hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Joseph Shine v. Union of India
Joseph Shine v. Union of India., AIR 2018 SC 4898, was a landmark judgement by the Supreme Court of India that decriminalised adultery by stricking down the Section 497 of Indian Penal Code. The ruling is known for recognising principles of equality, individual rights and autonomy, and extending sexual privacy to the fundamental right to privacy.

The judgement was delivered unanimously by a five-judge constitution bench consisting of Justices Dipak Misra, R. F. Nariman, A. M. Khanwilkar, D. Y. Chandrachud, Indu Malhotra on September 27, 2018. The court further clarified its order in 2023 that it did not apply to the military personnel.

Rohinton Fali Nariman
Rohinton Fali Nariman (born 13 August 1956) is a former judge of the Supreme Court of India. Before being elevated as a judge, he practised as a senior counsel at the Supreme Court. He was appointed the Solicitor General of India on 23 July 2011. He also served as a member of the Bar Council of India. He was designated as a Senior Counsel by Chief Justice Manepalli Narayana Rao Venkatachaliah in 1993 at the early age of 37.
2016 World RX of Barcelona
The 2016 World RX of Barcelona was the ninth round of the third season of the FIA World Rallycross Championship and the seventh round of the forty-first season of the FIA European Rallycross Championship. The event was held at the Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya in Montmeló, Barcelona.

Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya
The Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya (Catalan pronunciation: [siɾˈkujd də bəɾsəˈlonə kətəˈluɲə]) is a 4.657 km (2.894 mi) motorsport race track in Montmeló, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. With long straights and a variety of corners, the Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya is seen as an all-rounder circuit. The track has stands with a capacity of 140,700. The circuit has FIA Grade 1 license.

Until 2013 the track was known only as the Circuit de Catalunya, before a sponsorship deal with Barcelona City Council added Barcelona to the track's title.
Justin Hood (American football)
Justin Hood (born June 27, 1986) is an American football coach and former player who is the secondary coach for the Atlanta Falcons of the National Football League (NFL). Hood was previously the defensive quality control coach for the Green Bay Packers.

Position coach
In American football, a position coach is a team official in charge of coaching a specific position group. Position coaches have more specialized duties than the head coach, associate and assistant coach, and the offensive and defensive coordinators.
Charles Mingus and Friends in Concert
Charles Mingus and Friends in Concert is a live album by the jazz bassist and composer Charles Mingus, recorded at the Philharmonic Hall of the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts in 1972 and released on the Columbia label. The CD release added five previously unreleased performances from the concert, but did not include the opening track, Fats Waller's "Honeysuckle Rose", present in the LP version and on former Japanese CD editions.

David Geffen Hall
David Geffen Hall is a concert hall at Lincoln Center on the Upper West Side of Manhattan in New York City. The 2,200-seat auditorium opened in 1962, and is the home of the New York Philharmonic.

The facility, designed by Max Abramovitz, was originally named Philharmonic Hall and was renamed Avery Fisher Hall in honor of philanthropist Avery Fisher, who donated $10.5 million ($74 million today) to the orchestra in 1973.  In November 2014, Lincoln Center officials announced Fisher's name would be removed from the Hall so that naming rights could be sold to the highest bidder as part of a $500 million fund-raising campaign to refurbish the Hall.  In 2015, the Hall acquired its present name after David Geffen donated $100 million to Lincoln Center.
Pol Anglada
Pol Anglada (born 1991) is a Spanish artist and illustrator known for his erotic queer drawings and collaborations in the fashion world. He works across visual art, fashion illustration, and editorial projects, garnering attention for his high-contrast illustrative and intimate style, and bringing queer desire into mainstream contexts. He has held residencies, notably with the Tom of Finland Foundation, exhibited internationally, including at CULTUREEDIT Gallery, Palazzo Soranzo Cappello (Venice), and C.G. Williams (London), and collaborated with brands such as Moncler, JW Anderson, and Loewe.

JW Anderson
JW Anderson is a UK fashion label, founded by Jonathan Anderson.

Originally from Magherafelt in Northern Ireland, Anderson established JW Anderson in London in 2008. The brand initially focused on menswear, before moving into womenswear in 2010. From 2012 onwards, the brand and its designer have collaborated with a number of retail fashion brands, most notably Topshop, Versace, and Uniqlo, with LVMH acquiring a minority stake in the brand in 2013.

