hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Penuche
Penuche (/pəˈnutʃi/, from Italian: panucci) is a fudge-like candy made from brown sugar, butter, and milk, using no flavorings except for vanilla. Penuche often has a tannish color, and is lighter than regular fudge. It is formed by the caramelization of brown sugar; thus, its flavor is said to be reminiscent of caramel. Nuts, especially pecans, are often added to penuche for texture, frequently in the making of penuche candies. It is primarily a regional food, found in New England and some places in the Southern United States, though in the latter it goes by different names, including creamy praline fudge, and brown sugar fudge candy.

Pecan
The pecan (/pɪˈkæn/ pih-KAN, also US: /pɪˈkɑːn, ˈpiːkæn/ pih-KAHN, PEE-kan, UK: /ˈpiːkən/ PEE-kən; Carya illinoinensis) is a species of hickory native to the Southern United States and northern Mexico in the region of the Mississippi River.

Originally native to the south-central U.S., the tree is cultivated for its seed primarily in the U.S. states of Georgia, New Mexico, Texas, Louisiana and in Mexico. The seed is an edible nut used as a snack and in various recipes, such as praline candy and pecan pie. The pecan is the state nut of Alabama, Arkansas, California, Texas, and Louisiana, and is also the state tree of Texas.
Scrubbing (audio)
In digital audio editing, scrubbing is an interaction in which a user drags a cursor or play head across a segment of a waveform to hear it. Scrubbing is a convenient way to quickly navigate an audio file, and is a common feature of modern digital audio workstations and other audio editing software. The term comes from the early days of the recording industry and refers to the process of physically moving tape reels to locate a specific point in the audio track; this gave the engineer the impression that the tape was being scrubbed, or cleaned.

Audio file format
An audio file format is a file format for storing digital audio data on a computer system. The bit layout of the audio data (excluding metadata) is called the audio coding format and can be uncompressed, or compressed to reduce the file size, often using lossy compression. The data can be a raw bitstream in an audio coding format, but it is usually embedded in a container format or an audio data format with a defined storage layer.
Volta Mantovana
Volta Mantovana (Upper Mantovano: La Ólta) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Mantua in the Italian region of Lombardy, located about 120 km (75 mi) east of Milan and about 20 km (12 mi) northwest of Mantua.

Volta Mantovana borders the municipalities of Cavriana, Goito, Marmirolo, Monzambano, and Valeggio sul Mincio.

House of Gonzaga
The House of Gonzaga (US: /ɡənˈzɑːɡə, ɡɒn-, -ˈzæɡ-/; Italian: [ɡonˈdzaːɡa]) is an Italian princely family that ruled Mantua in Lombardy, northern Italy from 1328 to 1708 (first as a captaincy-general, then margraviate, and finally duchy). They also ruled Monferrato in Piedmont and Nevers in France, as well as many other lesser fiefs throughout Europe. The family includes a saint, twelve cardinals and fourteen bishops. Two Gonzaga descendants became empresses of the Holy Roman Empire (Eleonora Gonzaga and Eleonora Gonzaga-Nevers), and one became Queen of Poland and Grand Duchess of Lithuania in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (Marie Louise Gonzaga).
Marcus Tubbs
Marcus Dwayne Tubbs (born May 16, 1981) is an American former professional football player who was a defensive tackle for three seasons with Seattle Seahawks of the National Football League (NFL). He played as a backup right tackle for the Seahawks in Super Bowl XL, after being selected by them 23rd overall in the 2004 NFL draft. He was an All-Big 12 conference player playing college football for the Texas Longhorns, with whom he later served as the director of football operations. In 2016 he became as assistant athletics director for football operations at the University of Houston.

Houston Cougars football
The Houston Cougars football program is an NCAA Division I FBS football team that represents the University of Houston. The team is commonly referred to as "Houston" or "U of H". The UH football program is a member of the Big 12 Conference. Since the 2014 season, the Cougars have played their home games on campus at TDECU Stadium, which was built on the site formerly occupied by Robertson Stadium, where they played home games from 1941 to 1950 and from 1994 to 2012. Over the history of the program, the Cougars have won 11 conference championships and have had several players elected to the College Football Hall of Fame, including a Heisman Trophy winner.
Krekenava Regional Park
Krekenava Regional Park (Lithuanian: Krekenavos regioninis parkas) is regional park in central Lithuania, mostly in the southern part of Panevėžys District Municipality (a small part in Kėdainiai District Municipality). It was established in 1992 and covers 11,589.7 hectares (28,639 acres).

