hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Charles Evans (businessman)
Charles Evans (May 13, 1926 — June 2, 2007) was an American business leader. He co-founded the fashion house Evan-Picone in 1949 and sold it to Revlon in 1962. He and his brother-in-law, Michael Shure, then founded Evans Partnership, a real estate investment firm. In 1981, he purchased the screenplay for the comedy Tootsie (1982). His brother Robert Evans produced numerous motion pictures, including Rosemary's Baby (1968), The Godfather (1972), and Chinatown (1974).

Revlon
Revlon, Inc., is an American multinational company dealing in cosmetics, skin care, perfume, and personal care. The headquarters of Revlon was established in New York City on March 1, 1932, where it remains. Revlon was founded by brothers Charles and Joseph Revson, and chemist Charles Lachman. Revlon products are sold in 150 countries and the company has many global locations including Mexico City, London, Paris, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Sydney, Singapore, and Tokyo.

In June 2022, Revlon filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. It emerged from bankruptcy in May 2023.
Pultenaea williamsoniana
Pultenaea williamsoniana, commonly known as Williamson's bush-pea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to a restricted area of Victoria, Australia. It is a slender, erect shrub with its stems covered with white hairs, and has cylindrical, grooved leaves and yellow to orange and red, pea-like flowers arranged in clusters on the ends of short side branches.

Papilionaceous flower
Papilionaceous flowers (from Latin: papilion, a butterfly) are flowers with the characteristic irregular and butterfly-like corolla found in many, though not all, plants of the species-rich Faboideae subfamily of legumes. Tournefort suggested that the term Flores papilionacei originated with Valerius Cordus, who applied it to the flowers of the bean.
1941 Birthday Honours
The King's Birthday Honours 1941 were appointments in the British Empire of King George VI to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of various countries. The appointments were made to celebrate the official birthday of The King, and were published on 6 June 1941.

The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.

Order of the Indian Empire
The Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire is an order of chivalry founded by Queen Victoria on 1 January 1878. The Order includes members of three classes:

Knight Grand Commander (GCIE)

Knight Commander (KCIE)

Companion (CIE)

Appointments terminated after 1947, the year that British India became the independent Union of India and Dominion of Pakistan. With the death of the last surviving knight, the Maharaja Meghrajji III of Dhrangadhra, the order became dormant in 2010.
The motto of the Order is Imperatricis auspiciis, (Latin for "Under the auspices of the Empress"), a reference to Queen Victoria, the first Empress of India. The Order is the junior British order of chivalry associated with the British Indian Empire; the senior one is The Most Exalted Order of the Star of India.
Laburnum anagyroides
Laburnum anagyroides (syn. Cytisus laburnum), the common laburnum, golden chain or golden rain, is a species of flowering plant in the subfamily Faboideae, and genus Laburnum. Laburnum alpinum is closely related. It is native to Central and Southern Europe.

The plant grows and flowers in damp and mild habitats, especially in the calcareous soils of Southern Europe.

Faboideae
The Faboideae are a subfamily of the flowering plant family Fabaceae or Leguminosae. An acceptable alternative name for the subfamily is Papilionoideae, or Papilionaceae when this group of plants is treated as a family.

Members include the pea, the sweet pea, the laburnum, and other legumes. The pea-shaped flowers are characteristic of the Faboideae subfamily and root nodulation is very common. The papilionaceous species vary enormously in size from the tiny Lupinus uncialis only 2 cm in height to Pterocarpus mildbraedii subsp. usumbarensis at up to 75 m (246 ft) height.
Walter Daelemans
Walter Daelemans (born June 3, 1960) is professor in computational linguistics at the University of Antwerp. He is also a research director of the Computational Linguistics and Psycholinguistics Research Center (CLiPS).

Computational linguistics
Computational linguistics is an interdisciplinary field concerned with the computational modelling of natural language, as well as the study of appropriate computational approaches to linguistic questions. In general, computational linguistics draws upon linguistics, computer science, artificial intelligence, mathematics, logic, philosophy, cognitive science, cognitive psychology, psycholinguistics, anthropology and neuroscience, among others. Computational linguistics is closely related to mathematical linguistics.
Walid Raad
Walid Raad (Ra'ad) (Arabic: وليد رعد) (born 1967 in Chbanieh, Lebanon) is a contemporary media artist. The Atlas Group is a fictional collective, the work of which is produced by Walid Raad. He lives and works in New York, where he is currently a distinguished visiting professor of photography at Bard College, in addition to being a professor of photography at the Cooper Union School of Art.

