hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Léon Rousseau
Léon Rousseau (July 22, 1798 – November 3, 1869) was a farm owner and political figure in Canada East. He represented Yamaska in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada from 1844 to 1848.

He was born in Saint-Pierre-les-Becquets, the son of Joseph Rousseau and Josephte Trudel, and studied medicine in the United States. Rousseau was authorized to practise medicine in Lower Canada in 1822 and set up practice in Yamaska. He also was involved in agriculture and served as a justice of the peace. In 1824, he married Agnès-Élizabeth, the daughter of Joseph-Marie Godefroy de Tonnancour. Rousseau did not run for reelection to the assembly in 1848. He died in Yamaska at the age of 71.

Yamaska, Quebec
Yamaska (French pronunciation: [jamaska]) is a municipality in the Pierre-De Saurel Regional County Municipality, in the Montérégie region of Quebec. The population as of the Canada 2011 Census was 1,644.
Purely functional programming
In computer science, purely functional programming usually designates a programming paradigm—a style of building the structure and elements of computer programs—that treats all computation as the evaluation of mathematical functions.

Program state and mutable objects are usually modeled with temporal logic, as explicit variables that represent the program state at each step of a program execution: a variable state is passed as an input parameter of a state-transforming function, which returns the updated state as part of its return value. This style handles state changes without losing the referential transparency of the program expressions.

Purely functional programming consists of ensuring that functions, inside the functional paradigm, will only depend on their arguments, regardless of any global or local state. A pure functional subroutine only has visibility of changes of state represented by state variables included in its scope.

Temporal logic
In logic, temporal logic is any system of rules and symbolism for representing, and reasoning about, propositions qualified in terms of time (for example, "I am always hungry", "I will eventually be hungry", or "I will be hungry until I eat something"). It is sometimes also used to refer to tense logic, a modal logic-based system of temporal logic introduced by Arthur Prior in the late 1950s, with important contributions by Hans Kamp. It has been further developed by computer scientists, notably Amir Pnueli, and logicians.

Temporal logic has found an important application in formal verification, where it is used to state requirements of hardware or software systems. For instance, one may wish to say that whenever a request is made, access to a resource is eventually granted, but it is never granted to two requestors simultaneously. Such a statement can conveniently be expressed in a temporal logic.
2002 South Carolina Secretary of State election
The 2002 South Carolina Secretary of State election was held on November 5, 2002, to elect the Secretary of State of South Carolina. Incumbent Republican secretary of state Jim Miles did not run for re-election. Republican nominee Mark Hammond defeated Rick Wade in the general election.

Secretary of State of South Carolina
The secretary of state of South Carolina is an elected constitutional officer in the executive branch of government of the U.S. state of South Carolina. The secretary of state is the chief clerk of state government in South Carolina and is responsible for registering businesses and trademarks, regulating charities, authorizing cable franchises, commissioning notaries public, and serving as the filing office for municipal records.

The incumbent is Mark Hammond, a Republican who has served as the secretary of state since 2003.
Sinking of ML Rabit Al Hasan
ML Rabit Al Hasan was a Bangladesh double-decker passenger ferry that sank on 4 April 2021 in the Shitalakshya River in Narayanganj District near Dhaka. The ship was carrying more than 50 passengers and crew of which 35 died.

The vessel sank after it collided with the cargo vessel, MV SKL-3, in the Sitalakkhya River. Dhaka Tribune reported that the cargo vessel fled the scene after the collision. The coast guard detained 14 staff and the executor cargo vessel anchored in Meghna River, at Gazaria, Munshiganj district after four days of the incident.

Shitalakshya River
Shitalakshya River (Bengali: শীতলক্ষ্যা নদী, romanized: Śītalakṣya Nadī pronounced: Shitalokkha Nodi) (also known as Lakshymā River) is a distributary of the Brahmaputra. A portion of its upper course is known as Banar River or Banor River. In the Shitalakshya's initial stages, it flows in a southwest direction and then east of the city of Narayanganj in central Bangladesh until it merges with the Dhaleswari near Kalagachhiya. The river is about 110 kilometres (68 mi) long and at it widest, near Narayanganj, it is 300 metres (980 ft) across. Its flow, measured at Demra, has reached 74 cubic metres per second (2,600 cu ft/s). It remains navigable year round. The Shitalakshya flows through Gazipur district, forming its border with Narsingdi for some distance and then through Narayanganj District.

