hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Legal profession
Legal profession is a profession in which legal professionals study, develop and apply law. Usually, there is a requirement for someone choosing a career in law to first pass a bar examination after obtaining a law degree or some other form of legal education such as an apprenticeship in a law office.

It is difficult to generalize about the structure of the profession, because

there are two major legal systems, and even within them, there are different arrangements in jurisdictions, and

terminology varies greatly.

While in civil law countries there are usually distinct clearly defined career paths in law, such as judge, in common law jurisdictions there tends to be one legal profession, and it is not uncommon, for instance, that a requirement for a judge is several years of practising law privately.

Law degree
A law degree is an academic degree conferred for studies in law.

Some law degrees are professional degrees that are prerequisites or serve as preparation for legal careers. These generally include the Bachelor of Civil Law, Bachelor of Laws, and Juris Doctor. Law degrees that are not part of a professional pathway to legal practice include the Master of Laws (LLM) and Doctor of Laws (LLD or JSD).

These degrees are usually obtained through a combination of coursework, research, and practical experiences, such as internships or clinical legal education. Law degrees are recognized as a necessary step towards becoming a licensed lawyer in many jurisdictions, and they also provide a foundation for various other career paths such as academia, policy, or consultancy.
2023 Sun Bowl
The 2023 Sun Bowl was a college football bowl game played on December 29, 2023, at the Sun Bowl in El Paso, Texas. The 90th edition (89th playing) of the annual Sun Bowl game featured Oregon State from the Pac-12 Conference and Notre Dame, an FBS independent. The game began at approximately 12:00 p.m. MST and was aired on CBS. The Sun Bowl was one of the 2023–24 bowl games concluding the 2023 FBS football season. The game was sponsored by Frosted Flakes breakfast cereal, a brand of WK Kellogg Co, and was officially known as the Tony the Tiger Sun Bowl, referring to the cereal's mascot, Tony the Tiger.

WK Kellogg Co
WK Kellogg Co is an American food manufacturing company, split from Kellogg's on October 2, 2023, and headquartered in Battle Creek, Michigan. It was formed in October 2023 as part of Kellogg's spin-off of its North American cereal business, and it existed as an independent company for about two years before being acquired.

It was purchased by Ferrero in September 2025.
Sheth Ghoolam Hyder
Sheth Ghoolam Hyder, also spelt as Sheth Ghulam Hyder (1776 – 1823), was a British Indian professor of Persian at the East India Company College which later became known as Haileybury College. He was often addressed by his students as "Moonshi Ghoolam Hyder" and worked at the college from 1806 until his death in 1823.

Born in Darbhanga in the Indian state of Bihar and arriving in the UK in 1806, he is considered to be one of the first Indians to teach in the UK. His appointment was shortly followed by a wave of other Indian teachers at the college including Meer Abdul Alee of Benares and Meer Hassan Ali of Lucknow.

Haileybury and Imperial Service College
Haileybury is a co-educational public school (fee-charging boarding and day school for 11-to-18-year-olds) located in Hertford Heath, Hertfordshire. It is a member of the Rugby Group and enrols pupils at the 11+, 13+ and 16+ stages of education. Over 890 pupils attend Haileybury, of whom more than 550 board. The campus occupies over 500 acres (200 ha) of Hertfordshire countryside, approximately 20 mi (32 km) from London.
Wadi Hadf
Wadi Hadf (Arabic: وادي حدف, romanized: Wādī Ḩadf) is a dry river valley or river valley, with ephemeral or intermittent flow, which flows almost exclusively during the rainy season, located east of the United Arab Emirates, in the enclaves of Masfut (Ajman) and Hatta (Dubai), and north of Oman, in the Al Batinah North Governorate.

It is a left tributary of the Wadi Hatta, to whose extensive 548 km2 (212 sq mi) drainage basin it belongs.

Al Batinah North Governorate
Al Batinah North Governorate (Arabic: محافظة شمال الباطنة Muḥāfaẓat Šamāl al-Bāṭinah) is one of the eleven governorates of Oman. It was created on 28 October 2011 when Al Batinah Region was split into Al Batinah North Governorate and Al Batinah South Governorate. The centre of the governorate is the wilayat of Sohar.
Regional Government of Apurímac
The Regional Government of Apurímac (Spanish: Gobierno Regional de Apurímac; GORE Apurímac) is the regional government that represents the Department of Apurímac. It is the body with legal identity in public law and its own assets, which is in charge of the administration of provinces of the department in Peru. Its purpose is the social, cultural and economic development of its constituency. It is based in the city of Abancay.