JW Anderson won both men's and women's brand of the year at British Fashion Council's The Fashion Awards in 2015, the first brand to pick up both awards in the same year.
Leonid Polterovich
Leonid Polterovich (Hebrew: לאוניד פולטרוביץ'; Russian: Леонид В. Полтерович; born 30 August 1963) is a Russian-Israeli mathematician at Tel Aviv University. His research field includes symplectic geometry and dynamical systems.

A native of Moscow, Polterovich earned his undergraduate degree at Moscow State University in 1984. He moved to Israel after the collapse of communism, earning his doctorate from Tel Aviv University in 1990. In 1996, he was awarded the EMS Prize, in 1998 the Erdős Prize, and in 2003 the Michael Bruno Memorial Award by Yad Hanadiv.  In 1998, he was an invited speaker of the International Congress of Mathematicians in Berlin. In 2016, he gave a plenary lecture at the 7th European Congress of Mathematics in Berlin. He was a member of the faculty of the University of Chicago.

He was elected to the Academia Europaea in 2024.

His brother, Iosif Polterovich, is a professor of mathematics at the University of Montreal.

Erdős Prize
The Anna and Lajos Erdős Prize in Mathematics is a prize given by the Israel Mathematical Union to an Israeli mathematician (in any field of mathematics and computer science), "with preference to candidates up to the age of 40."  The prize was established by Paul Erdős in 1977 in honor of his parents, and is awarded annually or biannually.  The name was changed from "Erdős Prize" to "Anna and Lajos Erdős Prize in Mathematics" in 1996, after Erdős's death, to reflect his original wishes.
Lost artworks
Lost artworks are original pieces of art that credible sources or material evidence indicate once existed but that cannot be accounted for in museums or private collections, as well as works known to have been destroyed deliberately or accidentally or neglected through ignorance and lack of connoisseurship.

Accidental damage of art
Artwork may be damaged or destroyed as a result of various types of accidents. Damage accidents sometimes occur during exhibition or transportation. Attempts at restoration have also damaged artworks, either by expert restorers using techniques that are found decades later to be unsuitable or harmful, or simple botches by unskilled people.
Urnunta-ea
Urnunta-ea was a Mesopotamian goddess originally worshiped in Girsu as one of the daughters of Ningirsu and Bau. She might have been associated with rain clouds. She is known from an Early Dynastic inscription of Urukagina, from texts from the reign of the Second Dynasty of Lagash, and from the god list An = Anum. In the last of these sources she appears in the circle of deities associated with Lisin, rather than Bau or Ningirsu.

Gudea cylinders
The Gudea cylinders are a pair of terracotta cylinders dating to c. 2125 BC, on which is written in cuneiform a Sumerian myth called the Building of Ningirsu's temple. The cylinders were made by Gudea, the ruler of Lagash, and were found in 1877 during excavations at Telloh (ancient Girsu), Iraq and are now displayed in the Louvre in Paris, France. They are the largest cuneiform cylinders yet discovered and contain the longest known text written in the Sumerian language.
KPPC (AM)
KPPC was a radio station in Pasadena, California, United States, broadcasting on 1240 kHz between 1924 and 1996. Operating as a limited-hours, low-power station for most of its history, it carried primarily Christian radio programming and was originally owned by the Pasadena Presbyterian Church. Toward the end of its existence, it also aired ethnic programs. KPPC also spawned KPPC-FM 106.7, which was an influential free form, progressive rock station in the late 1960s and early 1970s and went on to become KROQ-FM.

KPPC ceased broadcasting in 1996 after Douglas Broadcasting acquired the station to eliminate interference with its KYPA on 1230 kHz.

Free-form radio
Free-form, or free-form radio, is a radio station programming format in which the disc jockey is given wide or total control over what music to play, regardless of music genre or commercial interests. Freeform radio stands in contrast to most commercial radio stations, in which DJs have little or no influence over programming structure or playlists. In the United States, freeform DJs are still bound by Federal Communications Commission regulations.
Haudagain roundabout
The Haudagain roundabout /ˈhædəɡən/ is a roundabout in Aberdeen that bisects the A92 and A96.

As all traffic going northbound to Inverness via the A96 or southbound to Dundee via the A92 must pass through this roundabout, it is a notoriously busy and hazardous junction with large queues approaching all directions to the roundabout, especially during rush hour. It has been referred to as 'Scotland's worst roundabout'.

