hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Clare Elwell
Clare Elwell is a British academic who is a professor of medical physics and director of the Near Infrared Spectroscopy Group within the Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory at University College London. She has served as president of both the International Society on Oxygen Transport to Tissue and the Society for Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy.

Elwell has received a number of awards including the Women in Science and Engineering Research Award, the Medical Research Council Science Suffrage Award, and the Melvin H. Knisely International Young Scientist Award from the International Society on Oxygen Transport to Tissue.

Medical optical imaging
Medical optical imaging is the use of light as an investigational imaging technique for medical applications,  pioneered by American Physical Chemist Britton Chance. Examples include optical microscopy, spectroscopy, endoscopy, scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, laser Doppler imaging, optical coherence tomography, and transdermal optical imaging. Because light is an electromagnetic wave, similar phenomena occur in X-rays, microwaves, and radio waves.

Optical imaging systems may be divided into diffusive and ballistic imaging systems. A model for photon migration in turbid biological media has been developed by Bonner et al. Such a model can be applied for interpretation  data obtained from laser Doppler blood-flow monitors and for designing  protocols for therapeutic
excitation of tissue chromophores.
1990s in Bangladesh
The 1990s (pronounced "nineteen-nineties", commonly shortened as the "'90s", pronounced "nineties") was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on 1 January 1990, and ended on 31 December 1999. For Bangladesh this decade was characterized by transition to democracy, rapid urbanisation and globalization and struggle for free and fair elections. The newly earned democracy influenced the cultural activities in the decade.

Morshedul Islam
Morshedul Islam (born 1 December 1958) is a Bangladeshi film director. His notable films include Agami (1984), Chaka (1993), Dipu Number Two (1996), Dukhai (1997), Khelaghor (2006), Durotto (2006) and Amar Bondhu Rashed (2011).
John Gordon (Scottish footballer)
John Gordon (12 January 1886 – 1971) was a Scottish professional footballer who played in the Scottish League for Hibernian, Leith Athletic, St Bernard's and Forfar Athletic as a centre half. He also played in the Southern League for Brentford and Coventry City.

St Bernard's F.C.
St Bernard's Football Club was a football club based in Edinburgh, Scotland. The club was established in 1878 and joined the Scottish Football League. Their biggest success came in winning the 1894–95 Scottish Cup. They played at several different grounds before making the Royal Gymnasium Ground their long-term home. However, after having to sell it in 1943, the club was dissolved.
John Howship
John Howship FRS (1781 – 22 January 1841) was an English surgeon remembered for describing the Howship–Romberg sign. He was an assistant surgeon at St. George's Infirmary, London and lecturer at St. George's Hospital Medical School. He was a member of the council of the Royal College of Surgeons at the time of his death from a lower leg abscess.

Howship was an associate of Robert Hooper, working on illustrations for Hooper's books. He also assisted John Heaviside with exhibits for his museum.

Royal College of Surgeons of England
The Royal College of Surgeons of England (RCS England) is an independent professional body and registered charity that promotes and advances standards of surgical care for patients, and regulates surgery and dentistry in England and Wales. The college is located at Lincoln's Inn Fields in London. It publishes multiple medical journals including the Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, the Faculty Dental Journal, and the Bulletin of the Royal College of Surgeons of England.
2019 Surrey Heath Borough Council election
The 2019 Surrey Heath Borough Council election took place on 2 May 2019 to elect all members of Surrey Heath Borough Council in England. The elections were held on new boundaries. The Conservatives narrowly held a majority on the council, but it fell from fifteen to just one.

Surrey Heath
Surrey Heath is a local government district with borough status in Surrey, England. Its council is based in Camberley. Much of the area is within the Metropolitan Green Belt.

The neighbouring districts are Runnymede, Woking, Guildford, Rushmoor, Hart, Bracknell Forest, and Windsor and Maidenhead.
Dumai-Malacca Cable System
Dumai-Malacca Cable System or DMCS is a submarine telecommunications cable system linking Indonesia and Malaysia across the Strait of Malacca

It has landing points in:

Dumai, Riau Province, Indonesia

Melaka City, Malacca, Malaysia

It has a design transmission capacity of 320 Gbit/s of which 20 Gbit/s were lit at inception, and a total cable length of 150 km. It was inaugurated on 17 February 2005.

