hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Moses Hall
Moses Hall, formerly known as Eshelman Hall, is a historic building on the campus of the University of California, Berkeley in Berkeley, California. It was built in 1931, and designed in the Tudor Revival and Gothic Revival styles by architect George W. Kelham. It was first named for John Morton Eshleman, and it was renamed for Bernard Moses in 1963. The building houses the Institute of Governmental Studies on the first floor, and the Howison Philosophy Library on the third floor. In 2023, Bernard Moses' name was removed from the building due to his racist and colonialist beliefs which were found in many of his writings. The building was renamed to Philosophy Hall in 2024.

Institute of Governmental Studies
The Institute of Governmental Studies (IGS) is an interdisciplinary organized research unit at UC Berkeley, in Philosophy Hall. It was founded in 1919 as the Bureau of Public Administration. IGS and its affiliated centers spearhead and promote research, programs, seminars and colloquia, training, educational activities and public service in the fields of politics and public policy, with a strong focus on national and California politics. Current IGS research focuses include institutional policy and design, political reform, term limits, campaign finance, redistricting, direct democracy, presidential and gubernatorial politics, representative government, the politics of race and ethnicity, immigration and globalization.
2024 Rally Latvia
The 2024 Rally Latvia (also known as the Tet Rally Latvia 2024) was a motor racing event for rally cars that was held over four days from 18 to 21 July 2024. It marked the twelfth running of the Rally Liepāja, and is the eighth round of the 2024 World Rally Championship, World Rally Championship-2 and World Rally Championship-3. The 2024 event was based in Liepāja in Kurzeme Planning Region, and was contested over twenty special stages, covering a total competitive distance of 300.13 km (186.49 mi).

Kalle Rovanperä and Jonne Halttunen won the rally, and their team, Toyota Gazoo Racing WRT, won the manufacturer's titles. Oliver Solberg and Elliott Edmondson won the World Rally Championship-2 category. Joosep Ralf Nõgene and Aleks Lesk won the World Rally Championship-3 category.

Toyota Gazoo Racing WRT
The Toyota Gazoo Racing World Rally Team is a competitor of the World Rally Championship (WRC) based in Finland, serving as the entry for the car manufacturer Toyota. Its team principal is former WRC driver Jari-Matti Latvala and its drivers for 2023 include reigning champion Kalle Rovanperä, alongside Elfyn Evans, Takamoto Katsuta and Sébastien Ogier. The team made its debut during the 2017 season, where it entered the Toyota Yaris WRC.

The team is a separate operational unit to the Toyota Gazoo Racing team that competes in the World Endurance Championship, but both are a part of Toyota Gazoo Racing Europe.

In 2018, the team won the championship for manufacturers, Toyota's first since 1999, followed by more wins in 2021 and 2022. The team have also delivered championship titles for drivers and co-drivers from 2019 to 2023.
James J. Hussey
James John Hussey (November 27, 1917 – July 31, 2007) was a Canadian politician  who was elected to the Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly in the 1971 provincial election. He represented the electoral district of Port de Grave as a member of the Liberal Party of Newfoundland and Labrador.

Hussey was born in Port de Grave in 1917 to Abraham and Phoebe (née Tucker) Hussey. He received primary schooling in Port de Grave. Hussey married Annie Doris Hill in 1942 and had eight children. He later resided in St. John's and was a member of the Royal Yacht Club of Newfoundland.

Port de Grave (electoral district)
Port de Grave is a defunct provincial electoral district for the House of Assembly of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.

Fishing was a prime industry in the district and many people commute to work in the St. John's area. Bay Roberts was an important service centre for the region and there is some light industrial activity. In 2011, there were 8,914 eligible voters living within the district.

The district included the communities of Bay Roberts, Bareneed, Bishop's Cove, Blow Me Down, Bryant's Cove, Hibb's Cove, Port de Grave, Ship Cove, Spaniard's Bay, The Dock, Tilton and Upper Island Cove.

The district was one of the strongest Liberal regions of the province, and was one of only three districts to return a Liberal MHA in the 2007 election.

The district was abolished in 2015, and was succeeded by the new district of Harbour Grace-Port de Grave.
Chris Steele-Perkins
Christopher Horace Steele-Perkins (28 July 1947 – 8 September 2025) was a British photographer and member of Magnum Photos, best known for his depictions of Africa, Afghanistan, England, Northern Ireland, and Japan.

