hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Recitationes
Recitationes were a literary practice of ancient Rome that involved one or more public readings (recitatio, pl recitationes) of a text. Some of these occurred in public places (theaters and baths), and even in the Roman Forum.

Thermae
In ancient Rome, thermae (from Greek θερμός thermos, "hot") and balneae (from Greek βαλανεῖον balaneion) were facilities for bathing. Thermae usually refers to the large imperial bath complexes, while balneae were smaller-scale facilities, public or private, that existed in great numbers throughout Rome.

Most Roman cities had at least one – if not many – such buildings, which were centers not only for bathing, but socializing and reading as well. Bathhouses were also provided for wealthy private villas, town houses, and forts. They were supplied with water from an adjacent river or stream, or within cities by aqueduct. The water would be heated by fire then channelled into the caldarium (hot bathing room). The design of baths is discussed by Vitruvius in De architectura (V.10).
Quasi-perfect equilibrium
Quasi-perfect equilibrium is a refinement of Nash Equilibrium for extensive form games due to Eric van Damme.

Informally, a player playing by a strategy from a quasi-perfect equilibrium takes observed as well as potential future mistakes of his opponents into account but assumes that he himself will not make a mistake in the future, even if he observes that he has done so in the past.

Quasi-perfect equilibrium is a further refinement of sequential equilibrium. It is itself refined by normal form proper equilibrium.

Admissible decision rule
In statistical decision theory, an admissible decision rule is a rule for making a decision such that there is no other rule that is always "better" than it (or at least sometimes better and never worse), in the precise sense of "better" defined below. This concept is analogous to Pareto efficiency.
Soviet locomotive class P36
The Soviet locomotive class P36 (Russian: П36) was a Soviet mainline passenger steam locomotive type. Between 1950 and 1956, 251 locomotives were built. The locomotives were nicknamed "Generals" because of the red stripe down the side. The P36 had the same power as a class IS locomotive but the axle loading of 18 tons allowed its use on the vast majority of Russian railway lines, replacing class Su 2-6-2s and significantly increasing the weight of passenger trains. The P36 was the last type of mainline steam locomotive built in the Russian SFSR and the last one built, P36-0251, was the last steam locomotive produced by Kolomna Works, Russian SFSR.
Though sometimes described as the "Victory" type locomotive, that nick-name actually belongs to the class L 2-10-0 built between 1945 and 1947.

Kolomna Locomotive Works
The Kolomna Locomotive Works (Russian: Коломенский завод, romanized: Kolomensky zavod) is a major producer of railway locomotives as well as locomotive and marine diesel engines in Russia. The plant started production in 1869 with a freight steam locomotive, one of the first in Russia. In the Russian Empire, Kolomna was one of the few producers in Russia. During this period, 139 types of steam locomotives were designed. As of 2015, the company is now a part of Transmashholding.
Hiroshi Kado
Hiroshi Kado (嘉戸 洋, Kado Hiroshi) (born September 20, 1971) is a Japanese Greco-Roman wrestler.

Kado won the silver medal in the Men's 48 kg Greco-Roman wrestling at the 1995 World Wrestling Championships held in Prague. Next year he completed in the Men's 48 kg Greco-Roman wrestling at the 1996 Summer Olympics but finished in 7th place, losing to two-time European Champion Zafar Guliyev of Russia in Round One.

1995 World Wrestling Championships
The following is the final results of the 1995 World Wrestling Championships. Men's Freestyle Competition were held in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. Men's Greco-Roman Competition were held in Prague, Czech Republic and Women's Competition were held in Moscow, Russia.
New Testament theology
New Testament theology (NTT) is the branch of biblical theology that concerns the study and interpretation of the New Testament (NT). It seeks to explain the meaning of NT texts in their own grammatical, historical and cultural terms. It is separate from dogmatic theology and systematic theology. It is related but distinct from historical theology.

Systematic theology
Systematic theology, or systematics, is a discipline of Christian theology that formulates an orderly, rational, and coherent account of the doctrines of the Christian faith. It addresses issues such as what the Bible teaches about certain topics or what is true about God and God's universe. It also builds on biblical disciplines, church history, as well as biblical and historical theology. Systematic theology shares its systematic tasks with other disciplines such as constructive theology, dogmatics, ethics, apologetics, and philosophy of religion.
Towrang Convict Stockade
Towrang Convict Stockade is a heritage-listed former convict stockade on the Old Hume Highway at Towrang, Goulburn Mulwaree Council, New South Wales, Australia. It was built from 1838 to 1843 by convict gangs. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 1 February 2013.

