hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Human parainfluenza viruses
Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) are the viruses that cause human parainfluenza. HPIVs are a paraphyletic group of four distinct single-stranded RNA viruses belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family. These viruses are closely associated with both human and veterinary disease. Virions are approximately 150–250 nm in size and contain negative sense RNA with a genome encompassing about 15,000 nucleotides.

The viruses can be detected via cell culture, immunofluorescent microscopy, and PCR. HPIVs lack antiviral drug options and vaccine, remain a major contributor toward the annual burden of hospitalisations among children younger than age 5—being second only to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in this regard—and are the predominant cause of laryngotracheobronchitis (also known as croup).

Serotype
A serotype or serovar is a distinct variation within a species of bacteria or virus or among immune cells of different individuals. These microorganisms, viruses, or cells are classified together based on their shared reactivity between their surface antigens and a particular antiserum, allowing the classification of organisms to a level below the species. A group of serovars with common antigens is called a serogroup or sometimes serocomplex.

Serotyping often plays an essential role in determining species and subspecies. The Salmonella genus of bacteria, for example, has been determined to have over 2600 serotypes. Vibrio cholerae, the species of bacteria that causes cholera, has over 200 serotypes, based on cell antigens. Only two of them have been observed to produce the potent enterotoxin that results in cholera: O1 and O139.

Serotypes were discovered in hemolytic streptococci by the American microbiologist Rebecca Lancefield in 1933.
TV Equatorial
TV Equatorial (channel 14) is a TV Cultura-affiliated station licensed to Macapá, the capital of the state of Amapá. The station is owned by Z Sistema Equatorial de Comunicação, owned by businessman José de Matos Costa, who also owns Rádio Equatorial and Equatorial FM.

TV Cultura
TV Cultura, or simply Cultura, is a free Brazilian non-commercial public television network headquartered in São Paulo and a part of Father Anchieta Foundation, a non-profit foundation funded by the São Paulo State Government. It focuses on educational and cultural subjects but also has sports as entertainment options.

According to research by the BBC and the British institute Populus, published in 2015, TV Cultura is the second highest quality channel in the world, behind only BBC One.
Jimenez Novia
The Jimenez Novia W16 is a French one off sports car built in 1995 by Ramon Jimenez, a French motorcycle racer from Vaucluse. It reportedly cost £600,000 ($855,000) and took ten years to develop. It features an aerodynamic body with center locking wheels, scissor doors and carbon fiber parts which Jimenez developed himself.

Centerlock wheel
A centerlock wheel is a type of automobile wheel in which the wheel is fastened to the axle using a single, central nut, instead of the more common ring of 4 or 5 lug nuts or bolts. It is mostly used in racing and high end sports cars.
Olga Malinkiewicz
Olga Malinkiewicz (Polish pronunciation: [ˈɔlɡa malinˈkjɛvit͡ʂ]; born 26 November 1982) is a Polish physicist, inventor and entrepreneur. She is known for inventing a method of producing solar cells based on perovskites using inkjet printing. She is a co-founder and the Chief Technology Officer at Saule Technologies. She is the recipient of two European Inventor Awards (2024).

Chief technology officer
A chief technology officer (CTO), chief technical officer, or chief technologist is a corporate officer tasked with managing technical operations of an organization. They oversee and supervise research and development and serve as a technical advisor to a higher executive such as a chief executive officer.

A CTO is very similar to a chief information officer (CIO). CTOs will make decisions for the overarching technology infrastructure that closely align with the organization's goals, while CIOs work alongside the organization's information technology ("IT") staff members to perform everyday operations. The attributes of the roles a CTO holds vary from one company to another, mainly depending on their organizational structure.
Klingel
Klingel is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Gilbert Klingel (1908–1983), naturalist, boatbuilder, adventurer, photographer, author, inventor, and contributor to the Baltimore Sun

Johannes Klingel, known for the Klingel's formula

John Klingel (born 1963), American football player

Hunting oscillation
Hunting oscillation is a self-oscillation, usually unwanted, about an equilibrium. The expression came into use in the 19th century and describes how a system "hunts" for equilibrium. The expression is used to describe phenomena in such diverse fields as electronics, aviation, biology, and railway engineering.
Morgan Hamm
Morgan Carl Hamm (born September 24, 1982 in Washburn, Wisconsin) is an American retired artistic gymnast and former member of the United States men's national artistic gymnastics team. He is an Olympic silver medalist in the team competition at the 2004 Olympics and a two-time Olympian (2000, 2004). He was a member of the silver-medal winning team at the 2003 World Championships. Hamm was named to the 2008 Olympic team but withdrew from it due to injury.

