hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of Kosmach
The Battle of Kosmach (Ukrainian: Бої під Космачем; 30 January — 5 February, 1945) was fought between the 31st, 33rd, 87th Frontier Detachments, 256th Regiment of the NKVD in the Ministry of the Internal Affairs of the Soviet Union under the command of Aleksey Dergachev against the Armed Units “Skazheni”, “Hutsulskyi”, “Haydamaky” and “Pidkarpatskyi” of the 4th Operational Group “Hoverla” in the Western Operational Group of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army under the command of Myroslav Symsych and Pavlo Vatsyk in the Kosiv Raion of the Stanislav Oblast.

Military organization
Military organization (AE) or military organisation (BE) is the structuring of the armed forces of a state so as to offer such military capability as a national defense policy may require. Formal military organization tends to use hierarchical forms (see Modern hierarchy for terminology and approximate troop strength per hierarchical unit).

In some countries, paramilitary forces are included in a nation's armed forces, though not considered military. Armed forces that are not a part of military or paramilitary organizations, such as insurgent forces, often emulate military organizations, or use these structures.
Bolton's Theatre Club
Bolton's Theatre Club in Drayton Gardens, Brompton, London launched in 1947 in a building originally opened in 1911 as the Radium Picture Playhouse. By operating as a club where membership was obligatory, the theatre was able to stage plays which might otherwise be prohibited under the Theatres Act 1843. Many of its plays transferred to the West End.

After closure and conversion the building was reopened in 1955 as the Paris Pullman Cinema, which showed art-house films until its final closure and demolition in 1983. James Quinn was one of its directors.

Theatres Act 1843
The Theatres Act 1843 (6 & 7 Vict. c. 68) (also known as the Theatre Regulation Act 1843) was an act in the United Kingdom.  It amended the regime established under the Licensing Act 1737 (10 Geo. 2. c. 28) for the licensing of the theatre in Great Britain, implementing the proposals made by a select committee of the House of Commons in 1832.

The act restricted the powers of the Lord Chamberlain, so that he could only prohibit the performance of plays where he was of the opinion that "it is fitting for the preservation of good manners, decorum or of the public peace so to do".  It also gave additional powers to local authorities to license theatres, breaking the monopoly of the patent theatres and encouraging the development of popular theatrical entertainments, such as saloon theatres attached to public houses and music halls.
Gateway Athletic Conference
The Gateway Athletic Conference is a Missouri State High School Activities Association recognized high school extracurricular league which includes sixteen schools located in the suburbs of St. Louis. The conference is divided into three divisions based on enrollment. The North division includes schools with smaller enrollment, the Central division for medium enrollment schools, and the South division for larger enrollment schools. Schools in the conference are located in St. Charles, Lincoln, Warren and Franklin counties in Missouri

Franklin County, Missouri
Franklin County is located in the U.S. state of Missouri. At the 2020 census, the population was 104,682. Its county seat is Union. The county was organized in 1818 and is named after Founding Father Benjamin Franklin. Franklin County is part of the St. Louis, MO-IL Metropolitan Statistical Area and contains some of the city's exurbs. It is located along the south side of the Missouri River. The county has wineries that are included in the Hermann AVA (American Viticultural Area) and is part of the region known as the Missouri Rhineland, which extends on both sides of the Missouri River.
Luis Carrasco
Luis Andrés Carrasco (born October 2, 1963, in Mérida, Yucatán) is a Mexican skeleton racer who competed from 1994 to 2002. He finished 25th in the men's skeleton event at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City.

Carrasco's best finish at the FIBT World Championships was 27th in the men's skeleton event at Lake Placid, New York, in 1997.

Lake Placid, New York
Lake Placid is a village in Essex County, New York, United States, within the Adirondack Mountains. Its population was 2,205 at the 2020 census. Lake Placid became known internationally for hosting the 1932 and the 1980 Winter Olympics. Lake Placid has also hosted the 1972 and 2023 Winter World University Games, as well as the 2000 Goodwill Winter Games. The village is near the center of the town of North Elba, 50 miles (80 km) southwest of Plattsburgh.
Hendrina Wouters
Hendrina Wouters (c. 1718 – 17 December 1746) was a convicted Dutch murderer.

