hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Viktor Schmieden
Viktor Schmieden (19 January 1874 – 11 October 1945) was a German surgeon born in Berlin.

In 1897 he earned his medical doctorate from the University of Bonn, and subsequently worked in hospitals in Göttingen, Berlin and Bonn. Later he was a professor at the Universities of Halle (from 1913) and Frankfurt (from 1919).

Schmieden is remembered for his work with Franz Volhard (1872-1950) in the establishment of pericardectomy for the treatment of constrictive pericarditis. Historically this procedure was referred to as "Schmieden's operation". He also made important contributions towards the treatment of hydrocephalus, and in 1926 identified that polyps of the colon were a precursor of colorectal cancer. He was a Generalarzt in the Wehrmacht during World War II.

Polyp (medicine)
A polyp is an abnormal growth of tissue projecting from a mucous membrane. Polyps are commonly found in the colon, stomach, nose, ear, sinus(es), urinary bladder, and uterus. They may also occur elsewhere in the body where there are mucous membranes, including the cervix, vocal folds, and small intestine.

If it is attached by a narrow elongated stalk, it is said to be pedunculated; if it is attached without a stalk, it is said to be sessile.

Some polyps are tumors (neoplasms) and others are non-neoplastic, for example hyperplastic or dysplastic, which are benign. The neoplastic ones are usually benign, although some can be pre-malignant, or concurrent with a malignancy.
Vokes
Vokes is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Christopher Vokes (1904–1985), Canadian Army officer

Ed Vokes (1908–1967), Canadian ice hockey player

Emily H. Vokes (born 1930), American malacologist and paleontologist

Harold Vokes (1908–1998), American malacologist and paleontologist

Leroy H. Vokes (1849–1924), American soldier

May Vokes (1882–1957), American actress

Richard Vokes, anthropologist

Sam Vokes (born 1989), Welsh footballer

Vokes family of actors:
Fawdon Vokes (born Walter Fawdon; 1844–1904), actor
Fred Vokes (1846–1888), actor and dancer
Jessie Vokes (1848–1884), actress and dancer
Rosina Vokes (1854–1894), actress

Harold Vokes
Harold Ernest Vokes (June 27, 1908 — September 16, 1998), was an American malacologist and paleontologist. He specialized in bivalves, especially fossils found along the Gulf Coast and Atlantic Coast, and he taught at Johns Hopkins and Tulane universities. He often collaborated with his wife, the malacologist Emily H. Vokes.
Ernesto Gómez Cruz
Ernesto Gómez Cruz (7 November 1933 – 6 April 2024) was a Mexican actor with more than 154 film credits. At the time of his death, he was one of the last surviving stars from the Golden Age of Mexican Cinema.

Gómez was nominated several times for the Ariel Award. These included his acting in El infierno (2010), El crimen del padre Amaro (2002), El imperio de la fortuna by Arturo Ripstein (1987), La Víspera (1983), Cadena perpetua by Ripstein (1979), La venida del Rey Olmos by Julián Pastor (1975), and Rosa by José Estrada (1969).

Gómez died in Mexico City on 6 April 2024, at the age of 90.

At the 97th Academy Awards, his name was mentioned in the In Memoriam section.

Arturo Ripstein
Arturo Ripstein y Rosen (born December 13, 1943) is a Mexican film director and screenwriter. Considered the "Godfather of independent Mexican cinema", Ripstein's work is generally characterized by "somber, slow-paced, macabre melodramas tackling existential loneliness", often with a grotesque-like edge.

He is a nine-time Ariel Award winner, including five for Best Picture and two for Best Director. Three of his films have been nominated for the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival. In 1997, he received the prestigious National Prize for Arts and Sciences for his contributions to Mexican cinema. He was the second filmmaker (after Luis Buñuel) to receive that honour.
Tim Billingsley
Tim Billingsley (born 17 January 1990) is a former British ice hockey player who most recently played for the Nottingham Panthers and the British national team.

He represented Great Britain at the 2019 IIHF World Championship.

