hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Political prisoners in Ba'athist Syria
From 1964 until 2011, the State of Emergency Law in Syria allowed for arbitrary detention of political suspects at will for an unlimited duration of time. During this time, tens of thousands have been arrested, tortured, and held in isolation for months to years without charge or trial. Although the state of emergency was officially lifted in 2011 at the outbreak of the Syrian Civil War, arrests continued. Civil society activists, media workers (including citizen journalists), and medical and humanitarian workers have been targeted by the Assad regime, its militias, and by non-state armed groups.

Syrian Observatory for Human Rights
The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights (also known as SOHR; Arabic: المرصد السوري لحقوق الإنسان), founded in May 2006, is a United Kingdom-based information office whose stated aim is to document human rights abuses in Syria; since 2011 it has focused on the Syrian civil war. It has been frequently quoted by major news outlets since the beginning of the war about daily numbers of deaths from all sides in the conflict and particularly civilians killed in airstrikes in Syria. The SOHR has been described as being anti-Assad and supporting the Syrian opposition, but has reported on war crimes committed by all sides of the conflict.
2019 New Jersey elections
A general election was held in the U.S. state of New Jersey on November 5, 2019. Primary elections were held on June 4. The only state positions that were up in this election cycle were all 80 seats in the New Jersey General Assembly and one Senate special election in the 1st Legislative District. In addition to the State Legislative elections, numerous county offices and freeholders in addition to municipal offices were up for election. There was one statewide question on the ballot in 2019, and some counties and municipalities may have had a local question asked. Non-partisan local elections, some school board elections, and some fire district elections also happened in 2019.

Board of County Commissioners (New Jersey)
In New Jersey, a Board of County Commissioners (until 2020 named the Board of Chosen Freeholders) is the elected county-wide government board in each of the state's 21 counties. In the five counties that have an elected county executive, the board of county commissioners serves as the county legislature. In the remaining counties, the board of county commissioners exercises both executive and legislative functions, often with an appointed county administrator or manager overseeing the day-to-day operations of county government.

As of 2025, 18 of the 21 county commissions are held exclusively by one party; Atlantic, Gloucester, and Cumberland counties are the only ones with both parties represented. Since 2000, 12 counties have only elected members from a single party; Camden, Essex, Hudson, Mercer, Middlesex, and Union counties have chosen only Democrats, and Cape May, Hunterdon, Morris, Ocean, Sussex, and Warren counties have chosen only Republicans.
Paul Ardenne
Paul Ardenne (born 4 October 1956) is Professor of history at the University of Amiens, and is also an art critic and a curator in the field of contemporary art.

He grew up in a family of farmers from Charente (for a while he, too, worked in farming), he studied literature, history and philosophy at the University of Poitiers and University of Toulouse, before completing a doctorate in history of art with Laurence Bertrand Dorléac at the University of Paris I (Contemporary Fine Art – Forms and Constraints). In Paris, he encountered the future contemporary art curator, Ami Barak, as well as Catherine Millet, founder/director of Art Press and José Alvarez, director of the publishing label Regard three figures whose positions on aesthetics influenced his own views.

University of Picardy Jules Verne
The University of Picardy Jules Verne (French: Université de Picardie Jules Verne; UPJV) is a public university located in the former Picardy region of France (now part of Hauts-de-France).

It consists of several campuses located in the towns of Amiens, Beauvais, Cuffies, Saint-Quentin, Creil, and Laon.

The university was part of the University of Lille Nord de France group.
Helen Young Hayes
Helen Young Hayes (born July 11, 1962, in Oakland, California) is an investment fund manager best known for her success in running the Janus Worldwide Fund and Janus Overseas Fund. Prior to that she was a research associate at Fred Alger Management. She is a member of the Advisory Committee at Red Rocks Capital LLC.

Hayes attended Starkville High School and Yale University. In 2002 Hayes was promoted to oversee all Janus funds.

Morning Star analyst Russell Kinnell picked her as the analyst most similar to Peter Lynch, and in 1997 she was named Mutual Fund Manager of the Year. She retired from Janus in 2003. Hayes now owns Activate Workforce Solutions, a company that mentors underutilized workers.

