hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Scaling pattern of occupancy
In spatial ecology and macroecology, scaling pattern of occupancy (SPO), also known as the area-of-occupancy (AOO) is the way in which species distribution changes across spatial scales.  In physical geography and image analysis, it is similar to the modifiable areal unit problem. Simon A. Levin (1992) states that the problem of relating phenomena across scales is the central problem in biology and in all of science. Understanding the SPO is thus one central theme in ecology.

Image analysis
Image analysis or imagery analysis is the extraction of meaningful information from images; mainly from digital images by means of digital image processing techniques. Image analysis tasks can be as simple as reading bar coded tags or as sophisticated as identifying a person from their face.

Computers are indispensable for the analysis of large amounts of data, for tasks that require complex computation, or for the extraction of quantitative information.  On the other hand, the human visual cortex is an excellent image analysis apparatus, especially for extracting higher-level information, and for many applications — including medicine, security, and remote sensing — human analysts still cannot be replaced by computers.  For this reason, many important image analysis tools such as edge detectors and neural networks are inspired by human visual perception models.
T. J. Leaf
Ty Jacob Leaf (Hebrew: טיי ג'ייקוב ליף; born April 30, 1997) is an Israeli–American professional basketball player for Maccabi Tel Aviv of the Ligat HaAl and the EuroLeague. After playing one season of college basketball for the UCLA Bruins, he was selected by the Indiana Pacers in the first round of the 2017 NBA draft with the 18th overall pick.

Leaf was named an All-American as a high school senior in 2016. As a UCLA freshman in 2016–17, he earned first-team all-conference honors in the Pac-12. He began his NBA career with three seasons in Indiana, but was unable to carry over his college success. He joined the Portland Trail Blazers as a free agent in 2021. Leaf also played for Israel's Under-18 junior national team at the 2015 FIBA Europe Under-18 Championship B Division.

UCLA Bruins
The UCLA Bruins are the athletic teams that represent the University of California, Los Angeles. The Bruin men's and women's teams participate in NCAA Division I as part of the Big Ten Conference and the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation (MPSF). For football, they are in the Football Bowl Subdivision of Division I (formerly Division I-A). UCLA is second to only Stanford University as the school with the most NCAA team championships at 125 NCAA team championships. UCLA offers 11 varsity sports programs for men and 14 for women.
Unyanyembe
Unyanyembe is a town in Tanzania (formerly German East Africa) near Mwadui Airport in Shinyanga Region. It was one of the locations visited by Henry Morton Stanley during his search for Dr Livingstone. In the 19th-century it was the headquarters of a kingdom that controlled Tabora as well as other areas. (David Livingstone was there in 1872, and borrowed a pocket chronometer, witness the document at the right.)

Mwadui Airport
Mwadui Airport (IATA: MWN, ICAO: HTMD) is an airport serving the Williamson diamond mine, in the Shinyanga Region of Tanzania. The runway extends along the east side of the mine pit.

The Mwadui non-directional beacon (Ident: WM) is on the field.
Harvey Bullock (writer)
Harvey Bullock (born June 4, 1921 in Oxford, North Carolina – died April 24, 2006) was an American television and film writer and producer. His work with R.S. Allen included episodes for The Andy Griffith Show, Hogan's Heroes, Love, American Style, and Alice, along with the films Who's Minding the Mint?, With Six You Get Eggroll and Girl Happy.

Alice (American TV series)
Alice is an American sitcom television series that aired on CBS from August 31, 1976, to March 19, 1985. The series is based on director Martin Scorsese's 1974 film Alice Doesn't Live Here Anymore. The show stars Linda Lavin in the title role, a widow who moves with her young son to start life over again and finds a job working at a roadside diner in Phoenix, Arizona. Most of the episodes revolve around events at Mel's Diner, where Alice is employed.

With more than 200 episodes over nine seasons, Alice was the longest-running American television sitcom to feature a woman in the starring role until it was surpassed by Roseanne in 1996.
Jonny Bairstow
Jonathan Marc Bairstow (born 26 September 1989) is an English cricketer who played internationally for England in all formats as a right-handed wicket-keeper-batter. He represents Yorkshire in domestic cricket and Welsh Fire in The Hundred. Bairstow was part of the England team that won the 2019 Cricket World Cup.

