hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Electromeric effect
In chemistry, the electromeric effect is a molecular polarization occurring by an intramolecular electron displacement, characterized by the substitution of one electron pair for another within the same atomic octet of electrons. It is sometimes called the conjugative mechanism, and previously, the tautomeric mechanism. The electromeric effect is often considered along with the inductive effect as types of electron displacement. Although some people refer to it as an effect produced by the presence of a reagent like an electrophile or a nucleophile, IUPAC does not define it as such. The term electromeric effect is no longer used in standard texts and is considered as obsolete. The concepts implied by the terms electromeric effect and mesomeric effect are absorbed in the term resonance effect. This effect can be represented using curved arrows, which symbolize the electron shift, as in the diagram below:

Chemical polarity
In chemistry, polarity is a separation of electric charge leading to a molecule or its chemical groups having an electric dipole moment, with a negatively charged end and a positively charged end.

Polar molecules must contain one or more polar bonds due to a difference in electronegativity between the bonded atoms. Molecules containing polar bonds have no molecular polarity if the bond dipoles cancel each other out by symmetry.

Polar molecules interact through dipole-dipole intermolecular forces and hydrogen bonds. Polarity underlies a number of physical properties including surface tension, solubility, and melting and boiling points.
Samsung Strategy and Innovation Center
Samsung Strategy and Innovation Center (SSIC) is a division of Samsung Electronics. It works with entrepreneurs and corporate partners to invest in disruptive technologies, such as artificial intelligence, digital health, mobility, the Internet of Things, and other consumer-facing applications of data-driven technology.

SSIC was founded in 2012 and is headquartered in Menlo Park, California with additional locations in San Jose, California, Paris, France, Tel Aviv, Israel and Seoul, South Korea. SSIC is led by Young Sohn, Samsung Electronics' president and chief strategy officer.

Menlo Park, California
Menlo Park (/ˈmɛnloʊ/ MEN-loh) is a city in San Mateo County in the San Francisco Bay Area of California, United States.  Located at the eastern edge of the county, It is bordered by San Francisco Bay on the north and east; East Palo Alto, Palo Alto, and Stanford to the south; and Atherton, North Fair Oaks, and Redwood City to the west. It had 33,780 residents at the 2020 United States census. It is home to the corporate headquarters of Meta Platforms, and is where Google, Roblox Corporation, Round Table Pizza, and SRI International were founded.  The train station holds the record as the oldest continually operating train station in California. It is one of the most educated cities in California and the United States; nearly 70% of residents over 25 have earned a bachelor's degree or higher.
Archeophone Records
Archeophone Records is a record company and label founded in 1998 to document the early days of America's recording history. It was started by Richard Martin and Meagan Hennessey, a husband and wife who run the company in Champaign, Illinois. Archeophone restores and remasters audio from cylinders and discs of jazz, popular music, vaudeville, and spoken word recordings.

Archeophone has released recordings by Billy Murray, Bert Williams, Guido Deiro, Nora Bayes, Jack Norworth, Eddie Morton, and by jazz ensembles the Six Brown Brothers, the Benson Orchestra of Chicago, and Art Hickman's Orchestra.

Compilations include Vess Ossman, Arthur Collins and Byron G. Harlan, Henry Burr, Bob Roberts, Ada Jones, Fred Van Eps,  Sophie Tucker, Harry Lauder, and the American, Peerless, and Haydn Quartets.

The company is not affiliated with the Archéophone manufacturer Henri Chamoux.

Archéophone
The Archéophone is a modern, electric version of the phonographs and ediphones from the 19th and early 20th century. It is specifically designed to transfer phonograph cylinders and other cylinder formats to modern recording media.

Designed in France by Henri Chamoux, the machine is used to transfer and preserve recordings at The Library of Congress, the Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Edison National Historic Site, UC Santa Barbara, University of North Carolina, University College Dublin, the Canadian Museum of Civilization and many other libraries and archives. Weighing almost 25 kg and costing over US $30,000, the Archéophone is a specialist's tool and not available to the general public. However, CDs with transferred cylinder recordings have been made available by various record labels and organizations.
Chai Lee
Chai Lee is an actress, born in Canton, China.

