hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chicago Public Schools boycott
The Chicago Public Schools boycott, also known as Freedom Day, was a mass boycott and demonstration against the segregationist policies of the Chicago Public Schools (CPS) on October 22, 1963. More than 200,000 students stayed out of school, and tens of thousands of Chicagoans joined in a protest that culminated in a march to the office of the Chicago Board of Education. The protest preceded the larger New York City public school boycott, also known as Freedom Day.

Chicago Board of Education
The Chicago Board of Education serves as the board of education (school board) for the Chicago Public Schools.

The board traces its origins to the Board of School Inspectors, created in 1837.

The board is currently made up of 11 members appointed by the mayor of Chicago and 10 members elected during the 2024 Chicago Board of Education election. By 2027, the board is slated to transition to consist entirely of elected members.
Garland, Missouri
Garland (also known as Harvey) is an unincorporated community in Henry County, in the U.S. state of Missouri. The community is on an abandoned railroad line in an old coal mining area, approximately six miles northwest of Clinton, just east of Missouri Route O.

Missouri supplemental route
A supplemental route is a state secondary road in the U.S. state of Missouri, designated with letters. Supplemental routes were various roads within the state which the Missouri Department of Transportation was given in 1952 to maintain in addition to the regular routes, though lettered routes had been in use from at least 1932. The four types of roads designated as Routes are:

Farm to market roads

Roads to state parks

Former alignments of U.S. or state highways

Short routes connecting state highways from other states to routes in Missouri

Supplemental routes make up 19,064 miles (30,681 km) (59%) of the state highway system.
Chen Mingshu
Chen Mingshu (simplified Chinese: 陈铭枢; traditional Chinese: 陳銘樞; 4 December 1889 – 15 May 1965) was a Chinese general and politician. A Hakka from Hepu, Guangxi, he graduated from Baoding Military Academy and participated in the Northern Expedition. He was briefly premier after Chiang Kai-shek stepped down in December 1931. In 1932, he took part in the January 28 incident, defending the city against the Empire of Japan.

He was a member of Social Democratic Party of China.

He was one of the principal leaders of the Fujian Rebellion and the Productive People's Party (General Secretary), the failure of which forced him into exile in Hong Kong. In 1948, he joined the Revolutionary Committee of the Kuomintang's central standing committee. After the People's Republic of China was founded, he sat on the standing committees of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and the National People's Congress. During  the Anti-Rightist Movement, he was determined to be a "rightist".

Baoding Military Academy
Baoding Military Academy or Paoting Military Academy (Chinese: 保定軍校; pinyin: Bǎodìng Jūnxiào; Wade–Giles: Pao-ting Chün-hsiao) was a military academy based in Baoding, during the late Qing dynasty and early Republic of China, in the first two decades of the 20th century.  For a time, it was the most important military academy in China, and its cadets played prominent roles in the political and military history of the Republic of China. The Baoding Military Academy closed in 1923, but served as a model for the Whampoa Military Academy, which was founded in Guangzhou in 1924. It, along with the Yunnan Military Academy and the Whampoa Military Academy, was one of the "three major strategist cradles in modern China". During the Second Sino-Japanese War, half of 300 divisions in China's armed forces were commanded by Whampoa graduates and one-third were Baoding cadets.
Copthorne Preparatory School
Copthorne Preparatory School is an independent preparatory school for children aged between two and thirteen near Copthorne in West Sussex, but just over the county boundary in Surrey.

The school is owned by an educational trust. It has a nursery school for infants from the age of 2½, a junior department for children under the age of eight (from Reception to Year 2), and a main school for those aged eight to thirteen.

Copthorne, West Sussex
Copthorne is a village in the Mid Sussex district of West Sussex, England. It lies close to Gatwick Airport, 25.5 miles (41 km) south of London, 21.5 miles (35 km) north of Brighton, and 36 miles (58 km) northeast of the county town of Chichester. Nearby towns include Crawley to the southwest and East Grinstead to the east. It is the most northerly ecclesiastical parish in the Diocese of Chichester in the Church of England, and together with Crawley Down makes up the civil parish of Worth.
John de Graham (died 1337)
Sir John de Graham of Dalkeith, Abercorn & Eskdale (1278–1337) was a 13th-14th century Scottish noble.

