hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Philippines Exposition (1887)
The Philippines Exposition (Spanish: Exposición de las Filipinas; full name: Exposición General de las Islas Filipinas) was a colonial exhibition held in the main park in Madrid, the Parque del Buen Retiro, in 1887 in order to boost commercial and economic relations between the archipelago of the Philippines and the metropolis.
Buildings erected for the exhibition such as the Palacio de Cristal survive to the present day.

Captaincy General of the Philippines
The Captaincy General of the Philippines was an administrative district of the Spanish Empire in Southeast Asia governed by a governor-general as a dependency of the Viceroyalty of New Spain based in Mexico City until Mexican independence when it was transferred directly to Madrid.

Also known as the Captaincy General of the Spanish East Indies, which included among others the Philippine Islands, the Mariana Islands, and the Caroline Islands. It was founded in 1565 with the first permanent Spanish forts.

For centuries, all the administrative, political and economic aspects of the Captaincy General were administered in Mexico City by the Viceroyalty of New Spain for the Spanish Crown. However, in 1821, following the independence of the Mexican Empire, all control was transferred to Madrid. It was succeeded by the short-lived First Philippine Republic following its independence through the Philippine Revolution.
Trent Seven
Benjamin Maurice Webb (born 21 August 1981), known by the ring name Trent Seven, is an English professional wrestler and wrestling promoter. He is best known for his tenure with WWE from 2016 to 2022, where he performed primarily on their NXT UK brand. He has also performed for Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA).

Seven & Tyler Bate formed the tag team Moustache Mountain, who also had won the Progress Tag Team Championship and the RPW Undisputed British Tag Team Championship in the UK, as well as the Chikara Campeonatos de Parejas in the US. Seven, Bate and Pete Dunne collectively form the team British Strong Style. Seven is also a former 1-time ICW World Heavyweight Champion.

Promoter (entertainment)
A promoter works with event production and entertainment industries to promote their productions, including in music and sports. Promoters are individuals or organizations engaged in the business of marketing and promoting live, or pay-per-view and similar events, such as music concerts, gigs, nightclub performances and raves, sports events, and festivals.
Russell Eddie
Russell J. Eddie (born June 9, 1938) was an American politician in the state of Iowa.

Eddie was born in Wayne, Nebraska. He attended Buena Vista College and was a farmer. He served in the Iowa House of Representatives from 1987 to 2003, as a Republican.

Buena Vista University
Buena Vista University is a private university in Storm Lake, Iowa, United States. Founded in 1891 as Buena Vista College, it is affiliated with the Presbyterian Church. The university's 60-acre (240,000 m2) campus is situated on the shores of Storm Lake, a 3,200-acre (13 km2) natural lake.

Buena Vista University offers 42 undergraduate majors at its Storm Lake campus. Seventeen additional locations throughout Iowa and online serve working adult and graduate students.
Kaatrukkenna Veli
Kaatrukkenna Veli (transl. Why does the wind need a fence?) is a 2001 Indian Tamil-language war film directed by Pugazhendhi Thangaraj. The film stars Sujitha and Sriman, with Khushbu, C. Arun Pandian, Chandrasekhar, Sudhangan, Sakthi Kumar, Arulmani, Kalairani, Diana and Premi playing supporting roles. The film, produced by T. Vellaiyan, was released on 14 November 2001.

Khushbu Sundar
Khushbu Sundar (born Nakhat Khan;  29 September 1970) is an Indian politician, actress, film producer and television personality. She is known for her work predominantly in Tamil and Telugu language films in addition to Malayalam, Kannada and Hindi films.

She has appeared in over 200 films, with over 100 directly credited to Tamil cinema alone.

She has won three Tamil Nadu State Film Awards, two Cinema Express Awards, a Kalaimamani Award and a Kerala State Film Award.
Hollywood United Hitmen
Hollywood United Hitmen was an American soccer team based in Los Angeles. The team was founded in 2009 and played in the National Premier Soccer League (NPSL) and the USL Premier Development League (PDL).

The team played its home games in Cougar Stadium at Crenshaw High School, where they played since 2011. The team's colors are black, gold and white.

National Premier Soccer League
The National Premier Soccer League (NPSL) is an American men's soccer league. The league is officially affiliated to the United States Adult Soccer Association (USASA) and has automatic qualification for the U.S. Open Cup. It is the successor of the Men's Premier Soccer League, a regional league originally based in the Western United States, which has now expanded nationwide to encompass teams from 29 states. The league's motto is "A National League with a Regional Focus".
Misaeng: Incomplete Life
Misaeng: Incomplete Life (Korean: 미생 - 아직 살아 있지 못한 자; RR: Misaeng - ajik sara itji mothan ja) is a 2014 South Korean television series based on the eponymous webtoon series by Yoon Tae-ho. It aired on tvN from October 17 to December 20, 2014, on Fridays and Saturdays at 20:30 (KST) for 20 episodes.