Krekenava Regional Park encompasses the Nevėžis river middle course and various culture and nature monuments amongst Krekenava, Ramygala and Surviliškis towns.

Ramygala
Ramygala (pronunciationⓘ, literally "quiet end") is a town in Lithuania. It is located some 24 km (15 mi) south from Panevėžys on the banks of the Upytė River, a tributary to the Nevėžis River. According to 2017 estimate, it had 1,440 residents.
Lopashchyne
Lopashchyne (Ukrainian: Лопащине), formerly Lopaskyne (Ukrainian: Лопаскине; Russian: Лопаскино), is a village in Shchastia urban hromada, Shchastia Raion (district) in Luhansk Oblast of eastern Ukraine, on the left bank of the Donets river.

On 18 June 2025, the Verkhovna Rada renamed the village to Lopashchyne to match Ukrainian language standards.

Shchastia Raion
Shchastia Raion (Ukrainian: Щастинський район, romanized: Shchastynskyi raion; Russian: Счастьинский район) is a raion (district) of Luhansk Oblast, Ukraine. It was created in July 2020 as part of the reform of administrative divisions of Ukraine. The de jure administrative center of the raion is the city of Shchastia, although, until 2022, the de facto administrative center was located in the urban-type settlement of Novoaidar because the city of Shchastia was situated too close to territory controlled by Russia via its Luhansk People's Republic proxy militias. Population: 77,615 (2022 estimate). Following the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, the entire region fell under Russian control.
Somewhere Else (Barry Altschul album)
Somewhere Else is a live album by the Barry Altschul Trio, led by drummer Altschul, and featuring trombonist Ray Anderson and double bassist Mark Helias. It was recorded on June 2, 1979, at the 8th Moers International New Jazz Festival in Moers, Germany, and was released on vinyl later that year by Moers Music.

This lineup of the Altschul trio would go on to record the studio album Brahma for the Sackville label the following year.

Moers Music
Moers Music is a German jazz record label that was founded by Burkhard Hennen in Moers, Germany. The label started in 1974 under the name Ring but was changed three years later due to a conflict with a Canadian record label that had the same name. Moers concentrates on free jazz and has released albums by Barry Altschul, Anthony Braxton, John Carter, Anthony Davis, Roscoe Mitchell, James Newton, Wadada Leo Smith, Vienna Art Orchestra, and World Saxophone Quartet.
Wim Klever
Wilhelmus Nicolaas Antonius (Wim) Klever (born 1930, Snelrewaard) is a Dutch scholar interested in the philosophy of 17th century Jewish Dutch philosopher Baruch Spinoza.

Klever studied philosophy at the Catholic University of Nijmegen and at the Utrecht University.

He is a former lecturer at the Erasmus University in Rotterdam. He also studied the lives and biographies of the people in the circle around Spinoza.  This has resulted in numerous publications and books.

Minister Reinette Klever is his daughter.

Snelrewaard
Snelrewaard is a hamlet in the Dutch province of Utrecht. It is a part of the municipality of Oudewater, and lies about 2 km east of the city of Oudewater. A small part of the hamlet is in Montfoort.

Snelrewaard was a separate municipality from 1817 to 1989, when it was merged with Oudewater.

It was first mentioned around 1307 as Snoyelrewaert, and means "land near water belonging to Snel (polder)". Snelrewaard has place name signs. In 1840, it was home to 140 people.
David Phillips Jones
David Phillips Jones more commonly known as 'Ponty' Jones (10 December 1881 – 9 January 1936) was a Welsh international rugby union wing player who played club rugby for several teams, most notably Pontypool and London Welsh. He won a single cap for Wales in 1907.

Jones was a mining surveyor by profession, and was also a classically trained harpist. A keen sportsman, he also played soccer and once had a Welsh amateur trial. During the First World War he joined the British Army and served in the South Wales Borderers. He died of pneumonia in 1936.

London Welsh RFC
London Welsh Rugby Football Club was a rugby union club formed in 1885. Based in Old Deer Park, Richmond-upon-Thames, London Welsh RFC played in the English Premiership in the 2012–13 and 2014–15 seasons, after gaining promotion from the RFU Championship in the 2012 and 2014 play-off final. The club returned to Old Deer Park in 2015 after three seasons at the Kassam Stadium, Oxford.

