hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences
The Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences (ACJS) is an international association established in 1963 to foster professional and scholarly activities in the field of criminal justice and criminology. ACJS promotes criminal justice and criminology education, policy analysis, and research for scholars, practitioners, and policymakers. Its national office is located in Greenbelt, Maryland, a suburb of Washington, D.C., in the US.

Scholar
A scholar is a person who is a researcher or has expertise in an academic discipline. A scholar can also be an academic, who works as a professor, teacher, or researcher at a university. An academic usually holds an advanced degree or a terminal degree, such as a master's degree or a doctorate. Independent scholars and public intellectuals work outside the academy yet may publish in academic journals and participate in scholarly public discussion.
James Creed
Sir James Creed (c. 1695 – 7 February 1762) was an English merchant and politician.

Creed was a merchant of London and a director of the Honourable East India Company. He was in business in the manufacture of white lead, for which he obtained a patent in December 1749. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in February, 1743.  He was seen as a loyal supporter of the Prime Minister, the Duke of Newcastle.

In 1754 Creed was elected Member of Parliament (MP) for Canterbury where he was seen as a loyal supporter of the Whig Prime Minister, the Duke of Newcastle.  He lost the seat to two Tory candidates in 1761.

Creed was buried with his wife Dame Mary Creed at St Alfege Church, Greenwich where there is a marble monument to his memory against the outer north wall.

Duke of Newcastle
Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne was a title that was created three times, once in the Peerage of England and twice in the Peerage of Great Britain. The first grant of the title was made in 1665 to William Cavendish, 1st Marquess of Newcastle upon Tyne. He was a prominent Royalist commander during the Civil War.

The related title of Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne [sic] was created once in the Peerage of Great Britain. It was conferred in 1756 on Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne (of the third creation), to provide a slightly more remote special remainder. The title became extinct in 1988, a year that saw the deaths of the distantly related ninth and tenth Dukes of Newcastle-under-Lyne.
Kalloch
Kalloch is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Christina Kalloch (1958–), German theologian, a signator of Church 2011

Isaac Smith Kalloch (1832–1887), American Baptist minister and politician

Robert Kalloch (1893–1947), American fashion designer

Isaac Smith Kalloch
Isaac Smith Kalloch (July 10, 1832 – December 9, 1887) was a Baptist pastor from New England who served as the 18th Mayor of San Francisco from December 1, 1879, to December 4, 1881. He also served as the first president of Ottawa University in Kansas from 1866 to 1868.
Collective collection
A collective collection, shared collection, collaborative collection, or shared print program is a joint effort by multiple academic or research libraries to house, manage, and provide access to their collective physical collections. Most shared print programs focus on collections of monographs and/or serials. Similar efforts have addressed acquisition and/or retention of microform, federal government documents, and digital collections. Shared print programs often have activities in common with national repositories and archiving programs. Discussions surrounding shared print programs in their current form have come to the forefront as a popular solution to shrinking collection budgets, rising costs of resources, and competing space needs.

Serial (publishing)
In publishing and library and information science, the term serial is applied to materials "in any medium issued under the same title in a succession of discrete parts, usually numbered (or dated) and appearing at regular or irregular intervals with no predetermined conclusion."

This includes the literary serial, where a story is published in several parts, but also all kinds of periodicals such as magazines and journals.
Abbey of St. Vincent, Senlis
The Abbey of St. Vincent, otherwise the Royal Abbey of St. Vincent (French: Abbaye Saint-Vincent de Senlis), was a former monastery of canons regular in Senlis, Oise, which was dissolved during the French Revolution. Late in their history, they became part of a new congregation of canons regular with the motherhouse at the Royal Abbey of St Genevieve in Paris, known as the Genofévains, widely respected for their institutions of learning.

Rule of Saint Augustine
The Rule of Saint Augustine, written in about the year 400, is a brief document divided into eight chapters and serves as an outline for religious life lived in community. It is the oldest monastic rule in the Western Church.

