hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tunis Campbell Sr.
Rev. Tunis Gulic Campbell Sr. (April 1, 1812 – December 4, 1891), called "the oldest and best known clergyman in the African Methodist Church", served as a voter registration organizer, Justice of the Peace, a delegate to the Georgia Constitutional Convention of 1867–1868, and as a Georgia state senator during the Reconstruction era. He also published an autobiography, Sufferings of the Reverend T.G. Campbell and His Family in Georgia (1877). An African American, he was a major figure in Reconstruction Georgia. He reportedly had a 400-person militia to protect him from the Ku Klux Klan. Like Governor Rufus Bullock, he eventually had to flee the state to save his life.

Rufus Bullock
Rufus Brown Bullock (March 28, 1834 – April 27, 1907) was an American politician and businessman from Georgia. A Republican, he served as the state's governor during the Reconstruction Era. He called for equal economic opportunity and political rights for blacks and whites in Georgia. He also promoted public education for both, and encouraged railroads, banks, and industrial development. During his governorship, he requested federal military help to ensure the rights of freedmen; this made him "the most hated man in the state", and he had to flee the state without completing his term. After returning to Georgia and being found "not guilty" of corruption charges, for three decades afterwards he was an esteemed private citizen.
Donald Preziosi
Donald Anthony Preziosi (born January 12, 1941) is an American art historian. He is Emeritus Professor of Art History at the University of California, Los Angeles.  In August 2007, he was appointed the MacGeorge Fellow at the University of Melbourne. He also served as president of the Semiotic Society of America (1985).

In his writing he combines disciplines as diverse as intellectual history, critical theory and museology. His 1998 book The Art of Art History: A Critical Anthology is considered 'the most widely used English-language introduction to art history'.

At UCLA, Professor Preziosi developed the art history critical theory program and the UCLA museum studies program.  At Oxford, he held the Slade Professorship of Fine Arts in 2001, where he delivered a series of lectures entitled Seeing Through Art History.

Museology
Museology (also called museum studies or museum science) is the study of museums. It explores the history of museums and their role in society, as well as the activities they engage in, including curating, preservation, public programming, and education.
Kalamurina Sanctuary
27°55′00″S 137°59′00″E﻿ / ﻿27.9167°S 137.9833°E﻿ / -27.9167; 137.9833

Kalamurina Sanctuary is a nature reserve in arid north-eastern South Australia. The land was established as  a sheep station sometime before 1994 and then a cattle station until the early 2000s, called Kalamurina Station. It occupies 6,700 square kilometres (2,587 sq mi).

It was acquired in December 2007 by the Australian Wildlife Conservancy (AWC) to become a nature reserve for biodiversity conservation and wildlife management. There are several threatened species in the sanctuary.

Sheep station
A sheep station is  a large property (station, the equivalent of a ranch) in Australia or New Zealand, the main activity of which is the raising of sheep for their wool and/or meat. In Australia, sheep stations are usually in the south-east or south-west of the country. In New Zealand the Merinos are usually in the high country of the South Island. These properties may be thousands of square kilometres in size and run low stocking rates to be able to sustainably provide enough feed and water for the stock.

In Australia, the owner of a sheep station may be called a pastoralist, a grazier, or formerly a squatter (as in "Waltzing Matilda"), when their sheep grazing land was referred to as a sheep run.
Australian cricket team in India in 2017–18
The Australia cricket team toured India in September and October 2017 to play five One Day Internationals (ODIs) and three Twenty20 International (T20I) matches. The Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) confirmed the full dates in September 2017. Ahead of the ODIs, Australia played a 50-over warm-up match against India's Board President XI, with Australia winning by 103 runs. India won the ODI series 4–1 and returned to the top of the ICC ODI Championship. In accordance with the International Cricket Council's (ICC) new playing conditions, the Decision Review System (DRS) was used for the first time in a T20I match in this series. The T20I series was drawn 1–1, with the third match called off due to a wet outfield.

Decision Review System
The Decision Review System (DRS) is a technology-based system used in cricket to assist the match officials in their decision-making. On-field umpires may choose to consult with the third umpire (known as an Umpire Review), and players may request that the third umpire consider a decision of the on-field umpires (known as a Player Review).