The club went into liquidation in December 2016 and was given a temporary licence to complete two fixtures in the Championship. Chairman at the time Bleddyn Phillips claimed to have sold the club to a California-based investment group led by Welshman Trevor Owen Shaw, but no contract or funds ever materialised.

On 24 January 2017 it was announced that London Welsh had been removed from the RFU Championship and their results expunged. The RFU stated that their place in the league was "untenable" and the club were dissolved. The remnants of the defunct club were amalgamated into their amateur set up.
Athenry (barony)
Athenry (Irish: Baile Átha an Rí) is a historical barony in County Galway, Ireland.

Baronies were mainly cadastral rather than administrative units. They acquired modest local taxation and spending functions in the 19th century before being superseded by the Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898.

Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898
The Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898 (61 & 62 Vict. c. 37) was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland that established a system of local government in Ireland similar to that already created for England and Wales by the Local Government Act 1888 (51 & 52 Vict. c. 41) and for Scotland by the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1889 (52 & 53 Vict. c. 50). The act effectively ended landlord control of local government in Ireland.
John Welles (MP for Windsor)
John Welles (by 1485 – 1515/18), of New Windsor, Berkshire, was an English Member of Parliament.

He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for New Windsor in 1510, 1512 and 1515. Little is known of his life, but no children were mentioned in his will.

Windsor (UK Parliament constituency)
Windsor (/ˈwɪnzə/) is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2024 by Jack Rankin of the Conservative Party. It is in both Berkshire and Surrey.

Windsor has had parliamentary representation for centuries, first sending a member of parliament in 1301. In 1918, the Windsor parliamentary borough was abolished and absorbed into the new Windsor county seat. The constituency was re-created for the 1997 general election after it was abolished following the 1970 general election and replaced by the Windsor and Maidenhead constituency.

Its settlements include Ascot, Datchet, Eton, Sunningdale, Windsor (its namesake), Wraysbury, Virginia Water, as well as Englefield Green.
Thinkhaya of Pagan
Thinkhaya (Burmese: သင်္ခယာ, pronounced [θɪ̀ɴkʰəjà]; also known as Uzana) was governor of Pagan (Bagan), a vassal state of Ava. According to the royal chronicles, he was governor of Pagan from at least since 1380/81 and at least until 1410 when he fought in the Forty Years' War against the southern Hanthawaddy kingdom.

A contemporary stone inscription states his title as Athinkhaya, lord of Pagan. The inscription also states that King Minkhaung I and Razadarit had just exchanged htis (royal white umbrellas), meaning they had agreed to a peace treaty, in 764 ME (1402/1403).

He was the father of Gov. Saw Shwe Khet of Prome, Queen Soe Min Wimala Dewi of Hanthawaddy, Queen Atula Thiri Maha Yaza Dewi of Ava, Cmdr. Uzana of the Southern Cavalry, and Gov. Thinkhaya of Sagu. He was also the maternal grandfather of King Leik Munhtaw of Hanthawaddy and King Thihathura of Ava.

Thinkhaya was succeeded by Tarabya as governor of Pagan in 1413. It is unclear if he had died or was replaced.

Hti
Hti (Burmese: ထီး; MLCTS: hti:, IPA: [tʰí]; Mon: ဍိုၚ် [daŋ]; Shan: ထီး [tʰi˦]), a Burmese language word meaning umbrella, is the name of the finial ornament that tops almost all Burmese pagodas. The chatra umbrella or parasol is an auspicious symbol in Buddhism and Hinduism.
Kseniya Karandyuk
Kseniya Karandyuk (born 21 June 1986) is a Ukrainian sprinter who specializes in the 400 metres.

In the 4 x 400 metres relay she finished sixth at the 2006 European Championships. She also competed at the 2008 Olympic relay team that failed to reach the final, and the 2007 European Indoor Championships team that was disqualified.

Her personal best times are 23.71 seconds in the 200 metres, achieved in May 2006 in Yalta; and 52.19 seconds in the 400 metres, achieved in July 2006 in Kyiv.

2007 European Athletics Indoor Championships
The 2007 European Athletics Indoor Championships were held in the National Indoor Arena (NIA) in Birmingham, England, from Friday, 2 March to Sunday, 4 March 2007. Birmingham also held the 2003 IAAF World Indoor Championships.
Akbar Shah (diamond)
The Akbar Shāh, also known as the "Lustre of the Peacock Throne", is a diamond dating back to the Mughal dynasty of India. It is an irregular, pear-shaped diamond with a light green hue, weighing 73.60 carat.