Morningstar, Inc.
Morningstar, Inc. is an American financial services firm headquartered in Chicago, Illinois, founded by Joe Mansueto in 1984. It provides an array of investment research and investment management services.

With operations in 29 countries, Morningstar's research and recommendations are considered by financial journalists as influential in the asset management industry, and a positive or negative recommendation from Morningstar analysts can drive money into or away from any given fund. Through its asset management division, the firm currently manages over US$295 billion as of March 31, 2023.

The firm also provides software and data platforms for investment professionals, including "Morningstar Research Portal", "Morningstar Direct" and "Morningstar Advisor Workstation".
Jana Fischerová
Jana Fischerová (born 20 August 1955) is a Czech politician who served in the Chamber of Deputies from 2010 to 2017.

Fischerová was born in 1955 in Havlíčkův Brod. She studied civil engineering at the Czech Technical University in Prague, earning her CSc. degree in 1986.

From 2006 to 2010, Fischerová served as the mayor of Havlíčkův Brod. In the 2010 Czech legislative elections, she was elected to the Chamber of Deputies as a member of the Civic Democratic Party (ODS). She was reelected in the 2013 elections. During her second term she was vice-chair of the Committee on Foreign Affairs.

In addition to her involvement in national politics, Fischerová was a representative to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe from 2010 to 2014 and was a substitute representative from 2015 to 2017.

Candidate of Sciences
A Candidate of Sciences is a PhD-equivalent academic research degree established by the Soviet Union. Since the 1990s, it has been replaced by a Doctor of Philosophy degree in many post-soviet Central and Eastern European countries, but is still offered in others, particularly Russia. It is officially classified by UNESCO as ISCED level 8: doctoral or equivalent. In countries that confer a Candidate of Sciences degree, a more advanced degree, Doctor of Sciences, is usually conferred as a higher doctorate.

The Candidate of Sciences degree may be recognized as a Doctor of Philosophy, usually in natural sciences, by scientific institutions in other countries.
2006 Davis Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group II
The European and African Zone was one of the three zones of regional Davis Cup competition in 2006.

In the Europe/Africa Zone there were four different tiers, called groups, in which teams competed against each other to advance to the upper tier. Winners in Group II advanced to the Europe/Africa Zone Group I. Teams who lost their respective ties competed in the relegation play-offs, with winning teams remaining in Group II, whereas teams who lost their play-offs were relegated to the Europe/Africa Zone Group III in 2007.

Zimbabwe Davis Cup team
The Zimbabwe men's national tennis team represents Zimbabwe in Davis Cup tennis competition and are governed by the Zimbabwe Tennis Association.
Zimbabwe currently competes in the Europe/Africa Zone of Group II. They last competed in the World Group in 2000.
Khosta Microdistrict
43°30′41.48″N 39°52′5.1″E﻿ / ﻿43.5115222°N 39.868083°E﻿ / 43.5115222; 39.868083
Khosta (Russian: Хоста) is a microdistrict in Khostinsky City District in Sochi, Krasnodar Krai, Russia, primarily known as a spa and a resort on the Black Sea coast. Khosta is located in the mouth of the Khosta River, between the center of Sochi and Adler. The area is served by the Khosta railway station.

Novorossiysk
Novorossiysk (Russian: Новоросси́йск, IPA: [nəvərɐˈsʲijsk] ⓘ; Adyghe: ЦӀэмэз, romanized: C̣ămăz) is a city in Krasnodar Krai, Russia. The port of Novorossiysk is one of the largest ports on the Black Sea. It is one of the cities designated as a Hero City by the Soviet Union. The population is 262,293 (2021 census);
Alessandro Corbelli
Alessandro Corbelli (born September 21, 1952) is an Italian baritone opera singer.  One of the world's pre-eminent singers specializing in Mozart and Rossini, Corbelli has sung in many major opera houses around the world and won admiration for his elegant singing style and sharp characterizations, especially in comic roles.

