hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Claire Postlethwaite
Claire Maria Postlethwaite is an applied mathematician based in New Zealand, where she is a professor in applied mathematics at the University of Auckland and a principal investigator for Te Pūnaha Matatini. Her research involves heteroclinic networks in dynamical systems and delay differential equations, and their varied applications including neuroscience, evolutionary robotics, animal migration, and climate modelling.

Applied mathematics
Applied mathematics is the application of mathematical methods by different fields such as physics, engineering, medicine, biology, finance, business, computer science, social science, and industry. Thus, applied mathematics is a combination of mathematical science and specialized knowledge. The term "applied mathematics" also describes the professional specialty in which mathematicians work on practical problems by formulating and studying mathematical models.

In the past, practical applications have motivated the development of mathematical theories, which then became the subject of study in pure mathematics where abstract concepts are studied for their own sake. The activity of applied mathematics is thus intimately connected with research in pure mathematics.
USS Shenandoah (AD-44)
USS Shenandoah (AD-44) was the fourth and final ship of the Yellowstone-class of destroyer tenders.  AD-44 was the fifth ship to bear the name, USS Shenandoah as named for the Shenandoah Valley.  She was commissioned in 1983, only three years after the decommissioning of the previous USS Shenandoah (AD-26), also a destroyer tender.

In 1993, USS Shenandoah was unexpectedly diverted to the Persian Gulf to tend ships of the U.S. Seventh Fleet's USS Abraham Lincoln (CVN-72) Battle Group.  This was documented in the Shenandoah's Tenth Anniversary cruise book.  The Shenandoah and her crew members were awarded the Southwest Asia Service Medal with one campaign star and the Kuwait Liberation Medal (Kuwait).

Following her decommissioning in 1996, at only 13 years old, the USS Shenandoah was re-located at the James River Reserve Fleet in Fort Eustis, Va., awaiting final disposal.  In FY15, the ex-Shenandoah was sold for dismantlement, departed the JRRF and was withdrawn from MARAD inventory.

United States Seventh Fleet
The Seventh Fleet is a numbered fleet of the United States Navy. It is headquartered at U.S. Fleet Activities Yokosuka, in Yokosuka, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. It is part of the United States Pacific Fleet. At present, it is the largest of the forward-deployed U.S. fleets, with 50 to 70 ships, 150 aircraft and 27,000 sailors and marines. Its principal responsibilities are to provide joint command in natural disaster or military operations and operational command of all U.S. naval forces in the region.
Chad Kilgore
Chad Kilgore (born August 8, 1989) is an American former professional football linebacker. He played college football at Northwest Missouri State University. He was a member of the Oakland Raiders, Sacramento Mountain Lions, Saskatchewan Roughriders and Kansas City Chiefs.

Northwest Missouri State University
Northwest Missouri State University (NW Missouri) is a public university in Maryville, Missouri, United States. It has an enrollment of 9,152 students. Founded in 1905 as a teachers college, its campus is based on the design for Forest Park at the 1904 St. Louis World's Fair and is the official Missouri State Arboretum. The school is governed by a state-appointed Board of Regents and headed by President Lance Tatum.

The Northwest Bearcats compete in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (Division II) and Mid-America Intercollegiate Athletics Association for men's and women's sports.
A State of Trance Ibiza 2016
A State of Trance Ibiza 2016 is the third compilation album in the A State of Trance Ibiza compilation series mixed and compiled by Dutch DJ and record producer Armin van Buuren. It was released on 19 August 2016 by Armada Music. It includes collaborative tracks "The Race" (with Dave Winnel) and "Flashlight" (with Ørjan Nilsen).

Armada Music
Armada Music is a Dutch independent record label that specialises in releasing electronic dance music.

As of 2025, artists signed by Armada Music include Armin van Buuren, Bloom Twins, D.O.D., Eelke Kleijn, Loud Luxury, Shells, Sunnery James & Ryan Marciano, Themba and Trance Wax.
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1686
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1686, adopted unanimously on June 15, 2006, after recalling previous resolutions concerning Lebanon and the region, including 1373 (2001), 1566 (2004), 1595 (2005), 1636 (2005), 1644 (2005) and 1664 (2006), the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations International Independent Investigation Commission (UNIIIC) investigating the assassination of former Lebanese Prime Minister Rafik Hariri for one year.

