hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tobie Botes
Wietz Tobias Botes (born 26 April 1984, in Worcester) in a South African-born rugby union player, who most recently played for the Eastern Province Kings. He normally plays as a scrum-half or fly-half.

Despite being born in South Africa, he played in 22 test matches for Italy between 2012 and 2014.

Stormers
The Stormers (known for sponsorship reasons as the DHL Stormers) is a South African professional rugby union team based in Cape Town in the Western Cape that competes in the United Rugby Championship, a trans-hemispheric competition that also involves sides from Ireland, Italy, Scotland and Wales and the domestic Currie Cup competition as the Western Province. They competed in the Super Rugby competition until 2020. They have won one major international championship, the 2021-22 United Rugby Championship, and seven South African 'conference' titles, five in the South African Conference of Super Rugby, and two in the URC equivalent, the South African Shield, while in the Currie Cup having won the competition on a record 34 occasions.
Deirdre Hutton
Dame Deirdre Mary Hutton DBE (born 15 March 1949), is a British public servant. Termed by The Daily Telegraph as "Queen of the Quangos" and "The great quango hopper", among other roles, she was the chair of the UK's Civil Aviation Authority from 2009 to 2020.

Consumer Futures
The New National Consumer Council, operating as Consumer Futures, was a non-departmental public body and statutory consumer organisation in England, Wales, Scotland, and, for postal services, Northern Ireland. It was established by the Consumers, Estate Agents and Redress Act 2007, and began operations in 2008 by the merging of Postwatch, Energywatch and the Welsh, Scottish and National Consumer Councils under the Consumer Focus brand.

Following the UK Government's 2010 Spending Review, funding from the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills (BIS) for Consumer Focus was redirected to the Citizens Advice Bureau service, and in May 2013 Consumer Focus was renamed Consumer Futures. It was abolished as a non-departmental public body on 1 April 2014, when it was merged into Citizens Advice.
Jean-Yves Cousin
Jean-Yves Cousin (born 23 February 1949 in Périers, Manche) was a member of the National Assembly of France.  He represented the Calvados's 6th constituency from 2002 to 2012 as a member of the Union for a Popular Movement. He also served as mayor of Vire between 1989 and 2014.

Vire
Vire (French pronunciation: [viʁ] ⓘ) is a town and a former commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Vire Normandie.
Run TMC
Run TMC was the high-scoring trio of Hall of Fame basketball teammates consisting of Tim Hardaway, Mitch Richmond and Chris Mullin. Starting in 1989, they played together for two seasons with the Golden State Warriors in the National Basketball Association (NBA). Coached by Don Nelson, who was also inducted into the Hall of Fame, the Warriors played a fast-paced, run-and-gun style, and Run TMC was the league's highest-scoring trio in the 1990–91 season. Despite their short time together, the popularity of Run TMC endured. Their name was a play on the hip hop group Run-DMC, with the first name initials of each member forming TMC.

1990–91 NBA season
The 1990–91 NBA season was the 45th season of the National Basketball Association. The season ended with the Chicago Bulls winning their first NBA Championship, eliminating the Los Angeles Lakers 4 games to 1 in the NBA Finals.

This season would prove to be Magic Johnson's last full season as a player, as he announced he was HIV positive and retired early the following season (Johnson would play part of the 1995–96 NBA season with the Lakers before permanently retiring).
Costamagna
Costamagna is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alejandra Costamagna (born 1970), Chilean writer and journalist

Carlo Costamagna (1881–1965), Italian lawyer and academic

Claudio Costamagna (born 1956), Italian banker

Luisella Costamagna (born 1968), Italian journalist and TV presenter

Carlo Costamagna
Carlo Costamagna (21 September 1881, in Quiliano – 1 March 1965, in Pietra Ligure) was an Italian lawyer and academic noted as a theorist of corporatism. He worked closely with Benito Mussolini and his fascist movement.
Erebia ligea
Erebia ligea, the Arran brown, is a member of the subfamily Satyrinae of the family Nymphalidae. This brown is widespread in south-eastern and northern Europe. It prefers mixed woodlands at low altitudes. It is rarely seen in open areas. This species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1758 10th edition of Systema Naturae, and the type locality is Sweden.

