hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Richard Shorter
Richard Nicholas Shorter (26 July 1906 – 20 January 1984) was an English cricketer.  Shorter was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace.  He was born at Loughton, Essex, and was educated at Repton School.

Shorter made his first-class debut for Essex against Nottinghamshire at Trent Bridge in the 1926 County Championship.  He made 22 further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Cambridge University in 1929.  In his 23 first-class appearances, Shorter scored 108 runs at an average of 6.00, with a high score of 21.  With the ball, he took 15 wickets at a bowling average of 46.33, with best figures of 3/14.

He died at Drogheda, County Louth, Ireland, on 20 January 1984.

Trent Bridge
Trent Bridge Cricket Ground is a cricket ground mostly used for Test, One-Day International and county cricket located in West Bridgford, Nottinghamshire, England, just across the River Trent from the city of Nottingham. Trent Bridge is also the headquarters of Nottinghamshire County Cricket Club. As well as international cricket and Nottinghamshire's home games, the ground has hosted the Finals Day of the Twenty20 Cup twice and has hosted One-Day Cup since 2021.

In 2009, the ground was used for the ICC World Twenty20 and hosted the semi-final between South Africa and Pakistan. The site takes its name from the nearby main bridge over the Trent and it is also close to Meadow Lane and the City Ground, the football stadiums of Notts County and Nottingham Forest respectively.
Jack H. Breslow
Jack H. Breslow (1927 - 2023) was an American illustrator and painter known for his illustrations for Time Magazine, cover art for science fiction novels, and works in the National Portrait Gallery. In his later career, he pursued large-scale abstract paintings of nature and landscapes.

Andre Norton
Andre Alice Norton (born Alice Mary Norton, February 17, 1912 – March 17, 2005) was an American writer of science fiction and fantasy, who also wrote works of historical and contemporary fiction. She wrote primarily under the pen name Andre Norton, but also under Andrew North and Allen Weston. She was the first woman to be Gandalf Grand Master of Fantasy, to be SFWA Grand Master, and to be inducted by the Science Fiction and Fantasy Hall of Fame.
Kranji Reservoir Park
Kranji Reservoir Park is a 9-hectare park located next to Kranji Reservoir along Kranji Way in Singapore. It overlooks Johor Straits and is a favourite hotspot among fishing enthusiasts and weekend picnickers. Facilities include seventeen fishing grounds, pavilions and benches. The park's two fishing grounds Z and F are opened from 6am to 11pm daily. A war memorial plaque at the park serves to honor the brave soldiers who died while resisting the Japanese invasion during the Battle of Kranji in World War II.

Straits of Johor
The Johor Strait (also known as the Tebrau Strait, Straits of Johor, Selat Johor, Selat Tebrau, and Tebrau Reach, also spelled Johore Strait) is an international tidal strait in Southeast Asia, between Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia.
The One (2001 film)
The One is a 2001 American science fiction action film directed by James Wong, and written by Wong and Glen Morgan. It stars Jet Li, Delroy Lindo, Carla Gugino, and Jason Statham, with action choreography by Corey Yuen. The film, which deals with the concept of multiverses and interdimensional travel, follows Gabriel Yulaw (Jet Li), a rogue agent who travels to parallel realities in order to kill other versions of himself to become a mythical super-being known as "The One". Li plays a dual role as Yulaw and Gabe Law, an LASD deputy sheriff who teams up with a multiverse agent to prevent Yulaw from becoming the One.

Produced by Revolution Studios, The One was released in the United States by Columbia Pictures on November 2, 2001. The film was poorly received by critics and grossed $79.6 million worldwide.

Alpha
Alpha /ˈælfə/ ⓘ ALF-ə (uppercase Α, lowercase α) is the first letter of the Greek alphabet. In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of one. Alpha is derived from the Phoenician letter aleph ⟨𐤀⟩, whose name comes from the West Semitic word for 'ox'. Letters that arose from alpha include the Latin letter ⟨A⟩ and the Cyrillic letter ⟨А⟩.
Cesare Gussoni
Cesare Gussoni (20 January 1934 – 28 October 2024) was an Italian football referee.

He served as referee 106 times in Serie A between 1966 and 1978. He also refereed the 1977 Coppa Italia Final.

