hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wealth Transfer Group
The Wealth Transfer Group is a consulting firm that provides estate planning services.  They serve only clients with estates worth more than US$10,000,000.

In 2006, the Wealth Transfer Group sued former Aetna CEO John Rowe for infringement of a tax patent.  The patent, U.S. patent 6,567,790, entitled "Establishing and managing grantor retained annuity trusts funded by nonqualified stock options", covers WTG's SOGRAT (Stock Option Grantor Retained Annuity Trust) system of minimizing gift tax. The case has been settled for undisclosed terms.

The SOGRAT case is often cited both by those that favor tax patents as well as those that seek to have them banned.

On January 12, 2011, the director of the USPTO initiated a reexamination of US patent 6,567,790.  The reexamination serial number is 90/009,868.

Reexamination
In United States patent law, a reexamination is a process whereby anyone—third party or inventor—can have a U.S.  patent reexamined by a patent examiner to verify that the subject matter it claims is patentable.  To have a patent reexamined, an interested party must submit prior art, in the form of patents or printed publications, that raises a "substantial new question of patentability".  The Leahy-Smith America Invents Act makes substantial changes to the U.S. patent system, including new mechanisms for challenging patents at the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.  One of the new mechanisms is a post-grant review proceeding, which will provide patent challengers expanded bases on which to attack patents.
Daugård
Daugård is a town, with a population of 1,121 (1 January 2025), in Hedensted Municipality, Central Denmark Region in Denmark. It is situated north of Vejle Fjord 4 km south of Hedensted and 11 km east of Vejle.

Daugård Church and the small manor of Williamsborg are located on the eastern outskirts of the town.

Central Denmark Region
The Central Denmark Region (Danish: Region Midtjylland), or more directly translated as the Central Jutland Region and sometimes simply Mid-Jutland, is an administrative region of Denmark established on 1 January 2007 as part of the 2007 Danish municipal reform. The reform abolished the traditional counties (amter) and replaced them with five new administrative regions. At the same time, smaller municipalities were merged into larger units, cutting the total number of municipalities from 271 to 98. The reform diminished the power of the regional level dramatically in favour of the local level and the national government in Copenhagen. The Central Denmark Region comprises 19 municipalities.
Chick Donohue
John "Chickie" Donohue (born 1941) is an American former United States Marine, merchant seaman, and trade unionist. He is best known for his 1968 journey through Vietnam where he delivered beer to several United States service members during the height of the Vietnam War.

Military personnel
Military personnel or military service members are members of the state's armed forces. Their roles, pay, and obligations differ according to their military branch (army, navy, marines, coast guard, air force, and space force), rank (officer, non-commissioned officer, or enlisted recruit), and their military task when deployed on operations and on exercise.
Alston Block
The Alston Block is a term used by geologists to describe the geological structure of the North Pennines of northern England and which forms a part of the Pennine Block & Basin Province which originated during the Carboniferous period. It is defined by the Stublick and Ninety Fathom faults to the north, the Pennine Fault to the west and the Stainmore Trough to the south. It is in essence a horst underlain by the Weardale Granite which provides sufficient buoyancy to maintain this piece of the upper crust as an area of raised relief. To its west lies the Vale of Eden and to its north is the half-graben of the Northumberland Trough.
The area is also known for its mineral wealth.

Crust (geology)
In geology, the crust is the outermost solid shell of a planet, dwarf planet, or natural satellite. It is usually distinguished from the underlying mantle by its chemical makeup; however, in the case of icy satellites, it may be defined based on its phase (solid crust vs. liquid mantle).

The crusts of Earth, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Io, the Moon and other planetary bodies formed via igneous processes and were later modified by erosion, impact cratering, volcanism, and sedimentation.

Most terrestrial planets have fairly uniform crusts. Earth, however, has two distinct types: continental crust and oceanic crust. These two types have different chemical compositions and physical properties and were formed by different geological processes.
1998 NASCAR Goody's Dash Series
The 1998 NASCAR Goody's Dash Series was the 24th season of the NASCAR Goody's Dash Series. It began at Daytona International Speedway on February 12 and concluded at Homestead-Miami Speedway on November 15. Mike Swaim Jr. entered the season as the defending Drivers' Champion, Robert Huffman won his second championship, 399 points in front of David Hutto.

