hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Electromagnetic tensor
In electromagnetism, the electromagnetic tensor or electromagnetic field tensor (sometimes called the field strength tensor, Faraday tensor or Maxwell bivector) is a mathematical object that describes the electromagnetic field in spacetime.  The field tensor was developed by Arnold Sommerfeld after the four-dimensional tensor formulation of special relativity was introduced by Hermann Minkowski.: 22  The tensor allows related physical laws to be written concisely, and allows for the quantization of the electromagnetic field by the Lagrangian formulation described below.

Arnold Sommerfeld
Arnold Johannes Wilhelm Sommerfeld (German: [ˈaʁnɔlt ˈzɔmɐˌfɛlt]; 5 December 1868 – 26 April 1951) was a German theoretical physicist who pioneered developments in both atomic and quantum physics, and also educated and mentored many students for the new era of theoretical physics.

Sommerfeld served as doctoral advisor and postdoctoral advisor to seven Nobel Prize winners and supervised at least 30 other famous physicists and chemists.

Sommerfeld introduced the second quantum number, azimuthal quantum number, and the third quantum number, magnetic quantum number. He also introduced the fine-structure constant and pioneered X-ray wave theory.
Stoebe
Stoebe is a genus of plants in the tribe Gnaphalieae within the family Asteraceae. The genus is confined to the Cape Provinces of South Africa.

Species

formerly included

A few dozen species now regarded as members of other genera: Dicerothamnus Dolichothrix Disparago Gongyloglossa Helichrysum Metalasia Myrovernix Seriphium Trichogyne

Cape Provinces
The Cape Provinces of South Africa is a biogeographical area used in the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD). It is part of the WGSRPD region 27 Southern Africa. The area has the code "CPP". It includes the South African provinces of the Eastern Cape, the Northern Cape and the Western Cape, together making up most of the former Cape Province.

The area includes the Cape Floristic Region, the smallest of the six recognised floral kingdoms of the world, an area of extraordinarily high diversity and endemism, home to more than 9,000 vascular plant species, of which 69 percent are endemic.
Hooshmand Dehghan
Hooshmand Dehghan (born 1969) is an Iranian scholar and translator. His research focuses on Bábí studies and Islamic mysticism. He authored Ganj-i-Penhan (2016), a study of the life and works of Quddús. In this monograph, he performed codicological research to correct manuscript errors documented by Edward Granville Browne. The book has been cited by scholars Boris Handal and Stephen Lambden. Beyond Bábí studies, he has researched the influence of Konya on Rumi's poetry and translated thirteen books into Persian, including works by Rumi scholar William Chittick. However, some of his translations, including Andrew Mango’s Atatürk, have been subject to criticism by reviewers. Alongside his research and translation work, Dehghan was arrested in 2012 for his religious beliefs. He was later released after serving a portion of his sentence.

Babol
Babol (Persian: بابل; pronunciationⓘ) is a city in the Central District of Babol County, Mazandaran province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district. Babol is divided into two metropolitan areas (under Iranian law).
Blue Sky (manga)
Blue Sky (青い空があればそれでいい, Aoi Sora ga Areba Sore de Ii) is a one-shot Japanese manga written and illustrated by Yuko Kuwabara. It is licensed in North America by Digital Manga Publishing, which released the manga through its imprint, Juné, on July 8, 2008.

Digital Manga
Digital Manga is a California-based publishing company that licenses and releases Japanese manga, anime, and related merchandise in the English language.

Digital Manga also owns and operates eManga, a digital publishing site for manga and light novels, that publishes books and e-book editions of works from other publishers.

The non-publishing division includes Pop Japan Travel (a tour service) and several e-retail sites for books and for import products, including Akadot Retail and Yaoi Club.

Since 2011, Digital Manga has utilized Kickstarter for funds. The first Kickstarter project was to reprint Osamu Tezuka's titles, and the most successful project to be funded was to print the Finder series by Yamane Ayano.
MC Tha
Thaís Dayane da Silva (born 7 May 1993), known by the stage name MC Tha, is a Brazilian singer and songwriter.

She was born in the neighborhood of Tiradentes, on the outskirts of the east side of São Paulo. Her parents separated when she was still a child, having a younger brother. Since childhood she liked to write poems. She grew up listening to different musical rhythms. At home, with her mother, she listened to samba, pagode and country music. When she visited her father, she listened to forró and brega.

