hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Peder Fredricson
Peder Fredricson (born 30 January 1972) is a Swedish equestrian and Olympic medalist. He was born in Flen in Södermanland. He has won one Olympic gold medal in team jumping at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, and three Olympic silver medals, his first in team jumping at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, his second in individual jumping at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, and his third in Individual jumping at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo. He also participated at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, in eventing.  In the 2021 Tokyo Olympic Games, Peder Fredricson with his horse H&M All In won team gold medal with Malin Baryard-Johnsson and Henrik von Eckermann and also a silver medal as individual.  Among his top horses, there are H&M Christian K, H&M All In, Catch me Not S, Jumper d’Oase and Thelma Hästak.

In 2016 and 2017 Fredricson won the Jerring Award.

Södermanland
Södermanland (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈsø̂ːdɛrmanˌland] or [ˈsø̌ː-] ⓘ), locally Sörmland, sometimes referred to under its Latinized form Sudermannia or Sudermania, is a historical province (or landskap) on the south eastern coast of Sweden. It borders Östergötland, Närke, Västmanland and Uppland. It is also bounded by lake Mälaren and the Baltic Sea.

Södermanland means "(The) Land of the Southern Men", where the "southern men" (södermännen) were the people living south of Uppland.
Poythress
Poythress is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alex Poythress (born 1993), American-Ivorian basketball player for Maccabi Tel Aviv of the Israeli Premier Basketball League

David Poythress (1943–2017), politician from the U.S. state of Georgia

Rich Poythress (born 1987), American baseball first basemen

Peter Poythress (1733-1878), Virginia planter and politician in the Revolutionary War era

Vern Poythress (born 1946), American theologian

Vern Poythress
Vern Sheridan Poythress (born March 29, 1946) is an American New Testament scholar, Reformed theologian, and polymath. Specializing in philosophy and mathematics, Poythress currently serves as New Testament Chair for the English Standard Version translation committee. He is Distinguished Professor of New Testament, Biblical Interpretation, and Systematic Theology at Westminster Theological Seminary. In addition, he is the editor of the Westminster Theological Journal.
James Davy
James Davy (born May 6, 1953) is the former Commissioner of Human Services in New Jersey, holding the position under former Governors James McGreevey and Jon Corzine. He previously served on McGreevey's staff in the governor's office and while McGreevey was Mayor of Woodbridge Township.

Born May 6, 1953, in Philadelphia, he was raised in Pittsburgh and graduated in 1971 from North Allegheny Senior High School. He earned an undergraduate degree from Thiel College and a master's in public administration from the Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs.

On September 9, 2005, then Governor of New Jersey Richard Codey named his wife, Lucille Davy, as Acting Commissioner of Education. In doing so, they became the first husband and wife to serve in a state cabinet together in the country. They reside in Pennington, New Jersey.

Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs
The Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs (Maxwell School) is the professional public policy school of Syracuse University, a private research university in Syracuse, New York. The school is organized in 11 academic departments and 13 affiliated research centers and offers coursework in the fields of public administration, international relations, foreign policy, political Science, science and technology policy, social sciences, and economics through its undergraduate (BA) degrees, graduate Master of Public Affairs (MPA), Master of Arts (MA), and PhD degrees.
Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty
Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty (Korean: 조선왕릉) is a UNESCO World Heritage Site registered in 2009 that includes 40 tombs of members of the House of Yi, which ruled Korea (at the time known as Joseon, and later as the Korean Empire) between 1392 and 1910. These tombs are scattered over 18 locations across the Korean Peninsula. They were built to honor and respect the ancestors and their achievements and assert their royal authority. Two other Joseon tombs, located in Kaesong, North Korea, were proposed but not submitted.

Jungjong of Joseon
Jungjong (Korean: 중종; Hanja: 中宗; 25 April 1488 – 9 December 1544), personal name Yi Yeok (이역; 李懌), firstly titled Grand Prince Jinseong (진성대군; 晉城大君), was the 11th monarch of the Joseon dynasty of Korea. He succeeded to the throne after the deposition of his elder half-brother, the tyrannical Yeonsangun.
Avar language
Avar (авар мацӏ, avar maⱬ [ʔaˈwar mat͡sʼː] or магӏарул мацӏ, maⱨarul maⱬ [maʕarul mat͡sʼː], 'language of the mountains'), also known as Avaric, is a Northeast Caucasian language of the Avar–Andic subgroup that is spoken by Avars, primarily in Dagestan. In 2010, there were approximately one million speakers in Dagestan and elsewhere in Russia.

