hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Michael Gow (British Army officer)
General Sir James Michael Gow, GCB (3 June 1924 – 26 March 2013) was a senior British Army officer who served in the Second World War and reached high office in the 1980s, commanding the British Army of the Rhine.

General (United Kingdom)
General (or full general to distinguish it from the lower general officer ranks) is the highest rank achievable by serving officers of the British Army and the Royal Marines.  The rank can also be held by Royal Marines officers in tri-service posts, for example, Generals Sir Gordon Messenger and Sir Gwyn Jenkins, former Vice-Chiefs of the Defence Staff. It ranks above lieutenant-general and, in the Army, is subordinate to the rank of field marshal, which is now awarded as an honorary rank only.  The rank of general has a NATO-code of OF-9, and is a four-star rank.  It is equivalent to a full admiral in the Royal Navy or an air chief marshal in the Royal Air Force.

Officers holding the ranks of general, lieutenant-general and major-general are 'general officers' and may be addressed as 'general'.
Indian Federal Democratic Party
The Indian Federal Democratic Party was a political party in India. In the 2004 Lok Sabha elections IFDP won one seat from Kerala, where P. C. Thomas defeated Jose K. Mani of Kerala Congress (M). That was the first parliamentary electoral victory of a National Democratic Alliance member in the state.

In 2005, IFDP merged with the Kerala Congress of P. J. Joseph. A breakaway faction of IFDP led by M. P. George split from the party. In 2014, this faction  merged with All India Forward Bloc.

All India Forward Bloc
The All India Forward Bloc (abbr. AIFB) is a left-wing nationalist political party in India. It emerged as a faction within the Indian National Congress in 1939, led by Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose, and was strongest in West Bengal. The party re-established as an independent political party after the independence of India. During the 1951–1952 and 1957 Indian general election, the party was known as Forward Bloc. The party's current Secretary-General is G. Devarajan. Veteran Indian politicians Sarat Chandra Bose (brother of Subhas Chandra Bose) and Chitta Basu had been the stalwarts of the party in independent India.

Leveraging Netaji's sway over the populace, the organization had established its electoral footprint after Independence in states like Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, and Assam, with West Bengal as its primary bastion. However, after eight decades, the party, now confined to select regions, lacks any Members of Parliament or Legislative Assembly representatives.
Polyura dolon
Polyura dolon, the stately nawab or stately rajah (because it was formerly placed in Charaxes), is a butterfly found in the Indomalayan realm belonging to the rajahs and nawabs group, that is, the Charaxinae group of the brush-footed butterflies family.

Indomalayan realm
The Indomalayan realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms. It extends across most of South and Southeast Asia and into the southern parts of East Asia.

Also called the Oriental realm by biogeographers, Indomalaya spreads all over the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia to lowland southern China, and through Indonesia as far as Sumatra, Java, Bali, and Borneo, east of which lies the Wallace line, the realm boundary named after Alfred Russel Wallace which separates Indomalaya from Australasia. Indomalaya also includes the Philippines, lowland Taiwan, and Japan's Ryukyu Islands.

Most of Indomalaya was originally covered by forest, and includes tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests, with tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests predominant in much of India and parts of Southeast Asia. The tropical forests of Indomalaya are highly variable and diverse, with economically important trees, especially in the families Dipterocarpaceae, Ficus, and Fabaceae.
Giovanni Schiaparelli
Giovanni Virginio Schiaparelli ForMemRS HFRSE (/ˌskæpəˈrɛli, ˌʃæp-/ SKAP-ə-REL-ee, SHAP-, US also /skiˌɑːp-/ skee-AHP-, Italian: [dʒoˈvanni virˈdʒiːnjo skjapaˈrɛlli]; 14 March 1835 – 4 July 1910) was an Italian astronomer and science historian. Schiaparelli established the Martian system of nomenclature still in use today; before him, features of the planet bore the names of contemporary astronomers, similar to the lunar map of van Langren that preceded that of Hevelius.

Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society
The Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society is the highest award given by the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS). It usually recognises lifetime achievement in the fields supported by the RAS, but has occasionally been given for an individual discovery.

Two medals are awarded per year, one in astronomy (including astrophysics, cosmology etc.) and one in geophysics (including planetary science, tectonics etc.) The medal features an image of the 40-foot telescope constructed by Sir William Herschel, the first President of the RAS. All recipients are listed below.
Euchaita
Euchaita (Εὐχάϊτα) was a Byzantine city and diocese in Helenopontus, the Armeniac Theme (northern Asia Minor), and an important stop on the Ancyra-Amasea Roman road.

