hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Judaism and masturbation
The prohibition of extracting semen in vain (in Hebrew: הוצאת זרע לבטלה) is (according to Orthodox Judaism) a Biblical prohibition derived from (Genesis 38:7), this is explained in the Midrash and Talmud. (A Rabbinical prohibition is one that is not found in the Torah by way of biblical exegesis - a Biblical prohibition is one that is.) The prohibition forbids a male from intentional wasteful spilling of his semen. Unintentional wasting of seed is also a (lesser) sin according to the Oral Torah.

Jewish religious authorities widely dispute whether it is a biblical prohibition or a rabbinical prohibition.

Biblical studies
Biblical studies is the academic application of a set of diverse disciplines to the study of the Bible, with Bible referring to the books of the canonical Hebrew Bible in mainstream Jewish usage and the Christian Bible including the canonical Old Testament and New Testament, respectively. For its theory and methods, the field draws on disciplines ranging from ancient history, historical criticism, philology, theology, textual criticism, literary criticism, historical backgrounds, mythology, and comparative religion.
Tut-Khaltuy
Tut-Khaltuy (Russian: Тут-Халтуй) is a rural locality (a selo) in Ononsky District, Zabaykalsky Krai, Russia. Population: 383 (2021 census); 488 (2010 census); 582 (2002 census);  There are 4 streets in this selo.

Zabaykalsky Krai
Zabaykalsky Krai is a federal subject of Russia (a krai), located in the Russian Far East. Its administrative center is Chita. As of the 2010 Census, the population was 1,107,107.

The krai was created on 1 March 2008, as a result of a merger of Chita Oblast and Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug after a referendum held on the issue on 11 March 2007. In 2018, the krai became part of the Far Eastern Federal District.
Business and management research
Business and management research is a systematic inquiry that helps to solve business problems and contributes to management knowledge. It Is an applied research.

Four factors (Easterby-Smith, 2008)  combine to make business and management a distinctive focus for research :

Transdiscipline approach

Information access is difficult since managers see information as competitive advantage on the market

Managers are educated and want some information produced by the classical research method

Finding must resolve practical management problems

Managers often need information of high quality to help them to make the right decision.

Applied science
Applied science is the application of the scientific method and scientific knowledge to attain practical goals. It includes a broad range of disciplines, such as engineering and medicine. Applied science is often contrasted with basic science, which is focused on advancing scientific theories and laws that explain and predict natural or other phenomena.

There are applied natural sciences, as well as applied formal and social sciences. Applied science examples include genetic epidemiology which applies statistics and probability theory, and applied psychology, including criminology.
Triple 8
Triple 8 (a.k.a. 888 or Triple Eight) was an English boy band signed to Polydor Records and Osmosis Records. The group was marketed as the British equivalent of NSYNC, and rivals to manufactured boy bands such as Five, Westlife and A1.

The group had two consecutive Top 10 singles, "Knockout" and "Give Me a Reason", which charted at number 8 and 9 respectively in the UK Singles Chart. Despite moderate chart success, Polydor chose to drop the band in early 2004, leaving their already recorded debut album, Heavy W8, unreleased. In 2004, they reformed with new member Stewart Macintosh, and released a third single, "Good 2 Go", which reached number 2 in the UK Indie chart. Macintosh replaced Iain James Farquharson.

Osmose Productions
Osmose Productions (French: [ɔsmoz]) is a French independent record label created in 1991 by Hervé Herbaut, after he had spent three years running a small mail order company. They specialize mainly in death and black metal bands.

Many of the groups who began with Osmose would move on to sign with larger labels, such as Nuclear Blast, Century Media and Metal Blade.
Fencing at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Fencing at the 2004 Summer Olympics took place at the Fencing Hall at the Hellinikon Olympic Complex. Ten gold medals were awarded in individual and team events, further divided into three styles of fencing: épée, foil and sabre.

Fencing is one of the few sports that have been featured in every modern Olympic Games, and for the first time female competitors competed individually using the sabre. The Lexan window mask, showing the athletes' faces, was used for the first time at these Olympics.

