hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Continuous-rod warhead
A continuous-rod warhead is a specialized munition exhibiting an annular blast fragmentation pattern, thus when exploding it spreads into a large circle cutting through the target. It is used in anti-aircraft and anti-missile missiles.

Missile defense
Missile defense is a system, weapon, or technology involved in the detection, tracking, interception, and also the destruction of attacking missiles. Conceived as a defense against nuclear-armed intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs), its application has broadened to include shorter-ranged non-nuclear tactical and theater missiles.

China, France, India, Iran, Israel, Italy, Russia, Taiwan, the United Kingdom and the United States have all developed such air defense systems.
Eamonn Bannon
Eamonn John Bannon (born 18 April 1958) is a Scottish former international footballer who played in midfield. His most successful seasons were with Dundee United where he won two league cups and the 1983 League Championship. Numerous runs with United in European football included playing in the 1983–84 European Cup semi final and the 1987 UEFA Cup Final.

He began his career at Hearts in the mid-1970s before having a brief spell at Chelsea. He rejoined Hearts in 1988, where he remained for a further five years. He also managed Falkirk for a few months in 1996.

Bannon gained 11 Scotland caps and played at the 1986 FIFA World Cup in Mexico.

1983–84 European Cup
The 1983–84 European Cup was the 29th season of the European Cup, UEFA's premier club football competition. The tournament was won for a fourth time by Liverpool in a penalty shootout in the final against Roma. The game had finished 1–1. Phil Neal had scored for Liverpool and Roberto Pruzzo for Roma. It was the seventh title in eight seasons for English clubs.

Hamburg, the defending champions, were eliminated by Dinamo București in the second round.
Stollhofen
Stollhofen is a town in the Rheinmünster municipality, Rastatt district, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.  It lies on the river Sulzbach, and was first mentioned in documents in 1154 and given city status in the 13th century.

It gives its name to the Lines of Stollhofen, a 10-mile defensive line between Stollhofen and Bühl constructed in 1703 during the War of the Spanish Succession.  The town was captured in 1707 and its fortifications demolished.

Sulzbach (Rhine)
Sulzbach (German pronunciation: [ˈzʊltsbax] ⓘ) is a river of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is a right tributary of the Rhine. It passes through Sulzburg and Heitersheim, and flows into the Rhine near Hartheim am Rhein.
Djevojka sa juga
Djevojka sa juga (English: Girl from the South) is the fourth studio album by Bosnian-Serbian recording artist Maya Berovic, released on 17 October 2012. It is her first release with City Records after she had left BN Music. The record was written and produced by several artists, most notably Damir Handanović.

The lead single, "Leti ptico slobodno", was released with a music video on 25 June 2012. A music video for "Mama mama" was uploaded on 10 October 2012.

RTV BN
RTV BN (Cyrillic: PTB БH) is a Bosnian radio-television company based in Bijeljina. The company was founded on 5 May 1998 as VIP Productions before renaming to RTV BN in 2009. RTV BN is currently the highest rated TV channel in Republika Srpska entity of BiH. RTV BN has over 200 employees with news correspondents in BiH, Belgrade, London, US and Vienna, as well as other cities. RTV BN is currently available in Europe, North America (USA and Canada), Australia, and New Zealand via satellite.
Shvana
Shvana (Sanskrit: श्वान, romanized: Śvāna), a Sanskrit word meaning a dog, finds repeated references in Vedic and later Hindu mythology, and such references include the following:

The female dog of Indra, a Vedic god, is named Sarama, and it is mentioned in the Rigveda. Its offspring became the watchdogs of Yama, Sharvara and Shyama.

Yudhishthira, one of the Pandavas, insisted that he be allowed to enter Svarga (heaven) with the dog that had followed him from their advent to Svarga. The dog transformed itself into its true identity of Dharma.

Deities like Rudra, Nirriti, and Virabhadra are associated with dogs.

Shiva, in his aspect as Bhairava, has a dog as a vahana (vehicle) (mentioned in the Mahabharata).

Khandoba, a deity, is associated with a dog on which he rides.

Dattatreya is associated with four dogs, considered to symbolise the four Vedas.

