hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Swimming at the 1987 Pan American Games – Women's 200 metre backstroke
The women's 200 metre backstroke competition of the swimming events at the 1987 Pan American Games took place on 15 August at the Indiana University Natatorium. The last Pan American Games champion was Amy White of US.

This race consisted of four lengths of the pool, all in backstroke.

Amy White
Amy Lee White (born October 20, 1968), later known by her married name Amy Ballidis, is an American former competition swimmer who competed for Southern Methodist University and represented the United States at the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics, winning a silver medal in the women's 200-meter backstroke.  She swam for the Mission Viejo Nadadores.

Amy Lee White was born in Redondo Beach, California, to Mr. and Mrs. Wallace White on October 20, 1968 and attended Irvine, California's University High School.  At the peak of her swimming career, she trained and competed with the highly competitive program of the Mission Viejo Nadadores under Hall of Fame Head Coach Mark Schubert through 1985.

In an important career victory, at the 1983 Pan American Games in Caracas, Venezuela, White captured the gold medal in the 200-meter backstroke at the age of only 14. She later won the 1984 US title in 200 backstroke, and placed second in 1983.
Pat Casey (politician)
Pat Casey (born 11 March 1962) is an Irish Fianna Fáil politician who has been a senator for the Labour Panel since April 2020. He previously served as a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Wicklow constituency from 2016 to 2020.

He is a native of Laragh, County Wicklow, but he is based in Glendalough, and owns the local hotel. He is a nephew of Bishop Eamonn Casey. He was elected to Wicklow County Council as an independent candidate in 2004, and joined Fianna Fáil in 2007. He was Chairman of Wicklow County Council from 2012 to 2013. He has also been active in the GAA.

He lost his Dáil seat at the 2020 general election. In April 2020, he was elected to Seanad Éireann as a senator for the Labour Panel.

Wicklow (Dáil constituency)
Wicklow is a parliamentary constituency represented in Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Irish parliament or Oireachtas. The constituency elects four deputies (Teachtaí Dála, commonly known as TDs) on the electoral system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV).
Duplex (band)
Duplex is an electronic music duo based out of Rotterdam. It consists of John Matze and Chris Callahan. After several 12 inch singles, remixes and EPs released on labels such as Clone Records, Dub Recordings and Groundzero, Duplex issued their debut album Late Night Driving in 2006 on Clone.  Their sound combines elements of techno and deep house.
Much of their back catalog was recently made available to purchase online via Warp Records' Bleep.com music store.

Twelve-inch single
The twelve-inch single (often written as 12-inch or 12″) is a type of vinyl (polyvinyl chloride or PVC) gramophone record that has wider groove spacing and shorter playing time with a "single" or a few related sound tracks on each surface, compared to LPs (long play) which have several songs on each side. It is named for its 12-inch (30 cm) diameter that was intended for LPs. This technical adaptation allows for louder levels to be cut on the disc by the mastering engineer, which in turn gives a wider dynamic range, and thus better sound quality. This record type, which is claimed to have been accidentally discovered by Tom Moulton, is commonly used in disco and dance music genres, where DJs use them to play in clubs. They are played at either 33+1⁄3 or 45 revolutions per minute (rpm). The conventional 7-inch single usually holds three or four minutes of music at full volume. The 12-inch LP sacrifices volume for extended playing time.
Beauchief railway station
Beauchief railway station (pronounced Beechif) was in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England.

It was built by the Midland Railway in 1870 and was designed by the company architect John Holloway Sanders.

The station served the communities of Beauchief, Woodseats and Ecclesall and was situated on the Midland Main Line between Millhouses railway station and Dore & Totley station, near Abbeydale Road South in Abbeydale. The station was originally called Abbey Houses and later Beauchief & Abbey Dale station.

The station was opened on the site of Hutcliffe Mill at the same time as the main line from Chesterfield. At opening it had two platforms, but this was increased to four with the widening which took place between 1901 and 1903. It closed on 1 January 1961. The stationmasters house survives as a private residence and the nearby Abbeydale Station Hotel was renamed the Beauchief Hotel. In 2018 the hotel site was redeveloped as luxury apartments.

