hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
NUN buffer
NUN buffer is a solution that makes it possible to purify proteins located in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. Although other procedures are available they result in loss of albumin D-box binding protein (DBP) which is unwanted if nuclear signal pathways are to be investigated. Therefore, a new extraction procedure was developed in 1993 to increase recovery of nonhistone proteins using a (NUN) solution containing 0.3 M NaCl, 1 M urea, and 1% nonionic detergent Nonidet P-40, which destabilize salt bridges, hydrogen bonds, and hydrophobic interactions, respectively; resulting in a disruption of interaction between proteins and DNA. By incubating nuclei in NUN buffer and centrifuging the solution, the supernatant will therefore contain nuclear proteins.

NUN buffer contains: HEPES [pH 7.6], Urea, NaCl, DDT, PIC 1 & 2, 1.1% NP-40, Sodium orthovanadate, β-glycerol phosphate and water.

Sodium chloride
Sodium chloride /ˌsoʊdiəm ˈklɔːraɪd/, commonly known as table salt, is an ionic compound with the chemical formula NaCl, representing a 1:1 ratio of sodium and chloride ions. It is transparent or translucent, brittle, hygroscopic, and occurs as the mineral halite. In its edible form, it is commonly used as a condiment and food preservative. Large quantities of sodium chloride are used in many industrial processes, and it is a major source of sodium and chlorine compounds used as feedstocks for further chemical syntheses. Another major application of sodium chloride is de-icing of roadways in sub-freezing weather.
Lewisia
Lewisia is a plant genus, named for the American explorer Meriwether Lewis (1774–1809) who encountered the species in 1806. The native habitat of Lewisia species is rocky ground and cliffs in western North America. Native Americans ate the roots, which have also been used to treat sore throats.

Sereno Watson
Sereno Watson FAAAS, NAS (December 1, 1826 – March 9, 1892) was an American botanist. He served as curator of the Gray Herbarium at Harvard University and as botanist on the Geological Exploration of the Fortieth Parallel scientific expedition.
Mifta Uddin Chowdhury Rumi
Mifta Uddin Chowdhury Rumi is a politician and former justice of the Sunamganj District a part of the Sylhet Division of Bangladesh. He was the BNP's MP from Sunamganj-2 (Derai-Shala) seat in the sixth parliamentary elections of the 1996 year.

Justice
In its broadest sense, justice is the treatment of individuals fairly. According to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, the most plausible candidate for a core definition comes from the Institutes of Justinian, a 6th-century codification of Roman law, where justice is defined as "the constant and perpetual will to render to each his due".

A society where justice has been achieved would be one in which individuals receive what they "deserve". The interpretation of what "deserve" means draws on a variety of fields and philosophical branches including ethics, rationality, law, religion, and fairness. The state may pursue justice by operating courts and enforcing their rulings.
Shantallow
Shantallow (from Irish Seantalamh, meaning 'old land') is a townland in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland. It is now part of the city of Derry, and is situated within Derry and Strabane district. It lies within the civil parish of Templemore and former barony of North-West Liberties of Londonderry. The townland is no longer a visible feature of Derry, being mainly built over with 20th-century housing estates.

North West Liberties of Londonderry
The North West Liberties of Londonderry is a barony in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland. It is bordered by two other baronies in Northern Ireland: Tirkeeran to the east, across Lough Foyle, and Strabane Lower to the south. It also borders two baronies in County Donegal (to whom it has previously belonged to before the creation of County Londonderry) in the Republic of Ireland. It borders Raphoe North, to the south-west; and Inishowen West to the north.
Ormeryggen
Ormeryggen (72°4′S 14°33′E﻿ / ﻿72.067°S 14.550°E﻿ / -72.067; 14.550) are three major hills forming the central portion of Linnormen Hills, standing southeast of Skavlho Mountain in the Payer Mountains of Queen Maud Land. Photographed from the air by the German Antarctic Expedition (1938–39). Mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by the Norwegian Antarctic Expedition (1956–60) and named Ormeryggen (the serpent's back).

