hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Military career of Ivan Sirko
The military career of Ivan Sirko spanned for nearly 60 years. He led the Zaporozhian Cossack army first as Polkovnyk (Colonel) and later as Kosh Otaman, position to which he was re-elected at least 8 times. Sirko's exploits against the Ottoman Empire and Crimean Khanate gained attention of entire Europe. He later became an inspiration and key figure of Ilya Repin's Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks. Ivan Sirko was particularly memorized in poems and literature. In Ukraine, Sirko is considered to be a national hero.

Ivan Sirko's military career is legendary. According to historian Dmytro Yavornytsky, Sirko led 55 campaigns during his career and never lost a battle. Recent research allows to increase number of Sirko's battles and campaigns, but Sirko wasn't confirmed to have suffered a defeat in any of them. Only Polish sources claim Sirko suffered 3 defeats in battle. New sources put Sirko's military record at over 65 victories in battles.

Crimean Khanate
The Crimean Khanate, self-defined as the Throne of Crimea and Desht-i Kipchak, and in old European historiography and geography known as Little Tartary, was a Crimean Tatar state existing from 1441 to 1783. Established by Hacı I Giray in 1441.

In 1783, violating the 1774 Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca (which had guaranteed non-interference of both Russia and the Ottoman Empire in the affairs of the Crimean Khanate), the Russian Empire annexed the khanate. Among the European powers, only France came out with an open protest against this act, due to the longstanding Franco-Ottoman alliance.
Đuro Pucar
Đurađ "Đuro" Pucar "Stari" (Serbian Cyrillic: Ђурађ Ђуро Пуцар Стари, pronounced [dʑǔradʑ dʑûro pǔtsar]; 13 December 1899 – 12 April 1979) was a Yugoslav and Bosnian Serb politician.

During World War II he was a member of the Yugoslav Partisans and was later decorated with the Order of the People's Hero and twice with the Order of the Hero of Socialist Labour. After the war he held the position of the President of the Presidency of the People's Assembly of the People's Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina from 1946–48 and from 1948–53 he served as the Prime Minister (later President of the Executive Council) of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Banja Luka
Banja Luka (Serbian Cyrillic: Бања Лука, pronounced [bǎɲa lǔːka] ⓘ) or Banjaluka (Serbian Cyrillic: Бањалука, pronounced [baɲalǔːka]) is the second largest city in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the most populous in Republika Srpska. It is Republika Srpska‘s main economic, political, and administrative center. Banja Luka is the traditional centre of the densely forested Bosanska Krajina region of northwestern Bosnia & Herzegovina. According to the 2013 census, the city proper has a population of 138,963, while its administrative area comprises a total of 185,042 inhabitants.

The city is home to the University of Banja Luka and the University Clinical Center of the Republika Srpska, as well as numerous entities and state institutions for the Republika Srpska and Bosnia and Herzegovina, respectively. The city is located on the Vrbas river. Banja Luka was designated a European city of Sport in 2018.
Adrien Arcand
Adrien Arcand (October 3, 1899 – August 1, 1967) was a Canadian fascist politician, writer, and journalist. He founded and led the far-right National Unity Party of Canada from 1934 until his death in 1967. During his political career, he proclaimed himself as the "Canadian Führer".

Arcand was detained by the federal government for the duration of the World War II under the Defence of Canada Regulations.

La Presse
La Presse is a French-language online newspaper published daily in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Founded in 1884, it is now owned by an independent nonprofit trust.

La Presse was formerly a broadsheet daily, considered a newspaper of record in Canada. Its Sunday edition was discontinued in 2009, and the weekday edition in 2016. The weekend Saturday printed edition was discontinued on 31 December 2017, turning La Presse into an entirely online newspaper.
Thomas Willis (sailor)
Thomas Willis  (1756-1797) was a sailor with the Second voyage of James Cook.

Willis was born in 1756, the son of Richard Willis, M.A., Rector of Hartley Mauditt, Hampshire, by his wife Anne (née) Hawkins. Thomas Willis began his career in the Royal Navy aboard HMS Dunkirk in 1769; he served on several other ships before joining the crew of Captain James Cook on HMS Resolution in 1772. The Willis Islands in the South Georgia Islands were named for Willis, the first to sight them. Willis kept a journal of his time with Cook.