Abancay
Abancay (from Quechua language: Hamanqay, Amanqay, or Amankay, meaning lily), founded in 1572 as Santiago de los Reyes de Abancay, is a city in southern-central Peru. It is the capital of both the Apurímac Region and the Abancay Province, and serves an important cultural, economic, and political role in Apurímac.
Wath Main Colliery
Wath Main Colliery was a coal mine situated in the Dearne Valley, close by the township of Wath-upon-Dearne, South Yorkshire, England. The colliery was operated by the Wath Main Coal Company Limited.

Sinking of the first of its two shafts began in 1873, the workings reaching the highly prized Barnsley seam three years later. To gain access to lower reserves the shafts were deepened, first in 1912 to reach the Parkgate seam and then, in 1923, to the Silkstone seam.

The colliery became part of the National Coal Board on nationalization in 1947 and it was amalgamated, along with other local collieries, with the adjacent Manvers Main Colliery on 1 January 1986. Closure came on 25 March 1988.

The site has been reclaimed and now contains Wath Country Park, which in May 2007 was sold off to developers to form a new housing development. The park lasted just 10 years.

Dearne Valley
The Dearne Valley (DURN) is an area of South Yorkshire, England, along the River Dearne.  It encompasses the towns of  Wombwell, Wath-upon-Dearne, Swinton, Conisbrough and Mexborough, the large villages of Ardsley, Bolton on Dearne, Goldthorpe, Thurnscoe, Darfield, Stairfoot and Brampton Bierlow, and many other smaller villages and hamlets.

In 1995, the area became a regeneration area, as it had suffered much from the sudden decline of the deep coal mining industry in the 1980s.  In the 2011 census, the ONS-identified Barnsley/Dearne Valley built-up area had a population of 223,281; however, this region includes Barnsley and certain other smaller towns and villages that might not historically have considered themselves a part of the Dearne Valley.
Braunsbach
Braunsbach is a municipality in the district of Schwäbisch Hall in Baden-Württemberg in Germany. It is on the Kocher river, about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from the district seat of Schwäbisch Hall. The town is bordered to the north by the town Künzelsau, the county seat of Hohenlohe, in the east by the town of Langenburg, on the southeast by Wolpertshausen, in the south by the town of Schwäbisch Hall, in the southwest by Untermünkheim and in the west by Kupferzell in Hohenlohe.

Kocher
The Kocher (German pronunciation: [ˈkɔxɐ] ⓘ) is a 169 km (105 mi)-long right tributary of the Neckar in the north-eastern part of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. The name "Kocher" originates from its Celtic name "cochan" and probably means winding, meandering river. Its total drainage area is 1,960 km2 (760 sq mi). The Kocher rises in the eastern foothills of the Swabian Alb from two karst springs, the Schwarzer (black) Kocher and the Weißer (white) Kocher, that join in Unterkochen near Aalen. The Schwarzer Kocher is approximately 8 km (5.0 mi) long. Its source discharge varies between 50 L/s and 4,000 L/s with an average of 680 L/s. The 3.3 km (2.1 mi) long Weißer Kocher has an average discharge of 400 L/s.
Sir Sidney Shelley, 8th Baronet
Sir Sidney Patrick Shelley, 8th Baronet (18 January 1880 – 25 July 1965), was an English professional soldier.

A great-nephew of the poet Percy Bysshe Shelley, Shelley was born to Lt. Col. Sir Charles Shelley, 5th Baronet, and Lady Mary Jane Jemima Shelley (née Stopford), daughter of James Stopford, 5th Earl of Courtown. He was educated at Wellington College. As a soldier he served in the Second Boer War, and in World War I as Captain in the Hampshire Yeomanry.

Hampshire Yeomanry
The Hampshire Yeomanry was a yeomanry cavalry regiment formed by amalgamating older units raised between 1794 and 1803 during the French Revolutionary Wars. It served in a mounted role in the Second Boer War and World War I, and in the air defence role during and after World War II. The lineage is continued by 295 (Hampshire Yeomanry) Battery and 457 (Hampshire Carabiniers Yeomanry) Battery, batteries of 106 (Yeomanry) Regiment Royal Artillery, part of the Army Reserve.
Beatdown Hardwear
Beatdown Hardwear (BDHW) is a Germany-based hardcore punk independent record label founded by Toni Grunert in 2005. As of January 2020, it has had 90 official releases, featuring bands such as Nasty, Fallbrawl, Born from Pain, Lionheart, Malevolence, Desolated and World of Pain.