The title translates to Go terminology meaning "an incomplete life" (literally "not yet" (미) "living/birth" (생), meaning "not yet alive"). Misaeng: Incomplete Life was the first Korean drama to film on location in Jordan, where actors Im Si-wan and Lee Sung-min shot the series's prologue in Amman, Petra, and Wadi Rum. Yim reprised his role as the protagonist, which he played in an earlier film adaptation, Incomplete Life: Prequel (2013).

The series became a cultural phenomenon and recorded high viewership ratings for a cable network program in Korea.

TvN (South Korean TV channel)
tvN (originally standing for Total Variety Network) is a South Korean nationwide pay television network owned by CJ ENM Entertainment Division. tvN programming consists of a variety of entertainment content focused on television series and variety shows. It is available on cable, on satellite through SkyLife, and on IPTV platforms in South Korea. Since 2014, the network has been headed by Kang Ho-sung. From June 28, 2010, to April 30, 2013, tvN Go was broadcast by renting a channel from Korea DMB.
Brian Schoenjahn
Brian H. Schoenjahn (born 1949) is a politician and a former Iowa State Senator from the 12th District. A Democrat, he has served in the Iowa Senate from 2005 until 2017.  He received his B.A. in Social Science and his M.A. in Political Science from the University of Northern Iowa.

Schoenjahn currently serves on several committees in the Iowa Senate - the Appropriations committee; the Judiciary committee; the Local Government committee; the Natural Resources committee; and the Education committee, where he is vice chair.  He also serves as chair of the Education Appropriations Subcommittee.  Prior political experience includes serving as mayor of Arlington, Iowa from 1977 to 2004.

Schoenjahn was re-elected in 2008 with 17,402 votes, defeating Republican opponent Rebecca Wearmouth.

University of Northern Iowa
The University of Northern Iowa (UNI) is a public university in Cedar Falls, Iowa, United States. UNI offers more than 90 majors across five colleges. The fall 2025 total enrollment was 9,204 students.

The university was initially founded in 1876 as the Iowa State Normal School with the purpose of training school teachers and educators. The University of Northern Iowa is one of three public universities in Iowa, all of which are governed by the Iowa Board of Regents.
Volcaniclastics
Volcaniclastics are geologic materials composed of broken fragments (clasts) of volcanic rock. These encompass all clastic volcanic materials, regardless of what process fragmented the rock, how it was subsequently transported, what environment it was deposited in, or whether nonvolcanic material is mingled with the volcanic clasts. The United States Geological Survey defines volcaniclastics somewhat more narrowly, to include only rock composed of volcanic rock fragments that have been transported some distance from their place of origin.

In the broad sense of the term, volcaniclastics includes pyroclastic rocks such as the Bandelier Tuff; cinder cones and other tephra deposits; the basal and capping breccia that characterize ʻaʻā lava flows; and lahars and debris flows of volcanic origin.

Volcaniclastics make up more of the volume of many volcanoes than do lava flows. Volcaniclastics may have contributed as much as a third of all sedimentation in the geologic record.

Cinder cone
A cinder cone or scoria cone is a steep, conical landform of loose pyroclastic fragments, such as volcanic ash, clinkers, or scoria that has been built around a volcanic vent. The pyroclastic fragments are formed by explosive eruptions or tall lava fountains from a single, typically cylindrical, vent.

As the gas-charged lava is blown violently into the air, it breaks into small fragments that solidify and fall as either scoria which is also referred to cinder and clinker around the vent to form a cone that is often symmetrical, with slopes between 30° and 40° and a nearly circular base. Most cinder cones have a bowl-shaped crater at the summit.
Walloon Merit
The Walloon Merit (French: mérite wallon) and the Spark of Wallonia (French: Étincelle de Wallonie) are a civilian honour for merits in the Belgian region of Wallonia. They are awarded by the Government of Wallonia to recognise individuals or organisations whose achievements bring exceptional distinction to the region. The Walloon Merit was established by decree on 31 March 2011, while the Spark of Wallonia was introduced on 12 July 2023 as a complementary distinction for young people or emerging talents aged 18 to 35.