She is best known for her appearances in British films and television, particularly her uncredited role as a Moonbase Alpha operative in the science fiction series Space 1999, as Esther in The Professionals and her performance in the crime drama Gangsters, as Lily Li Tang.

Her other TV appearances include The Benny Hill Show, Angels and as Suki in the "Tomkinson's Schooldays" episode ofRipping Yarns.

Her film credits include Yellow Emanuelle, Queen Kong and The Great Muppet Caper. Lee also makes an appearance in the 1981 James Bond film For Your Eyes Only.

Angels (TV series)
Angels is a British television seasonal drama series dealing with the subject of student nurses, which was broadcast by the BBC between 1975 and 1983. It was described as the "Z-Cars of nursing".

The show's format switched to a twice-weekly soap opera format (although still seasonal) from 1979 to 1983.
Wrzosówka, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Wrzosówka [vʐɔˈsufka] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Małogoszcz, within Jędrzejów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) north of Małogoszcz, 25 km (16 mi) north of Jędrzejów, and 25 km (16 mi) west of the regional capital Kielce.

Jędrzejów
Jędrzejów (Polish: [jɛnˈdʐɛjuf] ⓘ; Yiddish: יענדזשעוו, romanized: Yendzshev, Latin: Andreiow) is a town in southern Poland, located in the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. It lies approximately 35 kilometres (22 miles) southwest of Kielce. It is the capital of Jędrzejów County. It has 16,139 inhabitants (2011).
Robyn Grey-Gardner
Robyn Grey-Gardner (born 6 September 1964) is an Australian former eight-time national champion, national representative, Olympic and Commonwealth Games medal winning rower. She won Australian championships in all three sweep-oared women's rowing events - the coxless pair, the coxless four and in the eight.

Mosman Rowing Club
Mosman Rowing Club is an all-level competitive and recreational rowing club on the North Shore of Sydney. Since 2007 the club's facilities have been wholly located at The Spit in Sydney's Middle Harbour, the northern arm of Port Jackson.
Carew Bridge
Carew Bridge is a bridge and causeway that carries the A4075 road across the Carew River. A causeway either side rises to a central humpback bridge with three segmental arches, the centre one higher than those either side, with cutwaters between the arches guiding the river to pass through.

Starling (structure)
In architecture, a starling (or sterling) is a defensive bulwark, usually built with pilings or bricks or blocks of stone, surrounding the supports (or piers) of a bridge or similar construction.

Starlings may be shaped to ease the flow of the water around the bridge, reducing the damage caused by erosion or collisions with flood-borne debris or river traffic. They may also form an important part of the structure of the bridge, spreading the weight of the piers.

The term cutwater is used for such a structure shaped with water flow in mind, as a pier or starling with a diamond point. A starkwater is a bulwark against ice floes.

Depending on their shape and location, some starlings may accumulate river debris, mud and other objects, potentially creating navigational hazards or hindering downstream water flow.
Duborg-Skolen
Duborg-Skolen is a Danish non-denominational secondary school with Sixth Form extension located in Flensburg, Germany. It is one of a number of schools operated by members of the Danish minority of Southern Schleswig, and it is the leading school for this community.

The school teaches both Danish and German at native-speaker level. All other topics are instructed in Danish.

Duborg-Skolen was established in 1924 as a Danish realskole and in 1958 it was recognized as a non-denominational school with Sixth Form extension. The curriculum enables its students to continue education in both Germany and Denmark.

Its buildings are located in the Flensburg district of Duburg (Danish: Duborg), hence the name, and operated by the Dansk Skoleforening for Sydslesvig (Danish School Association for Southern Schleswig).

Danish minority of Southern Schleswig
The Danish ethnic minority in Southern Schleswig, Germany, has existed by this name since 1920, when the Schleswig Plebiscite split German-ruled Schleswig into two parts: Northern Schleswig with a Danish majority and a German minority was united with Denmark, while Southern Schleswig remained a part of Germany and had a German majority and Danish and Frisian minority populations. Their historic roots go back to the beginning of Danish settlement after the emigration of the Angles. One of the most common names they use to describe themselves is danske sydslesvigere (English: Danish South Schleswigians; German: Dänische Südschleswiger).