The name of the label is a play on the name of the genre "beatdown hardcore", replacing the word "hardcore" with a misspelled variant of the word hardware.

Beatdown hardcore
Beatdown hardcore (also known as heavy hardcore, brutal hardcore, moshcore, or simply beatdown) is a subgenre of hardcore punk which incorporates elements of thrash metal and hip hop. The genre features aggressive vocals, heavy, palm muted guitar riffs and breakdowns. The genre has its origins in late 1980s tough guy hardcore bands such as Breakdown, Killing Time, and Madball, and was pioneered in the mid-1990s by bands like Bulldoze, Terror Zone, and Neglect. The definition of the genre has expanded over time to incorporate artists increasingly indebted to metal, notably Xibalba, Sunami, and Knocked Loose. Later acts also feature slam death metal riffs.
Little Beaver Creek (Lorain County, Ohio)
Little Beaver Creek is a tributary of Beaver Creek (a.k.a. "Big Beaver Creek") in Lorain County, Ohio.  Little Beaver Creek begins north of the Lorain County Regional Airport and runs northerly until the Little Beaver joins with the Big Beaver in the present city-limits of Lorain, Ohio.  (There is a smaller tributary of the Little Beaver which begins near the bygone village of "Whiskeyville".)

Lorain County, Ohio
Lorain County (/lɔːˈreɪn/) is a county in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of Ohio As of the 2020 census, the population was 312,964. Its county seat is Elyria, and its largest city is Lorain. The county was physically established in 1822, becoming judicially independent in 1824. Lorain County is part of the Cleveland, OH Metropolitan Statistical Area. The county is home to Oberlin College.
2019 Queen's Club Championships – Doubles
Henri Kontinen and John Peers were the defending champions, but lost in the semifinals to Feliciano López and Andy Murray.

López and Murray went on to win the title, defeating Rajeev Ram and Joe Salisbury in the final, 7–6(8–6), 5–7, [10–5]. It was Murray's first doubles title and sixth overall title at the Queen's Club, an all-time record. López became the first player to complete a sweep of both singles and doubles titles at the tournament since Mark Philippoussis in 1997.

1997 Stella Artois Championships
The 1997 Stella Artois Championships was a men's tennis tournament played on grass courts at the Queen's Club in London in the United Kingdom and was part of the World Series of the 1997 ATP Tour. It was the 95th edition of the tournament and was held from 9 June through 15 June 1997. Mark Philippoussis won the singles title.
Devil (Super Junior song)
"Devil" is a song recorded by South Korean boy band Super Junior that was released on July 16, 2015, by their label SM Entertainment and distributed by KT Music. It is the lead single of the album of the same.

The track featured the vocals of Yesung after he was discharged from his mandatory military service on May 4, 2015, and it's also served as the first single without the vocals of Sungmin and Shindong who were serving their mandatory military service at that time. The single charted at number 21 on the national chart Gaon Digital Chart and sold over 150,000 digital download on said Chart.

In Japan, "Devil" was released as a double A-side single titled "Devil / Magic" on January 6, 2016. It peaked at number two on the Oricon Singles Chart and sold over 65,000 copies.

Circle Digital Chart
The Circle Digital Chart, previously known as the Gaon Digital Chart, is the music industry standard record chart ranking the 200 most popular singles in South Korea. It provides rankings on a weekly, monthly, and yearly basis, which is based on an aggregate of streaming, downloads and background music from major South Korean music platforms, as well as video ringback tone sales from the V Coloring app. It is a part of the Circle Chart, previously known as the Gaon Chart.
Curfewed Night
Curfewed Night: A Frontline Memoir of Life, Love and War in Kashmir is a memoir on the Kashmir conflict between India and Pakistan, written by Kashmiri-American journalist Basharat Peer. It primarily focuses on the impact of the ongoing anti-India insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir, and is a winner of the Crossword Prize for Nonfiction. It was also included in the 2010 issues of both the 'Books of the Year' list by The Economist and 'A Year's Reading' by The New Yorker.

