hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Matthias de l'Obel
Mathias de l'Obel, Mathias de Lobel or Matthaeus Lobelius (1538 – 3 March 1616) was a Flemish physician and plant enthusiast who was born in Lille, Flanders, in what is now Hauts-de-France, France, and died at Highgate, London, England. He studied at the University of Montpellier and practiced medicine in the Low Countries and England, including positions as personal physicians to two monarchs. A member of the sixteenth-century Flemish School of Botany, he wrote a series of major treatises on plants in both Latin and Dutch. He was the first botanist to appreciate the distinction between monocotyledons and dicotyledons. The plant genus Lobelia is named after him, as is Lobel's maple Acer lobelii.

Flemish people
Flemish people or Flemings (Dutch: Vlamingen [ˈvlaːmɪŋə(n)] ⓘ; French: Flamands) are one of three Belgian main ethnic groups native to Flanders, Belgium, who speak Flemish Dutch. Flemish people make up the majority of Belgians, at about 60%.

Flemish was historically a geographical term, as all inhabitants of the medieval County of Flanders in modern-day Belgium, France and the Netherlands were referred to as "Flemings" irrespective of their ethnicity or language. The contemporary region of Flanders comprises a part of this historical county, as well as parts of the medieval Duchy of Brabant and the medieval County of Loon, where the modern national identity and culture gradually formed.
Spotted greenbul
The spotted greenbul (Ixonotus guttatus) or spotted bulbul, is a species of songbird in the bulbul family, Pycnonotidae. It is classified in the monotypic genus Ixonotus. It is widely spread throughout the African tropical rainforest, from Sierra Leone and Guinea to Ghana; southern Nigeria to Uganda, northern Tanzania, eastern and central Democratic Republic of the Congo and extreme north-western Angola. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forest, subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest, and moist savanna.

Tropical forest
Tropical forests are forested ecoregions with tropical climates – that is, land areas approximately bounded by the tropics of Cancer and Capricorn, but possibly affected by other factors such as prevailing winds.

Some tropical forest types are difficult to categorize. While forests in temperate areas are readily categorized on the basis of tree canopy density, such schemes do not work well in tropical forests. There is no single scheme that defines what a forest is, in tropical regions or elsewhere. Because of these difficulties, information on the extent of tropical forests varies between sources. However, tropical forests are extensive, making up just under half the world's forests. The tropical domain has the largest proportion of the world's forests (45 percent), followed by the boreal, temperate and subtropical domains.

More than 3.6 million hectares of virgin tropical forest was lost in 2018.
Dao Bac
Dao Bac is a professional poker player from Garden Grove, California. In 2007, Bac won a World Series of Poker bracelet in the $1,000 S.H.O.E. event. S.H.O.E. is a rotational event comprising Seven-Card Stud, Limit Hold'em, Omaha High-Low, and Stud Eight-or-better.

Bac was born in Vietnam and came to the United States in 1989.

As of 2008, Bac has tournament winnings of over $800,000.

HOSE
H.O.S.E. (or S.H.O.E.) is a term used for playing a mixed game of poker consisting of four different poker games.

H stands for Hold 'em

O for Omaha Eight or Better (i.e. Omaha hi-low (split-8 or better), or simply Omaha/8)

S for 7-Card Stud

E for 7 Card Stud Eight or Better

This form of poker is considered harder and not for beginners since it requires players to be skilled at many different forms of poker to succeed. It is also commonly played at casino tables. Players must have a great deal of concentration as well to not confuse which game is being played.
2015 Monte-Carlo Rolex Masters – Singles
Novak Djokovic defeated Tomáš Berdych in the final, 7–5, 4–6, 6–3 to win the singles tennis title at the 2015 Monte-Carlo Masters. It was his second Monte-Carlo Masters title, and he became the first man to win the first three ATP Tour Masters 1000 titles of the season.

Stan Wawrinka was the defending champion, but lost in the third round to Grigor Dimitrov.

Monte-Carlo Masters
The Monte-Carlo Masters (also known as the Rolex Monte-Carlo Masters for sponsorship reasons) is an annual tennis tournament for male professional players held in Roquebrune-Cap-Martin, France, which borders on Monaco. It is played on clay courts at the Monte Carlo Country Club and is held in April. The tournament is one of the nine ATP Masters 1000 tournaments on the ATP Tour. Rafael Nadal won the men's singles title a record eleven times, including in eight consecutive editions.

