hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
South Field (Iwo Jima)
South Field was a World War II airfield on Iwo Jima in the Volcano Islands, located in the Central Pacific.  The Volcano Islands are part of Japan.  The airfield was located on the southern corner of Iwo Jima located on the Motoyama plateau, to the north of Mount Suribachi.  South Field was significant to the overall Battle of Iwo Jima.

Mount Suribachi
Mount Suribachi (摺鉢山, Suribachiyama) is a 169-metre (554 ft)-high hill on the southwest end of Iwo Jima in the northwest Pacific Ocean under the administration of Ogasawara Subprefecture, Tokyo Metropolis, Japan.

The hill's name derives from its shape, resembling a suribachi or grinding bowl. It is also known as "Mount Pipe" (パイプ山, paipu-yama), since the volcanic gas and water vapor that rolls in from the summit, alongside the rest of the island, give the appearance of a smoking pipe when viewed from the sea.

Joe Rosenthal's iconic World War II photograph, Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima, depicting United States Marines raising an American flag, was taken at the mountain's peak during the Battle of Iwo Jima in 1945. Ammunition ship USS Suribachi was named after this mountain.
Lutfi Arıboğan
Lutfi Arıboğan (born 1961) is a Turkish Sports Administrator and a former basketball player.

A former Turkish basketball player, Arıboğan played for club teams Çukobirlik, Ankara DSİ, Efes Pilsen, Galatasaray and Ülkerspor from 1971 to 1996.  Capped by the Turkish National Basketball teams 243 times, he also captained Galatasaray for six years.

Following his basketball career, he worked as the general manager of Ülkerspor for 8 years.  In 2005, he became the general secretary of the Turkish Football Association under the presidency of Levent Bıçakçı and continued to serve in various roles under TFF presidents Haluk Ulusoy, Hasan Doğan, Mahmut Özgener and Mehmet Ali Aydınlar until January 2012.

On June 6, 2012 he was announced as the Chief Executive Officer of Galatasaray Sportif A.Ş. and held this position until October 2014.

He was married to the Bahçeşehir University former rector, and Istanbul Bilgi University Board of Trustees Member Prof. Dr. Deniz Ülke Arıboğan.

Hasan Doğan
Hasan Doğan (15 March 1956 – 5 July 2008) was the 37th president of the Turkish Football Federation. He died of a heart attack in Bodrum, a popular tourist destination in the southwest Turkish Riviera, where he was on vacation. He was incumbent for a relatively short period, beginning on 14 February 2008 and serving until his death on 5 July 2008.

During his presidency, the Turkey national team qualified for the semi-finals at UEFA Euro 2008, held in Austria and Switzerland.

The 2015–16 season of the Turkish Süper Lig was named in his honour.
Bob Coats
Alfred William "Bob" Coats (3 September 1924, Southall, West London, England – 9 April 2007, Middleton-on-Sea, Sussex, England) was a British economist, economic historian and historian of economic thought. He made important contributions to the study of the history, methodology, sociology, professionalisation and internationalisation of economics, and was for many decades a central figure in professional societies in these specialised fields.

Middleton-on-Sea
Middleton-on-Sea is a village, civil parish and an electoral ward  in the Arun District of West Sussex, England, lying to the east of Bognor Regis and neighbouring Felpham. The parish also contains the settlements of Elmer and Ancton. The southern half is urban and the northern rural.

The village has a pub, The Beresford Arms, named after Viscount William Beresford, who was a general in the British Army, and also commander of the Portuguese Armed Forces.

In the 2001 census, 5,105 people lived in 2,366 households, of whom 2,206 were economically active, a lower than average proportion but higher than other coastal resorts. The 2011 population was 5,077.
Paul Leefe
Paul Leefe (born 13 October 1970) is a wheelchair rugby player from New Zealand, and a member of the national team, the Wheel Blacks.

Paul was a member of the wheel blacks at the inaugural Paralympic wheelchair rugby tournament in 1996 Summer Paralympics where it was a demonstration event.  He remained a part of the team for the next paralympics in 2000 where the team won a bronze medal.

Wheel Blacks
The Wheel Blacks are the national wheelchair rugby team of New Zealand. The team won the gold medal at the 2004 Paralympic games in Athens.

