hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Cambridge Ancient History
The Cambridge Ancient History is a multi-volume work of ancient history from prehistory to late antiquity, published by Cambridge University Press. The first series, consisting of 12 volumes, was planned in 1919 by Irish historian J. B. Bury and published between 1924 and 1939, co-edited by Frank Adcock and Stanley Arthur Cook. The second series was published between 1970 and 2005, consisting of 14 volumes in 19 books.

The Cambridge Ancient History is part of a larger series of works, along with The Cambridge Medieval History and The Cambridge Modern History, intended to cover the entire history of European civilisation.  In the original edition, it was the last in this series to appear, the first volume of the Modern History having been published in 1902, and the first volume of the Medieval History in 1911. In the second series, however, the Ancient History began to be published before the Medieval History.

C. J. Gadd
Cyril John Gadd, CBE, FBA, FSA (2 July 1893 – 2 December 1969) was a British Assyriologist, Sumerologist, and curator. He was Keeper of the  Department of Egyptian and Assyrian Antiquities, British Museum from 1948 to 1955, and Professor of Ancient Semitic Languages and Civilizations at the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London from 1955 to 1960.
Bangladeshi cricket team in New Zealand in 2007–08
The Bangladesh cricket team toured New Zealand between 19 December 2007 and 16 January 2008 to play three one day internationals (ODIs) and two Test matches. This was the second Bangladeshi tour to New Zealand (the first being their 2001–02 tour) and the third series between the two countries following New Zealand's 2004–05 tour to Bangladesh. The teams also met in the pool stage of the 2003 Cricket World Cup and at the Super 8 stage of the 2007 Cricket World Cup.

New Zealand whitewashed Bangladesh in both the ODI and Test series, leaving them still searching for their first win against New Zealand in an official match. They did beat New Zealand in a warm-up match for the 2007 World Cup; however this was not recognised as an official match. Similarly, Bangladesh beat a New Zealand XI on this tour but, as this was not an official New Zealand team, it did not count as an official match either.

Mohammad Nazmul Hossain
Mohammad Nazmul Hossain (born 5 October 1987) is a Bangladeshi former cricketer. He was born in Habiganj, Bangladesh.

Nazmul Hossain was part of the 13-man Bangladesh squad that won the cricket tournament at the 2010 Asian Games in late November that year. They faced Afghanistan in the final and won by five wickets, securing the country's first gold medal at the Asian Games.
Jon Gindick
Jon Gindick (born September 10, 1948, Hollywood, California, United States, died August 29, 2025) was an American best-selling musical instruction author. His books, CDs, and videos on playing the blues harmonica have sold over 2,000,000 copies. He put on 'Blues Harmonica Jam Camp,' a traveling seminar for harmonica players of all levels. Gindick was also a blues guitarist and singer.

Seminar
A seminar is a form of academic instruction, either at an academic institution or offered by a commercial or professional organization. It has the function of bringing together small groups for recurring meetings, focusing each time on some particular subject, in which everyone present is requested to participate. This is often accomplished through an ongoing Socratic dialogue with a seminar leader or instructor, or through a more formal presentation of research. It is essentially a place where assigned readings are discussed, questions can be raised and debates can be conducted.
Digrammia continuata
Digrammia continuata, the curve-lined angle, is a species of moth of the  family Geometridae. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from New Brunswick to Florida, west to California and north to Manitoba.

The wingspan is about 22–24 mm. Adults are on wing from March to August in two generations per year.

The larvae feed on Juniperus virginiana and Thuja occidentalis. Full-grown larvae reach a length of about 29 mm. The species overwinters in the pupal stage in soil or amongst debris.

Juniperus virginiana
Juniperus virginiana, also known as eastern redcedar, red cedar, Virginian juniper, eastern juniper, red juniper, and other local names, is a species of juniper native to eastern North America from southeastern Canada to the Gulf of Mexico and east of the Great Plains. Farther west it is replaced by the related Juniperus scopulorum (Rocky Mountain juniper) and to the southwest by Juniperus ashei (Ashe juniper).  It is not to be confused with Thuja occidentalis (eastern white cedar).
John Gaddy
John Wilson Gaddy (February 5, 1914 – May 3, 1966), nicknamed "Sheriff", was an American professional baseball player who played pitcher in the Major Leagues (MLB) for the Brooklyn Dodgers. He was the starting pitcher in two games for the Dodgers during the final week of the 1938 season.

