hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Invasion of South Georgia
The invasion of South Georgia, also known as the Battle of Grytviken or Operation Georgias, took place on 3 April 1982, when Argentine Navy forces seized control of the east coast of South Georgia after overpowering a small group of Royal Marines at Grytviken. Though outnumbered, the Royal Marines shot down a helicopter and hit the Argentine corvette ARA Guerrico several times before being forced to surrender. It was one of the first episodes of the Falklands War, immediately succeeding the invasion on the Falkland Islands the day before.

The operation had been prepared on 19 March, when a group of Argentine civilian scrap metal workers arrived at Leith Harbour on board the transport ship ARA Bahía Buen Suceso without the required landing clearance and then raised the Argentine flag. The scrap workers had been infiltrated by Argentine marines posing as civilian scientists.

Argentine Navy
The Argentine Navy (ARA; Spanish: Armada de la República Argentina) is the navy of Argentina. It is one of the three branches of the Armed Forces of the Argentine Republic, together with the Army and the Air Force.

The Argentine Navy day is celebrated on May 17, anniversary of the victory in 1814 at the Battle of Montevideo over the Spanish fleet during the war of Independence.
Pragma (album)
Pragma: New Works is a 1998 solo album by English experimental music composer and performer Tim Hodgkinson. It is his third solo album, after Each in Our Own Thoughts (1994), and comprises six pieces composed by Hodgkinson and recorded between 1996 and 1998. The album was released on CD in 1998 by Recommended Records in the United Kingdom.

Recommended Records
Recommended Records (RēR) is a British independent record label and distribution network founded by Chris Cutler with Nick Hobbs in March 1978. RēR features largely "Rock in Opposition" and related music, but it also distributes selected music released on other independent labels.

In 1982 Cutler established November Books, the publishing wing of Recommended Records, and between 1985 and 1997, Recommended Records and November Books published RēR Quarterly, a "quarterly" sound-magazine edited by Cutler.

In 1989 Recommended Records became known as RēR Megacorp with a turnover of £180,000 in 1994.
Krier
Krier is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Andrew W.K. (born 1979), American singer, multi-instrumentalist, songwriter, record producer

Antoine Krier (1897–1983), Luxembourgish politician

Cyndi Taylor Krier (born 1950), American politician

Herman Krier, American engineer

Jacques Krier (1926–2008), French television producer and director, novelist

James E. Krier, American legal scholar

Léon Krier (1946–2025), Luxembourgish architect, city planner and author; brother of Rob

Pierre Krier (1885–1947), Luxembourgish politician

Rob Krier (1938–2023), Luxembourgish architect, city planner and author; brother of Léon

Tony Krier (1906–1994), Luxembourgish photographer

Tony Krier
Tony (Antoine) Krier (1906–1994) was a Luxembourgish photographer who worked as a photojournalist for the Luxemburger Wort, a daily newspaper. He was also court photographer for the Grand Ducal Family of Luxembourg. He is remembered for his touristic photographs of Luxembourg City and of the country as a whole.

His publications include: Le Souverain et son peuple (1965), Les Châteaux historiques du Luxembourg (1975) and La Vie d'une grande dame (1986).
High-Opp
High-Opp is a science fiction novel  by American writer Frank Herbert, written between The Dragon in the Sea (1956) and Dune (1965), and published posthumously in 2012. It contains a foreword by Kevin J. Anderson, who co-authored many books in the Dune series with Frank Herbert's son, Brian Herbert.

Though the novel was never published in Herbert's lifetime, some elements of the story were used in his 1977 novel The Dosadi Experiment, sometimes word-for-word.

Brian Herbert
Brian Patrick Herbert (born June 29, 1947) is an American author, known for his work on the Dune franchise, which was created by his father, Frank Herbert.

Brian Herbert's novels include Sidney's Comet, Prisoners of Arionn, Man of Two Worlds (written with his father), and Sudanna Sudanna. In 2003, Herbert wrote a biography of his father titled Dreamer of Dune: The Biography of Frank Herbert. The younger Herbert has edited the Songs of Muad'dib and the Notebooks of Frank Herbert's Dune. Herbert created a concordance for the Dune universe based on his father's notes, though, according to the younger Herbert, there are no immediate plans to publish it.  He has written several comic books with Kevin J. Anderson based on Dune novels and short stories.
Gurpartap Singh Wadala
Gurpartap Singh Wadala  is an Indian politician and belongs to the Shiromani Akali Dal. He is a member of Punjab Legislative Assembly and represents Nakodar. He is son of former Akali MLA Kuldip Singh Wadala.