Following the voyage, he was commissioned as a lieutenant in 1778, and joined HMS Sultan. He lost his right leg in 1782 whilst serving as second lieutenant aboard the Royal William, during skirmishes with French and Spanish forces. Willis married Mary, daughter of Anthony Kirkham, of Deal, Kent, in 1781, and had a son, Richard. Willis died 15 July 1797. The Victoria Cross recipient Major Richard Raymond Willis was the great-great-great nephew of Thomas Willis.

Richard Raymond Willis
Major Richard Raymond Willis VC (13 October 1876 – 9 February 1966) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.
Aquilonifer
Aquilonifer spinosus is an extinct species of arthropod from the Silurian period. It is known from a single fossil specimen found in the Wenlock Series Lagerstätte of Herefordshire, England, in rocks about 430 million years old. The 1 cm long specimen is a stem-group mandibulate, not directly related to any living species. The many-legged, eyeless adult has ten unusual tethered appendages, interpreted as juveniles attached to the parent, in a unique form and previously unknown brooding behaviour.

Studies in 2018 and 2022 unexpectedly recovered Aquilonifer as a possible close relative of Pycnogonida and Marrellomorpha, suggesting that the latter is a paraphyletic group.

Mandibulata
The clade Mandibulata constitutes one of the major subdivisions of the phylum Arthropoda, alongside Chelicerata. Mandibulates include the myriapods (centipedes and millipedes, among others), and the pancrustaceans (including all true insects). The name "Mandibulata" refers to the mandibles, a modified pair of limbs used in food processing, the presence of which are characteristic of most members of the group.

The mandibulates are divided between the extant groups Myriapoda (millipedes and centipedes, among others) and Pancrustacea (including crustaceans and hexapods, the latter group containing insects). Molecular phylogenetic studies suggest that the living arthropods are related as shown in the cladogram below. Crustaceans do not form a monophyletic group as insects and other hexapods have evolved from within them.

A number of extinct groups have also been placed in Mandibulata, including Hymenocarina, Euthycarcinoidea, and Fuxianhuiida.

Cladogram after O’Flynn et al, 2023:
Jack Thoney
John Thoney or John Thoeny [Bullet Jack] (December 8, 1879 – October 24, 1948) was an American reserve outfielder / infielder in Major League Baseball who played from 1902 through 1911 for the Cleveland Bronchos (1902–1903), Baltimore Orioles (1902), Washington Senators (1904), New York Highlanders (1904), and Boston Red Sox (1908–1911). Listed at 5 ft 10 in (1.78 m), 175 lb., Thoney batted and threw right-handed. He was born in Fort Thomas, Kentucky.

In a six-season career, Thoney was a .237 hitter (216-for-912) with three home runs and 73 RBI in 264 games, including 112 runs, 23 doubles, 12 triples and 42 stolen bases. He made 225 appearances at left field (97), center field (52), third base (31), right field (15), second base (19), and shortstop (11).

Thoney was born to a family of German descent. He died at the age of 68 in Covington, Kentucky.

Fort Thomas, Kentucky
Fort Thomas is a home rule-class city in Campbell County, Kentucky, United States, on the southern bank of the Ohio River and the site of an 1890 US Army post. The population was 17,483 at the 2020 census, making it the largest city in Campbell County. It is part of the Cincinnati – Northern Kentucky metropolitan area.
Clive Francis
Clive Francis (born 26 June 1946) is a British actor and illustrator, known for his work in television, film, and theatre. He has appeared in television dramas and comedies, including Poldark, Yes, Prime Minister, and The Crown. His film credits include A Clockwork Orange (1971) and Mr. Turner (2014). Francis has performed with the Royal Shakespeare Company and in West End productions. He is also an illustrator, having produced artwork for books and theatre productions.

Yes, Prime Minister (2013 TV series)
Yes, Prime Minister is a British political satire sitcom from 2013, written by Antony Jay and Jonathan Lynn. The series is a revival of the sitcom Yes Minister, and Yes, Prime Minister,  which ran from 1986 to 1988. It stars David Haig as Prime Minister Jim Hacker, Henry Goodman as Sir Humphrey, Chris Larkin as Bernard Woolley, and Zoe Telford as Claire Sutton. The revived series was based on a 2010 stage production, which was also written by Jay and Lynn.
Nadine Poss
Nadine Poss (born 1991), from Windesheim in the German wine region of Nahe, was chosen as the 65th German Wine Queen on 13 September 2013 in Offenburg as the successor to Julia Bertram from the Ahr wine region. She thus became the eighth German Wine Queen from the Nahe. The wine princesses during her twelve-month reign are Ramona Diegel (Rheinhessen) and Sabine Wagner (Rheingau). The German Wine Queen is traditionally crowned in the town of Neustadt an der Weinstraße. By exception that year the ceremony took place in Offenburg. The occasion was the 100th anniversary of the Baden Vintners' Association.

