hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sterculia guttata
Sterculia guttata, the spotted sterculia, is a species of plant in the family Malvaceae. It is native to India, Bangladesh, the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Myanmar, Thailand, and Laos. Extracts from its seeds have been tested for use as an insecticide against mosquito larvae.

Malvaceae
Malvaceae (/mælˈveɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/), or the mallows, is a family of flowering plants estimated to contain 244 genera with 4225 known species. Well-known members of economic importance include cacao, cola, cotton, okra, roselle and durian. There are also some genera containing familiar ornamentals, such as Alcea (hollyhock), Malva (mallow), and Tilia (lime or linden tree). The genera with the largest numbers of species include Hibiscus (434 species), Pavonia (291 species), Sida (275 species), Ayenia (216 species), Dombeya (197 species), and Sterculia (181 species).
Menka (queen)
Menka was thought to be the name of an ancient Egyptian queen consort of the late Second Dynasty, and appears as such in a few publications. However, a review of the evidence makes it likely that a woman called Menka was never a queen.

Queen consort
A queen consort  is the wife of a reigning king, and usually shares her spouse's social rank and status. She holds the feminine equivalent of the king's monarchical titles and may be crowned and anointed, but historically she does not formally share the king's political and military powers, unless on occasion acting as regent.  In polygynous societies, a (male) monarch has a principal or senior wife.

In contrast, a queen regnant is a female monarch who rules suo jure (Latin for, "in her own right") and usually becomes queen by inheriting the throne upon the death of the previous monarch.

A queen dowager is a widowed queen consort, and a queen mother is a queen dowager who is the mother of the current monarch.
Owen Springs Station
23°52′34″S 133°28′12″E﻿ / ﻿23.876116°S 133.469961°E﻿ / -23.876116; 133.469961﻿ (Owen Springs Station)

Owen Springs Station, now known as Owen Springs Reserve is a former pastoral station and now a 1,570-square-kilometre (606 sq mi) nature reserve west of Alice Springs in the Northern Territory of Australia. The Hugh River and Waterhouse Range (Urehne Pwetere) run through the reserve. It also features the first pastoral homestead built in Central Australia.

The traditional owners of this land are the Western and Central Arrernte people who have lived on Owen Springs Station and adjoining land for thousands of years.

Central Australia
Central Australia, also sometimes referred to as the Red Centre, is an inexactly defined region associated with the geographic centre of Australia. In its narrowest sense it describes a region that is limited to the town of Alice Springs and its immediate surrounds including the MacDonnell Ranges. Commonly, it refers to an area up to 600 km (370 mi) from Alice Springs, in every direction. In its broadest use it can include almost any region in inland Australia that has remained relatively undeveloped, and in this sense is synonymous with the term Outback.

In a modern, more formal sense it can refer to the administrative region used by the Northern Territory government, as of 2022.

Centralia is another term associated with the area, most commonly used by locals.
1947 Grand Prix du Comminges
The 13th Grand Prix du Comminges was a non-championship Formula One motor race held in Saint-Gaudens on 10 August 1947. The race was held over 30 laps and was won by Louis Chiron in a Talbot-Lago. Yves Giraud-Cabantous and Eugène Chaboud were second and third, also in Talbot-Lagos. After more than two and a half hours racing, only 0.5 seconds separated Chiron and Yves-Cabantous. Maserati drivers Luigi Villoresi and Dorino Serafini respectively started from pole position and set fastest lap but both retired in separate accidents.

Dorino Serafini
Teodoro "Dorino" Serafini (22 July 1909 – 5 July 2000) was an Italian racing driver and motorcycle road racer who most notably finished second in his only Formula One World Championship race for Ferrari, the 1950 Italian Grand Prix.

As he shared his drive at Monza on 3 September 1950 with Alberto Ascari, Serafini was awarded only half of the six available points for second place, yet he remains the only Formula One driver to have scored a podium finish in every World Championship Grand Prix they ever entered, even if only one race is taken into account.
S/2006 S 20
S/2006 S 20 is a natural satellite of Saturn. Its discovery was announced by Scott S. Sheppard, Brett J. Gladman, Edward Ashton, David C. Jewitt and Jan Kleyna on May 23, 2023 from observations taken between January 5, 2006 and July 9, 2021.

