hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
M. de Dunblan
M. de Dunblan is the way the first known Bishop of Dunblane is written in a copy of a papal bull of Pope Adrian IV preserved in England; the bull dates to 1155.

The papal bull was addressed to the bishops of Scotland ordering them to submit to the metropolitan authority of the Archbishop of York; the copyist made two other mistakes in the initials of bishops, so it is not totally reliable.

Cockburn speculated that M. might stand for Máel Ísu; it is very unlikely that M. was a mistake for La., standing for Laurence the successor of M. at Dunblane.

Archbishop of York
The archbishop of York is a senior bishop in the Church of England, second only to the archbishop of Canterbury. The archbishop is the diocesan bishop of the Diocese of York and the metropolitan bishop of the province of York, which covers the northern regions of England (north of the Trent) as well as the Isle of Man.

The archbishop's throne (cathedra) is in York Minster in central York, and the official residence is Bishopthorpe Palace in the village of Bishopthorpe outside York. The current archbishop is Stephen Cottrell, since the confirmation of his election on 9 July 2020.
Rock Falls Bridge
The Rock Falls Bridge is a historic structure located in Rock Falls, in the north-central part of the U.S. state of Iowa. The span carries Spring Street over the Shell Rock River for 142 feet (43 m). The Iowa State Highway Commission prepared the plans for this bridge in September 1928, and they were revised in February 1929. While they designed riveted steel trusses for medium-span bridges in rural areas, they used concrete open spandrel arches like this one for several urban and small town structures in the 1920s. C.A. Holvik of Mason City was awarded the contract to construct the bridge, which they completed later in 1929. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.

Arch bridge
An arch bridge is a bridge with abutments at each end shaped as a curved arch. Arch bridges work by transferring the weight of the bridge and its loads partially into a horizontal thrust restrained by the abutments at either side, and partially into a vertical load on the arch supports. A viaduct (a long bridge) may be made from a series of arches, although other more economical structures are typically used today.
Robert Gauthiot
Robert Edmond Gauthiot (13 June 1876, Paris – 11 September 1916, Paris) was a French Orientalist, linguist and explorer. Born in Paris, he became, in 1909, a member of the Société Asiatique and met Paul Pelliot. Together, they translated the Sogdian manuscript Vessantara Jataka, found by Pelliot among the Dunhuang manuscripts in Mogao Cave 17.

Gauthiot interrupted his exploration of the Pamir Mountains in July 1914 to return home to serve as a captain in the infantry during World War I. Gauthiot received the Croix de Guerre before he was wounded at the Second Battle of Artois in spring 1915. He died from injuries at Val de Grâce Hospital.

Société Asiatique
The Société Asiatique (French pronunciation: [sɔsjete azjatik], lit. 'Asiatic Society') is a French learned society dedicated to the study of Asia. It was founded in 1822 with the mission of developing and diffusing knowledge of Asia. Its boundaries of geographic interest are broad, ranging from the Maghreb to the Far East. The society publishes the Journal asiatique. At present the society has about 700 members in France and abroad; its library contains over 90,000 volumes.
Gallery (New Orleans)
In New Orleans, a gallery is a wide platform projecting from the wall of a building supported by posts or columns. Galleries are typically constructed from cast iron (or wrought iron in older buildings) with ornate balusters, posts, and brackets.

The intricate iron balconies and galleries of the French Quarter are among the renowned icons of New Orleans.

Post (structural)
A post is a main vertical or leaning support in a structure similar to a column or pillar, the term post generally refers to a timber but may be metal or stone. A stud in wooden or metal building construction is similar but lighter duty than a post and a strut may be similar to a stud or act as a brace. In the U.K. a strut may be very similar to a post but not carry a beam.   In wood construction posts normally land on a sill, but in rare types of buildings the post may continue through to the foundation called an interrupted sill or into the ground called earthfast, post in ground, or posthole construction. A post is also a fundamental element in a fence. The terms "jack" and "cripple" are used with shortened studs and rafters but not posts, except in the specialized vocabulary of shoring.
Talking Statues
Talking Statues is a project that was created in 2013 by documentary filmmaker David Peter Fox, who is based in Copenhagen, Denmark. Inspired by the book, Sculptures in Copenhagen by Jens Peters Munk, Fox went on to provide a history and backstory for the figures represented by the statues. The project consists of prerecorded voice-overs that are matched to various statues found in public areas using QR codes. The first talking statue was the statue of Hans Christian Andersen in the King's Garden in Copenhagen and, later, talking statues were created for public areas in cities such as Helsinki, New York, London, San Diego, Chicago, Vilnius, Parma, Dublin, Berlin, and Manchester.

