hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Confraternity
A confraternity (Spanish: cofradía; Portuguese: confraria) is generally a Christian voluntary association of laypeople created for the purpose of promoting special works of Christian charity or piety, and approved by the Church hierarchy. They are most common among Catholics, Lutherans, Anglicans, and the Western Orthodox. When a Catholic confraternity has received the authority to aggregate to itself groups erected in other localities, it is called an archconfraternity. Examples include the various confraternities of penitents and the confraternities of the cord, as well as the Confraternity of the Holy Guardian Angels and the Confraternity of the Rosary.

Confraternities were "the most sweeping and ubiquitous movement of the central and later Middle Ages".

Charity (Christian virtue)
In Christian theology, charity (Latin: caritas) is considered one of the seven virtues and was understood by Thomas Aquinas as "the friendship of man for God", which "unites us to God". He holds it as "the most excellent of the virtues". Aquinas further holds that "the habit of charity extends not only to the love of God, but also to the love of our neighbor".

The Catechism of the Catholic Church defines "charity" as "the theological virtue by which we love God above all things for His own sake, and our neighbor as ourselves for the love of God".
Sylvester Nguni
Sylvester Robert Nguni (born 4 May 1955) was the Zimbabwean Minister of State in the office of Vice-President Joyce Mujuru. A member of ZANU–PF, he was the Member of House of Assembly for Mhondoro–Mubaira. He was placed on the United States sanctions list from 2005 until 2016.

Minister of State
Minister of state is a designation for a government minister, with varying meanings in different jurisdictions. In a number of European countries, the title is given as an honorific conferring a higher rank, often bestowed upon senior ministers. Conversely, in the United Kingdom and several other Commonwealth countries, "minister of state" is a junior rank, subordinate to a minister of higher rank. Finally, in other countries such as Australia, Brazil and Japan, all government ministers hold the title of "minister of state".
National Highway 156 (India)
National Highway 156, commonly referred to as NH 156, is a auxiliary highway or spur road of NH56 connecting the city of Nimbahera in Rajasthan to Manpur in Madhya Pradesh Border. The Highway runs for 337 kilometres (209 mi). This highway connects NH56 with NH52 acting as a Link Highway & also known as Chittaurgarh Road.

Ratlam
Ratlam (Hindi: IPA: [ɾət̪.laːm]),ⓘis a city in the northwestern part of the Malwa region in Madhya Pradesh state of India. The city of Ratlam lies 480 metres (1,570 ft) above sea level. It is the administrative headquarters of Ratlam district, which was created in 1947 after the independence of India. It is located 294 kilometres west of the state capital Bhopal.

In 2024 Indian general election, Anita Nagar Singh Chouhan of Bharatiya Janata Party was elected as the Member of Parliament from Ratlam.

Ratlam railway division is one of the six railway divisions under Western Railway zone of Indian Railways. Whose headquarters is in Ratlam city. This is an important railway junction of the state.
Etjo Sandstone
The Etjo Sandstone is an Early Jurassic geologic formation in northern Namibia. The formation overlies the Omingonde Formation in the Waterberg Basin and the Doros and Gai-As Formations in the Huab Basin and has a total thickness of 140 metres (460 ft). Fossil theropod tracks of Prosauropoda indet., Theropoda indet., Tetrapodium elmenhorsti, Saurichnium anserinum, S. damarense, S. parallelum and S. tetractis have been reported from the formation, deposited in an aeolian environment.

Aeolian processes
Aeolian processes, also spelled eoulian, pertain to wind activity in the study of geology and weather and specifically to the wind's ability to shape the surface of the Earth (or other planets).  Winds may erode, transport, and deposit materials. They are effective agents in regions with sparse vegetation, a lack of soil moisture and a large supply of unconsolidated sediments. Although water is a much more powerful eroding force than wind, aeolian processes are important in arid environments such as deserts.

The term is derived from the name of the Greek god Aeolus, the keeper of the winds.
1985 Livingston Open – Doubles
Scott Davis and Ben Testerman were the defending champions, but did not participate this year.

Mike De Palmer and Peter Doohan won the title, defeating Eddie Edwards and Danie Visser 6–3, 6–4 in the final.

Ben Testerman
Ben Testerman (born February 2, 1962) is a former professional tennis player from the United States.

