hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Arrow Air
Arrow Air was a passenger and cargo airline based in Building 712 on the grounds of Miami International Airport (MIA) in Miami-Dade County, Florida. The airline was started in 1981 as the latest in a series of aviation businesses controlled by George E. Batchelor, starting in 1946 with an earlier California-based airline Arrow Airways, an irregular air carrier shut down by the Federal government in 1951. Batchelor saw Arrow Air as a re-start of Arrow Airways, though they were separate corporations and separate certificates.

At different times over the years, Arrow Air operated over 90 weekly scheduled cargo flights, had a strong charter business and at one point operated scheduled international and domestic passenger flights. Its main base was Miami International Airport. Arrow Air ceased operations on June 29, 2010, and filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection on July 1, 2010. It was then liquidated.

Managua
Managua (Spanish pronunciation: [maˈnaɣwa]) is the capital and largest city of Nicaragua, and one of the largest cities in Central America. Located on the shores of Lake Managua, the city had an estimated population of 1,055,247 as of 2020, and a population of 1,401,687 in its metropolitan area. The city also serves as the seat of Managua Department.

Founded in 1819, Managua became the national capital in 1852. The city underwent a rapid expansion and urbanization between 1842 and 1930, leading it to become one of the most developed cities in Central America. Several earthquakes have affected the city's growth, especially the 1931 earthquake and the 1972 earthquake, but the city has been rebuilt several times. Today, the city is a major economic hub for both the country and Central America.
Lamb Dicke regime
In ion trapping and atomic physics experiments, the Lamb Dicke regime (or Lamb Dicke limit) is a quantum regime within an atom-light field system in which the spatial extent of the atom's wavefunction is much smaller than the wavelength of the addressing light field. In this regime, the coupling between an ion or atom's internal qubit states and its motional states is sufficiently small so that transitions that change the motional quantum number by more than one are strongly suppressed.

This condition is quantitively expressed by the inequality

where  is the Lamb–Dicke parameter and  is the motional quantum number of the ion or atom's harmonic oscillator state.

Ion trap
An ion trap consists of electrodes that produce electric fields to trap ions (charged particles), which may be atoms, molecules, or large particles such as dust.  Ion traps have a number of applications including mass spectrometry, atomic frequency standards, and quantum computing. In comparison to neutral atom traps, ion traps have deeper trapping potentials (up to several electronvolts) that are agnostic to the internal structure of the ions.  The two most popular ion traps are the Paul trap which uses static and oscillating electric fields and the Penning trap, which uses a static electric field and static magnetic field.  Paul traps are used in trapped ion quantum computers and realizing atomic clocks, including the most precise instrument humankind has ever made.  Penning traps are powerful tools for mass spectrometry and measuring magnetic dipole moments.
Richard
Richard is a masculine given name. It originates, via Old French, from Old Frankish and is a compound of the words descending from Proto-Germanic *rīk- 'ruler, leader, king' and *hardu- 'strong, brave, hardy', and it therefore means 'strong in rule'. Nicknames include "Richie", "Dick", "Dickon", "Dickie", "Rich", "Rick", "Rico", "Ricky", and more.

Richard is a common English (the name was introduced into England by the Normans), German and French male name. It is also used in many more languages, particularly Germanic, such as Norwegian, Danish, Swedish, Icelandic, and Dutch, as well as other languages including Irish, Scottish, Welsh and Finnish. Richard is cognate with variants of the name in other European languages, such as the Swedish "Rickard", the Portuguese and Spanish "Ricardo" and the Italian "Riccardo".

Richard Morefield
Richard Henry Morefield (September 9, 1929 – October 11, 2010) was an American diplomat who served in the United States Foreign Service. He was one of the 66 staff members at the American embassy in Tehran who were taken captive by a militant Islamist student group called the Muslim Student Followers of the Imam's Line on November 4, 1979, in what became known as the Iran hostage crisis. He was one of 52 Americans who were held as a hostage for 444 days, until negotiations for the remaining captives being held hostage were concluded with the signing of the Algiers Accords on January 19, 1981, with their release coming the following day.
Wolfram Lattke
Wolfram Lattke (born 1978, Pirna) is a German singer. He is a lyric tenor and began singing aged seven. He was a member of the Dresdner Kreuzchor (1987–1988) and the Thomanerchor (1988–1996), both times as a male soprano.

