hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bombing of Padua in World War II
The bombing of Padua was a series of attacks by the United States Army Air Force and the Royal Air Force on the Italian city of Padua, Veneto, during World War II. These raids were aimed at disabling  Padua's marshalling yard, but also resulted in heavy damage to the city and civilian casualties.

Padua Cathedral
Padua Cathedral, or Basilica Cathedral of Saint Mary of the Assumption (Italian: Duomo di Padova; Basilica Cattedrale di Santa Maria Assunta), is a Catholic church and minor basilica located on the east end of Piazza Duomo, adjacent to the bishop's palace in Padua, Veneto, Italy.

The cathedral, dedicated to the Assumption of the Virgin Mary, is the seat of the Bishop of Padua. The church building, first erected as a cathedral in the 4th century, has undergone major reconstructions over the centuries.
Marijampolė County
Marijampolė County (Lithuanian: Marijampolės apskritis) is one of the ten counties in Lithuania. It is in the southwest of the country and roughly corresponds to the historical region of Sudovia. Its capital and the largest town is Marijampolė. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Marijampolė County remains as a territorial and statistical unit.

It borders the Tauragė County in the north, Kaunas County and Alytus County in the east, Podlaskie Voivodeship of Poland in the south, and Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia in the west.

Vilkaviškis
Vilkaviškis (pronunciationⓘ) is a city in southwestern Lithuania, the administrative center of the Vilkaviškis District Municipality. It is located 23 km (14 mi) northwest from Marijampolė, at the confluence  of  Šeimena and Vilkauja rivers.

The city got its name from the Vilkauja River. Initially named Vilkaujiškis, the name was later changed to an easier-to-pronounce form, Vilkaviškis.

Until 1941, the city had a large Jewish community, which was killed by the German military and their local collaborators.

This is the city from which the 2016 cost-of-living Cauliflower Revolution originated.

It is the capital of Vilkaviškis District Municipality, Vilkaviškis city eldership, and Šeimena eldership.
2014 PTT Pattaya Open
The 2014 PTT Pattaya Open was a women's professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 23rd edition of the PTT Pattaya Open and was part of the International category on the 2014 WTA Tour. It took place at the Dusit Thani Hotel in Pattaya, Thailand from January 27 through February 2, 2014. Fourth-seeded Ekaterina Makarova won the singles title.

2014 WTA Tour
The 2014 WTA Tour was the elite professional tennis circuit organized by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) for the 2014 tennis season. The 2014 WTA Tour calendar comprises the Grand Slam tournaments (supervised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the WTA Premier tournaments (Premier Mandatory, Premier 5, and regular Premier), the WTA International tournaments, the Fed Cup (organized by the ITF), and the year-end championships (the WTA Tour Championships and the WTA Tournament of Champions). Also included in the 2014 calendar is the Hopman Cup, which was organized by the ITF and did not distribute ranking points.
William Marmion (politician)
William Edward Marmion (22 October 1845 – 4 July 1896) was an Australian politician. He was a member of the Western Australian Legislative Council from 1870 to 1890, and a member of the Western Australian Legislative Assembly from 1890 to 1896.

Western Australian Legislative Assembly
The Western Australian Legislative Assembly, or lower house, is one of the two chambers of the Parliament of Western Australia, an Australian state. The Parliament sits in Parliament House in the Western Australian capital, Perth.

The Legislative Assembly today has 59 members, elected for four-year terms from single-member electoral districts.  Members are elected using the preferential voting system. As with all other Australian states and territories, voting is compulsory for all Australian citizens over the legal voting age of 18.
2002–03 Kentucky Wildcats men's basketball team
The 2002–03 Kentucky Wildcats men's basketball team represented University of Kentucky. The head coach was Tubby Smith, who was in his sixth season as the Wildcats head coach.  For the program, it was the 100th season of Kentucky Wildcats basketball. The team was a member of the Southeast Conference and played their home games at Rupp Arena.

The Kentucky Wildcats finished with an overall record of 32–4 and were undefeated in conference play, 16–0. In the 2003 SEC men's basketball tournament the Wildcats beat Vanderbilt, Auburn and Mississippi State. to secure their 24th Tournament Championship. As a #1 seed in the 2003 NCAA Tournament, Kentucky's run continued with wins over IUPUI, Utah and Wisconsin. But in the Elite 8 their season came to an abrupt end with a surprising loss to Marquette 83–69.

