hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Leo Passianos
Leo Passianos (died 22 June 1017) was the Byzantine general sent by the Catapan of Italy Leo Tornikios Kontoleon to fight the Lombard rebel Melus of Bari in 1017. He is not to be confused with the other Passianos killed in Melus' first rebellion while fighting the Saracens under Ishmael of Montepeloso.

Passianos met Melus on the Fortore at Arenula. The battle was either indecisive (William of Apulia) or a victory for Melus (Leo of Ostia). Tornikios then took command himself and led them into a second encounter near Civita. This second battle was a victory for Melus, though Lupus Protospatharius and the anonymous chronicler of Bari record a defeat. Passianos was killed in this battle.

Leo of Ostia
Leo Marsicanus (meaning "of the Marsi") or Ostiensis (meaning "of Ostia"), also known as Leone dei Conti di Marsi (1046, Marsica – 1115/7, Ostia), was a nobleman and monk of Monte Cassino around 1061 and Italian cardinal from the 12th century.

In Monte Cassino, he became a friend of Desiderius of Benevento, later Pope Victor III, and it was to him that Leo dedicated his most famous work as an historian and chronicler, being a librarian: the Chronica Monasterii Casinensis. The chronicler depends largely on Amatus' earlier work, but also on oral traditions and other archives. Leo finished it at 1075; it is continued by other monastic librarian Peter the Deacon.

Pope Urban II created him cardinal deacon in 1088 with the deaconry of Ss. Vito e Modesto. In 1101, Pope Paschal II promoted him cardinal-bishop of Ostia. In 1105, he was appointed cardinal - bishop of   Velletri until his death.
Shooting at the 2011 Pan American Games – Women's 25 metre pistol
The men's 25 metre pistol shooting event at the 2011 Pan American Games was held on October 19 at the Pan American Shooting Polygon in Guadalajara. The defending Pan American Games champion is Sandra Uptagrafft of the United States.

The event consisted of two rounds: a qualifier and a final. In the qualifier, each shooter fired 60 shots with a pistol at 25 metres distance. Scores for each shot were in increments of 1, with a maximum score of 10. The first 30 shots were in the precision stage, with a series of 5 shots being shot within 5 minutes. The second set of 30 shots gave shooters 3 seconds to take each shot.

The top 8 shooters in the qualifying round moved on to the final round. There, they fired an additional 20 shots. These shots scored in increments of .1, with a maximum score of 10.9. They were fired in four sets of 5 rapid fire shots. The total score from all 80 shots was used to determine the final ranking.

Sandra Uptagrafft
Sandra Uptagrafft (born April 12, 1971 in Singapore) is an American sport shooter. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, she competed in the Women's 10 metre air pistol, and finished in 28th place.  She also competed in the Women's 25 metre pistol event and also finished 28th in that. She has won gold and silver medals in the Pan American Games.

She represented the United States at the 2020 Summer Olympics.
Myelin-associated glycoprotein
Myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG), or Siglec-4 is a type 1 transmembrane protein, a glycoprotein localized in periaxonal Schwann cell and oligodendrocyte membranes, where it plays a role in glial-axonal interactions. MAG is a member of the SIGLEC family of proteins and is a functional ligand of the NOGO-66 receptor,  NgR. MAG is believed to be involved in myelination during remyelination (nerve regeneration) in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and is vital for the long-term survival of the myelinated axons following myelinogenesis. In the  CNS MAG is one of three main myelin-associated inhibitors of axonal regeneration after injury, making it an important protein for future research on neurogenesis in the CNS.

Remyelination
Remyelination is the process of propagating oligodendrocyte precursor cells to form oligodendrocytes to create new myelin sheaths on demyelinated axons in the Central nervous system (CNS). This is a process naturally regulated in the body and tends to be very efficient in a healthy CNS.
The process creates a thinner myelin sheath than normal, but it helps to protect the axon from further damage, from overall degeneration, and proves to increase conductance once again. The processes underlying remyelination are under investigation in the hope of finding treatments for demyelinating diseases, such as multiple sclerosis.

As of 2022 the status of possible remyelination acceleration is of trials only, with side effects of possible drugs one limiting issue.
Glycyrrhizol
Glycyrrhizol A is a prenylated pterocarpan and an isoflavonoid derivative. It is a compound isolated from the root of the Chinese licorice plant (Glycyrrhiza uralensis).

