hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ludewa District
Ludewa District is one of six districts in the Njombe Region in Tanzania, East Africa. Prior to 2012, the district was one of the seven districts of Iringa Region. The town of Ludewa is the administrative seat of the district. A hospital is located in the city. The district is bordered to the north by the Njombe Rural District and Makete District, to the southeast by the Ruvuma Region and to the southwest by the country of Malawi across Lake Nyasa.: 6

In 2016 the Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics report there were 137,520 people in the district, from 133,218 in 2012.: 167-168 : 204

Ruvuma Region
Ruvuma Region (Mkoa wa Ruvuma in Swahili) is one of Tanzania's 31 administrative regions.  The region covers a land area of 63,669 km2 (24,583 sq mi), comparable in size to the nation state of Latvia. The region is also bordered to the north by the Morogoro Region, to the northeast by the Lindi Region, to the east by the Mtwara Region, the west by Lake Nyasa with Malawi and to the northwest by the Njombe Region. The regional capital is the municipality of Songea.

According to the 2012 national census, the region had a population of 1,376,891, which was lower than the pre-census projection of 1,449,830. For 2002–2012, the region's 2.1 percent average annual population growth rate was the twentieth highest in the country. It was also the 28th most densely populated region with 22 inhabitants per square kilometre (57/sq mi).
Champara
Champara or Champará is a mountain in the north of the Cordillera Blanca in the Andes of Peru and has an elevation of 5,735 metres (18,816 ft). It is located in Yuracmarca District, Huaylas Province, within the region of Ancash. Champara lies southeast of the lake Quyllurqucha.

In 1932 Erwin Hein, Hermann Hoerlin, and Erwin Schneider made an attempt on the peak, they reached c.5000m but retreated in the face of fresh snow and heightened avalanche risk. The first recorded ascent was made by Schneider and Arnold Awerzger in June 1936.

Yuracmarca District
Yuracmarca or Yuraq Marka (Quechua yuraq white, marka village, "white village") is one of 10 districts of the Huaylas Province in the Ancash Region of Peru. The capital of the district is the village of Yuracmarca.
Watha T. Daniel
Watha T. Daniel (1911 – December 8, 1973) was the first chairman of the DC Model Cities Commission and long time civic activist in the Shaw Neighborhood of Washington, D.C. He was a master plumber by profession, and he served as chairman of the D.C. Plumbing Board.

Shaw (Washington, D.C.)
Shaw is a neighborhood of Washington, D.C., located in the Northwest quadrant. Shaw is a major entertainment and retail hub, and much of the neighborhood is designated as a historic district, including the smaller Blagden Alley-Naylor Court Historic District.  Shaw and the U Street Corridor have historically been the city's hub for African-American social, cultural, and economic life.
Gymnastics at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Men's artistic team all-around
The Men's artistic gymnastics team all-around (AA) competition at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro was held on 8 August 2016 at the HSBC Arena.

The medals were presented by Tsunekazu Takeda (Japan), Ivo Ferriani (Italy) and Luis Alberto Moreno (Colombia) and members of the International Olympic Committee. Gifts were presented by Bruno Grandi (President of the FIG), Michel Léglise (Vice President of the FIG) and Jani Tanskanen (President of the Athletes' Commission for the FIG).

Bruno Grandi
Bruno Grandi (9 May 1934 – 13 September 2019) was an Italian sportsman who served as president of the FIG (Federation Internationale de Gymnastique) from 1996 to 2016 and was a member of the International Olympic Committee from 2000 to 2004.
Cradlehall
Cradlehall was originally the name given to the hall built by Major William Caulfeild, later known as Cradlehall Farmhouse. The name "Cradle" supposedly comes from a pulley-operated lift (called a cradle) that was used to hoist drunken guests up to their rooms after they'd had too much red wine.

Today it is a residential area in the east of Inverness, Scotland. In addition to housing, Cradlehall has a business park and a number of small businesses. The area was expanded recently with the development of Kessock View.

Residential area
A residential area is a land used in which housing predominates, as opposed to industrial and commercial areas.