Dresdner Kreuzchor
The Dresdner Kreuzchor is the boys' choir of the Kreuzkirche in Dresden, Germany. It has a seven-century history and a world-wide reputation. Today, the choir has about 150 members between the ages of 9 and 19, from Dresden and the surrounding region. The boys attend the Kreuzschule in Dresden. They are also called "Kruzianer".

Until summer 2022, the director of the choir is Roderich Kreile, who is the 28th "Kreuzkantor" (Cantor) since the Reformation. Next Kreuzkantor will be Martin Lehmann. The Cantor between 1971 and 1991 was Martin Flämig.
Outcast (1922 film)
Outcast is a 1922 American silent drama film directed by Chester Withey. The film starred Elsie Ferguson (in her next to last silent) and David Powell. William Powell has a small supporting part in this which was his third film.

The film is based on the play of the same name by Hubert Henry Davies and had been performed on Broadway in 1914 with Ferguson in the lead. The story was filmed in 1916 as The World and the Woman with Jeanne Eagels, afterwards as Outcast with Ann Murdock. After Ferguson's version it was filmed as Outcast with Corinne Griffith and Edmund Lowe in a Vitaphone version in 1928, and finally was the basis of The Girl From 10th Avenue (1935) starring Bette Davis and released by Warner Brothers.

Hubert Henry Davies
Hubert Henry Davies (17 March 1869 – 17 August 1917) was a leading British playwright and dramatist of the early 20th century, following in the tradition of Arthur Wing Pinero and Henry Arthur Jones, but influenced profoundly by Thomas William Robertson.
Reinaldo Pared Pérez
Reinaldo de las Mercedes Pared Pérez (25 September 1956 – 29 October 2021) was a Dominican politician. He represented Distrito Nacional in Chamber of Deputies from 1998 to 2002, and served in the Senate since 2006. Pared Pérez was president of the senate twice, between 2006 and 2014, and again between 2016 and 2020. A member of the Dominican Liberation Party, he was named general-secretary in 2001.

The government of the Republic of China (Taiwan) awarded Pared Pérez the Order of Brilliant Star Special Grand Cordon in June 2017.

The former secretary general of the Dominican Liberation Party, Reinaldo Pared Pérez, died this Thursday night in what appears to be a suicide.

Pérez had episodes of depression as a result of health problems caused by a cancer that was detected two years ago and for which he was undergoing treatment.

Pérez died by a suspected suicide on 29 October 2021, at the age of 65 in a summer residence in Juan Dolio, where he spent most of his time after the illness.

Order of Brilliant Star
Order of Brilliant Star (Chinese: 景星勳章; pinyin: Jǐng xīng xūnzhāng) is a civilian order of the Republic of China (Taiwan) recognizing outstanding contributions to the country's development. The order was instituted in 1941 and can be awarded to both domestic and foreign nationals.
Knut Brustad
Knut Brustad (born 23 July 1945) is a former Norwegian middle distance runner who specialized in the 800 and 1500 metres. He represented Frosta IL (in Frosta) and IL i BUL (in Oslo) during his active career.

He won the silver medal at the 1969 European Indoor Games and finished eighth at the 1970 European Indoor Championships. In addition he competed at the 1969 European Championships without reaching the final. He became Norwegian champion in 800 m in the years 1967-1969.

His personal best times were 1:48.7 minutes over 800 metres  and 3:43.1 minutes over 1500 metres.

1970 European Athletics Indoor Championships
The 1970 European Athletics Indoor Championships were held in 1970 at Wiener Stadthalle, Vienna, the capital of Austria, between 14–15 March 1970. It replaced the European Indoor Games, an indoor athletics competition which had been held since 1966.
Conor Heun
Conor Heun (born February 11, 1979) is a retired American mixed martial artist. A professional from 2006 until 2012, he competed for Strikeforce, EliteXC, and the Los Angeles Anacondas of the International Fight League.

