hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Haupiri River
The Haupiri River is a river of New Zealand. It starts near Mount Dixon in the Kaimata Range of the Southern Alps and flows north-west near to Lake Haupiri, then north-east to join the Ahaura River. The Ahaura joins the Grey River which flows into the Tasman Sea at Greymouth.

Hot water springs on the upper reaches of the river, near Mount Elizabeth, were developed in the early 20th century by the Tourism Department. Although the structures have been damaged, swimming is still possible. The springs are reached by a tramping track. The springs are now on private land.

Trout fishing is popular in the upper reaches.

Tasman Sea
The Tasman Sea is a marginal sea of the South Pacific Ocean, situated between Australia and New Zealand. It measures about 2,000 km (1,200 mi) across and about 2,800 km (1,700 mi) from north to south. The sea was named after the Dutch explorer Abel Janszoon Tasman, who in 1642 was the first known European to cross it. British explorer Lieutenant James Cook later extensively navigated the Tasman Sea in the 1770s during his three voyages of exploration.

The Māori people of New Zealand call this sea Te Moana-a-Rehua meaning 'the sea of Rehua' which clashes with the Pacific waters named Te Tai-o-Whitirea ('the sea of Whitirea') – after Whitirea, Rehua's lover – at Cape Reinga, the northernmost tip of North Island.
Carrowkeel Megalithic Cemetery
54°03′12″N 8°22′40″W﻿ / ﻿54.05333°N 8.37778°W﻿ / 54.05333; -8.37778

Carrowkeel is a cluster of passage tombs in south County Sligo, Ireland. They were built in the 4th millennium BC, during the Neolithic era. The monuments are on the Bricklieve Hills (An Bricshliabh, 'the speckled hills'), overlooking Lough Arrow, and are sometimes called the Bricklieve tombs. They are named after the townland of Carrowkeel in which most of them are located. Nearby are the Caves of Kesh and Heapstown Cairn. The Carrowkeel tombs are protected National Monuments and are considered one of the "big four" passage tomb cemeteries in Ireland, along with Carrowmore, Brú na Bóinne and Loughcrew.

4th millennium BC
The 4th millennium BC spanned the years 4000 BC to 3001 BC. Some of the major changes in human culture during this time included the beginning of the Bronze Age and the invention of writing, which played a major role in starting recorded history.

The city states of Sumer and the (Predynastic) Kingdom of Egypt were established and grew to prominence. Agriculture spread widely across Eurasia.

World population growth relaxed after the burst that came about from the Neolithic Revolution. World population was largely stable in this time at roughly 50 million, growing at an average of 0.027% per year.
Cottrau
Cottrau (pronounced [kɔtʁo]) is a French surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Félix Cottrau (1799–1852), French painter

Guillaume Louis Cottrau (1797–1847), French-Italian composer and music publisher

Teodoro Cottrau (1827–1879), Italian composer, lyricist, publisher, journalist and politician

Teodoro Cottrau
Teodoro Cottrau (Italian pronunciation: [teoˈdɔːro kotˈtro]; 7 December 1827 – 30 March 1879) was an Italian composer, lyricist, publisher, journalist and politician. He specialised in Neapolitan folk songs.

The son of French composer and musicologist Guillaume Louis Cottrau, he is best known for his arrangement of "Santa Lucia", published in 1850 and recorded among others by Enrico Caruso and Elvis Presley.
Dagda Municipality
Dagda Municipality (Latvian: Dagdas novads) is a former municipality in Latgale, Latvia. The municipality was formed in 2009 by merging Andrupene parish, Andzeļi parish, Asūne parish, Bērziņi parish, Dagda parish, Ezernieki parish, Konstantinova parish, Ķepova parish, Svariņi parish, Šķaune parish and Dagda town, the administrative centre being Dagda. As of 2020, the population was 6,549.

On 1 July 2021, Dagda Municipality ceased to exist and its territory was merged into Krāslava Municipality.

Ezernieki Parish
Ezernieki Parish (Latvian: Ezernieku pagasts) is an administrative territorial entity of Krāslava Municipality in the Latgale region of Latvia. It is located in the municipality's north, on the shores of Lake Eša.
Sibthorpe (surname)
Sibthorp or Sibthorpe is a surname.

