Asia.

There are 30 recognised Durio species, at least nine of which produce edible fruit. D. zibethinus is the only species available in the international market: other species are sold in their local regions. There are hundreds of cultivars of D. zibethinus; many consumers express preferences for specific cultivars, which fetch higher prices in the market.
Icom IC-V82
The Icom IC-V82 is a VHF band handheld transceiver designed by Icom for radio amateurs and professionals who require VHF communication. Although it is a little outdated, (launched in 2004 and discontinued in 2014), the IC-V82 is still valued in the second hand market for a number of additional features such as the ability to convert it, by adding a module, into a digital device, which make it ideal for certain applications requiring voice and/or data encryption.

Amateur radio operator
An amateur radio operator is someone who uses equipment at an amateur radio station to engage in two-way personal communications with other amateur operators on radio frequencies assigned to the amateur radio service. Amateur radio operators have been granted an amateur radio license by a governmental regulatory authority after passing an examination on applicable regulations, electronics, radio theory, and radio operation. As a component of their license, amateur radio operators are assigned a call sign that they use to identify themselves during communication. About three million amateur radio operators are currently active worldwide.

Amateur radio operators are also known as radio amateurs or hams. The term "ham" as a nickname for amateur radio operators originated in a pejorative usage (like "ham actor") by operators in commercial and professional radio communities, and dates to wired telegraphy. The word was, in the 1920s, adopted by amateur radio operators.
Puerto Rico women's national under-17 basketball team
The Puerto Rico women's national under-15, under-16 and under-17 basketball team is a national basketball team of Puerto Rico, administered by the Puerto Rican Basketball Federation (Spanish: Federación de Baloncesto de Puerto Rico), abbreviated as FBPUR. It represents the country in international under-15, under-16 and under-17 women's basketball competitions.

Puerto Rican Basketball Federation
The Puerto Rican Basketball Federation (Spanish: Federación de Baloncesto de Puerto Rico or FBPR) is the governing body of basketball in the territory of Puerto Rico. As of October 18, 2021 the Puerto Rican men's national basketball team is ranked 19th in the world.
Gunther's banded tree frog
Gunther's banded tree frog (Boana fasciata) is a species of frog in the family Hylidae. The species was re-delimited in 2014 and most of the earlier records assigned to this species refer to Boana maculateralis, Boana alfaroi, Boana tetete, and possibly also to an unnamed species. It is known with certainty only from the upper and lower montane forests on the western edge of the Amazon Basin in Ecuador (Zamora-Chinchipe, Morona-Santia, and Pichincha Provinces) and Peru (Amazonas Region), at elevations of 730–1,530 m (2,400–5,020 ft) above sea level.

Hylidae
Hylidae is a wide-ranging family of frogs commonly referred to as "tree frogs and their allies". However, the hylids include a diversity of frog species, many of which do not live in trees, but are terrestrial or semiaquatic.
KFOH-LP
KFOH-LP (99.3 FM) is a radio station licensed to serve the community of Saint Joseph, Missouri. The station is owned by St. Joseph Music Foundation. It airs a variety format.

The station was assigned the KFOH-LP call letters by the Federal Communications Commission on June 9, 2014.

2014 in radio
The following is a list of events affecting radio broadcasting in 2014. Events listed include radio program debuts, finales, cancellations, and station launches, closures and format changes, as well as information about controversies.