Denmark has continued to support the minority financially. Danish schools and organizations have been run in Flensborg since 1920, and since 1926 throughout the greater region. Before the adoption of the democratic Weimar Constitution it was not allowed to teach in another language than German in school (apart from religious education lessons).
Photographic magnitude
Photographic magnitude (mph or mp ) is a measure of the relative brightness of a star or other astronomical object as imaged on a photographic film emulsion with a camera attached to a telescope. An object's apparent photographic magnitude depends on its intrinsic luminosity, its distance and any extinction of light by interstellar matter existing along the line of sight to the observer.

Photographic observations have now been superseded by electronic photometry such as CCD charge-coupled device cameras that convert the incoming light into an electric current by the photoelectric effect. Determination of magnitude is made using a photometer.

Telescope
A telescope is a device used to observe distant objects by their emission, absorption, or reflection of electromagnetic radiation. Originally, it was an optical instrument using lenses, curved mirrors, or a combination of both to observe distant objects – an optical telescope. Nowadays, the word "telescope" is defined as a wide range of instruments capable of detecting different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, and in some cases other types of detectors.

The first known practical telescopes were refracting telescopes with glass lenses and were invented in the Netherlands at the beginning of the 17th century. They were used for both terrestrial applications and astronomy.

The reflecting telescope, which uses mirrors to collect and focus light, was invented within a few decades of the first refracting telescope.

In the 20th century, many new types of telescopes were invented, including radio telescopes in the 1930s and infrared telescopes in the 1960s.
Seyyed Hassan Eslami Ardakani
Seyyed Hassan Eslami Ardakani (born December 23, 1960) is an Iranian philosopher and professor of ethics at the University of Religions and Denominations. He is known for his expertise on virtue ethics, environmental ethics and research ethics. Eslami is a winner of Farabi International Award for his book Human Cloning in Catholic and Islamic Perspectives.

Farabi International Award
The Farabi International Award is given annually by the Iranian Ministry of Science, Research and Technology to individuals who have made outstanding contributions to humanities. Farabi Award winners become a member of Iran's National Elites Foundation.
Viva Ai
Viva Ai (stylized as ViVa A.I.)  is the seventh studio album by Japanese–American singer-songwriter Ai, released March 4, 2009, by Island Records and Universal Sigma. It featured three singles, the 2008 theme song for the film Departures, "Okuribito," a collaboration single with Exile vocalist Atsushi called "So Special" and the preceding single, "You Are My Star."

Rize (band)
Rize (stylized as RIZE) is a Japanese rock band formed in 1997, debuting in 2000 and currently signed with Warner Music Japan. The band currently consists of Jesse McFaddin (lead vocals/guitar), Nobuaki Kaneko (drums), and KenKen (bass). Their music style is a mix of nu metal, alternative rock, punk rock, hard rock and even some reggae flavor. Their song "ZERO" from Experience album has been featured on Coca-Cola commercial in Japan and Asian countries. Their single "Gunshot" has been featured in Resident Evil: Dead Aim credits.Their song "Muppet" from the album 𝘌𝘹𝘱𝘦𝘳𝘪𝘦𝘯𝘤𝘦 was featured in the videogame Kurohyō: Ryū ga Gotoku Shinshō as the main theme of the game, and even having an instrumental version as the music that plays in the final boss fight.
Marie Bethell Beauclerc
Marie Bethell Beauclerc (10 October 1845 – 19 September 1897) was a pioneer in the teaching of Pitman's shorthand and typing in Birmingham, England. In 1888 she was the first woman to be appointed as a teacher in an English boys' public school, at Rugby School. The Phonetic Journal, September 1891 and the journal, Birmingham Faces And Places, September 1892, both credit her with being the first female reporter in England.

Typing
Typing is the process of entering or inputting text by pressing keys on a typewriter, computer keyboard, mobile phone, or calculator. It can be distinguished from other means of text input, such as handwriting and speech recognition; text can be in the form of letters, numbers and other symbols. The world's first typist was Lillian Sholes from Wisconsin in the United States, the daughter of Christopher Latham Sholes, who invented the first practical typewriter.

