hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1959 visit by Martin Luther King Jr. to India
From February 3, 1959, to March 18, 1959, Martin Luther King Jr. and his wife, Coretta Scott King, left the United States for a trip to India and other locations. King was inspired by Mohandas Gandhi and his success with nonviolent activism, and as a theology student, King described Gandhi as being one of the "individuals who greatly reveal the working of the Spirit of God". King had "for a long time ... wanted to take a trip to India." After recovering for over three months from surgery following a 1958 stabbing by Izola Curry in Harlem King began to plan his trip. With assistance from Harris Wofford, the American Friends Service Committee and the Mahatma Gandhi National Memorial Trust, and funding from the Christopher Reynolds Foundation, the Montgomery Improvement Association, the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, and Dexter Avenue Baptist Church, King was able to fund the journey in early 1959.

Dexter Avenue Baptist Church
Dexter Avenue Baptist Church is a Baptist church in Montgomery, Alabama, United States, affiliated with the Progressive National Baptist Convention.  The church was designated as a National Historic Landmark in 1974 because of its importance in the civil rights movement and American history. In 1978 the official name was changed to the Dexter Avenue King Memorial Baptist Church, in memory of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., who was pastor there and helped organize the Montgomery bus boycott in 1955 during the civil rights era. The church is located steps away from the Alabama State Capitol.

On January 1, 2008, the US Government submitted the church to UNESCO as part of an envisaged future World Heritage Site nomination, because of this important history. It is on the UNESCO "Tentative List of World Heritage Sites".
Ioniveyem
The Ioniveyem (Russian: Ионивеем, also Ионивээм Ioniveem, Yeni-Veyem and Yoniveem) is a river located in the Chukotka Peninsula in Far East Siberia, Russia. It flows northwards into the Kolyuchinskaya Bay, Chukchi Sea. It is 185 kilometres (115 mi) long, and has a drainage basin of 4,890 square kilometres (1,890 sq mi).

Mount Ioni and Ioni lake are located close to it to the east in mid course.

This river and its basin belong to the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug administrative region of Russia.

Chukchi Peninsula
The Chukchi Peninsula (also Chukotka Peninsula or Chukotski Peninsula; Russian: Чуко́тский полуо́стров, Chukotskiy poluostrov, short form Russian: Чуко́тка, Chukotka), at about 66° N 172° W, is the easternmost peninsula of Asia.
Fordyce–Ricks House Historic District
The Fordyce–Ricks House Historic District encompasses a locally rare collection of Adirondack Architecture structures located at 1501 Park Avenue in Hot Springs, Arkansas.  The district encompasses 37 acres (15 ha) of land that originally belonged to Samuel W. Fordyce, a prominent railroad executive who had a major role in promoting and developing Hot Springs as a resort community.  The district includes a 1+1⁄2-story octagonal log house, three outbuildings, and a landscaped rustic environment.  20 acres (8.1 ha) of the former estate are now a part of Hot Springs National Park.

The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.

Water wheel

Water flowing over a dam

Adirondack Architecture
Adirondack architecture refers to the rugged architectural style generally associated with the Great Camps within the Adirondack Mountains area in New York. The builders of these camps used native building materials and sited their buildings within an irregular wooded landscape.  These camps for the wealthy were built to provide a primitive, rustic appearance while avoiding the problems of in-shipping materials from elsewhere.
Rolled oyster
Rolled oyster is a baseball-sized seafood dish that is found only in and around Louisville, Kentucky. It consists of three raw oysters dipped in an egg-milk cornmeal batter called pastinga, rolled in cracker crumbs (hence the name), and deep fried. They were first served by Italian immigrant Phillip Mazzoni and his brothers in the late 19th century as a free giveaway to their saloon patrons with a purchased beer or whiskey. It is unknown if rolled oysters were actually invented by the Mazzonis, or if the recipe was brought over from Italy with them. During prohibition, Mazzoni's remained open by selling these oysters in their new restaurant and it became a popular food item all over town.  Today, most seafood restaurants and fish fries in the Louisville area will have their own version of these on their menus. Home Run Burgers and Fries had a version that was very popular as well.

Western saloon
A Western saloon is a kind of bar particular to the Old West. Saloons served customers such as fur trappers, cowboys, soldiers, lumberjacks, businessmen, lawmen, outlaws, miners, and gamblers. A saloon might also be known as a "watering trough, bughouse, shebang, cantina, grogshop, and gin mill". The first saloon was established at Brown's Hole, Wyoming, in 1822, to serve fur trappers.