Woodseats
Woodseats is a district of Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England in the Graves Park ward. Historically, Norton Woodseats (grid reference SK347833) was a village that straddled Derbyshire Lane running from Four Lane Ends to Bolehill (now part of Graves Park), originally in Derbyshire but, since 1901, part of the City of Sheffield.

The name Woodseats comes from the Old English Wodesettes, which means a 'fold in a wood'. Nether Woodseats itself was little more than a cluster of cottages around a road called 'The Dale' close to the intersection of Woodseats Road and Chesterfield Road (A61) and Upper Woodseats, near the Abbey Lane and Chesterfield Road junction.
Manuel Apicella
Manuel Apicella (born 19 April 1970 in Longjumeau, France) is a French chess grandmaster.

Apicella was awarded the title International Master in 1989 and the GM title in 1995.

In 1990 he won the Paris City Chess Championship. He won the French Chess Championship in 1992 at a category 7 event in Strasbourg. He won the French Team Championship eight times, 1986 playing for Caissa, 1989, 1996, 1997, 1999, 2007 and 2008 for Clichy and 2010 for Châlons-en-Champagne. He won the French Team Cup five times, in 1992, 1996, 1998, 2001 and 2006. In the British 4NCL (Four Nations Chess League) he played for the team Wood Green Hilsmark Kingfisher.

Playing for the French U26 national team he won a bronze medal in the U26 world championship in Paranaguá in 1993. At the European Team Chess Championships he played twice for the French National Team (1989 and 1992). He played for France at three Chess Olympiads, in 1994, 1996 and 2000.

French Chess Championship
The French Chess Championship is the annual, national chess tournament of France. It was officially first played in 1923
after the formation of the Fédération Française des Echecs in 1921. The first unofficial national tournament was played in 1880, in the Café de la Régence, where further edition were held in 1881 and 1883. The 1903 and 1914 tournaments were the first real predecessors of the official championship. They ran under the name Championnat de France des amateurs (Championship of the chess enthusiasts).
Activity selection problem
The activity selection problem  is a combinatorial optimization problem concerning the selection of non-conflicting activities to perform within a given time frame, given a set of activities each marked by a start time (si) and finish time (fi). The problem is to select the maximum number of activities that can be performed by a single person or machine, assuming that a person can only work on a single activity at a time. The activity selection problem is also known as the Interval scheduling maximization problem (ISMP), which is a special type of the more general Interval Scheduling problem.

A classic application of this problem is in scheduling a room for multiple competing events, each having its own time requirements (start and end time), and many more arise within the framework of operations research.

Combinatorial optimization
Combinatorial optimization is a subfield of mathematical optimization  that consists of finding an optimal object from a finite set of objects, where the set of feasible solutions is discrete or can be reduced to a discrete set. Typical combinatorial optimization problems are the travelling salesman problem ("TSP"), the minimum spanning tree problem ("MST"), and the knapsack problem. In many such problems, such as the ones previously mentioned, exhaustive search is not tractable, and so specialized algorithms that quickly rule out large parts of the search space or approximation algorithms must be resorted to instead.

Combinatorial optimization is related to operations research, algorithm theory, and computational complexity theory. It has important applications in several fields, including artificial intelligence, machine learning, auction theory, software engineering, VLSI, applied mathematics and theoretical computer science.
The Block Brochure: Welcome to the Soil 6
The Block Brochure: Welcome to the Soil 6 is the twentieth studio album by American rapper E-40. The album was released on December 10, 2013, by Heavy on the Grind Entertainment. The album features guest appearances from Rick Ross, French Montana, B-Legit, Iamsu!, Sage the Gemini, Eric Statz, Skeme, Problem, Gucci Mane, Trinidad James, Jeezy, Cousin Fik, Mac Mall, San Quinn and Clyde Carson.

Iamsu!
Sudan Ameer Williams (born November 16, 1989), better known by his stage name Iamsu! (stylized as IamSu! or IAMSU!), is an American rapper and record producer from Richmond, California. He is the co-founder and lead member of the hip-hop group HBK Gang, which was formed in 2008 and joined by fellow Bay Area artists including Kehlani and Sage the Gemini. He is best known for his guest appearances on Sage the Gemini's 2013 single "Gas Pedal" and LoveRance's 2011 single "Up!," both of which peaked within the top 50 of the Billboard Hot 100. He signed with Alternative Distribution Alliance to release his debut studio album Sincerely Yours (2014), which moderately entered the Billboard 200 and received mixed reviews.
Judy Shaw
Judy Shaw (born in Stillwater, Oklahoma) is an Inductee of the Women in Technology International Hall of Fame. She has retired from Texas Instruments where she had a role in semiconductor process technology. She has since been involved in Christian charities Real Options for Women in Plano, Texas and Shiloh Place McKinney in McKinney, Texas.