Rudra
Rudra (Sanskrit: रुद्र, IPA: [rud̪rɐ]) is a Rigvedic deity associated with Shiva, the wind or storms, Vayu, medicine, and the hunt. One translation of the name is 'the roarer'. In the Rigveda, Rudra is praised as the "mightiest of the mighty". Rudra means "who eradicates problems from their roots". Depending upon the period, the name Rudra can be interpreted as 'the most severe roarer/howler' or 'the most frightening one'. This name appears in the Shiva Sahasranama, and R. K. Sharma notes that it is often used as a name of Shiva in later languages. The "Shri Rudram" hymn from the Yajurveda is dedicated to Rudra and is important in the Shaivite sect. In the Prathama Anuvaka of Namakam (Taittiriya Samhita 4.5), Rudra is revered as Sadasiva (meaning 'mighty Shiva') and Mahadeva. Sadashiva is the Supreme Being, Paramashiva, in the Siddhanta sect of Shaivism.
Critical ionization velocity
Critical ionization velocity (CIV), or critical velocity (CV), is the relative velocity between a neutral gas and plasma (an ionized gas), at which the neutral gas will start to ionize. If more energy is supplied, the velocity of the atoms or molecules will not exceed the critical ionization velocity until the gas becomes almost fully ionized.

The phenomenon was predicted by Swedish engineer and plasma scientist, Hannes Alfvén, in connection with his model on the origin of the Solar System (1942). At the time, no known mechanism was available to explain the phenomenon, but the theory was subsequently demonstrated in the laboratory. Subsequent research by Brenning and Axnäs (1988) have suggested that a lower hybrid plasma instability is involved in transferring energy from the larger ions to electrons so that they have sufficient energy to ionize. Application of the theory to astronomy through a number of experiments have produced mixed results.

Gas
Gas is a state of matter with neither fixed volume nor fixed shape. It is a compressible form of fluid, in contrast to a liquid. A pure gas consists of individual atoms (e.g. a noble gas like neon), or molecules (e.g. oxygen (O2) or carbon dioxide). Pure gases can also be mixed together such as in the air. What distinguishes gases from liquids and solids is the vast separation of the individual gas particles. This separation can make some gases invisible to the human observer.

The gaseous state of matter occurs between the liquid and plasma states, the latter of which provides the upper-temperature boundary for gases. Bounding the lower end of the temperature scale lie degenerative quantum gases which are gaining increasing attention.
High-density atomic gases super-cooled to very low temperatures are classified by their statistical behavior as either Bose gases or Fermi gases. For a comprehensive listing of these exotic states of matter, see list of states of matter.
Kvernberg
Kvernberg is a Norwegian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Jorun Marie Kvernberg (born 1979), Norwegian traditional musician and composer

Ola Kvernberg (born 1981), Norwegian jazz musician

Jorun Marie Kvernberg
Jorun Marie Rypdal Kvernberg (born 10 July 1979) is a Norwegian traditional musician (hardingfele, violin, vocals) and composer, known from a series of recordings. She is the daughter of traditional musicians Liv Rypdal Kvernberg and Torbjørn Kvernberg, and the sister of classical musician Kari Kvernberg Dajani and jazz violinist Ola Kvernberg, and granddaughter of the fiddler and traditional music composer Peter L. Rypdal.
Radna, Sevnica
Radna (pronounced [ˈɾaːdna]) is a settlement in the Municipality of Sevnica in east-central Slovenia. It lies at the confluence of the Mirna River and the Sava River in the historical region of Lower Carniola. The municipality is now included in the Lower Sava Statistical Region.

The village was historically named Tariška vas. There is a large 17th-century mansion in the settlement.

Mirna (Sava)
The Mirna is a river in southeastern Slovenia. The river is a right tributary of the Sava River in the province of Lower Carniola. It is 44 kilometers (27 mi) long, starts below the settlement of Velika Preska, flows through the Mirna Valley and joins the Sava at Dolenji Boštanj, opposite Sevnica.

The largest settlement on the river is the town of Mirna. The river is traversed by the Sevnica–Trebnje Railway. The river was mentioned for the first time in 1028 in relation to a 1016 document by Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor.

Mirna is the river in which the marathon swimmer Martin Strel first learned to swim.
Cruise of the Special Service Squadron
In 1923–24, battlecruisers HMS Hood, HMS Repulse and the Special Service Squadron sailed around the world on The Empire Cruise, making many ports of call in the countries which had fought together during the First World War. The squadron departed Devonport on 27 November 1923 and headed for Sierra Leone. Returning from the Pacific, the battlecruisers passed through the Panama Canal, while the light cruisers rounded Cape Horn. The cruise aimed to promote the power of the Royal Navy and demonstrate its post-war logistical capabilities.