2002–03 Marquette Golden Eagles men's basketball team
The 2002–03 Marquette Golden Eagles men's basketball team represented Marquette University in NCAA Division I competition in the 2002–03 season. The Golden Eagles, coached by Tom Crean, were then a member of Conference USA; they did not join their current conference, the Big East, until the 2005–06 season.

Since their national championship in 1977, this is Marquette's sole Final Four appearance.
Panic (Birtwistle)
Panic is a concertante work for alto saxophone, jazz drum kit, woodwinds, brass and percussion by Harrison Birtwistle. It was written in 1995 and premiered as part of the Last Night of the Proms on 16 September 1995 at the Royal Albert Hall, London.  At the premiere the solo saxophone part was played by John Harle, the drum kit by Paul Clarvis and the BBC Symphony Orchestra was conducted by Andrew Davis.

It was commissioned by John Drummond in his last season as director of The Proms.

Its full name is Panic: A Dithyramb for alto saxophone, jazz drummer, wind, brass and percussion.  The title indicates both the nature of the music and the fact that it is a representation of the Classical Greek god Pan.

Andrew Davis (conductor)
Sir Andrew Frank Davis CBE (2 February 1944 – 20 April 2024) was an English conductor. He was the long-time chief conductor of the Toronto Symphony Orchestra, the BBC Symphony Orchestra and the Melbourne Symphony Orchestra. He was music director at the Glyndebourne Festival from 1988 to 2000, and especially known for conducting the traditional Last Night of The Proms, including Last Night speeches. He was music director and principal conductor of the Lyric Opera of Chicago from 2000 to the 2020/21 season.

Music critic Alan Blyth described Davis as "a conductor whose technical skill was enhanced by an inborn enthusiasm for and dedication to the task in hand that he was able to transfer to the forces before him."
United Nations Security Council Resolution 43
United Nations Security Council Resolution 43 was adopted unanimously on 1 April 1948. The Council, noting the violence and disorder in Palestine, called upon the Jewish Agency for Palestine and the Arab Higher Committee to arrange and enforce a truce. The Council called upon armed groups in Palestine to cease acts of violence.

Arab Higher Committee
The Arab Higher Committee (Arabic: اللجنة العربية العليا, romanized: al-Lajnah al-ʻArabīyah al-ʻUlyā) or the Higher National Committee was the central political organ of Palestinians in Mandatory Palestine. It was established on 25 April 1936, on the initiative of Haj Amin al-Husayni, the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, and comprised the leaders of Palestinian Arab clans and political parties under the mufti's chairmanship. The committee was outlawed by the British Mandatory administration in September 1937 after the assassination of a British official.

A committee of the same name was reconstituted by the Arab League in 1945, but went to abeyance after it proved ineffective during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. It was sidestepped by Egypt and the Arab League with the formation of the All-Palestine Government in 1948 and both were banned by Jordan.
Model 45A
The Model 45A was a .30 caliber bullpup battle rifle/light machine gun developed by the United States Army in the Philippines in 1945. The weapon existed in prototype or mockup form, but never entered production. The rifle was sparsely documented until annotated photographs of the rifle were found in the archives of the United States Army Signal Corps.

United States Army Signal Corps
The United States Army Signal Corps (USASC) is a branch of the United States Army responsible for creating and managing communications and information systems for the command and control of combined arms forces. It manages new technologies and portfolios that are eventually transferred to other U.S. government entities; such responsibilities include military intelligence, weather forecasting, and aviation.
Sesame Street characters
A wide variety of characters have appeared on the American children's television series Sesame Street. Many of the characters are Muppets, which are puppets made in Jim Henson's distinctive puppet-creation style. Most of the non-Muppet characters are human characters, but there are many characters that are animated.

Eric Jacobson
Eric Jacobson (born January 15, 1971) is an American puppeteer. He is best known for his involvement with the Muppets, performing Miss Piggy, Fozzie Bear, Animal, and Sam Eagle, as well as Sesame Street characters Bert, Grover, Oscar the Grouch, Guy Smiley and the left head of the Two-Headed Monster.
2014–15 ISU Speed Skating World Cup – World Cup 5 – Women's mass start
The women's mass start race of the 2014–15 ISU Speed Skating World Cup 5, arranged in the Vikingskipet arena in Hamar, Norway, was held on 1 February 2015.