J&K authorities have removed Curfewed Night from the curriculum of Cluster University and University of Kashmir. Education advisors in Delhi/Srinagar have maintained that such “Resistance Literature” sustains “secessionist mindset, aspiration & narrative” among students.

University of Kashmir
University of Kashmir (UoK), informally known as Kashmir University (KU), is a public state university located in the Hazratbal neighbourhood, on the western side of Dal Lake in the city of Srinagar, in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which was established in 1948.

The university offers undergraduate, postgraduate and doctoral programs in the fields of liberal arts, business, commerce & management studies, education, law, applied sciences & Technology, biological sciences, physical & material sciences, social sciences, medicine, dentistry, engineering, oriental learning, and music & fine arts. It was awarded Grade "A++" by the NAAC in June 2025. It was awarded rank 34 among universities in India by NIRF ranking 2025.
Arne Legernes
Arne Legernes  (18 May 1931 – 14 August 2022) was a Norwegian footballer, who played as a midfielder.

He played for Molde, making his senior debut in 1948. His brothers Odd, Bjørn and Tore also played for the club. Because of electrical engineering studies in Trondheim, he transferred to first-tier team Freidig in 1954, but came back to Molde in 1956 and contributed to Molde's promotion to 1957–58 Norwegian Main League. He played one match for Molde in Norwegian Main League against Sandefjord on 28 July 1957, before he moved to Larvik. In Larvik he had gotten a new job and started to play for Larvik Turn, where he played the rest of his active career.

Legernes also played for the Norway national team 41 times and scored one goal.

In 1969, Legernes moved to Asker and became a coach of Stabæk (from 1970 to 1972 and 1982), Asker and Jevnaker (1984–1985).

Legernes died on 14 August 2022, at the age of 89.

Asker Municipality
Asker Municipality is a municipality in Akershus county, Norway, that was established in 2020 by the merger of Asker in Akershus and Røyken and Hurum in Buskerud county. Asker proper (also called Askerbygda) constitutes the northern fourth of the municipality, while Røyken and Hurum constitute the southern three quarters. It is part of the Greater Oslo Region. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Asker.
Gustaw Potworowski
Gustaw Potworowski, count, (Polish pronunciation: [ˈɡustaf pɔtfɔˈrɔfskʲi]; 3 June 1800, Bielewo – 23 November 1860, Poznań) was a Polish activist, founder of the Kasyno in Gostyń, activist of the Polish League (Liga Polska).

Born into an old Calvinist noble family, was one of the leading persons of the Polish national movement in the Grand Duchy of Posen, later Prussian Province of Posen. He was the founding chairman of the Polish National Committee (1848).

Province of Posen
The Province of Posen (German: Provinz Posen; Polish: Prowincja Poznańska) was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1848 to 1920, occupying most of the historical Greater Poland. The province was established following the Poznań Uprising of 1848 as a successor to the Grand Duchy of Posen, which in turn was annexed by Prussia in 1815 from Duchy of Warsaw. It became part of the German Empire in 1871. After World War I, Posen was briefly part of the Free State of Prussia within Weimar Germany, but was dissolved in 1920 after the Greater Poland Uprising broke out and most of its territory was incorporated into the Second Polish Republic. The remaining German territory was re-organized into Posen-West Prussia in 1922.

Posen (present-day Poznań, Poland) was the provincial capital.
Missile turret
A missile turret is a device used to aim missiles towards their targets before launch. Similarly to gun turrets they have been used on warships and vehicles on the ground. In most roles articulated missile launching systems on warships have been replaced by vertical launching systems. Ship-based missile systems often have centralised guidance systems which eliminate the need for targeting sensors on the turrets themselves.

The systems found on warships, especially those from the Cold War, may be termed as arm-launchers, either single- or twin-arm launchers, based on the amount of ready-to-fire missiles that they can hold.

Missile
A missile is an airborne ranged weapon capable of self-propelled flight aided usually by a propellant, jet engine or rocket motor.

Historically, 'missile' referred to any projectile that is thrown, shot or propelled towards a target; this usage is still recognized today with any unguided jet- or rocket-propelled weapons generally described as rocket artillery. Airborne explosive devices without propulsion are referred to as shells if fired by an artillery piece and bombs if dropped by an aircraft.