Hendrina was married to Casper Schuurveld, who was an apprentice wine trader. They had two sons. The murders, trial and execution were noted in the diary of Jacob Bicker Raije. On 1 October 1746, the body of widow Tommel was discovered in her home on the Palmgracht. At first the maid Marie was suspected of the murder, but in the following days body parts belonging to the maid were discovered in the waters in Amsterdam.

Suspicion then fell on Hendrina Wouters. Interrogation started in November and in December, Hendrina was found guilty of the robbery-murder of the baker's widow Tommel and her maid Marie. She was executed on the breaking wheel, which was an unusual method of execution for women. This form of execution was rarely used by that time in Amsterdam during the 18th century. The case attracted a lot of attention in the Netherlands.

Breaking wheel
The breaking wheel, also known as the execution wheel, the Wheel of Catherine or the (Saint) Catherine('s) Wheel, was a torture method used for public execution primarily in Europe from antiquity through the Middle Ages up to the 19th century by breaking the bones of a criminal or bludgeoning them to death. The practice was abolished in Bavaria in 1813 and in the Electorate of Hesse in 1836: the last known execution by the "Wheel" took place in Prussia in 1841. In the Holy Roman Empire, it was a "mirror punishment" for highwaymen and street thieves, and was set out in the Sachsenspiegel for murder, and arson that resulted in fatalities.
Aerial reconnaissance in World War II
A transformational growth in aerial reconnaissance occurred in the years 1939–45, especially in Britain and then in the United States. It was an expansion determined mostly by trial and error, represented mostly by new tactics, new procedures, and new technology, though rarely by specialized aircraft types. The mission type branched out into many sub-types, including new electronic forms of reconnaissance. In sharp contrast with the case during the pre-war years, by 1945 air reconnaissance was widely recognized as a vital, indispensable component of air power.

Nakajima C6N Saiun
The Nakajima C6N Saiun (彩雲, "Iridescent Cloud") is a carrier-based reconnaissance aircraft used by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service in World War II. Advanced for its time, it was the fastest carrier-based aircraft put into service by Japan during the war. The Allied reporting name was "Myrt".
Halil (musical instrument)
A halil is an ancient Jewish reed instrument. It is similar to the Greek aulos. The instrument is mentioned in the Hebrew Bible or Old Testament in 1 Samuel 10:5, 1 Kings 1: 40, Isaiah 5:12,  Isaiah 30:29, and Jeremiah 48:36. . Modern English-language editions of the Bible usually translate it as flute or pipe. However, the text of the Septuagint, Vulgate, and Talmud all indicate that the instrument was likely a double (a modern equivalent would be an oboe) or single reed instrument (a modern equivalent would be a clarinet). Most musicologists accept this interpretation. However, some scholars believe the term halil was a word that was used collectively for all wind instruments based on text from the Jerusalem Talmud. The halil is also referred to in the Mishnah.

Isaiah 30
Isaiah 30 is the thirtieth chapter of the Book of Isaiah in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book contains the prophecies attributed to the prophet Isaiah, and is one of the Books of the Prophets. The Jerusalem Bible groups chapters 28-35 together as a collection of "poems on Israel and Judah". The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges describes this chapter as "a series of Oracles dealing with the Egyptian Alliance and its consequences; the present state and future prospects of Israel, and the destruction of the Assyrians".
Big Creek Ranger Station Historic District
The Big Creek Ranger Station Historic District, located near Polebridge in Flathead National Forest in Flathead County, Montana, is a historic district which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2015.

A news release stated the district was recognized "for its historical associations with the creation and administration of Flathead National Forest programs, and fire management in USFS Region One and the western United States. The property has added significance for the qualities of the buildings which reflect Craftsman influences combined with a rustic aesthetic, a typical format for USDA Forest Service buildings in the west and particularly Region One."

Flathead County, Montana
Flathead County is a county located in the U.S. state of Montana. At the 2020 census, its population was 104,357, making it the state's fourth most populous county. Its county seat is Kalispell. Its numerical designation (used in the issuance of license plates) is 7. Its northern border is on the state's north border, making it contiguous with the Canada–US border, facing British Columbia.