Trent Bridge
Trent Bridge Cricket Ground is a cricket ground mostly used for Test, One-Day International and county cricket located in West Bridgford, Nottinghamshire, England, just across the River Trent from the city of Nottingham. Trent Bridge is also the headquarters of Nottinghamshire County Cricket Club. As well as international cricket and Nottinghamshire's home games, the ground has hosted the Finals Day of the Twenty20 Cup twice and has hosted One-Day Cup since 2021.

In 2009, the ground was used for the ICC World Twenty20 and hosted the semi-final between South Africa and Pakistan. The site takes its name from the nearby main bridge over the Trent and it is also close to Meadow Lane and the City Ground, the football stadiums of Notts County and Nottingham Forest respectively.
Proischnura rotundipennis
Proischnura rotundipennis, the round-winged bluet is a species of damselfly in the family Coenagrionidae. It is endemic to South Africa, where it is scarce and localised.

This species is found in the grassland biome, where its natural habitat is grassy verges of ponds and slow-flowing streams.

This bluet is 22–27 mm long, with a wingspan of 30–32 mm. The thorax is greenish blue with black dorsal and antehumeral stripes. The upper abdomen is mainly black; segments eight and nine are bright blue and segment ten is black.  Key features for identification in the field are rounded wing-tips and the short, broad pterostigmata which are dark with pale edges.

Male

Male

Male head and thorax

Male abdomen

Male abdomen

Male wing detail showing pterostigmata

Female

Mating pair

Thorax (arthropod anatomy)
The thorax is the midsection (tagma) of the hexapod body (insects and entognathans). It holds the head, legs, wings and abdomen. It is also called mesosoma or cephalothorax in other arthropods.

It is formed by the prothorax, mesothorax and metathorax and comprises the scutellum; the cervix, a membrane that separates the head from the thorax; and the pleuron, a lateral sclerite of the thorax.

In dragonflies and damselflies, the mesothorax and metathorax are fused together to form the synthorax.

In some insect pupae, like the mosquitoes', the head and thorax can be fused in a cephalothorax.

Members of suborder Apocrita (wasps, ants and bees) in the order Hymenoptera have the first segment of the abdomen fused with the thorax, which is called the propodeum. The head is connected to the thorax by the occipital foramen, enabling a wide range of motion for the head.

In most flying insects, the thorax allows for the use of asynchronous muscles.
Hungry Eyes (Merle Haggard song)
"Hungry Eyes" is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Merle Haggard and The Strangers.  It was released in February 1969 as the first single from the album A Portrait of Merle Haggard.  The song was one of the most famous of his career.

The Strangers (American band)
The Strangers were an American country band that formed in 1966 in Bakersfield, California. They mainly served as the backup band for singer-songwriter Merle Haggard, who named them after his first hit single "(My Friends Are Gonna Be) Strangers". In addition to serving as his backing band, members of the Strangers also produced many of Haggard's records, sang lead vocals on select tracks, and co-wrote many of Haggard's songs with him, including the No. 1 singles, "Okie From Muskogee" and "I Always Get Lucky with You".

From 1969 to 1973, they issued several records independent of Haggard, released on Capitol Records, and even had their own Top 10 hit single called "Street Singer" on the Billboard Hot Country Songs Chart. Three members of the Strangers would go on to be inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Between 1969 and 1987, the Strangers were voted Band of the Year by the Academy of Country Music eight times—more than any other group in history.
Ewo, Republic of the Congo
Ewo is a village and a commune located in the Republic of the Congo that serves as the administrative center of Ewo District and the Cuvette-Ouest department. Situated on the banks of the Kouyou River, Ewo had a population of 28,229 inhabitants in 2023, the date of the country's last official census. It is served by Ewo Airport.

