hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Holyoke Millers
The Holyoke Millers were a minor league baseball team located in Holyoke, Massachusetts.  The team played in the Eastern League.  Their home stadium was Mackenzie Stadium. The Millers played from 1977 to 1982 and was a farm team of the Milwaukee Brewers the first four years and the California Angels the last two years. In 1980, the team won the Eastern League championship.

The nickname 'Millers' was derived from the many paper mills that Holyoke was noted for, especially in the first half of the 20th century.

Society for American Baseball Research
The Society for American Baseball Research (SABR) is a membership organization dedicated to fostering the research and dissemination of the history and statistical record of baseball. The organization was founded in Cooperstown, New York, on August 10, 1971, at a meeting of 16 "statistorians" coordinated by sportswriter Bob Davids. The organization now reports a membership of over 7,500 and is based in Phoenix, Arizona.
Kew High School
Kew High School is a co-educational school in suburban Melbourne for students in years 7–12.

The school has an enrolment of approximately 1146 students from the suburbs of Kew, East Kew, Balwyn North, Balwyn, Deepdene, Alphington, Ivanhoe, Ivanhoe East, Eaglemont and Bulleen.

Deepdene, Victoria
Deepdene is a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,  9 kilometres (5.6 miles) east from Melbourne's central business district, located within the City of Boroondara local government area. Deepdene recorded a population of 2,101 at the 2021 census.

Formerly a neighbourhood within the suburb of Balwyn, Lachlan Williams, former Councillor for Cotham Ward, took the idea of having Deepdene gazetted as a suburb to the 2004 Boroondara Council Elections. As Councillor he obtained budget approval in 2006 for local consultation on gazetting and boundaries. After a positive community response, Council sought formalisation and the Office of Geographic Names officially gazetted the proposal in the Victoria Government Gazette on 4 December 2008 and recognised Deepdene as a bounded locality in April 2010. A proposal to extend the suburb boundaries east to Balwyn Road and north to Belmore Road was voted down by Boroondara Council in April 2014.
Area code 636
Area code 636 is a telephone area code in North American Numbering Plan (NANP) for the east-central part of the U.S. state of Missouri, comprising mainly the western suburbs of St. Louis. It includes parts of Chesterfield and Fenton in St. Louis County, and all of St. Charles, Jefferson, and Warren counties, all of Franklin County with the exception of Sullivan, as well as the towns of High Hill and Jonesburg in Montgomery County and the southern portion of Lincoln County. It was created in 1999 in an area code split from area code 314, which was one of the original North American area codes of 1947.

St. Charles County, Missouri
St. Charles County is located in the central eastern part of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the population was 405,262, making it Missouri's third-most populous county. Its county seat is St. Charles. The county was organized October 1, 1812, and named for Saint Charles Borromeo, an Italian cardinal.

St. Charles County is part of the St. Louis, MO-IL Metropolitan Statistical Area and contains many of the city's northwestern suburbs. The wealthiest county in Missouri, St. Charles County is one of the nation's fastest-growing counties.

St. Charles County includes a part of the Augusta AVA, an area of vineyards and wineries designated by the federal government in 1980 as the first American Viticultural Area. The county's rural outer edge along the south-facing bluffs above the Missouri River, is also part of the broader Missouri Rhineland.
Griffin Butte
Griffin Butte, at 8,411 feet (2,564 m) above sea level is a peak in the Smoky Mountains of Idaho. The peak is located in Sawtooth National Forest in Blaine County northwest of Ketchum. It is located in the watershed of the Big Wood River. It is about 1.75 mi (2.82 km) west of Idaho State Highway 75. No roads or trails go to the summit.

Idaho State Highway 75
State Highway 75 is a two-lane highway in the western United States that travels through the Sawtooth Valley of central Idaho. The highway's southern terminus is in Shoshone, and its northern is near Challis.  It is designated as one of Idaho's scenic byways and provides access to Sawtooth National Recreation Area and primarily follows the Big Wood River in the south and the main Salmon River in the north, divided by Galena Summit.
Language policy
Language policy is both an interdisciplinary academic field and implementation of ideas about language use.
Some scholars such as Joshua Fishman and Ofelia García consider it as part of sociolinguistics. On the other hand, other scholars such as Bernard Spolsky, Robert B. Kaplan and Joseph Lo Bianco argue that language policy is a branch of applied linguistics.

