hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bhushan Lal Karihaloo
Bhushan Lal Karihaloo, FIEAus MASME FASCE FLSW (born September 1943, Srinagar, Kashmir), is a Kashmiri Pandit professor of civil, architectural, and environmental engineering. He is head of the Institute of Theoretical, Applied and Computational Mechanics at Cardiff University and an expert on fracture mechanics. In 2006 he was awarded the European Structural Integrity Society's Griffith Medal for "his outstanding research in the field of theoretical fracture mechanics and fracture of quasi-brittle materials, in particular of concrete, fibre-reinforced cementitious composites, and advanced tough ceramics". In 2012, he was elected a Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales.

American Society of Civil Engineers
The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) is a tax-exempt professional body founded in 1852 to represent members of the civil engineering profession worldwide. Headquartered in Reston, Virginia, it is the oldest national engineering society in the United States. Its constitution was based on the older Boston Society of Civil Engineers from 1848.

ASCE is dedicated to the advancement of the science and profession of civil engineering and the enhancement of human welfare through the activities of society members. It has more than 143,000 members in 177 countries. Its mission is to provide essential value to members, their careers, partners, and the public; facilitate the advancement of technology; encourage and provide the tools for lifelong learning; promote professionalism and the profession; develop and support civil engineers.
Richard Grenville (died 1577 or 1578)
Richard Grenville (by 1524 – 1577 or 1578), of Stowe, Kilkhampton and Penheale, Cornwall, was a politician and Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for the constituency of Newport, Cornwall in 1545 and 1559, and for Dunheved in 1555 and 1563.

Launceston (UK Parliament constituency)
Launceston, also known at some periods as Dunheved, was a parliamentary constituency in Cornwall which returned two Members of Parliament to the British House of Commons from 1295 until 1832, and one member from 1832 until 1918. It was a parliamentary borough until 1885, and a county constituency thereafter.
That Bowling Alley on the Tiber
That Bowling Alley on the Tiber: Tales of a Director (Italian: Quel bowling sul Tevere) is a 1983 book by the Italian filmmaker Michelangelo Antonioni. It is a collection of personal reflections and narrative sketches, varying in length from a few lines to a few pages. Antonioni called these texts "nuclei" and described them as prototypes for unproduced films. Some of the material had been published previously in periodicals. The English translation by William Arrowsmith was published in 1986.

Four sketch stories from the book were the basis for the film Beyond the Clouds, directed by Antonioni as his last feature film and released in 1995. Another story was the basis for Antonioni's segment in the film anthology Eros from 2004.

Eros (film)
Eros is a 2004 anthology film consisting of three short segments: The Hand directed by Wong Kar-wai in Mandarin, Equilibrium by Steven Soderbergh in English, and The Dangerous Thread of Things by Michelangelo Antonioni in Italian. Each segment addresses the themes of love and sex.
The Celebrity Game
The Celebrity Game is an Australian game show that aired in two different formats. The original series, based on an American game show of the same name, was hosted by Bert Newton on the Nine Network in 1969 as Australia's Celebrity Game. The later series, based on the game of charades, involving two teams of celebrities, was hosted by Mike Preston on Network Ten ran from 1976 to 1977.

Bert Newton
Albert Watson Newton AM MBE (23 July 1938 – 30 October 2021) was an Australian media personality. He was a Logie Hall of Fame inductee, quadruple Gold Logie–winning entertainer, and radio, theatre and television personality and compère.

Newton was known for his collaborations opposite Graham Kennedy and subsequently Don Lane on their respective variety shows, and appearances with his wife, singer Patti Newton.

Newton started his career in radio broadcasting, primarily as an announcer, before becoming a star and fixture of Australian television since its inception in 1956, and was considered both an industry pioneer icon and one of the longest-serving television performers in the world.

Newton was known for his association with both the Nine Network and Ten Network on numerous variety shows, including In Melbourne Tonight, New Faces, Good Morning Australia, 20 to 1 and game show Bert's Family Feud.
Charlotte Blakeney Ward
Charlotte Blakeney Ward (1873–1962) was an English artist, best known as a portrait painter. She worked in several media and genres, and is known to have exhibited between 1898 and 1939.

