hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Len Butt (footballer, born 1910)
Leonard George Butt (26 August 1910 in Wilmslow – June 1994) was a professional footballer, who played for Stockport County, Macclesfield Town, Huddersfield Town, Blackburn Rovers, York City and Mansfield Town.

He was later manager at Mossley  and Macclesfield Town.

Mossley A.F.C.
Mossley Association Football Club is a football club in Mossley, Greater Manchester, England. Nicknamed the Lilywhites after the white shirts adopted in 1912, they are currently members of the Northern Premier League Division One West and play at Seel Park.
Gleb Tikhonov
Gleb Tikhonov (born 1992) is a Russian-Finnish male orienteering competitor.

He is a two-time World Orienteering Championships bronze medalist in the mixed relay — in 2014 in Asiago-Lavarone and in 2015 in Inverness — with the Russian team. As a junior, he won a gold medal in the sprint and a bronze medal in the long distance at the 2011 Junior World Ski Orienteering Championships in Lillehammer, and a gold medal in the sprint and in the relay at the 2012 Junior World Championships in Košice. He is the only Russian male to have won individual gold medals at both SkiO And FootO Junior World Orienteering Championships.

Junior World Orienteering Championships
The Junior World Orienteering Championships (JWOC) are an annual orienteering competition. They were first held in 1990. Entry is open to national teams aged 20 and below as of 31 December in the year of competition. Representative countries must be members of the International Orienteering Federation (IOF).
Ruszów railway station
Ruszów (German: Rauscha) is a railway station in the village of Ruszów, Zgorzelec County, within the Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.

The station is situated on the Miłkowice–Jasień railway (between Węgliniec and Zielona Góra via Żary) and was once the terminus of the now abandoned Ruszów–Gozdnica railway.

Miłkowice–Jasień railway
The Miłkowice–Jasień railway is a double-track and single-track railway connecting Miłkowice railway station in Miłkowice and Żary railway station in Żary. The section between Jasień and Żary has been closed since 1992.
Kochetok
Kochetok (Ukrainian: Кочеток, Russian: Кочеток) is a rural settlement in Chuhuiv Raion of Kharkiv Oblast in Ukraine. It is located on the right bank of the Donets. Kochetok belongs to Chuhuiv urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 2,916 (2022 estimate).

Until 26 January 2024, Kochetok was designated urban-type settlement. On this day, a new law entered into force which abolished this status, and Kochetok became a rural settlement.

Kharkiv Oblast
Kharkiv Oblast (Ukrainian: Харківська область, romanized: Kharkivska oblast, Russian: Харьковская область, romanized: Kharkovskaya oblast), also referred to as Kharkivshchyna (Ukrainian: Харківщина), is an oblast (province) in eastern Ukraine.

Kharkiv borders Luhansk Oblast to the east, Donetsk Oblast to the southeast, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast to the southwest, Poltava Oblast to the west, Sumy Oblast to the northwest and Russia's Belgorod Oblast to the north. Its area is 31,400 square kilometres (12,100 sq mi), or 5.2% of the total territory of Ukraine.

The oblast is the third-most populous of Ukraine, with a population of 2,598,961 in 2021, more than half (1.42 million) of whom live in the city of Kharkiv, the oblast's administrative center.
Stefanów, Tomaszów Mazowiecki County
Stefanów [stɛˈfanuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Rokiciny, within Tomaszów Mazowiecki County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) north of Rokiciny, 24 km (15 mi) north-west of Tomaszów Mazowiecki, and 27 km (17 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź.

Tomaszów County, Łódź Voivodeship
Tomaszów County (Polish: powiat tomaszowski) is a county in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Tomaszów Mazowiecki, which lies 49 kilometres (30 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź.

The county covers an area of 1,025.7 square kilometres (396.0 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 120,973, out of which the population of Tomaszów Mazowiecki is 66,705 and the rural population is 54,268.
Jeremiah French
Jeremiah French (July 8, 1743 – December 5, 1820) was a soldier, judge and political figure in Upper Canada.