Mike Swaim Jr.
Mike Swaim Jr. (born June 16, 1976) is an American former NASCAR driver. He made a few starts in the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series and NASCAR Busch Grand National Series, but found most of his success in the NASCAR Goody's Dash Series, winning 12 races in his career and the 1997 championship driving for Falcon Racing.  He made his first career Busch series start for Innovative Motorsports after Andy Santerre broke his leg in a wreck in the season opening race at Daytona International Speedway.

Swaim is the son of former racing driver Mike Swaim, who also competed in NASCAR.
McConkie Tauasa
McConkie Tauasa is a former Samoa international rugby league footballer who played as a centre or on the wing.

He played for the Windsor Wolves in the New South Wales Cup and was contracted to the Penrith Panthers in the NRL.

Windsor Wolves
The Windsor Wolves are a rugby league team based in the town of Windsor, New South Wales.  The club fields both junior and senior teams in the Penrith District Rugby League competitions. The club has fielded teams in semi-professional, New South Wales Rugby League competitions. In March 2020 the club re-entered the third-tier Ron Massey Cup and fourth-tier Sydney Shield competitions. These competitions were cancelled after one round of matches due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia. When the Sydney Shield was reorganised for a restart in July 2020, Windsor did not participate.
Port Erin Lifeboat Station
Port Erin Lifeboat Station is located on Breakwater Road in Port Erin, a town 13.5 miles (21.7 km) south-west of Douglas, on the south-west coast of the Isle of Man, a British Crown Dependency.

Following requests from local residents, a lifeboat station was established at Port Erin by the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) in 1883.

The station currently operates the B-class (Atlantic 85) Inshore lifeboat, Neil Crowe (B-951), funded by the Gough Ritchie Trust, on station since 2025.

Lifeboat (rescue)
A rescue lifeboat is a boat rescue craft which is used to attend a vessel in distress, or its survivors, to rescue crew and passengers. It can be hand pulled, sail powered or powered by an engine. Lifeboats may be rigid, inflatable or rigid-inflatable combination-hulled vessels.
Niso Fumagalli Rose Garden
Niso Fumagalli Rose Garden, in Italian: Roseto Niso Fumagalli, is a public garden in Monza, Italy, located within the complex of the Palace of Monza, in front of the Orangerie. The garden was established in 1964. Over 4000 varieties of roses are grown there, many of them gifts from countries around the world. On 21 May 2004, on the occasion of the 40th edition of the International Competitions for New Roses in Monza, the Monza Rose Garden was awarded by the then Vice President for Europe of the World Federation of Rose Societies, Maurice Jay, of the highly coveted "Award of Garden Excellence".
The rose garden also has an experimental section where new varieties of roses are tested for their suitability for public and private gardens in Italy.

World Federation of Rose Societies
The World Federation of Rose Societies (WFRS) is an umbrella association of (as of 2015) 39-member countries' national rose societies.

Although founded in 1968 in London by 8 constituent countries' rose societies, the WFRS did not have a first meeting until 1971, held in New Zealand.

The WFRS maintains or oversees: a Rose Hall of Fame as well as an Old Rose Hall of Fame (an entry in which has been characterised as an honour "as coveted as Michelin's four stars" for rose aficionados); a World Rose directory; a Rose Locator Database targeting the location of rose cultivars; a Breeder's Club; a "garden of excellence" award; the selection of "world's favourite rose" by vote of delegates of its member-countries; a World Rose Show held every three years; and collects world news on the subject of roses. It also publishes an annual Rose Directory and a bi-annual World Rose News bulletin.
Gaming house
A gaming house is a co-operative living arrangement where several players of video games, usually professional esports players, live in the same residence. Professional gaming houses began in South Korea for professional StarCraft players.

It also refers to gambling establishments.

