hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy
Conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy (CEMS) is a Mössbauer spectroscopy technique based on conversion electron.

The CEM spectrum can be obtained either by collecting essentially all the electrons leaving the surface (integral technique), or by selecting the ones in a given energy range by means of a beta ray spectrometer (differential or depth selective CEMS).

This method allows the use of simple and inexpensive detecting equipment, mainly flow-type proportional detectors in which large counting rates can be obtained. This last characteristic makes possible the study of samples with the natural abundance of the Mössbauer isotope. The information furnished by the integral measurements can be increased by using various angles of incidence or by depositing thin layers of inert material on the sample.

Beta particle
A beta particle, also called beta ray or beta radiation (symbol β), is a high-energy, high-speed electron or positron emitted by the radioactive decay of an atomic nucleus, known as beta decay. There are two forms of beta decay, β− decay and β+ decay, which produce electrons and positrons, respectively.

Beta particles with an energy of 0.5 MeV have a range of about one metre in the air; the distance is dependent on the particle's energy and the air's density and composition.

Beta particles are a type of ionizing radiation, and for radiation protection purposes, they are regarded as being more ionizing than gamma rays, but less ionizing than alpha particles. The higher the ionising effect, the greater the damage to living tissue, but also the lower the penetrating power of the radiation through matter.
Kieran Read
Kieran James Read ONZM (born 26 October 1985) is a New Zealand former rugby union player. He played as a number 8 and is a former captain of the New Zealand national team, the All Blacks.

Read played for New Zealand from 2008 to 2019. He is one of the most-capped players of all time, and the fifth-most-capped All Black in history, having played 127 tests, scoring 26 international tries. Read captained New Zealand 52 times.

He was the IRB Player of the Year in 2013 and a key member of New Zealand's 2011 and 2015 World Cup-winning teams, becoming one of only 43 players to have won multiple men's Rugby World Cups.

Read played for the Crusaders in the Super Rugby competition, and played for Canterbury and Counties Manukau in the Mitre 10 Cup, before spending his final season in Japan with Toyota Verblitz.

Counties Manukau (National Provincial Championship)
Counties Manukau (often known as the Counties Steelers) are a New Zealand professional rugby union team based in Pukekohe, New Zealand. The union was originally established in 1955, with the National Provincial Championship established in 1976. They now play in the reformed National Provincial Championship competition. They play their home games at Navigation Homes Stadium in Pukekohe in the Auckland region. The team is affiliated with the Chiefs Super Rugby franchise. Their home playing colours are black, white and red.
2023 NBA draft
The 2023 NBA draft, the 77th edition of the National Basketball Association's annual draft, was held on June 22, 2023, at Barclays Center in Brooklyn, New York. The draft consisted of 58 picks instead of the typical 60 for the second year in a row due to the loss of a second-round pick for both the Chicago Bulls and the Philadelphia 76ers for violating the NBA's tampering rules during free agency. The first overall selection was made by the San Antonio Spurs, who selected the 7'4" French center Victor Wembanyama. Wembanyama went on to win the Rookie of the Year.

UCLA Bruins men's basketball
The UCLA Bruins men's basketball program represents the University of California, Los Angeles, in the sport of men's basketball as a member of the Big Ten Conference. Established in 1919, the program has won a record 11 NCAA titles. Coach John Wooden led the Bruins to 10 national titles in 12 seasons, from 1964 to 1975, including seven straight from 1967 to 1973. UCLA went undefeated a record four times (1964, 1967, 1972, and 1973). Coach Jim Harrick led the team to another NCAA title in 1995. Former coach Ben Howland led UCLA to three consecutive Final Four appearances from 2006 to 2008. As a member of the AAWU, Pacific-8 and then Pacific-10, UCLA set an NCAA Division I record with 13 consecutive regular season conference titles between 1967 and 1979 which stood until tied by Kansas in 2017. UCLA departed the Pac-12 Conference and joined the Big Ten Conference on August 2, 2024.
Francis Price (planter)
Francis Price (1635 – 1689) was an English planter in Jamaica. He joined the regiment of Anthony Buller, part of Robert Venables' expeditionary force known as the Western Design. He fought at the Siege of Santo Domingo in April 1655. In 1670, Price became the patent holder for Worthy Park, an 840-acre plantation situated at Luidas in Saint John Parish, Jamaica. He also held a patent with his partner, Nicholas Philpott, for the 150 acre plantation in Flamingo Savanna, Saint Catherine Parish, Jamaica.

