hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Buren, Friesland
Buren (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈbyːrə(n)] ⓘ) is the easternmost village on the island of Ameland, one of the West Frisian Islands and part of the Netherlands. Buren had, as of January 2017, a population of 715.

West Frisian Islands
The West Frisian Islands (Dutch: Waddeneilanden, pronounced [ˈʋɑdə(n)ˌɛilɑndə(n)] ⓘ; West Frisian: Waadeilannen) are a chain of islands in the North Sea off the northern Dutch coast, along the edge of the Wadden Sea. They continue further east as the German East Frisian Islands and are part of the Frisian Islands.

From west to east the islands are: Noorderhaaks, Texel, Vlieland, Richel, Griend, Terschelling, Ameland, Rif, Engelsmanplaat, Schiermonnikoog, Simonszand, Rottumerplaat, Rottumeroog, and Zuiderduintjes.

The Frisian Islands are nowadays mostly famous as a holiday destination. Island hopping is possible by regular ferries from the mainland and by specialised tour operators. Cycling is the most favourable means of transport on most of the islands. On Vlieland and Schiermonnikoog cars are allowed only for regular inhabitants.
Spartak Makovsky
Spartak Iosifovich Makovsky (Russian: Спарта́к Ио́сифович Мако́вский; 27 November 1920 — 27 March  2000) was a Soviet fighter pilot and Hero of the Soviet Union who became a flying ace during World War II, tallying an estimated 25 solo and three shared shootdowns. He was also awarded the Order of Lenin, 3 Orders of the Red Banner, the Order of Alexander Nevsky, 2 Orders of the Patriotic War 1st class, and the Order of the Red Star.

Order of the Red Star
The Order of the Red Star (Russian: Орден Красной Звезды, romanised: Orden Krasnoy Zvezdy) was a military decoration of the Soviet Union.  It was established by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of 6 April 1930 but its statute was only defined in decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of 5 May 1930. That statute was amended by decrees of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of 7 May 1936, of 19 June 1943, of 26 February 1946, of 15 October 1947, of 16 December 1947 and by decree No 1803-X of 28 March 1980.
Phil Dougherty
Phillip Francis Dougherty (September 20, 1912 – September 28, 2000) was an American professional football player who was a Center in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Santa Clara Broncos and was selected 75th overall in the ninth round of the 1938 NFL draft. He played one season for the Chicago Cardinals (1938).

1938 NFL draft
The 1938 NFL draft was held on December 12, 1937, at the Sherman House Hotel in Chicago, Illinois. The draft consisted of 12 rounds and 110 player selections. It began with the Cleveland Rams using the first overall pick of the draft to select Corbett Davis.
Tillaikhombee
Tillaikhombee (English: Caterpillar, also written as Tillaikhombi) is a 2010 Manipuri film directed by Khwairakpam Bishwamittra and produced by Jiri Budha under the banner of Ningshing Mami Production, Jiribam. It stars Raju Nong, Huirem Seema, Nillachandra and Sonia Hijam in the lead roles. The movie was premiered as a press show at Cinema Paradiso, Thangal Bazar on 9 April 2010. It was later released at Pratap Talkies, Paona Bazar and many other theatres of Manipur in 2010.

The film bagged two awards at the 1st MANIFA 2012 organised by Sahitya Seva Samiti, Kakching.

Khwairakpam Bishwamittra
Khwairakpam Bishwamittra is an Indian film director, actor and script writer who works in theatre and Manipuri films. He first appeared on silver screen in the 1996 hit film Kanaga Hinghouni, where he co-directed with Chan Heisnam. Some of the famous films he directed include Kaorage, Torei and Sur Da Ngaojabee. He is also a renowned playwright of Manipuri Shumang Leelas and stage plays produced by AIR Imphal and Doordarshan DDK Imphal. As of 2022, his non-feature Eewai got official selection at the 4th Nepal Cultural International Film Festival 2022.  Eewai was screened at the 28th Kolkata International Film Festival in Short and Documentary Panorama section on 19 and 21 December 2022 at Nandan-III and Sichir Mancha, Kolkata.
1st Pereverzevka
1st Pereverzevka or Pervaya Pereverzevka (Russian: 1-я Переверзевка, Первая Переверзевка) is a rural locality (Russian: деревня, lit. 'village') in Vysoksky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Medvensky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population:  71 (2010 Census); 75 (2002 Census);

Medvensky District
Medvensky District (Russian: Ме́двенский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-eight in Kursk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southern central part of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,090 square kilometers (420 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Medvenka. Population: 16,324 (2021 Census); 16,558 (2010 Census);  19,220 (2002 Census); 21,528 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Medvenka accounts for 27.6% of the district's total population.
Dainerys Machado Vento
Dainerys Machado Vento is a Cuban writer and scholar. She was born in Havana in 1986. She studied journalism at the Universidad de La Habana, followed by doctoral studies in Modern Languages and Literature at the University of Miami.