Irene Schouten of the Netherlands won the race, while Ivanie Blondin of Canada came second, and Mariska Huisman of the Netherlands came third.

Mariska Huisman
Mariska Huisman (born 23 November 1983) is a Dutch marathon skater and speed skater. She was the first winner of a mass start worldcup in Astana.
At this moment she is the number 2 on the world ranking list.

She won the 2011–12 mass start World Cup with a total of 320 points. She did not start in the 2013 national championship mass start on 30 December 2013 due to the untimely death of her brother Sjoerd Huisman a few hours beforehand. Sjoerd was also a marathon skater and his death was the reason the event was cancelled.
Villa Somalia
Villa Somalia (Somali: Madaxtooyada Soomaaliya, Arabic: فيلا الصومال) in Mogadishu, is the palace and principal workplace of the president of Somalia. The current occupant is president Hassan Sheikh Mohamud of the Federal Government of Somalia (FGS).

Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed
Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed (Somali: Maxamed Cabdullaahi Maxamed, born 11 March 1962), commonly known as Farmaajo, is a Somali politician and diplomat who served as the 9th President of Somalia from 2017 to 2022 and as Prime Minister from 2010 to 2011. His presidency focused on combating corruption and rebuilding the Somali National Army as part of broader state-building efforts. Since 2012, he has been the founder and leader of the Nabad iyo Nolol political party.
Human rights in the United Kingdom
Human rights in the United Kingdom concern the fundamental rights in law of every person in the United Kingdom. An integral part of the UK constitution, human rights derive from common law, from statutes such as Magna Carta, the Bill of Rights 1689 and the Human Rights Act 1998, from membership of the Council of Europe, and from international law.

Codification of human rights is recent, but the UK law had one of the world's longest human rights traditions. Today the main source of jurisprudence is the Human Rights Act 1998, which incorporated the European Convention on Human Rights into domestic litigation.

Entick v Carrington
Entick v Carrington [1765] EWHC KB J98 is a leading case in English law and UK constitutional law establishing the civil liberties of individuals and limiting the scope of executive power. The case has also been influential in other common law jurisdictions and was an important motivation for the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution. It is famous for the dictum of Lord Camden: "If it is law, it will be found in our books."
Levi William Humphrey
Levi William Humphrey (29 April 1881 – 19 September 1947) was a Progressive party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Monson, Maine, United States and became a locomotive engineer for Canadian Pacific Railways.

Humphrey, the son of David Humphrey, came to Canada in 1898, initially settling in Rossland, British Columbia Rossland which was the terminus for Canadian Pacific Railways. He later moved to Nelson, British Columbia where he resided until his death in 1947. He served overseas with the Canadian Expeditionary Force from 1915 to 1919. In 1918, he married Anne Ogwen Hughes. He was elected to Parliament at the Kootenay West riding in the 1921 general election. After serving his only federal term, the 14th Canadian Parliament, Humphrey was defeated by William Esling of the Conservatives in the 1925 federal election.

Rossland, British Columbia
Rossland is in the West Kootenay region of south central British Columbia. High in the Monashee Mountains, the city lies immediately east of the intersections of BC highways 3B and 22. The facilities provide a winter base for the nearby multi-peak ski hills of the Red Mountain Resort.  In the non-winter months Rossland is frequented by mountain bikers, with golf and fishing options nearby as well.
Makuhari-nishi
Makuhari-nishi (幕張西) is a district of Mihama Ward, Chiba City, Chiba Prefecture, Japan, consisting of 1-chōme to 6-chōme. The district entirely consists of reclaimed land from Tokyo Bay. In 1-chōme to 4-chōme the newer Jūkyo-hyōji (住居表示) style is adopted, while in 5-chōme and 6-chōme the older chiban (地番) style is adopted.

Land reclamation
Land reclamation, often known as reclamation, and also known as land fill (not to be confused with a waste landfill), is the process of creating new land from oceans, seas, riverbeds or lake beds. The land reclaimed is known as reclamation ground, reclaimed land, or land fill. The term "reclamation" is a misnomer, and promotes confusion with land rehabilitation.
Villa Reynolds Airport
Villa Reynolds Airport (Spanish: Aeropuerto de Villa Reynolds) (IATA: VME, ICAO: SAOR) is a joint military/general aviation airport serving Villa Mercedes, a city in the San Luis Province of Argentina. It is 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) southeast of Villa Mercedes, in Villa Reynolds, a village serving an Argentine Air Force base.