Francis had three sons, Francis, Thomas and Charles, and a daughter. His grandson, Sir Charles Price (1708–1772) was created a baronet on 16 January 1768.

Siege of Santo Domingo (1655)
The siege of Santo Domingo was fought between April 23, 1655 and April 30, 1655, at the Spanish Colony of Santo Domingo. A force of 2,400 Spanish troops led by Governor Don Bernardino Meneses y Bracamonte, Count of Peñalba successfully resisted a force of 13,120 soldiers led by General Robert Venables and 34 ships under Admiral Sir William Penn
of the English Commonwealth.
Listed buildings in Northbourne, Kent
Northbourne is a village and civil parish in the Dover District of Kent, England. It contains 53 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England. Of these one is grade I, five are grade II* and 47 are grade II.

This list is based on the information retrieved online from Historic England.

Dover District
Dover is a local government district in Kent, England. It is named after its largest town, the port town of Dover. The council is based in Whitfield on the outskirts of Dover. The district also covers the towns of Deal, Sandwich and Walmer as well as the surrounding rural areas.

The district borders Thanet District to the north, the City of Canterbury to the west, and Folkestone and Hythe District to the south-west. To the south and east, it faces the Strait of Dover.
Childhood obesity
Childhood obesity is a condition where excess body fat negatively affects a child's health or well-being. As methods to determine body fat directly are difficult, the diagnosis of obesity is often based on BMI. Due to the rising prevalence of obesity in children and its many adverse health effects it is being recognized as a serious public health concern. The term overweight rather than obese is often used when discussing childhood obesity, as it is less stigmatizing, although the term overweight can also refer to a different BMI category. The prevalence of childhood obesity is known to differ by sex and gender.

Environmental factor
An environmental factor, ecological factor or eco factor is any factor, abiotic or biotic, that influences living organisms.  Abiotic factors include ambient temperature, amount of sunlight, air, soil, water and pH of the water soil in which an organism lives.  Biotic factors would include the availability of food organisms and the presence of biological specificity, competitors, predators, and parasites.

Harmful factors are considered environmental hazards.
Sketches of the Ancient History of the Six Nations
Sketches of the Ancient History of the Six Nations, by the Tuscarora David Cusick, is a mytho-historical narrative about the Iroquois Confederacy of six tribes: the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca and, later, the Tuscarora. First published between 1826 and 1827, the work has three parts: "A Tale of the Foundation of the Great Island (now North America);" "A Real Account of the Settlement of North America and their Dissentions", and "Origin of the Kingdom of the Five Nations." It was among the earliest English-language attempts to record Native American history from a Native American perspective.

David Cusick
David Cusick (c. 1780 – 1840) was a Tuscarora artist and the author of David Cusick's Sketches of Ancient History of the Six Nations (1827). This is an early (if not the first) account of Native American history and myth, written and published in English by a Native American.
Phyllonorycter juncei
Phyllonorycter juncei is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from the Canary Islands and Madeira.

The larvae feed on Genista tenera, Teline maderensis, Teline stenopetala and Spartium junceum. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

Gracillariidae
Gracillariidae is an important family of insects in the order Lepidoptera and the principal family of leaf miners that includes several economic, horticultural or recently invasive pest species such as the horse-chestnut leaf miner, Cameraria ohridella.
2022 Toronto Rock season
The Toronto Rock are a lacrosse team based in Hamilton, Ontario playing in the National Lacrosse League (NLL). The 2022 season is the 24th in franchise history, and 23rd as the Rock. This was the second team season in Hamilton and the first since 1998 following a move from Toronto.