He was born in Stratford, Connecticut in 1743, later settling at Manchester, Vermont. He served on the British side with General John Burgoyne during the American Revolution. After the war, he settled at Maple Grove in Upper Canada. He represented Stormont County in the 1st Parliament of Upper Canada. In 1792, he was appointed magistrate in the Eastern District. He donated the land for the original cemetery at Maple Grove; the cemetery was later relocated when the Saint Lawrence Seaway was built.

He died at Maple Grove in 1820.

His home at Maple Grove was moved to Upper Canada Village, where it is known as the Robertson House.

Stratford, Connecticut
Stratford is a town in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. It is situated on Long Island Sound at the mouth of the Housatonic River. The town is part of the Greater Bridgeport Planning Region, and the Bridgeport–Stamford–Norwalk Metropolitan Statistical Area. It was settled by Puritans in 1639.

The population was 52,355 as of the 2020 census. It is bordered on the west by Bridgeport, to the north by Trumbull and Shelton, and on the east by Milford (across the Housatonic River). Stratford has a historical legacy in aviation, the military, and theater.
Listed buildings in Eyton upon the Weald Moors
Eyton upon the Weald Moors is a civil parish in the district of Telford and Wrekin, Shropshire, England. It contains twelve listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England. Of these, one is at Grade II*, the middle of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade. The parish contains the village of Eyton upon the Weald Moors, and is otherwise entirely rural. The Shrewsbury Canal, now disused, was built through the parish and joined its Newport Branch at Wappenshall Junction. A number of structures associated with the canal are listed, including a roving bridge, two warehouses, a toll office, and a lock keeper's cottage. The other listed buildings are houses and cottages, a farmhouse, a barn, a church, and a country house.

Shrewsbury Canal
The Shrewsbury Canal (or Shrewsbury and Newport Canal) was a canal in Shropshire, England. Authorised in 1793, the main line from Trench to Shrewsbury was fully open by 1797, but it remained isolated from the rest of the canal network until 1835, when the Birmingham and Liverpool Junction Canal built the Newport Branch from Norbury Junction to a new junction with the Shrewsbury Canal at Wappenshall. After ownership passed to a series of railway companies, the canal was officially abandoned in 1944; many sections have disappeared, though some bridges and other structures can still be found. There is an active campaign to preserve the remnants of the canal and to restore the Norbury to Shrewsbury line to navigation.
Chlorine dioxide
Chlorine dioxide is a chemical compound with the formula ClO2 that exists as yellowish-green gas above 11 °C (52 °F), a reddish-brown liquid between 11 and −59 °C (52 and −74 °F), and as bright orange crystals below −59 °C (−74 °F). It is usually handled as an aqueous solution.  It is commonly used as a bleach. Applications are in food processing and as a disinfectant.

Gas
Gas is a state of matter with neither fixed volume nor fixed shape. It is a compressible form of fluid, in contrast to a liquid. A pure gas consists of individual atoms (e.g. a noble gas like neon), or molecules (e.g. oxygen (O2) or carbon dioxide). Pure gases can also be mixed together such as in the air. What distinguishes gases from liquids and solids is the vast separation of the individual gas particles. This separation can make some gases invisible to the human observer.

The gaseous state of matter occurs between the liquid and plasma states, the latter of which provides the upper-temperature boundary for gases. Bounding the lower end of the temperature scale lie degenerative quantum gases which are gaining increasing attention.
High-density atomic gases super-cooled to very low temperatures are classified by their statistical behavior as either Bose gases or Fermi gases. For a comprehensive listing of these exotic states of matter, see list of states of matter.
Benjamin Djulbegovic
Benjamin Djulbegovic is an American physician-scientist whose academic and research focus revolves around optimizing clinical research and the practice of medicine by comprehending the nature of medical evidence and decision-making. In his work, he has integrated concepts from evidence-based medicine (EBM), predictive analytics, health outcomes research, and the decision sciences.

