hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cultural depictions of Richard III of England
Richard III of England has been depicted in literature and popular culture many times. In the Tudor period he was invariably portrayed as a villain, most famously in Shakespeare's play Richard III, but also in other literature of the period. Richard's life was not much depicted again until the 20th century when the "Ricardian" movement sought to restore his reputation. Much of more recent creative literature has portrayed him in a positive light. However his reputation as a hunchbacked villain has remained a familiar historical cliché within popular culture.

Tudor period
In England and Wales, the Tudor period occurred between 1485 and 1603, including the Elizabethan era. The Tudor period coincides with the reign of the House of Tudor, which began with the accession of Henry VII and ended with the death of Elizabeth I.  Under the Tudor dynasty, art, architecture, trade, exploration, and commerce flourished. Historian John Guy (1988) argued that "England was economically healthier, more expensive, and more optimistic under the Tudors" than at any time since the ancient Roman occupation.
Solar eclipse of July 22, 2009
A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's descending node of orbit on Wednesday, July 22, 2009, with a magnitude of 1.07991. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 5.5 hours after perigee (on July 21, 2009, at 21:10 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.

This was the longest total solar eclipse during the 21st century, with totality lasting a maximum of 6 minutes and 38.86 seconds off the coast of Southeast Asia, causing tourist interest in eastern China, Pakistan, Japan, India, Nepal and Bangladesh.

Angular diameter
The angular diameter, angular width, angular size, apparent diameter, or apparent size is an angular separation (in units of angle) describing how large a sphere or circle appears from a given point of view. In the vision sciences, it is called the visual angle, and in optics, it is the angular aperture (of a lens). The angular diameter can alternatively be thought of as the angular displacement through which an eye or camera must rotate to look from one side of an apparent circle to the opposite side.

A person can resolve with their naked eyes diameters down to about 1 arcminute (approximately 0.017° or 0.0003 radians). This corresponds to 0.3 m at a 1 km distance, or to perceiving Venus as a disk under optimal conditions.
Miroslav Šoška
Miroslav Šoška is a Slovak former figure skater who represented Czechoslovakia internationally. He won silver at the 1977 Prague Skate and bronze at the 1978 Rotary Watches International. Šoška competed at five European and two World Championships, achieving his best result, eighth, at the 1978 European Championships in Strasbourg. He was coached by Hilda Múdra in Bratislava.

St. Ivel International
The St. Ivel International was an annual international figure skating competition at the Richmond Ice Rink in England. Sponsored by the National Ice Skating Association, it included competitions in men's singles, ladies' singles, pairs, and ice dancing. In most years it was held in late September or early October.
Adenomyoma
Adenomyoma is a tumor (-oma) including components derived from glands (adeno-) and muscle (-my-). It is a type of complex and mixed tumor, and several variants have been described in the medical literature. Uterine adenomyoma, the localized form of uterine adenomyosis, is a tumor composed of endometrial gland tissue and smooth muscle in the myometrium. Adenomyomas containing endometrial glands are also found outside of the uterus, most commonly on the uterine adnexa but can also develop at distant sites outside of the pelvis. Gallbladder adenomyoma, the localized form of adenomyomatosis, is a polypoid tumor in the gallbladder composed of hyperplastic mucosal epithelium and muscularis propria.

Gland
A gland is a cell or an organ in an animal's body that produces and secretes different substances that the organism needs, either into the bloodstream or into a body cavity or outer surface. A gland may also function to remove unwanted substances such as urine from the body.

There are two types of gland, each with a different method of secretion. Endocrine glands are ductless and secrete their products, hormones,  directly into interstitial spaces to be taken up into the bloodstream. Exocrine glands secrete their products through a duct into a body cavity or outer surface.

Glands are mostly composed of epithelial tissue, and typically have a supporting framework of connective tissue, and a capsule.
Maria Königin, Niedernhausen
Maria Königin (Mary Queen [of Heaven]) is the name of a Catholic church in Niedernhausen, Rheingau-Taunus-Kreis, Hesse, Germany. The Wörsdorf parish belongs to St. Martin Idsteiner Land. The church, the second Catholic church in Niedernhausen, was consecrated in 1960.