The resolution, adopted in a private session, was backed by France and the United States.

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1373
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1373, adopted unanimously on 28 September 2001, is a counterterrorism measure passed following the 11 September terrorist attacks on the United States. The resolution was adopted under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, and is therefore binding on all UN member states.

According to the official record of the meeting, the meeting convoked at 9:55 pm and adjourned at 10:00 pm. The five-minute meeting exemplified the Security Council's working method, in which the meeting serves only as a public announcement of a decision that has already been reached in secret in "informal consultations". Although the United States is widely credited with initiating Resolution 1373, once adopted unanimously, the resolution became a common act of the Security Council, and therefore all its members at the time had ownership over it.
Role suction
Role suction is a term introduced in the United States by Fritz Redl in the mid-20th century to describe the power of a social group to allocate roles to its members.

W. R. Bion's group dynamics further explored the ways whereby the group (unconsciously) allocates particular functions to particular individuals in order to have its covert emotional needs met; and the process has recently been highlighted anew within the systems-centered therapy of Yvonne Agazarian.

Among regularly occurring group roles are those of the scapegoat for the group's troubles; the joker; the peacemaker; the critic/spokesperson for group standards;  the idol, or upholder of the group ideal; and the identified patient. In mixed gender groups, women may be disproportionately pressured by role suction into playing a nurturing/peacemaker role.

Scapegoating
Scapegoating, sometimes called playing the blame game, is the practice of singling out a person or group for unmerited blame and consequent negative treatment. Scapegoating may be conducted by individuals against individuals (e.g., "he did it, not me!"), individuals against groups (e.g., "I couldn't see anything because of all the tall people"), groups against individuals (e.g., "He was the reason our team didn't win"), and groups against groups.

A scapegoat may be an adult, child, sibling, employee, or peer, or it may be an ethnic, political or religious group, or a country. A whipping boy, identified patient, or fall guy are forms of scapegoat.

Scapegoating is distinct from buck passing. While scapegoating mainly centers around blame, buck passing revolves around passing responsibility between individuals. Instead of being a negatively cornered target, an individual involved in buck passing actively partakes in the act of shifting responsibility and may be able to deflect blame.
Infiltration (gamer)
Lee Seon-woo (Korean: 이선우), known as Infiltration, is a professional esports player from Seoul, South Korea, specializing in fighting games. Lee is a six-time Evolution Championship Series (EVO) champion; winning Super Street Fighter IV Arcade Edition v2012 in 2012, Street Fighter X Tekken in 2012 and 2013, Street Fighter V in 2016 and 2018 (EVO Japan)  and Samurai Shodown in 2019.

Lee was fired from his team, Panda Global, in November 2018 after the organization learned of a domestic abuse case he was convicted for the year before.

Super Street Fighter IV: Arcade Edition
Super Street Fighter IV: Arcade Edition is an update to Super Street Fighter IV, originally released in 2010 for the arcades. It has been ported in 2011 for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3, and Xbox 360.
Why I Am (song)
"Why I Am" is the second single from American rock band Dave Matthews Band's album Big Whiskey & the GrooGrux King. The song is a tribute to former band member LeRoi Moore, who died on August 19, 2008. The song discusses death and the urgency of living. It was written before Moore's death and features his playing on it.

The song debuted live on April 14, 2009, at Madison Square Garden, alongside two other album songs, "Funny the Way It Is" (the first single) and "Spaceman".  The song was performed by the band on The Today Show, Late Show with David Letterman, The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien, Late Night with Jimmy Fallon, Austin City Limits and Ellen, as well as Fuse Presents..., a show on the US television channel Fuse, which occurred on the same day as the release of Big Whiskey and the GrooGrux King (June 2, 2009).

A music video for the song was recorded live in London, England, and made its American debut on August 14, 2009, via MySpace.

Austin City Limits
Austin City Limits is an American live music television program recorded and produced by Austin PBS. The show helped Austin become widely known in the United States as the "Live Music Capital of the World", and is the only television show to receive the National Medal of Arts, which it was awarded in 2003. It also won a rare institutional Peabody Award in 2011 "for its more than three decades of presenting and preserving eclectic American musical genres". Austin City Limits is produced by Austin PBS under the Capital of Texas Public Telecommunications Council. The show was created in 1974 by Bill Arhos, Bruce Scafe, and Paul Bosner.

