hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Carbothermic reaction
Carbothermic reactions involve the reduction of substances, often metal oxides (O2-), using carbon (C) as the reducing agent. The reduction is usually conducted in the electric arc furnace or reverberatory furnace, depending on the metal ore. These chemical reactions are usually conducted at temperatures of several hundred degrees Celsius. Such processes are applied for production of the elemental forms of many elements. The ability of metals to participate in carbothermic reactions can be predicted from Ellingham diagrams.

Carbothermal reactions produce carbon monoxide (CO) and sometimes carbon dioxide (CO2).  The facility of these conversions is attributable to the entropy of reaction: two solids, the metal oxide (and flux) and carbon, are converted to a new solid (metal) and a gas (COx), the latter having high entropy.

Oxide
An oxide (/ˈɒksaɪd/) is a chemical compound containing at least one oxygen atom and one other element in its chemical formula. "Oxide" itself is the dianion (anion bearing a net charge of −2) of oxygen, an O2− ion with oxygen in the oxidation state of −2. Most of the Earth's crust consists of oxides. Even materials considered pure elements often develop an oxide coating. For example, aluminium foil develops a thin skin of Al2O3 (called a passivation layer) that protects the foil from further oxidation.
World Game (novel)
World Game is a BBC Books original novel written by Terrance Dicks and based on the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who. It features the Second Doctor (Patrick Troughton) and the Lady Serena and is set during "Season 6B".  It is also a partial sequel to another Dicks' Past Doctor Adventure, Players and documents the return of the Countess. The novel makes reference to the events of Sharpe's Triumph by Bernard Cornwell.

Patrick Troughton
Patrick George Troughton (/ˈtraʊtən/; 25 March 1920 – 28 March 1987) was an English actor. He became best known for his work as a character actor in television, most notably starring as the second incarnation of the Doctor in the long-running British science-fiction television series Doctor Who from 1966 to 1969; he reprised the role three times between 1972 and 1985. Classically trained, Troughton's early work included appearances in Laurence Olivier's films Hamlet (1948) and Richard III (1955), and he later appeared in genre films including Jason and the Argonauts (1963), The Gorgon (1964), Scars of Dracula (1970) and The Omen (1976), as well as the fantasy television series The Box of Delights (1984).
Flooding at Port-Marly
Flooding at Port-Marly is the title of two series of paintings by Alfred Sisley, produced at Port-Marly in 1872 (seven works) and 1876 (four works). Two works from the 1876 series are now in the Musée d'Orsay, with one hanging in the museum itself and the other at the Musée des Beaux-Arts de Rouen. Other work from the 1876 series is exhibited in the Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum, Madrid.

Musée des Beaux-Arts de Rouen
The Musée des Beaux-Arts de Rouen (French pronunciation: [myze de boz‿aʁ də ʁwɑ̃]) is an art museum in Rouen, in Normandy in north-western France. It was established by Napoléon Bonaparte in 1801, and is housed in a building designed by Louis Sauvageot and built between 1877, and 1888. Its collections include paintings, sculptures, drawings and objets d'art.
Mira Fornay
Mira Fornay, also known as Mira Fornayová (born 8 May 1977) is a Slovak film director and screenwriter. Her film, My Dog Killer, won the main award at the 2013 International Film Festival Rotterdam. My Dog Killer won three awards at the 2014 Sun in a Net Awards including Best Film, Best Director and Best Screenplay.

Sun in a Net Awards
The Sun in a Net Awards (Slovak: Slnko v sieti) are annual awards that recognize accomplishments in filmmaking and television. It is the highest award of achievement in film awarded in Slovakia. It is organised by the Slovak Film and Television Academy. Awards were originally held bi-annually.

The awards were established in 2004. The award is named after the 1963 Slovak-language film The Sun in a Net. The first awards were held in 2006.
Off the Record (charity)
Off The Record Bristol (OTR) is a mental health support and information service in Bristol which provides counselling, group workshops, anti-stigma campaigns, creative therapies, LGBTQ+ networks and support, stress management workshops and community-based support groups for young people. OTR works across Bristol and South Gloucestershire and is free at every point of access.

Founded in November 1965, Off The Record (Bristol) is one of the oldest established young people's mental health services in the country. The service began as a result of a combined initiative between the Bristol Association of Youth Clubs and Bristol Marriage and Family Guidance Council.