At international level, he refereed twice in the 1978 FIFA World Cup qualifiers: in Greece–Soviet Union on 10 May 1977 and in Hong Kong–Iran on 19 June 1977. He also served as a linesman in the 1976 European Cup Final.

In 1978, Gussoni was awarded the Giovanni Mauro Award as the best referee of the season.  In 2013, he was inducted into the Italian Football Hall of Fame.

1978 FIFA World Cup qualification (UEFA)
Listed below are the dates and results for the qualification to the 1978 FIFA World Cup rounds for the European zone (UEFA) in association football. For an overview of the qualification rounds, see the article 1978 FIFA World Cup qualification.

The European zone was allocated 9.5 places (out of 16) in the final tournament. West Germany, the defending champions, qualified automatically, leaving 8.5 spots open for competition between 31 teams. Albania and Liechtenstein were the only UEFA teams to not enter the competition.

The 31 teams were divided into 9 groups of 3 or 4 teams each (five groups with 3 teams and four groups with 4 teams). The teams would play against each other on a home-and-away basis. The winners of groups 1 to 8 would qualify, the winner of group 9 would advance to the UEFA / CONMEBOL Intercontinental Play-off.
Maureen O'Carroll
Maureen O'Carroll (née McHugh; 29 March 1913 – 9 May 1984) was an Irish Labour Party politician who served as a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Dublin North-Central constituency from 1954 to 1957. O'Carroll was the Labour Party's first-ever female TD. O'Carroll introduced women into the Garda Siochana and ensured that the word "illegitimate" no longer appeared on birth certificates.

Dublin North-Central
Dublin North-Central was a parliamentary constituency represented in Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Irish parliament or Oireachtas, from 1948 to 2016. The method of election was proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV).
Akshauhini
An akshauhini (Sanskrit: अक्षौहिणी akṣauhiṇī) is described in the Mahabharata (Adi Parva 2.15-23) as a battle formation consisting of 21,870 chariots (Sanskrit ratha); 21,870 elephants (Sanskrit gaja); 65,610 horses (Sanskrit turaga) and 109,350 infantry (Sanskrit pada sainyam). Thus one akshauhini consisted of 218,700 warriors (not including the charioteers, who didn't fight). The ratio is 1 chariot: 1 elephant: 3 cavalry: 5 infantry soldiers. In each of these large number groups (65,610, etc.), the digits add up to 18.

It is mentioned in the Mahabharata that in the Kurukshetra War the Pandava army consisted of seven akshauhinis (1,530,900 warriors), and the Kaurava army had eleven akshauhinis (2,405,700 warriors).

Adi Parva
The Adi Parva ("Book of the Beginning") is the first of the eighteen parvas (books) of the Indian epic Mahabharata. "Ādi" (आदि) in Sanskrit means "first". Adi Parva traditionally has 19 parts and 236 adhyayas (chapters). The critical edition of Adi Parva has 19 parts and 225 chapters.

Adi Parva describes how the epic came to be recited by Ugrasrava Sauti to the assembled rishis at the Naimisha Forest after first having been narrated at the sarpasatra of Janamejaya by Vaishampayana at Taxila. It includes an outline of contents from the eighteen books, along with the book's significance. The history of the Bhāratas and the Bhrigus are described. The main part of the work covers the birth and early life of the princes of the Kuru kingdom and the persecution of the Pandavas by Dhritarashtra.
Rudno, Ukraine
Rudno (Ukrainian: Рудно; Polish: Rudno), before 2025 known as Rudne (Рудне), is a rural settlement in Lviv Raion, Lviv Oblast, western Ukraine. It belongs to Lviv urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. The population was 7,502 (2022 estimate).

Lviv Raion
Lviv Raion (Ukrainian: Львівський район) is a raion (district) of Lviv Oblast, Ukraine. It was created on 18 July 2020 as part of Ukraine's administrative reform. The center of the region is the city of Lviv. The raion was formed by merging four abolished raions, Horodok, Peremyshliany, Pustomyty, and Zhovkva Raions, as well as Lviv Municipality and parts of Kamianka-Buzka and Zolochiv Raions. Population: 1,141,119 (2022 estimate).
T. M. Preble
Thomas Motherwell Preble (1810–1907) was a Free Will Baptist minister in New Hampshire and a Millerite preacher. After accepting the teachings of William Miller, Preble was excommunicated from his church.

