hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Vadim Charushev
Vadim Charushev is a Russian political activist who was forced into psychiatric confinement in Russia for two weeks in March 2009.

According to his lawyer, Charushev was detained by police and then forcibly hospitalized on March 6, 2009. He was released two weeks later after a public campaign in his favor.

Charuzev is the creator and moderator of many political opposition discussion groups on a Russian social networking group, Vkontakte.

Many of Charuzev's relatives believe his confinement was a punishment for his political activity.

VK (service)
VK (short for its original name VKontakte; Russian: ВКонтакте, lit. 'InContact') is a Russian online social media and social networking service based in Saint Petersburg. VK is available in multiple languages but it is predominantly used by Russian speakers. VK users can message each other publicly or privately, edit messages, create groups, public pages, and events; share and tag images, audio, and video; and play browser-based games.

As of August 2018, VK had at least 500 million accounts. As of November 2022, it was the sixth most popular website in Russia. The network was also popular in Ukraine until it was banned by the Supreme Council in 2017.

According to Semrush, in 2024, VK was the 30th most visited website in the world; as YouTube is subject to blocking in Russia, VK Video overtook Google's top position in monthly web traffic for the first time in December 2024, as part of the major substitution to domestic business.
Antoniadis
Antoniadis or Antoniades (Greek: Αντωνιάδης, romanized: Antōniadēs, phonetically Antoniádhis) is a Greek surname. The female version of the name is Antoniadou (Αντωνιάδου) or Antoniadi (Αντωνιάδη). Antoniadis is a patronymic surname which literally means "the child of Antonis". Notable examples include:

Antonios Antoniadis (born 1946), Greek medical professor

Antonis Antoniadis (born 1946), Greek footballer

Antonis Antoniadis (admiral) (born 1946), Greek naval officer

Dimitrios Antoniadis (born 1992), Greek cyclist

Eleni Antoniadou (born 1988), Greek public figure

Emmanouil Antoniadis (1791–1863), Greek revolutionary

Ignatios Antoniadis (born 1955), Greek theoretical physicist

John Antoniadis (born 1986), Greek astrophysicist

Nikolaos Antoniadis (born 1971), Greek sport shooter

Pantelis Antoniadis (born 1994), Greek footballer

Praxoula Antoniadou (born 1958), Cypriot politician

John Antoniadis
John Antoniadis (born August 11, 1986) also known as Ioannis Antoniadis (Greek: Ιωάννης Αντωνιάδης) is a Greek astrophysicist. 
He is mostly known for his research of radio pulsars, a type of rapidly rotating neutron stars.
ABC 1600
The ABC 1600 was a personal computer from Luxor that was introduced in 1985. It was built around the Motorola 68008 processor, had 1 megabyte of memory and used the operating system ABCenix, a Unix-like system developed from DNIX.

The ABC 1600 used monochrome graphics with a display resolution of 1024 × 768 and the screen could be turned 90° while in use depending on whether the user desired to work in standing (portrait) or horizontal (landscape) format. The hard disk had a capacity of 13 MB and the 5.25-inch floppy disk drive stored 640 KB.

The ABC 1656 was a 1600 model with a hard disk capacity of 40 MB or 80 MB instead.

Luxor AB
Luxor was a Swedish home electronics and computer manufacturer located in Motala, established in 1923 and acquired by Nokia in 1985. The brand name is now owned by Turkish company Vestel and is used for televisions sold in the Swedish market.

Originally a manufacturer of tape recorders, radios, television sets, stereo systems, and other home electronics, it launched its first home computer, the ABC 80 in 1978. The succeeding ABC 800 series was introduced in 1981 with new releases in 1983 being produced until the ABC line was terminated in 1986.
214 Aschera
214 Aschera is a Main belt asteroid. It was discovered by Austrian astronomer Johann Palisa on February 29, 1880, in Pola and was named after the Sidonian goddess Asherah. This minor planet is orbiting the Sun at a distance of 2.61 AU with a low eccentricity of 0.032 and an orbital period of 4.22 yr. The orbital plane is inclined at an angle of 3.44° to the plane of the ecliptic.

