hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
ICL cartridges
ICL cartridges (ICL stands for Increased Case Load) are rare hunting wildcat cartridges developed by Arnold & Vern Juenke, gunsmiths who owned Saturn Gun Works in Reno, Nevada.
ICL cartridges are wildcats based on conventional cases in use at the time. They feature a 45 degree shoulder and the sides are straightened out compared to the parent cartridge. Most of the cartridges are considered improved cartridges since they simply create more powder space while maintaining the same caliber as the parent cartridge. Most of the line of cartridges carries an animal name in addition to a numeric designation. It is one of the most complete lines of wildcats, having a large number of cartridges with a variety of calibers.

Quality Cartridge is the only manufacturer making new brass cases correctly headstamped for many ICL cartridges.

Headstamp
A headstamp is the markings on the bottom of a cartridge case designed for a firearm. It usually tells who manufactured the case. If it is a civilian case it often also tells the caliber: if it is military, the year of manufacture is often added.

The headstamp is punched into the base of the cartridge during manufacture.  A resource for identifying where the ammunition originated can be found at Cartridge Collectors.
Walnut Hill Cemetery (Council Bluffs, Iowa)
Walnut Hill Cemetery is a cemetery located in Council Bluffs, Iowa. The land for the cemetery was platted in 1860, with thirty acres being dedicated to that purpose, and a major reorganization was carried out in the early 1910s.

Notable people interred there include Charles Edward Swanson (1879–1970), William Henry Mills Pusey (1826–1900), Joseph Rea Reed (1835–1925), and Grenville Mellen Dodge (1831–1916).

Grenville M. Dodge
Grenville Mellen Dodge (April 12, 1831  – January 3, 1916) was a Union Army general on the frontier and a pioneering figure in military intelligence during the Civil War, who served as Ulysses S. Grant's intelligence chief in the Western Theater. He served in several notable assignments, including command of the XVI Corps during the Atlanta campaign.

He later commanded troops against Native Americans and served as a US Congressman, businessman, and railroad executive who helped direct the construction of the Transcontinental Railroad. Historian Stanley P. Hirshon suggested that Dodge, "by virtue of the range of his abilities and activities," could be considered "more important in the national life after the Civil War than his more famous colleagues and friends, Grant, Sherman, and Sheridan."
Putna County
Putna County was a county (Romanian: județ) in the Kingdom of Romania, in southern Moldavia. The county seat was Focșani.

The county was located in the central-eastern part of Greater Romania, in the south of Moldavia. Today, most of the territory of the former county is part of Vrancea County. The county was bordered on the north by Bacău County, to the east by Tecuci County, to the south by the counties of Râmnicu Sărat and Buzău, and to the west by Trei-Scaune County.

Vrancea County
Vrancea (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈvrant͡ʃe̯a]) is a county (județ) in Romania, with its seat at Focșani. It is mostly in the historical region of Moldavia but the southern part, below the Milcov River, is in Muntenia.
Timothy Stoen
Timothy Oliver Stoen (born January 16, 1938) is an American attorney best known for his central role as a member of the Peoples Temple, and as an opponent of the group during a multi-year custody battle over his six-year-old son, John. The custody battle triggered a chain of events which led to U.S. Representative Leo Ryan's investigation into the Temple's remote settlement of Jonestown in northern Guyana, which became internationally notorious in 1978 after 918 people – including Stoen's son – died in the settlement and on a nearby airstrip. Stoen continued to work as a deputy district attorney in Mendocino County, California, where he was assigned to the District Attorney's Fort Bragg office.  Stoen later joined the Mendocino County Public Defenders. He is now in the private practice of law.

Fort Bragg, California
Fort Bragg is a city along the North Coast of California in Mendocino County. The city is 24 miles (39 km) west of Willits, at an elevation of 85 feet (26 m). Its population was 6,983 at the 2020 census.

Fort Bragg is a tourist destination because of its views of the Pacific Ocean. Among its points of interest are Glass Beach and the California Western Railroad (popularly known as the "Skunk Train").

A California Historical Landmark, Fort Bragg was founded in 1857 prior to the American Civil War as a military garrison rather than a fortification. It was named after army officer Braxton Bragg, who at the time had served the U.S. in the Mexican–American War (and would later serve in the Confederate Army during the Civil War). The city was incorporated in 1889.
Charles B. Letton
Charles B. Letton (c. 1854 – May 1, 1932) was a justice of the Nebraska Supreme Court from 1906 to 1925.