Dwelling
In law, a dwelling (also known as a residence, abode or domicile) is a self-contained unit of accommodation – such as a house, apartment, mobile home, houseboat, recreational vehicle, or other "substantial" structure – used as a home by one or more households. The concept of a dwelling has significance in relation to search and seizure, conveyancing of real property, burglary, trespass, and land-use planning.
Mobile enterprise application platform
A mobile enterprise application platform (MEAP) is a type of mobile application development platform (MADP) that provides a suite of tools, including frameworks, services, and toolkits, to assist in the development of mobile enterprise applications. MEAP platforms enable organizations and businesses to develop, test, and deploy applications using standardization and protocols.

A MEAP/MADP ideally includes tools for testing, debugging, and maintaining existing applications, as well as API calls for back-end databases and middleware for linting, parsing, and compiling. The term "Mobile Enterprise Application Platform" originated from a Gartner Magic Quadrant report in 2008, previously referred to as the "Multichannel Access Gateway Market." Gartner renamed the market to reflect its maturation and the mainstream adoption of mobile tools and platforms.

Back-end database
A back-end database is a database that is accessed by users indirectly through an external application rather than by application programming stored within the database itself or by low level manipulation of the data (e.g. through SQL commands).

A back-end database stores data but does not include end-user application elements such as stored queries, forms, macros or reports.

The back-end database concept was invented by Microsoft in 1989.
Cowhorn Creek
Cowhorn Creek is a creek in Bowie County, Texas. The creek rises in northeastern Texarkana and flows south, under several major highways including U.S. Route 82 and U.S. Route 67 before meeting Wagner Creek to the south of the city.

U.S. Route 82
U.S. Route 82 (US 82) is an east–west United States highway in the Southern United States. Created on July 1, 1931 across central Mississippi and southern Arkansas, US 82 eventually became a 1,625-mile-long (2,615 km) route extending from the White Sands of New Mexico to Georgia's Atlantic coast.

The highway's eastern terminus is in Brunswick, Georgia, at an interchange with Interstate 95.  It is co-signed for its last 1⁄2 mile (800 m)  with U.S. Route 17.  Its western terminus is in Alamogordo, New Mexico at an intersection with U.S. Route 54 and U.S. Route 70.
Candelária (Madalena)
Candelária is a civil parish located on the western coast of the island of Pico, in the municipality of Madalena in the Azores. The population in 2011 was 822, in an area of 29.70 km2. It contains the localities Biscoitos, Campo Raso, Candelária, Canada das Adegas, Canada Negra, Canto, Eira, Fogos, Guindaste, Mirateca, Monte, Pedras, Pocinho, Porto de Ana Clara, Porto do Calhau and São Nuno.

Pico Island
Pico Island (Ilha do Pico, Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈiʎɐ ðu ˈpiku]) is an island in the Central Group of the Portuguese Azores. The landscape features an eponymous volcano, Ponta do Pico, which is the highest mountain in Portugal, the Azores, and the highest elevation of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. In the tradition of the Portuguese poet, Raul Brandão, Pico is referred to as the Ilha Preta ("Black Island"), for its black volcanic soils, which nourish its UNESCO-designated vineyards that once allowed the development of the island's economy. Pico is the second largest and, geologically speaking, the most recently formed island of the Azores, being around 300,000 years old.
Bells Are Ringing (film)
Bells Are Ringing is a 1960 American romantic comedy-musical film directed by Vincente Minnelli and starring Judy Holliday and Dean Martin. Based on the successful 1956 Broadway production of the same name by Betty Comden, Adolph Green and Jule Styne, the film focuses on Ella Peterson, based on the life of Mary Printz, who works in the basement office of a telephone answering service.

Betty Comden
Betty Comden (May 3, 1917 – November 23, 2006) was an American lyricist, playwright, and screenwriter who contributed to numerous Hollywood musicals and Broadway shows of the mid-20th century. Her writing partnership with Adolph Green spanned six decades: "the longest running creative partnership in theatre history." The musical-comedy duo of Comden and Green collaborated most notably with composers Jule Styne and Leonard Bernstein, as well enjoyed success with Singin' in the Rain, as part of the famed "Freed unit" at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.
Charlotte Bascombe
Charlotte Bascombe (born 3 January 1987) is a former Scottish woman cricketer. She represented Scotland in the 2008 Women's Cricket World Cup Qualifier.

Bascombe became the first woman cricketer to have played for a men's first XI team in Scotland.

