hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Randall Carr
The Randall Carr brook is a river in Derbyshire, England. It starts at Combs and flows to Whaley Bridge where it ends in the river Goyt. Its headwaters were dammed to create Combs Reservoir which supplies the Peak Forest Canal.

Combs, Derbyshire
Combs is a small village in Derbyshire, England, in the civil parish of Chapel-en-le-Frith and the Peak District National Park.

The village is bounded to the east, west and south by gritstone edges and moorland, the highest of which is Black Edge (507 m (1,663 ft)). To the north the embankment of the Buxton to Stockport railway separates it from Combs Reservoir. To the east is Castle Naze, a prehistoric settlement site.

The village has a pub, the Beehive Inn, and infant school.

Combs resident Herbert Frood developed a vehicle brake pad and in 1897 founded the company Ferodo. The village was also home to journalists and authors Crichton Porteous and Peggy Bellhouse.

Old Brook House and its barn, close to the Beehive public house, is a listed building. Parts of it date from the 17th and 18th centuries, as does Marsh Hall closer to Chapel-en-le-frith.
Someone at a Distance
Someone at a Distance is a 1953 novel by the British writer Dorothy Whipple. A young French woman engaged as companion to an elderly lady ruthlessly sets out to seduce the son of her employer and take him away from his wife. It was the final novel of Whipple who had been a popular writer in the 1930s and 1940s. It was republished in 1999 by Persephone Books. A dramatization was broadcast on BBC Radio Four in 2022.

Persephone Books
Persephone Books is an independent publisher based in Bath, England. Founded in 1999 by Nicola Beauman, Persephone Books reprints works largely by women writers of the late 19th and 20th century, though a few books by men are included. The catalogue includes fiction (novels and short stories) and non-fiction (diaries, memoirs and cookery books). Most books have a grey dustjacket and endpaper using a contemporaneous design, with a matching bookmark.

The company sells books mostly through its website, but also maintains a shop in Bath.
Pine Mountain (Oregon)
Pine Mountain is a rhyolitic mountain east of Bend and south of U.S. Route 20 (US 20) in eastern Deschutes County, Oregon, United States. It is the site of an astronomical observatory called the Pine Mountain Observatory. The mountain is a part of the Deschutes Formation (which is related to Cascade volcanism) and is the southeasternmost exposure of the formation and is of similar age to Cline Buttes.  Pine Mountain is also well known for its spectacular "glass off" weather conditions which are ideal for paragliding.

Rhyolite
Rhyolite (/ˈraɪ.əlaɪt/ RY-ə-lyte) is the most silica-rich of volcanic rocks. It is generally glassy or fine-grained (aphanitic) in texture, but may be porphyritic, containing larger mineral crystals (phenocrysts) in an otherwise fine-grained groundmass. The mineral assemblage is predominantly quartz, sanidine, and plagioclase. It is the extrusive equivalent of granite.

Its high silica content makes rhyolitic magma extremely viscous. This favors explosive eruptions over effusive eruptions, so this type of magma is more often erupted as pyroclastic rock than as lava flows. Rhyolitic ash-flow tuffs are among the most voluminous of continental igneous rock formations.

Rhyolitic tuff has been used extensively for construction. Obsidian, which is rhyolitic volcanic glass, has been used for tools from prehistoric times to the present day because it can be shaped to an extremely sharp edge. Rhyolitic pumice finds use as an abrasive, in concrete, and as a soil amendment.
Olaf Skramstad
Olaf Olsen Skramstad (8 March 1894 – 12 November 1956) was a Norwegian politician for the Communist Party.

He was organized in a trade union and the Norwegian Labour Party in 1915. He later joined the Communist Party and was a member of the municipal council of Åmot Municipality from 1926 to 1933. He was the secretary in the Norwegian Union of Forestry and Land Workers from 1929 to 1931. In 1930 he was sentenced to 4 months of jail for participating in the Etna-Dokka labour conflict.

During the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany, he was imprisoned in October 1941. He was incarcerated in Hamar from 26 October to 4 November, then in Grini concentration camp until 3 April 1942, then in Sachsenhausen concentration camp. The communist inmates in the camp formed a caucus of sorts, and Sørum was among the leading members along with Kristian Mugaas, Johan Strand Johansen, Halvor Sørum, Olaf Bjerke and Erling Heiestad.