Aberystwyth Arts Centre
Aberystwyth Arts Centre (Welsh: Canolfan y Celfyddydau Aberystwyth) is an arts centre in Wales, located on Aberystwyth University's Penglais campus. One of the largest in Wales, it comprises a theatre (312 seats), concert hall (1,250 seats), studio (80 seats) and cinema (125 seats), as well as four gallery spaces and cafés, bars, and shops.
Ali Alwi
Drs. Kyai Hajji Habib Ali Alwi bin Thohir Al Husainy (Arabic: علي علوي بن طاهر الحسيني, romanized: ‘Alī ʻAlwī bin Ṭāhir al-Ḥusayny, Arabic pronunciation: [ʕaliː ʕlwieː bin tˤ:hir al‿ħuˈsajniː]; born 2 September 1967) is an Indonesian politician, da'i, Islamic scholar and founder of the Pondok Pesantren Modern Al-Husainy, Serpong, South Tangerang, Banten. At the election of regional head and deputy regional head of Tangerang Regency in 2008, Alwi was nominated by the Democrat Party and the National Awakening Party as a candidate for vice regent along with Usamah Hisyam as a candidate for regent, but this pair was defeated by incumbent candidate Ismet Iskandar with Rano Karno as his deputy. Currently, Alwi serves as a senator representing the province of Banten in the Regional Representative Council.

Kyai
A kyai (/kjaɪ/ KYEYE) is used to greet respected people, or as a term for sacred objects or heirlooms. It is generally used to refer to an expert in Islam. This denomination is usually used among the ethnic Javanese people.
John Benson (Minnesota politician)
John H. Benson (born July 30, 1943) is a Minnesota politician and former member of the Minnesota House of Representatives. A member of the Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party (DFL), he represented District 44B, which includes portions of western Hennepin County in the Twin Cities metropolitan area.

Hennepin County, Minnesota
Hennepin County (/ˈhɛnəpɪn/ HEN-ə-pin) is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,281,565, and was estimated to be 1,273,334 in 2024, making it the most populous county in Minnesota and the 34th-most populous county in the United States. Its county seat is Minneapolis, the most populous city in Minnesota and the 46th-most populous city in the United States. The county is named for the 17th-century explorer Louis Hennepin. It extends from Minneapolis to the suburbs and outlying cities in the western part of the county. Its natural areas are covered by extensive woods, hills, and lakes. It contains over 21.98% of the state's population. It is included in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul–Bloomington metropolitan statistical area.
Silent Shout Tour
The Silent Shout Tour was the debut concert tour by Swedish electronic music duo the Knife in support of their album Silent Shout.

The concert in Trädgår'n, Gothenburg, Sweden was recorded in 5.1 surround sound and released on DVD as Silent Shout: An Audio Visual Experience.

5.1 surround sound
5.1 surround sound ("five-point one") is the common name for surround sound audio systems. 5.1 is the most commonly used layout in home theatres. It uses five full-bandwidth channels and one low-frequency effects channel (the "point one"). Dolby Digital, Dolby Pro Logic II, DTS, and SDDS are all common 5.1 systems. 5.1 is also the standard surround sound audio component of digital broadcast and music.

All 5.1 systems use the same speaker channels and configuration, having a front left (FL) and front right (FR), a center channel (CNT), two surround channels (surround left - SL and surround right - SR) and the low-frequency effects (LFE) channel designed for a subwoofer.
24 Preludes (Shostakovich)
The 24 Preludes, Op. 34 is a set of short piano pieces written and premiered by Dmitri Shostakovich in 1933. They are arranged following the circle of fifths, with one prelude in each major and minor key.

Circle of fifths
In music theory, the circle of fifths (sometimes also cycle of fifths) is a way of organizing the pitches of the chromatic scale as a cycle of perfect fifths.

Starting on a C, and using the standard system of tuning for Western music (12-tone equal temperament), the sequence is: C, G, D, A, E, B, F♯/G♭, C♯/D♭, G♯/A♭, D♯/E♭, A♯/B♭, F, and C. This order places the most closely related key signatures adjacent to one another.

Twelve-tone equal temperament tuning divides each octave into twelve equivalent semitones, and the circle of fifths leads to a C seven octaves above the starting point. If the fifths are tuned with an exact frequency ratio of 3:2 (the system of tuning known as just intonation), this is not the case (the circle does not "close").
Destiny (Saxon album)
Destiny is the ninth studio album by English heavy metal band Saxon, released in March 1988. It is also the only studio album to feature the rhythm section of drummer Nigel Durham (later in Oliver/Dawson Saxon and Morpheus Rising) and bassist Paul Johnson (former Heritage, later in U.S.I. and Demon) on it.