L'elisir d'amore
L'elisir d'amore (pronounced [leliˈzir daˈmoːre]; The Elixir of Love) is a melodramma giocoso (comic melodrama, opera buffa) in two acts by the Italian composer Gaetano Donizetti. Felice Romani wrote the Italian libretto, after Eugène Scribe's libretto for Daniel Auber's Le philtre (1831). The opera premiered on 12 May 1832 at the Teatro della Canobbiana in Milan and has remained continually in the international opera repertory.
Azyakovo
Azyakovo (Russian: Азяково; Bashkir: Әжәк, Äjäk) is a rural locality (a village) and the administrative centre of Azyakovsky Selsoviet, Burayevsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 267 as of 2010. There are 5 streets.

Burayevsky District
Burayevsky District (Russian: Бура́евский райо́н; Bashkir: Борай районы, Boray rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the north of the republic and borders with Yanaulsky and Tatyshlinsky Districts in the north, Baltachevsky District in the east, Mishkinsky District in the southeast, Birsky District in the south, Dyurtyulinsky District in the south and southwest, and with Kaltasinsky District in the west. The district is 1,820 square kilometers (700 sq mi). Its administrative center is in a rural locality (a selo) of Burayevo. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 25,154, with the population of Burayevo accounting for 37.9% of that number.
Annika Biørnstad
Annika Cecilie Biørnstad (1957 – 17 November 2022) was a Norwegian media executive. From September 2007, she headed the broadcasting department of NRK, the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation.

After first studying law, Biørnstad took up media studies at the Volda University College. She joined NRK in 1981 as an editorial assistant for the evening news. She subsequently worked as a production assistant, scripting, producer, project manager (in the children and youth department) and editor before becoming head of television. From 2000 to 2002, she was managing director of the Nordic production company Nordmagi.

In 2011, she received the Norwegian title of Female Media Leader from Medienettverket for her contribution to leadership in planning television, radio and digital networking programming.

Volda University College
Volda University College (Norwegian: Høgskulen i Volda or HVO), a no-tuition state institution in Norway with over 150 years of history, is a public university of applied sciences. It offers a range of study programs—from bachelor's up to doctoral levels—in fields like Arts, Education, Media, Humanities, and Social Science. It is located in Volda in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway.

Notable alumni include Sylvi Listhaug, Thomas Numme and Arne Krumsvik.
Daegu Stadium
Daegu Stadium (Korean: 대구스타디움), also known as the Blue Arc, is a multi-purpose sports stadium located in Daegu, South Korea. It was formerly named Daegu World Cup Stadium but was changed to Daegu Stadium on 5 March 2008. It has a seating capacity for 66,422 people, and parking for 3,550 cars. It is located approximately 11 kilometers or 20 minutes by car from Daegu Airport. It is managed by the Daegu Sports Facilities Management Center.

It was one of the host venues of the 2002 FIFA World Cup and the main stadium for the 2003 Summer Universiade and the 2011 World Championships in Athletics. It was the home stadium of Daegu FC until 2018.

2011 World Championships in Athletics
The 13th IAAF World Championships in Athletics (Korean: 2011년세계육상선수권대회) was an international athletics competition that was held in Daegu, South Korea. It started on 27 August 2011 and finished on 4 September 2011.

The United States topped the medal standings in the competition with 28 (12 gold, 9 silver, and 7 bronze). During the competition, 41 national records, 4 area records, 3 championship records, and 1 world record was set.

The championships were heavily affected by post-championship doping cases, particularly from the Russian team, who in subsequent years were stripped of eleven medals, seven of them gold.
Michael A. Stackpole
Michael Austin Stackpole (born November 27, 1957)  is an American science fiction and fantasy author best known for his Star Wars and BattleTech books. He was born in Wausau, Wisconsin, but raised in Vermont. He has a BA in history from the University of Vermont. From 1977 on, he worked as a designer of role-playing games for various gaming companies, and wrote dozens of magazine articles with limited distribution within the industry. He lives in Scottsdale, Arizona.

Coleco
Coleco Industries, Inc. (/kəˈliːkoʊ/ kə-LEE-koh) was an American company founded in 1932 by Maurice Greenberg as The Connecticut Leather Company. The name "COLECO" is an abbreviation derived from the company's original name. It was a successful toy company in the 1980s, mass-producing versions of Cabbage Patch Kids dolls and its video game consoles, the Coleco Telstar dedicated consoles and ColecoVision. While the company ceased operations in 1988 as a result of bankruptcy, the Coleco brand was revived in 2005, and remains active to this day.
Pamudurthi Bayapa Reddy
Pamudurthi Bayapa Reddy was an Indian politician. He was a Member of Parliament, representing Hindupur, Andhra Pradesh in the Lok Sabha the lower house of India's Parliament as a member of the  Indian National Congress.

