hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hampstead (UK Parliament constituency)
Hampstead was a borough constituency, centered on the Hampstead area of North London. It returned one Member of Parliament (MP)  to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, who was elected using the first-past-the-post voting system.

It was created for the 1885 general election, and abolished for the 1983 general election, when it was partly replaced by the new Hampstead and Highgate constituency.

1885 United Kingdom general election
The 1885 United Kingdom general election was held from 24 November to 18 December 1885. The first general election after an extension of the franchise and redistribution of seats, it saw the Liberals lose their majority.

The election saw the Liberals, led by William Gladstone, win the most seats, but not an overall majority, so a minority government was necessary. The Irish Nationalists held the balance of power between the Liberals and the Conservatives who sat with a large number of allied Unionist MPs (their name referred to their support for the Union of Great Britain and Ireland). The pressure of minority government status exacerbated divisions within the Liberals over Irish Home Rule. This led to a Liberal split that caused another general election the following year.

The 1885 election saw the first socialist party participate, with the Social Democratic Federation led by H. M. Hyndman standing three candidates. None were elected.
Raja Mariyadhai
Raja Mariyadhai (transl. The Royal respect) is a 1987 Indian Tamil-language comedy drama film directed by Karthick Raghunath. The film stars Sivaji Ganesan, Karthik, and Jeevitha. It is a remake of the Telugu film Simham Navvindi. The film was released on 14 January 1987.

Karthik (actor)
Murali Karthikeyan Muthuraman (born 13 September 1960), better known by his stage name Karthik, is an Indian actor, playback singer and politician who works in Tamil cinema. He is the son of veteran actor R. Muthuraman. Karthik was one of the prominent stars in the industry in the 80s and 90s. He was first introduced by Bharathiraja in the Tamil film Alaigal Oivathillai (1981) and became a lead actor in Tamil films eventually. He has also appeared in some Telugu films where he was initially credited as Murali. Karthik is known in the industry as Navarasa Nayagan, as he is often appreciated for his ability to emote all forms of actions and emotions. He has acted in more than 125 films. He has been the recipient of four Tamil Nadu State Film Awards, a Nandi Award and four Filmfare Awards South.
HMS Hawke (1891)
HMS Hawke, launched in 1891 from Chatham Dockyard, was the seventh Royal Navy warship to be named Hawke. She was an Edgar-class protected cruiser.

After commissioning in 1893, Hawke served in the Mediterranean Fleet, the International Squadron during the Cretan Revolt (1897–1898), and various other duties, including transporting relief crews to naval stations.  In September 1911, Hawke collided with the ocean liner RMS Olympic; the damage smashed Hawke's bow. During World War I, Hawke was part of the 10th Cruiser Squadron, performing blockade duties. She was sunk by the German U-boat U-9 in the North Sea in October 1914, resulting in the loss of 524 crew members.

The wreck of Hawke was discovered in August 2024, 70 miles (110 km) off the coast of Scotland.

Cretan Revolt (1897–1898)
The Cretan Revolt of 1897–1898 was a successful insurrection by the Greek Orthodox population of Crete against the rule of the Ottoman Empire after decades of rising tensions. The Greek insurrectionists received supplies and armed support first from the Kingdom of Greece; then later from the Great Powers: the United Kingdom, France, Italy and Russia. The  conflict ended in 1898 with Cretan-allied victory and Ottoman retreat when the Great Powers cut their funding and proposed a resolution which stipulated that the Island of Crete become an autonomous state under the nominal sovereignty of the Ottoman Empire, with the Prince George of Greece as governor, The Ottoman Empire recognize the sovereignty of the Kingdom of Greece and the Kingdom of Greece recognize the sovereignty of the Ottoman Empire.
Kelemedi Bulewa
Kelemedi Rakuve Bulewa [ke le me ndi mbu le wa] (May 16, 1951 – 2004) was a Fijian lawyer and former politician, who served as Attorney General of Fiji from 1992 to 1996.

Bulewa was known for his strongly pro-ethnic Fijian views and was often associated with the nationalist Taukei movement that was supportive of the 1987 coups.

Bulewa was elected to the House of Representatives in the 1992 election, the first post-coup election, and was appointed Attorney General later that year upon the resignation of Apaitia Seru.

Bulewa disagreed with, and attempted to change, laws dating from colonial times, that repressed the practice of the pre-Christian Fijian religion, saying that while he was not advocating it, he believed that freedom to practice it should be allowed for. Although most Fijians were now Christians, he said, many had only reluctantly abandoned worship of their ancestral gods.