She is the author of Las noventa Habanas (short stories, 2019) and Retratos de la orilla (short stories, 2022). Her stories have been anthologized in Mexico and the United States, and her journalistic work has appeared in outlets such as Cuadernos Americanos, Hemisférica y Decimonónica, Revista Horizontum and La Gaceta de Cuba. She won the 2016 State of San Luis Potosí Prize for Journalism. In 2021 she was named by Granta magazine as one of the best young writers in the Spanish language.

She studied literature at the Colegio de San Luis A.C. in Mexico, and co-founded the publishing house Sualos/Swallows.

University of Havana
The University of Havana (UH; Spanish: Universidad de La Habana) is a public university located in the Vedado district of Havana, the capital of Cuba. Founded on 5 January 1728, the university is the oldest in Cuba, and one of the first to be founded in the Americas. Originally a religious institution, today the university has 15 faculties (colleges) at its Havana campus and distance learning centers throughout Cuba.
Weldenia
Weldenia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Commelinaceae. It includes two species of tuberous geophytes native to Mexico and Guatemala.

Weldenia candida Schult.f. – Mexico and Guatemala

Weldenia volcanica (Benth.) M.Pell. & Espejo – Mexico and Guatemala

Storage organ
A storage organ is a part of a plant specifically modified for storage of energy 
(generally in the form of carbohydrates) or water. Storage organs often grow underground, where they are better protected from attack by herbivores. Plants that have an underground storage organ are called geophytes in the Raunkiær plant life-form classification system. Storage organs often, but not always, act as perennating organs which enable plants to survive adverse conditions (such as cold, excessive heat, lack of light or drought).
Helen's Hit Parade
Helen's Hit Parade is an EP by singer Helen Shapiro. It was released in February 1962 and reached number one in the UK EPs Chart in the week ending 24 March 1962, remaining at the top of the chart for three weeks, and subsequently returning to the top for one further week, ending 26 May 1962.

The EP collected the A-sides of Shapiro's three hit singles from 1961, along with the B-side of the first. Martin Slavin was the director of the musical accompaniment, except on "Walkin' Back to Happiness" where Norrie Paramor was the musical director.

Norrie Paramor
Norman William "Norrie" Paramor (15 May 1913 – 9 September 1979) was a British record producer, composer, arranger, pianist, bandleader, and orchestral conductor. He is best known for his work with Cliff Richard and the Shadows, both together and separately, steering their early careers and producing and arranging most of their material from the late 1950s to the early 1970s. Paramor was an orchestra conductor and composer of music for studio albums, theatrical productions, and film scores.
Hestor L. Stevens
Hestor Lockhart Stevens (October 1, 1803 – May 7, 1864) was a politician from the U.S. state of Michigan.

Stevens was born in Lima, New York and attended the common schools.  He studied law, was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Rochester, New York.  He ranked as major general of militia of western New York.

Stevens later moved to Pontiac, Michigan.  In 1852, he was elected as a Democrat from Michigan's newly created 4th congressional district to the 33rd United States Congress, serving from March 4, 1853 to March 3, 1855.

Stevens was not a candidate for re-election in 1854 and resumed the practice of law in Washington, D.C.  He died in Washington, D.C., and is interred there in Oak Hill Cemetery.

Lima, New York
Lima (/ˈlaɪmə/, the name is a shibboleth) is a town in Livingston County, New York, United States. The population was 4,154 at the 2020 census. The town is in the northeast part of the county, south of Rochester. The village of Lima is located within the town.
Brain abscess
Brain abscess (or cerebral abscess) is an abscess within the brain tissue caused by inflammation and collection of infected material coming from local (ear infection, dental abscess, infection of paranasal sinuses, infection of the mastoid air cells of the temporal bone, epidural abscess) or remote (lung, heart, kidney etc.) infectious sources. The infection may also be introduced through a skull fracture following a head trauma or surgical procedures. Brain abscess is usually associated with congenital heart disease in young children. It may occur at any age but is most frequent in the third decade of life.