Departments of the Republic of the Congo
The Republic of the Congo is divided into 15 departments since the adoption of the corresponding laws in October 2024. These departments replaced former regions (régions, singular région) in 2002:

According to the laws published in October 2024 and the cartographic coordinates, the new regions are:

Congo-Oubangui. Formed by the districts of Bokoma, Liranga (formerly in Likouala), Loukoléla District and Mossaka.

Nkéni-Alima. Formed by the districts of Makotimpoko District, Ongogni District, Gamboma, Abala and Allembé District.

Djoué-Léfini. Formed by the districts of Ngabé, Mayama, Vindza, Kimba and Ignié.

These regions are subdivided into more than 100 districts and 16 communes; which are further subdivided into urban communities (communautés urbaines) and rural communities (communautés rurales); which are further subdivided into quarters or neighborhoods (quartiers) and villages.
Brat Tour
The Brat Tour (also referred to as the Brat Arena Tour for the arena dates) was the fourth solo concert tour by British singer-songwriter Charli XCX, in support of her sixth studio album Brat (2024). It began in Manchester, England, on 27 November 2024, and concluded in  Gwacheon, South Korea, on 15 August 2025. British singer and DJ Shygirl served as the opening act for the UK leg, while British producer and artist Finn Keane was the opening act for the US leg.

Finn Keane
Finn Keane, previously known as Easyfun (stylised in all caps and formerly as easyFun), is a British songwriter and record producer. He is known for his frequent collaborations with Charli XCX, his releases on experimental pop label PC Music, and his work with the label's founder A. G. Cook in the duo Thy Slaughter.  His work with Charli XCX has earned him two Grammy Award nominations: Album of the Year for Brat and Best Dance Pop Recording for "Von Dutch", of which he won the latter.
Knetsch v. United States
Knetsch v. United States, 364 U.S. 361 (1960), was a decision by the United States Supreme Court concerning taxation law.

The taxpayer was a saver who was convinced to buy a deferred annuity because the inside buildup on such policies is tax-deferred. However, he wanted to claim a deduction on the money he borrowed that he used to buy the annuity. The IRS won and the taxpayer was denied the deduction. An understanding of the economics would immediately reveal that the only reason the transaction had any chance of making sense for the taxpayer was the asymmetric way the-then current tax code allowed a current deduction on the loan liability at the same time allowed tax deferral on the purchased asset. Success would have legitimated tax arbitrage.

Tax law
Tax law or revenue law is an area of legal study in which public or sanctioned authorities, such as federal, state and municipal governments (as in the case of the US) use a body of rules and procedures (laws) to assess and collect taxes in a legal context. The rates and merits of the various taxes, imposed by the authorities, are attained via the political process inherent in these bodies of power, and not directly attributable to the actual domain of tax law itself.

Tax law is part of public law. It covers the application of existing tax laws on individuals, entities and corporations, in areas where tax revenue is derived or levied, e.g. income tax, estate tax, business tax, employment/payroll tax, property tax, gift tax and exports/imports tax. There have been some arguments that consumer law is a better way to engage in large-scale redistribution than tax law because it does not necessitate legislation and can be more efficient, given the complexities of tax law.: 213
Fatima Al-Banawi
Fatima Al-Banawi (Arabic: فاطمة البنوي, Hejazi Arabic pronunciation: [ˈfaːtˤma alˈbanawi]) is a Saudi Arabian filmmaker and actress. She is best known as the director and actress of popular television serials and films Barakah Meets Barakah, A Blink of an Eye and Paranormal. She is also a renowned storyteller in Saudi Arabia.

Storytelling
Storytelling is the social and cultural activity of sharing stories, sometimes with improvisation, theatrics or embellishment. Every culture has its own narratives, which are shared as a means of entertainment, education, cultural preservation or instilling moral values (sometimes through morals). Crucial elements of stories and storytelling include plot, characters and narrative point of view. The term "storytelling" can refer specifically to oral storytelling but also broadly to techniques used in other media to unfold or disclose the narrative of a story.
Simon Underwood
Simon Underwood is a British bass guitarist best known as a member of the bands The Pop Group and Pigbag. As described by punk rock producer Dennis Bovell, Underwood was "a wicked bass player... Together Simon and Bruce [Smith] were the Sly & Robbie of the punk period."

