hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Quantum circuit cutting
Quantum circuit cutting is a method to partition a large quantum circuit into smaller, more manageable parts. In particular, during the NISQ era of quantum computing the execution of quantum circuits is limited by the size, i.e., number of qubits, as well as their high susceptibility to noise. Therefore it is desirable to partition a quantum circuit into smaller chunks, run them on possibly smaller quantum devices and then to perform postprocessing to retrieve results which are close to the results one would expect from the uncut circuit. It has been shown in experiments, that the application of circuit cutting can indeed reduce the impact of noise.

Qubit
In quantum computing, a qubit (/ˈkjuːbɪt/) or quantum bit is a basic unit of quantum information; a binary qudit – the quantum version of the classic binary bit physically realized with a two-state device. A qubit is a two-state (or two-level) quantum-mechanical system, one of the simplest quantum systems displaying the peculiarity of quantum mechanics. Examples include the spin of the electron in which the two levels can be taken as spin up and spin down; or the polarization of a single photon in which the two spin states (left-handed and the right-handed circular polarization) can also be measured as horizontal and vertical linear polarization. In a classical system, a bit would have to be in one state or the other. However, quantum mechanics allows the qubit to be in a coherent superposition of multiple states simultaneously, a property that is fundamental to quantum mechanics and quantum computing.
Micropolis
Micropolis can refer to:

A United States micropolitan area

Micropolis Corporation, a hard disk manufacturer

Micropolis (La Cité des Insectes), an insect museum in France

The original working title for SimCity, a computer game

Micropolis (video game), a re-release of the SimCity source code under the terms of the GNU General Public License

Micropolis (Besançon), a sector of the area of Besançon (Doubs, France)

Micropolis Corporation
Micropolis Corporation (styled as MICROPΩLIS) was a disk drive company located in Chatsworth, California and founded in 1976. Micropolis initially manufactured high capacity (for the time) hard-sectored 5.25-inch floppy drives and controllers, later manufacturing hard drives using SCSI and ESDI interfaces.
M1 (Pretoria)
The M1 road is a short metropolitan route in the City of Tshwane in Gauteng, South Africa. It connects Pretoria West and the Pretoria CBD with Pretoria North via Mayville.

It is an alternative route to the R101 route for travel between Pretoria CBD and Pretoria North.

City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality
The City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality (Afrikaans: Stad Tshwane Metropolitaanse Munisipaliteit; Tswana: Mmasepala wa Toropokgolo ya Tshwane; Northern Sotho: Mmasepala wa Toropokgolo ya Tshwane), also known as the City of Tshwane (/tswɑːnɪ/), is the metropolitan municipality that forms the local government of northern Gauteng in South Africa. The metropolitan area is centred on the city of Pretoria with surrounding towns and localities included in the local government area.
Globalism
Globalism has multiple meanings. In political science, it is used to describe "attempts to understand all of the interconnections of the modern world—and to highlight patterns that underlie (and explain) them". While primarily associated with world-systems, it can be used to describe other global trends. The concept of globalism is also classically used to focus on ideologies of globalisation (the subjective meanings) instead of its processes (the objective practices); in this sense, "globalism" is to globalisation what "nationalism" is to nationalisation.

Globalism as a concept dates from the 1940s and became a dominant set of ideologies in the late twentieth century.

Manfred B. Steger
Manfred B. Steger is an American academic and author. He is a Professor of Sociology at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa.

Steger is most known for his work in social and political theory, primarily focusing on the crucial role of ideas, images, language, beliefs, and other symbolic systems in shaping discourses of globalization.

Steger is the recipient of the 2003 Michael Harrington Book Award from the American Political Science Association. Together with Terrell Carver, he is the book series editor of Globalization, which has resulted in 30 books on the subject.
Frehiwat Goshu
Frehiwat Goshu (born 28 June 1990) is an Ethiopian long-distance runner who specializes in the 3000 metres.

Her international debut came at the 2007 African Junior Athletics Championships, where she came fourth  over 1500 metres. She won the bronze medal in the 3000 metres at the 2008 World Junior Championships and finished ninth at the 2009 World Athletics Final. She also finished fourth in the junior race at the 2009 World Cross Country Championships. She won the 2010 Cross Internacional Juan Muguerza and in 2011 was the winner at the Madrid Half Marathon and runner-up at the Madrid 10K. She took second place behind Priscah Cherono at the Cross Internacional de la Constitución in December 2011.