Polycarbonate
Polycarbonates (PC) are a group of thermoplastic polymers containing carbonate groups in their chemical structures. Polycarbonates used in engineering are strong, tough materials, and some grades are optically transparent. They are easily worked, molded, and thermoformed.  Because of these properties, polycarbonates find many applications. Polycarbonates do not have a unique resin identification code (RIC) and are identified as "Other", 7 on the RIC list. Products made from polycarbonate can contain the precursor monomer bisphenol A (BPA).
Graham County Courthouse (Kansas)
The Graham County Courthouse, located at 410 North Pomeroy Street in Hill City, is the seat of government of Graham County, Kansas. Hill City has been the county seat since 1880. The courthouse was built from 1957 to 1958 by the architects Mann & Company of Hutchinson, Kansas.

Mann & Company designed the courthouse in the Modern style. The courthouse is located on spacious landscaped grounds in the northeast of the city. It is one story and faces south. It is constructed of glass and concrete with a flat roof.

The first courthouse was two stories and constructed of native stone in 1888 by James P. Pomeroy and W. R. Hill. It had a central clock tower with four faces.

Mann & Company also designed courthouses in Ellis County, Ellsworth County, Lane County, Pratt County, Republic County, Scott County, Stafford County, and Stevens County.

Hutchinson, Kansas
Hutchinson is the largest city in and the county seat of Reno County, Kansas, United States, and located along the Arkansas River. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 40,006.  It has been home to salt mines since 1887, thus its nickname of "Salt City".  Each year, Hutchinson hosts the Kansas State Fair, and National Junior College Athletic Association (NJCAA) Men's Basketball Tournament. It is the home of the Hutchinson Community College, the Cosmosphere aerospace museum, and Strataca underground salt museum.
Barbara Petrongolo
Barbara Petrongolo is an Italian economist, professor, researcher, and writer. She is currently a professor at Queen Mary University of London, Director of the Labour Economics Programme at the Centre for Economic Policy Research, Research Associate at the Centre for Economic Performance at the London School of Economics, and Co-editor of the Economic Journal which is world renowned for being one of the founding economic journals. Petrongolo previously worked at the London School of Economics, the Paris School of Economics and the Universidad Carlos III (Madrid). Petrongolo's economic research focuses on labour economics.

The Economic Journal
The Economic Journal is a peer-reviewed academic journal of economics published on behalf of the Royal Economic Society by Oxford University Press. The journal was established in 1891 and publishes papers from all areas of economics. The editor-in-chief is Francesco Lippi (Libera Università Internazionale degli Studi Sociali Guido Carli & Einaudi Institute for Economics and Finance).

According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 3.178.
Kanthavara
Kanthavara is a village in Karkala taluk of the Udupi district in Karnataka state, India. Kanthavara is located 9.1 km (5.7 mi) from its Taluk town Karkal. Kanthavara is 30.8 km (19.1 mi) from its District Main City Udupi. It is 286 km (178 mi) from its State capital Bangalore. A road from Manjarapalke goes to interior places of Bola, Beladi and Kanthavara as well. The well known temple of Lord Shiva is located in Kanthavara.

It is mostly a forest area with agriculture being the most important economic activity. Poultry, dairy, horticulture being secondary businesses. There is also the "toddy" (known as kali in the native language Tulu) business wherein toddy is tapped from the trees and sold in households or at the toddy shops. Beedi (a kind of small cigarette) packaging is also a small-time business. Fruits like pineapple, cashew-nuts, mango, coconut and others are grown there in their natural habitat. Wild boar hunting is a sport cum business where the meat is sold.

Karkala
Karkala (Kannada: [kɑːɾkəɭə]) (Tulu: [kɑːɾlə]) is a town and the headquarters of eponymous Karkala taluk in the Udupi district of Karnataka state in India. It is well known as an important center of Jainism, with several ancient basadis (Jain temples) and the iconic 42-foot monolithic statue of Bahubali (Gommateshwara) dating back to the 15th century. Karkala lies near the foothills of the Western Ghats, and has a number of natural and historical landmarks, and is a major tourist and transit destination due to its strategic location along the way to Hebri, Sringeri, Kalasa, Horanadu, Udupi, Kollur, Subrahmanya and Dharmasthala.
A. B. Maguire
Augustus Benedict Maguire (1847 – January 7, 1924) was an American miner, mason, merchant and politician who served in the California State Assembly from 1880 to 1881, as undersheriff of San Francisco from 1893 to 1895, the San Francisco Board of Supervisors from January to June 1900, and the San Francisco Board of Public Works from 1900 to 1902.

