hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Janus particles
Janus particles are special types of nanoparticles or microparticles whose surfaces have two or more distinct physical properties. This unique surface of Janus particles allows two different types of chemistry to occur on the same particle. The simplest case of a Janus particle is achieved by dividing the particle into two distinct parts, each of them either made of a different material, or bearing different functional groups. For example, a Janus particle may have one half of its surface composed of hydrophilic groups and the other half hydrophobic groups, the particles might have two surfaces of different color, fluorescence, or magnetic properties. This gives these particles unique properties related to their asymmetric structure and/or functionalization. Janus particles are so-named in reference to the two-faced Roman god Janus, as they may be said to—similarly—have "two faces".

Magnetite
Magnetite is a mineral and one of the main iron ores, with the chemical formula Fe2+Fe3+2O4. It is one of the oxides of iron, and is ferrimagnetic; it is attracted to a magnet and can be magnetized to become a permanent magnet itself. With the exception of extremely rare native iron deposits, it is the most magnetic of all the naturally occurring minerals on Earth.  Naturally magnetized pieces of magnetite, called lodestone, will attract small pieces of iron, which is how ancient peoples first discovered the property of magnetism.

Magnetite is black or brownish-black with a metallic luster, has a Mohs hardness of 5–6 and leaves a black streak. Small grains of magnetite are very common in igneous and metamorphic rocks.

The chemical IUPAC name is iron(II,III) oxide and the common chemical name is ferrous-ferric oxide.
Neoboutonia
Neoboutonia is a plant genus of the family Euphorbiaceae first described as a genus in 1864. It is the only genus in subtribe Neoboutoniinae, and native to tropical Africa. It is dioecious.

Species

Neoboutonia macrocalyx  Pax - Burundi, Cameroon, Rwanda, Zaire, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe

Neoboutonia mannii Benth. & Hook.f. - tropical Africa from Liberia to Mozambique

Neoboutonia melleri (Müll.Arg.) Prain - tropical Africa from Nigeria to Mozambique

Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae (/juːˈfɔːrbiˌeɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/), the spurge family, is a large family of flowering plants. In English, they are also commonly called euphorbias, which is also the name of the type genus of the family. Most spurges, such as Euphorbia paralias, are herbs, but some, especially in the tropics, are shrubs or trees, such as Hevea brasiliensis. Some, such as Euphorbia canariensis,: 206  are succulent and resemble cacti because of convergent evolution. This family has a cosmopolitan global distribution. The greatest diversity of species is in the tropics; however, the Euphorbiaceae also have many species in nontropical areas of all continents except Antarctica.
Apache Beat
Apache Beat were a five-piece New York band formed in 2007.

After putting out a slew of singles, Apache Beat released their debut album Last Chants in October 2010. It was recorded, mixed and produced by Martin Bisi and John Agnello in New York and put out on both Inertia Records and Babylon Records.  The record had guest performers from Yeah Yeah Yeahs, The Rapture and Blood Orange.

They have toured in the US, UK and Europe playing with such as School of Seven Bells, Gossip, Deerhunter, Crystal Castles, Les Savy Fav and We Are Scientists.

Their sound was inspired by everything from post-punk to krautrock, with their name coming from a term used by Klaus Dinger of Neu! to describe the motorik drum beat.

Martin Bisi
Martin Bisi (born 1961) is an American producer and songwriter. 
He is known for recording records by Sonic Youth, Swans, John Zorn, Material, Bill Laswell, Helmet, Unsane, The Dresden Dolls, Cop Shoot Cop, White Zombie, Boredoms, Angels of Light, J.G. Thirlwell, Live Skull, the Art Gray Noizz Quintet, and Herbie Hancock's Grammy-winning song "Rockit".
Mahabad Qaradaghi
Mahabad Qaradaghi or Mehabad Qeredaxî (1966 – 9 October 2020) was a Kurdish activist, writer, poet and translator. She was born in Kifri, a town near Kirkuk. Her first collections of poems were published in 1980, and she was imprisoned by the Ba'athist regime from 1980 to 1981. In 1993, she emigrated to Sweden. She was the adviser of Prime Minister in Women's Issues, in the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG), in Arbil, Iraqi Kurdistan.