It may has in vitro antibacterial properties. In one study, the strongest antibacterial activity was observed against Streptococcus mutans, an organism known to cause tooth decay in humans.

Streptococcus mutans
Streptococcus mutans is a facultatively anaerobic, gram-positive coccus (round bacterium) commonly found in the human oral cavity and is a significant contributor to tooth decay.
The microbe was first described by James Kilian Clarke in 1924.

This bacterium, along with the closely related species Streptococcus sobrinus, can cohabit the mouth: Both contribute to oral disease, and the expense of differentiating them in laboratory testing is often not clinically necessary. Therefore, for clinical purposes they are often considered together as a group, called the mutans streptococci. This grouping of similar bacteria with similar tropism can also be seen in the viridans streptococci – of which Streptococcus mutans is itself also a member.
TowneBank
TowneBank is a bank headquartered in Suffolk, Virginia with 44 branches in Virginia and North Carolina. They have owned the naming rights to TowneBank Stadium and TowneBank Tower press box facility at Dowdy–Ficklen Stadium since 2019.

While remaining headquartered in Suffolk, their financial services wing, which includes mortgage, insurance, and benefits, operates out of the TowneBank Tower in Downtown Norfolk, Virginia.

On August 19, 2025, TowneBank announced plans to acquire Dogwood State Bank, a Raleigh-based community bank, in an all-stock transaction valued at $476.2 million. As of June 30, 2025, Dogwood State Bank had $2.4 billion in assets and operated 17 branches in North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee. The deal requires regulatory approval and is expected to close in 2026.

Suffolk, Virginia
Suffolk (locally /ˈsʌfʊk/ SUF-uuk) is an independent city in Virginia, United States. As of 2020, the population was 94,324. It is the 10th-most populous city in Virginia, the largest city in Virginia by boundary land area as well as the 14th-largest in the country.
Suffolk is located in the Hampton Roads metropolitan area. This also includes the independent cities of Chesapeake, Hampton, Newport News, Norfolk, Portsmouth, and Virginia Beach, and smaller cities, counties, and towns of Hampton Roads. With miles of waterfront property on the Nansemond and James rivers, present-day Suffolk was formed in 1974 after consolidating with Nansemond County and the towns of Holland and Whaleyville.
2010–2011 Israeli Final Four
The 2010–2011 Israeli Final Four, the sixth Israeli Final Four was held at Yad Eliyahu Arena, Tel Aviv, Israel on 24 and 26 May 2011 to determine the winner of the 2010–2011 Israeli League. The Participating teams are: Maccabi Tel Aviv, Hapoel Gilboa Galil, Hapoel Jerusalem and Maccabi Rishon LeZion.

Maccabi Rishon LeZion (basketball)
Maccabi Rishon LeZion (Hebrew: מכבי ראשון לציון) is a basketball club based in Rishon LeZion, Israel. The team plays in the Ligat HaAl (the top tier of Israeli basketball). The greatest achievement of the club has been winning the 2016 Israeli Basketball Premier League championship.

The club is one of the most popular basketball clubs in Israel, and has played in the Israeli Basketball Premier League since 1989. Some notable players have included Miki Berkovich, Doron Jamchi, Guy Goodes, Motti Aroesti, Kevin Magee, Moran Roth, and Hen Lippin.
Geoff Webb
Geoffrey I. Webb (also known as Geoff Webb) is Professor in the Department of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence at Monash University, founder and director of Data Mining software development and consultancy company G. I. Webb and Associates, and former editor-in-chief of the journal Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery.

He is an editor of the Encyclopedia of Machine Learning.

Webb is a foundation member of the editorial advisory board of the journal Statistical Analysis and Data Mining.

Webb was elected to the ACM Special Interest Group on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining Executive Committee in 2017.

In 2025, Webb was awarded an Australian Laureate Fellowship by the Australian Research Council to further his research and develop tools to enable temporal analytics in artificial intelligence.