Plano, Texas
Plano (/ˈpleɪnoʊ/ PLAY-noh; Spanish for 'flat surface') is a city in the U.S. state of Texas, where it is the largest city in Collin County. A small portion of Plano is located in Denton County. Plano is one of the principal suburbs of the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex. With a population of 285,494 at the 2020 census, it is the ninth most-populous city in Texas, and, respectively, the 73rd most populous city in the United States.

Plano serves as an important hub of the economy of Dallas. It is home to the headquarters of Frito-Lay, JCPenney, Pizza Hut, and Toyota Motor North America.
Housecarl
A housecarl (Old Norse: húskarl; Old English: huscarl) was a non-servile manservant or household bodyguard in medieval Northern Europe.

The institution originated amongst the Norsemen of Scandinavia, and was brought to Anglo-Saxon England by the Danish conquest in the 11th century. They were well-trained, and paid as full-time soldiers. In England, the royal housecarls had a number of roles, both military and administrative, and they fought under Harold Godwinson at the Battle of Hastings.

Slavery in medieval Europe
Slavery was widespread in medieval Europe. Europe and North Africa were part of an interconnected trade network across the Mediterranean Sea, and this included slave trading. During the medieval period, wartime captives were commonly forced into slavery. As European kingdoms transitioned to feudal societies, a different legal category of unfree persons – serfdom – began to replace slavery as the main economic and agricultural engine. Throughout medieval Europe, the perspectives and societal roles of enslaved peoples differed greatly, from some being restricted to agricultural labor to others being positioned as trusted political advisors.
Austrian Science Fund
The Austrian Science Fund (German: Fonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung, FWF) is the most important Austrian funding organization for basic research. The FWF supports research in science, engineering, and the humanities through a large variety of grant programmes, prizes and by funding infrastructure. The self-governed organization is based in Vienna and financed by the Austrian federal government.

In September 2023 president Christof Gattringer voiced funding concerns: a three-year budget consensus previously reached with the Ministry of Education is lacking confirmation by the Ministry of Finance despite continuing high inflation in Austria.

Ministry of Education (Austria)
The Ministry of Education (German: Bundesministerium für Bildung, Bildungsministerium, historically also Unterrichtsministerium) is the government ministry of Austria in charge of public schools and academic institutions.

The current head of the Ministry is Christoph Wiederkehr.
Brad Cloepfil
Brad Cloepfil (born 1956) is an American architect, educator and principal of Allied Works Architecture of Portland, Oregon and New York City. His first major project was an adaptive reuse of a Portland warehouse for the advertising agency Wieden+Kennedy. Since 2000, Cloepfil and Allied Works have completed cultural, commercial and residential projects including the Contemporary Art Museum St. Louis, the University of Michigan Museum of Art, the Dutchess County Residence Guest House and the Museum of Arts and Design. Recent works include the National Music Centre of Canada in Calgary, Alberta, which opened in July 2016;  the Providence Park expansion in Portland, Oregon, completed in 2019; and the Palmer Museum of Art in State College, Pennsylvania, completed in 2024.

State College, Pennsylvania
State College is a borough and home rule municipality in Centre County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 40,501 at the 2020 census. It is a college town home to Penn State University Park, the main campus of the Pennsylvania State University.

State College is the largest borough in Pennsylvania by population. It is the principal borough of the six municipalities that make up the State College area, the largest settlement in Centre County, and one of the principal cities of the greater State College–DuBois combined statistical area which had 238,734 residents in 2020.
Bangombe Plateau
The Bangombe Plateau (sometimes written as Bongombé) is a plateau covering 42 square kilometres (16 sq mi) east of Moanda, in the Haut-Ogooué Region of Gabon. Exploitation of manganese deposits started on the plateau in 1953 by the Compagnie Minière de l'Ogooué (COMILOG).

