hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rava-Ruska
Rava-Ruska (Ukrainian: Рава-Руська, IPA: [ˈrɑwɐ ˈrusʲkɐ] ⓘ; Polish: Rawa Ruska; Yiddish: ראווע, romanized: Rave) is a city in Lviv Raion, Lviv Oblast, western Ukraine. It is a border town between Ukraine and Poland. The border checkpoint is situated 8 km (5 mi) west of the city, along the international autoroute Warsaw–Lviv. Rava-Ruska hosts the administration of Rava-Ruska urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Its population is approximately 8,494 (2022 estimate).

Border town
A border town is a town or city close to the boundary between two countries, states, or regions. Usually the term implies that the nearness to the border is one of the things the place is most famous for. With close proximities to a different country, diverse cultural traditions can have certain influence to the place. Border towns can have highly cosmopolitan communities, a feature they share with port cities, as traveling and trading often go through the town. They can also be flashpoints for international conflicts, especially when the two countries have territorial disputes.
Endre Nemes
Endre Nemes (November 10, 1909 – September 22, 1985; born with the family name Nágel)  was a Hungarian-Slovako-Czecho-Swedish Surrealist artist who had a background in Lyrical Abstraction. While his early exhibitions included tailors' dummies and écorchés, he was notable in Sweden for his use of enamels in public art.

Écorché
An écorché (French pronunciation: [ekɔʁʃe] ⓘ) is a figure drawn, painted, or sculpted showing the muscles of the body without skin, normally as a figure study for another work or as an exercise for a student artist. The architect and  Renaissance man Leon Battista Alberti recommended that when painters intend to depict a nude, they should first arrange the muscles and bones, then depict the overlying skin.

Some of the first well known studies of this kind were performed by Leonardo da Vinci, who dissected cadavers and created detailed drawings of them. However, there are some accounts of this same practice taking place as far back as ancient Greece, though the specifics are not known.
23131 Debenedictis
23131 Debenedictis (provisional designation 2000 AS128) is a bright background asteroid from the inner region of the asteroid belt, approximately 4 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 5 January 2000, by astronomers of the LINEAR program at the Lincoln Laboratory's Experimental Test Site near Socorro, New Mexico, United States. The asteroid was named for 2007-ISEF awardee Erika Alden DeBenedictis.

Provisional designation in astronomy
Provisional designation is the naming convention applied to astronomical objects immediately following their discovery. The provisional designation is usually superseded by a permanent designation once a reliable orbit has been calculated. As of 2019, approximately 47% of the more than 1,100,000 known minor planets remain provisionally designated, as hundreds of thousands have been discovered in the last two decades. The modern system is overseen by the Minor Planet Center of the International Astronomical Union.
Cinevilla
Cinevilla is a backlot in Slampe parish in the Tukums Municipality in Latvia, and was created for the outdoor shootings of the feature film Defenders of Riga. It is the only backlot in Latvia, and consists of different sections, including a section with village architecture, a section with prehistorical dwellings, and one with city streets, with replicas of historical buildings and constructions of Riga, the capital of Latvia. The backlot has a small canal to resemble the Daugava river quays of the Riga old town. The Stone Bridge is also there as well as the historical Lübeck and Pontoon bridges.

Cinevilla is now a major tourist attraction, and is the only such large-scale open-air cinema exhibition in the Baltic States. In 2008, Jānis Streičs shot the film Rudolf's Gold on the lot, simulating a Kurzeme farmstead.

Tukums Municipality
Tukums Municipality (Latvian: Tukuma novads) is a Latvian municipality situated partly in the region of Semigallia, partly in Courland and partly in Vidzeme. The municipality was formed in 2009 by merging Degole Parish, Džūkste Parish, Irlava Parish, Jaunsāti Parish, Lestene Parish, Pūre Parish, Sēme Parish, Slampe Parish, Tume Parish, Zentene Parish and Tukums town; the administrative centre being Tukums. The population in 2020 was 27,613.

On 1 July 2021, Tukums Municipality was enlarged when Engure Municipality, Jaunpils Municipality and Kandava Municipality were merged into it.
Directorate-General for Human Resources and Security
The Directorate-General for Human Resources and Security (DG HR) is a Directorate-General of the European Commission.