Preble appears to have accepted the seventh-day Sabbath in 1844, possibly from Frederick Wheeler or someone associated with the Washington, New Hampshire, church.  Preble was the first Millerite to advocate the Sabbath in print. In the Feb. 28, 1845, issue of the Hope of Israel, an Adventist periodical in Portland, Maine, was reprinted in tract form in March, 1845, with the title, Tract, Showing That the Seventh Day Should be Observed as the Sabbath. This tract led to the conversion of J. N. Andrews and other Adventist families in Paris, Maine, as well as to Joseph Bates.

Two years later, however, Preble repudiated the Sabbath and later wrote some articles against the Seventh-Day Sabbath in The World's Crisis and a book, entitled First-Day Sabbath.

Paris, Maine
Paris is a town in and the county seat of Oxford County, Maine, United States. Paris is included in the Lewiston-Auburn, Maine metropolitan New England City and town area. The population was 5,179 at the 2020 census. The census-designated place of South Paris is located within the town. Because the U.S. Post Office refers to the entire town as South Paris, the town as a whole is commonly referred to as South Paris. The main exception is the area known as Paris Hill, which is a scenic historic district popular with tourists. On May 30, 2019, the town declared itself to be a second amendment sanctuary.
Dominique Hoppe
Dominique Hoppe (born 1959) is the current president of the Assemblée des francophones fonctionnaires des organisations internationales (AFFOI).

Prior to his appointment to the AFFOI, Hoppe was administrator at the European Patent Office, president of the AFIF-PB and president of the Superior Council of the international civil servants in the Netherlands.

In December 2011 he was elected – together with Abdou Diouf – francophone of the year in the framework the world forum of the French language.

In 2014 he received the Gusi Peace Prize - considered as the equivalent of the Nobel Peace Prize in Asia - for Peacebuilding thru development of political and diplomatic networks and activities supporting human rights and fundamental freedoms.

In 2015 he was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize. His candidacy was supported by both the OPCW (Nobel Peace Prize 2013) and the CPI.

Consumer price index
A consumer price index (CPI) is a statistical estimate of the level of prices of goods and services bought for consumption purposes by households. It is calculated as the weighted average price of a market basket of consumer goods and services. Changes in CPI track changes in prices over time. The items in the basket are updated periodically to reflect changes in consumer spending habits. The prices of the goods and services in the basket are collected (often monthly) from a sample of retail and service establishments. The prices are then adjusted for changes in quality or features. Changes in the CPI can be used to track inflation over time and to compare inflation rates between different countries. While the CPI is not a perfect measure of inflation or the cost of living, it is a useful tool for tracking these economic indicators. It is one of several price indices calculated by many national statistical agencies.
5-amino-6-(5-phosphoribosylamino)uracil reductase
In enzymology, 5-amino-6-(5-phosphoribosylamino)uracil reductase (EC 1.1.1.193) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

The two substrates of this enzyme are 5-amino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribitylamino)uracil and oxidised nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+). Its products are 5-amino-6-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosylamino)uracil, reduced NADPH, and a proton.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-OH group of donor with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 5-amino-6-(5-phosphoribitylamino)uracil:NADP+ 1'-oxidoreductase. This enzyme is also called aminodioxyphosphoribosylaminopyrimidine reductase. This enzyme participates in riboflavin metabolism.

Oxidoreductase
In biochemistry, an oxidoreductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from one molecule, the reductant, also called the electron donor, to another, the oxidant, also called the electron acceptor. This group of enzymes usually utilizes NADP+ or NAD+ as cofactors. Transmembrane oxidoreductases create electron transport chains in bacteria, chloroplasts and mitochondria, including respiratory complexes I, II and III. Some others can associate with biological membranes as peripheral membrane proteins or be anchored to the membranes through a single transmembrane helix.
Emily Underdown
Emily Underdown (1863–1947) was an English writer, novelist and poet. She is best known for popularising Dante (1265–1321) and for her children's books. Many of her works are written under the pseudonym Norley Chester, which name appears to have been taken from the village of Norley, Cheshire, near the town of Chester. The use of pseudonyms was common with female writers of the time. She also illustrated the book The Pageant of The Year: A Garden Record In Verse.

