hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Newsgame
Newsgames are a genre of video games that attempt to apply journalistic principles to their gameplay. Newsgames can provide context to complex situations which might be hard to explain without experiencing the situation firsthand. According to newsgame developers Ian Bogost, Simone Ferrari and Bobby Schweizer, newsgames are a "body of work produced at the intersection of video games and journalism." Journalists use newsgames to expand on stories so the audience can learn more about the information in an immersive way.

Video games in the news games genre are those that are based on real-world ideas, problems, and events. They resemble political cartoons in the context of video games and aim to provide players a fictitious experience based on actual events. According to game studies scholar Miguel Sicart, news games are a means of participating in public discourse, utilizing the unique affordances of the medium to engage players in important social and political issues.

Betteridge's law of headlines
Betteridge's law of headlines is an adage that states: "Any headline that ends in a question mark can be answered by the word no." It is based on the assumption that if the publishers were confident that the answer was yes, they would have presented it as an assertion; by presenting it as a question, they are not accountable for whether it is correct or not.

The law is named after Ian Betteridge, a British technology journalist who wrote about it in 2009. The maxim has been cited by other names since 1991, when a published compilation of Murphy's law variants called it "Davis's law", a name that also appears online without any explanation of who Davis was. It has also been referred to as the "journalistic principle" and in 2007 was referred to in commentary as "an old truism among journalists".
Pristimantis jubatus
Pristimantis jubatus is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae. It is endemic to Cordillera Occidental (Colombian Andes) and is known from the vicinity of its type locality in the Munchique National Park (Cauca Department) and from Farallones de Cali (Valle del Cauca Department). The specific name jubatus is Latin for "crested" and refers to the cranial crests of this frog.

Cauca Department
Cauca Department (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈkawka], Spanish: Departamento del Cauca) is a department of Southwestern Colombia. Located in the southwestern part of the country, facing the Pacific Ocean to the west, the Valle del Cauca Department to the north, Tolima Department to the northeast, Huila Department to the east, and Nariño Department to the south. Putumayo and Caqueta Departments border the southeast portion of Cauca Department as well. It covers a total area of 29,308 km2 (11,316 sq mi), the 13th largest in Colombia. Its capital is the city of Popayán. The offshore island of Malpelo belongs to the department. It is located in the southwest of the country, mainly in the Andean and Pacific regions (between 0°58′54″N and 3°19′04″N latitude, 75°47′36″W and 77°57′05″W longitude) plus a tiny part (Piamonte) in the Amazonian region. The area makes up 2.56% of the country.
Omicron Canis Majoris
The Bayer designation Omicron Canis Majoris (ο CMa / ο Canis Majoris) is shared by two stars, in the constellation Canis Major:

ο1 Canis Majoris

ο2 Canis Majoris

They are separated by 2.06° on the sky.

ο1 Canis Majoris was member of asterism 軍市 (Jūn Shì), Market for Soldiers, Well mansion. ο2 Canis Majoris was not any member of asterism.

Well (Chinese constellation)
The Well mansion (井宿, pinyin: Jǐng Xiù ; Japanese: chichiri-boshi) is one of the Twenty-eight mansions of the Chinese constellations.  It is part of the southern mansions associated with the Vermilion Bird, one of the Four Symbols of Chinese astronomy. The Well mansion is located in the constellation Gemini in Western astronomy and includes: Mu Geminorum (Tejat Posterior) - 井宿 (Jǐng Xiù yī), the first star of Well, Nu Geminorum - 井宿二(Jǐng Xiù èr), Xi Geminorum - 井宿三 (Jǐng Xiù sān), Epsilon Geminorum (Mebsuta) - 井宿四 (Jǐng Xiù sì), Zeta Geminorum (Mekbuda) - 井宿五 (Jǐng Xiù wǔ), Lambda Geminorum - 井宿六 (Jǐng Xiù liù), Kappa Geminorum - 井宿七 (Jǐng Xiù qī), Iota Geminorum - 井宿八 (Jǐng Xiù b)
Pseudoscalar
In linear algebra, a pseudoscalar is a quantity that behaves like a scalar, except that it changes sign under a parity inversion while a true scalar does not.