Old Hume Highway
The Old Hume Highway, an urban and rural road, may be described as any part of an earlier route of the Hume Highway, which traverses Victoria and New South Wales between the cities of Sydney and Melbourne in Australia.  In some places, the highway has been deviated several times since the first rough track was made between Sydney and Melbourne in November 1842.
Sarajevo International Guitar Festival
The Sarajevo International Guitar Festival (Bosnian: Međunarodni festival gitare Sarajevo / Међународни фестивал гитаре Сарајево) is an international multi-day classical guitar music festival which annually takes place in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It was established in 2011 and is the only festival of its kind in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Since 2017 it is a full-member of EuroStrings. The festival has hosted numerous international names such as Margarita Escarpa, Rovshan Mamedkuliev, Sérgio Assad, Juanjo Domínguez, Le Trio Joubran, Roland Dyens, Dušan Bogdanović, Yorgos Foudoulis, Petar Čulić, Hubert Käppel, Pablo Márquez and others.

Yorgos Foudoulis
Yorgos Foudoulis (born 1964) is a Greek classical guitarist and composer. His professional activities include performing, master classes, editing, and recording.

He is the director of the Examination Center of Trinity College London in Volos, Greece, and the conservatory bearing his name. Yorgos Foudoulis is also the president of the International Examination board / center of the International Art Academy in Volos.

He is an artistic director in the Winter Guitar Festival of Volos and the Porto Heli International Guitar Festival, and chairman of the International Art Society.
Aaron Baker
Aaron Eli Baker (1610–1683) of Bowhay in the parish of Exminster, near Exeter, Devon, was an English colonial agent of the Honourable East India Company, who served as the first President of the Madras Presidency (1652-1655). He was for the duration of twenty years President of Bantam in the East Indies. He made a fortune in the East India trade.

Alphington, Devon
Alphington is a former manor and village, now a suburb of the City of Exeter in Devon. The ward of Alphington has a population of 8,250 according to the 2001 census, making it the third largest in Exeter, with the village itself accounting for about a quarter of this figure. The ward population increased to 8,266 at the 2021 census.  It is surrounded on two sides by countryside, with the Marsh Barton trading estate to the east and Exeter City to the north. The Alphin Brook passes around the northern edge of Alphington. Alphington is on the south-western side of Exeter.
Bagby (surname)
Bagby is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Andrew Bagby (1973–2001), murdered by his former partner

Anne Luther Bagby (1859–1942), American Baptist missionary from Texas

Arthur P. Bagby (1795–1858), governor of Alabama

Arthur P. Bagby Jr. (1833–1921), American lawyer, editor, and Confederate general

Benjamin Bagby, American singer and composer

George Bagby (author) (1906–1985), American author

George Bagby (politician) (born 1937), American politician

George William Bagby (1828–1883), American librarian and writer

Hank Bagby (1922–1993), American jazz musician

Jim Bagby Jr. (1916–1988), American baseball player

Jim Bagby Sr. (1889–1954), American baseball player

John C. Bagby (1819–1896), U.S. Representative from Illinois

Lamont Bagby (born 1976), American politician

Larry Bagby (born 1974), American actor and musician

R. Michael Bagby, Canadian psychologist

Rachel Bagby (born 1956), American performance artist

Anne Luther Bagby
Anne Luther Bagby (March 20, 1859- December 22, 1942) was an American Baptist missionary from Texas. She was the first woman from the Texas Baptists to become a foreign missionary. She also served as a leader of the Texas Baptists when she was not doing missionary work in Brazil. Overall, Bagby worked as a missionary for sixty-one years. Six of her nine children also became missionaries.
Giuseppe Tamborini
Giuseppe Tamborini (born 19 March 1943 in Lacchiarella) is an Italian former football coach and professional player who played as a midfielder. He played for 9 seasons (257 games, 19 goals) in Serie A for Sampdoria, Roma and Varese.

SSD Varese Calcio
Società Sportiva Dilettantistica Varese Calcio, commonly referred to as Varese, was an Italian football club based in Varese, Lombardy. It was founded as Varese Football Club on 22 March 1910. It became Associazione Sportiva Varesina in 1923, Varese Sportiva in 1926, reverted to Varese F.C. from 1946 to 2004, and then Associazione Sportiva Varese 1910 (A.S. Varese 1910) from 2004 to 2015. The club dissolved in 2019.
David Ghazaryan
David Ghazaryan (Armenian: Դավիթ Ղազարյան; 5 May 1989 – September–October 2020) was an Armenian Lieutenant-Colonel, who participated and fell during the Second Nagorno-Karabakh war. In 2020, he was posthumously awarded the military award of Hero of Artsakh.

