hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Government of National Reconciliation
The Fino Government better known as the Government of National Reconciliation (Albanian: Qeveria e Pajtimit Kombëtar) was a caretaker government that presided over Albania from 13 March 1997 to 24 July 1997, during the Albanian unrest of 1997. It was created as a result of the social, economic, and political turmoil of early 1997, spurred by the collapse of pyramid schemes and the subsequent loss of many Albanians' life savings. This government was formed in the week following the resignation of the government of Aleksandër Meksi on 1 March 1997 by the major political parties of the country with international support. The Government was voted in the morning session at 10:00 a.m. on 12 March 1997, while received the approval of the President Sali Berisha shortly before midnight on the same day.

Caretaker government
A caretaker government, also known as a caretaker regime, is a temporary ad hoc government that performs some governmental duties and functions in a country until a regular government is elected or formed. Depending on specific practice, it consists of either randomly selected members of parliament or outgoing members until their dismissal.

Caretaker governments in representative democracies are usually limited in their function, serving only to maintain the status quo, rather than truly govern and propose new legislation. Unlike the government it is meant to temporarily replace, a caretaker government does not have a legitimate mandate (electoral approval) to exercise aforementioned functions.
PDCD7
Programmed cell death protein 7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PDCD7 gene.

This gene encodes a protein with sequence similarity to a mouse protein originally identified in embryonic stem cells. In mouse T-cell lines, this protein appears to be related to glucocorticoid- and staurine-induced apoptotic pathways, and to be linked to ceramide-mediated signalling. These observations suggest that this gene product is involved in specific apoptotic processes in T-cells.

Ceramide
Ceramides are a family of waxy lipid molecules. A ceramide is composed of sphingosine and a fatty acid joined by an amide bond.  Ceramides are found in high concentrations within the cell membrane of eukaryotic cells, since they are component lipids that make up sphingomyelin, one of the major lipids in the lipid bilayer.  Contrary to previous assumptions that ceramides and other sphingolipids found in cell membrane were purely supporting structural elements, ceramide can participate in a variety of cellular signaling: examples include regulating differentiation, proliferation, and programmed cell death (PCD) of cells.

The word ceramide comes from the Latin cera (wax) and amide. Ceramide is a component of vernix caseosa, the waxy or cheese-like white substance found coating the skin of newborn human infants.
1986–87 Saudi Premier League
The 1986–87 Saudi Premier League season reverted to a regular home and away league format instead of the previous season's group phases.

Al Ettifaq would win the title for the second time.

Newly promoted sides Al-Ansar and Al-Raed would be relegated at the first time of asking proving in the process that it is hard for promoted teams to survive in the first season as few teams have managed to achieve this feat.

Al-Raed were the second side, after Al Taawon to represent Buraydah in the top flight.

Al Taawoun FC
Al-Taawoun FC (Arabic: نادي التعاون) is a Saudi Arabian professional football and multi-sports club based in Buraidah, Saudi Arabia, that competes in the Saudi Pro League, the top tier of the Saudi football league system.

The club plays its home matches at King Abdullah Sport City Stadium, located in the city of Buraidah, which it shares with city rivals Al-Raed, with whom it contests the Qassim Derby. Additionally, the club uses the smaller Al-Taawoun Stadium for less prominent fixtures. The name "Al Taawoun" translates to "cooperation" in Arabic.
Ruth Underhill
Ruth Murray Underhill (August 22, 1883 – August 15, 1984) was an American anthropologist. She was born in Ossining-on-the-Hudson, New York, and attended Vassar College, graduating in 1905 with a degree in Language and Literature. In 1907, she graduated from the London School of Economics and began travelling throughout Europe. During World War I, she worked for an Italian orphanage run by the Red Cross.

After the war, she married Charles C. Crawford and published her first book The White Moth. Her marriage ended in 1929, and by 1930, she decided to go back to school to learn more about human behavior. After speaking with Franz Boas and Ruth Benedict in the Anthropology Department at Columbia University, she decided to pursue the field, graduating with a doctorate in 1937. She wrote numerous books on Native American tribes and helped to dispel many myths about their cultures.

