hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Caesium cadmium bromide
Caesium cadmium bromide (CsCdBr3) is a synthetic crystalline material. It belongs to the AMX3 group (where A = alkali metal, M = bivalent metal, X = halogen ion). Unlike most other bromides, CsCdBr3 is non-hygroscopic, giving it applications as an efficient upconversion material in solar cells. As a single crystal structure doped with rare-earth ions, it can be also used as active laser medium. It is highly transparent in the visible and infrared regions and can be used as a nonlinear optical crystal.

Caesium cadmium bromide with the formula Cs2CdBr4 has also been synthesized.

Photon upconversion
Photon upconversion (UC) is a process in which the sequential absorption of two or more photons leads to the emission of light at shorter wavelength than the excitation wavelength. It is an anti-Stokes type emission. An example is the conversion of infrared light to visible light. Upconversion can take place in both organic and inorganic materials, through a number of different mechanisms. Organic molecules that can achieve photon upconversion through triplet-triplet annihilation are typically polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Inorganic materials capable of photon upconversion often contain ions of d-block or f-block elements. Examples of these ions are Ln3+, Ti2+, Ni2+, Mo3+, Re4+, Os4+, and so on.
Wladyslaw Dutkiewicz
Władysław Dutkiewicz (21 February 1918 in Stara Sil, Ukraine, then in Poland – 2 October 1999 in Adelaide) was a Polish-born naturalized Australian artist and Polish language playwright, winning multiple awards as a painter. He emigrated to Australia in 1949.

He was a painter, sculptor, actor, stage designer, and theatre director. Two of four brothers were also artists: Jan Dutkiewicz (1911–1985, Poland) and Ludwik Dutkiewicz (1921–2008, Australia). He had five children, three of whom have careers as artists: Michal (now a commercial artist), Adam (art critic, historian and painter) and Ursula Dutkiewicz (ceramist and sculptor).

Stara Sil
Stara Sil (Ukrainian: Стара Сіль, lit. 'Old Salt'; Polish: Stara Sól; German: Salzbrock), formerly known as Stara Ropa (Ukrainian: Стара Ропа, lit. 'Old Brine') is a rural settlement in Sambir Raion, Lviv Oblast, of Western Ukraine. It belongs to Staryi Sambir urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 1,074 (2022 estimate).
Katz Center for Advanced Judaic Studies
The Herbert D. Katz Center for Advanced Judaic Studies at the University of Pennsylvania, commonly called the Katz Center, is a postdoctoral research center devoted to the study of Jewish history and civilization.

American Historical Association
The American Historical Association (AHA) is the oldest professional association of historians in the United States and the largest such organization in the world with 11,000 members as of 2025. Founded in 1884, AHA works to protect academic freedom, develop professional standards, and support scholarship and innovative teaching. It publishes The American Historical Review four times annually, which features scholarly history-related articles and book reviews.

AHA is the major learned society for historians working in the United States, while the Organization of American Historians is a field society for historians who study and teach about the United States. The AHA's congressional charter of 1889, established it "for the promotion of historical studies, the collection and preservation of historical manuscripts, and for kindred purposes in the interest of American history, and of history in America."
Thomas Becker (canoeist, born 1990)
Thomas Becker (born 3 March 1990) is a German slalom canoeist who has competed at the international level since 2006.

He won four medals at the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships with two silvers (C2 team: 2009, 2015) and two bronzes (C2: 2017, C2 team: 2010). He also won five medals at the European Championships (2 golds, 1 silver and 2 bronzes).

He won the overall World Cup title in the C2 class in 2017.

His partner in the C2 boat is Robert Behling.

2017 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships
The 2017 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships was the 38th edition of the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships. The event took place from 22 September to 1 October 2017 in Pau, France under the auspices of International Canoe Federation (ICF) at the Pau-Pyrénées Whitewater Stadium. Pau was also hosting the Wildwater Canoeing World Championships as part of the same event.

The Mixed C2 event returned to the world's program for the first time since 1981. The men's C2 team event was not a world championship event due to only 4 countries participating. A non-olympic event must have participants from at least 6 countries to be counted as a world championship.