Strait of Malacca
The Strait of Malacca is a narrow stretch of water, 900 kilometres (560 mi) long and from 65 to 250 km (40 to 155 mi) wide, between the Malay Peninsula to the northeast and the Indonesian island of Sumatra to the southwest, connecting the Andaman Sea (Indian Ocean) and the South China Sea (Pacific Ocean). As the main shipping channel between the Indian and Pacific oceans, it is one of the most important shipping lanes in the world.
Celestial Heights
Celestial Heights (Chinese: 半山壹號; Jyutping: bun3 saan1 jat1 hou6) is a private housing estate on Quarry Hill in Kowloon, Hong Kong, jointly developed by Cheung Kong Holdings and Nan Fung Group near To Kwa Wan station. There are 939 housing units, with an average price of HK$19,000,000. It is composed of several more-than-50-floor buildings. It was completed in 2009 and 2010.

Kowloon
Kowloon (/ˌkaʊˈluːn/) is one of the three areas of Hong Kong, along with Hong Kong Island and the New Territories. It is an urban area comprising the Kowloon Peninsula and New Kowloon. It has a population of 2,019,533  and a population density of 43,033/km2 (111,450/sq mi) in 2006. It is the smallest, second most populous, and most densely populated of the divisions.
Renzo Bariviera
Renzo Bariviera (born 16 February 1949) is a retired Italian professional basketball player. In 2012, he was inducted into the Italian Basketball Hall of Fame. His elder brother, Vendramino, was an Olympic cyclist.

Italian Basketball Hall of Fame
The Italian Basketball Hall of Fame (Italian: Italia Basket Hall of Fame, IBHOF) is a hall of fame that honours individuals (or whole teams) that have contributed to the spread and improvement of Italian basketball, through their sporting contributions, their behaviour and their actions in support of the game in Italy.

The Italian Basketball Federation has inducted a class every year since 2007 (counting for the previous year) with an official ceremony that crowns athletes (male and female), coaches, referees or other figureheads who have contributed to Italian basketball, with a maximum of seven inductees per year (teams exempted). 
Those also in the Naismith Hall of Fame or the FIBA Hall of Fame are not limited in number, in addition, two individuals who are deceased at most can also be inducted in memoriam yearly.
Tatsuki Yoshino
Tatsuki Yoshino (Japanese: 吉野樹 born 13 July 1994) is a Japanese handball player for Toyota Auto Body and the Japanese national team.

He represented Japan at the 2019 World Men's Handball Championship.

2019 World Men's Handball Championship
The 2019 IHF World Men's Handball Championship was the 26th event hosted by the International Handball Federation and held in Denmark and Germany from 10 to 27 January 2019. It was the first IHF World Men's Handball Championship to include more than one host country. It was also the first time a unified Korean team participated.

Denmark, in a clean sweep, won their first title by defeating Norway 31–22 in the final. This was Norway's second final in a row and the first final since 1995 between two nations who had not won before. France captured the bronze medal after a 26–25 win over Germany.

The tournament set a new spectator record with 906,283, helped by the fact that there were two home teams. Biggest number of spectator at single events was 19,250 at Germany's matches in the main round.
1967–68 Taça de Portugal
The 1967–68 Taça de Portugal was the 28th edition of the Portuguese football knockout tournament, organized by the Portuguese Football Federation (FPF). The 1967–68 Taça de Portugal began on 8 October 1967. The final was played on 16 June 1968 at the Estádio Nacional.

Vitória de Setúbal were the previous holders, having defeated Académica de Coimbra 3–2 in the previous season's final. Defending champions Vitória de Setúbal were unable to regain the Taça de Portugal as they were defeated in the final by Porto who claimed their third Taça de Portugal.

Estádio Nacional
The Estádio Nacional (English: National Stadium), also known as Centro Desportivo Nacional do Jamor (English: Jamor National Sports Centre), is a football stadium. It is located in the civil parish of Algés, Linda-a-Velha e Cruz Quebrada-Dafundo, in the municipality of Oeiras, in the southwestern part of Lisbon District.

The Portugal national team played 46 matches at the stadium from 1945 to 1987, then played additional friendlies in 1999, 2003, 2014 and 2024. The venue was used by B-SAD from 2018 to 2022 and by Casa Pia A.C. in 2022–23, both as a temporary home ground in the Primeira Liga.