The Wheel Blacks squad is made up from players from different regions around New Zealand. They include Auckland, Waikato, Bay Of Plenty, Manawatu, Wellington, Canterbury, Otago. The Wheel Blacks name is one of many national team nicknames related to the All Blacks.
George C. Shell
George C. Shell was a lawyer and politician in Arkansas. He served in the Arkansas State Senate. He was a Democrat and represented Desha and Chicot counties. His post office was in Lake Village.

He graduated from the University of Arkansas with a Bachelor of Laws degree in 1882. He edited the Chicot Press newspaper.

He was recommended by the district bar, August 1893, to replace judge Carroll D. Wood as judge for the tenth judicial district while elections for a successor were completed.

He was elected to the Arkansas State Senate in 1895 replacing George W. Bell, an African American. He served in the 30th and 31st general assemblies, the first in 1895 and the second in 1897.

Desha County, Arkansas
Desha County (/dəˈʃeɪ/ də-SHAY) is a county located in the southeast part of the U.S. state of Arkansas, with its eastern border the Mississippi River. At the 2020 census, the population was 11,395. The county is plurality-African American. The county seat is Arkansas City.
Márk Nikházi
Márk Nikházi (born 2 February 1989) is a Hungarian football coach and a former player who is the current manager of Budafok.

Márk Nikházi was a member of the Hungary squad that reached the 2006 UEFA European Under-17 Football Championship finals in Luxembourg.

2006 UEFA European Under-17 Championship
The 2006 UEFA European Under-17 Championship was the fifth edition of UEFA's European Under-17 Football Championship. Luxembourg hosted the championship, during 3–14 May. Russia defeated the Czech Republic in the final to win the competition for the first time. Players born after 1 January 1989 could participate in this competition.
Puhja
Puhja (German: Kawelecht) is a small borough (Estonian: alevik) in Tartu County, in Elva Parish Estonia. It was the administrative centre of Puhja Parish. Puhja has a population of 859 (as of 1 January 2021).

Puhja church, originally dedicated to St. Dionysius, dates from the mid-14th century. It is built of brick, typically for medieval churches in south Estonia. After being damaged during the 15th century, it was substantially rebuilt around 1490. The Baroque tower spire dates from the 18th century, while the interior is mostly Neo-Gothic and dates from the 19th century. In the adjacent cemetery, there are memorials dedicated to local pastor and translator Adrian Virginius (1663-1706) and poet Käsu Hans (died 1715).

Elva Parish
Elva is a rural parish in Tartu County, Estonia, with an area of 650 km2 (250 sq mi). As of 2017, it has a population of 14,241 inhabitants. It was created in 2017 from the merger of the municipality Elva with the rural communities Konguta Parish, Puhja Parish, Rannu Parish and Rõngu Parish.
3C 368
3C 368 is a distant radio galaxy located in the constellation of Ophiuchus. It has a redshift of (z) 1.131, identified via its strong emission lines from its spectrum, and was discovered as a radio source in 1959 by astronomers. The galaxy is classified as a merger product, undergoing an intensive wave of star formation.

Astronomical radio source
An astronomical radio source is an object in outer space that emits strong radio waves. Radio emission comes from a wide variety of sources. Such objects are among the most extreme and energetic physical processes in the universe.
Miękowo, Szczecinek County
Miękowo [mjɛnˈkɔvɔ] (formerly German: Münchowshof, or Münchershof) is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Szczecinek, within Szczecinek County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 7 km (4 mi) south-east of Szczecinek and 146 km (91 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Szczecinek
Szczecinek (Polish: [ʂt͡ʂɛˈt͡ɕinɛk] ⓘ; German: Neustettin) is a historic city in Middle Pomerania, northwestern Poland, capital of Szczecinek County in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship, with a population of more than 40,000 (2011). The town's total area is 48.63 square kilometres (18.78 square miles).

The turbulent history of Szczecinek reaches back to the High Middle Ages, when the area was ruled by Pomeranian dukes and princes. The majority of the city's architecture survived World War II and, subsequently, its entire Old Town was proclaimed a national heritage monument of Poland. Szczecinek is the location of one of the oldest museums and one of the oldest high schools in Pomerania and northern Poland, and one of the places of production of krówki. It is an important railroad junction, located along the main Poznań - Kołobrzeg line, which crosses less important lines to Chojnice and Słupsk.
Sylvain Abitbol
Sylvain Abitbol is an engineer and entrepreneur in the telecommunications industry as CEO of NHC Communications Inc but is best known as an activist in Jewish affairs and was co-president of the Canadian Jewish Congress from 2007 to 2011.