Shiromani Akali Dal
The Shiromani Akali Dal (SAD) (translation: Supreme Eternal Party) is a centre-right Sikh-centric state political party in Punjab, India. The party is the second-oldest in India, after Congress, being founded in 1920. Although there are many parties with the description Akali Dal, the party that is recognised as "Shiromani Akali Dal" by the Election Commission of India is the one led by Sukhbir Singh Badal. The party has a moderate Punjabi agenda. On 26 September 2020, it left the National Democratic Alliance over the farm bills.
Dasht-e Naomid
Dasht-e Naomid (Persian: دشت ناامید), also Dasht-e Namid, Dasht-e Namadī, or Dasht-e Nāomīd, is a desert in Central Asia, on the Afghanistan-Iran border. It can also be considered part of the Dasht-e Kavir, a large desert in Iran. It occupies a broad intermontane depression east of the East Iranian Mountains. It is partly flooded by the Farah River and its tributaries. The surface is made up of clayey and solonchak plains with desert vegetation. Wormwood and saltwort groupings predominate, with thinned-out black-saksaul thickets in some places. Along the East Iranian Mountains is a strip of steppes. There is transhumant sheep raising and camel raising.

Artemisia absinthium
Artemisia absinthium, otherwise known as common wormwood, is a species of Artemisia native to North Africa and temperate regions of Eurasia, and widely naturalized in Canada and the northern United States. It is grown as an ornamental plant and is used as an ingredient in the spirit absinthe and some other alcoholic beverages.
Godavari Loya Boggugani Karmika Sangham
The Godavari Loya Boggugani Karmika Sangham is a trade union in the Singareni coal fields in Andhra Pradesh, India. The union is affiliated to the Indian Federation of Trade Unions. Politically, it is aligned with the Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) New Democracy.

GLBKS polled 12,694 votes in the 1998 SCCL union representative election, finishing in fourth place. In the 2001 election GLBKS came third with 14,882 votes, contesting on a joint list with the All India Federation of Trade Unions. GLBKS won the election in two out of 13 divisions, Ramagundem I and Ramagundem II. After the 2001 union election, GLBKS gained representative status at area level.

In 2003 several key GLBKS leaders defected to the Communist Party of India (Marxist), including its state president Bojja Bixamaiah, vice president Y. Yakaiah and secretary B Pandu.

GLBKS is part of the Joint Action Committee, a coalition of unions at the Singareni coal fields.

All India Federation of Trade Unions
All India Federation of Trade Unions, a central trade union federation in India. AIFTU was launched in 1992, as the trade union wing of Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Janashakti. Following the breakdown of CPI (ML) Janashakti into various splinter groups and the withdrawal of many of them from open mass work, AIFTU declined. An attempt to reorganization was made, and the federation has been reconstructed under the leadership of the president P. K. Murthy and general secretary Burgula Pradeep, who had been elected by the 1992 founding conference. This AIFTU is today not affiliated with any specific political party. There are also some minor splinter groups using the name.

In Telugu the AIFTU is known as అఖిల భరత కార్మిక సంఘాల సమాఖ్య (Akhila Bharata Karmika Sanghala Samakya).

AIFTU protested against Central government's plan to raise working hours from 8 to 12.
West Rügen Bodden
The West Rügen Bodden (German: Westrügener Bodden or Rügenschen Außenboddenkette) are a string of lagoons and embayments, known as bodden, in Western Pomerania on the Baltic Sea coast. They lie in the Western Pomerania Lagoon Area National Park west and southwest of the island of Rügen, and east and southeast of Hiddensee.

The individual lagoons or bodden that make up the West Rügen Bodden are the:

Vitter Bodden

Schaproder Bodden

Udarser Wiek

Kubitzer Bodden

(listed from north to south; several smaller linking waterbodies are not mentioned)

Hiddensee
Hiddensee (German pronunciation: [ˈhɪdn̩zeː] ⓘ) is a car-free island in the Baltic Sea, located west of Germany's largest island, Rügen, on the German coast.