S/2006 S 20 is about 5 kilometers in diameter, and orbits Saturn at an average distance of 13.193 million km in 563.89 days, at an inclination of 174.9°, in a retrograde direction and with an eccentricity of 0.206. S/2006 S 20 belongs to the Norse group and it could possibly be a Phoebe subgroup member like S/2006 S 9. S/2006 S 20 is likely to be a fragment piece that split off of Phoebe from a collision with an asteroid or another moon.

David C. Jewitt
David Clifford Jewitt (born 1958) is an astronomer who studies the Solar System, especially its minor bodies. He is based at the University of California, Los Angeles, where he is a Member of the Institute for Geophysics and Planetary Physics, the Director of the Institute for Planets and Exoplanets, Professor of Astronomy in the Department of Physics and Astronomy and Professor of Astronomy in the Department of Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences. He is best known for being the first person (along with Jane Luu) to discover a body beyond Pluto and Charon in the Kuiper belt.
Portrait of Arthur Atherley
Portrait of Arthur Atherley is an oil on canvas portrait painting by the British artist Thomas Lawrence, from 1791–1792. It depicts a young Englishman, Arthur Atherley, who had recently attended Eton College. It is also known as Arthur Atherley as an Etonian.

Atherley was around twenty when the painting was done. He is shown as an Old Etonian. Behind him can be seen the building of Eton College Chapel.  Richard Holmes suggests "the exuberant colour scheme, piercing gaze and restless posture suggest a spirited young man in a state of change and formation". Atherley went on to serve as the Whig Member of Parliament for Southampton for many years without attaining high office.

The painting was prominently displayed the Royal Academy's Summer Exhibition of 1792. Today it is in the collection of the Los Angeles County Museum of Art.

Southampton (UK Parliament constituency)
Southampton was a parliamentary constituency which was represented in the English and, after 1707, British House of Commons. Centred on the town of Southampton, it returned two members of parliament (MPs) from 1295 until it was abolished for the 1950 general election.
Envoy Extraordinary (novella)
"Envoy Extraordinary" is a 1956 novella by British writer William Golding, first published by Eyre & Spottiswoode as one third of the collection Sometime, Never, alongside "Consider Her Ways" by John Wyndham and "Boy in Darkness" by Mervyn Peake. It was later published in 1971 as the second of three novellas in Golding's collection The Scorpion God.

The story concerns an inventor who anachronistically brings the steam engine to ancient Rome, along with three of the Four Great Inventions of China (gunpowder, the compass, and the printing press).

Golding later adapted "Envoy Extraordinary" into a play called The Brass Butterfly, first performed in Oxford in 1958 starring Alistair Sim and George Cole.

Leighton Hodson compares it to "The Rewards of Industry" from Richard Garnett's 1888 collection The Twilight of the Gods and Other Tales, in which three Chinese brothers bring printing, gunpowder and chess to the West, but only chess is accepted.

The Twilight of the Gods and Other Tales
The Twilight of the Gods and Other Tales is a collection of fantasy short stories by Richard Garnett, generally considered a classic in the genre. Its title notwithstanding, the collection "has nothing to do with the Norse gods—although it draws upon everything else, from Arabic legends and Chinese fairy tales to Roman history and Greek mythology." The title story actually concerns the release of Prometheus, upon the ultimate eclipse of Greek paganism by Christianity, from the torture to which he was sentenced by Zeus.
Telemark University College
Telemark University College (TUC, Norwegian: Høgskolen i Telemark, HiT) was, until its merger, the fourth largest university college in Norway. The University College had about 7000 students, split between four locations in Bø, Notodden, Porsgrunn, Rauland and Drammen.

Drammen
Drammen (Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈdrɑ̀mːən] ⓘ) is a city and municipality in Buskerud county, Norway. The port and river city of Drammen is centrally located in the south-eastern and most populated part of Norway. Drammen municipality also includes smaller towns and villages such as Konnerud, Svelvik, Mjøndalen and Skoger.
Rugowithius bulbosus
Rugowithius bulbosus is a species of pseudoscorpion in the Withiidae family. It was described in 2015 by Australian arachnologist Mark Harvey. The specific epithet bulbosus (Latin: 'swollen') refers to the swollen basal region of the pedipalpal femur.

Pseudoscorpion
Pseudoscorpions, also known as false scorpions or book scorpions, are small, scorpion-like arachnids belonging to the order Pseudoscorpiones, also known as Pseudoscorpionida or Chelonethida.