Off The Record receives funding from Comic Relief, Children in Need, Bristol City Council and the Big Lottery Fund.

Bristol City Council
Bristol City Council is the local authority for the city of Bristol, in South West England. Bristol has had a council from medieval times, which has been reformed on numerous occasions. Since 1996 the council has been a unitary authority, being a district council which also performs the functions of a county council. Bristol has also formed its own ceremonial county since 1996. Since 2017 the council has been a member of the West of England Combined Authority.

The council has been under no overall control since 2021. Following the 2024 election the Green Party was the largest party. Green councillor Tony Dyer was appointed leader of the council, and committee chair positions were shared amongst the Greens and Liberal Democrats. The council is based at City Hall on College Green.
Aaron Seeman
Aaron Seeman is an American composer, pianist, and accordion player, who has distinguished himself by adapting punk rock, popular music, show tunes, and cartoon theme songs for the accordion, as Duckmandu.

Duckmandu's repertoire also includes adaptations of Klezmer, Classical Country, and Polka pieces, as well as conventional accordion repertoire - polkas and tangos - at bar mitzvahs, weddings and Oktoberfest celebrations.

Duckmandu performance sets include such diverse material as the Dead Kennedys, Beethoven, the Power Puff Girls theme song, and a musical rendition of the Periodic Table of the Elements.

Maximum Rock 'n Roll, the premier punk magazine, pronounced him "warble for warble spot-on Jello" for his note-for-note renditions 
of the entire first Dead Kennedys album, Fresh Fruit for Rotting Vegetables. He currently resides in Oakland, California.

Maximum Rocknroll
Maximumrocknroll, often written as Maximum Rocknroll and usually abbreviated as MRR, is a not-for-profit monthly online zine of punk subculture and radio show of punk music. Based in San Francisco, MRR focuses on punk rock and hardcore music, and primarily features artist interviews and music reviews. Op/ed columns and news roundups are regular features as well, including submissions from international contributors. By 1990, it "had become the de facto bible of the scene". MRR is considered to be one of the most important zines in punk, not only because of its wide-ranging coverage, but because it has been a consistent and influential presence in the ever-changing punk community for over three decades. From 1992 to 2011, it published a guide called Book Your Own Fuckin' Life.

Since 2019, MMR has been an online-only publication.
Regent of Iraq
The Regent of Iraq (Arabic: وصي العراق, romanized: waṣṣā al-ʿIrāqi) was a position established in 1939 and held by 'Abd al-Ilah until 1953. Regent, from the Latin regens "one who reigns", is a person selected to act as head of state (ruling or not) because the ruler is a minor, not present, or debilitated.

Abd al-Ilah
Abd al-Ilah of Hejaz (Arabic: عبد الإله بن علي الهاشمي) GCB, GCMG, GCVO (Arabic: عبد الإله; also written Abdul Ilah or Abdullah; 14 November 1913 – 14 July 1958) was a cousin and brother-in-law of King Ghazi of the Hashemite Kingdom of Iraq and was regent for his nephew King Faisal II, from 4 April 1939 to 23 May 1953, when Faisal came of age. Abd al-Ilah also held the title of Crown Prince of Iraq from 1943 to 1953.

Abd al-Ilah was killed along with the rest of the Iraqi royal family in the 14 July Revolution in 1958 that ended the Hashemite monarchy in Iraq. His body was mutilated, dragged across the streets of Baghdad, and eventually burnt.
Selim Rusi
Selim Rusi (c. 1821–1905) was an Albanian patriot who was one of the most prominent activists of the Albanian National Awakening in the late 19th century and early 20th century. He was born in Debar, then part of the Ottoman Empire (modern North Macedonia) to an Albanian family known for patriotism. In 1899 he represented the Sanjak of Debar at the meeting that established the League of Peja, an organisation that aimed at advancing the rights of the Albanians in the Ottoman Empire. Later that year he was one of the leaders of a revolt in the Sanjak of Debar as planned by the League of Peja. Although he failed to organise a meeting of local patriots at Debar, the revolt in which he was involved was a turning point in the struggle of the Albanians for independence. His grandson is Sherif Langu, he and his family spoke Albanian in the Gheg dialect.