Offenburg
Offenburg (German pronunciation: [ˈɔfn̩ˌbʊʁk] ⓘ; "open borough" - coat of arms showing open gates; Low Alemmanic: Offäburg) is a city in the state of Baden-Württemberg, in south-western Germany. With nearly 60,000 inhabitants (2019), it is the largest city and the administrative capital of the Ortenaukreis.
2014 NCAA Division I cross country championships
The 2014 NCAA Division I Cross Country Championships were the 76th NCAA Men's Division I Cross Country Championship and the 34th NCAA Women's Division I Cross Country Championship held at the LaVern Gibson Cross Country Course in Terre Haute, Indiana near the campus of Indiana State University on November 22, 2014. Four different cross country running championships were contested: men's and women's individual and team championships.

On the men's side, the team national championship was won by the Colorado Buffaloes, their fifth, and second consecutive, title, while the individual championship was won by Edward Cheserek, his second consecutive title, from Oregon. On the women's side, the team championship was won by the Michigan State Spartans, their first title, and the individual championship was won by Kate Avery of Iona, her first title.

Indiana State University
Indiana State University (ISU) is a public university in Terre Haute, Indiana, United States. It was founded in 1865 and offers over 100 undergraduate majors and more than 75 graduate and professional programs. Indiana State is classified among "D/PU: Doctoral/Professional Universities".
Dakota Community Bank & Trust Ballpark
Dakota Community Bank & Trust Ballpark is a baseball stadium in Dickinson, North Dakota. It is home to the Badlands Big Sticks of the Northwoods League, a collegiate summer baseball league; the Dickinson State University Blue Hawks baseball team; the Dickinson High School Midgets baseball team; and American Legion Baseball. In 1955 and 1956, the ballpark was home to the Dickinson Packers baseball team (also known as the Queen City Packers) of the Mandak League, an independent baseball league based in Manitoba and North Dakota.

Dickinson State University
Dickinson State University (DSU) is a public university in Dickinson, North Dakota, United States. It is part of the North Dakota University System.  It was founded in 1918 as Dickinson State Normal School and granted full university status in 1987.
Michael Tapper
Michael Tapper is an American musician and member of the Los Angeles band Fool's Gold. He was a member of the indie rock band We Are Scientists, with Keith Murray and Chris Cain, until November 2007. He played the drums for the band and assisted with backing vocals. He was also a member of Yellow Ostrich.

Fool's Gold (band)
Fool's Gold is an American musical collective that combines Western pop with African and Middle Eastern music. The group started as a side project of musicians Luke Top (a vocalist and bassist) and Lewis Pesacov (lead guitarist), who set out to explore their shared love of various forms of African music (specifically Congolese, Ethiopian, Eritrean and Malian), Krautrock, and 1980s dance influenced pop music.
Martin Kay
Martin Kay (1935 – 7 August 2021) was a British computer scientist, known especially for his work in computational linguistics.

Born and raised in the United Kingdom, he received his M.A. from Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1961. In 1958 he started to work at the Cambridge Language Research Unit, one of the earliest centres for research in what is now known as Computational Linguistics. In 1961, he moved to the Rand Corporation in Santa Monica, California, US, where he eventually became head of research in linguistics and machine translation. He left Rand in 1972 to become Chair of the Department of Computer Science at the University of California, Irvine. In 1974, he moved to the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center as a Research Fellow. In 1985, while retaining his position at Xerox PARC, he joined the faculty of Stanford University half-time. He was most recently Professor of Linguistics at Stanford University and Honorary Professor of Computational Linguistics at Saarland University.

Cambridge Language Research Unit
The Cambridge Language Research Unit (CLRU) was founded by Margaret Masterman in 1954 to bring together researches from different academic backgrounds to study the possibility of machine translation.

