hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Astrothelium laurerosphaerioides
Astrothelium laurerosphaerioides is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling),  crustose lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. Found in Guyana, it was formally described as a new species in 2016 by Dutch lichenologist André Aptroot. The type specimen was collected by Harrie Sipman on Kusad Mountain (Rupununi savannah, Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo) at an altitude of 450 m (1,480 ft); there, it was found in a savanna growing on smooth tree bark. The lichen has a smooth and shiny, pale ochraceous-green thallus with a cortex, which covers areas of up to 15 cm (6 in) in diameter. An anthraquinone compound was the only lichen product detected in the collected specimens using thin-layer chromatography. The characteristics of the lichen distinguishing it from others in Astrothelium are its immersed-erumpent ascomata that have an exposed blackish area around their ostioles; the presence of two ascospores per ascus, and the dimensions of the spores (110–130 by 30–35 μm).

Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo
Upper Takutu-Upper Esequibo (Region 9) is a region of Guyana. It borders the region of Potaro-Siparuni to the north, the region of East Berbice-Corentyne to the east, and Brazil to the south and west. It contains the town of Lethem, and the villages of Aishalton, Nappi and Surama. It is also the largest region of Guyana.

The Rupununi savannah, known for its large biodiversity  is located between the Rupununi River and the Brazilian border. Within the Upper Takutu-Upper Esequibo there falls part of the Guianan savanna ecoregion.
Tapan Sikdar
Tapan Sikdar (20 September 1944 – 2 June 2014) was a Union minister of state in the National Democratic Alliance government of India and a Bharatiya Janata Party politician. He was born on 20 September 1944 in Jessore. His father Dr. D. N. Sikdar was a physician. His mother's name was Bela Rani Sikdar. He was member of 12 and 13 Lok Sabha representing Dum Dum (Lok Sabha constituency) in West Bengal.

Tapan Shikdar died on 2 June 2014 in Delhi, AIIMS due to respiratory problems.

Dum Dum Lok Sabha constituency
Dum Dum Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 543 parliamentary constituencies in India. The constituency centres on Dum Dum in West Bengal. All the seven assembly segments of No.16 Dum Dum Lok Sabha constituency are in North 24 Parganas district.
Bronisławów, Rawa County
Bronisławów [brɔɲiˈswavuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Biała Rawska, within Rawa County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) south-west of Biała Rawska, 14 km (9 mi) east of Rawa Mazowiecka, and 68 km (42 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź.

Rawa County
Rawa County (Polish: powiat rawski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Rawa Mazowiecka, which lies 54 kilometres (34 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź. The only other town in the county is Biała Rawska, lying 17 km (11 mi) east of Rawa Mazowiecka.

The county covers an area of 646.6 square kilometres (249.7 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 49,443, out of which the population of Rawa Mazowiecka is 17,643, that of Biała Rawska is 3,182, and the rural population is 28,618.
Ghislain Emmanuel
Christianity portal

Ghislain Elwyn Emmanuel (died 16 February 1977) was Bishop of Mauritius from 1976 to 1977.

He was educated at King's College London and ordained deacon in 1956 and priest in 1957.

His first post was as a Curate at Vacoas (1956-58) after which he was Priest in charge at Rodrigues (1958-60) and then a Minor Canon at St James's Cathedral Port Louis (1960-65). Later he was Principal of St Paul's Theological College, Mauritius from 1964 and then Archdeacon of Mauritius from 1972. The first native Mauritian bishop of the Diocese of Mauritius, he died after three months in office. He died in 1977, aged 48.

Vacoas-Phoenix
Vacoas-Phoenix (Mauritian Creole pronunciation: [vakwa feniks] ⓘ) also known as French: Villes Jumelles (Twin Cities), is a town in Mauritius, located in the Plaines Wilhems District, the eastern part also lies in the Moka District. The town is administered by the Municipal Council of Vacoas-Phoenix. The town lies between Quatre Bornes and Curepipe.
Tectospinal tract
In humans, the tectospinal tract (or colliculospinal tract) is a decussating extrapyramidal tract that coordinates head/neck and eye movements.