The honours are presented annually in Namur, the capital of Wallonia, during Wallonia Day. They recognise persons whose talent, dedication, or merit contributes to the reputation and influence of Wallonia in fields directly or indirectly related to the region’s areas of competence. In exceptional circumstances, the distinctions may also be awarded outside the annual ceremony.

Order of Merit
The Order of Merit (French: Ordre du Mérite) is an order of merit for the Commonwealth realms, recognising distinguished service in the armed forces, science, art, literature, or the promotion of culture. Established in 1902 by Edward VII, admission into the order remains the personal gift of its Sovereign—currently Edward VII's great-great-grandson Charles III—and is restricted to a maximum of 24 living recipients from the Commonwealth realms, plus honorary members. While all members are awarded the right to use the post-nominal letters OM and wear the badge of the order, the Order of Merit's precedence among other honours differs between countries.
Pearman
Pearman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alvin Pearman (born 1982), American football running back

George Pearman, MP

Graeme Pearman (born 1941), Chief of CSIRO Atmospheric Research in Australia from 1992 to 2002

Hugh Pearman (architecture critic), the architecture critic of The Sunday Times and editor of The RIBA Journal

Hugh Pearman (cricketer) (born 1945), English cricketer

Joseph Pearman (1892–1961), American athlete who competed mainly in the 10 kilometre walk

Roger Pearman (born 1939), English rugby union and rugby league footballer who played in the 1960s, and coached rugby league in the 1960s

Roger Pearman (cricketer) (1943–2009), English cricketer and cricket administrator

Tom Pearman (born 1979), English cricketer

Raven-Symoné Christina Pearman (born 1985), American actress and singer

Hugh Pearman (cricketer)
Hugh Pearman (born 1 June 1945 in Edgbaston, Birmingham, England) is a former English cricketer.

Pearman studied at Churchill College, Cambridge, and represented Cambridge University in 1969 and Middlesex from 1969 to 1972 in twelve first-class and three List A matches as right-handed batsman and a slow left-arm orthodox bowler.  He scored one first-class half-century, in his last game in 1972, and took 16 wickets. He scored a first-class century, 133, opening the batting for Cambridge against Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) in July 1969, but the status of the match was changed to non-first-class a few weeks later.

His elder brother Roger also represented Middlesex.
Lashon Hakodesh
Lashon Hakodesh (Hebrew: לָשׁוֹן הַקֹּדֶשׁ; lit. "the tongue [of] holiness" or "the Holy Tongue"), also spelled L'shon Hakodesh or Leshon Hakodesh (Hebrew: לְשׁוֹן הַקֹּדֶשׁ), is a Jewish term and appellation attributed to the Hebrew language, or sometimes to a mix of Hebrew and Aramaic, in which its religious texts, prayers and were written, and served, during the Medieval Hebrew era, for sacred and religious purposes, liturgy and Halakha – in contrary to the secular tongue, which served for the routine daily needs, such as the Yiddish or Ladino languages.

Religious text
Religious texts, including scripture, are texts which various religions consider to be of central importance to their religious tradition. They often feature a compilation or discussion of beliefs, ritual practices, moral commandments and laws, ethical conduct, spiritual aspirations, and admonitions for fostering a religious community.

Within each religion, these texts are revered as authoritative sources of guidance, wisdom, and divine revelation. They are often regarded as sacred or holy, representing the core teachings and principles that their followers strive to uphold.
Edward Odell
Edward "Ted" Wilfred Odell, Jr. (15 March 1947, in Pleasantville, New York – 9 January 2013, in Houston, Texas) was an American mathematician, specializing in the theory of Banach spaces.

Odell received in 1969 in his B.S. degree from the State University of New York at Binghamton and in 1975 his Ph.D. degree from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology under William Buhmann Johnson. From 1975 to 1977 Odell was a Josiah Willard Gibbs Instructor at Yale University. He became in 1977 an assistant professor, in 1981 an associate professor, and in 1990 a full professor at the University of Texas at Austin. He was the author or coauthor of 84 articles.

In 1994 Odell was an Invited Speaker of the ICM in Zurich. In 2012 he was elected a Fellow of the American Mathematical Society.

Binghamton University
The State University of New York at Binghamton (also known as Binghamton University or SUNY Binghamton) is a public research university in Greater Binghamton, New York, United States. It is one of the four university centers in the State University of New York (SUNY) system.