The river's maximum depth is 21 metres (70 ft) and average depth is 10 metres (33 ft).
Pannonia Superior
Pannonia Superior (transl. 'Upper Pannonia') was a Roman province created from the division of Pannonia in 103 AD, its capital in Carnuntum. It overlapped in territory with modern-day Hungary, Croatia, Austria, Slovakia, and Slovenia.

Ptuj
Ptuj (Slovene: [ˈptùːj] ⓘ; German: Pettau, pronounced [ˈpɛtaʊ̯] ⓘ; Latin: Poetovium/Poetovio) is the eighth-largest town of Slovenia, located in the traditional region of Styria (northeastern Slovenia). It is the seat of the Municipality of Ptuj. Being the oldest recorded city in Slovenia, it has been inhabited since the late Stone Age and developed from a Roman military fort, located at a strategically important crossing of the Drava River along a prehistoric trade route between the Baltic Sea and the Adriatic.
Thinking of Him
Thinking of Him (Spanish: Pensando en él) is a 2018 film directed by the Argentine filmmaker Pablo Cesar. It delves into the relationship between the Nobel-winning Indian poet Rabindranath Tagore and the Argentine writer Victoria Ocampo, during the former's visit to Buenos Aires in the 1920s. The film stars Victor Banerjee as Tagore and Eleonora Wexler as Ocampo. It also features Raima Sen.

Raima Sen
Raima Sen (Bengali pronunciation: [rai̯ma ʃen]; born Raima Dev Varma; 7 November 1979), is an Indian film actress who appears mainly in Bengali and Hindi movies. She is known for her roles in films like Chokher Bali, Parineeta, The Japanese Wife, and Baishe Srabon, earning praise for her natural performances.
2020 GT World Challenge Europe
The 2020 GT World Challenge Europe Powered by AWS was the seventh season of the GT World Challenge Europe and the first after title sponsor Blancpain withdrew sponsorship. The season began on 25 July at Imola and ended on 15 November at Circuit Paul Ricard.

This season featured eight rounds: four Endurance Cup rounds and four Sprint Cup rounds.

Circuit Paul Ricard
The Circuit Paul Ricard (French pronunciation: [siʁkɥi pɔl ʁikaʁ]) is a French motorsport race track built in 1969 at Le Castellet, Var, near Marseille, with finance from pastis magnate Paul Ricard. Ricard wanted to experience the challenge of building a racetrack. The circuit has hosted the FIA Formula One French Grand Prix intermittently from 1971 to 2022.
William Tinsley (publisher)
William Tinsley (13 July 1831 – 1 May 1902) was a British publisher.  The son of a gamekeeper, he had little formal education; but together with his brother Edward (1835–1865) he founded the firm of The Tinsley Brothers, which published many of the leading novelists of the time.

Gamekeepers in the United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom, a gamekeeper (often abbreviated to keeper) is a person who manages an area of countryside (e.g., areas of woodland, moorland, waterway or farmland) to make sure that there is enough game for hunting, or fish for fishing, and acts as guide to those pursuing them.
BBC Radio One Live in Concert (Thin Lizzy album)
BBC Radio One Live in Concert is a live recording from 1983 by Irish rock band Thin Lizzy, released in 1992. This show at the Reading Festival in 1983 came at the end of their farewell tour, and was originally intended to be the band's last concert.

Although they officially split up in 1983, Thin Lizzy played several more concerts after this recording, including the Monsters of Rock festival in Germany a week later. A similar lineup under the name Grand Slam performed a series of concerts in 1984 and 1985, before Phil Lynott's death in 1986.

Monsters of Rock
Monsters of Rock was a hard rock and heavy metal music festival. It was originally held annually in Castle Donington, England, from 1980 to 1996, taking place every year except 1989 and 1993. It later branched into other locations such as the Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Italy, Germany, France, Sweden, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, the United States, and Russia.
Koshkonong, Wisconsin
Koshkonong is a town in Jefferson County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 3,763 at the 2020 census. The town entirely surrounds the city of Fort Atkinson. The unincorporated communities of Koshkonong Mounds and Vinnie Ha Ha are located in the town. The unincorporated communities of Blackhawk Island and Koshkonong, as well as the census-designated place of Lake Koshkonong are also located partially in the town.