Gymnastics at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's artistic team all-around
These are the results of the men's artistic team all-around competition, one of eight events for male competitors of the artistic gymnastics discipline contested in the gymnastics at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens. The qualification and final rounds took place on August 14 and August 16 at the Olympic Indoor Hall.
Dermot O'Mahony
Dermot (Gunn) O'Mahony (2 April 1881 – 22 April 1960) was an Irish politician and farmer. He was first elected to Dáil Éireann as a Cumann na nGaedheal Teachta Dála (TD) for the Wicklow constituency at the June 1927 general election. He was re-elected at the September 1927, 1932 and 1933 general elections. He was re-elected at the 1937 general election as a Fine Gael TD. He lost his seat at the 1938 general election.

His father Pierce Charles de Lacy O'Mahony was an Irish Parliamentary Party Member of Parliament (MP) for North Meath from 1886 to 1892, and his great-grandfather Pierce Mahony was a Repeal MP for Kinsale from 1837 to 1838.

Pierce Mahony (Kinsale MP)
Pierce Mahony (19 December 1792 – 18 February 1853) was an Irish Repeal politician and Member of Parliament (MP) in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.

He was a close associate of Daniel O'Connell, and was elected for the Kinsale constituency at 1837 general election but unseated on petition in April 1838.
A. Mani (Ulundurpet MLA)
A. Mani was elected to the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from the Ulundurpet constituency in the 1996 elections. The constituency was reserved for candidates from the Scheduled Castes. He was a candidate of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) party.

1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election
The eleventh legislative assembly election of Tamil Nadu was held on 2 May 1996 to elect members from 234 constituencies for the state legislature. The Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) led front won the election securing 221 seats in the 234 seat Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly, and its leader M. Karunanidhi, became the chief minister.

In the tenth Tamil Nadu assembly, All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) held the majority with its leader J. Jayalalithaa as the chief minister. The elections resulted in a landslide defeat for the incumbent government, with the AIADMK winning only four seats. Outgoing chief minister Jayalalithaa lost the election from the Bargur, and became the first incumbent chief minister since M. Bakthavatsalam in 1967 to lose the elections.
Gwili Railway
The Gwili Railway (Welsh: Rheilffordd Gwili) is a Welsh heritage railway, that operates a preserved standard gauge railway line from the site of Abergwili Junction (near Carmarthen) in southwest Wales along a four-and-a-half-mile (7.2 km) section of the former Carmarthen to Aberystwyth line. The original railway closed in 1965, with the track being lifted in 1975.

Tank locomotive
A tank locomotive is a steam locomotive which carries its water in one or more on-board water tanks, instead of a more traditional tender. Most tank engines also have bunkers (or fuel tanks) to hold fuel; in a tender-tank locomotive a tender holds some or all of the fuel, and may hold some water also.

There are several different types of tank locomotive, distinguished by the position and style of the water tanks and fuel bunkers. The most common type has tanks mounted either side of the boiler. This type originated about 1840 and quickly became popular for industrial tasks, and later for shunting and shorter-distance main line duties.

Tank locomotives have advantages and disadvantages compared to traditional locomotives that required a separate tender to carry needed water and fuel.
Prince Alfred's Pass
Prince Alfred's Pass is reputed to be South Africa’s longest publicly accessible mountain pass (68Km).  The pass is named after Queen Victoria’s fourth child, Prince Alfred, who was the first member of the British Royal family to visit South Africa in 1860. The pass connected the Klein Karoo interior and towns like  Uniondale and the extended valley of Langkloof, with the coastal town of Knysna. The pass was constructed by Bain and 270 convict labourer’s between 1861 and 1867. This spectacular road  is considered one of Thomas Bain’s greatest engineering achievements and can be found on route R399.