It arises from the superior colliculus of the mesencephalic (midbrain) tectum, and projects to the cervical and upper thoracic spinal cord levels. It mediates reflex turning of the head and upper trunk in the direction of startling sensory stimuli (visual, auditory, or skin).

It arises from the deep layers of the superior colliculus. It decussates within the posterior part of mesencephalic tegmentum at the level of the red nucleus. It descends through the medulla oblongata near the midline within the medial longitudinal fasciculus. In the spinal cord, it descends in the anterior funiculus. It terminates by synapsing with interneurons of the intermediate zone and anterior grey column.

Anterior funiculus
In the spinal cord, the most lateral of the bundles of the ventral nerve roots is generally taken as a dividing line that separates the antero-lateral region into two parts: an anterior funiculus (or anterior column), between the anterior median fissure and the most lateral of the ventral nerve roots; and a lateral funiculus, between the exit of these roots and the posterolateral sulcus.
Cornwall Motor Speedway
The Cornwall Motor Speedway is a 1/4 mile dirt track near the community of Cornwall, Ontario, Canada. It is located northwest of the city on Cornwall Centre Road. The track opened in 1970 and runs weekly racing on Sunday evenings.

Weekly race classes include modified, sportsman, pro stock, semi pro and mini stock. Yearly special event shows feature the Big Block Modifieds, sprint cars and late models.

Eastern Ontario
Eastern Ontario (census population 1,892,332 in 2021) (French: Est de l'Ontario) is a secondary region of Southern Ontario in the Canadian province of Ontario. It occupies a wedge-shaped area bounded by the Ottawa River and Quebec to the northeast and east, the St. Lawrence River and New York to the south, and Northern Ontario and Central Ontario to the west and northwest.
The White Desert (1925 film)
The White Desert is a 1925 American silent drama film directed by Reginald Barker. The film stars Claire Windsor and Pat O'Malley, with Robert Frazer, Frank Currier, and Sōjin Kamiyama. It is written by Monte M. Katterjohn and Gordon Rigby and adopted from Denver author Courtney Ryley Cooper's novel The White Desert (1922). This B movie was produced to keep the Loew circuit and other cinemas supplied. The title refers to the snow covered Colorado landscape during winter.

Sojin (actor)
Sōjin Kamiyama (上山 草人, Kamiyama Sōjin) or just Sōjin (草人; 30 January 1884 – 28 July 1954) was a Japanese film actor. He appeared in more than 70 films between 1917 and 1954. He was the subject of a 1995 TV documentary by the Japanese film director Nobuhiro Suwa. He was born in Miyagi, Japan and died in Tokyo, Japan. His wife was actress Uraji Yamakawa.
Pruning (morphology)
The pruning algorithm is a technique used in digital image processing based on mathematical morphology. It is used as a complement to the skeleton and thinning algorithms to remove unwanted parasitic components (spurs). In this case 'parasitic' components refer to branches of a line which are not key to the overall shape of the line and should be removed. These components can often be created by edge detection algorithms or digitization. Common uses for pruning include automatic recognition of hand-printed characters. Often inconsistency in letter writing creates unwanted spurs that need to be eliminated for better characterization.

Digital image processing
Digital image processing is the use of a digital computer to process digital images through an algorithm. As a subcategory or field of digital signal processing, digital image processing has many advantages over analog image processing. It allows a much wider range of algorithms to be applied to the input data and can avoid problems such as the build-up of noise and distortion during processing. Since images are defined over two dimensions (perhaps more), digital image processing may be modeled in the form of multidimensional systems. The generation and development of digital image processing are mainly affected by three factors: first, the development of computers; second, the development of mathematics (especially the creation and improvement of discrete mathematics theory); and third, the demand for a wide range of applications in environment, agriculture, military, industry and medical science has increased.
Sophie Alexander (footballer)
Sophie Alexander (born 25 May 1993) is an Australian rules footballer playing for Essendon in the AFL Women's (AFLW). She was a South East Australian Basketball League basketballer before taking up football in the Victorian Women's Football League. Alexander spent a year in Collingwood's VFL Women's (VFLW) team before ascending to the senior list through the 2018 AFLW draft, where she played until the end of 2022 AFL Women's season 6.

