hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gareth Ward
Gareth James Ward is an Australian former politician and convicted criminal. Ward resigned from parliament in 2025 following a conviction for sexual assault. He was a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly and represented the seat of Kiama on the South Coast from 2011 to 2025, serving as New South Wales Minister for Families, Communities and Disability Services in the second Berejiklian ministry from 2019 to 2021.

He was suspended from the New South Wales parliament in March 2022 until the end of his term in March 2023, after being charged with sexual intercourse without consent, and three counts of indecent assault. He was convicted of all four counts in July 2025. Ward resigned from parliament on 8 August 2025 shortly before a vote on his expulsion from parliament following the guilty verdict in his trial. This triggered a by-election in Kiama. He was sentenced to five years and nine months in prison.

South Coast (New South Wales)
The South Coast refers to the narrow coastal belt from the Shoalhaven district in the north to the state border with Victoria in the south in the south-eastern part of the State of New South Wales, Australia. It is bordered to the west by the coastal escarpment of the Southern Tablelands, and is largely covered by a series of national parks, namely Jervis Bay National Park, Eurobodalla National Park, and Beowa National Park. To the east is the coastline of the Pacific Ocean, which is characterised by rolling farmlands, small towns and villages along a rocky coastline, interspersed by numerous beaches and lakes.

The South Coast includes Shoalhaven district in the north and the Bega Valley in the more remote south as well as the Eurobodalla Shire and the Commonwealth Jervis Bay Territory which is adjacent to the City of Shoalhaven Local Government Area. Some definitions of the region include the Illawarra, but it is often seen as a separate and distinct region of New South Wales.
Jenny Lind's soup
Jenny Lind's soup is a soup named for popular 19th-century singer Jenny Lind. She is supposed to have used this soup to soothe her chest and found it to be beneficial to her voice before performances.

The dish is made from mashed rutabaga or sago, chicken stock thickened with a roux, Gruyère cheese, sage, egg yolks, and heavy cream, and topped with beaten egg whites. (This topping, unfamiliar to many, is a common tradition in French cuisine de famille, as it uses up the whites left over from using the yolks as a thickener).

The soup is mentioned in Isabella Beeton's Mrs Beeton's Book of Household Management (1861) which draws on Eliza Acton's Modern Cookery for Private Families (1847); Acton based her description on Mary Howitt, translator of Swedish writer Fredrika Bremer.

Salvia officinalis
Salvia officinalis, common sage or sage, is a perennial, evergreen subshrub, with woody stems, grayish leaves, and blue to purplish flowers. It is a member of the mint family (Lamiaceae) and native to the Mediterranean region, though it has been naturalized in many places throughout the world. It has a long history of culinary use, and in modern times it has been used as an ornamental garden plant. The common name "sage" is also used for closely related species and cultivars.
Container method
The method of (hypergraph) containers is a powerful tool that can help characterize the typical structure and/or answer extremal questions about families of discrete objects with a prescribed set of local constraints. Such questions arise naturally in extremal graph theory, additive combinatorics, discrete geometry, coding theory, and Ramsey theory; they include some of the most classical problems in the associated fields.

These problems can be expressed as questions of the following form: given a hypergraph H on finite vertex set V with edge set E (i.e. a collection of subsets of V with some size constraints), what can we say about the independent sets of H (i.e. those subsets of V that contain no element of E)? The hypergraph container lemma provides a method for tackling such questions.

Ramsey theory
Ramsey theory, named after the British mathematician and philosopher Frank P. Ramsey, is a branch of the mathematical field of combinatorics that focuses on the appearance of order in a substructure given a structure of a known size. Problems in Ramsey theory typically ask a question of the form: "how big must some structure be to guarantee that a particular property holds?"
Texas & New Mexico Railway
The Texas & New Mexico Railway (reporting mark TXN) is a class III short-line railroad operating in west Texas and southeast New Mexico.  The railroad line operates on 111 miles of track from a connection with the Union Pacific at Monahans, Texas, and terminates at Lovington, New Mexico.  The railroad primarily provides freight service for the oilfields and related industries in the region.