Sorites paradox
The sorites paradox (/soʊˈraɪtiːz/), sometimes known as the paradox of the heap, is a paradox that results from vague predicates. A typical formulation involves a heap of sand, from which grains are removed individually. With the assumption that removing a single grain does not cause a heap not to be considered a heap anymore, the paradox is to consider what happens when the process is repeated enough times that only one grain remains and if it is still a heap. If not, then the question asks when it changed from a heap to a non-heap.
Kyeamba Shire
Kyeamba Shire was a local government area in the Riverina region of New South Wales, Australia.

Kyeamba Shire was proclaimed on 7 March 1906, one of 134 shires created after the passing of the Local Government (Shires) Act 1905.

The shire offices were in Wagga Wagga.  Other towns and villages in the shire included Book Book, Borambola, Gumly Gumly, Forest Hill, Humula, Ladysmith, Lake Albert, Pulletop, Mangoplah and Tarcutta.

In 1961 the population of Kyeamba Shire was 4841.

Kyeamba Shire was abolished on 1 January 1981 and, along with Mitchell Shire, its area was absorbed into the City of Wagga Wagga per the Local Government Areas Amalgamation Act 1980.

Local Government Areas Amalgamation Act 1980
The Local Government Areas Amalgamation Act 1980 (NSW) was an Act of the Parliament of New South Wales, which amended the Local Government Act 1919, with the purpose of amalgamating a series of local government areas in New South Wales. The amalgamations took effect from 1 January 1981.
Natascha McElhone
Natascha McElhone (/ˈmækəlˌhoʊn/ MACK-əl-HOHN), born Natascha Abigail Taylor on 14 December 1969, is an English actress and producer, who has worked extensively in film and television in both the United Kingdom and the United States. She is known to film audiences for her roles in Surviving Picasso (1996), Ronin (1998), The Truman Show (1998), Kenneth Branagh's Love's Labour's Lost (2000), Solaris (2002), and Carmen (2021).

She is known to television audiences for her roles as Karen on Californication (2007–14), First Lady Alex Kirkman on Designated Survivor (2016–17), Penelope Knatchbull, Lady Romsey on The Crown (2022), and Dr. Catherine Halsey on Halo (2022–24). She was the voice of Marie Belmont in the video game Castlevania: Lords of Shadow (2010) and its sequel Castlevania: Lords of Shadow 2 (2014).

McElhone is a Satellite Award, Saturn Award, and an Irish Film & Television Award nominee.

Satellite Awards
The Satellite Awards are annual awards given by the International Press Academy that are commonly noted in entertainment industry journals and blogs. The awards were originally known as the Golden Satellite Awards. The award ceremonies take place each year at the InterContinental Hotel in Century City, Los Angeles.
Joe Katchik
Joseph Katchik Jr. (January 9, 1931 – February 9, 2014) was an American professional football defensive tackle who played one season with the New York Titans of the American Football League (AFL). He was drafted by the Los Angeles Rams of the National Football League (NFL) in the tenth round of the 1954 NFL draft. Katchik was born at Plymouth, Pennsylvania, where he was educated in the public schools. From 1949 to 1950, he prepared for college at Wyoming Seminary in Kingston, Pennsylvania, after which he enrolled at the University of Notre Dame before transferring to Dickinson College.

Wyoming Seminary
Wyoming Seminary, founded in 1844, is a Methodist college preparatory school located in the Wyoming Valley of Northeastern Pennsylvania. The "Lower School," which consists of preschool to eighth-grade students, is located in Forty Fort. The "Upper School," comprising ninth-grade to postgraduate students, is located in Kingston. It is near the Susquehanna River and the city of Wilkes-Barre. Locally and in some publications, it is sometimes referred to as "Sem." As a boarding school, only Upper School students may board on campus. Slightly more than one-third of the Upper School student body resides on campus.
Bouquet graph
In mathematics, a bouquet graph , for an integer parameter , is an undirected graph with one vertex and  edges, all of which are self-loops. It is the graph-theoretic analogue of the topological rose, a space of  circles joined at a point. When the context of graph theory is clear, it can be called more simply a bouquet.

Although bouquets have a very simple structure as graphs, they are of some importance in topological graph theory because their graph embeddings can still be non-trivial. In particular, every cellularly embedded graph can be reduced to an embedded bouquet by a partial duality applied to the edges of any spanning tree of the graph, or alternatively by contracting the edges of any spanning tree.