Maguire was an unsuccessful candidate for school director in 1884 and tax collector in 1890. He was active in urban renewal efforts and was considered the "father" of the Mission District viaduct. He was also a founding member of the Young Men's Institute. After leaving public office, he worked as an inspector for the Pacific Gas and Electric Company for twenty years.

Mission District, San Francisco
The Mission District (Spanish: Distrito de la Misión), commonly known as the Mission (Spanish: La Misión), is a neighborhood in San Francisco, California. One of the oldest neighborhoods in San Francisco, the Mission District's name is derived from Mission San Francisco de Asís, built in 1776 by the Spanish. The Mission is historically one of the most notable centers of the city's Chicano/Mexican-American community.
Another Job for the Undertaker
Another Job for the Undertaker is a 1901 silent comic trick film made at Edison's recently opened studio at 41 East 21st Street in Manhattan. It was photographed by Edwin S. Porter and co-directed by Porter and George S. Fleming. The two-shot film was copyrighted on May 15, 1901 and is approximately two minutes in length. It lacks a head title, which would have been supplied by projecting a separate lantern slide before screening the film.

Edwin S. Porter
Edwin Stanton Porter (April 21, 1870 – April 30, 1941) was an American film pioneer, most famous as a producer, director, studio manager and cinematographer with the Edison Manufacturing Company and the Famous Players Film Company. Of over 250 films created by Porter; his most important include What Happened on Twenty-third Street, New York City (1901), Jack and the Beanstalk (1902), Life of an American Fireman (1903), The Great Train Robbery (1903), The European Rest Cure (1904), The Kleptomaniac (1905), Life of a Cowboy (1906), Rescued from an Eagle's Nest (1908), and The Prisoner of Zenda (1913).
Yvonne Vermaak
Yvonne Vermaak (born 18 December 1956) is a former tour tennis player who represented her native South Africa.

Vermaak's best result was reaching the semi-finals of the 1983 Wimbledon Championships, defeating Virginia Wade in the quarter-finals.

In 1977 she won the All England Plate, a competition for players who were defeated in the first three rounds of the Wimbledon singles competition. In the final she defeated Sue Mappin in straight sets.

Late in her playing career, Vermaak became an American citizen.

Vermaak played USTA Master's tennis. Representing Illinois, she was the 1992 Singles Champion of the USTA National Women's Indoor Championships in Homewood for 35s. In 1993, Yvonne Vermaak was the 25s Singles Champion, and again she was the 25s Singles Champion in 1994. In 1995, Vermaak moved to doubles, winning the 25s and 35s doubles with Ann Kiyomura-Hayashi of California. The 1995 Championships was Vermaak's last USTA Championships win.

1983 Wimbledon Championships
The 1983 Wimbledon Championships was a tennis tournament played on grass courts at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club in Wimbledon, London in the United Kingdom. It was the 97th edition of the Wimbledon Championships and were held from 20 June to 3 July 1983.
Table tennis at the 2017 Summer Universiade
Table tennis was contested at the 2017 Summer Universiade from August 22 to 29 at the New Taipei City Xinzhuang Gymnasium 1F in New Taipei City, Taiwan. Men's and women's singles, men's and women's team, and men's, women's, and mixed doubles events were contested.

2017 Summer Universiade
The 2017 Summer Universiade (Chinese: 2017年夏季世界大學運動會; pinyin: Èr líng yī qī Nián Xiàjì Shìjiè Dàxué Yùndònghuì), officially known as the XXIX Summer Universiade (Chinese: 第二十九屆夏季世界大學運動會; pinyin: Dì èrshíjiǔ jiè xiàjì shìjiè dàxué yùndònghuì) and commonly called Taipei 2017 (Chinese: 台北2017; pinyin: Táiběi Èr líng yī qī), was a multi-sport event, sanctioned by the International University Sports Federation (FISU), held in the city of Taipei, Taiwan. It took place from August 19 to August 30, 2017.
Helen MacNamara
Helen MacNamara CB is a British former civil servant, who served as the Deputy Cabinet Secretary in the Cabinet Office from 2020 to 2021. She had previously worked as Deputy Secretary to the Cabinet from January 2019 and was Director General for Propriety and Ethics in 2018. Previous to this, she was the Director General for Housing and Planning in the Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government. She worked for Jeremy Heywood in the Cabinet Secretariat from 2013 to 2016.