2022 NLL season
The 2022 National Lacrosse League season, formally known as the 2021–2022 season, was the 35th in the history of the NLL. The season began on December 3, 2021, and ended with the NLL final in late spring of 2022. This was the inaugural season for the expansion team Panther City Lacrosse Club, and the Albany FireWolves who relocated from New England. The NLL returned after missing a season due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

The Colorado Mammoth defeated the Buffalo Bandits in a best of three series to win its first championship since 2006.

The 2022 season was the start of a multi-year broadcasting deal with ESPN.
Kremlin Clock
The Kremlin Clock (Russian: Кремлёвские часы, romanized: Kremlyovskiye chasy) or Kremlin Chimes (Russian: Кремлёвские куранты, romanized: Kremlyovskiye kuranty), also known colloquially in the West as Moscow Clock Tower, is a historic clock on the Spasskaya Tower of Moscow Kremlin. The clock dial is above the main gates to Red Square. For decades, the chimes have rung on the quarter-hour, with bells tolling for each full hour.

Red Square
Red Square (Russian: Красная площадь, romanized: Krasnaya ploshchad', IPA: [ˈkrasnəjə ˈploɕːɪtʲ]) is one of the oldest and largest squares in Moscow, Russia. It is located in Moscow's historic centre, along the eastern walls of the Kremlin. It is the city's most prominent landmark, with famous buildings such as Saint Basil's Cathedral, Lenin's Mausoleum, the State Historical Museum and the GUM department store. It has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1990. Red Square has been the scene of executions, demonstrations, riots, parades, and speeches. Almost 73,000 square metres (800,000 square feet), it lies directly east of the Kremlin and north of the Moskva River. A moat that separated the square from the Kremlin was paved over in 1812.
Katheryn Edmonds Rajnak
Katheryn (Kathie) Marie Edmonds Rajnak (April 30, 1937 – February 3, 2005) was an American theoretical physical chemist who lived and worked in the United States. She was known for her work applying variations of the Hartree–Fock approach to calculating the energy levels of the lanthanide elements and their compounds. Applications of those results include the design of lasers for inertial-confinement fusion and for uranium isotope separation. She was the first woman to teach physics at Kalamazoo College, starting in 1967.

Isotope separation
Isotope separation is the process of concentrating specific isotopes of a chemical element by removing other isotopes. The use of the nuclides produced is varied. The largest variety is used in research (e.g. in chemistry where atoms of "marker" nuclide are used to figure out reaction mechanisms). By tonnage, separating natural uranium into enriched uranium and depleted uranium is the largest application. This process is crucial in the manufacture of uranium fuel for nuclear power plants and is also required for the creation of uranium-based nuclear weapons (unless uranium-233 is used). Plutonium-based weapons use plutonium produced in a nuclear reactor, which must be operated in such a way as to produce plutonium already of suitable isotopic mix or grade.

While chemical elements can be purified through chemical processes, isotopes of the same element have nearly identical chemical properties which makes this type of separation impractical, except for separation of deuterium.
Math Blaster Mystery: The Great Brain Robbery
Math Blaster Mystery: The Great Brain Robbery is a product in a line of educational products created by Davidson & Associates that takes place in a different universe from the original Math Blaster. It has no relation to Davidson's earlier Apple II game Math Blaster Mystery. The game was released in North America, Sweden and Spain. The game was remade in 1998 with the title Math Blaster: Pre-Algebra. The game is regarded as a 'Review and Practice' type of software.

Davidson & Associates
Davidson & Associates, Inc. was an American developer of educational software based in Torrance, California. The company was founded in 1982 by husband-and-wife Bob and Jan Davidson, the latter of whom led the company as president until January 1997. Specializing in the production of edutainment software, the company was acquired by CUC International in February 1996 and served as the base for CUC's CUC Software division, being made responsible for the sales and distribution of the combined company.

Davidson owned several studios, including Funnybone Interactive, Learningways, Capitol Multimedia, and Blizzard Entertainment. Other subsidiaries included  First Byte, Maverick Software, Fas-Track and Educational Resources as well as Gryphon Software.