Administrative divisions of Wisconsin
The administrative divisions of Wisconsin include counties, cities, villages and towns. In Wisconsin, all of these are units of general-purpose local government. There are also a number of special-purpose districts formed to handle regional concerns, such as school districts.

Whether a community is a city, village or town is not strictly dependent on the community's population or area, but on the form of government selected by the residents and approved by the Wisconsin State Legislature. Cities and villages can overlap county boundaries; for example, the city of Whitewater is located in Walworth and Jefferson counties.
Statutes of uncertain date
The statutes of uncertain date, also known as statuta incerti temporis or Certain Statutes made during the Reigns of K. Henry 3. K. Edward 1. or K. Edward 2. but uncertain when or in which of their times, are English statutes dating from the reigns of Henry III, Edward I or Edward II, and frequently listed in the statute books at the end of the reign of Edward II.

Statute Law (Ireland) Revision Act 1872
The Statute Law (Ireland) Revision Act 1872 (35 & 36 Vict. c. 98) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which repealed for Ireland statutes acts of the Parliament of England which had been extended to the then Lordship of Ireland by royal writs or acts of the Parliament of Ireland from the Magna Carta to Poynings' Law 1495 (10 Hen. 7. c. 22 (I)). The act was intended, in particular, to make the revised edition of the statutes already published applicable to Ireland.

The act largely mirrored the Statute Law Revision Act 1863 (26 & 27 Vict. c. 125), which repealed for England and Wales enactments from the Magna Carta to King James II.
8th Coastal Defence Flotilla
The 8th Coastal Defense Flotilla (Polish: 8 Flotylla Obrony Wybrzeża (8 FOW) also known as 8th Coastal Defense Flotilla Vice admiral Kazimierz Porębski, a Polish navy fleet of coastal defense ships based in Świnoujście, one of the three naval groups of the Navy. The flotilla was established in 1965 at the main base of the Navy, previously the Szczecin Coastal Area. From January 1, 2014, the Flotilla was subordinated to the Armed Forces General Command.

Armed Forces General Command (Poland)
The Armed Forces General Command (Polish: Dowództwo Generalne Rodzajów Sił Zbrojnych, DGRSZ) is a joint command of the Polish Armed Forces, responsible for the combat training and readiness, supply, personnel and technical complement of military units of the armed forces during peace and crisis. It holds administrative command of the units, which are transferred under the operational control of the Armed Forces Operational Command. The current (March 2023) General Commander is Lt Gen Wiesław Kukuła. It is subordinated to the Chief of the General Staff.
Parornix carpinella
Parornix carpinella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is found from Sweden to the Pyrenees, Italy and Greece and from Great Britain to Russia.

The wingspan is 8–10 mm.

The larvae feed on Acer platanoides, Acer pseudoplatanus, Carpinus betulus, Carpinus orientalis and Ostrya carpinifolia. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

Carpinus orientalis
Carpinus orientalis, known as the Oriental hornbeam, is a species of hornbeam in the birch family Betulaceae, subfamily Coryloideae, native to southeastern Europe and Western Asia. It is quite tolerant of dry conditions, and usually occurs on hot dry sites at lower elevations in comparison to Carpinus betulus (European hornbeam). Together with C. betulus and Carpinus austrobalcanica, it is one of the three hornbeams native to Europe.
Mannington Township School District
The Mannington Township School District is a community public school district that serves students in pre-kindergarten through eighth grade from Mannington Township, in Salem County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey.

As of the 2023–24 school year, the district, comprised of one school, had an enrollment of 163 students and 19.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 8.6:1.

Public school students in ninth through twelfth grades attend Salem High School in Salem City, together with students from Elsinboro Township, Lower Alloways Creek Township and Quinton Township, as part of a sending/receiving relationship with the Salem City School District. As of the 2023–24 school year, the high school had an enrollment of 387 students and 40.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 9.7:1.

