hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stacy D. VanDeveer
Stacy D. VanDeveer (born 1967) is an American academic and international relations scholar. He is Professor, Department of Conflict Resolution, Human Security, and Global Governance at the McCormack Graduate School at the University of Massachusetts, Boston. He was Chair of the Department of Political Science and Professor of Political Science at the University of New Hampshire. He has also taught courses with Harvard Extension School and Harvard Summer School, and been a fellow at Harvard University's John F. Kennedy School of Government, Brown University's Transatlantic Academy, UMASS, and UNH London Program. VanDeveer has authored and co-authored over 90 articles, book chapters, reports and six co-edited books on his specialties. His research interests include international relations, comparative politics, LGBT rights, EU and transatlantic politics, humanitarian degradation and connections between environmental and security issues.

Comparative politics
Comparative politics is a field in political science characterized either by the use of the comparative method or other empirical methods to explore politics both within and between countries. Substantively, this can include questions relating to political institutions, political behavior, conflict, and the causes and consequences of economic development. When applied to specific fields of study, comparative politics may be referred to by other names, such as comparative government (the comparative study of forms of government).
Angelo Sala
Angelo Sala (Latin: Angelus Sala) (21 March 1576, Vicenza – 2 October 1637, Bützow) was an Italian doctor and early iatrochemist. He promoted chemical remedies and, drawing on the relative merits of the conflicting chemical and Galenical systems of medicine, dismissed alchemical transmutation and 'universal medicine'; objected to tartar which had deliquesced being called an 'oil'; observed that metals reacted differently with acids; that sulphur extracted something from the air in order to burn; that silver nitrate darkened on exposure to light; surmised the existence of elementary (atomic) particles; and described newly discovered compounds and methods of preparation. Sala made the first studies on the formation of alcohol from fermenting musts and so is regarded as the founder of sugar chemistry.

Oldenburg (city)
Oldenburg (German pronunciation: [ˈɔldn̩bʊʁk] ⓘ; Northern Low Saxon: Ollnborg) is an independent city in the state of Lower Saxony, Germany.  The city is officially named Oldenburg (Oldb) (Oldenburg in Oldenburg) to distinguish from Oldenburg in Holstein.

During the French annexation (1811–1813) in the wake of the Napoleonic war against Britain, it was also known as Le Vieux-Bourg in French. The city is at the rivers Hunte and Haaren, in the northwestern region between the cities of Bremen in the east and Groningen (Netherlands) in the west. According to Germany's 2022 census, the city's population is 176.068 in 2024. Oldenburg is part of the Northwest Metropolitan Region, which is home to approximately 2.8 million people.

The city is the place of origin of the House of Oldenburg. Before the end of the German Empire (1918), it was the administrative centre and residence of the monarchs of Oldenburg.
Premiership Rugby top scorers
This is a list of the top points scorers and top try scorers in each season of Premiership Rugby, England's top division of rugby union. Formed in 1997 as an independent top division the awards form part of Premiership Rugby's end of season awards show.

The points award has been won by 17 different players, with Andy Goode recording the most wins with 4 at three different clubs. Saracens players have won the award most often with four other winners alongside Goode.  The highest points total to win the award was 343 by Barry Everitt in 2001–02.

2001–02 Premiership Rugby
The 2001-02 Zurich Premiership was the 15th season of the top flight of the English domestic rugby union competitions.

Leeds Tykes were promoted to replace the relegated Rotherham.

Halfway through the season, with Leicester odds-on to win their fourth title in succession, it was decided that the winners of the playoffs would be crowned champions.  After a public outcry at moving the goalposts halfway through the tournament, this was not followed through.  Instead, they launched the Zurich Championship, a play off competition involving 8 teams below the champions, providing the winner with a 'wildcard' European qualification.  Leicester did finish top of the league and were crowned champions; their fourth title in succession and their sixth overall.  Gloucester won the eight team Zurich Championship play-offs in 2001–02.

