hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Transpiration
Water is passively transported into the roots and then into the xylem.

The forces of cohesion and adhesion cause the water molecules to form a column in the xylem.

Water moves from the xylem into the mesophyll cells, evaporates from their surfaces and leaves the plant by diffusion through the stomata

Transpiration is the process of water movement through a plant and its evaporation from aerial parts, such as leaves, stems and flowers. It is a passive process that requires no energy expense by the plant. Transpiration also cools plants, changes osmotic pressure of cells, and enables mass flow of mineral nutrients. When water uptake by the roots is less than the water lost to the atmosphere by evaporation, plants close small pores called stomata to decrease water loss, which slows down nutrient uptake and decreases CO2 absorption from the atmosphere limiting metabolic processes, photosynthesis, and growth.

Mass flow (life sciences)
In the life sciences, mass flow, also known as mass transfer and bulk flow, is the movement of fluids down a pressure gradient or a temperature gradient. As such, mass flow is a subject of study in both fluid dynamics and biology. Examples of mass flow include blood circulation and transport of water in vascular plant tissues. Mass flow is not to be confused with diffusion which depends on concentration gradients within a medium rather than pressure gradients of the medium itself.
Xi'an Satellite Control Center
The Xi'an Satellite Tracking, Telemetry, and Control Center (XSCC; Chinese: 西安卫星测控中心; pinyin: Xī'ān wèixīng cèkòng zhōngxīn), also known as Base 26, is the primary satellite telemetry, tracking, and control facility of the People's Republic of China. Located in the Beilin District of Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, XSCC is subordinate to the Satellite Launch, Tracking, and Control Department of the People's Liberation Army Aerospace Force.

Beilin, Xi'an
Beilin District (simplified Chinese: 碑林区; traditional Chinese: 碑林區; pinyin: Bēilín Qū) is one of 11 urban districts of the prefecture-level city of Xi'an, the capital of Shaanxi Province, Northwest China. It is named after the well-known Xi'an Stele Forest, and Small Wild Goose Pagoda is also located in the district. The smallest, but most densely populated, of Xi'an's county-level divisions, it borders the districts of Xincheng to the northeast, Yanta to the south, and Lianhu to the northwest.
Bolshoy Yeravna
Bolshoy Yeravna (Russian: Большо́е Ера́вное озеро; Russian Buryat: Ехэ Ярууна) is a fresh water body in the Yeravninsky District, Buryatia, Russia.

Common roach, perch, crucian carp, pike, burbot, minnow, are among the native fish species in the lake. Peled, bream and carp have been introduced. Legend says that the origin of the lake and the adjacent ones is in a big hot rock that fell to the earth and broke into big and small pieces that made holes which filled with water.

Burbot
The burbot (Lota lota), also known as bubbot, mariah, loche, cusk, freshwater cod, freshwater ling, freshwater cusk, the lawyer, coney-fish, lingcod, or eelpout, is a species of coldwater ray-finned fish native to the subarctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere. It is the only member of the genus Lota, and is the only freshwater species of the order Gadiformes. The species is closely related to marine fish such as the common ling and cusk, all of which belong to the family Lotidae (rocklings).
Guy Goodwin-Gill
Guy Serle Goodwin-Gill (born 25 December 1946) is a barrister and a professor of public international law at Oxford University and a Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford.

His research areas include international organisations, human rights, migrants and refugees, elections and democratisation and children's rights; he teaches Human Rights and International Law. He currently serves as the acting director of the Andrew and Renata Kaldor Centre for International Refugee Law at the University of New South Wales.

All Souls College, Oxford
All Souls College (official name: The College of All Souls of the Faithful Departed, of Oxford) is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in England. Unique to All Souls, all of its members automatically become fellows (i.e., full members of the college's governing body). It has no student members, but each year, recent graduates are eligible to apply for a small number of examination fellowships through a competitive examination (once described as "the hardest exam in the world") and, for those shortlisted after the examinations, an interview.

The college entrance is on the north side of High Street, whilst it has a long frontage onto Radcliffe Square. To its east is The Queen's College, whilst Hertford College is to the north of All Souls.

The current warden (head of the college) is Sir John Vickers, a graduate of Oriel College, Oxford.
Chezhian Harinishanth
Chezhian Harinishanth (born 16 August 1996) is an Indian cricketer. He made his Twenty20 debut for Tamil Nadu in the 2018–19 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy on 21 February 2019. He made his List A debut on 24 September 2019, for Tamil Nadu in the 2019–20 Vijay Hazare Trophy. He made his first-class debut on 25 December 2019, for Tamil Nadu in the 2019–20 Ranji Trophy.

