hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nonviolent extremism
Nonviolent extremism is the expression of extremist ideas through nonviolent means, without the use of terrorism or political violence. It can be contrasted with violent extremism. Nonviolent extremism manifests from the same ideologies as violent extremism, including right wing extremism, left wing extremism, and religious extremism. Much of the study of nonviolent extremism focuses on its potential to produce or incite violent extremism.

Far-left politics
Far-left politics are politics further to the left on the political spectrum than the standard political left. In certain instances, far-left has been associated with various forms of authoritarianism, anarchism, communism, and Marxism, or are characterised as groups that advocate for revolutionary socialism and related communist ideologies, or anti-capitalism and anti-globalisation. Far-left terrorism consists of extremist, militant, or insurgent groups that attempt to realise their ideals through political violence rather than using democratic processes.
Jamal Abu Hamdan
Jamal Abu Hamdan (1944–2015) was a Jordanian writer. He was born into a Druze family in the southern Syrian province of As-Suwayda. He was educated in Amman, Cairo and Beirut, completing a law degree from Beirut Arab University in 1966.

Abu Hamdan is best known in the Arab world for his short stories and plays which have been performed widely. He was also known for his acclaimed dramatizations of several TV series broadcast on Arab-language television. His work has appeared in English translation in Granta magazine and a couple of anthologies.

He died in Fayetteville, Arkansas in April 2015.

Granta
Granta is a literary magazine and publisher in the United Kingdom whose mission centres on its "belief in the power and urgency of the story, both in fiction and non-fiction, and the story's supreme ability to describe, illuminate and make real." In 2007, The Observer stated: "In its blend of memoirs and photojournalism, and in its championing of contemporary realist fiction, Granta has its face pressed firmly against the window, determined to witness the world."

Granta has published twenty-seven laureates of the Nobel Prize in Literature. Literature published by Granta has regularly won such prizes as the Forward Prize, T. S. Eliot Prize, Pushcart Prize and more.
Staggers (surname)
Staggers is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Harley Orrin Staggers (1907–1991), politician from the U.S. state of West Virginia and namesake of the Staggers Rail Act of 1980

Harley O. Staggers, Jr. (born 1951), politician from the U.S. state of West Virginia

Jon Staggers (born 1948), American football player

Kermit Staggers (1947–2019), American politicians

Margaret Anne Staggers (1945–2026), politician from the U.S. state of West Virginia

Noelle Staggers, contestant on America's Next Top Model, Cycle 4, TV series

Margaret Anne Staggers
Margaret Anne Staggers (January 12, 1945 – January 1, 2026) was an American politician who was a Democratic member of the West Virginia House of Delegates and served as an Assistant Majority Whip. Staggers was an emergency physician.
Dick O'Connor (rugby league)
Richard Gregory O'Connor (1916–1958) was an Australian rugby league footballer who played in the 1930s. He later became an administrator.

Dick O'Connor was a local junior that was graded by St. George Dragons in 1936. He was a mainstay in the Reserve Grade teams of that era, and was a member of the 1938 St. George Dragons Reserve Grade team that won the club's first ever premiership on the 10 September 1939 at Sydney Sports Ground.

Dick O'Connor played a number of first grade games before retiring as a player. Dick O'Connor, a very staunch St. George man, then joined the administration of the club in an honorary capacity and stayed with the club until his sudden death.

At the time of his death, Dick O'Connor was the Club Secretary of the Reserve Grade team, and was also a Director of St. George Leagues Club. His death was widely mourned throughout the local community and the NSWRFL.

Dick O'Connor died in Bexley, New South Wales on 26 February 1958, aged 41.

Bexley, New South Wales
Bexley is a suburb in southern Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Bexley is located 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) south-west of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of the Bayside Council and is part of the St George area.
2004 Indian general election in Andhra Pradesh
In United Andhra Pradesh, the general elections and state assembly elections were held simultaneously. In both, the ruling Telugu Desam Party-Bharatiya Janata Party (TDP-BJP) combine was routed. BJP could not win a single seat. The result was a landslide victory for the United Progressive Alliance which won 34 out of 42 seats, which reflects the state elections that occurred before the general elections, where National Democratic Alliance (NDA) member, TDP, was defeated soundly by Y.S. Rajasekhara Reddy and the Indian National Congress. Alliance with CPM and CPI helped the Congress party. Congress had contested in alliance with the communist parties and the TRS.

Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy
Yeduguri Sandinti Rajasekhara Reddy (8 July 1949 – 2 September 2009), popularly known as YSR, was an Indian politician. He served as the 14th chief minister of Andhra Pradesh from 2004 to 2009. Reddy was elected (1989, 1991, 1996 and 1998) four terms to the Lok Sabha from Kadapa. He was also elected (1978, 1983, 1985, 1999, 2004 and 2009) six terms to the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly from Pulivendula. Over the course of his career, he won every election that he contested, either to Assembly or Lok Sabha.

On 2 September 2009, a helicopter carrying Reddy went missing in the Nallamala Forest area. It was later confirmed to have crashed with all five people including Reddy pronounced dead.
Gajek, Greater Poland Voivodeship
Gajek [ˈɡajɛk] (German: Drei Linden) is a former settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Złotów, within Złotów County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.

For centuries, the area was part of the Kingdom of Poland and the Greater Poland region (often called the "cradle of Poland"), which beginning in the 10th-century formed the heart of the early Polish state. During the Partitions of Poland beginning in 1772, the area was annexed by Prussia. From 1871 to 1945 the area was part of Germany. In 1945, it rejoined Poland.

Piast dynasty
The House of Piast was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland. The first documented Polish monarch was Duke Mieszko I (c. 960–992). The Piasts' royal rule in Poland ended in 1370 with the death of King Casimir III the Great.

Branches of the Piast dynasty continued to rule in the Duchy of Masovia (until 1526) and in the Duchies of Silesia until the last male Silesian Piast died in 1675. The Piasts intermarried with several noble lines of Europe, and possessed numerous titles, some within the Holy Roman Empire. The Jagiellonian kings ruling after the death of Casimir IV of Poland were also descended in the female line from Casimir III's daughter.
Étienne Delessert (illustrator)
Étienne Delessert (4 January 1941 in Lausanne – 21 April 2024 in Lakeville) was a Swiss self-taught graphic artist and illustrator. He is largely known for his animated series Yok-Yok and his collaboration with Eugène Ionesco, on Stories "1" and "2", as well as his work with child psychologist Jean Piaget.

His work focused on expanding the child's mind through the use of strange stories often designed to make children ask questions. He considered himself first and foremost a story teller. His creative process involved mostly digital media in combination with hand sketching.

For his lasting contribution as a children's illustrator, Delessert was a finalist for the biennial, international Hans Christian Andersen Award in both 2006 and 2010.

Delessert died from cancer on 21 April 2024, at the age of 83.

Hans Christian Andersen Award
The Hans Christian Andersen Awards are two literary awards given by the International Board on Books for Young People (IBBY), recognising one living author and one living illustrator for their "lasting contribution to children's literature". The writing award was first given in 1956, the illustration award in 1966. The former is sometimes called the "Nobel Prize for children's literature".

The awards are named after Hans Christian Andersen, a 19th-century Danish author of fairy tales, and each winner receives the Hans Christian Andersen Medaille (a gold medal with the bust of Andersen) and a diploma. Medals are presented at the biennial IBBY Congress.
3D4
In mathematics, the Steinberg triality groups of type 3D4 form a family of Steinberg or twisted Chevalley groups. They are quasi-split forms of D4, depending on a cubic Galois extension of fields K ⊂ L, and using the triality automorphism of the Dynkin diagram D4. Unfortunately the notation for the group is not standardized, as some authors write it as 3D4(K) (thinking of 3D4 as an algebraic group taking values in K) and some as 3D4(L) (thinking of the group as a subgroup of D4(L) fixed by an outer automorphism of order 3). The group 3D4 is very similar to an orthogonal or spin group in dimension 8.

Over finite fields these groups form one of the 18 infinite families of finite simple groups, and were introduced  by  Steinberg (1959). They were independently discovered by Jacques Tits in Tits (1958) and Tits (1959).

Jacques Tits
Jacques Tits (French: [ʒak tits]) (12 August 1930 – 5 December 2021) was a Belgian-born French mathematician who worked on group theory and incidence geometry. He introduced Tits buildings, the Tits alternative, the Tits group, and the Tits metric.
Paul Nash (Jamaican swimmer)
Paul Nash (born 10 July 1943) is a Jamaican former swimmer who competed at the 1966 and 1970 Commonwealth Games as well as the 1968 Olympics. He has also represented his country at water-polo. He was named Jamaica Sportsperson of the year in 1969. He is the father of West Indian cricketer Brendan Nash.

