hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Devapur, Yadgir
Devapur  is a panchayat village in the southern state of Karnataka, India. Administratively, Devapur is under Shorapur Taluka of Yadgir District in Karnataka.  The village of Devapur is 15 km by road west of the village of Sugur and 26 km by road east of the village of Hunasagi. The nearest railhead is in Yadgir.

There are six villages in the gram panchayat: Devapur, Aralhalli, Kagarhal, Kampapur, Mushtalli, and Shalgi.

Hunasagi
Hunasagi (Hunsagi) is a taluk of Yadgir district in the state of Karnataka in India.
A number of early Palaeolithic sites have been found in Hunasagi. Hunasagi is 48 km southwest of the district headquarters, Yadgiri and 33 km from Shorapur. The nearest railhead is in Yadgiri.old name was vikramapura

Some old Stone Age stone cutting equipments have been found and kept in the Hunasagi Grampanchayat office. It looks like a "Mini Museum".
Kungurian
In the geologic timescale, the Kungurian is an age or stage of the Permian. It is the latest or upper of four subdivisions of the Cisuralian Epoch or Series. The Kungurian lasted between 283.3 and 274.4 million years ago (Ma). It was preceded by the Artinskian and followed by the Roadian.

Stage (stratigraphy)
In chronostratigraphy, a stage is a succession of rock strata laid down in a single age on the geologic timescale, which usually represents millions of years of deposition.  A given stage of rock and the corresponding age of time will by convention have the same name, and the same boundaries.

Rock series are divided into stages, just as geological epochs are divided into ages. Stages are divided into smaller stratigraphic units called chronozones or substages, and added together into superstages.

The term faunal stage is sometimes used, referring to the fact that the same fauna (animals) are found throughout the layer (by definition).
Victory garden
Victory gardens, also called war gardens or food gardens for defense, were vegetable, fruit, and herb gardens planted at private residences and public parks in  the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and Germany during World War I and World War II. In wartime, governments encouraged people to plant victory gardens not only to supplement their rations but also to boost morale. They were used along with rationing stamps and cards to reduce pressure on the food supply. Besides indirectly aiding the war effort, these gardens were also considered a civil "morale booster" in that gardeners could feel empowered by their contribution of labor and rewarded by the produce grown. This made victory gardens a part of daily life on the home front.

Morale
Morale (/məˈræl/ mə-RAL, UK also /-ˈrɑːl/ -⁠RAHL) is the capacity of a group's members to maintain belief in an institution or goal, particularly in the face of opposition or hardship. Morale is often referenced by authority figures as a generic value judgment of the willpower, obedience, and self-discipline of a group tasked with performing duties assigned by a superior. According to Alexander H. Leighton, "morale is the capacity of a group of people to pull together persistently and consistently in pursuit of a common purpose". With good morale, a force will be less likely to give up or surrender. Deliberately attempting to reduce another group's morale is called demoralization.  Morale is usually assessed at a collective, rather than an individual level. In wartime, civilian morale is also important.
Zinzi Chabangu
Zinzi Elna Chabangu (born 28 September 1996) is a South African athlete specialising in the triple jump. She won a silver medal at the 2018 African Championships in Asaba with 13.59 metres and a bronze medal at the 2019 African Games with the same result. She's the South African record holder with a jump of 14.02m, this feet happened at Tuks Sports Athletics track March 2020.

2018 African Championships in Athletics
The 21st African Championships in Athletics was held in Asaba, Nigeria from 1 to 5 August 2018 at the Stephen Keshi Stadium. It was the second time that Nigeria hosted this competition. 800 athletes from 52 African countries participated.
Cadbury Old Gold
Old Gold is a brand of dark chocolate in Australia dating back to 1916, now made by Cadbury.

Blocks of the chocolate are produced in "Original" (45% cocoa solids), "Old Jamaica" (Rum & Raisin), ""Roast Almond", "70% Cocoa" and "Peppermint" varieties.

The "Old Gold" brand was established by confectionery company MacRobertson's.

Cocoa solids
Dry cocoa solids are the components of cocoa beans remaining after cocoa butter, the fatty component of the bean, is extracted from chocolate liquor, roasted cocoa beans that have been ground into a liquid state. Cocoa butter is 46% to 57% of the weight of cocoa beans and gives chocolate its characteristic melting properties. Cocoa powder is the powdered form of the dry solids with a small remaining amount of cocoa butter. Untreated cocoa powder is bitter and acidic. Dutch process cocoa has been treated with an alkali to neutralize the acid.