He died in November 1956 and was buried at Åmot Church.

German occupation of Norway
The occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany during the Second World War began on 9 April 1940 after Operation Weserübung. Conventional armed resistance to the German invasion ended on 10 June 1940, and Nazi Germany controlled Norway until the capitulation of German forces in Europe on 8 May 1945. Throughout this period, a pro-German government named Den nasjonale regjering ('the National Government') ruled Norway, while the Norwegian king Haakon VII and the prewar government escaped to London, where they formed a government in exile. Civil rule was effectively assumed by the Reichskommissariat Norwegen (Reich Commissariat of Norway), which acted in collaboration with the pro-German puppet government. This period of military occupation is, in Norway, referred to as the "war years", "occupation period" or simply "the war".
Freedom Square 1, Bydgoszcz
Tenement Freedom Square 1 is an historic house of Bydgoszcz. It is often displayed on postcards as one of the turn of the century iconic building in Bydgoszcz. The architect, Józef Święcicki, is also the builder of the "Pod Orłem" hotel (Under the Eagle), the oldest hotel in downtown Bydgoszcz. The building is located on the east side of Gdańska Street, on the corner of Plac Wolności.

Tower
A tower is a tall structure, taller than it is wide, often by a significant factor. Towers are distinguished from masts by their lack of guy-wires and are therefore, along with tall buildings, self-supporting structures.

Towers are specifically distinguished from buildings in that they are built not to be habitable but to serve other functions using the height of the tower. For example, the height of a clock tower improves the visibility of the clock, and the height of a tower in a fortified building such as a castle increases the visibility of the surroundings for defensive purposes. Towers may also be built for observation, leisure, or telecommunication purposes. A tower can stand alone or be supported by adjacent buildings, or it may be a feature on top of a larger structure or building.
2013–14 NCAA football bowl games
The 2013–14 NCAA football bowl games were a series of college football bowl games. They concluded the 2013 NCAA Division I FBS football season and included 35 team-competitive games and three all-star games (down from four as the Texas vs the Nation game was cancelled for this season). The games began on Saturday, December 21, 2013, and, aside from the all-star games, ended with the 2014 BCS National Championship at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena that was played on January 6, 2014.

The total of 35 team-competitive bowls was unchanged from the previous year. While bowl games had been the purview of only the very best teams for nearly a century, this was the eighth consecutive year that teams with non-winning seasons participated in bowl games. To fill the 70 available bowl slots, a total of eight teams (11% of all participants) with non-winning seasons participated in bowl games—all eight had a .500 (6–6) season.

Texas vs The Nation
Texas vs The Nation was an American college football all-star bowl game played from 2007 to 2013. Originally played at the Sun Bowl, the format of the game pitted 50 top-rated college seniors who played college or high school football in Texas against a squad of 50 top-rated seniors from the other 49 states. In its first year, 73% of players who participated in the game were signed by National Football League (NFL) teams. In 2011, the game moved from El Paso to San Antonio, and the National Football League Players Association (NFLPA) became the named sponsor of the game.  In 2012, the NFLPA began its own all-star game, the NFLPA Collegiate Bowl, and the Texas vs The Nation game was not held. The game was revived in 2013 at Eagle Stadium in Allen, but did not return in 2014.
Siege of Érsekújvár (1663)
The siege of Érsekújvár (siege of Uyvar) also known as the siege of Neuhäusel occurred in 1663 when Grand Vizier Fazil Ahmed Pasha leading the Ottomans invaded Habsburg Hungary and captured the Hungarian fortress at Érsekújvár (Hungarian: Érsekújvár, German: Neuhäus[e]l, Latin: Novum Castrum, Turkish: Uyvar, modern Nové Zámky in southern Slovakia).

Köprülüzade Fazıl Ahmed Pasha
Köprülüzade Fazıl Ahmed Pasha (Ottoman Turkish: كپرولى زاده فاضل احمد پاشا, Turkish: Köprülü Fazıl Ahmet Paşa; Albanian: Fazlli Ahmed Pashë Kypriljoti; 1635 – 3 November 1676) was an Ottoman-Albanian nobleman and statesman, who belonged to the renowned Köprülü family of Albanian origin, which produced six grand viziers of the Ottoman Empire.
Nugegoda Grama Niladhari Division
Nugegoda Grama Niladhari Division is a Grama Niladhari Division of the Sri Jayawardanapura Kotte Divisional Secretariat of Colombo District of Western Province, Sri Lanka. It has Grama Niladhari Division Code 519.