The Massachusetts Institute of Technology publication Machine Translation published a special issue in 1956 dedicated to the CLRU noting that mechanical translation was, at that time an area of study unexplored within the official curriculum of any English university. Based in Millington Road, Cambridge the unit picked up on the conjectural role of an intermediate language with antecedents in the seventeenth century work of John Wilkins and George Dalgarno.
Gladys Wanga
Gladys Atieno Wanga (née Nyasuna; born 7 March 1981) is a Kenyan politician who is the current Governor of Homa Bay County. She is the first female Governor from the Western Region of the Country and one of the seven female governors elected during the 2022 Kenyan General Election. She previously served as the County Woman Representative of Homa Bay County from 2013 to 2022.
She is married the formernon-Executive Chairperson of the Energy and Petroleum Regulatory Authority (EPRA), George Wanga.

County woman representative
A county women representative is a member of the National Assembly of Kenya who represents each one of the 47 counties in an at-large seat reserved for female members. The county women representatives serve in the national assembly alongside the 290 members elected from the constituencies, 12 nominated members and the Speaker of the National Assembly.
Pushforward (homology)
In algebraic topology, the pushforward of a continuous function  :  between two topological spaces is a homomorphism  between the homology groups for .

Homology is a functor which converts a topological space  into a sequence of homology groups . (Often, the collection of all such groups is referred to using the notation ; this collection has the structure of a graded ring.) In any category, a functor must induce a corresponding morphism. The pushforward is the morphism corresponding to the homology functor.

Graded ring
In mathematics, in particular abstract algebra, a graded ring is a ring such that the underlying additive group is a direct sum of abelian groups  such that ⁠⁠. The index set is usually the set of nonnegative integers or the set of integers, but can be any monoid. The direct sum decomposition is usually referred to as gradation or grading.

A graded module is defined similarly (see below for the precise definition). It generalizes graded vector spaces. A graded module that is also a graded ring is called a graded algebra. A graded ring could also be viewed as a graded ⁠⁠-algebra.

The associativity is not important (in fact not used at all) in the definition of a graded ring; hence, the notion applies to non-associative algebras as well; e.g., one can consider a graded Lie algebra.
Huai Thalaeng railway station
Huai Thalaeng railway station is a railway station located in Huai Thalaeng Subdistrict, Huai Thalaeng District, Nakhon Ratchasima Province. It is a class 2 railway station located 335.65 km (208.6 mi) from Bangkok railway station and is the main station for Huai Thalaeng District.

Hua Lamphong railway station
Bangkok (Hua Lamphong) railway station (Thai: สถานีกรุงเทพ (หัวลำโพง), RTGS: Sathani Krung Thep (Hua Lamphong)) is a railway station in Pathum Wan, the former central passenger terminal in Bangkok and the former railway hub of Thailand. It is in the center of the city in the Pathum Wan district, and is operated by the State Railway of Thailand (SRT). Long distance trains moved to the new central station at Krung Thep Aphiwat Central Terminal in 2023.
George Washington Gayles
George Washington Gayles (June 29, 1844 – March 5, 1924) was an American Baptist minister and state legislator in Mississippi. He served in the Mississippi House of Representatives from 1872 until 1875 and in the Mississippi Senate from 1878 until 1886. He was a candidate for the United States House of Representatives in 1892, but received only 6% of the vote due to the voter suppression laws of that period. He was also a noted Baptist minister and was known as the "Father of the Convention" of African American Baptists in Mississippi.

Mississippi House of Representatives
The Mississippi House of Representatives is the lower house of the Mississippi Legislature, the lawmaking body of the U.S. state of Mississippi, the upper house being the Mississippi Senate. According to the state constitution of 1890, it is to comprise no more than 122 members elected for four-year terms. To qualify as a member of the House, candidates must be at least 21 years old, a resident of Mississippi for at least four years, and a resident in the district for at least two years. Elections are held the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November.
Apollon Patras B.C. in international competitions
Apollon Patras B.C. in international competitions is the history and statistics of Apollon Patras B.C. in FIBA Europe and Euroleague Basketball Company European-wide professional club basketball competitions.

