hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Appeal to the law
An appeal to the law (argumentum ad legem in Latin) is an informal fallacy in which someone tries to encourage or defend an action based on its legality, or condemn it as morally reprehensible, purely because it is illegal. This line of reasoning is faulty because although the law of the land is important, it does not necessarily match up with the morality or sensibility of an action. In reality, many statutorily forbidden acts are malum prohibitum rather than malum in se.

Wrongdoing
A wrong, or wrength (from Old English wrang – 'crooked'), is an act that is illegal, incorrect, or immoral. Legal wrongs are usually quite clearly defined in the law of a state or jurisdiction. They can be divided into civil wrongs and crimes (or criminal offenses) in common law countries, while civil law countries tend to have some additional categories, such as contraventions. Moral wrong is an underlying concept for legal wrong. Some moral wrongs are punishable by law, for example rape or murder. Other moral wrongs have nothing to do with law but are related to unethical behaviours. On the other hand, some legal wrongs, such as many types of parking offences, could hardly be classified as moral wrongs.
Canoeing at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's K-1 500 metres
The women's canoe sprint K-1 500 metres at the 2012 Olympic Games in London took place between 7 and 9 August at Eton Dorney.

Danuta Kozák from Hungary won the gold medal. Inna Osypenko from Ukraine won silver and South Africa's Bridgette Hartley took bronze.

Inna Osypenko-Radomska
Inna Volodymyrivna Osypenko-Radomska (Ukrainian: Інна Володимирівна Осипенко-Радомська, born 20 September 1982) is a Ukrainian-Azerbaijani sprint kayaker. Competing for Ukraine, she won four Olympic medals, including gold at the 2008 Olympics in K-1 500 m. She switched to Azerbaijan in 2014 and won a bronze medal in K-1 200 m at the 2016 Olympics.
South Korean cyber defamation law
Cyber defamation or cyber insult in South Korean law is a crime or civil tort consisting of defamation or insult committed through a telecommunications network such as the Internet.

The crime of cyber defamation (사이버 명예훼손죄) is defined in the Information and Communications Network Act, which establishes a maximum term of imprisonment of three years if the insulting information is true and seven years if it is false. South Korea's criminal penalties for cyber defamation have attracted attention for their severity relative to other countries.

Telecommunications network
A telecommunications network is a group of nodes interconnected by telecommunications links that are used to exchange messages between the nodes. The links may use a variety of technologies based on the methodologies of circuit switching, message switching, or packet switching to pass messages and signals.

Multiple nodes may cooperate to pass a message from an originating node to a destination node via multiple network hops. For this routing function, each node in the network is assigned a network address for identification and locating it on the network. The collection of addresses in the network is called the address space of the network.

Examples of telecommunications networks include computer networks, the Internet, the public switched telephone network (PSTN), the global Telex network, the aeronautical ACARS network, and the wireless radio networks of cell phone telecommunication providers.
Bakata
Bakata was the capital of the Ahom kingdom (present-day Assam, Northeast India) established by the Ahom king Suhungmung (1497–1539) in the 16th-century. Since his capital was by the Dihing river, Suhungmung is also known as the Dihingia Raja. The next king, Suklenmung (1539–1552), moved the capital to Garhgaon. Studies of palaeochannels in Upper Assam based on satellite imagery match with the historical accounts and suggest that the Dihing River once followed a more southerly course and likely joined the Disang River near Bakata.

Ahom dynasty
Ahom dynasty (1228–1826 A.D.) and (1833–1838 A.D.) ruled the Ahom Kingdom in present-day Assam, India for nearly 600 years. The dynasty was established by Sukaphaa, a Shan prince of Mong Mao (present-day Shan State, Myanmar) who came to Assam after crossing the Patkai mountains. The rule of this dynasty ended with the Burmese invasion of Assam and the subsequent annexation by the British East India Company following the Treaty of Yandabo in 1826.

In external medieval chronicles the kings of this dynasty were called Asam Raja, whereas the subjects of the kingdom called them Chaopha, or Swargadeo (in Assamese).
Schkeuditz
Schkeuditz (German pronunciation: [ˈʃkɔʏdɪts] ⓘ; Upper Sorbian: Skudźicy) is a Große Kreisstadt in the district of Nordsachsen, in Saxony, Germany. It is situated on the White Elster river, 12km northwest of Leipzig. Leipzig/Halle Airport is located in Schkeuditz. The letter processing center for the greater Leipzig region is also located in Schkeuditz. "Schkeuditzer Kreuz", the first cloverleaf exchange in Germany was opened in 1936, and today is the intersection between the autobahns A9 and A14.