Military awards and decorations
Military awards and decorations are distinctions given as a mark of honor for military heroism, meritorious or outstanding service or achievement. A decoration is often a medal consisting of a ribbon and a medallion.

Civil decorations awarded to military personnel should not be considered military decorations, although some orders of chivalry have civil and military divisions. Decorations received by police and fire brigade personnel may sometimes be considered alongside military decorations, on which they may be modelled, although they are strictly not military awards.

Military awards and decorations may take the form of medal ribbons or miniature medals, which are mounted together on a bar known as a barrette.
Enrico Valtorta
Enrico Pascal Valtorta (Chinese: 恩理覺) (14 May 1883 – 3 September 1951) was the last Apostolic Vicar and the first Roman Catholic bishop of Hong Kong.

He was born in Italy at Carate Brianza, and was ordained priest in Milan on 30 March 1907 for the Pontifical Institute for Foreign Missions (PIME).

He arrived in Hong Kong on 5 October 1907 and from 1909 to 1911 was apostolic missionary for Nam Tau (San On District) and Sai Kung (New Territories); Rector of St. Joseph's Church at Garden Road and teacher at seminary in 1913; chaplain to Victoria Gaol (1921–1925).
Appointed 4th Vicar Apostolic of Hong Kong on 8 March 1926, was consecrated titular bishop of Lerus on 13 June 1926. Hong Kong Apostolic Vicariate was raised to a diocese on 11 April 1946. Bishop Valtorta was installed as bishop of the Hong Kong Diocese on 31 October 1948. He died in Hong Kong in 1951.

Valtorta College in Tai Po was named after him.

Carate Brianza
Carate Brianza is a comune in the province of Monza and Brianza, in the Italian region of Lombardy. The city lies at an elevation ranging from 230 to 300 metres (750 to 980 ft) above sea level, on the Lambro river.
Citrate dehydratase
In enzymology, a citrate dehydratase (EC 4.2.1.4) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

citrate  cis-aconitate + H2O

Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, citrate, and two products, cis-aconitate and H2O.

This enzyme belongs to the family of lyases, specifically the hydro-lyases, which cleave carbon-oxygen bonds.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is citrate hydro-lyase (cis-aconitate-forming). This enzyme is also called citrate hydro-lyase.

Citric acid
Citric acid is an organic compound with the formula C6H8O7. It is a colorless weak organic acid. It occurs naturally in citrus fruits. In biochemistry, it is an intermediate in the citric acid cycle, which occurs in the metabolism of all aerobic organisms.

More than two million tons of citric acid are manufactured every year. It is used widely as acidifier, flavoring, preservative, and chelating agent.

A citrate is a derivative of citric acid; that is, the salts, esters, and the polyatomic anion found in solutions and salts of citric acid. An example of the former, a salt is trisodium citrate; an ester is triethyl citrate. When citrate trianion is part of a salt, the formula of the citrate trianion is written as C6H5O3−7 or C3H5O(COO)3−3.
Seda (song)
"Seda" is a song by Puerto Rican rappers Bad Bunny and Bryant Myers. It was released on October 13, 2023, through Rimas Entertainment, as part of Bad Bunny's fifth studio album, Nadie Sabe Lo Que Va a Pasar Mañana. The song was written by Bad Bunny and Bryant Myers with Chris Jedi, Gaby Music, Lanalizer, La Paciencia, Mag and Búho handling the production, who were also marked as songwriters.

Rimas Entertainment
Rimas Entertainment, commonly known as Rimas, is a Puerto Rican independent record label based in San Juan, Puerto Rico, with offices in Miami, Florida, Caracas, Venezuela and Medellín, Colombia. It mainly focuses on reggaeton and Latin trap. It represents artists such as Bad Bunny, Karol G (through Habibi Management), RaiNao, Mora, Arcángel, Tempo, Eladio Carrión, Pailita, Cris MJ, Amenazzy, Corina Smith, Neutro Shorty, Gigolo & La Exce, Jowell & Randy, Big Soto, Vico C (through Nain Music), Nino Neil, Quevedo and Sech among several others. Music is distributed through The Orchard.
Chalkboard scraping
Scraping a chalkboard (also known as a blackboard) with one's fingernails produces a sound and feeling which most people find extremely irritating. The basis of the innate reaction to the sound has been studied in the field of psychoacoustics (the branch of psychology concerned with the perception of sound and its physiological effects).