Since its establishment in 1946, the school has evolved from a small liberal arts college to a large research university. It is classified among R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity. Binghamton's athletic teams are the Bearcats and they compete in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The Bearcats are members of the America East Conference.
Kevin Morgan (baseball)
Kevin Lee Morgan (born December 3, 1969) is an American former Major League Baseball player and current Minnesota Twins executive. In 1997, he had one at bat for the New York Mets, pitching hitting for Barry Manuel and popping out on the first pitch he saw in the Major Leagues; he finished the game by playing two innings in the field at third base.

He formerly served as the Mets' Director of Minor League Operations.

A native of Lafayette, Louisiana, Morgan attended Southeastern Louisiana University and in 1989 he played collegiate summer baseball with the Chatham A's of the Cape Cod Baseball League. He was selected by Detroit Tigers in the 30th round of the 1991 MLB draft. He was traded by the Tigers to the Mets in 1994, and appeared in a single major league game for the Mets in 1997.

Chatham Anglers
The Chatham Anglers, more commonly referred to as the Chatham A's and formerly the Chatham Athletics, are a collegiate summer baseball team based in Chatham, Massachusetts. The team is a member of the Cape Cod Baseball League (CCBL) and plays in the league's East Division. Chatham plays its home games at historic Veterans Field, the team's home since 1923, in the town of Chatham on the Lower Cape. The A's have been operated by the non-profit Chatham Athletic Association since 1963.

Chatham has won five CCBL championships, most recently in 1998, when they defeated the Wareham Gatemen in the championship series. Since the club's inception, over 100 players have gone on to play in Major League Baseball.
Allen H. Miner
Allen Harris Miner (October 18, 1917 – January 4, 2004) was an American director and screenwriter. He served as a photographer during World War II. Miner then directed and wrote for television programs including Perry Mason, Colgate Theatre, Mission: Impossible, The Twilight Zone, The Jane Wyman Show,   Route 66, The Lawless Years, Tales of Wells Fargo, Riverboat and Wagon Train. He died in January 2004 of natural causes in San Marcos, California, at the age of 86.

Riverboat (TV series)
Riverboat is an American Western television series starring Darren McGavin and Burt Reynolds, produced by Revue Studios, and broadcast on the NBC television network from 1959 to 1961. Reynolds was replaced by Noah Beery Jr. halfway through the series in the wake of conflicts with McGavin.
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 231
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 231 (P. Oxy. 231 or P. Oxy. II 231) is a fragment of the De Corona by Demosthenes, written in Greek. It was discovered in Oxyrhynchus. The manuscript was written on papyrus in the form of a roll. It is dated to the second or third century. Currently it is housed in the Cambridge University Library (Add. Ms. 4050) in Cambridge.

Oxyrhynchus
Oxyrhynchus (/ˌɒksɪˈrɪŋkəs/ OK-sih-RINK-əs; Ancient Greek: Ὀξύῤῥυγχος, romanized: Oxýrrhynkhos, lit. 'sharp-nosed', Koine Greek: [okˈsyr̥r̥yŋkʰos]; Ancient Egyptian: pr mꜥḏ; Coptic: ⲡⲉⲙϫⲉ or ⲡⲙ̅ϫⲏ, romanized: Pemdje), also known by its modern name Al-Bahnasa (Arabic: البهنسا, romanized: el-Bahnasa), is a city in Middle Egypt located about 160 km south-southwest of Cairo in Minya Governorate. It is also an important  archaeological site. Since the late 19th century, the area around Oxyrhynchus has been excavated almost continually, yielding an enormous collection of papyrus texts dating from the Ptolemaic Kingdom and Roman Egypt. They also include a few vellum manuscripts, and more recent Arabic manuscripts on paper (for example, the medieval P. Oxy. VI 1006).
Pochon Line
The Poch'ŏn Line, also known as Paektusan Rimch'ŏl Line (Mount Paektu Forestry Line), is a former partially electrified narrow gauge line of the Korean State Railway in Ryanggang Province, North Korea, running from Karim on the Samjiyŏn Line to Ryanggang Taep'yŏng.

Ryanggang Province
Ryanggang Province (Ryanggangdo; Korean: 량강도; MR: Ryanggang-do, Korean pronunciation: [ɾjaŋ.ɡaŋ.do]) is a province in North Korea. The province is bordered by China (Jilin) to the north, North Hamgyong to the east, South Hamgyong to the south, and Chagang to the west. Ryanggang was formed in 1954, when it was separated from South Hamgyŏng. The provincial capital is Hyesan. In South Korean usage, "Ryanggang" is spelled and pronounced "Yanggang" (양강도; Yanggang-do, [jaŋ.ɡaŋ.do]).
John Baird (RAF officer)
Air Marshal Sir John Alexander Baird, KBE, CStJ, DL, FRAeS, FRCPE (25 July 1937 – 12 November 2020) was a British physician and a retired Royal Air Force medical officer who served as Surgeon-General of the British Armed Forces from 1997 to 2000.

