hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
James Edgar Dandy
James Edgar Dandy (24 September 1903, in Preston, Lancashire – 10 November 1976, in Tring) was a British botanist, Keeper of Botany at the British Museum (Natural History) between 1956 and 1966. He was a world specialist on the plant genus Potamogeton and the family Magnoliaceae.

Magnoliaceae
The Magnoliaceae (/mæɡˌnoʊliˈeɪsii/) are a flowering plant family, the magnolia family,  in the order Magnoliales. It consists of two genera: Magnolia and Liriodendron (tulip trees).

Unlike most angiosperms, whose flower parts are in whorls (rings), the Magnoliaceae have their stamens and pistils in spirals on a conical receptacle. This arrangement is found in some fossil plants and is believed to be a basal or early condition for angiosperms. The flowers also have parts not distinctly differentiated into sepals and petals, while angiosperms that evolved later tend to have distinctly differentiated sepals and petals. The poorly differentiated perianth parts that occupy both positions are known as tepals.

The family has about 219 species and ranges across subtropical eastern North America, Mexico and Central America, the West Indies, tropical South America, southern and eastern India, Sri Lanka, Indochina, Malesia, China, Japan, and Korea.
Lomandra brevis
Lomandra brevis is a species of plant in the Asparagaceae family, first described in 1962 by Alma Theodora Lee.

It is a perennial and is endemic to New South Wales, occurring in the Sydney region in dry sclerophyll forest on sandstone derived soils.

It grows in small dense tussocks. It flowers in both spring and autumn. The male inflorescence is from 10 to 15 cm and is unbranched or has a few short branches, while the female inflorescence is about 5 cm long and is unbranched.

Alma Theodora Lee
Alma Theodora Lee (née Melvaine; 12 April 1912 — 20 October 1990) was an Australian botanist and plant taxonomist who worked at the National Herbarium of New South Wales, University of Sydney, and CSIRO.  She is notable for raising the standard of systematic botany in Australia, and for her revisions of Swainsona and Typha.  She also studied the Fabaceae with colleagues. The standard author abbreviation A.T.Lee is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.  She described over 40 species.  The March 1991 issue of the journal Telopea was dedicated to her memory.
Lavocatia
Lavocatia is a genus of extinct mammal from the Lower Cretaceous of Spain. It was a member of the also extinct order Multituberculata, and lived alongside of dinosaurs. Like most Mesozoic mammals, it was a shrewish-sized animal. It's in the suborder "Plagiaulacida" and family Pinheirodontidae. The genus Lavocatia was named by J. I. Canudo and G. Cuenca in 1996 based on a single tooth, with the generic name in honor of French paleontologist René Lavocat and the specific epithet a reference to the town of Alfambra.

The species Lavocatia alfambrensis is known from the Barremian-age Camarillas Formation of Galve, Spain. This genus is apparently differentiated by the number of cusps on the tooth; 15. Also referred to in the reference is Peramura. This was a more "advanced" group of mammals, possibly ancestral to ourselves (see Peramus).

Alfambra
Alfambra is a municipality located in the province of Teruel, Aragon, Spain. As of 2010, the municipality has a population of 676 inhabitants.

This locality is famous for the Battle of Alfambra fought in 1938 during the Spanish Civil War
Marquis of Molina
Marquis of Molina is a Castilian noble title that the Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor granted to the heirs to the Marquis of Los Vélez.
The title was given to Luis Fajardo, 2nd Marquis of los Vélez. 
For centuries "Marquis de Molina" was the courtesy title of the apparent heir of the Marquis de los Vélez.

The grant did not bring new fiefs to the family, since it was just an elevation of the rank of the Lordship of Molina de Segura, owned by the Fajardo family since 1387.
Members of this Murcian family held the title until 1713.
In 1779, after various marriage alliances, it entered the House of Medina Sidonia.

At present, as recognized by the Ministry of Justice of Spain, the legitimate title holder is Miguel Márquez y Osorio, 5th Duke of Santa Cristina and descendant of José Joaquín Álvarez de Toledo, 19th Duke of Medina Sidonia.

Molina de Segura
Molina de Segura is a municipality of Spain in the autonomous community and province of Murcia.  It is located 10 km from the provincial capital, Murcia.

