hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Léon Richet
Léon Richet (15 April 1843 – 28 March 1907) was a French landscape painter. He was born in Solesmes, Nord. He studied art in Valenciennes and became a high school teacher there in 1879. He became associated with the Barbizon school and did several paintings with Narcisse Virgilio Díaz. His artwork was exhibited at the Société des Artistes Français from 1880 to 1906.

Valenciennes
Valenciennes (/ˌvælɒ̃ˈsjɛn/, also UK: /ˌvælənsiˈɛn/, US: /-nz, vəˌlɛnsiˈɛn(z)/, French: [valɑ̃sjɛn] ⓘ; also Dutch: Valencijn; Picard: Valincyinnes or Valinciennes; Latin: Valentianae) is a commune in the Nord department, Hauts-de-France, France.

It lies on the Scheldt (French: Escaut) river. Although the city and region experienced a steady population decline between 1975 and 1990, it has since rebounded.
Eight dimensions of quality
Eight dimensions of quality were delineated by David A. Garvin, formerly C. Roland Christensen Professor of Business Administration at Harvard Business School, in a 1987 Harvard Business Review article. Garvin's dimensions were collated to reflect his observation that "few companies ... have learned to compete on quality".

Garvin anticipated that the features of quality which he delineated would provide a business management vocabulary intended to support the use of quality as a strategic planning tool. Garvin, who died on 30 April 2017, was posthumously honored with the prestigious award for 'Outstanding Contribution to the Case Method' on 4 March 2018. The features of quality which he identified have become "a widely accepted taxonomy for discussions of product quality".

Case method
The case method is a teaching approach that uses decision-forcing cases to put students in the role of people who were faced with difficult decisions at some point in the past. It developed during the course of the twentieth-century from its origins in the casebook method of teaching law pioneered by Harvard legal scholar Christopher C. Langdell. In sharp contrast to many other teaching methods, the case method requires that instructors refrain from providing their own opinions about the decisions in question.  Rather, the chief task of instructors who use the case method is asking students to devise, describe, and defend solutions to the problems presented by each case.
2003 World Taekwondo Championships
The 2003 World Taekwondo Championships are the 16th edition of the World Taekwondo Championships, and were held in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany from September 24 to September 28, 2003. A total of 830 athletes, 502 males and 328 females, from 100 nations took part in the championships.

Garmisch-Partenkirchen
Garmisch-Partenkirchen (German pronunciation: [ˈɡaʁmɪʃ paʁtn̩ˈkɪʁçn̩] ⓘ; Bavarian: Garmasch-Partakurch) is an Alpine ski town in Bavaria, southern Germany. It is the seat of government of the district of Garmisch-Partenkirchen (abbreviated GAP), in the Oberbayern region, which borders Austria. Nearby is Germany's highest mountain, Zugspitze, at 2,962 metres (9,718 ft) above sea level.

The town is known as the site of the 1936 Winter Olympic Games, the first to include alpine skiing, and hosts a variety of winter sports competitions.
Cluneal nerves
The cluneal nerves (or clunial nerves) are cutaneous nerves of the buttocks. They are often classified according to where on the buttocks they innervate. Specifically, the nerves are as follows:

Superior cluneal nerves

Medial cluneal nerves

Inferior cluneal nerves

Inferior cluneal nerves
The inferior clunial nerves (also gluteal branches of posterior femoral cutaneous nerve) are branches of the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh that innervate the skin of the lower part of the buttocks. They pass inferior to the inferior border of the gluteus maximus muscle.
Grey College Boat Club
Grey College Boat Club (GCBC) is the rowing club of Grey College at Durham University in North East England.

The club has over 70 active members and shares its boathouse with Josephine Butler College Boat Club.
The club competes at a national, regional and college level.

GCBC is a registered Boat Club through British Rowing, with Boat Code "GRC" and is a member organisation of Durham College Rowing.

Josephine Butler College, Durham
Josephine Butler College is a constituent college of Durham University. The college was opened in 2006. It is named after Josephine Elizabeth Butler, a 19th-century feminist and social reformer who had a significant role in improving women's public health and education in England. Butler's father was the cousin of the 2nd Earl Grey, after whom Grey College, Durham is named.