Cocoa powder contains flavanols, amounts of which are reduced if the cocoa is subjected to acid-reducing alkalization.

Other definitions of cocoa solids, especially legal ones, include all cocoa ingredients (cocoa mass, cocoa powder and cocoa butter). In this case, cocoa solids without cocoa butter are specified as non-fat cocoa solids.
Joaquin Pedro Valdes
Joaquin Pedro Valdes is a Filipino stage actor and singer residing in London. He began his career as a child actor and was a member of the boyband 17:28. He has since become known for playing Light in the London  concert production of Death Note: The Musical in 2023.

Frances Mayli McCann
Frances Mayli McCann is a Scottish actress. Known for her work in theatre, she is the recipient of Laurence Olivier and WhatsOnStage Award nominations. Her roles include Bonnie Parker in Bonnie & Clyde and Daisy Buchanan in The Great Gatsby.
Scattering Fork
Scattering Fork is a stream in Audrain County in the U.S. state of Missouri. It is a tributary of the South Fork of the Salt River which it joins approximately four miles southeast of Mexico.

The headwaters arise in southwest Audrian County at 39°07′23″N 92°01′05″W﻿ / ﻿39.12306°N 92.01806°W﻿ / 39.12306; -92.01806 at an elevation of approximately 890 feet. It flows initially northeast then turns to the east-southeast passing under US Route 54 four miles south of Mexico and on to its confluence with the South Fork at 39°06′29″N 91°51′43″W﻿ / ﻿39.10806°N 91.86194°W﻿ / 39.10806; -91.86194 and an elevation of 751 feet.

Scattering Fork was so named on account of its irregular course.

U.S. Route 54
U.S. Route 54 (US 54) is an east–west United States Highway that runs northeast–southwest for 1,197 miles (1,926 km) from El Paso, Texas, to Griggsville, Illinois. The Union Pacific Railroad's Tucumcari Line (former Southern Pacific and Rock Island Lines "Golden State Route") runs parallel to US 54 from El Paso to Pratt, Kansas, which comprises about two-thirds of the route.

The highway's western terminus is in the city of El Paso, near the Mexican border and the eastern terminus is at Interstate 72 (I-72) in Griggsville. The highway is signed North-South in Texas and New Mexico reflecting its directional orientation and East-West the remainder of its course.
Shell Shock (Part II)
"Shell Shock (Part II)" is the seventh episode of the tenth season of the American police procedural drama NCIS and the 217th episode overall. It originally aired on CBS in the United States on November 20, 2012. The episode is written by Gina Monreal and directed by Tom Wright and was seen by 16.47 million viewers.

Gibbs continues to work with Captain Westcott while he retraces his steps in order to help the NCIS team track down a terrorist. With Thanksgiving on the horizon, Abby's enthusiasm for the NCIS family dinner is building and Tony's curiosity is peaking when he learns Ziva is making special plans for the opera.

The episode concludes the plot introduced in "Shell Shock (Part I)".

NCIS season 10
The tenth season of NCIS an American police procedural drama series originally aired on CBS from September 25, 2012, through May 14, 2013. The season was produced by Belisarius Productions and CBS Television Studios.
Fasti of the Gonzagas
The Fasti of the Gonzagas (Fasti gonzagheschi) or Gonzaga Cycle is a 1578–1580 cycle of oil on canvas paintings commissioned from Tintoretto and his workshop by Guglielmo Gonzaga to hang in two of the new rooms he had added to the Palazzo Ducale in Mantua. They celebrate the history of the Gonzaga family, particularly its military triumphs in the 15th and 16th centuries, and remained in the city until being taken to Venice in the early 18th century by the tenth and final Gonzaga duke Ferdinando Carlo Gonzaga. There they were bought in 1708 by Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria for his collection in Munich, where they still hang in the Alte Pinakothek.

Maximilian II Emanuel
Maximilian II (11 July 1662 – 26 February 1726), also known as Max Emanuel or Maximilian Emanuel, was a Wittelsbach ruler of Bavaria and a prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire. He was also the last governor of the Spanish Netherlands and Duke of Luxembourg. An able soldier, his ambition led to conflicts that limited his ultimate dynastic achievements.