Eighth grade
Eighth grade (also 8th grade or Grade 8) is the eighth year of formal or compulsory education in the United States. The eighth grade is the third or fourth (and typically final) year of middle school. Students in eighth grade are usually 13–14 years old. Different terms and numbers are used in other parts of the world.
Muruq'u
Muruq'u (Quechua for ball (of yarn, wool), Hispanicized spelling Morokho) is a 5,681-metre-high (18,638 ft) mountain in the Andes of Bolivia. It is situated in the Potosí Department, Sud Lípez Province, in the north of the Esmoruco Municipality, southwest of Guadalupe. Muruq'u lies southeast of  P'aqu Urqu and Waqrayuq.

Muruq'u is a volcano of early Miocene age, constructed between the Lipez and Cerro Bonete volcanoes north of Cerro Panizos. Volcanic activity commenced with explosive eruptions generating fall deposits and was followed by the extrusion of lava domes and lava flows.

Potosí Department
Potosí (Spanish pronunciation: [potoˈsi]; Quechua: P'utuqsi; Aymara: Putusi) is a department in southwestern Bolivia. Its area is 118,218 km2 and its population is 856,419 (2024 census). The capital is the city of Potosí. 
It is a mostly barren, mountainous region with one large plateau to the west, where the largest salt flat in the world, Salar de Uyuni, is located.

Cerro Potosí was the richest province in the Spanish Empire, providing a great percentage of the silver that was shipped to Europe.

Potosi is also the location of the San Cristóbal silver, zinc and lead mines, developed by the US company Apex Silver Mines Limited of Colorado and sold in November 2008 to the Japanese Sumitomo Corporation.
Okuno
Okuno (written: 奥野) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Chloe Okuno (born 1987), American film director

Ayaka Okuno (奥野 彩加, born 1995), Japanese tennis player

Fumiko Okuno (奥野 史子, born 1972), Japanese synchronized swimmer

Haruna Okuno (奥野 春菜, born 1999), Japanese sport wrestler

Hiroaki Okuno (volleyball) (奥野 浩昭, born 1960), Japanese volleyball player

Hiroaki Okuno (footballer) (奥埜 博亮, born 1989), Japanese football player

Kaya Okuno (奥野 香耶, born 1991), Japanese voice actress

Keisuke Okuno (奥野 景介, born 1965), Japanese swimmer

Kohei Okuno (奥野 耕平, born 2000), Japanese footballer

Ryosuke Okuno (奥野 僚右, born 1968), Japanese footballer and manager

Seiichiro Okuno (奥野 誠一郎, born 1974), Japanese footballer

Shinsuke Okuno (奥野 信亮, born 1944), Japanese politician

Shohei Okuno (奥野 将平, born 1990), Japanese footballer

Shinsuke Okuno
Shinsuke Okuno (奥野 信亮, Okuno Shinsuke, born March 5, 1944) is a former Japanese politician of the Liberal Democratic Party, who served as a member of the House of Representatives in the Diet (national legislature).
Yale, Michigan
Yale is a city in St. Clair County in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, Yale had a population of 1,903. Yale is considered unofficially as the Bologna Capital of the world, in part due to its Yale Bologna Festival, which began in 1989. Yale bologna is sold in grocery stores throughout the area. Yale is also home to the Yale Airport which is just south of town on Brockway Rd.

Bologna sausage
Bologna sausage, informally baloney (/bəˈloʊni/ bə-LOH-nee), is an American cooked sausage which is an imitation of genuine Italian mortadella Bologna PGI, a variety of mortadella, a large salume. Its seasonings, which include black pepper, nutmeg, allspice, celery seed, coriander, and myrtle berries, give it its flavor.

Similar imitations of mortadella Bologna include parizer (Parisian sausage) in Hungary, Romania, and the countries of the former Yugoslavia;  polony in Zimbabwe, Zambia, South Africa and Western Australia; devon in most states of Australia; and fritz in South Australia.

In North America, a simple and popular use is in the bologna sandwich. In the Southern United States, a bologna cake exists which is bologna slices layered with seasoned cream cheese to make the appearance of a cake.
Giuseppe Valentini (albanologist)
Giuseppe Valentini (Albanian: Zef Valentini; July 1900 – 16 November 1979) was an Italian priest and albanologist of the 20th century.

He was born in 1900 in Padova where he studied theology as a Jesuit priest. In 1922 he moved to Albania as a missionary and actively participated in magazines such as Lajmetari i Zemres s'Jezu Krishtit, and Leka, which he directed since 1932. During World War II he became a professor of the Albanian language in the University of Palermo.