The essential mission of the Directorate-General is to ensure the European Commission runs smoothly by laying down its policies on human resources and security.

Human resources
Human resources (HR) is the set of people who make up the workforce of an organization, business sector, industry, or economy. A narrower concept is human capital, the knowledge and skills which the individuals command.
Sofia Fölster
Sofia Catharina Margarita Fölster (born 17 December 1991) is a Swedish politician for the Moderate Party, and member of the Riksdag from 2014 to 2018. She was the first vice president of the Moderate Party youth group (MUF) from 2016 to 2018. Her father is author Stefan Fölster.

Stefan Fölster
Stefan Fölster (born 23 June 1959) is a Swedish economist and author. He is the president of the Swedish Reform Institute and an associate professor at the KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm.

Fölster is the author and co-author of several books on economic reform, including Robotrevolutionen, which looks at the winners and losers in the digital age, and Renaissance of Reforms, that was based on an analysis of 109 governments that completed their term of power in OECD countries between the mid-1990s and 2012. With Dag Detter, Fölster wrote The Public Wealth of Nations: How Management of Public Assets Can Boost or Bust Economic Growth (Palgrave, 2015), included in The Economist — Books of the Year 2015 and the Financial Times, FT's Best Books of the Year 2015.
Robert Weinberg (biologist)
Robert Allan Weinberg (born November 11, 1942) is an American biologist, Daniel K. Ludwig Professor for Cancer Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), director of the Ludwig Center of the MIT, and American Cancer Society Research Professor. His research is in the area of oncogenes and the genetic basis of human cancer.

Robert Weinberg is also affiliated with the Broad Institute and is a founding member of the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research. Weinberg and Eric Lander, a colleague at M.I.T., are co-founders of Verastem, a biopharmaceutical company focused on discovering and developing drugs to treat cancer by targeting cancer stem cells.

Daniel K. Ludwig
Daniel Keith Ludwig (June 24, 1897 – August 27, 1992) was an American shipping businessman, who was also involved in many other industries. He pioneered the construction of super tankers in Japan, founded Exportadora de Sal, SA in Mexico and developed it as the largest salt company in the world, built a model community in association with the Jari project, which he pioneered, on the Amazon River in Brazil to produce pulp paper, and had numerous hotels around the world.

Though he was one of the wealthiest tycoons of his day, with operations spanning 23 countries, Ludwig remained completely obscure due to his reclusive lifestyle. He "avoided the press like the plague", keeping a low profile throughout his business career. He only gave one interview during his lifetime, which he granted to Dero A. Saunders of Fortune Magazine in 1957. Ludwig was #1 on the first Forbes 400 list in 1982.
Yunchan Lim
Yunchan Lim (Korean: 임윤찬; born March 20, 2004) is a South Korean pianist. In 2022, he gained widespread recognition when he became the youngest person ever to win the Van Cliburn International Piano Competition at 18 years old. In 2023, he signed an exclusive contract with Decca. His first album on the label, Chopin: Études, won the Piano Award at the 2024 Gramophone Classical Music Awards.

Isang Yun Competition
The ISANGYUN Competition is an international music competition, held annually in Tongyeong, South Korea. It commemorates Isang Yun (1917–1995), a Korean composer who was born in Tongyeong and later settled in Germany. The competition was established in 2003 as the Gyeongnam International Music Competition, and renamed to ISANGYUN Competition in 2008. It consists of a three-year "cycle", where each year, or "edition", consists of a different instrument in the rotation: cello, piano, and violin.
Élan DP04
The Élan DP04 is a small sports prototype race car, designed, developed, and produced by American manufacturer Élan Motorsport, in collaboration and partnership with Van Diemen, for the IMSA Prototype Challenge, between 2006 and 2012.

IMSA Prototype Challenge
IMSA Prototype Challenge (formerly IMSA Prototype Lites) was a racing series featuring two classes of single-seat prototype cars racing simultaneously. The series was sanctioned by the International Motor Sports Association (IMSA). Most races were held in support of the WeatherTech SportsCar Championship. The series raced LMP3 class prototype sportscars. The cars have grown in size and speed since its 2006 introduction, starting from four-cylinder and motorcycle powered race cars to large V8 powered cars. Each race was 1 hour and 45 minutes long apart from the season opening 3 hour race at Daytona International Speedway.