Pseudoscorpions are generally beneficial to humans because they prey on clothes moth larvae, carpet beetle larvae, booklice, ants, mites, and small flies. They are common in many environments, but they are rarely noticed due to their small size. When people see pseudoscorpions, especially indoors, they often mistake them for ticks or small spiders. Pseudoscorpions often carry out phoresis, a form of commensalism in which one organism uses another for the purpose of transport.
Alangayam
Alangayam is a Selection Grade Town Panchayat in Tirupathur district  in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. It is located at 18 km from Vaniyambadi.

Alangayam is 8 km from the famous Vainu Bappu Observatory in Kavalur. This town is surrounded by mountains on all sides, which keeps Alangayam at a moderate temperature for most of the year.

Alangayam comprises villages named Kalai Koil, Peddur, Badakuppam, Pulugarpalli, Gejjaloor, Bunkur, Nadumiyur, Rajapalayam, MGR Nagar, Narasingapuram, Kallaraipatti and Konkiyur.

Alangayam is a Town Panchayat in district of Thirupattur, Tamil Nadu. The Alangayam Town Panchayat is divided into 15 wards. Alangayam Town Panchayat has population of 18,327 of which 9,059 are males while 9,268 are females as per report released by Census India 2011.

Nagar panchayat
A nagar panchayat (transl. 'town council') or town panchayat or Notified Area Council (NAC) in India is a settlement in transition from rural to urban and therefore a form of an urban political unit comparable to a municipality. An urban centre with more than 12,000 and less than 40,000 inhabitants is classified as a nagar panchayat. The population requirement for a town panchayat can vary from state to state.

Such councils are formed under the panchayati raj administrative system. In census data, the abbreviation T.P. is used to indicate a "town panchayat". Tamil Nadu was the first state to introduce the panchayat town as an intermediate step between rural villages and urban local bodies (ULB). The structure and the functions of the nagar panchayat are decided by the state government.
Minnesota State Highway 610
State Highway 610 (MN 610) is an east–west freeway in the Twin Cities region of Minnesota. The freeway connects Interstate 94 (I-94), County Road 81 (CR 81), and CR 130 in northern Hennepin County to U.S. Highway 10 (US 10) in southern Anoka County. MN 610 crosses the Mississippi River on the Richard P. Braun Bridge between suburban Brooklyn Park and Coon Rapids. The highway is 12.3 miles (19.8 km) long.

The freeway was authorized in 1975, and most of the sections were completed by 2000 (7.2 mi or 11.6 km); the 2.6-mile (4.2 km) section westward to CR 81 in Maple Grove was completed and opened in 2011. The Minnesota Department of Transportation (MnDOT) opened the segment extending to I-94 on December 9, 2016 and in November 2025 opened the final connections westward to CR 30.

Minnesota Department of Transportation
The Minnesota Department of Transportation (MnDOT, /mɪndɑːt/) oversees transportation by all modes including land, water, air, rail, walking and bicycling in the U.S. state of Minnesota. The cabinet-level agency is responsible for maintaining the state's trunk highway system (including state highways, U.S. Highways, and Interstate Highways), funding municipal airports and maintaining radio navigation aids, and other activities.
Scripta Geologica
Scripta Geologica is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that publishes on vertebrate and invertebrate palaeontology, palaeobotany/palynology, stratigraphy, petrology, and mineralogy, including gemmology with a focus on systematics. It is published by the Dutch National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis.

Scripta Geologica was established in 1881 as Sammlungen des geologischen Reichsmuseums in Leiden (1881-1923), changing its title to Leidse Geologische Mededelingen in 1925 (originally spelled as Leidsche Geologische Mededeelingen). From 1971, the latter title was published in parallel with Scripta Geologica until they were merged in 1985.

Systematics
Systematics is the study of the diversification of living forms, both past and present, and the relationships among living things through time. Relationships are visualized as evolutionary trees (synonyms: phylogenetic trees, phylogenies).  Phylogenies have two components: branching order (showing group relationships, graphically represented in cladograms) and branch length (showing amount of evolution).  Phylogenetic trees of species and higher taxa are used to study the evolution of traits (e.g., anatomical or molecular characteristics) and the distribution of organisms (biogeography). Systematics, in other words, is used to understand the evolutionary history of life on Earth.