Baird was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE) in the 1999 Birthday Honours.  He was appointed Commander of the Order of St John (CStJ) in 1997

Honour Ribbons:

: Order of the British Empire (KBE)

: Venerable Order of St John. (CStJ)

1999 Birthday Honours
The 1999 Queen's Birthday Honours to celebrate the Queen's Official Birthday were announced on 7 June 1999 in New Zealand and Niue, and on 12 June 1999 in the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms.

The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged firstly by the country whose ministers advised the Queen on the appointments, then by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.
2022 Tennis in the Land – Doubles
Nicole Melichar-Martinez and Ellen Perez defeated Anna Danilina and Aleksandra Krunić in the final, 7–5, 6–3 to win the doubles tennis title at the 2022 Tennis in the Land.

Shuko Aoyama and Ena Shibahara were the reigning champions, but Shibahara competed in Granby instead. Aoyama partnered Chan Hao-ching, but lost in the semifinals to Melichar-Martinez and Perez.

Ena Shibahara
Ena Shibahara (柴原 瑛菜, Shibahara Ena; born 12 February 1998) is an American-born Japanese professional tennis player.
She reached her career-high rankings of world No. 4 in doubles on 21 March 2022 and No. 116 in singles on 14 July 2025. Shibahara has won eleven doubles titles on the WTA Tour, including two WTA 1000, the 2021 Miami Open and the 2023 National Bank Open.

Shibahara won her first major title at the 2022 French Open, alongside Wesley Koolhof in mixed doubles. Partnering with Shuko Aoyama, she reached the women's doubles finals at the 2023 Australian Open, in addition to the semifinals at the 2021 Wimbledon Championships, the 2022 Australian Open, and at the 2021 WTA Finals.

She made her Billie Jean King Cup debut for Japan in 2020, and also participated in the 2020 Olympic Games in Tokyo. Until July 2019, Shibahara represented her country of birth, the United States.
Automotive industry in Spain
In 2024, Spain produced 2.38 million motor vehicles which made it the 9th largest motor vehicle producing country in the world and the 2nd largest motor vehicle producer in Europe after Germany.

Spain hosts 9 multinational brands. In 2023, the Spanish automotive industry generated 10% of Spain’s gross domestic product and accounted for 18% of total Spanish exports.

The main manufacturers established in the country are Mercedes-Benz Group AG (manufacturing plant in Vitoria), Ford (its plant located in Almussafes is Ford's biggest in Europe), Stellantis (at Villaverde in Madrid, Figueruelas and Vigo), Renault (with plants in Palencia and Valladolid as well as a transmission plant in Seville), SEAT (Martorell), Volkswagen (Pamplona).

Vigo
Vigo (Galician: [ˈbiɣʊ], locally [ˈbiħʊ]) is a city and municipality in Spain, in the autonomous community of Galicia in the province of Pontevedra, and the capital of the comarca of Vigo. Located in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula, it sits on the southern shore of an inlet of the Atlantic Ocean, the Ria de Vigo, the southernmost of the Rías Baixas.

The municipality, with an area of 109.06 km2 (42.11 sq mi) and a population of 295,523 in 2024 including rural parishes, is the most populous municipality in Galicia, and the 14th-most-populous in Spain. The area of the municipality includes the Cíes Islands, part of the Atlantic Islands of Galicia National Park.

Vigo is one of the region's primary economic agents, owing to the French Stellantis Vigo plant and to its port. Close to the Portugal–Spain border, Vigo is part of the Galicia–North Portugal Euroregion. The European Fisheries Control Agency is headquartered in Vigo.
Bartolomé Gallardo
Bartolomé Diez Gallardo y Andrade (c. 1640 – 1699 in Concepción) was a criollo soldier from Chiloé. He is known for leading a 1674–1675 expedition to the fjords and channels of Patagonia, participating in the following year in the Antonio de Vea expedition to the same area and for serving as Governor of Chiloé from 1686 to 1688.

Fjords and channels of Chile
The southern coast of Chile presents a large number of fjords and fjord-like channels from the latitudes of Cape Horn (55° S) to Reloncaví Estuary (42° S). Some fjords and channels are important navigable channels providing access to ports like Punta Arenas, Puerto Chacabuco, and Puerto Natales.