The stadium hosted the first ever UEFA club game on 4 September 1955 between Primeira Divisão's third-placed team, Sporting CP, and the Yugoslav champions, Serbian side Partizan Belgrade. It ended as a 3–3 draw and was the first game to be played of the first edition of the European Cup.
Aegir (moon)
Aegir, also Saturn XXXVI (provisional designation S/2004 S 10), is a natural satellite of Saturn. Its discovery was announced by Scott S. Sheppard, David C. Jewitt, Jan Kleyna, and Brian G. Marsden on May 4, 2005, from observations taken between December 12, 2004, and March 11, 2005.

Aegir is about 4 kilometres in diameter, and orbits Saturn at an average distance of 19,618 Mm in 1025.908 days, at an inclination of 167° to the ecliptic (140° to Saturn's equator), in a retrograde direction and with an eccentricity of 0.237.

Jan Kleyna
Jan T. Kleyna /ˌdʒæn ˈkliːnə/ is a postdoctoral astronomy researcher at the University of Hawaiʻi Institute for Astronomy. His area of interest is galaxy dynamics, and he has worked to develop codes for the real-time detection of moving objects such as Jovian satellites.  He has also co-discovered several of Saturn's moons.
Brooklin Paulista (São Paulo Metro)
Brooklin Paulista will be a monorail station of Line 17-Gold of ViaMobilidade, which is currently under construction, and will connect Line 9-Emerald to Congonhas Airport.

Brooklin Paulista station will be placed in the crossing of Avenida Jornalista Roberto Marinho with Rua Vicente Leporace.

Initially, in the São Paulo Metro expansion plans, Line 17-Gold should have been opened in 2014, connecting with São Paulo–Morumbi station of Line 4-Yellow, at the time that Morumbi Stadium was considered one of the hosts for 2014 FIFA World Cup.

After that, the promise of opening of the line was delayed to 2016, end of 2017, 2018, December 2020, mid of 2021, and, currently, to 2nd semester of 2022.

Estádio do Morumbi
The Estádio Cícero Pompeu de Toledo, popularly known as Morumbi, and currently known as MorumBIS for sponsorship reasons, is a multipurpose 72,039-seater football stadium located in the eponymous district in São Paulo, Brazil. It is the home of São Paulo FC and its formal name honors Cícero Pompeu de Toledo, who was São Paulo FC's chairman during most of the stadium construction and died before its inauguration. Morumbi is the largest privately owned stadium in Brazil. Designed by the architect João Batista Vilanova Artigas, the stadium is a monument of Brazilian modernism and in 2018 was formally marked as a cultural building by São Paulo city prefecture.
Mercury Stardust
Mercury Stardust (born December 8, 1987) is an American author, TikToker, transgender activist, burlesque performer, and home repair educator. Known on TikTok as the "Trans Handy Ma'am", she provides advice on DIY home repair.

American burlesque
American burlesque is a genre of variety show derived from elements of Victorian burlesque, music hall, and minstrel shows. Burlesque became popular in the United States in the late 1860s and slowly evolved to feature ribald comedy and female nudity. By the late 1920s, the striptease element overshadowed the comedy and subjected burlesque to extensive local legislation. Burlesque gradually lost its popularity, beginning in the 1940s. A number of producers sought to capitalize on nostalgia for the entertainment by recreating burlesque on the stage and in Hollywood films from the 1930s to the 1960s. There has been a resurgence of interest in this format since the 1990s.
Engineering (constituency)
The Engineering functional constituency (Chinese: 工程界功能界別) is a functional constituency in the elections for the Legislative Council of Hong Kong first created in 1991, derived from the Engineering, Architectural, Surveying and Planning functional constituency. The constituency is composed of professional engineers and the members of the Hong Kong Institution of Engineers. As of 2021, it was composed of 10,772 registered voters.

Hong Kong Institution of Engineers
The Hong Kong Institution of Engineers (HKIE, Chinese: 香港工程師學會) is a professional body of engineers in Hong Kong. It was founded in 1947 as the Engineering Society of Hong Kong and was incorporated by the Legislative Council of Hong Kong as The Hong Kong Institution of Engineers in 1975. The institution aims to facilitate the exchange of knowledge and ideas, train the members in new technology and practices, and to raise the standing and visibility of engineers. It has a membership of more than 30,000 under 21 different engineering disciplines.
Blue Township, Jackson County, Missouri
Blue Township is an inactive township in Jackson County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.