Great Britain men's national ice hockey team
The Great Britain men's national ice hockey team (also known as Team GB) is the national ice hockey team that represents the United Kingdom. A founding member of the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) in 1908, the team is controlled by Ice Hockey UK.
Amelia Greenhall
Amelia Cousins Greenhall is an American feminist tech blogger. She cofounded feminist tech blog and publication Model View Culture with Shanley Kane. Greenhall is co-founder and Executive Director of Double Union, a feminist women-and-non-binary-people-only hackerspace in San Francisco, with Valerie Aurora, and is a Quantified Self enthusiast. Greenhall is the publisher and co-founder of Open Review Quarterly, a literary journal on modern culture (founded in September 2010).

Prior to co-founding Model View Culture in November 2013, Greenhall was a user experience designer, user interface designer and data scientist in Seattle. She left Model View Culture in May 2014.

Born in Hawaii and raised in Arizona, Greenhall is a 2009 studio art and electrical engineering graduate of Vanderbilt University in Tennessee. She went on to earn a master's degree in public health at the University of Washington.

Quantified self
Quantified self is both the cultural phenomenon of self-tracking with technology and a community of users and makers of self-tracking tools who share an interest in "self-knowledge through numbers". Quantified self practices overlap with the practice of lifelogging and other trends that incorporate technology and data acquisition into daily life, often with the goal of improving physical, mental, and emotional performance. The widespread adoption in recent years of wearable fitness and sleep trackers such as the Fitbit or the Apple Watch, combined with the increased presence of Internet of things in healthcare and in exercise equipment, have made self-tracking accessible to a large segment of the population.

Other terms for using self-tracking data to improve daily functioning are auto-analytics, body hacking, self-quantifying, self-surveillance, sousveillance (recording of personal activity), and personal informatics.
1806−20 cluster
1806−20 (originally named the SGR 1806−20 cluster) is a heavily obscured star cluster on the far side of the Milky Way, approximately 28,000 light-years distant. Some sources claim as far as 50,000.  It contains the soft gamma repeater SGR 1806−20 and the luminous blue variable hypergiant LBV 1806−20, a candidate for the most luminous star in the Milky Way. LBV 1806−20 and many of the other massive stars in the cluster are thought likely to end as supernovas in a few million years, leaving only neutron stars or black holes as remnants.

The cluster is heavily obscured by intervening dust, and mostly visible in the infrared. It is part of the larger W31 H II region and giant molecular cloud. It has a compact core of ~0.2 pc in diameter with a more extended halo of ~2 pc in diameter containing the LBV and at least three Wolf–Rayet stars (of types WC8, WN6, and WN7) and an OB supergiant, plus other young massive stars.

Molecular cloud
A molecular cloud—sometimes called a stellar nursery if star formation is occurring within—is a type of interstellar cloud of which the density and size permit absorption nebulae, the formation of molecules (most commonly molecular hydrogen, H2), and the formation of H II regions. This is in contrast to other areas of the interstellar medium that contain predominantly ionized gas.

Molecular hydrogen is difficult to detect by infrared and radio observations, so the molecule most often used to determine the presence of H2 is carbon monoxide (CO). The ratio between CO luminosity and H2 mass is thought to be constant, although there are reasons to doubt this assumption in observations of some other galaxies.

Within molecular clouds are regions with higher density, where much dust and many gas cores reside, called clumps. These clumps are the beginning of star formation if gravitational forces are sufficient to cause the dust and gas to collapse.
Md. Touhid Hossain
Mohammad Touhid Hossain (Bengali: মোহাম্মদ তৌহিদ হোসেন; born 1 February 1955) is the incumbent Adviser of Foreign Affairs to the Interim government of Bangladesh and a former foreign secretary of Bangladesh. He also served as a High commissioner of Bangladesh to South Africa.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Bangladesh)
Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Bengali: পররাষ্ট্র মন্ত্রণালয়, romanized: Porôstrô Montronaloy; abbreviated as MOFA) is a ministry of the Government of Bangladesh responsible for formulating and implementing the country’s foreign policy. It oversees diplomatic missions, international relations, consular services, and multilateral cooperation.
Sport in Slovenia
Sport in Slovenia consists of a wide range of team and individual sports. The most popular team sports are football, basketball, volleyball, ice hockey, and handball. While the most popular individual sports are skiing, ski jumping, athletics, cycling, and tennis. Slovenia has competed at fifteen Olympic Games since its inaugural appearance at the 1992 Winter Olympics and is also known for its extreme sport athletes, such as ultramarathon swimmer Martin Strel and extreme skier Davo Karničar.