HMS Dunedin
HMS Dunedin was a Danae-class light cruiser of the Royal Navy, pennant number D93.  She was launched from the yards of Armstrong Whitworth, Newcastle-on-Tyne on 19 November 1918 and commissioned on 13 September 1919.  She has been the only ship of the Royal Navy to bear the name Dunedin (named after the capital of Scotland, generally Anglicised as Edinburgh).
Bellechasse (Province of Canada electoral district)
Bellechasse was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly of the Parliament of the Province of Canada, in Canada East. It was created by the Union Act, 1840 in 1841, based on the previous electoral district of the same name for the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada. It was located in the current Chaudière-Appalaches area.

Bellechasse was represented by one Member at the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada. It was abolished in 1867, upon the creation of Canada and the province of Quebec.

Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada
The Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada was the lower house of the bicameral structure of provincial government in Lower Canada until 1838. The legislative assembly was created by the Constitutional Act of 1791. The lower house consisted of elected legislative councilors who created bills to be passed up to the Legislative Council of Lower Canada, whose members were appointed by the governor general.

Following the Lower Canada Rebellion, the lower house was dissolved on March 27, 1838, and Lower Canada was administered by an appointed Special Council. With the Act of Union in 1840, a new lower chamber, the Legislative Assembly of Canada, was created for both Upper and Lower Canada which existed  until 1867, when the Legislative Assembly of Quebec was created.
Almholme
Almholme is a hamlet in South Yorkshire, England. It was in the parish of Arksey, and is now in Bentley with Arksey unparished area.

The term 'holme' relates to the hamlet being located in a low and level pasture near water; the River Don is to the east and to the north is Thorpe Marsh Nature Reserve.

River Don, Yorkshire
The River Don (also called River Dun in some stretches) is a river in South Yorkshire and the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It rises in the Pennines, west of Dunford Bridge, and flows for 69 miles (111 km) eastwards, through the Don Valley, via Penistone, Sheffield, Rotherham, Mexborough, Conisbrough, Doncaster and Stainforth. It originally joined the Trent, but was re-engineered by Cornelius Vermuyden as the Dutch River in the 1620s, and now joins the River Ouse at Goole. Don Valley is a UK parliamentary constituency near the Doncaster stretch of the river.
T. R. Otsuka
T.  R. Ōtsuka 大塚 太郎 (Ōtsuka Tarō) (1868 – c. 1940s?) was a Japanese garden builder. After emigrating from Japan to the United States in 1897 and moving to Chicago around 1905, he built dozens of Japanese-style gardens and rock gardens, mostly in the Midwest, between 1905 and the mid-1930s. His most notable projects were the Japanese-style garden of George and Nelle Fabyan in Geneva, Illinois (c. 1910); the Japanese Garden at Stan Hywet in Akron, Ohio (1916); the garden of Milton Tootle, Jr. in Mackinac Island, Michigan (before 1910); and the official Japanese pavilion garden at the 1933–1934 Century of Progress Exposition in Chicago, Illinois.: 212

Geneva, Illinois
Geneva is a city in and the county seat of Kane County, Illinois, United States. It is located in the far western side of the Chicago suburbs. Per the 2020 census, the population was 21,393.

Geneva is part of a tri-city area, located between St. Charles and Batavia. The area experienced rapid population growth from the late 1980s through the mid-2000s as the Chicago suburbs spread to the west.

Geneva is located along the Fox River. Portions of the Fox River Trail and the Illinois Prairie Path pass through Geneva. The Fabyan Windmill, a Dutch windmill dating from the 1850s, is located here.
Karen Goodman
Karen Goodman is an American film and television director and producer, best known for her work on various documentaries. She has been nominated for an Academy Award in the Best Documentary (Short Subject) category four times for The Children's Storefront (1988), Chimps: So Like Us (1990), Rehearsing a Dream (2007), and Strangers No More (2010). Goodman won once for producing and directing Strangers No More at the 83rd Academy Awards. The win was shared with Kirk Simon, with whom she worked on Chimps: So Like Us and Rehearsing a Dream as well. She has further received four Primetime Emmy nominations, winning once for Masterclass in 2014.