Davidson & Associates was known chiefly for their Blaster series of educational games, including Math Blaster as well as their licensed games based on the products of Fisher-Price.
Gmina Komarówka Podlaska
Gmina Komarówka Podlaska is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Radzyń Podlaski County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. Its seat is the village of Komarówka Podlaska, which lies approximately 23 kilometres (14 mi) east of Radzyń Podlaski and 67 km (42 mi) north-east of the regional capital Lublin.

The gmina covers an area of 137.56 square kilometres (53.1 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 4,728.

Lublin Voivodeship
Lublin Voivodeship (Polish: województwo lubelskie [vɔjɛˈvut͡stfɔ luˈbɛlskʲɛ] ⓘ) is a voivodeship (province) of Poland, located in the southeastern part of the country, with its capital being the city of Lublin.

The region is named after its largest city and regional capital, Lublin, and its territory is made of four historical lands: the western and central part of the voivodeship, with Lublin itself, belongs to Lesser Poland, the eastern part of Lublin Area belongs to Cherven Cities/Red Ruthenia, and the northeast belongs to Polesie and Podlasie.
Lublin Voivodeship borders Subcarpathian Voivodeship to the south, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship to the south-west, Masovian Voivodeship to the west and north, Podlaskie Voivodeship along a short boundary to the north, Belarus (Brest Region) and Ukraine (Lviv and Volyn Regions) to the east. The region's population as of 2024 was 1,996,440. It covers an area of 25,155 square kilometres (9,712 sq mi).
Tim Rave
Timothy Allan Rave (born July 24, 1967) is an American politician and a former Republican member of the South Dakota Senate representing District 25 from January 11, 2011, to April 1, 2015. Rave served consecutively in the South Dakota Legislature from January 2003 until January 11, 2011, in the South Dakota House of Representatives District 25 seat.

He was Speaker of the House. He is currently the Chairman of the Republican Party in South Dakota.

South Dakota Senate
The South Dakota Senate is the upper house of the South Dakota Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of South Dakota. The lower house is the South Dakota House of Representatives. It consists of 35 members, one representing each legislative district, who can serve up to four consecutive two-year terms. It meets at the South Dakota State Capitol in Pierre.
Hungarian Scout Association in Slovakia
The Hungarian Scout Association in Slovakia (Hungarian: Szlovákiai Magyar Cserkészszövetség, SZMCS) is the Scouting organization of Hungarians in Slovakia. Currently, there are about 50 Scout groups with around 1,500 active Scouts.

Hungarians in Slovakia
Hungarians constitute the largest  minority in Slovakia. According to the 2021 Slovak census, 422,065 people (or 7.75% of the population) declared themselves Hungarian. An additional 34,089 people declared a combination of Hungarian and other nationalities. Altogether 456,154 people stated that Hungarian was their mother tongue.

Hungarians in Slovakia are predominantly concentrated in the southern part of the country, near the border with Hungary. They form the majority in two districts, Komárno and Dunajská Streda.
Natasha Kline
Natasha Kline (born 1986) is an American cartoonist, storyboard artist, and animation producer. She is the creator, showrunner, and executive producer of the animated television series Primos. She is also known for her work on Big City Greens, South Park, The Lego Ninjago Movie, Home: Adventures with Tip & Oh, and Too Loud.

Disney Television Animation
Disney Television Animation (DTVA; also shortened to Disney TVA), formerly known as Walt Disney Pictures Television Animation Group and Walt Disney Television Animation, is an American animation studio that serves as the television animation production arm of Disney Branded Television, a division of Disney Entertainment Television, which is a division of Disney Entertainment, which is one of the three main divisions of The Walt Disney Company. The studio was originally established in 1984, by Gary Krisel during the reorganization and subsequent re-incorporation of Disney following the arrival of then CEO Michael Eisner that year.