Victorian Women's Football League
The Victorian Women's Football League (VWFL) was the oldest and largest Australian rules football league for women in the world, consisting of 47 clubs from Victoria, Australia across seven divisions with a total of over 1,000 players.
John Francillon
John Francillon (1744–1816) was a jeweler and lapidary, an English naturalist and an entomologist of Huguenot descent.

Francillon was a London jeweller who was also a dealer in natural history specimens and paintings. He was the agent for John Abbot selling his American bird and natural history illustrations. He maintained a large insect collection. Some of his butterflies appear in the Icones of William Jones. He was a Fellow of the Linnean Society.

Linnean Society of London
The Linnean Society of London is a learned society dedicated to the study and dissemination of information concerning natural history, evolution, and taxonomy. It possesses several important biological specimen, manuscript and literature collections, and publishes academic journals and books on plant and animal biology. The society also awards a number of prestigious medals and prizes.

A product of the 18th-century enlightenment, the society is the oldest extant biological society in the world and is historically important as the venue for the first public presentation of the theory of evolution by natural selection on 1 July 1858.

The patron of the society is Anne, Princess Royal. Vice-patrons include: Emeritus Emperor Akihito of Japan, King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden (both have active interests in natural history), and the eminent naturalist and broadcaster Sir David Attenborough.
Maple Shade Township, New Jersey
Maple Shade Township is a township in Burlington County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 19,980, an increase of 849 (+4.4%) from the 2010 census count of 19,131, which in turn reflected an increase of 0.3% from the 19,079 counted in the 2000 census. The township, and all of Burlington County, is a part of the Philadelphia-Reading-Camden combined statistical area and the Delaware Valley.

Faulkner Act
The Optional Municipal Charter Law or Faulkner Act (N.J.S.A 40:69A-1, et seq.) provides New Jersey municipalities with a variety of models of local government.  This legislation is called the Faulkner Act in honor of the late Bayard H. Faulkner, former mayor of Montclair, New Jersey, U.S., and former chairman of the Commission on Municipal Government.
St. James station (LIRR)
St. James is a station and historic landmark on the Port Jefferson Branch of the Long Island Rail Road. The station is located on Lake Avenue and Railroad Avenue, just south of New York State Route 25A in St. James, Suffolk County, New York.

Historic site
A historic site or heritage site is an official location where pieces of political, military, cultural, or social history have been preserved due to their cultural heritage value. Historic sites are usually protected by law, and many have been recognized with official historic status. A historic site may be any building, landscape, site or structure that is of local, regional, national, or global significance. Usually this also means the site must be at least 50 years or older.
Alistair Magowan
Alistair James Magowan (born 10 February 1955) is a British retired Anglican bishop. He served as the Bishop of Ludlow — the sole suffragan bishop of the Church of England Diocese of Hereford — from 2009 until his 2020 retirement.

Owlerton
Owlerton (/ˈoʊlərtən/) is a suburb of the city of Sheffield, England, 2.2 miles (3.5 km) northwest of the city centre near the confluence of the River Don and River Loxley. Owlerton was a small rural village from the Early Middle Ages; it became part of Sheffield in the early 1900s as the city expanded. Owlerton is just east of Hillsborough and within the Hillsborough ward. Hillsborough Stadium, Hillsborough Leisure Centre and Hillsborough College are in Owlerton.

The name is believed to come from the abundant growth of alder trees in the area.

It was the home of Owlerton F.C. in the 19th century.
Colin Murray (cricketer)
Colin Murray (born 26 December 1955) is a Trinidadian cricketer. He played in two first-class matches for Trinidad and Tobago in 1973/74 and 1980/81. He subsequently had a career as a cricket commentator and board member of the Queen's Park Cricket Club.

Trinidad and Tobago national cricket team
The Trinidad and Tobago national cricket team is the representative cricket team of the country of Trinidad and Tobago. The team competes under the franchise name, Trinidad and Tobago Red Force in the Cricket West Indies' Professional Cricket League which comprises both the Regional Four Day Competition and the Regional Super50. Trinidad has also won a sum of 13 regional one day titles, which is the most in the history of West Indies cricket.