Demon (band)
Demon is an English heavy metal band, formed in 1979 by vocalist Dave Hill and guitarist Mal Spooner, both hailing from Leek, Staffordshire. The band is considered important to the new wave of British heavy metal movement.
Argument from religious experience
The argument from religious experience is an argument for the existence of God. It holds that the best explanation for religious experiences is that they constitute genuine experience or perception of a divine reality. Various reasons have been offered for and against accepting this contention.

Contemporary defenders of the argument are Richard Swinburne, William Alston, Alvin Plantinga, and Alister Hardy.

The Varieties of Religious Experience
The Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study in Human Nature is a book by Harvard University psychologist and philosopher William James. It comprises his edited Gifford Lectures on natural theology, which were delivered at the University of Edinburgh, Scotland, between 1901 and 1902. The lectures concerned the psychological study of individual private religious experiences and mysticism, and used a range of examples to identify commonalities in religious experiences across traditions.

Soon after its publication, Varieties entered the Western canon of psychology and philosophy and has remained in print for over a century.

James later developed his philosophy of pragmatism. There are many overlapping ideas in Varieties and his 1907 book Pragmatism.
Edoardo Tiretta
Count Edoardo Tiretta (August 1731 – 15 March 1809),  often anglicized to Edward Tiretta, was a Venetian nobleman, architect and landowner. Part of Giacomo Casanova's set in Paris, he moved to Calcutta in his forties, where he worked as a civil architect, building superintendent and land surveyor. He notably built Tiretta Bazaar, which became India's first Chinatown.

Chinatown
Chinatown (Chinese: 唐人街) is a common term used to describe an ethnic enclave of Chinese people located outside of Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan, typically situated in an urban area. Chinatowns can be found around the world, including in Europe, Asia, Africa, Oceania, and the Americas. The history of Chinatowns date back to the Tang dynasty in the 10th century, arising from the nation's important role in global trade.

Binondo in Manila, established in 1594, is recognized as the world's oldest standing Chinatown. Notable early examples outside Asia include San Francisco's Chinatown in the United States and Melbourne's Chinatown in Australia, which were founded in the early 1850s during the California and Victoria gold rushes, respectively. A more modern example, in Montville, Connecticut, was caused by the displacement of Chinese workers in New York's Manhattan Chinatown following the September 11th attacks in 2001.
Cypriot
Cypriot (in older sources often "Cypriote") refers to someone or something of, from, or related to the country of Cyprus.

Cypriot people, or of Cypriot descent; this includes: 
Armenian Cypriots
Greek Cypriots
Maronite Cypriots
Turkish Cypriots

Cypriot dialect (disambiguation), the dialects being spoken by Cypriots

Cypriot syllabary, the ancient syllabic writing system of Cyprus, in use 1100–300 BCE

Cypriot cuisine

Cypriot cuisine
Cypriot cuisine is the cuisine of the island of Cyprus. The cuisine of Cyprus is heavily influenced by neighboring countries like Turkey and Greece. It also has Mediterranean influences because of its position in the Mediterranean Sea, including from countries in the Levant. Halloumi, a staple of the cuisine, traces its name to Arabic.
Membakut District
Membakut District (Malay: Daerah Membakut, Dusun: Pogun Membakut) is an administrative district in the Malaysian state of Sabah, part of the Interior Division. The Membakut railway station is a stop for Sabah State Railway.

Sabah State Railway
Sabah State Railway (Malay: Jabatan Keretapi Negeri Sabah) is a railway system and operator in the state of Sabah in Malaysia. It is the only rail transport system operating on the island of Borneo. The railway consists of a single 134-kilometre line from Tanjung Aru, Kota Kinabalu in West Coast Division to the town of Tenom, in the Interior Division. It was formerly known as North Borneo Railway.
Samuel Lindqvist
Samuel Lindqvist (10 June 1889 – 24 March 1937) was a Swedish international footballer and football manager.

Representing Djurgården 1906–11, Samuel Lindqvist played in the Svenska Mästerskapet finals 1906, 1909 and 1910 with the team but never won. Lindqvist debuted for Sweden on 11 September 1910 in a friendly against Norway on Frogner stadion, which was his only appearance for the national team.

He was Djurgårdens IF manager in 1929–32 and in 1932–34 together with Putte Kock.