It borders the towns of Las Torres de Cotillas, Alguazas, Lorquí, Ulea, Archena, Abarán, Blanca, Murcia and Fortuna. It has the fourth largest population in the region after Murcia, Cartagena and Lorca, with over 60,000 inhabitants. It is located 10 km north of the capital. The N-301 highway, that runs from Madrid to Cartagena, passes through it.

The town has a line of walls dating to the Almohad era (11th-13th centuries).

Molina de Segura is home to confectionery makers Vidal Golosinas, Jake S.A. and Sánchez Cano (also known as Fini).
Italian destroyer Strale (1900)
Strale ("Javelin") was an Italian Lampo-class destroyer. Commissioned into service in the Italian Regia Marina (Royal Navy) in 1901, she served in the Italo-Turkish War and World War I. She was stricken in 1924.

Javelin
A javelin is a light spear designed primarily to be thrown, historically as a ranged weapon. Today, the javelin is predominantly used for sporting purposes such as the javelin throw. The javelin is nearly always thrown by hand, unlike the sling, bow, and crossbow, which launch projectiles with the aid of a hand-held mechanism. However, devices do exist to assist the javelin thrower in achieving greater distances, such as spear-throwers or the amentum.

A warrior or soldier armed primarily with one or more javelins is a javelineer.

The word javelin comes from Middle English and it derives from Old French javelin, a diminutive of javelot, which meant spear. The word javelot probably originated from one of the Celtic languages.
Impa Kasanganay
Impa Armand Kasanganay (born January 17, 1994) is an American mixed martial artist who currently competes in the Light heavyweight division of Professional Fighters League (PFL). He formerly competed in the Welterweight and Middleweight divisions of Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). As of January 27, 2026, he is #3 in the PFL middleweight rankings.

PFL Rankings
Professional Fighter League (PFL) rankings, which were introduced in January 2026, are generated by a voting panel made up of media members. These media members are asked to vote for whom they feel are the top fighters in the PFL by weight class and pound-for-pound. A fighter is only eligible to be voted on if they are of active status in the PFL. A fighter can appear in more than one weight division at a time. The champion and interim champion are considered to be in top positions of their respective divisions and therefore are not eligible for voting by weight class. However, the champions can be voted on for the pound-for-pound rankings.
George, 2nd Duke of Aveiro
Jorge de Lencastre, or George of Lencastre (1548–1578), was the older son of Dom John of Lencastre, 1st Duke of Aveiro and of his wife Juliana de Lara, daughter of the 3rd Marquis of Vila Real.

Until his father's death, he used the title of Marquis of Torres Novas, and also succeeded him as 2nd Duke of Aveiro in 1571.

He was a close adviser to King Sebastian I of Portugal and he escorted him, both to the Guadalupe interview (where Sebastian met his uncle, King Philip II of Spain) and to the Portuguese campaign to Morocco. George was killed in the Battle of Alcácer Quibir, together with the King, in 1578.

Before, he had married Madalena Girón, sister of the Spanish 1st Duke of Ossuna, from whom he had a single daughter:

Juliana of Lencastre, 3rd Duchess of Aveiro, married to Álvaro of Lencastre, 3rd Duke of Aveiro.

Monastery of Saint Mary of Guadalupe
The Royal Monastery of Saint Mary of Guadalupe (Spanish: Real Monasterio de Santa María de Guadalupe) is a Roman Catholic monastic establishment built during the 14th century located in Guadalupe, in Extremadura, Spain. It is located at the foot of the eastern side of the Sierra de las Villuercas and was one of the finest and most important monasteries in the country for more than four centuries. UNESCO declared it a World Heritage Site in 1993.
Comalies XX
Comalies XX is the first remix album by Italian gothic metal band Lacuna Coil. It was released by Century Media Records on 14 October 2022. The album is a rearranged re-recording of the band's 2002 album Comalies.

Century Media Records
Century Media Records is a German heavy metal record label with offices in Germany, the United States and the United Kingdom. In August 2015, Century Media was acquired by Sony Music for US$17 million.
Principality of Trubetsk
The Principality of Trubetsk (Russian: Трубецкое княжество) was a small, landlocked country in Eastern Europe. The Principality of Trubetsk (Troubchevsk) was a principality in Polesia, about 50 miles (80 kilometres) southwest of Bryansk.