Uniondale, South Africa
Uniondale is a small town in the Little Karoo in the Western Cape Province, South Africa. Its primary claim to fame is the ghost story of the Uniondale hitcher. The town is connected by the N9 road to George and the R339 road, down to Knysna.
Erigeron corymbosus
Erigeron corymbosus  is a North American species of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae known by the common name long-leaf fleabane. It is found in western Canada (British Columbia) and the western United States (Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Utah).

Erigeron corymbosus  is a perennial herb up to 50 cm (20 inches) tall, forming a taproot. Each branch produces an array of up to 16 flower heads, each head with 35–65 blue or pink ray florets plus numerous yellow disc florets.

Taproot
A taproot is a large, central, and dominant root from which other roots sprout laterally and horizontally. Typically, a taproot is somewhat straight and very thick, is tapering in shape, and grows directly downward. In some plants, such as the carrot, the taproot is a storage organ so well developed that it has been cultivated as a vegetable.

The taproot system contrasts with the adventitious- or fibrous-root system of plants with many branched roots, but many plants that grow a taproot during germination go on to develop branching root structures, although some that rely on the main root for storage may retain the dominant taproot for centuries—for example, Welwitschia.
Musée des Lettres et Manuscrits
The Musée des Lettres et Manuscrits (Museum of Letters and Manuscripts) was a museum of letters and manuscripts located at 222 Boulevard Saint-Germain in the 7th arrondissement of Paris, France, as well as in Brussels. It closed in 2014 after its owner Gérard Lhéritier and his company Aristophil were investigated for allegedly running the museum as an illegal Ponzi scheme.

Letter (message)
A letter is a written message conveyed from one person (or group of people) to another through a medium. Something epistolary means that it is a form of letter writing. The term usually excludes written material intended to be read in its original form by large numbers of people, such as newspapers and placards, although even these may include material in the form of an "open letter". The typical form of a letter for many centuries, and the archetypal concept even today, is a sheet (or several sheets) of paper that is sent to a correspondent through a postal system. A letter can be formal or informal, depending on its audience and purpose. Besides being a means of communication and a store of information, letter writing has played a role in the reproduction of writing as an art throughout history. Letters have been sent since antiquity and are mentioned in the Iliad. Historians Herodotus and Thucydides mention and use letters in their writings.
2025 Tour Challenge
The 2025 Co-op Tour Challenge was held from October 14 to 19 with the Tier 1 event taking place at the Silent Ice Arena in Nisku, Alberta, and the U25 event taking place at the Beaumont Curling Club in Beaumont, Alberta. It was the second Grand Slam event of the 2025–26 curling season. This season, Grand Slam of Curling decided to host both a U25 Jr. GSOC Tour Challenge men's and women's event, instead of a Tier 2 event as in previous seasons, to showcase the future of the sport and support the transition of teams from juniors to men's/women's play. The finals of the U25 event were also held at the Silent Ice Arena simultaneously with the men's and women's finals of the Tier 1 event.

UTC−06:00
UTC−06:00 is an identifier for a time offset from UTC of −06:00. 
In North America, it is observed in the Central Time Zone during standard time, and in the Mountain Time Zone during the other eight months (see daylight saving time). Several Latin American countries and a few other places use it year-round.
Bhopal Tablighi Ijtema
Bhopal Tablighi Ijtema is an annual Islamic Ijtema (congregation) or Aalmi Ijtema held in Bhopal, India.

The first ijtema was organised in 1949 at Masjid Shakoor Khan in Bhopal's old walled city. After the event grew, the venue was changed to Taj-ul-Masajid . Since 2005 because of the heavy crowd the venue has been shifted to Ghasipura, 11 km from Bhopal.

Ghasipura
Ghasipura, previously known as Ghasipada, is a census village and part of Anandapur is also an administrative block in Khaparakhai of Anandapur MPL in the Anandapur Subdivision of Kendujhar District, Odisha, India. The whole block comprises 179 villages including the village Ghasipura.
Northwest Branch Trail
38°56′44″N 76°56′31″W﻿ / ﻿38.94556°N 76.94194°W﻿ / 38.94556; -76.94194

The Northwest Branch Trail is a 21-mile (34 km) multi-use (hiking, biking, equestrian) trail that follows the Northwest Branch of the Anacostia River in the Maryland suburbs of Washington DC. It is part of the Rachel Carson Greenway and the Anacostia Tributary Trail System. It runs between the Layhill neighborhood of Silver Spring and Bladensburg in Montgomery and Prince George's County, Maryland, USA.