The City of Copenhagen funded the initial project, and the monologues were written by film director Carsten Rudolf in collaboration with David Peter Fox. Actor Jens Jacob Tychsen spoke the monologues.

Monologue
In theatre, a monologue (also spelled monolog in American English) (in Greek: μονόλογος, from μόνος mónos, "alone, solitary" and λόγος lógos, "speech") is a speech presented by a single character, most often to express their thoughts aloud, though sometimes also to directly address another character or the audience. Monologues are common across the range of dramatic media (plays, films, etc.), as well as in non-dramatic media such as poetry. Monologues share much in common with several other literary devices including soliloquies, apostrophes, and asides. There are, however, distinctions between each of these devices.
Carlos Palanca (born 1869)
Carlos Tanguinlay Palanca, Sr.  (September 1, 1869 – September 2, 1950), also known as Tan Guin Lay (Chinese: 陳迎來; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tân Gêng-lâi) or sometimes misspelled as Tan Quin Lay, was a Chinese Filipino businessman and philanthropist in the Philippines during the late Spanish colonial era, American colonial era, and early post-independence period.

History of the Philippines (1946–1965)
This article covers the history of the Philippines from the recognition of independence in 1946 to the end of the presidency of Diosdado Macapagal in 1965 that covered much of the Third Republic of the Philippines, which ended on January 17, 1973, with the ratification of the 1973 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines.
Where the Light Goes
Where the Light Goes is the fifth studio album by American rock band Matchbox Twenty, released on May 26, 2023, by Atlantic Records. On March 17, 2023, the band released the first single from the album, "Wild Dogs (Running in a Slow Dream)". The album debuted at number 53 on the US Billboard 200 with 13,000 album-equivalent units in its first week.

Where the Light Goes is the band's first album in over a decade since North in 2012. This is also the first album of new material by the band not to be produced by longtime producer Matt Serletic, and also the first to not have any of it singles chart on the Mainstream Top 40 chart and last album with Atlantic Records. The album was produced by Gregg Wattenberg with band members Paul Doucette and Kyle Cook.

Matt Serletic
Matthew Michael Serletic II (born 1971) is an American record producer, songwriter, record executive and technologist serving since 2024 as Director of AI Innovation and Interactive Experiences at Amazon Music. Previously, he served as Director of Product at Google from 2019 to 2024, and founded the record label Emblem Music Group in 2007.
Robert F. Worth
Robert Forsyth Worth (born September 29, 1965) is an American author and journalist. He was the former chief of The New York Times Beirut bureau. He is the author of Rage for Order, which won the 2017 Lionel Gelber Prize.

Lionel Gelber Prize
The Lionel Gelber Prize is a literary award for English non-fiction books on foreign policy. Founded in 1989 by Canadian diplomat Lionel Gelber, the prize honors "the world's best non-fiction book in English on foreign affairs that seeks to deepen public debate on significant international issues." A prize of CA$50,000, is awarded to the winner. The award is presented annually by the Munk School of Global Affairs & Public Policy at the University of Toronto.

Recipients are judged by an international jury of experts. In 1999, The Economist called the award "the world's most important award for non-fiction". Past winners have included, Lawrence Wright, Jonathan Spence, David McCullough, Kanan Makiya, Michael Ignatieff, Eric Hobsbawm, Robert Kinloch Massie, Adam Hochschild (a two-time winner), Robert Skidelsky, Baron Skidelsky, Walter Russell Mead, Chrystia Freeland, and Steve Coll.
American eccentric cinema
American eccentric cinema is a mode of contemporary American filmmaking that emerged in what has been termed the metamodern or new sincerity. Its attachment to indie cinema has led some to consider it a movement and genre of cinema in the United States. Its key filmmakers, including Wes Anderson, Charlie Kaufman, and Spike Jonze, are at times referred to as the "American Eccentrics". It occurred during the 1990s and 2000s, when indie directors sought to create films that diverted from the style and content of Hollywood franchise films. American eccentric cinema came in opposition to the mainstream ideas of formulaic narratives and the digitisation within films and new technologies that came about during the time period. American eccentric cinema is marked by films that are "deeply concerned with ethics and morality, the obligations of the individual, the effects of family breakdown, and social alienation."