Kifri
Kifri (Arabic: کفري; Kurdish: کفری, romanized: Kifrî; Turkish: Kifri) is the central town of Kifri District in Diyala Governorate, Iraq. It has a mixed population of Arabs, Kurds and Turkmen. It is under de facto administration by Kurdistan Region, but remains a disputed area claimed by the central government.
First Street station
First Street station or 1st Street station

First Street station (IRT Second Avenue Line), a demolished elevated train station in New York City

First Street station (Miami), a Metromover station in Miami

1st Street station (Los Angeles Metro), a Los Angeles Metro station

1 Street Southwest station, a light rail station in Calgary, Alberta

First Street station (Oakland), a demolished Southern Pacific Railroad station in Oakland, California

1 Street SW station
1 Street SW Station is a stop in Downtown Calgary on the city's CTrain light rail system. The 1 Street platform is served by westbound trains only, with the nearest eastbound train platforms being Centre Street station and 3 Street SW station, both of which only serve eastbound trains. The platform is located on the north side of 7 Avenue South, west of Centre Street within the free fare zone, serving both routes 201 and 202.
Zeda Tmogvi
Zeda Tmogvi (Georgian: ზედა თმოგვი) is a medieval Christian church in south Georgia, in the historical province of Javakheti (now part of Aspindza Municipality). The extant building is a three-nave basilica, built in the reign of Bagrat IV of Georgia (1027–1072) on the place of an earlier church. Its façades contain several contemporaneous Georgian inscriptions, which make mention of historical persons of that time. The church is inscribed on the list of the Immovable Cultural Monuments of National Significance of Georgia.

Immovable Cultural Monuments of National Significance
The Immovable Cultural Monuments of National Significance (Georgian: ეროვნული მნიშვნელობის კატეგორიის კულტურის უძრავი ძეგლები) are buildings, structures, sites, or places in Georgia that have been determined to have nationwide cultural significance by meeting special criteria developed by the Ministry of Culture and are subject to preservation by the state.

The monument must have an outstanding artistic or aesthetic value, be associated with a particularly important historical event, person, or overall national values.

The original list of the Immovable Monuments of Cultural Heritage was approved in the Presidential decree No. 665 of 7 November 2006. Since then, it has been updated several times. After the amendments of 2013, the monument can be defined as having national significance by the resolution of the Government of Georgia based on the submission of the Ministry of Culture.
Steroid 17alpha-monooxygenase
In enzymology, a steroid 17alpha-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.99.9) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

a steroid + AH2 + O2  a 17alpha-hydroxysteroid + A + H2O

The 3 substrates of this enzyme are steroid, an electron acceptor AH2, and O2, whereas its 3 products are 17alpha-hydroxysteroid, the reduction product A, and H2O.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on paired donors, with O2 as oxidant and incorporation or reduction of oxygen. The oxygen incorporated need not be derive from O miscellaneous.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is steroid,hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase (17alpha-hydroxylating). Other names in common use include steroid 17alpha-hydroxylase, cytochrome P-45017alpha, cytochrome P-450 (P-45017alpha,lyase), and 17alpha-hydroxylase-C17,20 lyase.  This enzyme participates in c21-steroid hormone metabolism.  It has 3 cofactors: NADH, NADPH,  and Heme.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, abbreviated NADP or, in older notation, TPN (triphosphopyridine nucleotide), is a cofactor used in anabolic reactions, such as the Calvin cycle and lipid and nucleic acid syntheses, which require it as a reducing agent ('hydrogen source'). NADPH is the reduced form, whereas NADP+ is the oxidized form. NADP+ is used by all forms of cellular life. NADP+ is essential for life because it is needed for cellular respiration.

NADP+ differs from NAD+ by the presence of an additional phosphate group on the 2' position of the ribose ring that carries the adenine moiety. This extra phosphate is added by NAD+ kinase and removed by NADP+ phosphatase.
Pierre Charles (boxer)
Pierre Charles (20 March 1903 – 8 August 1966) was a Belgian boxer who was the heavyweight champion of Belgium and Europe. He held the Belgian title between 1926 and 1927, and again between 1935 and 1936, and the International Boxing Union (IBU) European title for three periods, from 1929 to 1931, 1932 to 1933, and 1935 to 1936.