The island has about 1,000 inhabitants. It was a holiday destination for East German tourists during German Democratic Republic (GDR) times, and continues to attract tourists today. It is the location of the University of Greifswald's ornithological station. Gerhart Hauptmann and Walter Felsenstein are buried there.
Michel Vion
Michel Vion (born 22 October 1959 in Moûtiers) is a French alpine skier and world champion. He competed in three events at the 1984 Winter Olympics.

Vion became a world champion in the combined event in Schladming in 1982. He finished 5th in combined at the world championships in Bormio in 1985. Also in 1985, Vion won the "Lauberhorn Combined" World Cup Race. - Since 2010, he is the president of the French Skiing Federation.

He was appointed Secretary-General of the International Ski Federation in June 2021. In 2022, Vion opposed the decision of the Norwegian Ski Federation to refuse the participation of Russian and Belarusian skiers in World Cup events during the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

Bormio
Bormio (Lombard: Bormi, Romansh: Buormⓘ, German: Worms im Veltlintal) is a town and comune with a population of about 4,100 located in the Province of Sondrio, Lombardy region of the Alps in northern Italy.

The centre of the upper Valtellina valley, it is a popular winter sports resort. It was the site of the Alpine World Ski Championships in 1985 and 2005, and annually hosts the Alpine Ski World Cup. In addition to modern skiing facilities, the town is noted for the presence of several hot springs that have been tapped to provide water to three thermal baths.
Kelli Stanley
Kelli Stanley (born 1964) is an American author of mystery-thrillers. The majority of her published fiction is written in the genres of historical crime fiction and noir. Her best known  work, the Miranda Corbie series, is set in San Francisco, her adoptive hometown.

Shamus Award
The Shamus Award is awarded by the Private Eye Writers of America (PWA) for the best detective fiction (P. I. = Private investigator) genre novels and short stories of the year.

The Prize is given annually to recognize outstanding achievement in private eye fiction. Starting in 2003, the Shamus Awards are sometimes (2003, 2007–2009, 2011–2016) announced during the Bouchercon World Mystery Convention, at the convention's PWA Awards Banquet.
Leonardo da Vinci (Isaacson book)
Leonardo da Vinci is a 2017 biography of Italian polymath Leonardo da Vinci. The book was written by Walter Isaacson, a journalist, biographer and former executive at CNN and president of the Aspen Institute.

Aspen Institute
The Aspen Institute is an international nonprofit organization founded in 1949 as the Aspen Institute for Humanistic Studies. It is headquartered in Washington, D.C., but also has a campus in Aspen, Colorado, its original home.

Its stated mission is to "drive change through dialogue, leadership, and action to help solve the greatest challenges of our time". The Aspen Institute’s work focuses on many sectors including business, education, communications, energy and environment, health, security and international affairs.
The Golden Cangue
The Golden Cangue (金鎖記) is a 1943 Chinese novella by Eileen Chang. The author's own English translation appeared in the anthology Modern Chinese Stories and Novellas: 1919–1949 (1981) published by Columbia University Press. Fu Lei was an enthusiastic critic of the story, while C. T. Hsia considered it "the greatest novelette in the history of Chinese literature". Later the story was rewritten as the novel The Rouge of the North (怨女).

C. T. Hsia
Hsia Chih-tsing (Chinese: 夏志清; January 11, 1921 – December 29, 2013), or C. T. Hsia, was a Chinese historian and literary theorist. He contributed to the introduction of modern Chinese literature to the Western world by promoting the works of once marginalized writers in the 1960s. Today, C. T. Hsia is considered one of the most important critics of Chinese literature.
Tertiary source
A tertiary source is an index or textual consolidation of already published primary and secondary sources that does not provide additional interpretations or analysis of the sources. Some tertiary sources can be used as an aid to find key (seminal) sources, key terms, general common knowledge and established mainstream science on a topic. The exact definition of tertiary varies by academic field.

Academic research standards generally do not accept tertiary sources such as encyclopedias as citations, although survey articles are frequently cited rather than the original publication.

Common knowledge
Common knowledge is knowledge that is publicly known by everyone or nearly everyone, usually with reference to the community in which the knowledge is referenced.  Common knowledge can be about a broad range of subjects, such as science, literature, history, or entertainment. Since individuals often have different knowledge bases, common knowledge can vary and it may sometimes take large-scale studies to know for certain what is common knowledge amongst large groups of people. Often, common knowledge does not need to be cited. Common knowledge is distinct from general knowledge.

