hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Salvia koyamae
Salvia koyamae (Shinano-akigiri) is a species of flowering plant in the Lamiaceae family. It is a perennial rarely found in the wild and native to the Japanese island of Honshu, where it has a close affinity to two other salvia species: Salvia glabrescens and Salvia nipponica. It was named by Tomitaro Makino, considered the "father of Japanese botany".

Salvia koyamae has a lax habit with decumbent stems reaching 2 feet or more that appear to creep, creating a loose ground cover about 1 foot tall. The large yellow-green cordate leaves are covered with fine hairs, and are 6 in long and 5 in wide with a 5 in long petiole. Pale yellow flowers grow in whorls, spaced on an inflorescence that can reach up to 1 ft long. Few flowers are in bloom at one time, but the heart-shaped leaves and yellow flowers make for an attractive plant. Around 1990 it was grown at the University of California Botanical Garden and introduced into horticulture soon after that.

Tomitaro Makino
Tomitaro Makino (牧野 富太郎, Makino Tomitarō; 24 April 1862 – 18 January 1957) was a pioneer Japanese botanist noted for his taxonomic work. He has been called "Father of Japanese Botany", having been one of the first Japanese botanists to work extensively on classifying Japanese plants using the system developed by Linnaeus. His research resulted in collecting more than 500,000 specimens, many of which are represented in his Makino's Illustrated Flora of Japan. Despite having dropped out of grammar school, he eventually attained a Doctor of Science degree, and his birthday is remembered as Botany Day in Japan.
Aréna Jacques Plante
The Arena Jacques Plante was a 2,524-seat (total capacity 3,700) multi-purpose arena in Shawinigan, Quebec, Canada. It was built in 1937. It was home to the Shawinigan Cataractes Ice hockey team.  The arena is named in honour of Jacques Plante; formerly, the building was known as the Shawinigan Municipal Auditorium. In 2008, the building was closed in favour of the new Centre Bionest located adjacent to the Arena Jacques Plante.

Shawinigan
Shawinigan (English: /ʃəˈwɪnɪɡən/; French: [ʃawiniɡan] ⓘ) is a city located on the Saint-Maurice River in the Mauricie area in Quebec, Canada. It had a population of 49,620 as of the 2021 Canadian census.

Shawinigan is also a territory equivalent to a regional county municipality (TE) and census division (CD) of Quebec, coextensive with the city of Shawinigan. Its geographical code is 36. Shawinigan is the seat of the judicial district of Saint-Maurice.

The name Shawinigan has had numerous spellings over time: Chaouinigane, Oshaouinigane, Assaouinigane, Achawénégan, Chawinigame, Shawenigane, Chaouénigane. It may mean "south portage", "portage of beeches", "angular portage", or "summit" or "crest". Before 1958, the city was known as Shawinigan Falls.

Shawinigan is the birthplace of former Prime Minister of Canada Jean Chrétien.
Victor L. Littig
Victor Louis Littig (December 7, 1873 – July 13, 1936) was an American football player and coach.  He served as the head football coach at the University of North Dakota in 1900.

Littig played college football at the University of Iowa. He served as the first football coach at Davenport High School.

In 1916, Littig coach the Davenport Athletic Club team to a 7–2–1 record despite enduring a player revolt.

University of North Dakota
The University of North Dakota (UND) is a public research university in Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States. It was established by the Dakota Territorial Assembly in 1883, six years before the establishment of the state of North Dakota.

The university has the only schools of law and medicine in the state of North Dakota. The John D. Odegard School of Aerospace Sciences was the first in the country to offer a degree in unmanned aircraft systems operation. Several national research institutions are on the university's campus including the Energy and Environmental Research Center, the School of Medicine and Health Sciences, and the USDA Human Nutrition Research Center. It is classified among "R1: Doctoral universities – very high research activity".
Puducherry State Election Commission
Puducherry Election Commission an autonomous and statutory body constituted in Indian union territory of Puducherry (formerly Pondicherry) for ensuring that elections in states and union territories are conducted in free, fair and unbiased way. Constitution of India with provisions as per Article 243K and 243 ZA and Article 324 ensures creation and safeguarding of the powers of State Election Commissions. Puducherry State Election Commission is responsible for conducting elections for Urban Local Bodies like Municipalities, Municipal Corporations, Panchayats and any other specified by Election Commission of India. Puducherry State Election Commissioner is appointed by Governor of Puducherry.