He was part of the 2021 Tamil Nadu team that won the Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy contributing 246 runs at an average of 41 including an innings of 35 runs in the final. In February 2021, Harinishanth was bought by the Chennai Super Kings in the IPL auction ahead of the 2021 Indian Premier League. In February 2022, he was bought by the Chennai Super Kings in the auction for the 2022 Indian Premier League tournament.

Tamil Nadu cricket team
The Tamil Nadu cricket team is a domestic cricket team run by Tamil Nadu Cricket Association representing the state of Tamil Nadu, India. It has been one of the most dominant teams in white-ball domestic cricket in India. The team plays in Ranji Trophy, the highest tier of the domestic first-class cricket tournament in India and in List A tournaments Vijay Hazare Trophy and Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy. They have won the Ranji Trophy twice and have finished runners-up nine times.

They are the team that has won the Vijay Hazare Trophy  and Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy most often. They were the first team to win the Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy in 2006/07. The team was known as Madras until the 1970–71 season before the Madras state was renamed Tamil Nadu. Tamil Nadu is the only team to win the five different Indian domestic trophies (Ranji Trophy, Irani Trophy, Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy, Vijay Hazare Trophy and Deodhar Trophy).
Józef Błaszczyk
Józef Wojciech Błaszczyk (born 23 March 1947) is a sailor from Poland. Błaszczyk represented his country at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Kiel. Błaszczyk took 8th place in the Soling with Zygfryd Perlicki as helmsman and Stanisław Stefański as fellow crew member.

Sailing at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Sailing/Yachting is an Olympic sport starting from the Games of the 1st Olympiad (1896 Olympics in Athens, Greece). With the exception of 1904 and the canceled 1916 Summer Olympics, sailing has always been included on the Olympic schedule. The Sailing program of 1972 consisted of a total of six sailing classes (disciplines). For each class seven races were scheduled from 29 August 1972 to 8 September 1972 of the coast of Kiel-Schilksee in the Bay of Kiel. Kiel hosted the Olympic sailing competitions for the second time, having previously done so during the 1936 Summer Olympics. The sailing was done on the triangular type Olympic courses.
Sara La Fountain
Sara La Fountain (born Saara Kuronen, April 22, 1981) is a Finnish and American chef, cookbook author, designer, and television personality. Born in Santa Monica, California, she grew up in Finland. After attending at the Culinary Institute of America, she returned to Finland and started her own business. She has written food columns and lifestyle articles for various Finnish magazines and newspapers. She gained recognition for her cookbooks and her cooking shows, also appearing as a guest chef in several television shows. Additionally, she has been involved in various brand collaborations with food companies and has also worked in tableware design and fashion modelling.

Cooking show
A cooking show, cookery show, or cooking program (also spelled cooking programme in British English) is a television genre that presents food preparation, often in a restaurant kitchen or on a studio set, or at the host's personal home.  Typically the show's host, often a celebrity chef, prepares one or more dishes over the course of an episode, taking the viewing audience through the food's inspiration, preparation, and stages of cooking.

Cooking shows have been a popular staple of daytime TV programming since the earliest days of television. They are generally very inexpensive to produce, making them an economically easy way for a TV station to fill a half-hour (or sometimes 60-minute) time slot. A number of cooking shows have run for many seasons, especially when they are sponsored by local TV stations or by public broadcasting.  Many of the more popular cooking shows have had flamboyant hosts whose unique personalities have made them into celebrities.
Eccles, West Virginia
Eccles is a census-designated place (CDP) in Raleigh County, West Virginia, United States. Eccles is located on West Virginia Route 3, 4 miles (6.4 km) west of Beckley. Eccles has a post office with ZIP code 25836. As of the 2020 census, its population was 334 (down from 362 at the 2010 census).

The community was originally named after the book of Ecclesiastes from the bible, where the mining company of its namesake was formed around the turn of the century. The name was later shortened by the local post office to Eccles to allow for easier postage and mail flow due to a common inability to correctly spell the name. Eccles is the site of the April 28, 1914 Eccles coal mining disaster, which took the lives of 180 men.