The names of three Mughal emperors Akbar, Jahangir and Shah Jahan were elegantly listed on its sides, which makes it prominent.

Carat (mass)
The carat (ct) is a unit of mass equal to 200 mg (0.00705 oz; 0.00643 ozt), which is used for measuring gemstones and pearls.
The current definition, sometimes known as the metric carat, was adopted in 1907 at the Fourth General Conference on Weights and Measures, and soon afterwards in many countries around the world. The carat is divisible into 100 points of 2 mg. Other subdivisions, and slightly different mass values, have been used in the past in different locations.

In terms of diamonds, a paragon is a flawless stone of at least 100 carats (20 g).

The ANSI X.12 EDI standard abbreviation for the carat is CD.
Marcia: Greatest Hits 1975–1983
Marcia: Greatest Hits 1975–1983 is a compilation album released on 22 November 2004. 
It was released just two months after the release of Hinesight.

The album contains tracks taken from the albums, Marcia Shines, Shining, Ladies and Gentlemen, Ooh Child, Take it From the Boys and Love Sides.

In 2020, the album was released digitally with a slightly altered track listing. The first 17 songs are the same, but tracks 18-27 were not on the original release.

Marcia Shines
Marcia Shines is the debut studio album as a solo artist for American-Australian singer Marcia Hines. Hines had been resident in Australia since 1970. Marcia Shines was released in October 1975, and peaked at number 4 in January 1976.
Marcia Shines was the biggest selling album by an Australian female artist in 1975. In November 1976, Hines was given a platinum award for this album. It was the highest selling album by an Australian female artist at the time.
The Reader Is Warned
The Reader is Warned is a mystery novel by the American writer John Dickson Carr, who published it under the name of Carter Dickson. It is a whodunit and features the series detective Sir Henry Merrivale.

Whodunit
A whodunit (less commonly spelled as whodunnit; a colloquial elision of "Who [has] done it?") is a complex plot-driven variety of detective fiction in which the puzzle regarding who committed the crime is the main focus. The reader or viewer is provided with the clues to the case, from which the identity of the perpetrator may be deduced before the story provides the revelation itself at its climax. The investigation is usually conducted by an eccentric, amateur, or semi-professional detective.
Eastman (crater)
Eastman is a crater on Mercury first seen by MESSENGER during the mission's first Mercury flyby. Eastman exhibits some features characteristic of a fresh, relatively young crater. The walls of Eastman have clearly visible terraces, and the central peak structure is well preserved. Eastman is located near Xiao Zhao crater.

It is named for Charles Eastman (Santee Dakota), known as one of the first Native American to graduate from an American medical school, Boston University, and to be licensed as a doctor. He worked on Sioux reservations in South Dakota, where he met and married Elaine Goodale from Massachusetts, who headed BIA schools. They had several children together. In later life he became known as an important author of the Native American culture, publishing nine books about his Santee Sioux childhood.  The crater was named in July 2009 by the IAU.

Charles Eastman
Charles Alexander Eastman (born Hakadah, later named Ohíyesa, February 19, 1858 – January 8, 1939) was an American physician, writer, and social reformer. He was "one of the most prolific authors and speakers on Sioux ethnohistory and American Indian affairs" in the early 20th century.

Eastman was of Santee Dakota, English and French ancestry. After working as a physician on reservations in South Dakota, he became increasingly active in politics and issues on Native American rights. He worked to improve the lives of youths: he founded thirty-two Native American chapters of the YMCA and helped to found the Boy Scouts of America. He was an early Native American historian.
2005 European Championship of Ski Mountaineering
The 2005 European Championship of Ski Mountaineering (Catalan: Campionat d’Europa d’Esquí de Muntanya 2005) was the sixth European Championship of ski mountaineering and was held in Andorra from March 1, 2005 to March 5, 2005. The competition was organized by the International Council for Ski Mountaineering Competitions (ISMC) of the Union Internationale des Associations d'Alpinisme (UIAA).