Housing may vary significantly between, and through, residential areas. These include single-family housing, multi-family residential, or mobile homes. Zoning for residential use may permit some services or work opportunities or may totally exclude business and industry. It may permit high density land use or only permit low density uses.  Residential zoning usually includes a smaller FAR (floor area ratio) than business, commercial or industrial/manufacturing zoning. The area may be large or small.
La Vega raid
The La Vega raid was a police raid that occurred on 8 January 2021 in La Vega Parish, Caracas, Venezuela. The objective of the raid was to take control of La Vega Parish, which was controlled by a criminal organization, led by Leonardo José Polanco Angulo; he was a drug lord, known as "El Loco Leo". Members of the Venezuelan National Police (PNB), the Special Action Forces (FAES) and the Venezuelan National Guard seized control of the parish, killing a number of people in the neighborhood. According to investigative journalists and human rights organizations, the death toll was 23 people. By 11 January, no member of the Nicolás Maduro administration had made a statement about the events or announced a death toll.

Police raid
A police raid is an unexpected visit by police or other law enforcement officers, which aims to use the element of surprise to seize evidence or arrest suspects believed to be likely to hide evidence, resist arrest, endanger the public or officers if approached through other means, or simply be elsewhere at another time. Various tactics are used by law enforcement in raids that often vary based on available equipment, situational factors, laws, and police powers.
WGOS
WGOS (1070 AM) is a radio station broadcasting a Spanish Christian radio format. Licensed to High Point, North Carolina, it serves the Piedmont Triad area.  The station is owned by Iglesia Nueva Vida, a national religious broadcaster.

WGOS is a daytimer station.  By day, it is powered at 1,000 watts, using a non-directional antenna.  But because 1070 AM is a clear channel frequency reserved for Class A KNX Los Angeles, WGOS must sign off at night to avoid interference.  Programming is heard around the clock on 100 watt FM translator W248CW at 97.5 MHz in High Point.

High Point, North Carolina
High Point is a city in the Piedmont Triad region of the U.S. state of North Carolina. Most of the city is in Guilford County, with parts extending into Randolph, Davidson, and Forsyth counties. As of the 2020 census the city had a total population of 114,059. High Point is the ninth-most populous in North Carolina, the third-largest municipality in the Piedmont Triad, and the 259th-most populous city in the U.S.

Major industries in High Point include furniture, textiles, and bus manufacturing. The city's official slogan is "North Carolina's International City" due to the semi-annual High Point Furniture Market that attracts 100,000 exhibitors and buyers from around the world. It is home to High Point University, a private Methodist-affiliated institution founded in 1924.

The current mayor of High Point is Cyril Jefferson.
Bill Towers (politician)
William John Towers, MM (25 March 1892 – 18 March 1962) was an Australian politician.

Towers was born in Collingwood to labourer John Towers and Ellen Heath. He served in the Australian Imperial Force during the First World War, seeing action at Gallipoli and in France, where he was awarded the Military Medal. On 2 July 1919, he married May Josephine Cunneen, with whom he had two children. He joined the Labor Party in 1927 and was a member of Collingwood City Council from 1930 to 1931 and from 1937 to 1952, serving twice as mayor (1939–40, 1943–45).
In 1947, Towers was elected to the Victorian Legislative Assembly for Collingwood. He transferred to Richmond in 1958 and served until his death at Fitzroy in 1962.

Electoral district of Collingwood
Collingwood was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Victoria from 1856 to 1958. It centred on the Melbourne suburb of Collingwood, Victoria.

The district of Collingwood was one of the initial districts of the first Victorian Legislative Assembly, 1856.

It was defined initially as:

Commencing at the Junction of Nicholson Street and  Victoria Parade, thence by the Western side of Nicholson Street to the Northern Boundary of the Corporate Limits of Melbourne, thence on the North by the said Boundary Line bearing East to the Merri Merri Creek, thence by the Merri Merri Creek to its Junction with the Yarra Yarra River, thence by the Yarra Yarra River to the South-east Corner of Section No. 63, Parish of Jika Jika, thence by a Line West to Victoria Street, and thence on the South by the Northern Side of Victoria Street and Victoria Parade to the commencing Point.
Power canal
A power canal is a canal used for hydraulic power generation, rather than for transport of watercraft. The power canal was a major factor in the Industrial Revolution in New England in the 19th century. Most early power canals were mill races used mechanically to transfer power directly from falling water to machinery in mill buildings. Later, the hydraulic power generated electricity locally for the same mill factories. These power canals were often filled in as electricity (transported by power lines) replaced the need for local water power, and road transport needs or city expansion needs reclaimed the land. Some hydraulic power canals were transformed into local electric generators, but most were closed. Remains of power canals can be seen in old mill towns and are often protected as historical structures today.