Mastoid part of the temporal bone
The mastoid part of the temporal bone is the posterior (back) part of the temporal bone, one of the bones of the skull. Its rough surface gives attachment to various muscles (via tendons) and it has openings for blood vessels. From its borders, the mastoid part articulates with two other bones.
João Tamagnini Barbosa
João Tamagnini de Sousa Barbosa (30 December 1883 – 15 December 1948), commonly known as João Tamagnini Barbosa (Portuguese pronunciation: [ʒuˈɐ̃w tamaˈɲini βɐɾˈβɔzɐ]), or Tamagnini Barbosa, was a Portuguese military officer and politician of the Portuguese First Republic (1910–1926).

First Portuguese Republic
The First Portuguese Republic (Portuguese: Primeira República Portuguesa; officially: República Portuguesa, Portuguese Republic) spans a complex 16-year period in the history of Portugal, between the end of the period of constitutional monarchy marked by the 5 October 1910 revolution and the 28 May 1926 coup d'état. The latter movement instituted a military dictatorship known as Ditadura Nacional (national dictatorship) that would be followed by the corporatist Estado Novo (new state) regime of António de Oliveira Salazar.

The sixteen years of the First Republic saw eight presidents and 45 ministries, and were altogether more of a transition between the Kingdom of Portugal and the Estado Novo than they were a coherent period of governance.
Emmenbrücke Gersag railway station
Emmenbrücke Gersag railway station (German: Bahnhof Emmenbrücke Gersag) is a railway station in the municipality of Emmen, in the Swiss canton of Lucerne. It is located at the junction of the standard gauge Olten–Lucerne and Seetal lines of Swiss Federal Railways.

Seetal railway line
The Seetal railway line (German: Seetalbahn) is a 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) (standard-gauge) railway of the Swiss Federal Railways between Lenzburg and Lucerne in Switzerland. The line was opened in 1883 by the Lake Valley of Switzerland Railway Company, which was owned by British investors, and subsequently owned by the Schweizerische Seethalbahn-Gesellschaft (SthB).

As built, the line had many of the characteristics of an interurban tramway, following the parallel road almost throughout and running within the villages, separating houses from the road. Despite right-of-way improvements and the introduction of narrower trains to avoid clipping accidents, much of this nature has survived to the current day.
Porfiromycin
Porfiromycin is an N-methyl derivative of the antineoplastic antibiotic, mitomycin C, which is isolated from various Streptomyces bacterial species. As an antineoplastic agent, it is under investigation for the treatment of cancer, particularly head and neck cancer.

Porfiromycin works by generating oxygen radicals and alkylating DNA, resulting in interstrand cross-links and single-strand breaks. This inhibits DNA synthesis and leads to the death of cancer cells. It has a higher toxicity towards hypoxic cells, making it an attractive option for cancer treatment.

Porfiromycin can increase the risk of methemoglobinemia when taken with certain medications. It belongs to the class of compounds known as mitomycins, which are characterized by their aziridine ring linked to a 7-amino-6-methyl-cyclohexa[b]pyrrolizine-5,8-dione structure.

Tumor hypoxia
Tumor hypoxia is the situation where tumor cells have been deprived of oxygen. As a tumor grows, it rapidly outgrows its blood supply, leaving portions of the tumor with regions where the oxygen concentration is significantly lower than in healthy tissues. Hypoxic microenvironments in solid tumors are a result of available oxygen being consumed within 70 to 150 μm of tumor vasculature by rapidly proliferating tumor cells thus limiting the amount of oxygen available to diffuse further into the tumor tissue. In order to support continuous growth and proliferation in challenging hypoxic environments, cancer cells are found to alter their metabolism. Furthermore, hypoxia is known to change cell behavior and is associated with extracellular matrix remodeling and increased migratory and metastatic behavior.
Cravant, Yonne
Cravant (French pronunciation: [kʁavɑ̃]) is a former commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune Deux Rivières.