The series' final season was in 2022. For 2023, the series was replaced with the IMSA VP Racing SportsCar Challenge.
Ligia oceanica
Ligia oceanica, the sea slater, common sea slater, or sea roach, is a species of isopod in the family Ligiidae. This isopod lives in the littoral zone and is abundant on the rocky shores of the North Sea, the western Baltic Sea, and the Atlantic coasts of Europe. This isopod is the largest species in the suborder Oniscidea, reaching 35 mm in length. Phylogenetic analysis based on molecular data, however, casts doubt on the placement of this species in that suborder, suggesting that the genus Ligia is more closely related to the marine isopods in the suborders Valvifera and Sphaeromatidea than to the terrestrial woodlice in the suborder Oniscidea.

Peracarida
The superorder Peracarida is a large group of malacostracan crustaceans, having members in marine, freshwater, and terrestrial habitats. They are chiefly defined by the presence of a marsupium (the "brood pouch"), formed from thin flattened plates (oostegites) borne on the basalmost segments of the legs.

Peracarida is one of the largest crustacean taxa and includes about 12,000 species. Most members are less than 2 cm (0.8 in) in length, but the largest can be quite sizeable, such as the giant isopod Bathynomus giganteus which can reach 76 cm (30 in) in length, and the giant amphipod Alicella gigantea (34 cm (13 in) long). The earliest known peracaridian was Oxyuropoda ligioides, a fossil taxon dated to the Late Devonian of Ireland (more than 360 mya).
Zone 84, Qatar
Zone 84 is a zone in the municipality of Al-Shahaniya in the state of Qatar. The main district recorded in the 2015 population census was Umm Bab.

Other districts which fall within its administrative boundaries are Al Hamla, Al Shabhana, Jelaiha, and Qaryat Al Muhanna.

Municipalities of Qatar
Since 2015, Qatar has been divided into eight municipalities. In 2004, a new municipality, Al Daayen, was created under Resolution No. 13, formed from parts of Umm Salal and Al Khawr; at the same time, Al Ghuwariyah was merged with Al Khawr; Al Jumaliyah was merged with Ar Rayyan; Jarayan al Batnah was split between Al Rayyan and Al Wakrah; and Mesaieed was merged with Al Wakrah. In 2014, the western city of Al-Shahaniya split off from Al Rayyan Municipality to form its own municipality.

For statistical purposes, the municipalities are further subdivided into 98 zones (as of 2015), which are in turn subdivided into districts and blocks, the latter being the lowest subdivision.
Lake Charles Championship
The Lake Charles Championship was a golf tournament on the Korn Ferry Tour. It was first played in March 2022 at The Country Club at the Golden Nugget in Lake Charles, Louisiana; it had been scheduled to be played in 2020, but was canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Lake Charles, Louisiana
Lake Charles is the fifth-most populous city in the U.S. state of Louisiana, and the parish seat of Calcasieu Parish, located on the namesake lake, Prien Lake, and the Calcasieu River. Founded in 1861 in Calcasieu Parish, it is a major industrial, cultural, and educational center in the southwest region of Louisiana. As of the 2020 U.S. census, Lake Charles's population was 84,872.

The city and metropolitan area of Lake Charles is considered a significant center of petrochemical refining, gambling, tourism, and education, being home to McNeese State University and Sowela Technical Community College. Because of the lakes and waterways throughout the city, metropolitan Lake Charles is often called the "Lake Area".
Trinity Academy (Portland, Oregon)
Trinity Academy is a private classical Christian middle and high school located in north central Portland, Oregon The school was founded by Roman Catholic and Protestant Christians, though non-Christian students are welcome. Trinity Schools licenses the Trinity School Curriculum to Trinity Academy.

Christian school
A Christian school is a religious school run on Christian principles or by a Christian organization. These schools often include religious education and worship in their curriculum. They may also have a distinct Christian mission or philosophy.

The nature of Christian schools varies enormously from country to country, according to the religious, educational, and political cultures. In some countries, there is a strict separation of church and state, so all religious schools are private; in others, there is an established church whose teachings form an integral part of the state-operated educational system; in yet others, the state subsidizes religious schools of various denominations.
Jac Jones
Jac Jones (born 1 March 1943) is a Welsh children's book illustrator.