Academy Award for Best Documentary Short Film
This is a list of films by year that have received an Academy Award together with the other nominations for best documentary short film. Following the Academy's practice, the year listed for each film is the year of release: the awards are announced and presented early in the following year. Copies of every winning film (along with copies of most nominees) are held by the Academy Film Archive. Fifteen films are shortlisted before nominations are announced.
Salikata National Park
Salikata National Park is a protected area of the Philippines located in the municipality of Lumba-Bayabao, Lanao del Sur in Mindanao Island. Nestled in the thickly forested foothills of the Mount Ragang range (also known as the Piapayungan mountain range), the park is one of the six national parks in the province of Lanao del Sur declared in 1965. The area is characterized by waterfalls, river gorge, rocky cliffs and dense canopy stretching the length of the Gata River valley from barangay Salaman to Mapantao near the provincial border with Cotabato.

Mount Ragang
Mount Ragang, also called Mount Piagayungan and Blue Mountain by the local people, is an active stratovolcano on Mindanao island in the Philippines. With an elevation of 2,815 metres (9,236 ft), it is the seventh highest mountain in the Philippines and the highest point in the Lanao del Sur province.
Champhai district
Champhai district is one of the eleven districts of Mizoram state in India. The district is bounded on the north by Churachandpur district of Manipur state, on the west by Saitual and Serchhip districts, and on the south and east by Myanmar. The district occupies an area of 3,185.83 km2 (1,230.06 sq mi). Champhai town is the administrative headquarters of the district.

Champhai
Champhai is the third largest town in Mizoram, northeast India and is one of the oldest settlements founded by the Mizo people that initially served as a capital for the Hmar dynasty. Located near the India–Myanmar border, it facilitates cross-border trade and serves as a hub for trade and commerce in the region.

Unlike most urban places in Mizoram, Champhai is situated in a valley and on top of a small hill. It is situated at an elevation of approximately 1,678 meters (5,505 feet) above sea level. It had an estimated population of 44,000 in 2023.
Melanohalea columbiana
Melanohalea columbiana is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It was described as a new species in 2016. The type was collected at the Rock Creek (Palouse River tributary) of the Channeled Scablands, where it was found growing on a species of hawthorne. The specific epithet columbiana refers to its occurrence in the Columbia River drainage basin and Columbian Plateau. The lichen has been recorded from Idaho, Washington, Central Oregon, and a single locale in the Peninsular Ranges in Southern California. It is morphologically similar to Melanohalea multispora, but is genetically distinct from that species.

Columbia River drainage basin
The Columbia River drainage basin is the drainage basin of the Columbia River in the Pacific Northwest region of North America. It covers 668,000 km2 or 258,000 sq mi. In common usage, the term often refers to a smaller area, generally the portion of the drainage basin that lies within eastern Washington.

Usage of the term "Columbia Basin" in British Columbia generally refers only to the immediate basins of the Columbia and Kootenay Rivers and excludes that of the Okanagan, Kettle and Similkameen Rivers.
Woodlawn Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)
Woodlawn Cemetery is a historic cemetery in the Benning Ridge neighborhood of Washington, D.C., in the United States. The 22.5-acre (91,000 m2) cemetery contains approximately 36,000 burials, nearly all of them African Americans. The cemetery was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 20, 1996.

Benning Ridge
Benning Ridge is a residential neighborhood located in Southeast Washington, D.C. It is bounded by Fort Chaplin Park to the northwest, Southern Avenue to the south, Benning Road to the east, and Ridge Road SE to the west. Benning Ridge is an unusual neighborhood for its location east of the Anacostia River: although it is surrounded by working-class and low-income African American neighborhoods, Benning Ridge is rather affluent, with a diverse population of middle- and upper-middle-class white and black residents. As of 2015 the neighbourhood was one of the top ten most liberal neighbourhoods in Washington D.C..
Builder Brothers Dream Factory
Builder Brothers Dream Factory is a Canadian animated children's television series which premiered March 26, 2023, on Treehouse TV. Created in collaboration with Drew Scott and Jonathan Silver Scott of the Property Brothers television franchise, the series centres on animated versions of the Scott brothers as children, using their imagination and creativity to try to help their neighbourhood solve problems.

The voice cast features Kai Harris as Jonathan and Christian Corrao as Drew, as well as Meadow Kingfisher, Desmond Sivan, Laelani Chanel Croan, Naomi Snieckus, Mercedez Gutierrez, Angelique Lazarus, Liam McKenna and Emily Watt in supporting roles.