Letton's family emigrated from Scotland in 1869 and became homesteaders in Jefferson County, Nebraska. Letton attended the local schools and read law in the office of Slocumb & Hambel, gaining admission to the bar in Jefferson County in 1881. He served as a county prosecutor for four yearsm, from 1885 to 1889, and as a district judge for eight years, for a district covering six counties in southwestern Nebraska. He was elected as a Republican to the state supreme court in November 1905, defeating Democrat William G. Hastings by a substantial majority.

He was twice reelected to the supreme court, serving for 19 years, announcing his retirement at the end of 1924, effective January 8, 1925. From 1927 until his death, he served as state librarian and clerk of the supreme court.

Letton died of a heart attack in Lincoln, Nebraska, at the age of 78.

Reading law
Reading law was the primary method used in common law countries, particularly the United States, for people to prepare for and enter the legal profession before the advent of law schools. In Commonwealth countries, becoming an articled clerk was a similar practice.

It consisted of an extended internship or apprenticeship under the tutelage or mentoring of an experienced lawyer. The practice largely died out in the early 20th century. A few U.S. states, namely California, Maine, New York, Vermont, Virginia and Washington, still permit people to become lawyers by reading law instead of attending some or all of law school, although the practice is uncommon.

In this sense, "reading law" specifically refers to a means of entering the profession, although in England it is still customary to say that a university undergraduate is "reading" a course, which may be law or any other.
Urfa resistance
The Urfa resistance (Armenian: Ուրֆայի հերոսամարտի, Turkish: Urfa İsyanı) was an effort by some Ottoman Armenians in Urfa to defend themselves against the Armenian genocide launched by the Ottoman Empire.  The resistance was quelled following German intervention.

Armenians in the Ottoman Empire
Armenians were a significant minority in the Ottoman Empire. They belonged to either the Armenian Apostolic Church, the Armenian Catholic Church, or the Armenian Protestant Church, each church serving as the basis of a millet. They played a crucial role in Ottoman industry and commerce, and Armenian communities existed in almost every major city of the empire. The majority of the Armenian population made up a reaya, or peasant class, in Western Armenia. Since the latter half the 19th century, the Armenians of the Ottoman Empire sought more autonomy and protection in what was part of the Armenian Question. Armenians were persecuted by Ottoman authorities and their Kemalist successors, especially from the latter half of the 19th century, culminating in the Armenian Genocide.
Charles A. Hawley
Charles Augustus Hawley (March 13, 1861 – July 22, 1929) was an American orthodontist who developed the Hawley retainer which is used in the field of orthodontics. He attended Angle School of Orthodontia and graduated in 1905.

Angle School of Orthodontia
Angle School of Orthodontia was the first school of orthodontics in the world, established by Edward Angle in 1899. The school taught its students orthodontics over a period of 3–6 weeks. The school graduated 183 students until it closed in 1927. Among the graduates, 25 students became presidents of the American Association of Orthodontists, 11 students became head of orthodontic departments and three students became dental school deans.
George Hackwill
Captain George Henry Hackwill MC (22 December 1892 – 4 July 1954) was an English World War I flying ace credited with nine aerial victories. His most notable victory was his role in shooting down a German Gotha G.V, over Essex on the night of 28 January 1918. This was the first victory ever achieved in combat between aircraft at night.

Somerset Light Infantry
The Somerset Light Infantry (Prince Albert's) was a light infantry regiment of the British Army, which served under various titles from 1685 to 1959. In 1959, the regiment was amalgamated with the Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry to form the Somerset and Cornwall Light Infantry which was again amalgamated, in 1968, with the King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry, the King's Shropshire Light Infantry, and the Durham Light Infantry to form The Light Infantry. In 2007, however, The Light Infantry was amalgamated further with the Devonshire and Dorset Regiment, the Royal Gloucestershire, Berkshire and Wiltshire Regiment, and the Royal Green Jackets to form The Rifles.
Palace Theatre (Syracuse, New York)
The Palace Theatre is a historic movie palace located in the Eastwood neighborhood of Syracuse, New York, United States. Built in 1922, it has been continuously operated by the same family for over 80 years.