The rule, developed by Augustine of Hippo (354–430), governs chastity, poverty, obedience, detachment from the world, the apportionment of labour, the inferiors, fraternal charity, prayer in common, fasting and abstinence proportionate to the strength of the individual, care of the sick, silence and reading during meals. It came into use on a wide scale from the twelfth century onwards and continues to be employed today by many orders, including the Dominicans, Servites, Mercederians, Norbertines, and Augustinians.
Belle Vue Airfield
Belle Vue Airfield (often classed as airport or heliport) is a single runway airfield about 2.5 miles (4.0 km) north east of Great Torrington in North Devon, England. It is for general and private aviation only, and the 580 meter, or 1,902 foot, runway is grass.

It is most popular for model aircraft flying clubs like the Midlands Large Model Aircraft Flying Club to fly their planes at special events here. It is one of the smallest aviation hubs in Devon.

It was previously the second hub for Devon Air Ambulance.

Great Torrington
Great Torrington (often abbreviated to Torrington, though the villages of Little Torrington and Black Torrington are situated in the same region) is a market town in Devon, England. Parts of it are sited on high ground with steep drops down to the River Torridge below, with the lower-lying parts of the town prone to occasional flooding. Torrington is in the centre of Tarka Country, a landscape captured by Henry Williamson in his novel Tarka the Otter in 1927. Great Torrington has one of the most active volunteering communities in the United Kingdom.

In July 2019, Great Torrington was reported to be the healthiest place to live in Britain. Researchers from the University of Liverpool found that the area had low levels of pollution, good access to green space and health services, along with few retail outlets.
Pennsylvania Railroad 1737
Pennsylvania Railroad 1737 was a 4-6-2 Pacific type K4 class steam locomotive built in 1914 as the first of its class and would haul heavier passenger trains that the smaller E class 4-4-2 Atlantics could not handle such as the PRR's flagship passenger train, the Broadway Limited. In the 1930s, as the PRR had increased passenger service time tables, the trains became longer and heavier than a single K4s could handle, necessitating double-heading with a second engine. The "Standard Railroad Of The World" made attempts to replace the 1737 and its classmates with larger, more powerful classes including: K5, S1, and the T1, none of which were successful; thus, the K4s continued hauling passenger trains until the Pennsylvania Railroad replaced steam locomotives with the increasingly-popular and less-costly diesel-electric locomotives in 1957.

Broadway Limited
The Broadway Limited was a passenger train operated by the Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR) between New York City and Chicago from 1912 to 1995. It was the Pennsylvania's premier train, competing directly with the New York Central Railroad's 20th Century Limited. The Broadway Limited continued operating after the formation of Penn Central (PC) in February 1968, one of the few long-distance trains to do so. PC conveyed the train to Amtrak in 1971, who operated it until 1995. The train's name referred not to Broadway in Manhattan, but rather to the "broad way" of PRR's four-track right-of-way along the majority of its route.
Shashiskau River
The Shashiskau River is a river in northern Cochrane District in Northeastern Ontario, Canada. It is part of the James Bay drainage basin, and is a right tributary of the Kesagami River.

The river begins at an unnamed lake in the Shashiskau Hills and adjacent to Kesagami Lake and flows north through Shashiskau Lake, where it takes in the right tributary Little Shashiskau River. It continues north, turns northeast, takes in the right tributary Harvey Creek, and reaches its mouth at the Kesagami River. The Kesagami River flows via the Harricana River to James Bay.

Kesagami Lake
Kesagami Lake is a lake of Cochrane District, in Northeastern Ontario, in Canada. It is a shallow lake that was formed assumedly by glacial erosion and unique for its size in the James Bay area. Entirely protected within Kesagami Provincial Park, it is notable in particular for its trophy pike and walleye fishing.

The lake, formerly also called Mesackamee or Mesackamy Lake, was home to a Hudson's Bay Company trading post, called Mesackamee House, between 1777 and 1780. George Atkinson, Peter Liske, William Thomas, and William Robinson were sent there from Moose Factory along with two indigenous families to settle the area in order to protect business at Abitibi from competitors. The post was abandoned by October 1779.

Fish species in Kesagami Lake include burbot, herring, northern pike, common white sucker and longnose sucker, perch, walleye, and lake whitefish.
Curtis White (cyclist)
Curtis White (born September 28, 1995 in Schenectady, New York, United States) is an American professional cyclist, who currently rides for Steve Tilford Foundation Racing. He is the brother of former racing cyclist Emma White.