Bulewa was supportive of calls for the dependency of Rotuma to be given self-government.

1987 Fijian coups d'état
The Fijian coups d'état of 1987 resulted in the overthrow of the elected government of Fijian Prime Minister Timoci Bavadra, the deposition of Elizabeth II as Queen of Fiji, and in the declaration of a republic.  The first coup d'état, in which Bavadra was deposed, took place on 14 May 1987; a second coup d'état on 25 September ended the monarchy, and was shortly followed by the proclamation of a republic on 10 October.  Both military actions were led by Lieutenant Colonel Sitiveni Rabuka, then third in command of the Royal Fiji Military Forces.
Northern Education Trust
Northern Education Trust is a multi-academy trust operating in the North of England, established in 2010. It operates both primary and secondary academies. The Northern Education Trust (NET) is a founder and member of the Northern Alliance of Trusts.

Multi-academy trust
Multi-Academy Trust (MAT) or academy chain is an academy trust that operates more than one academy school. Academy schools are state-funded schools in England which are directly funded by the Department for Education and independent of local authority control. The terms of the arrangements are set out in individual Academy Funding Agreements. The group of schools in a multi-academy trust work together under a shared academy funding agreement.

BESA, the British Educational Suppliers Association  states that in November 2019 there are 1,170 Multi Academy Trusts in England that manage at least two schools: 598 have five or fewer schools, 259 have 6-11 schools, 85 have between 12-25 schools and 29 have 26 or more schools.
Matthews Kambale
Matthews Kambale (born 27 December 1952) is a Malawian former long-distance runner.

At the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, Matthews ran the men's marathon, finishing in 56th place with a time of 2:45:50. Kambale competed in both the 10,000 metres and the marathon at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles: He finished twelfth in heat two of the 10,000 metres and so failed to qualify for the next round, and he did not complete the marathon.

He finished 26th in the 1982 Commonwealth Games marathon.

Athletics at the 1982 Commonwealth Games – Men's marathon
The men's marathon event was held on 8 October 1982. It started and finished at South Brisbane, next to the Brisbane River in Stanley Street.Brisbane, Australia.

Two of the Tanzanians, Juma Ikangaa and reigning champion Gidamis Shahanga, opened up a large lead (58 seconds at the 30 km mark), but Rob de Castella closed the gap in the final kilometres to win.
Sukhanivka, Donetsk Oblast
Sukhanivka (Ukrainian: Суханівка), previously known as Andriivka (Ukrainian: Андріївка) between 1938 and 2024, is a rural settlement (a selyshche) in Kramatorsk Raion, Donetsk Oblast, eastern Ukraine. It is subordinate to Sloviansk urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. It has a population of 833 (2022 estimate).

Kramatorsk Raion
Kramatorsk Raion (Ukrainian: Краматорський район, romanized: Kramatorskyi raion; Russian: Краматорский район, romanized: Kramatorsky rayon) is a raion (district) of Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine. It was created in July 2020 as part of the reform of administrative divisions of Ukraine. The center of the raion is the city of Kramatorsk. Population: 543,371 (2022 estimate).

The 2020 administrative reform increased the raion in size merging with Oleksandrivka Raion, Lyman Raion, Kostiantynivka Raion, and Sloviansk Raion. All cities of regional significance within those raions were brought under the raion administration, including Kramatorsk, Sloviansk, Kostiantynivka, Druzhkivka, and Lyman.
Operation Dragon Fire (Vietnam)
Operation Dragon Fire was an operation conducted by the South Korean 2nd Marine Brigade on the Batangan Peninsula, Quảng Ngãi Province, lasting from 5 September to 31 October 1967.: 282  The event and much of Korean Marines activities in the region was described as part of a wide-scale depopulation of the region.: 43

Batangan Peninsula
The Ba Làng An Peninsula (Vietnamese: mũi Ba Làng An, lit. 'land nose of Three Villages called An') is a peninsula in Quảng Ngãi Province, Vietnam, northeast of Quảng Ngãi and 32 kilometres (20 mi) south of Chu Lai. The name was often mispronounced as "Ba Tang An" and known as Batangan during the Vietnam War, although Far Eastern Economic Review and other sources continue to refer to the "Ba Lang An peninsula".
Ochre Point–Cliffs Historic District
The Ochre Point–Cliffs Historic District is a historic district in Newport, Rhode Island.  The district includes a significant subset of the Bellevue Avenue Historic District, a National Historic Landmark District, including all of the major Gilded Age mansions on the waterfront facing Easton Bay between Memorial Boulevard and Marine Avenue.  The district is home to famous mansions such as the William Watts Sherman House and The Breakers, one of the largest houses in the area built by the Vanderbilt Family.  The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.