A brand new medal event was the Extreme K1 which has been part of the World Cup program since 2016.
Pyotr Sedov
Petr Nikolayevich Sedov (Russian: Пётр Николаевич Седов; born 24 August 1990 in Sarov, Russian SFSR) is a Russian cross-country skier who participated in his first World Cup in March 2009 in Lahti. Only 18 years old he came in as number ten in 15 kilometre freestyle, in front of prominent names like Dario Cologna, and Tobias Angerer. Previously he has three victories in the FIS Junior Ski World Championships (2008 and 2009).

Sedov finished eighth in the 4 × 10 km relay at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver.

Sarov
Sarov (Russian: Саро́в) is a closed town in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia. It was known as Gorkiy-130 (Горький-130) and Arzamas-16 (Арзама́с-16), after a (somewhat) nearby town of Arzamas, from 1946 to 1991. Until 1995, it was known as Kremlyov/Kremlev/Kremljov (Кремлёв). The town is closed because it is the Russian center for nuclear research. Population: 92,047 (2010 Census); 87,652 (2002 Census)
Xiao (mythology)
In Chinese mythology, the xiao is the name of several creatures, including the xiao (Chinese: 囂; pinyin: xiāo; Wade–Giles: hsiao1) "a long-armed ape" or "a four-winged bird" and shanxiao (Chinese: 山魈; pinyin: shānxiāo) "mischievous, one-legged mountain spirit". Furthermore, some Western sources misspell and misconstrue the older romanization hsiao as "hsigo" [sic] "a flying monkey".

Cao Zhi
Cao Zhi (pronunciationⓘ; Chinese: 曹植; 192 – 27 December 232), courtesy name Zijian (Chinese: 子建), posthumously known as Prince Si of Chen (陈思王), was a prince of the state of Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms period of China, and an accomplished poet in his time. His style of poetry, greatly revered during the Jin dynasty and Southern and Northern Dynasties, came to be known as the Jian'an style.

Cao Zhi was a son of Cao Cao, a warlord who rose to power towards the end of the Eastern Han dynasty and laid the foundation for the state of Cao Wei. As Cao Zhi once engaged his elder brother Cao Pi in a power struggle to succeed their father, he was ostracised by his victorious brother after the latter became the emperor and established the Cao Wei state. In his later life, Cao Zhi was not allowed to meddle in politics, despite his many petitions to seek office.
Lasarat
Lasarat (also known as Laso Harrad) is a town in eastern Ethiopia. Located in the Shinile Zone of the Somali Region, this town has a latitude and longitude of 10°40′N 42°27′E﻿ / ﻿10.667°N 42.450°E﻿ / 10.667; 42.450 with an elevation between 740 and 817 meters above sea level.

Lasarat is served by a station on the Ethio-Djibouti Railways.

Railway stations in Ethiopia
Current railway stations in Ethiopia are served by standard gauge railways of the National Railway Network of Ethiopia which is mostly under construction, except the Addis Ababa–Djibouti Railway. Other stations were built for the in 2018 still operating metre gauge Ethio-Djibouti Railways, although this railway has officially been superseded by the new Addis Ababa-Djibouti Railway.

The following list contains dedicated railway stations with at least a single platform for passengers to enter or to leave trains. Train stops on open stretches without platform can outnumber train stops in railway stations by a 2:1 margin, but the former are not included in the lists. The railways usually also have a number of freight yards and dry ports for freight handling, but these are not counted as well.
Joost Tinbergen
Joost Marius Tinbergen (born 1950 in Groningen) is a Dutch ecologist.

Tinbergen is the son of the ornithologist Luuk Tinbergen, and nephew of Nobel Prize–winning brothers Jan and Niko Tinbergen. His older brother is the film-maker Tijs Tinbergen.

Tinbergen gained his PhD from the University of Groningen in 1980.  His thesis was 'Foraging decisions in Starlings'.  He has been professor since 1994.

Tijs Tinbergen
Tijs Tinbergen (Dutch pronunciation: [tɛis ˈtɪmbɛrɣə(n)]; born c. 3 July 1947 in Hulshorst)  is a Dutch filmmaker.

Tinbergen graduated with honors from the Netherlands Film Academy in 1975. He primarily produces documentaries, usually in collaboration with the producer Jan Musch. In 2009, he won the Golden Calf award for his film Rotvos.