Gaddy pitched 4 innings in his MLB debut on September 27 debut to earn the victory, 5–1, in the second game of a doubleheader over the New York Giants at Ebbets Field. His other victory came in the final game of the season, pitching a complete game as the Dodgers defeated the Philadelphia Phillies, 7–2, at Shibe Park on October 2.

Gaddy died in an automobile accident in Albemarle, North Carolina.

Ebbets Field
Ebbets Field was a Major League Baseball stadium in the Flatbush section of Brooklyn, New York. It is mainly known for having been the home of the Brooklyn Dodgers baseball team of the National League (1913–1957). It was also home to Negro league baseball's Brooklyn Eagles of the Negro National League II and to six gridiron football teams, five of which were professional and one of which was collegiate. The professional football teams consisted of three NFL teams (1921–1948), one AFL team (1936), and one AAFC team (1946–1948); Long Island University's football team (whose nickname was the "blackbirds" at the time) used Ebbets Field in 1939 and 1940. The stadium was demolished in 1960 and replaced by the Ebbets Field Apartments, the site's current occupant. It was located east of the Brooklyn Botanic Garden and Washington Avenue, north of Empire Boulevard, west of Bedford Avenue.
Assiniboia-Bengough
Assiniboia-Bengough was a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan, Canada. This constituency was created from the riding of Bengough and parts of other ridings before the 1971 Saskatchewan general election. This riding was only in existence for a few years, being replaced by the ridings of Bengough-Milestone and Assiniboia-Gravelbourg before the 1975 Saskatchewan general election.

1975 Saskatchewan general election
The 1975 Saskatchewan general election was held on June 11, 1975, to elect members of the  Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan. Blakeney and the NDP were re-elected to a majority government.

Both the New Democratic government of Premier Allan Blakeney and the opposition Liberal Party, led by David Steuart, dropped in support to the resurgent Progressive Conservative Party. The Tories, who were a minor force in the previous election, drew over a quarter of the 1975 electorate.
Yair Elazar Glotman
Yair Elazar Glotman is a composer and musician based in Berlin.

He releases his own music and composes film scores, most recently Netflix's "Reptile", A24's "False Positive" (co-composed with Lucy Railton) and Johann Johannsson’s film Last and First Men (co-composed with Jóhann Jóhannsson). In addition, he collaborates and contributes double bass recordings for other composers, including Hildur Guðnadóttir, Ben Frost and Geoff Barrow. His musical output within these various mediums and collaborations is strongly anchored in his training as an orchestral double bass player and in electroacoustic composition. His practice employs a range of improvisation, extended double bass techniques, and a special interest in textural, spatial and spectral compositions and combining analog and digital processing.

Audio signal processing
Audio signal processing is a subfield of signal processing that is concerned with the electronic manipulation of audio signals. Audio signals are electronic representations of sound waves—longitudinal waves which travel through air, consisting of compressions and rarefactions. The energy contained in audio signals or sound power level is typically measured in decibels.  As audio signals may be represented in either digital or analog format, processing may occur in either domain.  Analog processors operate directly on the electrical signal, while digital processors operate mathematically on its digital representation.
Clay-Chalkville High School
Clay-Chalkville High School (CCHS) is a public high school in Pinson, Alabama, a suburb of Birmingham, Alabama, United States. It is the second largest of the Jefferson County Board of Education's fourteen high schools. School colors are navy blue and silver, and the athletic teams are called the Cougars. CCHS competes in AHSAA Class 6A athletics.  The school was recognized by "Niche.com" as the 42nd "Best High School for Athletes in Alabama" among the top 50 in 2020.  CCHS was one of only two Jefferson County System schools designed among the state's more than 300 high schools.

Miss Alabama
The Miss Alabama competition is the pageant that selects the representative for the state of Alabama in the annual Miss America Competition.