The most prominent T&T cricketers include Jeffrey Stollmeyer, Sonny Ramadhin, Deryck Murray, Charlie Davis, Larry Gomes, Rangy Nanan, Gus Logie, Ian Bishop, Brian Lara, Mervyn Dillon, Daren Ganga, Ravi Rampaul, Dwayne Bravo, Denesh Ramdin and Samuel Badree.
Takashi Murakami
Takashi Murakami (村上 隆, Murakami Takashi; born February 1, 1962) is a Japanese contemporary artist. He works in fine arts (such as painting and sculpture) as well as commercial media (such as fashion, merchandise, and animation) and is known for blurring the line between high and low arts. His work draws from the aesthetic characteristics of the Japanese artistic tradition and the nature of postwar Japanese culture. He has designed covers for several hip hop albums, namely Kanye West's Graduation (2007), Future's eponymous fifth studio album (2017), West and Kid Cudi's Kids See Ghosts (2018), and Juice Wrld's posthumous The Party Never Ends (2024).

Murakami is the founder and President of the art trading company Kaikai Kiki Co., Ltd. through which he manages several artists. He was the founder and organizer of the biannual art fair Geisai.

Future (Future album)
Future (stylized in all caps) is the fifth studio album by the American rapper Future. It was released on February 17, 2017, by A1 Recordings, Freebandz and Epic Records. The album features production by Metro Boomin, Zaytoven, DJ Khaled, The Beat Bully, Southside, alongside production from other members of 808 Mafia such as DY, Fuse, Tarentino and Tre Pounds. The album was supported by three singles: "Draco", "Mask Off" and "Extra Luv".
Prežba
Prežba is a small inhabited island in the Croatian part of the Adriatic Sea, located northwest of the island of Lastovo in southern Dalmatia. It is connected to Lastovo by a bridge at the village of Pasadur on Lastovo. Prežba's area is 2.81 km2, but its coastline is 14.23 km long, due to the large number of coves on the island. Its highest peak is 136 m above sea level and there is a lighthouse on the south side of the island, across the bay from Ubli. The island was used by the Yugoslav People's Army as a military base containing a tunnel and tunnel for ships.

Uble
Uble, also referred to as Ubli, is a small coastal village in southern Croatia. It is located on the island of Lastovo in Dubrovnik-Neretva County.

The single nave Christian basilica built between 5th-6th century was dedicated to St. Peter. It represented the urban centre of the continuously growing and prospering ancient settlement near the natural port in Ubli on the Island of Lastovo. After archaeological research work, the basilica was conserved and classified as a monument of the highest category.
2009 Men's EuroHockey Nations Championship
The 2009 Men's EuroHockey Nations Championship was the 12th edition of the EuroHockey Nations Championship, the biennial international men's field hockey championship of Europe organized by the European Hockey Federation. It was held in the Wagener Stadium in Amstelveen, Netherlands from 22 to 30 August 2009.

England won the tournament for the first time after defeating Germany 5–3 in the final. The hosts and defending champions the Netherlands secured third place after defeating Spain 6–1 in the third-place playoff.

Amstelveen
Amstelveen (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌɑmstəlˈveːn] ⓘ) is a municipality and city in the province of North Holland, Netherlands, with a population of 95,996 as of 2024. It is a suburban part of the Amsterdam metropolitan area.

The municipality of Amstelveen consists of the historical villages of Bovenkerk and Nes aan de Amstel.  In addition, as well as Downtown Amstelveen (Dutch: Amstelveen stadshart), it contains the following neighbourhoods: Westwijk, Bankras-Kostverloren, Groenelaan, Waardhuizen, Middenhoven, Randwijk, Elsrijk and Keizer Karelpark. The name Amstelveen comes from the Amstel, a local river (as does the name Amsterdam) and veen, meaning fen, peat, or moor. Amstelveen houses the international headquarters of Dutch national airline KLM (although it is slated to leave for Schiphol  in the future, plans to move have been delayed due to covid and high costs) and KPMG, one of the Big Four accounting firms. The Cobra Museum is also located in Amstelveen.
Neil Smelser
Neil Joseph Smelser (1930–2017) was an American sociologist who served as professor of sociology at the University of California, Berkeley. He was an active researcher from 1958 to 1994. His research was on collective behavior, sociological theory, economic sociology, sociology of education, social change, and comparative methods. Among many lifetime achievements, Smelser "laid the foundations for economic sociology."