Movie palace
A movie palace (or picture palace in the United Kingdom) is a large, elaborately decorated movie theater built from the 1910s to the 1940s. The late 1920s saw the peak of the movie palace, with hundreds opening every year between 1925 and 1930. With the rise of television in the 1950s, movie attendance dropped, while the rising popularity of large multiplex chains in the 1980s and 1990s signaled the obsolescence of single-screen theaters. Many movie palaces were razed or converted into multiple-screen venues or performing arts centers, though some have undergone restoration and reopened to the public as historic buildings.

There are three architectural design types of movie palaces: the classical-style movie palace, with opulent, luxurious architecture; the atmospheric theatre, which has an auditorium ceiling that resembles an open sky as a defining feature; and the Art Deco theaters that became popular in the 1930s.
Ed Kovens
Ed Kovens (June 26, 1934 – August 21, 2007) was an American SAG, AFTRA, and AEA actor. Furthermore he was a Method acting instructor based in New York City. He was a member of the Actors Studio and worked with the legendary Lee Strasberg.

American Federation of Television and Radio Artists
The American Federation of Television and Radio Artists (AFTRA) was a performers' union that represented a wide variety of talent, including actors in radio and television, radio and television announcers and newspersons, singers and recording artists (both royalty artists and background singers), promo and voice-over announcers and other performers in commercials, stunt persons and specialty acts—as the organization itself publicly stated, "AFTRA's membership includes an array of talent". On March 30, 2012, the members of AFTRA and of the Screen Actors Guild (SAG) voted to merge and form SAG-AFTRA.
2020 Launceston International – Men's doubles
Max Purcell and Luke Saville were the defending champions but only Purcell chose to defend his title, partnering Jake Delaney. Purcell lost in the first round to Harri Heliövaara and Sem Verbeek.

Evan King and Benjamin Lock won the title after defeating Kimmer Coppejans and Sergio Martos Gornés 3–6, 6–3, [10–8] in the final.

Sem Verbeek
Sem Verbeek (born 12 April 1994) is a Dutch tennis player who specializes in doubles.
He has a career high ATP doubles ranking of World No. 29 achieved on 19 May 2025. In 2025, Verbeek won the mixed doubles title at Wimbledon with Kateřina Siniaková. He is the current No. 3 Dutch doubles player. He also has a career-high in singles of No. 531 achieved on 15 April 2019.
3CLpro-1
3CLpro-1 is an antiviral drug related to rupintrivir which acts as a 3CL protease inhibitor and was originally developed for the treatment of human enterovirus 71. It is one of the most potent of a large series of compounds developed as inhibitors of the viral enzyme 3CL protease, with an in vitro IC50 of 200 nM. It also shows activity against coronavirus diseases such as SARS and MERS, and is under investigation as a potential treatment agent for the viral disease COVID-19.

Enterovirus 71
Enterovirus 71 (EV71), also known as Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71), is a virus of the genus Enterovirus in the Picornaviridae family, notable for its role in causing epidemics of severe neurological disease and hand, foot, and mouth disease in children. It was first isolated and characterized from cases of neurological disease in California in 1969.  Enterovirus 71 infrequently causes polio-like syndrome permanent paralysis.
Elizabeth Quadracci
Elizabeth Quadracci, also known as Betty Ewens Quadracci, founded the Sussex, Wisconsin based Quad/Graphics with her husband, Harry V. Quadracci and was the president of Quad Creative, the company's graphic design unit.

In 2024, Quad launched a new creative agency named Betty in her honor.

She was also a publisher, and eventually president, of Milwaukee Magazine.

Quad (company)
Quad is an American marketing services company headquartered in Sussex, Wisconsin. It provides a range of print and marketing services that support physical and digital media channels through audience targeting services, omnichannel media planning and placement, creative and content production, retail display and packaging, postal optimization, and consumer analytics.  In 2025, Quad ranked as one of the largest agency companies in the U.S. and as one of the largest commercial printers in North America.

Harry V. Quadracci founded Quad on July 13, 1971, as a privately owned printing company. In 2023, Quad had 43 manufacturing and distribution facilities and over 70 client-based on-site locations.  In 2025, Quad had approximately 11,000 employees around the world and approximately 2,100 clients.