Leeds Tykes finished bottom of the table but avoided relegation due to the inadequacies of Rotherham's ground.
Teagarden
Teagarden is an English surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Charlie Teagarden (1913–1984), American jazz trumpeter; brother of Jack Teagarden

Jack Teagarden (1905–1964), American jazz trombonist and singer

Norma Teagarden (1913–1996), American jazz trombonist; sister of Jack Teagarden

Taylor Teagarden (born 1983), American professional baseball player

Fictional characters

Aurora Teagarden, created by Charlaine Harris

Taylor Teagarden
Taylor Hill Teagarden (born December 21, 1983) is an American former professional baseball catcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 2008 to 2015 for the Texas Rangers, Baltimore Orioles, New York Mets, and Chicago Cubs.
2014–15 ISU Speed Skating World Cup – World Cup 5 – Women's 3000 metres
The women's 3000 metres race of the 2014–15 ISU Speed Skating World Cup 5, arranged in the Vikingskipet arena in Hamar, Norway, was held on 1 February 2015.

Martina Sáblíková of the Czech Republic won, followed by Carlijn Achtereekte of the Netherlands in second place, and Ireen Wüst of the Netherlands in third place. Heather Richardson of the United States won Division B.

In the B division, Marina Zueva of Belarus set a national record as she finished second, and Elena Møller-Rigas of Denmark set a new national junior record.

Carlijn Achtereekte
Carlijn Achtereekte (Dutch pronunciation: [kɑrˈlɛin ˈɑxtərˌeːktə]; born 29 January 1990) is a Dutch former speed skater and current road cyclist, who currently rides for UCI Women's WorldTeam Visma–Lease a Bike. Achtereekte won three silver medals in the 5000 metres at the Dutch Single Distance Championships. At the 2015 World Single Distance Speed Skating Championships in Heerenveen, she won the silver medal at the 5000 metres event behind Martina Sáblíková. Currently Achtereekte is a professional cyclist, competing for Team Jumbo–Visma.

At the 2018 Winter Olympics, her first Olympic Games, Achtereekte took a surprise gold medal in the 3000 metres, leading home team-mates Ireen Wüst and Antoinette de Jong in a Dutch clean sweep of the podium, despite never having won a World Cup race. On 23 March 2018 she was awarded Knight of the Order of Orange-Nassau by King Willem-Alexander.
Gakuen Idolmaster
Gakuen Idolmaster (学園アイドルマスター, Gakuen Aidorumasutā; lit. 'Academy Idolmaster') is a free-to-play roguelike deck-building game developed by QualiArts and published by Bandai Namco Entertainment as a spin-off of The Idolmaster franchise. It was released in Japan on May 16, 2024, for both iOS and Android. A version for Windows was released on March 18, 2025 and is available at DMM Games.

DMM.com
DMM.com LLC (合同会社DMM.com) is a Japan-based electronic commerce and Internet company with a diversified group of businesses that includes online shopping, eikaiwa, and video on demand service. The company manages DMM.com, an online entertainment site that allows users to purchase goods and services like e-books, games, mainstream DVD releases, and 3D printing. As of February 2024, DMM.com had over 45 million registered users.
Roland Griffiths
Roland Redmond Griffiths (July 19, 1946 – October 16, 2023) was an American psychopharmacologist. At Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, he was professor of neuroscience, psychiatry, and behavioral science, and he was the director of the Center for Psychedelic and Consciousness Research.

Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (JHUSOM) is the medical school of Johns Hopkins University, a private research university in Baltimore, Maryland. Established in 1893 following the construction of the Johns Hopkins Hospital, Hopkins became a model for modern medical education. The school is recognized as a major center of biomedical research and is consistently ranked as one of the top medical schools in the United States.

The School of Medicine is located in Baltimore, where it shares a campus in East Baltimore with the School of Nursing, Bloomberg School of Public Health, and Johns Hopkins Hospital, the school's primary teaching hospital. As part of the larger Johns Hopkins Medicine health system, the school is also affiliated with numerous regional hospitals and medical centers including the Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Johns Hopkins Howard County Medical Center, Suburban Hospital in Montgomery County, Sibley Memorial Hospital in Washington, D.C.
Nansen Basin
The Nansen Basin (also Central Basin, formerly Fram Basin) is an abyssal plain with water-depths of around 3 km in the Arctic Ocean and (together with the deeper Amundsen Basin) part of the Eurasian Basin. It is named after Fridtjof Nansen. The Nansen Basin is bounded by the Gakkel Ridge on the one side and by the Barents Sea continental shelf on the other.

The lowest point of the Arctic Ocean lies within the Nansen Basin and has a depth of 4,665 m. The Barents Abyssal Plain is located at the center of the Fram Basin.