Gheg Albanian
Gheg (Gheg Albanian: gegnisht, Standard Albanian: gegërisht) is one of the two major varieties of Albanian, the other being Tosk. The geographic dividing line between the two varieties is the Shkumbin River, which winds its way through central Albania. Gheg is spoken in northern and central Albania, Kosovo, northwestern North Macedonia, southeastern Montenegro and southern Serbia by the Albanian dialectal subgroup known as Ghegs.

Gheg does not have any official status as a written language in any country. Publications in Kosovo and North Macedonia are in Standard Albanian, which is based on Tosk. However, some authors continue to write in Gheg.
Susan Easton Black
Susan Easton Black (born Susan Lindsay Ward in 1944) is a retired professor of Church History and Doctrine at Brigham Young University (BYU) in Provo, Utah.  She is also an author of several books related to Joseph Smith and the early history of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).

Provo, Utah
Provo (/ˈproʊ.voʊ/ PROH-voh) is a city in and the county seat of Utah County, Utah, United States. It is 43 miles (69 km) south of Salt Lake City along the Wasatch Front, and lies between the cities of Orem to the north and Springville to the south. With a population at the 2020 census of 115,162, Provo is the fourth-largest city in Utah and the principal city in the Provo-Orem metropolitan area, which had a population of 526,810 at the 2010 census. It is Utah's second-largest metropolitan area after Salt Lake City.

Provo is the home to Brigham Young University (BYU), a private higher education institution operated by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). Provo also has the LDS Church's largest Missionary Training Center (MTC). The city is a focus area for technology development in Utah, with several billion-dollar startups. The city's Peaks Ice Arena was a venue for the Salt Lake City Winter Olympics in 2002.
Joonas Angeria
Joonas Angeria (born Joonas Mikael Angeria; 23 March 1989), is a Finnish music producer, songwriter and musician. He is known for writing and producing hit songs for artists such as Isac Elliot, Pentatonix, Julie Bergan, Mads Langer, Paula Vesala, Robin, and Sjur. He has won the The Finnish Music Publishers Association - Award has been nominated twice as Producer of the Year at the Finnish Emma Gala.

Julie Bergan
Julie Bergan (born 12 April 1994) is a Norwegian singer and songwriter born in Skien, Norway. Bergan started releasing covers on YouTube at the age of 16, eventually signing a record deal with Warner Music Norway in 2013. In 2015 she attained mainstream success in Denmark and Germany with her single "All Hours", before breaking through in her native Norway in 2016 with "Arigato" peaking at number one. Bergan's major-label debut album Turn On the Light was released in 2018. She returned to the number one spot in 2018 on VG-lista after collaborating with K-391, Alan Walker and Seungri on "Ignite".
Buddhist monasticism
Buddhist monasticism is one of the earliest surviving forms of organized monasticism and one of the fundamental institutions of Buddhism. Monks and nuns, called bhikkhu (Pali, Skt. bhikshu) and bhikkhuni (Skt. bhikshuni), are responsible for the preservation and dissemination of the Buddha's teaching and the guidance of Buddhist lay people. Three surviving traditions of monastic discipline (Vinaya), govern modern monastic life in different regional traditions: Theravada (Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia), Dharmaguptaka (East Asia), and Mulasarvastivada (Tibet and the Himalayan region).

Pratimokṣa
The Pratimokṣa (Sanskrit: प्रातिमोक्ष, romanized: prātimokṣa) is a list of rules (contained within the vinaya) governing the behaviour of Buddhist monastics (monks or bhikṣus and nuns or bhikṣuṇīs). Prati means "towards" and mokṣa means "liberation" from cyclic existence (saṃsāra).

It became customary to recite these rules once a fortnight at a meeting of the sangha during which confession would traditionally take place. A number of prātimokṣa codes are extant, including those contained in the Theravāda, Mahāsāṃghika, Mahīśāsaka, Dharmaguptaka, Sarvāstivāda and Mūlasarvāstivāda vinayas. Pratimokṣa texts may also circulate in separate pratimokṣa sūtras, which are extracts from their respective vinayas.
Claffey
Claffey is an Irish surname. People surnamed Claffey include:

Daniel Claffey (1869–1924), New Zealand cricketer

Kieran Claffey (1949–1995), Irish Gaelic footballer

Niall Claffey (born 1978), Irish hurler

Peter Claffey (born 1996), Irish actor and rugby union player

Úna Claffey (born 1947), Irish journalist and political adviser

Vinny Claffey, Irish gaelic footballer (played until 2003)

Gentleman Jack Gallagher, ring name of Oliver Claffey (born 1990), English wrestler

Gentleman Jack Gallagher
Oliver Westfield Claffey (born 7 January 1990), better known by the ring name Jack Gallagher and most recently Jack Claffey, is an English mixed martial artist and a former professional wrestler. He is best known for his time in WWE, where he performed on the NXT and 205 Live brands, mostly under the ring name Gentleman Jack Gallagher.