User interface features such as spell checker and autocomplete serve to facilitate and speed up typing and to prevent or correct errors the typist may make.
Soledad Belotto
Soledad María Gudelia Belotto Alé (born 14 August 2003) is a Paraguayan footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Liga F club Alhama CF. She has previously played for Colombian side Junior and Italian Serie A club Juventus.

Juventus FC (women)
Juventus Football Club (from Latin: iuventūs, 'youth'; Italian pronunciation: [juˈvɛntus]), known for commercial purposes as Juventus Women or simply Juve Women ([ˈjuːve ˈwiːmen]), is a women's football club based in Turin, Piedmont, Italy. It was established in 2017 as the women's section of the homonymous club, following an acquisition of Cuneo's sporting licence.

The team competes in Serie A, the top flight in national football, since its debut in the 2017–18 season. They have won six league titles, four Coppa Italia titles, four Supercoppa Italiana titles, and one Serie A Women's Cup title, becoming one of the country's most successful teams. In 2020–21, they became the first Italian club (women's or men's) to accomplish a perfect season, having won all their league matches. In 2021–22, Juventus became the first team to win five consecutive league titles, and they accomplished their first domestic treble.
Solicited-node multicast address
A solicited-node multicast address is an IPv6 multicast address used by the Neighbor Discovery Protocol to determine the link layer address associated with a given IPv6 address, which is also used to check if an address is already being used by the local-link or not, through a process called DAD (Duplicate Address Detection). The solicited-node multicast addresses are generated from the host's IPv6 unicast or anycast address, and each interface must have a solicited-node multicast address associated with it.

A solicited-node address is created by taking the least-significant 24 bits of a unicast or anycast address and appending them to the prefix ff02::1:ff00:0/104.

Unicast
In computer networking, unicast is a one-to-one transmission from one point in the network to another point; that is, one sender and one receiver, each identified by a network address.

Unicast is in contrast to multicast and broadcast which are one-to-many transmissions.

Internet Protocol unicast delivery methods such as Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP) are typically used.
Hercules Inc.
Hercules, Inc. was a chemical and munitions manufacturing company based in Wilmington, Delaware, United States, incorporated in 1912 as the Hercules Powder Company following the breakup of the DuPont explosives monopoly by the U.S. Circuit Court in 1911.  Hercules Powder Company became Hercules, Inc. in 1966,  operating under this name until 2008, when it was merged into Ashland Inc.

An earlier Hercules Powder Company was formed in 1882 by DuPont and Laflin & Rand Powder Company.  This company was dissolved on June 30, 1904.

Hercules was one of the major producers of smokeless powder for warfare in the United States during the 20th century. At the time of its spin-off, the DuPont Corp. retained the processes and patents for the production of "single-base" nitrocellulose gunpowders, whereas Hercules was given the patents and processes for the production of "double-base" gunpowders that combined nitrocellulose and nitroglycerine.

Nitrocellulose
Nitrocellulose (also known as cellulose nitrate, flash paper, flash cotton, guncotton, pyroxylin and flash string, depending on form) is a highly flammable compound formed by nitrating cellulose through exposure to a mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid.

One of its first major uses was as guncotton, a replacement for gunpowder as propellant in firearms. It was also used to replace gunpowder as a low-order explosive in mining and other applications. In the form of collodion, it was also a critical component in an early photographic emulsion, the use of which revolutionized photography in the 1860s.  In the 20th century, it was adapted to automobile lacquer and adhesives.
2006–07 Celtic League
The 2006–07 Celtic League (known as the 2006–07 Magners League for sponsorship reasons) was the sixth Celtic League season and the first with Magners as title sponsor. The season commenced on 1 September and was completed on 12 May.

The teams competing remained the same as the previous season with four Irish provinces; Munster, Leinster, Connacht and 2005–06 champions Ulster, three Scottish regions; Edinburgh, Border Reivers and Glasgow Warriors and four Welsh regions; Llanelli Scarlets, Cardiff Blues, Ospreys and Newport Gwent Dragons.

The league was won for the second time in three seasons by the Ospreys, with a final-day win over the Borders, playing their last match, as the Scottish Rugby Union had announced that the Borders would not exist in the following season. Cardiff Blues finished second, making this the only season of the tournament (as of 2021) in which no Irish team made the top two of the United Rugby Championship and predecessor tournaments.