2008 Women's Cricket World Cup Qualifier
The 2008 Women's Cricket World Cup Qualifier was an eight-team tournament held in South Africa in February 2008 to decide the final two qualifiers for the 2009 Women's Cricket World Cup. South Africa and Pakistan qualified, with the hosts winning in the final against Pakistan.
Christian Science Plaza
The Christian Science Plaza is a 13.5-acre (5.5 ha) site on the corner of Massachusetts Avenue and Huntington Avenue in the Back Bay neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts. The plaza, which is owned by the Church of Christ, Scientist (the Christian Science church),: 72  was designated as a Boston Landmark by the Boston Landmarks Commission in 2011, with the Commission describing it as a "heavily-used public space.": 61

The site houses the religion's administrative center and its Mother Church, The First Church of Christ, Scientist.: 1

Boston Landmarks Commission
The Boston Landmarks Commission (BLC) is a historic preservation agency for the city of Boston, Massachusetts. The commission was created by state legislation in 1975. It is part of the city's Office of Historic Preservation.
Plusaversary
The Simpsons in Plusaversary, or simply Plusaversary, is an American animated short film based on the television series The Simpsons produced by Gracie Films and 20th Television Animation, debuting on streaming service Disney+'s 2nd anniversary in 2021. It is the fifth short film in The Simpsons franchise, and the third promotional short produced for Disney+. The short was directed by David Silverman and released on November 12, 2021 – Disney+ Day. In the short film, there is a Disney+ party at Moe's Tavern and everyone is invited except Homer.

Disney+ Day
Disney+ Day was an annual event hosted by the Walt Disney Company to promote its Disney+, Hulu, and Star+ streaming services, featuring announcements of new feature films and television series from those services and produced by the Walt Disney Studios.

The event was inaugurated in 2021, coinciding with the second anniversary of Disney+, and returned on September 8, 2022. The 2021 event was poorly received by viewers and commentators alike, with criticism toward Disney's decision to publish its announcements in the form of a Twitter thread as well as the minimal amount of new footage shown.
Selaata
Selaata (سلعاتا) is a village in the Batroun district of the North Lebanon governorate in Lebanon. The town is approximately 45 km north of Beirut and approximately 3 km north of Batroun. The population is almost exclusively Maronite Christian. The town overlooks the Lebanon Chemicals plant.

Batroun District
Batroun District (Arabic: البترون) is a district (qadaa) located in the North Governorate, Lebanon, south of Tripoli. Its capital is the city of Batroun, which is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. Its natural borders are: in the south the al-Jaouz river and in the north the Madfoun river.

The region is known for its vineyards located at an altitude of 1,300 meters, which helps grow high-quality grapes that are used to make wines that are intense in color and full of flavor.
South Capital Street Limited Line
The South Capital Street Limited Line, designated Route W9, was a bus route operated by the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority between L'Enfant Plaza station of the Blue, Yellow, Orange, Green, and Silver lines of the Washington Metro and the Douglas A. Munro Coast Guard Headquarters Building (Coast Guard) or Livingston (AM Peak only). The line operated during the weekday peak-hours only providing service from the Coast Guard Headquarters to L'Enfant Plaza. The line was discontinued on June 24, 2018 due to low ridership and the U.S. Coast Guard ending their subsidy for the W9 on July 1, 2018.

Orange Line (Washington Metro)
The Orange Line is one of the six rapid transit lines of the Washington Metro system, consisting of 26 stations in Fairfax County and Arlington in Northern Virginia; Washington, D.C.; and Prince George's County, Maryland, United States. The Orange Line runs from Vienna in Fairfax County to New Carrollton in Prince George's County. Half of the line's stations are shared with the Blue Line and all but three stations (Vienna, Dunn Loring, and West Falls Church) are shared with the Silver Line. Orange Line service began on November 20, 1978.

Trains run every 10 minutes during weekday rush hours, every 12 minutes during weekday off-peak hours and weekends, and every 15 minutes daily after 9:30 pm.
Blakeney (horse)
Blakeney  (28 March 1966 – 6 November 1992) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. He won the Derby at Epsom in 1969 and was kept in training in 1970 aged four. He later had a successful stud career.

