hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Deeds of the Saxons
The Deeds of the Saxons, or Three Books of Annals (Latin: Res gestae Saxonicae sive annalium libri tres) is a three-volume chronicle of 10th-century Germany, written by Widukind of Corvey. Widukind, proud of his people and history, begins his chronicon, not with Rome, but with a brief synopsis derived from the orally-transmitted history of the Saxons, with a terseness that makes his work difficult to interpret. Widukind omits Italian events in tracing the career of Henry the Fowler and he never mentioned a pope.

Quedlinburg
Quedlinburg (German pronunciation: [ˈkveːtlɪnbʊʁk] ⓘ) is a town situated just north of the Harz mountains, in the district of Harz in the west of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. As an influential and prosperous trading centre during the early Middle Ages, Quedlinburg became a center of influence under the Ottonian dynasty in the 10th and 11th centuries. The castle, church and old town with around 2,100 timber houses, dating from this time of influence, were added to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1994 because of their exceptional preservation and outstanding Romanesque architecture.

Quedlinburg has a population of more than 24,000. The town was the capital of the district of Quedlinburg until 2007, when the district was dissolved. Several locations in the town are designated stops along a scenic holiday route, the Romanesque Road.
Butler School (Portland, Maine)
The Butler School is a historic schoolhouse turned apartment building in Portland, Maine, United States. Built from 1878 to 1879 at the cost of $8,000, the building served as an elementary school for West End students until 1973. It is located on Pine Street in Andrews Square. It is named for Moses M. Butler, who was mayor from 1877 to 1879. It was designed by local architect Francis H. Fassett in the High Victorian Gothic style; Fassett lived in the neighborhood and also designed many other nearby buildings on the Western Promenade. It was built to replace nearby Brackett Street School and itself was replaced by Howard C. Reiche Community School, which was built a block away on Brackett Street. It did not have a playground until 1945.

Francis H. Fassett
Francis Henry Fassett (June 25, 1823 – November 1, 1908) was an American architect in Maine who built as many as 400 homes and buildings throughout the state. Working in the Victorian High Gothic and Queen Anne styles, he especially influenced the look of Portland.
Würdig
Würdig is a German surname, which means ‘worthy, estimable’. Notable people with the surname include:

Sido (rapper) (real name Paul Würdig; born 1980), German rapper

Rainer Würdig (born 1947), East German former handball player

Rainer Würdig
Rainer Würdig (born 18 April 1947) is an East German former handball player who competed in the 1972 Summer Olympics.

He was born in Holzdorf (Jessen).

In 1972 he was part of the East German team which finished fourth in the Olympic tournament. He played two matches and scored two goals.
Annette Thychosen
Annette Thychosen (born 30 August 1968) is a Danish footballer who played as a forward for the Denmark national team. She appeared 46 times, scoring 13 goals. She was part of the team at the 1991 FIFA World Cup, UEFA European Championship 1991, and UEFA European Championship 1993. At the club level, she played for Odense BK in Denmark.

UEFA Women's Euro 1991
The 1991 UEFA Women's Championship took place in Denmark. It was won by Germany in a final against Norway in a repeat of the previous edition's final. Eighteen teams entered qualifying, which was enough to make the competition the first fully official one, so the name was changed to the UEFA Women's Championship.

The tournament served as the European qualifying round for the FIFA Women's World Cup 1991.
Edward Stanbury
Edward Stanbury (29 August 1897 – 1 May 1968) was an English international rugby union player.

Born in Plympton, Devon, Stanbury was a regular member of the England sides of the late 1920s, utilised as a forward in all three rows of the scrum, as well as an occasional goal-kicker. He gained 16 England caps.

Stanbury played his club rugby for Plymouth Albion and made 40 representative appearances with Devon.

During the 1950s, Stanbury had a three-year term as president of Devon Rugby Union.

Plympton
Plympton is a suburb of the city of Plymouth in Devon, England. It is in origin an ancient stannary town. It was an important trading centre for locally mined tin, and a seaport before the River Plym silted up and trade moved down river to Plymouth and was the seat of Plympton Priory the most significant local landholder for many centuries.