Alabama has won four Miss America titles: Abbie Stockard in 2025, Deidre Downs in 2005, Heather Whitestone (the first deaf woman to win the Miss America crown) in 1995, and Yolande Betbeze in 1951. Betbeze refused to pose in a swimsuit, causing swimsuit sponsor Catalina Swimwear to pull out and ultimately start the Miss USA pageant.

Emma Terry of Leeds was crowned Miss Alabama 2025 on June 28, 2025, at Samford University's Wright Center in Birmingham, Alabama. She competed for the title of Miss America 2026 in September 2025, placing 4th runner-up.
William Kennedy (North Carolina politician)
William Kennedy (July 31, 1768 – October 11, 1834) was a member of the United States House of Representatives from North Carolina. He was born near Washington, North Carolina. He graduated from the University of Pennsylvania at Philadelphia in 1782.

Kennedy was elected as a Democratic-Republican to the Eighth United States Congress in 1802, serving from 1803 to 1805.

He was again elected to Congress in 1808, serving in the Eleventh United States Congress.  Kennedy's re-election bid was defeated by Thomas Blount in 1810, though Kennedy was subsequently elected in a special election to fill the vacancy caused by Blount's death.  He served the remainder of the term in the Twelfth United States Congress, and in 1812 won re-election for the Thirteenth United States Congress.

Kennedy died in Washington, North Carolina in 1834.  He is interred in Kennedy Cemetery, near Washington, NC.

11th United States Congress
The 11th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from March 4, 1809, to March 4, 1811, during the first two years of James Madison's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1800 United States census. Both chambers had a Democratic-Republican majority.
Punisher Kills the Marvel Universe
Punisher Kills the Marvel Universe is a 1995 one-shot comic book published by Marvel Comics. It is a satire of 1990s comic books, aimed at fans. Written by Garth Ennis and illustrated by Doug Braithwaite with most inking done by Michael L. Halblieb, the story depicts Frank Castle killing every superhero and supervillain in the Marvel Universe after his family is killed.

One-shot (comics)
In comics, a one-shot is a work composed of a single standalone issue or chapter, contrasting a limited series or ongoing series, which are composed of multiple issues or chapters. One-shots date back to the early 19th century, published in newspapers, and today may be in the form of single published comic books, parts of comic magazines/anthologies or published online on websites. In the marketing industry, some one-shots are used as promotion tools that tie in with existing productions, films, video games or television shows.
Archer Maclean
Archer Donald Maclean (28 January 1962 – 17 December 2022) was a British video game programmer. He was the author of Dropzone which he developed for the Atari 8-bit computers and was ported to other systems. Maclean also developed the Commodore 64 version of International Karate and the sequel, IK+ which was developed for the Commodore 64 and ported to other systems. He was also known for his series of snooker and pool games, which commenced with Jimmy White's Whirlwind Snooker in 1991 (originally called 147).

Maclean left Awesome Studios—the studio he helped found and establish—in July 2005 and ran Awesome Play.

Maclean died on 17 December 2022, at the age of 60.

Video game programmer
A game programmer is a software engineer, programmer, or computer scientist who primarily develops codebases for video games or related software, such as game development tools. Game programming has many specialized disciplines, all of which fall under the umbrella term of "game programmer". A game programmer should not be confused with a game designer, who works on game design.
Never Gone Tour
The Never Gone Tour is the sixth headlining concert tour by American boy band, the Backstreet Boys. The tour was launched in support of their fifth studio album, Never Gone (2005). It is the last BSB tour with all five members of the group, as Kevin Richardson left the band shortly after the tour concluded on June 23, 2006. However, Richardson permanently returned to the band on April 29, 2012.

The tour grossed an estimated $49.5 million within 79 tour dates.

Kevin Richardson (musician)
Kevin Scott Richardson (born October 3, 1971) is an American pop singer, best known as a member of the vocal group the Backstreet Boys. Richardson was inducted into the Kentucky Music Hall of Fame with his cousin and bandmate Brian Littrell in 2015.
2019 Kobe Challenger – Doubles
Gonçalo Oliveira and Akira Santillan were the defending champions but chose to defend their title with different partners. Oliveira partnered Brydan Klein but withdrew in the first round. Santillan partnered Bradley Mousley but lost in the first round to Nam Ji-sung and Song Min-kyu.

Purav Raja and Ramkumar Ramanathan won the title after defeating André Göransson and Christopher Rungkat 7–6(8–6), 6–3 in the final.

Song Min-kyu (tennis)
Song Min-kyu (born 25 August 1990) is a South Korean tennis player.

Song has a career high ATP singles ranking of No. 587 achieved on 20 May 2019 and a career high ATP doubles ranking of No. 113 achieved on 2 March 2020. Song has won three Challenger doubles titles.

Song has represented South Korea at the Davis Cup, where he has a win–loss record of 1–5 as of 12 September 2022.
Ametlla de Mar Observatory
Ametlla de Mar Observatory is an astronomical observatory situated in L'Ametlla de Mar in the autonomous Catalonia region of Spain. It has received the IAU observatory code 946 and is operated by Catalan astronomer Jaume Nomen. The observatory participates in the "Unicorn Project" and in the  Minor Planet Astrometry group (Grup d'Estudis Astronòmics, GEA).

The Minor Planet Center credits the Ametlla de Mar Observatory with the discovery of 12 numbered minor planets between 2001 and 2002. As of 2016, all numbered bodies remain unnamed and still display their provisional designation.

L'Ametlla de Mar
L'Ametlla de Mar (Catalan pronunciation: [laˈmeʎʎa ðe ˈmaɾ]), also called la Cala ('the bay' or 'the beach'), is a municipality within the comarca of Baix Ebre, situated in the coastal region between the "Cap de Terme" (to the North) and the "barranc de l'Àliga" (to the south). It is limited to the south by the boundary with El Perelló, to the north-west with that of Tivissa, the Ebro riviera, and to the north-east with that of Vandellós and l'Hospitalet de l'Infant (Baix Camp).

Fishing continues to be one of the principal activities of the town. The port area of Ametlla has a large fleet of fishing boats which fish using various methods, such as trawling, and also has the principal fleet of tuna fishing boats in Catalonia. The port has a sailing club with 225 berths.

There are several large housing estates within the boundaries of L’Ametlla de Mar: Calafat, Sant Jordi d'Alfama, les Tres Cales and Roques Daurades.  The beaches are either of fine, white sand or smooth pebbles.
Franklin-4 Vermont Representative District, 2002–2012
The Franklin-4 Representative District is a one-member state Representative district in the U.S. state of Vermont.  It is one of the 108 one or two member districts into which the state was divided by the redistricting and reapportionment plan developed by the Vermont General Assembly following the 2000 United States census.  The plan applies to legislatures elected in 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, and 2010.  A new plan will be developed in 2012 following the 2010 United States census.

The Franklin-4 District includes all of the Franklin County towns of Bakersfield and Enosburgh.

As of the 2000 census, the state as a whole had a population of 608,827. As there are a total of 150 representatives, there were 4,059 residents per representative (or 8,118 residents per two representatives). The one member Franklin-4 District had a population of 4,003 in that same census, 1.38% below the state average.

Franklin County, Vermont
Franklin County is a county located in the U.S. state of Vermont. As of the 2020 census, the population was 49,946. Its county seat is the city of St. Albans. It borders the Canadian province of Quebec. The county was created in 1792 and organized in 1796. Franklin County is part of the Burlington metropolitan area.
Anteater Ballpark
Cicerone Field at Anteater Ballpark is the ballpark at the University of California, Irvine in Irvine, California, United States.  It is the home stadium of the UC Irvine Anteaters baseball team. Opened in 2002, the stadium has 908 seats and can accommodate up to an additional 2,500 people on a grass berm. The record attendance of 3,083 occurred on opening day of the revival of the team, January 25, 2002, versus the University of San Diego. The team lost 5-8.

In 2009, the ballpark's field was named for Ralph J. Cicerone, the university's chancellor from 1998 to 2005.

Irvine, California
Irvine (/ˈɜːrvaɪn/, UR-vine) is a planned city in central Orange County, California, United States, in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. It was named in 1888 for the landowner James Irvine. The Irvine Company started developing the area in the 1960s and the city was formally incorporated on December 28, 1971. The 66-square-mile (170 km2) city had a population of 318,629 as of June 2025. As of 2025, it is the second most populous city in Orange County, fifth most in the Greater Los Angeles region, and 62nd most in the United States.