Polesia
Polesia, also called Polissia, Polesie, or Polesye, is a natural (geographic) and historical region in Eastern Europe within the East European Plain, including the Belarus–Ukraine border region and part of eastern Poland. This region should not be confused with parts of Russia also traditionally called "Polesie".
UEFA Futsal Euro 2012
The UEFA Futsal Euro 2012 was the eighth official edition of the UEFA European Championship for national futsal teams. It was hosted by Croatia, and was played from January, 31 to February, 11. 12 teams competed for the title, with 11 teams gain entries from qualification rounds, while Croatia gained an automatic entry as hosts. The championship was played in the two biggest Croatian cities, Zagreb and the 15,024 seater Arena Zagreb and in Split, at the 10,931 capacity Spaladium Arena.

Spain defended their title, having won it for the sixth consecutive time.

Spaladium Arena
Spaladium Arena is a multi-purpose indoor arena located in Split, Croatia. It was opened in December 2008, and hosted the following month's World Men's Handball Championship in 2009.

As of August 2013, Spaladium Arena had been closed for more than a year over the inability of its operators to cover the maintenance costs. It was reopened for a Severina concert in December 2013. As of 2020, the arena was largely out of use. In 2022 it was announced that the Arena will be sold due to maintenance costs. The formal reason for the closure of the Arena is the blocking of the Sportski grad TPN d.o.o. company's account by the City of Split in June 2022, in the amount of tens of millions of kunas due to unpaid utility fees and other charges.
As of 2024, the Arena is closed and still waiting for a potential buyer.
Warminster station (SEPTA)
Warminster station is a SEPTA Regional Rail station that is located in Warminster, Pennsylvania in the United States. It serves as the north end of the Warminster Line and is wheelchair ADA accessible.

This station is also occasionally served by passenger trains operated by the New Hope Railroad, which has an interchange just north of the station with Pennsylvania Northeastern Railroad.

Pennsylvania Northeastern Railroad
The Pennsylvania Northeastern Railroad (reporting mark PN) is a short-line railroad operating on trackage mostly in Bucks and Montgomery counties to the north of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was created in 2011, taking over former operations from CSX Transportation. The Pennsylvania Northeastern Railroad interchanges with CSX in Lansdale, the East Penn Railroad in Telford, and the New Hope Railroad in Warminster.
'Tops' with Me
'Tops' with Me is the debut album by British singer Helen Shapiro. It was released in 1962 and was her most successful album, reaching number 2 in the UK Albums Chart. She was accompanied by Martin Slavin and his Orchestra.

The album comprised cover versions of songs which had already been hit singles for other artists – "top pops" or simply "tops" in the slang of the day.

Howard Greenfield
Howard Greenfield (March 15, 1936 – March 4, 1986) was an American lyricist and songwriter, who for several years in the 1960s worked out of the famous Brill Building. He is best known for his successful songwriting collaborations, including one with Neil Sedaka from the late 1950s to the mid-1970s, and near-simultaneous (and equally successful) songwriting partnerships with Jack Keller and Helen Miller throughout most of the 1960s.
Cuapetes lacertae
Cuapetes lacertae, previously known as Periclimenes lacertae, is a species of shrimp belonging to the family Palaemonidae. Its name is due to the fact the first specimen was collected from Lizard Island: lacerta being Latin for "lizard".

Caridea
The Caridea, commonly known as caridean shrimp or true shrimp (from Ancient Greek καρίς, καρίδος (karís, karídos, "shrimp"), are an infraorder of shrimp within the order Decapoda. This infraorder contains all species of true shrimp. They are found widely around the world in both fresh and salt water. Many other animals with similar names – such as the mud shrimp of Axiidea and the boxer shrimp of Stenopodidea – are not true shrimp, but many have evolved features similar to true shrimp.
St Asaph (Denbigh) Rural District
St Asaph (Denbigh) was a rural district in the administrative county of Denbighshire from 1894 to 1935.

The rural district was formed from the parts of St Asaph Rural Sanitary Districts in Denbighshire. The remainder of the RSD, in Flintshire, became St Asaph (Flint) Rural District.

The district contained ten civil parishes:

Abergele Rural

Betws Abergele

Bylchau

Cefn

Llanddulas

Llanefydd

Llanfair Talhaearn

Llansannan

St George

Trefnant

St Asaph (Denbigh) Rural District was abolished by a County Review Order in 1935, most becoming part of the new Aled Rural District, and parts going to an enlarged Abergele Urban District.