Plympton is an amalgamation of several villages, including St Mary's, St Maurice, Colebrook, Woodford, Newnham, Langage and Chaddlewood.

There is a handful of Primary schools, and 2 Secondary schools in Plympton. The majority of these are an academy converter.
José Antonio Alemparte
José Antonio Alemparte Vial (1 April 1799 – 6 November 1866) was a Chilean businessman and politician. He supported Chilean independence from a young age and later held provincial and national offices.

He served as Intendant of Concepción (1831–1835 and 1851) and was elected deputy in the third legislative period of the Chamber of Deputies (1831–1834).

Later he became a coal entrepreneur in Lota, selling his stake to Matías Cousiño in 1851, the year he also took part in the Revolution of 1851.

Intendant
An intendant (French: [ɛ̃tɑ̃dɑ̃] ⓘ; Portuguese: intendente [ĩtẽˈdẽtɨ]; Spanish: intendente [intenˈdente]) was, and sometimes still is, a public official, especially in France, Spain, Portugal, and Latin America. The intendancy system was a centralizing administrative system developed in France. In the War of the Spanish Succession of 1701 to 1714 the French royal House of Bourbon secured its hold on the throne of Spain; it extended a French-style intendancy system to Spain and Portugal - and subsequently worldwide through the Spanish Empire and Portuguese Empire. Regions were divided into districts, each administered by an intendant.
The title continues in use in Spain and in parts of Spanish America for particular government officials.
Harry J. W. Belvin
Harry James Watson "Jimmy" Belvin (1900–1986) was a Choctaw educator and politician who served as an Oklahoma State Representative and Senator. He was the first elected principal chief of any of the Five Civilized Tribes in the 20th century, and the longest serving principal chief of the Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma. He saw his tribe through termination, restoration, and a rebirth of Native Pride. He was a polarizing leader, seen by some as a semi-dictator who held onto the office of principal chief and used his power to advocate for complete assimilation into the dominant society, suppressing Choctaw traditions, language and ceremonial practices as undesirable remnants of an unrefined history. To others, he was a well-liked, populist leader, who went door-to-door talking with tribe members, informing them on issues, and trying to develop the means the alleviate the poverty and unemployment they faced.

Carl Albert
Carl Bert Albert (May 10, 1908 – February 4, 2000) was an American lawyer and politician who served as the 46th speaker of the United States House of Representatives from 1971 to 1977 and represented Oklahoma's 3rd congressional district as a Democrat from 1947 to 1977.

At 5 feet 4 inches (1.63 metres) tall, Albert was affectionately known as the "Little Giant from Little Dixie". Albert held the highest political office of any Oklahoman in American history.
Warren Jabali
Warren Jabali (born Warren Edward Armstrong; August 29, 1946 – July 13, 2012) was an American basketball player.  He played professionally in the American Basketball Association (ABA) from 1968 to 1975.

San Diego Conquistadors
The San Diego Conquistadors (known as the San Diego Sails in their final, partial season) were a professional basketball team based in San Diego, California, that competed in the American Basketball Association (ABA). The "Q's", as they were popularly known, played from 1972 to 1975. As the Sails, they played an incomplete season only, beginning the 1975–1976 season but folding after only 11 games with 3 wins and 8 losses.
1937 Grand National
The 1937 Grand National was the 96th running of the Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree Racecourse near Liverpool, England, on 19 March 1937. The estimated crowd of 300,000 is believed by the Aintree executive to be a record for the race, though only those who watched from the racecourse proper were charged admission.

In attendance at Aintree were King George VI and Queen Elizabeth. The steeplechase was won by the aptly-named Royal Mail, at odds of 100/6. The eight-year-old was ridden by jockey Evan Williams and trained by Ivor Anthony, for owner Hugh Lloyd Thomas.

Golden Miller, winner in 1934, went off as 8/1 favourite but refused at the tenth fence, the same obstacle he refused to jump in the 1935 National. Cooleen finished the race in second place, and finished fourth the following year and again in 1939. Pucka Belle was third and Ego fourth. Thirty-three horses ran and all returned safely to the stables.