As a field, language policy is also known as language planning or language policy and planning, and is related to other fields such as language ideology, language revitalization, and language education, among others.

Joshua Fishman
Joshua Fishman (Yiddish: שיקל פֿישמאַן — Shikl Fishman; July 18, 1926 – March 1, 2015) was an American linguist who specialized in the sociology of language, language planning, bilingual education, and language and ethnicity.
Information Council for the Environment
The Information Council for the Environment (ICE) was an American climate change denial organization created by the National Coal Association, the Western Fuels Association, and Edison Electrical Institute.

Edison Electric Institute
The Edison Electric Institute (EEI) is an association that represents all U.S. investor-owned electric companies.

In its official communications, EEI mostly cast doubt on climate change in the 1990s. In the 2000s, EEI no longer cast doubt on climate change. However, in its official communications, the organization called for a delay in transitioning towards cleaner sources of energy. The organization heavily promoted "clean coal" as a cleaner source of energy (mentioning "clean coal" as much as all other carbon-free technologies combined). Since 2015, EEI's official communications have acknowledged the scientific consensus on climate change, although its chairman in 2017 said he did not agree with the scientific consensus.

In 2023, EEI lobbied against the Joe Biden administration's proposals to require upgrades to existing natural gas-fired power plants in order to curb climate-warming emissions.
Oligochaeta
Oligochaeta is a subclass of soft-bodied animals in the phylum Annelida, which is made up of many types of aquatic and terrestrial worms, including all of the various earthworms.  Specifically, oligochaetes comprise the terrestrial megadrile earthworms (some of which are semiaquatic or fully aquatic), and freshwater or semiterrestrial microdrile forms, including the tubificids, pot worms and ice worms (Enchytraeidae), blackworms (Lumbriculidae) and several interstitial marine worms.

With around 10,000 known species, the Oligochaeta make up about half of the phylum Annelida. These worms usually have few setae (chaetae) or "bristles" on their outer body surfaces, and lack parapodia, unlike polychaeta.

Lumbriculus variegatus
Lumbriculus variegatus, also known as the blackworm or California blackworm or Australian Blackworm, is a species of worm inhabiting North America, Europe, and Australia. It lives in shallow-water marshes, ponds, and swamps, feeding on microorganisms and organic material. The maximum length of a specimen is 10 cm (3.9 in). Worms raised in laboratory environment are slightly shorter, with 4 to 6 cm (1.6 to 2.4 in) long bodies. An adult individual has approximately 150 to 250 1.5 mm wide segments, each of which has the ability to regenerate into a new individual when separated from the rest of the animal. In most populations, this is the primary mode of reproduction, and mature individuals are exceedingly rare; in large areas (including Asia, most of North America and the greater part of Europe) mature individuals have never been found.
The name blackworm is given to at least three distinct species of worm that are identical in appearance and were once considered a single species.
Altamont School
The Altamont School, located in Birmingham, Alabama atop Red Mountain, is a college preparatory day school with coeducational enrollment of grades 5–12. Most of the students live in Birmingham and the surrounding communities.

Fifth grade
Fifth grade (also 5th Grade or Grade 5) is the fifth or sixth year of formal or compulsory education. In the United States, this is mostly the last grade of primary school, but for some states, it could be the first year of middle school. Primary school generally goes from Kindergarten and ends in fifth or sixth grade. Students in fifth grade are usually 10–11 years old. In different countries, they have different names for fifth grade. The list of different versions is below, depending on the country.
Pedro Miguel González
Pedro Miguel González Pinzón (born January 1, 1965) is a leading political figure in Panama who was tried and acquitted by a Panamian court of the June 10, 1992, killing of a US Army serviceman, Sgt. Zak Hernández, and the serious wounding of another, Sgt. Ronald T. Marshall.

In addition to serving as a deputy in the National Assembly, where he represented the province of Veraguas for the ruling Democratic Revolutionary Party (PRD), he served as President of the unicameral National Assembly from September 1, 2007, elected by a vote of 50-26 (defeating his rival Wigberto Quintero of the Nationalist Republican Liberal Movement), until August 31, 2008.