The college is a fully self-catered college of the university, and, unique in comparison to other Durham colleges, all rooms are en-suite. It is one of the university's first fully self-catered constituent colleges in Durham. The college also has extensive leisure facilities including a library, study spaces, sports hall, outdoor tennis court and music room. It is located within the Howlands Farm site along South Road, next to Stephenson College, Durham.
1965 NCAA University Division outdoor track and field championships
The 1965 NCAA University Division Outdoor Track and Field Championships were contested June 17−19 at the 43rd annual NCAA-sanctioned track meet to determine the individual and team national champions of men's collegiate University Division outdoor track and field events in the United States.

For the first time, the NCAA hosted a separate championship just for indoor track and field events. The inaugural event was contested at Cobo Arena in Detroit, Michigan and won by Missouri. Unlike the outdoor event in June, the indoor championship was contested during the NCAA's winter sports season.

This year's outdoor meet was hosted by the University of California at Edwards Stadium in Berkeley.

Oregon and USC finished tied in the team standings and were declared co-national champions; it was the Ducks' third title and the Trojans' twenty-third.

Edwards Stadium
Edwards Stadium (also referred to as Edwards Field) is the track and field and soccer venue for the California Golden Bears, the athletic teams of the University of California, Berkeley. It has been a Berkeley Landmark (no. 177) since November 2, 1992, under the name "Edwards Stadium and Field".
Acanthophorus
Acanthophorus is a genus of prionine longhorn beetles from the Indian subcontinent. It is monotypic, being represented by the single species Acanthophorus serraticornis. Other species that were formerly included in the genus are now placed in other genera.

Growing to nearly 10 cm (4 in) long, they are among the largest beetles of India. These beetles are reddish to brownish. The mandibles vary in size with some males having much larger mandibles than the females. These bear two to three strong teeth from midway to the tip. The antennae are twelve segmented with the fifth to the eleventh having a spiny outgrowth at the tip.

Mandible (insect mouthpart)
Insect mandibles are a pair of appendages near the insect's mouth, and the most anterior of the three pairs of oral appendages (the labrum is more anterior, but is a single fused structure). Their function is typically to grasp, crush, or cut the insect's food, or to defend against predators or rivals. Insect mandibles, which appear to be evolutionarily derived from legs, move in the horizontal plane unlike those of vertebrates, which appear to be derived from gill arches and move vertically.
Blue Hill Bay
44°15′N 68°27′W﻿ / ﻿44.25°N 68.45°W﻿ / 44.25; -68.45

Blue Hill Bay is a bay lying to the west of Mount Desert Island in Hancock County, Maine, United States. Approximately 14 mi (23 km) long, its southern boundaries are set by Swan's Island and Placentia Island at its entrance; the town of Blue Hill lies at the far end. Morgan Bay, Union River Bay, and Western Bay empty into it. Long Island in the north of the bay is the largest uninhabited island in Maine.

Due to its protected waters, Blue Hill Bay is popular with recreational boaters. In addition to crab, lobster, and other fisheries, aquaculture of salmon and mussels is practiced in the bay. The shores of the bay are an important breeding ground for harbor seals.

Blue Hill, Maine
Blue Hill is a town in Hancock County, Maine, United States, located on Blue Hill Bay. The population was 2,792 at the 2020 census. It is home to the Blue Hill Public Library, Blue Hill Memorial Hospital, George Stevens Academy, the Blue Hill Harbor School, The Bay School, New Surry Theatre, Kneisel Hall, Bagaduce Music Lending Library, Seaside Cemetery, the Kollegewidgwok Yacht Club, the Shaw Institute, and the Blue Hill Country Club. The town also hosts the annual Blue Hill Fair.
1991 Fernleaf Butter Classic – Doubles
Natalia Medvedeva and Leila Meskhi were the defending champions, but Medvedeva did not compete this year. Meskhi teamed up with Anne Minter and lost in the first round to Donna Faber and Ginger Helgeson.

Jo-Anne Faull and Julie Richardson won the title by defeating Belinda Borneo and Clare Wood 2–6, 7–5, 7–6(7–4) in the final.

Jo-Anne Faull
Jo-Anne Faull (born 13 January 1971) is a former Australian tennis player, professionally active from late 1988 to January 1995.

In 1988, she was the world junior champion in women's doubles.

She achieved the best season of her career in 1989, entering the fourth round in two Grand Slam events, at Roland Garros and Wimbledon.

During her career, she won two doubles titles on the WTA Tour, the Wellington Classic in 1991, and the Taipei Championships in 1992.
Anna Maria Gherardi
Anna Maria Gherardi (15 October 1939 – 5 October 2014) was an Italian actress and voice actress.