The word systematics is derived from the Latin word of Ancient Greek origin systema, which means systematic arrangement of organisms. Carl Linnaeus used 'Systema Naturae' as the title of his book.
Mayor of Milan
The mayor of Milan (Italian: sindaco di Milano; Lombard: sindech de Milan) is the first citizen and head of the municipal government of the city of Milan in Lombardy, Italy. The incumbent mayor is Giuseppe Sala, a centre-left independent who won the 2016 Milan municipal election, leading a progressive alliance composed of the Democratic Party, Green Europe, and some civic lists. He won a second term after the 2021 Milan municipal election.

Lombard language
The Lombard language (Lombard: lombard, lumbard, lumbart or lombart, depending on the orthography; pronunciation: [lumˈbaːrt, lomˈbart]) belongs to the Gallo-Italic group within the Romance languages. It is characterized by a Celtic linguistic substratum and a Lombardic linguistic superstratum and is a cluster of homogeneous dialects that are spoken by millions of speakers in Northern Italy and southern Switzerland.  These include most of Lombardy and some areas of the neighbouring regions, notably the far eastern side of Piedmont and the extreme western side of Trentino, and in Switzerland in the cantons of Ticino and Graubünden. The language is also spoken in Santa Catarina in Brazil by Lombard immigrants from the Province of Bergamo, in Italy.
Tony McWalter
Joseph Anthony McWalter, generally known as Tony McWalter, (born 20 March 1945 in Worksop) is a politician in the United Kingdom. He was the Labour Party and Co-operative Member of Parliament for Hemel Hempstead between 1997 and 2005.

Worksop
Worksop (/ˈwɜːrksɒp/ WURK-sop) is a market town in the Bassetlaw District in Nottinghamshire, England. Located close to Nottinghamshire's borders with South Yorkshire and Derbyshire, it is on the River Ryton and not far from the northern edge of Sherwood Forest. The population of the town was recorded at 44,733 in the 2021 Census. To the south of Worksop is the area of the Dukeries.
The National Gain
The National Gain (Swedish title: Den Nationnale Winsten) is the main work of the Swedish-Finnish scientist, philosopher and politician Anders Chydenius, published in 1765. In this thesis Chydenius argues in favour of free export trade rights for the province of Ostrobothnia and lays down the principles of liberalism and the free markets – for example, free trade and industry – eleven years before Adam Smith in The Wealth of Nations (1776).
The book also includes a description of what Smith later dubbed the "invisible hand". In the book, Chydenius attacks the export subsidy as an example of the harmful effects of government intervention on the domestic economy.

Ostrobothnia (historical province)
Ostrobothnia (Swedish: Österbotten; Finnish: Pohjanmaa) is a historical province comprising a large portion of western and northern Finland. Before the Treaty of Fredrikshamn in 1809, Ostrobothnia was part of Sweden. It is bounded by Karelia, Savo, Tavastia (Häme) and Satakunta in the south, the Bothnian Sea, Bothnian Bay and Swedish Norrbotten in the west, Lapland in the north and Russia in the east.
Deepalaya
Deepalaya is an Indian non-governmental organization that aids the development of the urban and rural poor in India, with a focus on children. Founded in 1979, it is headquartered in Delhi. Deepalaya primarily serves the urban slums of Delhi, but also works on rural development in the states of Haryana and Uttarakhand. Deepalaya's focus is on sparking sustainable development from within a community.

From 2009–2010, 23.18% of Deepalaya's total income came from donations and 52.37% from government grants. HSBC India also supports Deepalaya through donations and voluntary works. Deepalaya experienced US$236,741.42 in deficit for this period.

Donation
A donation is a gift for charity, humanitarian aid, or to benefit a cause. A donation may take various forms, including money, alms, services, or goods such as clothing, toys, food, or vehicles. A donation may satisfy medical needs such as blood or organs for transplant.

Charitable donations of goods or services are also called gifts in kind.
Addison Township, Pennsylvania
Addison Township is a township in Somerset County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 932 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Johnstown, Pennsylvania, Metropolitan Statistical Area. The township is named for Alexander Addison, the first president judge (the chief judge within a U.S. judicial district) overseeing Somerset County.

Alexander Addison (judge)
Alexander Addison (1758–1807) was the first judge appointed to the position of president judge of the Fifth Judicial District of Pennsylvania-the area encompassing most of Western Pennsylvania of the newly formed United States of America.
The Boys on the Bus
The Boys on the Bus (1973) is a non-fiction book by author Timothy Crouse detailing life on the road for reporters covering the 1972 United States presidential election.

The book was one of the first treatises on pack journalism ever to be published, following in the footsteps of Gay Talese's 1969 "fly on the wall" look into the New York Times called The Kingdom and the Power.