It is classified as a rare E-type asteroid and is fairly faint for an object of its type. The overall diameter is estimated to be 23 km and it has a geometric albedo of 0.52. Photometric data collected during September 2021 was used the generate a lightcurve for 214 Aschera. This showed a rotation period of 6.833±0.004 h with a brightness variation of 0.20 magnitude. Using a tri-axial ellipsoidal model derived from light curve data, the overall shape of the asteroid is estimated to be a/b = 1.24 ± 0.12 and b/c = 1.83 ± 0.10, where a, b, c are the three axes of an ellipsoid.

Johann Palisa
Johann Palisa (6 December 1848 – 2 May 1925) was an Austrian astronomer, born in Troppau, Austrian Silesia, now Czech Republic. He was a prolific discoverer of asteroids, discovering 122 in all, from 136 Austria in 1874 to 1073 Gellivara in 1923. Some of his notable discoveries include 153 Hilda, 216 Kleopatra, 243 Ida, 253 Mathilde, 324 Bamberga, and the near-Earth asteroid 719 Albert. Palisa made his discoveries without the aid of photography, and he remains the most successful visual (non-photographic) asteroid discoverer of all time. He was awarded the Valz Prize from the French Academy of Sciences in 1906. The asteroid 914 Palisana, discovered by Max Wolf in 1919, and the lunar crater Palisa were named in his honour.
Kiełpino, Pomeranian Voivodeship
Kiełpino [kʲɛu̯ˈpinɔ] (Cashubian Kôłpino) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kartuzy, within Kartuzy County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Kashubian language
Kashubian (/kəˈʃuːbiən/) or Cassubian (/kəˈsuːbiən/; endonym: kaszëbsczi jãzëk; Polish: język kaszubski) is a West Slavic language belonging to the Lechitic subgroup.

Approximately 87,600 people use mainly Kashubian at home. It is the only remnant of the Pomeranian language. It is close to standard Polish with influence from Low German and the extinct Polabian (West Slavic) and Old Prussian (West Baltic) languages.

The Kashubian language exists in two different forms: vernacular dialects used in rural areas, and literary variants used in education.
Hardington Moor
Hardington Moor (grid reference ST515130) is an 8.7 hectare biological Site of Special Scientific Interest between Hardington Mandeville and West Coker in Somerset, notified in 1994.

Hardington Moor National Nature Reserve covers partly calcareous clay-rich soils on sloping ground and comprises three meadows surrounded by established hedges. The meadows are examples of species-rich unimproved neutral grassland, which is now nationally rare. The rare French oat-grass is very abundant on the site and the fields are home to a wide variety of plant species, most notably adder's tongue, corky-fruited water-dropwort and large numbers of green-winged orchid. Invertebrates found at the site include butterflies such as gatekeeper, small tortoiseshell and common blue. Less commonly seen are large skipper, green-veined white and green hairstreak.

Gatekeeper (butterfly)
The gatekeeper or hedge brown (Pyronia tithonus) is a species of butterfly found across Europe. Given its preference for warmer weather, the restriction of range expansion can be assumed to be due to climate. Colonies vary in size depending on the available habitat, and can range from a few dozen to several thousand butterflies. Named for its rigorous patrol of hedges and woodland rides, the gatekeeper butterfly is a prime pollinator. The caterpillars primarily feed on fine grasses such as fescues (Festuca) and bents (Agrostis), which are common in meadows and roadside verges.
Semarang–Demak Toll Road
Semarang–Demak Toll Road is an under-construction controlled-access toll road that will connect Semarang with Demak in Java, Indonesia. The 24.7-kilometre (15.3 mi) toll road will act as a complement to the Trans-Java Toll Road. The toll road will increase accessibility and road network in the northern parts of Java. The toll road will be integrated with a sea dike at the northern beach of Semarang City, all the way until the Sayung River at Demak Regency.

The goal of constructing this toll road is to minimize congestion along the Semarang–Demak-Surabaya northern coast road of Java and also to the tourist cities in Demak, namely; Kadilangu/Sunan Kalijaga Tomb and Demak Great Mosque, as well as to overcome tidal flooding along the northern coast as a retaining sea wall guarder. The toll road is expected to be completed by 2021.

Demak Great Mosque
Demak Great Mosque (Indonesian: Masjid Agung Demak) is one of the oldest mosques in Indonesia, located in the center town of Demak, Central Java, Indonesia. The mosque is believed to have been built by the Wali Songo ("Nine Muslim Saints") with the most prominent figure, Sunan Kalijaga, during the first Demak Sultanate ruler, Raden Patah, during the 15th century.
2019–20 Coppa Italia
The 2019–20 Coppa Italia (branded as the Coppa Italia Coca-Cola for sponsorship reasons during the final) was the 73rd edition of the national cup in Italian football.