West Virginia Route 3
West Virginia Route 3 is a state highway in the U.S. state of West Virginia. It runs from West Virginia Route 10 in West Hamlin in a general easterly direction via Beckley to West Virginia Route 311 at Sweet Springs, most of the way across the state.

Route 3 crosses a particularly large part of the state's landscape. It goes through many counties including Monroe, Greenbrier, Summers, Raleigh, Boone, and Lincoln. At least two state parks are along the route. Moncove Lake State Park, in the southeastern part of the state, is just a few miles off the main road near Gap Mills. Little Beaver State Park is in Beaver, near the major city of Beckley.

WV 3 overlaps U.S. Route 119 in Boone County north of Madison and U.S. Route 219 from Union north to Pickaway.
Matthew Clerke
Sir Matthew Clerke (1564 – 1 May 1623) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1614 to 1622.

Clerke, born in London, was the son of Richard Clerke of King's Lynn. He was admitted at Christ's College, Cambridge, on 11 April 1581. He was awarded BA in 1585 and MA in 1588. In 1605 he was mayor of Lynn. He was mayor of Lynn again in 1613. In 1614, he was elected Member of Parliament for King's Lynn. In 1622 he was re-elected MP for King's Lynn.

Clerke died at the age of 59 in 1623.

Christ's College, Cambridge
Christ's College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge, England. The college includes the master, the fellows of the college, and about 450 undergraduate and 250 graduate students. The college was founded by William Byngham in 1437 as God's House. In 1505, the college was granted a new royal charter, was given a substantial endowment by Lady Margaret Beaufort, and changed its name to Christ's College, becoming the twelfth of the Cambridge colleges to be founded in its modern form.

Alumni of the college include the poet John Milton, the naturalist Charles Darwin, as well as the Nobel Laureates Martin Evans, James Meade, Alexander Todd, Duncan Haldane, and John Clarke. The Master is Lord McDonald of Salford.
Norsworthy
Norsworthy is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Barry Norsworthy (1951–2021), Australian rules footballer

Hubert Henry Norsworthy (1885–1961), English organist and composer

Naomi Norsworthy (1877–1916), American psychologist

Ron Norsworthy, American production designer

Peter Norsworthy, (1961-), Canadian Seafood Industry Consultant

Ron Norsworthy
Ron Norsworthy is an American visual artist and designer. His work employs notions of spaces and decoration of space as narratives about his lived experience as a queer person of color as well as that of his community/communities. His interdisciplinary practice is a fusion of fine art, video and multiple design disciplines. In addition to his solo practice, Norsworthy is part of DARNstudio, an art collaboration with his husband and fellow artist, David Anthone.
Mass media in Argentina
The mass media in Argentina is one of the leading media markets in South America, with a relatively free and fair press and media industry. While there are 15 major media companies in Argentina, most media outlets are owned by a very small number of large conglomerates such as Grupo Clarín and Grupo América.

La Prensa (Buenos Aires)
La Prensa is an Argentine daily newspaper. Based in Buenos Aires, it was founded by José C. Paz and ranked among the most widely circulated dailies in subsequent decades, earning a reputation for conservatism and support for British interests.
IFTA Award for Best Lead Actress – Film
The IFTA Award for Lead Actress – Film is an award presented annually by the Irish Film & Television Academy (IFTA). It has been presented since the 1st Irish Film & Television Awards ceremony in 2003 to an Irish actress who has delivered an outstanding performance in a leading role in a feature film.

The record for most wins is six, held by Saoirse Ronan, while Eva Birthistle has won the award twice. Ronan also holds the record for most nominations with nine. Seána Kerslake has the most nominations without winning, with four. Jessie Buckley is the award's most recent winner, winning her second award for her performance in Hamnet (2025).

Seána Kerslake
Seána Kerslake (/ˈʃɔːnə ˈkɜːrzleɪk/; born 21 October 1990) is an Irish actress. She is known for portraying the role of Aisling O'Dowd in RTÉ2 comedy-drama Can't Cope, Won't Cope (2016–2018). In 2017, she was named one of sixteen young actors by Screen International as a Star of Tomorrow. In 2020, she was ranked at number 50 in The Irish Times list of the greatest Irish film actors.
MacWilliams
MacWilliams and MacWilliam are English-language surnames. They are derived from the Gaelic Mac Uilleim, a patronymic form of a Gaelicized form of the English William. The final -s in MacWilliams is a redundant English patronymical suffix.