10th edition of Systema Naturae
The 10th edition of Systema Naturae (Latin; the English title is A General System of Nature) is a book written by Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus and published in two volumes in 1758 and 1759, which marks the starting point of zoological nomenclature. In it, Linnaeus introduced binomial nomenclature for animals, something he had already done for plants in his 1753 publication of Species Plantarum.
William Carmichael (bishop)
William Carmichael (1702–1765) was Archbishop of Dublin for a brief period in 1765.

He was the son of the second Earl of Hyndford.

He had previously been Archdeacon of Buckingham (1742–1753), Bishop of Clonfert and Kilmacduagh (1753–1758), Ferns and Leighlin (1758) and Meath (1758–1765).

He died on 15 December 1765.

Bishop of Meath
Christianity portal

The Bishop of Meath is an episcopal title which takes its name after the ancient Kingdom of Meath. In the Catholic Church it remains as a separate title, but in the Church of Ireland it has been united with another bishopric.
Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 26
The Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 26 are Pennsylvania State Game Lands in Bedford, Blair, Cambria, and Somerset Counties in Pennsylvania in the United States providing hunting, bird watching, equestrian, snowmobiling, and other activities.

Cambria County, Pennsylvania
Cambria County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 133,472. Its county seat is Ebensburg. The county was created on March 26, 1804, from parts of Bedford, Huntingdon, and Somerset counties and later organized in 1807. It was named for the nation of Wales, which in Latin is known as "Cambria". The county is part of the Southwest region of the commonwealth.

Cambria County comprises the Johnstown, PA metropolitan statistical area, which is also included in the Johnstown-Somerset, PA combined statistical area.
Yumiko Kawahara
Yumiko Kawahara (川原 由美子, Kawahara Yumiko; born April 20, 1960) is a Japanese shōjo manga artist born in Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan. She made her professional debut in 1978 with Kotchi muite Marie!! in the weekly Shōjo Comic, for which she won a Shogakukan New Artist Award. In 1985, she received the Shogakukan Manga Award for shōjo for Zenryaku Milk House (前略・ミルクハウス). She is best known in the United States as the author of Dolls, which was licensed by Viz Media.

Hakodate
Hakodate (函館市, Hakodate-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [ha.ko.da.te, ha.ko.da.teꜜ.ɕi]) is a city and port located in Oshima Subprefecture, Hokkaido, Japan. It is the capital city of Oshima Subprefecture. As of January 31, 2024, the city had an estimated population of 239,813 with 138,807 households, and a population density of 354 inhabitants per square kilometre (920/sq mi). The total area is 677.86 square kilometres (261.72 sq mi). The city is the third largest in Hokkaido after Sapporo and Asahikawa.
Richland Gardens
Richland Gardens (Chinese: 麗晶花園) is a home ownership scheme and Private Sector Participation Scheme in Kowloon Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, near the Kai Yip Estate. It was jointly developed by the Hong Kong Housing Authority and Shui On Land Limited. It consists of 22 residential blocks and a shopping centre completed in 1985. It was built next to Kai Tak and is one of the closest buildings to the former airport.

Shui On Land
Shui On Land Limited (SEHK: 272) is the flagship property company of the Hong Kong–based Shui On Group. It is engaged in developing large-scale city-core development projects and integrated residential development projects in major cities in China, including Shanghai, Wuhan, Chongqing, Hangzhou, Dalian and Foshan. The company is headquartered in Shanghai and its chairman is Vincent Lo.

Shanghai's Xintiandi was developed by Shui On Land as "the first large-scale city-core redevelopment project by Shui On Land."

Shui On Land was listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange in 2006.
Jessy Keeffe
Jessy Keeffe (born 17 July 1996) is a retired Australian rules footballer who played for Brisbane in the AFL Women's competition (AFLW). She was playing for Yeronga South Brisbane in the AFL Queensland Women's League (QWAFL) when she was drafted by Brisbane with the 48th and final pick in the 2017 AFL Women's draft.

After not playing a game in her first AFLW season in 2018, she was delisted by Brisbane. However, they re-signed her as a free agent before the 2019 season, and she made her AFLW debut in the Lions' round 4 game against Western Bulldogs at Whitten Oval on 23 February 2019.

At the end of the 2021 season, Keeffe announced her retirement after 11 games with the Lions, citing mental health challenges.

Her brother, Lachlan Keeffe, plays for the Greater Western Sydney Giants in the Australian Football League.