Born in Bologna, Gherardi formed at the drama school of the Piccolo Teatro in Milan, and debuted on stage in 1960, in Adelchi alongside Vittorio Gassman.

She was later active in the avant-garde theatre, and worked with notable directors such as Luca Ronconi and Maurizio Scaparro. In films, she was often cast in character roles, and she worked with Bernardo Bertolucci, Franco Battiato and Pasquale Festa Campanile, among others. She was also active as a voice actress in documentaries and radio dramas, and in dubbing lines in foreign films.

Vittorio Gassman
Vittorio Gassman Knight Grand Cross OMRI (Italian pronunciation: [vitˈtɔːrjo ˈɡazman]; born Gassmann; 1 September 1922 – 29 June 2000), popularly known as Il Mattatore, was an Italian actor, director, and screenwriter.

He is considered one of the greatest Italian actors, whose career includes both important productions as well as dozens of divertissements.
Radio Club de Chile
The Radio Club de Chile (RCCH) is a national non-profit organization for amateur radio enthusiasts in Chile.  Key membership benefits of RCCH include the sponsorship of amateur radio operating awards and radio contests, and a QSL bureau for those members who regularly communicate with amateur radio operators in other countries. RCCH represents the interests of Chilean amateur radio operators before Chilean and international telecommunications regulatory authorities.  RCCH is the national member society representing Chile in the International Amateur Radio Union.

QSL card
A QSL card is a written confirmation of either a two-way radiocommunication between two amateur radio or citizens band stations; a one-way reception of a signal from an AM radio, FM radio, television or shortwave broadcasting station; or the reception of a two-way radiocommunication by a third party listener. A typical QSL card is the same size and made from the same material as a typical postcard, and most are sent through the mail as such.

QSL card derived its name from the Q code "QSL". A Q code message can stand for a statement or a question (when the code is followed by a question mark). In this case, 'QSL?' (note the question mark) means "Do you confirm receipt of my transmission?" while 'QSL' (without a question mark) means "I confirm receipt of your transmission."
Cataracts (canine)
Canine cataracts are a prevalent cause of visual loss in dogs, frequently resulting in blindness. Cataracts typically occur when proteins break down in the lens of a dog's eye and clump together, obstructing the passage of light. There are several reasons cataracts may occur in dogs, such as heredity, trauma, aging, diabetes, glaucoma, and progressive retinal atrophy.

Progressive retinal atrophy
Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) is a group of genetic diseases seen in certain breeds of dogs and, more rarely, cats.  Similar to retinitis pigmentosa in humans, it is characterized by the bilateral degeneration of the retina, causing progressive vision loss culminating in blindness.  The condition in nearly all breeds is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, with the exception of the Siberian Husky (inherited as an X chromosome linked trait) and the Bullmastiff (inherited as an autosomal dominant trait).  There is no treatment.
Beatrice Draffen
Beatrice Mary Ann Draffen (1865 – 13 July 1962)  (nee Beatrice Wood) was a British tennis player from Ackworth, West Riding of Yorkshire, England active from 1884 to 1897. She was a two time semi finalist in the women's singles at the 1895 Wimbledon Championships and 1896 Wimbledon Championships. She won 10 career singles titles.

1896 Wimbledon Championships – Women's singles
Alice Pickering defeated Edith Austin 4–6, 6–3, 6–3 in the All Comers' Final, but the reigning champion Charlotte Cooper defeated Simpson Pickering 6–2, 6–3 in the challenge round to win the ladies' singles tennis title at the 1896 Wimbledon Championships.
John Ellis (Australian politician)
John McDonald Ellis (8 December 1872 – 2 July 1945) was an Australian politician.

Ellis was born in Bendigo to miner Thomas Ellis and Isabella McLean. He lived in Melbourne from around 1887, running a contracting firm with his brother. On 29 November 1899 he married Alice Rose Saunders, with whom he had three children. From 1926 to 1945 he served on Prahran City Council, and he was mayor from 1930 to 1932 and from 1944 to 1945.

Ellis was elected to the Victorian Legislative Assembly in 1932 as the United Australia Party member for Prahran. He served until his death in East Melbourne on 2 July 1945.