Several major corporations in the technology and semiconductor sectors maintain their headquarters in Irvine. Irvine is also home to several higher-education institutions including the University of California, Irvine (UCI), Concordia University, Irvine Valley College, and campuses of University of La Verne and Pepperdine University.
Egma Sinkhole
EGMA Sinkhole (Turkish: EGMA Düdeni), a.k.a. Peynirlikönü Sinkhole, is a sinkhole and the deepest cave in Turkey. It is located at Sugözü village of Anamur, Mersin. The sinkhole is 1,429 m (4,688 ft) deep and 3,118 m (10,230 ft) long. EGMA is an acronym that stands for Evren Günay - Mehmet Ali Özel.

The cave was discovered and first explored in 1993 by the Boğaziçi University Speleological Society (BÜMAK). A flash flood caused explorer Mehmet Ali Özel to lose his life inside the cave in 2001. In 2004, with the help of members of the Bulgarian Speleological Federation, the BÜMAK team recovered Mehmet Ali's body and also reached the deepest point of the cave.

Sugözü, Anamur
Sugözü is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Anamur, Mersin Province, Turkey. Its population is 125 (2022). It is situated in the Toros Mountains about 30 kilometres (19 mi) north of Anamur.
Covenant Worship
Covenant Worship is an American Christian music worship band from Dallas. The group formed at Covenant Church, an interdenominational congregation, while the church was established by pastors Mike and Kathy Hayes in 1976. The group released, Heaven on Earth in 2009 and Never Going Back in 2010 independently. They have released 4 live albums, Standing in 2012,  Kingdom in 2014, Take Heart in 2016 and Sand and Stars in 2017.  In May 2017, after the release of Sand and Stars, worship pastors David and Nicole Binion (with daughter Madison "Gracie" Binion or MDSN) felt  God was telling them that their time with Covenant Church was coming to an end. Since then Covenant Worship has released 2 live albums, 1 studio albums (with Covenant Church youth worship group Cov Kid), and 1 instrumental album.

Integrity Music
Integrity Music is part of the David C. Cook nonprofit group. Founded as a direct-to-consumer music club in 1987 as Integrity Music, Integrity was at the forefront of contemporary worship music's widespread popularity of praise and worship music. Integrity publishes many of the top songs in the Church, including "We Believe" (Newsboys). The label has also translated albums into Spanish, Mandarin, Hindi, Indonesian, Cantonese, Russian, Dutch, French and Portuguese.
German campaign in Angola
The German campaign in Angola took place before the official declaration of war between Germany and Portugal in March 1916. German and Portuguese troops clashed several times on the border between German South West Africa and Portuguese Angola. The Germans won most of these clashes and were able to occupy the Humbe region of southern Angola until Portuguese control was restored a few days before the South African-led South West Africa campaign liquidated German rule in the region.

First Portuguese Republic
The First Portuguese Republic (Portuguese: Primeira República Portuguesa; officially: República Portuguesa, Portuguese Republic) spans a complex 16-year period in the history of Portugal, between the end of the period of constitutional monarchy marked by the 5 October 1910 revolution and the 28 May 1926 coup d'état. The latter movement instituted a military dictatorship known as Ditadura Nacional (national dictatorship) that would be followed by the corporatist Estado Novo (new state) regime of António de Oliveira Salazar.

The sixteen years of the First Republic saw eight presidents and 45 ministries, and were altogether more of a transition between the Kingdom of Portugal and the Estado Novo than they were a coherent period of governance.
1856–57 United States Senate elections
The 1856–57 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1856 and 1857, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock. In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 1.

The young Republican Party assumed its position as one of the United States's two main political parties.  The Whigs and Free Soilers were gone by the time the next Congress began.

Gridlock (politics)
In politics, gridlock or deadlock or political stalemate is a situation when there is difficulty passing laws that satisfy the needs of the people. A government is gridlocked when the ratio between bills passed and the agenda of the legislature decreases. Gridlock can occur when two legislative houses, or the executive branch and the legislature are controlled by different political parties, or otherwise cannot agree.

The word "gridlock" is used here as a metaphor – referring to the traffic standstill which results when congestion causes the flow to freeze up completely.