It also contains Oklo, one of the naturally occurring fission reactors.

Compagnie minière de l'Ogooué
The Compagnie minière de l'Ogooué, or COMILOG, is a manganese mining and processing company based in Moanda, Gabon. It is a subsidiary of the French metallurgical group Eramet. The company is the world's second largest producer of manganese ore. At first the ore was carried by a cableway to the border with the Republic of the Congo, then by rail to the sea at Pointe-Noire. In the 1980s a railway was built to carry the ore through Gabon to the sea near Libreville.
Queen's Gift
Queen's Gift is a 1952 American historical novel by Inglis Fletcher, the seventh (of twelve) titles in her "Carolina Series" that began in 1940 with the publication of Raleigh's Eden.

The story mixes fictional romantic plot-lines with actual historical events surrounding the political conflicts associated with North Carolina's entry into the Union. James Iredell, Samuel Johnston and Penelope Barker are among the actual historical figures depicted; it also dramatizes historical events like the Hillsborough and Fayetteville Conventions.

Fletcher reportedly called Queen's Gift "the most difficult book she had ever written" up to that point.

James Iredell
James Iredell (October 5, 1751 – October 20, 1799) was one of the first justices of the Supreme Court of the United States. He was appointed by President George Washington and served from 1790 until his death in 1799. His son, James Iredell Jr., was a governor of North Carolina.
1996–1997 Bulgarian protests
The 1996–1997 Bulgarian protests or the Videnov winter, also known as the Bulgarian winter or the January events was a wave of violent demonstrations and strikes nationwide in Bulgaria for a month from December 1996 to January 1997, fuelled by devaluation and economic turmoil, which saw inflation rise to 300%. Countrywide and weekly demonstrations continued demanding the resignation of the BSP government of Zhan Videnov. Nationwide strikes escalated into violence as protesters even stormed government buildings. On 21 January, Zhan Videnov resigned despite further social unrest and widespread protests throughout Sofia and long acts of protest nationwide.

Zhan Videnov
Zhan Vasilev Videnov (Bulgarian: Жан Василев Виденов [ˈʒan ˈvidɛnof]; born 22 March 1959), sometimes spelled in English as Jean Videnov, was Prime Minister of Bulgaria from 25 January 1995 until 13 February 1997, a term remembered for the most severe economic and financial crisis in recent Bulgarian history, which featured hyperinflation and a drastic fall in living standards. He was chairman of the Bulgarian Socialist Party (BSP) from 1991 to 1996. Currently he is a college lecturer and inspirer of Che Guevara of Plovdiv.
Tam Bình district
Tam Bình is a rural district of Vĩnh Long province, in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam. As of 2003, the district had a population of . The district covers an area of 280 km2 (110 sq mi). The district capital lies at Tam Bình.

District (Vietnam)
Districts (Vietnamese: huyện), also known as rural districts or counties, were one of several types of former second-tier administrative subdivisions of Vietnam, the other types being urban districts (Vietnamese: quận), provincial cities (thành phố trực thuộc tỉnh), municipal cities (thành phố thuộc thành phố trực thuộc trung ương), and district-level towns (thị xã). The districts were subdivisions of the first-tier divisions, namely the provinces and municipalities. Districts were subdivided into third-tier units, namely townships and communes.

Districts and the whole second-tier of administrative subdivisions of Vietnam were eliminated in 2025, following a major governmental reform.
Ogre United
Ogre United is a Latvian association football club based in Ogre, competing in the Latvian Higher League, the highest tier of Latvian football.

The club was founded in 2022 and began playing in the Latvian Third League. Ogre United won the North region and reached the regional final — losing to JDFS Alberts' reserve team — which secured their promotion to the Latvian Second League.

In the 2023 season, the club won the Eastern zone and finished second in the promotion group, securing promotion to the Latvian First League.

In their debut season in the First League, the team finished 11th.

In the 2025 season, Ogre United won the Latvian First League and earned promotion to the Latvian Higher League.