In broader terms, common knowledge is used to refer to information that an agent would accept as valid, such as information that multiple users may know. Assigning something the label of common knowledge requires certain considerations about the involved community, group, society and/or individuals, the time period, and the location.
Wally Dempsey
Walter Dempsey (born January 9, 1944) was an American professional football player who played for the Saskatchewan Roughriders and BC Lions. He won the Grey Cup with Saskatchewan in 1966. He played college football at Washington State University. After his CFL career, Dempsey also had a brief career in the World Football League with the Memphis Southmen and Philadelphia Bell. After his retirement from football, he owned and operated a construction company in Sacramento, California.

Memphis Southmen
The Memphis Southmen, also known as the Memphis Grizzlies, were an American football team based in Memphis, Tennessee. They played in the World Football League (WFL), which operated in 1974 and 1975. They played their home games at Liberty Bowl Memorial Stadium.
Gate Keepers
Gate Keepers (ゲートキーパーズ, Gēto Kīpāzu) is a tactical role-playing game developed by Entertainment Software Publishing and published by Kadokawa Shoten for the PlayStation. The game was then adapted into a manga series written by Hiroshi Yamaguchi and drawn by Keiji Gotoh and an anime series produced by Gonzo, and first aired on April 3, 2000. A six episode original video animation (OVA) sequel, Gate Keepers 21, was released in 2002. The main characters in the OVA sequel were the next generation of Gate Keepers.

All Gate Keepers series follow the same basic premise and share most of their characters, with some major discrepancies (mainly involving the character Reiji Kageyama). A character from the game, Francine Allumage is completely absent from the anime. Another character from the game Misao Sakamori, was replaced in the anime with the new original character Megumi Kurogane (though Misao does make a guest appearance towards the end of the anime).

Patricia Ja Lee
Patricia Ja Lee is an American actress. She is best known for her roles of Cassie Chan, the Pink Ranger on the television series Power Rangers Turbo and Power Rangers in Space, and as the voice and motion capture actress for Jill Valentine in numerous entries in the Resident Evil franchise of video games. She also portrayed Haruhi Suzumiya in the first season of ASOS Brigade, a series of live-action videos to promote the show.

Aside from her on screen roles, Lee also did voicework in many English dubbed adaptations of Japanese anime.
Living Legends (charity)
Living Legends (Living Legends – The International Home of Rest for Champion Horses Incorporated) is a nonprofit equine charity located at 207 Oaklands Road in Woodlands Homestead at Woodlands Historic Park in Greenvale near Melbourne, Australia. Opened to the public on 31 October 2006, the organization's primary activity is bringing champion and popular gelding racehorses back to the people; but it also supports the care of older horses, equine research, education and training to benefit horses of any age or breed.

Modelled on The Horse Trust in Speen, Buckinghamshire, England, Living Legends is a charitable organisation which relies on private and corporate donations and sponsorships.

Speen, Buckinghamshire
Speen is a village in the Chiltern Hills, an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, situated in the civil parish of Lacey Green, in Buckinghamshire, England.

The centre of the village (depicted by the village sign) is 3 miles (5 km) south-east of Princes Risborough, and 5 miles (8.0 km) north of High Wycombe. The village is a short distance from Hampden House, originally owned by John Hampden and a further distance from Chequers, the country residence of the Prime Minister.

The village has an annual fete which is usually held on the first weekend of July and a bi-annual arts festival which consists of entertainment shows, a theatre production and general activities on Speen Playing Field.
Hosh al-Basha
Hosh al-Basha (Arabic: حوش الباشا, romanized: hawsh al-basha, lit. 'courtyard of the pasha'), also Hosh el-Basha, Hawsh al-Basha, or Hosh el-Pasha), is a mausoleum of the royal family of Muhammad Ali Pasha at road al-Imam Al-Shafi‘i in the Southern Cemetery of Cairo, Egypt.