Valentini is the author of several important works on Albanian history, law, numismatics, and sacred art.

In 1940 Valentini was one of the founders and general secretary of the Royal Institute of the Albanian Studies, the predecessor institute of the Academy of Sciences of Albania.

Academy of Sciences of Albania
The Academy of Sciences of Albania (Albanian: Akademia e Shkencave e Shqipërisë), founded in 1972, is the most important scientific institution in Albania.  In the 1980s, several research institutes began at the University of Tirana were transferred to the Academy's jurisdiction. The institution includes the most distinguished scientists, also called "academics", that are involved in research centers and other organisations inside and outside Albania. As of 2009, the Academy had 23 regular members, 10 associated members, one permanent member, and 26 honor members.

The Academy was among several dozen of the world's scientific academies which endorsed through signature the Summit Statement emerging from the New Delhi Population Summit of 1994.

The Academy is housed in a former palace of King Zog.
USB communications device class
USB communications device class (or USB CDC) is a composite Universal Serial Bus device class.  It is most commonly used for computer networking devices akin to a network card, providing an interface for transmitting Ethernet or ATM frames onto some physical media.  It is also used for modems, serial ports, ISDN, fax machines, and telephony devices that perform regular voice calls.

Devices of this class are also implemented in embedded systems such as mobile phones so that a phone may be used as a modem, fax or network port.  The data interfaces are generally used to perform bulk data transfer.

Microsoft Windows versions prior to Windows Vista do not work with the networking parts of the USB CDC, instead using Microsoft's own derivative named Microsoft RNDIS, a serialized version of the Microsoft NDIS (Network Driver Interface Specification).  With a vendor-supplied INF file, Windows Vista works with USB CDC and USB WMCDC devices.

Network interface controller
A network interface controller (NIC, also known as a network interface card, network adapter, LAN adapter and physical network interface) is a computer hardware component that connects a computer to a computer network.

Early network interface controllers were commonly implemented on expansion cards that plugged into a computer bus. The low cost and ubiquity of the Ethernet standard means that most newer computers have a network interface controller built into the motherboard or contained in a USB-connected dongle, although network cards remain available.

Modern network interface controllers offer advanced features such as interrupt and DMA interfaces to the host processors, support for multiple receive and transmit queues, partitioning into multiple logical interfaces, and on-controller network traffic processing such as the TCP offload engine.
London Institution
The London Institution was an educational institution founded in London in 1806 (not to be confused with the British Institution for Promoting the Fine Arts in the United Kingdom founded the previous year, with which it shared some founders). It preceded the University of London in making scientific education widely available in the capital to people such as the Dissenters who adhered to non-orthodox religious beliefs and were consequently barred from attending Oxford University or Cambridge University.

The Institution moved into premises at Finsbury Circus in 1815 and was particularly noted for the teaching of chemistry. It closed in 1912 and the buildings were used for the University of London until their demolition in 1936.

Governor of the Bank of England
The governor of the Bank of England is the most senior position in the Bank of England. It is nominally a civil service post, but the appointment tends to be from within the bank, with the incumbent choosing and mentoring a successor. The governor of the Bank of England is also chairman of the Monetary Policy Committee, with a major role in guiding national economic and monetary policy, and is therefore one of the most important public officials in the United Kingdom.

According to the original charter of 27 July 1694 the bank's affairs would be supervised by a governor, a deputy governor, and 24 directors. In its current incarnation, the bank's Court of Directors has 12 (or up to 14) members, of whom five are various designated executives of the bank.

The 121st and current governor is Andrew Bailey, who began his term in March 2020.
Clem Hawke
Arthur Clarence "Clem" Hawke (5 March 1898 – 23 December 1989) was the General Secretary of the Australian Labor Party in South Australia 1919–1920, and a Congregationalist minister.

He was the father of Bob Hawke, Prime Minister of Australia 1983–1991; and brother of Bert Hawke, MHA for Burra Burra, South Australia 1924–1927 and Premier of Western Australia 1953–1959.

Electoral district of Burra Burra
Burra Burra was an electoral district of the House of Assembly in the Australian state of South Australia from 1902 to 1938.

After a boundary redistribution in 1902, the Electoral district of Burra was abolished and the new district of Burra Burra was created.

The town of Burra is currently located in the safe Liberal seat of Stuart.