Tohono Oʼodham
The Tohono Oʼodham (/təˈhoʊnoʊ ˈɔːtəm, - ˈoʊtəm/ tə-HOH-noh AW-təm, -⁠ OH-təm, O'odham: [ˈtɔhɔnɔ ˈʔɔʔɔd̪am]) are a Native American people of the Sonoran Desert, residing primarily in the U.S. state of Arizona and the northern Mexican state of Sonora. The United States federally recognized tribe is the Tohono Oʼodham Nation. The Ak-Chin Indian Community also has Tohono Oʼodham citizens.

The Tohono Oʼodham Nation governs the Tohono Oʼodham Indian Reservation, a major reservation located in southern Arizona. It encompasses portions of three counties: Pima, Pinal, and Maricopa in the United States. Tohono Oʼodham territory extends into the Mexican state of Sonora.
Aminabad, Semnan
Aminabad (Persian: امين آباد, also Romanized as Amīnābād; also known as Kalāteh-ye Amīnābād and Kalāteh-ye Ḩājjī Bābā) is a village in Kharturan Rural District, Beyarjomand District, Shahrud County, Semnan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 59, in 13 families.

Semnan province
Semnan province (Persian: استان سمنان) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is in the north of the country. Its capital is the city of Semnan.

The province of Semnan covers an area of 96,816 square kilometers and stretches along the Alborz mountain range, bordering on Kavir desert in its southern parts. The province was made part of Region 1 on 22 June 2014, as the provinces were grouped into 5 regions for coordination and development purposes.
Second-order intercept point
The Second-order intercept point, also known as the SOI, IP2, or IIP2 (Input intercept point), is a measure of linearity that quantifies the second-order distortion generated by nonlinear systems and devices. Examples of frequently used devices that are concerned with this measure are amplifiers and mixers. It is related to the third-order intercept point, which is generally used for quantifying degree of nonlinearity of a nonlinear system or it can also be used to estimate the nonlinear products present at the output of such a system.

Frequency mixer
In electronics, a mixer or frequency mixer is a circuit that outputs signals with new frequencies from two signals input to it. In its most common application, two signals are input and two signals are output, having frequencies equal to the sum and the difference of the original frequencies. Other frequency components may also be produced in a practical frequency mixer.

Mixers are widely used to shift signals from one frequency range to another, a process known as heterodyning, for convenience in transmission or further signal processing. For example, a key component of a superheterodyne receiver is a mixer used to move received signals to a common intermediate frequency. Frequency mixers are also used to modulate a carrier signal in radio transmitters.
Caer Caradoc (Chapel Lawn)
Caer Caradoc (Welsh – Caer Caradog) is an Iron Age hill fort and Scheduled Monument in the south-west of the English county of Shropshire, near the town of Clun. It overlooks the village of Chapel Lawn and lies within a loop of the River Redlake. It is located within an area of Open Access land and can be reached via a public footpath between the farms of Wax Hall to the west and Bryncambric to the east.

This hill fort has the same name as another, Caer Caradoc near Church Stretton, also in Shropshire but 16 miles (26 km) to the north-east. Like the latter, it has also been claimed to have been the site of Caratacus' last battle against the Roman occupation of Britain.

Caratacus' last battle
The final battle in Caratacus' resistance to Roman rule was fought in 50 AD. The Romans under Publius Ostorius Scapula defeated the Britons and in the aftermath captured Caratacus himself, since 43 the leader of armed opposition to the Roman conquest of Britain. He was paraded through Rome and given the opportunity to make a speech before the emperor Claudius, who spared his life and those of his family and retainers.
Aparaglossata
Aparaglossata is a clade of insects comprising all modern holometabolous insects except for Hymenoptera. The clade is named for one of its most recognizable synapomorphies (shared distinguishing feature); the absence of paraglossae. The clade is also characterized by a modification of the ovipositor and a reduction in number of Malpighian tubules.

The larval groundplan of Aparaglossata was prognathous, had well-developed stemmata, and had an H-shaped tentorium.

Apomorphy and synapomorphy
In phylogenetics, an apomorphy (or derived trait) is a novel character or character state that has evolved from its ancestral form (or plesiomorphy). A synapomorphy is an apomorphy shared by two or more taxa and is therefore hypothesized to have evolved in their most recent common ancestor.