It includes Bois Doré, a French chateau-style mansion built in 1927, designed by New York architect Charles A. Platt for William Fahnestock, a New York banker.

National Historic Landmark District
A National Historic Landmark District (NHLD) is a geographical area that has received recognition from the United States Government that the buildings, landscapes, cultural features and archaeological resources within it are of the highest significance and worthy of preservation.
Guido Rudin
Guido Rudin (born 13 January 1963) was a Swiss footballer who played in the 1980s. He played mainly as defender, but also as midfielder.

Rudin played his youth football with FC Basel and joined their first team in their 1982–83 season under head coach Rainer Ohlhauser. In that season he played in just one test match as Basel won against Old Boys 2–0 on the Schützenmatte. After another three test matches, Rudin played his domestic league debut for the club in the away game in the Stade Tourbillon in Sion, on 13 November 1982 as Basel were defeated 3–5 by FC Sion.

Between the years 1982 and 1985 Rudin played a total of 36 games for Basel scoring just one goal. 11 of these games were in the Nationalliga A, one was in the Swiss Cup and 24 were friendly games. He scored his only goal in the test game on 30 January 1985 as Basel won 1–0 against German team 1. FC Herzogenaurach during a trainings camp in Lanzarote.

Sion, Switzerland
Sion (French pronunciation: [sjɔ̃] ⓘ, German: Sitten [ˈzɪtn̩] ⓘ; former Italian: Seduno; Latin: Sedunum) is a Swiss town situated in the Rhône valley, a municipality, and the capital of the canton of Valais and of the district of Sion. As of December 2020 it had a population of 34,978 (known as Sédunois(es)).

On 17 January 1968, the former municipality of Bramois merged into the municipality of Sion. On 1 January 2013, the former municipality of Salins merged into the municipality of Sion, and on 1 January 2017, Les Agettes did the same.

Landmarks in Sion include the Basilique de Valère and the Château de Tourbillon. Sion has an airfield for civilian and military use, which serves as a base for air rescue missions.
Family Justice Council
The Family Justice Council, established in 2004, is an advisory, non-statutory, non-departmental public body sponsored by the Judicial Office of England and Wales. It provides independent expert advice, from an inter-disciplinary perspective, on the operation and reform of the family justice system to the Family Justice Board (jointly chaired by ministers from the Ministry of Justice and Department for Education) and Government.  It is chaired by the President of the Family Division and as of 2025, the chair is Sir Andrew McFarlane.

Non-departmental public body
In the United Kingdom, non-departmental public body (NDPB) is a classification applied by the Cabinet Office, Treasury, the Scottish Government, and the Northern Ireland Executive to public sector organisations that have a role in the process of national government but are not part of a government department. NDPBs carry out their work largely independently from ministers and are accountable to the public through Parliament; however, ministers are responsible for the independence, effectiveness, and efficiency of non-departmental public bodies in their portfolio.

The term includes the four types of NDPB (executive, advisory, tribunal, and independent monitoring boards) but excludes public corporations and public broadcasters (BBC, Channel 4, and S4C).
Archdiocese of Białystok
The Archdiocese of Białystok (Latin: Bialostocen(sis); Belarusian: Беластоцкая архідыяцэзія, romanized: Biełastockaja archidyjacezia) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or archdiocese of the Catholic Church in Podlaskie Voivodeship, Northeastern Poland. It is a metropolitan see with two suffragan dioceses.

Its cathedral archiepiscopal see is Bazylika Archikatedralna Wniebowzięcia NMP, a minor basilica in the episcopal see of Białystok. It also has a second minor basilica : Bazylika Ofiarowania Najświętszej Marii Panny, dedicated to the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary, in Różanystok.

There are currently 431 priests in the Archdiocese. The most recent death of a priest was that of Fr. Józef Jaroma on 12 August at age 88. The most recent ordination took place on 24 May when two priests were ordained.