John, born in 1278, was the son of Nicholas de Graham of Dalkeith and Abercorn and Mary de Strathearn.

He fought at the Battle of Bannockburn against the English on 23–24 June 1314 and as a result had his Northumberland estates confiscated. King Edward II of England denounced John as an enemy and rebel, and granted his Scottish lands to Hugh le Despenser. He signed the Declaration of Arbroath in 1320.

John died on 25 April 1337.

Abercorn
Abercorn (Gaelic: Obar Chùirnidh, Old English: Æbbercurnig) is a village and civil parish in West Lothian, Scotland. Close to the south coast of the Firth of Forth, the village is around 5 km (3.1 mi) west of South Queensferry. The parish had a population of 458 at the 2011 Census.
Mud dauber
Mud dauber (or dirt dauber or "mud wasp") is a name commonly applied to a number of wasps from either the family Sphecidae or Crabronidae which build their nests from mud; this excludes members of the family Vespidae (especially the subfamily Eumeninae), which are instead referred to as "potter wasps". Mud daubers are variable in appearance. Most are long, slender wasps about 1 inch (25 mm) in length. The name refers to the nests that are made by the female wasps, which consist of mud molded into place by the wasp's mandibles. Mud daubers are not normally aggressive, but can become belligerent when threatened. Stings are uncommon.

Mandible (insect mouthpart)
Insect mandibles are a pair of appendages near the insect's mouth, and the most anterior of the three pairs of oral appendages (the labrum is more anterior, but is a single fused structure). Their function is typically to grasp, crush, or cut the insect's food, or to defend against predators or rivals. Insect mandibles, which appear to be evolutionarily derived from legs, move in the horizontal plane unlike those of vertebrates, which appear to be derived from gill arches and move vertically.
HMS Venus
Five ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Venus, after Venus, the goddess of love in Roman mythology:

HMS Venus (1758) was a 36-gun fifth-rate Venus-class frigate launched in 1758. She was reduced to 32 guns in 1792 and renamed HMS Heroine in 1809. She was sold in 1828.

HMS Venus (1807) was a 36-gun fifth rate of the same name captured from the Danes in 1807. She was sold in 1815.

HMS Venus (1820) was a 46-gun fifth rate launched in 1820. She was lent to the Marine Society between 1848 and 1862 as a training ship and was sold in 1864.

HMS Venus (1895) was an Eclipse-class protected cruiser launched in 1895 and sold in 1921.

HMS Venus (R50) was a V-class destroyer launched in 1943. She was converted into a Type 15 frigate between 1951 and 1952, and was sold in 1972.

Protected cruiser
Protected cruisers, a type of cruiser of the late 19th century, took their name from the armored deck, which protected vital machine-spaces from fragments released by explosive shells. Protected cruisers notably lacked a belt of armour along the sides, in contrast to armored cruisers which carried both deck and belt armour.

Outside of a handful of very large designs in the major navies (which preceded the revival of armored cruisers), the majority of protected cruisers were of 'second-' or 'third-class' types, lighter in displacement and mounting fewer and/or lighter guns than armored cruisers.

By the early 20th-century, with the advent of increasingly lighter yet stronger armour, even smaller vessels could afford some level of both belt and deck armour. In the place of protected cruisers, these new 'light armored cruisers' would evolve into light cruisers and heavy cruisers, the former especially taking on many of the roles originally envisioned for protected cruisers.
Affordable Space Adventures
Affordable Space Adventures is a puzzle adventure game developed and published by NapNok Games in collaboration with Nifflas' Games.  The game was released for the Wii U via the Nintendo eShop download service on April 9, 2015. The game's main gameplay feature is its unique use of the Wii U GamePad to control a spaceship by using the controls shown on the touch-screen including two different engines and other controls.

Nintendo eShop
The Nintendo eShop is a digital distribution service for the Nintendo Switch and the Nintendo Switch 2, and formerly available via the Nintendo Network for the 
Nintendo 3DS and Wii U. Launched in June 2011 on the Nintendo 3DS, the Nintendo eShop served as the successor to both the Wii Shop Channel and DSi Shop. It is also a multitasking application, which means it is easily accessible even when a game is already running in the background through the system software. The Nintendo eShop features downloadable games, demos, applications, streaming videos, consumer rating feedback, and other information on upcoming game releases. The service was discontinued globally for the Nintendo 3DS and Wii U in March 2023, continuing only on the Switch and Switch 2.
Achyutananda (inventor)
Achyutananda (Nepali:अच्युतानन्द) was a Nepali inventor. He was born in Gorkha in 1851. His family name is Lamichhane. It is believed that he made some kind of flying device that could fly for a distance of about 200 m in the test flight. The claim however is disputed. He was banned from conducting his works by the Rana regime and sent to Benaras.