Lazio were the defending champions having won their seventh cup title in May 2019 against Atalanta, but were eliminated by Napoli in the quarter-finals. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy, both the second legs of the semi-finals and the final itself were postponed to June.

Napoli won the competition by defeating Juventus 4–2 on penalties in the final after a goalless draw, winning their sixth cup title, having won their fifth cup title in 2014.

Serie C
The Serie C (Italian pronunciation: [ˈsɛːrje ˈtʃi]), officially known as Serie C Sky Wifi for sponsorship purposes, is the third-highest division in the Italian football league system after the Serie B and Serie A. The Lega Italiana Calcio Professionistico (Lega Pro) is the governing body that operates the Serie C.

The unification of the Lega Pro Prima Divisione and the Lega Pro Seconda Divisione as Lega Pro Divisione Unica (often also abbreviated as Lega Pro) in 2014 reintroduced the format of the original Serie C that existed between 1935 and 1978 (before the split into Serie C1 and Serie C2). In May 2017, the Lega Pro assembly unanimously approved renaming the competition to its original name, Serie C.
Alexander Skochinsky
Alexander Alexandrovich Skochinsky (Russian: Александр Александрович Скочинский; 13 July [O.S. 1 July] 1874 — 6 October 1960) was a Russian and Soviet mining scientist, academician of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union (1935), the chairman of the West Siberian Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union (1944–1951).

Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union
The Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union was the highest scientific institution of the Soviet Union from 1925 to 1991. It united the country's leading scientists and was subordinated directly to the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union (until 1946 the Council of People's Commissars of the Soviet Union).

In 1991, by the decree of the President of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, the Russian Academy of Sciences was established on the basis of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union.
Donna Pescow
Donna Gail Pescow (born March 24, 1954) is an American film and television actress and director known as Annette in Saturday Night Fever, Angie Falco-Benson in Angie, Donna Garland in Out of This World and Eileen Stevens in Even Stevens.

Television director
A television director is in charge of the activities involved in making a television program or section of a program. They are generally responsible for decisions about the editorial content and creative style of a program, and ensuring the producer's vision is delivered. Their duties may include selecting cast members, conduct rehearsals, work with set designers, location scouts and art directors, originating program ideas, finding contributors, writing scripts, planning 'shoots', ensuring safety, leading the crew on location, directing contributors and presenters, and working with editors and music supervisors to assemble and make sure the final product meets the producer and director's vision. The work of a television director can vary widely depending on the nature of the program, the practices of the production company, whether the program content is factual or drama, and whether it is live or recorded.
Sivaganga Palace
Sivaganga Palace is a palace in Sivaganga district, Tamil Nadu, southern India, about 40 kilometres (25 mi) from Madurai. It is an old royal palace, with many historical connections. The palace was used as residence by queens Velu Nachiyar (1780–90), Vellacci Nachiyar (1790–93) and Rani Kaathama Nachiar (1864–77). No remains of the original Sivaganga Palace exist, but a new palace, known as "Gowri Vilasam", was built by Padamathur Gowry Vallabha Thevar (1801-1829) in the year 19th century. A heritage site of Chettinad, it was the property of Rani Velu Nachiar.

Vellacci
Vellacci or Vellachi Nachiyar (1770-1793) was the second ruling queen of Sivaganga estate in 1790–1793. She was the daughter of Muthu Vaduganatha Periyavudaya Thevar and Velu Nachiyar. She was made the heir to the throne of Sivagangai by her mother Velu Nachiyar after the recapture of Sivagangai from the East India Company. In 1791, Vellachi married to Vengum Periya Udaya Thevar. In 1793 she succumbed to an illness, as did her infant daughter who was 1 year old.
Gospel of Philip
The Gospel of Philip is a non-canonical Gnostic Gospel dated to around the 3rd century but lost in medieval times until rediscovered by accident, buried with other texts near Nag Hammadi in Egypt, in 1945.

