hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kosmos 1541
Kosmos 1541 (Russian: Космос 1541 meaning Cosmos 1541) is a Soviet US-K missile early warning satellite which was launched in 1984 as part of the Soviet military's Oko programme. The satellite is designed to identify missile launches using optical telescopes and infrared sensors.

Kosmos 1541 was launched from Site 16/2 at Plesetsk Cosmodrome in the Russian SSR. A Molniya-M carrier rocket with a 2BL upper stage was used to perform the launch, which took place at 17:10 UTC on 6 March 1984. The launch successfully placed the satellite into a molniya orbit. It subsequently received its Kosmos designation, and the international designator 1984-024A. The United States Space Command assigned it the Satellite Catalog Number 14790.

Early warning system
An early warning system is a warning system that can be implemented as a chain of information communication systems and comprises sensors, event detection and decision subsystems for early identification of hazards. They work together to forecast and signal disturbances that adversely affect the stability of the physical world, providing time for the response system to prepare for the adverse event and to minimize its impact.

To be effective, early warning systems need to actively involve the communities at risk, facilitate public education and awareness of risks, effectively disseminate alerts, and warnings and ensure there is constant state of preparedness. A complete and effective early warning system supports four main functions: risk analysis, monitoring and warning; dissemination and communication; and a response capability.
Thomas Mitchell (Iowa politician)
Thomas Mitchell (March 3, 1816 – July 15, 1894) was an American politician and farmer. A Republican and Anti-Monopolist, he represented the 19th district in the Iowa House of Representatives from 1858 to 1860 and the 28th district in the Iowa Senate from 1874 to 1878. He is the founder of Mitchellville, Iowa, and is considered the first white settler of Polk County, Iowa.

Polk County, Iowa
Polk County is a county located in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2020 census, the population was 492,401, and was estimated to be 516,185 in 2024, making it the most populous county in Iowa. The county seat and the largest city is Des Moines, which is also the capital city of Iowa. Polk County is included in the Des Moines–West Des Moines, IA Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Araguaia Guerrilla War
The Araguaia guerrilla (Portuguese: Guerrilha do Araguaia) was an armed movement in Brazil against its military government, active between 1967 and 1974 in the Araguaia river basin. It was founded by militants of the Communist Party of Brazil (PC do B), the then Maoist counterpart to the Brazilian Communist Party (PCB), which aimed at establishing a rural stronghold from whence to wage a "people's war" against the Brazilian military dictatorship, which had been in power since the 1964 coup d'état. Its projected activities were based on the successful experiences led by the 26th of July Movement in the Cuban Revolution, and by the Chinese Communist Party during the Chinese Civil War.

Revolutionary base area
In Mao Zedong's original formulation of the military strategy of people's war, a revolutionary base area (Chinese: 革命根据地; pinyin: gémìng gēnjùdì), or simply base area, is a local stronghold that the revolutionary force conducting the people's war should attempt to establish, starting from a remote area with mountainous or forested terrain in which its enemy is weak.
Thiruvalluvar College
Thiruvalluvar College, is a general degree college located in Papanasam, Tirunelveli district, Tamil Nadu. It was established in the year 1969. The college is affiliated with Manonmaniam Sundaranar University. This college offers different courses in arts, commerce and science.

Tirunelveli district
Tirunelveli district is one of the 38 districts of Tamil Nadu state in India. It is the largest district in terms of area with Tirunelveli as its headquarters. The district was formed on 1 September 1790 by the British East India Company (on behalf of the British government) and comprised the present Tirunelveli and Thoothukudi, Tenkasi and parts of Virudhunagar and Ramanathapuram district. As of 2011, the undivided district (along with Tenkasi) had a population of 30,77,233.
Hamidullah Amin
Hamidullah Amin (born 1941) is an Afghan politician from Bagrami District, Kabul Province, was serving as the chancellor of Kabul University from 2008 to 2016. He also worked at the university prior to fleeing Afghanistan in 1988.

Amin completed his M.A. in geography at Durham University in 1968, entitled The role of communication in the development of Afghanistan. He returned to Afghanistan to work for Kabul University, as well as serving as a visiting lecturer at the University of Nebraska at Omaha. During this time he published his most influential English language work, A Geography of Afghanistan. and remained after the Soviet invasion. He eventually fled in 1988, and worked for 14 years at Macquarie University in Australia, before returning to Kabul to become Chancellor. During his time, Amin has worked to increase the number of female students at the university, and in higher education in Afghanistan in general.