Whitten Oval
Whitten Oval (also known as Mission Whitten Oval under naming rights) is a stadium in the inner-western suburbs of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, located in Barkly Street, Footscray. It is the training and administrative headquarters of the Western Bulldogs (formerly the Footscray Football Club), which competes in the Australian Football League (AFL). The ground is also the home of the club's women's and reserves teams which compete in the AFL Women's (AFLW), Victorian Football League (VFL), and VFL Women's (VFLW).

Formerly known as the Western Oval, the venue was renamed in honour of Ted Whitten in 1995, a former player, captain and coach for the club. A statue of Whitten is located at the entrance of the oval.
White Desert National Park
Sahara el Beyda, the White Desert Protected Area, is a national park in Egypt, first established as a protected area in 2002. It is located in the Farafra depression, 45 km (28 mi) north of the town of Qasr Al Farafra. Part of the park is in the Farafra Oasis (New Valley Governorate).

The park is the site of large white chalk rock formations, created through erosion by wind and sand. It is also the site of cliffs (at the northern end of the Farafra Depression), sand dunes (part of the Great Sand Sea), as well as Wadi Hennis and oases at Ain El Maqfi  and  Ain El Wadi.

White Desert National Park covers an area of 300 km2 (120 mi2). The highest point in the park is at El Qess Abu Said at 353 m (1,158 ft) above sea level, and the lowest is at Wadi Hennis at 32 m (105 ft).

The park serves as the refuge for various animals, including the endangered rhim gazelle and the vulnerable dorcas gazelle, as well as Barbary sheep; jackals; Rüppell's, red and fennec foxes; and the sand cat.

Rüppell's fox
Rüppell's fox (Vulpes rueppellii), also called Rüppell's sand fox, is a fox species living in desert and semi-desert regions of North Africa, the Middle East, and southwestern Asia. It has been listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List since 2008.
It is named after the German naturalist Eduard Rüppell.
Kim Lammers
Kim Lammers (born 21 April 1981) is a Dutch field hockey player who plays as a striker for Dutch club Laren and the Netherlands national team. She was part of the Dutch squad that became world champions at the 2006 Women's Hockey World Cup and won the gold medal at the 2012 Summer Olympics.

In 2021, she appeared on the television show De Verraders.

De Verraders
De Verraders (Dutch for 'The Traitors') is a Dutch reality game show broadcast by RTL 4 which premiered in 2021. The format of the show, presented by Tijl Beckand, is similar to the party game Mafia. The first and second seasons took place at and around Erenstein Castle in Kerkrade, the Netherlands, while the third, fourth, and fifth seasons were filmed in France. The sixth season was filmed in Belgium.
Average cost
In economics, average cost (AC) or unit cost is equal to total cost (TC) divided by the number of units of a good produced (the output Q):

Average cost is an important factor in determining how businesses will choose to price their products.

Goods
In economics, goods are anything that is good, usually in the sense that it provides welfare or utility to someone. Goods can be contrasted with bads, i.e. things that provide negative value for users, like chores or waste. A bad lowers a consumer's overall welfare.

Economics focuses on the study of economic goods, i.e. goods that are scarce; in other words, producing the good requires expending effort or resources. Economic goods contrast with free goods such as air, for which there is an unlimited supply.

Goods are the result of the secondary sector of the economy which involves the transformation of raw materials or intermediate goods into goods.
Sadam Mangal
Sadam Mangal (born 8 April 1998) is an Afghan cricketer. He made his first-class debut for Mis Ainak Region in the 2017–18 Ahmad Shah Abdali 4-day Tournament on 26 October 2017. He made his List A debut for Mis Ainak Region in the 2019 Ghazi Amanullah Khan Regional One Day Tournament on 11 September 2019.

Mis Ainak Knights
Mis Ainak Knights (Pashto: مس عينک اتلان Mis Ainak Atalān) or Mis Ainak Region is one of eight regional first-class cricket teams in Afghanistan. The region represents the following provinces in the southeast of Afghanistan, to the south of the capital Kabul: Khost, Logar, Paktia and Paktika. The team is named after Mes Aynak, an archaeological site in Logar.

Mis Ainak Region compete in the Ahmad Shah Abdali 4-day Tournament, which has had first-class status since 2017. In October 2017, they won their opening fixture of the tournament, against Band-e-Amir Region, by 262 runs.