People with the surname include:

A. B. C. Sibthorpe (183?–1916), African historian

Charles Sibthorp (1783–1855), widely caricatured British Ultra-Tory politician in the early 19th century

Fletcher Sibthorp (born 1967), British artist

Gervaise Waldo-Sibthorp (1815–1861), Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) for Lincoln 1856–1861

Humphry Sibthorp (1713–1797), British botanist

Humphrey Sibthorp (1744–1815), Tory Member of Parliament (MP) for Boston 1777–1784 and Lincoln 1800–1806

John Sibthorp (1758–1796), English botanist

John Sibthorpe (1669–1718), English politician

Richard Sibthorp (1792–1879), English Anglican and Roman Catholic priest and member of the Oxford Movement

Robert Sibthorpe (died 1662), English clergyman

Humphry Sibthorp (botanist)
Humphry Waldo Sibthorp (1713–1797) was a British  botanist. He was a younger son of John Sibthorpe, MP for Lincoln and Mary Browne, daughter of Humphrey Browne of Lincoln.

After the death of Johann Jacob Dillenius (1684–1747), he became the Sherardian Professor of Botany at the University of Oxford from 1747 to 1783. He is known for having taught one course for 37 years. He began the catalogue of the plants of the botanical garden of the university, Catalogus Plantarum Horti Botanici Oxoniensis.

The genus Sibthorpia, in the plantain family of plants is named after him. It was published by Carl Linnaeus in his book Species Plantarum in 1753.
Fourier–Motzkin elimination
Fourier–Motzkin elimination, also known as the FME method, is a mathematical algorithm for eliminating variables from a system of linear inequalities. It can output real solutions.

The algorithm is named after Joseph Fourier who proposed the method in 1826 and Theodore Motzkin who re-discovered it in 1936.

Joseph Fourier
Jean-Baptiste Joseph Fourier (/ˈfʊrieɪ, -iər/; French: [ʒɑ̃ batist ʒozɛf fuʁje]; 21 March 1768 – 16 May 1830) was a French mathematician and physicist born in Auxerre, Burgundy and best known for initiating the investigation of Fourier series, which eventually developed into Fourier analysis and harmonic analysis, and their applications to problems of heat transfer and vibrations. The Fourier transform and Fourier's law of conduction are also named in his honour. Fourier is also generally credited with the discovery of the greenhouse effect.
Marilyn! the Musical
Marilyn! The Musical is a musical written by Mort Garson about Marilyn Monroe that was originally produced in London in 1983 as a vehicle for Stephanie Lawrence.

The show's book and lyrics were by Jacques Wilson and it opened at the Adelphi Theatre on 17 March 1983 where it ran for 156 performances.

Directed by Larry Fuller, with whom Lawrence had worked on Evita, the principal cast also included John Christie, John Bennett, David Firth, Bruce Barry and Judith Bruce.

Despite poor reviews for the show, Lawrence's performance was praised.

Adelphi Theatre
The Adelphi Theatre /əˈdɛlfi/ is a West End theatre, located on the Strand in the City of Westminster, central London. The present building is the fourth on the site. The theatre has specialised in comedy and musical theatre, and today it is a receiving house for a variety of productions, including many musicals. The theatre was Grade II listed for historical preservation on 1 December 1987.
Shibi (king)
Shibi (Sanskrit: शिबि, romanized: Śibi) is a king featured in Hindu texts. He is described to be the son of Ushinara of the Chandravamshi (Lunar dynasty). In one of his legends, he is said to have rescued Agni (transformed into a dove) from Indra (transformed into a kite) by offering up his flesh. He is a great king of kindness

Hindu texts
Hindu texts or Hindu scriptures are manuscripts and voluminous historical literature which are related to any of the diverse traditions within Hinduism. Some of the major Hindu texts include the Vedas, the Upanishads,  the Itihasa (Mahabharata and the Ramayana) and Puranas. Scholars hesitate in defining the term "Hindu scriptures" given the diverse nature of Hinduism, but many list the Agamas as Hindu scriptures, and Dominic Goodall includes Bhagavata Purana and Yajnavalkya Smriti in the list of Hindu scriptures as well.
Hum Mein Shahenshah Koun
Hum Mein Shahenshah Kaun (transl. Who amongst us is the Shahenshah?) is an upcoming Indian Hindi-language action drama film directed by Harmesh Malhotra, starring Shatrughan Sinha, Rajinikanth, Hema Malini, Anita Raj, Amrish Puri, Prem Chopra, Sharat Saxena, and Jagdeep.