Railroad classes
Railroad classes are the system by which freight railroads are designated in the United States. Railroads are assigned to Class I, II or III according to annual revenue criteria originally set by the Surface Transportation Board in 1992. With annual adjustments for inflation, the 2019 thresholds were US$504,803,294 for Class I carriers and US$40,384,263 for Class II carriers. (Smaller carriers were Class III by default.)

There are six Class I freight railroad companies in the United States: BNSF Railway, CSX Transportation, Canadian National Railway, CPKC, Norfolk Southern Railway, and Union Pacific Railroad. Canadian National also operates in Canada and CPKC operates in Canada and Mexico.

In addition, the national passenger railroad in the United States, Amtrak, would qualify as Class I if it were a freight carrier, as would Canada's Via Rail passenger service. Mexico's Ferromex freight railroad would also qualify as Class I, but it does not operate in the United States.
1948 Delaware gubernatorial election
The 1948 Delaware gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 1948.

Incumbent Republican Governor Walter W. Bacon was term-limited, having served two consecutive terms.

Democratic nominee Elbert N. Carvel defeated Republican nominee Hyland P. George with 53.69% of the vote.

Dover, Delaware
Dover (/ˈdoʊvər/ DOH-vər) is the capital and the second-most populous city of the U.S. state of Delaware, after Wilmington. It is also the county seat of Kent County and the principal city of the Dover metropolitan statistical area, which encompasses all of Kent County and is part of the Philadelphia–Wilmington–Camden, PA–NJ–DE–MD, combined statistical area. It is located on the St. Jones River in the Delaware River coastal plain. It was named by William Penn for Dover in Kent, England (for which Kent County is named). As of 2020, its population was 39,403.
John McClelland (soldier)
John McClelland (1766–1849) was an officer in the War of 1812. He was the son of American Revolutionary War officer Lieutenant-Colonel John B. McClelland, who was a casualty of Colonel Crawford's ill-fated Sandusky Expedition.

Bedford County, Pennsylvania
Bedford County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 47,577. The county seat is Bedford. The county is part of the Southwest region of the commonwealth.
BMX Bandits (band)
BMX Bandits are a Scottish guitar pop band formed in Bellshill in 1985. Led by songwriter and lead vocalist Duglas T. Stewart, their music is heavily influenced by 1960s pop and European composers such as Serge Gainsbourg, Ennio Morricone and Michel Legrand. They have shared members with numerous other local bands, including Teenage Fanclub and the Soup Dragons. BMX Bandits were a favourite band of Kurt Cobain, who said "If I could be in any other band, it would be BMX Bandits". In 2011, they were the subject of the documentary Serious Drugs: A Film About BMX Bandits.

Jangle pop
Jangle pop is a subgenre of pop rock and indie rock that emphasizes jangly guitars and 1960s-style pop melodies. The "jangly" guitar sound is characterized by its clean, shimmering and arpeggiated tone, often created using 12-string electric guitars. The term is usually applied to late 1970s/early 1980s bands emerging from the post-punk scene, often influenced by 1960s groups such as the Byrds. Notable acts include Big Star, R.E.M. and the Smiths.
Equestrian at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Individual jumping
The individual show jumping at the 2008 Summer Olympics took place between 15 and 21 August, at the Hong Kong Sports Institute. Like all other equestrian events, the jumping competition was mixed gender, with both male and female athletes competing in the same division. There were 77 competitors from 29 nations. The event was won by Eric Lamaze of Canada, the nation's first victory in individual jumping and first medal of any color in the event since 1976. Silver went to Rolf-Göran Bengtsson of Sweden, that nation's first medal in individual jumping since 1932. American Beezie Madden, who had led through the three qualifying rounds in 2004 before a bad first final round put her in 30th overall in Athens, took the bronze medal in Beijing.

Show jumping
Show jumping is a part of a group of English riding equestrian events that also includes eventing, hunters, and equitation. Jumping classes are commonly seen at horse shows throughout the world, including the Olympics. Sometimes shows are limited exclusively to jumpers. Sometimes jumper classes are offered in conjunction with other English-style events. Sometimes, show jumping is but one division of a very large, all-breed competition that includes a very wide variety of disciplines. Jumping classes may be governed by various national horse show sanctioning organizations, such as the United States Equestrian Federation or the British Showjumping Association.  International competitions are governed by the rules of the International Federation for Equestrian Sports.
Robert E. Lee Monument (Marianna, Arkansas)
The Robert E. Lee Monument (also known as the Marianna Confederate Monument) is a U. D. C. memorial built to honor Lee County's Confederate veterans. The monument was carved by the McNeel Marble Co. It is located in Marianna, Arkansas, across from the Lee County Courthouse. Dedicated in 1910, it is one of several monuments built to honor Confederate soldiers. The structure is a local tourist attraction and, since 1996, has been listed in the National Register of Historic Places.