City of Prahran
The City of Prahran was a local government area about 5 kilometres (3 mi) southeast of Melbourne, the state capital of Victoria, Australia. The city covered an area of 9.55 square kilometres (3.69 sq mi), and existed from 1855 until 1994, when it was merged with the City of Malvern to create the City of Stonnington.
Eberhardt Mansion
Eberhardt Mansion is a historic home located at Kenmore in Erie County, New York.  It is a locally distinctive example of the Neo-Romanesque style of architecture built in 1893 for Frederick Eberhardt, one of two brothers who originally developed Kenmore.  In 1916 the home was purchased by the Wheel Chair Home, Inc., and in 1981 was purchased by coin broker Jack Hunt.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

Erie County, New York
Erie County is a county along the shore of Lake Erie in the western region of the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 954,236. However, in 2023 the estimated population was 946,147. The county seat is Buffalo, which makes up about 28% of the county's population. Both the county and Lake Erie were named for the regional Iroquoian language-speaking Erie tribe of Native Americans, who lived in the area before 1654. They were later pushed out by the more powerful Iroquoian nations tribes. The county is part of the Western New York region of the state.

Erie County, along with its northern neighbor Niagara County, makes up the Buffalo-Niagara Falls metropolitan area, the second largest in the State of New York behind New York City. The county's southern part is known as the Southtowns.
Unique 3
Unique 3 are an English rave band from Bradford, Yorkshire. Formed in 1988, they pioneered the 'bleep techno' sound. Their song "The Theme" captured this sound, and it later appeared in remixed form on the Chemical Brothers' compilation album, Brothers Gonna Work It Out. Their most commercially successful record was "Musical Melody", which reached number 29 on the UK Singles Chart in April 1990 and led to a performance on Top of the Pops.

Brothers Gonna Work It Out
Brothers Gonna Work It Out is a compilation album by English big beat duo The Chemical Brothers, containing various artists' work mixed by the duo. It was released on 22 September 1998. The cover features a picture of Our Lady of Fatima church in Harlow, Essex, England. The quote "the brother's gonna work it out" comes from a track by Willie Hutch and is also featured in the duo's earlier track "Leave Home". It peaked at number 95 on the Billboard 200 chart. As of 2002 it has sold 165,000 copies in the United States according to Nielsen SoundScan. As of 1999 it has sold 400,000+ units worldwide, mostly in the US.

The Radio 1 Anti-Nazi Mix was the basis of what would later be released as Brothers Gonna Work It Out.
Linda Scheid
Linda J. Scheid (June 16, 1942 – June 15, 2011) was a Minnesota politician and a member of the Minnesota Senate who represented District 46, which includes portions of the northwestern suburbs of Hennepin County in the Twin Cities metro area. A Democrat, she was first elected to the Senate in 1996, and was re-elected in 2000, 2002, 2006 and 2010. Prior to the 2002 redistricting, the area was known as District 47. She died of cancer on June 15, 2011. Her seat was won in special election on October 18, 2011 by Senator Chris Eaton.

Minnesota Senate
The Minnesota Senate is the upper house of the legislature of the U.S. state of Minnesota. At 67 members, half as many as the Minnesota House of Representatives, it is the largest upper house of any U.S. state legislature. Floor sessions are held in the west wing of the State Capitol in Saint Paul. Committee hearings, as well as offices for senators and staff, are located north of the State Capitol in the Minnesota Senate Building. Each member of the Minnesota Senate represents approximately 85,000 constituents.
149th Fighter Wing
The 149th Fighter Wing is a unit of the Texas Air National Guard, stationed at Kelly Field Annex, Joint Base San Antonio, Texas. If activated to federal service, the wing is gained by the United States Air Force Air Education and Training Command.

The wing traces its history to the establishment of the 149th Fighter Group in 1960, through it became a wing only in 1995. It is an F-16 flying training unit that includes a support group with a worldwide mobility commitment. The cornerstone of the 149th’s flying mission is the 182nd Fighter Squadron, whose role is to take pilots, either experienced aircrew or recent graduates from USAF undergraduate pilot training, and qualify them to fly the F-16 Fighting Falcon.

Tactical Air Command
Tactical Air Command (TAC) is an inactive United States Air Force organization. It was a Major Command of the United States Air Force, established on 21 March 1946 and headquartered at Langley Air Force Base, Virginia. It was inactivated on 1 June 1992 and its personnel and equipment absorbed by Air Combat Command (ACC).