Gakkel Ridge
The Gakkel Ridge (formerly known as the Nansen Cordillera and Arctic Mid-Ocean Ridge) is a mid-oceanic ridge, a divergent tectonic plate boundary between the North American Plate and the Eurasian Plate. It is located in the Eurasian Basin of the Arctic Ocean, between Greenland and Siberia. Geologically, it connects the northern end of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge with the Laptev Sea Rift.
Thaddeus Mann
Thaddeus Robert Rudolph Mann CBE FRS (4 December 1908 – 27 November 1993) was a biochemist who made significant contributions to the field of reproductive biology.  He was born in Lwow, Austria-Hungary (now Ukraine) and was educated at Lwow University. He studied medicine at the Johannes Casimirus University in Lwow, obtaining the degrees of Physician in 1932 and Doctor of Medicine in 1934.

He continued his education at the Molteno Institute, Cambridge on a Rockefeller Fellowship, 1935–1937, and remained at the University of Cambridge during the rest of his career. He died in Cambridge.

Mann began his career in the laboratory of Professor Jacob Karol Parnas (1884–1949) in Poland, where he was involved in research on glycolysis and muscle energy metabolism.

He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1951.

He was married to Cecilia Lutwak-Mann, an endocrinologist and physiologist.

Jakub Karol Parnas
Jakub Karol Parnas, also known as Yakov Oskarovich Parnas (Russian: Яков Оскарович Парнас; January 16, 1884 – January 29, 1949) was a prominent Polish–Soviet biochemist who contributed to the discovery of the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway, together with Otto Fritz Meyerhof and Gustav Embden. He became a Soviet activist after the annexation of Western Ukraine in 1939. He was arrested during the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee affair in 1949 and died in the prison, reportedly of heart attack.
GWR 4073 Class 5043 Earl of Mount Edgcumbe
The GWR 4073 Class 5043 Earl of Mount Edgcumbe is a steam locomotive of the GWR 'Castle' Class, built in March 1936. It was originally named Barbury Castle, and was renamed Earl of Mount Edgcumbe in September 1937 (the name coming from the GWR Dukedog Class no 3200/9000). It had a double chimney and 4 row superheater fitted in October 1958.

Its first shed allocation was Old Oak Common; from June 1952 to February 1956 it was based at Carmarthen, before returning again to Old Oak Common. Like all other steam locomotives based there, with the dieselisation of Cardiff Canton TMD it was transferred to Cardiff East Dock shed in September 1962, its last shed allocation.

It was withdrawn in December 1963, and acquired by Woodham Brothers scrapyard in Barry, South Wales in June 1964.

Cardiff Canton TMD
Cardiff Canton TMD is a diesel locomotive traction maintenance depot in Cardiff, Wales. Its depot code is CF. It is operated by Transport for Wales. The depot is used by Transport for Wales fleet, GWR Class 158s and some Cross Country Class 170s.

In steam days the depot was called Cardiff Canton and its shed code was 86C. It was built in 1882 as the main maintenance base for the South Wales Railway and the major Welsh engineering base for the Great Western Railway (GWR). After nationalisation in 1948 it was a heavy overhaul base for British Railways.

After privatisation in the mid-1990s the depot became a joint Arriva Trains Wales and English Welsh & Scottish facility. The EWS depot closed as a maintenance centre from 10 December 2005, but EWS' successor DB Cargo UK still uses the depot for long-term storage and occasional stabling.
Túpac Katari 1
Túpac Katari 1 or TKSat-1 is a telecommunications satellite that the government of Bolivia outsourced to People's Republic of China (PRC) to serve telecommunications in Bolivia, such as mobile, television and Internet use.

It was launched into orbit on 20 December 2013 from the Satellite Launch Center in Xichang, China, with a trial period of a little over three months, and commercial operation starting in March 2014.

It was built on behalf of the Bolivian Space Agency. The China Great Wall Industry Corporation (CGWIC), a subsidiary of the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC), was responsible for the construction (using French, German and USA technology), launch and orbit of the satellite.

The satellite is named after 18th century Bolivian independence activist Túpac Katari.