Abitbol graduated from Montreal's Ecole Polytechnique in 1973 with a degree in Industrial and Mechanical Engineering.

He was employed by Xerox for six years and received training in telecommunications at the company's training centre in El Segundo, California.

Abitbol is a member of Montreal's Sephardic Jewish community and became president of Montreal's Federation CJA in 2004. His family immigrated to Montreal from Morocco after the Six-Day War in 1967.

Polytechnique Montréal
Polytechnique Montréal (French pronunciation: [pɔlitɛknik mɔ̃ʁeal]; previously École polytechnique de Montréal [ekɔl pɔlitɛknik də mɔ̃ʁeal]) is a public research university affiliated with the Université de Montréal in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The school offers graduate and postgraduate training, and is active in research. Following tradition, new Bachelors of Engineering (B.Eng) graduating from Polytechnique Montréal receive an Iron Ring, during the Canadian Ritual of the Calling of an Engineer ceremony.
Angels in the Asylum
Angels in the Asylum is a suspended British film written and directed by Rob Sorrenti in his feature directorial debut. The film stars Katherine Waterston, Simon Pegg, Minnie Driver, Aurora Perrineau, Rose Williams and Lesley Nicol.

The future of the film was put in uncertainty after being halted in February 2025 due to lack of funds.

Lesley Nicol (actress)
Lesley Nicol (born 7 August 1953) is an English actress, a three-time SAG Award winner in the Best Cast in a Drama Series category for her role as Beryl Patmore in the ITV and PBS drama TV series Downton Abbey. She also starred in the 2019 feature film adaptation of the series, its 2022 sequel, and its 2025 finale.
Route nationale 52
The Route Nationale 52 is a French trunk road (Route nationale) between Woippy and Mont-Saint-Martin (Belgium). This road is a dual carriageway between Rombas and Fameck and between Crusnes and Aubange (Belgium). It is also a two-way road between Marange-Silvange and Rombas, while it formerly fan between Metz and Marange-Silvange and between Fameck and Crusnes. Route Nationale has a crucial place in the Pays Haut (north of Meurthe-et-Moselle) as it serves as an essential access to the cities of Longwy in the northwest and Thionville and Metz in the southeast.

Trunk road
A trunk road is a major highway with a specific legal classification in some jurisdictions, notably the United Kingdom, Sweden and formerly Ireland. Trunk roads are planned and managed at the national level, distinguishing them from non-trunk roads which are managed by local authorities. Trunk roads are important routes usually connecting two or more cities, ports, airports and other places, which is the recommended route for long-distance and freight traffic. Many trunk roads have segregated lanes in a dual carriageway, or are of motorway standard.

The term trunk road, or trunk highway, is sometimes used more generically to refer to other categories of major highway.
Evergestis umbrosalis
Evergestis umbrosalis is a species of moth in the family Crambidae. It is found in Spain, Turkey, Greece, Ukraine and European Russia.

The wingspan is 30–33 mm. In Turkey, adults have been recorded on wing at the beginning of May. In the Sierra Nevada they have been recorded at the beginning of July.

Sierra Nevada (Spain)
Sierra Nevada (Spanish: [ˈsjera neˈβaða]; meaning "snow-covered mountain range") is a mountain range in the Andalusian province of Granada in Spain. It contains the highest point of continental Spain: Mulhacén, at 3,479 metres (11,414 ft) above sea level.

It is a popular tourist destination, as its high peaks make skiing possible in one of Europe's most southerly ski resorts, in an area along the Mediterranean Sea predominantly known for its high temperatures and abundant sunshine. At its foothills is found the city of Granada, and a little further south, Almería and Motril.

Parts of the range have been included in the Sierra Nevada National Park. The range has also been declared a biosphere reserve. The Sierra Nevada Observatory, the Calar Alto Observatory, and the IRAM 30m telescope are located on the northern slopes at an elevation of 2,800 metres (9,200 ft).
Loredana Trigilia
Loredana Trigilia (born 25 January 1976) is an Italian wheelchair fencer. She competed at the 2016 Summer Paralympics, winning a bronze medal in Women's team foil, and at the 2020 Summer Paralympics, winning a silver medal in Women's foil team.