Quad’s initial public offering was on July 6, 2010. It is traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol QUAD. The company reported $2.7 billion in net sales in 2024.
Claudio Moneta
Claudio Moneta (born 20 May 1967) is an Italian voice actor.

He voiced multiple characters in the internationally-coproduced animated series Monster Allergy and is well known in Italy for dubbing the voice of the title character in the Italian language version of the Nickelodeon animated series SpongeBob SquarePants and also Barney Stinson, portrayed by Neil Patrick Harris, in the sit-com How I Met Your Mother, Kakashi Hatake in Naruto and Naruto: Shippuden, Shadow the Hedgehog in the Sonic franchise, and Son Goku in Dragon Ball Super. The role of Kakashi Hatake was temporarily filled by fellow voice actor Gianluca Iacono between 2010 and 2011, due to a motorbike incident suffered by Moneta. He was also replaced in Mass Effect 2 because of that accident as well.

He has worked at Merak Film, Deneb Film, and other dubbing studios in Italy. Moneta is also the network announcer for the Mediaset owned channel Hiro.

The Hughleys
The Hughleys is an American television sitcom that aired on ABC from September 22, 1998, to April 28, 2000, and on UPN from September 11, 2000, to May 20, 2002. It was co-created by comedian D.L. Hughley and Matt Wickline and starred comedian Hughley as the main character, Darryl Hughley, and Elise Neal as Yvonne, his hard-working wife, who move their family from the inner city to suburban Los Angeles.
Pennsylvania House of Representatives, District 153
The 153rd Pennsylvania House of Representatives District is located in Montgomery County and includes the following areas:

Abington Township

Upper Dublin Township (PART)
District 02 [PART, Division 03]
District 04 [PART, Divisions 02 and 03]
District 05

Upper Dublin Township, Pennsylvania
Upper Dublin Township is an affluent township in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 26,665 at the 2020 census. Until the 1950s, Upper Dublin was mostly farmland and open space, but transitioned to a residential suburb during the postwar population boom. The population went from just over 6,000 residents in the 1950s to just under 20,000 by 1970. Today, Upper Dublin is mostly spread-out development housing, and has the fourth highest median income in Montgomery County.

Upper Dublin is made up of several community areas, many of which are unincorporated areas in Montgomery County with no legal status, and are used primarily by the US Postal Service. These community areas are portions of Ambler (19002) (excluding the Borough of Ambler), Dresher (19025), Fort Washington (19034), Jarrettown (19025), Maple Glen (19002), and small portions of Abington (19001), Ardsley (19038), North Hills (19038), Oreland (19075), and Willow Grove (19090).
Flöha station
Flöha station is an important station on the Dresden–Werdau railway in the town of Flöha in the German state of Saxony. From here, the railway lines to Pockau-Lengefeld and to Annaberg-Buchholz branch off.

Dresden–Werdau railway
The Dresden–Werdau railway is an electrified, double-track main line in the German state of Saxony. It runs from Dresden via Freiberg, Chemnitz and Zwickau to Werdau wye, where it joins the Leipzig-Hof railway.

The line was opened in several sections and its first section from Werdau to Zwickau was opened 1845, making it one of the oldest railways in Germany. The Dresden–Tharandt section was completed in 1855, the Chemnitz–Zwickau section followed in 1858, the line was extended from Tharandt to Freiberg in 1862 and the section from Chemnitz to Flöha was opened as part of the line to Annaberg in 1866. The entire line was not open until 1869, when the missing section from Freiberg-Flöha was opened. From then on the railway line developed into an important connection. It continues to be an important part of the so-called Saxon-Franconian trunk line (German: Sachsen-Franken-Magistrale) from Dresden to Nuremberg.
Vertical perspective
Vertical perspective may mean:

A form of perspective (graphical) used in Ancient Egypt, where nearer figures are shown below larger ones

The special case of the General Perspective projection where the camera (in space) directly faces the centre of the Earth

General Perspective projection
The General Perspective projection is a map projection. When the Earth is photographed from space, the camera records the view as a perspective projection. When the camera is aimed toward the center of the Earth, the resulting projection is called Vertical Perspective. When aimed in other directions, the resulting projection is called a Tilted Perspective.
Skanssi (shopping centre)
Skanssi is a shopping center located in the Skanssi district of Turku, Finland. It is located along Highway 1 (E18) near the Kaarina town and the distance to the center of Turku is about 4 kilometres (2.5 mi). The shopping center was inaugurated on April 17, 2009, and it is the second largest shopping center in the Turku region.