Mill town
A mill town, also known as factory town or mill village, is a community that developed around one or more textile or other industrial mills, where the local economy centered on mill production and company owners typically provided housing, stores, schools, and other services to support workers and their families. Emerging prominently during the early 19th-century Industrial Revolution, mill towns harnessed water power from rivers to mechanize textile manufacturing, initially concentrating in New England before expanding southward, where they eclipsed northern production by the 1920s through lower labor costs and abundant resources. These towns featured a paternalistic social structure, with mill corporations exerting broad influence over daily life to ensure labor stability and productivity, fostering economic booms that built infrastructure but also vulnerability to market fluctuations, technological changes, and eventual deindustrialization.
Cycling at the 2020 Summer Paralympics – Women's road race H1–4
The women's road race H1-4 cycling event at the 2020 Summer Paralympics took place on 1 September 2021, at the Fuji Speedway in Shizuoka Prefecture. 16 riders competed in the event.

The event covers the following four classifications, all of which uses hand-operated bicycles:

H1: tetraplegics with severe upper limb impairment to the C6 vertebra.

H2: tetraplegics with minor upper limb impairment from C7 through T3.

H3: paraplegics with impairment from T4 through T10.

H4: paraplegics with impairment from T11 down, and amputees unable to kneel.

Para-cycling classification
Para-cycling classification is the process of classifying participants in para-cycling covering four functional disability types.  The classification system includes classes for handcycles for people who have lower limb mobility issues. The sport is governed by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI).
Paolo Brenner
Paolo Brenner (born 21 May 1966, in Höchstädt an der Donau) is a German physician and a professor of cardiac surgery at the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Klinikum Großhadern of the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU). He is known for his work in the fields of xenotransplantation, the advancement of  artificial hearts, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation  (ECMO) and lung transplantation.

LMU Klinikum
The LMU Klinikum (until 2020 Klinikum der Universität München) is the hospital complex of LMU Munich in Germany. It includes the Campus Innenstadt in the city centre and the Campus Großhadern in Hadern.

The hospital has more than 2,000 beds and includes 48 clinics, institutes and departments, making it one of the largest hospitals in Europe.

In 2015, LMU Munich was ranked as Germany's leading university in the subject area "Clinical, pre-clinical and health" by the Times Higher Education World University Ranking.
Neeli Bar
Neeli Bar (Urdu: نیلی بار) is a geographical region in Punjab, Pakistan, located between the rivers Ravi and Satluj.

"Bar" is the name given to areas in Punjab which were thick forests before the arrival of the modern canal irrigation system. Its soil is very fertile, as this plain is formed by the mud that has been collected over millennia by rivers flowing from the Himalayas. This region consists of the districts Sahiwal, Okara and Pakpattan in Pakistani Punjab. This region is famous for the domestic water buffalo breed, the Nili-Ravi.

Sahiwal
Sahiwal (Punjabi / Urdu: ساہيوال; Punjabi pronunciation: [sä˦ʱi̯.ʋälᵊ]; Urdu pronunciation: [ˈsɑːˌɦiːˈʋɑːl]), formerly known as Montgomery in British India, is a city in central Punjab, Pakistan.

It is the administrative capital of both Sahiwal District and Sahiwal Division. It is the 19th most populous city of Pakistan, according to the 2023 census. Sahiwal is located approximately 180 km from the major city Lahore and 100 km from Faisalabad and lies between Lahore and Multan.

Sahiwal is approximately 152 meters above the sea level.
Ontario Classical Association
The Ontario Classical Association (OCA) was founded in 1944 with Eric A. Havelock as its first president.  The association promotes the study of classics through lobbying, scholarships, and colloquia for members.  Its membership consists primarily of university and secondary school classics teachers, as well as students and amateurs.

The group's second president was Reginald Seeley, who would go on to become the first president of the Classical Association of Canada in 1947. The OCA was the original publisher of Phoenix, and it was edited at the time by Mary White.