This article incorporates public domain material from "Ormeryggen". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

New Swabia
New Swabia (Norwegian and German: Neuschwabenland) was an area of Antarctica explored, with the intention to claim it, by Nazi Germany between 1938 and 1939, within the Norwegian territorial claim of Queen Maud Land. The region was named after the expedition's ship, Schwabenland, itself named after the German region of Swabia. Although the name "New Swabia" is occasionally mentioned in historical contexts, it is not an officially recognized cartographic name in modern use. The area is now part of Queen Maud Land, governed under the Antarctic Treaty System.
Nouveau
A nouveau (English:  /nuːˈvoʊ/ French pronunciation: [nuvo]), or vin (de) primeur, is a wine which may be sold in the same year in which it was harvested.

The most widely exported nouveau wine is French wine Beaujolais nouveau which is released on the third Thursday of November, often only a few weeks after the grapes were harvested.

Nouveau wines are often light bodied and paler in color due to the very short (or nonexistent) maceration period followed by a similarly short fermentation. The wines will most likely not be exposed to any oak or extended aging prior to being released to the market. Nouveau wines are characteristically fruity and may have some residual sugar. They are at their peak drinkability within the first year. As of 2005, there were 55 AOCs in France permitted to make nouveau wines.

Vins de primeur should not be confused with the practice of buying and selling wines en primeur.

In Italy,  nouveau wine is called "Vino Novello".

Fermentation in winemaking
The process of  fermentation in winemaking turns grape juice into an alcoholic beverage. During fermentation, yeasts transform sugars present in the juice into ethanol and carbon dioxide (as a by-product). In winemaking, the temperature and speed of fermentation are important considerations as well as the levels of oxygen present in the must at the start of the fermentation. The risk of stuck fermentation and the development of several wine faults can also occur during this stage, which can last anywhere from 5 to 14 days for primary fermentation and potentially another 5 to 10 days for a secondary fermentation. Fermentation may be done in stainless steel tanks, which is common with many white wines like Riesling, in an open wooden vat, inside a wine barrel and inside the wine bottle itself as in the production of many sparkling wines.
L. Rødne og Sønner
L. Rødne og Sønner AS is a passenger ferry operating company in Rogaland and Vestland, Norway. It operates 14 ferries, of which 11 are fast ferries. The company operates public transport for the transport authorities Kolumbus and Skyss, boat ambulance services for Stavanger Hospital Trust, Fonna Hospital Trust and Bergen Hospital Trust, and since 1974 charter tourist services in Lysefjord. The company was founded in 1956, based in Sjernarøy and owned by ten members of the Rødne family.

Sjernarøy
Sjernarøy is a former municipality in Rogaland county, Norway. The island municipality existed from 1868 until its dissolution in 1965. The municipality was located in the Boknafjorden in the present-day municipality of Stavanger.  The administrative centre of the municipality was located on the island of Kyrkjøy, where the Sjernarøy Church is located.

Sjernarøy consisted of several small and larger islands for a total of 37.44 square kilometres (14.46 sq mi) of land. The inhabited islands included Kyrkjøy, Bjergøy, Eriksholmen, Tjul, Nord-Hidle, Aubø, Helgøy, Nord-Talgje, and the western part of Ombo.  The uninhabited islands included Hestholmen, Finnborg, Lundarøynå, Norheimsøynå, Norheimslamholmen, Staup, Fiskholmane, as well as many other smaller islands.
Hernán Rivera Calderón
Hernán Fernando Rivera Calderón (born 9 May 1930) is a Chilean naval officer (vice admiral, retired) and political figure who served as Minister of Public Health from 1980 to 1983 during the Pinochet regime.

Ministry of Health (Chile)
The Ministry of Health of Chile (Spanish: Ministerio de Salud de Chile), also known as MINSAL, is the cabinet-level administrative office in charge of planning, directing, coordinating, executing, controlling and informing the public health policies formulated by the President of Chile. Notably, all employees pay 7% of their monthly income to FONASA, the funding branch of the Chilean Ministry of Health.

The current Minister of Health is Ximena Aguilera. The minister has two adjuncts: the Undersecretary of Public Health (Spanish: Subsecretaria de Salud Pública) and the Undersecretary of Assistance Networks (Spanish: Subsecretaria de Redes Asistenciales).
Wayne Kuipers
Wayne D. Kuipers (born August 5, 1961) is a Republican from Michigan. He previously served in the Michigan House of Representatives from 1999 until 2003 and the Michigan Senate from 2003 until 2011. He ran for Michigan's 2nd congressional district in the 2010 election. He lost the Republican primary to Bill Huizenga.