In cladistics, synapomorphy implies homology.

Examples of apomorphy are the presence of erect gait, fur, the evolution of three middle ear bones, and mammary glands in mammals but not in other vertebrate animals, such as amphibians or reptiles, which have retained their ancestral traits of a sprawling gait and lack of fur. Thus, these derived traits are also synapomorphies of mammals in general as they are not shared by other vertebrate animals.
Church of St Giles, Wimborne St Giles
The Church of St Giles is the Church of England parish church for the village of Wimborne St Giles, Dorset. Originally founded in the 13th century and rebuilt several times over the ensuing centuries, the present church is a mixture of Georgian and Gothic Revival architecture. It is located at the start of the main driveway to St Giles House, the seat of the Earl of Shaftesbury, at the end of a row of Stuart-era almshouses.

The church has been celebrated by several architectural historians, most notably Sir John Betjeman, who described St Giles as "a treasure-house of Comper work", referring to the restoration carried out on the church by Sir Ninian Comper between 1908 and 1910. The church building has been designated as Grade I listed on the National Heritage List for England, the highest possible rating.

Earl of Shaftesbury
Earl of Shaftesbury is a title in the Peerage of England. It was created in 1672 for Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 1st Baron Ashley, a prominent politician in the Cabal then dominating the policies of King Charles II. He had already succeeded his father as second Baronet of Rockbourne in 1631 and been created Baron Ashley, of Wimborne St Giles in the County of Dorset, in 1661, and he was made Baron Cooper, of Paulett in the County of Somerset, at the same time he was given the earldom.

These titles are also in the Peerage of England. Baron Ashley is used as a courtesy title by the Earl's eldest son and heir apparent. The Cooper baronetcy, of Rockbourne in the County of Southampton, was created in the Baronetage of England in 1622 for the Earl's father, John Cooper. He sat as Member of Parliament for Poole.

The current holder is Nicholas Ashley-Cooper (born 1979).
Boupha
Boupha is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bounyong Boupha, Laotian politician

Kham Ouane Boupha (born 1932), Laotian soldier and politician

Khampheng Boupha (1923–2011), Laotian politician

Kham Ouane Boupha
Kham Ouane Boupha (born  December 5, 1932, in Luang Prabang) is a Laotian soldier and politician. Appointed to command Phongsali Province in the Kingdom of Laos in 1957 or 1958 while he was in his mid-twenties, he would maintain that base throughout the impending Laotian Civil War. During that war, in April 1963, he would defect from government service to head the pro-communist Patriotic Neutralists movement. At the end of the war, as the Communists succeeded in gaining power through the Provisional Government of the National Union, Kham Ouane Boupha was appointed Deputy Minister of Defense on April 9, 1974. He was promoted to become Minister of Defense on May 12, 1975 and served as such for many years, even while he was also Minister of Justice. He retired from cabinet rank in 2006, becoming a minister in the Office of the Prime Minister.
2025 Challenger Concepción – Doubles
Seita Watanabe and Takeru Yuzuki were the defending champions but lost in the final to Vasil Kirkov and Matías Soto.

Kirkov and Soto won the title after defeating Watanabe and Yuzuki 6–2, 6–4 in the final.

Vasil Kirkov
Vasil Kirkov (born March 13, 1999) is a Bulgarian-born American professional tennis player. He has a career high ATP doubles ranking of world No. 57 achieved on February 16, 2026 and a career high singles ranking of No. 439 achieved on November 22, 2021. He has reached one ATP doubles final. Kirkov has won 11 doubles ATP Challenger Tour titles, including 7 titles in 2025, tied for the second-most titles for that season.
Couvreface
A couvreface in fortification architecture is a small outwork that was built in front of the actual fortress ditch before bastions or ravelins. It usually just consisted of a low rampart with a breastwork that protected its defending infantry. Another ditch in front of the work guarded it from immediate frontal assault. The function of couvrefaces was to protect the faces of the higher ravelin or bastion behind it from direct artillery fire. So that the couvreface and the works behind it could not come under simultaneous fire from an enemy battery along the line of the ramparts they were not allowed to run parallel to one another. Similar to the couvreface is the larger counterguard which, by contrast, was designed to enable the positioning of guns. Couvrefaces are found particularly in Dutch and French fortifications from the 17th to the early 19th centuries.