The event was founded in 1896 as the Monte-Carlo International. The following year the event officially became known as the Monte-Carlo Championships, also known as the Monte-Carlo International Championships, which was a combined men's and women's tournament until 1982 when the women's championships ceased.
Lê–Mạc War
The Lê–Mạc War (Vietnamese: Chiến tranh Lê-Mạc; chữ Hán: 戰爭黎莫) was a civil war waged between two Vietnamese dynasties, the Mạc and Revival Lê, during the Southern and Northern Dynasties period of Vietnamese history.

The Vietnamese throne was usurped by Mạc Đăng Dung in 1527. Lê Ninh, a prince of the Later Lê dynasty, escaped to Lan Xang. In 1533, Lê Ninh proclaimed himself emperor with the support of Nguyễn Kim and Trịnh Kiểm. The civil war between the two dynasties thus ensued.

In 1592, Đông Kinh, the capital of the Mạc dynasty, was reconquered by the Later Lê forces, marking the end of the Southern and Northern Dynasties period. Mạc rulers fled to Cao Bằng Province, with the direct support of the Chinese Ming and Qing dynasties until they were completedly defeated by Trịnh clan in 1677.

Cao Bằng province
Cao Bằng ([kāw ɓɐ̀ŋ] ⓘ) is a province of the Northeast region of Vietnam. The province has borders with Hà Giang, Tuyên Quang, Bắc Kạn, and Lạng Sơn provinces within Vietnam. It also has a common international border with Guangxi province in China. The province covers 6,700.39 km2 (2,587.04 mi2) and, as of 2023, its population was 547,849 people.

The area has a rich history tracing to the Bronze Age Tây Âu (西甌) Kingdom of the ethnic Tày. Cao Bằng has several points of historical interest as well as many natural features such as the Pác Bó (at the mouth of the confluence of two rivers, the Bằng Giang and Hien rivers) where Hồ Chí Minh in January 1941 established a revolutionary force at Cốc Bó cave, the Mạc emperor's Temple, the Kỳ Sầm Temple, Coi Bin Church, the Bản Giốc waterfall area at the international border between Vietnam and China, and the Thang Hen Mountain Lake.
Imam
Imam (/ɪˈmɑːm/; Arabic: إمام, imām; pl.: أئمة, a'immah) is an Islamic leadership position. For Sunni Muslims, imam is most commonly used as the title of a prayer leader of a mosque. In this context, imams may lead Islamic prayers, serve as community leaders, and provide religious guidance. Thus for Sunnis, anyone can study the basic Islamic teachings and become an imam.

For most Shia Muslims, the imams are absolute infallible leaders of the Islamic community after the Prophet. Shias consider the term to be only applicable to the members and descendants of the Ahl al-Bayt, the family of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. In Twelver Shi'ism there are 14 infallibles, 12 of which are imams, the final being Imam Mahdi who will return at the end of times. The title was also used by the Zaidi Shia imams of Yemen, who eventually founded the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen (1918–1970).

Ahl al-Bayt
Ahl al-Bayt (Arabic: أهل البيت, lit. 'people of the house') refers to the family of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. In Sunni Islam, the term has also been extended to all descendants of the Banu Hashim (Muhammad's clan) and even to all Muslims. In Shia Islam, the term is limited to Muhammad, his daughter Fatima, his cousin and son-in-law Ali, and their two sons, Ḥasan and Ḥusayn. A common Sunni view adds the wives of Muhammad to these five.

While all Muslims revere the Ahl al-Bayt, Shia Muslims assert that members of the Ahl al-Bayt are spiritual successors to Muhammad, possessing divine knowledge and infallibility. The Twelver Shiʿa also believe in the redemptive power of the pain and martyrdom endured by the members of the Ahl al-Bayt, particularly Husayn. Sunni Muslims, who do not believe in spiritual succession to Muhammad, only hold the Ahl al-Bayt in high regard.
Filipe Nery Rodrigues
Filipe Nery Rodrigues (born 19 October 1962) is an Indian politician, businessman and civil engineer who served as a member of the Goa Legislative Assembly, representing the Velim Assembly constituency in the 1999, 2002, 2007, and 2017 elections as a member of the Indian National Congress (INC). In July 2019, he was one of ten INC members who joined the Bharatiya Janata Party.

