hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Oath of citizenship
An oath of citizenship is an oath taken by immigrants that officially naturalizes immigrants into citizens. It is often the final step in this process, and is usually done in a ceremonial capacity. An oath of citizenship is designed to be a statement of patriotism and loyalty to the new country. In countries which retain a monarchical system of government, an oath of allegiance to the monarch is often required as well. Adding an oath to God to the end of an oath is usually optional.

Monarch
A monarch (/ˈmɒnərk/) is a head of state for life or until abdication, and therefore the head of state of a monarchy. A monarch usually exercises the highest authority and power in the state. Usually, a monarch either personally inherits the lawful right to exercise the state's sovereign rights (often referred to as the throne or the crown) or is selected by an established process from a family or cohort eligible to provide the nation's monarch. Alternatively, an individual may proclaim oneself monarch, or even usurp power, as many Ancient Greek tyrants did. If a young child is crowned the monarch, then a regent is often appointed to govern until the monarch reaches the requisite adult age to rule.
Cadabra (computer program)
Cadabra is a computer algebra system designed specifically for the solution of problems encountered in classical field theory, quantum field theory and string theory.

The first version of Cadabra was developed around 2001 for computing higher-derivative string theory correction to supergravity.

Released under the GNU General Public License, Cadabra is free software.

Cadabra has extensive functionality for tensor polynomial simplification including multi-term symmetries, fermions and anti-commuting variables, Clifford algebras and Fierz transformations, implicit coordinate dependence, multiple index types and many more. The input format is a subset of TeX. Both a command-line and a graphical interface are available.

A Java program inspired by Cadabra called Redberry was developed between 2013 and 2016. It achieved faster speeds for most index contractions with an approach based on the graph isomorphism problem rather than canonicalisation.

Quantum field theory
In theoretical physics, quantum field theory (QFT) is a theoretical framework that combines field theory, special relativity and quantum mechanics.: xi  QFT is used in particle physics to construct physical models of subatomic particles and in condensed matter physics to construct models of quasiparticles. The current standard model of particle physics is based on QFT.

Despite its extraordinary predictive success, QFT faces ongoing challenges in fully incorporating gravity and in establishing a completely rigorous mathematical foundation.
Icepick (band)
Icepick is an American metalcore band formed in 1996. It serves as a side project to Jamey Jasta of Hatebreed, Danny Diablo, and other musicians of the hardcore punk and hip hop scenes. Although founded in 1996, Icepick remained virtually stagnant until the song "Born to Crush You" appeared on UFC: Ultimate Beat Downs, Vol. 1 in August 2004. Former UFC heavyweight champion Andrei Arlovski frequently uses their song "Onward to Victory" as his entrance music for fights.

Icepick's debut album, Violent Epiphany, was released on April 18, 2006, under Jasta's record label, Stillborn Records. It features guest vocals by musicians including Ice-T, Roger Miret, Freddy Cricien, Al Barr, Paul Bearer of Sheer Terror, and Pete Morcey of 100 Demons. Wrote Allmusic, the album "is exactly what you'd expect from a Jasta-Ezec union -- spit-flying, angsty hollering and riffs that alternate between ragingly fast and grindingly slow."

Freddy Cricien
Freddy Cricien (born November 4, 1975), also known as Freddy Madball, is an American vocalist, producer and songwriter, primarily known as the lead singer of the New York hardcore band Madball. He is also the lead singer of Hazen Street and has a hip-hop career from which debut album was November 2009's Catholic Guilt. He also moonlights as an MC with DJ Stress as the hip-hop duo Freddy Madball & DJ Stress.
Nefsidoğanlı, Pazarcık
Nefsidoğanlı is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Pazarcık, Kahramanmaraş Province, Turkey. The village is inhabited by Alevi Kurds of the Reşwan tribe and had a population of 354 in 2022.

Reşwan
Reşwan, (Kurdish: ڕەشوان, Reşwan; Turkish: Rişvan) also known as Reşiyan,  is a Kurdish tribe, native to the western frontier of Kurdistan,  mostly populating Adıyaman, Gaziantep, Kahramanmaraş and Malatya provinces in Turkey and also present in Konya and Ankara provinces, Raqqa in Syria, and they live in Gilan, Khorasan province Qazvin Province citisies in Iran. Members of the tribe mostly adhere to the Hanafi school of Islam but some are Alevi.
National Collegiate Wrestling Association
The National Collegiate Wrestling Association (NCWA) is a nonprofit association of 162 institutions, conferences, organizations and individuals that organize the wrestling programs of many colleges and universities in the United States and Canada. It is led by founder and executive director Jim Giunta headquartered in Dallas, Texas and built to help the promotion of collegiate wrestling.