FIBA Korać Cup
The FIBA Korać Cup was an annual basketball club competition held by FIBA Europe between the 1971–72 and 2001–02 seasons. It was the third-tier level club competition in European basketball, after the FIBA European Champions Cup (later renamed the EuroLeague) and the FIBA Cup Winners Cup (later renamed the FIBA Saporta Cup). The last Korać Cup season was held during the 2001–02 season.
Tahnoun bin Mohammed Al Nahyan
Tahnoun bin Mohammed Al Nahyan (Arabic: طحنون بن محمد آل نهيان, romanized: ṭaḥnūn bin muḥammad ʾāl nahyān; 1942 – 1 May 2024) was an Emirati royal family member and businessman. He was the Ruler's Representative of the Eastern Region of the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, the United Arab Emirates until his death on 1 May 2024. He was previously deputy chairman of the Executive Council of Abu Dhabi, chairman of the Abu Dhabi National Oil Company and deputy chairman of the Supreme Petroleum Council. In November 2018, the road from Al Ain to Dubai was renamed in his honor.

Al Ain
Al Ain (Arabic: ٱلْعَيْن, romanized: Al-ʿAyn, lit. 'The Spring') is a city in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, and the seat of the administrative division of the Al Ain Region. The city is bordered to the east by the Omani town of Al-Buraimi. Al Ain is the largest inland city in the Emirates, the fourth-largest city (after Dubai, Abu Dhabi, and Sharjah), and the second-largest in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi. The freeways connecting Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, and Dubai form a geographic triangle in the country, each city being roughly 130 kilometres (81 mi) from the others.
Evolved wireless ad hoc network
An evolved wireless ad hoc network (EVAN) is a decentralized type of wireless network that compensates for the shortcomings of the existing wireless ad hoc network (WANET). An EVAN is ad hoc like a WANET because it does not rely on a pre-existing infrastructure, such as routers in wired networks or access points in wireless networks. Further advantages of WANETs over networks with a fixed topology include flexibility (an ad hoc network can be created anywhere with mobile devices), scalability (you can easily add more nodes to the network) and lower administration costs (no need to build an infrastructure first). These characteristics of WANETs are maintained in EVAN as well. However, an EVAN has a physically separate resource management channel called tone channel, unlike existing WANETs. In WANETs, the data channel performs two roles: resource management and data transfer, but in EVAN, the data channel is used only for data transfer.

Carrier-sense multiple access with collision avoidance
Carrier-sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) in computer networking, is a link layer multiple access method in which carrier sensing is used. Under CSMA/CA, nodes attempt to avoid collisions by beginning transmission only after the channel is sensed to have no traffic. When they do transmit, nodes transmit frames in their entirety.

This technique is primarily used in wireless networks, where the alternative with collision detection CSMA/CD is not possible due to wireless transmitters that cannot effectively detect other transmissions while they themselves are transmitting.

CSMA/CA is unreliable due to the hidden node problem.
Victory Boulevard (Staten Island)
Victory Boulevard is a major thoroughfare on Staten Island, New York City, measuring approximately 8.0 miles (12.87 km). It stretches from the West Shore community of Travis to the upper East Shore communities of St. George and Tompkinsville. In the late 1940s, the portion of Victory Boulevard between Richmond Avenue and Forest Avenue was designated as New York State Route 439A (NY 439A). The section between Forest Avenue and Bay Street became part of NY 439 at the same time. Both designations were removed in c. 1968.

S48 and S98 buses
The S48 and S98 constitutes two bus routes in Staten Island, New York, running primarily on Victory Boulevard and Forest Avenue, between St. George Ferry Terminal and Arlington. It is operated by the New York City Transit Authority.

The S48 was originally the R107 bus route, and was renumbered to S107, then the S48 in 1989. The S98 was created in 1995 as a limited stop variant of the S48.
James Piszcyk
James "Jimmy" Piszcyk (born 25 August 2006) is an Australian racing driver who last competed in the 2025 F4 British Championship with Rodin Motorsport, where he came runner-up to the title. He is also the winner of the 2024 Formula 4 Australian Championship.

Hitech Grand Prix
Hitech Grand Prix (formerly Hitech Racing) is a British motor racing team. It was founded by Dennis Rushen and David Hayle in 2002 and relaunched by Oliver Oakes in 2015. Currently, Hitech competes in the FIA Formula 2 Championship, FIA Formula 3 Championship, Formula Regional Oceania Trophy, Eurocup-3, GB3 Championship, F4 British Championship, F1 Academy, Formula Trophy UAE and UAE4 Series. The team also supports Toyota drivers in Super Formula Championship.