By 1880, the growth of saloons was in full swing. In Leavenworth, Kansas, there were "about 150 saloons and four wholesale liquor houses". Some saloons in the Old West were little more than casinos, brothels, and opium dens.
L'Hôpital, Moselle
L'Hôpital (French pronunciation: [lopital]; German: Spittel) is a commune in the Moselle department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.

It is the birthplace of the Slovenian author Mile Klopčič and historian France Klopčič.

Moselle (department)
Moselle (French pronunciation: [mɔzɛl] ⓘ) is the most populous department in Lorraine, in the northeast of France, and is named after the river Moselle, a tributary of the Rhine, which flows through the western part of the department. It had a population of 1,046,543 in 2019. Inhabitants of the department are known as Mosellans.
Marghanita Laski
Marghanita Laski (24 October 1915 – 6 February 1988) was an English journalist, radio panellist and novelist. She also wrote literary biography, plays and short stories, and contributed about 250,000 additions to the Oxford English Dictionary.

Biography in literature
When studying literature, biography and its relationship to literature is often a subject of literary criticism, and is treated in several different forms. Two scholarly approaches use biography or biographical approaches to the past as a tool for interpreting literature: literary biography and biographical criticism. Conversely, two genres of fiction rely heavily on the incorporation of biographical elements into their content: biographical fiction and autobiographical fiction.
Orthogonal polarization spectral imaging
Orthogonal polarization spectral imaging (OPS imaging) is a method for imaging small blood vessels in tissue like the nail bed or lip.

It uses a light source of linearly polarized light with a wavelength of 550 nanometers, an isosbestic point for hemoglobin, thus imaging the erythrocytes as they are flowing through the small blood vessels. The reflected light orthogonal (at a 90° angle) to the emitted light is recorded, thus eliminating direct reflections. The depolarized light forms an image of the microcirculation on a charge-coupled device (CCD), which can be captured through single frames or on videotape. The image produced is as if the light source is actually placed behind the desired target or transilluminated.

It has been validated, even under low hematocrit circumstances.

Shades of green
Varieties of the color green may differ in hue, chroma (also called saturation or intensity) or lightness (or value, tone, or brightness), or in two or three of these qualities. Variations in value are also called tints and shades, a tint being a green or other hue mixed with white, a shade being mixed with black. A large selection of these various colors is shown below.
Strikeforce: Fedor vs. Rogers
Strikeforce/M-1 Global: Fedor vs. Rogers was a mixed martial arts event held on November 7, 2009 promoted by Strikeforce in association with M-1 Global.  It was the first MMA event on network television since the now-defunct EliteXC promotion broadcast its final event, EliteXC: Heat, on CBS on October 4, 2008. The event had a four-fight main card with a broadcasting team of Gus Johnson, Frank Shamrock and Mauro Ranallo. The event drew an estimated 4,040,000 viewers, with a peak at 5,460,000 on CBS.

Elite Xtreme Combat
Elite Xtreme Combat, also known as EliteXC, was a United States–based mixed martial arts (MMA) organization owned and operated by ProElite. It was founded as a partnership between Showtime Networks and ProElite and officially announced on December 14, 2006. It was headquartered in Los Angeles.

The partnership to form EliteXC was announced on November 13, 2006. The first major event occurred February 10, 2007, at the DeSoto Civic Center in Southaven, Mississippi. Fighters Frank Shamrock and Renzo Gracie fought in the main event. Also debuting on this card was Charles Bennett, K. J. Noons, Mike Pyle and Antônio Silva.

In early 2008, EliteXC had reached an agreement with CBS to broadcast EliteXC shows on prime time. The arrangement was that CBS would broadcast EliteXC specials every other month on Saturday nights. CBS aired only three events in 2008, on May 31, July 26, and October 4.
Ouseley
Ouseley or Ousley is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Duncan Ouseley (born 1950), English judge

Frederick Ouseley (1825–1889), English musician

Gideon Ouseley (1769–1839), Anglo-Irish Methodist

Gideon Ouseley, a pseudonym of Oliver St. John Gogarty (1878–1957)

Gore Ouseley (1770–1844), British diplomat and linguist

Herman Ouseley, Baron Ouseley (born 1945), British politician, author of the Ouseley Report