In 1423, during the Hundred Years' War, it was the site of the Battle of Cravant between Anglo-Burgundian and Franco-Scots forces.

Yonne
Yonne (French: [jɔn], in Burgundian: Ghienne) is a department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in France. It is named after the river Yonne, which flows through it, in the country's north-central part. One of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté's eight constituent departments, it is located in its northwestern part, bordering Île-de-France. It was created in 1790 during the French Revolution. Its prefecture is Auxerre, with subprefectures in Avallon and Sens. Its INSEE and postcode number is 89.

Yonne is Bourgogne-Franche-Comté's fourth-most populous department, with a population of 335,707 (2019). Its largest city is its prefecture Auxerre, with a population of about 35,000 within city limits and 68,000 in the urban area.
Ivor Edward David
Ivor Edward David (6 April 1875 - 23 November 1913) was the seventh British colonial Inspector-General of Police in Ceylon (1910-1913).

Ivor Edward David was born 6 April 1875 in Llandaff, Glamorgan, Wales.

David joined the Indian Police Service having passed the Civil Service Examination, where he served in Mysore, Bangalore and Madras.

In 1910 when Cyril Longden's contract as Inspector-General of Police of Ceylon expired the Colonial government first considered appointing Herbert Dowbiggin but he was determined as being too young for the position. The government instead choose to appoint David, the District Superintendent of Police in Madras, as the new Inspector-General of Police in Ceylon.

During his tenure David is noted for establishing the Police sports grounds in Bambalapitiya in 1912.
David died unexpectedly on 23 November 1913 in Colombo, Ceylon at the age of 38. His position as Inspector-General of Police was filled by Dowbiggin.

Indian Police Service
The Indian Police Service (IPS) is a civil service under the All India Services. It replaced the Indian Imperial Police in 1948, a year after India became independent from the British Empire.

Along with the Indian Administrative Service (IAS) and the Indian Forest Service (IFS), the IPS is part of the All India Services – its officers are employed by both the Union Government and by individual states governments.

The service provides leadership to various state and central police forces, including the Central Armed Police Forces (BSF, SSB, CRPF, CISF, and ITBP), the National Security Guard (NSG), Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB), National Disaster Response Force (NDRF), Intelligence Bureau (IB), Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW), Special Protection Group (SPG), National Investigation Agency (NIA), and the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI).
Swimming at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Women's marathon 10 kilometre
The women's marathon 10 kilometre event at the 2020 Summer Olympics was held on 4 August 2021 at the Odaiba Marine Park. It was the fourth appearance of the event, having first been held in 2008.

Ana Marcela Cunha won with a time of 1:59:30.8, becoming the first Brazilian woman swimmer to win a gold medal in the Olympics. Former Olympic gold medalist Sharon van Rouwendaal of the Netherlands finished second, with Kareena Lee of Australia taking the bronze.

Netherlands at the 2020 Summer Olympics
The Netherlands competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo. Originally scheduled to take place from 24 July to 9 August 2020, the Games were postponed to 23 July to 8 August 2021, because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Dutch athletes have competed at every edition of the Summer Olympic Games, with the exception of the sparsely attended 1904 Summer Olympics in St. Louis and 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne (except the equestrian events in Stockholm), which the Netherlands boycotted because of the Soviet invasion of Hungary.
Elving Anderson
Victor Elving Anderson (September 6, 1921 – March 9, 2014) was an American geneticist whose research focused on the role of genetics in human diseases such as breast cancer and epilepsy. He was also active in advocating for the reconciliation of science with his Christian faith, arguing that the two were not necessarily contradictory.

Bethel University (Minnesota)
Bethel University is a private Baptist  university and seminary in Arden Hills, Minnesota, United States.

It was founded in 1871 as a seminary and is affiliated with Converge. The university enrolls 5,600 students in undergraduate, graduate, and seminary programs. Its main campus is situated on about 290 acres on the east side of Lake Valentine, just south of Interstate 694.
Bimo (Morocco)
Bimo (Biscuiterie Industrielle du Moghreb) is a Moroccan company specializing in the production of biscuits and related confectionery products. Established in 1981 by Driss Meskini and René Ebbo, Bimo has become a prominent name in Morocco's food industry. The company is headquartered in Casablanca and operates as a subsidiary of Mondelez International.