The construction of Aberdeen Western Peripheral Route is aimed at reducing the congestion due to traffic passing through Aberdeen. In addition improvements are planned to help ease the congestion at the roundabout.

Rush hour
A rush hour (American English, British English) or peak hour (Australian English, Indian English) is a part of the day during which traffic congestion on roads and crowding on public transport is at its highest. Normally, this happens twice every weekday: once in the morning and once in the afternoon or evening, the times during which most people commute. The term is often used for a period of peak congestion that may last for more than one hour.

The term is very broad, but often refers specifically to private automobile transportation traffic, even when there is a large volume of cars on a road but not many people, or if the volume is normal but there is some disruption of speed. By analogy to vehicular traffic, the term Internet rush hour has been used to describe periods of peak data network usage, resulting in delays and slower delivery of data packets.
Rebel (bourbon)
Rebel, formerly Rebel Yell until 2020, is a brand of Kentucky straight bourbon whiskey owned and marketed by MGP Ingredients. Rebel Yell is currently distilled and aged at the Lux Row Distillery, in Bardstown, Kentucky, which opened in 2018. As is typical for a bourbon, it is sold at 40% alcohol by volume (80 U.S. proof). Before the opening of the Lux Row Distillery, the brand was produced under contract by Heaven Hill at its Bernheim distillery in Louisville.

The brand was originally produced in the 1930s at the Stitzel–Weller Distillery and has a wheated mash bill, like some other brands from that distillery. As indicated by its name (especially its prior name), the brand was historically marketed as being associated with the Confederate States of America. Until the 1980s, it was distributed only in the Southern United States.

Bardstown, Kentucky
Bardstown is a home rule-class city in Nelson County, Kentucky, United States. The population was 13,567 in the 2020 census. It is the county seat of Nelson County.

Bardstown is named for the pioneering Bard brothers. David Bard obtained a 1,000-acre (400 ha) land grant in 1785 in what was then Jefferson County, Virginia. William Bard surveyed and platted the town. It was originally chartered as Baird's Town in 1788, and has been known as Beardstown, and Beards Town. The production of bourbon whiskey is a major industry.
Andrew McDaniel
Andrew McDaniel (born January 22, 1984) is an American politician. He is a former member of the Missouri House of Representatives, representing 150th District from 2015 to 2023. He is a member of the Republican party.

Missouri House of Representatives
The Missouri House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the Missouri General Assembly, the upper chamber being the Missouri Senate. It has 163 members, representing districts with an average size of 37,000 residents. House members are elected for two-year terms during general elections held in even-numbered years.

Missouri's house is the fourth largest in the United States even as the state ranks 18th in population. The only states with a larger lower house in the United States are New Hampshire (400), Pennsylvania (203), and Georgia (180). Republicans have controlled the State House since 2003.

The next election will be held in 2026.
Stanley Brouwn
Stanley Edmund Brouwn (25 June 1935 – 18 May 2017) was a Suriname-born Dutch conceptual artist. His works explored dematerialization. He exemplified 1960s conceptualism. His best-known works include this way brouwn, Afghanistan-Zambia, and BROUWNTOYS 4000AD.

Van Abbemuseum
The Van Abbemuseum (Dutch pronunciation: [vɑn ˈɑbəmyˌzeːjʏm]) in Eindhoven is one of the first public museums for contemporary art to be established in Europe.

The museum’s collection contains over 3,400 artworks. This includes key works and archives by Joseph Beuys, Marc Chagall, René Daniëls, Marlene Dumas, Sheela Gowda, Patricia Kaersenhout, Gülsün Karamustafa, Iris Kensmil, Oskar Kokoschka, John Körmeling, El Lissitzky (of whom it owns one of the largest collections of paintings in the world), Paul McCarthy, Pablo Picasso, Martha Rosler, and Lidwien van de Ven.  The museum has an area of 9,825 m2 and holds one of the largest collections of paintings in the world by El Lissitzky.
Peter dalle Carceri
Peter dalle Carceri (Italian: Pietro dalle Carceri, died 1340) was a Triarch of Euboea and Baron of Arcadia. He was descended from the noble Dalle Carceri family, son of Grapozzo dalle Carceri and Beatrice of Verona, both Lords of Euboea.

According to a conjecture by Karl Hopf, he married first with a daughter from the first marriage of George I Ghisi, Lord of Tinos and Mykonos; however this hypothesis is rejected by Loenertz.