Australian Laureate Fellowship
The Australian Laureate Fellowship is an Australian professorial research fellowship awarded by the Australian Research Council. Fellows are chosen each year for five-year awards. In 2023 8 industry-focused Laureate Fellowships were awarded for the first time.
Underwater swimming
Underwater swimming can refer to:

Unequipped swimming beneath the water surface, such as the streamline style

Scuba diving, snorkeling, or free-diving

Swimming at the 1900 Summer Olympics - Men's underwater swimming

Swimming at the 1900 Summer Olympics – Men's underwater swimming
The men's underwater swimming was an event on the Swimming at the 1900 Summer Olympics schedule in Paris. It was held on 12 August in the Seine. There were 14 competitors from 4 nations. The event was won by Charles Devendeville of France, with his countryman André Six taking second. Denmark's Peder Lykkeberg took third despite being clearly the best underwater swimmer; he swam in circles though the distance portion of the score was measured in a straight line.
Roger Garis
Roger Carroll Garis (1901– 1967) was an American writer. He wrote for magazines and also The Outboard Boys series of books. In addition to his writing of books for children and adults, he contributed to the Waterbury, Connecticut Republican and wrote for the stage and for television.

Republican-American
The Republican-American is a conservative-leaning newspaper based in Waterbury, Connecticut. It was established in 1990 through merger of two newspapers under the same ownership: Waterbury American and Waterbury Republican. The publication's origins date back to 1844. Hearst Connecticut Media group, a division of Hearst Communications, bought the publication from the Pape family on February 5, 2025.
1992 Wexford Senior Hurling Championship
The 1992 Wexford Senior Hurling Championship was the 82nd completed staging of the Wexford Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Wexford County Board in 1889.

Buffers Alley entered the championship as the defending champions.

The final, was played on 25 October 1992 at Wexford Park, between Buffers Alley and Oulart–the Ballagh, in what was their fourth meeting in the final overall and a first meeting in three years. Buffers Alley won the match by 1–11 to 1–05 to claim their 12th championship title overall and a second title in succession.

Oulart–The Ballagh GAA
Oulart–The Ballagh is a Gaelic Athletic Association club in County Wexford, Ireland. The club takes its players primarily from the area around the villages of Oulart and The Ballagh. The club has won the Wexford Senior Hurling Championship on 13 occasions, most recently in 2016. Their main rivals are Buffers Alley. Notable former hurlers associated with the club include Liam Dunne and Martin Storey.
Jeperjek
Jeperjek (pronounced [ˈjeːpɛɾjɛk]) is a small settlement in the hills southwest of Boštanj in the Municipality of Sevnica in central Slovenia. The part of the municipality on the right bank of the Sava River is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola. The entire municipality is now included in the Lower Sava Statistical Region.

Lower Sava Statistical Region
The Lower Sava Statistical Region (Slovene: posavska statistična regija; until December 31, 2014 spodnjeposavska statistična regija) is a statistical region in Slovenia. It has good traffic accessibility and is located in the Sava and Krka Valleys, with hilly areas with vineyards and an abundance of water. It is the second-smallest statistical region in Slovenia. The only nuclear power plant in the country and Čatež spa are located in the region. The region annually spends EUR 22 million on environmental protection. In 2013, the employment rate in the region was 57.5%. The region was characterized by the largest difference between the employment rate for men and for women (for men it was 12 percentage points higher than for women). In 2013 this region also stood out in number of convicted persons per 1,000 population (8.3).
Tommy Runar
Tommy Runar (born 25 April 1982) is a retired Norwegian football goalkeeper. Runar played for Jerv, joining Start in 2004. He spent the majority of the 2008 season on loan at Fredrikstad, serving as cover for Lasse Staw.

He retired after the 2012 season, and has since worked as goalkeeping coach for FK Jerv and Amazon Grimstad.

IK Start
Idrettsklubben Start (or simply IK Start) is a Norwegian football club from the city of Kristiansand that currently plays in the Eliteserien, the top tier of the Norwegian football league system. The club was founded on 19 September 1905. The club's current head coach is Azar Karadas. The team plays in yellow jerseys, black shorts and socks at home, and black jerseys, yellow shorts and socks away.

They play their home matches at Sør Arena, opened in 2007. Before moving to Sør Arena, IK Start played their games at Kristiansand Stadion. The team’s official supporter club, “Tigerberget,” existed until 2017, when the IK Start board decided to discontinue having an official supporter club.
Willie Burns (baseball)
William Tatum Burns (January 12, 1916 – February 10, 1966) was an American Negro league pitcher between 1935 and 1945.

A native of West Palm Beach, Florida, Burns made his Negro league debut in 1935 with the Newark Dodgers. He went on to play for several teams, finishing his career in 1945 with the New York Cubans and the New York Black Yankees. Burns died in West Palm Beach in 1966 at age 50.

New York Black Yankees
The New York Black Yankees were a professional Negro league baseball team based in New York City; Paterson, New Jersey; and Rochester, New York. Beginning as the independent Harlem Stars, the team was renamed the New York Black Yankees in 1932 and joined the Negro National League in 1936, and remained in the league through 1948.