Metropolis (religious jurisdiction)
A metropolis, metropolitanate or metropolitan diocese is an episcopal see whose bishop is the metropolitan bishop or archbishop of an ecclesiastical province. Metropolises, historically, have been important cities in their provinces.
2024 Dallas Open – Singles
Tommy Paul defeated Marcos Giron in the final, 7–6(7–3), 5–7, 6–3 to win the singles tennis title at the 2024 Dallas Open. It was his second ATP Tour title.

Wu Yibing was the reigning champion, but did not participate this year.

Wu Yibing
Wu Yibing (Chinese: 吴易昺; pinyin: Wú Yìbǐng; Mandarin pronunciation: [ǔ î pìŋ]; born 14 October 1999) is a Chinese professional tennis player. Wu is the first Chinese player in the Open Era to reach and to win an ATP Tour-level singles final, doing so at the 2023 Dallas Open. He has been ranked as high as No. 54 by the ATP, which he first achieved on 29 May 2023, making him the third highest-ranked male Chinese player in history, behind Zhang Zhizhen and Shang Juncheng. He also has a career-high doubles ranking of world No. 295, achieved on 23 April 2018. He is currently the No. 1 Chinese player.

Wu became the world No. 1 in the ITF Junior Circuit ranking after winning the boys' singles title at the 2017 US Open.

Wu represented China at the 2017 Davis Cup, where he has a win/loss record of 1–0. He defeated Jason Jung in his first Davis Cup match.
Harold Pollock
Harold Raymond Pollock (7 September 1909 – 10 January 1984) was a New Zealand rugby union player. He was a utility back, although his preferred position was at fullback. Pollock represented Wellington at a provincial level, and was a member of the New Zealand national side, the All Blacks, in 1932 and 1936. He played eight matches for the All Blacks including five internationals, scoring 41 points in all.

He was selected by the editors of the 1937 Rugby Almanac of New Zealand as one of their 5 players of the year.

Wellington (National Provincial Championship)
Wellington (often known as the Wellington Lions) are a New Zealand professional rugby union team based in Wellington, New Zealand. The union was originally established in 1879, with the National Provincial Championship established in 1976. They now play in the reformed National Provincial Championship competition. They play their home games at Sky Stadium in Wellington. The team is affiliated with the Hurricanes Super Rugby franchise. Their home playing colours are black and gold.
1995 Tour de France, Prologue to Stage 10
The 1995 Tour de France was the 82nd edition of Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Tour began in Saint-Brieuc with a prologue individual time trial on 1 July and Stage 10 occurred on 12 July with a mountainous stage to Alpe d'Huez. The race finished on the Champs-Élysées in Paris on 23 July.

Charleroi
Charleroi (UK: /ˈʃɑːrlə.rwʌ/, US: /-rɔɪ, -rwɑː/, French: [ʃaʁləʁwa] ⓘ; Walloon: Tchålerwè [tʃɑːlɛʀwɛ]) is a city and a municipality of Wallonia, located in the province of Hainaut, Belgium. It is the largest city in both Hainaut and Wallonia. The city is situated in the valley of the Sambre, in the south-west of Belgium, not far from the border with France. By 1 January 2008, the total population of Charleroi was 201,593. The metropolitan area, including the outer commuter zone, covers an area of 1,462 square kilometres (564 sq mi) with a total population of 522,522 by 1 January 2008, ranking it as the 5th most populous in Belgium after Brussels, Antwerp, Liège, and Ghent. The inhabitants are called Carolorégiens or simply Carolos.
Kunjukrishnan Nadar Memorial Government Arts and Science College
Kunjukrishnan Nadar Memorial Government Arts and Science College, is a general degree college located in Kanjiramkulam, Thiruvananthapuram district, Kerala. It was established in the year 1982. The college is affiliated with Kerala University. This college offers different courses in arts, commerce and science. It is the smallest college in India.

University of Kerala
University of Kerala, commonly referred to as Kerala University (KU, ISO: Kēraḷa Sarvakālāśāla), formerly known as University of Travancore is a public state university in Thiruvananthapuram, the capital of Kerala, India. It was established in 1937 by a promulgation of the Maharajah of Travancore, Chithira Thirunal Balarama Varma who was also the first Chancellor of the university. C. P. Ramaswamy Iyer, the then Diwan (Prime Minister) of the State was the first Vice-Chancellor. It was the first university in Kerala, and among the first in the country. It is accredited by NAAC with highest grade of 'A++' and scored 3.67 points out of 4.