Lower house
A lower house is the lower chamber of a bicameral legislature, where the other chamber is the upper house. Although styled as "below" the upper house, in many legislatures worldwide, the lower house has come to wield more power or otherwise exert significant political influence.
Gimcrack & Bunkum
"Gimcrack & Bunkum" is the fifth episode of the second season of the HBO television series Boardwalk Empire, and 17th episode overall.  Originally aired on October 23, 2011, it was written by co-executive producer Howard Korder and directed by executive producer Tim Van Patten.

Howard Korder
Howard Korder is an American screenwriter and playwright.  He is the author of the 1988 coming-of-age play Boys' Life, which earned him a Pulitzer Prize for Drama nomination. His play Search and Destroy was adapted into a film in 1995. Among the screenplays he has written are The Passion of Ayn Rand and Lakeview Terrace. He is also one of the writers of Boardwalk Empire.
Northwest Central Conference
The Northwest Central Conference is an OHSAA athletic league located in parts of northwest and western Ohio.  The league came into existence in the 2001–2002 school year.  The NWCC supports 10 league sports: Boys and Girls Cross Country, Boys Golf, Football, Volleyball, Boys and Girls Basketball, Baseball and Softball.

The NWCC brings a rich athletic history and fierce competition. Every year the NWCC produces many college-level athletes from all divisions levels of NCAA to NAIA.

Northwest Ohio
Northwest Ohio, or Northwestern Ohio, consists of multiple counties in the northwestern corner of the US state of Ohio. This area borders Lake Erie, Southeast Michigan, and northeastern Indiana. Some areas are also considered the Black Swamp area. The Toledo metropolitan area is part of the region.

Northwest Ohio's population in 2000 was 1,639,144 and is declining, specifically in the northern regions (counties shaded in the darker blue and Allen County). However, southern areas, such as Marion and Morrow counties, and the city of Findlay are growing.
Bias distortion
In telecommunications, the term bias distortion has the following meanings:

Signal distortion resulting from a shift in the bias.

In digital signals, distortion of the signal in which all the significant intervals have uniformly longer or shorter durations than their theoretical durations.

Bias distortion is expressed in percent of the system-specified unit interval.

Unit interval
In mathematics, the unit interval is the closed interval [0,1], that is, the set of all real numbers that are greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1.  It is often denoted I (capital letter I). In addition to its role in real analysis, the unit interval is used to study homotopy theory in the field of topology.

In the literature, the term "unit interval" is sometimes applied to the other shapes that an interval from 0 to 1 could take: (0,1], [0,1), and (0,1).  However, the notation I is most commonly reserved for the closed interval [0,1].
Pumptown, New Jersey
Pumptown (also known as Pumptown Corners) is an unincorporated community located within Edison Township in Middlesex County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey.

Pumptown is named after a public pump that stood in the middle of the intersection of Park Ave. and Plainfield Rd.

It is a suburban neighborhood (based on population density), its real estate primarily made up of medium-sized (three- or four-bedroom) to large (four- or more bedroom) single-family homes and townhomes. Most of the residential real estate is owner-occupied. Many are older, well-established, built between 1940 and 1969. A number of residences were also built between 1970 and 1999.

Townhouse
A townhouse, townhome, town house, or town home is a type of terraced housing. A modern townhouse is often one with multiple floors on a small footprint. In older British usage, the term originally referred to any type of city residence (normally in London) of someone whose main or largest residence was a country house.
Hadley Pottery
Hadley Pottery is an American-based pottery and stoneware company started by Mary Alice Hadley and her husband George E. Hadley in 1945. It is located on Story Avenue in the Butchertown neighborhood of Louisville, Kentucky.

Butchertown, Louisville
Butchertown is a neighborhood just east of downtown Louisville, Kentucky, United States, bounded by I-65, Main Street, I-71, Beargrass Creek and Mellwood Avenue.