The Black Yankees played at Paterson, New Jersey's Hinchliffe Stadium from 1933 to 1935 and from 1937 to 1938. They had no primary home ballpark in 1939. From 1940 to 1947, they primarily played home games at Yankee Stadium. In 1948, they played the majority of their home games at Red Wing Stadium in Rochester.
Jason Hoskins
Jason Hoskins (born c. 1983) is an American college football coach. He is the head football coach for Upper Iowa University, a position he has held since 2021. He also coached for Loras, Rockford, Minnesota Duluth, Southern Illinois, and Northern State.

Rockford University
Rockford University is a private university in Rockford, Illinois, United States.  It was founded in 1847 as Rockford Female Seminary and changed its name to Rockford College in 1892, and to Rockford University in 2013.
Johal
Johal is a surname and clan found among the Jatt ethnic group of Punjab, India and Punjab, Pakistan. Notable persons with the surname include:

Ashvir Singh Johal, British Punjabi professional football coach

Balinder Johal, Punjabi Canadian actress

Bindy Johal (1971–1998), Punjabi Canadian gangster

Gurnaik Johal, British Punjabi writer

Hardial Singh Johal (c. 1947–2002), Punjabi Canadian engineer

Yogi Johl, Punjabi Canadian Olympic wrestler

Jagbir Jhutti Johal, British Punjabi professor of religion

Jas Johal, Punjabi Canadian politician

Kuldesh Johal (born 1980), British Punjabi snooker player

Nachhatar Singh Johal (born 1979), Indian sailor

Sardara Singh Johl (born 1928), Indian agriculture economist

Jas Johal
Jas Johal is a Canadian politician and media personality. He served as Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) of British Columbia for the electoral district of Richmond-Queensborough in the 41st Parliament of British Columbia (2017-2020), as part of the British Columbia Liberal Party caucus.
Stellacyanin
Stellacyanin is a member of the blue or type I copper protein family. This family of copper proteins is generally involved in electron transfer reactions with the Cu center transitioning between the oxidized Cu(II) form and the reduced Cu(I) form. Stellacyanin is ubiquitous among vascular seed plants.

Seed plant
A seed plant or spermatophyte (from Ancient Greek  σπέρμα (spérma) 'seed' and  φυτόν (phutón) 'plant'; lit. 'seed plant'), also called a phanerogam (taxon Phanerogamae) or a phaenogam (taxon Phaenogamae), is any plant that produces seeds. It is a category of embryophyte (i.e. land plant) that includes most of the familiar land plants, including the flowering plants and the gymnosperms, but not ferns, mosses, or algae.

The term phanerogam or phanerogamae is derived from  Ancient Greek φανερός (phanerós), meaning "visible", in contrast to the term "cryptogam" or "cryptogamae" (from Ancient Greek  κρυπτός (kruptós) 'hidden', and γαμέω (gaméō), 'to marry'). These terms distinguish those plants with hidden sexual organs (cryptogamae) from those with visible ones (phanerogamae).
Dorian Shōnen
"Dorian Shōnen" (ドリアン少年, Durian Boy) is the 12th single by Japanese idol girl group NMB48. The main track is centered by Ririka Sutou. It was released on July 15, 2015. It was number-one on the Oricon Weekly Singles Chart with 371,276 copies sold. It was the seventeenth best-selling single of 2015 in Japan according to the Oricon Yearly Singles Chart, with 449,148 copies sold. As of December 7, 2015 it had sold 449,148 copies. It also reached the second place on the Billboard Japan Hot 100.

Billboard Japan Hot 100
The Billboard Japan Hot 100 is a record chart in Japan for songs. It has been compiled by Billboard Japan and Hanshin Contents Link since February 2008. The chart is updated every Wednesday at Billboard-japan.com (JST) and every Thursday at Billboard.com (UTC).