Shah
Shāh (/ʃɑː/; Persian: شاه [ˈʃaːɦ] ⓘ) is a royal title meaning 'king' in Persian. Though chiefly associated with the monarchs of Iran, it was also used to refer to the leaders of numerous Persianate societies, such as the Ottoman Empire, the Khanate of Bukhara and the Emirate of Bukhara, the Mughal Empire, the Bengal Sultanate, and various Afghan dynasties, as well as among Gurkhas. With regard to Iranian history, in particular, each ruling monarch was not seen simply as the head of the concurrent dynasty and state, but as the successor to a long line of royalty beginning with the original Persian Empire of Cyrus the Great. To this end, he was more emphatically known as the Shāhanshāh (شاهنشاه, šāhanšāh, 'king of kings' [ˌʃaːhanˈʃaːɦ]), since the Achaemenid dynasty. A roughly equivalent title is Pādishāh (پادشاه, pādišāh, pādšāh, 'master king'), which was most widespread during the Muslim period in the Indian subcontinent.
Fjords (board game)
Fjords is a tile-based German-style board game designed by Franz-Benno Delonge and published in 2005 by Hans im Glück and Rio Grande Games. Unlike some other games in the genre, Fjords is strictly limited to two players. The game is played in two phases: exploration and expansion. In the first phase, the players draw random hexagonal tiles and place them on the game table in alternating sequence to form a map.  Tile edges must consistently match with respect to terrain types (clear land, mountain, and water). On some of the tiles they place their four villages. In the second phase, they expand from their villages by placing tokens of their colour on the tiles. The player who succeeds in placing the most tokens (by cutting off the other player's access to tiles) wins the game.

Fjords was republished in 2022 by Grail Games. The new edition includes rules for 2-4 players, 5 new variants designed by Phil Walker-Harding, and art by Beth Sobel.

Eurogame
A Eurogame, also called a German-style board game, German game, or Euro-style game (generally only referred to as board games in Europe), is a class of tabletop games which generally feature indirect player interaction, lack of player elimination, and provide multiple ways to score points. Eurogames are sometimes contrasted with American-style board games which generally involve more luck, conflict, and drama. They are usually less abstract than chess or Go, but more focused on economic competition than wargames. Likewise, they generally require more thought and planning than party games like Pictionary and Trivial Pursuit.
Todd Blackadder
Todd Blackadder (born 20 September 1971) is a retired New Zealand rugby union player and professional rugby coach. He played 12 tests (25 games) for the All Blacks, and had 14 appearances as captain. Blackadder captained the Crusaders to three Super Rugby titles during his time with the franchise. He also won two National Provincial Championship titles with Canterbury. Blackadder coached the Crusaders for nine seasons from 2009 to 2016.

Blackadder began his career as a blindside flanker but switched to lock in 1998.

Flanker (rugby union)
Flanker is a position in the sport of rugby union. Each team of 15 players includes two flankers, who play in the forwards, and are generally classified as either blindside or openside flankers, numbers 6 and 7 respectively. The name comes from their position in a scrum in which they 'flank' each set of forwards. They compete for the ball – most commonly in rucks and mauls. Flankers also assist in pushing in a scrum, but are expected to detach from the scrum as soon as the ball is out to get to the play before the opposition's forwards. Flankers also participate in line-outs, either being lifted to contest or win possession, or to lift other players. Flankers are usually the key participants in the tackling process. The flankers, especially the openside, are often the fastest forwards on the team but still relied upon for tackling.
Fort Santo Estevão
Fort Santo Estevão (Fortaleza de Santo Estevão in Portuguese) is a military structure erected in Santo Estevão Island, in Goa, by the Portuguese.

Built on the highest point of Santo Estevão Island, it was originally built as a watchtower to guard the Mandovi River, in 1550. It was the easternmost defensive structure in the Velhas Conquistas. After the first Maratha incursions against Goa, in 1666-1668, The structure was expanded into a small fort. In 1683, the Marathas attacked Goa and managed to breach into the island of Santo Estevão because the corps of auxiliaries tasked with defending it fled from their enemy. The Marathas captured the fort and massacred its garrison.

After the annexation of the Novas Conquistas, the fort lost its military purpose. It was abandoned in 1811 by decree of the Viceroy of India Dom Bernardo José Maria da Silveira e Lorena.

Restoration works were undertaken on the fort in 2012.

Novas Conquistas
The Novas Conquistas or "New Conquests" are a group of seven  concelhos (municipalities) of Goa and Damaon, officially known as Portuguese India. They were added into Goa in the 18th century AD, comparatively date than the three original concelhos that make up the Velhas Conquistas, or "Old Conquests".