Bundesautobahn 14
Bundesautobahn 14 (translates from German as Federal Motorway 14, short form Autobahn 14, abbreviated as BAB 14 or A 14) is an autobahn in eastern Germany.

The route comprises two disconnected sections:

The old A 241. A North–south route in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern which runs from Wismar to Schwerin.

The original A 14. A West–east route which starts at the A 2 near Magdeburg in Saxony-Anhalt and terminates at the A 4 at Dresden in Saxony. On the way, it serves Halle and Leipzig.

Construction is underway to connect the two sections.
Ścianka
Ścianka is a Polish rock band formed in 1994 in Sopot by guitarist Maciej Cieślak. In 1998 Ścianka were signed by independent label Biodro Records and recorded their debut album entitled Statek kosmiczny Ścianka (Ścianka the Spaceship). After its release, the group received critical and audience acclaim. Their next full-length album, Dni wiatru, moved away from the garage-rock sound of their debut album.

Sopot
Sopot (Polish: [ˈsɔpɔt] ⓘ; Kashubian: Sopòt or Sopòtë) is a seaside resort city in the Pomeranian Voivodeship on the southern coast of the Baltic Sea in northern Poland, with a population of approximately 40,000. It has the status of county – the smallest city in Poland to have that status. Sopot lies between the larger cities of Gdańsk to the southeast and Gdynia to the northwest. The three cities together form the Tricity metropolitan area.

Sopot is a major health-spa and resort destination. It has the longest wooden pier in Europe, at 511.5 metres, stretching out into the Bay of Gdańsk. The city is also famous for the Sopot International Song Festival, the largest such event in Europe after the Eurovision Song Contest. Among its other attractions is a fountain of bromide spring water, known as the "inhalation mushroom".
Joshua Jay
Joshua Jay (born October 30, 1981) is an American magician, author, and lecturer. He has performed in over 100 countries and was awarded top prize at the World Magic Seminar in 1998. He worked with Penn and Teller on the show Fool Us,  and he holds a Guinness World Record for card tricks. Jay has performed on shows including Good Morning America and The Today Show.  In January 2018, Jay was recognized by the Society of American Magicians for his contribution to the art of magic.

He resides in New York City.

Society of American Magicians
The Society of American Magicians (S.A.M.) is the oldest fraternal magic organization in the world. Its purpose is "to advance, elevate, and preserve magic as a performing art, to promote harmonious fellowship throughout the world of magic, and to maintain and improve ethical standards in the field of magic."  To promote these endeavors the S.A.M. presents awards and fellowships in recognition of outstanding achievement in the Art of Magic.

Membership in the S.A.M. is open to professional magicians, amateur magicians, youth magicians, magic collectors, magic historians, magic inventors, magic manufacturers and magic dealers. Over 30,000 people worldwide have been members, and currently the S.A.M. has 5,000 members worldwide. Despite the word "American" in the name, S.A.M. includes magicians from around the world. Its current National President, Matthew Crabtree (2025-26) was installed July 5, 2025.
The Lot Radio
The Lot Radio is an online radio station founded by Francois Vaxelaire in Brooklyn, New York. It is operated by Vaxelaire and Pauline Le Mell. The station is based in a shipping container in Williamsburg. Notable guests include Alan Braxe, DJ Falcon,  Four Tet, Busy P, Floating Points, Hot Chip, Ellen Allien, Fred P, Louie Vega, Jennifer Cardini, Ben UFO, Octo Octa and Eris Drew, Moxie, Nina Kraviz, Falty DL, Kim Ann Foxman, Perel, Kilopatrah Jones, members of the collective Discwoman, Fred Again, Chet Faker and many others. Each broadcast features live DJ sets  with an emphasis on electronic music, disco, and soul music. Broadcasts are archived on lot radio's Mixcloud.

Alan Braxe
Alain Quême (French pronunciation: [alɛ̃ kɛm]; born 9 July 1971), known professionally as Alan Braxe, is a French electronic musician. He is most widely known for his collaborative work with the musicians Fred Falke and Kris Menace, and for being part of the musical trio Stardust. In 2005, he released The Upper Cuts, a collection of his previously released material. He is the cousin of French electronic musician DJ Falcon, with whom he is a member of the French touch duo Braxe + Falcon.
Lionel Fernández Méndez
Lionel Fernández Méndez (January 24, 1915 – February 17, 1998) was a Puerto Rican attorney and politician. He was a member of the Constitutional Assembly that created the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico (1951–1952). He was a senator for the Popular Democratic Party from 1949 to 1972. He was a member of Phi Sigma Alpha.