St Asaph
St Asaph (/ˈæsəf/; Welsh: Llanelwy [ɬanˈɛlʊɨ̯] "church on the Elwy") is a cathedral city and community on the River Elwy in Denbighshire, Wales. At the 2021 census the community had a population of 3,485, making it the second-smallest city in the United Kingdom in terms of population. It was historically in Flintshire.

The city of St Asaph is surrounded by countryside and views of the Vale of Clwyd. It is situated close to a number of towns including Denbigh, Rhuddlan, Rhyl, Holywell and Abergele.
Xanthoparmelia dubitella
Xanthoparmelia dubitella is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling) lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Found in South Africa, it was formally described as a new species in 2002 by Australian lichenologist John Elix. The type specimen was collected from the Cape of Good Hope Nature Reserve (Cape Province), where it was found growing as small, somewhat crustose rosettes on rocks and boulders. It is only known from the type collection. The lichen contains norlobaridone as a major product, minor amounts of usnic acid and connorlobaridone, and trace amounts of loxodin. The species epithet refers to its resemblance to Xanthoparmelia dubitata, which is distinguished by its larger thalli, broader lobes, and a lower surface that is pale tan to brown in colour.

Usnic acid
Usnic acid is a naturally occurring dibenzofuran derivative found in several lichen species with the formula C18H16O7. It was first isolated by German scientist W. Knop in 1844 and first synthesized between 1933 and 1937 by Frank H. Curd and Alexander Robertson. Usnic acid was identified in many genera of lichens including Usnea, Cladonia, Hypotrachyna, Lecanora, Ramalina, Evernia, Parmelia and Alectoria. Although it is generally believed that usnic acid is exclusively restricted to lichens, in a few unconfirmed isolated cases the compound was found in kombucha tea and non-lichenized ascomycetes.

At normal conditions, usnic acid is a bitter, yellow, solid substance. It is known to occur in nature in both the d- and l-forms as well as a racemic mixture. Salts of usnic acid are called usnates (e.g. copper usnate).
Smyrna River
The Smyrna River is a 7.3-mile-long (11.7 km) river in central Delaware in the United States.

It rises east of Smyrna, Delaware, at the confluence of Duck Creek and Mill Creek. It flows generally northeast, forming the boundary between Kent and New Castle counties. It enters Delaware Bay approximately 6 miles (10 km) northeast of Smyrna. It is navigable for its entire course.

New Castle County, Delaware
New Castle County is the northernmost of the three counties of the U.S. state of Delaware (New Castle, Kent, and Sussex). As of the 2020 census, the population was 570,719, making it the most populous county in Delaware, with nearly 60% of the state's population of 989,948. The county seat is Wilmington, which is also the state's most populous city. New Castle County is included in the Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD Metropolitan Statistical Area. The county is named after William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle (c. 1593–1676). New Castle County has the highest population and population density of any Delaware county, and it is the smallest county in the state by area. It has more people than the other two counties, Kent and Sussex, combined. It is also the most economically developed of the three.
Roam (musician)
Roam is a Canadian electronic musician, record producer and songwriter based out of Toronto. Roam gained notoriety in late 2017 for his production style which often blends UK garage, future garage and 2-step garage influences with modern Toronto hip hop sounds and production techniques. Roam has released 2 full-length studio albums, 1 compilation album, 4 EPs and several singles since 2017. In 2022 he was named 1 of 8 artists shaping the future of Canadian electronic music

2-step garage
2-step garage, or simply 2-step, is a genre of electronic music and a subgenre of UK garage. One of the primary characteristics of the 2-step sound – the term being coined to describe "a general rubric for all kinds of jittery, irregular rhythms that don't conform to garage's traditional four-on-the-floor pulse" – is that the rhythm lacks the kick drum pattern found in many other styles of electronic music with a regular four-on-the-floor beat.
Setapa
Setapa  is a traditional music dance which originates from the Bangwaketse tribe of Kanye village and surrounding areas in Botswana, such as Sesung, Selokolela and Molapo wa Basadi villages. Setapa traditional dance was started by Bangwaketse in the past and therefore it is regarded as the dance for the tribe. Setapa involves a group of people stamping in to the ground with their feet to the song played or sung by the choir or the group. The word is derived from the Tswana word Go tapa-tapa, which means to step into the ground continuously. Setapa troupes involves an equal mix of both men and women dressed up with the skin of animals. The dance troupes wear brown shells in their feet which gives out a perfect sound as they dance and the males usually carry on whistles and heifer horns to produce sound from the stream of air or as they blow into them.