Voiceless alveolar affricate
A voiceless alveolar affricate is a type of affricate consonant pronounced with the tip or blade of the tongue against the alveolar ridge (gum line) just behind the teeth. There are several types of median affricates with significant perceptual differences:

A voiceless alveolar sibilant affricate [t͡s] is the most common type, similar to the ts in English cats.

A voiceless alveolar non-sibilant affricate [t͡θ̠] – or [t͡θ͇], using the alveolar diacritic from the extIPA – is somewhat similar to the th in some pronunciations of English eighth. It is found as a regional realization of the sequence /tr/ in some Sicilian dialects of Standard Italian.

A voiceless alveolar retracted sibilant affricate [t͡s̺], also called apico-alveolar or grave, has a weak hushing sound reminiscent of retroflex affricates. One language in which it is found is Basque, where it contrasts with a more conventional non-retracted laminal alveolar affricate.

This article discusses the first two.
Creatorrhea
Creatorrhea is the abnormal excretion of muscle fibre in feces. The term is made from the prefix creat- or creato- which comes from Greek kreas meaning "flesh". The suffix -rrhea (or -rrhoea) comes from Greek -rrhoia meaning "flow," hence discharge.

Digestion of food is achieved through a mixture of mechanical and chemical processes. Failure to produce or secrete chemicals known as digestive enzymes can lead to failure digesting or breaking down specific components of ingested food.

Where there is a failure to produce, release, or convert trypsinogen—an inactive enzyme precursor or zymogen—muscle fibres are not properly digested and are therefore released in the feces. Trypsinogen is produced in the pancreas and released into the alimentary canal where it is converted to the active enzyme trypsin.
Inflammation of the pancreas, or pancreatitis can therefore precipitate this condition, as can cystic fibrosis which also affects the production of digestive enzymes.

Mechanics
Mechanics (from Ancient Greek  μηχανική (mēkhanikḗ) 'of machines') is the area of physics concerned with the relationships between force, matter, and motion among physical objects. Forces applied to objects may result in displacements, which are changes of an object's position relative to its environment.

Theoretical expositions of this branch of physics have their origins in Ancient Greece, for instance, in the writings of Aristotle and Archimedes (see History of classical mechanics and Timeline of classical mechanics). During the early modern period, scientists such as Galileo Galilei, Johannes Kepler, Christiaan Huygens, and Isaac Newton laid the foundation for what is now known as classical mechanics.

In the 20th century the concepts of classical mechanics were challenged by new discoveries, leading to fundamentally new approaches including relativistic mechanics and quantum mechanics.
Nivy Station
Nivy Station (Slovak: Stanica Nivy), also known as Nivy Centrum, Bus station Nivy (Slovak: Autobusová stanica Nivy), or simply Nivy, is a multifunctional building consisting of a bus station, a shopping center and a market on Mlynské nivy street in Nivy, Ružinov, a borough of Bratislava, Slovakia. The building is located on the site of the original Bratislava Central Bus Station, which was demolished at the end of 2017, and the tentative completion date was originally set for 2020. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the grand opening took place on 30 September 2021. At 3:00 am, the first bus left the station. The construction was carried out by the company HB Reavis, which also constructed a new urban zone called Nové Nivy, in which the complex is located.

Ružinov
Ružinov (Slovak pronunciation: [ˈruʐinɔw], Hungarian: Ruzsinó/Főrév, German: Rosenheim) is a borough of Bratislava, the capital of Slovakia, located in the Bratislava II district. It is the city's second most populated borough, housing over 80,000 inhabitants and its Nivy neighbourhood is the place of the emerging new city center of Bratislava. Ružinov features extensive residential areas, as well as major industrial facilities and transport infrastructure including the Milan Rastislav Štefánik international airport and the D1 motorway.

The borough features the Slovnaft refinery, Avion Shopping Park mall, Ružinov hospital, Štrkovec lake, Zlaté Piesky recreational area and numerous schools and churches.
Georgia Ku
Georgia Ku (born 20 February 1993) is an English singer and songwriter. She was a featured artist on the 2018 NOTD and Felix Jaehn hit single "So Close". The song has appeared on numerous charts including at number 11 on the Billboard Dance/Electronic Songs chart. Ku has also written songs for numerous notable acts including Martin Garrix, Dua Lipa, Iggy Azalea, Zedd, and others.