According to Chaucer as Children's Literature: Retellings from the Victorian and Edwardian Eras, Underdown's The Gateway to Chaucer "...is probably the most thoughtful presentation to children..." of the complicated work, and "...one of the most thoughtful collections with great philosophical and historical interest."

She is also remembered as a "war poet" of the First World War for her work "The Gifts of War".

Norley
Norley is a village and civil parish in Cheshire, England, north of Delamere Forest, near the village of Cuddington. The population at the 2011 census was 1,169. Its name is derived from “Norlegh”, which means “north clearing”.
Introduction to Comparative Politics
Introduction to Comparative Politics: Political Challenges and Changing Agendas is a political science-based book co-written by Mark Kesselman, Joel Krieger, William A. Joseph, published by Cengage. It discusses comparative politics. The book consists of 754 pages, which make up 15 chapters. The book was originally published on September 7, 1999, and has 9 editions as of 2025.

Comparative politics
Comparative politics is a field in political science characterized either by the use of the comparative method or other empirical methods to explore politics both within and between countries. Substantively, this can include questions relating to political institutions, political behavior, conflict, and the causes and consequences of economic development. When applied to specific fields of study, comparative politics may be referred to by other names, such as comparative government (the comparative study of forms of government).
Mizoram bridge collapse
On 23 August 2023, an under-construction railway bridge collapsed in northeastern Mizoram state of India. At least 26 labourers working on the site were killed in the accident that took place around 9:30 a.m. local time at Sairang, a town about 20 kilometers (12 miles) from Aizawl, the state capital.

The National Disaster Response Force was called to the scene to search for survivors.

According to the Northeast Frontier Railway, the accident occurred during work on the Bhairbi-Sairang New Line Railway Project. According to them, the construction was a project of the central government's railways ministry.

The Chief Minister of Mizoram Zoramthanga extended his condolences to all the bereaved families and wished a speedy recovery to the injured.

The Prime Minister's Office of India announced an ex-gratia of Rs. 200,000 from Prime Minister's National Relief Fund to be given to the next of kin of each deceased and Rs. 50,000 for the injured.

Northeast Frontier Railway zone
The Northeast Frontier Railway (abbreviated NFR) is one of the 19 railway zones of the Indian Railways. It is headquartered in Maligaon, Guwahati in the state of Assam, and responsible for operation and expansion of rail network all across Northeastern states and some districts of eastern Bihar and northern West Bengal.
Li Zhixin
Li Zhixin (Chinese: 李致新; pinyin: Lǐ Zhìxīn; born 1962) is a leading Chinese mountaineer and director of the Mountaineering Sports Administrative Center (MSAC) of the State General Administration of Sports. He is also the executive vice-president of the Chinese Mountaineering Association (CMA). Li Zhixin and his partner, Wang Yongfeng (王勇峰), became the first Chinese couple to climb the "Seven Summits" on June 23, 1999.

Seven Summits
The Seven Summits are the highest mountains on each of the seven traditional continents. On 30 April 1985, Richard Bass became the first climber to reach the summit of all seven.

In January 2023, Climbing said "Today, the Seven Summits are a relatively common—almost cliché—tour of each continent's highest peak", and while reaching the peak of the "Seven Summits" is no longer considered a significant achievement amongst mountaineers, it remains a popular challenge for "adventure mountaineers" using expedition climbing techniques.
Hipour
Hipour was a master navigator from the navigational school of Weriyeng and the island of Puluwat.

He is notable for teaching author Thomas Gladwin the art of navigation for his 1970 book, East Is a Big Bird, which greatly reinvigorated interest in traditional Pacific celestial navigation.

Hipour also accompanied David Henry Lewis on his ketch Isbjorn from Puluwat to Saipan and back, using traditional navigation techniques, which helped to fuel a renaissance in voyaging between the Caroline and Mariana Islands.

Celestial navigation
Celestial navigation, also known as astronavigation, is the practice of position fixing using stars and other celestial bodies that enables a navigator to accurately determine their actual current physical position in space or on the surface of the Earth without relying solely on estimated positional calculations, commonly known as dead reckoning. Celestial navigation is performed without using satellite navigation or other similar modern electronic or digital positioning means.