She was born in Eccles, Lancashire, the daughter of journalist James Blakeney. She was educated privately at home and later studied at the Royal College of Art. She also studied in Paris, and exhibited at the Paris Salon in 1900.

She married a fellow portrait artist, Charles Daniel Ward. Her portrait subjects included the suffragist Mary Collin, the poet Robinson Jeffers, and several members of the nobility. Her work was exhibited at the Royal Academy.

In 1923, she became President of the Society of Women Artists, having been vice president since 1917, and held the presidency until 1931.

Robinson Jeffers
John Robinson Jeffers (January 10, 1887 – January 20, 1962) was an American poet known for his work about the central Californian coast. Much of his poetry was written in narrative and epic form; however, he is also known for his shorter verse and is considered an icon of the environmental movement.

Influential and highly regarded in some circles, despite or because of his philosophy of "inhumanism", Jeffers believed that transcending conflict required human concerns to be de-emphasized in favor of the boundless whole. This led him to oppose American participation in World War II, a stance that was controversial after the U.S. entered the war.
Villas of the Papal Nobility
Villas of the Papal Nobility (Italian: Ville della nobiltà pontificia nel Lazio) is a serial site submitted by Italy to the UNESCO Tentative List of World Heritage Sites on June 1, 2006. The nomination includes a collection of suburban villas and stately homes constructed from the second half of the 16th century onwards for the higher clergy, cardinals, and aristocratic families connected to the Papal Court in Rome.

The villas are recognized for forming a "high level residential system" that profoundly influenced the development of the Lazio countryside through their grand architecture, formal Italian gardens, and sophisticated integration with the natural landscape.

Carlo Maderno
Carlo Maderno or Maderna (1556 – 31 January 1629) was an Italian architect, born in today's Ticino, Switzerland, who is remembered as one of the fathers of Baroque architecture. His façades of Santa Susanna, St. Peter's Basilica, and Sant'Andrea della Valle were of key importance in the evolution of the Italian Baroque. He often is referred to as the brother of sculptor Stefano Maderno, but this is not universally agreed upon.
Evgeny Agrest
Evgeny Agrest (born 15 August 1966 in Vitebsk, Belarus) is a Soviet-born Swedish chess grandmaster (1997).

In 1994, he graduated with a degree in Economics and in the same year emigrated to Sweden. He is four-time Swedish champion (1998, 2001, 2003, and 2004), and thrice Nordic champion (2001 jointly with Artur Kogan, 2003 jointly with Curt Hansen, and 2005). In 2010 Agrest tied for 1st–6th in the European Union Championship, taking third place on tiebreak. He played for Sweden in the Chess Olympiads of 1998, 2000, 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, 2010 and 2014.

As of August 2015, he has been Nils Grandelius's trainer since 2013.

Agrest is married to Woman International Master (WIM) Svetlana Agrest  with both his wife and his daughter playing for the Swedish Women's chess team.

Vitebsk
Vitebsk or Vitsyebsk is a city in north-eastern Belarus. It serves as the administrative center of Vitebsk Region and Vitebsk District, though it is administratively separated from the district. As of 2025, it has 358,927 inhabitants, making it the country's fourth-largest city. It is served by Vitebsk Vostochny Airport and Vitebsk Air Base.
Charles O'Kelly
Charles O'Kelly (1621–1695) was an Irish soldier and writer.

O'Kelly was born at Screen or Clonlyon, Aughrim, County Galway, son of John O'Kelly and Isma Hill, daughter of Sir William of Ballybeg, County Carlow. He was educated at St. Omer. He first saw action in Ireland in 1642.

He inherited Aughrim in 1674, and was elected member of parliament (MP) for Roscommon County in 1689. He again fought, this time as a colonel, in the Williamite War in Ireland, serving at Aughrim and Limerick. He later authored Macariae Excidium, or the Destruction of Cyprus, containing the Last Warr and Conquest of that Kingdom, which contains the only account of the battle of Aughrim by a native of the area.

Colleges of St Omer, Bruges and Liège
The Colleges of St Omer, Bruges and Liège were successive expatriate institutions for Roman Catholic higher education run by the Jesuits for English students.