China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation
The China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC) is a main contractor for the Chinese space program. It is state-owned and has subsidiaries which design, develop and manufacture a range of spacecraft, launch vehicles, and ground equipment. It also has a division for strategic and tactical missile systems.
Fabian Fucan
Fabian Fucan (不干斎, Fukansai; c. 1565–1621) was a Japanese writer who, in his youth, converted from Zen Buddhism to Christianity and back. He wrote tracts at first advocating and later criticizing Christianity in comparison to the other religions of Japan.

Tract (literature)
A tract is a literary work and, in current usage, often religious in nature. The notion of what constitutes a tract has changed over time; by the early 21st century, the term refers to a brief pamphlet with religious or political themes. Tracts are often either left for someone to find or distributed as a medium of mass communication in the context of proselytism. However, there have been times in history when the term also implied much longer, tome-like works. The derivative tractate of scripture or the Talmud is the equivalent in Hebrew literature to a chapter of the Christian Bible.
Clan Stewart
Clan Stewart (Gaelic: Stiùbhart) is a Scottish Highland and Lowland clan. The clan is recognised by Court of the Lord Lyon; however, it does not have a clan chief recognised by the Lord Lyon King of Arms. Because the clan has no chief it can be considered an armigerous clan; however, the Earls of Galloway are now considered to be the principal branch of this clan, and the crest and motto of The Earls of Galloway's arms are used in the Clan Stewart crest badge. The Court of the Lord Lyon recognises two other Stewart/Stuart clans, Clan Stuart of Bute and Clan Stewart of Appin. Stuart of Bute is the only one of the three clans at present which has a recognised chief.

Scottish clan chief
The Scottish Gaelic word clann means children. In early times, and possibly even today, Scottish clan members believed themselves to descend from a common ancestor, the founder of the clan, after whom the clan is named. The clan chief (ceannard cinnidh) is the representative of this founder, and represents the clan. In the Scottish clan system, a chief is greater than a chieftain (ceann-cinnidh), a designation applied to heads of branches of a clan. Scottish clans that no longer have a clan chief are referred to as armigerous clans.
Colt Automatic Rifle
The Colt Automatic Rifle or Colt Light Machine Gun is a 5.56 mm NATO, open-bolt, automatic squad automatic weapon developed by Colt Defense. It is based on the M16A2/A4, and has a distinctive squared-off handguard, vertical grip, carrying handle and integrated bipod.

It is one of many squad automatic weapon-type firearms that have been developed from the Armalite AR-15 that use the Stoner bolt and carrier piston system. The family name was derived from the original AR-15 by adding "Colt", resulting in the CAR-15, to stand for Colt Automatic Rifle, even though the "AR" in AR-15 stands for Armalite Rifle, the original manufacturer. The CAR-15 weapons system consisted of the AR-15 and five variations, including the Colt Machine Gun and CAR-15 Heavy Assault Rifle.

Colt Defense
Colt Defense LLC, together with its subsidiaries, is an American designer, developer and manufacturer of small arms weapons systems for individual soldiers and law enforcement personnel. It is headquartered in West Hartford, Connecticut. The company traces its portfolio of products and services back to Colt's Manufacturing Company and prior to that to Colt's Patent Firearms Manufacturing Company.

The company and its predecessors have supplied small arms weapons systems to the United States Government and other governments throughout the world since the Mexican–American War of 1847.
ABBA: European & Australian Tour
ABBA: European & Australian Tour, also known as ABBA: Live In Australia - 1977 and ABBA: Live 77, was the second concert tour by the Swedish pop group ABBA. Primarily visiting Europe and Australia during 1977, the tour supported the group's fourth studio album, Arrival (1976), and later their compilation Greatest Hits (1975-1976). The tour opened in Oslo, Norway, on 28 January 1977, and closed with two shows on 12 March 1977 in Perth, Australia, having performed 28 shows in 18 cities across 8 countries. It was ABBA's first international concert tour, and was documented on the concert film ABBA: The Movie (1977), filmed during the concerts in Australia.

Arrival (ABBA album)
Arrival is the fourth studio album by the Swedish pop group ABBA. It was originally released in Sweden on 11 October 1976 by Polar Records. It became one of ABBA's most successful albums to date, producing three of their biggest hits: "Dancing Queen", "Money, Money, Money" and "Knowing Me, Knowing You". The track "Fernando", which had been released as a single in March 1976, was included on the Australian and New Zealand versions of the album. Arrival was the best-selling album of 1977 in the United Kingdom and was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America.