Jamaican Sportsperson of the Year
The Jamaican Sportsman and Sportswoman of the Year is an annual election, organised by the RJR Sports Foundation, which honours outstanding achievement(s) in sport by Jamaican athletes during the previous year.
Mhadei Wildlife Sanctuary
The Mhadei Wildlife Sanctuary is a 208.5-km2 (80.5-mi2) protected area in the Indian state of Goa in the Western Ghats of South India. It is located in the North Goa District, Sattari taluka near the town of Valpoi. The sanctuary is an area of high biodiversity, and is being considered to become a Project Tiger tiger reserve because of the presence of Bengal tigers.

Valpoi
Valpoi or Valpoy (Vallpoi, pronounced [waːɭpɔj]) is a city and a municipal council in North Goa district in the Indian state of Goa.  It is the headquarters of the Sattari Taluk. The Western Ghats are to the east of the town.
Sokol Shameti
Sokol Shameti, (born 29 April 1978) is an Albanian columnist, writer and journalist. Much of his interest is concerned with Politics of Albania, political philosophy and the late modern and contemporary history of the Balkans. His work is concerned with the social and political debate in Albania and Kosovo. He is often mentioned among the left activists in Albania.
Sokol Shameti has collaborated with a number of newspapers and broadcasting operators in Albania and abroad including Gazeta Shqiptare, Koha Jonë, Korrieri, Klan Television, Top Channel, Institute for War and Peace Reporting, La Gazzetta del Mezzogiorno, Courrier International, Koha Ditore, etc.

Courrier International
Courrier International (French pronunciation: [kuʁje ɛ̃tɛʁnɑsjɔnal]; lit. 'International Mail') is a Paris-based French weekly newspaper which translates and publishes excerpts of articles from over 900 international newspapers. It also has a Portuguese and a Japanese edition. Courrier Japon was launched on 17 November 2005 and is published by Kodansha Limited.

Its headquarters is located in Paris.
Abyek
Abyek (Persian: آبیک) is a city in the Central District of Abyek County, Qazvin province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district. Abyek lies roughly halfway between Qazvin to the northwest and Karaj to the southeast. It has a major cement factory, which is responsible for air pollution in the area.

Karaj
Karaj (Persian: کرج; pronounced [kæˈɾædʒ] ⓘ) is a city in the Central District of Karaj County, Alborz province, Iran, serving as capital  of the province, the county, and the district. Earliest evidence of inhabitation in Karaj can be dated to the Bronze Age at Tepe Khurvin. The city was developed under the rule of the Safavid and Qajar Empire and is home to historical buildings and memorials from those eras. This city has a unique climate due to access to natural resources such as many trees, rivers, and green plains. After Tehran, Karaj is the largest immigrant-friendly city in Iran, so it has been nicknamed "Little Iran."

Although the county hosts a population around 1.97 million, as recorded in the 2016 census, most of the 1,419 km2 (548 sq mi) county is rugged mountain. The urban area is the fourth-largest in Iran, after Tehran, Mashhad, and Isfahan. Eshtehard County and Fardis County were split off from Karaj County since the previous census.
Capsicum eximium
Capsicum eximium is a member of the genus Capsicum, and native to the New World, specifically the Andean region of South America. It is one of the "purple-flowered" Capsicums along with Capsicum cardenasii and Capsicum pubescens. Like most other chili peppers, it is both pungent and self-compatible. It is a member of the Pubescens complex, a natural group of highly related Capsicums. Natural hybrids between C. pubescens as well as C. tovarii have been found, further supporting the relationship of these species.

Self-incompatibility
Self-incompatibility (SI) is a general name for any genetic mechanism that prevents self-fertilization in fertile hermaphroditic organisms, and thus encourages outcrossing and allogamy. It is contrasted with separation of sexes among individuals (dioecy), and their various modes of spatial (herkogamy) and temporal (dichogamy) separation.