Flathead County comprises the Kalispell, Montana Micropolitan Statistical Area, with neighboring Lake County following soon after.
Akira Kuroiwa
Akira Kuroiwa (黒岩 彰, Kuroiwa Akira; born 6 September 1961) is a former speed skater from Japan, who represented his native country at two consecutive Winter Olympics, starting in 1984 in Sarajevo, Yugoslavia. In 1988, he won the bronze medal in the men's 500 metres, after having captured two world titles at the Sprints Championships (1983 and 1987). At the 1984 Winter Olympics, Kuroiwa finished 10th in the men's 500 m.

Kuroiwa, who was born in Tsumagoi, Gunma, was a coach for the Japanese team during the 1998 Winter Olympics.

In Japan, Kuroiwa made headlines in 2000 when he tried to shield Daisuke Matsuzaka from an illegal driving charge by taking the blame for himself.

Gunma Prefecture
Gunma Prefecture (群馬県, Gunma-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [ɡɯꜜm.ma, ɡɯm.maꜜ.keɴ]) is a landlocked prefecture of Japan located in the Kantō region of Honshu. Gunma Prefecture has a population of 1,937,626 (1 October 2019) and has a geographic area of 6,362 square kilometres (2,456 sq mi). Gunma Prefecture borders Niigata Prefecture and Fukushima Prefecture to the north, Nagano Prefecture to the southwest, Saitama Prefecture to the south, and Tochigi Prefecture to the east.

Maebashi is the capital and Takasaki is the largest city of Gunma Prefecture, with other major cities including Ōta, Isesaki, and Kiryū. Gunma Prefecture is one of only eight landlocked prefectures, located on the northwestern corner of the Kantō Plain with 14% of its total land being designated as natural parks.
Spedalingo Altarpiece
The Spedalingo Altarpiece or Ognissanti Altarpiece is a 1518 oil-on-panel painting by Rosso Fiorentino, now in the Uffizi in Florence, which acquired it in 1900. It was commissioned by Leonardo Buonafede, "spedalingo" (i.e. rector) of the Hospital of Santa Maria Nuova in Florence. The contract was dated 30 January 1518. The painting was intended for the St John the Baptist chapel in Ognissanti, according to the will of Francesca de Ripoi, a Catalan widow.

To the left are John the Baptist (patron of Florence and of the chapel) and Antony the Great, while to the right are Saint Stephen (patron saint of the chiesa di Grezzano, with one of the stones used in his martyrdom embedded in his head) and Jerome (with a book).

Rosso Fiorentino
Giovanni Battista di Jacopo (8 March 1495 – 14 November 1540), known as Rosso Fiorentino (meaning "Florentine Redhead" in Italian) or Il Rosso ("The Redhead"), was an Italian Mannerist painter who worked in oil and fresco and belonged to the Florentine school.
Knees Up Mother Brown
"Knees Up Mother Brown" is a pub song, believed to date back as early as the 1800s, but first published in 1938, and with origins in the East End of London.

With its origins in public houses of East London, it was associated with Cockney culture. At the end of the First World War, it is documented to have been sung widely in London on 11 November 1918 (Armistice Night). The 1938 version was attributed to Bert Lee, Harris Weston and I. Taylor. During the Second World War it was performed frequently by Elsie and Doris Waters. It was also later performed on television by Noel Harrison and Petula Clark.

The expression "knees-up" means a "noisy party usually with dancing" - often accompanied by drinking.

1800s (decade)
The 1800s (pronounced "eighteen-hundreds") was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on 1 January 1800, and ended on 31 December 1809.

The term "eighteen-hundreds" could also mean the entire century from 1 January 1800 to 31 December 1899 (the years beginning with "18"), and is almost synonymous with the 19th century (1801–1900).

The decade was a period of drastic change. The advancements of the previous three decades towards the end of the 18th century had propelled the Industrial Revolution into a global movement, with entire wars fought with the newly developed technologies – creating an impetus to imperialist campaigns across Africa and Asia, as well as the counter-movement on Latin America later on.
Carrog railway station
Carrog railway station in Denbighshire, Wales, was formerly a station on the Ruabon to Barmouth line. A camping coach was positioned here by the Western Region from 1956 to 1962. It was to have closed to passengers on Monday 18 January 1965 but closed prematurely on 14 December 1964 due to flood damage. According to the Official Handbook of Stations the following classes of traffic were being handled at this station in 1956: G, P, F, L, H, C but there was no crane.