He is fluent in Pashto, Dari, English and Urdu.

Kabul Province
Kabul is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan, situated in the east of the country. The capital of the province is Kabul city, which is Afghanistan's capital and largest city. The population of Kabul Province is over 5.5 million people as of 2022, of which over 85 percent live in urban areas. The current governor of the province is Mohammad Aman Obaid.

It borders the provinces of Parwan to the north, Kapisa to the north-east, Laghman to the east, Nangarhar to the south-east, Logar to the south, and Wardak to the west.
Op. 43
In music, Op. 43 stands for Opus number 43. Compositions that are assigned this number include:

Atterberg – Aladdin

Beethoven – The Creatures of Prometheus

Chopin – Tarantelle

Elgar – Dream Children

Milhaud – Little Symphony No. 1

Nielsen – Wind Quintet

Rachmaninoff – Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini

Rossini – La Danza

Roussel – Bacchus and Ariadne

Schumann – 3 Duets

Scriabin – Symphony No. 3

Shostakovich – Symphony No. 4

Sibelius – Symphony No. 2 in D major (1902)

Spohr – String Quartet No. 11

Strauss – Explosions-Polka

Tchaikovsky – Orchestral Suite No. 1

Waterhouse – Gestural Variations

String Quartet No. 11 (Spohr)
Louis Spohr's String Quartet No. 11 ("Quatuor brillant") in E major, Op. 43, was completed in May of 1818. It is one of eight similar works Spohr wrote between 1806 and 1835. Like a concerto, the work is designed to display a soloists skills, but in a more intimate setting than the concert hall.
Office of the Chief Herald of Arms of Malta
The Office of the Chief Herald of Arms of Malta is the official heraldic authority of the Republic of Malta.  Established in 2019, it grants and registers coats of arms and badges for citizens and institutions in Malta and other countries.  The office, which is an agency of Heritage Malta, is headed by the Chief Herald of Arms of Malta, who is assisted by a deputy, a few pursuivants, and a registrar.

Heritage Malta
Heritage Malta (Maltese: Patrimonju Malta) is the Maltese national agency for museums, conservation practice and cultural heritage. Created by the Cultural Heritage Act, enacted in 2002, the national agency (along with the Superintendence for Cultural Heritage) replaced the former Museums Department.

Originally Heritage Malta was entrusted with the management of museums, sites and their collections but in 2005, the agency was also charged with the take over of the former Malta Centre for Restoration to become the national agency responsible for conservation.

As the national agency responsible for museums, cultural heritage and conservation, Heritage Malta is governed by a board of directors appointed by the minister. The board is headed by a chairman and is usually appointed for successive three-year terms.
Mohanad Najim Aleqabi
Mohanad Najim Aleqabi (born January 6, 1979) (Arabic: مهند العقابي) is an Iraqi journalist, Director General of the Team Media War of the Popular Mobilization Forces, which is affiliated to the Iraqi Council of Ministers & Founder and CEO Public Opinion News Agency. He was born in 1979. He studied journalism at Al-Mustansiriya University in Baghdad and graduated from it. He is currently the managing director of "Rp News" (Public Opinion News Agency). He also worked for Beladi TV.A former political analyst

Council of Ministers (Iraq)
The Council of Ministers is the principal executive organ  of the Federal Government of the Republic of Iraq.

The Council of Representatives of Iraq elects a President of the Republic who appoints the Prime Minister who in turn appoints the Council of Ministers, all of whom must be approved by the Assembly.
Rowell's syndrome
Rowell's syndrome was described by Professor Neville Rowell and colleagues in 1963. Patients with the syndrome have lupus erythematosus (discoid or systemic), annular lesions of the skin like erythema multiforme associated with a characteristic pattern of immunological abnormalities. It is uncommon but occurs worldwide.

Rowell's syndrome has been reported to occur with all subtypes of LE (systemic, acute, subacute or discoid).

Erythema multiforme
Erythema multiforme (EM) is an immune-mediated inflammatory skin condition associated with several viral infections, that appears with red patches evolving into target lesions, typically on both hands. It is typically associated with infection by either herpes simplex virus or Mycoplasma pneumoniae.