He also created a steam powered bamboo cart based on his experience of trains in India during the British Raj. It took him 20 years to do it.

Rana dynasty
The Rana dynasty (Nepali: राणा वंश, romanized: Rāṇā vaṃśa, Sanskrit: [raːɳaː ʋɐ̃ɕɐ], Nepali: [raɳa bʌŋsʌ]) was a Chhetri dynasty that imposed authoritarianism in the Kingdom of Nepal from 1846 until 1951, reducing the Shah monarch to a figurehead, and making the Prime Minister and other government positions held by the Ranas hereditary. The Rana dynasty is historically known for their iron-fisted rule in Nepal. This changed after the Revolution of 1951 with the promulgation of a new constitution, when power shifted back to the monarchy of King Tribhuvan.

The Rana dynasty were descended from the Kunwar family, a nobility of the Gorkha Kingdom. Due to their marital lineages with the politically reigning Thapa dynasty (of Mukhtiyar Bhimsen Thapa) from the early 19th century, the Ranas gained entry to central Darbar politics. The Ranas were also linked to a minor faction of the Pande dynasty of Gorkha through the Thapa dynasty.
Dick Crum (American football)
Dick Crum (born April 29, 1934) is an American former football player and coach. He served as head football coach at Miami University from 1974 to 1977, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill from 1978 to 1987, and Kent State University from 1988 to 1990, compiling a career college football head coaching record of 113–77–4. Crum is a 1957 graduate of Mount Union College in Alliance, Ohio and received a master's degree from Case Western Reserve University.

Alliance, Ohio
Alliance is a city in Stark County, Ohio, United States. The population was 21,672 at the 2020 census. It was established in 1854 by the merger of three smaller communities and was a manufacturing and railroad hub in the 20th century. Alliance is associated with the state flower of Ohio, the scarlet carnation, and is known as the "Carnation City". The University of Mount Union, a private liberal arts college established in 1846, is located in the city. Partially extending into Mahoning County, Alliance is part of the Canton–Massillon metropolitan area.
1971 Porirua mayoral election
The 1971 Porirua mayoral election was part of the New Zealand local elections held that same year. The elections were held for the role of Mayor of Porirua plus other local government positions including twelve city councillors, also elected triennially. The polling was conducted using the standard first-past-the-post electoral method.

Mayor of Porirua
The mayor of Porirua is the head of the municipal government of Porirua, New Zealand, and presides over the Porirua City Council. The mayor is directly elected using the single transferable vote electoral system. There have been six mayors since the establishment of the borough council in 1962: the current mayor is Anita Baker, who was elected in October 2019.
SSD Barletta 1922
S.S.D. Barletta 1922 is an Italian association football club located in Barletta, Apulia. Currently it plays in Eccellenza Apulia.

Barletta was played in the professional league as Società Sportiva Barletta Calcio. In 2015, the club went bankrupt, and a new phoenix club, A.S.D. Barletta 1922, was admitted to the 2015–16 Eccellenza on 6 August.

Eccellenza Apulia
Eccellenza Apulia (Italian: Eccellenza Puglia) is the regional Eccellenza football division for clubs in the Southern Italian region of Apulia, Italy. It is competed among 20 teams, in one group. The winner of the group is promoted to Serie D. The club who win play-off also have the chance to gain promotion, they are entered into a national play-off which consists of two rounds.
Tuek Chhu Falls
Tuek Chhu Falls is a waterfall in Kampot Province, Cambodia. It is located about 5 miles (8.0 km)  north-west of Kampot. It is noted for its bamboo platforms in which families sit to view the Kampot River. Tek Chhouu Zoo lies in the vicinity.