The main elements that have been used are television replays, technology that tracks the path of the ball and predicts what it would have done, microphones to detect small sounds made as the ball hits bat or pad, and infra-red imaging to detect temperature changes as the ball hits the bat or pad.

While on-field Test match umpires have been able to refer some decisions to a third umpire since November 1992, the formal DRS system to add Player Reviews was first used in a Test match in 2008, first used in a One Day International (ODI) in January 2011, and used in a Twenty20 International in October 2017.
Underneath (Code Orange album)
Underneath is the fourth studio album by American hardcore punk band Code Orange, released on March 13, 2020 through Roadrunner Records. It is their first album to be produced by Nick Raskulinecz. The album was also produced by Jami Morgan and Will Yip. It was preceded by three singles: "Underneath", "Swallowing the Rabbit Whole", and "Sulfur Surrounding". The album continues the band's metalcore and hardcore punk sound with a heavier emphasis on industrial and electronic elements. The album received critical acclaim with critics praising the use of glitches, electronics, and overall production.

Glitch
A glitch is a brief technical fault, such as a transient one that corrects itself, making it difficult to troubleshoot. The term is particularly common in the computing and electronics industries, in circuit bending, as well as among players of video games, although any purposely organized structure, such as speech, may experience glitches.

A glitch, which is slight and often temporary, differs from a more serious bug, which is a genuine breakdown in function. Videogame writer Alex Pieschel says that although the two words are often used interchangeably when describing software, the more "blameworthy pejorative" of bug indicates something that can be reliably diagnosed and corrected, while glitch describes a situation "more transient, abnormal, illogical, impermanent, or unreliable", caused by unexpected inputs or something outside of the code.
Erik Charell
Erich Karl Löwenberg (8 April 1894 – 15 July 1974), known as Erik Charell, was a German theatre and film director, dancer and actor. He is best known as the creator of musical revues and operettas, such as The White Horse Inn (Im weißen Rössl) and The Congress Dances (Der Kongress tanzt).

Alfred Jerger
Alfred Jerger (9 June 1889 – 18 November 1976) was an Austrian operatic bass-baritone, who began his career as a conductor of operettas, and was also an interim director of the Vienna State Opera  and a professor of the Vienna Music Academy. He appeared at the Salzburg Festival from 1922 to 1959, and created the leading role of Mandryka in Arabella by Richard Strauss, among others.
What Next?
What Next? is a 1928 British silent comedy film directed by Walter Forde and starring Forde, Pauline Johnson and Frank Stanmore. It was made at Nettlefold Studios in Walton-on-Thames. There is a copy held at the BFI archive.

Walton Studios
Walton Studios, previously named Hepworth Studios and Nettlefold Studios, was a film production studio in Walton-on-Thames in Surrey, England. Hepworth was a pioneering studio in the early 20th century and released the first film adaptation of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (Alice in Wonderland, 1903).

The decline of the British cinematic production industry in the mid-20th century led to a decline in work for the facility, and after failing to financially survive as a television production outlet it was eventually closed in 1961. The studio was subsequently demolished and the land was sold for house-building.
Paterberg
50°46′56″N 3°32′48″E﻿ / ﻿50.782343°N 3.546659°E﻿ / 50.782343; 3.546659

The Paterberg is a hill in the municipality of Kluisbergen, in the Belgian province of East Flanders. With its top at 80 m, it is one of many hill formations in the Flemish Ardennes, close to Wallonia. The slopes of the hill were unpaved until 1986, when a local farmer paved the road in cobbles because he wanted the Tour of Flanders cycling race to pass by his house. The cobbled climb became one of the iconic sites of Belgian cycling, and in 1993 the road of the Paterberg was classified as a protected monument.