Blue Township was established in 1827, taking its name from the Blue River.

In 1930, the township included the city of Independence as well as the villages of Atherton, Sugar Creek, Courtney, Cement City, and East Independence.

Jackson County, Missouri
Jackson County is located in the western portion of the U.S. state of Missouri, on the border with Kansas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 717,204. making it the second-most populous county in the state (after St. Louis County in the east). The county seats are Independence and Kansas City, making Jackson County one of 33 U.S. counties with more than one county seat. The county was organized December 15, 1826, and named for former Tennessee senator Andrew Jackson, who would become President of the United States three years later in 1829.
1978 UEFA European Under-21 Championship
The 1978 UEFA European Under-21 Championship, which spanned two years (1976–78) had 24 entrants. Yugoslavia U-21s won the competition.

The 24 national teams were divided into eight groups. The group winners played off against each other on a two-legged home-and-away basis until the winner was decided.  There was no finals tournament or 3rd-place playoff.

Finland national under-21 football team
The Finland national under-21 football team is the national under-21 football team of Finland.

The team qualified for the UEFA Euro U21 Championship final tournament for the first time in 2009, under head coach Markku Kanerva. 15 years later, coached by Mika Lehkosuo, they qualified for the 2025 UEFA Euro U21 Championship tournament in Slovakia, for the second time in the nation's history, after defeating Norway in the qualification play-offs.
Frederick Carr
Not to be confused with Frederick Carr of Maryland who established Carr's Beach

Frederick Carr (born June 22, 1947) is a meteorologist who was president for the 2016 term of the American Meteorological Society. He was formerly the McCasland Foundation Professor of Meteorology and is now a professor emeritus at the University of Oklahoma School of Meteorology.

Elktonia-Carr's Beach Heritage Park
Elktonia-Carr's Beach Heritage Park is in Maryland near Annapolis. It commemorates Elktonia Beach and Carr's Beach, beach resort areas open to African Americans during segregation. Sparrow's Beach was also part of the 180 acres of beachfront property. Five acres remain. A plan for a heritage park was launched in 2017. Carr's Beach is across from the Annapolis Maritime Museum.
Trophies of Damascus
Trophies of Damascus, or alternatively Trophies Framed against Jews in Damascus, was a 7th-century anti-Jewish dialogue written around 681 A.D. in Damascus. Detailed inside are four discussions surrounding various theological issues, as well as a dialogue between a Jewish stylite and a Chalcedonian - the second dialogue is referred to as the "Bonwetsch Dialogue" by some scholars. After the dialogues, there is disarray among the Jews, with some saying, "By the Law I think we are wrong".

Trophies of Damascus has been discovered in fragments inside a palimpsest in Vienna; however, the full text is only preserved in the Bibliothèque Nationale de France Parisinus Coislianus 299 along with other anti-Jewish works such as the Doctrina Jacobi and an extended version of Dialogue of Timothy and Aquila Because Damascus was under Arab rule at this time, some scholars suggest that the Jews are actually a cipher for the Arabs.

Palimpsest
In textual studies, a palimpsest (/ˈpælɪmpsɛst/) is a manuscript page, either from a scroll or a book, from which the text has been scraped or washed off in preparation for reuse in the form of another document. Parchment was made of lamb, calf, or goat skin and was expensive and not readily available, so, in the interest of economy, a page was often re-used by scraping off the previous writing. In colloquial usage, the term palimpsest is also used in architecture, archaeology and geomorphology to denote an object made or worked upon for one purpose and later reused for another; for example, a monumental brass on which the blank reverse side has been re-engraved.
Quebrada del Carrizo Metamorphic Complex
The Quebrada del Carrizo Metamorphic Complex is a geological complex of metamorphic rocks that crops out in Quebrada del Carrizo Creek next to the Cordillera Domeyko in the Atacama Desert of Chile. The Quebrada del Carrizo Metamorphic Complex is part of a larger accretionary complex in northern Chile that was an active accretionary wedge in the Late Paleozoic.

Most of the complex is covered by the Miocene welded tuffs of the Llano Las Vicuñas ignimbrites. The sedimentary protolith of the formation was deposited in the Late Paleozoic. The protoliths sediments arrived from the east with some lesser amounts arriving from as far as the cratons of the interior of South America.

Complex (geology)
In geology, a complex is a lithodemic unit consisting of two or more lithodemes of more than one genetic class (metamorphic, igneous or sedimentary).

