hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Death to America
"Death to America"  is an anti-American political slogan widely used in Iran, Afghanistan, Lebanon, Yemen, Iraq, and Pakistan. Ruhollah Khomeini, the first supreme leader of Iran, popularized the term. The literal meaning of the Persian phrase Marg bar Âmrikâ (مرگ بر آمریکا) is "Death to America". In most official Iranian translations, the phrase is translated into English as the less crude "Down with America". The chant "Death to America" has come to be employed by various anti-American groups and protesters worldwide.

The slogan has historically been contextualized as a reaction to the U.S. government's policies towards Islamic countries and merely an expression of outrage at those policies, not a wish for literal death for American people themselves. In a speech to university students, Iran's supreme leader Ali Khamenei interpreted the slogan as "death to the U.S.'s policies, death to arrogance".

Rick Steves
Richard John Steves Jr. (born May 10, 1955) is an American travel writer, activist, and television personality. His travel philosophy encourages people to explore less-frequented areas of destinations and to become immersed in the local people's way of life. Starting in 2000, he hosted Rick Steves' Europe, a travel series on public television. Steves also has a public radio travel show called Travel with Rick Steves (2005−present) and has authored numerous travel guides, the first of which was the popular Europe Through the Back Door. In 2006, he became a syndicated newspaper columnist, and in 2010, his company released a mobile phone application called "Rick Steves' Audio Europe" containing self-guided walking tours and geographic information.
St. Nicholas Kirche (New York City)
40°43′23″N 73°59′10″W﻿ / ﻿40.723°N 73.986°W﻿ / 40.723; -73.986

St. Nicholas Kirche is a former Roman Catholic church located at 127 East Second Street between Avenue A and First Avenue in the Alphabet City/East Village neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City. The church, known in German as Deutsche Römisch-Katholische St. Nicholas Kirche ("St. Nicholas Roman Catholic German Church"), was the national parish for the local German-speaking population.

German language in the United States
Over 50 million Americans claim German ancestry, which made them the largest single claimed ancestry group in the United States until 2020. As of 2023, 858,682 people in the United States speak the German language at home. It is the second most spoken language in North Dakota (1.39% of its population) and is the third most spoken language in 16 other states.
Gjertsen
Gjertsen is a Norwegian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Astrid Gjertsen (1928–2020), Norwegian politician

Doug Gjertsen (born 1967), American swimmer

Finn Gjertsen (born 1959), Norwegian artistic gymnast

Joey Gjertsen (born 1982), American soccer player

Lasse Gjertsen (born 1984), Norwegian animator, musician, and videographer

Torgil Øwre Gjertsen (born 1992), Norwegian footballer

Lasse Gjertsen
Lasse Gjertsen (born 19 July 1984) is a Norwegian animator, musician, and videographer. He is best known for his short pieces "Hyperactive" and "Amateur", big hits in the early years of YouTube, which strung together short clips of video to create a unique form of video akin to stop-motion animation. His "Hyperactive" video has over 9.2 million views and his "Amateur" video has over 16 million views.
Tianshui
Tianshui is a prefecture-level city in Gansu province, China, and is the province's second-largest city (behind the provincial capital Lanzhou). Located in the southeast of the province, the city strides along the upper reaches of the Wei River and at the boundary of  the Loess Plateau and the Qinling Mountains. As of the 2020 census, its population was 2,984,659 inhabitants, of which 1,212,791 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made of the 2 urban districts of Qinzhou and Maiji. The city and its surroundings have played an important role in the early history of China, as still visible in the form of historic sites such as the Maijishan Grottoes.

Provinces of China
Provinces (Chinese: 省; pinyin: Shěng) are the most numerous type of province-level divisions, the first-level subdivisions of the People's Republic of China (PRC). There are currently 22 provinces administered by the PRC, and one further province that is claimed but not administered, which is Taiwan.