He was born in Munich to Ferdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria and Princess Henriette Adelaide of Savoy.
BVP
BVP can refer to:

Basilan Viva Portmasters, a Filipino basketball team

Bavarian People's Party

Bessemer Venture Partners, an American venture capital firm

Boundary value problem

Bo Van Pelt, an American professional golfer

Blood volume pulse

Bavarian People's Party
The Bavarian People's Party (German: Bayerische Volkspartei; BVP) was a principally Catholic Christian democratic political party in Bavaria during the Weimar Republic. After the collapse of the German Empire in 1918, it split away from the federal Centre Party and formed the BVP in order to pursue a conservative and regionalist stance. It dominated in state politics; all Ministers-President from 1920 onwards were from the BVP. In the national Reichstag it remained a minor player with only about three percent of total votes in all elections. The BVP disbanded shortly after the Nazi seizure of power in early 1933. It was not reformed after the war; much of its electorate was absorbed by the new centre-right regionalist Christian Social Union in Bavaria.
Just Add Water (Suga Free album)
Just Add Water is the third studio album by American rapper Suga Free. It was released on May 9, 2006 through Laneway/Bungalo Records. Production was handled by Ricky "Freeze" Smith, J. Classic, Big Saccs, Kenny McCloud, Blaqthoven, Poochie Ross, Josef Leimberg, J. Steez, Daisuke Miyachi and Mannie Fresh. It features guest appearances from Blaqthoven, Katt Williams, Infra-Red, Snoop Dogg, Asami Yoshida, Cody Elles, Debra Edwards, Jeff Jeff, Klu Dogg, Knoc-turn'al, Kokane, Lil' ½ Dead, Marlon, Mike Mike, Mr. Short Khop and Strange. It peaked at number 194 on the US Billboard 200 and at number 42 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums.

Mannie Fresh
Byron Otto Thomas (born March 20, 1969), better known by his stage name Mannie Fresh, is an American rapper and record producer. He is best known for his production work for Cash Money Records releases, as well as being half of the hip hop duo Big Tymers with the label's co-founder, Birdman.

Beginning as the label's sole in-house producer in 1991, he received credits on the near-entirety of the label's output from 1998 until his departure in 2004. This resulted in 17 songs receiving gold, platinum, or multi-platinum certifications by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) and 19 Billboard Hot 100 entries—which includes his 2004 debut single as a recording artist, "Real Big".
Arakiite
Arakiite (IMA symbol: Ark) is a rare mineral with the formula (Zn,Mn2+)(Mn2+,Mg)12(Fe3+,Al)2(As3+O3)(As5+O4)2(OH)23. It is both arsenate and arsenite mineral, a combination that is rare in the world of minerals. Arakiite is stoichiometrically similar to hematolite. It is one of many rare minerals coming from the famous Långban manganese skarn deposit in Sweden. Other minerals bearing both arsenite and zinc include kraisslite and mcgovernite.

The mineral crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system in space group Cc.

Långban
Långban is a mining area in Värmland in Sweden. It belongs to Filipstad Municipality, with the nearest city being Filipstad, 21 km south. It was systematically mined through 1711–1972, but has traces from the 15th century. It is the birthplace of Swedish-American inventor John Ericsson and his brother Nils Ericson.

It has been described as one of the most mineral-rich places in the world. The first discovery of native lead was in the Långban District in the late nineteenth century. Over 270 different minerals have been identified in the area and more than 60 of these have Långban as type locality. Most mining was done for iron ore and manganese ore, but  in total, 300 minerals have been found. After 1950, only dolomite was extracted.
Marian Thurm
Marian Thurm (born in 1952) is an American novelist and short-story writer.  Thurm is the author of five short story collections and eight novels including The Blackmailer’s Guide to Love (Delphinium Books, 2021) and, most recently, I Don't Know How to Tell You This (Delphinium Books, 2025). Her short stories have appeared in The New Yorker, The Atlantic, Michigan Quarterly Review, Narrative Magazine, The Southampton Review, and many other magazines, and have been included in The Best American Short Stories, and numerous other anthologies. Thurm was raised in Oceanside, Long Island, and has resided in New York City for over 30 years. She is a graduate of Vassar College and has a Master of Arts in creative writing from Brown University.

Marian Thurm has taught creative writing at Yale University, Barnard College, Columbia University, the Writing Institute at Sarah Lawrence College, and in the MFA programs at Columbia University and Brooklyn College.