National Assembly (Panama)
The National Assembly of Panama (Spanish: Asamblea Nacional de Panamá), formerly the Legislative Assembly of Panama (Asamblea Legislativa de Panamá), is the legislative branch of the government of the Republic of Panama.

It is a unicameral legislature, currently made up of 71 members, who serve five-year terms.  Legislators from outlying rural districts are chosen by a first past the post method, while districts located in more populous towns and cities elect multiple legislators by means of a proportion-based formula.  Panama's legislative elections are held simultaneous with its presidential and local elections.

Panama also returns a delegation of 20 deputies to the supranational Central American Parliament.
Parmelia serrana
Parmelia serrana is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It is native to Mediterranean regions, particularly in mountainous areas. It is a member of a complex of similar species centred around the common and widespread Parmelia saxatilis. It can be distinguished from these close relatives by the combination of long, sparsely branched lobes, numerous orbicular soralia, small pseudocyphellae, and sparse, mostly simple rhizines.

Mediterranean basin
In biogeography, the Mediterranean basin (/ˌmɛdɪtəˈreɪniən/ MED-ih-tə-RAY-nee-ən), also known as the Mediterranean region or sometimes Mediterranea, is the region of lands around the Mediterranean Sea that mostly have a Mediterranean climate, with mild to cool, rainy winters and warm to hot, dry summers, which supports characteristic Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub vegetation.
Cake stand
A cake stand is a type of tableware used for serving cake and other pastries, or a type of kitchen equipment used for holding cakes while they are decorated. The most common form is a plate on a pedestal; sometimes there are multiple plates in a tower. While most commonly made of ceramic, but may also be made of metal, glass, ceramic, and so on.

Pastry
Pastry is various doughs (often enriched with fat or eggs), and the sweet and savoury baked goods made with them. The dough may be called pastry dough. Sweetened pastries are often described as baker's confectionery. Common pastry dishes include pies, tarts, croissants, and turnovers.

The French word pâtisserie is also used in English (with or without the accent) for many of the same foods, as well as the set of techniques used to make them. Originally, the French word pastisserie referred to anything, such as a meat pie, made in dough (paste, later pâte) and not typically a luxurious or sweet product. This meaning still persisted in the nineteenth century, though by then the term more often referred to the sweet and often ornate confections implied today.
Hatano Jazz Band
Hatano Jazz Band (Japanese: Hatano Orchestra ハタノ・オーケストラ) was a Japanese band founded by graduates from Tokyo Music School in 1912. The leader of the band was Fukutarō Hatano who went on to become a songwriter. Although some described it as the first Japanese jazz band, Hatano himself stated that he had "never had much to do with jazz". Hatano (cornet and violin) co-founded the band with a cellist, banjoist, accordionist and drummer, and it played aboard the trans-Pacific ship, the Chiyo Maru. On stopovers in San Francisco, the musicians were exposed to different forms of music, which they took back to Japan. "Within five years the Hatano orchestra had 12 members, mostly string players." Hatano recalled the dance music they played in Japan in 1921: "we played fox trot, one-step, and two-step scores, which I'd bought in America, as they were. Nobody knew anything about ad-libbing yet".

Tokyo University of the Arts
Tokyo University of the Arts (東京藝術大学, Tōkyō Geijutsu Daigaku) or Tokyogeidai (東京芸大) is a school of art and music in Japan. Located in Ueno Park, it also has facilities in Toride, Ibaraki, Yokohama, Kanagawa, and Adachi, Tokyo. The university has trained artists in the fields of painting, sculpture, crafts, inter-media, sound, music composition, traditional instruments, art curation and global arts.
UGC 8335
UGC 8335 (Arp 238) is a pair of strongly interacting spiral galaxies. They have been distorted by extreme tidal forces, creating prominent tidal tails and a bridge of gas and stars between the galaxies.

UGC 8335 is about 400 million light-years from Earth, in the constellation Ursa Major. It is the 238th object in Halton Arp's Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies.