His works to date include film, photography, multimedia installations, and accompanying public performances. All, in one way or another, deal with the contemporary history of Lebanon with particular emphasis on the Lebanese Civil War of 1975–90. The work is also often concerned with the representation of traumatic events of collective historical dimensions; and the ways film, video, and photography function as documents of physical and psychological violence. He is represented by Sfeir-Semler Gallery and is also a member of the Arab Image Foundation.

Bard College
Bard College is a private liberal arts college in Annandale-on-Hudson, New York, United States. The campus overlooks the Hudson River and Catskill Mountains within the Hudson River Historic District and is a National Historic Landmark.

Founded in 1860, the institution consists of a liberal arts college and a conservatory. The college offers undergraduate and graduate programs. It participates in a network of many affiliated programs internationally.
Heathcoat-Amory
Heathcoat-Amory is a double-barrelled English surname. Notable people with this surname include the following:

David Heathcoat-Amory (born 1949), English politician

Derick Heathcoat-Amory, 1st Viscount Amory (1899–1981), English politician

Sir John Heathcoat-Amory, 1st Baronet (1824–1914), English politician

Sir John Heathcoat-Amory, 3rd Baronet (1894–1972), English cricketer

Joyce Wethered, Lady Heathcoat-Amory (1901–1997), English golf champion

Ludovic Heathcoat-Amory, English first-class cricketer

Joyce Wethered
Joyce Wethered, Lady Heathcoat-Amory (17 November 1901 – 18 November 1997) was a golfer regarded as the leading British woman player of the inter-war period.

Joyce learned the game as a child, as did her brother Roger, who lost a playoff for the 1921 Open Championship. Joyce won the British Ladies Amateur four times (1922, 1924, 1925, and 1929) and the English Ladies' Amateur Championship for five consecutive years (1920–24).

She married Sir John Heathcoat-Amory in 1937, and became Lady Heathcoat-Amory. Her play and swing were greatly admired by Bobby Jones, the American champion of the same era. Jones, who played several exhibition rounds with her, had a very high regard for her game. She essentially retired from competitive play by 1930.

She played most of her golf at (and was a member of) Worplesdon Golf Club in Surrey. She was inducted into the World Golf Hall of Fame in 1975.

An exhibition of memorabilia can be seen at Knightshayes Court in Devon, where she lived.
Weston Favell
Weston Favell is an area and former civil parish near the eastern end of Northampton, now in the parish of Northampton, in the West Northamptonshire district, in the ceremonial county of Northamptonshire, England.

West Northamptonshire
West Northamptonshire is one of two unitary authority areas in the ceremonial county of Northamptonshire, England. It contains the county town of Northampton, as well as the towns of Daventry, Brackley and Towcester, and the large villages of Brixworth and Long Buckby; the rest of the area is predominantly agricultural villages though it has many lakes and small woodlands.

West Northamptonshire was created in 2021 as part of local government restructuring from the previous non-metropolitan districts of Northampton, Daventry and South Northamptonshire.

The West Coast Main Line and the M1 and M40 motorways pass through the district, and it includes the site of the Roman town of Bannaventa and the grade I listed Althorp House and its estate.
James Pollock Brown
James Pollock Brown (4 April 1841 – 30 May 1913) was a Canadian politician.

Born in Beau River, Canada East, the son of David Brown and Jean Pollock both from Renfrewshire, Scotland, Brown was educated at the Elementary Schools and the Business College of New Haven, Connecticut. A miller, general store keeper and farmer, he was elected as the Liberal candidate to the House of Commons of Canada for the electoral district of Châteauguay in the general elections of 1891, 1896, 1900, 1904, 1908 and 1911. He died in May 1913, after an illness of two months, and was buried at Russelltown Flats in the present day community of Saint-Chrysostome, Quebec.