The Boys on the Bus evolved out of several articles Crouse had written for Rolling Stone. When released, the book became a best-seller.

Several notable reporters are at turns critiqued, lampooned and glorified in the book, including R.W. "Johnny" Apple, Robert Novak, Walter Mears, Haynes Johnson, David Broder, Hunter S. Thompson, Thomas Oliphant, Curtis Wilkie, Carl Leubsdorf,  and Jules Witcover. Politicians discussed include Richard Nixon and George McGovern. Later editions of the book contain a foreword by Thompson.

Gay Talese
Gaetano "Gay" Talese (/təˈliːz/; born February 7, 1932) is an American writer. As a journalist for The New York Times and Esquire magazine during the 1960s, he helped to define contemporary literary journalism and is considered, along with  Joan Didion, Truman Capote, Norman Mailer, Hunter S. Thompson and Tom Wolfe, one of the pioneers of New Journalism. Talese's most famous articles are about Joe DiMaggio and Frank Sinatra.
Sascha Marquet
Sascha Marquet (born 7 November 1989) is a German footballer who plays as a forward or attacking midfielder.

In his youth he went through the ranks of five clubs from his hometown Leverkusen: SSV Lützenkirchen, SV Schlebusch, TuS Quettingen (until 2004), VfL Leverkusen (2004–07) and Bayer Leverkusen (2007–08).

Leverkusen
Leverkusen (German: [ˈleːvɐˌkuːzn̩] ⓘ) is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, on the eastern bank of the Rhine. To the south, Leverkusen borders the city of Cologne, and to the north the state capital, Düsseldorf. The city is part of the Rhine-Ruhr Metropolitan Region, one of Europe's largest urban areas.

With about 163,000 inhabitants, Leverkusen is one of the state's smaller cities. The city is known for the pharmaceutical company Bayer and its sports club Bayer Leverkusen.
Facing Ali (book)
Facing Ali is a 2002 book authored by Stephen Brunt; it is about fifteen different fighters from around the world who battled with Muhammad Ali in boxing fights. In each chapter of the book, one of the selected fighters recalls the experience of fighting with Ali. The profiled fighters include Ali's famous opponents like George Foreman, Joe Frazier, Larry Holmes, and Ken Norton; and also the relatively obscure like the German butcher Jurgen Blin who "was back at work at the sausage factory" after having fought with Ali the previous day. Other fighters profiled in the book include Tunney Hunsaker, Jean Pierre Coopman, Henry Cooper, Ron Lyle, Chuck Wepner, and George Chuvalo.

According to the Houston Chronicle:

The results of the experiment -- Ali as connective tissue that binds a colorful set of profiles -- are unique because Brunt's sources viewed Ali in a setting that yields its own peculiar kinds of insight, both about Ali and about the other fighters.

Henry Cooper
Sir Henry Cooper (3 May 1934 – 1 May 2011) was a British professional boxer. He was undefeated in British and Commonwealth heavyweight championship contests for twelve years and held the European heavyweight title for three years. In a 1963 fight against a young Cassius Clay (later known as Muhammad Ali), he knocked Clay down in round 4, before the fight was stopped by the referee, Tommy Little, in round 5 because of a cut to Cooper's left eye caused by Clay.

In 1966 he fought Ali for a second time. Ali was then world heavyweight champion. However, Cooper again lost by technical knockout. Cooper was twice voted BBC Sports Personality of the Year and, after retiring in 1971 following a controversial loss to Joe Bugner, remained a popular public figure. He is the only British boxer to have been awarded a knighthood.
Louise Sorel
Louise Jacqueline Sorel (née Cohen; born August 6, 1940) is an American actress. She is perhaps best known for her role as Vivian Alamain in Days of Our Lives from 1992-2000, 2009-2011, 2017-2018, 2020, 2023 & 2025-present Augusta Lockridge on Santa Barbara from 1984-1991; and Emily Tanner on Beacon Hill since 2014.

Requiem for Methuselah
"Requiem for Methuselah" is the nineteenth episode of the third season of the American science fiction television series Star Trek. Written by Jerome Bixby and directed by Murray Golden, it was first broadcast on February 14, 1969.

In the episode, the crew of the Enterprise encounters an immortal human.

Its repeat broadcast, on September 2, 1969, was the last official telecast of the series to air on NBC. Star Trek immediately appeared in syndication on the following Monday, September 8, a full three years after its debut.