Halton Arp
Halton Christian "Chip" Arp  (March 21, 1927 – December 28, 2013) was an American astronomer.  He is remembered for his 1966 book Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies, which catalogued unusual-looking galaxies and presented their images.

Arp was also known as a critic of the Big Bang theory and for advocating a non-standard cosmology incorporating intrinsic redshift. Arp developed those views in a book, Seeing Red: Redshift, Cosmology and Academic Science, in 1998.
Imperial Manila
"Imperial Manila" (Filipino: Maynilang Imperyal, Cebuano: Imperyal nga Manila) is a pejorative epithet used by sectors of Filipino society, particularly outside Metro Manila, to express the idea that all the affairs of the Philippines—whether in politics, economy and business or culture—are decided by what goes on in the capital region of Metro Manila, without considering the needs of the rest of the country, largely because of centralized government and urbanite snobbery. Empirical research finds that the "Imperial Manila" concept and its persistence over time has led to prolonged underdevelopment in Philippine provinces.

This sentiment is sometimes expressed by the proverb "Not a leaf can fall in our country without Malacañang's permission." Another expression of Manila's powerful influence was voiced by National Artist of the Philippines Nick Joaquin, who said, "When Manila sneezes, the Philippines catches cold."

Snob
Snob is a pejorative term for a person who feels superior due to their social class, education level, or social status in general; it is sometimes used especially when they pretend to belong to these classes. The word snobbery came into use for the first time in England during the 1820s.
Amitraz
Amitraz (development code BTS27419) is a non-systemic acaricide and insecticide and has also been described as a scabicide. It was first synthesized by  the Boots Co. in England in 1969. Amitraz has been found to have an insect repellent effect, works as an insecticide and also as a pesticide synergist. Its effectiveness is traced back on alpha-adrenergic agonist activity, interaction with octopamine receptors of the central nervous system and inhibition of  monoamine oxidases and prostaglandin synthesis.  Therefore, it leads to overexcitation and consequently paralysis and death in insects. Because amitraz is less harmful to mammals, amitraz is among many other purposes best known as insecticide against mite- or tick-infestation of dogs. It is also widely used in the beekeeping industry as a control for the Varroa destructor mite, although there are reports of resistance.

Biotransformation
Biotransformation is the biochemical modification of one chemical compound or a mixture of chemical compounds. Biotransformations can be conducted with whole cells, their lysates, or purified enzymes.  Increasingly, biotransformations are effected with purified enzymes.  Major industries and life-saving technologies depend on biotransformations.
Dewey Avenue–West Rosine Historic District
Dewey Avenue–West Rosine Historic District is a national historic district located at St. Joseph, Missouri. The district encompasses 37 contributing buildings and 1 contributing site in a predominantly residential section of St. Joseph. It developed between about 1880 and 1930, and includes representative examples of Italianate, Second Empire, Queen Anne, Colonial Revival, Tudor Revival, and American Craftsman style architecture. Notable buildings include the Marshall B. Stroud House (1890), John and Frank Whitman House (1890), Johanna Johnson House (1908), Frank Lacy House (1900), and a number of speculative houses built by Charles H. Nowland.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.

Second Empire style
Second Empire style, also known as the Napoleon III style or Haussmann style, is a highly eclectic style of architecture and decorative arts originating in the Second French Empire. It was characterized by elements of many different historical styles, and also made innovative use of modern materials, such as iron frameworks and glass skylights. It flourished during the reign of Emperor Napoleon III (1852–1870) and had an important influence on architecture and decoration in the rest of Europe and North America. Major examples of the style include the Opéra Garnier (1862–1871) in Paris by Charles Garnier, the Institut National d'Histoire de l'Art, the Church of Saint Augustine (1860–1871), and the Philadelphia City Hall (1871–1901). The architectural style was closely connected with Haussmann's renovation of Paris carried out during the Second Empire; the new buildings, such as the Opéra, were intended as the focal points of the new boulevards.
Aman Khujeh
Aman Khujeh (Persian: امان خوجه, also Romanized as Amān Khūjeh and Amān Khvojeh; also known as Amān Khājeh) is a village in Kongor Rural District, in the Central District of Kalaleh County, Golestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 400, in 87 families.