During his career, he won one doubles title. He achieved a career-high singles ranking of World No. 22 in 1984 and a career-high doubles ranking of World No. 33 in 1985. His best achievement in singles competition was reaching the semifinals of the 1984 Australian Open, losing to Kevin Curren in five sets. He was inducted into the Tennessee Tennis Hall of Fame in 2008.

His father was a two-time mayor of Knoxville, Tennessee, Kyle Testerman.
Mathewson Exhibition Center
The James L. Mathewson Exhibition Center is a publicly owned 3,155-seat multi-purpose arena on the Missouri State Fairgrounds in Sedalia, Missouri.  Built in 1988, it received its current name in 1994 to honor Missouri Senator James L. Mathewson, who was instrumental in getting support for the State Fair to the General Assembly.

During the Fair, the Mathewson Exhibition Center hosts equine and livestock shows as well as various entertainment and concerts.  During the offseason, it was home to the Mid-Missouri Outlaws of the Champions Professional Indoor Football League.

Champions Professional Indoor Football League
The Champions Professional Indoor Football League (CPIFL) was an indoor football minor league based along the Midwestern United States region. The league began play in February 2013. In August 2014, the CPIFL and Lone Star Football League (LSFL) completed a merger to form Champions Indoor Football (CIF) and began play in 2015.
Arvika Municipality
Arvika Municipality (Swedish: Arvika kommun) is a municipality in Värmland County in west central Sweden. Its seat is located in the city of Arvika.

The present municipality was created in 1971 when the former City of Arvika was amalgamated with five rural municipalities of Glava, Gunnarskog, Älgå, Brunskog and Stavnäs.

Arvika is most known for the annual Arvika Festival that attracts international artists.

Municipalities of Sweden
The municipalities of Sweden (Swedish: Sveriges kommuner) are its generally smaller but co-equal local government entities. There are 290 municipalities which are responsible for a large proportion of local services, including schools, emergency services and physical planning.
Finnhamn
Finnhamn is a natural harbour on the island of  Stora Jolpan in the Stockholm archipelago. It is in Österåker Municipality and lies to the east of Ingmarsö and to the west of Husarö. The name Finnhamn is derived from the Finnish boats which called into the harbour on their way to and from Stockholm, and is often now used for the island as well as the harbour. Finnhamn was bought by Stockholm City in 1943.

A wealthy coal merchant built a house here in 1915 and this is now a youth hostel which is open all year round. Other facilities on Finnhamn are holiday cabins, and a seasonally open restaurant and shop.

Two companies, Cinderellabåtarna and Waxholmsbolaget, have scheduled ferry services to the islands. The journey takes around two and a half hours from the centre of Stockholm.

Hostel
A hostel is a form of low-cost, short-term shared sociable lodging where guests can rent a bed, usually a bunk bed in a dormitory sleeping 4–20 people, with shared use of a lounge and usually a kitchen. Rooms can be private or shared - mixed or single-sex - and have private or shared bathrooms. Food and beverage, laundry services, luggage storage, and lockers may also be available.

Hostels are popular forms of lodging for backpackers and with youth travel; however, most do not impose age limits. The global size of the hostel market was estimated at US$7.21 billion in 2023 and was projected to grow at a 6.5% compound annual growth rate until 2030. In 2019, there were an estimated 5,829 hostels in Europe and 4,738 hostels in Asia. The typical guest is between 16 and 34 years old, although it can vary depending on the country. Many hostels are locally owned and operated.
Cikapundung River
The Cikapundung River divides the city of Bandung, in West Java, Indonesia. The river flows from its headwaters in Lembang on the northern edge of the city, to the south, where it empties into the Citarum River.

The name Cikapundung is derived from the Sundanese language, and means river (ci, cai: water) and the name of a type of fruit: kapundung or kepundung (Baccaurea racemosa).

Despite being one of the main sources of Bandung's water supply, the river is classified as heavily polluted. Domestic waste, including human waste and detergents, is the main source of pollution as more people are living along the river banks. Other sources of pollutants are industry agriculture and farming.

Baccaurea racemosa
Baccaurea racemosa (common names: kapundung or menteng) is a species of fruit tree in Southeast Asia. It belongs to the family Phyllanthaceae.

The name of the elite suburb of Menteng in central Jakarta comes from this tree.
Joseph Reed Sams
Joseph Reed Sams (18 August 1923 – 20 May 2000) was a Progressive Conservative party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Clarion, Iowa, United States and had a previous career as an insurance agent.