Social change
Social change is the alteration of the social order of a society which may include changes in social institutions, social behaviours or social relations. Sustained at a larger scale, it may lead to social transformation or societal transformation.
J. William Schopf
James William Schopf (born September 27, 1941) is an American paleobiologist and professor of earth sciences at the University of California Los Angeles. He is also Director of the Center for the Study of Evolution and the Origin of Life, and a member of the Department of Earth and Space Sciences, the Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, and the Molecular Biology Institute at UCLA. He is most well known for his study of Precambrian prokaryotic life in Australia's Apex chert. Schopf has published extensively in the peer reviewed literature about the origins of life on Earth. He is the first to discover Precambrian microfossils in stromatolitic sediments of Australia (1965), South Africa (1966), Russia (1977), India (1978), and China (1984). He served as NASA's principal investigator of lunar samples during 1969–1974.

Moon rock
Moon rock or lunar rock is rock originating from Earth's Moon. This includes lunar material collected during the course of human exploration of the Moon, and rock that has been ejected naturally from the Moon's surface and landed on Earth as lunar meteorites.
Dov'è l'amore
"Dov'è l'amore" (Italian pronunciation: [doˈvɛ llaˈmoːre]; English: "Where's [the] Love") is a song recorded by American singer Cher for her twenty-second studio album, Believe (1998). It was written by Mark Taylor and Paul Barry, and produced by Taylor and Brian Rawling, and released as the fourth single from the album on October 25, 1999. The song is a Latin-influenced track with Spanish guitar over dance beats. In the song, Cher mixes English with Italian lyrics as she sings: "Dov'è l'amore / dov'è l'amore / I cannot tell you of my love / here is my story".

Flamenco guitar
A flamenco guitar is a guitar similar to a classical guitar, but with lower action, thinner tops, smaller bodies, and less internal bracing. It usually has nylon strings, like the classical guitar, but it generally possesses a livelier, grittier sound compared to the classical guitar. It is used in toque, the guitar-playing part of the art of flamenco.
Tommy Briggs
Thomas Henry Briggs (27 November 1923 – 10 February 1984) was an English professional footballer who played as a centre forward. He was born in Chesterfield, Derbyshire, and died in Grimsby, Lincolnshire. He still holds a record for scoring seven goals in a single match for Blackburn Rovers against Bristol Rovers.

Briggs started his career at Grimsby Town in 1947. In 1950 he signed for Coventry City but did not settle. He moved on to Birmingham City but did not settle there either, eventually arriving at Blackburn Rovers.  He played 194 games and scored 140 goals for Rovers before returning to Grimsby in 1958.

He joined Glentoran as player-manager in March 1959, led them to runners-up spot in the 1959–60 Irish League, and left by mutual consent in late 1960.

He played and scored for the England B-team against Switzerland B in 1950.

1959–60 Irish League
The 1959–60 Irish League was the 59th edition of the Irish League, the highest level of league competition in Northern Irish football. The league consisted of 12 teams, and Glenavon won the championship.
Milovan Bojić
Milovan Bojić (Serbian Cyrillic: Милован Бојић; born 13 March 1955) is a Serbian medical doctor, administrator, and politician.

At one time a high-ranking member of the Yugoslav Left party, Bojić served as a Deputy Prime Minister of Serbia from 1998 to 2000 and was also the country's Minister of Health in 2000. He resigned from office with the fall of Slobodan Milošević's government. He was re-elected to the National Assembly of Serbia in the 2016 Serbian parliamentary election for the far-right Serbian Radical Party and served until his resignation on 30 August 2017.

He is currently the director of the Dedinje Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases, a position he previously held from 1992 to 2000.

Deputy Prime Minister of Serbia
The Deputy Prime Minister of Serbia (Serbian: Потпредседник Владе Србије, romanized: Potpredsednik Vlade Srbije, literally translated as Vice President of the Government of Serbia), is the official Deputy of the Prime Minister of Serbia.

According to convention, one deputy position is allocated to each junior partner in the ruling coalition, being ranked according to the size of their respective parties.