Golestan province
Golestan province is one of the 31 provinces of Iran, located in the northeast of the country and southeast of the Caspian Sea. Its capital is the city of Gorgan, formerly called Esterabad until 1937. Golestan was split off from Mazandaran Province in 1997.

Golestan province borders Turkmenistan to the north. One of the key border points between the two countries is Incheh Borun, which serves as a vital crossing point.

The province was made a part of Region 1 upon the division of the provinces into 5 regions, solely for coordination and development purposes, on 22 June 2014. The majority of its population are Shia Muslims.
Mexican Federal Highway 63
Federal Highway 63 (Carretera Federal 63) (Fed. 63) is a toll-free part of the federal highway corridors (los corredores carreteros federales) of Mexico. The highway connects the cities of Matehuala, San Luis Potosí and Mexquitic, San Luis Potosí.

Matehuala
Matehuala is a city in the Mexican state of San Luis Potosí, situated at an elevation of about 1,500 m. Matehuala is also the municipal seat of the municipality of the same name, located in the northern part of the state, on the border with the southwestern corner of Nuevo León. The municipality of Matehuala has a population of 102,199 and an area of 1,302 km2 (503 sq mi).
ALCO T-6
The Alco T6 (DL 440) is a diesel-electric switcher locomotive rated at 1,000 horsepower (750 kW), that rides on two-axle trucks, having a B-B wheel arrangement.

The 'T' stands for 'Transfer', meaning this locomotive is capable of faster transition and higher sustained speeds than the regular 'S' - type yard switcher series.  A major difference underlying this shift is the use of the heavier GE 752 traction motors, as used on road locomotives, in place of the GE 731 traction motors used on nearly all Alco's preceding switchers.  The 752 motors give the T-6 a very substantial increase in continuous tractive effort, which greatly improved its slow-speed lugging performance.

The T-6 was the last series of locomotives built by Alco. The last T-6 built in 1969, the same year that the company had left the locomotive business. This last locomotive is Newburgh and South Shore #1017 which survives today in operation on the West Michigan Railroad.

Bogie
A bogie (/ˈboʊɡi/ BOH-ghee) (or truck in North American English) comprises two or more wheelsets (two wheels on an axle), in a frame, attached under a vehicle by a pivot. Bogies take various forms in various modes of transport. A bogie may remain normally attached (as on many railroad cars and semi-trailers) or be quickly detachable (as for a dolly in a road train or in railway bogie exchange). It may include suspension components within it (as most rail and trucking bogies do), or be solid and in turn be suspended (as are most bogies of tracked vehicles). It may be mounted on a swivel, as traditionally on a railway carriage or locomotive, additionally jointed and sprung (as in the landing gear of an airliner), or held in place by other means (centreless bogies).

Although bogie is the preferred spelling and first-listed variant in various dictionaries, bogey and bogy are also used.
The Bloody Chamber (short story)
"The Bloody Chamber" is a historical short story published in 1979. It was written by English author Angela Carter. The tale is a retelling of the story of Bluebeard, and includes themes relating to the objectification of women, flawed power dynamics, and sexuality. This eponymous short story was originally published in a collection titled The Bloody Chamber, which deconstructed common fairy tales for a more modern and adult audience, resulting in both criticism and critical acclaim.

Objectification
In social philosophy, objectification is the act of treating a person as an object or a thing.  Sexual objectification, the act of treating a person as a mere object of sexual desire, is a subset of objectification, as is self-objectification, the objectification of one's self. In Marxism, the objectification of social relationships is discussed as "reification".
Mabel Collins
Minna Mabel Collins (9 September 1851 – 31 March 1927) was a British anti-vivisectionist, occultist and author of over 46 books. She was an important figure in the Theosophical Society during the latter part of the nineteenth century but became critical of Helena Blavatsky and Theosophy after being expelled from the Society.

Vivisection
Vivisection (from Latin  vivus 'alive' and  sectio 'cutting') is surgery conducted for experimental purposes on a living organism, typically animals with a central nervous system, to view living internal structure. The word is, more broadly, used as a pejorative catch-all term for experimentation on live animals by organizations opposed to animal experimentation, but the term is rarely used by practicing scientists. Human vivisection, such as live organ harvesting, has been perpetrated as a form of torture.