Gloucester, Massachusetts
Gloucester (/ˈɡlɒstər/ GLOS-tər) is a city in Essex County, Massachusetts,  United States. It sits on Cape Ann and is a part of Massachusetts's North Shore. The population was 29,729 at the 2020 U.S. census. An important center of the fishing industry and a popular summer destination, Gloucester consists of an urban core on the north side of the harbor and the outlying neighborhoods of Annisquam, Bay View, Lanesville, Folly Cove, Magnolia, Riverdale, East Gloucester, and West Gloucester.
1998 du Maurier Open – Men's singles
Patrick Rafter defeated Richard Krajicek in the final, 7–6,(7–3), 6–4 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 1998 Canadian Open. Rafter became the first tennis player in 10 years in winning the tournament without dropping a set, after Ivan Lendl did the same achievement in 1988.

Chris Woodruff was the reigning champion, but did not participate this year due to an 8-month injury.

Richard Krajicek
Richard Peter Stanislav Krajicek (Czech: Krajíček; born 6 December 1971) is a Dutch former professional tennis player and tournament director. Krajicek won 17 singles titles during his career, including the 1996 Wimbledon Championships, becoming the first (and only) Dutchman to win a major singles title. He reached a career high world No. 4 ranking in men's singles by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) in March 1999. Retiring from the sport in 2003, Krajicek has been the tournament director of the Rotterdam Open since 2004. He is also the author of various sports books.
Lorenzetti
Lorenzetti is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ambrogio Lorenzetti (c. 1290–1348), Sienese painter

Angelo Lorenzetti (born 1964), Italian volleyball coach

Daniel Lorenzetti, author, documentary photographer, and explorer

Dario Lorenzetti (1970–2012), American military officer and intelligence operative

Enrico Lorenzetti (1911–1989), Italian motorcycle road racer

Gustavo Lorenzetti (born 1985), Argentine footballer

Maria Rita Lorenzetti (born 1953), Italian politician

Pietro Lorenzetti (c. 1280–1348), Sienese painter, brother of Ambrogio Lorenzetti

Ricardo Lorenzetti (born 1955), Argentine judge

Tommaso Lorenzetti (born 1985), Italian motorcycle racer

Dario Lorenzetti
Dario Natale Lorenzetti (May 20, 1970 – October 13, 2012) was an American military officer and intelligence operative who served in the U.S. Army and later in the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). A graduate of the United States Military Academy at West Point, he held positions in the 101st Airborne Division, the 75th Ranger Regiment, and the 1st Infantry Division. After transitioning to intelligence work, Lorenzetti was killed in Afghanistan in a suicide bombing. His contributions were honored with a star on the CIA Memorial Wall.
Exothermic welding
Exothermic welding, also known as exothermic bonding, thermite welding (TW), and thermit welding, is a welding process that employs molten metal to permanently join the conductors.  The process employs an exothermic reaction of a thermite composition to heat the metal, and requires no external source of heat or current.  The chemical reaction that produces the heat is an aluminothermic reaction between aluminium powder and a metal oxide.

Aluminothermic reaction
Aluminothermic reactions are exothermic chemical reactions using aluminium as the reducing agent at high temperature.  The process is industrially useful for production of alloys of iron. The most prominent example is the thermite reaction between iron oxides and aluminium to produce iron itself:

Fe2O3  +  2 Al   →   2 Fe  +  Al2O3

This specific reaction is however not relevant to the most important application of aluminothermic reactions, the production of ferroalloys.  For the production of iron, a cheaper reducing agent, coke, is used instead via the carbothermic reaction.
Last of the Summer Wine series 6
The sixth series of Last of the Summer Wine originally aired on BBC1 between 4 January and 15 February 1982. All episodes were written by Roy Clarke, and produced and directed by Alan J. W. Bell.

The sixth series was released on DVD in region 2 as a combined box set with series 5 on 5 March 2007.