The law of superposition is inapplicable to intrusive, highly deformed, or metamorphic bodies of rock lacking discernible stratification. Such bodies of rock are described as lithodemic and are determined and delimited based on rock characteristics. The 1983 North American Stratigraphic Code adopted the formal term lithodeme, which is comparable to a formation. A lithodeme is the fundamental unit and should possess distinctive and consistent lithological features, comprising a single rock type or a mixture of two or more types that distinguishes the unit from those around it. A complex is a group of two or more lithodemes of more than one genetic classes. It differs from a suite, which is a group of two or more lithodemes of the same genetic class.
Casatiello
Casatiello (Neapolitan: casatiéllo; Italian: casatello) is a leavened savory bread originating from Naples prepared during the Easter period.

Its basic ingredients are flour, lard, cheese, salami, cracklings, eggs and black pepper.

Cracklings
Cracklings (American English), crackling (British English), also known as scratchings, are the solid material that remains after rendering animal fat and skin to produce lard, tallow, or schmaltz, or as the result of roasting meat. It is often eaten as a snack food or made into animal feed. It is also used in cooking.

Cracklings are most commonly made from pork, goose, and chicken, but are also made from other poultry and from beef, lamb and mutton.
Susuwahi
Susuwahi is a census town in Varanasi tehsil of  Varanasi district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. The census town falls under  the Susuwahi gram panchayat.  Susuwahi Census town is about 12 kilometers South of Varanasi railway station, 320 kilometers South-East of  Lucknow and 5 kilometers South-West of Banaras Hindu University main  gate.

Varanasi tehsil
Varanasi Tehsil is one of three tehsils (sub-districts) in the district of Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh state, India, the other two being Pindra and Raja Talab tehsils. Varanasi tehsil consists of Varanasi city urban and rural areas. It has 38 census towns and 835 villages.
Hotat Khalid
Hotat Khalid (Arabic: حوطة خالد) was a settlement in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, located north of Duhairah and south of al-Murabba. It was named after King Khalid bin Abdulaziz, who was allotted several acres of land in the area by his father, King Abdulaziz ibn Saud. It was a residential area inhabited by many prominent figures of that time, like Hafiz Wahba, Hussein Oweini and John Philby and today lies in the north of ad-Dirah neighborhood in the city's downtown. The Khaldia Towers was built in 1983 on the grounds of King Khalid's palace ruins.

Hafiz Wahba
Hafiz Wahba (Arabic: حافظ وهبة; 15 July 1889 – 1967) was a Saudi diplomat. Fuad Hamza and he were the first ambassadors of Saudi Arabia, the former in France and Hamza in the United Kingdom. In addition, they were among the advisers whom King Abdulaziz employed to improve the decision-making process of the state.
Indore-Daund Superfast Express
The 22943 / 22944 Indore–Daund Superfast Express is a superfast train of the Indian Railways which runs between Indore Junction in Madhya Pradesh and Daund Junction in Maharashtra. In late 2020 its rakes had been upgraded to LHB coaches.

This train earlier had the numbers 19311/19312 until July 2016, when railways decided to upgrade its service from Mail/Express to Superfast and introduced Indore-Pune Express which went through Karjat-Panvel-Vasai Road route, instead of Karjat-Kalyan-Vasai Road.

Until late 2020s, This train used to run till Pune only, later on railways extended it to Daund for traffic regulation purposes at Pune Railway Junction.

It is the only rail connection between Indore and Daund since Indore–Pune Express (via Panvel) got cancelled permanently.

LHB coach
Linke-Hofmann-Busch (LHB) coach is a passenger rail coach developed by Linke-Hofmann-Busch for Indian Railways. Initially, 24 air-conditioned coaches were imported from Germany for use in the Shatabdi Express following which the coaches were manufactured in India. The coaches are manufactured by three state-owned rail coach manufacturing units at Chennai, Kapurthala, and Raebareli.

In the late 1990s, the Indian Railways started replacing the ICF coaches with LHB coaches. It was initially introduced on select express trains running on the 1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) broad gauge network of the Indian Railways. The manufacturing of ICF coaches ceased in 19 January 2018, and subsequently LHB coaches were used for most of the passenger and express trains. As of October 2025, 75% of all non Multiple Unit express trains of the Indian Railways were running with LHB coaches.