Al-Shafi'i
Al-Shafi'i (Arabic: الشَّافِعِيّ, romanized: al-Shāfiʿī; IPA: [a(l) ʃaːfiʕiː] ⓘ;767–820 CE) was a Muslim scholar, jurist, muhaddith, traditionist, theologian, ascetic, and eponym of the Shafi'i school of Sunni Islamic jurisprudence. He is known to be the first to write a book upon the  principles of Islamic jurisprudence, having authored one of the earliest work on the subject: al-Risala. His legacy and teaching on the matter provided it with a systematic form, thereby "fundamentally influencing the succeeding generations which are under his direct and obvious impact,": 270  and "beginning a new phase of the development of legal theory.": 239–273

Born in Gaza, Palestine, to the Banu Muttalib clan of the Quraysh tribe, he relocated at the age of two and was raised in Mecca. He later resided in Medina, Yemen, Baghdad in Iraq, and Egypt, and also served as a judge for some time in Najran.
Calopadia granulosa
Calopadia granulosa is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Ectolechiaceae. Found in Brazil, it was formally described as a new species in 2014 by lichenologists André Aptroot and Marcela Cáceres. The type specimen was collected by the authors from the Parque Natural Municipal de Porto Velho (Rondônia), where it was found growing on the smooth bark of a tree in a park near a rainforest. The thallus of the lichen consists of a crust of pale greyish-green granules that lacks a prothallus. Its ascospores, which number one per ascus, are hyaline, ellipsoid, and muriform. They measure 33–38 by 10.5–13.0 μm; these are among the smallest ascospores found in the genus Calopadia.

Prothallus
A prothallus, or prothallium, (from Latin pro = forwards and Greek θαλλος (thallos) = twig) is usually the gametophyte stage in the life of a fern or other pteridophyte. Occasionally, the term is also used to describe the young gametophyte of a liverwort or peat moss as well. In lichens, it refers to the region of the thallus that is free of algae.

The prothallus develops from a germinating spore. It is a short-lived and inconspicuous heart-shaped structure typically 2–5 millimeters wide, with a number of rhizoids (root-like hairs) growing underneath, and the sex organs: archegonium (female) and antheridium (male). Appearance varies quite a lot between species. Some are green and conduct photosynthesis while others are colorless and nourish themselves underground as saprotrophs.
Crow (Australian Aboriginal mythology)
In Australian Aboriginal religion and mythology, Crow is a trickster, culture hero and ancestral being. In the Kulin nation in central Victoria he is known as Waang (also Wahn or Waa) and is regarded as one of two moiety ancestors, the other being the more sombre eaglehawk Bunjil.  Legends relating to Crow have been observed in various Aboriginal language groups and cultures across Australia.

Australian Aboriginal kinship systems
Aboriginal Australian kinship comprises the systems of Aboriginal customary law governing social interaction relating to kinship in traditional Aboriginal cultures. It is an integral part of the culture of every Aboriginal group across Australia, and particularly important with regard to marriages between Aboriginal people.
Lega (surname)
Lega is the surname of:

Achille Lega (1899–1934), Italian painter

David Lega (born 1973), Swedish politician and paralympic swimmer

Giulio Lega (1892–1973), Italian World War I flying ace

Joceline Lega, French applied mathematician

Mario Lega (born 1949), Italian motorcyclist

Mario Lega (athlete) (born 1957), Italian long jumoer

Michele Lega (1860–1935), cardinal

Silvestro Lega (1826–1895), Italian painter

Silvio Lega (1945–2021), Italian politician

Silvio Lega
Silvio Lega (4 February 1945 – 24 April 2021) was an Italian politician from the Christian Democracy party who served as member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1983 to 1994.

Lega died from COVID-19 at the age of 76 in 2021.
Santiam Christian School
Santiam Christian Schools is a private pre K-12 Christian school in Adair Village, Oregon, United States.

Opened in 1979, the school has been accredited through the Northwest Accreditation Commission since 1993, and the Association of Christian Schools International.

Northwest Accreditation Commission
The Northwest Accreditation Commission (NWAC), formerly named the Northwest Association of Accredited Schools, is a non-governmental organization that provides accreditation to educational institutions in the Northwestern United States. The Commission accredits K–12, elementary, middle, and high schools; those offering distance education; non- degree-granting postsecondary institutions; and special purpose, supplementary education, travel education, and trans-regional schools in seven states in the northwestern United States. Formerly an independent entity based in Boise, Idaho, it is now a division of AdvancED.

The commission operates in seven states: Alaska, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, and Washington. Now it operates in India also in collaboration with SERI India. The Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities, which also serves this geographic territory, operates as the postsecondary equivalent of the NWAC.