The seven concelhos of the Novas Conquistas are:

Pernem,

Bicholim,

Sattari,

Antruz (Ponda),

Sanguem (modern-day Sanguem and Dharbandora),

Quepem and

Canacona.

Silvassa was a newly-acquired area in the Província do Norte.

In writing postal addresses, the Novas Conquistas were abbreviated "N.C."
Daouda Jabi
Daouda Jabi (born 10 April 1981) is a Guinean former professional footballer who played as a defender.

He began his senior career with Pacy Vallée-d'Eure and USL Dunkerque before moving to RC Lens where he played for the club's reserves and the first team. He spent the 2005–06 season with AC Ajaccio. In his last two seasons he played for Turkish club Kayseri Erciyesspor and Trabzonspor respectively.

Born in Guinea Bissau, Jabi appeared in three matches at the 2006 Africa Cup of Nations finals, helping the Guinea national team reach the quarter-finals.

AC Ajaccio
Athletic Club Ajaccien (Corsican: Athletic Club Aiaccini), commonly referred to as AC Ajaccio, ACA or simply Ajaccio (French pronunciation: [aʒaksjo] ⓘ) is a French football club based in the city of Ajaccio on the island of Corsica. They compete in the Régional 2, the seventh tier of French football, after having been administratively relegated at the end of the 2024–25 Ligue 2 season.

The club was founded in 1910. They play their home matches at the Stade Michel Moretti and are rivals with fellow Corsican club Bastia, with whom they contest the Corsica derby (Derby Corse).
Joshua Aronson
Joshua Michael Aronson is an American social psychologist and Associate Professor of Applied Psychology at New York University's Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development. He is known for his pioneering work on stereotype threat, which he conducted in the 1990s along with Claude Steele and Steven Spencer. This work has shown that female, minority, and low-income children are stereotyped as performing worse on standardized tests, and that when they are taught to overcome these stereotypes, their standardized test scores improve. He also co-authored a study in 2009 in which he reported no evidence that African Americans' test scores had improved as a result of the election of Barack Obama as President of the United States the previous year.

Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development
The New York University Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development (branded as NYU Steinhardt) is the school of education at New York University. The school was founded as the School of Pedagogy in 1890. It was known as the NYU School of Education before 2001.

Located on NYU's founding campus in Greenwich Village, the Steinhardt School offers bachelor's, master's, advanced certificate, and doctoral programs in the fields of applied psychology, art, education, health, media, and music. NYU Steinhardt also offers several degree programs at NYU's Brooklyn campus.
Farissol
Farissol is a Jewish surname.

People with the surname include:

Abraham Farissol (c. 1451–1525 or 1526), Jewish-Italian mathematician and astronomer

Jacob ben Chayyim Comprat Vidal Farissol (fl. 1422–1453), Provençal Jewish scholar

Moses Botarel Farissol, 15th-century Jewish astronomer and mathematician

Yehuda Farissol (fl. 1499), Jewish-Italian mathematician and astronomer

Moses Botarel Farissol
Moses Botarel Farissol was a Jewish astronomer and mathematician of the second half of the 15th century.

He wrote a work on the calendar entitled Meleket ha-Ḳebi'ah, and compiled, under the title Nofet Ẓufim, calendric tables. Both these works, in manuscript, are preserved in the royal library at Munich.
Stefano Lemmi
Stefano Lemmi (active 17th-century) was an Italian painter. He was born near Silano in the Lunigiana and was a pupil or follower of Guido Reni in Bologna, but painted mainly in the areas near Carrara. He painted for the castello Malaspina in Fosdinovo. He painted for the theater in Massa. He painted for the Ducal Palace of Modena under commission by Teresa Pamfilio Cybo. He painted for the church of San Francesco and other churches and monasteries in Fivizzano.

Silano
Silano is a surname of Italian origin. Notable persons with that surname include:

Lena Silano (born 2000), American professional soccer player

Rocco Silano (born 1960), American magician, author, and lecturer
Arthur Jackson (Australian politician)
Arthur Richard Jackson (7 December 1874 − 12 January 1957) was an English-born Australian politician.

Jackson was born in Stourbridge to wood pattern maker David Jackson and Sarah Dinah Hall. He came to Newcastle, New South Wales, at the age of twelve and worked in the coal mines. He travelled widely around Australia and New Zealand, and around 1895 married Ellen Andrews, with whom he had three children. He settled in Victoria around 1912 and managed a grocery store. He served on Prahran City Council from 1922 to 1924.