Her debut album Rito de Passá was considered one of the 25 best Brazilian albums of the second half of 2019 by the São Paulo Association of Art Critics.

Forró
The term forró (Brazilian Portuguese pronunciation: [fɔˈʁɔ]) refers to a musical genre, a rhythm, a dance and the event itself where forró music is played and danced. Forró is an important part of the culture of the Northeastern Region of Brazil. It encompasses various dance types as well as a number of different musical genres. Their music genres and dances have gained widespread popularity in all regions of Brazil, especially during the Brazilian June Festivals. Forró has also become increasingly popular all over the world, with a well-established forró scene in Europe.
Longdon (surname)
Longdon is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Albert Longdon (1865–1937), English cricketer

Anthony Longdon, Grenadian boxer

Darryl Longdon (born 2000), American soccer player

David Longdon (born 1965), British musician

Jennifer Longdon, American politician

Terence Longdon (1922–2011), English actor

David Longdon
David Longdon (17 June 1965 – 20 November 2021) was a British singer and multi-instrumentalist, who was best known as the lead vocalist and co-songwriter of the progressive rock band Big Big Train. Besides singing, Longdon played flute, keyboards, acoustic and electric 6 & 12 string guitars, bass, mandolin, lute, banjo, accordion, percussion, dulcimer, psaltry, vibraphone, theremin and glockenspiel.
Rise Me
Rise Me (stylized as Rise me) is the eighth studio album by Japanese singer Shizuka Kudo. It was released on April 1, 1993, through Pony Canyon. Rise Me is Kudo's last album to be produced by Tsugutoshi Gotō. It yielded Kudo's best-selling single, "Dōkoku".

Pony Canyon
Pony Canyon Inc. (株式会社ポニーキャニオン, Kabushiki gaisha Ponī Kyanion), also known by the shorthand form Ponican (ぽにきゃん, Ponikyan), is a Japanese company, established on October 1, 1966, which distributes music, films, home video, and video games. It is affiliated with the Japanese media group Fujisankei Communications Group. Pony Canyon is a major leader in the music industry in Japan, with its artists regularly at the top of the Japanese charts. Pony Canyon is also responsible for releasing taped concerts from its artists as well as many anime productions and several film productions.

Pony Canyon is headquartered in Tokyo with offices in Taiwan and South Korea. It employs approximately 360 people. Pony Canyon also owns the recording label Flight Master.
Maids of honour tart
Maids of honour tart (also known as maids of honour cake and Richmond maids of honour) is a traditional English baked tart consisting of a puff pastry shell filled with cheese curds.  A variation is to add jam or almonds and nutmeg.   Traditionally the tart was a puff pastry filled with sweetened milk curds.

Nutmeg
Nutmeg is the seed, or the ground spice derived from the seed, of several tree species of the genus Myristica; fragrant nutmeg or true nutmeg (M. fragrans) is a dark-leaved evergreen tree cultivated for two spices derived from its fruit: nutmeg, from its seed, and mace, from the seed covering. It is also a commercial source of nutmeg essential oil and nutmeg butter. The Banda Islands, in Maluku, Indonesia, are the main producer of nutmeg and mace, and the true nutmeg tree is native to the islands.

Nutmeg and mace, commonly used as food spices, have been traditionally employed for their psychoactive and aphrodisiac effects, though clinical evidence is lacking. High doses can cause serious toxic effects including acute psychosis, with risks heightened during pregnancy and with psychiatric conditions.

Conifers of the genus Torreya, commonly known as the nutmeg yews, have edible seeds of similar appearance, but are not closely related to M. fragrans, and are not used as a spice.
Seventh Avenue (Islamabad)
Seventh Avenue, also known as the Ahmed Nadeem Qasmi Avenue, is a signal free road located in Islamabad. It starts from the intersection on Khayaban-e-Iqbal (Margalla Road) near Islamabad Zoo, and ends at the intersection on Srinagar Highway.

Seventh Avenue was built at a cost of about PKR 70 million. Recently, local traffic police decided to install speed cameras on the road to check over speeding motorists.

On 25 February 2017, the Capital Development Authority decided to rename the road after the late writer Ahmad Nadeem Qasmi.

Ahmad Nadeem Qasmi
Ahmad Nadeem Qasmi (born Ahmad Shah Awan; 20 November 1916 – 10 July 2006) was a Pakistani Urdu language poet, journalist, literary critic, dramatist and short story author.