Hot Dance/Electronic Songs
Hot Dance/Electronic Songs (formerly Dance/Electronic Songs) is a record chart that has been published weekly by Billboard since January 2013. It is their first chart to be published that ranks the most popular dance and electronic songs according to audience impressions, digital downloads, and streaming and it was introduced following an increase in the genre's popularity in the United States. The chart originally included reported club play.

The first number-one song on the chart, for the issue dated January 26, 2013, was "Scream & Shout" by will.i.am and Britney Spears. The chart's current number one as of the issue dated February 28, 2026, is "Dracula" by Tame Impala.
Sleepy (rapper)
Kim Sung-won (Korean: 김성원; born February 21, 1984), better known by his stage name Sleepy (슬리피), is a South Korean rapper and a television personality. He is a member of the hip hop boy duo Untouchable. He released his solo debut single, "Cool Night", on June 16, 2015. He became a household name after appearing on reality TV shows like Real Man, I Live Alone, Law of the Jungle, and We Got Married.

Real Man (TV series)
Real Man (Korean: 진짜 사나이; RR: Jinjja sanai) is a South Korean variety show featuring eight male celebrities as they experience life in the military, which is mandatory for all mentally sound and able-bodied Korean men for two years. The show debuted on MBC on April 14, 2013, as part of the Sunday Night programming block. The last episode of season 2 aired on November 27, 2016.

The original cast members were Kim Soo-ro, Mir, Ryu Soo-young, Sam Hammington, Seo Kyung-suk and Son Jin-young. Jang Hyuk and Park Hyung-sik later joined the cast.

Mir left the show in June 2013. Ryu Soo-young, Son Jin-young and Jang Hyuk left the show in February 2014 and were replaced by Chun Jung-myung, Park Gun-hyung, K.Will, and Henry Lau.

A spin-off of this program called Real Man 300 began to air every Friday at 21:50 (KST) starting from September 21, 2018.

On 30 July 2023, A Malaysian version Real Man called Real Man Malaysia: Wira Merah, aired on Astro Ria.
Brown Brothers Milawa Vineyard
Brown Brothers Milawa Vineyard  is a family-owned wine company based in Milawa, Victoria, Australia.  Brown Brothers was founded in 1889 by John Francis Brown and continues to be owned and operated by his descendants on the original property. Brown Brothers makes wine from a wide range of grape varieties and into a range of styles.

Crouchen
Crouchen is a white South African and Australian wine grape variety that originated in the western Pyrenees of France but is now virtually extinct in France due to its high susceptibility to fungal diseases like powdery and downy mildew. The grape is known under a wide variety of synonyms including Clare Riesling and Cape Riesling though it is not related to the well known international variety Riesling. Recent European Union regulation aimed at standardizing wine labelling laws has encouraged wineries to move away from these synonyms but their use still persists.
Edray Herber Goins
Edray Herber Goins (born June 29, 1972, Los Angeles) is an American mathematician. He specializes in number theory and algebraic geometry. His interests include Selmer groups for elliptic curves using class groups of number fields, Belyi maps and dessins d'enfant.

Algebraic number field
In mathematics, an algebraic number field (or simply number field) is an extension field  of the field of rational numbers  such that the field extension  has finite degree (and hence is an algebraic field extension).
Thus  is a field that contains  and has finite dimension when considered as a vector space over .

The study of algebraic number fields, that is, of algebraic extensions of the field of rational numbers, is the central topic of algebraic number theory. This study reveals hidden structures behind the rational numbers, by using algebraic methods.
Lhodrak Seykhar Dratshang
Lhodrak Seykhar Dratshang (also Sekargutho Monastery or Sey Lhakhang) is a Buddhist monastic school in Bumthang (Bhutan) near Jakar city. The name means nine story of Son.  The school was established in 1963, dedicated to Marpa Lotsawa.

Marpa Lotsawa
Marpa Lotsāwa (མར་པ་ལོ་ཙཱ་བ་ཆོས་ཀྱི་བློ་གྲོས་, 1012–1097), sometimes known fully as Marpa Chökyi Lodrö (Wylie: mar pa chos kyi blo gros) or commonly as Marpa the Translator (Marpa Lotsāwa), was a Tibetan Buddhist teacher credited with the transmission of many Vajrayana teachings from India, including the teachings and lineages of Mahamudra. Due to this, the Kagyu lineage, which he founded, is often called Marpa Kagyu in his honour.