Tinbergen is the son of Tilde Frensdorf (1922–2014) and the ornithologist Luuk Tinbergen (1915–1955). He is the nephew of the Nobel Prize-winning brothers Jan and Niko Tinbergen.
Jentleson
Jentleson is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Adam Jentleson (fl. 2003), former speechwriter for John Kerry, son of Bruce

Bruce Jentleson (born 1951), Clinton administration foreign policy advisor and political science professor

Bruce Jentleson
Bruce W. Jentleson (born June 26, 1951) is a professor of public policy and political science at Duke University, where he served from 2000 to 2005 as Director of the Terry Sanford Institute of Public Policy. He previously was a professor at the University of California, Davis and Director of the UC Davis Washington Center. In addition to his academic career, he has served in a number of foreign policy positions in Democratic administrations.
The Way We Talk Now
The Way We Talk Now: Commentaries on Language and Culture from NPR's Fresh Air is a collection of essays by Geoffrey Nunberg about the effect of language on contemporary culture. Most of the essays are based on segments from the NPR radio program Fresh Air. The title is based on The Way We Live Now. Nunberg looks at modern culture through the lens of language, using his expertise as a linguist to highlight the subtle ways in which language influences society. The essays are organized by subject.

The Way We Live Now
The Way We Live Now is a satirical and political novel by Anthony Trollope, published in London in 1875 after first appearing in serialised form. It is one of the last significant Victorian novels to have been published in monthly parts.

The novel is Trollope's longest, comprising 100 chapters, and is particularly rich in sub-plot. It was inspired by the financial scandals of the early 1870s; Trollope had just returned to England from abroad, and was appalled by the greed and dishonesty those scandals exposed. This novel was his rebuke. It dramatised how such greed and dishonesty pervaded the commercial, political, moral, and intellectual life of that era.
Floribert Ndjabu
Floribert Ndjabu is leader of the Nationalist Integrationist Front (Le Front des nationalistes et intégrationnistes – FNI) in Ituri, Democratic Republic of the Congo. He draws most of his support from the Lendu ethnic group.

In March 2005, the Security Council condemned the FNI's attack on a patrol of the United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUC) which occurred on 25 February 2005 near the town of Kafé, resulting in the murder of nine Bangladeshi peacekeepers. Shortly after this attack Ndjabu was arrested in Kinshasa and placed under house arrest.

Lendu language
The Lendu language is a Central Sudanic language spoken by the Balendru, an ethno-linguistic agriculturalist group residing in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo in the area west and northwest of Lake Albert, specifically the Ituri Province. It is one of the most populous of the Central Sudanic languages.  There are three-quarters of a million Lendu speakers in the DRC. A conflict between the Lendu and the Hema was the basis of the Ituri conflict.

Besides the Balendru, Lendu is spoken as a native language by a portion of the Hema, Alur, and Okebu. In Uganda, the Lendu tribe live in the districts of  Nebbi and Zombo districts, northwest of Lake Albert.
Jährling
Jährling (German for "yearling") is a German surname. Outside the German-speaking area, the form Jahrling occurs. Notable people with the surname include:

Harald Jährling (1954–2023), German rower

Peter Jahrling, American virologist

Rob Jahrling (born 1974), East German-born Australian rower, son of Harald Jährling

Rolf Jährling (1913–1991), German architect, gallery owner and art dealer

Rob Jahrling
Robert Jahrling (born 14 February 1974) is an East Berlin-born Olympian rower of East German parentage who competed for Australia at three Olympic Games. He is an Australian state and national champion, a medallist at World Rowing Championships, Rowing World Cups, Commonwealth Games and won a silver medal at the 2000 Sydney Olympics in the men's eight.
The Lustful Turk
The Lustful Turk, or Lascivious Scenes from a Harem is a pre-Victorian British exploitation erotic epistolary novel first published anonymously in 1828 by John Benjamin Brookes and reprinted by William Dugdale. However, it was not widely known or circulated until the 1893 edition.

William Dugdale (publisher)
William Dugdale (29 March 1800 – 11 November 1868) was an English publisher, printer, and bookseller of politically subversive publications and pornographic literature in England during the 19th century. By the 1850s he had become "the principal source of such publications in the country". Despite the numerous police raids on his shops and spending many years in prison he remained in the book trade for over forty years.
Mutiny Stones
The Mutiny Stones are a megalithic monument in the Lammermuir Hills, Scotland.

Situated on Byrecleugh Rig, the nearest centre of habitation is at Longformacus, some four miles away.

The monument is constructed as a long cairn, and is thought to date to the 3rd Millennium BC.

The name of the monument is a corruption of the Scots, mittenfu' o stones. This term arose because of a local legend that the devil was passing above and dropped a handful of boulders at the spot. The name was later corrupted to the Meeting stones, and thence to Mutiny stones.