Dave MacWilliams (born 1957), American soccer player

Jessie MacWilliams (1917–1990), English mathematician

Keenan MacWilliam (born 1989), Canadian actress

Lyle MacWilliam (born 1949), Canadian congressman

Mike MacWilliam (born 1967), Canadian ice hockey player

William
William is a masculine given name of Germanic origin. It became popular in England after the Norman conquest in 1066, and remained so throughout the Middle Ages and into the modern era. It is sometimes abbreviated "Wm."  Shortened familiar versions in English include Will or Wil, Wills, Willy, Willie, Bill, Billie, and Billy.

A common Irish form is Liam. Scottish diminutives include Wull, Willie or Wullie (as in Oor Wullie). Female forms include Willa, Willemina, Wilma and Wilhelmina.
Carbon–oxygen bond
A carbon–oxygen bond is a polar covalent bond between atoms of carbon and oxygen.: 16–22  Carbon–oxygen bonds are found in many inorganic compounds such as carbon oxides and oxohalides, carbonates and metal carbonyls, and in organic compounds such as alcohols, ethers, and carbonyl compounds.: 32–36  Oxygen has 6 valence electrons of its own and tends to fill its outer shell with 8 electrons by sharing electrons with other atoms to form covalent bonds, accepting electrons to form an anion, or a combination of the two. In neutral compounds, an oxygen atom can form a triple bond with carbon, while a carbon atom can form up to four single bonds or two double bonds with oxygen.

Oxocarbon
In chemistry, an oxocarbon or oxide of carbon is a chemical compound consisting only of carbon and oxygen. The simplest and most common oxocarbons are carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2). Many other stable (practically if not thermodynamically) or metastable oxides of carbon are known, but they are rarely encountered, such as carbon suboxide (C3O2 or O=C=C=C=O) and mellitic anhydride (C12O9).

Many other oxides are known today, most of them synthesized since the 1960s. Some of these new oxides are stable at room temperature. Some are metastable or stable only at very low temperatures, but decompose to simpler oxocarbons when warmed.  Many are inherently unstable and can be observed only momentarily as intermediates in chemical reactions or are so reactive that they exist only in gas phase or have only been detected by matrix isolation.

Graphene oxide and other stable polymeric carbon oxides with unbounded molecular structures exist.
Trachypithecus
Trachypithecus is a genus of Old World monkeys containing species known as lutungs, langurs, or leaf monkeys. Their range is much of Southeast Asia (northeast India, Vietnam, southern China, Borneo, Thailand, Java, and Bali).

The name "lutung" comes from the Sundanese language meaning "blackness", ultimately from Proto-Austronesian *luCuŋ (which originally referred to the Formosan rock macaque); it is preferred in one paper because the authors wanted the name langurs to only refer to monkeys in the genus Semnopithecus, although some "lutungs" are now "langurs" again. The scientific name of the genus comes from the Ancient Greek τραχύς (trakhús), meaning "rough", and πίθηκος (píthēkos), meaning "monkey".

Proto-Austronesian language
Proto-Austronesian (commonly abbreviated as PAN or PAn) is a proto-language. It is the reconstructed ancestor of the Austronesian languages, one of the world's major language families. Proto-Austronesian is assumed to have begun to diversify c. 4000 BCE – c. 3500 BCE in Taiwan.

Lower-level reconstructions have also been made, and include Proto-Malayo-Polynesian, Proto-Oceanic, and Proto-Polynesian. In the last three decades, linguists Malcolm Ross and Andrew Pawley have built a large lexicon for Proto-Oceanic. Other comparative lexicons include the Micronesian comparative dictionary (by Bender et al.), and the Polynesian lexicon or Pollex (by Biggs et al.).
Wilhelm Keilmann
Wilhelm Martin Keilmann (4 August 1908 – 14 November 1989) was a German pianist, Kapellmeister and composer. He composed 74 works, founded a chamber orchestra and was lecturer at the Richard-Strauss-Konservatorium München.

Bad Kohlgrub
Bad Kohlgrub is a German municipality in the district of Garmisch-Partenkirchen, in Bavaria. It lies 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) west of Murnau am Staffelsee and 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) north of Oberammergau, and is connected to both by the Ammergau Railway.