Tactical Air Command was established to provide a balance between strategic, air defense, and tactical forces of the post–World War II U.S. Army Air Forces followed by, in 1947, the U.S. Air Force. In 1948, the Continental Air Command assumed control over air defense, tactical air, and air reserve forces. After two years in a subordinate role, Tactical Air Command (TAC) was established as a major command.

In 1992, after assessing the mission of TAC and to accommodate a decision made regarding Strategic Air Command (SAC), Headquarters United States Air Force deactivated TAC and incorporated its resources into the newly created ACC.
Gyffard partbooks
The 'Gyffard' Partbooks (British Library [GB-Lbl] Add. MS 17802–5; also spelled Giffard) are an important set of English Renaissance choral partbooks, containing pieces by composers such as Thomas Tallis and John Sheppard, as well as additional unnamed composers, which are not found in other sources.

This set of four partbooks were probably mostly copied during the reign of Mary I for use at St. Paul's Cathedral, but copying continued to ca. 1580. They are named after one of their early owners, Philip Gyffard.

Thomas Tallis
Thomas Tallis (/ˈtælɪs/; also Tallys or Talles; c. 1505 – 23 November 1585) was an English composer of High Renaissance music. His compositions are primarily vocal, and he occupies a primary place in anthologies of English choral music. Tallis is considered one of England's greatest composers, and is honoured for his original voice in English musicianship.
Halford baronets of Wistow (second creation, 1809)
The Halford baronetcy of Wistow, Leicestershire was created on 27 September 1809 in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom for Henry Halford, a prominent society physician who was physician extraordinary to the George III from 1793. Descended maternally from the 5th Baronet of the first creation, born Henry Vaughan, he changed his surname to Halford by Act of Parliament in expectation of inheriting Wistow Hall. The baronetcy became extinct with the death of his grandson, the fourth baronet, in 1897.

In ordinary
In ordinary is an English phrase with multiple meanings. In relation to the Royal Household and public officials more generally, it indicates that a position is a permanent one (in contrast to positions that are extraordinary). In naval matters, vessels "in ordinary" (from the 17th century) are those out of service for repair or maintenance, a meaning coming over time to cover a reserve fleet or "mothballed" ships.
Ohigashi schism
The Ohigashi schism (お東騒動) was a religious schism in the Ōtani-ha (also known as Higashi Hongan-ji) subsect of the Jōdo Shinshū school of Buddhism that occurred in 1969 after a reformist group created internal divisions.

Buddhism in Japan
Buddhism was first established in Japan in the 6th century CE. Most of the Japanese Buddhists belong to new schools of Buddhism which were established in the Kamakura period (1185－1333). During the Edo period (1603–1868), Buddhism was controlled by the feudal Shogunate. The Meiji period (1868–1912) saw a strong response against Buddhism, with persecution and a forced separation between Buddhism and Shinto (Shinbutsu bunri).

The largest sects of Japanese Buddhism are Pure Land Buddhism with 22 million believers, followed by Nichiren Buddhism with 10 million believers, Shingon Buddhism with 5.4 million, Zen Buddhism with 5.3 million, Tendai Buddhism with 2.8 million, and only about 700,000 for the six old schools established in the Nara period (710－794).
Beijing No. 8 High School
Beijing No. 8 High School (北京市第八中学) is a public secondary school in Xicheng, Beijing, China. The school is supervised by the Beijing City Xicheng District Education Committee.

In 1949, the private Sicun Middle School (私立四存中学) and the Peking Municipal No. 8 Secondary School (北平市立第八中学) merged to form the Beijing No. 8 High School.

Xicheng, Beijing
Xicheng (Chinese: 西城区; pinyin: Xīchéng Qū; lit. 'West City District') is a district of the city of Beijing. Its 32 square kilometers (12 sq mi) cover the western half of the old city (largely inside the 2nd Ring Road; the eastern half is Dongcheng District), and has 1,106,214 inhabitants (2020 census). Its postal code is 100032. Xicheng is subdivided into 15 subdistricts of the city proper of Beijing. The former Xuanwu District was merged into Xicheng in July 2010.

The Xidan commercial district, Beijing Financial Street, Beihai Park, Jingshan Park, Shichahai, and Zhongnanhai are all within its jurisdiction. The popular Houhai bar area is also in Xicheng Precinct.  Before the 1911 Revolution, most royalty and aristocrats resided in the precinct. The oldest Catholic church in Beijing, the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception is located in Xicheng.