He wrote 50 books on poetry, fiction, criticism, journalism and art. He was a major figure in contemporary Urdu literature. His poetry was distinguished by its humanism, and his Urdu afsana (short story) work is considered by some second only to Munshi Premchand in its depiction of rural culture. He was also the editor and publisher of the literary magazine Funoon for almost half a century. He received awards such as the Pride of Performance in 1968 and Sitara-e-Imtiaz in 1980 for his literary work.

Gulzar, one of the most influential writers in modern India, called him his mentor and guru.
The Road Goes On Forever (The Highwaymen album)
The Road Goes on Forever is the third and final studio album by the American country music supergroup the Highwaymen. It was released on April 4, 1995, on Liberty Records and reached 45 on the U.S. Billboard Top Country Albums chart.
The title track of this album was written by Robert Earl Keen, Jr. and originally recorded on his 1989 album, West Textures.

West Textures
West Textures is an album by Texas-based folk singer-songwriter Robert Earl Keen (credited on this album as Robert Earl Keen, Jr.), released in the United States in 1989 on Sugar Hill. It is notable for the track "The Road Goes On Forever" which has become one of Keen's signature songs and has been covered by other bands including the country supergroup The Highwaymen.
Space For Humanity
Space For Humanity, also known as S4H, is a non-profit organization with headquarters in Denver, Colorado. Founded in 2017 by Dylan Taylor, Space for Humanity is organizing a sponsored Citizen Astronaut Program, where leaders can apply for an opportunity to go to space and experience the "Overview effect," a cognitive shift that occurs in many people after viewing the Earth from space.

Space
Space is a three-dimensional continuum containing positions and directions. In classical physics, physical space is often conceived in three linear dimensions. Modern physicists usually consider it, with time, to be part of a boundless four-dimensional continuum known as spacetime. The concept of space is considered to be of fundamental importance to an understanding of the physical universe. However, disagreement continues between philosophers over whether it is itself an entity, a relationship between entities, or part of a conceptual framework.

In the 19th and 20th centuries mathematicians began to examine geometries that are non-Euclidean, in which space is conceived as curved, rather than flat, as in the Euclidean space. According to Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity, space around gravitational fields deviates from Euclidean space. Experimental tests of general relativity have confirmed that non-Euclidean geometries provide a better model for the shape of space.
Neuromuscular disease
A neuromuscular disease is any disease affecting the peripheral nervous system (PNS), the neuromuscular junctions, or skeletal muscles, all of which are components of the motor unit. Damage to any of these structures can cause muscle atrophy and weakness. Issues with sensation can also occur.

Neuromuscular diseases can be acquired or genetic. Mutations of more than 650 genes have shown to be causes of neuromuscular diseases. Other causes include nerve or muscle degeneration, autoimmunity, toxins, medications, malnutrition, metabolic derangements, hormone imbalances, infection, nerve compression/entrapment, comprised blood supply, and trauma.

Toxin
A toxin is a naturally occurring poison produced by metabolic activities of living cells or organisms. They occur especially as proteins, often conjugated. The term was first used by organic chemist Ludwig Brieger (1849–1919), derived from toxic.

Toxins can be small molecules, peptides, or proteins that are capable of causing disease on contact with or absorption by body tissues interacting with biological macromolecules such as enzymes or cellular receptors. They vary greatly in their toxicity, ranging from usually minor (such as a bee sting) to potentially fatal even at extremely low doses (such as botulinum toxin).
Francesca P. Roberts
Francesca P. Roberts (born December 19, 1953) is an American film and television actress known for playing Big Bertha in the live action movie Super Mario Bros. in 1993, as well as Anita Craig in ABC's sitcom TV series Baby Talk, which lasted from 1991 to 1992, and Anna-May in Frank's Place.

Live action
Live action is a form of cinematography or videography that uses photography instead of animation. Some works combine live action with animation to create a live-action animated feature film. Live action is used to define film, video games or similar visual media.

Photorealistic animation, particularly modern computer animation, is sometimes erroneously described as "live action", as in the case of some media reports about Disney's The Lion King (2019 remake). According to the Cambridge English Dictionary, live action involves "real people or animals, not models, or images that are drawn, or produced by computer".
John George Burnett
John George Burnett, OBE (30 March 1876 –  20 January 1962) was Unionist MP for Aberdeen North from 1931 to 1935, defeating William Wedgwood Benn at the 1931 general election.