Many teams were formerly NCAA programs displaced by Title IX legislation and/or are preparing to join the NCAA, NAIA, or NJCAA. Teams in transition to a higher division not eligible for the NCAA postseason also compete in the NCWA. Notable wrestling programs to have started or competed in the NCWA and are now in other associations include: Bellarmine, California Baptist, Lindenwood - St. Charles, McKendree, Notre Dame College, Queens, and Southern Illinois Edwardsville.

National Junior College Athletic Association
The National Junior College Athletic Association (NJCAA or JUCO) is the governing association of community college, state college, and junior college athletics throughout the United States. Currently, the NJCAA holds 24 separate regions across 24 states, and it is divided into three divisions.
Nickels Grill & Bar
Nickels is a Canadian casual dining restaurant chain.  The restaurant has an extensive menu ranging from complete breakfasts to hamburgers, milkshakes, pizza, chicken, ribs, salads and a number of sandwiches, including Montreal-style smoked meat.

Chain store
A chain store or retail chain is a retail outlet in which several locations share a brand, central management, and standardized business practices. They have come to dominate many retail markets, dining markets, and service categories in many parts of the world. A franchised retail establishment is one form of a chain store.  In 2005, the world's largest retail chain, Walmart, became the world's largest corporation based on gross sales.
Obi divination
Obi divination is a system of divination used in the traditional Yoruba religion and in Yoruba-derived Afro-American religions. In Yorubaland, it uses palm or kola nuts; in Latin America and the Caribbean it uses four pieces of coconut.

Obi divination is also interconnected with Ifá and Iwa Pele.

Kola nut
The kola nut is the seed of certain species of plant of the genus Cola, placed formerly in the cocoa family Sterculiaceae, and now usually subsumed in the mallow family Malvaceae (as subfamily Sterculioideae). These species are trees native to the tropical rainforests of Africa. Their caffeine-containing seeds are used as flavoring ingredients in various carbonated soft drinks; the name "cola" for a variety of soft drink is derived from this use.
François Duhamel
François Duhamel (born 20 November 1984) is a French former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. He played on the professional level in Ligue 2 for Châteauroux and in the Championnat National for Moulins.

AS Moulins
Académie Sportive Moulins Football, commonly known as AS Moulins or simply Moulins, is a French football club based in Moulins. The club was founded in 1927 as Association Sportive Moulins Football 03 Auvergne, and was reborn under the current name in 2016 after the original club filed for bankruptcy. Moulins play at the Stade Hector Rolland, which has a capacity of 1,000, and the club colours are white and blue.
Mazhiq Mosque
The Mazhiq Mosque or the Mosque of Mazhiq is a cultural heritage monument of Kosovo, located 13 km (8 mi) from Mitrovica, in the village of Mazhiq. The mosque was built around the 15th century and today is almost fully destroyed, having lost its original function. This monument is classified as "architectural" and has been approved with the number 004 in the list of monuments of Kosovo. Together with St. Peter's Basilica Church in Stantërg, located around 2 km away and also in ruins, they stand as important religious and cultural landmarks in the region of Shala e Bajgorës.

Stantërg
Stantërg is a small town located near the city of Mitrovica. Shala e Bajgorës region in Kosovo. It is best known for its proximity to the Trepça Mines, one of the largest mining complexes in Europe. The town has a rich mining history, with the Trepça Mine being a significant source of lead, zinc, and silver.
Ectoedemia ulmella
Ectoedemia ulmella is a moth of the family Nepticulidae. It is found in Kentucky and Pennsylvania in the United States.

The wingspan is 4–5 mm. There are two generations per year. Mature larvae are found in July and in September.

The larvae feed on Ulmus fulva and Ulmus thomasii. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

Ulmus rubra
Ulmus rubra, the slippery elm, is a species of elm native to eastern North America. Other common names include red elm, gray elm, soft elm, moose elm, and Indian elm. It is closely related to the European wych elm (U. glabra), which has a very similar flower structure but lacks the pubescence over the seed.
Robert Marett (diplomat)
Sir Robert Hugh Kirk Marett, KCMG, OBE, FRAI (1907–1981) was a British writer, businessman, civil servant, and diplomat. He was the Consul-General of the United Kingdom to Boston from 1955 to 1958, and the British Ambassador to Peru from 1963 to 1967.

Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland
The Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland (RAI) is a long-established anthropological organisation, and Learned Society, with a global membership. Its remit includes all the component fields of anthropology, such as biological anthropology, evolutionary anthropology, social anthropology, cultural anthropology, visual anthropology and medical anthropology, as well as sub-specialisms within these, and interests shared with neighbouring disciplines such as human genetics, archaeology and linguistics. It seeks to combine a tradition of scholarship with services to anthropologists, including students.

The RAI promotes the public understanding of anthropology, as well as the contribution anthropology can make to public affairs and social issues. It includes within its constituency not only academic anthropologists, but also those with a general interest in the subject, and those trained in anthropology who work in other fields.
Toyotomi Hidekatsu
Toyotomi Hidekatsu (豊臣 秀勝, 1569 – October 14, 1592) was Toyotomi Hideyoshi's nephew (later adopted) and a Japanese samurai of the Sengoku period. He was the lord of Gifu Castle between 1591-1592.

He was the second son of Hideyoshi's sister, Tomo, with Miyoshi Kazumichi. His childhood name was Kokichi and given that he is often confused with Hashiba Hidekatsu (fourth son of the Oda Nobunaga and also adopted son of Toyotomi Hideyoshi), historians refer to him as Kokichi Hidekatsu for convenience. He married Oeyo, daughter of Oichi and Azai Nagamasa and the sister of Yodo-dono.

In 1592, he participated in the Japanese invasions of Korea launched by Toyotomi Hideyoshi, where he died of illness at Karashima (Kyosaito) [called Geoje Island, Korea].

His daughter Toyotomi Sadako married the regent Kujō Yukiie and become Kita no mandokoro.

Gifu Castle
Gifu Castle (岐阜城, Gifu-jō) is a Japanese castle located in the city of Gifu, Gifu Prefecture, Japan. Along with Mount Kinka and the Nagara River, it is one of the main symbols of the city. The castle is also known as Inabayama Castle (稲葉山城, Inabayama-jō). It was designated a National Historic Site in 2011.
Eugenius II of Constantinople
Eugenius II of Constantinople (Greek: Εὐγένιος; c. 1780 – 27 July 1822) was the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople from 1821 until his death in 1822. Prior to his election as Patriarch, he was Archbishop of Anchialos in Bulgaria.

Eugenius II was among the Archbishops held as hostages by Mahmud II along with Gregory V of Constantinople when the Greek War of Independence broke out in 1821. On 10 April 1821, Gregory V was deposed and hanged by the Ottomans in the central gate of the Ecumenical Patriarchate. Archbishop Eugenius II, still a prisoner at the time, was elected as the new Patriarch under the name Eugenius II.

Pomorie
Pomorie (Bulgarian: Поморие [poˈmɔriɛ]), historically known as Anchialos (Bulgarian: Анхиало, Greek: Αγχίαλος), is a town and seaside resort in southeastern Bulgaria, located on a narrow rocky peninsula in Burgas Bay on the southern Bulgarian Black Sea Coast.

It is situated in Burgas Province, 20,5 km away from the city of Burgas and 18 km from the Sunny Beach resort. The ultrasaline lagoon Lake Pomorie, the northernmost of the Burgas Lakes, lies in the immediate proximity. The town is the administrative centre of the eponymous Pomorie Municipality.

Pomorie is an ancient city and today is an important tourist destination. As of 2020, it had a population of 13,926.
Malcolm Thomas (basketball, born 1963)
Malcolm Thomas (born c. 1963) is a former college basketball player.  He is listed at 6' 7" and played forward/guard for the University of Missouri (1983–1985).

Thomas first began playing collegiate basketball at Moberly (Mo.) Junior College (1981–1983) where he was named Outstanding Player by the National Junior College Tournament in 1983. He chose to transfer to Mizzou where he led the Tigers in scoring (17.4 ppg), field goal percentage (.530), rebounds (8.2 rpg) and blocks (37 total) in his senior year there. Thomas was named first team All Conference and an honorable mention All-American. He was later selected in the sixth round (121st pick overall) of the 1985 NBA draft by the Los Angeles Clippers; however, he was wasn't able make the roster and never got to play in the NBA.