Latvian Second League
The Latvian Second League (Latvian: 2. līga or Otrā līga), known for sponsorship reasons as Altero.lv LIIGA since 2023, is the third tier of football in Latvia and is organised by the Latvian Football Federation.
The Kid (2010 film)
The Kid is a 2010 British biographical drama film directed by Nick Moran and co-written by Moran and Kevin Lewis. The film, based on Kevin Lewis' autobiography of the same name, details Lewis' adolescent and young adult life, having been raised in a violent, abusive family on a small council estate called New Addington in the 1980s.

Scottish singer/songwriter KT Tunstall wrote the song 'Boy' for the movie

Augustus Prew
Augustus Prew (born 17 September 1987) is an English film and television actor. He is known for his roles in About a Boy (2002), The Secret of Moonacre (2008), Charlie St. Cloud (2010), The Borgias (2011), Kick-Ass 2 (2013), and Klondike (2014). He played Drew Jessup on the TV series 24Seven (2001–2002), James Bell on the CBS medical drama Pure Genius (2016–2017), and David "Whip" Martin on the Fox crime drama Prison Break (2017).
Kamillions
Kamillions is a 1990 film directed by Mikel B. Anderson from a story by Robert Hsi and a screenplay Anderson wrote in collaboration with Harry S. Robins. The film was re-edited by producer Teresa Woo, who later admitted she did not really understand an English language science fiction comedy, and was expecting more of an action film. The film was shot primarily in the Dunsmuir House and Gardens in Oakland, California.

In the film, a mad scientist creates a portal to another dimension and accidentally transports two other-dimensional shapeshifters to Earth. Both aliens assume human form, but they demonstrate different personality traits. The female is friendly and amorous, and proceeds to find herself a boyfriend. The male is a trickster with sadistic tendencies, hurting people for his own amusement.

Shapeshifting
In mythology, folklore and speculative fiction, shapeshifting is the ability to physically transform oneself through unnatural means. The idea of shapeshifting is found in the oldest forms of totemism and shamanism, as well as the oldest existent literature and epic poems such as the Epic of Gilgamesh and the Iliad. The concept remains a common literary device in modern fantasy, children's literature and popular culture. Examples of shape-shifters include changelings, jinns, kitsune, vampires, and werewolves, along with deities such as Loki and Vertumnus.
Stinear Island
Stinear Island is one of the Flat Islands, lying 0.37 kilometres (0.2 nmi) north of Béchervaise Island in Holme Bay, Mac. Robertson Land. It is one of several islands plotted as a part of "Flatoy" (flat island) by Norwegian cartographers from air photos taken by the Lars Christensen Expedition, 1936–37. Found to be a separate island by ANARE (Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions) in 1954 and named for B.H. Stinear, geologist at Mawson Station in 1954, 1957 and 1959.

Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions
The Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions (ANARE /ænˈɑːri/ ann-AR-ee) is the historical name for the Australian Antarctic Program (AAP) administered for Australia by the Australian Antarctic Division (AAD).
Von G. Keetch
Von Gary Keetch (March 17, 1960 – January 26, 2018) was a general authority of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from April 2015 until his death. He was a shareholder in the law firm of Kirton McConkie and a member of the firm's Constitutional, Religious and Appellate Practice section.  He defended land use rights of religious groups against state regulations, and argued against liability of religious groups for crimes committed by their members.

Stake (Latter Day Saints)
A stake is an administrative unit composed of multiple congregations in certain denominations of the Latter Day Saint movement. The name "stake" derives from the Book of Isaiah: "enlarge the place of thy tent; stretch forth the curtains of thine habitation; spare not, lengthen thy cords, and strengthen thy stakes" (Isaiah 54:2). A stake is sometimes referred to as a stake of Zion.
Field hockey at the 2007 Australian Youth Olympic Festival – Men's tournament
The men's field hockey tournament at the 2007 Australian Youth Olympic Festival was the first edition of the field hockey tournament for men at the AYOF. The tournament was played from 17 to 21 January 2007 at the Sydney Olympic Park.

Australia won the tournament the inaugural tournament by defeating Great Britain 7–6 in a penalty shoot-out in the final, following a 2–2 draw. China won the bronze medal by defeating Malaysia 5–4, also in a penalty shoot-out following a 2–2 draw.

Australian Youth Olympic Festival
The Australian Youth Olympics Festival (AYOF) is an international multi-sport event organised by the Australian Olympic Committee for athletes from 13 to 19 years of age. The first event was held in 2001.