State election commission (India)
States Election Commission is an autonomous and constitutional body empowered to conduct free and fair elections to local self government institutions in the states and union territories of India. Established as per the provisions of Article 243 of the Constitution of India, the states Election Commissions are responsible for conducting elections for the local bodies at the state level. It is supervised by a state election commissioner appointed by the Governor of the corresponding state.
Spill At Will
Spill At Will is the fourth studio album by American rapper Paradime, released on July 17, 2007 via Beats At Will Records. It featured guest appearances by the likes of Guilty Simpson, Trick-Trick, Marv Won, Cadillac Dale, King Jazzy, and Kenny Tudrick.

The album's cover art and title served as a tribute to Ice Cube's Kill At Will EP.

Originally scheduled as an extended play, Spill At Will became a full-length album during its creation. It is also a prequel to his upcoming fifth LP titled The Slow But Inevitable Maturation of Freddie, which supposed to be released in fall 2010.

Dime won Detroit Music Award in category Outstanding National Small/Independent Label Recording.

Kill at Will
Kill at Will (titled At Will in its censored version) is an extended play by American rapper Ice Cube, released on December 19, 1990, via Priority Records. Kill at Will was a commercial success, as it received a platinum certification from the RIAA.
Cap product
In algebraic topology the cap product is a method of adjoining a chain of degree  with a cochain of degree , such that , to form a composite chain of degree .   It was introduced by Eduard Čech in 1936, and independently by Hassler Whitney in 1938.

Eduard Čech
Eduard Čech  (Czech: [ˈɛduart ˈtʃɛx]; 29 June 1893 – 15 March 1960) was a Czech mathematician. His research interests included projective differential geometry and topology. He is especially known for the technique known as Stone–Čech compactification (in topology) and the notion of Čech cohomology. He was the first to publish a proof of Tychonoff's theorem in 1937.
Cameron Baird
Cameron Stewart Baird, VC, MG (7 June 1981 – 22 June 2013) was a soldier in the Australian Army who was posthumously awarded the Victoria Cross for Australia, the highest award in the Australian honours system. Baird was the fourth person to receive the Victoria Cross for Australia during Operation Slipper.

Australia in the War in Afghanistan
The Australian contribution to the war in Afghanistan has been known as Operation Slipper (2001–2014) and Operation Highroad (2015–2021).

Australian Defence Force (ADF) operations and the size of the forces deployed have varied and ADF involvement has included two major areas of activity: Afghanistan and the Persian Gulf. These activities have seen the deployment of naval, air and land forces that have taken part in combat and combat support operations as part of the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF).

In mid-2014, the naval and logistic support operations in the Persian Gulf were re-designated as Operation Manitou and Operation Accordion respectively.
John J. McKinnon
John J. McKinnon (July 29, 1847 – January, 1884) was a lawyer and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada. He represented Antigonish County in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1874 to 1877 as an independent member.

He was born at Williams Point, Antigonish County, Nova Scotia, the son of John McKinnon, a former member of the assembly and member of the Legislative Council, and Jeannet Chisholm. He was educated at St. Francis Xavier College. McKinnon was called to the Nova Scotia bar in 1872. In 1874, he married Christina McDonald. McKinnon resigned his seat in the assembly in 1877. He ran unsuccessfully for a seat in the House of Commons in 1878. McKinnon died in Winnipeg, Manitoba at the age of 36.

St. Francis Xavier University
St. Francis Xavier University is a public undergraduate liberal arts university located in Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada. It is a member of the Maple League, a group of primarily undergraduate universities in Eastern Canada.
Nathan Thomas (rugby union)
Nathan Thomas (born 22 January 1976 in Bridgend, Wales) is a Welsh former international rugby union footballer who played in the back row.

Thomas has played for various clubs during his career, including Bridgend, Bath, Cardiff Blues, Leeds Tykes, the Scarlets and Neath. He started for Bath in the victorious 1998 Heineken Cup Final as they defeated Brive.
He played 9 times for Wales between 1996 and 1998, his last being against South Africa.

In November 2009 he joined Gloucester on a short-term loan deal, but he did not make an appearance for them and now plays for their feeder club, Hartpury College. He is a lecturer at the college.

Hartpury University and Hartpury College
Hartpury University and Hartpury College, formerly Hartpury College, is a provider of further and higher education. The university and college is set in a 360-hectare estate located in Hartpury, near Gloucester, in Gloucestershire, England.