Sly and Robbie
Sly and Robbie were a prolific Jamaican rhythm section and production duo, associated primarily with the reggae and dub genres. Drummer Sly Dunbar and bassist Robbie Shakespeare teamed up in the mid-1970s after establishing themselves separately in Jamaica as professional musicians. They recorded several albums under the Sly and Robbie name, and made hundreds of appearances on records by other performers.

Shakespeare died in December 2021 following kidney surgery, and Dunbar on 26 January 2026.
Moody v. NetChoice, LLC
Moody v. NetChoice, LLC and NetChoice, LLC v. Paxton, 603 U.S. 707 (2024), were United States Supreme Court cases related to protected speech under the First Amendment and content moderation by interactive service providers on the Internet under Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act. Moody and Paxton were challenges to two state statutes – enacted in Florida and Texas, respectively – that sought to limit this moderation. In July 2024, the justices vacated the lower-court decisions in both cases due to both courts failing to perform a full First Amendment assessment of the laws, and remanded them for further consideration.

Remand (court procedure)
Remand is when higher courts send cases back to lower courts for further action.

For example, in U.S. law, appellate courts remand cases to district courts for actions such as a new trial. Federal appellate courts, including the Supreme Court, have the power to "remand [a] cause and ... require such further proceedings to be had as may be just under the circumstances." This includes the power to make summary "grant, vacate and remand" (GVR) orders.

Appellate courts remand cases whose outcome they are unable to finally determine. For example, cases may be remanded when the appellate court decides that the trial judge committed a procedural error, excluded admissible evidence, or ruled improperly on a motion. In common law jurisdictions, remand refers to the adjournment (continuance) of criminal proceedings, when the accused is either remanded in custody or on bail. Appellate courts are said to remit matters to lower courts for further consideration.
Kanpur Central metro station
Kanpur Central is an underground terminal metro station on the east–west corridor of the Orange Line of Kanpur Metro station in Kanpur, India. The station was opened on 30 May 2025 as part of the Metro extension, between Chunniganj and Kanpur Central. It connects the Kanpur Central railway station with the metro network.

Orange Line (Kanpur Metro)
The Orange Line (Line 1) (Hindi: ऑरेंज लाइन) is a metro rail line of the Kanpur Metro, a rapid transit system in Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. The priority section of the line was inaugurated on 28 December 2021, by the prime minister of India, Narendra Modi. In the first phase, a 9 km (5.6 mi) section of the route was opened, which is fully elevated. Another 5 underground stations were opened on 30 May 2025 by PM Modi, making the total 16km operational. The total length of the route will be 23.8 km (14.8 mi) of which 15.2 km (9.4 mi) will be elevated, and 8.6 km (5.3 mi) will be underground. The line will have a total of 21 stations when the entire line is commissioned.
Jelili Ogunmuyiwa
Jelili Ogunmuyiwa (born March 31, 1979) is a Nigerian football referee who currently operates in the Nigeria Premier League and also international beach soccer tournaments. Born in Ikorodu, Lagos State, Jelili was selected to officiate the final match of the 2015 CAF Beach Soccer Championship between Senegal and Madagascar. Jelili officiated 4 matches at the 2015 FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup after he had previously officiated at the 2011 tournament.

Senegal national beach soccer team
The Senegal national beach soccer team represents Senegal in international beach soccer competitions and is controlled by the Senegalese Football Federation, the governing body for football in Senegal. It is the most successful African beach soccer team, having won eight times the Africa Beach Soccer Cup of Nations, more than any other national team.
Zalina Marghieva
Zalina Marghieva (Russian: Залина Сослановна Маргиева; born 5 February 1988) is a female hammer thrower who competes for Moldova. Born in Russia, she is the sister of Marina Marghieva and Serghei Marghiev, and is coached by her father Soslan.

As a junior, she finished fifth at the 2005 World Youth Championships, fourth at the 2006 World Junior Championships and fifth at the 2007 European Junior Championships. She then competed at the 2008 Olympic Games without reaching the final. At the 2009 European U23 Championships she won the gold medal.