Sound
Sound is a phenomenon in which pressure disturbances propagate through a transmission medium. In the context of physics, it is characterised as a mechanical wave of pressure or related quantities (e.g. displacement), whereas in physiological-psychological contexts it refers to the reception of such waves and their perception by the brain. Though sensitivity to sound varies among all organisms, the human ear is sensitive to frequencies ranging from 20 Hz to 20 kHz. Examples of the significance and application of sound include music, medical imaging techniques, oral language and parts of science.
She's the Woman
"She's the Woman" is the second song and single from the album, A Different Kind of Truth, from American hard rock band Van Halen. The single was released online and to radio stations February 28, 2012. This is the band’s last official single as a result of guitarist Eddie Van Halen's death in October 2020.

Wolfgang Van Halen
Wolfgang William Van Halen (/væn ˈheɪlən/ van HAY-lən, Dutch: [ˈʋɔl(ə)fxɑŋ ˈʋɪlijɑɱ vɑn ˈɦaːlə(n)], born March 16, 1991) is an American musician. The son of actress Valerie Bertinelli and guitarist Eddie Van Halen, he performed alongside his father and his uncle Alex as the bassist for Van Halen from 2007 to 2020. He also performed with the heavy metal band Tremonti from 2012 to 2016. After his father died in 2020, which led to the disbanding of Van Halen, he began to focus on his solo project Mammoth, in which he performs all instruments and vocals. His debut album Mammoth WVH was released in 2021, and his second album Mammoth II was released in 2023.
Amilcare Porporato
Amilcare M. Porporato is an Italian-American engineer. As of 2018 he is Thomas J. Wu ’94 Professor at Princeton University.

From 2014 to 2017 he was the Addy Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Duke University and an Elected Fellow of American Geophysical Union. His current concerns are earth sciences and its relationships and systems.

Porporato obtained a master's equivalent in civil engineering from the Polytechnic University of Turin, Italy, in 1992 and a Ph.D. at the Polytechnic University of Milan, Italy, in 1996. From 1995 to 2001, Porporato was an assistant professor at Turin's Department of Hydraulics, Transport and Civil Infrastructure, interrupted by a postdoc stint in 1998 when he went to Texas A&M University as a research associate in the Environmental and Water Resources Division, and a year in Princeton as visiting scholar. In 2001 Turin promoted him to associate professor, and in 2004 Porporato was hired by Duke.

American Geophysical Union
The American Geophysical Union (AGU) is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization of Earth, atmospheric, ocean, hydrologic, space, and planetary scientists and enthusiasts that according to their website includes 130,000 people (not members). AGU's activities are focused on the organization and dissemination of scientific information in the interdisciplinary and international fields within the Earth and space sciences. The geophysical sciences involve four fundamental areas: atmospheric and ocean sciences; solid-Earth sciences; hydrologic sciences; and space sciences. The organization's headquarters is located on Florida Avenue in Washington, D.C.
Lucius Licinius Lucullus (praetor 104 BC)
Lucius Licinius Lucullus (born c. 144 BC) was a politician and a general of the Roman Republic. He was the eldest son of Lucius Licinius Lucullus, the consul of 151 BC. He, however, did not achieve the political success of his father and failed to hold the consulship, reaching only the position of praetor in 104 BC. During his praetorship he first successfully put down the Vettian Revolt, a minor slave revolt in Campania, before being sent to take command in Sicily during the Second Servile War. He was later relieved of his command and prosecuted for embezzlement upon his recall to Rome. Being convicted, he was banished from the city and lived the remainder of his life in exile. He is the father of the more famous Lucius Licinius Lucullus, who defeated Mithridates and Tigranes in the Third Mithridatic War.

Diodorus Siculus
Diodorus Siculus or Diodorus of Sicily (Ancient Greek: Διόδωρος, romanized: Diódōros; fl. 1st century BC) was an ancient Greek historian from Sicily. He is known for writing the monumental universal history Bibliotheca historica, in forty books, fifteen of which survive intact, between 60 and 30 BC. 
The history is arranged in three parts. The first covers mythic history up to the destruction of Troy, arranged geographically, describing regions around the world from Egypt, India and Arabia to Europe. The second covers the time from the Trojan War to the death of Alexander the Great. The third covers the period to about 60 BC. Bibliotheca, meaning 'library', acknowledges that he was drawing on the work of many other authors.
Suō Province
Suō Province (周防国, Suō no Kuni, Japanese pronunciation: [sɯꜜ.oː (no kɯ.ɲi)]) was a province of ancient Japan in the area that is today the eastern part of Yamaguchi Prefecture.  Suō bordered on Aki, Iwami, and Nagato Provinces.