Her personal best times are 4:13.54 minutes in the 1500 metres, achieved in July 2009 in Barcelona; 8:50.38 minutes in the 3000 metres, achieved in September 2009 in Rieti; and 15:21.44 minutes in the 5000 metres, achieved in June 2009 in Málaga.

2008 World Junior Championships in Athletics
The 2008 World Junior Championships in Athletics were the 2008 version of the World Junior Championships in Athletics. It was held in Bydgoszcz in Poland at the Zdzisław Krzyszkowiak Stadium between 8 and 13 July 2008. Previously Bydgoszcz hosted the 1999 World Youth Championships.

The United States topped the medal table with 17 medals overall, including 11 golds, ahead of Germany and Kenya.
Aurora's 2024 Norwegian tour
The 2024 Norwegian Tour was a brief ten-show promotional tour by Norwegian singer-songwriter Aurora, in support of her fourth and fifth studio albums, The Gods We Can Touch (2022) and What Happened to the Heart? (2024), the latter not having yet been released at the time. It began on March 3 in Hamar and ended on March 23 in Oslo. It was followed by her 80-show What Happened to the Earth? also in 2024.

The tour was announced in 8 November 2023, the same day as the release of the lead single Your Blood, with dates being released in the same day.

Hamar
Hamar [ˈhɑ̂ːmɑr] ⓘ is a town in Hamar Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. Hamar is the administrative centre of Hamar Municipality. It is located in the traditional region of Hedmarken. The town is located on the shores of Mjøsa, Norway's largest lake. Historically, it was the principal city of the former Hedmark county, now part of the larger Innlandet county.

The town of Hamar lies in the southwestern part of Hamar Municipality. The 14.21-square-kilometre (5.49 sq mi) town has a population (2024) of 30,030 and a population density of 2,113 inhabitants per square kilometre (5,470/sq mi). The urban area of the town actually extends over the municipal borders into both Ringsaker Municipality and Stange Municipality. About 1.7 square kilometres (420 acres) and 2,438 residents within the town are actually located in Ringsaker Municipality and another 0.3 square kilometres (74 acres) and 332 residents of the town are located within Stange Municipality.
Subia people
The Ikuhane people, also known as the Subiya or Subia, are a Bantu-speaking ethnic group native to Southern Africa. They are part of the larger Bantu-Botatwe people ethnic group and have significant populations in Botswana, Namibia, and Zambia. Their language is known as the Kuhane language (Chikuhane) or the Subia language (Chisubia), but Silozi is used as the formal language in official, educational and media contexts.

Kafue
Kafue is a town on the T2 road in the Lusaka Province of Zambia and it lies on the north bank of the Kafue River, after which it is named. It is the southern gateway to the central Zambian plateau on which Lusaka and the mining towns of Kabwe and the Copperbelt are located.
Texas's 28th House of Representatives district
District 28 is a district in the Texas House of Representatives. It was created in the 3rd Legislature (1849–1851).

The district is wholly within Fort Bend County and accounts for nearly a quarter (24%) of the counties representation in the chamber. It encompasses Fulshear, Weston Lakes, nearly the entirety of Rosenberg, and just over half of Sugar Land. The district also includes a small portion of Katy, with a large portion of the population in unincorporated areas.

Rosenberg, Texas
Rosenberg is a city in the U.S. state of Texas, within the Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land metropolitan area and Fort Bend County. It was named for Henry Von Rosenberg, who immigrated to Texas from Switzerland in 1843. Von Rosenberg was an important figure in the settlement of Fort Bend County and the Gulf Coast region. The population was 38,282 at the 2020 census, up from 30,618 at the 2010 census. The community holds the Fort Bend County fair in October. Rosenberg is adjacent to the city of Richmond, the Fort Bend county seat.
2007 United Kingdom budget
The 2007 United Kingdom Budget, officially known as Budget 2007: Building Britain's long-term future: Prosperity and fairness for families, was formally delivered by Gordon Brown in the House of Commons on 21 March 2007. It would turn out to be Brown's last Budget as Chancellor of the Exchequer, becoming Prime Minister on 27 June 2007.