International Fight League
The International Fight League was an American mixed martial arts (MMA) promotion billed as the world's first MMA league. It was founded on January 7, 2006, and closed on July 31, 2008. Instead of the established norm for MMA events, where matchups are strictly one-on-one affairs, each IFL card was a showdown between two camps of at least three fighters, each fighter fighting one match against another in the opposing camps.
A1 motorway (Portugal)
The A 1—Autoestrada do Norte—is the biggest and the most important highway in Portugal. It connects the two largest cities in Portugal, Lisbon and Porto, also passing by some district capitals and industrial zones. Being the most important connection between two major cities, it was designed to be parallel to other roads, like the EN1.

At 303 km long, the highway starts in Lisbon, in the interchange between the CRIL and the Vasco da Gama Bridge. Then the road goes along some cities near Lisbon, mainly Alverca do Ribatejo and Alenquer. Near Torres Novas it connects with the A23, a road that connects the A1 with Castelo Branco and Vilar Formoso, by the A25, near the border with Spain. This interchange marks the end of the 3x3 profile that started in Lisbon, to start a profile of 2 lanes.

The highway is owned by Brisa. A trip between Lisbon and Porto using the A1 costs €22.20.

Alenquer, Portugal
Alenquer (Portuguese pronunciation: [ɐlẽˈkɛɾ] ⓘ), officially the Town of Alenquer (Portuguese: Vila de Alenquer), is a Portuguese municipality in the Lisbon District and in the Oeste region. The population in 2011 was 43,267, in an area of 304.22 square kilometres (117.46 mi2). The present Mayor is Pedro Miguel Ferreira Folgado.
Gfarm file system
Gfarm file system is an open-source distributed file system, generally used for large-scale cluster computing and wide-area data sharing, and provides features to manage replica location explicitly. The name is derived from the Grid Data Farm architecture it implements.

Grid Datafarm is a petascale data-intensive computing project initiated in Japan. The project is a collaboration among High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), the University of Tokyo, Tokyo Institute of Technology and University of Tsukuba. The challenge involves construction of a Peta- to Exascale parallel filesystem exploiting local storage of PCs spread over the worldwide Grid.

Petascale computing
Petascale computing refers to high-power computing systems capable of performing at least 1 quadrillion (1015) arithmetic, or floating-point operations per second (FLOPS). (Note: FLOPS is a standard metric for supercomputer performance.) These systems are often called petaflops systems and represent a significant leap from traditional supercomputers in terms of raw performance, enabling them to handle vast datasets and complex computations.

Petascale computing typically finds application in large-scale applications like climate and weather modeling, astrophysics simulations, advanced materials design, and realtime medical imaging..
Berea (House of Assembly of South Africa constituency)
Berea, known as Durban Berea (Afrikaans: Durban-Berea) until 1966, was a constituency in the Natal Province of South Africa, which existed from 1910 to 1994 with the exception of the 1933 general election. It covered parts of the inner west of Durban, centred on its namesake suburb. Throughout its existence it elected one member to the House of Assembly.

1933 South African general election
General elections were held in South Africa on 17 May 1933 to elect the 150 members of the House of Assembly. The National Party won half the seats in the House, but the coalition with the South African Party continued.
Josef Wagner (born 1938)
Josef Wagner Jr. (born 24 May 1938, in Prague) painter, graphic artist, architect, pedagogue, a representative of contemporary Czech painting. At least four of his works are housed at the National Library of the Czech Republic.

Clementinum
The Clementinum (Czech: Klementinum) is a historic complex of buildings in Prague which houses the National Library of the Czech Republic.

Until recently the complex hosted the National, University and Technical libraries; the City Library was also nearby on Mariánské Náměstí. In 2009, the Technical library moved to the Prague National Technical Library at Technická 6. The Municipal library is located in the adjacent building on Mariánské Náměstí, where you'll find the famous Idiom installation (known as the book tower) in the foyer.
George Davis (robber)
George Davis (born 1941) is an English armed robber, born in Bletchley,. He became known through a successful campaign by friends and supporters to free him from prison after his wrongful conviction in March 1975, for an armed payroll robbery at the London Electricity Board (LEB) offices in Ilford, Greater London, on 4 April 1974. Following his release, Davis was jailed for two cases of armed robbery.

London Electricity Board
The London Electricity Board was the public sector utility company responsible for the supply and distribution of electricity to domestic, commercial and industrial consumers in London prior to 1990. It also sold and made available for hire and hire-purchase domestic electrical appliances through local showrooms where electricity bills could also be paid. It was shortened to LEB in its green and blue logo, consisting of the three letters. As London Electricity plc it was listed on the London Stock Exchange and was once a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index.
Damayanti Sen
Damayanti Sen (born 13 January 1970) is an Indian Police Service officer of the 1996 intake from the West Bengal cadre. She holds the rank of Additional Director General of Police in West Bengal Police.