European Boxing Union
The European Boxing Union (EBU), formerly known as the International Boxing Union (IBU), is a pan-European governing body that sanctions championship bouts in professional boxing. The EBU governs the EBU European Championship, in addition to their EBU EU Championship for competitors from within the European Union and the EBU EE Championship for those outside the European Union. It is a federation affiliated with the World Boxing Council (WBC).

During most of the 20th century and, particularly, during start of the century, the EBU recognized many world title fights as the IBU. It competed against the American-based National Boxing Association (NBA), which staged the more high profile world title fights.
The Lord of Alamut
The Lord of Alamut (Hassan Sabbah) (Persian: حسن صباح خداوند الموت Khudāvand‑i Almūt: Ḥasan Ṣabbāḥ) is a 1964 Persian-language historical fiction book by Zabihullah Mansouri under the name of Pol Amir, about the order of Hasan-i Sabbah set in Alamut, and Iran. The book covers the assassination of Nizam al-Mulk.

Hasan-i Sabbah
Hasan-i Sabbah also known as Hasan I of Alamut, was  a religious and military leader, founder of the Nizari Ismai'li sect, Order of Assassins, as well as the Nizari Ismaili state, ruling from 1090 to 1124 AD.

Alongside his role as a leader, Sabbah was a scholar of mathematics, most notably in geometry, as well as astronomy and philosophy, especially in epistemology. It is narrated that Hasan and the Persian polymath Omar Khayyam were close friends since their student years. He and each of the later Order of Assassins' leaders came to be known in the West as the "Old Man of the Mountain", a name given by Marco Polo that referenced the sect's possession of the commanding mountain fortress of Alamut Castle.
Eduardo Herrera (Chilean footballer)
Eduardo Herrera (born 25 August 1944) is a Chilean footballer. He played in 21 matches for the Chile national football team from 1967 to 1973. He was also part of Chile's squad for the 1967 South American Championship.

1967 South American Championship
The 1967 South American Football Championship was won by hosts Uruguay, with Argentina finished second. Brazil and Peru withdrew from the tournament. It was the first tournament in which Venezuela participated. It would be the last time the tournament would be known as the South American Football Championship before being rebranded to Copa América, and the last time it would be formatted as a round-robin tournament.
Pál Steiner
Pál Steiner (born 13 March 1953) is a Hungarian politician, who served as the mayor of Belváros-Lipótváros (5th district of Budapest) from 2002 to 2006. He was elected member of the National Assembly (MP) from the Budapest Regional List of the Hungarian Socialist Party (MSZP) in 2002, holding the seat until 2014.

Hungarian Socialist Party
The Hungarian Socialist Party (Hungarian: Magyar Szocialista Párt [ˈmɒɟɒr ˈsot͡siɒliʃtɒ ˈpaːrt]), commonly known by its acronym MSZP (Hungarian: [ˈɛmɛspeː] ⓘ), is a centre-left to left-wing social democratic and pro-European political party in Hungary.

It was founded on 7 October 1989 as a post-communist evolution and one of two legal successors of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party (MSZMP). Along with its conservative rival Fidesz, MSZP was one of the two most dominant parties in Hungarian politics until 2010; however, the party lost much of its popular support as a result of the Őszöd speech, the consequent 2006 protests in Hungary, and then the 2008 financial crisis. Following the 2010 election, MSZP became the largest opposition party in parliament, a position it held until 2018, when it was overtaken by the far-right-turned-centre-right Jobbik.
Killing of Seth Smith
Seth Thomas Smith (2000–2020) was a 19-year-old University of California, Berkeley student who was fatally shot in the back of the head at point-blank range near his off-campus apartment in Berkeley, California, on June 15, 2020. Berkeley police arrested local resident Tony Lorenzo Walker, then 60, on August 20, 2020, and the Alameda County district attorney first charged him with murder. Walker later pleaded no contest to voluntary manslaughter and, on May 23, 2022, received a 25-year state-prison sentence.

Point-blank range
Point-blank range is any distance over which a certain firearm or gun can hit a target without the need to elevate the barrel to compensate for bullet drop, i.e. the gun can be pointed horizontally at the target. For targets beyond-blank range, the shooter will have to point the barrel of their firearm at a position above the target, and firearms that are designed for long range firefights usually have adjustable sights to help the shooter hit targets beyond point-blank range. The maximum point-blank range of a firearm will depend on a variety of factors such as muzzle velocity and the size of the target.