The Gospel is not accepted as canonical by the Christian church. Although it may have some relationship to the beliefs expressed in the Gospel of Thomas, scholars are divided as to whether it should be read as a single discourse or as a collection of otherwise unrelated Valentinian sayings. Sacraments, in particular the sacrament of marriage, are a major theme. As in other texts often associated with what has been referred to as "Gnosticism," such as the Gospel of Thomas and Gospel of Mary, the Gospel of Philip defends a tradition that gives Mary Magdalene a special relationship and insight into Jesus's teaching. The text contains fifteen sayings of Jesus. Seven of these sayings are also found in the canonical gospels, and two are closely related to sayings in the Gospel of Thomas.

Nag Hammadi
Nag Hammadi (/ˌnɑːɡ həˈmɑːdi/ NAHG hə-MAH-dee; Arabic: نجع حمادى Nagʿ Ḥammādī) is a city and markaz in Upper Egypt. It is located on the west bank of the Nile in the Qena Governorate, about 80 kilometres (50 mi) north-west of Luxor. The city had a population of close to 61,737 as of 2023. It was made famous in 1945 for the "Nag Hammadi library," an important collection of ancient texts found nearby.
Dirk De Ridder (neurosurgeon)
Dirk De Ridder (born 6 August 1966) is a Belgian neurosurgeon. He is a professor of neurosurgery at the University of Otago in Dunedin, New Zealand. De Ridder spends half his time in New Zealand and half in Belgium, involved in setting up a dedicated neuromodulation clinic.

Neurosurgery
Neurosurgery or/and neurological surgery, also known in common parlance as brain surgery, is the medical specialty that focuses on the surgical treatment or rehabilitation of disorders that affect any portion of the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nervous system, and cerebrovascular system. Neurosurgery as a medical specialty also includes non-surgical management of some neurological conditions.
Lillicrap
Lillicrap is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Cameron Lillicrap (born 1963), Australian international rugby union player

Charles Lillicrap (1887–1966), British naval architect

Christopher Lillicrap (born 1949), British television presenter, writer and composer

James Lillicrap (d. 1851), British Royal Navy officer

John Lillicrap (1866–1937), New Zealand politician

Siwan Lillicrap (born 1987), Welsh international rugby union player

Timothy Lillicrap, Canadian neuroscientist and AI researcher

Siwan Lillicrap
Siwan Lillicrap (born 27 September 1987) is a Welsh rugby union player who plays as a lock or number 8 for Gloucester-Hartpury and the Wales national team. Lillicrap made her debut for Wales in 2016, and captained the team at the 2020, 2021 and 2022 Women's Six Nations Championship.

Lillicrap is one of the first professional women's rugby players in Wales. It was announced that Lillicrap would leave her role as Head of Rugby at Swansea University in order to become a full-time professional women's rugby player in January 2022.
Brian Henderson (academic)
Brian Henderson (26 March 1936 – 20 August 2017) was an English solid-state spectroscopic physicist whose career included spells at Atomic Energy Research Establishment (AERE), Keele University, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), and the University of Strathclyde.

Solid-state electronics
Solid-state electronics are semiconductor electronics: electronic equipment that use semiconductor devices such as transistors, diodes and integrated circuits (ICs).  The term is also used as an adjective for devices in which semiconductor electronics that have no moving parts replace devices with moving parts, such as the solid-state relay, in which transistor switches are used in place of a moving-arm electromechanical relay, or the solid-state drive (SSD), a type of semiconductor memory used in computers to replace hard disk drives, which store data on rotating disks.
Dunin family
The Dunin family, Polish: Duninowie, also  Łabędź family, Łabędzie (after their coat of arms) was an old Polish noble family, whose members were Magnates in medieval Poland. Members of the family held the title of Count in Poland.

History of Poland in the Middle Ages
This article covers the history of Poland in the Middle Ages. This time covers roughly a millennium, from the 5th century to the 16th century. It is commonly dated from the Fall of the Western Roman Empire, and contrasted with a later Early Modern Period. The time during which the rise of humanism in the Italian Renaissance and the Reformation unfolded is generally associated with the transition out of the Middle Ages, with European overseas expansion as a succeeding process, but such dates are approximate and based upon nuanced arguments.
Universidad Nuestra Señora de La Paz
Universidad Nuestra Señora de La Paz (UNSLP) (English: Our Lady of La Paz University), founded on April 24, 1992, is a private nonprofit university located in La Paz, Bolivia. It is one of the oldest private universities in Bolivia. It is composed of six academic faculties:

Architecture and construction

Administrative and economic sciences

Political and social sciences

Engineering

Medicine

Dentistry

It also has master's programs in business administration and journalism. As of July 30, 2023, there are more than 3,200 students enrolled in classes, with more than 230 teachers and professors as well as at least 50 additional administrative staff.