They also play in the Ghazi Amanullah Khan Regional One Day Tournament, which was granted List A status from 2017, and the Afghan Shpageeza Cricket League Twenty20 competition (which has Twenty20 status from 2017) using the name Mis Ainak Knights. They also take part in the Qosh Tepa National T20 Cup, the first edition of which would be held in April 2024.
Desmocollin
Desmocollins are a subfamily of desmosomal cadherins, the transmembrane constituents of desmosomes. They are co-expressed with desmogleins to link adjacent cells by extracellular adhesion. There are seven desmosomal cadherins in humans, three desmocollins and four desmogleins.  Desmosomal cadherins allow desmosomes to contribute to the integrity of tissue structure in multicellular living organisms.

Glossary of biology
This glossary of biology terms is a list of definitions of fundamental terms and concepts used in biology, the study of life and of living organisms. It is intended as introductory material for novices; for more specific and technical definitions from sub-disciplines and related fields, see Glossary of cell biology, Glossary of genetics, Glossary of evolutionary biology, Glossary of ecology, Glossary of environmental science and Glossary of scientific naming, or any of the organism-specific glossaries in Category:Glossaries of biology.
Pallavi (actress)
Pallavi is an Indian actress in Tamil and Kannada films from 1985 to 1993 and continued to pursue her career as a supporting actor.

She has acted alongside various lead actors including Rajinikanth, Kamal Haasan, Ambareesh, Vijayakanth, Prabhu, Karthik, Murali, S. Ve. Shekher, Mohan, Arjun, Mukesh, Suresh Gopi, Pandiarajan and Shankar Nag. She was first introduced in Telugu by A. Kodandarami Reddy in the film, Illalu Priyuralu in 1984. Afterwards, she was introduced in Kannada by T.S.Nagabharana in the film, Nethra Pallavi in 1985 and then she was introduced in Tamil by actor Sivaji Ganesan in his home production, Aruvadai Naal starring his son, Prabhu in 1986.

Illalu Priyuralu
Illalu Priyuralu is an Indian Telugu-language drama film released on 2 August 1984. The film directed by A. Kodandarami Reddy is a remake of the Bollywood film Masoom, which was adapted from the 1980 novel Man, Woman and Child by Erich Segal. The novel had two other film adaptations: the 1983 American film of the same title and the 1982 Malayalam film Olangal. Illalu Priyuralu was produced by G. Babu under Babu Arts and featured Sobhan Babu, Suhasini, Pallavi and Master Arjun in the lead roles. The film has musical score by Chakravarthy.
ŽKK Novi Zagreb
ŽKK Novi Zagreb is a Croatian women's basketball club based in Novi Zagreb neighborhood in the capital Zagreb established in 1978. In 2012 it was the runner-up in both the championship and the national cup, qualifying for the first time for the Euroleague.

Jelena Ivezić
Jelena Ivezić (born 17 March 1984 in Slavonski Brod, SFR Yugoslavia) is a Croatian female basketball player. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, she competed for the Croatia women's national basketball team in the women's event. She is 6 ft 1 inches tall.
Waukesha High School
Waukesha High School is the name of numerous high schools in Waukesha, Wisconsin:

Waukesha East Alternative School, part of the Waukesha School District

Waukesha North High School (est. 1974)

Waukesha South High School (est. 1957)

Waukesha West High School (est. 1993)

Waukesha South High School
Waukesha South High School is one of three high schools located in Waukesha, Wisconsin. It was opened in 1957 as a southern campus to Waukesha High School, then in downtown Waukesha. The downtown campus is now Les Paul Middle School – Central Campus.
2017 ASEAN Summits
The 2017 ASEAN Summits or the 30th and 31st ASEAN Summits were diplomatic conferences centering on the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) which were held in the Philippines from 28 to 29 April and 10–14 November 2017. This marks the third and fourth time the ASEAN Summit was held in the Philippines.

Summit (meeting)
A summit or summit meeting is an international meeting of heads of state or government, usually with considerable media exposure, tight security, and a prearranged agenda.