Kampot province
Kampot (Khmer: កំពត [kɑmpɔːt], lit. 'The Kampot's Fish') is a province in southwestern Cambodia. It borders the provinces of Kampong Speu to the north, Takéo to the east, Kep and the country of Vietnam (Kiên Giang) or Kampuchea Krom (Peam) to the south, and Preah Shianouk to the west. To its south it has a coastline of around 45 km on the Gulf of Thailand. It is rich in low arable lands and has abundant natural resources. Its capital is the city of Kampot.

Kampot Province had a population of 627,884 in 2010 and consists of eight districts divided into 92 communes with a total of 477 villages. Kampot is located in the province.
Entoloma murrayi
Entoloma murrayi, commonly known as the yellow unicorn Entoloma or the unicorn pinkgill, is a species of fungus in the Entolomataceae family. It was first described from New England in 1859.

The fungus produces yellow mushrooms that have a characteristic sharp umbo on the top of a conical cap. Other similar species can be distinguished from E. murrayi by differences in color, morphology, or microscopic characteristics. The species is found throughout the Americas and in southeast Asia, growing on the ground in wet coniferous and deciduous forests. The mushroom is inedible and may be poisonous.

Entolomataceae
The Entolomataceae are a family of fungi in the order Agaricales. The family contains eight genera and 2250 species, the majority of which are in Entoloma. Basidiocarps (fruit bodies) are typically agaricoid (mushrooms with gills), but a minority are cyphelloid. secotioid, or gasteroid. All produce pink basidiospores that are variously angular (polyhedral), ridged, or nodulose. Species are mostly saprotrophic, though a few are parasitic on other fungi. The family occurs worldwide.
Pat Bastien
Pat Bastien (born June 5, 1991) is an American football coach and former player who is currently the defensive backs coach at Northwestern State. He has worked as assistant coach at both the college and professional level since 2014.

Marshall Thundering Herd football
The Marshall Thundering Herd football team is an intercollegiate varsity sports program of Marshall University. The team represents the university as a member of the Sun Belt Conference East Division of the National Collegiate Athletic Association, playing at the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision level.

Marshall plays at Joan C. Edwards Stadium, which seats 38,227 and is expandable to 55,000. At the end of the 2024 football season, Marshall had a 192–45 record at Joan C. Edwards Stadium for a winning percentage of .810. The stadium opened in 1991 as Marshall University Stadium with a crowd of 33,116 for a 24–23 win over New Hampshire. On September 10, 2010, Marshall played the in-state rival West Virginia Mountaineers in Huntington in front of a record crowd of 41,382. Joan C. Edwards Stadium is one of two Division I stadiums named for a woman. The playing field is named James F. Edwards Field after Joan Edwards' husband, who was a businessman and philanthropist.
Open Hand Chicago
Open Hand Chicago was originally founded in 1988. It was co-founded by Chicago AIDS activists including Lori Cannon, James Cappleman, Greg Harris, and Tom Tunney. Using San Francisco's Project Open Hand as a model, Open Hand Chicago delivered 41,476 meals in its first year.

Open Hand Chicago began as a food delivery service for people with HIV/AIDS. It expanded into a food pantry. In 2011 it became part of Heartland Alliance and then became Vital Bridges Food Program as part of the consolidation of Chicago Community Response, Open Hand Chicago, and The HIV Coalition.

In 1994 Open Hand Chicago was inducted into the Chicago LGBT Hall of Fame.

James Cappleman
James Cappleman (born October 26, 1952) is an American politician and a former member of the Chicago City Council. He was elected to the Council in 2011 as the alderman for the city's 46th ward, which includes parts of the Uptown and Lakeview neighborhoods. He won re-election in 2015 and 2019.
Measurable Riemann mapping theorem
In mathematics, the measurable Riemann mapping theorem is a theorem proved in 1960 by Lars Ahlfors and Lipman Bers in complex analysis and geometric function theory. Contrary to its name, it is not a direct generalization of the Riemann mapping theorem, but instead a result concerning quasiconformal mappings and solutions of the Beltrami equation. The result was prefigured by earlier results of Charles Morrey from 1938 on quasi-linear elliptic partial differential equations.

Lipman Bers
Lipman Bers (Latvian: Lipmans Berss; May 22, 1914 – October 29, 1993) was a Latvian-American mathematician, born in Riga, who created the theory of pseudoanalytic functions and worked on Riemann surfaces and Kleinian groups. He was also known for his work in human rights activism.
Lennuk (Triik)
Lennuk is a painting by Nikolai Triik of 1910,  depicting Lennuk, the ship of Kalevipoeg, son of Kaleva, from the Estonian national epic Kalevipoeg.