It is a type IV hypersensitivity reaction in which T-lymphocytes target skin keratinocytes due to the presence of specific proteins that resemble antigens of HSV, Mycoplasma, or other pathogens and foreign substances. It is an uncommon disorder, with peak incidence in the second and third decades of life. The disorder has various forms or presentations, which its name reflects (multiforme, "multiform", from multi- + formis). Target lesions are a typical manifestation. Two standard types, one mild to moderate and one severe, are recognized (erythema multiforme minor and erythema multiforme major), as well as several rare and atypical types.
Radochów Cave
The Radochów Cave (German: Kunzendorfer Höhle, Reyersdorfer Tropfsteinhöhle) is a karst cave in lenticular marble. It is situated in the valley of the Jaskiniec Stream, at the foot of Bzowiec in the Golden Mountains of (East Sudetes), near the village of Radochów (municipality Lądek-Zdrój), Poland.

Golden Mountains (Sudetes)
The Golden Mountains (Polish: Góry Złote; Czech: Rychlebské hory; German: Reichensteiner Gebirge) are a mountain range in the Sudetes on the border between Poland and the Czech Republic. Various ores were mined here from the 13th to the 20th century, including gold (Polish: złoto), hence the name Golden Mountains. There is a gold mine open to the public in Złoty Stok. It is the wildest, least civilized and least visited mountain range in Poland.

Voivodeship Road nr 390 in winter

Entrance to the gold mine in Złoty Stok
Lochhead
Lochhead is a surname shared by several notable people, among them being:

Alex Lochhead (born 1866), Scottish footballer

Andy Lochhead (born 1941), Scottish footballer

Archie Lochhead (1892–1971), Scottish-American banker

Arthur Lochhead (1897–1966), Scottish footballer

David Lochhead (1936–1999), Canadian theologian

Duggie Lochhead (1904–1968), Scottish football manager

Kenneth Lochhead (1926–2006), Canadian painter

Liz Lochhead (born 1947), Scottish poet and playwright

Matty Lochhead (1884–1964), Scottish footballer

Richard Lochhead (born 1969), Scottish politician

Tony Lochhead (born 1982), New Zealand former professional soccer player

David Lochhead
David Morgan Lochhead (18 June 1936 – 15 June 1999) was a Canadian Christian theologian. He was born in Montreal, where he attended McGill University. En route to his degrees in science, theology and philosophy of religion, he also studied at Union College, and in Oxford and Chicago. Ordained in 1962, he served two United Church parishes, in Quebec and Ontario; And in 2006, was awarded posthumously the title of Professor emeritus by the Vancouver School of Theology.
1922–23 FAI Cup
The FAI Cup 1922–23[A] was the second edition of Ireland's premier cup competition, The Football Association of Ireland Challenge Cup or FAI Cup. The tournament began on 6 January 1923 and concluded on 17 March with the final held at Dalymount Park, Dublin. An official attendance[B] of 14,000 people watched Belfast side Alton United of the Falls League defeat Shelbourne 1–0. The Falls League's affiliation to the FAI,[C] rather than the IFA, allowed the club to compete in the cup.

Irish Football Association
The Irish Football Association (IFA) is the governing body for association football in Northern Ireland. It organised the Ireland national football team from 1880 to 1950, which after 1954, became the Northern Ireland national football team.
Mike Humpal
Michael Humpal (born February 17, 1985) is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker for the Pittsburgh Steelers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Iowa Hawkeyes and was selected by the Steelers in the sixth round of the 2008 NFL draft. He was part of the Steelers' Super Bowl XLIII winning team.

Iowa Hawkeyes football
The Iowa Hawkeyes football program represents the University of Iowa in college football. The Hawkeyes compete in the Big Ten Conference. Iowa joined the Conference (then known as the Western Conference or Big Nine) in 1899 and played their first Conference football season in 1900. They are a Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The Hawkeyes play their home games in Iowa City, Iowa, at Kinnick Stadium, with a capacity of 69,250. The Hawkeyes are coached by Kirk Ferentz, who is in his 27th season as the head coach and is the longest current tenured head coach in NCAA Division I FBS. The Hawkeyes have won 13 conference championships (including 11 in the Big Ten). Iowa has been ranked #1 in the AP and Coaches Poll 15 times.
Water into Wine (song)
"Water into Wine" is a song by Australian rock band Cold Chisel. It was released in December 1998 as the second single from their sixth studio album, The Last Wave of Summer. 
The song peaked at number 46 in Australia.