Samuel Lindqvist also played bowling with Djurgårdens IF and won several national titles in the 1920s.

Svenska Mästerskapet
Svenska Mästerskapet was a Swedish football competition held as a cup to decide the Swedish Champions between 1896 and 1925. It was held during a short period, and all games were often played in either Gothenburg or Stockholm. For many years only teams from Gothenburg and Stockholm participated.

The Swedish Championship knockout competition was last played in 1925. The 1924–1925 season saw the start of the nationwide league Allsvenskan, and from the 1930–1931 season the Allsvenskan winners have been crowned Swedish Champions, except for the years 1982–1990 when Allsvenskan was followed by the Swedish Championship Playoffs and 1991 and 1992 when Allsvenskan was followed by Mästerskapsserien, both to determine the Swedish Champions.
2-8-4
Under the Whyte notation, a 2-8-4 is a steam locomotive that has two unpowered leading wheels, followed by eight coupled and powered  driving wheels, and four trailing wheels. This locomotive type is most often referred to as a Berkshire, though the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway used the name Kanawha for their 2-8-4s. In Europe, this wheel arrangement was mostly seen in mainline passenger express locomotives and, in certain countries, in tank locomotives.

Leading wheel
The leading wheel, or leading axle or pilot wheel, of a steam locomotive is an unpowered wheel or axle located in front of the driving wheels. The axle or axles of the leading wheels are normally located on a leading truck. Leading wheels are used to help the locomotive negotiate curves and to support the front portion of the boiler.
Michel Sitjar
Michel Sitjar (13 September 1942 – 10 June 2019) was an international rugby union and rugby league player for France and played club rugby for Agen. He also tried rugby league for a year in XIII Catalan after brutally stopping his career at 28. Sitjar played as a flanker and won three Brennus Shields with the Sporting Union Agenais (1962, 1965 and 1966).

In 2008 he published his first collection of poems (Rugby & Poésie), followed by the second one Rugby & Poésie, deuxième mi-temps two years later.

Sitjar committed suicide by gunshot at his home in Lamagistère on June 10, 2019.

Bouclier de Brennus
The Bouclier de Brennus (French pronunciation: [buklie də bʁenys]), or Brennus Shield in English, is a trophy awarded annually to the French rugby union club that wins the domestic league.

The shield was not named, as it is often believed, after the famous Gallic warrior Brennus but rather artist Charles Brennus, co-founder of the Union des sociétés françaises de sports athlétiques (USFSA), the original governing body of rugby union in France. Charles Brennus sculpted the shield himself in 1892, based on an original design from his friend and fellow USFSA co-founder Pierre de Coubertin, the man who founded the modern Olympic Games.

Standing 1 metre (3.3 ft) high, 75 centimetres (2.46 ft) wide and weighing around 20 kilograms (44 lb), the trophy consists of a brass shield and plaque both fixed on a wooden support made of ash. An integral part of French sporting folklore, the Brennus Shield is one of the most recognisable trophies in France.
K. B. Reid
Kenneth Brooks Reid, Jr. is a graph theorist and the founder faculty (Head 1989) professor at California State University, San Marcos (CSUSM). He specializes in combinatorial mathematics. He is known for his work in tournaments, frequency partitions and aspects of voting theory. He is known (with E. T. Parker) on a disproof of a conjecture on tournaments by Erdős and Moser.

He received his Ph.D. on a dissertation called "Structure in Finite Graphs" from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 1968, his advisor was E. T. Parker. Reid is a professor emeritus at Louisiana State University (1968–1989) and has guided students for their Ph.D.s at Baton Rouge.

He is a professor emeritus at CSUSM.

California State University, San Marcos
California State University San Marcos (CSUSM or Cal State San Marcos) is a public university in San Marcos, California, United States. It was founded in 1989 as the 21st campus in the California State University (CSU) system.

CSUSM offers 43 bachelor's degree programs, 24 master's degree programs, 8 credential programs, and 1 joint doctoral with the University of California, San Diego.

CSUSM is accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges (WASC) and also Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET). The university had a total undergraduate enrollment of 15,431 students in fall 2024. In 2024, the university had 284 tenured faculty. The Cal State San Marcos Cougars compete in NCAA Division II as a member of the California Collegiate Athletic Association.
A Thing of Beauty
A Thing of Beauty is a novel by author A. J. Cronin, initially published in 1956, with the alternate title of Crusader's Tomb. It tells the story of Stephen Desmonde, an English painter who struggles for recognition in a conventional world, sacrificing everything for his passion for art.  The title is a reference to John Keats' 1818 poem, Endymion, which begins with "A thing of beauty is a joy for ever."