It was reopened in 1996 as part of the preserved Llangollen Railway. It is a passing place on the single line and has a signal box. On re-opening it became the terminus of the preserved line but became an intermediate station with the completion of the extension to Corwen East, in October 2014. Due to engineering works relating to the reopening of Corwen, Carrog again became the terminus of the line in 2019. It regained its intermediate status once again in June 2023 when the new Corwen station opened.

Western Region of British Railways
The Western Region was a region of British Railways from 1948. The region ceased to be an operating unit in its own right on completion of the "Organising for Quality" initiative on 6 April 1992. The Region consisted principally of ex-Great Western Railway lines, minus certain lines west of Birmingham, which were transferred to the London Midland Region in 1963 and with the addition of all former Southern Railway routes west of Exeter, which were subsequently rationalised.
TCG Sultanhisar
Three ships of the Turkish Navy have borne the name TCG Sultanhisar, after Sultanhisar, a town and a small district of Aydın Province, Turkey:

Ottoman torpedo boat Sultanhisar was a torpedo boat launched in 1907 for service with the Ottoman Navy. She was transferred to the successor navy and struck in 1935.

TCG Sultanhisar (1940) was a Demirhisar-class destroyer launched in 1940 and decommissioned in 1960.

TCG Sultanhisar (P-111) was a Hisar-class patrol boat, formerly the submarine chaser USS PC-1638 of the US Navy. She was transferred to Turkey in 1964 and was decommissioned in 2002.

Turkish Naval Forces
The Turkish Naval Forces (Turkish: Türk Deniz Kuvvetleri), or Turkish Navy (Turkish: Türk Donanması), is the naval warfare service branch of the Turkish Armed Forces.

The modern naval traditions and customs of the Turkish Navy can be traced back to 10 July 1920, when it was established as the Directorate of Naval Affairs during the Turkish War of Independence led by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. Since July 1949, the service has been officially known as the Turkish Naval Forces.

In 2008, the Turkish Navy had a reported active personnel strength of 48,600; this figure included an Amphibious Marines Brigade as well as several Special Forces and Commando detachments. As of early 2021, the navy operates a wide variety of ships and 60 maritime aircraft.
Parratt
Parratt is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Joe Parratt or Joe Beagle, award-winning songwriter

John Parratt (1859–1905), English first-class cricketer

Lyman G. Parratt (1908–1995), physicist

Peggy Parratt, professional football player who played in the "Ohio League"

Percy Parratt (1887–1971), Australian rules footballer

Tom Parratt (born 1986), Scottish professional footballer

Walter Parratt KCVO (1841–1924), English organist and composer

Peggy Parratt
George Watson "Peggy" Parratt (March 21, 1883 – January 3, 1959) was a professional football player who played in the "Ohio League" prior to its becoming a part of the National Football League (NFL). Born in Cleveland, Ohio, Parratt played quarterback for the Shelby Blues, Lorain Pros, Massillon Tigers, Massillon All-Stars, Franklin Athletic Club of Cleveland, Akron Indians and the Cleveland Tigers between 1905 and 1916.  Parratt threw the first legal forward pass in professional football history while playing for the Massillon Tigers on October 25, 1906.
Caribou Coffee
Caribou Coffee Company is an American coffee company and coffeehouse chain. It was founded in Edina, Minnesota, in 1992. As of July 2024, the company operates over 800 locations worldwide. It is headquartered in Brooklyn Center, Minnesota.

Brooklyn Center, Minnesota
Brooklyn Center is a first-ring suburban city in Hennepin County, Minnesota, United States in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan area. In 1911, the area became a village formed from parts of Brooklyn Township and Crystal Lake Township. In 1966, Brooklyn Center became a charter city. The city has commercial and industrial development. The majority of land use is single-family homes. The population was 33,782 at the 2020 census, and the city has become the most ethnically diverse community in the state.
2015 Italian Open – Men's doubles
Daniel Nestor and Nenad Zimonjić were the defending champions, but chose not to participate together. Nestor played alongside Leander Paes, but lost in the second round to Pablo Cuevas and David Marrero. Zimonjić teamed up with Marcin Matkowski, but lost in the second round to Jamie Murray and John Peers.
Cuevas and Marrero went on to win the title, defeating Marcel Granollers and Marc López in the final, 6–4, 7–5.