Phi Sigma Alpha
Phi Sigma Alpha (ΦΣΑ), commonly known as La Sigma, is a Puerto Rican fraternity originally established as the Sigma Delta Alpha Fraternity (Sociedad de Amigos) on October 22, 1928, at the University of Puerto Rico by twelve students and a professor. Phi Sigma Alpha can trace its roots back to 1898 to the Union Hispano Americana, as well as to the first ever Greek letter Hispanic-oriented fraternity, Sigma Iota, established in 1912. By 1998 there were over 4,376 members.
Gaglioli
Gaglioli is a frazione of the comune of Bevagna in the Province of Perugia, Umbria, central Italy. It stands at an elevation of 347 metres above sea level. At the time of the Istat census of 2001 it had 28 inhabitants.

Province of Perugia
The province of Perugia (Italian: provincia di Perugia) is the larger of the two provinces in the Umbria region of Italy, comprising two-thirds of both the area and population of the region. Its capital is the city of Perugia. The province covered all of Umbria until 1927, when the province of Terni was carved out of its southern third. The province of Perugia has an area of 6,337 km2 and a total population of 636,531 as of 2025, covering about two-thirds of Umbria. It has 59 municipalities.

The province has numerous tourist attractions, especially artistic and historical ones, and is home to the Lake Trasimeno, the largest lake of Central Italy. It is historically the ancestral origin of the Umbri, while later it was a Roman province and then part of the Papal States until the late 19th century.
Guanshan railway station
Guanshan railway station (Chinese: 關山車站; pinyin: Guānshān Chēzhàn) is a railway station located in Guanshan Township, Taitung County, Taiwan. It is located on the Taitung line and is operated by Taiwan Railway.

Taiwan Railway
Taiwan Railway (TR) is a state-owned conventional railway in Taiwan. It is operated by the Taiwan Railway Corporation under the supervision of the Ministry of Transportation and Communications, responsible for managing, maintaining, and running conventional passenger and freight railway services on 1,097 km (682 mi) of track in Taiwan. Passenger traffic in 2018 was 231,267,955.

The railway was previously operated by Taiwan Railways Administration (TRA). On 1 January 2024, Taiwan Railway Administration became a state-owned corporation, Taiwan Railway Corporation.
Purgatorio (album)
Purgatorio is a studio album and the seventy-eighth release overall by German electronic band Tangerine Dream. It was released in October 2004. A prerelease version was only available via internet at the Tangerine Dream's website in March 2004. The album includes a studio version of a live performance at the Royal Festival Hall, in London, on March 6, 2004.  The show was the opening night of the Ether Electronic Music Festival followed by the world premiere of a restored version of the Italian silent movie “L'Inferno” from 1911 by Giuseppe de Liguoro's, based on the first part of Dante Alighieri’s “Divine Comedy”

Giuseppe de Liguoro
Giuseppe de Liguoro (1869–1944) was an Italian actor and film director of the silent era. He came from an aristocratic Neapolitan family. De Liguoro was a pioneering figure of early Italian cinema, making a number of historical films in the early 1910s such as L'Inferno (1911) and Mary Tudor (1911).

His son was the director Eugenio de Liguoro, who also occasionally acted in his father's films. His other son, Wladimiro de Liguoro, was also a filmmaker.
Caroline flying fox
The Caroline flying fox or Pohnpei flying fox (Pteropus molossinus) is a species of megabat in the genus Pteropus, endemic to Micronesia. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests. Prior to a ban on commercial exploitation, it was hunted for export, substantially impacting its abundance.  It is threatened by habitat loss due to expanding plantations.

The Caroline flying-fox is native to the Caroline Islands. It has been recorded only from Pohnpei, Ant Atoll, and Pakin Atoll, all of which are part of the Federated States of Micronesia, where it depends on the tropical forests and fruiting plants. The Caroline flying fox is threatened by habitat loss, hunting pressures, and the small size of its remaining population. As of 2020, it is considered an endangered species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.