William Ouseley (1769–1842), British orientalist

William Gore Ouseley (1797–1866), British diplomat

Gore Ouseley
Sir Gore Ouseley, 1st Baronet GCH, PC (24 June 1770 – 18 November 1844), was a British entrepreneur, linguist and diplomat. He was born in 1770 and died at Hall Barn Park, Beaconsfield, Buckinghamshire in 1844. He negotiated an important treaty between Russia and Persia in 1813 which redrew their common borders.
Kansas's 20th Senate district
Kansas's 20th Senate district is one of 40 districts in the Kansas Senate. It has been represented by Republican Eric Rucker since his appointment in 2018 to replace fellow Republican Vicki Schmidt; Rucker was defeated in the 2020 primary election by State Representative Brenda Dietrich.

2020 Kansas Senate election
The 2020 Kansas Senate election took place as part of the biennial 2020 United States elections. Kansas voters elected state senators in all of the state's 40 senate districts. Senators serve four-year terms.
Scopelocheiridae
Scopelocheiridae is a family of crustaceans belonging to the order Amphipoda. The family was first described in 1997 by Helen E. Stoddart and James K. Lowry. The type genus is Scopelocheirus Bate, 1857.

Genera:

Anisocallisoma Hendrycks & Conlan, 2003

Aroui Chevreux, 1911

Austrocallisoma Kilgallen & Lowry, 2015

Bathycallisoma Dahl, 1959

Eucallisoma J.L.Barnard, 1961

Haptocallisoma Horton & Thurston, 2015

Paracallisoma Chevreux, 1903

Paracallisomopsis Gurjanova, 1962

Pseudocallisoma Horton & Thurston, 2015

Scopelocheiropsis Schellenberg, 1926

Scopelocheirus Spence Bate, 1857

Tayabasa Kilgallen & Lowry, 2015

James K. Lowry
James Kenneth Lowry (1942 - 2021) was a zoologist specialising in amphipods.

He was born in Kansas City, Missouri, and grew up near Chesapeake Bay. This led to a B.A in biology from the University of Richmond followed by an M.A in marine science from the College of William and Mary, where he worked on the benthic fauna of the Antarctic island, Anvers Island. His interest in Antarctic benthic fauna led to his Ph.D. from the University of Canterbury (New Zealand) in 1976 with the thesis, Studies on the macrobenthos of the Southern Ocean,  researching which, he spent two winters at the New Zealand base on Ross Island near McMurdo Station, and during which time he survived five days on Antarctic sea ice, with three fellow students, after a late-evening sail went wrong.

He retired as a principal research scientist at the Australian Museum, where he worked from 1976 to 2011.

His zoological author abbreviation is Lowry.
Ilm (Thuringia)
The Ilm (German pronunciation: [ɪlm] ⓘ) is a 128.7 kilometers (80.0 mi) long river in Thuringia, in central Germany. It is a left tributary of the Saale, into which it flows in Großheringen near Bad Kösen.

Towns along the Ilm are Ilmenau, Stadtilm, Kranichfeld, Bad Berka, Weimar, Apolda and Bad Sulza.

In the valley of Ilm river runs the federal motorway 87 from Ilmenau to Leipzig and two railways: the Thuringian Railway between Großheringen and Weimar and the Weimar–Kranichfeld railway. Part of the Nuremberg–Erfurt high-speed railway also runs through the upper part of the valley near Ilmenau.

To the south of Weimar, there is a 48-hectare landscape public park along the river.

Bad Kösen
Bad Kösen (German: [baːt ˈkøːzn̩] ⓘ) is a spa town on the Saale river in the small  wine-growing region of Saale-Unstrut, Germany. It is a former municipality in the Burgenlandkreis district, in Saxony-Anhalt. Bad Kösen has a population of around 5,300. Since 1 January 2010, it has been a Stadtteil (part) of the town of Naumburg.
Sheffield University Rowing Club
Sheffield University Rowing Club (SURC) is the rowing club for The University of Sheffield and is based on Damflask Reservoir near Lower Bradfield, Sheffield, England, and is affiliated to British Rowing. Based at Damflask Reservoir, within the Peak District, the boathouse used by the club is shared with Sheffield Hallam University RC. The club relies on donations from alumni, competitions and annual membership to care for the upkeep of their boats and equipment.