The local governments of Chinese provinces consist of a Provincial People's Government headed by a governor that acts as the executive, a Provincial People's Congress with legislative powers, and a parallel provincial branch of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) that elects a party secretary and a provincial standing committee.
Dr. Katzenbergers Badereise
Dr. Katzenbergers Badereise (lit. 'Dr. Katzenberger's Bathing Trip') is a novel by the German writer Jean Paul. It takes place in the spa town of Bad Maulbronn and follows the intrigues of a professor who goes there to confront a physician who has given his books negative reviews, the professor's daughter, a poet who travels with them and is attracted to the daughter, and a young Prussian military writer who becomes the poet's rival.

The novel was written in 1807–1808 and first published by Mohr und Zimmer in Heidelberg in 1809, but only became popular with a revised and expanded version published in Breslau in 1822.

It was the basis for the 1978 television film Dr. Katzenbergers Badereise directed by Gerd Winkler for ZDF.

Spa town
A spa town is a resort town based on a mineral spa (a developed mineral spring). Patrons may visit spas to "take the waters" for their purported health benefits.

Thomas Guidott set up a medical practice in the English town of Bath in 1668. He became interested in the curative properties of the hot mineral waters there and in 1676 wrote A discourse of Bathe, and the hot waters there. Also, Some Enquiries into the Nature of the water. This brought the purported health-giving properties of the waters to the attention of the aristocracy, who started to partake in them soon after.

The term spa is used for towns or resorts offering hydrotherapy, which can include cold water or mineral water treatments and geothermal baths, and comes from the Belgian town Spa.
Pello, Övertorneå
Pello is a smaller locality in Övertorneå Municipality, Norrbotten County, Sweden. It is located on the shore of the Torne River, opposite to Pello, Finland. The locality has a population of 160.

66°48′10″N 023°58′45″E﻿ / ﻿66.80278°N 23.97917°E﻿ / 66.80278; 23.97917

Torne (Finnish and Swedish river)
The Torne, also known as the Tornio (Finnish: Tornionjoki, Swedish: Torne älv, Torneälven, Northern Sami: Duortneseatnu, Meänkieli: Väylä), is a river in northern Sweden and Finland. For approximately half of its length, it defines the border between these two countries. In the upper parts, the river is situated in Sweden before it meets the Muonio River where it adjoins the Finland–Sweden border. It rises at the lake Torneträsk near the border with Norway and flows generally southeast for a distance of 522 kilometres (324 mi) into the Gulf of Bothnia. It is the largest river in Norrbotten County both by length and by watershed area.

At its source, the Torne is located close to the North Atlantic and Narvik on the other side of the watershed, with several thousands of kilometres between the locations via waterways.
Kulamanickam (West)
Kulamanickam is a village in the Ariyalur taluk of Ariyalur district, Tamil Nadu, India.

The village on the northern bank of river Kollidam (Coleroon). There are two Elementary school ( U C School and St. Ignatius School) and one St. Ignatius High School which is noted for its high results in the SSLC Public Examinations.

Kulamanickam and Sembiyakudi are twin villages, which look like one big village. Both are separate Panjayats. So sometimes the village is called " Sembiyakudikulamanickam or Kulamanickamsembiyakudi"

Ariyalur taluk
11°8′14″N 79°4′40″E﻿ / ﻿11.13722°N 79.07778°E﻿ / 11.13722; 79.07778
Ariyalur taluk is a taluk of Ariyalur district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The headquarters of the taluk is the town of Ariyalur.
Andrew Semple (physician)
Andrew Best Semple (3 May 1912 in Glasgow – 15 November 2013 in Northamptonshire) was a Scottish doctor who specialised in public health. He served as honorary physician to the Queen, and was the Medical Officer of Health for Liverpool from 1953 to 1974.

Clean Air Act 1956
The Clean Air Act 1956 (4 & 5 Eliz. 2. c. 52) was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom enacted principally in response to London's Great Smog of 1952. It was sponsored by the Ministry of Housing and Local Government in England and the Department of Health for Scotland, and was in effect until 1993.