Thomas has a son, also named Malcolm Thomas, who plays professional basketball.

Moberly Area Community College
Moberly Area Community College (MACC) is a public community college based in Moberly, Missouri. In addition to the Moberly campus, MACC has four auxiliary campuses in Columbia, Hannibal, Kirksville, and Mexico. The college is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission. In 2010, MACC enrollment was approximately 5,600 students.
Annie E. Casey Foundation
The Annie E. Casey Foundation (AECF) is a charitable foundation focused on improving the well-being of American children and youth.

The AECF is one of the dominant organizations in child welfare and juvenile justice in the U.S., and one of the most influential "watchdogs" for child well-being, as they collect and publish most of the data on children in poverty in the U.S. annually, through its Kids Count Data Book.

Foundation (nonprofit)
A foundation (also referred to as a charitable foundation) is a type of nonprofit organization or charitable trust that usually provides funding and support to other charitable organizations through grants, while also potentially participating directly in charitable activities. Foundations encompass public charitable foundations, like community foundations, and private foundations, which are often endowed by an individual or family. Nevertheless, the term "foundation" might also be adopted by organizations not primarily engaged in public grantmaking.
2011–12 UCI Oceania Tour
The 2011–12 UCI Oceania Tour was the eighth season of the UCI Oceania Tour. The season began on 12 October 2011 with the Herald Sun Tour and ended on 18 March 2012 with the Oceania Cycling Championships.

The points leader, based on the cumulative results of previous races, wears the UCI Oceania Tour cycling jersey. Richard Lang of Australia was the defending champion of the 2011 UCI Oceania Tour. Paul Odlin of New Zealand was crowned as the 2011–12 UCI Oceania Tour champion.

Throughout the season, points are awarded to the top finishers of stages within stage races and the final general classification standings of each of the stages races and one-day events. The quality and complexity of a race also determines how many points are awarded to the top finishers, the higher the UCI rating of a race, the more points are awarded.
The UCI ratings from highest to lowest are as follows:

Multi-day events: 2.HC, 2.1 and 2.2

One-day events: 1.HC, 1.1 and 1.2

Herald Sun Tour
The Herald Sun Tour is an Australian professional bicycle race held in Melbourne and provincial Victoria, sanctioned by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI). The first tour was held in October 1952 as a six-day event. It is now held annually over five days in February, though as of 2024 the most recent edition was in 2020.  It is named after the Herald Sun, Melbourne's only daily tabloid newspaper.  It was originally known as the Sun Tour after The Sun News-Pictorial, and changed its name when The Sun News-Pictorial merged with The Herald in 1990.
Opsaridium ubangiense
Opsaridium ubangiense is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Danionidae. It is found in coastal basins from Cameroon to the Republic of the Congo. It is also found in upper tributaries of Lake Chad and the Benue River, and the Congo River basin.

Danionin
The danionins are a group of small, slender "minnow-type" freshwater fish nestled in the family Danionidae of the suborder Cyprinoidei. Species of this group are in the genera clades Danio and Devario (which also includes Chela, Laubuka, Microdevario, and Microrasbora genera), based on the latest phylo-genetic research by Fang et al in 2009. They are primarily native to the fresh waters of South and Southeast Asia, with fewer species in Africa. Many species are brightly coloured and are available as aquarium fish worldwide. Fishes of the Danio clade tend to have horizontal striping, rows of spots, or vertical bars, and often have long barbels. Species within the Devario clade tend to have vertical or horizontal bars, and short, rudimentary barbels, if present at all. All danionins are egg scatterers, and breed in the rainy season in the wild. They are carnivores, living on insects and small crustaceans.
Isabella Fernández
Isabella Fernández de Cueto (born 2003), known as Isabella Fernández, is an American-born Dominican footballer who plays as a midfielder for Saint Peter's Peacocks and the Dominican Republic women's national team.