A pseudoscalar, when multiplied by an ordinary vector, becomes a pseudovector (or axial vector); a similar construction creates the pseudotensor.
A pseudoscalar also results from any scalar product between a pseudovector and an ordinary vector. The prototypical example of a pseudoscalar is the scalar triple product, which can be written as the scalar product between one of the vectors in the triple product and the cross product between the two other vectors, where the latter is a pseudovector.

Physical quantity
A physical quantity (or simply quantity) is a property of a material or system that can be quantified by measurement. A physical quantity can be expressed as a value, which is a pair of a numerical value and a unit of measurement. For example, the physical quantity mass, symbol m, can be quantified as m=n kg, where n is the numerical value and kg is the unit symbol (for kilogram). Vector quantities have, besides numerical value and unit, direction or orientation in space.
Ferncroft Country Club
Ferncroft Country Club is a country club owned and operated by Affinity Management, located in Essex County, Massachusetts with portions of the club's grounds in the towns of Middleton and Topsfield. The club's entrance is at 10 Village Road in Middleton.

Country club
A country club is a privately owned club, often with a membership quota and admittance by invitation or sponsorship, that generally offers both a variety of recreational sports and facilities for dining and entertaining.  Typical athletic offerings are golf, tennis, and swimming. Where golf is the principal or sole sporting activity, and especially outside of the United States and Canada, it is common for a country club to be referred to simply as a golf club. Many country clubs offer other new activities such as pickleball, and platform tennis.

Country clubs are most commonly located in city outskirts or suburbs, because of the need for substantial grounds for outdoor activities.  This factor distinguishes them from an urban athletic club.

Country clubs originated in Scotland and first appeared in the US in the early 1880s. Country clubs had a profound effect on expanding suburbanization and are considered to be the precursor to gated community development.
Pablo Bach
Pablo Bach (born 1 March 1962) is an Argentine plastic artist and cartoonist, mainly recognized for his work in the creative team of the British television show Spitting Image during fourteen years between the 1980s and 1990s. During his career he has worked as a graphic designer for other shows like 2DTV, Captain Scarlet and Contra Informação.

Graphic designer
A graphic designer is a practitioner who follows the discipline of graphic design, either within companies or organizations or independently. They are professionals in design and visual communication, with their primary focus on transforming linguistic messages into graphic manifestations, whether tangible or intangible. They are responsible for planning, designing, projecting, and conveying messages or ideas through visual communication. Graphic design is one of the most in-demand professions with significant job opportunities, as it allows leveraging technological advancements and working online from anywhere in the world.
Canton of Mareuil-sur-Lay-Dissais
The canton of Mareuil-sur-Lay-Dissais is an administrative division of the Vendée department, western France. Its borders were modified at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Mareuil-sur-Lay-Dissais.

It consists of the following communes:

Vendée
Vendée (French pronunciation: [vɑ̃de] ⓘ) is a department in the Pays de la Loire region in Western France, on the Atlantic coast. In 2019, it had a population of 685,442. Its prefecture is La Roche-sur-Yon.
RNA silencing
RNA silencing or RNA interference refers to a family of gene silencing effects by which gene expression is negatively regulated by non-coding RNAs such as microRNAs. RNA silencing may also be defined as sequence-specific regulation of gene expression triggered by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). RNA silencing mechanisms are conserved among most eukaryotes.  The most common and well-studied example is RNA interference (RNAi), in which endogenously expressed microRNA (miRNA) or exogenously derived small interfering RNA (siRNA) induces the degradation of complementary messenger RNA. Other classes of small RNA have been identified, including piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) and its subspecies repeat associated small interfering RNA (rasiRNA).

Endoribonuclease
In biochemistry, an endoribonuclease is a class of enzyme which is a type of ribonuclease (an RNA cleaver), itself a type of endonuclease (a nucleotide cleaver). It cleaves either single-stranded or double-stranded RNA, depending on the enzyme. Example includes both single proteins such as RNase III, RNase A, RNase T1, RNase T2 and RNase H and also complexes of proteins with RNA such as RNase P and the RNA-induced silencing complex. Further examples include endoribonuclease XendoU found in frogs (Xenopus).
Thomas Smith (Chester MP)
Sir Thomas Smith was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1640 and 1644.