Euchaita gained prominence during the later Roman and Byzantine periods as a significant cultic center for the veneration of Anatolian saint Theodore Tiron. Between the 7th and 11th centuries, following the early Muslim conquests, it transitioned into a military outpost. However, with the Turkish conquest of Anatolia in the late 11th century, Euchaita's importance diminished. In Ottoman times, Euchaita was mostly depopulated, but there was a remnant village known as Avhat or Avkat.

Today the Turkish village Beyözü, in the Anatolian province of Çorum (in the subprovince of Mecitözü, Turkey), partly lies on the ruins.

Cult (religious practice)
Cult is the care (Latin: cultus) owed to deities or saints and their temples, shrines, or churches; cult is embodied in ritual and ceremony. Its presence or former presence is made concrete in temples, shrines and churches, and cult images, including votive offerings at votive sites.
Hinakaimauliʻawa
Hinakaimauliʻawa (also spelled as Hina-kai-mauli-ʻawa) was an ancient Hawaiian High Chiefess, a Princess of Koʻolau Range on the island of Oahu. She was a member of the royal house of Maweke, who was of Tahitian ancestry, and also the first cousin of very High Chiefess Nuʻakea of Molokai.

Her parents were Chief Kalehenui of Koʻolau and his spouse, Chiefess Kahinao (Kahinalo). Hinakaimauliʻawa is their only known child mentioned in the chants and was named after goddess Hina.

Hinakaimauliʻawa married a man named Kahiwakapu (Ka-hiwa-ka-ʻapu), whose parents are unknown.

The only known child of Hinakaimauliʻawa and her husband was Princess Mualani of Koʻolau, a successor of her mother.

Koʻolau Range
Koʻolau Range (koʻolau means "windward" in Hawaiian) is the dormant fragmented remnant of the eastern or windward shield volcano of the Hawaiian island of Oʻahu. It was designated a National Natural Landmark in 1972.
Anastasy Vonsiatsky
Anastasy Andreyevich Vonsiatsky (Russian: Анаста́сий Андре́евич Вонся́цкий, Polish: Anastazy Wąsiacki; June 12, 1898 – February 5, 1965), better known in the United States as Anastase Andreivitch Vonsiatsky, was a Russian anti-Bolshevik émigré and fascist leader based in the United States from the 1920s. He was the founder of the All-Russian Fascist Organisation.

He became a naturalized American citizen while leading a splinter far-right organization, the Russian National Revolutionary Labor and Workers Peasant Party of Fascists. The headquarters of the RFO were based in Putnam, Connecticut. In 1942, following the United States's entry into war with Germany and Japan, Vonsiatsky was charged with supporting secret contacts with agents of Nazi Germany. He pleaded guilty to espionage and was sentenced to 5 years in prison. Released in 1946, Vonsiatsky lived out the remainder of his life in the United States. He died in St. Petersburg, Florida, in 1965.

German American Bund
The German American Bund, or the German American Federation (German: Amerikadeutscher Bund, Amerikadeutscher Volksbund, AV), was a German-American Nazi organization which was established in 1936 as a successor to the Friends of New Germany (FONG, FDND in German) and disbanded in 1941 when the United States entered World War II. The organization chose its new name in order to emphasize its American credentials after the press accused it of being unpatriotic. The Bund was allowed to consist only of American citizens of German descent. Its main goal was to promote a favorable view of Nazi Germany.
Olena Rozdobudko
Olena Mykhailivna Rozdobudko (born 28 July 1989) is a Ukrainian athlete. Master of Sports of Ukraine of international class. Participant of the 2016 Summer Paralympic Games. Participant of the 2018 European Athletics Championships.

Rozdobudko has set multiple records in long jumps: 2012 Paralympic games record (6.00 m), 2013 World and Europe records (6.09 m), 2014 record of Ukraine (5.57 m). Rozdobudko is engaged in athletics at the Zaporizhia Regional Center for Physical Culture and Sports for the Disabled "Invasport."

Rozdobudko's coaches are Oksana Morozova and Viktor Derkach.

2018 European Athletics Championships
The 2018 European Athletics Championships were held in Berlin, Germany, from 6 to 12 August 2018. The championships were part of the first European Championships with other events happening in the United Kingdom.