As a Director in the Department of Culture, Media and Sport she worked on the London 2012 Olympic bid and staging of the 2012 Summer Olympics. Earlier in her career, she worked as principal Private Secretary to Tessa Jowell and was responsible for setting up the Leveson Inquiry into British media ethics and the subsequent cross-party response.

Minister of State for Housing and Planning (United Kingdom)
The Minister of State for Housing and Planning is a mid-level position in the Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government in the British government. The position has been held by Matthew Pennycook since 6 July 2024.

The position was formerly known as the Minister for Housing, Planning and Regeneration; Minister of State for Housing and Planning; and the Minister of State for Housing and Local Government
Balzani
Balzani is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Annarita Balzani (born 1967), Italian sprinter

Roberto Balzani (born 1961), Italian historian, professor and politician

Ugo Balzani (1847–1916), Italian historian

Vincenzo Balzani (born 1936), Italian chemist

Roberto Balzani
Roberto Balzani (born 21 August 1961 in Forlì) is an Italian historian, professor and politician.

He is professor of contemporary history at the University of Bologna. His works mainly focus on the Italian Risorgimento and history of Italy in the 19th century.

Balzani is a member of the Democratic Party and served as Mayor of Forlì from June 2009 to May 2014.
Woodford County, Kentucky
Woodford County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 26,871. Its county seat is Versailles. The area was home to Pisgah Academy. Woodford County is part of the Lexington-Fayette, KY Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is located in the center of the Bluegrass region of Kentucky.

Bluegrass region
38°00′N 84°30′W﻿ / ﻿38.0°N 84.5°W﻿ / 38.0; -84.5

The Bluegrass region is a geographic region in the U.S. state of Kentucky. It makes up the central and northern part of the state,  roughly bounded by the cities of Frankfort, Paris, Richmond and Stanford. It is part of the Interior Low Plateaus ecoregion.

"Bluegrass" is a common name given in the United States for grass of the Poa genus, the most famous being the Kentucky bluegrass. Despite its name, Kentucky bluegrass is native to North Africa and was likely introduced around 1600.
ABL (gene)
Tyrosine-protein kinase ABL1 also known as ABL1 is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the ABL1 gene (previous symbol ABL) located on chromosome 9. c-Abl is sometimes used to refer to the version of the gene found within the mammalian genome, while v-Abl refers to the viral gene, which was initially isolated from the Abelson murine leukemia virus.

Chromosome 9
Chromosome 9 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. Humans normally have two copies of this chromosome, as they normally do with all chromosomes. Chromosome 9 spans about 138 million base pairs of nucleic acids (the building blocks of DNA) and represents between 4.0 and 4.5% of the total DNA in cells.
Sındıran, Haymana
Sındıran (formerly Yenice) is a rural neighbourhood (mahalle) in the municipality and district of Haymana, Ankara Province, Turkey. Its population is 1,778 (2022). Before the 2013 reorganisation, it was a town (belde).

The town is populated by Kurds.

Ankara Province
Ankara Province (Turkish: Ankara ili, pronounced [ˈaŋkaɾa iˈli]) is a province and metropolitan municipality of Turkey with the capital city Ankara. Its area is 25,632 km2, and its population is 5,782,285 (2022).
Duluth Complex
The Duluth Complex, the related Beaver Bay Complex, and the associated North Shore Volcanic Group are rock formations which comprise much of the basement bedrock of the northeastern part of the U.S. state of Minnesota in central North America. The Duluth and Beaver Bay complexes are intrusive rocks formed about 1.1 billion years ago during the Midcontinent Rift; these adjoin and are interspersed with the extrusive rocks of the North Shore Volcanic Group produced during that same geologic event. These formations are part of the Superior Upland physiographic region of the United States, which is associated with the Laurentian Upland of the Canadian Shield, the core of the North American Craton.