Smith was the son of Laurence Smith, of Hatherton, Cheshire and his wife Anne Mainwaring, daughter of Sir Randall Mainwaring of Over Peover.  He was knighted on 21 July 1615. In 1622, he was mayor of the city of Chester and in 1623 High Sheriff of Cheshire.

Smith was an alderman of Chester and in April 1640, was elected Member of Parliament for City of Chester in the Short Parliament. He was re-elected MP for Chester for the Long Parliament in November 1640. Smith was disabled from sitting in parliament on 22 January 1644 for supporting the King.

Smith married Mary Smith, daughter of Sir Hugh Smith, of Long Ashton, Somerset, and had twenty-two children. His son Thomas became a baronet.

Long Ashton
Long Ashton is a village and civil parish in Somerset, England. It falls within the unitary authority of North Somerset and is one of a number of large villages just outside the boundary of city of Bristol urban area. The parish has a population of 6,044. The parish includes the hamlet of Yanley, and the residential area of Leigh Woods (although most of the woods themselves are in the neighbouring parish of Abbots Leigh).

The village is built on the south-facing slopes of a valley running from east to west, and on the old road from Bristol to Weston-super-Mare.
Wallaby Jim of the Islands
Wallaby Jim of the Islands is a 1937 American adventure film directed by Charles Lamont and written by Bennett Cohen and Houston Branch. The film stars George F. Houston, Ruth Coleman, Douglas Walton, Wilhelm von Brincken, Mamo Clark, and Colin Campbell. The film was released on December 17, 1937, by Grand National Films Inc., a poverty-row studio.

Poverty Row
Poverty Row is a slang term for small Hollywood studios that produced B movies from the 1920s to the 1950s, typically with much smaller budgets and lower production values than those of the major studios. Although many of these studios were based in the vicinity of Gower Street in Hollywood, the term does not necessarily relate to any specific physical location.

Many of the films produced by Poverty Row studios were those of series in the Western, comedy, adventure and crime genres.
Four Nations Tournament (1979–2008)
The Four Nations Tournament was an annual football competition in Europe contested by semi-professional national teams. England were the most successful side with seven wins and they won the last edition in 2008.

The original competition was held between 1979 and 1987 (featuring England, Scotland, Italy and the Netherlands). The tournament returned between 2002 and 2008 after a hiatus (featuring England, Republic of Ireland, replaced by Gibraltar in 2008, Scotland and Wales). The revived competition was played at the end of the British domestic football season.

Semi-professional sports
Semi-professional sports are sports in which athletes are not participating on a full-time basis, but still receive some payment. Semi-professionals are not amateur because they receive regular payment from their team, but generally at a considerably lower rate than a full-time professional athlete. As a result, semi-professional players frequently have (or seek) full-time employment elsewhere. A semi-pro player or team could also be one that represents a place of employment that only the employees are allowed to play on. In this case, it is considered semi-pro because their employer pays them, but for their regular job, not for playing on the company's team.

The semi-professional status is not universal throughout the world and depends on each country's labour code and each sports organization's specific regulations.
Joe Barzda
Joseph John Barzda (May 22, 1915 – October 11, 1993) was an American racing driver from New Brunswick, New Jersey.

Barzda was primarily a midget racing and sprint car racing driver but made ten starts in the USAC National Championship from 1952 to 1959. His best race finish was a pair of fourth places in 1958 at Springfield and Trenton. He finished 18th in the 1958 National Championship. He unsuccessfully attempted to qualify for the Indianapolis 500 in 1951, 1952, and 1953. He retired after he was involved in a crash at Williams Grove Speedway in 1959 where Van Johnson died. Barzda survived with minor injuries.

In 1958 and 1959, Barzda was noted for fielding a Chevrolet-powered sprint car at a time when nearly all competitive sprint cars had Offenhauser engines.

Barzda and his brother Jim owned California Speed Shop in New Brunswick, New Jersey and continued to field racing cars after Joe's retirement from the cockpit.