The main changes were that basic rate of income tax would fall from 22% to 20% from April 2008 and that the lower starter rate of 10% would be removed. Vehicle Excise Duty on the highest-polluting vehicles would go up to £300 and to £400 from April 2008, with the least-polluting vehicles to have their duty reduced to £35. The savings limit for Individual savings account contributions would be increased to £7,200 from April 2008. The Inheritance Tax threshold would rise from £285,000 to £350,000 in 2010.

Inheritance tax in the United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom, inheritance tax is a transfer tax. It was introduced with effect from 18 March 1986, replacing capital transfer tax. The UK has the fourth highest inheritance tax rate in the world, according to conservative think tank, the Tax Foundation, though only a very small proportion of the population pays it; 3.7% of deaths recorded in the UK in the 2020–21 tax year resulted in inheritance tax liabilities.
Horatio Street
Horatio Street was a football ground in the Roker area of Sunderland. It was the fourth home of Sunderland A.F.C., hosting the club between 1883 and 1884.

Known also as 'Dolly Field'  and 'Cooper Street', it was Sunderland's first home North of the River Wear. The first game was an 8–1 victory over Castle Eden on September 29, 1883. The ground hosted 11 Sunderland matches, eight friendlies and three competitive matches in the inaugural Durham Challenge Cup which Sunderland went on to win. Sunderland won all but one of their games as Horatio Street, losing their final game in April 1884 against a District XI made up of players from local junior teams.

Horatio Street was a field open to the public, so Sunderland were not counting or charging spectators. With interest in the game increasing in the town and nationally, in the summer of 1885 Sunderland AFC relocated to Abbs Field, where they could begin to charge spectators an entrance fee.

River Wear
The River Wear (/ˈwɪər/ ⓘ, WEER) in Northern England rises in the Pennines and flows eastwards, mostly through County Durham, to the North Sea in the City of Sunderland. At 60 mi (97 km) long, it is one of the region's longest rivers. The Wear wends in a steep valley through the cathedral city of Durham and gives its name to Weardale in its upper reach and Wearside by its mouth.
Robert Trent Jones Golf Trail Championship
The Robert Trent Jones Golf Trail Championship was a golf tournament on the Korn Ferry Tour. It was played in April 2019 at the Senator Course of the Robert Trent Jones Golf Trail in Prattville,  Alabama. Lanto Griffin won the tournament, defeating Robby Shelton in a playoff. Both players finished the Web.com Tour regular season inside the top 25 on the points list, thereby graduating to the PGA Tour.

Robby Shelton
Robert Shelton IV (born August 25, 1995) is an American professional golfer from Mobile, Alabama.

Shelton attended and played college for three years at the University of Alabama from 2013 to 2016. He turned professional in 2016 after his junior year.

Shelton played on the 2015 Walker Cup team where he posted a record of 2–1. He also played on the U.S. Palmer Cup team in 2014 and 2015.

As an amateur, he finished tied for third at the 2015 Barbasol Championship on the PGA Tour. This was the highest finish by an amateur in a PGA Tour event since Phil Mickelson in 1991. He also qualified for the 2014 U.S. Open where he missed the cut.

Shelton won the Southern Hills Plantation on the Swing Thought Tour in February 2017, his first professional win. He followed it up with a June win on the PGA Tour Canada en route to finishing second on the tour's money list to earn a promotion to the Web.com Tour.
Robert Austerlitz
Robert Paul Austerlitz (December 13, 1923 – September 9, 1994) was a Romanian-American linguist. Born in Bucharest, he emigrated to the United States in 1938. In June 1950, he received a Master of Arts from Columbia University, where he studied under André Martinet. With funding from the Ford Foundation, he studied the Uralic and Altaic languages at the University of Helsinki from 1951 to 1953 and Nivkh and Hokkaido at the University of Tokyo from 1953 to 1954.