The division is responsible for developing and producing animated television series, films, specials and short films for broadcast on the Disney branded networks; Disney Channel, Disney XD and Disney Jr., as well as Disney+.
Seychelles white-eye
The Seychelles white-eye (Zosterops modestus) is a rare warbler-like perching bird from the family of white-eyes (Zosteropidae). It is endemic to the Seychelles. At one time thought to be extinct, it was rediscovered and is now listed as Vulnerable by the IUCN.

White-eye
The white-eyes are a family, Zosteropidae, of small passerine birds native to tropical, subtropical and temperate Sub-Saharan Africa, southern and eastern Asia, and Australasia. White-eyes inhabit most tropical islands in the Indian Ocean, the western Pacific Ocean, and the Gulf of Guinea. Discounting some widespread members of the genus Zosterops, most species are endemic to single islands or archipelagos. The silvereye, Zosterops lateralis, naturally colonised New Zealand, where it is known as the "wax-eye" or tauhou ("stranger"), from 1855. The silvereye has also been introduced to the Society Islands in French Polynesia, while the Japanese white-eye has been introduced to Hawaii.
Chima Ugwu
Chima Kingsley Ugwu // ⓘ(born 19 July 1973 in Enugu) is a Nigerian shot putter. He also occasionally competed in discus throw.

He competed at the 1996, 2000, and 2004 Summer Olympics, and the World Championships in 1993, 1997 and 2003 without reaching the finals.

Ugwu came to the United States in 1994 and won the 1995 NJCAA outdoor shot put title while attending Central Arizona College. He was then recruited to play defensive tackle for the Arizona Wildcats football team, even though he had never played the sport before. He also won Pacific-10 Conference titles in both the shot put and discus throw.

His personal best throw is 20.26 metres, achieved in July 2000 in Lagos. This is the previous Nigerian record, and ranks him fifth in South Africans Janus Robberts, Burger Lambrechts and Karel Potgieter.

1993 World Championships in Athletics
The 4th World Championships in Athletics (German: Leichtathletik-Weltmeisterschaften 1993), under the auspices of the International Association of Athletics Federations, were held in the Neckarstadium, Stuttgart, Germany between 13 and 22 August with the participation of 187 nations. Having originally being held every four years in 1983, 1987 and 1991, these championships began a two-year cycle between events.
Willie McCallum (footballer)
William McCallum (born 30 March 1942) is a Scottish former footballer who played as a central defender, mainly for hometown club Motherwell, where he spent 14 years; he was the club's 'player of the year' in the 1971–72 season. After leaving Fir Park, he served short spells with St Mirren, Dunfermline Athletic and Raith Rovers.

Fir Park
Fir Park Stadium is a football stadium situated in Motherwell, North Lanarkshire, Scotland. The stadium plays host to the home matches of Scottish Premiership club Motherwell and was the temporary home of Gretna for the 2007–08 SPL season. Motherwell moved to the stadium in 1896, previously playing their football at Dalziel Park.
Department of Antiquities
A Department of Antiquities is a government department with responsibility for cultural heritage management, archaeological research and regulating antiquities trading in some countries. Many were established by British and French colonial administrations in the mandate period and continued by their postcolonial successor states, sometimes under a different name. They include:

The Department of Antiquities of Cyprus

The Department of Antiquities of Iraq

The Department of Antiquities of Jordan

The Department of Antiquities of Mandatory Palestine, which was succeeded by the:
Israel Antiquities Authority, known as the Department of Antiquities until 1990
Palestinian Department of Antiquities, reestablished in 1994

The Division of Antiquities of Tanzania

The Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities of Egypt, and its predecessor the Supreme Council of Antiquities, known as the Department of Antiquities until 1971

Israel Antiquities Authority
The Israel Antiquities Authority (IAA, Hebrew: רשות העתיקות rashut ha-'atiqot; Arabic: دائرة آثار إسرائيل, before 1990, the Israel Department of Antiquities) is an independent Israeli  governmental authority responsible for enforcing the 1978 Law of Antiquities. The IAA regulates excavation and conservation, and promotes research.

The National Campus for the Archaeology of Israel is the new home of the IAA, located on Museum Hill in Jerusalem. In 2025, the almost completed Campus started offering guided tours.