SI is best-studied and particularly common in flowering plants, although it is present in other groups, including sea squirts and fungi. In plants with SI, when a pollen grain produced in a plant reaches a stigma of the same plant or another plant with a matching allele or genotype, the process of pollen germination, pollen-tube growth, ovule fertilization, or embryo development is inhibited, and consequently no seeds are produced. SI is one of the most important means of preventing inbreeding and promoting the generation of new genotypes in plants and it is considered one of the causes of the spread and success of angiosperms on Earth.
Chinnamasta Bhagawati Temple
Chinnamasta Bhagawati also called Shakhada Bhagawati and Shakhadeswori (Nepali: छिन्नमस्ता भगवती) is a temple and Shakti Peetha in Eastern Nepal. It was established in the 13th century by Shaktisimhadeva, the fifth ruler of the Karnata dynasty. The temple is in Chhinnamasta Rural Municipality, Saptari, 10 km from Rajbiraj near the Indian border. It is the oldest and most revered religious site in the Saptari district
and draws thousands of devotees from Nepal and India during Bada Dashain and other festivals to worship the Hindu goddess Bhagawati.

Chhinnamasta Rural Municipality
Chhinnamasta is a village development committee in Saptari District in the Sagarmatha Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 2011 Nepal census it had a population of 10,136 people living in 1,916 individual households.

The goddess Chhinnamasta is popular throughout Nepal and part of India. From the capital of Nepal it is in 482 km east. From Rajbiraj it is in 10 km south.
William Rounsevell
William Rounsevell (c. 1816 – 5 October 1874) was a businessman of Cornish origins who founded a livery stable and mail coach business in the early years of colonial South Australia. His sons John Rounsevell (c.1836–1902) and Ben Rounsevell (1842–1923) were prominent businessmen, pastoralists and politicians in South Australia.

Livery yard
A livery yard,  livery stable or boarding stable, is a stable where horse owners pay a weekly or monthly fee to keep their horses. A livery or boarding yard is not usually a riding school and the horses are not normally for hire (unless on working livery - see below). Facilities at a livery yard normally include a loose box or stable and access for the horse to graze on grass.
Beckmann
Beckmann is a German surname.  Notable people with the surname include:

Astrid Beckmann (born 1957), German physicist

Ernst Otto Beckmann (1853–1923), German chemist and discoverer of the Beckmann rearrangement

Friedrich Beckmann (1803–1866), German actor

Johann Beckmann (1739–1811), German scientific author

Juan Domingo Beckmann (born 1967), Mexican businessman

Juan Beckmann Vidal (born 1940), Mexican businessman

Klaus Beckmann (1944–1994), German politician

Ludwig Beckmann (died 20 January 1965), German First World War flying ace

Matthias Beckmann (born 1984), German jazz musician

Max Beckmann (1884–1950), German painter

Petr Beckmann (1924–1993), Czech-American dissident physicist

Reinhold Beckmann (born 1956), German journalist and TV presenter

Rudolf Beckmann (1910–1943), German Nazi SS-Oberscharführer

Josef Beckmann (1920–2001), World War II German lieutenant

Ludwig Beckmann
Ludwig "Lutz" Beckmann (26 October 1895 – 20 January 1965) was a German Luftstreitkräfte ace during World War I and a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross during World War II. Ludwig Beckmann claimed eight aerial victories during World War I all on the Western Front.

Beckmann joined Jagdstaffel 6 in December 1917. On 21 February 1918, he transferred to Jagdstaffel 48. He transferred once again, to Jagdstaffel 56, on 11 March 1918. Two days later, he scored his first aerial victory. He would score eight confirmed victories before war's end.

Beckmann commanded a special transport unit, IV/TG1, during World War II. He flew over 200 air bridge sorties into besieged Demjansk, Russia with this unit. He also commanded a Junkers Ju 52 unit, KGr zbV 500.
El Enemy de los Guasíbiri
El Enemy de los Guasíbiri is the first compilation album by Tego Calderón. The album is considered to be an important factor to reggaeton's mainstream exposure in 2004 alongside Daddy Yankee's Barrio Fino and Ivy Queen's Diva. The title of the album is taken from a line in his 2003 song “Pa' que retozen. This production contains "Guasa Guasa Remix" with Voltio; one of the best 'tiraeras' from the history of reggaeton, for the Lito & Polaco and Pina Records. The album sold over 200,000 units in Puerto Rico and United States.