Goa Legislative Assembly
The Goa Legislative Assembly is the unicameral legislature of the state of Goa in India. The Assembly meets at the Goa State Legislative Assembly Complex in Porvorim, Bardez. The Eighth Goa Legislative Assembly consists of 40 members. The assembly is in charge of the budget, the Assembly appropriates money for social programs, agricultural development, infrastructure development, etc. It is also responsible for proposing and levying taxes.
Larry McReynolds
Lawrence Joseph McReynolds III (born January 10, 1959) is an American NASCAR television commentator for NASCAR on Fox and NASCAR on TNT and a semi-retired crew chief.

As a full-time NASCAR Cup Series crew chief from the 1980s until 2000, he won 23 races, including 2 Daytona 500's. He has been a commentator for NASCAR on Fox ever since the network started covering NASCAR in 2001. He was a color commentator in their Cup Series booth from 2001 to 2015 and since 2016 has been their rules and technical analyst.

McReynolds also briefly served as an advisor to Petty Enterprises in 2002, and was a minority owner of Bang! Racing, a team that competed in the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series for 1 year in 2004.

2004 NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series
The 2004 NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series was the tenth season of the Craftsman Truck Series, the third highest stock car racing series sanctioned by NASCAR in the United States. Bobby Hamilton of Bobby Hamilton Racing won the championship, giving Dodge its first Trucks Series championship.
Double, Double (Brunner novel)
Double, Double is a science fiction novel by John Brunner, first published in the United States as an original paperback by Ballantine Books in 1969 and reprinted in 1979 as a Del Rey paperback. A hardcover edition was released in the British market in 1971 by Sidgwick & Jackson.

Del Rey Books
Del Rey Books is an imprint of the Random House Group, a division of Penguin Random House.  The imprint was established in 1977 under the editorship of Judy-Lynn del Rey and her husband, author Lester del Rey.  Today, the imprint specializes in science fiction, fantasy, horror, and fantasy romance.

The first new novel published by Del Rey was The Sword of Shannara by Terry Brooks in 1977. Del Rey formerly published Star Wars novels under the Lucasbooks sub-imprint (licensed from Lucasfilm, a subsidiary of The Walt Disney Studios division of The Walt Disney Company) that are now published by its sister imprint, Random House Worlds.
Koiak 25
Koiak 24 – Coptic calendar – Koiak 26

The twenty-fifth day of the Coptic month of Koiak, the fourth month of the Coptic year. On a common year, this day corresponds to December 21, of the Julian calendar, and January 3, of the Gregorian calendar. This day falls in the Coptic season of Peret, the season of emergence. This day falls in the Nativity Fast.

Coptic calendar
The Coptic calendar, also called the Alexandrian calendar, is a liturgical calendar used by the farming populace in Egypt and used by the Coptic Orthodox and Coptic Catholic churches. It was used for fiscal purposes in Egypt until the adoption of the Gregorian calendar on 11 September 1875 (1st Thout 1592 AM). Like the Julian calendar (and unlike the international Gregorian calendar), the Coptic calendar has a leap year every four years invariably; it does not skip leap years three times every 400 years.
AJ Albuquerque
Antônio José Aguiar Albuquerque (born 26 September 1983) is a Brazilian politician serving as a member of the Chamber of Deputies since 2019. From 2013 to 2017, he served as mayor of Massapê. He is the son of Zezinho Albuquerque.

Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)
The Chamber of Deputies (Portuguese: Câmara dos Deputados) is a federal legislative body and the lower house of the National Congress of Brazil. The chamber comprises 513 deputies, who are elected by proportional representation to serve four-year terms. The current president of the chamber is the Deputy Hugo Motta (Republicanos-PB), who was elected on 1 February 2025.
Andriambilany
Andriambilany is a rural municipality in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Ambatolampy, which is a part of Vakinankaratra region. It is situated at 13 km north of Ambatolampy and 57 km from Antananarivo, the capital. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 6,000 in 2001 commune census.

Primary and junior level secondary education are available in town. The majority 90% of the population of the commune are farmers, while an additional 6% receives their livelihood from raising livestock. The most important crop is rice, while other important products are fruits, beans, maize and cassava.  Industry and services provide employment for 3% and 1% of the population, respectively.

Vakinankaratra
Vakinankaratra is a region in central Madagascar. The capital of the region is Antsirabe. It's one of the four regions of the Antananarivo Province. Vakinankaratra covers an area of 16,599 kilometres (10,314 miles), and had a population of 2,074,358 in 2018.
Frank Hassell
Franklin Hassell (born October 9, 1988) is an American professional basketball player for Mineros de Zacatecas of the Mexican League. Standing at 6 ft 8 in (2.03 m), he plays as a power forward. In 2012–13, he was the top rebounder in the Israel Basketball Premier League.