Queen of Heaven
Queen of Heaven (Latin: Regina Caeli) is a title given by the Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodoxy, to Mary, mother of Jesus, and, to a lesser extent, in Evangelical Lutheranism and Anglicanism. The title has long been a tradition, included in prayers and devotional literature and seen in Western art in the subject of the Coronation of the Virgin from the High Middle Ages, long before the Church gave it a formal definition status.

The Catholic teaching on this subject is expressed in the papal encyclical Ad Caeli Reginam, issued by Pope Pius XII in 1954. Therein, the pope states that Mary is called Queen of Heaven because her son, Jesus Christ, was charged as being "King of Israel" and the heavenly king of the universe. This would render the mother of the king as the "queen mother" of Israel.
Golmaal Again
Golmaal Again (transl. Chaos Again) is a 2017 Indian Hindi-language supernatural action comedy film written and directed by Rohit Shetty; produced by Rohit Shetty Pictures, Mangl Murti Films and Reliance Entertainment. The film is the fourth installment of Golmaal franchise and stars Ajay Devgn, Tabu, Arshad Warsi, Parineeti Chopra, Tusshar Kapoor, Shreyas Talpade, Kunal Khemu, Neil Nitin Mukesh and Johnny Lever.

The film was released in Diwali 2017. Despite clashing with Aamir Khan's Secret Superstar, Golmaal Again became one of the year's highest grossers, was a blockbuster at the box office and became the 46th highest grossing Indian film of all time. Its lifetime domestic net collection was more than ₹244 crores, while the worldwide gross ended at ₹310.98 crores. The film received mixed reviews from critics with praise for its humour and performances and criticism for its flaws in the technical aspects. A spin-off titled Cirkus was released on 23 December 2022.

Supernatural film
Supernatural film is a film genre that encompasses supernatural themes related to gods, goddesses, ghosts, apparitions, spirits, miracles, and other extraordinary phenomena. These themes are often blended with other film genres, such as comedy, science fiction, fantasy, and horror. Historically, the primary goal of supernatural films was not to terrify audiences but to offer entertainment, often in whimsical or romantic contexts.

The film genre is part of several hybrid genres, including supernatural comedy films, supernatural horror films, supernatural religious films, and supernatural thriller films.
Metalasia quinqueflora
Metalasia quinqueflora is a semi-shrub belonging to the Asteraceae family. The species is endemic to South Africa and occurs in the Western Cape, from the Hottentots Holland Mountains and Grabouw in the north to Betty's Bay and Kleinmond in the south. The plant is part of the fynbos and occurs at altitudes of 0-400 m.

Grabouw
Grabouw (/xrʌˈboʊ/ khrub-OH, Afrikaans: [χraˈbœu]) is a town located in the Western Cape province of South Africa. Grabouw is located some 65 km south-east of Cape Town, over Sir Lowry's Pass from Somerset West, along the N2 highway. The town is the commercial centre for the vast Elgin Valley, the largest single export fruit-producing area in Southern Africa, which extends between the Hottentots-Holland, Kogelberg, Groenland, and Houwhoek Mountains. The town's population has grown rapidly, with 44,593 people in 2019 from 21,593 as listed by the 2001 census.
Solar simulator
A solar simulator (also artificial sun or sunlight simulator) is a device that provides illumination approximating natural sunlight. The purpose of the solar simulator is to provide a controllable indoor test facility under laboratory conditions. It can be used for the testing of any processes or materials that are photosensitive, including solar cells, sun screen, cosmetics, plastics, aerospace materials, skin cancer, bioluminescence, photosynthesis, water treatment, crude-oil degradation, and free radical formation. Solar simulators are used in a wide range of research areas including photobiology, photo-oxidation, photodegradation, photovoltaics, and photocatalysis.

Photosensitivity
In medicine, photosensitivity is an abnormal reaction of the skin to light. There are two types: photoallergy and phototoxicity. The photosensitive ganglion cells in the mammalian eye are a separate class of light-detecting cells from the photoreceptor cells that function in vision.
Spruill
Spruill is a surname.  Notable people with the surname Spruill include:

Benjamin Spruill (fl. 1779), American politician

Godfrey Spruill (c. 1650–c. 1719), Scottish-American doctor

Hezekiah Spruill (1732–1804), American revolutionary

Hezekiah G. Spruill (1808–1874), Confederate general

Wild Jimmy Spruill (1934–1996), American session guitarist

Joseph Spruill (b. c. 1690), American politician

Lionell Spruill (b. 1946), American politician

Marquis Spruill (b. 1991), American football player

Samuel Spruill (d. 1760), American politician

Shannon Spruill (b. 1975), American professional wrestler known as Daffney

Zeke Spruill (b. 1989), American baseball player

Samuel Spruill
Samuel Spruill served in the Provincial Assembly of North Carolina from 1754 until his death in 1760. He was the son of Dr. Godfrey Spruill, the patriarch of the Spruill family in the United States and the first doctor in North Carolina.
In Person (Vince Guaraldi album)
In Person (also known as Vince Guaraldi "In Person") is a live performance album by jazz pianist Vince Guaraldi, released in the U.S. on June 10, 1963 on Fantasy Records. It was released as a follow-up to his album Jazz Impressions of Black Orpheus which featured the surprise hit song "Cast Your Fate to the Wind".

The concert was recorded live at The Trident Jazz Club in Sausalito, California, on December 4, 1962.

Sausalito, California
Sausalito (Spanish for "small willow grove") is a city in Marin County, California, United States, located 1.5 miles (2.4 kilometers) southeast of Marin City, 8 miles (13 km) south-southeast of San Rafael, and about 4 miles (6 km) north of San Francisco from the Golden Gate Bridge.

Sausalito's population was 7,269 as of the 2020 census. The community is situated near the northern end of the Golden Gate Bridge, and prior to the building of that bridge served as a terminus for rail, car, and ferry traffic.

Sausalito developed rapidly as a shipbuilding center in World War II, with its industrial character giving way in postwar years to a reputation as a wealthy and artistic enclave, a picturesque residential community (incorporating large numbers of houseboats), and a tourist destination. The city is adjacent to, and largely bounded by, the protected spaces of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area as well as the San Francisco Bay.
Valley Brook, New York
Valley Brook is a hamlet located 2 miles (3 km) west of Fort Plain, on NY 80 in Montgomery County, New York, United States. Otsquene Creek enters Otsquago Creek just west of Valley Brook, and Otsquago Creek, a tributary of the Mohawk River, flows east through the hamlet.

Mohawk River
The Mohawk River is a 149-mile-long (240 km) river in the U.S. state of New York. It is the largest tributary of the Hudson River, flowing into it in Cohoes, a few miles north of the state capital of Albany. The river is named for the Mohawk Nation of the Iroquois Confederacy. A significant portion of the river's valley served as the path of the Erie Canal, key to developing both New York state and the Great Lakes area.  The Mohawk's largest tributary, the Schoharie Creek, accounts for over one quarter (26.83%) of the river's watershed, with West Canada Creek contributing another 16.33% of total.
Charles Catlow
Charles Stanley Catlow (21 February 1908 – 7 March 1986) was an English cricketer.  Catlow was a right-handed batsman.  He was born in Darwen, Lancashire.

Catlow made two first-class appearances for Northamptonshire in 1929, one against Oxford University and the other against the touring South Africans. In the match against Oxford University at the Ideal Clothiers Ground, he scored 10 not out in Northamptonshire's first-innings batting at number six.  In their second-innings he was promoted to open the batting, though without success as he was dismissed for a duck by Charles Hill-Wood, with Oxford University winning by an innings and 121 runs. Against the South Africans at the County Ground, he scored 8 runs in Northamptonshire's only innings, before being dismissed by Sandy Bell. The match ended in a draw.

He died in Northampton, Northamptonshire on 7 March 1986.

County Cricket Ground, Northampton
The County Ground is a cricket venue on Wantage Road in the Abington area of Northampton, England. It is home to Northamptonshire County Cricket Club, and was used by Northampton Town F.C. from 1897 to 1994.
Editing of anime in distribution
The content of Japanese animation (anime) is frequently edited by distributors, both for its release in Japan or during subsequent localizations. This happens for a variety for reasons, including translation, censorship, and remastering.

Remaster
A remaster is a change in the sound or image quality of previously created forms of media, whether audiophonic, cinematic, or videographic. The resulting product is said to be remastered. The terms digital remastering and digitally remastered are also used.