Social alienation
Social alienation is a person's feeling of disconnection from a group – whether friends, family, or wider society – with which the individual has an affiliation. Such alienation has been described as "a condition in social relationships reflected by (1) a low degree of integration or common values and (2) a high degree of distance or isolation (3a) between individuals, or (3b) between an individual and a group of people in a community or work environment [enumeration added]". It is a sociological concept developed by several classical and contemporary theorists. The concept has many discipline-specific uses and can refer both to a personal psychological state (subjectively) and to a type of social relationship (objectively).
Tórshavn
Tórshavn (Faroese: [ˈtʰɔu̯ʂhau̯n] ⓘ; lit. 'Thor's harbour'; Danish: Thorshavn), locally referred to as Havn, is the capital and largest city of the Faroe Islands. It is located in the southern part on the east coast of Streymoy. To the northwest of the city lies the 347-meter-high (1,138 ft) mountain Húsareyn, and to the southwest, the 350-meter-high (1,150 ft) Kirkjubøreyn. They are separated by the Sandá River. The city itself has a population of 14,223 (2024), and the greater urban area has a population of 22,444, including the suburbs of Hoyvík and Argir.

The Norse (Scandinavians) established their parliament on the Tinganes peninsula in AD 850. Tórshavn thus became the capital of the Faroe Islands and has remained so ever since. Early on, Tórshavn became the centre of the islands' trade monopoly, thereby being the only legal place for the islanders to sell and buy goods. In 1856, the trade monopoly was abolished and the islands were left open to free trade.

Icelandic Low
The Icelandic Low is a semi-permanent centre of low atmospheric pressure found between Iceland and southern Greenland and extending in the Northern Hemisphere winter into the Barents Sea. In the summer, it weakens and splits into two centres, one near Davis Strait, Labrador, and the other west of Iceland. It is a principal centre of action in the atmosphere circulation of the Northern Hemisphere, associated with frequent cyclone activity. It forms one pole of the North Atlantic oscillation, the other being the Azores High.
Nuwagaun
Nuwagaun  is a village development committee in Rolpa District in the Rapti Zone of north-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3725 people living in 689 individual households.

Rapti Zone
Rapti Zone (Nepali: राप्ती अञ्चल Listenⓘ) was one of the fourteen zones, located in the Mid-Western Development Region of Nepal.  It was named after the West Rapti River which drains Rolpa, Pyuthan and part of Dang districts. The remainder of Dang and part of Salyan district are drained by the Babai.  The remainder of Salyan and all of Rukum districts are drained by the Bheri.

The headquarters of Rapti were Tulsipur and the largest city was Tribhuvannagar (Ghorahi). Other main cities and towns of Rapti zone were Pyuthan Khalanga, Bijuwar, Liwang, Lamahi, Musikot, Rukumkot (Shova), and Chaurjahari.
Pravithanam PM Devasia
Pravithanam PM Devasia was a Malayalam poet. He penned five Christian Mahakavyam. His best known works are Israel Vamsam and Rajakkanmar. He was a teacher by profession. He led a very austere life and received many accolades for his work. He died at the age of 93.

Mahakavya
Mahākāvya (lit. great kāvya, court epic), also known as sargabandha, is a genre of Indian epic poetry in Classical Sanskrit. The genre is characterised by ornate and elaborate descriptions of phenomena such as scenery, love, and battles. Typical examples of mahākāvya are the Kumarasambhava and the Kiratarjuniya.

The genre evolved from earlier epics, the Mahabharata and the Ramayana. Despite the length of mahākāvyas (15-30 cantos, a total of about 1500-3000 verses), they are still much shorter than the Ramayana (500 cantos, 24000 verses) and the Mahabharata (about 100000 verses).
Stelae (Crete)
Stelae or Stelai (Ancient Greek: Στῆλαι) was a town of ancient Crete. Stephanus of Byzantium describes Stelae as being near two towns, which are called, in the published editions of his work, Paraesus and Rhithymne.

In the 19th century map of Crete by Robert Pashley, its site is fixed at the village of Filippi on the route from Inatus to Gortyna. However, modern scholars treat it as unlocated.