The university has over 150 affiliated colleges and has sixteen faculties and 43 Departments of teaching and research. The Governor of Kerala serves as the Chancellor of university.
5-nitroanthranilic acid aminohydrolase
5-nitroanthranilic acid aminohydrolase (EC 3.5.99.8, naaA (gene), 5NAA deaminase) is an enzyme with systematic name 5-nitroanthranilate amidohydrolase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

5-nitroanthranilate + H2O  5-nitrosalicylate + NH3

The enzyme is present in Bradyrhizobium sp. strain JS329.

Bradyrhizobium
Bradyrhizobium is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria, many of which fix nitrogen. Nitrogen fixation is an important part of the nitrogen cycle. Plants cannot use atmospheric nitrogen (N2); they must use nitrogen compounds such as nitrates.
Johann Gutslaff
Johann(es) Gutslaff (died 1657 in Tallinn) was a Baltic-German clergyman, scholar, Estonian language enthusiast, Bible translator, and folklore collector.

He studied at Greifswald University (1632) and at Leipzig University (1634).

In 1639 he came to Estonia. There he attended the Faculty of Theology at Tartu University. At the university, he also studied South Estonian.  From 1641 to 1656 he was a pastor in Urvaste, and there he wrote all his works.

He died of the plague in 1657 in Tallinn.

Urvaste
Urvaste (Võro: Urvastõ; German: Anzen) is a village in Antsla Parish, Võru County, in southeastern Estonia.

Before the 2017 Administrative Reform, the village belonged to Urvaste Parish.

Tamme-Lauri oak, the thickest and oldest tree in Estonia, is located near Urvaste.
Willgerodt rearrangement
The Willgerodt rearrangement or Willgerodt reaction is an organic reaction converting an aryl alkyl ketone, alkyne, or alkene to the corresponding amide by reaction with ammonium polysulfide, named after Conrad Willgerodt. The formation of the corresponding carboxylic acid is a side reaction resulting from hydrolysis of the amide. When the alkyl group is an aliphatic chain (n typically 0 to 5), multiple reactions take place with the amide group always ending up at the terminal end.   The net effect is thus migration of the carbonyl group to the end of the chain and oxidation.

An example with modified reagents (sulfur, concentrated ammonium hydroxide and pyridine) is the conversion of acetophenone to 2-phenylacetamide and phenylacetic acid

Side reaction
A side reaction is a chemical reaction that occurs at the same time as the actual main reaction, but to a lesser extent. It leads to the formation of by-product, so that the yield of main product is reduced:

P1 is the main product if k1> k2. The by-product P2 is generally undesirable and must be separated from the actual main product (usually in a costly process).
Lane Public School
Lane Independent School District No. C-22, operating as Lane Public School, is a school district, consisting of a single K-8 school, headquartered in Lane, Oklahoma.

It includes the majority of the Lane census-designated place. The district also includes the unincorporated area of Farris.

Students above the eighth grade who graduated from the Lane School on most occasions select Atoka High School in (of Atoka Public Schools) or Stringtown high school (of Stringtown School District).

Atoka, Oklahoma
Atoka is a city in and the county seat of Atoka County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 3,195 as of the 2020 Census, a 2.4% increase over the 3,107 reported at the 2010 census, which was itself an increase of 4.0 percent from the figure of 2,988 in 2000.

The city was settled by the Choctaw and named in 1867 by a Baptist missionary for Chief Atoka, whose name means "ball ground" in English.
Association of Shinto Shrines
The Association of Shinto Shrines (神社本庁, Jinja Honchō) is a religious administrative organisation that oversees about 80,000 Shinto shrines in Japan. These shrines take the Ise Grand Shrine as the foundation of their belief. It is the largest Shrine Shinto organization in existence.

Home Ministry
The Home Ministry (内務省, Naimu-shō) was a Cabinet-level ministry established under the Meiji Constitution that managed the internal affairs of Empire of Japan from 1873 to 1947. Its duties included local administration, elections, police, monitoring people, social policy and public works. In 1938, the HM's social policy was detached from itself, then the Ministry of Health and Welfare was established. In 1947, the HM was abolished under the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers restoration, then its administrative affairs were proceeded to the National Police Agency, the Ministry of Construction, the Ministry of Home Affairs and so on.

In 2001, the MOHA was integrated with the Management and Coordination Agency and the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications, then the Ministry of Public Management, Home affairs, Posts and Telecommunications was established. In 2004, the MPHPT changed its English name into the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications.