hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2021 Georgian local elections
The 2021 Georgian local elections (Georgian: საქართველოს ადგილობრივი თვითმმართველობის ორგანოების არჩევნები) were held on 2 and 30 October to elect the bodies of local government of Georgia. The voters elected 2,068 representatives in the 64 municipal assemblies (sakrebulo) and 64 mayors. The ruling Georgian Dream party secured victory in all mayoral elections except that in Tsalenjikha but lost its majority in 7 out of 64 municipal assemblies.

Town council
A town council, city council or municipal council is a form of local government generally found in small to medium-sized municipalities or districts. The exact usage of these terms varies across different jurisdictions.
Volition (linguistics)
In linguistics, volition is a concept that distinguishes whether the subject, or agent of a particular sentence intended an action or not. Simply, it is the intentional or unintentional nature of an action. Volition concerns the idea of control and for the purposes outside of psychology and cognitive science, is considered the same as intention in linguistics. Volition can then be expressed in a given language using a variety of possible methods. These sentence forms usually indicate that a given action has been done intentionally, or willingly. There are various ways of marking volition cross-linguistically. When using verbs of volition in English, like "want" or "prefer", these verbs are not expressly marked. Other languages handle this with affixes, while others have complex structural consequences of volitional or non-volitional encoding.

Cognitive science
Cognitive science is the interdisciplinary, scientific study of the mind and its processes. It examines the nature, the tasks, and the functions of cognition (in a broad sense). Mental faculties of concern to cognitive scientists include perception, memory, attention, reasoning, language, and emotion. To understand these faculties, cognitive scientists borrow from fields such as psychology, philosophy, artificial intelligence, neuroscience, linguistics, and anthropology. The typical analysis of cognitive science spans many levels of organization, from learning and decision-making to logic and planning; from neural circuitry to modular brain organization. One of the fundamental concepts of cognitive science is that "thinking can best be understood in terms of representational structures in the mind and computational procedures that operate on those structures."
Fraser River (Colorado)
The Fraser River is a tributary of the Colorado River, approximately 32.5 miles (52.3 km) long, in north central Colorado in the United States. It drains a large portion of the Middle Park basin in  Grand County in the Rocky Mountains west of Boulder and southwest of Rocky Mountain National Park. It rises at the continental divide on the north side of Berthoud Pass in the Arapaho National Forest. It flows NNW past Winter Park, Fraser, and Tabernash, and joins the Colorado River from the south two miles west of Granby.

Winter Park, Colorado
Winter Park is a home rule municipality in Grand County, Colorado, United States. The permanent population was 1,033 at the 2020 census, although with 2,850 housing units within the town limits the seasonal population can be much higher.

It is home to Winter Park Resort, a ski resort owned by the City of Denver and managed by Alterra Mountain Company. The town and resort are served by the Winter Park Express ski train run by Amtrak. The area also has cross-country skiing opportunities, including Devil's Thumb Ranch Resort & Spa. In the spring and summer, Winter Park is known for mountain biking, concerts, hiking, and fishing.
La Jarjatte
La Jarjatte (French pronunciation: [la ʒaʁʒat]) is a hamlet in the French Dauphiné Alps. Situated at around 1100m, close to the source of the river Buëch, it is part of the commune of Lus-la-Croix-Haute in the Drôme department.

Popular with walkers and hikers in the summer, the village has a via ferrata route, a local ski station and over 18 km of cross-country skiing trails. It is bordered on the east by the Dévoluy massif, and the Vercors to the west. Grenoble is the nearest major city, about 75 km away to the north.

Drôme
Drôme (French pronunciation: [dʁom] ⓘ; Occitan: Droma; Arpitan: Drôma) is the southernmost department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of Southeastern France. Named after the river Drôme, it had a population of 516,762 as of 2019. Drôme's prefecture is Valence.

The southern portion of the Drôme, closest to Provence, is often known as the fr:Drôme Provençale.
The Tribute Money (Rubens)
The Tribute Money is a 1610–1615 painting by Peter Paul Rubens(1577-1640), which has been in the Legion of Honor at the Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco since 1944. It illustrates the Biblical account of Christ's reply to the question posed by the Pharisees on Roman taxes.

Render unto Caesar
"Render unto Caesar" is the beginning of a phrase attributed to Jesus in the synoptic gospels, which reads in full, "Render unto Caesar the things that are Caesar's, and unto God the things that are God's" (Ἀπόδοτε οὖν τὰ Καίσαρος Καίσαρι καὶ τὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ τῷ Θεῷ).

This phrase has become a widely quoted summary of the relationship between Christianity, secular government, and society. The original message, coming in response to a question of whether it was lawful for Jews to pay taxes to Caesar, gives rise to multiple possible interpretations about the circumstances under which it is desirable for Christians to submit to earthly authority.
Circumstantial voice
In grammar, a circumstantial voice, or circumstantial passive voice, is a voice that promotes an oblique argument of a verb to the role of subject; the underlying subject may then be expressed as an oblique argument. A given language may have several circumstantial voices, each promoting a different oblique argument.

Circumstantials are conceptually similar to applicatives, which promote obliques to direct objects. However, applicatives may increase the valency of an intransitive verb by adding a direct object, while circumstantials cannot. They also resemble the passive voice, which promotes a patient to the subject position, but circumstantials instead promote oblique arguments, which generally bear other semantic roles.

Circumstantials are found in Malagasy, as well as Toba Batak.

Intransitive verb
In grammar, an intransitive verb is a verb, aside from an auxiliary verb, whose context does not entail a transitive object. That lack of an object distinguishes intransitive verbs from transitive verbs, which entail one or more objects. Additionally, intransitive verbs are typically considered within a class apart from modal verbs and defective verbs.
Banihal Qazigund Road Tunnel
Banihal Qazigund Road Tunnel is a 8.45-kilometre-long (5.25 mi) road tunnel connecting Banihal and Qazigund, thus helping in bypassing the Banihal Pass in the Pir Panjal mountain range in lower Himalayas. It is a Twin-Tube tunnel, carrying four lanes of National Highway 44 at an elevation of 1,790 m (5,870 ft). It also reduces the travel time between the cities of Srinagar and Jammu from 6 hours to 5.5 hours.

The tunnel consists of two parallel tunnels, one for each direction of travel. Each tunnel is 7 m (23 ft) wide, and each has two lanes of road. The two tunnels are interconnected by a passage every 500 m (1,600 ft) for maintenance and emergency evacuation. The tunnel has forced ventilation to extract smoke and stale air and infuse fresh air. It has state-of-the-art monitoring and control systems for security. Built at a cost of ₹2,100 crore, citizens pay a toll to use the tunnel.

Jammu
Jammu (/ˈdʒʌmuː/) is a city in Indian-administered  Jammu and Kashmir in the Jammu region. It is the winter capital of the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir.  It is the headquarters and the largest city in Jammu district. Lying on the banks of the river Tawi, the city of Jammu, with an area of 240 km2 (93 sq mi), is surrounded by the Himalayas in the north and the northern plains in the south. Jammu is the second-most populous city of the union territory. Jammu is known as "City of Temples" for its ancient temples and Hindu shrines.
Northwest Ohio
Northwest Ohio, or Northwestern Ohio, consists of multiple counties in the northwestern corner of the US state of Ohio. This area borders Lake Erie, Southeast Michigan, and northeastern Indiana. Some areas are also considered the Black Swamp area. The Toledo metropolitan area is part of the region.

Northwest Ohio's population in 2000 was 1,639,144 and is declining, specifically in the northern regions (counties shaded in the darker blue and Allen County). However, southern areas, such as Marion and Morrow counties, and the city of Findlay are growing.

Southeast Michigan
Southeast Michigan, also called southeastern Michigan, is a region in the Lower Peninsula of Michigan that is home to a majority of the state's businesses and industries as well as slightly over half of the state's population, most of whom are concentrated in Metro Detroit.
1988 United Kingdom budget
The 1988 United Kingdom budget (sometimes referred to as the Giveaway budget) was delivered by Nigel Lawson, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, to the House of Commons on 15 March 1988. It was the fifth budget to be delivered by Lawson during his tenure as Chancellor, and marked major changes to taxation, with reductions in income tax and changes to inheritance tax rules, as well as changes to mortgage interest relief that prevented homebuyers from being able to pool mortgage allowances. The changes announced to mortgage relief ultimately helped to further fuel an ongoing property boom which led to a rise in inflation and an increase in interest rates. Due to frequent disruptions during the Chancellor's speech, Deputy Speaker Harold Walker was required to suspend proceedings in what was described as an outbreak of "grave disorder".

Inheritance tax in the United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom, inheritance tax is a transfer tax. It was introduced with effect from 18 March 1986, replacing capital transfer tax. The UK has the fourth highest inheritance tax rate in the world, according to conservative think tank, the Tax Foundation, though only a very small proportion of the population pays it; 3.7% of deaths recorded in the UK in the 2020–21 tax year resulted in inheritance tax liabilities.
Gift Showemimo
Gift Showemimo (born 24 May 1974) is a Nigerian former footballer who played as a forward for the Nigeria women's national football team. She was part of the team at the inaugural 1991 FIFA Women's World Cup. At the club level, she played for Kakanfo Babes in Nigeria.

Nigeria women's national football team
The Nigeria women's national football team, nicknamed the Super Falcons, represents Nigeria in international women's football and is controlled by the Nigeria Football Federation (NFF). The team is Africa's most successful international women's football team, having won a record ten Women's Africa Cup of Nations titles; their most recent title in 2025, after defeating Morocco in the final. The team is also the only women's national team from the Confederation of African Football to have reached the quarterfinals in both the FIFA Women's World Cup and the Summer Olympics.

They are also one of the few teams in the world and only African team to have qualified for every edition of the FIFA Women's World Cup, with their best performance at the 1999 FIFA Women's World Cup where they reached the quarterfinals.
D29/30 Beijing–Qiqihar through train
The D29/30 Beijing–Qiqihar through train (Chinese:D29/30次北京到齐齐哈尔南动车组列车) is a Chinese railway running between the capital Beijing to Qiqihar express passenger trains by the Harbin Railway Bureau, Qiqihar passenger segment responsible for passenger transport task, Qiqihar originating on the Beijing train. CRH5 Type Passenger trains running along the Jingha Railway, Harbin–Dalian High-Speed Railway and Harbin–Qiqihar Intercity Railway across Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Tianjin, Beijing and other provinces and cities, the entire 1530 km. Beijing railway station to Qiqihar South railway station running 10 hours and 17 minutes, use trips for D29; Qiqihar South railway station to Beijing railway station to run 10 hours and 6 minutes, use trips for D30.

China Railway CRH5
The CRH5 Hexie (simplified Chinese: 和谐号; traditional Chinese: 和諧號; pinyin: Héxié Hào; lit. 'Harmony') is an electric multiple unit high-speed train in use with China Railway High-speed in the northern regions of the People's Republic of China. The CRH5 is based on the ETR-600 New Pendolino used in Italy.

The CRH5 are non-tilting trains, developed for the Chinese Railways and whose technology has been transferred to local manufacturers. The CRH5 operate steadily at 250 kilometres per hour (155 mph).
Ludvig Faddeev
Ludvig Dmitrievich Faddeev (also Ludwig Dmitriyevich; Russian: Лю́двиг Дми́триевич Фадде́ев; 23 March 1934 – 26 February 2017) was a Soviet and Russian mathematical physicist. He is known for the discovery of the Faddeev equations in the quantum-mechanical three-body problem and for the development of path-integral methods in the quantization of non-abelian gauge field theories, including the introduction of the Faddeev–Popov ghosts (with Victor Popov).  He led the Leningrad School, in which he along with many of his students developed the quantum inverse scattering method for studying quantum integrable systems in one space and one time dimension.  This work led to the invention of quantum groups by Drinfeld and Jimbo.

Michio Jimbo
Michio Jimbo (神保 道夫, Jimbō Michio; born November 28, 1951) is a Japanese mathematician working in mathematical physics. He is known for his introduction of quantum groups (independently of Vladimir Drinfeld), his contributions to the theory of integrable systems and their correlation functions, and his work with Mikio Sato and Tetsuji Miwa on holonomic quantum fields and isomonodromic deformation theory.
Ben Taylor (first baseman, born 1888)
Benjamin Harrison Taylor (July 1, 1888 – January 24, 1953) was an American first baseman and manager in baseball's Negro leagues. Taylor played for the Birmingham Giants, Chicago American Giants, Indianapolis ABC's, St. Louis Giants, Bacharach Giants, Washington Potomacs, Harrisburg Giants, and Baltimore Black Sox. His playing career lasted from 1908 to 1929. He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2006.

Chicago American Giants
The Chicago American Giants were a Chicago-based Negro league baseball team. From 1910 until the mid-1930s, the American Giants were the most dominant team in black baseball. Owned and managed from 1911 to 1926 by player-manager Andrew "Rube" Foster, they were charter members of Foster's Negro National League. The American Giants won five pennants in that league, along with another pennant in the 1932 Negro Southern League and a second-half championship in Gus Greenlee's Negro National League in 1934.
Anoplosaurus
Anoplosaurus (meaning "unarmored or unarmed lizard") is an extinct genus of herbivorous nodosaurid dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous (late Albian age) Cambridge Greensand of Cambridgeshire, England. It has in the past been classified with either the armored dinosaurs or the ornithopods, but current thought has been in agreement with the "armored dinosaur" interpretation, placing it in the Ankylosauria.

Albian
The Albian is both an age of the geologic timescale and a stage in the stratigraphic column. It is the youngest or uppermost subdivision of the Early/Lower Cretaceous Epoch/Series. Its approximate time range is 113.2 ± 0.3 Ma to 100.5 ± 0.1 Ma (million years ago). The Albian is preceded by the Aptian and followed by the Cenomanian.
2025 Mountain West Conference Football Championship Game
The 2025 Mountain West Conference Football Championship Game was a college football game played on December 5, 2025, at Albertsons Stadium in Boise, Idaho. It was the 13th edition of the Mountain West Conference Football Championship Game and determined the champion of the Mountain West Conference (MW) for the 2025 season. The game began at 6:00 p.m. MT and aired on Fox. The game featured the Boise State Broncos and the UNLV Rebels in a rematch of the previous season's championship game.

2025 Mountain West Conference football season
The 2025 Mountain West Conference football season is the 27th season of college football for the Mountain West Conference. It is part of the 2025 NCAA Division I FBS football season. 12 teams are competing in the conference during the season. The season began on August 23, 2025, and conclude with the Mountain West Conference Football Championship Game on December 5, 2025. The full season schedule was released on February 20, 2025.
Madrid Codex (Maya)
The Madrid Codex (also known as the Tro-Cortesianus Codex or the Troano Codex) is one of four surviving pre-Columbian Maya books dating to the Postclassic period of Mesoamerican chronology (circa 900–1521 AD). The Madrid Codex was produced in western Yucatán, Mexico, today is held by the Museo de América in Madrid and is considered to be the most important piece in its collection. However, the original is not on display due to its fragility; an accurate reproduction is displayed in its stead. At one point in time the codex was split into two pieces, given the names "Codex Troano" and "Codex Cortesianus". In the 1880s, Leon de Rosny, an ethnologist, realised that the two pieces belonged together, and helped combine them into a single text. This text was subsequently brought to Madrid, and given the name "Madrid Codex", which remains its most common name today.

Ethnology
Ethnology (from the Ancient Greek: ἔθνος, ethnos meaning 'nation') is an academic field and discipline that compares and analyzes the characteristics of different peoples and the relationships between them (compare cultural, social, or sociocultural anthropology).
2024 Ukrainian cyberattacks against Russia
In 2024, cyber-specialists working as part of the Main Directorate of Intelligence of the Ministry of Defence of Ukraine (HUR) and the Security Service of Ukraine (SBU) initiated several cyberattacks on Russian technology and infrastructure, including attacks on Russia's banking sector, Russian internet providers, regional and municipal administration web resources, Russian airports, several Russian state institutions, and private companies. The operations were conducted as means to impede Russian military operations and uncover classified documents that could be taken into account by the Armed Forces of Ukraine during the Russian invasion of Ukraine, as well as to destabilize Russia's institutions. Cyberattacks began to intensify in scope in June and July 2024.

Main Directorate of Intelligence (Ukraine)
The Main Directorate of Intelligence of the Ministry of Defence of Ukraine (Ukrainian: Головне управління розвідки Міністерства оборони України, ГУР МОУ, romanized: Holovne upravlinnia rozvidky Ministerstva oborony Ukrainy, GUR / HUR MO), also known in English as the Defense Intelligence of Ukraine (DIU), is the military intelligence service of the Ukrainian government. It is an agency of the Ministry of Defence, not the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.

Unlike the intelligence agencies of many countries, the HUR is not restricted to intelligence-gathering but also carries out military operations.
2021–22 Svenska Cupen
The 2021–22 Svenska Cupen is the 66th season of the Svenska Cupen and the tenth season with the current format. The winners of the competition will secure a spot in the second qualifying round of the 2022–23 UEFA Europa Conference League, unless they had already qualified for European competition in the 2021–22 season, in which case the qualification spot will go to fourth-placed team of the 2021 Allsvenskan. A total of 96 clubs will enter the competition, 64 teams from district sites and 32 from the Allsvenskan and the Superettan.

Svenska Cupen
Svenska cupen (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈsvɛ̂nːska ˈkɵ̌pːɛn], lit. 'the Swedish cup'), also known as the Swedish Cup in English, is a knockout cup competition in Swedish football and the main Swedish football cup. Svenska cupen usually refers to the men's tournament, although a women's tournament is also held. Each year 96 teams compete, comprising the 16 teams from Allsvenskan and the 16 teams of Superettan together with 64 teams from lower tiers of the league system. The winners qualify for the qualifying stages of the UEFA Europa League. The winner is awarded the Gustaf VI Adolf cup.

Svenska cupen was first held in 1941. The current holders of the cup are BK Häcken who beat Malmö FF in the 2025 final. Malmö FF are the most successful club of the competition having won 16 titles, the latest in 2024.
Downtown Des Moines
Downtown Des Moines is the central business district of Des Moines, Iowa and the Greater Des Moines Metropolitan Area. Downtown Des Moines is defined by the City of Des Moines as located between the Des Moines River to the east, the Raccoon River to the south, Center Street to the north, and 18th and 15th Streets to the west.

In 2014, Downtown Des Moines was listed as the number one "up-and-coming downtown" in America, by Fortune.com.

801 Grand
801 Grand High Rise Building (referred to as the 801 Grand Building and previously known as The Principal Building) is an office skyscraper in Des Moines, Iowa, United States, operated and managed by JLL Americas and owned by Principal Financial Group (Principal Real Estate). The building was constructed from 1989 to 1991; and at a height of 630 feet (190 m) and 45 stories, it is the tallest building in both Des Moines and the state of Iowa. It is part of a larger downtown campus run by Principal Financial Group and features a skywalk and an eight-sided copper pyramid at its top.
19-2000
"19-2000", sometimes written "19/2000" and also known as "Get the Cool Shoeshine", is a song from British virtual band Gorillaz' self-titled debut album Gorillaz. It was the second single from the album, released on 25 June 2001 in the United Kingdom. "19-2000" reached number six on the UK Singles Chart and number 34 on the US Billboard Mainstream Top 40 chart. It was particularly successful in New Zealand, where it reached number one for a week in September 2001.

Jamie Hewlett
Jamie Christopher Hewlett (born 3 April 1968) is a British comic book artist and illustrator. He is the co-creator of the comic book Tank Girl with Alan Martin, and the virtual band Gorillaz alongside Blur front man Damon Albarn.
Laura Ortíz-Bobadilla
Laura Ortíz-Bobadilla is a Mexican mathematician specializing in differential geometry, and especially on holomorphic foliations and the limit cycles of dynamical systems. She is a researcher in the Institute of Mathematics of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM).

Limit cycle
In mathematics, in the study of dynamical systems with two-dimensional phase space, a limit cycle is a closed trajectory in phase space having the property that at least one other trajectory spirals into it either as time approaches infinity or as time approaches negative infinity. Such behavior is exhibited in some nonlinear systems. Limit cycles have been used to model the behavior of many real-world oscillatory systems.   The study of limit cycles was initiated by Henri Poincaré (1854–1912).