In graph-theoretic approaches to group theory, every Cayley–Serre graph (a variant of Cayley graphs with doubled edges) can be represented as the covering graph of a bouquet.

Cayley graph
In mathematics, a Cayley graph, also known as a Cayley color graph, Cayley diagram, group diagram, or color group, is a graph that encodes the abstract structure of a group. Its definition is suggested by Cayley's theorem (named after Arthur Cayley), and uses a specified set of generators for the group. It is a central tool in combinatorial and geometric group theory. The structure and symmetry of Cayley graphs make them particularly good candidates for constructing expander graphs.
Members of the Regional Council of Veneto, 2005–2010
The VIII Legislature of the Regional Council of Veneto, the legislative assembly of Veneto, was inaugurated in April 2005, following the 2005 regional election, and ended in April 2010. Of the 60 members, 47 were elected in provincial constituencies with proportional representation with a further 12 returned from the so-called "regional list" of the elected President of Veneto, including the President himself, and the runner-up.

Marino Finozzi (Liga Veneta) was President of the Council for the entire term, while Giancarlo Galan (Forza Italia, later The People of Freedom) served as President of Veneto at the head of his third government.

Massimo Carraro
Massimo Carraro (born 8 March 1959 in Camposampiero) is an Italian university professor, entrepreneur and politician from Veneto.

From 1999 to 2004 he was a member of the European Parliament for the social-democratic Democrats of the Left, despite not being a member of the party. In the 2005 regional election Carraro was the choice of the centre-left for president, but he was defeated by Giancarlo Galan, who secured his third consecutive term at the head of Veneto. He left his seat in the Regional Council of Veneto and retired from politics in 2006.
Gwendolyn Kiste
Gwendolyn Kiste is a Pennsylvania-based horror and speculative fiction writer. She writes short stories and novels. She won the 2018 Bram Stoker Award for Best First Novel for The Rust Maidens, the 2024 Bram Stoker Award for Best Novel for The Haunting of Velkwood and the 2023 Lambda Literary Award for Bisexual Fiction for Reluctant Immortals.

Kiste was born in Massillon, Ohio and was raised in New Philadelphia, Ohio. She now lives outside Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. She is openly bisexual. She wrote for the Pittsburgh City Paper where she has been their theater reviewer. She also wrote plays for the Massillon Museum. Initially she worked as an independent filmmaker before deciding to work in print. Her work has been published in a number of horror and science fiction genre magazines including Interzone, Nightmare, LampLight, Shimmer Magazine and Daily Science Fiction. Her award-winning first novel has been translated into Spanish.

Massillon, Ohio
Massillon is a city in western Stark County, Ohio, United States, along the Tuscarawas River. The population was 32,146 at the 2020 census. Massillon is a principal city of the Canton–Massillon metropolitan area, which includes all of Stark and Carroll counties and had a population of 401,574 in 2020.

Massillon is located approximately 8 miles (13 km) west of Canton, 20 miles (32 km) south of Akron, and 50 miles (80 km) south of Cleveland.
Héctor Ruiz Martín
Héctor Ruiz Martín (Barcelona, 1980) is a Spanish researcher, university professor, and science communicator, specializing in cognitive and learning psychology and its application in educational contexts. He is known for his work in evidence-based pedagogy.

Psychology of learning
The psychology of learning refers to theories and research on how individuals learn. There are many theories of learning. Some take on a more constructive approach which focuses on inputs and reinforcements. Other approaches, such as neuroscience and social cognition, focus more on how the brain's organization and structure influence learning. Some psychological approaches, such as social behaviorism, focus more on one's interaction with the environment and with others. Other theories, such as those related to motivation, like the growth mindset, focus more on individuals' perceptions of ability.

Extensive research has looked at how individuals learn, both inside and outside the classroom.
Cecil Township, Pennsylvania
Cecil Township is a township in Washington County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is a suburb in the Pittsburgh metropolitan area. The population was 14,609 at the 2020 census. The township contains the Southpointe suburban business park; companies based there include Ansys, Consol Energy, Millcraft Industries and Mylan. Cecil Township is served by the Canon-McMillan School District.