Claffey had worked in the British Independent circuit since 2006. In 2016, he competed on the WWE tournament Cruiserweight Classic. After the tournament, he was signed to a WWE contract and worked on the 205 Live brand, exclusively for cruiserweights.
1988 Federation Cup (tennis)
The 1988 Federation Cup was the 26th edition of the most important competition between national teams in women's tennis. The tournament was held at Flinders Park in Melbourne, Australia, from 4–11 December. Czechoslovakia defeated the Soviet Union in the final (in what was the first time the Soviet Union reached the semifinals since 1979), giving Czechoslovakia their 5th title, and 4th in six years.

Russia Billie Jean King Cup team
The Russia Billie Jean King Cup team represented Russia in Billie Jean King Cup tennis competition and are governed by the Russian Tennis Federation. They compete in the World Group. Following the 2020 ban of Russia by  the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) and the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS), it competed and won the 2020–21 Billie Jean King Cup under the RTF flag and name. After the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the International Tennis Federation suspended Russia from Billie Jean King Cup competitions.

From 1968 until 1991, the team represented the Soviet Union. With the dissolution of that country, it started to represent the Commonwealth of Independent States in 1992 until 1995, when it started to represent the Russian Federation.
2001 Dura Lube 400
The 2001 Dura Lube 400 was the second stock car race of the 2001 NASCAR Winston Cup Series. It was held on February 25, 2001 but ended on February 26 due to a rain delay at North Carolina Speedway, in Richmond County, North Carolina and was the first race to take place after the death of seven-time Winston Cup champion Dale Earnhardt on the last lap of the Daytona 500, and he was commemorated in various ways throughout the race weekend.

The race was delayed for more than 90 minutes before only completing 52 laps when it was stopped due to rain falling on the race track. The race restarted the next day under sunny conditions. The race was won by Steve Park in the No. 1 Chevrolet for Dale Earnhardt, Inc.; this was DEI's first win after Earnhardt's death in the previous race. This was also Kevin Harvick's debut in the Cup Series, as he replaced Earnhardt in the renumbered No. 29 Chevrolet for Richard Childress Racing.

Richmond County, North Carolina
Richmond County is a county located on the central southern border of the U.S. state of North Carolina. Its county seat is Rockingham. The county was formed in 1779 from a portion of Anson County and named in honor of Charles Lennox, 3rd Duke of Richmond and Lennox. As of the 2020 census, the population was 42,946.
Cherry Valley Village Historic District
Cherry Valley Village Historic District is a national historic district in Cherry Valley in Otsego County, New York.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988. It encompasses 226 contributing buildings, one contributing site, three contributing structures, and two contributing objects.  Its boundaries were increased in 1995, by an area called the Lindesay Patent Rural Historic District. It encompasses 331 contributing buildings.

Otsego County, New York
Otsego County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 58,524. The county seat is Cooperstown. The county's population center is Oneonta. The name Otsego is from a Mohawk or Oneida word meaning "place of the rock." The county is part of the Mohawk Valley region of the state.
Lilla Jönssonligan på kollo
Lilla Jönssonligan på kollo (English: The Little Jönsson League at camp) is the third film in the Swedish Lilla Jönssonligan film series. It was released on January 23, 2004, in Sweden and was directed by Christjan Wegner.

The film was broadcast on the Swedish television channel TV4 on December 29, 2007.