The college offers A-levels, T Levels and vocational diplomas in the land-based and sports sectors.

Hartpury University gained university status in 2018 with Hartpury College of Further Education becoming a subsidiary of the University. The University offers PhDs, and postgraduate and undergraduate degrees in agriculture, animal, equine, sport and veterinary nursing.
Cap. Krish Persaud Airport
Chame Airport (LID: MP24) is an airport serving  Chame District, a district in the Panamá Oeste Province of Panama.

The airport is 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) inland from the Gulf of Panama. There is distant rising terrain to the north.

The Taboga Island non-directional beacon (Ident: TBG) and VOR-DME (Ident: TBG) are 22.9 nautical miles (42.4 km) east-northeast of the airport.

Chame District
Chame is a district (distrito) of Panamá Oeste Province in Panama. The population according to the 2000 census was 19,625; the latest official estimate (for 2019) is 31,373. The district covers a total area of 377 km2. The capital lies at the city of Chame.
Ragged Old Flag
Ragged Old Flag is the 47th album by American country music singer Johnny Cash, released on Columbia Records in 1974. The album addresses several political as well as ethical issues, like many of Cash's other releases. The title track, and the only single from the album, is a spoken word tribute to patriotism amid the Watergate scandal. "Don't Go Near the Water" addresses another hot political issue of the time, the environment. All of the songs on the album were composed by Cash, save "I'm a Worried Man" by himself and June Carter Cash.

Spoken word
Spoken word is an oral poetic performance art that is based mainly on the poem's as well as the performer's aesthetic qualities. It is a 20th-century continuation of an ancient oral artistic tradition that focuses on the aesthetics of recitation and word play, such as the performer's live intonation and voice inflection. Spoken word is a catch-all term that includes any kind of poetry recited aloud, including poetry readings, poetry slams, jazz poetry, pianologues, musical readings, and hip hop music, and can include comedy routines and prose monologues. Unlike written poetry, the quality of spoken word is shaped less by the visual aesthetics on a page, and more from phonaesthetics or the aesthetics of sound.
Modiolus barbatus
Modiolus barbatus, commonly called the bearded horse mussel, is a species of "horse mussel", a marine bivalve mollusc in the family Mytilidae, the mussels.

The fossil record of this species dates back to the Pliocene (age range: 3.6 to 2.588 million years ago).

Mytilidae
The Mytilidae are a family of small to large marine and brackish-water bivalve molluscs in the order Mytilida. One of the genera, Limnoperna, even inhabits freshwater environments. Mytilidae, which contains some 52 genera, is the only extant family within the order Mytilida.

Species in the family Mytilidae are found worldwide, but they are more abundant in colder seas, where they often form uninterrupted beds on rocky shores in the intertidal zone and the shallow subtidal. The subfamily Bathymodiolinae is found in deep-sea habitats.

Mytilids include the well-known, edible sea mussels.

A common feature of the shells of mussels is an asymmetrical shell, which has a thick, adherent periostracum.  The animals attach themselves to a solid substrate using a byssus.

A 2020 study of the phylogeny of the Mytilidae recovered two main clades derived from an epifaunal ancestor, with subsequent lineages shifting to other lifestyles, and correlating convergent evolution of siphon traits.
Kushner
The surname Kushner is an English-based transliteration of the Yiddish name קושנער, a variant of קושניר (Kushnir), an occupational name stemming from קירזשנער (kirzshner), a furrier. This is related to the German word Kürschner and the Ukrainian word кушнір (kushnir), with the same meaning.

Fur clothing
Fur clothing is clothing made from the preserved skins of mammals. Fur is one of the oldest forms of clothing and is thought to have been widely used by people for at least 120,000 years. The term 'fur' is often used to refer to a specific item of clothing such as a coat, wrap, or shawl made from the fur of animals.

Humans wear fur garments to protect them from cold climates and wind chill, but documented evidence of fur as a marker of social status exists as far back as 2,000 years ago with ancient Egyptian royalty and high priests wearing the skins of leopards.

Historically in European and Middle Eastern cultures fur garments often had the fur facing inwards with cloth on the exterior of the jacket, but in the 19th century a trend for wearing seal fur coats with the fur facing outwards became the trend. Worldwide, both styles are popular, with fur linings offering more thermal benefits and exterior furs serving more of a fashionable purpose.
Burlingham, Ohio
Burlingham is an unincorporated community in northern Bedford Township, Meigs County, Ohio, United States named for the area's first postmaster. Burlingham allegedly received the nickname of "Bungtown" in the late 1800s when the local women became upset with their husbands for spending too much time at the local saloon and knocked all of the bungs out of the whiskey barrels. The escaping liquor was then used to burn down the saloon.