The son of Dr George Burnett, sometime Lord Lyon King of Arms, he was educated at Trinity College, Glenalmond and Magdalen College, Oxford. he was subsequently called to the English bar by the Inner Temple.

He was secretary of the Aberdeen War Pensions Committee from 1915 to 1920 and a member of the Aberdeen Town Council from 1928 to 1931. He became a member of the Scottish Departmental Committee on Housing.

He was appointed an OBE in the 1946 New Year Honours for his services as County Army Welfare Officer for Aberdeenshire and Kincardineshire.

He lost his seat in 1935 to Mr George M. Garro-Jones (Labour)

Veterans Advisory and Pensions Committee
The Veterans Advisory and Pensions Committees, formerly the War Pensions Committees, are regional committees established to support veterans and their families in the United Kingdom. Members are appointed by defence ministers but they work independently of the UK Ministry of Defence.
Pearl of China
Pearl of China: A Novel is a 2010 novel by Anchee Min, published by Bloomsbury.

The fictional narrative involves Pearl Buck becoming friends with a Chinese girl named Willow Yee. The two experience historical events. The climax of the novel involves Jiang Qing asking Willow to criticize Buck, and Willow chooses not to.

MPR News described the work as being "deeply personal" to Min.

Publishers Weekly described Willow as "fiercely loyal".

Minnesota Public Radio
Minnesota Public Radio (MPR) is a public radio network for the US state of Minnesota. With its three services, News & Information, YourClassical MPR and The Current, MPR operates a 46-station regional radio network in the upper Midwest.

MPR has won more than 875 journalism awards, including the Peabody Award, both the RTNDA Edward R. Murrow Award and the Corporation for Public Broadcasting award of the same name, and the Alfred I. duPont-Columbia University Gold Baton Award. As of September 2011, MPR was tied with WNYC for most listener support for a public radio network, and had the highest level of recurring monthly donors of any public radio network in the nation.

MPR also produces and distributes national public radio programming via American Public Media.
Pilot Point Airport
Pilot Point Airport (IATA: PIP, ICAO: PAPN, FAA LID: PNP) is a state-owned, public-use airport located in Pilot Point, a city in the Lake and Peninsula Borough of the U.S. state of Alaska. Scheduled airline service to King Salmon Airport is provided by Grant Aviation.

As per Federal Aviation Administration records, this airport had 738 commercial passenger boardings (enplanements) in calendar year 2008, an increase of 9% from the 678 enplanements in 2007. Pilot Point Airport is included in the FAA's National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems (2009–2013), which categorizes it as a general aviation facility.

Although most U.S. airports use the same three-letter location identifier for the FAA and IATA, this airport is assigned PNP by the FAA and PIP by the IATA (which assigned PNP to Girua Airport in Popondetta, Papua New Guinea).

King Salmon Airport
King Salmon Airport (IATA: AKN, ICAO: PAKN, FAA LID: AKN) is a state-owned public-use airport located just southeast of King Salmon, in the Bristol Bay Borough of the U.S. state of Alaska. It was formerly the Naknek Air Force Base, named for its location near the Naknek River.

As per Federal Aviation Administration records, the airport had 42,310 passenger boardings ( enplanements ) in calendar year 2008, 40,637 enplanements in 2009, and 41,514 in 2010. It is included in the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2021–2025, in which it is categorized as a non-hub primary commercial service facility.
Mamerki
Mamerki [maˈmɛrki] (German: Mauerwald) is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Węgorzewo, within Węgorzewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. It is located in the historic region of Masuria, at the point where the Masurian Canal and Lake Mamry meet.

It is located near the town of Węgorzewo and close to the border with the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia.

A bunker complex, former headquarters of the Supreme Command of the Land Forces (OKH) from World War II, is located in Mamerki. Now it houses a museum.

Lake Mamry
Mamry (German: Mauersee, Lithuanian: Mauras) is a lake in the Masurian Lake District of Poland's Warmia-Mazury Province. It is the second largest lake in Poland, with an area of 104 square kilometres (40 sq mi). The lake's maximum depth is 44 metres (144 ft) with an average depth of 11 metres (36 ft).

It comprises six connected lakes: Mamry, Kirsajty, Kisajno, Dargin, Święcajty and Dobskie. Mamry features 33 islands, totaling 213 hectares (530 acres), some of which are ornithological reserves.