East Flanders
East Flanders (Dutch: Oost-Vlaanderen [ˌoːst ˈflaːndərə(n)] ⓘ; French: Flandre-Orientale [flɑ̃dʁ ɔʁjɑ̃tal] ⓘ; German: Ostflandern [ˈɔstˌflandɐn] ⓘ; West Flemish: Ôost-Vloandern) is a province of Belgium. It borders (clockwise from the North) the Dutch province of Zeeland and the Belgian provinces of Antwerp, Flemish Brabant, Hainaut and West Flanders. It has an area of 3,007 km2 (1,161 sq mi), divided into six administrative districts containing 60 municipalities, and a population of over 1.57 million as of January 2024. The capital is Ghent, home to the Ghent University and the Port of Ghent.
Julieta Paredes
Julieta Paredes Carvajal (born c. 1967) is an Aymara Bolivian poet, singer-songwriter, writer, graffiti artist, anarchist and decolonial feminist activist. In 2003 she began Mujeres creando comunidad (women creating community) out of the activism of community feminism.

Aymara people
The Aymara or Aimara (Aymara: aymara, listenⓘ) people are an Indigenous people in the Andes and Altiplano regions of South America. Approximately 2.3 million Aymara live in northwest Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, and Peru.

The Aymara have lived in the region for over 7,250 years. By the late 15th century or early 16th century, they became a subject people of the Inca Empire and later of the Spanish Empire in the 16th century. Following the Spanish American wars of independence (1810–1825), the Aymara became subjects to the new nations of Bolivia and Peru. After the War of the Pacific (1879–1883), Chile annexed territory inhabited by the Aymara population.
Bijelo Polje Municipality
Bijelo Polje Municipality (Montenegrin: Opština Bijelo Polje, Општина Бијело Поље) is one of the municipalities of Montenegro, and is located in northern Montenegro, in the Lim river valley, being part of Raška region. Its administrative centre is the town of Bijelo Polje and it covers an area of 924 km2. In 2023, the Bijelo Polje Municipality had a population of 38,662.

Montenegrin language
Montenegrin (crnogorski / црногорски [tsr̩nǒɡorskiː]) is the standard variety of the Serbo-Croatian language mainly used by Montenegrins. It is the official language of Montenegro. Montenegrin is based on the most widespread dialect of Serbo-Croatian, Shtokavian, more specifically on Eastern Herzegovinian, which is also the basis of Standard Serbian, Croatian, and Bosnian.

The language used in Montenegro has historically and traditionally been called simply as Serbian. The idea of a Montenegrin standard language distinct from Serbian is a relatively recent political development that emerged in the late 1990s and early 2000s amid the breakup of Yugoslavia. It was closely associated with movements advocating Montenegrin independence from Serbia and Montenegro. Following independence, Montenegrin was designated the official language of Montenegro in 2007 with the adoption of a new constitution.
Constantinian shift
The Constantinian shift was, according to some theologians and historians of antiquity, a set of political and theological changes that took place during the 4th-century under the leadership of Emperor Constantine the Great. Rodney Clapp claims that the shift or change started in the year 200. The term was popularized by the Mennonite theologian John H. Yoder. He claims that the change was not just freedom from persecution but an alliance between the State and the Church that led to a kind of Caesaropapism. The claim that there ever was a Constantinian shift has been disputed; Peter Leithart argues that there was a "brief, ambiguous 'Constantinian moment' in the fourth century", but that there was "no permanent, epochal 'Constantinian shift'".

Peter Leithart
Peter James Leithart (born 1959) is an American author, minister, and theologian, who serves as president of Theopolis Institute for Biblical, Liturgical, & Cultural Studies in Birmingham, Alabama. He previously served as Senior Fellow of Theology and Literature as well as Dean of Graduate Studies at New Saint Andrews College. He was selected by the Association of Reformed Institutions of Higher Education to be one of the organization's 2010–2012 Lecturers. He is the author of commentaries on the Book of Kings, the Book of Samuel, the Books of Chronicles, the Book of Revelation, as well as a Survey of the Old Testament. Other works include books on topics such as Dante's Inferno, Shakespeare, Jane Austen, and a biography of Constantine. He is also the author of a book of children's bedtime stories titled Wise Words based on the Book of Proverbs.
Xanthoparmelia vicentei
Xanthoparmelia vicentei is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling) foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Originally thought to be endemic to western Spain, it was discovered in Luxembourg in 2023, suggesting it may be more widespread in Europe than previously thought. The lichen forms yellowish-green thalli up to 7 cm wide with distinctive finger-like projections in the centre and rolled-back lobes with black tips. Chemical tests show it contains specific lichen products that help identify it from similar species.