Evan Williams (jockey)
Evan Morgan Williams (9 May 1912 – 12 July 2001) was a horse racing jockey born in Cowbridge, Wales, in 1912. He won the 1937 Grand National on Royal Mail, and he won the Cheltenham Gold Cup in 1936 (on Golden Miller) and 1940 (on Roman Hackle).

Evan Williams' father, Fred, was an amateur jockey. After service in the armed forces during the Second World War, he became a trainer and won the first running of the King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes in 1951 (with Supreme Court). He later relocated to Ireland, and died on 16 July 2001, aged 89.
Bluemont Junction Trail
The Bluemont Junction Trail is a 1.2-mile (1.9 km) asphalt-paved rail trail in Arlington County, Virginia, United States, that the Arlington County government constructed along a former branch of the defunct Washington and Old Dominion Railroad. The shared use path travels southwest from Ballston through Bluemont Junction Park to Bluemont Junction. The trail connects Ballston to the Washington and Old Dominion Railroad Trail (W&OD Trail) and the Four Mile Run Trail in and near Bluemont Park.

The trail is part of a route to Georgetown and downtown Washington, D.C.  It serves as an alternative to a portion of the more hilly Custis Trail.

Rail trail
A rail trail or railway walk is a shared-use path on a railway right of way. Rail trails are typically constructed after a railway has been abandoned and the track has been removed; in addition, rails with trails share the rail corridor with active railways, light rail or with disused track. As shared-use paths, rail trails are primarily for non-motorised traffic including pedestrians, bicycles, horseback riders, skaters and cross-country skiers, although snowmobiles and all-terrain vehicles may be allowed. The characteristics of abandoned railways lend themselves to rail trails and account for their popularity; these include gentle grades, well-engineered rights of way and structures (bridges and tunnels), and passage through historical areas. Many rail trails are long-distance trails, while some shorter rail trails are known as greenways or linear parks.
John Vaux
John Vaux was the Deputy Governor of Bombay in 1689. In the year 1697, when Vaux, along with his wife, were enjoying a boat ride in River Tapi in Surat, the boat capsized. A landmark known as Vaux's Tomb was built at the mouth of the River Tapi. The tomb served as a guide to approaching sailors.

Capsizing
Capsizing or keeling over occurs when a boat or ship is rolled on its side or further by wave action, instability or wind force beyond the angle of positive static stability or it is upside down in the water. The act of recovering a vessel from a capsize is called righting. Capsize may result from broaching, knockdown, loss of stability due to cargo shifting or flooding, or in high speed boats, from turning too fast.

If a capsized vessel has enough flotation to prevent sinking, it may recover on its own in changing conditions or through mechanical work if it is not stable while inverted. Vessels of this design are called self-righting.
P. Madhavan Pillai
P. Madhavan Pillai (28 January 1941 – 26 March 2022) was a polyglot, writer and translator from Kerala, India. He translated about 25 books from other languages into Malayalam, among them, the main work is 'Yayati'. He also translated many noted works from Malayalam to Hindi. He received many awards including the Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize in 1994 and Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award.

Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala
Mahatma Gandhi University (MGU), commonly referred to as MG University, is a state owned public university headquartered in Kottayam in the state of Kerala, India. It was established on 2 October 1983 on Gandhi Jayanti day.

Mahatma Gandhi University (formerly Gandhiji University) has been approved by University Grants Commission (UGC) and accredited with the highest grade of 'A++ (CGPA - 3.61) by the National Assessment and Accreditation Council of India. The university has 31 departments of teaching and research and around 260 affiliated colleges spread over five districts in central Kerala.

In March 2025, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam has been awarded the prestigious Category 1 Grade by the University Grants Commission (UGC). This  recognition granted MGU extensive autonomy to launch new initiatives and establish institutions without prior UGC approval, making it the first university in the state to achieve this distinction.
2022–23 Ardal SW
The 2022–23 Ardal SW season (also known as the 2022–23 Floodlighting and Electrical Services Ardal SW season for sponsorship reasons) is the second season of the new third-tier southern region football in Welsh football pyramid, part of the Ardal Leagues.