Marianna, Arkansas
Marianna is a town in and the county seat of Lee County, Arkansas, United States. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 4,115, but by 2018 the population had dropped to an estimated 3,477.

Located along the L'Anguille River in the Arkansas Delta just north of the St. Francis National Forest, the community was known as "Walnut Ridge" until 1852 when it became known as "Marianna". The town's economy has historically been based on agriculture, especially cotton production. The town is located along Crowley's Ridge Parkway and the Great River Road, both National Scenic Byways showcasing Crowley's Ridge and the Mississippi River.
Yiddish phonology
There is significant phonological variation among the various Yiddish dialects. The description that follows is of a modern Standard Yiddish that was devised during the early 20th century and is frequently encountered in pedagogical contexts.

Patach
Pataḥ (Hebrew: פַּתָּח patákh, IPA: [paˈtaħ], Biblical Hebrew: pattā́ḥ) is a Hebrew niqqud vowel sign represented by a horizontal line ⟨ אַ‎ ⟩ underneath a letter. In modern Hebrew, it indicates the phoneme /a/ which is close to the "[a]" sound in the English word far and is transliterated as an a.

In Modern Hebrew, a pataḥ makes the same sound as a qamatz, as does the ḥaṭaf pataḥ (Hebrew: חֲטַף פַּתַח IPA: [ħaˈtˤaf paˈtaħ], "reduced pataḥ"). The reduced (or ḥaṭaf) niqqud exist for pataḥ, qamatz, and segol which contain a shva next to it.

In Yiddish orthography, a pataḥ (called pasekh in Yiddish) has two uses. The combination of pasekh with the letter aleph, אַ, is used to represent the vowel [a]; the combination of pasekh with a digraph consisting of two yods, ײַ, is used to represent the diphthong [aj].
Ixodes marxi
Ixodes marxi is a species of tick, commonly known as the squirrel tick. It is a known vector of Powassan virus and can transmit the virus to human beings.  These ticks can be found in numerous states of the United States as well as numerous Canadian provinces. Nymphs have been found on vegetation. Hosts include the eastern chipmunk, American red squirrel, Eastern gray squirrel, flying squirrels, snowshoe hares, foxes, and raccoons.

Eastern gray squirrel
The eastern gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis), known outside of the United States as the grey squirrel, is a species of tree squirrel in the genus Sciurus. It is native to eastern North America, where it is the most prodigious and ecologically essential natural forest regenerator. Widely introduced to certain places around the world, the eastern gray squirrel in Europe, in particular, is regarded as an invasive species.

In Europe, Sciurus carolinensis is included (since 2016) in the list of Invasive Alien Species of Union concern (the Union list). This implies that this species cannot be imported, bred, transported, commercialized, or intentionally released into the environment in the whole of the European Union.
George F. Donnelly Cup
The George F. Donnelly Cup was an annual amateur soccer competition organized by the United States Adult Soccer Association. It is named after George F. Donnelly, president of the former National Soccer League and prominent figure in promoting soccer in the United States.

The competition includes a men's tournament and a women's tournament. Each tournament is composed of four "Regional Select" teams (one for each region in the USASA), who have competed as "State Select" teams in regional qualifying tournaments. These select teams are made up of the best amateur players within any given state's soccer association.

The Donnelly Cup, until 2009, was held each year during the Martin L. King Jr. holiday weekend in January. Prior to 2003, it was conducted during Thanksgiving Day weekend in November.

In 2010, the competition was staged during July in Lancaster, MA, and won for the third time by the Connecticut State Soccer Association (CSSA) entry.

George Donnelly (footballer)
George John Donnelly (born 28 May 1988) is an English professional footballer who plays as a striker.