He was first elected at the Wentworth riding in the 1962 general election. After serving his only federal term in the 25th Canadian Parliament, Sams was defeated in the 1963 federal election by John B. Morison of the Liberal party. Sams attempted to win back the riding in the 1965 election but was not successful in unseating Morison.

25th Canadian Parliament
The 25th Canadian Parliament was in session from September 27, 1962, until February 6, 1963. The membership was set by the 1962 federal election on June 18, 1962, and it changed only somewhat due to resignations and by-elections until it was dissolved prior to the 1963 election.

It was controlled by a Progressive Conservative Party minority under Prime Minister John Diefenbaker and the 18th Canadian Ministry.  The Official Opposition was the Liberal Party, led by Lester B. Pearson.

It was the third shortest parliament in Canadian history.

The Speaker was Marcel Lambert.  See also List of Canadian electoral districts 1952-1966 for a list of the ridings in this parliament.

There was only one session of the 25th Parliament.
Egg of Columbus (tangram puzzle)
The Egg of Columbus (Ei des Columbus in German) is a dissection puzzle consisting of a flat egg-like shape divided into 9 or 10 pieces by straight cuts. The goal of the puzzle is to rearrange the pieces to form other specific shapes, such as animals (see below).

The earliest known examples were produced by German toy manufacturer Richter. Production was ceased in 1963, but renewed at the start of the 21st century.

Because the two pieces coloured turquoise in these diagrams lack bilateral symmetry, some shapes in which both pieces have the same chirality, as in two of the examples below, require one of them to be flipped over.

Richter (toy company)
F. Ad. Richter & Cie was founded and owned by Friedrich Adolf Richter. This German manufacturer produced many products, including pharmaceuticals, music boxes, gramophones, and Anchor Stone building sets.  Richter established his main factory in Rudolstadt, Germany, with other factories in Vienna Austria, Nuremberg Germany, New York City USA, and St. Petersburg, Russia. In addition, the company had operations for internal supply in Konstein, Germany (glass bottles) and Leipzig, Germany (publishing - printing was done in Rudolstadt).

Friedrich Adolf Richter was born 1847 in Herford, North Rhine-Westphalia and died 1910 in Jena. The Anker factory produced the popular Anchor Stone Blocks from the 1880 up to 1963.

The factory was refounded in 1995 by a group of enthusiasts and began producing some of the old sets again. They are also selling toys in Grayford.
Samuel Abraham Poznański
Samuel Abraham Poznański or Shemuel Avraham Poznanski ( Hebrew: שמואל אברהם פוזננסקי, Lubraniec, 3 September 1864–1921) was a Polish-Jewish scholar, known for his studies of Karaism and the Hebrew calendar. Arabist, Hebrew bibliographer, and authority on modern Karaism; rabbi and preacher at the Great Synagogue in Warsaw.

He graduated from a gymnasium of Warsaw and studied at Warsaw University and the Hochschule für die Wissenschaft des Judentums in Berlin. At that time he formed an intimate friendship with his teacher Moritz Steinschneider, for whose eightieth birthday in 1896 he edited the Festschrift.

He was appointed a member of the Warsaw council of rabbis by a committee of the Great Synagogue on Tłomackie Street, Warsaw just before his death where he preached. Orthodox Jews opposed his appointment and even resorted to street demonstrations. He was succeeded at the Great Synagogue by Moses Schorr in 1923.

He was an ardent Zionist, and a delegate to the First Zionist Congress.

Bibliography
Bibliography (from Ancient Greek: βιβλίον, romanized: biblion, lit. 'book' and -γραφία, -graphía, 'writing'), as a discipline, is traditionally the academic study of books as physical, cultural objects; in this sense, it is also known as bibliology (from Ancient Greek: -λογία, romanized: -logía). English author and bibliographer John Carter describes bibliography as a word having two senses: one, a list of books for further study or of works consulted by an author (or enumerative bibliography); the other one, applicable for collectors, is "the study of books as physical objects" and "the systematic description of books as objects" (or descriptive bibliography).
Top Dog Model
Top Dog Model is a British reality dog competition show that aired on ITV2 from 5 September to 10 October 2012. The judging panel consists of head judge Stacey Solomon, Lilah Parsons and Addison Witt. Britain's Got Talent winners Ashleigh and Pudsey feature in various episodes, demonstrating tasks and offering advice to the contestants.