Treehouse TV
Treehouse TV (commonly known as Treehouse) is a Canadian English-language discretionary specialty channel that launched on November 1, 1997, as the first full-day preschool-oriented channel in Canada. It is owned by YTV Canada, Inc., a subsidiary of Corus Entertainment, and was named after sister network YTV's former programming block, "The Treehouse".

When Treehouse TV first launched, it aired daily from 6 a.m. to 3 a.m., before switching to a 24-hour schedule sometime before 2003. In addition to producing its own original series, the channel carries third-party preschool programs from various international markets. Much like YTV, the majority of Treehouse's acquired content came from Nickelodeon (through its Nick Jr. preschool brand) until 2025, when its rights to broadcast Nickelodeon programming expired. It also airs shows from Sesame Workshop and PBS Kids.

As of 2011, Treehouse TV was available to over 7.5 million homes across Canada.
Mass surveillance in China
Mass surveillance in the People's Republic of China (PRC) is the network of monitoring systems used by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and Chinese government to monitor Chinese citizens. China maintains the largest and most sophisticated mass surveillance system in the world. It is primarily conducted through the government, although corporate surveillance in connection with the CCP and Chinese government also has been reported. China monitors its citizens through Internet surveillance, camera surveillance, and through other digital technologies. The surveillance has become increasingly widespread and grown in sophistication under General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party Xi Jinping's administration.

China Immigration Inspection
China Immigration Inspection (CII; 中国边检) was China's entry port immigration checkpoints law enforcement service from 1998 to 2024, managed by the national immigration management authorities of the Ministry of Public Security. On 1 December 2024, CII was officially merged into the newly established National Immigration Administration (NIA). The old seal was officially disposed of and all staff uniforms re-branded to the new seal of the NIA.
Joseph W. Herbert
Joseph William Herbert (27 November 1863–18 February 1923) was a British-born American director, silent-film actor, singer and dramatist notable for being the first person to play Ko-Ko in America in a pirate production of Gilbert and Sullivan's The Mikado (1885) before joining D'Oyly Carte Opera Company touring companies across America (1885–1890).

Wallack's Theatre
Three New York City playhouses named Wallack's Theatre played an important part in the history of American theater as the successive homes of the stock company managed by actors James W. Wallack and his son, Lester Wallack. During its 35-year lifetime, from 1852 to 1887, that company developed and held a reputation as the best theater company in the country.

Each theater operated under other names and managers after (and in one case before) the Wallack company's tenure. All three are demolished.
Esther Cremer
Esther Cremer (born 29 March 1988 in Cologne) is a German athlete who specialises in the 400 metres.

She came fifth in the 2009 World Championships in Athletics – Women's 4 × 400 metres relay, and won silver relay medals at the 2009 European Athletics U23 Championships and the 2010 European Team Championships.

2010 European Team Championships
The second SPAR European Team Championships took place on 19 and 20 June 2010. The track and field athletics tournament run by European Athletics was the successor of the old European Cup competition which was held annually until 2008.
The 2010 Super League was once again won by Russia, with Great Britain second, and Germany finishing in third.
Tira Qullu
Tira Qullu (Aymara tira cradle, qullu mountain, "cradle mountain", also spelled Tira Kkollu) is a 4,832-metre-high (15,853 ft) mountain in the western extension of the Cordillera Real in the Andes of Bolivia. It is located in the La Paz Department, Los Andes Province, Pucarani Municipality. Tira Qullu lies between the lakes Sura Quta and Taypi Chaka Quta in the west and Juri Quta in the east. It is situated south-west of the mountains Jach'a Jipiña and Milluni.

La Paz Department (Bolivia)
The La Paz Department of Bolivia comprises 133,985 square kilometres (51,732 sq mi) with a 2024 census population of 3,022,566 inhabitants. It is situated at the western border of Bolivia, sharing Lake Titicaca with the neighboring Peru. It contains the Cordillera Real mountain range, which reaches altitudes of 6.6 kilometers (22,000 ft). Northeast of the Cordillera Real are the Yungas, the steep eastern slopes of the Andes Mountains that make the transition to the Amazon River basin to the northeast. The capital of the department is the city of La Paz and is the administrative city and seat of government/national capital of Bolivia.