The monument has been repeatedly robbed of stone over the years by shepherds, to create stells and dry stone walls. It now stands at 8 feet (2.4 m) at its highest point, although within recorded memory it was said to be 18 feet (5.5 m) high.
55°49′23″N 2°36′15″W﻿ / ﻿55.822975°N 2.604086°W﻿ / 55.822975; -2.604086

Stell
Stell is a name for a deep pool in a river where salmon rest and are fished, such as that found at Amble in Northumberland, England.

Fishing using stell nets was made illegal by the Tweed Act in Britain in 1857.
Doyo Dam
Doyo Dam (Japanese: 土用ダム) is a rock-fill embankment dam located 6 km (4 mi) north of Shinjō in the Okayama Prefecture, Japan. It creates the upper reservoir for the 1,500 MW Matanoagawa Pumped Storage Power Station while the Matanoagawa Dam creates the lower.

Shinjō, Okayama
Shinjō (新庄村, Shinjō-son) is a village located in Maniwa District, Okayama Prefecture, Japan. As of 30 November 2022, the village had an estimated population of 847 in 378 households and a population density of 13 persons per km2. The total area of the village is 67.11 square kilometres (25.91 sq mi). It is a member of The Most Beautiful Villages in Japan Association.
Gemas
Gemas (Negeri Sembilan Malay: Gomeh) is a small town and a mukim (township) in Tampin District, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia, near the Negeri Sembilan-Johor state border. It is 101 km southeast of Seremban, the state capital city, and 32 km north of Segamat, Johor.

Gemas is at the railway junction between the Malaysian west and east coast rail lines.

Negeri Sembilan Malay
Negeri Sembilan Malay (Baso Nogoghi or Baso Nismilan; Malay: Bahasa Melayu Negeri Sembilan; Jawi: بهاس ملايو نڬري سمبيلن) is an Austronesian language spoken mainly in the Malaysian state of Negeri Sembilan, including parts of Hulu Langat District in southeastern Selangor, Alor Gajah and parts of Jasin District in northern Malacca, and parts of Segamat District in the northernmost part of Johor. The language is spoken by the descendants of Minangkabau settlers from Sumatra, who have migrated to Negeri Sembilan since as early as the 14th century. It is often considered a variant or dialect of the Minangkabau language; lexical and phonological studies, however, indicate that it is more closely related to Standard Malay than it is to Minangkabau.
Szczepkowo-Borowe
Szczepkowo-Borowe [ʂt͡ʂɛpˈkɔvɔ bɔˈrɔvɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Janowiec Kościelny, within Nidzica County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) east of Janowiec Kościelny, 13 km (8 mi) south-east of Nidzica, and 54 km (34 mi) south of the regional capital Olsztyn.

Nidzica County
Nidzica County (Polish: powiat nidzicki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, northern Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Nidzica, which lies 48 kilometres (30 mi) south of the regional capital Olsztyn.

The county covers an area of 960.7 square kilometres (370.9 sq mi). As of 2006, its total population is 33,955, out of which the population of Nidzica is 14,761 and the rural population is 19,194.
Marguerite Clayton
Marguerite Clayton (born Margaret Fitzgerald; April 12, 1891 – December 20, 1968) was an American actress of the silent era. She appeared in more than 170 films between 1909 and 1928, many of which were westerns with Broncho Billy Anderson and Harry Carey.

Harry Carey (actor)
Henry DeWitt Carey II (January 16, 1878 – September 21, 1947) was an American actor and one of silent film's earliest superstars, usually cast as a Western hero. One of his best-known performances is as the president of the United States Senate in the drama film Mr. Smith Goes to Washington (1939), for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. He was the father of Harry Carey Jr., who was also a prominent actor.
Yew Chung International School of Silicon Valley
Yew Chung International School of Silicon Valley (YCISSV; Chinese: 美國矽谷耀中國際學校) is a private Preschool, Elementary and Middle School in the San Francisco Bay Area that provides an international education with an emphasis on Chinese studies. YCIS is a non-profit 501(c)3 organization and is accredited by the ACS-WASC. The main campus is located at 310 Easy Street, Mountain View, California. The preschool campus is 0.4 miles away at 199 E. Middlefield Road, also in Mountain View.