Burlingham's nickname lends its name to the Bungtown Salsa Company, which is located in nearby Shade, Ohio. The structure fire also gets recognition in the company's Fatalii Saloon Burner hot sauce.

Western saloon
A Western saloon is a kind of bar particular to the Old West. Saloons served customers such as fur trappers, cowboys, soldiers, lumberjacks, businessmen, lawmen, outlaws, miners, and gamblers. A saloon might also be known as a "watering trough, bughouse, shebang, cantina, grogshop, and gin mill". The first saloon was established at Brown's Hole, Wyoming, in 1822, to serve fur trappers.

By 1880, the growth of saloons was in full swing. In Leavenworth, Kansas, there were "about 150 saloons and four wholesale liquor houses". Some saloons in the Old West were little more than casinos, brothels, and opium dens.
Irenicism
In Christian theology, irenicism refers to attempts to unify Christian apologetical systems by using reason as an essential attribute. The word is derived from the Greek word ειρήνη (eirene) meaning peace. It is a concept related to a communal theology and opposed to committed differences, which can cause unavoidable tension or friction, and is rooted in the ideals of pacifism. Those who affiliate themselves with irenicism identify the importance of unity in the Christian Church and declare the common bond of all Christians under Christ.

Apologetics
Apologetics (from Ancient Greek  ἀπολογία (apología) 'speech in defense') is the religious discipline of  defending religious doctrines through systematic argumentation and discourse. Early Christian writers (c. 120–220) who defended their beliefs against critics and recommended their faith to outsiders were called Christian apologists. In 21st-century usage, apologetics is often identified with debates over religion and theology.
Azalai
The Azalai (Tamasheq, var. Azalay) is a semi-annual salt caravan route practiced by Tuareg traders in the Sahara desert between Timbuktu and the Taoudenni salt mine in Mali, or the act of traveling with a caravan along that route.

The other major West African salt caravan route, heading from around Agadez to Fachi and Bilma in Niger, is called Taghlamt (in Tamasheq, or Taglem or Tagalem in Hausa language).

The two are among the last caravan routes in the Sahara that are still in use. Both caravans have largely been replaced by unpaved truck routes.

Tuareg languages
Tuareg (English:  /ˈtwɑːrɛɡ/), also known as Tamasheq (English:  /ˈtæməʃɛk/), Tamajaq or Tamahaq (Tifinagh: ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵌⴰⵆ), is a group of closely related Berber varieties. They are spoken by the Tuareg Berbers in large parts of Mali, Niger, Algeria, Libya, and Burkina Faso, with a few speakers, the Kinnin, in Chad.
Trundle, New South Wales
Trundle is a small town in Parkes Shire in the Central West of New South Wales, Australia. It and the surrounding area had a population of 335 in the 2021 census.

It lies in wheat-growing country and is on the Bogan Gate–Tottenham railway line, completed to Trundle in 1907.

The line is now used for freight only.

Bogan Gate–Tottenham railway line
The Bogan Gate-to-Tottenham railway line is a railway line in New South Wales, Australia. It starts at the Bogan Gate junction on the transcontinental railway line and terminates at the town of Tottenham, New South Wales, near the geographic centre of that state. Although stations were built on the line, all have been closed, and it is now solely a goods line.
Wayne State University School of Medicine
The Wayne State University School of Medicine (WSUSOM) is the medical school of Wayne State University, a public research university in Detroit, Michigan. It enrolls more than 1,500 students in undergraduate medical education, master's degree, Ph.D., and M.D.-Ph.D. WSUSOM traces its roots through four predecessor institutions since its founding in 1868.

MD–PhD
The Doctor of Medicine–Doctor of Philosophy (MD–PhD) is a dual doctoral program for physician–scientists, combining the professional training of the Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) degree with the research program of the Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) degree.

In the United States, the National Institutes of Health currently provides 50 medical schools with Medical Scientist Training Program grants that support the training of students in MD–PhD programs through tuition and stipend allowances. These programs are often competitive, with some admitting as few as two students per academic year.