The airport covers an area of 80 hectares (200 acres), and has a 1,000-square-metre (11,000 sq ft) terminal. Runway 10/28 is closed. The Villa Reynolds VOR-DME (Ident: RYD) and non-directional beacon (Ident: RYD) are located on the field.

Non-directional beacon
A non-directional beacon (NDB) or non-directional radio beacon is a radio beacon which does not include inherent directional information. Radio beacons are radio transmitters at a known location, used as an aviation or marine navigational aid. NDB are in contrast to directional radio beacons and other navigational aids, such as low-frequency radio range, VHF omnidirectional range (VOR) and tactical air navigation system (TACAN).

NDB signals follow the curvature of the Earth, so they can be received at much greater distances at lower altitudes, a major advantage over VOR. However, NDB signals are also affected more by atmospheric conditions, mountainous terrain, coastal refraction and electrical storms, particularly at long range. The system, developed by United States Army Air Corps (USAAC) Captain Albert Francis Hegenberger, was used to fly the world's first instrument approach on May 9, 1932.
Eulogy (film)
Eulogy is a 2004 comedy-drama film written and directed by Michael Clancy. An international co-production between companies from Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States, the film follows a dysfunctional family as secrets come to light at the funeral of the family's patriarch. The film was given a limited theatrical release and grossed just under $90,000 against a $10 million budget.

Cinema of Germany
The cinema of Germany can be traced back to the late 19th century. The film industry in Germany made major technical and artistic contributions to early film, broadcasting and television technology. Babelsberg became a household synonym for the early 20th century film industry in Europe, similar to Hollywood later. Early German and German-speaking filmmakers and actors heavily contributed to early Hollywood, many of whom were Jewish refugees fleeing Nazi persecution.

Germany witnessed major changes to its identity during the 20th and 21st century. Those changes determined the periodisation of national cinema into a succession of distinct eras and movements.

German movies and German artists earned 230 Oscar nominations and 54 Oscar wins.
My Family series 5
The fifth series of the BBC family sitcom My Family originally aired between 19 March 2004 and 25 December 2005. The series was commissioned following consistently high ratings for the fourth series. The opening episode of the series, "The Mummy Returns", re-introduces the six main characters from the previous series, as well as Janey, played by Daniela Denby-Ashe, who had not been seen on-screen since December 2002. The fifth series includes four specials: two-hour long Christmas specials, a 30-minute "best-of" special, and an exclusive 5-minute Comic Relief short. All thirteen regular episodes from the fifth series are thirty minutes in length. The series was once again produced by Rude Boy Productions, a company that produces comedies created by Fred Barron. The series was filmed at Pinewood Studios in London, in front of a live audience.

Daniela Denby-Ashe
Daniela Jolanta Denby-Ashe (born 9 August 1978) is an English actress. She is best known for playing Sarah Hills on the soap opera EastEnders, Margaret Hale on the period drama North and South, and Janey Harper on the BBC sitcom My Family. She also played Jem Allen (Series 4) and Lorraine Donnegan (Series 7-8) on the drama series Waterloo Road.
Ukraine at the Hopman Cup
Ukraine is a nation that has competed at the Hopman Cup tournament on four occasions, the first being in 1993. In 1995 and 2016, Ukraine were the tournament runners-up and this remains their best showing to date. Before its dissolution, Ukraine used to form part of the Soviet Union which also competed at the Hopman Cup on two occasions in the early 1990s. Additionally, Ukraine is a member of the CIS which entered a CIS team into the 1992 event.

1993 Hopman Cup
The 1993 Hopman Cup was the fifth edition of the Hopman Cup that was held at the Burswood Entertainment Complex, in Perth, Western Australia. Steffi Graf and Michael Stich of Germany defeated Arantxa Sánchez Vicario and Emilio Sánchez of Spain in the final to win the title. The tournament took place between 2 January through 8 January 1993.
Zamarra (coat)
A zamarra is a sheepskin coat worn by Basque shepherds. In the 1830s, Edward Bell Stephens strongly recommended that visitors to the Spanish Basque region purchase the zamarra, which he described as made from black Andalusian astrakhan lined with white sheepskin. It was recommended as an ideal travelling jacket, serviceable in both heat and cold, and very water-resistant.