Michigan Senate
The Michigan Senate is the upper house of the Michigan Legislature. Along with the Michigan House of Representatives, it composes the state legislature, which has powers, roles and duties defined by Article IV of the Michigan Constitution, adopted in 1963. The primary purpose of the Legislature is to enact new laws and amend or repeal existing laws.

The Michigan Senate is composed of 38 members, each elected from a single-member district with a population of between approximately 212,400 to 263,500 residents. Legislative districts are drawn on the basis of population figures, provided by the federal decennial census. In January 2023, Democrats took the majority with 20 seats to Republicans' 18 seats. The Senate chamber is located in the State Capitol building.
The Chosen One (trope)
The Chosen One, also known as The One or The Chosen, is a narrative trope in which one character, usually the protagonist, is framed as the inevitable hero of the story as a result of destiny, unique gifts, or special lineage. The trope is similar to the hero's journey template, where the main difference is that The Chosen One usually does not have a choice because of destiny. Chosen One narratives often incorporate bildungsroman, following the personal development of a character from childhood to adulthood. The character's gifts, lineage or destiny are often unknown at the beginning of the plot or presented to the audience as dramatic irony. The Chosen One trope is rooted in religion, mythology and folklore, and often appears in speculative fiction such as  fantasy. The Chosen One trope is comparable to the religious concept of messiah.

Literary device
In writing and speaking, a literary device, literary technique, rhetorical device, stylistic device, or trope is any deliberate strategy of using language that an author or orator employs to be more effective at achieving some purpose. This purpose may be: to focus or guide the audience's attention, to make the language or its content memorable, or to evoke a particular emotional, rational, aesthetic, or other response.

Literary devices are classifiable into sub-categories, such as narrative devices, poetic devices, argumentative devices, linguistic schemes or templates, or other techniques distinct to certain forms of language. They can be difficult to cleanly classify, however, as many are common across multiple such forms and can intersect under various categories, such as figures of speech.
The Morecambe & Wise Show (1968 TV series)
The Morecambe & Wise Show is a comedy sketch show originally broadcast by BBC Television, and the third TV series by English comedy double-act Morecambe and Wise. A continuation of the duo's format from Two of a Kind (called The Morecambe & Wise Show in its final two series) on ATV, it debuted in 1968 on BBC2, with the move to BBC Television specifically because BBC2 was then the only channel broadcasting in colour.

The Morecambe & Wise Show was popular enough to be moved to BBC1 in 1971, with its Christmas specials garnering prime-time audiences in excess of 20 million, some of the largest in British television history.

After their 1977 Christmas show, Morecambe and Wise left the BBC and signed with Thames Television, marking their return to the ITV network. The Morecambe & Wise Show title (or close variations thereof) continued to be used for many of these ITV shows.

British comedy
In film, television, theatre, and radio, British comedy has produced some of the most renowned characters in the world. In it, satire is one of the features of British humour. Radio comedy in Britain has been almost exclusively hosted on the BBC.
Brothers (surname)
Brothers is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Caroline Brothers (fl. 2022), Australian-born writer

Cary Brothers (born 1974), American singer-songwriter

Fletcher Brothers, American fundamentalist preacher and author

Jim Brothers (1941–2013), American sculptor

Joyce Brothers (1927–2013), American psychologist and columnist

Kerry Brothers Jr. (born 1970), American songwriter

Michael Brothers (1870–1952), British politician

Leo Vincent Brothers (1899–1950), American gangster and murderer

Paul Brothers, Canadian television personality

Paul Brothers (Canadian football) (born 1945), American football player

Peter Malam Brothers (1917–2008), Battle of Britain pilot

Rex Brothers (born 1987), American baseball player

Richard Brothers (1757–1824), Canadian religious leader and author

Vincent Brothers (born 1962), American mass murderer

Rex Brothers
Rex Colman Brothers (born December 18, 1987) is an American former professional baseball pitcher. After playing college baseball at Lipscomb University, Brothers was drafted by the Colorado Rockies in the 2009 MLB draft. He debuted with the Rockies in 2011 and played for them until 2015. He also played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Atlanta Braves and Chicago Cubs.
The Dance of the Storm
The Dance of the Storm (Chinese: 风暴舞; pinyin: Fēngbào Wǔ) is a Chinese television series starring William Chan and Gulnazar. The series started filming on May 5, 2018, at Beijing, and finished filming on October 8, 2018. It premiered on iQiyi, Tencent and Youku on 25 April 2021.