In a wider sense, remastering a product may involve other, typically smaller inclusions or changes to the content itself. They tend to be distinguished from remakes, based on the original.
Roar Johansen
Roar Johansen is the name of:

Roar Johansen (footballer) (1935–2015), Norwegian international footballer

Roar Johansen (football coach) (born 1968), Norwegian football coach, main coach of Sarpsborg 08

Roar Johansen (footballer)
Roar Johansen (8 July 1935 – 23 October 2015) was a Norwegian footballer and manager.

As a defender for Fredrikstad he helped win the league title in 1956–57, 1959–60 and 1960–61, and the cup title in 1957, 1961 and 1966. In total he played for Fredrikstad from 1952 to 1967.

Johansen was also an important player for the Norwegian national team. He was capped 61 times; including a Norwegian record of 54 consecutive international matches between 18 September 1960 and 24 September 1967 (which was also his last international). He played in Norway's shock 3-0 win against Yugoslavia in 1965.

He went on to coach Fredrikstad. He died on 23 October 2015 at 80 years old.
Cabinet of Jiří Paroubek
The Government of the Czech Republic from April 25, 2005 to September 4, 2006 was formed by coalition of the Czech Social Democratic Party (ČSSD), the Christian and Democratic Union - Czechoslovak People's Party (KDU-ČSL) and the Freedom Union - Democratic Union (US-DEU). Three members of the cabinet were women.

Coalition
A coalition is formed when two or more people or groups temporarily work together to achieve a common goal. The term is most frequently used to denote a formation of power in political, military, or economic spaces.
Pano Logic
Pano Logic was a manufacturer of devices which present virtual desktops to the end user with no local processing power (a contrast with thin client technologies). They describe this concept as "zero client". This is perceived as offering benefits in end-user support and in power provision to desks. OEM versions have been included in displays from some vendors, allowing a single unit to be deployed.  The company failed in October 2012.  In March 2013, Propalms announced they had acquired the rights to support Panologic customers, and will "help transition the customer base to a new platform".

Virtual desktop
In computing, a virtual desktop is a term used with respect to user interfaces, usually within the WIMP paradigm, to describe ways in which the virtual space of a computer's desktop environment is expanded beyond the physical limits of the screen's display area through the use of software. This compensates limits of the desktop area and is helpful in reducing clutter of running graphical applications.

There are two major approaches to expanding the virtual area of the screen. Switchable virtual desktops allow the user to make virtual copies of their desktop view-port and switch between them, with open windows existing on single virtual desktops. Another approach is to expand the size of a single virtual screen beyond the size of the physical viewing device. Typically, scrolling/panning a subsection of the virtual desktop into view is used to navigate an oversized virtual desktop.
Anwar Ibrahim cabinet
The Anwar Ibrahim cabinet is the current federal cabinet of Malaysia, formed on 3 December 2022, nine days after Anwar Ibrahim took office as the 10th Prime Minister of Malaysia. The composition of the cabinet was announced by Anwar a day earlier on 2 December 2022, consisting of most of the political coalitions and parties represented in the 15th Parliament. It was the 23rd cabinet of Malaysia formed since independence. Although Perikatan Nasional (PN) was also invited to join the government, it decided to decline the invitation and instead formed the opposition. The government is often referred to as "unity government" (Malay: Kerajaan Perpaduan) or informally, Madani government (Malay: Kerajaan Madani).

Parliament of Malaysia
The Parliament of Malaysia (Malay: Parlimen Malaysia; Jawi: ‏ڤرليمن مليسيا‎) is the national legislature of Malaysia, based on the Westminster system. The bicameral parliament consists of the Dewan Rakyat (House of Representatives, lit. "People's Assembly") and the Dewan Negara (Senate, lit. "State Assembly"). The Yang di-Pertuan Agong (King), as the head of state, is the third component of Parliament.

The Parliament assembles in the Malaysian Houses of Parliament, located in the national capital city of Kuala Lumpur.

The term "Member of Parliament (MP)" usually refers to a member of the Dewan Rakyat, the lower house of the Parliament. The term "Senator" usually refers to a member of the Dewan Negara, the upper house of the Parliament.
Cycling at the 2012 Summer Paralympics – Women's 1 km time trial B
The Women's 1 km time trial, Class B track cycling event at the 2012 Summer Paralympics took place on August 31 at London Velopark. This class is for blind and visually impaired cyclists riding with a sighted pilot.