Lichen product
Lichen products, also known as lichen substances, are organic compounds produced by a lichen. Specifically, they are secondary metabolites. Lichen products are represented in several different chemical classes, including terpenoids, orcinol derivatives, chromones, xanthones, depsides, and depsidones. Over 1000 lichen products of known chemical structure have been reported in the scientific literature, and most of these compounds are exclusively found in lichens. Examples of lichen products include usnic acid (a dibenzofuran), atranorin (a depside), lichexanthone (a xanthone), salazinic acid (a depsidone), and isolichenan, an α-glucan. Many lichen products have biological activity, and research into these effects is ongoing.
Louis Ganderax
Charles Étienne Louis Ganderax (25 February 1855 – January 1940) was a French journalist and drama critic. He was literary editor of the Revue de Paris with Henri Meilhac, a member of the Académie française.

A student at the École Normale Supérieure (1873), agrégé de lettres (1876), he collaborated with Le Parlement, Le Figaro, the Revue bleue, L’Univers illustré, La Vie parisienne, Le Gaulois, Revue illustrée, Revue des deux mondes etc.

Revue des deux Mondes
The Revue des deux Mondes (French: [ʁəvy de dø mɔ̃d], Review of the Two Worlds) is a monthly French-language literary, cultural and current affairs magazine that has been published in Paris since 1829.

According to its website, "it is today the place for debates and dialogues between nations, disciplines and cultures, about the major subjects of our societies". The main shareholder is Marc Ladreit de Lacharrière's FIMALAC Group.
1907–08 Yorkshire Cup
The 1907 Yorkshire Cup was the third occasion on which the Yorkshire Cup competition was held. This year's final was a repeat of the first Yorkshire Cup final in which the same two clubs reached the same outcome. 
Hunslet won the trophy for the  second time in three years by beating Halifax by the score of 17–0

The match was played at Headingley, Leeds, now in West Yorkshire. The attendance was 15,000 and receipts were £397

Halifax Panthers
The Halifax Panthers are a professional rugby league club in Halifax, West Yorkshire, England. They play home games at The Shay and compete in the Championship, the second tier of British rugby league.

Halifax Panthers won the League Championship four times and the Challenge Cup five times.

The club's parent company, Halifax Rugby League Football Club Limited, was placed into liquidation in February 2026 and the club's membership of the Rugby Football League terminated two days later.

They had rivalries with neighbours Bradford and Huddersfield of Super League, fellow Championship side Featherstone Rovers, and Pennines rivals Oldham and  Rochdale. The club's traditional home colours were blue and white hoops, white shorts, and blue and white socks.
Cora (rocket)
Cora was a French experimental rocket. It was the largest rocket ever launched in Western Europe. It was primarily used for testing the second (Coralie) and third stages (Astris) of the multinational Europa Rocket, which was developed and produced by the European Launcher Development Organisation, the predecessor to the present day European Space Agency.

For the Cora 1 only the French Coralie first stage was active. For the Cora 2 version the second German Astris stage was active. The Italian made Europa nose fairing was also tested.

Dinitrogen tetroxide
Dinitrogen tetroxide, commonly referred to as nitrogen tetroxide (NTO), and occasionally (usually among ex-USSR/Russian rocket engineers) as amyl, is the chemical compound N2O4. It is a useful reagent in chemical synthesis. It forms an equilibrium mixture with nitrogen dioxide. Its molar mass is 92.011 g/mol.

Dinitrogen tetroxide is a powerful oxidizer that is hypergolic (spontaneously reacts) upon contact with various forms of hydrazine, which has made the pair a common bipropellant for rockets.
Lavigne
Lavigne (French: la vigne) is a French surname meaning literally "the vine" or "the vineyard". Notable people with the surname include:

Antoine Joseph Lavigne (1816–1886), French oboist

Ariane Lavigne (born 1984), Canadian snowboarder

Avril Lavigne (born 1984), Canadian Grammy Award–nominated rock singer

Brad Lavigne, Canadian political and corporate communications strategist

Charles Lavigne (1840–1913), Roman Catholic bishop

J. Conrad Lavigne (1916–2003), Canadian media proprietor

Grant Lavigne (born 1999), American baseball player

Laurent Lavigne (politician) (1935–2017), member of the Canadian House of Commons

Raymond Lavigne (born 1945), Canadian senator and businessman

Steve Lavigne (born 1962), American comic book illustrator

Thomas Lavigne, American politician

Valentin Lavigne (born 1994), French association football player

Yanna Lavigne (born 1989), Brazilian actress

Laurent Lavigne (politician)
Laurent Lavigne (10 August 1935 in Montreal, Quebec – 3 August 2017) was a member of the House of Commons of Canada from 1993 to 1997. His career has been in teaching and agriculture.