The act introduced a number of measures to reduce air pollution. Primary among them was mandated movement toward smokeless fuels, especially in high-population "smoke control areas" to reduce smoke pollution and sulphur dioxide from household fires. The act also included measures that reduced the emission of gases, grit, and dust from chimneys and smoke-stacks.

The act was a significant milestone in the development of a legal framework to protect the environment. It was modified by later enactments, including the Clean Air Act 1968.

The whole act was repealed by the Clean Air Act 1993.
St. Mary's Covered Bridge
The St. Mary's Covered Bridge, also known as Shade Gap Covered Bridge and Huntingdon County Bridge No. 8, is a historic wooden covered bridge located at Cromwell Township in Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania, USA. It is a 65.25-foot-long (19.89 m) 16.5-foot-wide (5.0 m), Howe truss bridge with cut stone abutments, constructed in 1889. It crosses the Shade Creek and is the only remaining covered bridge in Huntingdon County.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

Howe truss
A Howe truss is a truss bridge consisting of chords, verticals, and diagonals whose vertical members are in tension and whose diagonal members are in compression. The Howe truss was invented by William Howe in 1840, and was widely used as a bridge in the mid to late 1800s.
Seear
Seear is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Gary Seear (1952–2018), New Zealand rugby player

Maxine Seear (born 1984), Australian triathlete

Nancy Seear, Baroness Seear (1913–1997), British social scientist and politician

Noot Seear (born 1983), Canadian model and actress

Maxine Seear
Maxine Seear (born 18 December 1984 in Johannesburg, South Africa) is an athlete from Australia, who competes in triathlons. Seear competed at the second Olympic triathlon at the 2004 Summer Olympics.  She did not finish the competition.

She attended St Peters Lutheran College in her high school years, a private school in Brisbane, Australia.
Anatoli Ivanov (musician)
Anatoli Vasilyevich Ivanov (Russian: Анато́лий Васи́льевич Ивано́в; 26 June 1934 – 2 April 2012) was a Russian solo-timpanist, percussionist with the Saint Petersburg Philharmonic Orchestra, book author and People's Artist of Russia (1997). President of the Russian Association of Percussion Performers, member of the Percussive Arts Society, conductor, member of the Russian Authors Society. He taught at the Leningrad Conservatory. A tribute concert was held at Mariinsky Theatre on 12 April 2016.

Saint Petersburg Philharmonic Orchestra
The Saint Petersburg Philharmonic Orchestra (Russian: Симфонический оркестр Санкт-Петербургской филармонии, Symphonic Orchestra of the Saint Petersburg Philharmonia) is a symphony orchestra based in Saint Petersburg, Russia. Their home venue is the Saint Petersburg Philharmonia.
Andrew Leslie (Canadian Army officer)
Andrew Brooke Leslie PC CMM MSC MSM CD (born December 26, 1957) is a retired Canadian Forces Lieutenant-General and politician who served as the Chief of the Land Staff from 2006 to 2010 and as a Member of Parliament representing the riding of Orléans in the House of Commons, from 2015 until 2019.

Meritorious Service Medal (Canada)
The Meritorious Service Medal (French: Médaille du service méritoire) is a decoration that is, within the Canadian system of honours, one of the two Meritorious Service Decorations gifted by the Canadian monarch, through the Governor-in-Council. Created in 1991, the medal is intended to recognize individuals—both Canadian and foreign—who have carried out meritorious acts bringing benefit and honour in either of two categories: military and civilian. Award of the medal grants recipients the use of the post-nominal letters MSM.
Top of the World (1955 film)
Top of the World is a 1955 American aviation adventure film, directed by Lewis R. Foster, and written by John D. Klorer and N. Richard Nash. The film starred Dale Robertson, Evelyn Keyes, Frank Lovejoy, Nancy Gates, Paul Fix, Robert Arthur, and Peter Hansen. Composer Albert Glasser composed the music to the film.

Top of the World was released in May 1955, by United Artists. The United States Air Force endeavoured to support the production of Top of the World as a means to inform the public of the work of the USAF in the far north. USAF photographers would work directly with studio cinematographers. Major Stockton Shaw was assigned to the production as a technical advisor.

