hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Medicines reconciliation
Medicines reconciliation or medication reconciliation is the process of ensuring that a hospital patient's medication list is as up-to-date as possible. It is usually undertaken by a pharmacist and may include consulting several sources such as the patient, their relatives or caregivers, or their primary care physician.

In the United Kingdom, guidelines on medicines reconciliation are provided by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) in collaboration with the National Patient Safety Agency. In accordance with these, it should be carried out within 24 hours of admission to hospital.  From April 2020 it is to be an essential service in the community pharmacy contract in England.

In the United States, the Joint Commission prioritizes medication reconciliation at hospital admission and during ambulatory care as one of the National Patient Safety Goals.

Joint Commission
The Joint Commission is a United States-based nonprofit tax-exempt 501(c) organization that accredits more than 22,000 US health care organizations and programs. The international branch accredits medical services from around the world.

A majority of US state governments recognize Joint Commission accreditation as a condition of licensure for the receipt of Medicaid and Medicare reimbursements.

The Joint Commission is based in the Chicago suburb of Oakbrook Terrace, Illinois.
Sisto Scilligo
Sisto Michele Scilligo (21 November 1911 – 16 April 1992) was an Italian Alpini soldier and skier.

Scilligo was born in the Val Formazza. In 1931 he placed second in the 18 km cross-country skiing event of the Italian mastership. Two years afterwards he finished fifth together with his team colleges Frederico De Zulian, Andrea Veurich and Severino Menardi at the 4x10 km relay event of the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 1933, and was a member of the national Olympic military patrol team, which placed first at the 1936 Winter Olympics.

Scilligo served at the mountain warfare school of the Italian Army called Scuola Militare di Alpinismo (today: Centro Addestramento Alpino), which was founded in 1934.

Further notable results were:

1931: 2nd, Italian men's championships of cross-country skiing, 18 km

1935: 2nd, Italian men's championships of cross-country skiing, 46 km

Val Formazza
The Val Formazza (Walser: Pomattertal) is a valley in the Lepontine Alps, in the Piedmontese Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola, Italy. Bordering Switzerland, it represents the northernmost part of Val d'Ossola and Piedmont.

The river Toce flows through the valley, forming the Toce waterfall. Seven hydroelectric reservoirs were built in the valley in the 20th century: lakes Morasco, Sabbione, Toggia, Vannino, Castel, Busin, and Sruer.

The valley is surrounded by several three-thousanders, the highest of which is the Blinnenhorn, followed by the Siedel Rothorn, Basòdino, Ofenhorn, Punta del Sabbione, Kastelhorn, Punta dei Camosci, Corno di Ban and Monte Giove. Ten mountain huts are located on its mountains.

Two municipalities are located in the valley, Premia and Formazza, the latter of which is home to a Walser community.

Much of the valley (22,233 hectares) is covered by a Special Protection Area as part of the Natura 2000 network.
Battle of Sukha Dorogva River
Battle of Sukha Dorogva River was an armed clash between the armies of Daniel Romanovich and the forces of Leszek the White, following Daniel's political actions. A key element of his strategy was to conclude an alliance with Mstislav Mstislavich, which made it possible to regain lost lands.

This alliance was met with displeasure by Leszek the White, who perceived it as an attempt to make the Romanovichi independent from Polish sovereignty. In response, the Duke of Kraków organised a retaliatory expedition. In the spring of 1218, Polish troops invaded the lands along the Bug River, but the Ruthenian forces, led by the boyars Gavrilo Dushilovich, Semyon Ohiyevich and Vasyl Gavrilovich, defeated them. Poles were forced to retreat as far as the Wieprz River, and Daniel's triumphant army returned to Vladimir, leading the captured captives. The Galician-Volhynian Chronicle states that the site of the battle was Sukha Dorogva River.

Bug (river)
The Bug or Western Bug is a major river in Central Europe that flows through Belarus (border), Poland, and Ukraine, with a total length of 774 kilometres (481 mi). A tributary of the Narew, the Bug forms part of the border between Belarus and Poland for 178 kilometres (111 mi) and part of the border between Ukraine and Poland for 185 kilometres (115 mi).