Celestial navigation uses "sights," or timed angular measurements, taken typically between a celestial body (e.g., the Sun, the Moon, a planet, or a star) and the visible horizon. Celestial navigation can also take advantage of measurements between celestial bodies without reference to the Earth's horizon, such as when the Moon and other selected bodies are used in the practice called "lunars" or the lunar distance method, used for determining precise time when time is unknown.
Elmar Ledergerber
Elmar Ledergerber (born April 4, 1944 in Engelberg) is a former Mayor of Zurich. He is a member of the Social Democratic Party of Switzerland and was once named one of the most outstanding mayors of the year by a London think-tank. However he has also been criticized for not seeing through projects. He is currently active in promoting tourism to Zurich.

Ledergerber holds a doctoral degree in economics from the University of St. Gallen.

Engelberg
Engelberg (lit.: mountain of angel(s)) is a village resort and a municipality in the canton of Obwalden in Switzerland. Alongside the central village of Engelberg, the municipality encompasses additional settlements, including Grafenort, Oberberg and Schwand.

The municipality of Engelberg is an exclave, entirely encircled by the neighboring cantons of Bern, Nidwalden and Uri.

Engelberg is a mountain resort in Central Switzerland. In the Middle Ages, the area garnered recognition for its Benedictine monastery, known as Engelberg Abbey. As time progressed, particularly from the 19th century onwards, Engelberg became a well-known mountain resort. The city of Lucerne serves as the nearest major urban center.

While the official language of Engelberg is German, the predominant spoken language is the local variation of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect.
Pilbarascutigera
Pilbarascutigera is a monotypic genus of centipedes in the family Scutigeridae. It is endemic to Australia, with the type locality being Broome in the Kimberley region of far north Western Australia. It was described by Gregory Edgecombe and Lauren Barrow in 2007. Its sole species is Pilbarascutigera incola (Verhoeff, 1925).

Gregory Edgecombe
Gregory Donald Edgecombe is a paleontologist who is a merit researcher in the department of Earth Sciences at the Natural History Museum, London. He is a leading figure in understanding the evolution of arthropods, their position in animal evolution and the integration of fossil data into analyses of animal phylogeny. As a palaeontologist, he is also an authority on the systematics of centipedes – and a morphologist whose work contributes to the growth and methods of analysis of molecular datasets for inferring evolutionary relationships.
Land reform in the Austrian Empire
Land reforms were done in the Austrian Empire following the liberal revolutions of 1848.

In 1849, the newly elected Constituent Assembly gave the peasants title to their holdings with no further obligation to the landlords (this is in contrast to the previous Land reform in the Habsburg monarchy, which sought to liberate the peasants but required them to pay rents). Differences in types of tenure were eliminated, and the distinction between noble and peasant land was obliterated. Nobles were also released from any obligation to the peasants.

The redemption price on land was set at 20 times its annual revenue. The peasant would pay 1/3, the government 1/3, and the landlord would lose 1/3.

Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire
The revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire took place from March 1848 to November 1849. Much of the revolutionary activity had a nationalist character: the Austrian Empire, ruled from Vienna, included ethnic Germans, Hungarians, Poles, Bohemians (Czechs), Ruthenians (Ukrainians), Slovenes, Slovaks, Romanians, Croats, Italians, and Serbs; all of whom attempted in the course of the revolution to either achieve autonomy, independence, or even hegemony over other nationalities. The nationalist picture was further complicated by the simultaneous events in the German states, which moved toward greater German national unity.

Besides these nationalists, liberal and socialist currents resisted the Empire's longstanding conservatism.
Melisande (Stokes)
Melisande is a painting by the Austrian painter Marianne Stokes. It was painted with tempera on canvas, 1895–1898. It is currently at the Ateneum Art Museum in Helsinki, Finland. It depicts a scene from the play  
Pelléas and Mélisande by the Belgian playwright Maurice Maeterlinck.

Pelléas and Mélisande
Pelléas and Mélisande (French: Pelléas et Mélisande) is a Symbolist play by the Belgian playwright and author Maurice Maeterlinck, first performed in 1893. The play is about the forbidden, doomed love of the title characters.

The work never achieved great success on stage, apart from the operatic setting by Claude Debussy, but was at the time widely read and admired by the symbolist literary elite, such as Strindberg and Rilke. It inspired other contemporary composers, like Gabriel Fauré, Arnold Schoenberg, Jean Sibelius, and Mel Bonis.