Saint-Chrysostome, Quebec
Saint-Chrysostome (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ kʁizɔstom]) is a municipality in south-west Quebec, Canada in the regional county municipality of Haut-Saint-Laurent in the Montérégie administrative region.  The municipality was created by the amalgamation of Saint-Chrysostome village with the parish of Saint-Jean-Chrysostome on September 29, 1999. The population as of the 2021 Canadian census was 2,582.
Francis Szpiner
Francis Szpiner (born 22 March 1954) is a French lawyer, writer and politician of The Republicans who serves as the mayor of the 16th arrondissement of Paris between 2020 and 2023. He was elected Senator of Paris in September 2023. He was an attorney for several prominent French politicians.

Mayor (France)
In France, a mayor (French: maire, pronounced [mɛʁ] ⓘ) is chairperson of the municipal council, which organises the work and deliberates on municipal matters. The mayor also has significant powers and their own responsibilities, such as the responsibility for the activities of municipal police and for the management of municipal staff.

The officeholder is also the representative of the state in the commune. As such, the mayor is a civil officer of the State (Officier d'état civil) and judiciary police officer (Officier de police judiciaire). The term period of office for a mayor is six years.
Algorithmic program debugging
Algorithmic debugging (also called declarative debugging) is a debugging technique that compares the results of sub-computations with what the programmer intended. The technique constructs an internal representation of all computations and sub-computations performed during the execution of a buggy program and then asks the programmer about the correctness of such computations. By asking the programmer questions or using a formal specification, the system can identify precisely where in a program a bug is located. Debugging techniques can dramatically reduce the time and effort spent on debugging.

Formal specification
In computer science, formal specifications are mathematically based techniques whose purpose is to help with the implementation of systems and software. They are used to describe a system, to analyze its behavior, and to aid in its design by verifying key properties of interest through rigorous and effective reasoning tools. These specifications are formal in the sense that they have a syntax, their semantics fall within one domain, and they are able to be used to infer useful information.
Polydisc
In the theory of functions of several complex variables, a branch of mathematics, a polydisc is a Cartesian product of discs.

More specifically, if we denote by  the open disc of center z and radius r in the complex plane, then an open polydisc is a set of the form

It can be equivalently written as

One should not confuse the polydisc with the open ball in Cn, which is defined as

Here, the norm is the Euclidean distance in Cn.

When , open balls and open polydiscs are not biholomorphically equivalent, that is, there is no biholomorphic mapping between the two. This was proven by Poincaré in 1907 by showing that their automorphism groups have different dimensions as Lie groups.

When  the term bidisc is sometimes used.

A polydisc is an example of logarithmically convex Reinhardt domain.

Cartesian product
In mathematics, specifically set theory, the Cartesian product of two sets A and B, denoted A × B, is the set of all ordered pairs (a, b) where a is an element of A and b is an element of B. In terms of set-builder notation, that is

A table can be created by taking the Cartesian product of a set of rows and a set of columns. If the Cartesian product rows × columns is taken, the cells of the table contain ordered pairs of the form (row value, column value).

One can similarly define the Cartesian product of n sets, also known as an n-fold Cartesian product, which can be represented by an n-dimensional array, where each element is an n-tuple. An ordered pair is a 2-tuple or couple. More generally still, one can define the Cartesian product of an indexed family of sets.

The Cartesian product is named after René Descartes, whose formulation of analytic geometry gave rise to the concept, which is further generalized in terms of direct product.
Farhad Pourgholami
Farhad Pourgholami (born December 4, 1962, in Bandar Anzali) is an Iranian football manager and former player.

Pourgholami was assistant head coach to Mohammad Ahmadzadeh in Iran national under-20 football team. After Ahmadzadeh was appointed as Malavan's head coach, Pourgholami was chosen as his first team coach. Later he was appointed as Malavan Youth team. After Ahmadzadeh's resignation as Malavan head coach, he was appointed as caretaker head coach and after three weeks, he was signed a contract until the end of 2011–12 season.