St. Joseph's Boys' College, Nugegoda, Yachting Association of Sri Lanka, Samudradevi Balika Vidyalaya and Jubilee Post, Nugegoda are located within, nearby or associated with Nugegoda.

Nugegoda is a surrounded by the Dutugemunu, Kohuwala, Gangodavila North, Pagoda East, Nugegoda West and Pagoda Grama Niladhari Divisions.

Samudradevi Balika Vidyalaya
Samudradevi Balika Vidyalaya (Sinhala: සමුද්‍රදේවී බාලිකා විද්‍යාලය) is a public girls' school located in Nugegoda, Sri Lanka. It was founded on 5 May 1915 and is considered as the oldest girls' school in Nugegoda.
Jean-Baptiste Hugues
Jean-Baptiste Hugues (15 April 1849, in Marseille – 28 October 1930, in Paris) was a French sculptor.

He won the Grand Prix de Rome for sculpture in 1875. He was resident at the Villa Medicis from 1876 to 1879. When he was alive, he gained some fame : his works were exhibited at the Salons and were always commented on by critics and writers at the time. He produced several sculptures including La Fontaine des Danaïdes in Marseille or La Gravure  at the National Library, pediments, bas-reliefs on monuments, busts, fountains and ceilings of Parisian restaurants.

French art salons and academies
From the seventeenth century to the early part of the twentieth century, artistic production in France was controlled by artistic academies which organized official exhibitions called salons. In France, academies are  institutions and learned societies which monitor, foster, critique and protect French cultural production.

Academies were more institutional and more concerned with criticism and analysis than those literary gatherings today called salons which were more focused on pleasurable discourse in society, although certain gatherings around such figures as Marguerite de Valois were close to the academic spirit.
Fungal fucose-specific lectin
In molecular biology, the fungal fucose-specific lectin family is a family of lectins. Lectins are proteins which are involved in many recognition events at the molecular or cellular level. These fungal lectins, such as Aleuria aurantia lectin AAL, specifically recognise fucosylated glycans. AAL is a dimeric protein, with each monomer being organised into a six-bladed beta-propeller fold and a small antiparallel two-stranded beta-sheet. The beta-propeller fold is important in fucose recognition; five binding pockets are found between the propeller blades. The small beta-sheet, on the other hand, is involved in the dimerisation process.

Beta sheet
The beta sheet (β-sheet, also β-pleated sheet) is a common motif of the regular protein secondary structure. Beta sheets consist of beta strands (β-strands) connected laterally by at least two or three backbone hydrogen bonds, forming a generally twisted, pleated sheet. A β-strand is a stretch of polypeptide chain typically 3 to 10 amino acids long with backbone in an extended conformation. The supramolecular association of β-sheets has been implicated in the formation of the fibrils and protein aggregates observed in amyloidosis,  Alzheimer's disease and other proteinopathies.
Fudge
Fudge is a confection made by mixing sugar, butter, and milk. Modern fudge has its origins in the 19th century United States, and became popular in American women's colleges late in the century. Fudge can come in a variety of flavorings depending on the region or country it was made; popular flavors include fruit, nut, chocolate, and caramel. Fudge is often bought as a gift from a gift shop in tourist areas and attractions.

Fondant
Fondant is a mixture of sugar and water used as a confection, filling, or icing. Sometimes gelatin and glycerine are used as softeners or stabilizers.

There are numerous varieties of fondant, with the most basic being  poured fondant. Others include fondant icing, chocolate fondant, and honey fondant.
John Lind
John Lind is the name of:

John Lind (barrister) (1737–1781), English lawyer and political writer

John Lind (politician) (1854–1930), US politician

John Lind (female impersonator) (1877–1940), female impersonator

John Lind (female impersonator)
John Lind (1877–1940), born with the surname Lindström, was a Swedish female impersonator, singer and dancer. Although mostly forgotten today, he toured the world in the early 20th century and was one of Sweden's most internationally famed artists.
Gosannen Station
Gosannen Station (後三年駅, Gosannen-eki) is a railway station in the town of Misato, Akita Prefecture, Japan, operated by JR East. The station name origins from the historic battlefield of Gosannen War in the area. The station includes a parking lot fitting 100 vehicles, a restaurant, and a wholesaler.