For the second Championships in a row, the Russian team did not participate; this was due to the suspension of the All-Russia Athletic Federation by the International Association of Athletics Federations. However, several athletes were cleared by the IAAF to compete as Authorised Neutral Athletes under the flag of the European Athletic Association. Mariya Lasitskene became the first such athlete to win a gold medal, in the women's high jump.
Rudolph Hoenger
Rudolph Hoenger (1878–1952) was a pioneer Australian rugby league footballer who played in the 1900s.

Hoegner (known as Kurt Henger) played in the first ever Newtown team, the first game was played against Eastern Suburbs on 20 April 1908 at Wentworth Park. Hoenger had a background in Rugby Union, and played only one season before retiring.

Hoenger died at Cabramatta, New South Wales on 8 August 1952, age 74.

Newtown Jets
The Newtown Jets are a rugby league football club based in Marrickville, a suburb of Sydney's inner west. They currently compete in the NSW Cup competition, having left the top grade after the 1983 NSWRFL season. The Jets' home ground is Henson Park, and their team colours are blue (traditionally royal blue) and white.

Established in 1908, Newtown were one of the founding members of the New South Wales Rugby Football League. They competed continuously in the NSWRFL premiership until their departure in 1983, the first reduction in the League since 1937. Over this period they won the competition three times.
Dolie Glacier
Dolie Glacier (Bulgarian: ледник Долие, romanized: lednik Dolie, IPA: [ˈlɛdniɡ doˈliɛ]) is the 9.5 km long and 2.4 km wide glacier on Pernik Peninsula, Loubet Coast in Graham Land, Antarctica, situated southwest of McCance Glacier and northeast of Blagun Glacier.  It flows northwestwards between Hodge Ridge and Liebig Peak, and joins Wilkinson Glacier.

The glacier is named after the settlement of Dolie in Southern Bulgaria.

Loubet Coast
Loubet Coast is the portion of the west coast of Graham Land in Antarctic Peninsula, extending 158 km between Cape Bellue to the northeast and Bourgeois Fjord to the southwest. South of Loubet Coast is Fallières Coast, north is Graham Coast.

The coast is named after Émile Loubet, President of France during the exploration of the area by the French Antarctic Expedition under Jean-Baptiste Charcot in January 1905.
Forgotten Anthology
Forgotten Anthology is the sixth album by recording artist Ron "Bumblefoot" Thal released in April 2003. It is a compilation CD consisting of previously unreleased tracks recorded between 1995 - 2002. The CD also includes songs originally intended to be included on Thal's 2002 studio album release Uncool as well as alternate versions of songs from the 2000 French only release. Thal mentioned "Heart Attack" as being one of his favorite songs he's ever written. The song "Bagged a Big 1" was written after Thal was arrested for the second time at age 26. The song "Day To Remember" is used as the theme song for That Metal Show.

That Metal Show
That Metal Show is a talk show that premiered on VH1 Classic on November 15, 2008 and ended on May 9, 2015 with a span of 14 seasons. Hosted by Eddie Trunk, Don Jamieson and Jim Florentine, the series features three hosts interviewing musicians from the hard rock and heavy metal genre in addition to artists and non-musicians who are metal fans while various segments intervene throughout the episode.

VH1 Classic discontinued producing more episodes of That Metal Show on January 19, 2016 due to the network's transition to MTV Classic seven months later.
Ramez Ayoub
Ramez Ayoub  is a Canadian Liberal politician, who was elected to represent the riding of Thérèse-De Blainville in the House of Commons of Canada from the 2015 federal election until the 2019 Canadian federal election.

Ayoub attended the Université de Montréal, earning a bachelor's degree in economics. He worked as a real estate broker, and entered politics by serving ten years on the city council of Lorraine, before being elected mayor of Lorraine in 2009, a position he held until his election to Parliament in 2015. Ayoub also served, prior to his election to Parliament, as deputy prefect of Thérèse-De Blainville Regional County Municipality. He was a recipient of the Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal.

Thérèse-De Blainville Regional County Municipality
Thérèse-De Blainville (French pronunciation: [teʁɛz də blɛ̃vil]) is a regional county municipality in the Laurentides region of Quebec, Canada. It is located immediately north of Laval on the north shore of the Rivière des Mille-Îles.

The population according to the 2021 Canadian Census was 163,632.
Adam Rakovsky
Adam Vladislavovich Rakovsky (Russian: Адам Владиславович Раковский; 1879–1941) was a Soviet  physical chemist specializing in chemical thermodynamics;  Doctor of Chemical Sciences (1935, awarded without dissertation defense), Professor (1918), and Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1933).