The Basketball Tournament
The Basketball Tournament (TBT) is an open-invitation, single-elimination tournament played each summer in the United States, with the stakes being a cash prize (the most recent tournament in 2025 had a $1 million purse going to the winners). The number of teams playing in the tournament has varied since its establishment, but in recent years has settled into a 64-team field.

The event was founded in 2014 by real estate developer and TV producer Jonathan Mugar, and as of 2025, the tournament airs in the U.S. on Fox and its sister network Fox Sports 1 (FS1).
Jyeshtharaj Joshi
Jyeshtharaj Bhalchandra Joshi is an Indian chemical engineer, nuclear scientist, consultant and professor, widely known for his innovations in nuclear reactor designs and generally regarded as a respected teacher. He is the DAE-Homi Bhabha Chair Professor, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, and is the recipient of Shantiswarup Bhatnagar Prize for Engineering Sciences and many other awards and recognitions. He received the third highest civilian honour, the Padma Bhushan, in 2014 for his services to the field of chemical engineering and nuclear science.

Nuclear physics
Nuclear physics is the field of physics that studies atomic nuclei and their constituents and interactions, in addition to the study of other forms of nuclear matter.

Nuclear physics should not be confused with atomic physics, which studies the atom as a whole, including its electrons.

Discoveries in nuclear physics have led to applications in many fields such as nuclear power, nuclear weapons, nuclear medicine and magnetic resonance imaging, industrial and agricultural isotopes, ion implantation in materials engineering, and radiocarbon dating in geology and archaeology. Such applications are studied in the field of nuclear engineering.

Particle physics evolved out of nuclear physics and the two fields are typically taught in close association. Nuclear astrophysics, the application of nuclear physics to astrophysics, is crucial in explaining the inner workings of stars and the origin of the chemical elements.
Mutiara Kisaran Stadium
Mutiara Kisaran Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in the town of Kisaran, Indonesia.  It is currently used mostly for football matches.  The stadium has a capacity of 5,000 people.

It is the home base of PSSA Asahan and PS Bintang Jaya Asahan.

Kisaran
Kisaran is a large town in the North Sumatra province of Indonesia. Kisaran is the administrative capital of Asahan Regency. Kisaran does not now have the status of an independent city, but is composed of two administrative districts (kecamatan) - West Kisaran District and East Kisaran District. Kisaran is situated on the Trans-Sumatra Highway, and is also located in the path of trains in northern Sumatra.

The previous status of Kisaran was an administrative city, independent of the regency, which was then abolished and divided into two districts within the regency in 2003 because it did not meet the increasing requirements of the autonomous region.
Frédéric Devreese
Frédéric Devreese (2 June 1929 – 28 September 2020) was a Belgian composer of mostly orchestral, chamber and piano works that have been performed throughout the world; he was also active as a conductor. Devreese is known for his film scores, including Benvenuta by André Delvaux and The Cruel Embrace by Marion Hänsel.

Belgians
Belgians (Dutch: Belgen [ˈbɛlɣə(n)] ⓘ; French: Belges [bɛlʒ] ⓘ; German: Belgier [ˈbɛlɡi̯ɐ] ⓘ) are people identified with the Kingdom of Belgium, a federal state in Western Europe. As Belgium is a multinational state, this connection may be residential, legal, historical, or cultural rather than ethnic. The majority of Belgians, however, belong to two distinct linguistic groups or communities (Dutch: gemeenschap; French: communauté) native to the country, i.e. its historical regions: Flemings in Flanders, who speak Dutch, West Flemish and Limburgish; and Walloons in Wallonia, who speak French or Walloon. There is also a substantial Belgian diaspora, which has settled primarily in the United States, Canada, France, and the Netherlands.
Polonium dioxide
Polonium dioxide (also known as polonium(IV) oxide) is a chemical compound with the formula PoO2. It is one of three oxides of polonium, the other two being polonium monoxide (PoO) and polonium trioxide (PoO3). It is a pale yellow crystalline solid at room temperature. Under lowered pressure (such as a vacuum), it decomposes into elemental polonium and oxygen at 500 °C. It is the most stable oxide of polonium and is an interchalcogen.

Pressure
Pressure (symbol: p or P) is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed.: 445  Gauge pressure (also spelled gage pressure) is the pressure relative to the ambient pressure.