Missiles are also generally guided towards specific targets termed as guided missiles or guided rockets. Missile systems usually have five system components: targeting, guidance system, flight system, engine, and warhead. Missiles are primarily classified into different types based on firing source and target such as surface-to-surface, air-to-surface, surface-to-air and air-to-air missiles.
Confection of hyacinth
In pre-modern medicine, the confection of hyacinth had nearly the same virtues with that of alkermes; but, beside that, was frequently used as an astringent. It consisted of nearly triple the number of drugs; of which the precious stone, called hyacinth, was the base. The other chief ingredients were red coral, bole armoniac, terra sigillata, myrrh, the santals, burnt hartshorn, camphor, sapphire, emerald, topaz, uranium, and most of the ingredients of the confection of alkermes.

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chambers, Ephraim, ed. (1728). Cyclopædia, or an Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences (1st ed.). James and John Knapton, et al. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

Astringent
An astringent (sometimes called adstringent) is a chemical that shrinks or constricts body tissues. The word derives from the Latin adstringere, which means "to bind fast". Astringency, the dry, puckering or numbing mouthfeel caused by the tannins in unripe fruits, lets the fruit mature by deterring eating. Tannins, being a kind of polyphenol, bind salivary proteins and make them precipitate and aggregate, producing a rough, "sandpapery", or dry sensation in the mouth.

Smoking tobacco is also reported to have an astringent effect.

In a scientific study, astringency was still detectable by subjects who had local anesthesia applied to their taste nerves, but not when both these and the trigeminal nerves were disabled.
Geoffrey Saba
Geoffrey Saba (born 1946) is an Australian classical pianist of Lebanese descent, based in London.

Saba was born in Toowoomba, Queensland, where his parents established a well-known haberdashery store. He attended Toowoomba Grammar School. He was awarded the University of Queensland Music Scholarship for 1963, and chose to take it at the University of Melbourne Conservatorium of Music.

After graduating, he moved to London in the late 1960s, and has resided there ever since. He has worked with Stefan Askenase and Vlado Perlemuter.

He was one of the competitors awarded a bronze medal at the First Arthur Rubinstein International Piano Master Competition in 1974.

He tours in North America, Europe, the Middle East, India, Japan, South East Asia and Australia.

In its facsimile edition of Franz Schubert's C major Sonata, Relique, D.840, the International Franz Schubert Institute, Vienna, published Saba's essay on a performer's approach to playing Schubert's unfinished piano sonatas.

Piano Sonata in C major, D 840 (Schubert)
Franz Schubert's Piano Sonata in C major, D. 840, nicknamed "Reliquie" upon its first publication in 1861 in the mistaken belief that it had been Schubert's last work, was written in April 1825, whilst the composer was also working on the A minor sonata, D. 845 in tandem. Schubert abandoned the C major sonata, and only the first two movements were fully completed, with the trio section of the third movement also written in full. The minuet section of the third movement is incomplete and contains unusual harmonic changes, which suggests it was there Schubert had become disillusioned and abandoned the movement and later the sonata. The final fourth movement is also incomplete, ending abruptly after 272 measures.

The fragments of the sonata survived in Schubert's manuscripts, and later the work was collected and published in its incomplete form in 1861.
Jumbo
Jumbo (December 25, 1860 – September 15, 1885), also known as Jumbo the Elephant and Jumbo the Circus Elephant, was a 19th-century male African bush elephant born in Sudan. Jumbo was exported to Jardin des Plantes, a zoo in Paris, and then transferred in 1865 to London Zoo in England. Despite public protest, Jumbo was sold to P. T. Barnum, who took him to the United States for exhibition in March 1882.

The elephant's name spawned the common word "jumbo", meaning large in size. Examples of his lexical impact are phrases like "jumbo jet", "jumbo shrimp", "jumbo eggs", and "jumbotron". Jumbo's shoulder height has been estimated to have been 3.23 metres (10 ft 7 in) at the time of his death, and was claimed to be about 4 m (13 ft 1 in) by Barnum.  "Jumbo" has been the mascot of Tufts University for over one hundred years.

Jumbotron
A jumbotron, sometimes referred to as jumbovision or a jumbo screen, is a video display using large-screen television technology (video wall).

The original technology was developed in the early 1980s by Mitsubishi Electric (using the name Diamond Vision) and Sony, which registered JumboTron as a trademark in 1985. It is typically used in sports stadiums and concert venues to show team statistics, close-up shots of an event or even other sporting events occurring simultaneously. The same jumbotron technology is used in outdoor public places, often for advertising purposes (such as Times Square, for example).