André Martinet
André Martinet (French: [ɑ̃.dʁe maʁ.ti.nɛ]; 12 April 1908 – 16 July 1999) was a French linguist, influential due to his work on structural linguistics. In linguistic theory, Martinet is known especially for his studies on linguistic economy and double articulation.
Hong Ngai (politician)
Pu Hong Ngai (Burmese: ဟုန်ငိုင်း) served as the Chief Minister of Chin State, Myanmar from 2011 to 2016. Hong Ngai is a retired Brigadier General and former chairman of Chin State Peace and Development Council.

A member of the Union Solidarity and Development Party, he was elected to represent Mindat Township Constituency No. 2 as a Chin State Hluttaw representative in the 2010 Burmese general election.

Chin State Hluttaw
Chin State Hluttaw (Burmese: ချင်းပြည်နယ်လွှတ်တော်) is the legislature of the Burmese state of Chin State. It is a unicameral body, consisting of 24 members, including 18 elected members and 6 military representatives.  As of February 2016, the Hluttaw was led by speaker Zo Bawi of the National League for Democracy (NLD).

As of the 2015 general election, the NLD won the most contested seats (50%) in the legislature. Nevertheless, the NLD was unable to win an absolute majority in the legislature due to the 6 appointed military representatives in the legislature.
Self Immolation (record label)
Self Immolation is a record label and publishing company run by J. G. Thirlwell.  Originally an actual label for Thirlwell's self-released early Foetus EPs and albums, Self Immolation became more akin to a vanity label for Thirlwell's releases on Some Bizzare Records and Wax Trax! Records.  Most Self Immolation releases are identified by a call number beginning with a Foetal-inspired "WOMB" designator.

Beginning in the early 1990s, Thirlwell began a second personal label, Ectopic Entertainment (often shortened to Ectopic Ents).  Its exact relation to Self Immolation is unclear: initially called a "subsidiary" of Self Immolation, it appears to have later wholly replaced Self Immolation.  Coming full circle, Thirlwell's self-released Manorexia project is released on Ectopic Ents.

Vanity label
Informally, a vanity label (compare vanity press) is a record label founded as a wholly  or partially owned subsidiary of another, larger, and better established (at least at the time of the vanity label's founding) record label, where the subsidiary is (at least nominally) controlled by a successful recording artist, designed to allow this artist to release music by other artists they admire.

The parent label handles the production and distribution and funding of the vanity label, but the album is usually released with the vanity brand name prominent. Usually, the artist/head of the vanity label is signed to the parent label, and this artist's own recordings will be released under the vanity brand name.

Creating a vanity label can be an attractive idea for the parent label, primarily as a "perk" to keep a successful artist on the label's roster happy and as a venue to bring fellow artists to the public's attention.
Mesenchymal–epithelial transition
A mesenchymal–epithelial transition (MET) is a reversible biological process that involves the transition from motile, multipolar or spindle-shaped mesenchymal cells to planar arrays of polarized cells called epithelia. MET is the reverse process of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and it has been shown to occur in normal development, induced pluripotent stem cell reprogramming, cancer metastasis and wound healing.

Somitogenesis
Somitogenesis is the process by which somites form. Somites are bilaterally paired blocks of paraxial mesoderm that form along the anterior-posterior axis of the developing embryo in vertebrates. The somites give rise to skeletal muscle, cartilage, tendons, endothelium, and dermis.
Heriotdale
Heriotdale is a suburb of Johannesburg, South Africa. The suburb lying south of Malvern and north of Rosherville, is an industrial area. It is located in Region F of the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality.

City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality
The City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality (Zulu: UMasipala weDolobhakazi laseGoli) is a metropolitan municipality that manages the local governance of Johannesburg, the largest city in South Africa. It is divided into several branches and departments in order to expedite services for the city. Zulu is the most spoken home language at 23.4% followed by English at 20.1%.

Johannesburg is a divided municipality: the poor mostly live in the southern suburbs or on the peripheries of the far north, and the middle and upper class live largely in the suburbs of the center and north. As of 2012, unemployment was near 25% and most young people were out of work. Around 20% of the municipality lives in abject poverty in informal settlements that lack proper roads, electricity, or any other kind of direct municipal service.
The Mummy's Foot
The Mummy's Foot (French: Le Pied de momie) is a horror short story by the French writer Théophile Gautier, first published in 1840.  It relates the fantastical tale of a contemporary man and the adventures which befall him when he ventures into a Parisian curiosity shop and buys the four-thousand-year-old foot of Princess Hermonthis.