Ditch (fortification)
In military engineering, a ditch is an obstacle designed to slow down or break up an attacking force, while a trench is intended to provide cover to the defenders. In military fortifications, the side of a ditch furthest from the enemy and closest to the next line of defence is known as the scarp while the side of a ditch closest to the enemy is known as the counterscarp.
The Wayne Sentinel
The Wayne Sentinel was a weekly newspaper published in Palmyra, New York beginning in 1823, and continuing at least until 1863. In the late 1820s, the newspaper was one of the first media sources to report on the spiritual claims that were made by Joseph Smith, founder of the Latter Day Saint movement. On 26 June 1829, the Sentinel reported on local rumors of a "Golden Bible"  and reproduced the text of the title page of the Book of Mormon, which was not published until March 1830. The Wayne Sentinel and the Book of Mormon were published in Palmyra by E. B. Grandin.

Palmyra (village), New York
Palmyra (/ˌpælˈmaɪrə/) is a village in Wayne County, New York, United States. The population was 3,536 at the 2010 census. The village, along with the town, is named after Palmyra in present-day Syria.

The village is in the Town of Palmyra. The village is east of Rochester.
Wittmann Patch
The Wittmann Patch is a temporary abdominal fascia prosthesis for the planned open abdomen to ease the management of cases where the abdomen cannot be closed due to abdominal compartment syndrome or because multiple further operations are planned (damage control repair [DCR]). It consists of a sterile hook and a sterile loop sheet made from propylene and nylon.

Propylene
Propylene, also known as propene, is an unsaturated organic compound with the chemical formula CH3CH=CH2. It has one double bond, and is the second simplest member of the alkene class of hydrocarbons. It is a colorless gas with a faint petroleum-like odor.

Propylene is a product of combustion from forest fires, cigarette smoke, and motor vehicle and aircraft exhaust. It was discovered in 1850 by A. W. von Hoffmann's student John Williams Reynolds as the only gaseous product of thermal decomposition of amyl alcohol to react with chlorine and bromine.
Loreley (opera)
Loreley is an opera (azione romantica) in three acts composed by Alfredo Catalani to a libretto by Angelo Zanardini, Carlo D'Ormeville and others. It premiered on 16 February 1890 at the Teatro Regio in Turin. Based on the German legend of the Lorelei, the opera is an extensive reworking of Catalani's four-act opera Elda which had premiered in Turin ten years earlier.

Teatro del Giglio
The Teatro del Giglio (Theater of the Giglio) is the historic city theater and opera house located in Piazza del Giglio #13 and #15 in the center of Lucca, region of Tuscany, Italy. A statue of Garibaldi stands in the square in front of the theater.
9-Nine
9-Nine is a Japanese adult visual novel series developed and published by Palette. It was released for Windows in four episodes from April 2017 to April 2020, with a final episode released in April 2021. It was later ported to the PlayStation 4 and Nintendo Switch in June 2022. An English version of the visual novels was released by Sekai Project from February 2019 to March 2021. An all-aged extra episode was released in April 2021. A manga adaptation with art by Izumi Kawachi has been serialized online via Futabasha's Gaugau Monster website since October 2021. An anime television series adaptation produced by PRA, titled 9-Nine: Ruler's Crown, aired from July to September 2025. A spin-off to the visual novels, as:9-nine- ARTEISIA, has been announced as being planned for release in 2026.

Sekai Project
Sekai Project is an American video game publisher. They are best known for licensing and translating Japanese visual novels into English, but they have also published manga and other non-visual novel video games.
Rawhiti Cave
Rawhiti Cave, also known as Manson Cave, is a single large limestone cave in the hillside of the Dry Creek Valley 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) southeast of Tākaka on the South Island of New Zealand. It is referred to as Manson Cave in the NZ Topo Map, after owners in the early 20th century, however the cave is known as Rawhiti Cave locally, and on DoC information panels and in brochures.

The cave's entrance is one of the largest cave entrances in New Zealand with an opening of about 40 metres (130 ft) wide and up to 20 metres (66 ft) tall. The ceiling is densely covered in stalactites which become increasingly finer deeper down into the cave. A short walking track leads halfway down into the cavernous opening to a viewing platform.