Wheelchair fencing
Wheelchair fencing (also called Parafencing) is a version of fencing for athletes with a disability. Wheelchair fencing is governed by the International Wheelchair and Amputee Sports Federation, which is a federation of the International Paralympic Committee, and is one of the sports in the Summer Paralympic Games. The Paralympic Games take place every four years in different countries.
2002 Oregon Ballot Measure 23
Measure 23 (2002) was a legislatively referred state statute that would have created a single-payer health care system to provide health care to every person in the U.S. state of Oregon. The proposal would have merged all the various funding streams—personal and employer taxes, federal health programs, and the state workers' compensation system—into a single financing system. The system would have covered 100% of medically necessary health care costs with no deductibles or cost sharing. Prescription drugs, preventive care, mental health services, long-term care, dental and vision care, and many alternative therapies would have been covered as well.

The measure was rejected by voters in the general election on November 5, 2002.

Legislative referral
A legislative referral (or legislative referendum) is a referendum in which a legislature puts proposed legislation up for popular vote. This may either be voluntarily or, as is the case in many countries for a constitutional amendment, as a mandatory part of the procedure for passing a law. These referrals, depending on the location, can either amend a constitution or enact a change in statute. It is a form of direct democracy. In some places it is known as an authorities referendum, authorities plebiscite, government initiated referendum, or top-down referendum It may originate from the legislative branch, executive branch, or a combination of the two.

An instrument of direct democracy, it is in contrast to citizens (or "bottom-up") initiative that is initiated from the public. With initiated statutes and amendments, voters both initiate and decide on the change of law. In a legislative referral, they only approve or reject laws which their legislature votes to place before them.
Wolof Wikipedia
The Wolof Wikipedia is the edition of Wikipedia in the Wolof language. It currently has 1,735 articles.

The Wikipedia was started in the beginning of 2005, along with the Bambara Wikipedia and the Fula Wikipedia. Kasper Souren, a Dutchman who worked with Geekcorps, wrote in a report to an open source conference that until 2006 "not much happened" on the Wolof Wikipedia. Up until that year, many small articles with very little content were posted.

In April 2007, Ibrahima Fall (username Ibou), a Senegalese student living in Italy, began adding substantial content to the Wolof Wikipedia. It had 500 articles in November 2007, 543 articles in June 2008, and 1028 articles in August 2015.

Geekcorps
Geekcorps was a non-profit organization that sent people with technical skills to developing countries to assist in computer infrastructure development. The organization recruited volunteers for tours lasting from one month to over six months.

The non-profit was created in February 18, 2000 by Ethan Zuckerman and Elisa Korentayer in North Adams, Massachusetts.  In 2001 Geekcorps became a division of the International Executive Service Corps located in Washington, D.C.
Jean-Yves de Blasiis
Jean Yves de Blasiis (born 25 September 1973) is a French former professional footballer.

De Blasiis, a midfielder, began his career with his hometown club Bordeaux where he won the 1995 UEFA Intertoto Cup. He then moved to Caen and then Red Star. In the summer of 1999, Norwich City manager Bruce Rioch signed him on a Bosman free transfer. After a promising start, his spell at Norwich was wrecked by a cruciate ligament injury and the club released him the summer of 2001. He returned to France, where he played for his former club Bordeaux and Istres.

1995 UEFA Intertoto Cup
The 1995 UEFA Intertoto Cup was the first edition of the tournament administered by the UEFA. It saw Strasbourg and Bordeaux win their semi-finals to advance to the first round of the UEFA Cup, the latter eventually finishing runners-up. It also saw English representatives Wimbledon and Tottenham Hotspur banned from European competition for the following season, after both had fielded under-strength sides in their respective Intertoto Cup matches. The ban was lifted on appeal but England were still forced to forfeit their UEFA Fair Play berth for the 1996–97 UEFA Cup.