Welsh football league system
The Welsh football league system (or pyramid) is a series of football leagues with regular promotion and relegation between them.

It consists of four main tiers, as well as lower local leagues.

While most Welsh clubs play in the Welsh pyramid and most clubs in that pyramid are Welsh, five Welsh clubs play in English leagues, and four English clubs play in Welsh leagues.
Birmingham, Erie County, Ohio
Birmingham is an unincorporated community and Census-designated place in eastern Florence Township, Erie County, Ohio, United States. It is part of the Sandusky Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is located at the intersection of State Routes 60 and 113.

Birmingham was the original site of the Woollybear Festival.

Sandusky, Ohio
Sandusky (/sænˈdʌski/ san-DUSS-kee) is a city in Erie County, Ohio, United States, and its county seat. Situated on the southern shore of Lake Erie, Sandusky is located roughly midway between Toledo (45 miles (72 km) west) and Cleveland (50 miles (80 km) east). At the 2020 census, the city had a population of 25,095, and the Sandusky metropolitan area had 115,986 residents.

Sandusky was established in the early 19th century and developed as a port city at the head of Sandusky Bay. It is home to Cedar Point, one of the most popular amusement parks in the world, as well as water parks including Cedar Point Shores, Castaway Bay, Great Wolf Lodge, and Kalahari. The headquarters of Cedar Fair Entertainment Company were located in the city until it merged with Six Flags, who retains some administrative offices in Sandusky.
Vida y Escritos del Dr. José Rizal
Vida y Escritos del Dr. José Rizal, translated as "Life and Writings of Dr. José Rizal”,  is a biography of Rizal written by Wenceslao Emilio Retana y Gamboa, a 19th-century Spanish civil servant, colonial administrator, writer, publisher, bibliophile, Filipiniana collector, and Philippine scholar.  The 512-page book was published by Librería General de Victoriano Suárez of Madrid, Spain, in 1907.  It contains works of Rizal such as poems and essays in "Spanish of literary merit"; some "translations and short papers" written in Tagalog, German, French, and English; and a complete listing of Rizal’s writings. The prologue for W.E. Retana’s book on Rizal was written by Javier Gómez de la Serna, while the epilogue was written by Miguel de Unamuno (1864–1936). Vida y Escritos del Dr. José Rizal is the first biographical account of the life of Rizal written by a non-Filipino author (the second is Rizal: Philippine Nationalist and Martyr by British author Austin Coates)..

Filipiniana
Filipiniana, based on the definition by Isagani Medina from "Collection Building: Filipiniana", in his In Developing Special Library Collections, Filipiniana: Proceedings (November 1992), are Philippine-related books and non-book materials (such as figurines, games, fashion and culture).  The materials may be produced inside or outside the Philippines by Filipino or non-Filipino authors.  The product could be literature written in any of the languages and dialects in the Philippines or a foreign language.
Zingalamaduni
Zingalamaduni is the second album by American hip hop group Arrested Development, released on June 14, 1994, by Chrysalis Records. The album's title is a truncated form of a Swahili phrase meaning "the beehive of culture." Despite spawning three singles ("United Front", "Africa's Inside Me" and "Ease My Mind", the latter being the highest-charting single released from the album), it was considered a commercial disappointment compared to their previous album 3 Years, 5 Months and 2 Days in the Life Of..., peaking at number 55 on the Billboard 200 chart and at number 20 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart.

Chrysalis Records
Chrysalis Records (/ˈkrɪsəlɪs/) is a British independent record label that was founded in 1968. The name is both a reference to the pupal stage of a butterfly and a combination of its founders' names, Chris Wright and Terry Ellis. It started as the Ellis-Wright Agency.
2021 Toyota Racing Series
The 2021 Castrol Toyota Racing Series was the seventeenth running of the Toyota Racing Series, the premier open-wheel motorsport category held in New Zealand. The series consisted of nine races at three meetings. It began on 24 January at Hampton Downs, in Waikato, and concluded on 14 February at Manfeild, Feilding. The season opener also hosted the 66th running of the New Zealand Grand Prix. The 2021 Toyota Racing Series was the first season in which no individual race teams were running and all drivers were under a Toyota Racing banner. This was due to the COVID situation.