He was born in Gwalchmai, Anglesey, Wales, and raised in Bristol, England, until the age of 7, before returning to Gwalchmai. He was educated at Ysgol Gynradd Gwalchmai and Ysgol Uwchradd Llangefni.

Jones has illustrated children's books since the mid-1970s. He has won the Tir na n-Og Award for several books, including the 2009 Award for A Nod from Nelson by Simon Weston. In 2000, he wrote and illustrated a book in both Welsh and English – Betsan a’r Bwlis / Alison and the Bully Monsters. His illustration work includes Welsh works of note such as Penillion y Plant, Trysorfa by T. Llew Jones and many of Mary Vaughan Jones' titles and famous characters including Jac y Jwc.

Jones won the Mary Vaughan Jones Award in 2012.

Gwalchmai, Anglesey
Gwalchmai (Welsh pronunciationⓘ) is a village on Anglesey in north Wales, within the Trewalchmai community.

The community's population in the 2011 census was 1009. The village is considered to be named after the 12th-century court poet Gwalchmai ap Meilyr, whose own name may be derived from that of the Welsh hero known as Gwalchmei ap Gwyar, who became the Gawain of later Arthurian legend.
Welfare trap
The welfare trap (aka the welfare cliff, unemployment trap, or poverty trap in British English) theory asserts that taxation and welfare systems can jointly contribute to keep people on social insurance because the withdrawal of means-tested benefits that comes with entering low-paid work causes there to be no significant increase in total income. According to this hypothesis, an individual sees that the opportunity cost of getting a better paying job is too great for too little a financial return, and this can create a perverse incentive to not pursue a better paying job.

Social insurance
Social insurance is a form of social welfare that provides insurance against economic risks. The insurance may be provided publicly or through the subsidizing of private insurance. In contrast to other forms of social assistance, individuals' claims are partly dependent on their contributions, which can be considered insurance premiums to create a common fund out of which the individuals are then paid benefits in the future.

Types of social insurance include:

Public health insurance

Social Security

Public Unemployment Insurance

Public auto insurance

Universal parental leave
Tetragona
Tetragona is a genus of bees belonging to the family Apidae.

The species of this genus are found in South America.

Species:

Tetragona beebei (Schwarz, 1938)

Tetragona clavipes (Fabricius, 1804)

Tetragona dissecta Moure, 2000

Tetragona dorsalis (Smith, 1854)

Tetragona essequiboensis (Schwarz, 1940)

Tetragona goettei (Friese, 1900)

Tetragona handlirschii (Friese, 1900)

Tetragona kaieteurensis (Schwarz, 1938)

Tetragona mayarum (Cockerell, 1912)

Tetragona perangulata (Cockerell, 1917)

Tetragona quadrangula (Lepeletier, 1836)

Tetragona truncata Moure, 1971

Tetragona ziegleri (Friese, 1900)

Apidae
Apidae is the largest family within the superfamily Apoidea, containing at least 5700 species of bees. The family includes some of the most commonly seen bees, including bumblebees and honey bees, but also includes stingless bees (also used for honey production), carpenter bees, orchid bees, cuckoo bees, and a number of other less widely known groups. Many are valuable pollinators in natural habitats and for agricultural crops.
Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery
The Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery is a peer-reviewed open access medical journal published by  Medknow Publications on behalf of the Association of Plastic Surgeons of India. It covers research on all aspects of aesthetic plastic surgery.

Medknow Publications
Medknow Publications also known as Wolters Kluwer Medknow or simply Medknow, is a publisher of academic journals on behalf of learned societies and associations. Previously an independent Indian publisher, Medknow is now part of Wolters Kluwer's Health Division, under Wolters Kluwer India.

Medknow is not a member of the Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association. Some, but not all of its journals are listed in the Directory of Open Access Journals. The publisher briefly appeared on Beall's list in 2011, but was taken down, being described as "[a] publisher for many well-respected Indian professional societies and is disseminating abundant, high-quality research."
Palaeophasianus
Palaeophasianus is an extinct genus of flightless Geranoididae birds that lived in North America during the Eocene period. Robert Wilson Shufeldt classified Palaeophasianus as a galliform when he described it in 1913. However it was transferred to Cracidae in 1964 by Pierce Brodkorb, while Joel Cracraft in 1968 placed it in Gruiformes.