The Bug is connected with the Dnieper by the Dnieper–Bug Canal. Out of its 38,712 square kilometres (14,947 mi2) drainage basin, half is in Poland, just over a quarter in Belarus, and slightly under a quarter in Ukraine.
Festival Foods (Minnesota)
Festival Foods is an American, family-owned grocery store chain based in Minnesota, United States (not to be confused with the Wisconsin store chain). It operates six stores in the Twin Cities and is owned and operated by sisters Marie Aarthun and Lauri Youngquist. Their stores are located in Andover, Bloomington, Brooklyn Park, Hugo, Lexington and White Bear Lake. The stores in Andover and Hugo feature Dunn Bros in-store coffee houses that roast their beans fresh on-site. The chain also contains other special in-store offerings, such as a full selection liquor store in Hugo and a café at the Bloomington Location. Festival Foods stores were previously located in Vadnais Heights and Virginia, Minnesota.

Dunn Brothers Coffee
Dunn Brothers Coffee is a franchise company of coffeehouses founded in St. Paul, Minnesota, in December 1987 by brothers Ed and Dan Dunn. As of June 2025, Dunn Brothers Coffee has 47 locations in Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wisconsin.
XYZ (computer)
XYZ was the first Universal Digital Machine from the family of early computers built and launched in Poland in 1958. It was ahead of EMAL2 by a few months, while the earlier EMAL was not fully launched.

UMC (computer)
UMC (Uniwersalna Maszyna Cyfrowa - Polish for Universal Digital Machine) is a family of computers produced by Elwro from 1962.
It consisted of vacuum-tube based UMC-1 and transistor-based UMC-10 (1964). UMC computers operated using negabinary (-2 base) numeral system invented by prof. Zdzisław Pawlak.
A-84,543
A-84543 is a drug developed by Abbott, which acts as an agonist at neural nicotinic acetylcholine receptors with high selectivity for the α4β2 subtype. It is widely used in scientific research into the structure and function of this receptor subtype and has been the lead compound for the development of a large family of related derivatives.

Abbott Laboratories
Abbott Laboratories, commonly known as Abbott, is an American multinational medical devices and health care company with headquarters in Abbott Park, Illinois. The company produces pharmaceuticals for sale outside the United States (13% of 2024 revenues), diagnostic products (20% of 2024 revenues), nutritional products (22% of 2024 revenues), and medical devices (45% of 2024 revenues).

Abbott operates in over 160 countries and sources from at least 62 suppliers worldwide.

Abbott's products include Pedialyte, Similac, BinaxNOW, Ensure, Glucerna, ZonePerfect, FreeStyle Libre, i-STAT and MitraClip.

The company is ranked 107th on the Fortune 500 and 144th on the Forbes Global 2000.
Harvey Summit
Harvey Summit (78°18′52″S 162°18′09″E﻿ / ﻿78.3144444°S 162.3025°E﻿ / -78.3144444; 162.3025﻿ (Harvey Summit)) is a peak 2,644 metres (8,675 ft) high at the head of McDermott Glacier in the Royal Society Range of Victoria Land, Antarctica. It was named by the United States Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) after John W. Harvey of the National Solar Observatory who, along with Thomas L. Duvall, Jr. and Martin A. Pomerantz, conducted research in helioseismology at the South Pole for some years from 1980 onwards.

Martin A. Pomerantz
Martin Arthur Pomerantz (December 17, 1916 – October 26, 2008) was an American physicist who served as director of the Bartol Research Institute and who had been a leader in developing Antarctic astronomy. When the astronomical observatory at the United States Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station was opened in 1995, it was named the Martin A. Pomerantz Observatory (MAPO) in his honor. Pomerantz published his scientific autobiography, Astronomy on Ice, in 2004.
Sigurd Nørstebø
Sigurd Bjarne Nørstebø (17 January 1905 – 6 May 1976) was a Norwegian educationalist.

Born in Lesja Municipality, he first graduated from Levanger Teachers' College in 1927. After working as a schoolteacher and studying further, he took the mag.art. degree in 1939 with a thesis on John Dewey.

He became a docent at the Norwegian College of Teaching in 1946 and was promoted to professor in 1953. He also served as rector of the Norwegian College of Teaching from 1953 to 1956, prorector from 1959 to 1962 and rector again from 1962 to 1963. He served at the NAVF council and was elected to the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters. He died in May 1976.