British Rowing
British Rowing, formerly the Amateur Rowing Association (ARA), is the national governing body for the sport of rowing (both indoor and on-water rowing). It is responsible for the training and selection of individual rowers and crews representing Great Britain and England, and for participation in and the development of rowing in England. Scottish Rowing (formerly SARA) and Welsh Rowing (formerly WARA) oversee governance in their respective nations, organise their own teams for the Home International Regatta and input to the GB team organisation.

British Rowing is a member of the British Olympic Association and the World Rowing Federation (formerly FISA).
Piedmont Lithium
Piedmont Lithium is an American mining company in the process of proving economic mineral recovery of lithium at sites in North Carolina, Tennessee, Canada, and Ghana.

The company has done business deals with Tesla and is planning to invest in a $1.8 billion mine in Gaston County, North Carolina.

The Gaston County project is one of multiple projects that Piedmont Lithium is working to develop currently.

The surrounding Gaston County community is concerned that the mine will affect their water and air quality.

Spodumene
Spodumene is a pyroxene mineral consisting of lithium aluminium inosilicate, LiAl(SiO3)2, and is a commercially important source of lithium. It occurs as colorless to yellowish, purplish, or lilac kunzite (see below), or alternatively yellowish-green or emerald-green hiddenite; it takes the form of prismatic crystals, often of great size. Single crystals of 14.3 m (47 ft) in size are reported from the Black Hills of South Dakota, United States.

The naturally occurring low-temperature form α-spodumene is in the monoclinic system, and the high-temperature β-spodumene crystallizes in the tetragonal system. α-Spodumene converts to β-spodumene at temperatures above 900 °C. Typically crystals are heavily striated along the principal axis. Crystal faces are often etched and pitted with triangular markings.
Viologen
Viologens are a family of organic compounds with the formula (C5H4NR)2n+(X-)2.  They are N-alkyl derivatives of bipyridines. In some viologens, the pyridyl groups are further modified.

The viologen paraquat (R = methyl), is a widely used herbicide. As early as in the 1930s, paraquat was being used as an oxidation-reduction indicator, because it becomes violet on reduction.

Other viologens have been commercialized because they can change color reversibly many times through reduction and oxidation.  The name viologen alludes to violet, one color it can exhibit, and the radical cation (C5H4NR)2+ is colored intensely blue.

Diradical
In chemistry, a diradical is a molecular species with two electrons occupying molecular orbitals (MOs) which are degenerate. The term "diradical" is mainly used to describe organic compounds, where most diradicals are extremely reactive and non-Kekulé molecules that are rarely isolated. Diradicals are even-electron molecules but have one fewer bond than the number permitted by the octet rule.

Examples of diradical species can also be found in coordination chemistry, for example among bis(1,2-dithiolene) metal complexes.
1st Kings
1st Kings was a provincial electoral district of Prince Edward Island, Canada, which elected two members to the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island from 1873 to 1993.

The district comprised the easternmost portion of Kings County. It was abolished in 1996.

Kings County, Prince Edward Island
Kings County (2021 population 18,327) is located in eastern Prince Edward Island, Canada.

It is the province's smallest, most rural and least-populated county.  Kings County is also least dependent upon the agriculture industry compared with the other two counties, while being more heavily dependent on the fishery and forest industry.  Comparatively large parts of the county are still forested and it hosts the province's largest sawmill.  The only heavy industry, aside from forestry and industrial farming, is a small shipyard, although secondary manufacturing has been established in recent years.

The county was named by Capt. Samuel Holland in 1765 for King George III (1738–1820). As such, Kings County's shire town is Georgetown. The largest community in the county, also within the town of Three Rivers, is Montague.
Hans Schmaus
Hans Schmaus (22 May 1862 in Munich, Kingdom of Bavaria – 4 December 1905 in Munich) was a German pathologist.

In 1887 he obtained his doctorate at the University of Munich, where he spent the next several years as an assistant to Otto Bollinger at the institute of pathology. In 1889 he became habilitated for pathology, becoming an associate professor at Munich in 1899.

At Munich, he performed studies involving the pathological anatomy of the spinal cord, and did research of hyaline degeneration and caseous necrosis. With pathologist Eugen Albrecht, he conducted studies of coagulative necrosis.

Coagulative necrosis
Coagulative necrosis is a type of accidental cell death typically caused by ischemia or infarction. In coagulative necrosis, the architectures of dead tissue are preserved for at least a couple of days. It is believed that the injury denatures structural proteins as well as lysosomal enzymes, thus blocking the proteolysis of the damaged cells. The lack of lysosomal enzymes allows it to maintain a "coagulated" morphology for some time. Like most types of necrosis, if enough viable cells are present around the affected area, regeneration will usually occur. Coagulative necrosis occurs in most bodily organs, excluding the brain. Different diseases are associated with coagulative necrosis, including acute tubular necrosis and acute myocardial infarction.