Montgomery County, Maryland
Montgomery County is the most populous county in the U.S. state of Maryland. As of the 2020 United States census, the county's population was 1,062,061, increasing by 9.3% from 2010. The county seat is Rockville, while its most populous place is Germantown. The county is adjoined to Washington, D.C., the nation's capital, and is part of the Washington metropolitan area and the Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area. Most of the county's residents live in Silver Spring, Bethesda, Germantown, and the incorporated cities of Rockville and Gaithersburg.

The average household income in Montgomery County is the 20th-highest among U.S. counties as of 2020.

The county has the highest percentage (29.2%) of residents over 25 years of age who hold post-graduate degrees. Like other counties in the Washington metropolitan area, the county has several U.S. government offices, scientific research and learning centers, and business campuses.
ISO 3166-2:BN
ISO 3166-2:BN is the entry for Brunei in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.

Currently for Brunei, ISO 3166-2 codes are defined for four districts.

Each code consists of two parts, separated by a hyphen. The first part is BN, the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code of Brunei. The second part is two letters.

Standardization
Standardization (American English) or standardisation (British English) is the process of implementing and developing technical standards based on the consensus of different parties that include firms, users, interest groups, standards organizations and governments. Standardization can help maximize compatibility, interoperability, safety, repeatability, efficiency, and quality. It can also facilitate a normalization of formerly custom processes.

In social sciences, including economics, the idea of standardization is close to the solution for a coordination problem, a situation in which all parties can realize mutual gains, but only by making mutually consistent decisions. Divergent national standards impose costs on consumers and can be a form of non-tariff trade barrier.
OPC-64005
OPC-64005 is a serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor (SNDRI), or "triple reuptake inhibitor" (TRI), which is under development for the treatment of major depressive disorder. It was also under development for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but development for this indication was discontinued. It is taken by mouth.

As of December 2022, OPC-64005 is in phase 2 clinical trials for major depressive disorder. It reached phase 2 clinical trials for ADHD prior to the discontinuation of its development for this use. It completed a phase 2 clinical trial for ADHD comparing it with placebo and atomoxetine, but the results of this trial were not disclosed. The drug is under development by Otsuka Pharmaceutical. It is a small molecule, but its chemical structure does not appear to have been disclosed.

Chemical structure
A chemical structure of a molecule is a spatial arrangement of its atoms and their chemical bonds. Its determination includes a chemist's specifying the molecular geometry and, when feasible and necessary, the electronic structure of the target molecule or other solid. Molecular geometry refers to the spatial arrangement of atoms in a molecule and the chemical bonds that hold the atoms together and can be represented using structural formulae and by molecular models; complete electronic structure descriptions include specifying the occupation of a molecule's molecular orbitals. Structure determination can be applied to a range of targets from very simple molecules (e.g., diatomic oxygen or nitrogen) to very complex ones (e.g., such as protein or DNA).
Swinton, South Yorkshire
Swinton is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Rotherham, in South Yorkshire, England on the west bank of the River Don. It has a population of 15,559 (2011). The town is five miles north-northeast of the larger town of Rotherham and south-west of Mexborough. The original junior and infant school building built in 1852 on Church Street (formerly Fitzwilliam School) still exists, and is being converted into residential apartments called Fitzwilliam Lodge.