Youku
Youku Tudou Inc. (formerly Youku Inc.), doing business as Youku (Chinese: 优酷; lit. 'excellent (and) cool'), is a video streaming service and former video sharing website based in Beijing, China. It operates as a subsidiary of Alibaba Group Holding Limited.

Youku has its headquarters in the Sinosteel Plaza in Haidian District, Beijing.

On 12 March 2012, Youku reached an agreement to merge with Tudou in a stock-for-stock transaction, the new entity being named Youku Tudou Inc. In 2014, it had more than 500 million monthly active users, with 800 million daily video views.

Youku is one of China's top online video and streaming service platforms, along with iQiyi, Sohu, LeTV, Tencent Video, PPTV, 56.com and Funshion. However, Youku's domination in the Chinese market was toppled by its competitor Baidu's iQiyi in 2015.
HD 142415 b
HD 142415 b is an exoplanet with the semi-amplitude of 51.3 ± 2.3 m/s. This indicates the minimum mass of 1.69 Jupiter mass, an orbital period of 386.3 days, and the semi-major axis of 1.07 astronomical units based from its stellar mass. The wild, oval pathed wobble of the star used by Doppler spectrometer indicates that the orbit of the planet is highly eccentric at around 50%.

The planet was discovered in La Silla Observatory on 30 June 2003 by Mayor, who used the CORALIE spectrograph.

La Silla Observatory
La Silla Observatory is an astronomical observatory in Chile with three telescopes built and operated by the European Southern Observatory (ESO). Several other telescopes are also located at the site and are partly maintained by ESO. The observatory is one of the largest in the Southern Hemisphere and was the first in Chile to be used by ESO.

The La Silla telescopes and instruments are located in the North of the Coquimbo region, 150 km northeast of La Serena, on the outskirts of the Atacama Desert, one of the driest and most remote areas in the world. Like other observatories in this region, La Silla is far from sources of light pollution and, like the Paranal Observatory—home to the Very Large Telescope—it has some of the darkest night skies on Earth.
Pope Boniface VI
Pope Boniface VI (Latin: Bonifatius VI; died 26 April 896), a native of Rome, served very briefly as the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States in April of 896. He was elected as a result of riots soon after the death of Pope Formosus on April 4. Prior to his reign, he had twice incurred a sentence of deprivation of orders as a subdeacon and as a priest. After a pontificate of fifteen days, he is said by some to have died of gout, and by others to have been forcibly ejected to make way for Stephen VI, the candidate of the Spoletan party.

The Papal historian Caesar Baronius describes him as a 'disgusting monster' guilty of adultery and homicide.

At a synod in Rome held by John IX in 898, his election was pronounced null and void.

Little is written about the life of Boniface VI. It is believed by historians that his father was a man called Adrian, who was also a bishop. He then likely served as a sub-deacon or priest before his election to the papacy.

Duchy of Spoleto
42°44′N 12°44′E﻿ / ﻿42.733°N 12.733°E﻿ / 42.733; 12.733

The Duchy of Spoleto (Latin: Ducatus Spolitanorum) was a Lombard territory founded about 570 in central Italy by the Lombard dux Faroald. Its capital was the city of Spoleto.
Manir Dan Iya
Manir Muhammad Dan Iya Sardaunan Kware is a Nigeria politician who served as the Deputy Governor of Sokoto State in the People's Democratic Party (PDP) from 2018 to 2023. He hails from Kware Local Government Area, Sokoto State. and is a Muslim by Religion.

Kware
Kware is a Local Government Area in Sokoto State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Kware on the A1 highway.

It has an area of 554 km2 and a population of 133,899 at the 2006 census. It is led by a politician called Hon. Usman Mohammed Balkore. Kware has a high number of literate people.