Albert Glasser
Albert Glasser (January 25, 1916 – May 4, 1998) was a composer, conductor and arranger of film music, primarily in the realm of B-movies during the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s. He scored approximately 200 films during his career, many for American International Pictures and director Bert I. Gordon.
For the US War Department, Glasser composed for Frank Capra's Special Services Unit and for Office of War Information radio shows for overseas broadcasts.  For television, he composed the score for the early western, The Cisco Kid.  For radio, he composed scores for Hopalong Cassidy, Clyde Beatty, and Tarzan. Glasser joined ASCAP in 1950, and his popular song compositions include "Urubu", "The Cisco Kid", "Someday" and "I Remember Your Love".  In addition to his composition work, Glasser was an amateur radio operator (K6RFU).
Geoff Cook
Geoffrey Cook (born 9 October 1951) is a former English cricketer, who played in seven Test matches and six One Day Internationals from 1981 to 1983. Cricket writer, Colin Bateman, stated "A player held in great respect by his fellow professionals, Cook got his big chance when the first rebel tour went to South Africa in 1982, but he was unable to convert his consistent county form into Test success".

South African rebel tours
The South African rebel tours were a series of seven cricket tours staged between 1982 and 1990. They were known as the rebel tours because the international cricketing bodies banned South Africa from competitive international cricket throughout this period because of apartheid. As such the tours were organised and conducted in spite of the express disapproval of national cricket boards and governments, the International Cricket Conference and international organisations such as the United Nations. The tours were the subject of enormous contemporaneous controversy and remain a sensitive topic throughout the cricket-playing world.
Garlogie
Garlogie (Scottish Gaelic: Geàrr Lagaidh) is a roadside hamlet in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. During the 19th century, it was the site of a textile milling settlement using water from Loch of Skene. The mill houses a beam engine and a 1923 hydropower turbine. Garlogie also has an inn. To the southwest, there is a gas compression and odourisation station which forms part of the National Gas Network.

National Transmission System
The United Kingdom's National Transmission System (NTS) is the network of gas pipelines that supply gas to about forty power stations and large industrial users from natural gas terminals situated on the coast, and to gas distribution companies that supply commercial and domestic users. It covers Great Britain, i.e. England, Wales and Scotland.
Thom Mayne
Thom Mayne (born January 19, 1944) is an American architect. He is based in Los Angeles. In 1972, Mayne helped found the Southern California Institute of Architecture (SCI-Arc), where he is a trustee and the coordinator of the Design of Cities postgraduate program. Since then he has held teaching positions at SCI-Arc, the California State Polytechnic University, Pomona (Cal Poly Pomona) and the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). He is principal of Morphosis Architects, an architectural firm based in Culver City, California and New York City, New York. Mayne received the Pritzker Architecture Prize in March 2005.

Culver City, California
Culver City is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 40,779. It is mostly surrounded by Los Angeles, but also shares a border with the unincorporated area of Ladera Heights to the east. The city was named after Harry Culver who incorporated it in 1917.

In the 1920s, Culver City became a center for film and later television production. It was best known as the home of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer studios from 1924 to 1986. From 1932 to 1986, it was the headquarters for the Hughes Aircraft Company. National Public Radio West and Sony Pictures Entertainment have headquarters in the city. It has been described as a "largely idyllic...peaceful, semi-suburban community with a relatively low crime rate and high quality of life" best known for its "parks, studio lots, and breakfast burritos".
William Thomas Ward
William Thomas Ward (August 9, 1808 – October 12, 1878) was a brigadier general in the United States Army during the American Civil War, a United States Congressman from the U.S. state Kentucky, and member of the Kentucky Legislature.

Kentucky General Assembly
The Kentucky General Assembly, also called the Kentucky Legislature, is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Kentucky.  It comprises the Kentucky Senate and the Kentucky House of Representatives.