In popular usage, point-blank range has come to mean extremely close range with a firearm, yet not close enough to be a contact shot. Point-blank (when describing a person) means direct or blunt.
Raymond C. Archibald
Raymond Clare Archibald (7 October 1875 – 26 July 1955) was a prominent Canadian-American mathematician.  He is known for his work as a historian of mathematics, his editorships of mathematical journals and his contributions to the teaching of mathematics.

Mathematical Association of America
The Mathematical Association of America (MAA) is a professional society that focuses on mathematics accessible at the undergraduate level. Members include university, college, and high school teachers; graduate and undergraduate students; pure and applied mathematicians; computer scientists; statisticians; and many others in academia, government, business, and industry.

The MAA was founded in 1915 and is headquartered at 11 Dupont in the Dupont Circle neighborhood of Washington, D.C. The organization publishes mathematics journals and books, including the American Mathematical Monthly (established in 1894 by Benjamin Finkel), the most widely read mathematics journal in the world according to records on JSTOR.
Kumo to Tulip
Kumo to Tulip (くもとちゅうりっぷ, Kumo to Chūrippu; lit. "Spider and Tulip") is a short animated Japanese film made in 1943 by Kenzo Masaoka. It is a story about a ladybug being chased by a black-faced spider. The spider catches the ladybug, but then it rains, the spider drowns, and the ladybug is freed by a friendly fly.

In 2001, the Japanese magazine Animage elected Kumo to Tulip one of the greatest anime productions of all time.

The short-film was screened at the Locarno Film Festival and the Barbican Centre's Barbican Animation Show.

Animage
Animage (Japanese: アニメージュ, Hepburn: Animēju) is a Japanese anime and entertainment magazine published by Tokuma Shoten since July 1978. Notable works serialized in the magazine include Hayao Miyazaki's manga Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind (1982—1994) and Saeko Himuro's novel Ocean Waves (1990–1992).
RAF Little Staughton
Royal Air Force Little Staughton or more simply RAF Little Staughton is a former Royal Air Force station located 1.7 miles (2.7 km) south of Great Staughton, Cambridgeshire and 4.2 miles (6.8 km) west of St Neots, Cambridgeshire, England.

St Neots
St Neots (/sənt ˈniːəts/) is a town and civil parish in the Huntingdonshire district of Cambridgeshire, England. It is 18 miles (29 km) west of Cambridge. The areas of Eynesbury, Eaton Ford, Eaton Socon, Love's Farm and Wintringham form part of the town.

The town centre lies on the eastern bank of the River Great Ouse. The town is close to the A1 road (north-south), as well as the A421 and A428 roads which link Cambridge to Bedford and Milton Keynes. St Neots railway station is on the Great Northern route between London and Peterborough. St Neots had a population of 33,410 in 2021.
Ludovico di Caporiacco
Ludovico di Caporiacco (22 January 1900, in Udine – 18 July 1951, in Parma)  was an Italian arachnologist.

Caporiacco took part in an expedition to the Jebel Uweinat, a mountain massif in the boundary region of Sudan, Libya, and Egypt. On the mission, he, together with Hungarian explorer László Almásy, discovered the prehistoric rock paintings of Ain Doua in 1933. In 1943 he was appointed professor of zoology to the faculty of sciences at the University of Parma.

He was the author of numerous scientific papers on arachnids native to Italy and other Mediterranean regions. He also published articles on species indigenous to East Africa, Central Asia (Himalayas and the Karakoram) as well as Central and South America. He was the taxonomic authority of numerous arachnid genera and species. Taxa with specific epithet of caporiaccoi are named in his honor, an example being the spider species Zodarion caporiaccoi.

Gabal El Uweinat
Mount Uwaynat or Gabal El Uweinat (Arabic: جبل العوينات Gabal El ʿUwaināt or Jabal al-ʿUwaināt, Arabic for 'Mountain of the springs')  is a mountain range in the area of the Egyptian-Libyan-Sudanese tripoint. Because of thousands of prehistoric rock art sites, it is considered an important witness to the development of early pastoralism in the Sahara.
Science Online
Science Online was an annual conference held in Durham, North Carolina, Raleigh, North Carolina and Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, that focused on the role of the internet in science and science communication.  It was attended primarily by bloggers and science journalists from North America.