Skiing facilities include 4 ski lifts, 4 pistes and 30 kilometres (19 mi) of cross-country skiing trails. A chairlift (opened 1954) south of the town leads up to the Hörnlehütte below the summit of the Hörnle mountain (1,547 metres/5,075 ft).
Kask (surname)
Kask is an Estonian surname meaning "birch". Notable people with the surname include:

Aleksander Kask (1885–1950), Estonian politician

Aleksander Kask (1902–1965), Estonian weightlifter

Arnold Kask (1902–1994), Estonian linguist, philologist and professor

Herman Kask (died 1918), Estonian politician

Jana Kask (born 1991), Estonian singer

Janne Kask, former singer of the Swedish band Brainpool

Oskar Kask (1898–1942), Estonian politician

Peet Kask (born 1948), Estonian politician

Rein Kask (born 1947), Estonian politician

Risto Kask (born 1985), Estonian civil servant and politician

Teet Kask (born 1968), Estonian ballet dancer and choreographer

Tim Kask (1949–2025), American editor and writer

Tõnis Kask (1929–2016), Estonian director

Arnold Kask
Arnold Kask (10 August 1902, Pärnu – 30 July 1994, Tartu) was an Estonian linguist.

In 1928 he graduated from the University of Tartu. Since 1944 he taught at the University of Tartu.

In 1944 and from 1968 to 1982, he was the chairman of Mother Tongue Society. Since 1961 he was a member of Estonian Academy of Sciences.

His main fields of research were Estonian dialects, Estonian literary language and its history.
Shan King (South) stop
Shan King (South) (Chinese: 山景 (南)) is an at-grade MTR Light Rail stop located at Shan King Shopping Centre, Shan King Estate, in Tuen Mun District, Hong Kong. It began service on 24 September 1988 and belongs to Zone 2. It serves the south of Shan King Estate.

There is only one platform in Shan King South stop for Line 505. Line 505 is routed via Shan King North and Shan King South in Siu Hong direction and is routed via Ming Kum in Sam Shing direction.

Railway platform
A railway platform is an area in a train station alongside a railway track providing convenient access to trains. Almost all stations have some form of platform, with larger stations having multiple platforms.

Grand Central Terminal in Midtown Manhattan hosts 44 platforms, more than any other rail station in the world. The world's longest station platform is at Hubballi Junction in India at 1,507 metres (4,944 ft). The Appalachian Trail station or Benson station in the United States, at the other extreme, has a platform which is only long enough for a single bench.

Among some American train conductors, the word "platform" has entered usage as a verb meaning "to berth at a station", as in the announcement: "The last two cars of this train will not platform at East Rockaway".
Rauch, Minnesota
Rauch is an unincorporated community in Koochiching County, Minnesota, United States.

The community is located between Togo and Orr at the junction of County Road 75 (CR 75) and State Highway 65 (MN 65).

Rauch is located in the southeast corner of the county.  The boundary line between Koochiching, Saint Louis, and Itasca counties is nearby.  Rauch is located within ZIP code 55771 based in Orr.

Minnesota State Highway 65
Minnesota State Highway 65 (MN 65) is a highway in the east–central and northeast parts of the U.S. state of Minnesota, which starts at its split from I-35W, skipping past the downtown Minneapolis core, only to resume at the intersection with Washington Avenue (Hennepin County Road 152) at the north end of downtown Minneapolis to continue north to its northern terminus at its intersection with U.S. Highway 71 (US 71) in Littlefork near International Falls.

Highway 65 is a four lane expressway between Interstate 694 (I-694) in Fridley to just north of State Highway 95 at Cambridge.

The route continues as a two-lane roadway from Cambridge to its northern terminus at Littlefork in northern Minnesota.

At 272.511 miles (438.564 km) in length, State Highway 65 is the third longest state route in Minnesota, after MN 23 and MN 1.
Boophis periegetes
Boophis periegetes is a species of frogs in the family Mantellidae.

It is endemic to Madagascar, officially known only from Ranomafana National Park with unconfirmed records in Andohahela National Park, Andringitra National Park and Kalambatritra Reserve.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, and rivers.
It is threatened by habitat loss for agriculture, timber extraction, charcoal manufacturing, invasive eucalyptus, livestock grazing and expanding human settlement.

Mantellidae
The Mantellidae are an amphibian family of the order Anura (frogs and toads), and are endemic to the Indian Ocean islands of Madagascar and Mayotte. At first glance, the diminutive, brightly-coloured mantellas appear visually similar to (and indeed fill similar ecological niches as) the Latin American poison dart frogs, such as Dendrobates, Oophaga and Phyllobates, among others.