Pakin Atoll
Pakin Atoll is a small atoll lying off the northwest coast of Pohnpei in the Federated States of Micronesia. Along with the nearby Ant Atoll these islands constitute the Senyavin group of islands.

Pakin has a population of around 90-100 people, all of whom are members of the diasporic Mortlockese community in Sokehs.  The community is represented by traditional leadership (Sounirek Pakein) and is recognized as a non-government organization under the name "Pakin Community Association" (PCA).  The by-laws and articles of pledge of the PCA were signed on August 28, 2007.   Pakin Elementary School and a large Catholic church are located on the largest islet of Nikahlap.  The other inhabited islets of Pakin Atoll include Painpwel, Wesetik, Mwanid, and Olamwin.  The atoll is a popular site with tourists for diving and snorkelling.
Turma do Xaxado
Turma do Xaxado is a Brazilian comic strip created by the cartoonist Antônio Cedraz. Set in a rural area in Bahia, more precisely in the Caatinga region, it shows the adventures of a boy who lives on a lower-class farm and his friends. Most of the stories are focused on comedy, showing Xaxado and his friends in funny situations often with an absurd and slapstick humor, with creatures from Brazilian mythology like Saci, the Headless Mule and Iara. However, environmental matters and financial conditions are also shown in many stories, showing the problems that occur in the Caatinga region such as drought and unemployment.

The comics have been published in various newspapers and magazines. The last comic book was published in 2010 by HQM Editora. In 2015, a new cartoon was announced.

Slapstick
Slapstick is a style of humor involving exaggerated physical activity that exceeds the boundaries of normal physical comedy. Slapstick may involve both intentional violence and violence by mishap, often resulting from physical abuse and/or inept use of props such as saws and ladders.

The term arises from a device developed for use in the broad, physical comedy style known as commedia dell'arte in 16th-century Italy. The "slap stick" consists of two thin slats of wood, which makes a "slap" when striking another actor, with little force needed to make a loud—and comical—sound. The physical slap stick remains a key component of the plot in the traditional and popular Punch and Judy puppet show. More contemporary examples of slapstick humor include The Three Stooges, The Naked Gun and Mr. Bean.
Wojkowice
Wojkowice [vɔi̯kɔˈvʲit͡sɛ] is a town in the Silesian Voivodeship in southern Poland, located in the Dąbrowa Basin, near Katowice. Wojkowice is located in the Silesian Highlands, on the Brynica river (tributary of the Vistula), and historically belongs to Lesser Poland. Its name comes from ancient Polish given name Wojek, which might have been a diminutive of Wojslaw. Several other locations in Poland have been named in a similar fashion – Wojslawice, Wojkowo, Wojkow, Wojkowa.

The town used to be in Katowice Voivodeship, but has been part of the Silesian Voivodeship since the formation of the voivodeship in 1999. Wojkowice is one of the cities of the 2.7 million conurbation – Katowice urban area and within a greater Katowice-Ostrava metropolitan area populated by about 5,294,000 people. The population of the town is 8,927 (2019).

Brynica
The Brynica (German: Brinitz) is a river in the Silesian Voivodeship of Poland. It has a length of 54.9 km (34.1 mi) and has a drainage basin area of 483 km2 (186 sq mi). The river is the main tributary of the Czarna Przemsza.
Kirari Assembly constituency
Kirari Assembly constituency is one of the seventy Delhi assembly constituencies of Delhi in northern India.
Kirari assembly constituency is a part of North West Delhi (Lok Sabha constituency). This constituency was created by reorganization by delimitation commission in 2008. The geographical area of Kirari Assembly Constituency is roughly 2820 acres. There are 106 unauthorized colonies and three villages in this area.

Delimitation Commission of India
The Delimitation Commission of India is a commission established by the Government of India under the provisions of the Delimitation Commission Act, tasked with redrawing the boundaries of legislative assembly and Lok Sabha constituencies based on the last census. The present delimitation of constituencies is based on the 2001 census under the provisions of the Delimitation Act, 2002.

The Commission is an independent body whose orders cannot be challenged in any court of law. The orders are laid before the Lok Sabha and the respective State Legislative Assemblies. However, modifications are not permitted. The next delimitation can not be held before 2026.
Tapeinochilos
Tapeinochilos is a group of plants in the  Costaceae described as a genus in 1869. It is native to Queensland, Papuasia, and the Indonesian Province of Maluku. Centered in Papua New Guinea, only three of the approximately 16 species occur outside of the country.