Lesja Municipality
Lesja is a municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Gudbrandsdal. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Lesja. Other villages in the municipality include Bjorli, Lesjaskog, Lesjaverk, and Lora.

The 2,259.49-square-kilometre (872.39 sq mi) municipality is the 25th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Lesja Municipality is the 281st most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 2,006. The municipality's population density is 0.9 inhabitants per square kilometre (2.3/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 4.5% over the previous 10-year period.
1990 Maryland county executive elections
The Maryland county executive elections of 1990 took place on November 6, 1990. Anne Arundel County, Baltimore County, Harford County, Howard County, Montgomery County, and Prince George's County elected county executives.

Harford County, Maryland
Harford County is a county located in the U.S. state of Maryland. As of the 2020 census, the population was 260,924. Its county seat is Bel Air. Harford County is part of the Baltimore metropolitan area and the Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area. The county is part of the Central Maryland region of the state.
Reformed Church of France
The Reformed Church of France (French: Église réformée de France, ERF) was the main Protestant denomination in France with a Calvinist orientation that could be traced back directly to John Calvin. In 2013, the Church merged with the Evangelical Lutheran Church in France to form the United Protestant Church of France.

The church was a member of the Protestant Federation of France (Fédération protestante de France), the World Communion of Reformed Churches and the World Council of Churches.

The church had approximately 300,000 members at the time of merger, distributed in a somewhat unequal fashion throughout French metropolitan territory, with the exception of Alsace-Moselle and the Pays de Montbéliard, as the Protestant Reformed Church of Alsace and Lorraine brings together most of the local Calvinists there. The church consists of 400 parishes, organised in 50 presbyteries (consistoires) and eight administrative regions.

Pays de Montbéliard Agglomération
Pays de Montbéliard Agglomération is the communauté d'agglomération, an intercommunal structure, centred on the city of Montbéliard. It is located in the Doubs department, in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region, eastern France. It was established in January 2017 by the merger of the former communauté d'agglomération du Pays de Montbéliard with 3 former communautés de communes and 9 other communes. In January 2024 the commune Dampjoux joined the agglomeration community. Its seat is in Montbéliard. Its area is 451.4 km2. Its population was 139,653 in 2021, of which 25,573 in Montbéliard proper.
1997–98 First League of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Statistics of First League of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the 1997–98 season.   It was contested only by Bosniak and Croatian clubs.  Serbian clubs played in the 1997–98 First League of the Republika Srpska.

First League of the Republika Srpska
The First League of the Republika Srpska (Croatian: Prva liga Republike Srpske; Serbian: Прва лига Републике Српске)  is a football league in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Together with the First League of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, it forms the second level of football in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The league champion is promoted to the Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Relegated teams fall to the Second League of the Republika Srpska.
Rugged-n-Raw
"Rugged-N-Raw" is the first single released from PMD's second solo album Business Is Business. The song made it to three different Billboard charts, gaining the most success on the Rap charts where it peaked at 19. PMD's fellow Hit Squad members Das EFX contribute verses to the song.

Hot Rap Songs
Hot Rap Songs (formerly known as Hot Rap Tracks and Hot Rap Singles) is a chart released weekly by Billboard in the United States. It lists the 25 most popular hip-hop/rap songs, calculated weekly by airplay on rhythmic and urban radio stations and sales in hip hop-focused or exclusive markets. Streaming data, digital downloads and All-Format radio stations were added to the methodology of determining chart rankings in 2012. From 1989 through 2001, it was based on how much the single sold in that given week.
Road Trips Volume 4 Number 5
Road Trips Volume 4 Number 5 is a live album by the rock band the Grateful Dead.  Subtitled Boston Music Hall 6–9–76, it includes the complete concert recorded on June 9, 1976, at the Boston Music Hall in Boston, Massachusetts.  It also includes six songs recorded on June 12, 1976 at the same venue.  The 17th of the Road Trips series of archival albums, it was released as a three-disc CD on November 1, 2011.

This album was the last in the Road Trips series. A new archival release program, entitled Dave's Picks, began in 2012.

Track 1 on Disc 1, "Cold Rain and Snow", contains a patch from the "Cold Rain and Snow" recorded on June 14, 1976. The patch from June 14, 1976 starts at the beginning of the track and ends at ~0:34.6 on the official release.