Its abbreviated form name was Bōshū (防州). In terms of the Gokishichidō system, Suō was one of the provinces of the San'yōdō circuit. Under the Engishiki classification system, Suō was ranked as one of the "superior countries" (上国) in terms of importance, and one of the "far countries" (遠国) in terms of distance from the imperial capital, Kyoto.  The provincial capital was located in what is now the city of Hōfu, Yamaguchi. The ichinomiya of the province is the Tamanooya Shrine also located in Hōfu.

Ichinomiya
Ichinomiya (一宮, also 一の宮 or 一之宮; first shrine) is a Japanese historical term referring to the Shinto shrines with the highest rank in a province. Shrines of lower rank were designated ninomiya (二宮, second), sannomiya (三宮, third), shinomiya (四宮, fourth), and so forth.

The term gave rise to modern place names, such as the city of Ichinomiya, Aichi, named after Masumida Shrine in the former Owari Province.
Don Zimmerman (lacrosse)
Donald Zimmerman (born c. 1953) is an American television analyst and former college lacrosse coach. He became a color analyst for ESPN in May 2016 and does both high school and college lacrosse games. Prior to becoming an analyst, he served as the head coach for the UMBC Retrievers at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County for 24 years. Between 1984 and 1987, Zimmerman coached Johns Hopkins to three national championships. Zimmerman was inducted into the National Lacrosse Hall of Fame in 2017.

National Lacrosse Hall of Fame and Museum
39°31′17″N 76°38′42″W﻿ / ﻿39.52139°N 76.64500°W﻿ / 39.52139; -76.64500

The National Lacrosse Hall of Fame and Museum, is located in Sparks, Maryland, at the USA Lacrosse headquarters. Prior to moving to its present location in 2016, the hall of fame and museum was located in Baltimore, Maryland, on the Homewood campus of Johns Hopkins University. The museum showcases the history of the game of lacrosse, from its Native American origins to its present-day form.

The first members of the National Lacrosse Hall of Fame were inducted in 1957. The museum displays photographs, art, vintage equipment and uniforms, trophies, as well as other memorabilia and artifacts relating to the sport of lacrosse.
Daniel Lewis (volleyball)
Daniel Lewis (born April 3, 1976) is a Canadian professional volleyball coach and former player. He currently the head coach of the Canadian men's national team and the French Ligue A club Stade Poitevin Poitiers. He was a libero for Canada's national team when they won bronze at the 2011 NORCECA Championship and 2015 Pan American Games. He also played professionally in Europe for many years and is a double Polish Champion and four-time Slovenian Champion.

ACH Volley
ACH Volley is a Slovenian professional men's volleyball club based in Ljubljana that competes in the Slovenian League. They play their home matches at Tivoli Hall. The club was founded in 1970 and was based in Bled until 2011, when the team relocated to Ljubljana.

ACH have won the Slovenian championship a record 21 times, including 16 consecutive titles between 2005 and 2020. The club also won the CEV Top Teams Cup in 2007 and reached the final four of the CEV Champions League in 2010.
Boryspil urban hromada
Boryspil urban hromada (Ukrainian: Бориспільська міська громада) is a hromada of Ukraine, located in Boryspil Raion, Kyiv Oblast. Its administrative center is the city Boryspil.

It has an area of 527.3 square kilometres (203.6 mi2) and a population of 80,765, as of 2020.

The hromada contains 19 settlements: 1 city (Boryspil), and 18 villages:

Boryspil Raion
Boryspil Raion (Ukrainian: Бориспільський район, romanized: Boryspil's'kyi raion) is an administrative raion (district) in east-central Kyiv Oblast of Ukraine. Its administrative center is the city of Boryspil. Population: 203,154 (2022 estimate).

On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Kyiv Oblast was reduced to seven, and the area of Boryspil Raion was significantly expanded. Two abolished raions, Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi and Yahotyn Raions, as well as the cities of Boryspil and Pereiaslav, which were previously incorporated as cities of oblast significance and did not belong to the raion, were merged into Boryspil Raion. The area of the raion before the reform was 146 square kilometres (56 mi2). The January 2020 estimate of the raion population was 53,619 (2020 est.).