Founded in 1593 by Robert Parsons as the College of Saint-Omer in Artois (then part of the Spanish Netherlands), in the 18th century the college was twice forced to relocate, due to the suppression of the Jesuit order in France.

In 1762 most masters and students moved to Bruges and in 1773 on to Liège, leaving a smaller college surviving in St Omer. In 1794, those in Liège migrated a third and final time to Stonyhurst in England, founding Stonyhurst College.
Alexander Molev
Alexander Ivanovich Molev (Russian: Алекса́ндр Ива́нович Мо́лев) FAA (born 1961) is a Russian-Australian mathematician.

He completed his Ph.D. in 1986 under the supervision of Alexandre Kirillov at Moscow State University. He was awarded the Australian Mathematical Society Medal in 2001 and became a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science in 2019.

Amongst other things, he has worked on Yangians and Lie algebras.

He is currently a Professor in the School of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney.

Alexandre Kirillov
Alexandre Aleksandrovich Kirilloff (Russian: Алекса́ндр Алекса́ндрович Кири́ллов, born 1936) is a Soviet and Russian mathematician, known for his works in the fields of representation theory, topological groups and Lie groups. In particular he introduced the orbit method into representation theory. He is an emeritus professor at the University of Pennsylvania.
2015–16 Lafayette Leopards men's basketball team
The 2015–16 Lafayette Leopards men's basketball team represented Lafayette College during the 2015–16 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Leopards, led by twenty-first year head coach Fran O'Hanlon, played their home games at the Kirby Sports Center and were members of the Patriot League. They finished the season 6–24, 3–15 in Patriot League play to finish in last place. They lost to Navy in the first round of the Patriot League tournament.

2016 Patriot League men's basketball tournament
The 2016 Patriot League men's basketball tournament was played March 1, 3, 6 and 9 with the higher seed in each matchup hosting at their respective campus sites. The tournament champion, Holy Cross, received the League's automatic bid to the NCAA tournament.
Mawei railway station
Mawei railway station (Chinese: 马尾站) is a railway station located in the Mawei District of Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China, on the Fuzhou-Mawei railway operated by the Nanchang Railway Bureau, China Railway Corporation.

Mawei, Fuzhou
Mawei (simplified Chinese: 马尾; traditional Chinese: 馬尾; pinyin: Mǎwěi; Foochow Romanized: Mā-muōi) is one of 6 urban districts of the prefecture-level city of Fuzhou, the capital of Fujian Province, China. The district spans an area of 319.66 square kilometers, of which, 275.66 square kilometers is land. The district had a population of 290,554 as of 2020.

Mawei District is located on the north bank of the Min River, between Fuzhou's urban core and the coast of the East China Sea. The district also includes Langqi Island formed by the two main branches of the Min River as it flows into the sea.

Mawei District is famous for its historical Mawei Arsenal, with a modern shipyard operating on the site.
Isabelle Spaak
Isabelle Spaak (born 5 October 1960) is a Belgian writer living in Paris.

The daughter of Fernand Spaak and Anna-Maria Farina, she was born in Brussels and grew up there. In July 1981, her mother killed her father and then committed suicide. Spaak moved to France later that year, attending Paris West University Nanterre La Défense. She went on to work as a journalist for VSD; later, she was put in charge of the culture pages of Le Parisien Magazine.

She is perhaps best known for two autobiographical novels Ça ne se fait pas (2004), which received the Prix Victor-Rossel, and Pas du tout mon genre (2006). In 2011, she published Militants, a non-fiction work on the French Socialist party. Spaak published a third novel Une allure folle, based on the lives of her mother and grandmother, in 2016.

Paris Nanterre University
Paris Nanterre University (French: Université Paris Nanterre), formerly University of Paris West, Paris-X and commonly referred to as Nanterre, is a public research university based in Nanterre, Hauts-de-Seine, France, in the Paris metropolitan area. It is one of the most prestigious French universities, mainly in the areas of law, humanities, political science, social and natural sciences and economics. It is one of the thirteen successor universities of the University of Paris. The university is located in the western suburb of Nanterre, in La Défense area, the business district of the Paris area.