Coronation Cup
The Coronation Cup is a Group 1 flat horse race in Great Britain open to horses aged four years or older. It is run at Epsom Downs over a distance of 1 mile, 4 furlongs and 6 yards (2,420 metres), or about 1½ miles, and it is scheduled to take place each year in late May or early June.
Women in Italy
Women in Italy refers to women who are from (or reside in) Italy. The legal and social status of Italian women has undergone rapid transformations and changes during the past decades. This includes family laws, the enactment of anti-discrimination measures, and reforms to the penal code (in particular with regard to crimes of violence against women).

Margherita Sarfatti
Margherita Sarfatti (Italian pronunciation: [marɡeˈriːta sarˈfatti]; née Grassini; 8 April 1880 – 30 October 1961) was an Italian journalist, art critic, patron, collector, socialite, and prominent propaganda adviser of the National Fascist Party. She was Benito Mussolini's biographer as well as one of his mistresses.
Guido Rudin
Guido Rudin (born 13 January 1963) was a Swiss footballer who played in the 1980s. He played mainly as defender, but also as midfielder.

Rudin played his youth football with FC Basel and joined their first team in their 1982–83 season under head coach Rainer Ohlhauser. In that season he played in just one test match as Basel won against Old Boys 2–0 on the Schützenmatte. After another three test matches, Rudin played his domestic league debut for the club in the away game in the Stade Tourbillon in Sion, on 13 November 1982 as Basel were defeated 3–5 by FC Sion.

Between the years 1982 and 1985 Rudin played a total of 36 games for Basel scoring just one goal. 11 of these games were in the Nationalliga A, one was in the Swiss Cup and 24 were friendly games. He scored his only goal in the test game on 30 January 1985 as Basel won 1–0 against German team 1. FC Herzogenaurach during a trainings camp in Lanzarote.

Swiss Cup
The Swiss Cup (German: Schweizer Cup; French: Coupe de Suisse; Italian: Coppa Svizzera; Romansh: Cuppa Svizra)  is a football cup competition that has been organised annually since 1925–26 season by the Swiss Football Association.

The Swiss Cup final is usually the most important game of the year with a high attendance. The competition is also shaped by games in the first rounds when villages celebrate the tie of their club with a professional team leading to infrastructure improvements and often thousands of spectators at the local football pitch. Since 1999 the cup winners earns the chance to qualify for the UEFA Europa League or the UEFA Conference League in accordance with the rankings of Switzerland in the UEFA coefficient.
Koko: A Red Dog Story
Koko: A Red Dog Story is a 2019 Australian family documentary film directed by Aaron McCann and Dominic Pearce, written by Aaron McCann and Dominic Pearce, and starring Jason Isaacs, Felix Williamson and Sarah Woods. It is a spin-off to the 2011 film Red Dog, detailing the life of Koko, who was cast as Red Dog in the original film.

Aaron McCann
Aaron McCann is an Irish-born Australian filmmaker, writer, and novelist. He is best known for co-directing the cult mockumentary Top Knot Detective (2016), the documentary Koko: A Red Dog Story (2019), and his work in the comedy duo Henry and Aaron. He is the founder of the production company Banshee Hills, through which he produces feature films and digital content. His projects have been distributed by Umbrella Entertainment, Village Roadshow, and SBS Viceland, and his web content has garnered millions of views. In 2023 he, along with writer Dominic Pearce, published their first novel, Big Red.
Astragalus arenarius
Astragalus arenarius, the sand milk-vetch or sand milkvetch, is a species of milkvetch mostly found in Central and Eastern Europe, with populations in Russia stretching perhaps as far as the Urals, and a few instances in Sweden, Finland, and perhaps Denmark. The center of diversity appears to be in Central Russia. Its chromosome number is 2n = 16.

Vavilov center
A Vavilov centre or centre of origin is a geographical area where a group of organisms, either domesticated or wild, first developed its distinctive properties. Centers of origin were first identified in 1924 by Nikolai Vavilov. Vavilov posited that the center of origin for a species or genus is the same as its center of diversity, the geographic area where it has the highest genetic diversity, but this equivalence has been disputed by later scholars.