Indian Police Service
The Indian Police Service (IPS) is a civil service under the All India Services. It replaced the Indian Imperial Police in 1948, a year after India became independent from the British Empire.

Along with the Indian Administrative Service (IAS) and the Indian Forest Service (IFS), the IPS is part of the All India Services – its officers are employed by both the Union Government and by individual states governments.

The service provides leadership to various state and central police forces, including the Central Armed Police Forces (BSF, SSB, CRPF, CISF, and ITBP), the National Security Guard (NSG), Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB), National Disaster Response Force (NDRF), Intelligence Bureau (IB), Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW), Special Protection Group (SPG), National Investigation Agency (NIA), and the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI).
King Ping of Chu
King Ping of Chu (Chinese: 楚平王; pinyin: Chǔ Píng Wáng), personal name Xiong Ju, was king of the Chu state, one of five hegemons during the Spring and Autumn period, from 528 BC to 516 BC. He was a son of King Gong.

King Ping was succeeded by his son, King Zhao.

Five Hegemons
The Five Hegemons (Chinese: 五霸; pinyin: Wǔ Bà), also referred to as the Five Hegemons of the Spring and Autumn period (Chinese: 春秋五霸; pinyin: Chūnqiū Wǔ Bà), refers to several especially powerful rulers of Chinese states of the Spring and Autumn period of Chinese history (770–476 BCE), sometimes alternatively referred to as the "Age of Hegemons". There are various lists of five hegemon rulers of those certain states which rose to power over the other states of this time period, states which were also formed during the period of dissolution of a once real and strong central state, namely the empire of the Zhou dynasty. The Hegemons mobilized the remnants of the Zhou empire, according to shared mutual political and martial interests. An especially prominent Hegemon was Duke Huan of Qi.
Swinfen and Packington
Swinfen and Packington is a civil parish in Lichfield District, Staffordshire, England. The parish was newly formed in 1934 by division from Weeford. The parish includes the hamlet of Swinfen, and contains several listed buildings, including Packington Hall.

Lichfield District
Lichfield District (UK: /ˈlɪtʃˌfiːld/) is a local government district in Staffordshire, England. The district is named after its largest settlement, the city of Lichfield, which is where the district council is based. The district also contains the towns of Burntwood and Fazeley, along with numerous villages and surrounding rural areas, including part of Cannock Chase, a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

The neighbouring districts are Cannock Chase, Stafford, East Staffordshire, South Derbyshire, North West Leicestershire, North Warwickshire, Tamworth, Birmingham and Walsall.
Jim Hartog
James Paul Hartog (born March 10, 1950, San Mateo, California) is an American jazz saxophonist, known primarily as a baritone saxophonist.

Hartog attended Grinnell College and the New England Conservatory of Music, taking a bachelor's from the latter in 1980. He played with Tom Varner in the late 1970s and with Jaki Byard from 1977 to 1982, and was a founder of the 29th Street Saxophone Quartet, playing with the group from 1982 to 1996. From 1985 to 1989 he also worked as an A&R man and producer for New Note Records. Other performance associations include Karl Berger, Bobby Watson, Carmen Lundy, Keshavan Maslak, East Down Septet, Mingus Big Band, and the Vanguard Jazz Orchestra. He led a quartet in the 1990s with Terell Stafford, Steve Johns, Essiet Essiet, and Pete McCann as sidemen.

Karl Berger
Karl Hans Berger (March 30, 1935 – April 9, 2023) was a German-American jazz pianist, vibraphonist, composer, and educator. He was a leading figure in jazz improvisation from the 1960s when he settled in the United States for life. He founded the educational Creative Music Studio in Woodstock, New York, in 1972 with his wife and Ornette Coleman, to encourage international students to pursue their own ideas about music.
Hundred of Coombe
The Hundred of Coombe is a Hundred of the County of Cardwell (South Australia) centred on the bounded rural locality of  Colebatch, South Australia near the town of Tintinara, South Australia  in the Murray Mallee region of South Australia.