The General Assembly meets annually in the state capitol building in Frankfort, convening on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in January. In even-numbered years, sessions may not last more than 60 legislative days, and cannot extend beyond April 15. In odd-numbered years, sessions may not last more than 30 legislative days, and cannot extend beyond March 30. Special sessions may be called by the Governor of Kentucky at any time and for any duration.
ARA Almirante Brown (D-10)
ARA Almirante Brown (pennant number D-10) is the lead ship of the MEKO 360H2 series of four destroyers built for the Argentine Navy. The ship is the ninth ship in the history of the Argentine Navy to be named for Admiral William Brown, the founder and commander of the Argentine Navy during Argentina's war of independence against Spain.

Argentine Navy
The Argentine Navy (ARA; Spanish: Armada de la República Argentina) is the navy of Argentina. It is one of the three branches of the Armed Forces of the Argentine Republic, together with the Army and the Air Force.

The Argentine Navy day is celebrated on May 17, anniversary of the victory in 1814 at the Battle of Montevideo over the Spanish fleet during the war of Independence.
University College Hospital at Westmoreland Street
University College Hospital at Westmoreland Street, named The Heart Hospital until refurbished and renamed in 2015, was a specialist cardiac hospital located in London, United Kingdom until 2015. It is part of the University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and is closely associated with University College London (UCL). After the 2015 refurbishment, the hospital now provides thoracic surgery and urology services.

Before the 2015 refurbishment, the Heart Hospital conducted over 1,000 surgical heart operations each year, had 95 in-patient beds, and was one of the largest cardiac centres in the UK. It treated around 1,700 new outpatients, 5,500 follow-up outpatients and 1,200 inpatients each year. It was a centre for cardiac research, home to the UCL Centre for Cardiology in the Young, and part of the UCLH/UCL Biomedical Research Centre and the UCL Partners academic health science centre.

UCLPartners
UCLPartners is a health innovation company located in London, England. It serves a population of over 3.5 million across north central and north east London.

UCLPartners is partnered with some of the world’s leading hospitals and academic institutions, including Barts Health NHS Trust, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, University College London (UCL), and University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust.
Spartak, Yermekeyevsky District, Republic of Bashkortostan
Spartak (Russian: Спартак) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative centre of Spartaksky Selsoviet, Yermekeyevsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 924 as of 2010. There are 9 streets.

Yermekeyevsky District
Yermekeyevsky District (Russian: Ермеке́евский райо́н; Bashkir: Йәрмәкәй районы, Yärmäkäy rayonı; Tatar: Ярмәкәй районы, Yarmäkäy rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the west of the republic and borders with Tuymazinsky District in the north, Belebeyevsky District in the east, Bizhbulyaksky District in the southeast, and with Orenburg Oblast and the Republic of Tatarstan in the west. The area of the district is 1,437 square kilometers (555 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Yermekeyevo. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 17,162, with the population of Yermekeyevo accounting for 22.9% of that number.
Bussey (surname)
Bussey is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Andrew Bussey (born 1979), American Olympic sprint canoeist

Barney Bussey (born 1962), American football player

Ben Bussey, planetary scientist

Benjamin Bussey (1757–1842), merchant, farmer, horticulturalist and patriot from Boston, US

Bill Bussey (born 1964), co-host of the Rick and Bubba comedy radio show

Cyrus Bussey (1833–1915), American soldier and politician

Dave Bussey (born 1952), British radio DJ

Dexter Bussey (born 1952), American football player

George Bussey (born 1984), American football player

George Gibson Bussey (1829–89), English inventor

Lionel Bussey (1883–1969), British engineer and collector of women's shoes

Thomas H. Bussey (1857–bef. 1941), New York state senator

Walter Bussey (1904–82), English footballer

Terry Bussey (born 2006), American football player

Young Bussey (1917–1945), American football player

Benjamin Bussey
Benjamin Bussey (1757—1842) was a prosperous American merchant, farmer, horticulturalist and patriot in Boston, Massachusetts, who made significant contributions to the creation of the Arnold Arboretum.  He was said to be "a man of excellent business capacity" and "one of the wealthiest and most influential men in New England."