Reginald Seeley
Reginald Sidney Kingsley Seeley (1908 – 12 July 1957) was an Anglican Dean of Ontario and Provost of Trinity College, Toronto.

He was born in India, the son of G. H. Seeley, Archdeacon of Rangoon and educated at Marlborough College and Christ's College, Cambridge, graduating B.A. in 1930 and M.A. in 1933. He was ordained in 1932.

After acting as chaplain of St. John’s College, Cambridge from 1934 to 1938, he was appointed Professor of Exegetical Theology at St John's College, Winnipeg and became a canon of St. John’s Cathedral there. In 1941 he was appointed Warden of St. John’s college and examining chaplain to the Bishop of Rupert's Land.

In 1943 he was made Rector of St George's Cathedral, Kingston and  Dean of Ontario, serving until 1945, when he accepted the post of Provost at Trinity College, Toronto.

He died on 3 August 1957 in Trenton, Ontario from injuries received in a car accident that took place on 12 June 1957.
Ingvar Wixell
Karl Gustaf Ingvar Wixell (7 May 1931 – 8 October 2011) was a Swedish baritone who had an active international career in operas and concerts from 1955 to 2003. He mostly sang roles from the Italian repertory, and, according to The New York Times, "was best known for his steady-toned, riveting portrayals of the major baritone roles of Giuseppe Verdi — among them Rigoletto, Simon Boccanegra, Amonasro in Aida, and Germont in La traviata". He was the Swedish entrant in the Eurovision Song Contest 1965.

La traviata
La traviata (Italian: [la traviˈaːta, -aˈvjaː-]; The Fallen Woman) is an opera in three acts by Giuseppe Verdi set to an Italian libretto by Francesco Maria Piave. It is based on La Dame aux camélias (1852), a play by Alexandre Dumas fils, which he adapted from his own 1848 novel. The opera was originally titled Violetta, after the main character. It was first performed on 6 March 1853 at La Fenice opera house in Venice.

Piave and Verdi wanted to follow Dumas in giving the opera a contemporary setting, but the authorities at La Fenice insisted that it be set in the past, "c. 1700". It was not until the 1880s that the composer's and librettist's original wishes were carried out and "realistic" productions were staged. La traviata has become immensely popular and is among the most frequently performed of all operas.
Nameswara Temple, Pillalamarri
Nameswara Temple, also known as Parvati Mahadeva Nameswara temple, is a Saivite Hindu temple located in Pillalamarri, Suryapet district of Telangana, India. It is a double temple, with the Trikuteswara Temple aligned in parallel to it on the immediate north. The Nameswara temple was constructed on the banks of the Musi river in c. 1202 CE by Namireddi of the Recherla family, who ruled this region and served as the feudatories of Kakatiyas.  The genealogy of Namireddi, is given in the inscription on the pillar.

Nameswara Temple is one among the four prominent and intricately carved stone and granite temples located in Pillalamarri village, earlier a major city during the Kakatiya era in early 2nd-millennium. The other three being Erakeswara Temple (Shiva), Trikuteswara Temple (Shiva) and Chennakesava temple (Vishnu).

Suryapet district
Suryapet district is a district in the Indian state of Telangana. The city of Suryapet is the district headquarters. The district has three revenue divisions Suryapet, Kodad and Huzurnagar. It is sub-divided into 23 mandals. The district shares boundaries with Nalgonda, Khammam, Yadadri, Jangaon and Mahabubabad districts and with the state of Andhra Pradesh.
Timeline of events preceding World War II
This timeline of events preceding World War II covers the events (mostly during the interwar period [1918–1939] after World War I) that affected or led to World War II.

Leaders of major participating countries

Duce Benito Mussolini Italy1922–1943

Führer Adolf Hitler Germany1933–1945

Emperor Hirohito Japan1926–1989

Chairman Joseph Stalin Soviet Union1924–1953

King George VI United Kingdom1936–1952

Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek China1928–1975

President Franklin D. Roosevelt United States1933–1945

President of the Republic of China
The president of the Republic of China, also known as the president of Taiwan, is the head of state of the Republic of China (Taiwan), as well as the commander-in-chief of the Republic of China Armed Forces. Before 1949 the position had the authority of ruling over mainland China, but losing control of it after communist victory in the Chinese Civil War, the remaining jurisdictions of the ROC have been limited to Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu, and smaller islands.