Although some accounts relate that the Mahasiddha Naropa was the personal teacher of Marpa, other accounts suggest that Marpa held Naropa's lineage through intermediary disciples only. Either way, Marpa was a personal student of the Mahasiddha Maitripa and of the dakini Niguma.
54th Rifle Division (Soviet Union)
The 54th Rifle Division was an infantry division of the Soviet Union's Red Army and Soviet Army, formed twice. The division was formed in 1936 and fought in the Winter War. The division spent most of World War II in Karelia fighting with Finnish troops in the Continuation War. After Finland left the war the division was relocated southward and fought in the East Prussian Offensive and the Prague Offensive in 1945. The division was disbanded in the summer of that year. The 54th Rifle Division was awarded the Order of Lenin, the Order of the Red Banner and the Order of Kutuzov 2nd class. It was also awarded the honorific "Masuria" for its actions in the East Prussian Offensive. The division was reformed in 1955 from the 341st Rifle Division and became a motor rifle division in 1957.

Kalevala, Russia
Kalevala (Russian: Калевала; Karelian: Kalevala) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) and the administrative center of Kalevalsky District in the Republic of Karelia, Russia. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 4,529.
Hydroxymethyl group
The hydroxymethyl group is a substituent with the structural formula −CH2−OH. It consists of a methylene bridge (−CH2− unit) bonded to a hydroxyl group (−OH). This makes the hydroxymethyl group an alcohol. It has the identical chemical formula with the methoxy group (−O−CH3) that differs only in the attachment site and orientation to the rest of the molecule. However, their chemical properties are different.

Hydroxymethyl is the side chain of encoded amino acid serine.

Methoxy group
In organic chemistry, a methoxy group is the functional group consisting of a methyl group bound to oxygen. This alkoxy group has the formula R−O−CH3.

On a benzene ring, the Hammett equation classifies a methoxy substituent at the para position as an electron-donating group, but as an electron-withdrawing group if at the meta position. At the ortho position, steric effects are likely to cause a significant alteration in the Hammett equation prediction, which otherwise follows the same trend as that of the para position.
Clarkston (play)
Clarkston is a 90-minute, one-act play written by Samuel D. Hunter, that won the 2015 Edgerton Foundation New Play Award. The play is set in Clarkston, Washington, with a focus on American narratives of isolation, mortality and human connection against the backdrop of a Costco warehouse. The play was crafted as a companion piece to Lewiston, with both plays examining descendants of Lewis and Clark grappling with the remains of American frontier spirit.

The play premiered at the Dallas Theater Center in December 2015. A joint production with Lewiston premiered Off-Broadway at the Rattlesticks Playwrights Theater in 2018, earning a Clive Barnes Award for Edmund Donovan (playing Jake), and a Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Play nomination. In 2025, Trafalgar Theater hosted the West End premiere, featuring Joe Locke as Jake.

Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Play
The Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Play is an annual award presented by Drama Desk in recognition of achievements in the theatre across collective Broadway, off-Broadway and off-off-Broadway productions in New York City. The award was initially introduced in 1955 as the Vernon Rice Award for Outstanding Achievement in Theatre, before being removed from the ceremony between 1960 and 1974. The award returned in the 1975 ceremony, with its current title.

Tom Stoppard holds the record for most wins in the category, with three, followed closely by Peter Shaffer, August Wilson, Joshua Harmon, Terrence McNally and Tony Kushner with two wins each, with the latter two winning theirs consecutively. Alan Ayckbourn holds the record for most nominations in the category, with eight.
Maritime Provinces (Ceylon)
The Maritime Provinces was an administrative region of British Ceylon from 15 February 1796 to 1 October 1833, which consisted of the maritime districts of the former Dutch Governorate of Ceylon, which was ceded to the British following the Invasion of Ceylon.

The Colebrooke–Cameron Commission brought the Kandyan Provinces and the Maritime Provinces under an administrative system of a unified territory for the whole island. The reforms divided the colony into five provinces, with each province further subdivided into four or five districts on 1 October 1833.