Martin Strel
Martin Strel (listenⓘ; born 1 October 1954), is a Slovenian long-distance swimmer, one of the most elite endurance athletes best known for swimming the entire length of various rivers. Strel holds successive Guinness World Records for swimming the Danube river, the Mississippi River, the Yangtze River, and the Amazon River. His motto is "swimming for peace, friendship and clean waters."
Scleromystax prionotos
Scleromystax prionotos is a tropical freshwater catfish belonging to the subfamily Corydoradinae of the family Callichthyidae.  It originates in inland waters in South America, and is found in coastal rivers in southeastern Brazil from Espírito Santo to São Paulo.  It was originally described by H. Nijssen & I. J. H. Isbrücker in 1980.  The scientific name is occasionally misspelled C. prionotus.

The fish will grow in length up to 2.1 inches (5.3 centimeters).  It lives in a tropical climate in water with a 6.0 – 8.0 pH, a water hardness of 2 – 25 dGH, and a temperature range of 72 – 78°F (22 – 26°C).  It feeds on worms, benthic crustaceans, insects, and plant matter.  It lays eggs in dense vegetation and adults do not guard the eggs.

DGH
Degrees of general hardness (dGH or °GH) is a unit of water hardness, specifically of general hardness. General hardness is a measure of the concentration of divalent metal ions such as calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+) per volume of water. Specifically, 1 dGH is defined as 10 milligrams (mg) of calcium oxide (CaO) per litre of water. Since CaO has a molar mass of 56.08 g/mol, 1 dGH is equivalent to 0.17832 mmol per litre of elemental calcium and/or magnesium ions.

In water testing hardness is often measured in parts per million (ppm), where one part per million is defined as one milligram of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) per litre of water.  Consequently, 1 dGH corresponds to 10 ppm CaO but 17.848 ppm CaCO3 which has a molar mass of 100.09 g/mol.
Kaisi Yeh Yaariaan
Kaisi Yeh Yaariaan (How Is This Friendship) is an Indian television series that premiered on MTV India on 21 July 2014. It ran for two seasons before it was cancelled at MTV. The third and fourth seasons debuted over the air on Voot in May 2018 and December 2022, respectively. The fifth season premiered on JioCinema on 2 September 2023.

JioCinema
JioCinema was an Indian subscription video-on-demand over-the-top streaming service owned by Viacom18. The service was merged with Disney+ Hotstar on 14 February 2025, to form JioHotstar.

In April 2022, the service was brought under Reliance's Viacom18 joint venture, backed by new funding from Uday Shankar and James Murdoch's Bodhi Tree Systems. JioCinema began to subsume Viacom18's existing streaming platform Voot later that year, beginning with sports programming in October, and Voot being officially discontinued in favour of JioCinema in August 2023.
Geberic
Geberic was a king of the Goths of the fourth century AD, reported in the 6th by Jordanes in his history of the Amal dynasty-led Goths, the Getica.

According to Jordanes, he succeeded Ariaric and conquered Dacia, which had become the territory of the Vandals, around 340 AD. The Vandals had been led by their king, Visimar. Their defeat led to the Vandals seeking and obtaining permission to settle in Pannonia.

Geberic spent the rest of his life fighting and died around 350 AD. According to Jordanes, Geberic was succeeded by Ermanaric as the sole King of the Goths. Ermanaric, who was described by Ammianus Marcellinus as a king of the Greuthungi, was defeated by Huns from the east, who had defeated and joined forces with Alans living near the Don river.

Jordanes
Jordanes (/dʒɔːrˈdeɪniːz/; Greek: Ιορδάνης), also written as Jordanis or Jornandes, was a 6th-century Eastern Roman bureaucrat, of Gothic descent, who became a historian later in life.

He wrote two works, one on Roman history (Romana) and the other on the Goths (Getica). The latter, along with Isidore of Seville's Historia Gothorum, is one of only two extant ancient works dealing with the early history of the Goths. Other writers, such as Procopius, wrote works on the later history of the Goths. Getica has been the object of much critical review. Jordanes wrote in Late Latin rather than the classical Ciceronian Latin. According to his own introduction, he had only three days to review what Cassiodorus had written and so he must also have relied on his own knowledge.
Ludic interface
A ludic interface is an inherently "playful" type of computer interface. This field of human–computer interaction research and design draws on concepts introduced by Dutch historian and cultural theorist Johan Huizinga in the book Homo Ludens ("Man the Player" or "Playing Man").
Huizinga's work is considered an important contribution to the development of game studies.