Lee Valley VeloPark
Lee Valley VeloPark is a cycling centre in Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park in Stratford, London, England. It is owned and managed by Lee Valley Regional Park Authority, and it was opened to the public in March 2014. The facility was one of the permanent venues for the 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games.

Lee Valley VeloPark is at the northern end of Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park. It has an indoor velodrome and a BMX racing track, which have been used for the Games, as well as a one-mile (1.6 km) road course and 5 miles (8 km) of mountain bike trails. The park replaces the Eastway Cycle Circuit demolished to make way for it. The facilities built for the Olympics were constructed between 2009 and 2011. The first event in the Velopark was the London round of the 2011 UCI BMX Supercross World Cup series.
Canada at the Hopman Cup
Canada has competed at the Hopman Cup tennis tournament on five occasions, in 2004, 2014, 2015, 2018 and 2025. In 2004, the team of Maureen Drake and Frank Dancevic was defeated in the qualification play-off and as such did not compete in the round robin, except to stand in for the injured Belgium team for the final round robin tie against Hungary. Milos Raonic and Eugenie Bouchard represented Canada in 2014 and finished second in Group A. Bouchard represented Canada once again in 2015, this time with Vasek Pospisil, and ranked second in Group A for the second straight year. Bouchard and Pospisil represented Canada in 2018 and finished last in their group. Bianca Andreescu and Félix Auger-Aliassime represented Canada in 2025, leading Canada to its first ever Hopman Cup title.

2025 Hopman Cup
The Hopman Cup XXXIII was the 33rd edition of the Hopman Cup, a tennis tournament between nations in men's and women's tennis. It took place from 16 to 20 July 2025 on hardcourts in Bari, Italy, at the Fiera Del Levante exhibition and convention centre. After a one-year absence, on 3 April 2025, the International Tennis Federation (ITF) announced that the Hopman Cup would return for the 2025 tennis season in July.
Canada's Bianca Andreescu and Félix Auger-Aliassime defeated Italy's Lucia Bronzetti and Flavio Cobolli in the final to win their country's first Hopman Cup title.
Celtic Rite
The term "Celtic Rite" is applied to the various liturgical rites used in Celtic Christianity in Britain, Ireland and Brittany and the monasteries founded by St. Columbanus and Saint Catald in France, Germany, Switzerland, and Italy during the Early Middle Ages. The term is not meant to imply homogeneity; instead it is used to describe a diverse range of liturgical practices united by lineage and geography.

Áed Sláine
Áed mac Diarmato (died 604), called Áed Sláine (Áed of Slane), was the son of Diarmait mac Cerbaill. Legendary stories exist of Áed's birth. Saint Columba is said to have prophesied his death. His descendants, the Síl nÁedo Sláine—the seed of Áed of Slane—were prominent in 7th and early 8th century Ireland.
Symphyotrichum martii
Symphyotrichum martii (formerly Aster martii) is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae endemic to Minas Gerais, Brazil. It is a perennial, herbaceous, hairless plant whose flowers have about 30 white ray florets.

Glabrousness
Glabrousness (from Latin  glaber 'bald, hairless, shaved, smooth, etc.') is the technical term for a lack of hair, down, setae, trichomes, or other such covering. A glabrous surface may be a natural characteristic of all or part of a plant or animal, or be due to loss because of a physical condition, such as alopecia universalis in humans, which causes hair to fall out or not regrow.
Xianlin University City
Xianlin University City (Chinese: 仙林大学城; pinyin: Xiān Lín Dà Xué Chéng), colloquially known as Xianlin (lit. 'Fairy Forest'), is a community in Nanjing, China, featuring a number of leading higher education institutions. It is located in the middle of Qixia District and to the northeast of Purple Mountain, 15 kilometers (approx. 9 miles) from Xinjiekou, the central business area of the city. Planned in 1995 and established in 2002, Xianlin is the earliest university city in China, followed by other famous higher education hubs like Songjiang University City and Guangzhou University City. Xianlin is the home to 12 higher education institutions, such as Nanjing University, Nanjing Normal University, and Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, enabling them to share academic resources conveniently.

Qixia, Nanjing
Qixia District (simplified Chinese: 栖霞区; traditional Chinese: 棲霞區; pinyin: Qīxiá Qū) is one of 11 districts of Nanjing, the capital of Jiangsu province, China, straddling both sides of the Yangtze River.

It has an area of 80 km2 and a population of 400,000.