ITV2
ITV2 is a British free-to-air public broadcast television channel owned by ITV plc. It was launched on 7 December 1998. For a number of years, it had the largest audience share after the five analogue terrestrial stations, a claim now held by its sister service ITV3 both of which are freely available to a majority of households.

The channel is primarily aimed at the 16–34 age group, similar to BBC Three and E4, and is known for American programming such as adult animations Family Guy, American Dad! and Bob's Burgers; repeats of recently aired episodes of soap operas and other entertainment programming from ITV such as Coronation Street, Emmerdale and Catchphrase; original comedy such as Celebrity Juice and Plebs; and reality formats such as Big Brother and Love Island.
Chenoweth Fort-Springhouse
The Chenoweth Fort-Springhouse is a historic stone structure near Avoca Road near Middletown, Kentucky.  Built about 1786, it is believed to be the oldest standing structure in Louisville, Kentucky, and was the site of the Chenoweth Massacre, a 1789 Native American raid during the Northwest Indian War that was the last raid in Jefferson county.  The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975. It is on privately owned land.

Middletown, Kentucky
Middletown is an independent, home rule-class city in Jefferson County, Kentucky, United States, and a suburb of Louisville. As of the 2020 census, Middletown had a population of 9,706. The city is home to the main campus of the largest church in the state (and one of the country's largest Protestant churches), the Southeast Christian Church.
Anita: Dances of Vice
Anita: Dances of Vice  (German: Anita – Tänze des Lasters)  is a 1987 German avant-garde film directed by Rosa von Praunheim.

The film premiered at the 1987 New York Film Festival and was also shown at, for example, the 1988 São Paulo International Film Festival.

New York Film Festival
The New York Film Festival (NYFF) is a film festival held every fall in New York City, presented by Film at Lincoln Center. Founded in 1963 by Richard Roud and Amos Vogel with the support of Lincoln Center president William Schuman, NYFF is one of the longest-running and most prestigious film festivals in the United States. It is a non-competitive festival centered on a "Main Slate" of typically 20–30 feature films, with additional sections for experimental cinema and new restorations.

Dennis Lim is the Artistic Director for NYFF. Kent Jones was the festival director from 2013 to 2019.
Mamie Gwinn Hodder
Mary Mackall "Mamie" Gwinn Hodder (February 2, 1860 – November 11, 1940) was an American educator. She taught at Bryn Mawr College, and was one of the founders of the Bryn Mawr School in Baltimore. Her relationships with M. Carey Thomas and Alfred Hodder were fictionalized in Gertrude Stein's short novel Fernhurst (1905).

M. Carey Thomas
Martha Carey Thomas (January 2, 1857 – December 2, 1935) was an American educator, suffragist, and linguist. She was the second president of Bryn Mawr College, a women's liberal arts college in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania.
Star Magic Presents
Star Magic Presents is a Philippine television drama anthology series broadcast by ABS-CBN. It aired from July 29, 2006 to May 10, 2008.  and was replaced by Wonder Mom. The show features artists from Star Magic, the talent management agency of ABS-CBN.

In an interview, Star Magic Director Johnny Manahan explained that the show's main goal was "to provide a platform whereby the agency’s fresh, yet unknown talents can shine in tandem with its more established stars. Each week, a new face is paired with an established artist, the better to remind the older stars of their responsibility to help their younger brothers and sisters."

In the Philippines, this program airs on Saturday at 10 a.m-11 a.m. in Metro Manila. (Timeslot may vary in some areas) It is also broadcast worldwide on TFC: The Filipino Channel.

Star Magic
ABS-CBN Center for Communication Arts, Inc., doing business as Star Magic (formerly known as Discovery, ABS-CBN Talent Center, and Star Circle) and also stylized as StarMagic without space in between words, is a Philippine talent agency owned by ABS-CBN Corporation based in Quezon City, Metro Manila. Founded in 1988, Star Magic has been one of the Philippines' leading talent management agencies for decades, and has managed many of the country's top stars.
Proton CamPro engine
The Proton CamPro engine is the first flagship automotive engine developed together with Lotus by the Malaysian automobile manufacturer, Proton.

The name CamPro is short for Cam Profiling. This engine powers the Proton Gen-2, Proton Satria Neo, Proton Waja Campro, Proton Persona, Proton Saga, Proton Exora, Proton Preve, Proton Suprima S and Proton Iriz.

The CamPro engine was created to show Proton's ability to make its own engines that produce good power output and meet newer emission standards. The engine prototype was first unveiled on 6 October 2000 at the Lotus factory in UK before it debuted in the 2004 Proton Gen•2.