Originally elected by the National Assembly, the presidency was intended to be a ceremonial office with no real executive power because the ROC was originally envisioned as a parliamentary republic. Since the 1996 election however, the president has been directly elected by plurality voting to a four-year term, with incumbents limited to serving two terms. The current president is Lai Ching-te of the Democratic Progressive Party, preceded by Tsai Ing-wen from the same party.
Lectionary 322
Lectionary 322 (Gregory-Aland), designated by siglum ℓ 322 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering) is a Greek manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 11th-century. The manuscript has survived in complete condition.

Scribal abbreviation
Scribal abbreviations, or sigla (singular: siglum), are abbreviations used by ancient and medieval scribes writing in various languages, including Latin, Greek, Old English and Old Norse.

In modern manuscript editing (substantive and mechanical) sigla are the symbols used to indicate the source manuscript (e.g. variations in text between different such manuscripts).
New Zealand women's cricket team in Australia in 1990–91
The New Zealand women's national cricket team toured Australia in January 1991. They played against Australia in three One Day Internationals, which were to contest the Rose Bowl. Australia won the series 2–1.

Rose Bowl series
The Rose Bowl series is a series of Women's One Day International cricket matches between Australia and New Zealand that has been running since February 1985. It was originally known as the Shell Rose Bowl; the name was changed to the Rose Bowl Series in 2001.

Until 2000, the tournament took place annually, with matches alternating between the two countries. However, since then the format has changed regularly. The most recent series, held in Australia, took place in late 2020 in Brisbane.

Australia has dominated the tournament, winning 22 series to New Zealand's three, and New Zealand have only won 4 of 36 matches in the 21st century. New Zealand's last series victory came in the 1998-99 cricket season, when they defeated Australia over three matches in Palmerston North in New Zealand. Their only series victory in Australia was achieved in 1987, when they won two of the three matches in Perth.
José María Iglesias
José María Juan Nepomuceno Crisóforo Iglesias Inzáurraga (5 January 1823 – 17 December 1891) was a Mexican lawyer, professor, journalist and liberal politician. He is known as author of the Iglesias law, an anticlerical law regulating ecclesiastical fees and aimed at preventing the impoverishment of the Mexican peasantry.

From 31 October 1876 to 23 January 1877, as revolts against the presidency of Sebastian Lerdo de Tejada broke out, he claimed the interim presidency of Mexico. However, he was never undisputed president. President Lerdo was overthrown and Porfirio Díaz emerged as the victor in the ensuing power struggles, after which Iglesias went into exile to the United States.

Anti-clericalism
Anti-clericalism is opposition to religious authority, typically in social or political matters. Historically, anti-clericalism in Christian traditions has been opposed to the influence of Catholicism.

Some have opposed clergy on the basis of moral corruption, institutional issues and/or disagreements in religious interpretation, such as during the Protestant Reformation. Anti-clericalism became extremely violent during the French Revolution, because revolutionaries claimed the church played a pivotal role in the systems of oppression which led to it. Many clerics were killed, and French revolutionary governments tried to put priests under the control of the state by making them employees.

Anti-clericalism appeared in Catholic Europe throughout the 19th century, in various forms, and later in Canada, Cuba, and Latin America.
Polystyle Publications
Polystyle Publications Ltd was a British publisher of children's comics and books that operated from 1960 to 1997, publishing such titles as TV Comic, I-Spy, Pippin, Countdown/TV Action, and BEEB.

The company's registered offices were at Polly Perkins House, Paddington Green, 382/386 Edgware Road, London W2. Its publications were distributed in the United Kingdom by The Argus Press Ltd of 12/18 Paul Street, London EC2. Overseas, Polystyle's publications were distributed by its sole agents: for Australia and New Zealand, Messrs Gordon & Gotch (Asia) Ltd; for South Africa, the Central News Agency Ltd.

W postcode area
The W (Western and Paddington) postcode area, also known as the London W postcode area is a group of postcode districts covering part of central and part of West London, England. The area originates from the Western (W1) and Paddington (W2-14) districts of the London postal district. This area covers 35 postcode districts and around 18,554 live postcodes.