Oceanside, New York
Oceanside is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) located in the southern part of the Town of Hempstead, in Nassau County, New York, United States. The population was 32,637 at the time of the 2020 census.
Steve Dusseau
Steve Dusseau (born July 28, 1980) was an All-American lacrosse player for Georgetown University, where he was a two-time All-American and won the 2002 USILA National Player of the Year award. He led the Hoyas to NCAA Men's Lacrosse Championship appearances in 2001 and 2002. He played his high school lacrosse for Upper Arlington High School in Columbus, Ohio, where he was also an All-American.

In 2002, Dusseau was drafted by the Major League Lacrosse's Boston Cannons with the second pick in the 1st round of the 2002 MLL Collegiate Draft. Steve was selected to the 2003 MLL All Stars team

Dusseau was inducted into the Ohio Lacrosse Hall of Fame in 2018. On February 9, 2024, he was enshrined in the Georgetown University Athletic Hall of Fame.

Boston Cannons
The Boston Cannons are a professional field lacrosse team based in Boston, Massachusetts, that competes in the Premier Lacrosse League (PLL). The team plays its home games at Harvard Stadium.

The team competed in Major League Lacrosse (MLL) from their inaugural 2001 season to 2020. The team's home field was Veterans Memorial Stadium in nearby Quincy. In the MLL, the team won two Steinfeld Cup championship games in 2011 and 2020, the latter being the MLL's final championship. The Cannons joined the PLL in 2020 following the MLL–PLL merger and were rebranded as the Cannons Lacrosse Club before later being rebranded as Boston Cannons once again when the PLL assigned home cities after the 2023 season.
Benjamin Thompson House–Count Rumford Birthplace
The Benjamin Thompson House (also known as the Count Rumford Birthplace) is a historic house museum and National Historic Landmark at 90 Elm Street, in the North Woburn area of Woburn, Massachusetts. It is significant as the birthplace of scientist and inventor Benjamin Thompson (1753–1814), who became Count Rumford of the Holy Roman Empire as well as Sir Benjamin Thompson of the United Kingdom. His birthplace was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1975 in recognition of Rumford's scientific accomplishments, which notably include the development of the Rumford fireplace, a fireplace design that was significantly more efficient at retaining heat in the house than older and larger fireplaces.

Historic house museum
A historic house museum is a house of historic significance that is preserved as a museum. Historic furnishings may be displayed in a way that reflects their original placement and usage in a home. Historic house museums are held to a variety of standards, including those of the International Council of Museums. Houses are transformed into museums for a number of different reasons. For example, the homes of famous writers are frequently turned into writer's home museums to support literary tourism.
Don't Come Crying to Me
"Don't Come Crying to Me" is a song written by Michael Gore and Dean Pitchford and performed by Linda Clifford. It was released in 1982 as a single from the album I'll Keep on Loving You.  Along with the track "Let It Ride", "Don't Come Crying to Me" spent three weeks at number one on the US Dance chart.  The track would be Clifford's final number one on the dance charts, and unlike her previous entries to the top spot, "Don't Come Crying to Me" did not cross over to any other chart.

Dean Pitchford
Dean Pitchford (born July 29, 1951) is an American songwriter, screenwriter, director, actor, and novelist. His work has earned him an Oscar and a Golden Globe Award, as well as nominations for three additional Oscars, two more Golden Globes, eight Grammy Awards, and two Tony Awards.
Anton Rochel
Anton Rochel (18 June 1770 in Neunkirchen – 12 May 1847 in Graz) was an Austrian surgeon and naturalist, known for his botanical investigations of Banat and the Carpathians.

Up until 1798 he served as a surgeon in the Austrian army, then from 1798 to 1820 worked as a physician in Moravia and Hungary. From 1820 to 1840 he was a curator at the botanical garden in Pest. In 1835 he undertook a botanical expedition to the Banat with József Dorner and János Heuffel .

The botanical genus Rochelia (in the family Boraginaceae) was named in his honor by Ludwig Reichenbach in 1824.