In 1324, Peter is attested as lord of half of the Barony of Arcadia in the Principality of Achaea, and it is usually assumed that this came about as a result of a second marriage to Balzana Gozzadini, the widow of Baron Erard II of Aulnay. Balzana died soon after.

He died in 1340 and he was succeeded by his son Giovanni, who was the only son of the second marriage.

Principality of Achaea
The Principality of Achaea (/əˈkiːə/) or Principality of Morea was one of the vassal states of the Latin Empire, which replaced the Byzantine Empire after the capture of Constantinople during the Fourth Crusade. It became a vassal of the Kingdom of Thessalonica, along with the Duchy of Athens, until Thessalonica was captured by Epirus in 1224. After this, Achaea became the dominant power in Greece, lasting continuously for 227 years and cumulatively for 229.
Krivus Island
Krivus Island (Bulgarian: остров Кривус, romanized: ostrov Krivus, IPA: [ˈɔstrof ˈkrivos]) is the mostly ice-covered island on the east side of Johannessen Harbour in the Pitt group of Biscoe Islands, Antarctica.  The feature extends 920 m in north-south direction and 1.06 km in east-west direction.

The island is named after the medieval fortress of Krivus in Southern Bulgaria.

Johannessen Harbour
Johannessen Harbour (65°26′S 65°25′W﻿ / ﻿65.433°S 65.417°W﻿ / -65.433; -65.417) is a sheltered anchorage lying to the east and northeast of Snodgrass Island in the Pitt Islands, in the northern Biscoe Islands, Antarctica. The harbour was entered by the ship Norsel in 1955 and was then surveyed by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey. It was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee for Olav Johannessen, the master of Norsel.
Myxobolus cuneus
Myxobolus cuneus is a species of Myxozoa, a parasitic Cnidarian within the family Myxobolidae, found in Sao Paulo. M. cuneus infests Piaractus mesopotamicus, often being found in the gill bladder, urinary bladder, gills, spleen, fins, head surface, liver, and heart within the fish.

Piaractus mesopotamicus
Piaractus mesopotamicus, pirapitinga, the small-scaled pacu, Paraná River pacu or simply pacu (a name shared with other species), is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Serrasalmidae, which includes  the piranhas, pacus and related fishes. These fishes are endemic to the drainage basin of the Paraguay River in South America.
Seram boobook
The Seram boobook (Ninox squamipila), also Hantu boobook, Moluccan boobook or Moluccan hawk owl, is a species of owl in the family Strigidae. It is found on the Indonesian islands of Seram, Kelang and Ambon.  Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.  It used to be considered a subspecies of the Moluccan boobook.

It is known to make loud vocalizations in the early evening.

It eats wild rats and snakes.

Kelang
Kelang Island is an island in West Seram Regency, Maluku Province, Indonesia. It is a mountainous island located off the western tip of Seram Island, just east of Manipa. Sole, located on the northeastern side, and Tahalupu on the western side are the two principal villages. Tonu Jaya is a third village in the southeast of the island. Mount Tonu, the highest point in the island, is an old volcano.

Babi Island is a 6 km long island located between Kelang and Seram. It is a relatively low island close off Kelang's northeastern side, separated from Kelang and Seram by narrow straits.

The inhabitants of Kelang speak the Luhu language, as well as Indonesian and Ambonese Malay.
Zettai ryōiki
Zettai ryōiki (Japanese: 絶対領域; lit. 'absolute territory') refers to the area of bare skin in the gap between overknee socks and a skirt or shorts. It can also be used to describe the clothing combination. The term first became widespread in otaku slang as one of the attributes of moe characters in anime and manga, but it is now used by the general public in Japan.

Slouch sock
Slouch socks, slouchy socks, loose socks or fall down socks are a type of sock featuring a heavy, non-elastic upper that may be pushed down into heavy folds around the ankles or pulled up to the knee. In Japan, the loose sock style has been popular with high-school girls. In the U.S., slouch socks have trended in and out of fashion since the 1980s.
Striation
Striations means a series of ridges, furrows or linear marks, and is used in several ways:

Glacial striation

Striation (fatigue), in material

Striation (geology), a striation as a result of a geological fault

Striation Valley, in Antarctica

In hyperbolic geometry, a striation is a reflection across two parallel mirrors.

In anatomy, striated muscle

In acoustic phonetics, striations are vertical bands on a spectrogram associated with pulses of the vocal folds when producing voiced periodic sounds.