The postal code of the area is 841.
Coding region
The coding region of a gene, also known as the coding DNA sequence (CDS), is the portion of a gene's DNA or RNA that codes for a protein. Studying the length, composition, regulation, splicing, structures, and functions of coding regions compared to non-coding regions over different species and time periods can provide a significant amount of important information regarding gene organization and evolution of prokaryotes and eukaryotes. This can further assist in mapping the human genome and developing gene therapy.

RNA splicing
RNA splicing is a process in molecular biology where a newly-made precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) transcript is transformed into a mature messenger RNA (mRNA). It works by removing all the introns (non-coding regions of RNA) and splicing back together exons (coding regions). For nuclear-encoded genes, splicing occurs in the nucleus either during or immediately after transcription. For those eukaryotic genes that contain introns, splicing is usually needed to create an mRNA molecule that can be translated into protein.  For many eukaryotic introns, splicing occurs in a series of reactions which are catalyzed by the spliceosome, a complex of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). There exist self-splicing introns, that is, ribozymes that can catalyze their own excision from their parent RNA molecule. The process of transcription, splicing and translation is called gene expression, the central dogma of molecular biology.
Westerland (Sylt) station
Westerland (Sylt) station (German: Bahnhof Westerland (Sylt)) is a terminus railway station in the town of Westerland, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. The station lies on the Marsh Railway and the train services are operated by Deutsche Bahn and Nord-Ostsee-Bahn.

Westerland, Germany
Westerland (German pronunciation: [ˈvɛstɐlant] ⓘ; Danish: Vesterland; Söl'ring North Frisian: Weesterlön’) is a seaside resort and a former municipality located on the German North Sea island of Sylt. Since 1 January 2009, Westerland has been part of the municipality Gemeinde Sylt. Westerland is part of the Nordfriesland district in Schleswig-Holstein. It is the largest resort on the island, the local transportation hub and the centre of Sylt's tourist industry.
Tetraethylammonium
Tetraethylammonium (TEA) is a quaternary ammonium cation with the chemical formula [Et4N]+, consisting of four ethyl groups (−C2H5, denoted Et) attached to a central nitrogen atom. It is a counterion used in the research laboratory to prepare lipophilic salts of inorganic anions. It is used similarly to tetrabutylammonium, the difference being that its salts are less lipophilic, more easily crystallized and more toxic.

Tetraethylammonium is a potassium channel blocker. It inhibits the return to the resting potential of action potentials in neurons by binding to the voltage-gated potassium channels in nerve cell membranes and blocking the passage of potassium ions (responsible for the repolarization of an action potential) out of the neuron.

Lipophilicity
Lipophilicity (from Greek λίπος "fat" and φίλος "friendly") is the ability of a chemical compound to dissolve in fats, oils, lipids, and non-polar solvents such as hexane or toluene. Such compounds are called lipophilic (translated as "fat-loving" or "fat-liking"). Such non-polar solvents are themselves lipophilic, and the adage "like dissolves like" generally holds true. Thus lipophilic substances tend to dissolve in other lipophilic substances, whereas hydrophilic ("water-loving") substances tend to dissolve in water and other hydrophilic substances.

Lipophilicity, hydrophobicity, and non-polarity may describe the same tendency towards participation in the London dispersion force, as the terms are often used interchangeably. However, the terms "lipophilic" and "hydrophobic" are not synonymous, as can be seen with silicones and fluorocarbons, which are hydrophobic but not lipophilic.
2013 Africa Twenty20 Division One
The 2013 ICC World Cricket League Africa Region Twenty20 Division One was an international Twenty20 cricket tournament that took place between 23 February–1 March 2013. It was the second edition of the ICC Africa Twenty20 Championship's Division One. Uganda hosted the event for the second time in a row, with all matches again played in the capital, Kampala.

ICC Africa Twenty20 Championship
The ICC Africa Twenty20 Championship was an international Twenty20 cricket competition that formed part of the qualification process for the ICC World Twenty20. It was contested by associate and affiliate members of the International Cricket Council (ICC) in Africa. It ran from 2011 to 2016 and comprised three divisions, which operated on a system of promotion and relegation. Each division was contested (as a standalone tournament) approximately every two years, aligning with the World Twenty20. The top two teams from the Division One tournament would be promoted to the World Twenty20 Qualifier, joining the top teams from the other regional qualifiers.