Bandar-e Anzali
Bandar-e Anzali (Persian: بندرانزلی; Gilaki: اٚنزٚلي) is a city on the Caspian Sea in the Central District of Bandar-e Anzali County in Gilan province, Iran, serving as the capital of both the county and the district.
Freya Clausen
Freya Christine Clausen (born 17 November 1978), also known as Freya, is a Danish singer/songwriter and television personality, based in Copenhagen. She worked as an MTV VJ, then moved to VH1 in 2010. She has released two solo albums, Tea with the Queen and Chasing My Tale.

Since 2010 she has hosted the pan-Scandinavian TV channel Star!'s broadcasts from Stockholm Fashion Week by Berns.

Freya released a new single called "Into The Fire" on 29 September 2014.

Video jockey
A video jockey (abbreviated VJ or sometimes veejay) is an announcer or host who introduces music videos and live performances on commercial music television channels such as MTV, VH1, MuchMusic and Channel V.
Fevzi Türkeri
Fevzi Türkeri (born 1941, Elazığ) is a former Turkish general. He graduated from the Turkish Military Academy in 1962 and the Kara Harp Akademisi in 1975. During the 1980s and 1990s he was twice Chief of the Special Forces of the Turkish Army. He was General Commander of the Gendarmerie of Turkey from 26 August 2004 to 24 August 2006.

Army War Institute
The Army War Institute (Turkish: Kara Harp Enstitüsü), formerly Army War Academy (Turkish: Kara Harp Akademisi), is an academic institution of the National Defence University. It is sometimes referred to in English as the Turkish Military College.
English prosody
Prosody in English conveys many pragmatic functions relating to speech acts, attitude, turn-taking, topic structure, information structure and more. It also helps mark lexical identity, grammatical structure, semantic elements, and more.

The component features of English prosody – pitch, loudness, duration, voice qualities, and so on – are the same as those of other languages.  However the ways that these combine and the meanings of those combinations are often unique to English.

Phonation
The term phonation has slightly different meanings depending on the subfield of phonetics.  Among some phoneticians, phonation or phonating is the process by which the vocal cords, or vocal folds, produce certain sounds through quasi-periodic vibration. This is the definition used among those who study laryngeal anatomy and physiology and speech production in general. Phoneticians in other subfields, such as linguistic phonetics, call this process voicing, and use the term phonation to refer to any oscillatory state of any part of the larynx that modifies the airstream, of which voicing is just one example. Voiceless and supra-glottal phonations are included under this definition.
Mopani
Mopani can be:

Colophospermum mopane, a tree species found in South Africa, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Botswana, Zambia, Namibia, Angola and Malawi

Gonimbrasia belina, an emperor moth caterpillar that lives in the mopani (mopane) tree

Mopani District Municipality, South Africa

Mopani Copper Mine, a copper mining company

Gonimbrasia belina
Gonimbrasia belina is a species of emperor moth which is native to the warmer parts of southern Africa. Its large edible caterpillar, known as the mopane worm, madora, amacimbi, pigeon moth or masonja, feeds primarily but not exclusively on mopane tree leaves. Mopane worms are an important source of protein for many in the region. The species was first scientifically described by John O. Westwood in 1849.
Aliaksandr Faminou
Aliaksandr Faminou (born 13 October 1984 in Gomel) is a Belarusian eventing rider. He competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics aboard Pasians, and has qualified to compete at the delayed 2020 Summer Olympics with Martinie.

Faminou took part at two European Eventing Championships (in 2013 and 2017). He placed 46th individually aboard Gilhord in 2017.

Gomel
Gomel (Russian: Гомель, IPA: [ˈɡomʲɪlʲ]) or Homyel (Belarusian: Гомель, romanized: Homieĺ, IPA: [ˈɣomʲelʲ]) is a city in south-eastern Belarus. It serves as the administrative centre of Gomel Region and Gomel District, though it is administratively separated from the district. As of 2025, it is the second-largest city in Belarus, with 501,193 inhabitants.
Heaton, Staffordshire
Heaton is a small village and civil parish in Staffordshire, England. It is about 4 miles (6.4 km) north of Leek and about 7 miles (11 km) south of Macclesfield.