Beginning in season 15 (1990), Austin City Limits began broadcasting in Dolby Surround, and continued until season 24 (1999). From 1976 to 2004 (seasons 1-29), the show was broadcast in NTSC. From 2004 to 2007 (seasons 30-32), the show was broadcast in HDTV 720p. Beginning in season 33 (2007–2008), the show began broadcasting in widescreen 1080i.
Coprinellus pyrrhanthes
Coprinellus pyrrhanthes is a species of mushroom in the family Psathyrellaceae. First described as Coprinus pyrrhanthes by the mycologist Henri Romagnesi in 1951, it was later transferred to the genus Coprinellus in 2001.

Henri Romagnesi
Henri Charles Louis Romagnesi (7 February 1912 – 18 January 1999) was a French mycologist who was notable for a thorough review and monograph of the agaric genus Entoloma (or Rhodophyllus as it was known in the early 20th century), as well as extensive work on the large genus Russula, of which he described several new species.
The Very Best of Jessi Colter: An Outlaw...a Lady
The Very Best of Jessi Colter: An Outlaw, a Lady is a compilation album released by Capitol records; the collection features Country music singer Jessi Colter's biggest hits from the 1970s and 1980s.

The album includes Colter's signature song, the pop-country crossover hit "I'm Not Lisa", plus, its follow-up -- "What's Happened to Blue Eyes"—which reached #5 on the Country charts in 1975. The album includes nine of Colter's ten total charted hits.

Jessi Colter
Mirriam Johnson (born May 25, 1943), known professionally as Jessi Colter, is an American country singer who is best known for her collaborations with her second husband, country musician Waylon Jennings, and for her 1975 country hit "I'm Not Lisa".

Colter was one of the few female artists to emerge from the mid-1970s "outlaw country" movement.
After meeting Jennings, Colter pursued a career in country music, releasing her first studio LP in 1970, A Country Star Is Born. Five years later, Colter signed with Capitol Records and released "I'm Not Lisa", which topped the country charts and reached the top five on the pop charts. In 1976, she was featured on the collaboration LP Wanted: The Outlaws, which became an RIAA-certified platinum album.
Elections in the Isle of Man
The Isle of Man partially elects its legislature at the national level. The High Court of Tynwald consists of two chambers. The House of Keys has 24 members, elected in a general election for a five-year term in 12 two-seat constituencies. Each voter has two votes (but may choose to vote for only one candidate) and in each constituency the two candidates with the most votes are elected. The Legislative Council has 11 members: three ex-officio members and eight other members who are elected by the House of Keys for a five-year term. Political parties do not play an important role on the Island. The Isle of Man lowered its voting age from 18 to 16 in 2006.

Tynwald
Tynwald (Manx: Tinvaal), or more formally, the High Court of Tynwald (Ard-whaiyl Tinvaal) or Tynwald Court, is the legislature of the Isle of Man. It consists of two chambers, known as the branches of Tynwald: the directly elected House of Keys and the indirectly chosen Legislative Council. When the two chambers sit together, they become "Tynwald Court".

The chambers sit jointly, on Tynwald Day at St John's for largely ceremonial purposes, and usually once a month in the Legislative Buildings in Douglas. Otherwise, the two chambers sit separately, with the House of Keys originating most legislation, and the Legislative Council acting as a revising chamber.
East Woods School
East Woods School (EWS) is a relatively small private school in Oyster Bay Cove, Long Island, New York. The school serves students from many local communities, including Oyster Bay, Oyster Bay Cove, East Norwich, Centerport, Cove Neck, Cold Spring Harbor, Locust Valley, Huntington, Glen Cove, Laurel Hollow, Brookville, Upper Brookville, Old Brookville, Syosset and Muttontown.

Muttontown, New York
Muttontown is a village located within the Town of Oyster Bay in Nassau County, on Long Island, in New York, United States. it is considered part of the Greater Syosset area, which is anchored by Syosset. The population was 3,512 at the time of the 2020 census.
Le Déjeuner sur l'herbe
Le Déjeuner sur l'herbe (French: [lə deʒœne syʁ lɛʁb, -ʒøn-]; The Luncheon on the Grass) – originally titled Le Bain (The Bath) – is a large  oil on canvas  painting by  Édouard Manet  created in 1862 and 1863.