YCIS Silicon Valley is part of the Yew Chung Education Foundation, which was established in 1932. YCIS also has schools in Hong Kong, Shanghai, Beijing, Chongqing and Qingdao.

Yew Chung International School of Silicon Valley offers a Chinese-English bilingual program. While English is the primary language of instruction, YCIS focuses on bilingual learning through the utilization of the "co-teaching" model; classes are administered by both Western and Chinese teachers to encourage fluency.

Accrediting Commission for Schools - Western Association of Schools and Colleges
The Accrediting Commission for Schools - Western Association of Schools and Colleges (ACS WASC) is a regional accrediting body responsible for accrediting public and private schools below the college level, including elementary, secondary, and adult schools. ACS WASC also accredits some postsecondary, non-degree granting institutions. It is one of three organizations that emerged from the restructuring of the Western Association of Schools and Colleges in 2012, alongside the Accrediting Commission for Community and Junior Colleges (ACCJC) and the WASC Senior College and University Commission (WSCUC).
Long Chaoyun
Long Chaoyun (Chinese: 龙超云; born August 1952) is a Chinese politician of Dong ethnicity who held a series of senior positions in Guizhou Province. She served as Vice Governor of Guizhou, Head of the United Front Work Department of the CCP Guizhou Provincial Committee, Chairwoman of the Guizhou Federation of Trade Unions, and Party Secretary of Guizhou University. She was a deputy to the 9th National People's Congress and a member of the 10th and 11th National Committees of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.

Guizhou Federation of Trade Unions
The Guizhou Federation of Trade Unions (GZFTU; Chinese: 贵州省总工会), a provincial branch of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU), was formally established in August 1937 in Guiyang during the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)-led labor mobilization efforts preceding the Second Sino-Japanese War.
Interstate 69 in Tennessee
Interstate 69 (I-69) is a proposed Interstate Highway that will pass through the western part of the US state of Tennessee, serving the cities of Union City, Dyersburg, and Memphis. Currently, a 21-mile (34 km) section of already-existing freeway in Memphis has been approved for the I-69 designation (although it has not been signed as such) while another segment near Union City opened on February 21, 2024, under the temporary designation of Tennessee State Route 690. However, state officials have stated that they will not commit to finishing the interstate in their state until they receive more federal funding.

Millington, Tennessee
Millington is a city in Shelby County, Tennessee, United States, and is a part of the Memphis metropolitan area. As of the 2020 census, Millington had a population of 10,582. Millington was granted the title "Flag City Tennessee" by the Tennessee State Legislature. The Naval Support Activity Mid-South is located at the former Memphis Naval Air Station, whose function was changed in 1993 from a training base to an administrative one. There is also a general aviation airport that features the third longest runway in Tennessee.
William Segerdahl
William Samuel Segerdahl, (born 10 June 2002) is a Swedish singer and songwriter. He participated in Idol 2018 which was broadcast on TV4. He placed in shared third place with Bragi Bergsson in the series semifinal on 30 November 2018. In 2017, Segerdahl released the songs "U-Turn" and "Trying". Since his participation in Idol, Segerdahl has released a handful of singles: "Problem", "Dansgolv", "Tåg", and "Ingenting Jag Säger Hjälper Nu", all of which were released during 2019. "Problem" reached number 3 on the Swedish Heatseeker Chart. In 2020, he has as of 29 April, released the singles "Det Kanske Inte är Så Farligt?" and "Aldrig".

Idol 2018 (Sweden)
Idol 2018 is the fourteenth season of reality-competition talent show Swedish Idol. Like the earlier seasons, this season was also broadcast on TV4. The hosts and the judges remained the same from the previous season. For the first time in the shows history there was a Top 13. Sebastian Walldén won the final.
Phitti
Phitti is a type of leavened bread baked by Hunzakut and Nagarkutz People of Hunza and Nagar, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan.

Preparation involves mixing flour, water, salt, butter and yeast, with other ingredients such as milk being added depending on personal taste. The dough thus prepared is placed in a metallic vessel called a Khimishdon in Burushaski and placed in a hearth which is preheated with a wooden fire. Alternatively, phitti can also be baked in an oven.

Phitti is eaten with butter during breakfast, as a snack or light lunch along with a salted cup of tea.

Breakfast
Breakfast is the first meal of the day, usually eaten in the morning. The word in English refers to breaking the fasting period of the previous night. Various "typical" or "traditional" breakfast menus exist, with food choices varying by regions and traditions worldwide.