Greater Pittsburgh
Greater Pittsburgh is the metropolitan area surrounding the city of Pittsburgh in Western Pennsylvania, United States. The region includes Allegheny County,  Pittsburgh's urban core county and economic hub, and seven adjacent Pennsylvania counties: Armstrong, Beaver, Butler, Fayette, Lawrence, Washington, and Westmoreland in Western Pennsylvania, which constitutes the Pittsburgh, PA Metropolitan Statistical Area MSA as defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget.

As of the 2020 census, the Greater Pittsburgh region had a population of over 2.45 million people. Pittsburgh, the region's core city, has a population of 302,971, the second-largest in the state after Philadelphia. Over half of the region's population resides within Allegheny County, which has a population of 1.24 million and is the state's second-largest county after Philadelphia County.
Vertyagino
Vertyagino (Russian: Вертягино) is a rural locality (a village) in Krasnoplamenskoye Rural Settlement, Alexandrovsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 1 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

Vladimir Oblast
Vladimir Oblast (Russian: Влади́мирская о́бласть, romanized: Vladimirskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Vladimir, which is located 190 kilometers (120 mi) east of Moscow. As of the 2010 Census, the oblast's population was 1,443,693.

The UNESCO World Heritage List includes the 12th-century cathedrals of Vladimir, Suzdal, Bogolyubovo, and Kideksha.
2023 Trophée Clarins
The 2023 Trophée Clarins was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 2nd edition of the tournament and part of the 2023 WTA 125 tournaments, offering a total of $115,000 in prize money. It took place in the middle of Bois de Boulogne in Paris, France between 15 and 21 May 2023.

Fiona Ferro
Fiona Ferro (born 12 March 1997) is a French-Belgian professional tennis player.
She has career-high WTA rankings of world No. 39 in singles, attained on 8 March 2021, and No. 257 in doubles, reached on 17 May 2021. Ferro has won two singles titles on the WTA Tour and six singles titles on the ITF Circuit.
William MacLeod (priest)
Christianity portal

William Arthur MacLeod was an Anglican priest in the first half of the 20th century. He was born in Duns in 1867 and educated at Loretto School and Selwyn College, Cambridge. He was ordained in 1892 and was initially a Curate at Christ Church, Greenwich. He then held similar posts at Addington and Godalming. He was British Chaplain in St Petersburg from 1900 to 1908 and then Vicar of All Saints, South Acton until 1919 (including a spell as a Chaplain to the British Armed Forces during World War I) . He was Vicar of Wakefield from 1919 until his death; and when that church became a cathedral, its first Provost.

Wakefield Cathedral
Wakefield Cathedral, or the Cathedral Church of All Saints in Wakefield, West Yorkshire, England, is a co-equal Anglican cathedral with Bradford and Ripon Cathedrals, in the Diocese of Leeds and a seat of the Bishop of Leeds. Originally the parish church, it has Anglo Saxon origins and, after enlargement and rebuilding, has the tallest spire in Yorkshire. Its 247-foot (75 m) spire is the tallest structure in the City of Wakefield. The cathedral was designated a Grade I listed building on 14 July 1953.
Exposure factor
Exposure factor (EF), in risk management,

is the subjective, potential percentage of loss to a specific asset if a specific threat is realized. 
It is usually applied in IT risk assessment, but may be applied to quantifying business risk more generally.

Per formula:

The exposure factor is usually a subjective value that the person assessing risk must define. It is represented in the impact of the risk over the asset, or percentage of asset lost. As an example, if the asset value is reduced two thirds, the exposure factor value is 0.66. If the asset is completely lost, the exposure factor is 1.0.

Risk
Risk is the possibility of something bad happening, comprising a level of uncertainty about the effects and implications of an activity, particularly negative and undesirable consequences.

Risk theory, assessment, and management are applied but substantially differ in different practice areas, such as business, economics, environment, finance, information technology, health, insurance, safety, security, and privacy. The international standard for risk management, ISO 31000, provides general guidelines and principles on managing risks faced by organizations.