Saint Peter's Peacocks
The Saint Peter's Peacocks are the sixteen intercollegiate athletic teams that represent Saint Peter's University, located in Jersey City, New Jersey. The Peacocks compete in the NCAA Division I and are founding members of the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference (MAAC). They previously competed in the Metropolitan Collegiate Conference (MCC) from 1965 to 1969.
Belasco (surname)
Belasco is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

David Belasco (1853–1931), American theatrical producer and playwright

David James (David Belasco, 1839–1893), English comic actor

Jay Belasco (1888–1949), American film actor

Leon Belasco (1902–1988), Russian-American musician and actor

Lionel Belasco (1881–1967), composer and bandleader

Nic Belasco (born 1973), professional basketball player

Walter Belasco (1864–1939), Canadian silent film actor

Lionel Belasco
Lionel Belasco (Maracaibo (Venezuela) 20 September 1881 – c. 24 June 1967) also known as Lionel "Lanky" Belasco was a pianist, arranger, composer, promoter and bandleader from Trinidad and Tobago. Belasco was a pianist, composer and bandleader best known for his Calypso recordings.
Fort Washington, Pennsylvania
Fort Washington is a census-designated place and suburb of Philadelphia in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, United States. The CDP, as of 2020, is entirely in Upper Dublin Township. The population was 5,446 at the 2010 census.

SEPTA Suburban Division bus routes
The Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority operates or contracts operations of these routes serving points in Bucks, Chester, Delaware, and Montgomery counties, with a few routes operating into the city of Philadelphia. The Suburban Transit Division is broken down into three districts: Victory (Formerly: Red Arrow Division), Frontier, and Contract Operations.
Ishii Station (Tokushima)
Ishii Station (石井駅, Ishii-eki) is a passenger railway station located in the town of Ishii, Myōzai District,  Tokushima Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by JR Shikoku and has the station number "B05".

Shikoku Railway Company
The Shikoku Railway Company, commonly known as JR Shikoku, is the smallest of the seven constituent companies of the Japan Railways Group (JR Group). It operates 855.2 kilometres (531.4 mi) of intercity and local rail services in the four prefectures on the island of Shikoku in Japan. The company has its headquarters in Takamatsu.
Ross J. Beatty House
The Ross J. Beatty House, also known as Halcyon Hall, is a historic house at 344 Ravine Drive in Highland Park, Illinois. Built circa 1909, the house was the second of two homes built in Highland Park for steel magnate Ross J. Beatty. Originally situated on a large lot, the house is a Tudor Revival-style mansion with a carriage house, greenhouse, and gazebo on its grounds. Its lot was later subdivided, and multiple other houses now stand on its former grounds. The house's design includes a brick exterior, bas-relief stone carvings, decorative half-timbering, and a complex roof with several dormers and chimneys.

The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 29, 1982. Beatty's other home in Highland Park, the Ross Beatty House, is also listed on the National Register.<ref name="nris"

As of 2025, the house has been extremely altered in appearance and remains privately owned.

Gazebo
A gazebo is a pavilion structure, sometimes octagonal or turret-shaped, often built in a park, garden, or spacious public area. Some are used on occasions as bandstands.

In British English, the word is also used for a tent-like canopy with open sides to provide shelter from sun and rain at outdoor events.
Post Fire
The Post  Fire was a large wildfire that burned southwest of Gorman and Lebec along Interstate 5 in Los Angeles County, California in the United States. Igniting on Saturday, June 15, 2024, at Ralph's Ranch and Gorman Post Road alongside Interstate 5, the fire grew rapidly due to anticipated windy red flag conditions that had persisted in much of California through that weekend. The fire eventually ballooned to an estimated 15,563 acres (6,298 ha) and destroyed one structure, burning much of its acreage in the Hungry Valley State Vehicular Recreation Area.  It involved portions of two counties, Los Angeles County and Ventura County, and was declared contained after burning for 11 days.

Hungry Valley
Hungry Valley is a valley located along the northern border of Los Angeles and Ventura counties, about 2 mi (3.2 km) southwest of Gorman, California. The valley is notable for being a popular destination for off-road vehicle enthusiasts across California.
Tomáš Doležal
Tomáš Doležal (born September 29, 1990) is a Czech professional ice hockey centre. He is currently playing for HC ZUBR Přerov of the Chance Liga.

Doležal previously played with HC Slavia Praha and HC Litvínov in the Czech Extraliga.

He was born in Finland while his father Jiří was playing hockey for JYP. His elder brother Jiří Jr was also a professional (both played for Slavia Praha).

HC ZUBR Přerov
HC ZUBR Přerov is an ice hockey team currently playing in the Czech 1. Liga (second level). The club is based in Přerov and their home arena is Zimní stadion Přerov. The team is sponsored by the Zubr Brewery.