Biscuit
A biscuit is a flour-based baked food item. Biscuits are typically hard, flat, and unleavened. They are usually sweet and may be made with sugar, chocolate, icing, jam, ginger, or cinnamon. Savoury biscuits are called crackers.

Types of biscuit include biscotti, sandwich biscuits (such as custard creams), digestive biscuits, ginger biscuits, shortbread biscuits, chocolate chip cookies, Anzac biscuits, and speculaas.

The term "biscuit" is used in many English-speaking countries. In the United States and parts of Canada, sweet biscuits are nearly always called "cookies" and savoury biscuits are called "crackers".
Acoustic Ladyland
Acoustic Ladyland was a London-based jazz-punk band consisting of Pete Wareham on vocals and saxophone, Seb Rochford on drums, Chris Sharkey on guitar, and Ruth Goller on bass guitar.

Tom Herbert of The Invisible played bass on their first three albums. They are part of the F-IRE Collective. Some of the members are now part of electronic jazz group Melt Yourself Down, whose debut album came out in 2013.

F-IRE Collective
F-IRE Collective is a creative music community founded by Barak Schmool. It has been described as the UK's leading and perhaps most influential modern jazz group. The Collective also has a record label.

In 2004, F-IRE Collective won the BBC Jazz Award for Innovation.
Mezmay
44°12′N 39°58′E﻿ / ﻿44.200°N 39.967°E﻿ / 44.200; 39.967

Mezmay (Adyghe: Мэзмые, Russian: Мезма́й) is a settlement in Apsheronsky District of Krasnodar Krai, Russia, located in the valley of the Kurdzhips River near its confluence with the Mezmay River, 35 kilometres (22 mi) south-east of Apsheronsk. Its population is less than a thousand inhabitants. It is a popular mountain resort.

The village was linked with Apsheronsk by branch line of the Apsheronsk narrow-gauge railway, yet, in 2010 this branch was almost completely dismantled, except 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) length part between Mezmay and village Guamka. This remaining railway was from 2011 to 2017 interrupted due to a landslide.

Apsheronsk
Apsheronsk (Russian: Апшеро́нск) is a town and the administrative center of Apsheronsky District of Krasnodar Krai, Russia, located on the Pshekha River (in the Kuban's basin). Population: 39,488 (2020), [40,225 (2010 Census); 39,608 (2002 Census); 34,505 (1989 Soviet census); 33,400 (1968).

It was previously known as Apsheronskaya.
South African Class H 4-10-2T
The South African Railways Class H 4-10-2T, introduced in 1899, was a steam locomotive from the pre-Union era in the Colony of Natal.

Between 1899 and 1903, the Natal Government Railways placed 101 tank steam locomotives with a 4-10-2 wheel arrangement in service. In 1912, after the establishment of the South African Railways, 93 of these Class C Reid Tenwheelers survived unmodified and were designated Class H.

Wheel arrangement
In rail transport, a wheel arrangement or wheel configuration is a system of classifying the way in which wheels are distributed under a locomotive. Several notations exist to describe the wheel assemblies of a locomotive by type, position, and connections, with the adopted notations varying by country.  Within a given country, different notations may also be employed for different kinds of locomotives, such as steam, electric, and diesel powered.

Especially in steam days, wheel arrangement was an important attribute of a locomotive because there were many different types of layout adopted, each wheel being optimised for a different use (often with only some being actually "driven"). Modern diesel and electric locomotives are much more uniform, usually with all axles driven.
Executive Bureau of the Presidency of the 9th Congress of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia
This electoral term of the Executive Bureau of the Presidency was elected by the 9th Congress of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia in 1969, and was in session until the gathering of the 10th Congress in 1974.

K. G. Saur Verlag
K. G. Saur Verlag is a German publisher based in Munich that specializes in reference information for libraries. The publishing house, founded in 1949 by Karl-Otto Saur, Chief of Armament Staff of wartime Nazi Germany as Dokumentation Saur, only became economically successful, now named K. G. Saur Verlag, from 1966 under his son Klaus Gerhard Saur.

In 1987,  K. G. Saur was acquired by Reed International. Its British holdings were merged into the separate company Bowker-Saur. In 2000, Reed Elsevier sold K. G. Saur to the Gale Group, a unit of the Thomson Corporation. Walter de Gruyter acquired it in 2006.