Notable summit meetings include those of Franklin D. Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, and Joseph Stalin during World War II, although the term summit was not commonly used for such meetings until the 1955 Geneva Summit. During the Cold War, when American presidents joined with Soviet or Chinese counterparts for one-on-one meetings, the media labelled the event as a summit. The post–Cold War era has produced an increase in the number of events described as summits. International summits are now the most common expression for global governance. Summit diplomacy fosters interpersonal trust between leaders and reinforces system trust in the state-as-person construct, which is identified as the implicit glue holding the international system together.
KV44
KV44 is an ancient Egyptian tomb in the Valley of the Kings near Luxor, Egypt. It was discovered and excavated by Howard Carter in 1901 and was re-examined in 1991 by Donald P. Ryan. The single chamber accessed by a shaft contained three intact Twenty-second Dynasty burials; the remains of seven mummies from the original interment were found within the fill. The original cutting of the tomb is dated to the Eighteenth Dynasty.

Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt
The Twenty-second Dynasty was an Ancient Egyptian dynasty of ancient Libyan origin founded by Shoshenq I. It is also known as the Bubastite Dynasty, since the pharaohs originally ruled from the city of Bubastis.

The Twenty-first, Twenty-second, Twenty-third, Twenty-fourth, and Twenty-fifth dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group designation of the Third Intermediate Period.
Origination fee
An origination fee or establishment fee is a payment charged for establishing a loan account with a bank, broker, or other financial service provider.

While origination fees can be a set amount, a tiered amount, or a percentage. Percentages typically range from 1.0% to 5.0% of the loan amount, varying based on whether the loan is in the prime or subprime market. For example, an origination fee of 5% on a $10,000 loan is $500.
In the United States, Discount points are used to buy down the interest rates, temporarily or permanently. Origination fees and discount points are both items listed under lender-charges on the HUD-1 Settlement Statement. Regulation Z was enacted to protect borrowers from abusive lending practices. Under this regulation, origination fees for mortgages cannot be deducted from taxes.

Subprime lending
In finance, subprime lending (also referred to as near-prime, subpar, non-prime, and second-chance lending) is the provision of loans to people in the United States who may have difficulty maintaining the repayment schedule. Historically, subprime borrowers were defined as having FICO scores below 600, although this threshold has varied over time.

These loans are characterized by higher interest rates, poor quality collateral, and less favorable terms in order to compensate for higher credit risk. During the early to mid-2000s, many subprime loans were packaged into mortgage-backed securities (MBS) and ultimately defaulted, contributing to the 2008 financial crisis.
Differentiable programming
Differentiable programming is a programming paradigm in which a numeric computer program can be differentiated throughout via automatic differentiation. This allows for gradient-based optimization of parameters in the program, often via gradient descent, as well as other learning approaches that are based on higher-order derivative information. Differentiable programming has found use in a wide variety of areas, particularly scientific computing and machine learning. One of the early proposals to adopt such a framework in a systematic fashion to improve upon learning algorithms was made by the Advanced Concepts Team at the European Space Agency in early 2016.

Gradient method
In optimization, a gradient method is an algorithm to solve problems of the form

with the search directions defined by the gradient of the function at the current point. Examples of gradient methods are the gradient descent and the conjugate gradient.
Irwin Altman
Irwin Altman (born July 16, 1930, in New York City, New York), is a social psychologist who earned his B.A. degree from New York University in 1951, his M.A. degree from the University of Maryland in 1954 and his Ph.D. from the University of Maryland in 1957. He is active in many groups and associations including the International Association of Applied Psychology, American Psychological Association, American Association for the Advancement of Science, American Association of University Professors, Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues, Society of Experimental Social Psychology, Society of Personality and Social Psychology, Association for the Study of Man-Environment Relations, Environmental Design Research Association, and the Western Psychological Association. He is currently an emeritus faculty member at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City.

Environmental Design Research Association
The Environmental Design Research Association (EDRA) is an international, interdisciplinary organization founded in 1968 by design professionals, social scientists, students, educators, and facility managers.
NGC 388
NGC 388 is an elliptical galaxy located in the constellation Pisces. It was discovered on November 4, 1850, by Bindon Stoney. It was described by Dreyer as "very faint, small, round." Along with galaxies NGC 375, NGC 379, NGC 382, NGC 383, NGC 384, NGC 385, NGC 386 and NGC 387, NGC 388 forms a galaxy cluster called Arp 331.

John Louis Emil Dreyer
John Louis Emil Dreyer (13 February 1852 – 14 September 1926), also Johan Ludvig Emil Dreyer, was a Danish astronomer who spent most of his career working in Ireland.  He spent the last decade of his life in Oxford, England.