Coagulative necrosis can also be induced by high local temperature; it is a desired effect of treatments such as high intensity focused ultrasound applied to cancerous cells.
Tunnel de la Atlantida
Túnel de la Atlántida (English: Tunnel of Atlantis) is the world's longest known volcanic submarine lava tube. It is located in the Canary Islands off the coast of North Africa. It is the underwater portion of the Cueva de los Verdes lava tube at Haría, Las Palmas. The 1.5 km long tube formed some 20,000 years ago when the Monte Corona volcano erupted on the island of Lanzarote. The erupted molten rock flowed across the land and into the ocean.

Monte Corona
Volcán de La Corona is a 609 meters (1,998 ft) high extinct volcano on the Canary Island of Lanzarote (Spain), near the village of Yé in the municipality of Haría. Its eruption, around 21,000 years ago, covered a large area of the northeast of the island with lava, creating the Malpais de la Corona and two of the island's most-visited geological attractions, the Cueva de los Verdes and the Jameos del Agua.
Wolf System stage combat training
The Wolf System was founded in 1988 by the fight choreographer and stage combat/martial arts instructor, Tony Wolf. It has been applied to a range of production genres including professional theatre, opera, ballet, film, television and motion capture, notably including The Lord of the Rings film trilogy, as well as to physical theater, martial arts and self defense training.

Self-defense
Self-defense (self-defence) primarily in Commonwealth English) is a countermeasure that involves defending the health and well-being of oneself from harm. The use of the right of self-defense as a legal justification for the use of force in times of danger is available in many jurisdictions.
Aylesford, Nova Scotia
Aylesford, is a village situated in western Kings County in the Annapolis Valley of Nova Scotia, Canada. The settlement was named after the fourth Earl of Aylesford, Heneage Finch, who was Lord Of The Bedchamber to George III from 1772-1777. The community is located between the North and South Mountains, and is roughly a 15 minute drive to Canadian Forces Base Greenwood, and a 10 minute drive to its closest neighbour, the Town Of Berwick. Aylesford is located on the Evangeline Trail (Trunk 1) scenic tourist route, which was named after the epic 1847 H.W. Longfellow poem entitled Evangeline, A Tale of Acadie.

Evangeline
Evangeline, A Tale of Acadie is an epic poem by the American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, written in English and published in 1847. The poem follows an Acadian girl named Evangeline and her search for her lost love Gabriel during the expulsion of the Acadians (1755–1764).

The idea for the poem came from Longfellow's friend Nathaniel Hawthorne. Longfellow used dactylic hexameter, imitating Greek and Latin classics. Though the choice was criticized, it became Longfellow's most famous work in his lifetime and remains one of his most popular and enduring works.

The poem had a powerful effect in defining both Acadian history and identity in the 19th and 20th centuries. It represents lost loved ones and heartbreak but also keeping hope. While Longfellow was a poet, not a historian, 21st-century scholarship has included those who chose to expound their view that Longfellow's work fails as a scientific historical document.
Japanese ship Tsubame
Two Japanese warships have borne the name Tsubame:

Japanese torpedo boat Tsubame (1903), a Hayabusa-class torpedo boat launched in 1903 and stricken in 1923

Japanese minelayer Tsubame (1929), a Tsubame-class minelayer launched in 1929 and sunk in 1945

Hayabusa-class torpedo boat
The Hayabusa-class torpedo boats (Hayabusa-gata suiraitei) were a class of fifteen 1st class torpedo boats constructed for the Imperial Japanese Navy as part of the 1896 Ten Year Naval Expansion Programme. They were completed between 1900 and 1904.

All of the vessels served in the Russo-Japanese War. They were notable for their attacks on the Russian fleet on the night of 27/28 May 1905 during the Battle of Tsushima, expending many torpedoes. They were able to inflict significant damage on a number of Russian ships, that were scuttled or sunk the next day.

After serving in World War I, all fifteen vessels were decommissioned between 1919 and 1923; some were scrapped, others turned into auxiliaries.  For example, Kiji was used at the Navy Torpedo School in Yokosuka from 15 December 1923 to 2 October 1926.