It depicts a nude woman and a scantily dressed bathing woman on a picnic with two fully dressed men in a rural setting. Rejected by the Salon jury of 1863, Manet seized the opportunity to exhibit this and two other paintings in the 1863 Salon des Refusés, where the painting sparked public notoriety and controversy. The work increased Manet's fame; in spite of this it failed to sell at its debut.

The work is in the Musée d'Orsay in Paris. A smaller, earlier version can be seen at the Courtauld Gallery, London.

The Tempest (Giorgione)
The Tempest (Italian La Tempesta) is a Renaissance painting by the Italian master Giorgione dated between 1506 and 1508. Originally commissioned by the Venetian noble Gabriele Vendramin, the painting is now in the Gallerie dell'Accademia of Venice, Italy.  Despite considerable discussion by art historians, the meaning of the scene remains elusive.
Vishwanath Mahadeshwar
Vishwanath Mahadeshwar (15 April 1960 – 8 May 2023) was an Indian Shiv Sena politician from Mumbai, Maharashtra. He served as the mayor of Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation. He had also served as chairman of the civic education committee and was a member of the standing committee.

Mahadeshwar died on 8 May 2023, at the age of 63.

Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation
The Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC)  is the governing civic body of Mumbai, the capital city of Maharashtra.

More well funded than any other municipal corporation in India, its annual budget exceeds that of some of the country's smaller states. Established by the legislature of British India under the Bombay Municipal Corporation Act 1888, the BMC is responsible for the civic infrastructure and administration of the city and some suburbs.
Spotted danio
The spotted danio or dwarf danio (Danio nigrofasciatus) is a tropical is a small freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Danionidae. Originating in northern Myanmar, this fish is sometimes found in community tanks by fish-keeping hobbyists. It grows to a maximum length of 1.5 in (38 mm) to 1.6 in (41 mm).

In the wild, the spotted danio is found in rivers in a tropical climate and prefers water with a pH of 6.5 – 7.0 and a hardness of 5.0 – 12.0 dGH, and an ideal temperature range of 75–82 °F (24–28 °C). The spotted danio is oviparous (an egg layer).

Danionin
The danionins are a group of small, slender "minnow-type" freshwater fish nestled in the family Danionidae of the suborder Cyprinoidei. Species of this group are in the genera clades Danio and Devario (which also includes Chela, Laubuka, Microdevario, and Microrasbora genera), based on the latest phylo-genetic research by Fang et al in 2009. They are primarily native to the fresh waters of South and Southeast Asia, with fewer species in Africa. Many species are brightly coloured and are available as aquarium fish worldwide. Fishes of the Danio clade tend to have horizontal striping, rows of spots, or vertical bars, and often have long barbels. Species within the Devario clade tend to have vertical or horizontal bars, and short, rudimentary barbels, if present at all. All danionins are egg scatterers, and breed in the rainy season in the wild. They are carnivores, living on insects and small crustaceans.
Don 2 (soundtrack)
Don 2 is the soundtrack to the 2011 film of the same name directed by Farhan Akhtar and produced by Red Chillies Entertainment and Excel Entertainment starring Shah Rukh Khan and Priyanka Chopra. A sequel to Don (2006), the film's soundtrack features nine songs, composed by Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy and lyrics written by Javed Akhtar. The album was released through T-Series label on 16 November 2011.

The album consisted of numerous genres ranging from retro to funk and incorporates the titular theme from the first film throughout the songs and score. Most of the numbers were situational in order to adapt with the screenplay. It received generally mixed response from music critics, who noted the repetitive nature of the main theme in all of the songs.

Excel Entertainment
Excel Entertainment is an Indian production company, founded by Ritesh Sidhwani and Farhan Akhtar in Mumbai in 1999. They mainly produce Hindi films.

Their debut production, Dil Chahta Hai, received critical acclaim and was a huge rage for the youth at that time. They won National Film Awards for both Dil Chahta Hai and Rock On!!. With productions such as Don, Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara, Fukrey, Dil Dhadakne Do, and Raees, they are known for presenting unique characters and a contemporary style of cinema. Gully Boy was also India's official entry to the 92nd Academy Awards.