Biographer Michael Lawrence said, "From very early on its lifetime, this song was touted as a possible single. A catchy ballad that sees acoustic guitar appearing in a Cold Chisel song for the first time since "Khe Sanh"."

Before its release, industry figures such as Denis Handlin and Michael Gudinski felt the single would be very successful. However, Kevin Shirley, when mixing, said, "It's a straightforward song to mix and it would make a good b-side. It's not a single. It drags."

Michael Gudinski
Michael Solomon Gudinski AM (22 August 1952 – 2 March 2021) was an Australian record executive and promoter who was a leading figure in the Australian music industry. Born and raised in Melbourne, Gudinski formed the highly successful Australian record company Mushroom Records in 1972 through which he signed several generations of Australian musicians and performers ranging from MacKenzie Theory, Skyhooks, The Choirboys, Kylie Minogue, and New Zealand's Split Enz to newer artists such as Eskimo Joe, Evermore and others.

Gudinski was considered to be "one of the most significant and powerful players" in the Australian music landscape.
2025 Monterrey Open – Doubles
Cristina Bucșa and Nicole Melichar-Martinez defeated defending champion Guo Hanyu and her partner Alexandra Panova in the final, 6–2, 6–0 to win the doubles tennis title at the 2025 Monterrey Open.

Guo and Monica Niculescu were the defending champions, but chose not to compete together this year. Niculescu partnered Oksana Kalashnikova, but lost in the first round to Anna Bondár and Katarzyna Piter.

Anna Bondár
Anna Bondár (born 27 May 1997) is a Hungarian professional tennis player. She has a career-high singles ranking of No. 50 by the WTA, achieved on 18 July 2022 and a best doubles ranking of No. 43, reached on 30 January 2023. She is currently the No. 1 singles player from Hungary.

Playing for Hungary in Billie Jean King Cup, Bondár has a win–loss record of 16–9 (as of October 2024).
İdris Naim Şahin
İdris Naim Şahin (born 1 June 1956, Ünye, Ordu, Turkey) is a Turkish politician who was elected to the Turkish Grand National Assembly in 2002, representing Istanbul.

He was appointed to the Ministry of Internal Affairs on 6 July 2011 by Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan in his new cabinet. On 24 January 2013, he was replaced by Muammer Güler at his post.

Şahin resigned from the ruling Justice and Development Party on 25 December 2013 amidst the corruption scandal involving several ministers.

Ünye
Ünye (Oinòe, Οἰνόη in ancient Greek) is a municipality and district of Ordu Province, Turkey. Its area is 569 km2, and its population is 132,432 (2022). It is on the Black Sea coast, 76 km west of the city of Ordu.
BC Wolves
Basketball Club Wolves, officially named Wolves Twinsbet for sponsorship reasons, was a professional basketball club based in Vilnius, Lithuania. The team competed in the Lithuanian Basketball League (LKL). The team played its home games at the 10,800-seat Twinsbet Arena. Wolves suspended its operations in June 2025.

King Mindaugas Cup
Karaliaus Mindaugo taurė (English: King Mindaugas Cup) is an annual national domestic basketball cup competition between Lithuanian professional teams. It is organised by the Lithuanian Basketball League (Lietuvos krepšinio lyga – LKL). The tournament is named in honor of Mindaugas, the first and only crowned King of Lithuania.

The Final four event includes an annual LKL Three-point Shootout contest, LKL Future Cup was introduced in 2018 with Žalgiris and Rytas youth teams competing for the cup. LKL Slam Dunk Contest was part of the Final four program until the event was removed in 2019.
Graham Ashton (trumpeter)
Graham Ashton is a British-born naturalized American trumpeter and composer for brass. Ashton first formed his group, the Graham Ashton Brass Ensemble in London in 1989, then reformed the ensemble with virtuoso brass players from New York City. In addition to his own compositions Ashton has sought new compositions for trumpet from other composers. He is Professor of Trumpet and Chair of Brass at Purchase College, State University of New York since 1999.