Manfeild: Circuit Chris Amon
Manfeild: Circuit Chris Amon (formerly Manfeild Autocourse) is a motor sport circuit located in Feilding, New Zealand. It was built by the Manawatu Car Club  in 1973 as a purpose-built course. In 1990 extra land was acquired and the circuit extension built, bringing Manfeild up to international standards. The circuit was renamed the Manfeild: Circuit Chris Amon, in honour of former New Zealand Formula One driver Chris Amon, on 25 November 2016.
Gręboszów, Łódź Voivodeship
Gręboszów [ɡrɛmˈbɔʂuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Drużbice, within Bełchatów County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 12 km (7 mi) north of Bełchatów and 36 km (22 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

Bełchatów County
Bełchatów County (Polish: powiat bełchatowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Bełchatów, which lies 47 kilometres (29 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź. The only other town in the county is Zelów, lying 16 km (10 mi) north-west of Bełchatów.

The county covers an area of 969.21 square kilometres (374.2 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 112,640, out of which the population of Bełchatów is 62,062, that of Zelów is 8,173, and the rural population is 42,405.
Radha Laha
Radha Govind Laha (1 October 1930 – 14 July 1999) was an Indian-American probabilist, statistician, and mathematician, known for his work in probability theory, characteristic functions, and characterisation of distributions.

Aequationes Mathematicae
Aequationes Mathematicae is a mathematical journal. It is primarily devoted to functional equations, but also publishes papers in dynamical systems, combinatorics, and geometry. As well as publishing regular journal submissions on these topics, it also regularly reports on international symposia on functional equations and produces bibliographies on the subject.

János Aczél founded the journal in 1968 at the University of Waterloo, in part because of the long publication delays of up to four years in other journals at the time of its founding.
It is currently published by Springer Science+Business Media, with Zsolt Páles of the University of Debrecen as its editor in chief. János Aczél remains its honorary editor in chief.

It is frequently listed as a second-quartile mathematics journal by SCImago Journal Rank.
Hills Ferry, California
Hills Ferry was a small unincorporated community of the northern San Joaquin Valley in Stanislaus County, California. Hills Ferry was located at 37°20′56″N 120°58′47″W﻿ / ﻿37.34889°N 120.97972°W﻿ / 37.34889; -120.97972, on the southern border of Stanislaus County with Merced County, 3 miles (4.8 km) northeast of the city of Newman.

Hills Ferry is just west of the river mouth of the Merced River, at its confluence with the San Joaquin River.

Newman, California
Newman is a city in Stanislaus County, California, located in the San Joaquin Valley region of the greater Central Valley. The city had a population of 12,351 at the 2020 census, up from 10,224 at the 2010 census. Founded in 1888 by Simon Newman, the city is a largely agricultural community, known for its annual Fall Festival.
Diagnostic microbiology
Diagnostic microbiology is the study of microbial identification. Since the discovery of the germ theory of disease, scientists have been finding ways to harvest specific organisms. Using methods such as differential media or genome sequencing, physicians and scientists can observe novel functions in organisms for more effective and accurate diagnosis of organisms. Methods used in diagnostic microbiology are often used to take advantage of a particular difference in organisms and attain information about what species it can be identified as, which is often through a reference of previous studies. New studies provide information that others can reference so that scientists can attain a basic understanding of the organism they are examining.

Bacterial growth
Bacterial growth  is proliferation of bacterium into two daughter cells, in a process called binary fission. Providing no mutation event occurs, the resulting daughter cells are genetically identical to the original cell. Hence, bacterial growth occurs. Both daughter cells from the division do not necessarily survive. However, if the surviving number exceeds unity on average, the bacterial population undergoes exponential growth. The measurement of an exponential bacterial growth curve in batch culture was traditionally a part of the training of all microbiologists; the basic means requires bacterial enumeration (cell counting) by direct and individual (microscopic, flow cytometry), direct and bulk (biomass), indirect and individual (colony counting), or indirect and bulk (most probable number, turbidity, nutrient uptake) methods. Models reconcile theory with the measurements.