United States Auto Club
The United States Auto Club (USAC) is one of the sanctioning bodies of auto racing in the United States. From 1956 to 1979, USAC sanctioned the United States National Championship, and from 1956 to 1997 the organization sanctioned the Indianapolis 500. USAC serves as the sanctioning body for a number of racing series, including the Silver Crown Series, National Sprint Cars, National Midgets, Speed2 Midget Series, .25 Midget Series, Stadium Super Trucks, and GT World Challenge America. Seven-time USAC champion Levi Jones is USAC's Competition Director.
Kentucky Route 2168
Kentucky Route 2168 (KY 2168) is a 3.1-mile (5.0 km) state highway in Boyle County, Kentucky. It is mainly used as a connector between U.S. Route 127 (US 127), KY 33, and KY 34. The first roundabout in Boyle County was built at the junction of KY 2168 with KY 33. The route features a multi-use path between KY 33 and KY 34 with future plans to expand the path all the way to US 127.

Shared-use path
A shared-use path, mixed-use path or multi-use pathway is a path which is "designed to accommodate the movement of pedestrians and cyclists". Examples of shared-use paths include sidewalks designated as shared-use, bridleways and rail trails. A shared-use path typically has a surface that is asphalt, concrete or firmly packed crushed aggregate. Shared-use paths differ from cycle tracks and cycle paths in that shared-use paths are designed to include pedestrians even if the primary anticipated users are cyclists.

The path may also permit other users such as inline skating. Contrastingly, motorcycles and mopeds are normally prohibited. Shared-use paths sometimes provide different lanes for users who travel at different speeds to prevent conflicts between user groups on high-use trails. Shared-use paths are criticised for creating conflict between different users. The UK's Department for Transport deprecates this kind of route in denser urban environments.
1912 Milwaukee mayoral election
An election for Mayor of Milwaukee was held on April 2, 1912. Incumbent mayor Emil Seidel was defeated for re-election by Democratic-Republican Fusion candidate Gerhard Adolph Bading, who won 58% of the vote. Bading was sworn in on April 17, 1912.

Candidates included Milwaukee mayor Emil Seidel, former Milwaukee health commissioner Gerhard Adolph Bading, and Prohibitionist Ivan D. Mishoff.

Democratic Party of Wisconsin
The Democratic Party of Wisconsin is the affiliate of the Democratic Party in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. It is currently headed by chair Devin Remiker.

Important issues for the state party include support for workers and unions, strong public education, and environmental protection. It currently controls two of Wisconsin's eight U.S. House seats, one of its U.S. Senate seats, and the governorship. Additionally, Democratic-aligned justices control a majority on the state Supreme Court.
Collins Rock
Collins Rock (66°17′S 110°33′E﻿ / ﻿66.283°S 110.550°E﻿ / -66.283; 110.550) is a low rock at the south side of the entrance to McGrady Cove, Newcomb Bay, on Budd Coast in Antarctica. It was first mapped from U.S. Navy Operation Highjump aerial photographs taken in February 1947, they surveyed in February 1957 by a party from the USS Glacier. The name was suggested by Lieutenant Robert C. Newcomb, U.S. Navy, navigator of the Glacier, for Engineman Frederick A. Collins, U.S. Navy, a member of the survey party.

Budd Coast
Budd Coast (66°30′S 112°0′E﻿ / ﻿66.500°S 112.000°E﻿ / -66.500; 112.000), part of Wilkes Land, is that portion of the coast of Antarctica lying between the Hatch Islands, at 109°16'E, and Cape Waldron, at 115°33'E. It was discovered in February 1840 by the U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838–42) under the leadership of Lieutenant Charles Wilkes, and named by Wilkes for Thomas A. Budd, Acting Master of the sloop Peacock, one of the ships used on the expedition. A portion of the Puget Sound, Budd Inlet, is also named for Thomas Budd.
Kilusiktogmiut
The Kilusiktogmiut were a Copper Inuit subgroup. They lived on Victoria Island, east of the Nagyuktogmiut who were known to inhabit the area northeast of Lady Franklin Point. They also lived on the mainland along the Coronation Gulf, particularly at the mouth of the Mackenzie River. They spent at least some time on the Banks Peninsula by Bathurst Inlet.

Banks Peninsula (Nunavut)
The Banks Peninsula (sometimes referred to as Banks' Peninsula) is located on the mainland of Canada's Nunavut territory. While there are no communities on the peninsula itself, the hamlet of Bathurst Inlet is situated nearby to the south, across the waterway of Bathurst Inlet. The peninsula features an irregular coastline, including a section bounded by Arctic Sound, with Point Wollaston being its northernmost geographic feature.