Pablo Cuevas
Pablo Gabriel Cuevas Urroz (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈpaβlo ˈkweβas]; born 1 January 1986) is a Uruguayan tennis coach and a former professional player. Cuevas won the 2008 French Open men's doubles title with Luis Horna, and was especially noted throughout his career for spectacular trickshots.

Cuevas won six singles titles and had a career-high singles ranking of world No. 19, achieved in August 2016. His career-high doubles ranking was No. 14, achieved in April 2009.

In September 2019, Cuevas led the Uruguayan Davis Cup team to a victory over the Dominican Republic, winning entry into the highest Davis Cup tier, the World Group.
Ellington Airport (Tennessee)
Ellington Airport (ICAO: KLUG, FAA LID: LUG) is a city-owned public-use airport located three miles (5 km) north of the central business district of Lewisburg, a city in Marshall County, Tennessee, United States.

Although most U.S. airports use the same three-letter location identifier for the FAA and IATA, Ellington Airport is assigned LUG by the FAA but has no designation from the IATA (which assigned LUG to Agno Airport in Lugano, Switzerland).

Lugano Airport
Lugano Airport (IATA: LUG, ICAO: LSZA) is a regional airport located 4 km (2.5 mi) west of the Swiss city of Lugano, approximately 80 km (50 mi) north of Milan, in the municipalities of Agno, Bioggio and Muzzano. It lies closer to the village of Agno than to Lugano itself, and is sometimes referred to as Lugano-Agno. Around 200,000 passengers use the airport each year, using approximately 2,400 flights. There are also limited freight operations, a flying club and flight school. The headquarters of Darwin Airline were located at the airport prior to its bankruptcy.

The airport is situated on land owned by the city of Lugano, whilst management is the responsibility of Lugano Airport SA, whose shares are owned by the canton of Ticino (12.5%) and the city (87.5%). The company has 73 employees, and an annual turnover of 10 million Swiss francs.
Schlesinger Institute
The Schlesinger Institute for Medical-Halakhic Research is an Israeli research institute that focuses on medical ethics within the framework of Jewish law (halakha). Established in 1966 with the support of the Shaare Zedek Medical Center in Jerusalem, the institute researches ethical questions in medicine from a halakhic perspective. It is named in the honor of Dr. Falk Schlesinger, the hospital's second director general.

The institute also offers educational programs in Jewish medical ethics for medical students, religious scholars, healthcare professionals, and students. These include a semester-long course at Hadassah Medical Center, international seminars, and workshops for Israeli high school and yeshiva students.

Shaare Zedek Medical Center
The Shaare Zedek Medical Center (Hebrew: מרכז רפואי שערי צדק, romanized: Merkaz Refu'i Sha'arei Tzedek) is a large teaching hospital in Jerusalem. It was established in 1902 and is affiliated with Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
Creemore
Creemore (from Irish  Croí Mór 'big heart') is a former village, now part of Clearview Township, located in Simcoe County, Ontario, Canada. It lies approximately 130 km (81 mi) north of Toronto, 40 minutes west of Barrie, and 20 minutes south of Collingwood and Georgian Bay. It sits on the eastern boundary of the Niagara Escarpment.

Creemore purportedly has North America's smallest jail. Coboconk and Tweed make similar claims of their jails.

Georgian Bay
Georgian Bay (French: Baie Georgienne) is a large bay of Lake Huron. It is located entirely within the borders of Ontario, Canada. The main body of the bay lies east of the Bruce Peninsula and Manitoulin Island. To its northwest is the North Channel.

Georgian Bay is surrounded by (listed clockwise) the districts of Manitoulin, Sudbury, Parry Sound and Muskoka, as well as the more populous counties of Simcoe, Grey and Bruce. The Main Channel separates the Bruce Peninsula from Manitoulin Island and connects Georgian Bay to the rest of Lake Huron. The North Channel, located between Manitoulin Island and the Sudbury District, west of Killarney, was once a popular route for steamships and is now used by a variety of pleasure craft to travel to and from Georgian Bay.

The shores and waterways of Georgian Bay are the traditional domain of the Anishinaabeg First Nations peoples to the north and Huron-Petun (Wyandot) to the south. The bay was thus a major Algonquian-Iroquoian trade route.