The only species in this genus is P. meleagroides, and it is described as a "ground-dwelling carnivore". The fossil remains were found by the American Museum expedition of 1910 in Big Horn County, Wyoming, in the Willwood formation (early Eocene).

Joel Cracraft
Joel Lester Cracraft (born July 31, 1942), is an American paleontologist and ornithologist. He received a PhD in 1969 from Columbia University (Functional Morphology of Locomotion in Birds).

His research interests include: theory and methods of comparative biology, evolutionary theory, biological diversification, systematics, the evolution of morphological systems, historical biogeography, molecular systematics and evolution.

From 1970 he has been a research associate at the Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago; from 1970 to 1992, full professor at the University of Illinois at Chicago; from 1993 to 1994, acting director of the Center for Biodiversity and Conservation at the American Museum of Natural History; from 1992, adjunct professor at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York; from 1997 adjunct professor at Columbia University; from 1992 curator at American Museum of Natural History; and from 2002 Lamont Curator of Birds at American Museum of Natural History.
Latourette
Latourette is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Earl C. Latourette (1889–1956), American judge, Chief Justice of the Oregon Supreme Court

Kenneth Scott Latourette (1884–1968), American historian of East Asia and Christianity

Steve LaTourette (1954–2016), American politician

Sarah LaTourette (born 1984), American politician

Kenneth Scott Latourette
Kenneth Scott Latourette (August 6, 1884 – December 26, 1968) was an American Baptist minister and historian, specialized in Chinese studies, Japanese studies, and the history of Christianity. His formative experiences as a Christian missionary and educator in early 20th-century Imperial China shaped his life's work. Although he did not learn the Chinese language, he became known for his study of the history of China, the history of Japan, his magisterial scholarly surveys on world Christianity, and of American relations with East Asia.
Avon Futures of Atlanta
The Avon Futures of Atlanta was a USTA/Women's Tennis Association affiliated tournament founded in 1977 as the Futures of Atlanta. The event was part of the Pro Futures Circuit then later Avon Futures Circuit. The tournament was held for two more editions in 1979 and 1980 then was discontinued.

United States Tennis Association
The United States Tennis Association (USTA) is the national governing body for tennis in the United States. A not-for-profit organization with more than 700,000 members, it invests 100% of its proceeds to promote and develop the growth of tennis, from the grass-roots to the professional levels. The association was created to standardize rules and regulations and to promote and develop the growth of tennis in the United States.

The USTA runs the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center which hosts the US Open every year.

The USTA has leagues in most places for adults skill levels between beginner and pro. The USTA also hosts tournaments across the country every weekend for club players or professionals.
INS Vindhyagiri (2023)
INS Vindhyagiri is a Nilgiri-class (Project-17 Alpha) frigate of the Indian Navy. It was built at Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers (GRSE) in Kolkata and was formally launched by the President of India Droupadi Murmu on 17 August 2023.

Named after the Vindhyagiri Hill in Karnataka, Vindhyagiri is the sixth ship of the P-17A frigates, which are the advanced version of Shivalik-class frigates with enhanced stealth features, upgraded weapons and sensors and better platform management system on-board. Seen as demonstration of Atmanirbhar Bharat in defence sector, this indigenously evolved stealth guided-missile frigate equipped with state-of-the-art technology is successor of the erstwhile INS Vindhyagiri (F42), the Leander-class ASW frigate.

Shivalik-class frigate
The Shivalik class or Project 17 class is a class of multi-role frigates in service with the Indian Navy. They are the first warships designed with low observability features built in India. They were designed to have better stealth features and land-attack capabilities than the preceding Talwar-class frigates. A total of three ships were built between 2000 and 2010, and all three were in commission by 2012.

The Shivalik class, along with the seven Project 17A frigates currently being developed from them, are projected be the principal frigates of the Indian Navy in the first half of the 21st century. The class and the lead vessel have been named for the Shivalik hills. Subsequent vessels in the class are also named for hill ranges in India.