The work measures 73.8 cm by 137 cm and is painted in tempera and pastel on paper.

It is part of the collection of the Art Museum of Estonia and is exhibited in the Kumu Art Museum in Tallinn.

Tempera
Tempera (Italian: [ˈtɛmpera]) is a permanent, fast-drying painting medium consisting of pigments mixed with a water-soluble binder medium, usually glutinous material such as egg yolk. There are several types of tempera paint, but the one containing egg yolk is called egg tempera. Tempera paint made from the milk protein is Casein paint. If the binder is synthetic PVA, the result is polyvinyl acetate tempera. A distemper paint consisting of pigment and binders such as cornstarch, gum arabic and other gums is called poster paint in certain parts of the world, and it is also often confusingly referred to as "tempera paint", although the binders in this paint are different from traditional egg tempera paints and the visual effect is more like gouache.

The term Tempera also refers to the paintings done in any kind of these tempera mediums.
Safita District
Safita District (Arabic: منطقة صافيتا, romanized: manṭiqat Ṣāfītā) is a district of the Tartus Governorate in northwestern Syria. Administrative centre is the city of Safita. At the 2004 census, the district had a population of 129,632.

Mintaqah
Minṭaqah (Arabic: مِنْطَقَة [ˈmintˤaqah]; plural مَنَاطِق manāṭiq [maˈnaːtˤiq]) is a term used for a first-level administrative division in Saudi Arabia and Chad and for a second-level administrative division in several other Arab countries. It is often translated as region or district, but the literal meaning is "region", "area", or even simply "place".
OpenAtom Foundation
OpenAtom Foundation (Chinese: 开放原子开源基金会), is the first foundation for open-source software in China. It was established in June 2020 with the support of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and initiated jointly by Alibaba, Baidu, Huawei, Inspur, Qihoo 360, Tencent, China Merchants Bank and other companies for operation and marketing services of open source projects.

Ministry of Industry and Information Technology
The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) is the sixth-ranked executive department of the State Council of the People's Republic of China. It is responsible for regulation and development of the postal service, Internet, wireless, broadcasting, communications, production of electronic and information goods, software industry and the promotion of the national knowledge economy.
Mill Hollow
Mill Hollow is a valley in northern Douglas County the Ozarks of southern Missouri.

The headwaters of the stream that occupies the hollow are at 37°01′28″N 92°38′26″W﻿ / ﻿37.02444°N 92.64056°W﻿ / 37.02444; -92.64056 and the confluence with Bryant Creek is at 37°02′06″N 92°36′33″W﻿ / ﻿37.03500°N 92.60917°W﻿ / 37.03500; -92.60917. The stream in the valley is fed by a perennial spring with its source near the upper reaches of the valley.  Missouri Route 5 runs parallel to the valley on the southeast side. The valley is the location of Ava Roadside Park which lies adjacent to Route 5 five miles north of Ava.

Mill Hollow was named for a mill which once stood in the valley in the 1830s.

Ava, Missouri
Ava is a city in and the county seat of Douglas County, Missouri, United States, that is the only incorporated city in the county. The population was 2,894 at the 2020 census.  The city was founded in 1871. It was renamed Ava in 1881, the town's original name having been Militia Springs.
Thalassia testudinum
Thalassia testudinum, commonly known as turtlegrass, is a species of marine seagrass in the family Hydrocharitaceae. It forms meadows in shallow, sandy water in locations in the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico. Turtle grass and other seagrasses form meadows which are important habitats and feeding grounds. The grass is eaten by turtles and herbivorous fish, supports many epiphytes, and provides habitat for juvenile fish and many invertebrate taxa.

Amphipoda
Amphipoda (/æmˈfɪpədə/) is an order of malacostracan crustaceans with no carapace and generally with laterally compressed bodies. Amphipods (/ˈæmfɪpɒdz/) range in size from 1 to 340 millimetres (0.039 to 13 in) and are mostly detritivores or scavengers. More than 10,700 amphipod species are currently recognized. They are mostly marine animals but are found in almost all aquatic environments. Some 2,250 species live in fresh water, and the order also includes the terrestrial sandhoppers, such as Talitrus saltator and Arcitalitrus sylvaticus.