Roy Clarke
Sir Roy Clarke (born 28 January 1930) is an English comedy writer, best known for creating the sitcoms Last of the Summer Wine, Keeping Up Appearances, Open All Hours and its sequel series, Still Open All Hours.
Gnaeus Manlius Vulso (consul 189 BC)
Gnaeus Manlius Vulso (fl. 189 BC) was a Roman consul for the year 189 BC, together with Marcus Fulvius Nobilior. He led a victorious campaign against the Galatian Gauls of Asia Minor in 189 BC during the Galatian War. He was awarded a triumph in 187 BC.

Vulso belonged to the patrician gens Manlia, but his connection with the better known Torquatus branch is unknown.  He may have been descended from Aulus (or Gaius) Manlius Cn.f. Vulso, consul in 474 BC; or from Lucius Manlius A.f. Vulso Longus, consul in 256 and 250 BC.

A. Manlius Cn.f. Vulso, consul eleven years later in 178 BC, may have been his younger brother.

Galatia
Galatia (/ɡəˈleɪʃə/; Ancient Greek: Γαλατία, Galatía, Turkish: Galatya) was an ancient area in the highlands of central Anatolia, roughly corresponding to the provinces of Ankara and Eskişehir in modern Turkey. Galatia was named after the Gauls from Thrace (cf. Tylis), who settled here and became a small transient foreign tribe in the 3rd century BC, following the Gallic invasion of the Balkans in 279 BC.
1975–76 John Player Cup
The 1975–76 John Player Cup was the fifth edition of England's premier rugby union club competition at the time. Gosforth won the competition defeating Rosslyn Park in the final. In the final Bob Mordell of Rosslyn Park punched Dave Robinson and was sent off after only ten minutes of the game. The event was sponsored for the first time by John Player cigarettes and the final was held at Twickenham Stadium.

Gosforth RFC
Gosforth Rugby Football Club is a rugby union team, currently playing in Durham/Northumberland 3 following the club's relegation from Durham/Northumberland 2 at the end of the 2019-20 season. The club was originally established in 1877, however in 1996 the club split in two. One half, Newcastle Gosforth (now Newcastle Red Bulls) went on to become the first ever professional rugby union club. Newcastle Red Bulls have been one of the most successful clubs in Northern England with 1 Premiership and 4 domestic cups to their name. The amateur Gosforth club was founded in the split.

Their local rivals are Northern Football Club.
Whatlington
Whatlington is a village and civil parish in the Rother district of East Sussex, England. The village is seven miles (11 km) north of Hastings, just off the A21 road.

The village is in two parts, one in the valley on the road from Battle, where the church and the parish hall lie on either side of the stream, and one a mile or so further on the main A21 to Hastings, with a triangular village green in front of the Royal Oak pub and restaurant.

The Norman parish church is dedicated to St Mary Magdalene; the yew tree which stood there until 1987 was traditionally thought to be one thousand years old, and to have been used by William the Conqueror to hang members of King Harold's personal guard. Malcolm Muggeridge lived with his family in Whatlington; both he and his wife are buried in the churchyard.

On the main road a now disused chapel serves as a commercial business.

The early feminist Barbara Bodichon was born here in 1827.

Taxus
Taxus is a genus of coniferous trees or shrubs known as yews in the family Taxaceae. Yews occur around the globe in temperate zones of the northern hemisphere, northernmost in Norway and southernmost in the South Celebes. Some populations exist in tropical highlands.

The oldest known fossil species are from the Early Cretaceous.
St James' Church, Lübeck
St. James' Church (German: Jakobikirche) is one of the five main Evangelical Lutheran parish churches in Lübeck's old town, Germany.

It was consecrated in 1334, serving as a church for sailors and fishermen who still have their "Schütting" (originally from the Norwegian "Skotting" and now known as Schøttstuene) for meeting houses in the shipping company opposite the church. The patron saint of the church is Saint James the Elder. The church also serves as a stop on a branch of the North German Way of St. James, alongside the Holy Spirit Hospital and the neighboring Gertrudenherberge. Since September 2007, the northern tower chapel of the church has been a national memorial for civil seafaring, known as the Pamir Chapel.

Seamanship
Seamanship is the art, competence, and knowledge of operating a ship, boat or other craft on water. The Oxford Dictionary states that seamanship is "The skill, techniques, or practice of handling a ship or boat at sea."