Théophile Gautier
Pierre Jules Théophile Gautier (US: /ɡoʊˈtjeɪ/ goh-TYAY; French: [pjɛʁ ʒyl teɔfil ɡotje]; 30 August 1811 – 23 October 1872) was a French poet, dramatist, novelist, journalist, and art and literary critic.

While an ardent defender of Romanticism, Gautier's work is difficult to classify and remains a point of reference for many subsequent literary traditions such as Parnassianism, Symbolism, Decadence and Modernism. He was widely esteemed by writers as disparate as Balzac, Baudelaire, the Goncourt brothers, Flaubert, Pound, Eliot, James, Proust and Wilde.
Wola Murowana
Wola Murowana [ˈvɔla murɔˈvana] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sitkówka-Nowiny, within Kielce County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) south-west of Osiedle-Nowiny and 12 km (7 mi) south-west of the regional capital Kielce.

Kielce County
Kielce County (Polish: powiat kielecki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, south-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Kielce, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The county contains five towns: Chęciny, 14 km (9 mi) south-west of Kielce, Chmielnik, 32 km (20 mi) south of Kielce, Daleszyce, 17 km (11 mi) south-east of Kielce, Bodzentyn, 25 km (16 mi) east of Kielce, Morawica, 13,7 km (8,5 mi) south of Kielce.

The county covers an area of 2,247.45 square kilometres (867.7 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 206,856, out of which the population of Chęciny is 4,444, that of Chmielnik is 3,681, that of Daleszyce is 2,896, that of Bodzentyn is 2,233, that of Morawica is 1,711, and the rural population is 191,891.
Anglican Diocese of New Bussa
The Anglican Diocese of New Bussa is one of eight within the Anglican Province of Kwara, itself one of 14 ecclesiastical provinces within the Church of Nigeria. The current bishop is the Right Rev. Israel Amoo.

Church of Nigeria
The Church of Nigeria, officially styled the Church of Nigeria (Anglican Communion), is the Anglican church in Nigeria. The church claims to be the second-largest province in the Anglican Communion, as measured by baptised membership (not by attendance), after the Church of England with 18 million members.

Since 2002 the Church of Nigeria has been organised into 14 ecclesiastical provinces. It has rapidly increased the number of its dioceses and bishops from 91 in 2002 to 161 as at January 2013 and 176 from September 2025. The administrative headquarters are located in Abuja. Archbishop Henry Ndukuba became its primate in 2020.
Franz Joseph Julius Wilbrand
Franz Joseph Julius Wilbrand (6 November 1811 in Giessen – 6 July 1894 in Giessen) was a German forensic physician. He was the father of chemist Julius Wilbrand (1839–1906) who discovered TNT and ophthalmologist Hermann Wilbrand (1851–1935).

He studied medicine at the University of Giessen where his teachers included his father, anatomist Johann Bernhard Wilbrand (1779–1846) and his uncle, obstetrician Ferdinand von Ritgen. After graduation (1833), he remained at Giessen as an assistant at the surgical hospital. In 1840 he became an associate professor, and three years later, attained a full professorship in forensic medicine and hygiene at the university.

He was among the first physicians to use creosote for treatment of scrofula, publishing the treatise Beiträge zur Würdigung der arzneilichen Wirkung des Kreosot's (1834) as a result. In 1840 he coined the term "horseshoe-shaped commissure of Wernekinck" as a name for the decussation of the brachium conjunctivum.

University of Giessen
University of Giessen, official name Justus Liebig University Giessen (German: Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen), is a large public research university in Giessen, Hesse, Germany. It is one of the oldest institutions of higher education in the German-speaking world. It is named after its most famous faculty member, Justus von Liebig, the founder of modern agricultural chemistry and inventor of artificial fertiliser. It covers the areas of arts/humanities, business, dentistry, economics, law, medicine, science, social sciences and veterinary medicine. Its university hospital, which has two sites, Giessen and Marburg (the latter of which is the teaching hospital of the University of Marburg), is the only private university hospital in Germany.