The shopping center has a gross floor area of 130,000 square meters and a leasable area of 40,000 square meters. It has parking space for 2,500 cars. The mall has about 100 stores, with six anchor stores including K-Citymarket, H&M, Stadium, Intersport, Clas Ohlson and XXL Sports & Outdoor.

Finnish national road 1
The Finnish national road 1 (Finnish: Valtatie 1 or Finnish: Ykköstie; Swedish: Riksväg 1) is the main route between the major cities of Helsinki and Turku in southern Finland. It runs from Munkkiniemi in Helsinki to the VI District of Turku, and is part of the European route E18. The road is a motorway for its whole length.
Polartec Big Air at Fenway
Polartec Big Air At Fenway is a big air snowboarding and skiing competition that took place on February 11–12, 2016. The spectacle was held at Fenway Park in Boston, Massachusetts, USA.  This is the first such event held at Fenway Park and was part of the  U.S. Grand Prix Tour and the International Ski Federation's World Tour. A 25,000 person audience was expected over the course of the two days. The Winter clothing brand, Polartec, chose to sign on as the title sponsor. Polartec's North American Marketing Manager, Darren Jorsey, stated, "We want to continue to invest in the sports that push the boundaries of athletes and their apparel”.

Big air
Big air is a high-injury-risk sports discipline where the competitor rides a vehicle, such as a motocross motorcycle, a skateboard, a snowboard, or a pair of skis, down a hill or ramp and performs aerial tricks after launching off very large jumps. In most versions, there is one large jump and therefore only one opportunity to perform a trick. It is an extreme version of slopestyle. Competitors perform complex tricks in the air, aiming to attain sizable height and distance as well, all while making every effort to secure a clean landing. Many competitions also require the rider to do a specific trick to win the major prize.
The term was coined by French-Canadians because of their love for the extreme nature of the event.
East Pomeranian offensive
The East Pomeranian strategic offensive operation (Russian: Восточно-Померанская наступательная операция) was an offensive by the Soviet Red Army against the German Wehrmacht on the Eastern Front. It took place in Pomerania and West Prussia from 10 February – 4 April 1945.

The operation happened in four phases:

Konitz-Köslin offensive operation 24 February – 6 March 1945

Danzig offensive operation 7–31 March 1945

Arnswalde–Kolberg offensive operation 1–18 March 1945

Altdamm offensive operation 18 March – 4 April 1945 (near Stettin)

It was the East Pomeranian offensive that prevented Zhukov from reaching Berlin in February (the object of the massive Vistula–Oder offensive), since it became a priority to clear German forces from Pomerania first.

Grudziądz
Grudziądz ([ˈɡrud͡ʑɔnt͡s] ⓘ; Latin: Graudentum, Graudentium, German: Graudenz) is a city in northern Poland, with 92,552 inhabitants (2021). Located on the Vistula River, it lies within the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship and is the fourth-largest city in its province.

Grudziądz is one of the oldest cities in north-central Poland, founded by King Bolesław I the Brave over 1000 years ago. The well-preserved Old Town has various Gothic and Baroque landmarks, several included on the European Route of Brick Gothic, most notably the unique Grudziądz Granaries, declared a Historic Monument of Poland. Grudziądz is a former royal city of Poland, and became known as the "City of Uhlans" being the location of the former Polish Cavalry Training Centre. Situated at the crossroads of important highways, it is a city of industry and services, and a noted centre for water sports and motorcycle speedway racing.
Anthony Umanzor
Anthony Umanzor (born March 29, 2008) is a soccer player who plays as a midfielder for Inter Toronto FC of the Canadian Premier League. Born in Canada, he represents El Salvador and previously represented Guatemala at the youth level.

Vaughan Azzurri
Vaughan Azzurri is a Canadian semi-professional soccer team based in Vaughan, Ontario, that currently competes in the League1 Ontario men's and women's divisions.  The semi-professional team was founded in 2014 by the Vaughan Soccer Club, which is a youth soccer club as part of their High Performance Program.