Paris Nanterre University alumni include more than 15 cabinet officials, heads of state or government from France and around the world, like Emmanuel Macron, Nicolas Sarkozy and Dominique de Villepin. Alumni also include heads of central banks, legislators and business people, like Christine Lagarde, Dominique Strauss-Kahn or Vincent Bolloré.
21st Oklahoma Legislature
The Twenty-first Oklahoma Legislature was a meeting of the legislative branch of the government of Oklahoma, composed of the Oklahoma Senate and the Oklahoma House of Representatives. The state legislature met in regular session from January 7 to May 8, 1947, during the term of Governor Roy J. Turner. The session was marked by a gunfight on the Senate floor, in which a state representative shot Tom Anglin, a state senator and former Speaker of the Oklahoma House of Representatives, in the hip, on May 7, 1947.

James C. Nance served as President pro tempore of the Oklahoma Senate and C. R. Board served as Speaker of the Oklahoma House of Representatives.

Oklahoma Senate
The Oklahoma Senate is the upper house of the two houses of the Legislature of Oklahoma, the other being the Oklahoma House of Representatives. The total number of senators is set at 48 by the Oklahoma Constitution.

Senators approve or reject gubernatorial appointments, and contribute to the creation of both state law and an annual state budget. Every ten years, they aid in drawing new boundaries for Oklahoma's electoral districts. The Oklahoma Senate also serves as a court of impeachment.

The presiding officer of the Senate is the lieutenant governor of Oklahoma, who is the president of the Senate. Since the 1960s, the president pro tempore of the Senate has presided over daily work. Prior to that time, the president of the Senate took a leading role in the Senate, including appointing committees and members to those committees. The president of the Senate may cast a vote only in the instance of a tie vote and may not vote to create a tie.
Jim Bowden (baseball)
James Goodwin Bowden IV (born May 18, 1961) is an American baseball analyst, broadcaster and former executive. He is a co-host of SiriusXM's "Inside Pitch" on MLB Network Radio and a columnist for The Athletic. He previously worked for ESPN, writing a blog for ESPN.com titled "The GM's Office". He used to be a host and co-host on Fox Sports Radio, a baseball analyst for FoxSports.com and a Baseball Insider for the Los Angeles Dodgers and Los Angeles Angels for Fox Sports West. He has held positions of senior vice president and general manager for both the Cincinnati Reds and Washington Nationals. On October 16, 1992 he became the youngest general manager in baseball history. He was named MLB Executive of the Year by Baseball America in 1999. Bowden's teams finished in first place in 1994 and 1995. Bowden has also worked in television for ESPN and Fox Sports West as well as local television and radio stations in both Cincinnati and Washington, D.C.

FoxSports.com
FoxSports.com is a sports news website operated by Fox Sports Media Group. The website primarily features streaming video content surrounding sports-related topics, including segments and features from the division's studio programming, and streaming of Fox Sports cable networks for subscribers on participating television providers.
VocalTec
VocalTec Communications Inc. is an Israeli telecom equipment provider. The company was founded in 1985 by Alon Cohen and Lior Haramaty, who patented the first Voice over IP audio transceiver. VocalTec has supplied major customers such as Deutsche Telekom, Telecom Italia, and many others.

TIM Group
TIM S.p.A. (formerly Telecom Italia S.p.A.) is an Italian telecommunications company with headquarters in Rome, Milan, and Naples (with the Telecom Italia Tower), which provides fixed, public and mobile telephony, and DSL data services.

It is the largest Italian telecommunications services provider in revenues and subscribers. It was founded in 1994 by the merger of several state-owned telecommunications companies, the most prominent of which was SIP, the former state monopoly telephone operator in Italy.

The company's stock is traded in the Borsa Italiana. The Italian State has exercised the "Golden Power" on TIM since 2017, which allows the government to take a number of actions when the strategic interests of the country are concerned.

It has also a subsidiary in Brazil, known as TIM Brasil, with 72.6 million customers. The brand covers over 114 million customers worldwide.