TV4 (Swedish TV channel)
TV4 (TV fyra) is a Swedish free-to-air television network owned by TV4 AB, a subsidiary of the TV4 Media AB. It started broadcasting by satellite in 1990 and, since 1992, on terrestrial television. In 1994, TV4 became the largest channel and remained so for a number of years. The two channels of Sveriges Television (SVT) lost more and more viewers for a couple of years. After making schedule changes in 2001, SVT1 had practically the same numbers of viewers as TV4. From 2004 to 2019, the TV4 Group was a fully active member of the European Broadcasting Union.
Dmitry Troubetskoy
Prince Dmitry Timofeyevich Troubetzkoy (died June 24, 1625) was a Russian military and political figure during the Time of Troubles, one of the leaders in a rebellion against the Polish occupation and the leader of the Zemsky Sobor's provisional government.

Together with Dmitry Pozharsky and Kuzma Minin, he directed the release of the capital from the Poles, and for the time after the expulsion of the Poles and before the election of Mikhail Romanov, he was elected ruler of the Russian state. For his activities, he received the title of "Savior of the Fatherland" and was one of the contenders for the royal throne at the Zemsky Sobor of 1613.

Zemsky Sobor
The Zemsky Sobor (Russian: зе́мский собо́р, IPA: [ˈzʲemskʲɪj sɐˈbor], lit. 'assembly of the land') was a parliament of the Tsardom of Russia's estates of the realm active during the 16th and 17th centuries.

The assembly represented Russia's feudal classes in three categories: Nobility and the high bureaucracy, the Holy Sobor of the Orthodox clergy, and representatives of "commoners" including merchants and townspeople. Assemblies could be summoned either by the tsar, the patriarch, or the boyar duma, to decide current agenda, controversial issues or enact major pieces of legislation.
Jharome Peña
Jharome Peña is a Filipino professional pool player. During the WPA World Nine-ball Championship in 2006, he advanced to the round of 32, but was then eliminated by former world snooker champion Steve Davis of Great Britain.

2006 WPA World Nine-ball Championship
The 2006 WPA World Nine-ball Championship was the seventeenth edition of the WPA World Nine-ball Championship and took place between 4 and 12 November 2006 at the Philippine International Convention Center in Pasay, Philippines. The event was to be held for the first time in the Philippines, on a two-year deal, including the 2007 WPA World Nine-ball Championship. The championships were hosted by the World Pool Billiard Association (WPA).

Ronato Alcano won the championship with a 17–11 win in the final against Ralf Souquet of Germany. Defending champion Wu Jia-qing was defeated in the quarter-final by Alcano.
Brandeis
Brandeis is a German surname derived from one of the Czech towns named Brandýs (Brandýs nad Labem and Brandýs nad Orlicí) that are called Brandeis in German. The Czech form of the surname in Brandejs. Notable people with the surname include:

Antonietta Brandeis (1848–1926), Czech-born Italian painter

Friedl Dicker-Brandeis (1898–1944), Austrian artist, designer and educator

Gayle Brandeis (born 1968), American novelist

Irma Brandeis (1905–1990), American scholar

Louis Brandeis (1856–1941), American lawyer and Supreme Court Justice

Brandýs nad Labem-Stará Boleslav
Brandýs nad Labem-Stará Boleslav (Czech pronunciation: [ˈbrandiːs ˈnad labɛm ˈstaraː ˈbolɛslaf]; German: Brandeis and Altbunzlau) is an administratively united pair of towns in Prague-East District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 20,000 inhabitants and it is the second largest Czech united pair of towns after Frýdek-Místek.

Stará Boleslav is known as an important pilgrimage site, which is the oldest in Bohemia. There are several important monuments. The historic centres of both Brandýs nad Labem and Stará Boleslav are well preserved and are protected as two urban monument zones.
Kwekwe Solar Power Station
The Kwekwe Solar Power Station is a proposed 50 MW (67,000 hp) solar power plant in Zimbabwe. The power station is under development by a consortium comprising Tatanga Energy, an independent power producer (IPP) and Sable Chemical Industries, a fertilizer-manufacturing company. The energy generated by this station is intended for use, primarily in the fertilizer factory, with the excess sold to Zimbabwe Electricity Supply Authority (ZESA), for integration into the national electricity grid.

Independent power producer
An independent power producer (IPP) or non-utility generator (NUG) is an entity that is not a public utility but owns facilities to generate electric power for sale to utilities and end users. NUGs may be privately held facilities, corporations, cooperatives such as rural solar or wind energy producers, and non-energy industrial concerns capable of feeding excess energy into the system.

An independent water and power producer (IWPP) is similar to an IPP, but with a unified process to also output usable treated water.