Boston Music Hall
The Boston Music Hall was a concert hall located on Winter Street in Boston, Massachusetts, with an additional entrance on Hamilton Place.

One of the oldest continuously operating theaters in the United States, it was built in 1852 and was the original home of the Boston Symphony Orchestra. The hall closed in 1900 and was converted into a vaudeville theater named the Orpheum Theatre. The Orpheum, which still stands today, was substantially rebuilt in 1915 by architect Thomas W. Lamb as a movie theater.

The hall has no connection with Boston's "Music Hall", a theater which is now known as the Wang Theatre.
Extinguishment of Aboriginal title in Canada
Extinguishment of Aboriginal title refers to the permanent elimination of Indigenous land rights through a deliberate and explicit act of the Crown. For most of Canada’s legal history, extinguishment was considered legally possible under certain conditions, but only through clear federal legislative acts. Courts have consistently held that extinguishment requires a “clear and plain intention” and cannot be inferred from broad or general government actions. Since the enactment of section 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982 on 17 April 1982, extinguishment is no longer permitted, and any government interference with Aboriginal rights must instead be justified as an infringement.

Section 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982
Section 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982 provides constitutional protection to the indigenous and treaty rights of indigenous peoples in Canada. The section, while within the Constitution of Canada, falls outside the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. The section does not define the term "aboriginal rights" or provide a closed list; some examples of the rights that section 35 has been found to protect are fishing, logging, hunting, the right to land (cf. aboriginal title) and the right to enforcement of treaties. There remains a debate over whether the right to indigenous self-government is included within section 35. As of 2006 the Supreme Court of Canada has made no ruling on the matter.  However, since 1995 the Government of Canada has had a policy recognizing the inherent right of self-government under section 35.
2002 Canberra Women's Classic – Doubles
Nicole Arendt and Ai Sugiyama were the defending champions, but Arendt chose not to participate and Sugiyama chose to participate in Sydney instead.

Nannie de Villiers and Irina Selyutina won the title, defeating Samantha Reeves and Adriana Serra Zanetti in the final, 6–2, 6–3.

Nannie de Villiers
Nannie de Villiers (born Esmé de Villiers, 5 January 1976) is a former professional tennis player who represented South Africa. She was born in neighbouring Namibia but moved at a young age.

De Villiers made her début in 1993, at the small ITF Johannesburg tournament. She also played her next event in her native country, in Pretoria, winning the doubles event. Although she officially retired in 2003, she made a minor-comeback in 2007, entering the Cape Town event, losing in the first round singles and reaching the semifinals doubles. She never surpassed the singles qualifying stages at a Grand Slam tournament.

Despite never winning a WTA Tour singles title, she won four on the ITF Circuit, and 22 doubles titles there.

De Villiers retired from professional tennis in 2007.
Cara Hope
Cara Mai Hope (born 24 November 1993) is a Welsh Rugby Union professional player who plays prop for the Wales women's national rugby union team and for Gloucester-Hartpury in the Premier 15s.

Hope announced a hiatus from international rugby in July 2023 on her Instagram, citing the difficulty in balancing her rugby career with her medical career studies at Swansea University Medical School.

Welsh Rugby Union
The Welsh Rugby Union (WRU; Welsh: Undeb Rygbi Cymru) is the governing body of rugby union in the country of Wales, recognised by the sport's international governing body, World Rugby.

The WRU is responsible for the running of rugby in Wales, overseeing 320 member clubs, the Welsh national team and National Leagues and Cups. The WRU is headed by the President (Terry Cobner), chairman (Richard Collier-Keywood) and CEO (Abi Tierney).
Sandouville Renault Factory
The Sandouville Renault Factory is a car plant belonging to the Renault Group, established in 1964 at Sandouville in the Seine-Maritime department, not far from the port of Le Havre.   Work began on its construction in July 1963 and the factory was in most respects completed by December 1964.