In 2024, the album was selected for preservation in the United States National Recording Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".
Canton of Le Havre-2
The canton of Le Havre-2 is an administrative division of the Seine-Maritime department, in northern France. Its borders were modified at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Le Havre.

It consists of the following communes:

Harfleur

Le Havre (partly)

Montivilliers

Harfleur
Harfleur (pronounced [aʁflœʁ]) is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy region of northern France.

It was the principal seaport in north-western France for six centuries, until Le Havre was built about five kilometres (three miles) downstream in the sixteenth century to take advantage of anchorages less prone to siltation. Harfleur is now on the eastern edge of Le Havre's urban area.
Pablo Andrés Ibáñez
Pablo Andrés Ibáñez (born 28 October 1998) is a Salvadoran athlete specialising in the 400 metres hurdles. He represented his country at the 2017, 2022 and 2023 World Championships without advancing from the heats.

2017 World Championships in Athletics
The 2017 IAAF World Championships, the sixteenth edition of the IAAF World Championships, were held from 4 to 13 August at London Stadium in London, United Kingdom. London was officially awarded the championships on 11 November 2011.
Gloria (Kendrick Lamar and SZA song)
"Gloria" is a song by rapper Kendrick Lamar and singer-songwriter SZA. It is the closing track of Lamar's sixth studio album, GNX (2024). It was produced by Sounwave, Jack Antonoff and Dominik "Deats" Patrzek.

Sounwave
Mark Anthony Spears (born February 28, 1986), known professionally as Sounwave, is an American record producer and songwriter. He is a frequent collaborator of rapper Kendrick Lamar, having worked on each of his projects since his 2009 self-titled extended play. Sounwave has also worked with artists such as Beyoncé, Taylor Swift, Kali Uchis, Schoolboy Q, Mac Miller, Chloe x Halle, and Bleachers. He has won eight Grammy Awards, becoming the first rap producer to win  Record of the Year in consecutive years (2025-2026).
Wil Robinson
Wilbert Robinson Jr. (born December 25, 1949) is an American former American Basketball Association (ABA) player. In his senior year at West Virginia University, Robinson was selected to the AP All-American Third Team. Robinson was taken with the seventh pick in the fourth round of the 1972 NBA draft, however he never played in the NBA. Robinson played one season in the ABA for the Memphis Tams, averaging 8.6 points, 2.9 assists, and 1.8 rebounds per game.

Memphis Sounds
The Memphis Sounds were an American professional sports franchise that played in Memphis, Tennessee from 1970 until 1975 as a member of the American Basketball Association (ABA). The team was first founded as the New Orleans Buccaneers in 1967.

Known during their time in Memphis as the Memphis Pros, Memphis Tams, and finally, Sounds, they played their home games at the Mid-South Coliseum.
Josh Meekings
Josh Meekings (born 2 September 1992) is an English professional footballer and coach who plays as a central defender for Highland League club Clachnacuddin. Meekings has previously played for Ipswich Town, Inverness Caledonian Thistle, Dundee, Wealdstone and Brora Rangers, the latter of whom Meekings was also player-assistant manager for.

North of Scotland Cup
The North of Scotland Cup is a knock-out tournament for football teams in membership of the North of Scotland Football Association. The teams involved are based in the Highlands and Moray and membership consists of senior clubs from the Scottish Professional Football League (SPFL), Highland Football League and North Caledonian League.
Horodnia Raion
Horodnia Raion (Ukrainian: Городнянський район) was a raion (district) of Chernihiv Oblast, northern Ukraine. Its administrative centre was located at the town of Horodnia. The raion was abolished on 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Chernihiv Oblast to five. The area of Horodnia Raion was merged into Chernihiv Raion. The last estimate of the raion population was 26,850 (2020 est.)

At the time of disestablishment, the raion consisted of two hromadas:

Horodnia urban hromada with the administration in Horodnia;

Tupychiv rural hromada with the administration in the selo of Tupychiv.

Chernihiv Oblast
Chernihiv Oblast (Ukrainian: Чернігівська область, romanized: Chernihivska oblast), also referred to as Chernihivshchyna (Ukrainian: Чернігівщина), is an oblast (province) in northern Ukraine. The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Chernihiv. There are 1,511 settlements in the oblast, with a total population of 959,315 (2022 estimate).