Stephanus of Byzantium
Stephanus or Stephen of Byzantium (Latin: Stephanus Byzantinus; Ancient Greek: Στέφανος Βυζάντιος, Stéphanos Byzántios; fl. 6th century AD) was an Eastern Roman grammarian and the author of an important geographical dictionary entitled Ethnica (Ἐθνικά). Only meagre fragments of the dictionary survive, but the epitome is extant, compiled by one Hermolaus, not otherwise identified.
Las Palmas, Fresno, California
36°45′27″N 119°42′02″W﻿ / ﻿36.75750°N 119.70056°W﻿ / 36.75750; -119.70056

Las Palmas (Spanish for "The Palms") is a former unincorporated community in Fresno County, California, now incorporated in Fresno. It lies at an elevation of 331 feet (101 m).

Fresno County, California
Fresno County (/ˈfrɛznoʊ/ ⓘ), officially the County of Fresno, is located in the central portion of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 1,008,654. The county seat is Fresno, the fifth-most populous city in California. Fresno County comprises the Fresno, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is part of the Fresno–Madera, CA Combined Statistical Area. It is located in the Central Valley, south of Stockton and north of Bakersfield. Since 2010, statewide droughts in California have further strained both Fresno County's and the entire Central Valley's water security.
State University of Surabaya
The State University of Surabaya or Surabaya State University (Indonesian: Universitas Negeri Surabaya; Javanese: ꦈꦤꦶꦮ꦳ꦼꦂꦱꦶꦠꦱ꧀ꦤꦼꦒꦼꦫꦶꦱꦸꦫꦧꦪ; abbreviated as Unesa, Javanese pronunciation: [ʊnɛsʌ]) is a public university located in Surabaya, a metropolitan city in northeastern coastal region of Java Island. It is one of the top universities in Indonesia and has been accredited internationally based on the Standards and Guidelines for Quality Assurance in the European Higher Education Area (ESG). It is the top 3 public universities in the capital of East Java, along with the Airlangga University and Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology.

European Higher Education Area
The European Higher Education Area (EHEA) was launched in March 2010, during the Budapest-Vienna Ministerial Conference, on the occasion of the 10th anniversary of the Bologna Process.

As the main objective of the Bologna Process since its inception in 1999, the EHEA was meant to ensure more comparable, compatible and coherent higher education systems in Europe. Between 1999 and 2010, all the efforts of the Bologna Process members were targeted to creating the European Higher Education Area, which became reality with the Budapest-Vienna Declaration of March 2010. In order to join the EHEA, a country must sign and ratify the European Cultural Convention treaty.

Denmark was the first country outside the UK and the US to introduce the 3+2+3 system.
George V. Doughty House and Garage
The George V. Doughty House and Garage are a historic house and garage located northeast of Jerome, Idaho, United States. The lava rock buildings were constructed in 1914 by stonemason H. T. Pugh for farmer George V. Doughty. The house's design includes a Colonial Revival style hipped roof and a bungalow style front porch.

The house and garage were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

Jerome, Idaho
Jerome is a city in and the county seat of Jerome County, Idaho, United States. As of the 2020 census, Jerome had a population of 12,349. The city is the county seat of Jerome County, and is part of the Twin Falls Micropolitan Statistical Area. It is the second largest city in Idaho's Magic Valley region, second only to Twin Falls which is located 10 miles (16 km) southeast. Jerome's economy is largely agrarian, with dairy farming being one of the main revenue sources for the local economy.
Louis L. Watson
Louis Lee Watson (born April 9, 1895) was an American football coach and college athletics administrator. He served as the head football coach at Virginia Normal and Industrial Institute—now known as Virginia State University–from 1921 to 1922 and at Howard University in 1923 and from 1925 to 1927. Watson graduated from Howard in 1917 and played football at Springfield College in Springfield, Massachusetts in 1919 and 1920.

In 1928, Watson began coaching at the Bordentown School in Bordentown, New Jersey. He returned to Howard in 1945 as athletic director.