Seine-Maritime
Seine-Maritime (French pronunciation: [sɛn maʁitim] ⓘ) is a department of France in the Normandy region of northern France. It is situated on the northern coast of France, at the mouth of the Seine, and includes the cities of Rouen and Le Havre. Until 1955 it was named Seine-Inférieure. It had a population of 1,255,633 in 2019.
Treves (surname)
Treves is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Abraham ben Solomon Treves (16th century), Italian rabbi

Alex Treves (1929–2020), Italian-born American fencer

Claudio Treves (1869–1933), Italian politician, father of Paolo

Fabio Treves (born 1949), Italian musician

François Trèves (born 1930), French mathematician

Sir Frederick Treves, 1st Baronet (1853–1923), British surgeon

Frederick Treves (actor) (1925–2012), English actor, great-nephew of Sir Frederick, father of Simon

Naphtali Hirsch Treves (16th century), German kabbalist

Paolo Treves (1908–1958), Italian politician, son of Claudio

Renato Treves (1907–1992), Italian sociologist

Simon Treves (born 1957), English actor, son of Frederick

Vanni Treves (1940–2019), Italian-British television executive

Vanni Treves
Vanni Emanuele Treves CBE (1940 – 10 November 2019) was a British business executive. He was Chairman of Channel 4 (1998–2003), a senior partner of City law firm Macfarlanes, and Chairman (2001–2009) of Equitable Life.
Albert Grunow
Albert Grunow (3 November 1826, Berlin – 17 March 1914, Berndorf, Lower Austria) was a German-Austrian chemist and phycologist. He specialized in the study of diatoms.

From 1851 he worked as a chemist in a metal works factory in Berndorf. In 1857-59 he participated in the Austrian "Novara Expedition", and was tasked with analysis of its algal collections. Also, he served as a collector, preparator and determiner of specimens towards the development of Gottlob Ludwig Rabenhorst's diatom exsiccatae. Grunow himself co-edited two exsiccata series, one of them under the title Algae Ceylanicae, legit W. Ferguson, determ. A. Grunow with William Ferguson, the other under the title Types du synopsis de Diatomees de Belgique par le Dr. Henri Van Heurck. Déterminations, notes et diagnoses par M. A. Grunow with Henri van Heurck.

In 1901 he donated his collection of extant and fossil diatoms to the Natural History Museum of Vienna. He was a corresponding member of the Geologischen Reichsanstalt.

Natural History Museum, Vienna
The Natural History Museum Vienna (German: Naturhistorisches Museum Wien) is a large natural history museum located in Vienna, Austria.

The NHM Vienna is one of the largest museums and non-university research institutions in Austria and an important center of excellence for all matters relating to natural sciences. The museum's 39 exhibition rooms cover 8,460 square meters and present more than 100,000 objects. It is home to 30 million objects available to more than 60 scientists and numerous guest researchers who carry out basic research in a wide range of topics related to human sciences, earth sciences, and life sciences.

The Index Herbariorum code assigned to this museum is W and it is used when citing housed herbarium specimens.
Pandi (film)
Pandi is a 2008 Indian Tamil-language masala film written and directed by Rasu Madhuravan. It stars Raghava Lawrence and Sneha in the lead roles, while Namitha, Nassar, Saranya Ponvannan, and Sriman play supporting roles. The film was released on 23 May 2008. It was an average success.

Sriman (actor)
Kumaravatha Srinivasa Reddy (born 14 February 1972), better known professionally as Sriman, is an Indian actor who appears primarily in Tamil films, and also some Telugu films. He is primarily known for his prominent character roles in Sethu (1999), Friends (2001) Panchathanthiram (2002), Aayutha Ezhuthu (2004),  Pokkiri (2007), Aegan (2008), Muni 2: Kanchana (2011) and Kanchana 2 (2015). He is the son of noted producer Prakash Reddy. He has acted in over 135 films in his illustrious career.
Jess (programming language)
Jess is a rule engine for the Java computing platform, written in the Java programming language. It was developed by Ernest Friedman-Hill of Sandia National Laboratories. It is a superset of the CLIPS language. It was first written in late 1995. The language provides rule-based programming for the automation of an expert system, and is often termed as an expert system shell. In recent years, intelligent agent systems have also developed, which depend on a similar ability.

Rather than a procedural paradigm, where one program has a loop that is activated only one time, the declarative paradigm used by Jess applies a set of rules to a set of facts continuously by a process named pattern matching. Rules can modify the set of facts, or can execute any Java code. It uses the Rete algorithm to execute rules.

Loop (statement)
In computer programming, a loop is a control flow statement that allows code to be executed repeatedly, usually with minor alterations between repetitions. Loops can be used to perform a repeated action on all items in a collection, or to implement a long lived program.