The peninsula is one of many landforms named in honour of Sir Joseph Banks, President of the Royal Society.
Robert Friedman (producer)
Robert Friedman (born 1956) is an American businessman in the entertainment industry. He is the CEO of Bungalow Media + Entertainment, a private equity-backed entertainment and media company he founded in 2013. It develops, produces and distributes content across all platforms. Beginning his career as an account manager at Grey Advertising he then held roles at AOL Time Warner, New Line Cinema, Classic Media, and RadicalMedia. He has produced films including Paradise Lost 3: Purgatory, Mortal Kombat: Conquest, and Under African Skies, for which he shared a Christopher Award.

Photographic processing
Photographic processing or photographic development is the chemical means by which photographic film or paper is treated after photographic exposure to produce a negative or positive image. Photographic processing transforms the latent image into a visible image, makes this permanent and renders it insensitive to light.

All processes based upon the gelatin silver process are similar, regardless of the film or paper's manufacturer. Exceptional variations include instant films such as those made by Polaroid and thermally developed films.  Kodachrome required Kodak's proprietary K-14 process.  Kodachrome film production ceased in 2009, and K-14 processing is no longer available as of December 30, 2010. Ilfochrome materials use the dye destruction process. Deliberately using the wrong process for a film is known as cross processing.
Frederick Banister
Frederick Dale Banister MICE (15 March 1823 – 22 December 1897), was an English civil engineer, best known for his 35 years as the Chief Engineer of the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway (LB&SCR).

Eridge railway station
Eridge railway station is on the Uckfield branch of the Oxted line in southern England and serves a rural district around Eridge in East Sussex. It is 35 miles 53 chains (35.66 miles, 57.39 km) from London Bridge. The station is managed by Southern.

Train services from the station are provided by Southern. Also, heritage services connecting to Groombridge, High Rocks and Tunbridge Wells West are run by the Spa Valley Railway. 
The station has a small car park and there is a pub next to the station called 
the Huntsman.
John Valentine (baseball)
John Gill Valentine (November 21, 1855 – October 10, 1903) was an American pitcher and umpire in Major League Baseball who played one season as a player for the 1883 Columbus Buckeyes of the American Association, and later umpired from 1884 to 1888.

Umpire (baseball)
In baseball, the umpire is the person charged with officiating the game, including beginning and ending the game, enforcing the rules of the game and the grounds, making judgment calls on plays, and handling disciplinary actions. The term is often shortened to the colloquial form ump. They are also sometimes nicknamed blue due to the traditional color of the uniform worn by umpires. Although games were often officiated by a sole umpire in the formative years of the sport, since the turn of the 20th century, officiating has been commonly divided among several umpires, who form the umpiring crew.  The position is analogous to that of a referee in many other sports.
WQCD (AM)
WQCD (1550 kHz) is a commercial classic rock AM radio station licensed to serve Delaware, Ohio, locally owned by Brent Casagrande through licensee Delmar Communications, Inc. The station primarily serves the Delaware County region and the northern portion of the Columbus metropolitan area as a full-time simulcast of WVXG in Mount Gilead. In addition to a standard analog transmission, WQCD is relayed over analog Delaware translator W225CM (92.9 FM), and is also available online; as WXGT's FM translator W225CS (92.9 FM) also broadcasts on the same frequency, WXGT and WQCD brand as "93X". The station's studios are located in Columbus's Brewery District, while the WQCD transmitter is located in Delaware.

The station broadcasts at 5,000 watts during the day and 29 watts at night as a Class D operation, to protect nearby Class-A clear-channel station CBEF Windsor, Ontario.

Delaware County, Ohio
Delaware County is located in the central portion of the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2020 census, the population was 214,124. Its county seat and largest city is Delaware. The county was formed in 1808 from Franklin County, Ohio. Both the county and its seat are named after the Delaware Indian tribe. It is a frequent placeholder on the List of highest-income counties in the United States; Delaware County was listed as the 35th wealthiest county in the United States in 2020. Delaware County is included in the Columbus, Ohio, metropolitan area. U.S. President Rutherford B. Hayes was born and raised in Delaware County. It is also home to the Columbus Zoo and Aquarium.