Duiker
A duiker /ˈdaɪkər/ is a small to medium-sized brown antelope native to sub-Saharan Africa, found in heavily wooded areas. The 22 extant species, including three sometimes considered to be subspecies of the other species, form a clade or natural grouping, either considered to be the subfamily Cephalophinae or the tribe Cephalophini.
John J. O'Brien (commissioner)
John J. O'Brien is a former commissioner of the Massachusetts Probation Service. He was convicted of four counts of mail fraud, and one count of racketeering, and one count of conspiracy. The verdict was pronounced on July 24, 2014, by a 12-member federal jury of the U.S. District Court in Boston, Massachusetts. US District Court Judge William G. Young was the presiding judge. The jury deliberated for seven days and the case lasted two months.

The case centered on patronage hiring at the Massachusetts Probation Department during Mr. O'Brien's tenure as commissioner.

On December 19, 2016, the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit reversed the conviction of O'Brien and ordered acquittals on all counts due to insufficiency of evidence. The Court of Appeals also admonished the lower court for the allowance of a high number of juror questions at trial.

William G. Young
William Glover Young (born September 23, 1940) is an American attorney and jurist serving as a senior U.S. district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts. He was appointed in 1985 by President Ronald Reagan, and he served as chief judge of the district from 1999 to 2005. Young was a judge of the Massachusetts Superior Court from 1978 to 1985.
Alexander Klyachin
Alexander Klyachin (Russian: Александр Ильич Клячин) is a Russian entrepreneur and investor. According to Forbes, as of April 2021, his fortune is estimated at $1,600 million in 2020, making him the 60th richest businessperson in Russia. He is the Head of the investment company Gleden Invest. Also, he founded the international hotel chain Azimut Hotels and owns the fashionable Metropol Hotel near the Moscow Kremlin. Alexander is a large commercial real estate developer and owns KR Properties and the Karat cheese factory in Moscow. Mass media allege him of being a major corporate raider, getting hold of plots of land by using complicated juridical schemes within land-use conflicts. Novye Izvestia newspaper 2021 published a report disclosing schemes involving land where the Russian business centre of the Swedish Ikea company has resided for decades.

Land-use conflict
A land-use conflict occurs when there are conflicting views on land-use policies, such as when an increasing population creates competitive demands for the use of the land, causing  a negative impact on other land uses nearby.
History of the Macedonians (ethnic group)
The history of Macedonians has been shaped by population shifts and political developments in the southern Balkans, especially within the region of Macedonia. The ideas of separate Macedonian identity grew in significance after the First World War, both in Vardar Macedonia and among the left-leaning diaspora in Bulgaria, and were endorsed by the Comintern in 1934. During the Second World War, these ideas were supported by the Communist Partisans, but the decisive point in the ethnogenesis of these South Slavic people was the creation of the Socialist Republic of Macedonia after World War II, as a new state in the framework of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.

Vardar Macedonia
Vardar Macedonia (Macedonian and Serbian: Вардарска Македонија, romanized: Vardarska Makedonija) is a historical term referring to the northern part of the broader Macedonian region, roughly corresponding to present-day North Macedonia. The name derives from the Vardar River and is primarily associated with the period of Serbian (1912–1918) and later Yugoslav rule (1918–1991).
Vitim-Olyokma National Okrug
57°07′N 35°28′E﻿ / ﻿57.117°N 35.467°E﻿ / 57.117; 35.467

The Vitim-Olyokma National Okrug (Russian: Витимо-Олёкминский национальный округ, Vitimo-Olyokminsky natsionalny okrug), was one of the national okrugs of the USSR, formed by the decree of the Central Executive Committee on December 10, 1930, as part of the East-Siberian Krai. After September 26, 1937, it was assigned to the Chita Oblast, and was abolished on September 21, 1938. The center of the national okrug was at first determined to be the village of Ust-Muya, but after November 1933 it was moved to the village of Kalakan, at the mouth of the Kalakan river.

Kalakan (river)
The Kalakan (Russian: Калакан) is a river in Transbaikalia, southern East Siberia, Russia. It is 314 kilometres (195 mi) long, and has a drainage basin of 10,600 square kilometres (4,100 sq mi). The Kalakan gives its name to the Kalakan Range, as well as to the Kalakan Depression.

The Kalakan river is a destination for rafting. Taimen and lenok are among the fish species found in the river.