The village of Heaton is situated near the centre of the civil parish. The River Dane is the northern boundary with Cheshire; the civil parishes of Rushton and Leekfrith are to the west and east. A hill named Gun is at the eastern boundary, and in the north-east is Swythamley Hall.

The ground is of boulder clay, and the underlying rock is millstone grit. The soil is loam and clay. The land is used mostly as pasture.

River Dane
The River Dane is a tributary of the River Weaver that originates in the Peak District area of England. The name of the river (earlier Daven) is probably from the Old Welsh dafn, meaning a "drop or trickle", implying a slow-moving river.
Goga Khachidze
Giorgi (Goga) Khachidze (Georgian: გიორგი ხაჩიძე; born 9 February 1974) is a Georgian politician who served as the Minister of Environment Protection and Natural Resources of Georgia from 2008 to 2012.

Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources Protection of Georgia
The Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources Protection (Georgian: გარემოს დაცვისა და ბუნებრივი რესურსების სამინისტრო) was a ministry of Georgia. The ministry regulated activities related to protection of the environment and natural resources in the republic. Its last head was Gigla Agulashvili. In December 2017 the ministry was merged with that of Agriculture to form the Ministry of Environmental Protection and Agriculture.
USS Iredell County
USS Iredell County (LST-839) was an LST-542-class tank landing ship built for the United States Navy during World War II. Named after Iredell County, North Carolina, she was the only U.S. Naval vessel to bear the name. She was acquired by the Indonesian Navy in 1970 as KRI Teluk Bone (511) and decommissioned in 2019. She is planned to be preserved as museum ship.

Indonesian Navy
The Indonesian Navy (Indonesian: Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Laut, lit. 'Indonesian National Military-Sea Force', TNI-AL) is the naval branch of the Indonesian National Armed Forces. It was founded on 10 September 1945 and has a role to patrol Indonesia's lengthy coastline, to enforce and patrol the territorial waters and Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of Indonesia, to protect Indonesia's maritime strategic interests, to protect the islands surrounding Indonesia, and to defend against seaborne threats.

The Navy is headed by the Chief of Staff of the Navy (Kepala Staf Angkatan Laut – KSAL or KASAL). The Indonesian Navy consists of three major fleets known as "Armada", which are Komando Armada I (1st Fleet Command) located in Tanjung Uban, Komando Armada II (2nd Fleet Command) located in Surabaya, Komando Armada III (3rd Fleet Command) located in Sorong, and one Komando Lintas Laut Militer (Military Sealift Command). The Navy also heads the Marine Corps.
El Toro volcanic field
23°05′S 66°42′W﻿ / ﻿23.083°S 66.700°W﻿ / -23.083; -66.700
El Toro volcanic field is part of the Central Volcanic Zone of the Andes in the northern Puna of Argentina. Three of the cones in the volcanic field are located southwest of the town of El Toro and the fourth is found north. Part of a field of monogenetic volcanoes associated with subduction of the Nazca Plate beneath the South American Plate, it is constructed from three main cones and an additional lava flow. The field formed between six and two million years ago.

Volcanic field
A volcanic field is an area of Earth's crust that is prone to localized volcanic activity. The type and number of volcanoes required to be called a "field" is not well-defined. Volcanic fields usually consist of clusters of up to 100 volcanoes such as cinder cones. Lava flows may also occur. They may occur as a monogenetic volcanic field or a polygenetic volcanic field.
The Oregon Trail (1959 film)
The Oregon Trail is a 1959 American CinemaScope and DeLuxe Color Western film directed by Gene Fowler Jr. and starring Fred MacMurray, William Bishop and Nina Shipman.

The film's sets were designed by the art directors John B. Mansbridge and Lyle R. Wheeler.

Fred MacMurray
Frederick Martin MacMurray (August 30, 1908 – November 5, 1991) was an American actor. He appeared in more than one hundred films and a successful television series in a career that spanned nearly a half-century. His career as a major film leading man began in 1935, but his most renowned role was in Billy Wilder's 1944 film noir Double Indemnity. From 1959 to 1973, MacMurray appeared in numerous Disney films, including The Shaggy Dog, The Absent-Minded Professor, Follow Me, Boys!, and The Happiest Millionaire. He starred as Steve Douglas in the television series My Three Sons.