Doctor of Sciences
A Doctor of Sciences is a higher doctoral degree that was awarded in the Russian Empire, the Soviet Union and many Commonwealth of Independent States countries. It is currently awarded in some post-soviet nations, particularly Russia and Belarus. One of the prerequisites for receiving a Doctor of Sciences degree is obtaining a PhD-equivalent Candidate of Sciences degree. In addition, the Doctor of Sciences conferral also requires applicants to demonstrate significant and outstanding contributions to their research field. This degree is generally regarded as recognition for a lifetime of academic achievements rather than an ordinary academic degree achieved through courses and theses.
Indian Jews in Israel
Indian Jews in Israel are immigrants and descendants of the immigrants of the Indian Jewish communities, who now reside within the State of Israel. Indian Jews who live in Israel include thousands of Cochin Jews and Paradesi Jews of Kerala; thousands of Baghdadi Jews from Bombay and Kolkata; tens of thousands from the Bene Israel of Maharashtra and other parts of British India and the Bnei Menashe of Manipur and Mizoram.

Katamon
Katamon or Qatamon (Hebrew: קטמון; Arabic: قطمون, romanized: Qaṭamūn; Greek: Καταμόνας, romanized: Katamónas; from the Ancient Greek κατὰ τῷ μοναστηρίῳ, katà tôi monastēríōi, 'by the monastery'), officially known as Gonen (Hebrew: גּוֹנֵן, lit. 'Defender'; mainly used in municipal publications), is a neighborhood in south-central Jerusalem. It is built next to an old Greek Orthodox monastery, believed to have been constructed on the home and the tomb of Simeon from the Gospel of Luke.

The neighborhood was established in the early 1900s, shortly before World War I, as a wealthy, predominantly Palestinian Christian neighborhood. During the 1947–48 civil war in Mandatory Palestine, the local population fled the intense fighting in the area and were not allowed to return by the new Israeli state. Instead Katamon was soon repopulated by Jewish refugees.
Ermont
Ermont (French pronunciation: [ɛʁmɔ̃] ⓘ) is a commune in the Val-d'Oise department, in the northern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located 17.2 km (10.7 mi) from the center of Paris. It has around 28,000 inhabitants, which makes Ermont one of the most important cities in Val d'Oise. Ermont has experienced rapid urbanization thanks to railway transport and industrialization, with the population of Ermont being just 9000 after the Second World War to now more than 28,000.

Val-d'Oise
Val-d'Oise (French: [val dwaz] ⓘ; lit. 'Vale of Oise') is a department in the Île-de-France region, Northern France. It was created in 1968 following the split of the Seine-et-Oise department. In 2019, Val-d'Oise had a population of 1,249,674.

It is named after the river Oise, a major tributary of the Seine, which crosses the region after having started in Belgium and flowed through Northeastern France. Val-d'Oise is Île-de-France's northernmost department. Charles de Gaulle Airport, France's main international airport, is partially located in Roissy-en-France, a commune of Val-d'Oise.

Its INSEE and postcode number is 95.
Leo van Doeselaar
Leo van Doeselaar (born 1954, Goes) is a Dutch classical organist and conductor.

Leo van Doeselaar studied the organ (with Albert de Klerk) and piano (with Jan Wijn) at the Amsterdam Sweelinck Conservatory. He was awarded by the Prix d'Excellence in organ in 1979.

He has appeared with many baroque ensembles including those led by Philippe Herreweghe, Ton Koopman, Gustav Leonhardt, Jos van Veldhoven and Andrew Parrott. He was the organ soloist with the Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra, recorded by Decca - this recording received a Grammy Award.

In 1995 he was appointed Professor at the Universität der Künste in Berlin, a position he held until 2019.

Leo van Doeselaar has been a prolific interpreter of Johann Sebastian Bach, with appearances in 108 productions for All of Bach by Netherlands Bach Society alone.

Jan Wijn
Jan Wijn (19 May 1934 – 12 July 2022) was a Dutch pianist and pedagogue.

Wijn studied at the Amsterdam Conservatory under Cornelius Berkhout, where he received his diploma in 1955. He then studied under Béla Síki in Switzerland and Alicia de Larrocha in Spain. In 1960, Jan Wijn won first place in the "concours van Ourense" (international piano competition in Ourense (Spain)). Up to 1975 Jan Wijn had an international as well as national career. Problems with his right hand caused him to retire from 1976 to 1997, although he continued to play with only his left hand and eventually regained full mobility.