Bordentown School
The Bordentown School (officially titled the Manual Training and Industrial School for Colored Youth, the State of New Jersey Manual Training School and Manual Training and Industrial School for Youth, and referred to by other names) was a residential high school for African-American students in Bordentown, New Jersey, United States. Operated for most of the time as a publicly financed co-ed boarding school for African-American children, it was known as the "Tuskegee of the North" for its adoption of many of the educational practices first developed at the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama. The school closed down in 1955.
Cut Bank (film)
Cut Bank  (also known as Hell Town) is a 2014 American independent neo-Western neo-noir-thriller film directed by Matt Shakman (in his feature film debut) and written by Roberto Patino. Starring Liam Hemsworth, Teresa Palmer, Billy Bob Thornton, Bruce Dern, Michael Stuhlbarg, Oliver Platt, and John Malkovich, the film was selected to be screened in the Contemporary World Cinema section at the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival. The film follows a witness to a murder who wants to get rich off of what he saw. It was released in the United States on April 3, 2015, in a limited release and through video on demand by A24.

Neo-noir
Neo-noir is a film genre from the 1970s, in the era of New Hollywood, which is primarily associated with the subversion and visual style of classic film noir tropes, adapting the themes of 1940s and 1950s American film noir for contemporary audiences, often with vibrant colors and high-contrast, more graphic depictions of violence or sexuality, thematic motifs, and nonlinear narrative or editing.

During the 1970s and the mid 1980s, the term "neo-noir" surged in popularity, fueled by movies such as Roman Polanski’s Chinatown (1974), Martin Scorsese's Taxi Driver (1976), Sydney Pollack's Absence of Malice (1981), Ridley Scott’s Blade Runner (1982), Paul Verhoeven's The Fourth Man (1983 film) and David Lynch’s Blue Velvet (1986). The French term film noir translates literally to English as "black film", indicating sinister stories often presented in a shadowy cinematographic style. Neo-noir has a similar style but with updated themes, content, style, and visual elements.
1982 World Sportscar Championship
The 1982 World Sportscar Championship was the 30th season of FIA World Sportscar Championship racing. It featured the 1982 World Endurance Championship for Drivers, which was contested over an eight-round series, and the 1982 World Endurance Championship for Manufacturers, which was contested over five rounds held concurrently with the first five rounds of the Drivers Championship. The Drivers’ title was open to Group C Sports Cars, Group B GT Cars, Group 6 Two-Seater Racing Cars, Group 5 Special Production Cars, Group 4 GT Cars, Group 3 GT Cars, Group 2 Touring Cars and IMSA GTX, GTO and GTU cars. The Manufacturers title was limited to Group C Sports Cars and Group B GT Cars only. The series ran from 18 April 1982 to 17 October 1982.

The World Endurance Championship for Drivers was won by Jacky Ickx driving a Porsche 956 and the World Endurance Championship for Manufacturers was awarded to Porsche.

IMSA
The International Motor Sports Association (IMSA) is a North American sports car racing sanctioning body based in Daytona Beach, Florida, under the jurisdiction of the ACCUS arm of the FIA. It was started by John Bishop, a former executive director of SCCA (Sports Car Club of America), and his wife Peggy in 1969 with help from Bill France Sr. of NASCAR. Beginning in 2014, IMSA is the sanctioning body of the WeatherTech SportsCar Championship, the premier series resulting from the merger of Grand-Am Road Racing and the American Le Mans Series.  IMSA is owned by NASCAR Holdings, as a subsidiary company with a designated board of directors.
Brent Piltz
Brent Piltz (born 13 November 1978) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Sydney in the Australian Football League (AFL) in 2001.

Initially from Henty Football Club where he won the 1996 Hume Football League Thirds best and fairest award and was drafted by Sydney from North Albury in the Ovens & Murray Football League in the 2001 rookie draft as a 22-year-old, Piltz played a single senior game and recorded only one career disposal.

A defender, Piltz is best known for his playing and coaching career in the O&M with North Albury and Myrtleford, and in the Hume Football League with his junior club Henty. Piltz was part of two senior premierships with Henty: one as a 17-year-old in 1996, and the other as a 35-year-old co-coach in 2014.

2000 AFL draft
The 2000 AFL draft was the annual draft of talented Australian rules football players by teams that participate in the Australian Football League.  It consisted of a pre-season draft, a national draft, a trade period and a rookie elevation.

In 2000 there were 87 picks to be drafted between 16 teams in the national draft. The St Kilda Football Club received the first pick in the national draft after finishing on the bottom of the ladder during the 2000 AFL season.