Endymion (poem)
Endymion is a poem by John Keats first published in 1818 by Taylor and Hessey of Fleet Street in London. John Keats dedicated this poem to the late poet Thomas Chatterton. The poem begins with the line "A thing of beauty is a joy for ever". Endymion is written in rhyming couplets in iambic pentameter (also known as heroic couplets). Keats based the poem on the Greek myth of Endymion, the shepherd beloved of the moon goddess Selene. The poem elaborates on the original story and renames Selene "Cynthia" (an alternative name for Artemis).
History of the Hebrew alphabet
The Hebrew alphabet is a script that was derived from the Aramaic alphabet during the Persian, Hellenistic and Roman periods (c. 500 BCE – 50 CE). It replaced the Paleo-Hebrew alphabet which was used in the earliest epigraphic records of the Hebrew language.

Western Neo-Aramaic
Western Neo-Aramaic (ܐܰܪܳܡܰܝ, arōmay, "Aramaic"), also referred to as Siryon (ܣܪܝܘܢ, siryōn, "Syriac"), is a modern variety of the Western Aramaic branch consisting of three closely related dialects. Today, it is spoken by Christian and Muslim Arameans (Syriacs) in only two villages— Maaloula and Jubb'adin (and until recently, Bakhʽa)—in the Anti-Lebanon mountains of western Syria. Bakhʽa was vastly destroyed during the Syrian civil war and most of the community fled to other parts of Syria or Lebanon. Western Neo-Aramaic is believed to be the closest living language to the language of Jesus, whose first language, according to scholarly consensus, was Galilean Aramaic belonging to the Western branch as well; all other remaining Neo-Aramaic languages are Eastern Aramaic.
Steffen Roth
Steffen Roth (born 8 August 1976 in Würzburg) is an academic and author on management, economics, and sociology. He is currently a Full Professor of Management at La Rochelle Business School and a Visiting Fellow of Wolfson College, University of Cambridge.

Excelia Group
Excelia is a French Grande école, a specialized top-level institution of higher education. Created in 1988 as Groupe Sup de Co La Rochelle, it is a private non-profit organisation linked to the La Rochelle Chamber of Commerce and Industry (CCI) and a member of the Conférence des Grandes Écoles. Excelia Group's Business School belongs to the approximately 100 business schools worldwide (corresponding to roughly 1% of all business school) holding a triple accreditation.
Terskey Alatoo
The Teskey Alatoo or Teskei Ala-Too (Kyrgyz: Тескей Ала-Тоо, IPA: [tʰeskʰéɪ ɑɫɑtʰóː]), often still known by its Russian name Terskey Alatau (Терскей-Алатау), is a mountain range in the Tian Shan mountains in Kyrgyzstan. It stretches south and southeast of Lake Issyk-Kul, from the river Joon-Aryk near Kochkor in the west to the far northeastern part of Kyrgyzstan. The length of the range is 354 km and its width is 40 km. Its highest peak is Karakol Peak (5,216 m). Another high peak is Boris Yeltsin Peak (5,168 m).

Joon-Aryk
The Joon-Aryk (Kyrgyz: Жоон-Арык) is a river in Kochkor District of Naryn Region of Kyrgyzstan. It is formed by confluence of Kara-Kujur and Telek rivers.  It is 34.8 kilometres (21.6 mi) long, and has a drainage basin of 1,340 square kilometres (520 sq mi). Its average annual discharge is 11.4 cubic meters per second. The Chu is formed by the confluence of Kochkor and Joon Aryk near the village Kochkor.
Nathan Apea Aferi
Major General Nathan Apea Aferi (September 1923 – 8 April 2003) was a soldier and politician in Ghana. He was a former Chief of the Defence Staff of Ghana. He also served briefly as Foreign Minister of Ghana.

Chief of the Defence Staff (Ghana)
The Chief of the Defence Staff (CDS) is the professional head of the Ghana Armed Forces. He is thus responsible for the administration and the operational control and command of the Ghana military.  The CDS is a member of the Armed Forces Council. This council advice the President of Ghana on matters of policy relating to defence and also regulates the administration of the Armed Forces. It also advises the President on the promotion of all officers above the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel or its equivalent.

The CDS is appointed by the President, in consultation with the Council of State of Ghana.

The current CDS is Major General William Agyapong. He was appointed by John Mahama in March 2025.