She threw a personal best of 71.56 metres in January 2009 in Chişinău to break the national record. She improved this further at the 2011 national winter throws meeting in Chişinău, winning the event with a mark of 72.74 m.

Hammer throw
The hammer throw (Abbreviated as HT) is one of the four throwing events in regular outdoor track-and-field competitions, along with the discus throw, shot put and javelin.

The hammer used in this sport is not like any of the tools also called by that name. It consists of a metal ball attached by a steel wire to a grip. These three components are each separate and can move independently. Both the size and weight of the ball vary between men's and women's events. The men's hammer weighs 7.26 kilograms (16 lb) for college and professional meets; the women's hammer weighs 4 kilograms (8.8 lb).
Public Opinion (TV series)
Public Opinion was a television entertainment programme hosted by Gyles Brandreth, and produced by BBC Scotland.

The game involved six celebrities being faced with four words; the celebrities were asked what word best described one person in the group. The game was divided into four rounds; at the end of the game each celebrity made a decision as to who best represented all the four words. Gossip and revelations ensued until Brandreth revealed who 2,000 members of the general public thought was best represented by the four words.

The show was broadcast by BBC One from 6 September to 10 October 2004 for a total of 6 episodes.

Guest celebrities included Jim Bowen, Paul Daniels, Rhona Cameron, Uri Geller, David Soul, and Nick Bateman.

Nick Bateman (television personality)
Nicholas Bateman (born 5 November 1967), better known as Nasty Nick, is a British reality television star, media personality and radio presenter. He is best known for his controversial appearance on the first series of Big Brother UK.
Jorge Cortell
Jorge Cortell is an activist and commentator known for his opposition to the concept of Intellectual Property. He was forced to resign as visiting professor of the Polytechnic University of Valencia (UPV) after delivering a talk in the university where he defended copyleft and P2P networks, and criticized copyright and patents, defying pressure from the dean and the MPAA who tried to censor his talk.

Technical University of Valencia
The Polytechnic University of Valencia (Valencian: Universitat Politècnica de València; IPA: [univeɾsiˈtat poliˈtɛɡnika ðe vaˈlensi.a], Spanish: Universidad Politécnica de Valencia), shortened to UPV, is a Spanish university located in Valencia, with a focus on science, technology, and arts. It was founded in 1968 as the Higher Polytechnic School of Valencia and became a university in 1971, but some of its schools are more than 100 years old.
Dave's Picks Volume 18
Dave's Picks Volume 18 is a three-CD live album by the rock band the Grateful Dead.  It contains the complete concert recorded on July 17, 1976 at the Orpheum Theatre in San Francisco, California.  It was produced as a limited edition of 16,500 copies, and released on May 1, 2016.

The album also includes seven songs recorded live at the same venue the previous night.  A bonus disc, included with shipments of the album to 2016 Dave's Picks subscribers, contains eight more songs from the July 16 concert.

Mickey Hart
Mickey Hart (born Michael Steven Hartman, September 11, 1943) is an American percussionist. He is best known as one of the two drummers of the rock band Grateful Dead. He was a member of the Grateful Dead from September 1967 until February 1971, and again from October 1974 until their final show in July 1995. He and fellow Dead drummer Bill Kreutzmann earned the nickname "the rhythm devils".
University of Algiers 2
The University of Algiers 2 (French: Université d'Alger 2), commonly called the Abou El Kacem Saadallah, is an Algerian public university located in Bouzareah, Algiers Province, in the north of the country.

Created in 2009 after the division of the University of Algiers to three universities (University of Algiers 1, University of Algiers 2 and University of Algiers 3).

Algiers Province
Algiers Province (Arabic: ولاية الجزائر, romanized: Wilāyat al-Jazāʾir, pronounced [wilaːjat ald͡ʒazaːʔir]; French: wilaya d'Alger) is a province (wilayah) in Algeria, named after its capital, Algiers, which is also the national capital. It is the most populated province of Algeria, and also the smallest by area.

In 1984, Boumerdès Province and Tipaza Province were carved out of its territory.