Murray Mallee
The Murray Mallee is a grain-growing and sheep-farming area in the east of the Australian state of South Australia. The name is not formally designated but is widely used to refer to an area of approximately 20,000 square kilometres (7700 square miles) bounded by the River Murray on its northern and western sides, the Victorian border on its eastern side, and up to about 50 kilometres (30 miles) south of the Mallee Highway.

The formal designated name for approximately the same region is Murraylands.
Manuel Strodel
Manuel Strodel (born January 17, 1992, in Buchloe) is a German professional ice hockey player currently playing for Starbulls Rosenheim of the DEL2 in Germany. He previously played for Düsseldorfer EG in the Deutsche Eishockey Liga (DEL).

Strodel played the entirety of his career until the conclusion of the 2018–19 season, with Düsseldorfer EG. After 8 seasons with the club, Strodel was not offered a new contract with Düsseldorfer on April 6, 2019.

DEL2
DEL2 (also known as Deutsche Eishockey Liga 2 or DEL II) is the second tier ice hockey league in Germany, below the Deutsche Eishockey Liga (DEL) and ahead of the Oberliga. Founded in 2013 to replace the defunct 2nd Bundesliga, DEL2 is administered by ESBG, under licence from DEB.
Hellinsia inquinatus
Hellinsia inquinatus is a moth of the family Pterophoridae. It is found in North America, including Florida, Mississippi, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Maryland, Alabama, Texas, Missouri, Colorado and Arizona. It has also been recorded from Hispaniola, Mexico, Puerto Rico and St. Thomas Island.

The wingspan is about 16–18 millimetres (0.63–0.71 in). Adults are on wing in April, June and December.

The larvae feed on Ambrosia artemissiifolia, Ambrosia trifida and Parthenium hysterophorus.

Pterophoridae
The Pterophoridae or plume moths are a family of Lepidoptera with unusually modified wings, giving them the shape of a narrow winged airplane. Though they belong to the Apoditrysia like the larger moths and the butterflies, unlike these they are tiny and were formerly included among the assemblage called "microlepidoptera".
Brian Ashton (politician)
Brian Ashton is a former Canadian politician who served as a city councillor in Toronto, Ontario. Ashton represented Ward 36 Scarborough Southwest from amalgamation in 1997 to 2010. He did not run for re-election in the 2010 municipal election and was succeeded by Gary Crawford. Following retirement, he was elected president of the Canadian National Exhibition each year from 2012 to 2016. He was first elected in 1984 as a Scarborough alderman, before being elected to Metro Toronto Council in 1988 until amalgamation in 1997.

Canadian National Exhibition
The Canadian National Exhibition (CNE), also known as The Exhibition or The Ex, is an annual fair that takes place at Exhibition Place in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, on the third Friday of August leading up to and including Labour Day, the first Monday in September. With approximately 1.6 million visitors each year, the CNE is Canada's largest annual community event and one of the top fairs in North America.

The exhibition, then known as the Toronto Industrial Exhibition, first took place in 1879, largely to promote agriculture and technology in Toronto and area. Agriculturists, engineers, and scientists exhibited their discoveries and inventions at the CNE. The event has since expanded to include a carnival, live music, parades, an air show, various entertainments, sporting events, as well as art displays and specialty vendors and foods. Special events include the Warriors' Day Parade, the Labour Day Parade and the Canadian International Air Show.
Vague set
In mathematics, vague sets are an extension of fuzzy sets.

In a fuzzy set, each object is assigned a single value in the interval [0,1] reflecting its grade of membership. This single value does not allow a separation of evidence for membership and evidence against membership.

Gau et al. proposed the notion of vague sets, where each object is characterized by two different membership functions: a true membership function and a false membership function.
This kind of reasoning is also called interval membership, as opposed to point membership in the context of fuzzy sets.

Multivalued function
In mathematics, a multivalued function, multiple-valued function, many-valued function, or multifunction, is a function that has two or more values in its range for at least one point in its domain. It is a set-valued function with additional properties depending on context; though some authors do not distinguish between set-valued functions and multifunctions.

A multivalued function of sets f : X → Y is a subset

Write f(x) for the set of those y ∈ Y with (x,y) ∈ Γf. If f is an ordinary function, it is a multivalued function by taking its graph

They are called single-valued functions to distinguish them.