The various tools and concepts associated with ludic interface development differ from mainstream technological systems that employ human computer interfacing and interaction. Ludic interfaces tend to be  more playful, are user-generated and user-driven, flexible, low-cost and cooperative. Such interfaces are often experimental and draw upon methods and knowledge from video game design,  interactive media, modding cultures, media conversion, and social networking. The goal of ludic interface design is to create interfacing technology that offers ease of use and is inherently playful.

Interface (computing)
In computing, an interface is a shared boundary across which two or more separate components of a computer system exchange information. The exchange can be between software, computer hardware, peripheral devices, humans, and combinations of these. Some computer hardware devices, such as a touchscreen, can both send and receive data through the interface, while others such as a mouse or microphone may only provide an interface to send data to a given system.
Central Province Rugby Football Union
The Central Province Rugby Football Union (CPRFU) is the governing body for rugby union in Central Province, Sri Lanka.

The CPRFU was established in 1992 and is conducted in accordance with the SLRFU guidelines and constitution. At its peak in 2002 the CPRFU included top clubs Kandy SC, Dimbula Athletic & Cricket Club, Dickoya Maskeliya CC, Peradeniya University, OTSC and Kandy Youth, all of whom have at one time or another competed in the SLRFU ‘A’ Division competition. The CPRFU also embarked in forming 'B' division clubs, which included Katugastota Rugby Football Club, Polgolla Rugby Football Club, Mawilmada Rugby Football Club, Matale Rugby Football Club, Nuwra Eliya Rugby Football Club and Pilimatalawa Rugby Football Club and by 2008 had 18 clubs playing in the up-country rugby league.

There were 52 schools in the Central Province engaged in rugby apart from the Schools Association schools teams, Trinity, Kingswood, St. Anthony's, Dharmaraja and Vidyartha.

Dharmaraja College
Dharmaraja College (Sinhala: ධර්මරාජ  විද්‍යාලය), founded in 1887, is a boys' school in Kandy, Sri Lanka. It is a Buddhist school with around 300+ teaching staff and over 4,000 students.

A land area of 220,000 square metres (54 acres) is owned by the school spreading over half of the Dharmaraja hill. Dharmaraja has one of the oldest scout troops in the world, the 1st Kandy Dharmaraja Scout Group, which was established in 1913. It is one of the first Sri Lankan schools to start playing cricket. It has consistently ranked among the first two boys schools in Sri Lanka in the preference rankings based on year 5 scholarship examinees' preferences.
West Oak Forest Earthlodge Site
The West Oak Forest Earthlodge Site is a historic site located near Glenwood, Iowa, United States.  It was discovered in 2009 by local archeologist Dennis Miller who found a depression of about 20 feet (6.1 m) in diameter, and a maximum depth of 24 inches (61 cm) below the surrounding area.  It was authenticated by the Office of the State Archeologist the following year.  This is one of 29 known earthlodges that exist from the Nebraska Phase of the Central Plains tradition (CPT) dating to the Plains Village Period.  The earthlodges were dwellings that were composed of four central support posts, surrounded by shorter outer wall posts, with wattle and daub walls and roof.  The depression in the earth was caused by the natural decay and caving-in of the earthlodge itself.  In addition to the depression there have been 231 artifacts found at the site that dates from sometime between 1250 and 1400 C.E.  The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.

Glenwood, Iowa
Glenwood is the largest city in and the county seat of Mills County, Iowa, United States. The population was 5,073 in the 2020 census, a decline from 5,358 in 2000. The city was originally founded by Mormons, before they left for Utah. After the Second World War, Glenwood became a center for meatpacking, particularly kosher meatpacking. Glenwood was impacted by significant flooding in 2019.
Chris Mooney (journalist)
Christopher Cole Mooney (born September 20, 1977) is an American journalist, professor at the  University of Virginia and author of four books including  The Republican War on Science (2005). Mooney's writing focuses on subjects such as climate change denialism and creationism in public schools, and he has been described as "one of the few journalists in the country who specialize in the now dangerous intersection of science and politics." In 2020 he was awarded a Pulitzer Prize for a series of articles on global warming published in The Washington Post.

Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company (HMH)
(/ˈhoʊtən/,
HOH-tən)
is an American publisher of textbooks, instructional technology materials, assessments, and reference works. The company is based in the Boston Financial District. It was formerly known as the Houghton Mifflin Company, but it changed its name following the 2007 acquisition of Harcourt Publishing. Before March 2010, it was a subsidiary of Education Media and Publishing Group Limited, an Irish-owned holding company registered in the Cayman Islands and formerly known as Riverdeep. In 2022, it was acquired by Veritas Capital, a New York–based private-equity firm.
Misfit (songwriter)
Moon Doo-ri, better known by her stage name as Misfit (also known as Miss Pitt), is a South Korean songwriter, lyricist and artist. She is one of the studio artists at SM Entertainment headquarters in Seoul. Misfit has penned the lyrics of songs for various SM Town artists including BoA, TRAX, Super Junior, Girls' Generation, Shinee, f(x), Red Velvet and Exo as well as Jellyfish Entertainment's VIXX.

Lucifer (Shinee album)
Lucifer is the second studio album by South Korean boy band Shinee, released on July 19, 2010, in South Korea. It features "Lucifer" as the lead single. It was re-released as Hello on October 4, 2010. The album is listed by Gaon Album Chart as the sixth best-selling album of 2010 in South Korea, with over 120,000 copies sold.
Cello Concerto No. 1 (Haydn)
The Cello Concerto No. 1 in C major, Hob. VIIb/1, by Joseph Haydn was composed around 1761–1765 for longtime friend Joseph Franz Weigl, then the principal cellist of Prince Nicolaus's Esterházy Orchestra.

The work was presumed lost until 1961, when musicologist Oldřich Pulkert discovered a copy of the score at the Prague National Museum. Though some doubts have been raised about the authenticity of the work, most experts believe that Haydn did compose this concerto.

Nikolaus I, Prince Esterházy
Nikolaus I, Prince Esterházy (Hungarian: Esterházy I. Miklós, German: Nikolaus I. Joseph Fürst Esterhazy; 18 December 1714 – 28 September 1790) was a Hungarian prince, a member of the famous Esterházy family. His building of palaces, extravagant clothing, and taste for opera and other grand musical productions led to his being given the title "the Magnificent". He is remembered as the principal employer of the composer Joseph Haydn.
Clark Kinsey
Clark Kinsey (1877–1956) was a photographer from Snoqualmie, Washington. Kinsey concentrated on documentation of Washington State's forestry industry beginning at the turn of the 20th century, starting in 1913. His most productive period was in the 1920s and 1930s.

Clark and his brother Darius Kinsey were born in Grant Township, Nodaway County, Missouri, and spent their childhood in Snoqualmie, Washington as part of the first settler family household there. His brother Darius also worked in Washington; they divided the logging territory of Western Washington so that Clark worked south of Seattle and Darius north of the city.

Wood industry
The wood industry or timber industry (sometimes lumber industry – when referring mainly to sawed boards) is the industry concerned with forestry, logging, timber trade, and the production of primary forest products and wood products (e.g. furniture) and secondary products like wood pulp for the pulp and paper industry. Some of the largest producers are also among the biggest owners of forest. The wood industry has historically been and continues to be an important sector in many economies.
Little Kentucky River
The Little Kentucky River is a tributary of the Ohio River, approximately 37 miles (60 km) long, in northern Kentucky in the United States.

It rises in southwestern Henry County, approximately 30 miles (48 km) northeast of Louisville. It follows a winding course generally north across Trimble and Carroll counties. It joins the Ohio 2 miles (3 km) west of Carrollton, and approximately 1 mile (1.6 km) west of the mouth of the Kentucky River.

Carroll County, Kentucky
Carroll County is a county located in the northern part of the U.S. state of Kentucky. Its county seat is Carrollton. The county was formed in 1838 and named for Charles Carroll of Carrollton, the last living signer of the Declaration of Independence. It is located at the confluence of the Kentucky and Ohio Rivers.