Akita Prefecture
Akita Prefecture (秋田県, Akita-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [aꜜ.kʲi̥.ta, a.kʲi̥.taꜜ.keɴ]) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Tōhoku region of Honshu. Its population is estimated 915,691 as of 1 August 2023 and its geographic area is 11,637 km2 (4,493 sq mi). Akita Prefecture is bordered by Aomori Prefecture to the north, Iwate Prefecture to the east, Miyagi Prefecture to the southeast, and Yamagata Prefecture to the south.

Akita is the capital and largest city of Akita Prefecture.  Other major cities include Yokote, Daisen, and Yurihonjō. Akita Prefecture is located on the coast of the Sea of Japan and extends east to the Ōu Mountains, the longest mountain range in Japan, at the border with Iwate Prefecture. Akita Prefecture formed the northern half of the historic Dewa Province with Yamagata Prefecture.
Bartley Green School
Bartley Green School is an academy with Technology and Sports College status for pupils aged 11–16 in the Bartley Green area of Birmingham, England.

The school has approximately 900 pupils. The school comprises largely White British ethnic origin, with a small number of Black, Asian and mixed heritage backgrounds. The school has a higher-than-average proportion of students with special educations needs because the school has a unit for 55 students with speech and language difficulties, including autism spectrum disorders. The numeracy and literacy skills of pupils upon entry into the school in year 7 are below average.

The school has gained a range of awards, including Artsmark Silver, Sports and Information and Communication Technology (ICT) marks, Investor in People and Healthy Schools accreditation.

Sports College (United Kingdom specialist schools programme)
Sports Colleges were introduced in 1997 as part of the Specialist Schools Programme in the United Kingdom. The programme enabled secondary schools to specialise in certain fields, in this case, PE, sports and dance. Schools that successfully applied to the Specialist Schools Trust and became Sports Colleges received extra funding from this joint private sector and government scheme. Sports Colleges act as a local point of reference for other schools and businesses in the area, with an emphasis on promoting sports within the community.

The Specialist Schools Programme ended in 2011 after the change of government. Despite this, schools can still become Sports Colleges through the Dedicated Schools Grant or academisation.
Marian Banaś
Marian Banaś (born 13 July 1955 in Piekielnik) is a Polish politician and civil servant. He served twice as Chief Executive of the Customs Service from 2005 to 2008 and 2015 to 2017. He briefly served in politics as the Minister of Finance for the First Cabinet of Mateusz Morawiecki from 4 June to 30 August 2019. From 2019-2025 He served as the President of the Supreme Audit Office, one of the oldest state institutions in Poland.

Supreme Audit Office (Poland)
The Supreme Audit Office (Polish: Najwyższa Izba Kontroli, abbreviated NIK) is the supreme audit institution and also one of the oldest state institutions in Poland, created under the Second Republic on February 7, 1919, barely 3 months after the restoration of Poland's independence.
Animal Planet (Italy)
Animal Planet was an Italian television channel broadcasting programmes about animals. All content is adapted for an Italian audience. The channel closed down on January 31, 2019.

The channel launched on May 1, 2005, exclusively available on Sky Italia. It was the fifth channel launched by Discovery Networks in Italy after Discovery Channel, Discovery Science, Discovery Civilisation and Discovery Travel & Adventure.

In October 2008, the channel adopted a new logo and a new look, previously adopted by the channel's American counterpart.

Animal Planet closed in Italy on 1 February 2019.

In April 2019, its content became available on Dplay and adopted the US version.