Jackson 1924 he was elected to the Victorian Legislative Assembly as the Labor member for Prahran. He left the Labor Party in 1932 after supporting the Premiers' Plan, and was defeated in the election of that year. He then became a draper at Colac, and was readmitted to the Labor Party, contesting Polwarth in 1940 and 1943 and Prahran in 1945. He retired to Melbourne and died at South Yarra in 1957.

South Yarra
South Yarra is an inner-city suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 4 km south-east of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the Cities of Melbourne and Stonnington local government areas. South Yarra recorded a population of 25,028 at the 2021 census.

Punt Road divides the suburb between Stonnington (east) and Melbourne (west). The main shopping region of South Yarra runs along Toorak Road and Chapel Street. Trade along these two arteries are focused on trendy and upmarket shopping, restaurants, nightclubs and cafe culture. The area of South Yarra centred along Commercial Road was for several decades one of Melbourne's gay villages.
Governors of Plantations Act 1698
The Governors of Plantations Act 1698 (11 Will. 3. c. 12) formally titled "An Act to punish Governors of Plantations in this Kingdom for crimes by them committed in the Plantations" was an act of the Parliament of England passed during the reign of William III of England.

It is the earliest English or British legislation by which Crown servants, including diplomats and governors, could be punished under English law for offences committed abroad. A notable prosecution under the act was in the case of R v Wall in which Joseph Wall, the former governor of Gorée, was hanged for causing the death of a soldier following an illegal flogging 20 years previously.

Joseph Wall (colonial administrator)
Joseph Wall (1737 – 28 January 1802) was a British Army officer and Lieutenant Governor of Gorée, an island near Dakar, Senegal, who was executed in London for the fatal flogging of one of his soldiers. The former colonial administrator, who had previously been arrested for cruelty, was hanged outside Newgate Prison eight days after a one-day trial at the Old Bailey. Thousands of people came to watch the execution because of the notoriety of the case.
German submarine U-288
German submarine U-288 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.

The submarine was laid down on 7 September 1942 at the Bremer Vulkan yard at Bremen-Vegesack as yard number 53. She was launched on 15 May 1943 and commissioned on 26 June under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Willy Meyer.

She did not sink or damage any ships.

She was sunk by British aircraft of the Fleet Air Arm from two escort carriers on 3 April 1944.

Fleet Air Arm
The Fleet Air Arm (FAA) is the naval aviation component of the United Kingdom's Royal Navy (RN). The FAA is one of five RN fighting arms. As of 2023 it is a primarily helicopter force, though also operating the F-35B Lightning II carrier-based stealth fighter jointly with the Royal Air Force.

The RAF was formed by the 1918 merger of the RN's Royal Naval Air Service with the British Army's Royal Flying Corps. The FAA did not come under the direct control of the Admiralty until mid-1939. During the Second World War, the FAA operated aircraft on ships as well as land-based aircraft that defended the Royal Navy's shore establishments and facilities.
Wilhelm Rath
Wilhelm Rath (14 May 1897, in Berlin – 13 January 1973, in Wolfsburg/Kärnten, Austria) was a German writer, translator, bio-dynamic farmer and anthroposophist. He is best known for his research and translations of certain medieval mystics, notably the Friend of God from the Oberland, Bernard Silvestris, Alanus ab Insulis and John of Hildesheim.

Upon leaving school in 1914, he volunteered for active service and was taken captive towards the end of World War I. As a prisoner of war in England, he learned of Anthroposophy and took up contact with Rudolf Steiner after the war. He subsequently became committed to the work of biodynamic agriculture, which he pursued until his death.

With Ernst Lehrs he contributed significantly to the organisation of the youth conference in which Rudolf Steiner held the lecture cycle “The Younger Generation” and which led to the founding of an Esoteric Youth Circle.

Alain de Lille
Alain de Lille (Alan of Lille; Latin: Alanus ab Insulis; c. 1128 – 1202/1203) was a French theologian and poet. He was born in Lille some time before 1128. His exact date of death remains unclear as well, with most research pointing toward it being between 14 April 1202 and 5 April 1203. He is known for writing a number of works based upon the teachings of the liberal arts, with one of his most renowned poems, De planctu Naturae ("The Complaint of Nature"), focusing on sexual conduct among humans. Although Alain was widely known during his lifetime, little is known about his personal life.

As a theologian, Alain de Lille opposed scholasticism in the second half of the 12th century. His philosophy is characterized by rationalism and mysticism. Alain claimed that reason, guided by prudence, could discover most truths about the physical order without help; but in order to understand religious truth and to know God, the wise must be believers.