Ludwig Reichenbach
Heinrich Gottlieb Ludwig Reichenbach (8 January 1793 – 17 March 1879) was a German botanist, ornithologist and illustrator. It was he who first requested Leopold Blaschka to make a set of glass marine invertebrate models for scientific education and museum showcasing, the successful commission giving rise to the creation of the Blaschkas' Glass sea creatures and, subsequently and indirectly, the more famous Glass Flowers.
Peter Blake (actor)
Peter Blake (born John Beattie Dempsey; 8 December 1948 – 21 July 2018) was a Scottish actor and singer. Probably best known as the character Kirk St Moritz in the BBC sitcom Dear John, by John Sullivan, his other high-profile moments came through his playing of a 'Fonz'-type character in Pepsi-Cola commercials which led to a hit record in 1977 "Lipsmackin' Rock 'n' Rollin", Andy Evol the disc-jockey in Agony with Maureen Lipman for LWT and in an episode of Taggart ("Do or Die") as Sgt. Bill Kent.  He also had a long association with The Rocky Horror Show playing Frank-N-Furter over a thousand times between 1975 and 1994.

Maureen Lipman
Dame Maureen Diane Turner (née Lipman; born 10 May 1946) is an English actress, comedian and columnist. She trained at the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art and her stage work has included appearances with the National Theatre and the Royal Shakespeare Company. She was made a dame in the 2020 Queen's Birthday Honours for services to charity, entertainment and the arts.

Lipman has been nominated for seven Olivier Awards across categories commending acting in plays, musicals and comedy, winning in 1984 for See How They Run. On film, Lipman was BAFTA nominated for Educating Rita (1983) and has also appeared in The Wildcats of St Trinian's (1980), Carry On Columbus (1992), Solomon & Gaenor (1999) and The Pianist (2002). On television, Lipman had prominent roles in Agony (1979–1981), Smiley's People (1982), Eskimo Day (1996) and Ladies of Letters (2009–2010). Since 2018, she has starred in Coronation Street as Evelyn Plummer.
Namma Veettu Pillai
Namma Veettu Pillai (transl. The child of our house) is a 2019 Indian Tamil-language action comedy film written and directed by Pandiraj and produced by Kalanithi Maran under the banner Sun Pictures. The film stars Sivakarthikeyan and Aishwarya Rajesh, with a supporting cast including Anu Emmanuel, Samuthirakani, Soori, Bharathiraja, and Natty Subramaniam. The movie marks the third collaboration between Pandiraj and Sivakarthikeyan after Marina and Kedi Billa Killadi Ranga. The music for the film is scored by D. Imman, while cinematography and editing are handled by Nirav Shah and Ruben. The film was released on 27 September 2019. The film received a positive response from the audience and became a successful venture at the box office.

Kalanithi Maran
Kalanithi Maran (born 24 July 1964) is an Indian billionaire media proprietor. He is the founder and chairman of Sun Group, one of India's largest media conglomerates. He owns multiple television channels, newspapers, weeklies, FM radio stations, DTH services, a movie production house (Sun Pictures), and three cricket team franchises: Sunrisers Hyderabad in the Indian Premier League, Sunrisers Eastern Cape in the SA20 League in South Africa and Sunrisers Leeds in The Hundred in England. He also held a major share in the Indian airline SpiceJet from 2010 to 2015.

Maran won Young Businessman awards from CNBC and Ernst & Young, and Forbes magazine named him the "Television king of southern India". As of November 2025, his net worth is US$2.57 billion.
Leyla Mohadjer
Leyla Kheradmand Mohadjer is an American statistician who works as a vice president, senior statistical fellow, and associate director of the statistical staff at Westat. She is an expert in survey methodology, total survey error, quality control, and participation bias, and has led the statistical efforts of the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies and the Programme for International Student Assessment (both of the OECD), and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of the National Center for Health Statistics.

Mohadjer earned a master's degree and, in 1985, a doctorate in statistics from George Washington University. Her dissertation was The efficiency of the normal discriminant analysis compared to the logistic regression for the prediction criterion.

She was elected as a Fellow of the American Statistical Association in 2007. She is also an Elected Member of the International Statistical Institute.

Participation bias
Participation bias or non-response bias is a phenomenon in which the results of studies, polls, etc. become non-representative because the participants disproportionately possess certain traits which affect the outcome. These traits mean the sample is systematically different from the target population, potentially resulting in biased estimates.

For instance, a study found that those who refused to answer a survey on AIDS tended to be "older, attend church more often, are less likely to believe in the confidentiality of surveys, and have lower sexual self disclosure." It may occur due to several factors as outlined in Deming (1990).

Non-response bias can be a problem in longitudinal research due to attrition during the study.