The first number-one song on the chart was "Stay Gold" by Hikaru Utada on the issue dated January 16, 2008. The first number-one song on the chart by a non-Japanese artist was "Bleeding Love" by Leona Lewis in the issue dated April 30, 2008. The current number-one on the chart as of the issue dated February 25, 2026, is "Bakuretsu Aishiteru" by M!lk.
Siege of Mainz (1814)
The siege of Mainz (3 January – 4 May 1814) saw an Imperial French corps under Charles Antoine Morand besieged in Mainz Fortress by an Imperial Russian corps led by Louis Alexandre Andrault de Langeron. When the Russians left in February 1814, they were replaced by the V German Corps, led by Duke Ernest of Saxe-Coburg and made up of the soldiers from the County of Nassau, the Duchy of Berg and several other minor German states. The French were far too strong for the Allies to directly attack the fortress. However, an outbreak of typhus ravaged the city. Despite the epidemic, Morand did not surrender the city until the news of Napoleon's abdication arrived.

Louis Alexandre Andrault de Langeron
Count Louis Alexandre Andrault de Langeron (Russian: Алекса́ндр Фёдорович Ланжеро́н, romanized: Aleksandr Fyodorovich Lanzheron; 24 January 1763 – 16 July 1831) was a French military figure in the service of, first, the Kingdom of France, and later the Russian Empire.
Jabaquara (São Paulo Metro)
Jabaquara-Comitê Paralímpico Brasileiro is a station on Line 1 (Blue) of the São Paulo Metro and is the current terminus. It will be integrated with the planned Line 17 (Gold).

The station integrates with the Jabaquara Intermunicipal Terminal, allowing passengers to transfer to SPTrans and EMTU bus lines with their Bilhete Único card.

Jabaquara Intermunicipal Terminal
Jabaquara Intermunicipal Terminal is an intermunicipal bus terminal in São Paulo, Brazil.  Along with the Tietê Bus Terminal and the Palmeiras-Barra Funda Intermodal Terminal, it is one of the most important bus terminals in the State of São Paulo. tel.11 5060-4275 of ambulatory.
Eurycephalus (genus)
Eurycephalus is an invalid longhorn beetle generic name  first published by the British zoologist John Edward Gray in 1831. It is now considered to be a junior objective synonym of the genus Tapeina established by the French entomologists Amédée Lepeletier and Jean Guillaume Audinet-Serville in 1828. Several other organisms were also named Eurycephalus by other zoologists that have since been invalidated. They are listed below with their current accepted name:

Eurycephalus Dejean, 1835 (junior homonym) = Euryphagus J. Thomson, 1864

- A cerambycid beetle genus belonging to the tribe Trachyderini

Eurycephalus Imamura, 1996 (junior homonym) = Sunagocia Imamura, 2003

- A genus of flathead fish

Eurycephalus Agassiz, 1846 (misspelling) = Eurocephalus A. Smith, 1836

- A genus of passerine birds in the shrike family

John Edward Gray
John Edward Gray FRS (12 February 1800 – 7 March 1875) was a British zoologist. He was the elder brother of zoologist George Robert Gray and son of the pharmacologist and botanist Samuel Frederick Gray (1766–1828). The standard author abbreviation J.E.Gray is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name. The same is used for a zoological name.

Gray was keeper of zoology at the British Museum in London from 1840 until Christmas 1874, before the natural history holdings were split off to the Natural History Museum. He published several catalogues of the museum collections that included comprehensive discussions of animal groups and descriptions of new species. He improved the zoological collections to make them amongst the best in the world.
George Campbell (New South Wales politician)
George Campbell (13 June 1827 – 2 September 1890) was an Australian politician.

He was born near Bathurst to pastoralist Archibald Campbell and Ellen Stoddart. He married Jessie Blackwood in Glasgow; they had nine children. A pastoralist, he owned property near Cowra. In 1881 he was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for Carcoar, serving until 1885, when he retired. In 1888 he was appointed to the New South Wales Legislative Council, where he remained until his death at Jerula near Cowra in 1890.

Bathurst, New South Wales
Bathurst (/ˈbæθɜːrst/ BATH-erst, locally /ˈbæθəst/ BATH-əst) is a city in the Central Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia. Bathurst is about 200 kilometres (120 mi) west-northwest of Sydney and is the seat of the Bathurst Regional Council. Founded in 1815, Bathurst is the oldest inland settlement in Australia and had a population of 44,621 in 2023.

Bathurst is often referred to as the Gold Country, as the area was the site of Australia's first discovery of payable gold in 1851, and where Australia's first gold rush occurred. Today education, tourism and manufacturing drive the economy. The internationally known racetrack Mount Panorama, also known as Wahluu, is a landmark of the city which brings in a lot of tourism, especially during the week of the Bathurst 1000. Bathurst has a historic city centre with many ornate buildings remaining from the New South Wales gold rush in the mid to late 19th century.