It involves topics and development of specialised skills, including navigation and international maritime law and regulatory knowledge; weather, meteorology and forecasting; watchkeeping; ship-handling and small boat handling; operation of deck equipment, anchors and cables; ropework and line handling; communications; sailing; engines; execution of evolutions such as towing; cargo handling equipment, dangerous cargoes and cargo storage; dealing with emergencies; survival at sea and search and rescue; and fire fighting.

The degree of knowledge needed within these areas is dependent upon the nature of the work and the type of vessel employed by a seafarer.
Sir Jervoise Clarke-Jervoise, 2nd Baronet
Sir Jervoise Clarke-Jervoise, 2nd Baronet (28 April 1804 – 1 April 1889) was a British Liberal Party politician.

Clarke Jervoise was the son of Rev. Samuel Clarke, who assumed the surname of Jervois in 1808 and was made a baronet in 1813.

He was elected at the 1857 general election as a Member of Parliament (MP) for South Hampshire, and held the seat until he stood down from the House of Commons at the 1868 general election.

In 1829, Clarke-Jervoise married Georgiana Thompson, the daughter of George Nesbit Thompson, Esquire, of Chapel Street, Grosvenor Place, London.  The couple lived at Idsworth Park, Hampshire, England. They had two sons and three daughters.

Clarke-Jervoise's daughter Teresa married John Delaware Lewis, MP for Devonport. Another daughter, Janet, married James Small, Laird of Dirnanean in Perthshire, Scotland.

Clarke-Jervoise's eldest son, Major Jervoise Clarke-Jervoise, died 22 April 1872. Jervoise's son Arthur succeeded in the baronetcy.

South Hampshire (UK Parliament constituency)
South Hampshire (formally the Southern division of Hampshire) was a parliamentary constituency in the county of Hampshire, which returned two Members of Parliament (MPs) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, elected by the bloc vote system.

It was created under the Great Reform Act for the 1832 general election, and abolished by the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 for the 1885 general election.
Michigan's 40th House of Representatives district
Michigan's 40th House of Representatives district (also referred to as Michigan's 40th House district) is a legislative district within the Michigan House of Representatives located in part of Kalamazoo County. The district was created in 1965, when the Michigan House of Representatives district naming scheme changed from a county-based system to a numerical one.

Kalamazoo County, Michigan
Kalamazoo County (/ˌkæləməˈzuː/ KAL-ə-mə-ZOO) is a county located in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of 2020, the population was 261,670. The county seat is Kalamazoo. Kalamazoo County is included in the Kalamazoo–Portage, MI Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Deva (1995 film)
Deva (/ðeɪvɑː/) is a 1995 Indian Tamil-language romantic action film directed by S. A. Chandrasekharan and produced by B. Vimal. The film stars Vijay, and debutante Swathi, while Sivakumar, Manorama, Mansoor Ali Khan and Manivannan play supporting roles. The film revolves around a couple who are deeply in love, but encounter opposition from the woman's father, who is head of the village. The father believes the man is not a suitable partner due to his perceived reputation. The film was released on 17 February 1995 and had a successful theatrical run of 100 days in Tamil Nadu.

Sivakumar
Palaniswamy (born 27 October 1941), better known by his stage name Sivakumar, is an Indian visual artist and former actor who has appeared in Tamil cinema and television. He made his acting debut in Kaakum Karangal (1965) and has worked in 195 movies, predominantly in Tamil cinema. He has won three Filmfare Awards South and two Tamil Nadu State Film Awards.
Mike Murphy (footballer)
Michael Murphy (born 15 April 1939) is an English former amateur footballer who played in the Football League Third Division South as a goalkeeper for Reading.

He also played for several amateur clubs, including Thornycroft Athletic in the Hampshire League, Redhill in the Athenian League and, while doing his National Service, Wembley in the Corinthian League. His two first team appearances for Reading were in a league match against Brentford (lost 2–1) and a London Charity Cup fixture against Queens Park Rangers (drew 1–1).

Thornycroft Athletic F.C.
Thornycroft Athletic was a works football club based in Basingstoke, Hampshire. For many years they played in the Hampshire League but were forced to close in 1972 - three years after winning the title, following the loss of their ground.