All CamPro engines incorporate drive-by-wire technology (specifically electronic throttle control) for better response, eliminating the need for friction-generating mechanical linkages and cables.

Electronic throttle control
Electronic throttle control (ETC) is an automotive technology that uses electronics to replace the traditional mechanical linkages between the driver's input such as a foot pedal to the vehicle's throttle mechanism which regulates speed or acceleration. This concept is often called drive by wire, and sometimes called accelerate-by-wire or throttle-by-wire.
Initials B.B. (song)
Initials B.B. is a 1968 song by Serge Gainsbourg. It was the opening single of his album Initials B.B. and is about French actress and sex symbol Brigitte Bardot, who was so famous at the time that her initials were enough to know whom people referred to. Gainsbourg once had an affair with her and this was his way of expressing how he felt about it.

Initial
In a written or published work, an initial is a letter at the beginning of a word, a chapter, or a paragraph that is larger than the rest of the text. The word is  derived from Latin: initiālis, which means of the beginning.  An initial is often several lines in height, and, in older books or manuscripts, may take the form of an inhabited or historiated initial.  There are certain important initials, such as the Beatus initial, or B, of Beatus vir... at the opening of Psalm 1 at the start of a Vulgate (Bible). These specific initials in an illuminated manuscript were also called initia (sg.: initium).
Lemon Pepper Freestyle
"Lemon Pepper Freestyle" is a song by Canadian rapper Drake, featuring vocals from American rapper Rick Ross. It was released as the third out of three tracks from Drake's fourth extended play, Scary Hours 2, through Republic Records and OVO Sound, on March 5, 2021. The two artists wrote the song alongside Boi-1da, Coco O., and Robin Hannibal, while it was produced by Boi-1da and Austin Powerz with uncredited co-production from FnZ and Keanu Beats. It contains a sample from "Pressure" by Quadron.

OVO Sound
OVO Sound (short for October's Very Own) is a Canadian independent record label, founded in 2009 by rapper Drake, producer 40, and manager Oliver El-Khatib. The label operated as a subsidiary of Warner Music Group until 2022, after which it became an independent label.

The label has signed acts including PartyNextDoor, ILoveMakonnen, Majid Jordan, Roy Woods, Dvsn, Baka Not Nice, Alexander Slang, Popcaan, Smiley, Naomi Sharon, and Pimmie. In-house producers include 40 himself, Boi-1da, Nineteen85, Alexander Slang, Mike Zombie, and T-Minus.
GemStone IV
GemStone IV is a multiplayer text-based online role-playing video game (often known as a MUD) produced by Simutronics. Players control characters in a high fantasy game world named "Elanthia". The first playable version of the game was known as GemStone ][ and was launched in April 1988 on GEnie. It was one of the first MMORPGs and is one of the longest running online games still active. Access to the game is subscription-based (monthly fee) through its website, with three additional subscriptions levels available, "Premium", "Platinum" and "Shattered", in addition to a free-to-play model introduced in early March 2015.

Shadow World (role-playing game)
Shadow World is a high fantasy campaign setting situated on the fictional planet of Kulthea. Originally produced for the Rolemaster role-playing game system, Shadow World is fairly compatible with other d100 games such as High Adventure Role Playing (HARP), Middle-earth Role Playing (MERP) or Against the Darkmaster. The setting blends traditional fantasy elements, such as elves, dwarves, and magic, with science fiction, including such elements as space and time travel, and, to a degree, futuristic technology.

As with Rolemaster and HARP, Shadow World is owned by Iron Crown Enterprises (often referred to as I.C.E.). It was maintained by the primary author of the setting, Terry K. Amthor of Eidolon Studio (who also holds the trademark for Shadow World, and copyrights for non-gaming fiction related to the world), until his death.
Yakhtul
Yakhtul (Arabic: يختل) is a large coastal fishing village in the Taiz Governorate of southwestern Yemen. Yakhtul is located about "two German leagues (10 miles) north of the city of Mocha." It contains a number of white houses, the Yakhtul Mosque and a school.

Taiz Governorate
Taiz (Arabic: تَعِزّ, romanized: Taʿizz) is a governorate of Yemen. The governorate's capital Taiz, the third-largest city in Yemen, is among the most important commercial centres in the country, owing to its proximity to  farmland, the Red Sea port of Mokha and Taiz International Airport.