International Climbing and Mountaineering Federation
The International Climbing and Mountaineering Federation, commonly known by its French name Union internationale des associations d'alpinisme (UIAA; French for 'International Union of Alpine Clubs'), was founded in August 1932 in Chamonix, France when 20 mountaineering associations met for an alpine congress. Count Charles Egmond d'Arcis, from Switzerland, was chosen as the first president and it was decided by the founding members that the UIAA would be an international federation which would be in charge of the "study and solution of all problems regarding mountaineering". The UIAA Safety Label was created in 1960 and was internationally approved in 1965 and currently (2015) has a global presence on five continents with 86 member associations in 62 countries representing over 3 million people.
Scythropiodes malivora
Scythropiodes malivora is a moth in the family Lecithoceridae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1930. It is found in Korea, Japan (Honshu, Hiroshima), China (Manchuria) and the Russian Far East.

The wingspan is 23–28 mm.

The larvae have been recorded feeding on Pyrus malus, Malus pumila, Castanea crenata and Lagerstroemia indica.

Lecithoceridae
The Lecithoceridae, or long-horned moths, are a family of small moths described by Simon Le Marchand in 1947. Although lecithocerids are found throughout the world, the great majority are found in the Indomalayan realm and the southern part of the Palaearctic realm.
Ole Enger (chief executive)
Ole Enger (born 14 March 1948) is a Norwegian businessperson.

He holds a Cand.agric. degree from the Norwegian College of Agriculture. He was employed by Nordsildmel from 1971, then Norsk Hydro from 1986 where he among others was the chief executive of Hydro Seafood. He was then the chief executive officer of Elkem from 1992 to 2006, Sapa Group from 2006 to 2009 and Renewable Energy Corporation from 2009 to 2013.

Enger has also been chairman of Norsk Gjenvinning Norge and Nel.

Norsk Hydro
Norsk Hydro ASA (often referred to as just Hydro) is a Norwegian aluminium and renewable energy company, headquartered in Oslo.  It is one of the largest aluminium companies worldwide.  It has operations in some 50 countries around the world and is active on all continents.  The Norwegian state owns 34.3% of the company through the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Fisheries.  A further 6.5% is owned by Folketrygdfond, which administers the Government Pension Fund of Norway.  Norsk Hydro employs approximately 35,000 people. Eivind Kallevik has been the CEO since May, 2024, following Hilde Merete Aasheim. Rune Bjerke has been the Chairman since 2024 and Magnus Aakvaag (the grandson of former CEO Torvild Aakvaag) serves as a strategic advisor.

Hydro had a significant presence in the oil and gas industry until October 2007, when these operations were merged with Statoil to form StatoilHydro (in 2009 changed back to Statoil, which is now called Equinor).
Irish Republic (1798)
The Irish Republic of 1798, more commonly known as the Republic of Connacht, was a short-lived state proclaimed during the Irish Rebellion of 1798 that resulted from the French Revolutionary Wars. A sister republic of the French Republic, it theoretically covered the whole island of Ireland, but its functional control was limited to only very small parts of the Province of Connacht. Opposing British forces were deployed across most of the country including the main towns such as Dublin, Belfast and Cork.

Sister republic
Sister republics (French: république sœur, pronounced [ʁepyblik sœʁ] ⓘ) were satellite states of the French Republic set up in the territories captured by the victorious French Army during the French Revolutionary Wars; like their protector, they were revolutionary republics. This became particularly evident after the First French Empire was established in 1804, after which France annexed several sister republics and transformed the remainder into monarchies ruled by members of the House of Bonaparte.
Hamilton Group
The Hamilton Group is a Devonian-age geological group which is located in the Appalachian region of the United States. It is present in New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Ohio, West Virginia, northwestern Virginia and Ontario, Canada, and is mainly composed of marine shale with some sandstone.

There are two main formations encompassed by the group: the Mahantango Formation and the Marcellus Shale. In southwestern Virginia, where the two sub-units are not easily distinguishable, the Hamilton Group is broadly equivalent to the Millboro Shale or Millboro Formation.

The group is named for the village of Hamilton, New York. These rocks are the oldest strata of the Devonian gas shale sequence.

Stratum
In geology and related fields, a stratum (pl.: strata) is a layer of rock or sediment characterized by certain lithologic properties or attributes that distinguish it from adjacent layers from which it is separated by visible surfaces known as either bedding surfaces or bedding planes. Prior to the publication of the International Stratigraphic Guide, older publications have defined a stratum as being either equivalent to a single bed or composed of a number of beds; as a layer greater than 1 cm in thickness and constituting a part of a bed; or a general term that includes both bed and lamina. Related terms are substrate and substratum (pl.substrata), a stratum underlying another stratum.