Striations can be found in certain glasses. These have been caused by turbulent flow during teeming (pouring) of the glass.

Striations can be observed in clouds. See Barber's pole.

Ballistic fingerprinting

Periodic function
A periodic function is a function that repeats its values at regular intervals. For example, the trigonometric functions, which are used to describe waves and other repeating phenomena, are periodic. Many aspects of the natural world have periodic behavior, such as the phases of the Moon, the swinging of a pendulum, and the beating of a heart.

The length of the interval over which a periodic function repeats is called its period. Any function that is not periodic is called aperiodic.
Nora Mäkinen
Eleonora "Nora" Mäkinen (also named Gabrielsson and Marttinen; born 11 December 1920 in Vyborg – died 28 February 1984 in Helsinki) was a Finnish model and actor.

Mäkinen was one of the most popular models and mannequins in Finland in the 1930s and 1940s. She started modelling at the age of 15 when she was chosen as Miss Heinola.

Mäkinen's film career started when Toivo Särkkä noticed her at a fair in Helsinki and asked her for a photoshoot. Mäkinen first acted in small roles in Suomen Filmiteollisuus's films. Her most significant role was as Vappu Vuorenkaiku in the film Vihtori ja Klaara (1939). Other notable minor roles were the maid turned prostitute "Gaselli" in the film The Song of the Scarlet Flower and Elina who broke up with her boyfriend in the comedy Hätävara (1939).

Mäkinen was first married to the artist Veikko Marttinen and then to the police commander Erik Gabrielsson. Her mother was Russian-Jewish Rosalia Gurovich, also named Rosa Mäkinen, known as "Kotka's Rose".

Suomen Filmiteollisuus
Suomen Filmiteollisuus (SF), lit. Finland's Film Industry, is a Finnish film production company founded by Erkki Karu in 1933 after financial problems with Suomi-Filmi. The CEO, director, producer and writer T.J. Särkkä was a central figure in Suomen Filmiteollisuus. Among others, the film director Armand Lohikoski worked for the company, for which he directed 18 feature films. Suomen Filmiteollisuus went bankrupt in 1965 as a result of the coming of television.

Since 2005, the company name Suomen Filmiteollisuus has been owned by film director Markku Pölönen and his wife, who bought it from director Jari Nieminen.
Senioritis
Senioritis is the colloquial name for the decreased motivation toward education felt by students who are nearing the end of their high school, college, graduate school careers, or the end of a school year in general. Senioritis can, however, be described for any grade, although mostly said to occur in senior-level students. Senioritis is not a recognized medical condition, but a colloquial term (in the United States and Canada) that combines the word senior with the suffix -itis, which technically denotes inflammation but refers to a general illness in colloquial speech.

Colloquialism
Colloquialism (also called colloquial language, everyday language, or general parlance) is the linguistic style used for casual (informal) communication. It is the most common functional style of speech, the language normally employed in casual conversation and other informal contexts. Colloquialism is characterized by the frequent use of expressive phrases, idioms, anthropocentrism, and a lack of specialized focus, and has a rapidly changing lexicon. It can also be distinguished by its usage of formulations with incomplete logical and syntactic ordering.

A specific instance of such language is termed a colloquialism. The most common term used in dictionaries to label such an expression is colloquial.
Rich Rocks
Rich Rocks is the first extended play (or "Six Pak," as referred to on the album cover) by American country music artist John Rich, one half of the duo Big & Rich. Rich co-wrote all of the songs on the EP with the exception of "Let Somebody Else Drive", which is a John Anderson cover. On four of the six tracks, Rich is introduced by a friend that is also in the music industry.  Originally slated for a late 2010 release, it was pushed back to May 17, 2011, to coincide with the release of John Rich's other EP, For the Kids. Reprise Records released both Rich Rocks and For the Kids.

The album includes the single "Country Done Come to Town", which charted at number 34 on Hot Country Songs.

Reprise Records
Reprise Records is an American record label founded in 1960 by Frank Sinatra. It is owned by Warner Music Group, and operates through Warner Records, one of its flagship labels.

Artists currently signed to Reprise Records include Green Day, Enya, Michael Bublé, Eric Clapton, Stevie Nicks, Neil Young, Deftones, Lindsey Buckingham, Josh Groban, Disturbed, Idina Menzel, My Chemical Romance, Gerard Way, Dwight Yoakam, Never Shout Never, and Billy Strings.