River Don, Yorkshire
The River Don (also called River Dun in some stretches) is a river in South Yorkshire and the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It rises in the Pennines, west of Dunford Bridge, and flows for 69 miles (111 km) eastwards, through the Don Valley, via Penistone, Sheffield, Rotherham, Mexborough, Conisbrough, Doncaster and Stainforth. It originally joined the Trent, but was re-engineered by Cornelius Vermuyden as the Dutch River in the 1620s, and now joins the River Ouse at Goole. Don Valley is a UK parliamentary constituency near the Doncaster stretch of the river.
Killer Diller (1948 film)
Killer Diller is a 1948 American musical comedy race film directed by Josh Binney and released by All American. Academic and comedienne Eddie Tafoya wrote that "Killer Diller is really more concerned with showcasing black talent appearing at Harlem's legendary Apollo Theater than it is with providing audiences with a satisfying story."  The movie features The Clark Brothers (tap dancers), Nat King Cole, Moms Mabley, Dusty Fletcher, Butterfly McQueen, the Andy Kirk Orchestra and the Four Congaroos (dancing the Lindy Hop). René J. Hall was the film's arranger.

René Hall
René Joseph Hall (September 26, 1912 – February 11, 1988) was an American guitarist and arranger.   He was among the most important behind-the-scenes figures in early rock and roll, but his career spanned the period from the late 1920s to the late 1980s, and encompassed multiple musical styles.
Hugonia planchonii
Hugonia planchonii is a liana with bright yellow flowers that are short-lived and stems producing alternate hooks that is endemic to countries in Tropical West Africa but also occurs in Cameroon and Gabon. It is within the Linaceae family.

In traditional medicine, leaves are obtained to make a regimen to treat bronchitis or cough

Liana
A liana (/liˈænə/ lee-ANN-ə, also /-ɑːnə/ -⁠AH-nə) is a long-stemmed woody vine that is rooted in the soil at ground level and uses trees, as well as other means of vertical support, to climb up to the canopy in search of direct sunlight. The word liana does not refer to a taxonomic grouping, but rather a habit of plant growth—much like tree or shrub. It comes from standard French liane, itself from an Antilles French dialect word meaning 'to sheave'.
Duke Nelson
Walter John "Duke" Nelson (April 26, 1907 – October 22, 1989) was an American college athletics coach and administrator. He was the head American football coach at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) from 1939 to 1941 and at Middlebury College from 1946 to 1968 compiling a career college football coaching record of 98–81–12. At Middlebury, he teams won back-to-back Vermont State Conference championships in 1948 and 1949. Nelson graduated from Middlebury in 1932.

Middlebury College
Middlebury College is a private liberal arts college in Middlebury, Vermont, United States. Founded in 1800 by Congregationalists, Middlebury was the first operating college or university in Vermont.

In the fall of 2024, the college enrolled 2,760 undergraduates from all 50 states and 74 countries and offers 45 majors in the arts and humanities as well as joint engineering programs. In addition to its undergraduate liberal arts program, the school also has graduate schools, the Middlebury College Language Schools, the Bread Loaf School of English, and the Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey, as well as its C.V. Starr-Middlebury Schools Abroad international programs. Middlebury's 31 varsity teams are the Middlebury Panthers and compete in the NCAA Division III's New England Small College Athletic Conference.
Peter Karlsson (table tennis)
Karl Peter Karlsson (born 29 May 1969) is a Swedish table tennis player and coach. He was 1991 World Champion in men's doubles (with Thomas von Scheele), and 2000 European Champion in men's singles. He is married to Åsa Karlsson.

Åsa Karlsson
Åsa Ulrika Karlsson (née Burman; born 1973) is a Swedish politician, teacher and member of the Riksdag, the national legislature. A member of the Social Democratic Party, she has represented Västerbotten County since September 2018.

Karlsson is the daughter of factory worker Henry Burman and Ingrid Burman (née Söderström). She was educated in Skellefteå and has a teaching degree from Mid Sweden University. She has worked as a child minder and school teacher.
Namea flavomaculata
Namea flavomaculata is a species of mygalomorph spider in the Anamidae family. It is endemic to Australia. It was described in 1918 by Australian arachnologists William Joseph Rainbow and Robert Henry Pulleine.

Mygalomorphae
The Mygalomorphae, or mygalomorphs, are an infraorder of spiders, and comprise one of three major groups of living spiders with over 3,000 species, found on all continents except Antarctica. Many members are known as trapdoor spiders due to their creation of trapdoors over their burrows. Other prominent groups include Australian funnel web spiders and tarantulas, with the latter accounting for around one third of all mygalomorphs.