Excel Entertainment also ventured into distribution and distributed the Hindi dubbed versions of the 2018 Indian Kannada-language period action thriller, K.G.F: Chapter 1, and its sequel, K.G.F: Chapter 2, both starring Yash. They also distributed the 2019 Telugu epic period film, Sye Raa Narasimha Reddy, starring Chiranjeevi.
Thomas Walker Mitchell
Thomas Walker Mitchell (1869–1944) most commonly referred to as T. W. Mitchell was a British physician and psychical researcher. He studied at the University of Edinburgh, where he gained an M.D. in 1906.

Mitchell wrote on medical psychology and psychopathology. He was a member of the British Psychoanalytical Society and the Psycho-Medical Society. He was also member of the Society for Psychical Research and was elected as President for the year 1922. He edited the British Journal of Medical Psychology.

He studied cases of hypnosis and somnambulism.

Society for Psychical Research
The Society for Psychical Research (SPR) is a nonprofit organisation in the United Kingdom. Its stated purpose is to understand events and abilities commonly described as psychic or paranormal. It describes itself as the "first society to conduct organised scholarly research into human experiences that challenge contemporary scientific models." It does not, however, since its inception in 1882, hold any corporate opinions: SPR members assert a variety of beliefs with regard to the nature of the phenomena studied.
Tatlatui Lake
Tatlatui Lake is a lake in the Tatlatui Range of the Omineca Mountains of the Northern Interior of British Columbia, Canada.  It is the source of the Firesteel River, the uppermost left tributary of the Finlay River, which begins just southeast at Thutade Lake, which is considered the ultimate source of the Mackenzie River.    The lake and adjoining summits are part of Tatlatui Provincial Park.

Tatlatui Provincial Park
Tatlatui Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, located at the southern end of the Spatsizi Plateau and around the headwaters of the Firesteel River, part of the Finlay-Peace River basin and therefore in the Arctic drainage.  Thutade Lake, at the head of the Firesteel and to the southeast of the park, is considered the ultimate source of the Mackenzie River (via the Finlay and Peace Rivers).
Diamond Jenness
Diamond Jenness, CC FRCGS (February 10, 1886, Wellington, New Zealand – November 29, 1969, Chelsea, Quebec, Canada) was one of Canada's greatest early scientists and a pioneer of Canadian anthropology.

Iñupiat
The Inupiat (singular: Iñupiaq), also known as Alaskan Inuit, are a group of Alaska Natives whose traditional territory roughly spans northeast from Norton Sound on the Bering Sea to the northernmost part of the Canada–United States border. Their current communities include 34 villages across Iñupiat Nunaat (Iñupiaq lands), including seven Alaskan villages in the North Slope Borough, affiliated with the Arctic Slope Regional Corporation; eleven villages in Northwest Arctic Borough; and sixteen villages affiliated with the Bering Straits Regional Corporation. They often claim to be the first people of the Kauwerak.
Hannelore Middecke
Hannelore Middecke (née Suppe, born 1943) is a German athlete who competed in the 400 and 800 metres.

In 1965, competing in the 800 metres, Hannelore Suppe finished third at the East German indoor championships before winning the East German championships outdoors. She received the national Sportswoman of the Year award.

In 1966 she set an unofficial world record in the 10,000 metres, recording 39:10.0, though time and place were not reported.

In 1969 she became East German champion in the 400 metres. She represented the club SC Motor Jena.

At the 1969 European Championships in Athens, Middecke finished fourth in the 400 metres in an East German record of 53.1 seconds. She also finished fifth at the 1969 European Athletics Championships – Women's 4 × 400 metres relay, with Waltraud Birnbaum, Roswitha Becker and Ingelore Lohse; in another East German record time.

FC Carl Zeiss Jena
Fußballclub Carl Zeiss Jena e. V. ([kaʁl ˈtsaɪs ˈjeːna]) is a German football club based in Jena, Thuringia. Founded in 1903, it was initially associated with the optics manufacturer Carl Zeiss. From the 1960s to the 1980s it was one of the top-ranked clubs in East Germany, won the DDR-Oberliga and the FDGB-Pokal three times each and reached the 1981 European Cup Winners' Cup Final. Since the German reunification in 1990, the club has competed no higher than the second tier. Since the 2021–22 season, Jena is playing  in the Regionalliga Nordost.