The MCAT score and GPA of MD–PhD matriculants are often higher than MD only matriculants.
Our Fair Lady
Our Fair Lady is an LP album by Julie London, released by Liberty Records under catalog number LRP-3392 as a monophonic recording and catalog number LST-7392 in stereo in 1965.

Most of the material had been previously released. Tracks 3–5 & 8 were the only new songs, recorded October 9–10, 1964, in sessions arranged by Richard Wess. According to London biographer Michael Owen, an additional song, "House Where Love Is," was recorded at the October 9–10 sessions and "presumably remains in the vaults."

Liberty Records
Liberty Records was a record label founded in the United States by chairman Simon Waronker in 1955 with Alvin Bennett as president and Theodore Keep as chief engineer. It was reactivated in 2001 in the United Kingdom and had two previous revivals.
Aphrodisias (Cilicia)
Aphrodisias (Ancient Greek: Ἀφροδισιάς), sometimes called Aphrodisias of Cilicia to distinguish it from the town of the same name in Caria, was a port city of ancient Cilicia whose ruins now lie near Cape Tisan in Mersin Province, Turkey.

Mersin Province
Mersin Province (Turkish: Mersin ili), formerly İçel Province (İçel ili), is a province and metropolitan municipality in southern Turkey, on the Mediterranean coast between Antalya and Adana. Its area is 16,010 km2, and its population is 1,916,432 (2022). The provincial capital and the biggest city in the province is Mersin, which is composed of four municipalities and district governorates: Akdeniz, Mezitli, Toroslar and Yenişehir. Next largest is Tarsus, the birthplace of Paul the Apostle. The province is considered to be a part of the geographical, economical and cultural region of Çukurova, which covers the provinces of Mersin, Adana, Osmaniye and Hatay.
Edward U. Knowlton
Edward Ute Knowlton (June 24, 1933 – December 1, 2016) was an American physician and politician.

Born in Ogden, Utah, Knowlton graduated from the University of Utah School of Medicine and then practiced medicine in Kaysville, Utah. He served in the United States Army during the Vietnam War and retired as a lieutenant colonel in 1969. From 1981 until 1987, Knowlton served in the Utah House of Representatives and was a Republican. Knowlton died in Kaysville, Utah from Lou Gehrig's Disease.

Kaysville, Utah
Kaysville is a city in Davis County, Utah. It is part of the Ogden–Clearfield metropolitan area. The population was 32,945 at the time of the 2020 census.

Kaysville is home to the USU Botanical Gardens, which also serve as an extension location and distance education center for Utah State University.
Héctor Francisco Rodríguez
Héctor Francisco Rodríguez Hernández is a Honduran football referee who was a listed international referee for FIFA from 2011 to 2019. He officiates in both the Liga Nacional de Fútbol de Honduras and CONCACAF competitions. He officiated the first leg of the 2015 CONCACAF Champions League Finals between Montreal Impact and América.

2015 CONCACAF Champions League final
The 2015 CONCACAF Champions League final was the final of the 2014–15 CONCACAF Champions League, the 7th edition of the CONCACAF Champions League under its current format, and overall the 50th edition of the premium football club competition organized by CONCACAF, the regional governing body of North America, Central America, and the Caribbean.

The final was contested in two-legged home-and-away format between Mexico's América and Canada's Montreal Impact. The first leg was hosted by América at Estadio Azteca in Mexico City on 22 April 2015, while the second leg was hosted by the Montreal Impact at Olympic Stadium in Montreal on 29 April 2015. The winner earned the right to represent CONCACAF at the 2015 FIFA Club World Cup, entering at the quarterfinal stage.

After a 1–1 first leg, América won the second leg 4–2 to win 5–3 on aggregate for their record-tying sixth overall CONCACAF club title.
Agardhbukta
Agardhbukta is a bay between Sabine Land and Heer Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. It is located at the western side of Storfjorden. It has a length of about 5.5 kilometers and is a continuation of the valley Agardhdalen. The bay is named after botanist Jacob Georg Agardh. The river Agardhelva debouches into the bay. The coastal plain Belemnittsletta is to the east of the bay. Inside of the bay is the inlet Båtbogen.

Sabine Land
Sabine Land (/ˈseɪbɪn/ SAY-bin) is a land area on the east coast of Spitsbergen, Svalbard. It is named after explorer General Sir Edward Sabine. Among the glaciers in the area is the 250-square-kilometer (97 sq mi) Nordmannsfonna glacier.