Munster Rugby
Munster Rugby (Irish: Rugbaí Mumhan) is one of the professional provincial rugby teams from the island of Ireland. They compete in the United Rugby Championship and the European Rugby Champions Cup. The team represents the IRFU's Munster Branch, which is responsible for rugby union throughout the Irish province of Munster. The team motto is "To the brave and faithful, nothing is impossible." This is derived from the motto of the MacCarthy clan – "Forti et Fideli nihil difficile". Their main home ground is Thomond Park, Limerick, though some games are played at Musgrave Park, Cork.
Tentōki and Ryūtōki
Tentōki and Ryūtōki (木造天燈鬼立像 mokuzō tentōki ritsuzō) and (木造竜燈鬼立像 mokuzō ryūtōki ritsuzō) are a pair of demon-like creatures in Japanese folklore. They are usually depicted as small oni, and symbolize the power of the Shitennō to repel and defeat evil.

Kōben sculpted notable statues of Tentōki and Ryūtōki, each considered a National Treasure of Japan, carrying lanterns as offering to the Historical Buddha at Kōfuku-ji in Nara.

Japanese folklore
Japanese folklore encompasses the informally learned folk traditions of Japan and the Japanese people as expressed in its oral traditions, customs, and material culture.

In Japanese, the term minkan denshō (民間伝承; "transmissions among the folk") is used to describe folklore. The academic study of folklore is known as minzokugaku (民俗学). Folklorists also employ the term minzoku shiryō (民俗資料) or "folklore material" (民俗資料) to refer to the objects and arts they study.
Anatomical Machines
The Anatomical Machines (Italian: macchine anatomiche) are a pair of anatomical models reproducing the human circulatory system, displayed in the Cappella Sansevero in Naples. Created in the second half of the 18th century, they are constructed over a male and a female human skeleton. The reproduction of the vessel system is formed of metal wire, wax, and silk, but because of its richness of detail it was for a long time believed to be of natural origin.

Skeleton
A skeleton is the structural frame that supports the body of most animals. There are several types of skeletons, including the exoskeleton, which is a rigid outer shell that holds up an organism's shape; the endoskeleton, a rigid internal frame to which the organs and soft tissues attach; and the hydroskeleton, a flexible internal structure supported by the hydrostatic pressure of body fluids.

Vertebrates are animals with an endoskeleton centered around an axial vertebral column, and their skeletons are typically composed of bones and cartilages. Invertebrates are other animals that lack a vertebral column, and their skeletons vary, including hard-shelled exoskeleton (arthropods and most molluscs), plated internal shells (e.g. cuttlebones in some cephalopods) or rods (e.g. ossicles in echinoderms), hydrostatically supported body cavities (most), and spicules (sponges). Cartilage is a rigid connective tissue that is found in the skeletal systems of vertebrates and invertebrates.
Viktor Ivanov
Viktor Petrovich Ivanov (Russian: Виктор Петрович Иванов, born May 12, 1950)  is a Russian politician, businessman and former KGB officer, who served in the KGB Directorate of Leningrad and its successors in 1977–1994. He was the director of The Federal Narcotics Service of Russia from 2008 until 2016.

He has the federal state civilian service rank of 1st class Active State Councillor of the Russian Federation.

1st class Active State Councillor of the Russian Federation
1st class Active State Councillor of the Russian Federation (Russian: действительный государственный советник Российской Федерации 1 класса) is the highest federal state civilian service rank of Russia.

The rank of the 1st class Active State Councillor of the Russian Federation was first introduced with enactment of the Federal Law of 31 July 1995 No.119-FZ "About fundamentals of state service of Russian Federation" (as qualification class) and was retained with enactment of the Federal Law of 27 July 2004 No.79-FZ "About state civilian service of Russian Federation" (as state civilian service rank).

The rank is assigned by the President of Russia. This rank is one step above the rank of 2nd class Active State Councillor of the Russian Federation.

According to the Table approved by the Presidential Decree of 1 February 2005 No.113, the rank of the 1st class Active State Councillor of the Russian Federation is equal to the military rank of the Army general/Fleet admiral.