He has previously played for Skelmersdale United, Plymouth Argyle, Luton Town, Stockport County, Fleetwood Town, Macclesfield Town and Tranmere Rovers.

Donnelly has played internationally for England at non-league level.
Small nucleolar RNA SNORD110
In molecular biology, Small Nucleolar RNA SNORD110 (also known as HBII-55) is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the biogenesis (modification) of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.

HBII-55 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the C (UGAUGA) and D (CUGA) box motifs. Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2′-O-methylation of substrate RNAs. HBII-55 is predicted to guide the 2′O-ribose methylation of 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) at residue U1288.

Methylation
Methylation, in the chemical sciences, is the addition of a methyl group on a substrate, or the substitution of an atom (or group) by a methyl group. Methylation is a form of alkylation, with a methyl group replacing a hydrogen atom.  These terms are commonly used in chemistry, biochemistry, soil science, and biology.

In biological systems, methylation is catalyzed by enzymes; such methylation can be involved in modification of heavy metals, regulation of gene expression, regulation of protein function, and RNA processing. In vitro methylation of tissue samples is also a way to reduce some histological staining artifacts. The reverse of methylation is demethylation.
Taub
Taub is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Abraham H. Taub (1911–1999), American mathematician and physicist

Ari Taub (wrestler) (born 1971), Canadian wrestler

Ben Taub (1889–1982), American philanthropist and medical benefactor

Daniel Taub (born 1962), Israeli diplomat

David Rosenmann-Taub (born 1927), Chilean poet, musician, and artist

Edward Taub (born 1931), American behavioral neuroscientist

Gadi Taub (born 1965), Israeli historian, author, screenwriter, and political commentator

Gypsy Taub (born 1969), Russian American activist

Henry Taub (1927–2011), American businessman and philanthropist

Leandro Taub (born 1983), Argentine actor and author

Richard Taub (1937–2020), American sociologist

Robert Taub (born 1955), American concert pianist

Ben Taub
Ben Taub (1889–1982) was a philanthropist and medical benefactor in Houston, Texas. Taub ran numerous businesses and served on the boards of directors for several Texas organizations. He helped in the expansion and development of Houston entities such as the Texas Medical Center and the University of Houston. Ben Taub General Hospital, a large hospital in Houston, is named for him.
Listed buildings in Spurstow
Spurstow is a civil parish in Cheshire East, England.  It contains 17 buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England as designated listed buildings.  Of these, one is listed at Grade II*, the middle grade, and the others are at Grade II.  The parish is mainly rural, and the listed buildings include houses, cottages, farmhouses, farm buildings, a smithy, and a school.

Cheshire East
Cheshire East is a unitary authority area with borough status in Cheshire, England. The local authority is Cheshire East Council. Towns within the area include Crewe, Macclesfield, Congleton, Wilmslow, Nantwich, Poynton, Knutsford, Alsager, Bollington, Handforth and Sandbach.
ARA Comodoro Rivadavia
At least two ships of the Argentine Navy have been named ARA Comodoro Rivadavia:

ARA Comodoro Rivadavia (1937), a survey vessel commissioned in 1928 as San Juan she was  renamed Comodoro Riavdavia in 1937 and Madryn in 1942. She was sold in 1967.

ARA Comodoro Rivadavia (Q-11), a survey ship commissioned in 1974.

Argentina also operated in a State owned shipping line:

SS Comodoro Rivadavia (1922), previously the mercantile Anselm in service from 1942 to 1944.

In addition at least two ships have been named ARA Rivadavia :

ARA Rivadavia (1902), a Rivadavia-class cruiser ordered from Italy and given the temporary name of San Mitra, renamed Rivadavia on launching in 1902. Sold to Japan and renamed Kasuga before completion in 1903. She was sunk in 1945.

ARA Rivadavia (1911), a Rivadavia-class battleship launched in 1911 and scrapped in 1957.