State University of New York at Purchase
Purchase College, officially the State University of New York at Purchase and also commonly referred to as SUNY Purchase, is a public liberal arts college in Purchase, New York. Established in 1967 by Governor Nelson Rockefeller, SUNY Purchase is one of 13 comprehensive colleges in the State University of New York (SUNY) system.
2024 mid-year rugby union tests
The 2024 mid-year rugby union internationals (also known as the summer internationals in the Northern Hemisphere) are international rugby union matches mostly played in the Southern Hemisphere during the July international window.

World Rugby Rankings
The World Rugby Rankings is a ranking system for national teams in rugby union, managed by World Rugby, the sport's governing body. The teams of World Rugby's member nations are ranked based on their game results, with the most successful teams being ranked highest. A point system is used, with points being awarded on the basis of the results of World Rugby-recognized international matches. Rankings are based on the team's performance, with more recent results and more significant matches being more heavily weighted to help reflect the current competitive state of a team. The men's ranking system was introduced the month before the 2003 Rugby World Cup, with the first new rankings issued on 8 September 2003, when they were called the "IRB Rankings".
The Call to Poetry
The Call to Poetry was a one-night performance art / international poetry gathering event held April 5, 2012, in Istanbul, near Taksim Square, widely promoted and heavily attended by international poets to celebrate the history of poetry with a dramatic reading of the world’s oldest love poem, which is housed in the Istanbul Archaeology Museums.

The Call to Poetry garnered significant interest in Istanbul, the greater Middle East and the US, as did a portion of the evening dedicated to poetry of the Arab Spring.

Istanbul Archaeology Museums
The Istanbul Archaeology Museums (Turkish: İstanbul Arkeoloji Müzeleri) are a group of three archaeological museums located in the Eminönü quarter of Istanbul, Turkey, near Gülhane Park and Topkapı Palace. These museums house over one million objects from nearly all periods and civilizations in world history.

The Istanbul Archaeology Museums consists of three museums:

Archaeological Museum, located in the main building

Museum of the Ancient Orient

Museum of Islamic Art, housed in the Tiled Kiosk
Abu Sayed Mohammad Abdul Awal
Abu Sayed Mohammad Abdul Awal  (born 1957) is a retired two star officer of Bangladesh Navy and former assistant chief of naval staff personnel and operations and furthermore antecedent high commissioner to Maldives.

Bangladesh Navy
The Bangladesh Navy (Bengali: বাংলাদেশ নৌবাহিনী, romanized: Bānlādeś Noubāhinī; abbreviated as BN) is the naval warfare branch of the Bangladesh Armed Forces, responsible for defending the maritime interests and territorial waters of Bangladesh. Operating under the Ministry of Defence, the Navy conducts maritime security, naval defense, surveillance, and disaster relief operations. Established after the 1971 Liberation War, the Bangladesh Navy has developed into a modern and professional force, actively participating in United Nations peacekeeping operations and regional maritime security initiatives. The Bangladesh Navy today is typically categorized as a green-water navy both domestically and internationally.
Nicol Nicolson
Nicol Nicolson is a Scottish broadcast journalist.

He formerly worked at ITV Border and later STV Central. Prior to becoming a journalist, he was a Marketing Manager with VisitScotland, the national tourism agency.

His reporting work encompassed hard news, sport and lighter feature stories for STV News as well as occasional political items for Politics Now.  He was also a regular presenter of short bulletins for East Central Scotland and the rest of the region.

Nicolson left STV in September 2009. He joined CNN International in Hong Kong, where he worked behind the scenes on World Business Today and News Stream, regularly contributing features and commentary to the latter's popular blog.

In early 2013 he began a new role producing CNN International's Global Exchange in Abu Dhabi. He now produces Connect the World with Becky Anderson.

Becky Anderson
Rebecca Anderson (born 15 November 1967) is a British journalist and the anchor of CNN International's flagship news and current affairs primetime news program Connect the World. She previously hosted Business International.
Skagestad
Skagestad is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bjørn Skagestad (born 1950), Norwegian actor

Edvard Skagestad (born 1988), Norwegian footballer

Gabriel Skagestad (1879-1952), Norwegian theologian and priest

Sven Martin Skagestad (born 1995), Norwegian discus thrower

Tormod Skagestad (1920–1997), Norwegian poet, novelist, playwright, actor and theatre director

Gabriel Skagestad
Gabriel Skagestad was a Norwegian theologian and priest.  He served as a bishop of the Diocese of Stavanger from 1940 until 1949.  Skagestad was a key figure in the resistance movement of the church during the German occupation of Norway.