The 1995 competition also saw the return of Yugoslav clubs on the international scene after three years of ban due to UN embargo. However both representatives, Bečej and Budućnost, were eliminated in the group stage.
2012 ATP Challenger Tour Finals
The 2012 ATP Challenger Tour Finals was a tennis tournament played at the Ginásio do Ibirapuera in São Paulo, Brazil, between November 27 and December 1, 2012.
It was the second edition of the event. It was run by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) and was part of the 2012 ATP Challenger Tour. The event took place on indoor hard courts. It served as the season ending championships for players on the ATP Challenger Tour. The seven best players of the season and a wild card awardee qualified for the event and were split into two groups of four. During this stage, players competed in a round robin format (meaning players played against all the other players in their group). The two players with the best results in each group progressed to the semifinals where the winners of a group faced the runners-up of the other group. This stage, however, was a knock out stage.

Gastão Elias
Gastão José Ministro Elias (Portuguese pronunciation: [gɐʃˈtɐ̃w eˈliɐʃ]; born 24 November 1990) is a Portuguese professional tennis player, who competes on the ATP Challenger Tour. In October 2016, he reached a career-high singles ranking of world No. 57 to become the third highest-ranked Portuguese player, after João Sousa (No. 28) and Nuno Borges (No. 30). He became the fifth Portuguese tennis player to break into the top 100 of the ATP singles rankings.
Waterhen Lake (Saskatchewan)
Waterhen Lake is a lake in Meadow Lake Provincial Park in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan, located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) north of the city of Meadow Lake. The lake is situated along the course of the Waterhen River in the boreal forest ecozone of Canada.

At just over 10,000 ha (25,000 acres) in size, it is the second largest lake at least partially within Meadow Lake Provincial Park — the largest being Cold Lake at the far western end of the park.

Waterhen Indian Reserve No. 130, the reserve community of the Waterhen Lake First Nation, surrounds most of the eastern portion of the lake and the western half of the lake and the far eastern shore are in Meadow Lake Provincial Park. Highways 904, 941, and 951 provide access to the lake.

Saskatchewan Highway 951
Highway 951 is a provincial highway in the north-west region of the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It runs from Highway 941 to Highway 903. It is about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) long.

The first 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) of Highway 951 lies within the borders of the Meadow Lake Provincial Park.
Tsutsumi Hōzan-ryū
Tsutsumi Hōzan-ryū (堤宝山流) or Hōzan-ryū is a koryu sogo bujutsu or complete Japanese martial art.

Founded by Tsutsumi Hōzan (Tsutsumi Yamashiro no kami Hōzan), the date of its founding is debatable.  The most likely time for its founding would have been in the late 14th or early 15th century.  Since Tsutsumi Hōzan was the 12th disciple of the priest Jion, it is safe to assume that the sword style of Tsutsumi Hōzan-ryū would have been based upon Jion's Nen Ryu. Hōzan was also adept with the jitte and at jujutsu, originally referred to as yoroi kumi (grappling in armor). Traditionally, Tsutsumi Hōzan-ryū also included the yari (spear), bo (staff), torinawa or hojojutsu (tying techniques), and kusarigama. Some also suggest the manriki or manriki-gusari (chain) and chigiriki and jo (staff and chain) may have been included in the system.

Yari
Yari (槍) is the term for a traditionally-made Japanese sword (日本刀, nihontō) in the form of a spear, or more specifically, the straight-headed spear. The martial art of wielding the yari is called sōjutsu.
Thornton Stud
Thornton Stud is a country estate in Thornton-le-Street, a village in North Yorkshire, in England.

The Talbot family commissioned a country house named "Wood End", which was constructed in the 1660s or 1670s.  In 1794, it was purchased by the Compton family, the work including the construction of stables, east and west lodges, and the laying out of the grounds, to a design by Samuel Crompton.  In the early 20th century it was owned by Clare Vyner, who set up a horseracing stud farm.  He later inherited Studley Royal and, preferring to live there, sold the house, by then known as "Thornton Hall".  The house was demolished in the late 1920s, but the parkland, woodland survive largely unchanged.  The property has since been run as a stud, with owners including Edward Stanley, 17th Earl of Derby, Victor Sassoon, and John Scott-Ellis, 9th Baron Howard de Walden.

Edward Stanley, 17th Earl of Derby
Edward George Villiers Stanley, 17th Earl of Derby (4 April 1865 – 4 February 1948), styled The Hon. Edward Stanley from 1886–93 and Lord Stanley from 1893 to 1908, was a British peer, soldier, Conservative politician, diplomat and racehorse owner. He was twice Secretary of State for War and also served as British Ambassador to France.