He was elected in the Beauharnois—Salaberry electoral district under the Bloc Québécois party in the 1993 federal election, thus serving in the 35th Canadian Parliament. He did not seek a second term in office and therefore left Canadian politics following the 1997 federal election.

Lavigne was also a member of the National Assembly of Quebec from 1976 to 1985 in Beauharnois. He was a member of the Parti Québécois.

He died on 3 August 2017. He was the first member of the Quebec legislature to have been granted medical aid to die. He was suffering from advanced pancreatic cancer.
La Montagne, Haute-Saône
La Montagne (French pronunciation: [la mɔ̃taɲ] ⓘ) is a commune in the Haute-Saône department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France. It is part of the Vosges Massif with which it shares a common cultural and historical mountain ancestry.

Its inhabitants are called the Montaignions.

Vosges
The Vosges (/voʊʒ/ VOHZH, French: [voʒ] ⓘ; German: Vogesen [voˈɡeːzn̩] ⓘ; Franconian and Alemannic German: Vogese) is a range of medium mountains in Eastern France, near its border with Germany. Together with the Palatine Forest to the north on the German side of the border, they form a single geomorphological unit and low mountain range of around 8,000 km2 (3,100 sq mi) in area. It runs in a north-northeast direction from the Burgundian Gate (the Belfort–Ronchamp–Lure line) to the Börrstadt Basin (the Winnweiler–Börrstadt–Göllheim line), and forms the western boundary of the Upper Rhine Plain.

The Grand Ballon is the highest peak at 1,424 m (4,672 ft), followed by the Storkenkopf (1,366 m, 4,482 ft), and the Hohneck (1,364 m, 4,475 ft).
Ekspress-AM4
Ekspress-AM4 was a Russian communications satellite placed into the wrong orbit from a faulty Briz-M rocket stage. This satellite was to be part of the Ekspress series of geostationary communications satellites owned by Russian Satellite Communications Company (RSCC). Proposals were made to reposition the satellite to provide broadband services to Antarctica, but ultimately the decision was made to de-orbit the satellite. On 28 March 2012, the satellite splashed into the Pacific Ocean.

Briz (rocket stage)
The Briz-K, Briz-KM and Briz-M (Russian: Бриз-К, КM and M meaning Breeze-K, KM and M) are Russian liquid-propellant rocket orbit insertion upper stages manufactured by Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center and used on the Proton-M and Angara A5. The upper stages were also used on Rokot, one of Russia's smaller launchers, before its retirement in 2019.
South of the Border (attraction)
South of the Border is an attraction on Interstate 95 (I-95),  US Highway 301 (US 301) and US 501 in Hamer, South Carolina, United States, just south of Rowland, North Carolina. It is so named because it is just south of the border between North Carolina and South Carolina, and was the halfway point to Florida from New York in the early days of motor travel. The area is themed in faux-Mexican style, alluding to Mexico's location south of its border with the United States. The rest area contains restaurants, gas stations, a video arcade, motel, truck stop, a small amusement park, a mini golf course, shopping, fireworks stores, and a motocross training complex. Its mascot is Pedro, a caricature of a Mexican bandito. South of the Border is known for its roadside billboard advertisements, which begin many miles away and incorporate a mileage countdown to the attraction itself.

Banditry
Banditry is a type of organized crime committed by outlaws typically involving the threat or use of violence. A person who engages in banditry is known as a bandit and primarily commits crimes such as extortion, robbery, kidnapping, and murder, either as an individual or in groups. Banditry is a vague concept of criminality and in modern usage can be synonymous with gangsterism, brigandage, marauding, terrorism, piracy, and thievery.