ARA Comodoro Rivadavia (Q-11)
ARA Comodoro Rivadavia (Q-11) was a survey ship of the Argentine Navy assigned to the national Hydrographic Naval Service (SHN for Servicio de Hidrografia Naval) which among other things is responsible of the maintenance of nautical charts and navigational aids
1978 United Bank Tennis Classic – Doubles
The 1976 United Bank Tennis Classic – Doubles was an event of the 1976 United Bank Tennis Classic men's tennis tournament and was played on indoor carpet courts in Denver, Colorado in the United States, between February 20 and February 26, 1978. The draw consisted of 16 teams of which four were seeded. Colin Dibley and Geoff Masters were the defending doubles champions but did not compete in this edition. First-seeded team of Bob Hewitt and Frew McMillan won the United Bank Tennis Classic doubles title by defeating the third-seeded pairing Fred McNair and Sherwood Stewart in the final, 6–3, 6–2.

Bob Hewitt
Robert Anthony John Hewitt (born 12 January 1940) is a former professional tennis player from Australia. In 1967, after marrying a South African, he became a South African citizen. He has won 15 major titles and a career Grand Slam in both men's and mixed doubles.

In 2015, he was convicted of rape and sexual assault of girls he was coaching in the 1980s and 1990s; Hewitt was sentenced to six years in jail, and was subsequently expelled from the International Tennis Hall of Fame.
Phil Wyman
Phillip David Wyman  (February 21, 1945 – November 28, 2019) was an American politician from California. A Republican, he was a member of the California State Assembly from 1978 to 1992 and again from 2000 to 2002; he was also a member of the California State Senate from 1993 to 1994.

Palmdale, California
Palmdale is a city in northern Los Angeles County, California, United States. The city lies in the Antelope Valley of Southern California. The San Gabriel Mountains separate Palmdale from the Los Angeles Basin to the south.

On August 24, 1962, Palmdale became the first city in Antelope Valley. Forty-seven years later, in November 2009, voters approved making it a charter city. Palmdale's population was 169,450 at the 2020 census, up from 152,750 at the 2010 census. Palmdale is the 33rd most populous city in California. Together with its immediate northern neighbor, the city of Lancaster, the Palmdale–Lancaster urban area had a population of 359,559 in 2020.
Schoemanshoek
Schoemanshoek (literally meaning "Schoeman's Corner") is a village on the R328 regional route between Oudtshoorn and the Swartberg in the Western Cape province of South Africa. The village lies on the Grobbelaars River in a valley where tobacco, alfalfa and soft fruit are grown.

The settlement is just south of Schoemanspoort on the same road.

In the 2011 South African census the population of the settlement and the surrounding areas was 2,043 people living in 391 households.

Oudtshoorn
Oudtshoorn (/ˈaʊtshɔːrn/, Afrikaans pronunciation: [ˈœutsˌɦuərən]) is a town in the Western Cape province of South Africa, located between the Swartberg mountains to the north and the Outeniqua Mountains to the south. Dubbed the "ostrich capital of the world", Oudtshoorn is known for its ostrich-feather booms, during 1865–1870 and 1900–1914. With approximately 60,000 inhabitants, it is the largest town in the Klein Karoo region. The town's economy is primarily reliant on the ostrich farming and tourism industries. Oudtshoorn is home to the world's largest ostrich population, with a number of specialised ostrich breeding farms, such as the Safari Show Farm and the Highgate Ostrich Show Farm, as stated by Pierre D. Toit.

Bhongolethu is a township 10 km (6 mi) east of Oudtshoorn. Derived from Xhosa, its name means "our pride".
Biomesh
Biomesh (or biologic mesh) is a type of surgical mesh made from an organic biomaterial (such as porcine dermis, porcine small intestine submucosa, bovine dermis or pericardium, and the dermis or fascia lata of a cadaveric human). Biologic mesh is primarily indicated for several types of hernia repair, including inguinal and ventral hernias, hernia prophylaxis, and contaminated hernia repairs. However, it has also been used in pelvic floor dysfunction, parotidectomy, and reconstructive plastic surgery. The development of biologic mesh largely has derived from the need of a biocompatible material that addresses "the problems associated with a permanent synthetic mesh, including chronic inflammation, foreign body reaction, fibrosis, and mesh infection." As of 2015, however, the efficacy and optimal use of biological mesh products remains in question.

Incisional hernia
An incisional hernia is a type of hernia caused by an incompletely-healed surgical wound. Since median incisions in the abdomen are frequent for abdominal exploratory surgery, ventral incisional hernias are often also classified as ventral hernias due to their location. Not all ventral hernias are from incisions, as some may be caused by other trauma or congenital problems.