Dutch Ceylon
Dutch Ceylon (Sinhala: ලන්දේසි ලංකාව; Tamil: ஒல்லாந்த இலங்கை) was a governorate established in present-day Sri Lanka by the Dutch East India Company. Although the Dutch managed to capture most of the coastal areas in Sri Lanka, they were never able to control the Kingdom of Kandy located in the interior of the island. Dutch Ceylon existed from 1640 until 1796.

In the early 17th century, Sri Lanka was partly ruled by the Portuguese and partly by Sri Lankan (primarily of Sinhalese origin) kingdoms, who were constantly battling the Portuguese. Although the Portuguese were not winning the war, their rule was oppressive to the people of those areas controlled by them. While the Portuguese were engaged in a long war of independence from Spanish rule, the Sinhalese king (the king of Kandy) invited the Dutch to help defeat the Portuguese. The Dutch interest in Ceylon was to have a united battle front against the Iberians at that time.
Literature circle
A literature circle, or literature club, is equivalent for young people of an adult book club, but with greater structure, expectation and rigor. The aim is to encourage thoughtful discussion and a love of reading in young people. The intent of literature circles is "to allow students to practice and develop the skills and strategies of good readers" (DaLie, 2001).

Youth
Youth is the time of life when one is young. The word, youth, can also mean the time between childhood and adulthood (maturity), but it can also refer to one's peak, in terms of health or the period of life known as being a young adult. Youth is also defined as "the appearance, freshness, vigor, spirit, etc., characteristic of one, who is young". Its definitions of a specific age range varies, as youth is not defined chronologically as a stage that can be tied to specific age ranges; nor can its end point be linked to specific activities, such as taking unpaid work, or having sexual relations.

Youth is an experience that may shape an individual's level of dependency, which can be marked in various ways according to different cultural perspectives. Personal experience is marked by an individual's cultural norms or traditions, while a youth's level of dependency means the extent to which they still rely on their family emotionally and economically.
Rumpole of the Bailey (radio series)
Rumpole of the Bailey is a radio series created and written by the British writer and barrister John Mortimer based on the television series Rumpole of the Bailey. Five different actors portrayed Horace Rumpole in these episodes: Leo McKern, Maurice Denham, Timothy West, Benedict Cumberbatch, and Julian Rhind-Tutt.

John Mortimer
Sir John Clifford Mortimer (21 April 1923 – 16 January 2009) was a British barrister, dramatist, screenwriter and author. He is best known for short stories about a barrister named Horace Rumpole, adapted from episodes of the TV series Rumpole of the Bailey also written by Mortimer.
That Old Wheel
"That Old Wheel" is a song written by Jennifer Pierce and recorded by Johnny Cash together with Hank Williams Jr. for Cash's Jack Clement–produced 1988 album Water from the Wells of Home.

Released in September 1988 as the lead single from the album, the song reached number 21 on U.S. Billboard's country chart for the week of December 3. The other side of the single was a recording of Cash singing "Tennessee Flat Top Box" from the 1988 album Classic Cash – Hall of Fame Series.

Jack Clement
Jack Henderson Clement (April 5, 1931 – August 8, 2013) was an American musician, songwriter, record producer, film producer, and music executive.

He was producer and engineer for Sam Phillips at Sun Records in its early days, discovering Jerry Lee Lewis and recording the "Million Dollar Quartet" session with Lewis, Carl Perkins, Elvis Presley, and Johnny Cash.

Clement played a key role in launching the career of Charley Pride, writing several of Pride's biggest hit songs and producing 20 albums for the singer. Clement was inducted into the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame, Rockabilly Hall of Fame, Memphis Music Hall of Fame, and Music City Walk of Fame.
LAMOST 1
LAMOST 1 is a star cluster in the constellation Draco. It has been disrupted and consists of a comoving star-stream with about 25,000 stars. The stars are in an elliptical orbit near their apocenter (furthest point) about 8,500 light years distant in the Milky Way. The stars have similar age and metallicity. The stars were discovered in spectra from the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fibre Spectroscopic Telescope.

LAMOST
The Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST), also known as the Guo Shoujing Telescope (Chinese: 郭守敬望远镜) after the 13th-century Chinese astronomer, is a meridian reflecting Schmidt telescope, located in Xinglong Station, Hebei Province, China. Undertaken by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the telescope is planned to conduct a 5-year spectroscopic survey of 10 million Milky Way stars, as well as millions of galaxies. The project's budget is RMB 235 million yuan.