The conference was held annually, beginning in 2007.  Notable attendees included PZ Myers, Jennifer Ouellette, Rebecca Skloot, Carl Zimmer and others.  The conferences were covered as local news by publications such as The Charlotte Observer, as well as "new media" like Boing Boing, professional journalist organizations like the Columbia Journalism Review and science-oriented publications like Scientific American.

In October 2014, the ScienceOnline foundation, which organized the conferences, announced that it had become insolvent and consequently was shutting down.

Boing Boing
Boing Boing is a website, first established as a zine in 1988, later becoming a group blog. Common topics and themes include technology, futurism, science fiction, gadgets, intellectual property, Disney, and left-wing politics. It twice won the Bloggies for Weblog of the Year, in 2004 and 2005. The editors are Mark Frauenfelder, David Pescovitz, Carla Sinclair, and Rob Beschizza, and the publisher is Jason Weisberger.

One report named Boing Boing as the most popular blog in the world until 2006, when Chinese-language blogs became popular; it remained among the most widely linked and cited blogs into the 2010s.
1919 Hong Kong sanitary board election
The 1919 Hong Kong Sanitary Board election was supposed to be held on 10 March 1919 for one of the two unofficial seats in the Sanitary Board of Hong Kong.

Only ratepayers who were included in the Special and Common Jury Lists of the years or ratepayers who are exempted from serving on Juries on account of their professional avocations, unofficial members of the Executive or Legislative Council, or categories of profession were entitled to vote at the election.

Dr. F. M. G. Ozorio sought for second term without being uncontested.

Urban Council
The Urban Council (UrbCo) was a municipal council in Hong Kong responsible for municipal services on Hong Kong Island and in Kowloon (including New Kowloon). These services were provided by the council's executive arm, the Urban Services Department. Later, the equivalent body for the New Territories was the Regional Council.

The council was founded as the Sanitary Board in 1883. It was renamed the Urban Council when new legislation was passed in 1936 expanding its mandate. In 1973 the council was reorganised under non-government control and became financially autonomous. Originally composed mainly of ex-officio and appointed members, by the time the Urban Council was disbanded following the Handover it was composed entirely of members elected by universal suffrage.
William G. Steiner
William G. Steiner (April 26, 1937 – December 15, 2022) was an American politician, children's advocate and nationally recognized expert on child abuse and neglect. 
In politics, he was a chairman of the Orange County Board of Supervisors, city councilman for Orange, California, and an Orange Unified School District school board member. He was the founder of both the Orangewood Children's Home, located in Orange, California, and the Good Samaritan Boy's Home, in Corona, California.  In addition to his numerous positions as a public official and child advocate in the non-profit sector, he served 16 years on the board of directors for the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children, based in Alexandria, Virginia.

Advocate
An advocate is a professional in the field of law. Different countries and legal systems use the term with somewhat differing meanings. The broad equivalent in many English law–based jurisdictions could be a barrister or a solicitor. However, in Scottish, Manx, South African, Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Scandinavian, Polish, Israeli, South Asian and South American jurisdictions, "advocate" indicates a lawyer of superior classification.

"Advocate" is in some languages an honorific for lawyers, such as "Adv. Sir Alberico Gentili". "Advocate" also has the everyday meaning of speaking out to help someone else, such as patient advocacy or the support expected from an elected politician; this article does not cover those senses.
Manor of Shirwell
The Manor of Shirwell was a manor in North Devon, England, centred on the village of Shirwell and largely co-terminous with the parish of Shirwell. It was for many centuries successively the seat of two of the leading families of North Devon, the Beaumonts and their heirs the Chichesters of Raleigh, Pilton, both of which families were seated at the estate of Youlston within the manor of Shirwell. The manor house which survives today known as Youlston Park is one of the most architecturally important historic houses in North Devon and exists largely in its Georgian form, but retains many impressive late 17th-century interiors.

Chichester baronets
There have been three baronetcies created for persons with the surname Chichester, one in the Baronetage of England and two in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. Only the 1641 creation is extant as of 2026.

Chichester baronets of Raleigh (1641)

Chichester baronets of Green Castle (1821): see Sir Arthur Chichester, 1st Baronet

Chichester baronets of Arlington Court (1840)