Tākaka
Tākaka is a small town situated at the southeastern end of Golden Bay, at the northern end of New Zealand's South Island, located on the lower reaches of the Tākaka River. State Highway 60 runs through Takaka  and  follows the river valley before climbing over Tākaka Hill, to Motueka (57 km away) linking Golden Bay with the more populated coast of Tasman Bay to the southeast. The town is served by Tākaka Aerodrome.
Calalzo–Padua railway
The Calalzo–Padua railway is a railway line in Veneto, Italy.

The section from Camposampiero to Padua was opened in 1877 as a part of the Bassano–Padua railway. In 1886 it followed the section from Belluno to Camposampiero. The final section to Calalzo di Cadore was finished in 1914.

Camposampiero
Camposampiero is a town and comune in the province of Padua, Veneto, northern Italy. The 15th-century Santuario del Noce, a Roman Catholic chapel dedicated to Anthony of Padua, is located in Camposampiero.
1986 Los Angeles Rams season
The 1986 Los Angeles Rams season was the franchise's 49th season in the National Football League, their fiftieth overall, and their 41st in the Greater Los Angeles Area. The season began with the Rams looking to improve on their 11–5 record from 1985, which ended with them getting shut out by the Chicago Bears in the NFC Championship Game, 24–0. The Rams began the season with three straight wins against the St. Louis Cardinals, San Francisco 49ers, and Indianapolis Colts. However, in week 4, the Philadelphia Eagles (0–3) upset the Rams, 34–20. The Rams would then win four of their next five, including a 20–17 win over the Bears in a rematch of the NFC Championship Game. The Rams would then close out the season with losses in four of their final seven games to end the year 10–6, good enough for second place in the NFC West behind the 49ers (10–5–1). In the playoffs, the Rams lost to the Washington Redskins, 19–7, in the NFC Wild Card Game.

1985 Los Angeles Rams season
The 1985 Los Angeles Rams season was the franchise's 48th season in the National Football League and their 40th in the Greater Los Angeles Area.

In the playoffs, the Rams shut out the Dallas Cowboys 20–0 in the Divisional playoffs, advancing to the NFC Championship Game, but were shut out themselves by the eventual Super Bowl champion Chicago Bears 24–0. Eric Dickerson rushed for 1,234 yards in 1985 while missing the first two games while in a contract dispute. He missed the Pro Bowl for the first time in his short NFL career. He did, however, go on to rush for a playoff record 248 yards against the Dallas Cowboys in post-season play.

It was also the last time the Rams would win an NFC West divisional title when based in Los Angeles until 2017, and the last NFC West title until 1999 while they were in St. Louis.
Bedikat Chametz
Bedikat chametz, or bedikas chametz (בְּדִיקַת חָמֵץ‎, Tiberian: bəḏīqaṯ ḥāmēṡ) is the Mitzva to search for chametz before the Jewish Holiday of Passover. The search takes place after nightfall on the evening before Pesach (the night of the 14th of the Hebrew month of Nisan).

In Jewish law, there is an accepted three-step process for dealing with chametz before the Passover:

Searching for Ĥametz (Bedikat Chametz)

Elimination of chametz (Bitul chametz)

Removal of chametz (Biur chametz)

After the checking ceremony, the chametz is nullified; that is, a declaration is made that any chametz not found during the checking is considered like "the dust of the earth", and the next day the chametz that was found during the checking is burned. (The commandment is to do this through burning, but it can also be destroyed in other ways, such as throwing it into the sea).

Tiberian Hebrew
Tiberian Hebrew is the canonical pronunciation of the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh) committed to writing by Masoretic scholars living in the Jewish community of Tiberias in ancient Galilee c. 750–950 CE under the Abbasid Caliphate. They wrote in the form of Tiberian vocalization, which employed diacritics added to the Hebrew letters: vowel signs and consonant diacritics (nequdot) and the so-called accents (two related systems of cantillation signs or te'amim). These together with the marginal notes masora magna and masora parva make up the Tiberian apparatus.

Although the written vowels and accents came into use in around 750 CE, the oral tradition that they reflect is many centuries older, with ancient roots.