Papuasia
Papuasia is a Level 2 botanical region defined in the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD). It lies in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, in the Melanesia ecoregion of Oceania and Tropical Asia.

It comprises the following geographic and political entities:

Aru Islands (Indonesia; treated as part of Western New Guinea in the Scheme)

New Guinea
Papua New Guinea
Western New Guinea (Indonesia)

Solomon Islands (archipelago)
Bougainville
Solomon Islands (excluding the Santa Cruz Islands)
Third Coast Percussion
Third Coast Percussion is an American percussion ensemble based in Chicago, Illinois, United States.

Specializing in contemporary classical music, the group is composed of Sean Connors, Robert Dillon, Peter Martin, and David Skidmore. Its album, Third Coast Percussion | Steve Reich, won a Grammy Award for Best Chamber Music/Small Ensemble Performance, making the ensemble the first percussion group to win in a chamber music category.

Contemporary classical music
Contemporary classical music is Western art music composed close to the present day. At the beginning of the 21st century, it commonly referred to the post-1945 post-tonal music after the death of Anton Webern, and included serial music, electronic music, experimental music, and minimalist music. Newer forms of music include spectral music and post-minimalism.
Don Coleman (musician)
Don Coleman is a Canadian vocalist, songwriter, lyricist, performer and AC/DC tribute frontman.

In the autumn of 2021 Don Coleman released a song and video titled "Albert County Home Sweet Home" that celebrates Albert County, New Brunswick, Canada.

Albert County, New Brunswick
Albert County (2021 population 30,749) is New Brunswick's third-youngest county, located on the Western side of the Petitcodiac River on the Chignecto Bay in the Bay of Fundy;  the shire town is Hopewell Cape. The county was established in 1845 from parts of Westmorland County and Saint John County, and named after Prince Albert. Since the abolition of county municipal governments in 1967, its best-known use is as a census division.

The mineral albertite was discovered a few miles away in 1849, giving rise to Albert Mines.
Stavros Katsanevas
Stavros Katsanevas (1953 – 27 November 2022) was a Greek-French astrophysicist who was director of the European Gravitational Observatory, professor (Exceptional Class) at the Université Paris Cité, former director of the AstroParticle and Cosmology (APC) laboratory and former chairman of the Astroparticle Physics European Consortium (APPEC). In 2000, he received for his work on supersymmetry the Physics Prize from the Academy of Athens. In 2011, he was awarded the Ordre National du Merite. He was an ordinary member of Academy of Europe, Earth and Cosmic Sciences since 2019.

Ordre national du Mérite
The Ordre national du Mérite (French: [ɔʁdʁ nɑsjɔnal dy meʁit]; English: National Order of Merit) is a French order of merit with membership awarded by the President of the French Republic, founded on 3 December 1963 by President Charles de Gaulle. The reason for the order's establishment was twofold: to replace the large number of ministerial orders previously awarded by the ministries; and to create an award that can be awarded at a lower level than the Legion of Honour, which is generally reserved for French citizens. It comprises about 185,000 members; 306,000 members have been admitted or promoted in 50 years.
Thirunellai
Thirunellai (translit=Tirunellāyi)  is a residential area in Palakkad district, Kerala, India. It is located on the banks of the Kannadi River and is about five kilometers from the district headquarters. It comes under the Kannadi Panchayath. It is about 4km from Kuzhalmannam.

Thirunellayi is famous for its Tamil Brahmin agraharam (Malayalm: പൈതൃക ഗ്രാമം, romanized: Paitr̥ka Grāmaṁ, lit. 'Heritage Village'). Thirunellayi comprises wards 35 and 36 of Palakkad Municipality.

Tamil Brahmin
Tamil Brahmins are an ethnoreligious community of Tamil-speaking Brahmins, predominantly living in Tamil Nadu, though they number significantly in Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Telangana in addition to other regions of India. They can be broadly divided into two denominations: Iyengars, who are adherents of Sri Vaishnavism, and Iyers, who follow the Srauta and Smarta traditions.

Although they form a tiny minority within their society, the Ceylonese Tamil Brahmins have been an integral part of the Sri Lankan Tamil community since the foundation of the Jaffna Kingdom by potentially a family of Tamil Brahmins, namely the Aryacakravarti dynasty. Their community was mainly strengthened by the more recent settlement of Tamil Brahmins from the Iyer caste in Sri Lanka, mostly from the second half of the 18th century.