As April 2024, Net sales are distributed geographically as follows: Italy (72.9%) and Brazil (27.1%).
Example-based machine translation
Example-based machine translation (EBMT) is a method of machine translation often characterized by its use of a bilingual corpus with parallel texts as its main knowledge base at run-time. It is essentially a translation by analogy and can be viewed as an implementation of a case-based reasoning approach to machine learning.

Case-based reasoning
Case-based reasoning (CBR), broadly construed, is the process of solving new problems based on the solutions of similar past problems.

In everyday life, an auto mechanic who fixes an engine by recalling another car that exhibited similar symptoms is using case-based reasoning. A lawyer who advocates a particular outcome in a trial based on legal precedents or a judge who creates case law is using case-based reasoning. So, too, an engineer copying working elements of nature (practicing biomimicry) is treating nature as a database of solutions to problems. Case-based reasoning is a prominent type of analogy solution making.

It has been argued that case-based reasoning is not only a powerful method for computer reasoning, but also a pervasive behavior in everyday human problem solving; or, more radically, that all reasoning is based on past cases personally experienced. This view is related to prototype theory, which is most deeply explored in cognitive science.
Laura E. Foster
Laura E. Foster (1871 - September 23, 1920) was an American artist, known for her illustrations and cartoons.

Foster was born in 1871 in San Francisco. Foster lived and worked in San Francisco until the earthquake of 1906, after which she moved to New York City. In 1908, she married Donald C. Monroe, but continued to work under her unmarried name.

As a professional cartoonist, her work appeared in Life, the Saturday Evening Post and other periodicals. Foster's work was often related to women's suffrage and she created images that were both pro- and anti-suffragist.

Foster died on September 23, 1920, after an operation.

1906 San Francisco earthquake
The 1906 San Francisco earthquake was a major earthquake which struck the coast of Northern California at 05:12 am Pacific Standard Time on Wednesday, April 18, 1906. With an estimated moment magnitude of 7.9 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme), it created high-intensity shaking from Eureka on the North Coast to the Salinas Valley, an agricultural region to the south of the San Francisco Bay Area.

Extensive fires soon broke out in San Francisco and lasted for several days. More than 3,000 people died and over 80% of the city was destroyed. The event is remembered as the deadliest earthquake in the history of the United States. The death toll remains the greatest loss of life from a natural disaster in California's history and high on the list of worst American disasters, natural or man-made.
Anosodiaphoria
Anosodiaphoria is the inability to recognize the full importance of a neurological disability brought on by a brain lesion. It might be specifically associated with defective functioning of the frontal lobe of the right hemisphere.

Joseph Babinski first used the term anosodiaphoria in 1914 to describe a disorder of the body schema in which patients verbally acknowledge a clinical problem (such as hemiparesis) but fail to be concerned about it. Anosodiaphoria follows a stage of anosognosia, in which there may be verbal, explicit denial of the illness, and after several days to weeks, develop the lack of emotional response.

Joseph Babinski
Joseph Jules François Félix Babinski (Polish: Józef Julian Franciszek Feliks Babiński; 17 November 1857 – 29 October 1932) was a French-Polish professor of neurology. He is best known for his 1896 description of the Babinski sign, a pathological plantar reflex indicative of corticospinal tract damage.
Federal enterprise architecture
A federal enterprise architecture framework (FEAF) is the U.S. reference enterprise architecture of a federal government.  It provides a common approach for the integration of strategic, business and technology management as part of organization design and performance improvement.

The most familiar federal enterprise architecture is the enterprise architecture of the Federal government of the United States, the U.S. "Federal Enterprise Architecture" (FEA) and the corresponding U.S. "Federal Enterprise Architecture Framework" (FEAF). This lemma will focus on this particular enterprise architecture and enterprise architecture framework.

Technology management
Technology management refers to the integrated planning, design, optimization, operation and control of technological products, processes and services, in order to manage of the use of technology for human advantage. It contains a number of management disciplines that allow organizations to manage their technological fundamentals to benefit their customers. The role of the technology management function in an organization is to understand the value of certain technology for the organization and for the customer, and to identify when it is better to invest in technology development and when to withdraw.