The Butchertown Historic District is a 50 acres (20 ha) part which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.  It includes the 1914-built Beaux Arts Stockyard Exchange Building designed by D.X. Murphy and Brother.
Ugly Hill
Ugly Hill was a webcomic written and drawn by Paul Southworth. The titular "Ugly Hill" is the home town of its main characters. The webcomic has had several guest authors/artists, such as Howard Tayler of Schlock Mercenary and Kristofer Straub of Starslip Crisis. Ugly Hill has been lauded by the Web Cartoonists' Choice Awards for its character design.

Paul Southworth has been a guest speaker at two major conventions, the New York Comic Con in 2006 and Vericon in 2007. On March 29, 2009, Southworth concluded adding new content to Ugly Hill. Southworth later created the now-defunct webcomic Not Invented Here.

Characterization
Characterization or characterisation is the representation of characters (persons, creatures, or other beings) in narrative and dramatic works. The term character development is sometimes used as a synonym. This representation may include direct methods like the attribution of qualities in description or commentary, and indirect (or "dramatic") methods inviting readers to infer qualities from characters' actions, dialogue, or appearance.  Such a personage is called a character.  Character is a literary element.
Headhunters (professional wrestling)
The Headhunters were a professional wrestling tag team who consists of American twin brothers Manuel and Victor Santiago (born August 11, 1968, in New York, New York), best known by the respective ring names, Headhunter A and Headhunter B, although they were announced as Mofat and Mahim (spellings uncertain) during their appearances in ECW.

FMW World Street Fight 6-Man Tag Team Championship
The FMW World Street Fight 6-Man Tag Team Championship was a championship in Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling. It was initially active from May 1996 until May 1999. The title was abandoned by Shoichi Arai on November 20, 1998 and presented to the departing Atsushi Onita as a tribute to Onita for founding FMW and taking the company to a major level. The title was replaced in July 1999 with the WEW 6-Man Tag Team Championship.

On October 30, 2015, it was announced that the FMW World Street Fight 6-Man Tag Team Championship will be reactivated for the newly-resurrected FMW promotion. The new champions were determined on December 22. The title was again deactivated in October 2016.
Stodday
Stodday is a hamlet in the civil parish of Aldcliffe-with-Stodday, in the Lancaster district, in the county of Lancashire, England. It is just south of the city of Lancaster, near the A588 road and the River Lune.

A mile to the south, Ashton Hall is a mansion dating to 1856, now used as the clubhouse of Lancaster Golf Club, incorporating the remains of a 14th-century tower.

It was formerly in the township and civil parish of Ashton with Stodday in Lancaster Rural District, until this was incorporated into the civil parish of Lancaster in 1935.

City of Lancaster
The City of Lancaster, or simply Lancaster (/ˈlæŋkæstər/), is a local government district with city status in Lancashire, England. It is named after its largest settlement, Lancaster, and also includes the towns of Carnforth, Heysham and Morecambe and a wider rural hinterland. The district has a population of 145,006 (2024), and an area of 219 square miles (567 km2).

Much of the district's rural area is recognised for its natural beauty; it includes part of the Yorkshire Dales National Park and parts of the designated Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty of Arnside and Silverdale and the Forest of Bowland. The neighbouring districts are Westmorland and Furness, North Yorkshire, Ribble Valley and Wyre.
Jorge Arancibia
Jorge Patricio Arancibia Reyes (born 17 September 1939) is a Chilean retired naval officer, politician, and diplomat.

A former Admiral of the Chilean Navy, he served as Commander-in-Chief of the Chilean Navy from 1997 to 2001. He later became a member of the Senate of Chile representing the 6th Coastal Circumscription of the Valparaíso Region between 2002 and 2010.

Arancibia was also Ambassador of Chile to Turkey from 2011 to 2013, and a member of the Chilean Constitutional Convention elected in 2021 for the 7th District of the Valparaíso Region.

Senate of Chile
33°02′52″S 71°36′21″W﻿ / ﻿33.04778°S 71.60583°W﻿ / -33.04778; -71.60583

The Senate of the Republic of Chile is the upper house of Chile's bicameral National Congress, as established in the current Constitution of Chile.