Dplay
Dplay (stylized as dplay) was a brand name of online video on demand services operated by Discovery, Inc. Discovery operated such services under the Dplay name in Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden) and Spain. In October 2020, Discovery announced that it would rebrand its Dplay service as Discovery+ (stylized as discovery+) in the United Kingdom and Ireland, the new service commenced in November 2020 and also offers paid content as well as the free content from Dplay.
In December 2020, Discovery announced that a separate version of Discovery+ would also be launching in other European countries and the United States in January 2021. On January 5, 2021, Dplay was replaced by Discovery+ in Europe.
Balss Maskā
Balss Maskā (Voice in a Mask) is a Latvian reality singing competition television series based on the Masked Singer franchise, which originated from the South Korean version of the show King of Mask Singer. The show was announced in August 2020, the same month shooting for the first season began. The program premiered on TV3 Latvia on 13 September 2020.

TV3 (Latvian TV channel)
TV3 Latvia (Latvian: TV3 Latvija) is a Latvian commercial television channel targeted at a Latvian language audience owned by All Media Baltics, a company owned by investment firm Providence Equity Partners.
Aliabad-e Dovvom
Aliabad-e Dovvom (Persian: علي اباددوم, also Romanized as ‘Alīābād-e Dovvom; also known as ‘Alīābād-e Soflá) is a village in Gowdin Rural District, in the Central District of Kangavar County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 119, in 27 families.

The population of Aliabad is predominantly of Shi'a Kurdish origin. Aliabad's society is non-tribal.

Kurds in Iran
Kurds in Iran (Kurdish: کورد لە ئێران, romanized: Kurdên Îranê, Persian: کردها در ایران) constitute a large minority in the country with a population of around 9 and 10 million people. Most Iranian Kurds are bilingual in Kurdish and Persian.
Landscape with Wheelbarrow
Landscape with Wheelbarrow is a watercolor on cream wove paper painting by the Dutch Post-Impressionist painter Vincent van Gogh. In 1883, Van Gogh painted a vast piece of land in emerald and chartreuse-like colors accompanied by a lonesome wheelbarrow in the middle ground along with red roofed cottages on the horizon line. The painting is accented with graphite. It is now in the Cleveland Museum of Art, Ohio.

Wove paper
Wove paper is a type of paper first created centuries ago in East Asia, and subsequently introduced to England, Europe and the American colonies in the mid-eighteenth century. Hand-made wove paper was first produced by using a wooden mould that contained a finely-woven brass vellum (wire cloth), upon which the paper pulp was applied and dried, creating a smooth, uniform surface.
British expedition to Abyssinia
The British expedition to Abyssinia was a rescue mission and punitive expedition carried out in 1868 by the armed forces of the British Empire against the Ethiopian Empire (also known at the time as Abyssinia). Emperor Tewodros II of Ethiopia, then often referred to by the anglicized name Theodore, imprisoned several missionaries and two representatives of the British government in an attempt to force the British government to comply with his requests for military assistance. The punitive expedition launched by the British in response required the transportation of a sizeable military force hundreds of kilometres across mountainous terrain lacking any road system. The formidable obstacles to the action were overcome by the commander of the expedition, General Robert Napier, who captured the Ethiopian capital, and rescued all the hostages.

Historian Harold G. Marcus described the action as "one of the most expensive affairs of honour in history."

Anglicisation of names
The anglicisation of personal names is the change of non-English-language personal names to spellings nearer English sounds, or substitution of equivalent or similar English personal names in the place of non-English personal names.
Salar de Aguas Calientes IV
Salar de Aguas Calientes IV is a salt pan in Chile. It is adjacent to the Llullaillaco National Park and is within the Central Andean dry puna ecoregion. Its drainage basin area is 536 km2 (207 sq mi).

The site is significant as a staging area for sandpiper species  and other long-distance migratory birds. Three species of flamingos (Chilean flamingo, Andean flamingo and James's flamingo) can be found here.

Chilean flamingo
The Chilean flamingo (Phoenicopterus chilensis) is a species of large flamingo at a height of 110–130 cm (43–51 in) closely related to the American flamingo and the greater flamingo, with which it was previously considered a subspecies before being classified as its own species as a result of their lighter color, smaller size and behavioral differences. The species is listed as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List.

The species breeds in South America from Ecuador and Peru to Chile and Argentina and east to Brazil; it has been introduced into Germany. Like all flamingos, it lays a single chalky-white egg on a mud mound.

These flamingos are mainly restricted to salt lagoons and soda lakes that are vulnerable to habitat loss and water pollution, especially from mining and irrigation which can cause rapid habitat degradation.