Faculty (division)
A faculty or academic division is an academic and administrative unit within a university or college comprising one subject area or a group of related subject areas, possibly also delimited by level (e.g. undergraduate). In North America, academic divisions are sometimes titled colleges, schools, or departments, with universities occasionally using a mixture of terminology, e.g., Harvard University has a Faculty of Arts and Sciences and a Law School.
Bondeno
Bondeno (Bondenese: Bundén) is a comune (municipality) in the province of Ferrara, in the Italian region of Emilia-Romagna, located about 45 kilometres (28 mi) north of Bologna and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) northwest of Ferrara.

The municipality of Bondeno contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Burana, Gavello, Ospitale, Pilastri, Ponte Rodoni, Salvatonica, San Biagio, Santa Bianca, Scortichino, Settepolesini, Stellata, and Zerbinate.

Bondeno borders the following municipalities: Cento, Ferrara, Ficarolo, Finale Emilia, Mirandola, Sermide e Felonica, Terre del Reno, Vigarano Mainarda. Its territory is crossed by the Panaro river.

Emilian language
Emilian (Reggiano, Parmesan and Modenese: emigliân; Bolognese: emigliàn; Piacentino: emigliän; Italian: emiliano) is a Gallo-Italic unstandardised language spoken in the historical region of Emilia, which is now in the western part of Emilia-Romagna.

Emilian has a default word order of subject–verb–object and both grammatical gender (masculine and feminine) and grammatical number (singular and plural). There is a strong T–V distinction, which distinguishes varying levels of politeness, social distance, courtesy, familiarity or insult. The alphabet, largely adapted from the Italian (Tuscan) one, uses a considerable number of diacritics.
Satria Dewa Universe
The Satria Dewa Universe (SDU) (Indonesian: Satria Dewa Semesta; lit. 'Kshatriya Deva Universe') is a live action media franchise of Indonesian superheroes adapted from Indonesian wayang stories from the Bhāratayuddha, a version of the ancient Indian epic Mahabharata, as modern interpretations of those characters. There are eight films planned in this series which depict the descendants of the Pandavas (and the Kaurava antagonists), including Gatotkaca (2022), Arjuna (2023), Srikandi (2024), Kurusetra (2025), Yudhistira (2026), Bima (2027), Bharatayudha (2028) and Bharatayudha II (2029). Two films initially included in the series Nakula and Sadewa and Heroine were subsequently cancelled. On August 26, 2019, Erick Thohir and Wishnutama were announced as shareholders of Satria Dewa. The series has also been adapted for comics and merchandise.

Kaurava
Kaurava is a Sanskrit term referring to descendant of Kuru, a legendary king of India who is the ancestor of many of the characters of the epic Mahabharata. Usually, the term is used for the 100 sons of King Dhritarashtra and his wife Gandhari. Duryodhana, Dushasana, Vikarna and Chitrasena are the most popular among the brothers. They also had a sister named  Dussala and a half-brother named Yuyutsu.
Xaira
Xaira is an XML Aware Indexing and Retrieval Architecture developed at Oxford University, it was funded by the Mellon Foundation between 2005 and 2006. It is based on SARA, an SGML-aware  text-searching system originally developed for searching the British National Corpus. Xaira has been redeveloped as a generic XML system for constructing query-systems for any kind of XML data, in particular for  use with TEI. The current Windows implementation is intended for non-specialist users. A more sophisticated and open-source version is currently under development. This version supports cross-platform working using standards such as XML-RPC and SOAP.

Andrew W. Mellon Foundation
The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, commonly known as the Mellon Foundation, is a New York City-based private foundation with wealth accumulated by Andrew Mellon of the Mellon family of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It is the product of the 1969 merger of the Avalon Foundation and the Old Dominion Foundation. These foundations had been set up separately by Ailsa Mellon Bruce and Paul Mellon, the children of Andrew Mellon.

The foundation is housed in New York City in the expanded former offices of the Bollingen Foundation, another educational philanthropy once supported by Paul Mellon. Poet and scholar Elizabeth Alexander is the foundation's current president. Her predecessors have included Earl Lewis, Don Randel, William G. Bowen, John Edward Sawyer and Nathan Pusey.

In 2004, the foundation was awarded the National Medal of Arts.