Basement (geology)
In geology, basement and crystalline basement are crystalline rocks lying above the mantle and beneath all other rocks and sediments. They are sometimes exposed at the surface, but often they are buried under miles of rock and sediment. The basement rocks lie below a sedimentary platform or cover, or more generally any rock below sedimentary rocks or sedimentary basins that are metamorphic or igneous in origin. In the same way, the sediments or sedimentary rocks on top of the basement can be called a "cover" or "sedimentary cover".

Basement rock consists of continental crustal rock which has been modified several times through tectonic events including deformation, metamorphism, deposition, partial melting and magmatism.
Gustavo Zapata
Gustavo Miguel Zapata (born 15 October 1967 in Saladillo) is a retired Argentine footballer who played as a midfielder. He played for the Argentina national team at the 1991 Copa América in Chile, the 1993 Copa América in Ecuador, and in 1998 FIFA World Cup qualification.

1998 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)
Listed below are the dates and results for the 1998 FIFA World Cup qualification rounds for the South American zone (CONMEBOL). For an overview of the qualification rounds, see the article 1998 FIFA World Cup qualification.

A total of 10 CONMEBOL teams entered the competition. The South American zone was allocated 5 places (out of 32) in the final tournament. Brazil, the defending champions, qualified automatically, leaving 4 spots open for competition between 9 teams.

This was the first World Cup qualifying competition to involve all of the yet-unqualified teams in the confederation playing against each other home and away to decide places in the tournament, a format that was replicated for subsequent World Cup qualifying competitions between CONMEBOL members.
Calle 54
Calle 54 is a 2000 documentary film about Latin jazz by Spanish director Fernando Trueba. With only minimal introductory voiceovers, the film consists of studio performances by a wide array of Latin Jazz musicians. Artists featured include Chucho Valdés, Bebo Valdés, Cachao, Eliane Elias, Gato Barbieri, Tito Puente, Paquito D'Rivera, Chano Domínguez, Jerry Gonzalez, Dave Valentin, Aquíles Báez, and Michel Camilo. The film takes its name from Sony Music Studios, where much of the film was shot, which are located on 54th Street in New York City.

Chucho Valdés
Dionisio Jesús Valdés Rodríguez, better known as Chucho (born October 9, 1941), is a Cuban pianist, bandleader, composer and arranger whose career spans over 50 years. An original member of the Orquesta Cubana de Música Moderna, in 1973 he founded the group Irakere, one of Cuba's best-known Latin jazz bands.

Both his father, Bebo Valdés, and his son, Chuchito, are pianists as well. As a solo artist, he has won seven Grammy Awards and four Latin Grammy Awards.
Young Shire
Young Shire was a local government area in the South West Slopes region of New South Wales, Australia. The Shire was located adjacent to the Olympic Highway.

Young Shire was created on 1 July 1980 from the amalgamation of the Municipality of Young with the surrounding Burrangong Shire.

The Shire included the town of Young and the small towns of Maimuru, Milvale, Thuddungra, Bribbaree, Monteagle, Wirrimah, Bendick Murrell, Koorawatha and Murringo.

In 2016, Young Shire was amalgamated into Hilltops Council. The last mayor of Young Shire Council was Cr. Brian Ingram, an independent politician.

Murringo
Murringo is a small village in the southwestern slopes of New South Wales, Australia in Hilltops Council. It was once better known as Marengo. The name is also applied to the surrounding area, for postal and statistical purposes.
Emeka Enejere
Emmanuel Nnaemeka Enejere (listenⓘ;(1944–2016) was a Nigerian academic and a political scientist. He was the 14th Pro-chancellor and Chairman of the Governing Council of the University of Nigeria, Nsukka and a former president of the National Union of Biafran Students in the midst of the Nigerian Civil War.

Pro-chancellor
A pro-chancellor is an officer of some universities in Commonwealth countries and Hong Kong. The pro-chancellor acts as a deputy to the chancellor and as practical chairman of the university council. In this role, a pro-chancellor may fulfil a number of formal and informal functions, such as presiding over conferment of degrees, regulatory oversight of the university, and facilitating partnerships or relationships in other settings. The actual chief executive of a university is the vice-chancellor.