His students included Ronald Brautigam, Wibi Soerjadi, Hans Eijsackers, Paolo Giacometti, Frank Peters, Folke Nauta, Miguel Ituarte, Lucas & Arthur Jussen, and Nino Gvetadze.
Republic of Massa
The Republic of Massa (Italian: Repubblica di Massa) was a small Italian state located in Central Italy that existed from 1225 to 1336. It was founded in today's city of Massa Marittima and expanded to cover an area corresponding to the current upper Maremma.

It represented a commercial power of regional level, through its thriving mining district, thanks to the copper, alum and silver deposits in which its territory was rich.

Arezzo
Arezzo (UK: /əˈrɛtsoʊ, æˈr-/ ə-RET-soh, arr-ET-soh, US: /ɑːˈr-/ ar-ET-soh; Italian: [aˈrettso]) is a city and comune in Italy and the capital of the province of the same name located in Tuscany. Arezzo is about 80 kilometres (50 miles) southeast of Florence at an elevation of 296 metres (971 ft) above sea level. As of 2022, the population was about 97,000.

Known as the city of gold and of the high fashion, Arezzo was home to artists and poets such as Giorgio Vasari, Guido of Arezzo and Guittone d'Arezzo and in its province to Renaissance artist Michelangelo. In the artistic field, the city is famous for the frescoes by Piero della Francesca inside the Basilica of San Francesco, and the crucifix by Cimabue inside the Basilica of San Domenico. The city is also known for the important Giostra del Saracino, a game of chivalry that dates back to the Middle Ages.
Kingdom of Crooked Mirrors
Kingdom of Crooked Mirrors (Russian: Королевство кривых зеркал, translit. Korolevstvo krivykh zerkal) is a 1963 Soviet fairy tale film directed by Aleksandr Rou based on the novel, Kingdom of Crooked Mirrors, by Vitali Gubarev.

At the end of 2007, Russia TV filmed a musical remake with the same name, featuring stars Nikolay Baskov, Alla Pugacheva, and the Tolmachevy Sisters.  The original film contains introduction music and a fairytale style of the early 1960s. It is also notable for its use of actual twins in the leading roles.

Russia-1
Russia-1 (Russian: Россия-1) is a state-owned Russian television channel, first aired on 14 February 1956 as Programme Two in the Soviet Union. It was relaunched as RTR on 13 May 1991, and is known as Russia-1. It is the flagship channel of the All-Russia State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company (VGTRK).

In 2008 Russia-1 had the second largest audience in Russian television. In a typical week, it was viewed by 75% of urban Russians, compared to 83% for the leading channel, Channel One. The two channels are similar in their politics, and they compete directly in entertainment. Russia-1 has many regional variations and broadcasts in many languages.
Elmenteita Badlands
The Elementeita Badlands, also known as the Otutu Forest or Ututu Forest, is a lava flow in Kenya  that covers approximately 36 square kilometres (9,000 acres). The area was previously covered in thick dryland forest characterized by cedar trees, (Juniperus spp.), and Leleshwa bushes (Tarchonanthus camphoratus). In addition, Wild Jasmine and Boophone are also found.

The land was owned by Njenga Karume, who bought it from Arthur Cole in 1980. Cole had bought it from Digby Tatham-Warter (famous for his role in the Battle of Arnhem) in 1968, as grazing land of low potential. The land is unsuitable for either small scale cultivation or cattle ranching as it is covered in thick bush growing from the profusion of lava boulders. It is now owned by the Njenga Karume Trust.

Juniper
Junipers are coniferous trees and shrubs in the genus Juniperus (/dʒuːˈnɪpərəs/ joo-NIP-ər-əs) of the cypress family Cupressaceae. Depending on the taxonomy, between 50 and 67 species of junipers are widely distributed throughout the Northern Hemisphere as far south as tropical Africa, as far north as the Arctic, and parts of Asia and Central America. The highest-known juniper forest occurs at an altitude of 4,900 metres (16,100 ft) in southeastern Tibet and the northern Himalayas, creating one of the highest tree lines on earth.
Utah State Route 62
Utah State Route 62 (SR-62) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Utah. Over a span of 42.8 miles (68.9 km), it connects the cities of Junction and Kingston in Piute County to SR-24 in Sevier County to the northwest.

Piute County, Utah
Piute County (/ˈpaɪjuːt/ PY-yoot) is a county in south-central Utah, United States. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 1,438, making it the second-least populous county in Utah. The county seat is Junction, and the largest town is Circleville.