Pina Records
Pina Records is a Puerto Rico-based record label founded by music producer Rafael "Raphy" Antonio Pina Nieves in 1996. Pina Records is one of the longest-running reggaetón record labels; in 2026, the label will celebrate its 30-year anniversary. One of the genre’s most successful labels, Pina Records' biggest artists include the likes of Daddy Yankee, Natti Natasha, Plan B and R.K.M & Ken-Y.
Synodontis lufirae
Synodontis lufirae is a species of upside-down catfish that is endemic to the Democratic Republic of the Congo where it occurs in the Lufira River drainage.  It was first described by  Max Poll  in 1971.  The original specimens were obtained in the Lufira River, in the Congo River Basin.  The species name lufirae is named for the river in which the species is found.

Max Poll
Max Fernand Leon Poll (21 July 1908 in Ruisbroek – 13 March 1991 in Uccle) was a Belgian ichthyologist who specialised in the Cichlidae. In the years 1946 and 1947 he organised an expedition to Lake Tanganyika.

He has described several species of Pseudocrenilabrinae, such as Lamprologus signatus, Steatocranus casuarius, Neolamprologus brichardi, and Neolamprologus pulcher.

He was a member of The Royal Academies for Science and the Arts of Belgium, professor at the Université libre de Bruxelles, and conservator at the Royal Museum of the Belgian Congo in Tervuren.
He was an honorary member of the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists.
Manuel Luís Osório, Marquis of Erval
Manuel Luís Osório, Marquis of Erval (May 10, 1808 – October 4, 1879) was a Brazilian military officer, monarchist and politician. A member of the Imperial Army at the age of fifteen, he climbed all the posts of the military hierarchy of his time thanks to the soldier attributes that consecrated him as "the Legendary". He participated in the main military events of the late nineteenth century in the Río de la Plata region and is considered a hero of the Paraguayan War. He was declared patron of the Cavalry Branch of the Brazilian Army in 1962.

Río de la Plata Basin
The Río de la Plata basin (Spanish: Cuenca del Plata, Portuguese: Bacia do Prata), more often called the River Plate basin in scholarly writings, sometimes called the Platine basin or Platine region, is the 3,170,000-square-kilometre (1,220,000 sq mi) hydrographical area in South America that drains to the Río de la Plata. It includes areas of southeastern Bolivia, southern and central Brazil, the entire country of Paraguay, most of Uruguay, and northern Argentina. Making up about one fourth of the continent's surface, it is the second largest drainage basin in South America (after the Amazon basin) and one of the largest in the world.

The main rivers of the La Plata basin are the Paraná River, the Paraguay River (the Paraná's main tributary), and the Uruguay River.
Ironside, Oregon
Ironside is an unincorporated community in Malheur County, Oregon, United States. The community is 46 miles (74 km) northwest of Vale along U.S. Route 26. Ironside has a post office with ZIP Code 97908.

U.S. Route 26 in Oregon
U.S. Route 26 (US 26) is a major cross-state United States Numbered Highway with its western terminus in the U.S. state of Oregon, connecting US 101 on the Oregon Coast near Seaside with the Idaho state line east of Nyssa. Local highway names include the Sunset Highway No. 47, Mount Hood Highway No. 26, and John Day Highway No. 5 before continuing into Idaho and beyond.
Bradfield Canal
Bradfield Canal is an inlet in Southeast Alaska, United States. It extends 30 kilometres (19 mi) west from the mouth of the Bradfield River to Ernest Sound at Point Warde. It was first charted in 1793 by James Johnstone, one of George Vancouver's officers during his 1791–95 expedition. Vancouver later named it "Bradfield Channel".

Southeast Alaska
57°34′48″N 135°29′14″W﻿ / ﻿57.58000°N 135.48722°W﻿ / 57.58000; -135.48722

Southeast Alaska, often abbreviated to southeast or southeastern, and sometimes called the Alaska(n) panhandle, is the southeastern portion of the U.S. state of Alaska, bordered to the east and north by the northern half of the Canadian province of British Columbia (and a small part of Yukon). The majority of southeast Alaska is situated in Tlingit Aaní, much of which is part of the Tongass National Forest, the United States' largest national forest. In many places, the international border runs along the crest of the Boundary Ranges of the Coast Mountains (see Alaska boundary dispute). The region is noted for its scenery and mild, rainy climate.

The largest cities in the region are Juneau, Sitka, and Ketchikan. This region is also home to Hyder, the easternmost town in Alaska.