The academic garment also worn as a vestment, the chimere is closely related to the zamarra, from which it evolved during the Middle Ages.

A similar coat is used in Alentejo, southern Portugal, and called samarra. It is made of wool, with a furry collar, and the usual colours are brown, dark blue or black.

Basques
The Basques are a Southwestern European ethnic group, characterised by the Basque language, a common culture, shared genetic ancestry to the ancient Vascones and Aquitanians, and are considered among the last remaining direct descendants of Neolithic Europeans populations in Europe. Basques are indigenous to, and primarily inhabit, an area traditionally known as the Basque Country (Basque: Euskal Herria)—a region that is located around the western end of the Pyrenees on the coast of the Bay of Biscay and straddles parts of north-central Spain and south-western France.
2018 Nadeshiko League Cup final
2018 Nadeshiko League Cup final was the 11th final of the Nadeshiko League Cup competition. The final was played at Nishigaoka Soccer Stadium in Tokyo on July 21, 2018. Nippon TV Beleza won the championship.

Nadeshiko League Cup
The Nadeshiko League Cup (Japanese: なでしこリーグカップ) is a cup competition for women's football clubs in Japan. The competition began as the L.League Cup in 1996 and it was abolished after the 1999 edition. It reappeared on the occasion of the 2007 FIFA Women's World Cup, under the name Nadeshiko League Cup.
The WE League, a professional women's football league, was launched in 2021, and the Nadeshiko League Cup ended in 2020.
François Astorg
François Astorg (French pronunciation: [fʁɑ̃swa astɔʁɡ]; born 11 April 1961) is a French politician who has served as mayor of Annecy since 2020. He concurrently serves as vice president for infrastructure and public transport of Grand Annecy since 2020. In the 2012 legislative election, he was a candidate in Haute-Savoie's 2nd constituency.

Haute-Savoie's 2nd constituency
The 2nd constituency of the Haute-Savoie (French: Deuxième circonscription de la Haute-Savoie) is a French legislative constituency in the Haute-Savoie département. Like the other 576 French constituencies, it elects one MP using a two round electoral system.
Artur
Artur is a cognate to the common male given name Arthur meaning "bear-like", or "of honour". It is believed to possibly be descended from the Roman surname Artorius or the Celtic bear-goddess Artio or more probably from the Celtic word *artos ("bear"). Other Celtic languages have similar first names, such as Old Irish Art, Artúur, Welsh Arth - which may also be the source for the modern name.
Art is also a diminutive form of the common name Arthur. In Estonian, and many Romance, Slavic and Germanic languages the name is spelled as Artur. The Finnish versions are Artturi and Arttu.

Avestan aṣ̌a/arta and its Vedic equivalent ṛtá both derive from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ṛtá- "truth", which in turn continues Proto-Indo-European *h₂r-to- "properly joined, right, true", from the root *h₂ar. The word is attested in Old Persian as arta.

Artur is less commonly found as a surname. Notable people with the name include:

Old Persian
Old Persian is one of two directly attested Old Iranian languages (the other being Avestan) and is the ancestor of Middle Persian (the language of the Sasanian Empire). Like other Old Iranian languages, it was known to its native speakers as ariya (Iranian). Old Persian is close to both Avestan and Vedic Sanskrit, and all three languages are highly inflected.

Old Persian appears primarily in the inscriptions, clay tablets and seals of the Achaemenid era (c. 600 BCE to 300 BCE). Examples of Old Persian have been found in what is now Iran,  Armenia, Bahrain, Iraq, Turkey and Egypt, with the most important attestation by far being the contents of the Behistun Inscription (dated to 522 BCE).

In 2007, research into the vast Persepolis Administrative Archives at the Oriental Institute at the University of Chicago unearthed Old Persian tablets, which suggest Old Persian was a written language in use for practical recording and not only for royal display.
Farma (Croatian TV series) season 2
The second season of Farma, a Croatian reality television series based on The Farm, premiered on 1 March 2009 on Nova TV. The winner of the second season was Mario Mlinarić who won 324,000 kuna from the prize.

The Farm (franchise)
The Farm is a reality competition television franchise format created by the Swedish producer Strix. With over 100 licenses sold around the world and aired in more than 50 countries, The Farm is one of their most popular formats, including The Bar and Fame Factory. It has been constantly on air somewhere in the world since 2001. The format is distributed by Fremantle.