Various units are used to express pressure. Some of these derive from a unit of force divided by a unit of area; the SI unit of pressure, the pascal (Pa), for example, is one newton per square metre (N/m2); similarly, the pound-force per square inch (psi, symbol lbf/in2) is the traditional unit of pressure in the imperial and US customary systems. Pressure may also be expressed in terms of standard atmospheric pressure; the unit atmosphere (atm) is equal to this pressure, and the torr is defined as 1⁄760 of this. Manometric units such as the centimetre of water, millimetre of mercury, and inch of mercury are used to express pressures in terms of the height of column of a particular fluid in a manometer.
Dirk Werner
Dirk Werner (born 25 May 1981 in Hannover, Lower Saxony)  is a German racing driver.

Born in Hannover, Werner was 2007  and 2009 Grand-Am Rolex Sports Car Series champion for Farnbacher-Loles Racing driving a Porsche 911 and finished third in the GT Class in the 2011 American Le Mans Series season.  Werner has scored podiums various high level endurance races, including the 24 Hours of Daytona, 24 Hours of Spa, 24 Hours of Nürburgring, 12 Hours of Sebring and Petit Le Mans.

Since 2010, Werner is a BMW works driver, and has competed at the 24 Hours of Le Mans, the Le Mans Series and the Intercontinental Le Mans Cup in addition to the American Le Mans Series.

In 2012, Werner would become one of the six BMW drivers in its return to the Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters after two decades of absence.

European Le Mans Series
The European Le Mans Series (abbreviated as ELMS) is a European sports car racing endurance series inspired by the 24 Hours of Le Mans race organized by the Automobile Club de l'Ouest (ACO).  The European Le Mans Series is similar to the former American Le Mans Series (ALMS) based in the United States and Canada that was running with ACO and IMSA between 1999 and 2013.  ELMS team champions and runners-up receive an automatic entry to the following year's 24 Hours of Le Mans.  Originally titled the Le Mans Endurance Series before becoming simply the Le Mans Series in 2006, the series was renamed once more in 2012, reusing a name previously utilized by IMSA in 2001.
Marius et Fanny
Marius et Fanny is an opera (opéra comique) in two acts composed by Vladimir Cosma. The libretto by Michel Lengliney, Jean-Pierre Lang, Michel Rivegauche, Antoine Chalamel, Michel Arbatz and Vladimir Cosma is based on Marcel Pagnol's stage and film trilogy Marius, Fanny and César (known as the Trilogie marseillaise). The opera premiered on 4 September 2007 at the Opéra de Marseille with Roberto Alagna and Angela Gheorghiu in the title roles.

Marcel Pagnol
Marcel Paul Pagnol (/pəˈnjɒl, pæ-/, also US: /pɑːˈnjɔːl/ pah-NYAWL; French: [maʁsɛl pɔl paɲɔl]; 28 February 1895 – 18 April 1974) was a French novelist, playwright, and filmmaker. Regarded as an auteur, in 1946, he became the first filmmaker elected to the Académie française. Pagnol is generally regarded as one of France's greatest 20th-century writers and is notable for his prominence in multiple eminent mediums—memoir, novel, theatre and film.
Shoutcast
Shoutcast (formerly SHOUTcast) is a service for streaming media over the internet to media players, using its own cross-platform proprietary software. It allows digital audio content, primarily in MP3 or High-Efficiency Advanced Audio Coding format. The most common use of Shoutcast is for creating or listening to Internet audio broadcasts; however, there are also video streams. The software is available to use for free or as a paid cloud service with additional professional features.

In the early days of esports for video games, Shoutcast was used by some to stream play-by-play commentary, leading to the term "shoutcaster" as a name for esports commentators.

High-Efficiency Advanced Audio Coding
High-Efficiency Advanced Audio Coding (HE-AAC) is an audio coding format for lossy data compression of digital audio as part of the MPEG-4 standards. It is an extension of Low Complexity AAC (AAC-LC) optimized for low-bitrate applications such as streaming audio.

The usage profile HE-AAC v1 uses spectral band replication (SBR) to enhance the modified discrete cosine transform (MDCT) compression efficiency in the frequency domain. The usage profile HE-AAC v2 couples SBR with Parametric Stereo (PS) to further enhance the compression efficiency of stereo signals.

HE-AAC is defined as an MPEG-4 Audio profile in ISO/IEC 14496–3. HE-AAC is used in digital radio standards like HD Radio, DAB+ and Digital Radio Mondiale.