Lake Mamry is a popular tourist destination. It is connected to the Pregolya and the Baltic Sea by the abandoned Masurian Canal. The largest town on the lake shore is Giżycko.

The lake bottom is diversified, with numerous depressions and shallows, while the northern part is considerably deeper, and the bottom is overgrown with raised vegetation and underwater meadows with horsetails. The shores of the lake are mostly low and marshy, partly overgrown with forest.
Lilah Yasin
Lilah bin Yasin (born 26 March 1957) is a Malaysian politician. He was the member of the Negeri Sembilan State Legislative Assembly for Palong (2013-2018), Serting (1995-2008) and Batu Kikir (1986-1995). From 2008 to 2013 he was the Member of the Parliament of Malaysia for the Jempol constituency in Negeri Sembilan. He is a member of the United Malay National Organisation (UMNO) party in the governing Barisan Nasional coalition.

In addition, Lilah used to be a member of the State Executive Council of Negeri Sembilan, and held the State Assembly seat of Serting until 2008. He was elected to federal Parliament in the 2008 election, winning the seat of Jempol. In 2013 he returned to the Negeri Sembilan State Assembly, winning the seat of Palong, while the former Negeri Sembilan Chief Minister Mohd Isa Abdul Samad assumed UMNO's nomination for Jempol.

Parliament of Malaysia
The Parliament of Malaysia (Malay: Parlimen Malaysia; Jawi: ‏ڤرليمن مليسيا‎) is the national legislature of Malaysia, based on the Westminster system. The bicameral parliament consists of the Dewan Rakyat (House of Representatives, lit. "People's Assembly") and the Dewan Negara (Senate, lit. "State Assembly"). The Yang di-Pertuan Agong (King), as the head of state, is the third component of Parliament.

The Parliament assembles in the Malaysian Houses of Parliament, located in the national capital city of Kuala Lumpur.

The term "Member of Parliament (MP)" usually refers to a member of the Dewan Rakyat, the lower house of the Parliament. The term "Senator" usually refers to a member of the Dewan Negara, the upper house of the Parliament.
Sleetmute, Alaska
Sleetmute (Central Yupik: Cellitemiut; Deg Xinag: Tovisq'oł) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Bethel Census Area, Alaska, United States. At the 2010 census the population was 86, down from 100 in 2000.

The Sleetmute Airport (IATA: SLQ) is a small, one-runway serving the Sleetmute area. It has departures to Aniak and Stony River via Ryan Air. It also accepts arrivals from Anchorage and Port Alsworth.

Ryan Air Services
Ryan Air, Inc., is an American airline that serves over 70 villages in Bush Alaska out of hubs in Anchorage, Aniak, Bethel, Emmonak, Kotzebue, Nome, St. Mary's, and Unalakleet. Offering primarily cargo services, Ryan Air also operates scheduled passenger service out of Aniak, and passenger or cargo charters throughout Alaska.
HMS Demerara
Two vessels of the British Royal Navy have been named Demerara for Demerara:

HMS Demerara (1804) was the mercantile schooner Anna that the British Royal Navy purchased in 1804. A French privateer captured her that same year and Demerara became the French privateer Hebe. She had an unsuccessful single-ship action in 1806. The Royal Navy recaptured her and she returned to service that year as HMS Anna. She was broken up in 1809.

HMS Demerara (1806) was the French privateer Cosmopoli, launched, captured, and purchased in 1806. She spent her entire career in the West Indies. In 1809 she participated in the capture of Martinique. Demerara was sold in 1813.

HMS Demerara (1806)
HMS Demerara was the French privateer Cosmopoli, launched, captured, and purchased in 1806. She spent her entire career in the West Indies. In 1809 she participated in the capture of Martinique. Demerara was sold in 1813.
Adam Kennedy (American football)
Adam Kennedy (born May 11, 1991) is an American former professional football quarterback who played in the Arena Football League (AFL). He played college football at Arkansas State University after transferring out of Utah State University and San Joaquin Delta College.

Arkansas State University
Arkansas State University (A-State or ASU) is a public research university in Jonesboro, Arkansas, United States. It is the flagship campus of the Arkansas State University System and the second-largest university in the state. The university was founded in 1909 and is located atop 1,376 acres (557 hectares) on Crowley's Ridge.

Arkansas State University is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".