hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Descurainia torulosa
Descurainia torulosa is a species of flowering plant in the family Brassicaceae known by the common names Wyoming tansymustard and Wind River tansymustard. It is endemic to Wyoming in the United States, where it is found in the Absaroka Range and some buttes in the Great Divide Basin.

This perennial or sometimes annual herb has hairy stems up to 15 centimeters long. The leaves are pinnate, divided into several lobes. The inflorescence is a raceme of flowers with yellowish sepals and four yellow petals. The fruit is a narrow silique which is torulose, or constricted between the seeds. Blooming occurs in June and July.

This plant grows on steep slopes, talus, and the sandy areas at the bases of cliffs.

Absaroka Range
The Absaroka Range is a sub-range of the Rocky Mountains in the United States. The range stretches roughly north-south around 150 mi (240 km) across the Montana–Wyoming border, and 75 mi (120 km) at its widest east-west extent, forming both the eastern boundary of the Paradise Valley and Yellowstone National Park, and the western edge of the Bighorn Basin. The range borders the Beartooth Mountains to the east and north and the Wind River Range to the south and southwest. The northern edge of the range rests along I-90 and Livingston, Montana. The highest peak in the range is Francs Peak, located in Wyoming at 13,153 ft (4,009 m). There are 46 other peaks over 12,000 ft (3,700 m).
Ernoul
Ernoul was a squire of Balian of Ibelin who wrote an eyewitness account of the fall of Jerusalem in 1187. This was later incorporated into an Old French history of Crusader Palestine now known as the Chronicle of Ernoul and Bernard the Treasurer (French: La Chronique d'Ernoul et de Bernard le trésorier), often abbreviated Ernoul-Bernard. The chronicle covers the years from 1100 until 1228. A few manuscripts copied for Bernard, treasurer of Corbie Abbey, extend the narrative down to 1232.

Corbie Abbey
Corbie Abbey is a former Benedictine monastery in Corbie, in present-day Picardy, France, dedicated to Saint Peter. It was founded by Balthild, the widow of Clovis II, who had monks sent from Luxeuil. The Abbey of Corbie became celebrated both for its library and the scriptorium.
Małgorzata Ławrynowicz
Malgorzata Lawrynowicz (born 15 December 1988 in Wejherowo) is a Polish group rhythmic gymnast representing her nation at international competitions.

She participated at the 2004 Summer Olympics in the all-around event together with Justyna Banasiak, Martyna Dąbkowska, Alexandra Wójcik, Anna Mrozińska and Aleksandra Zawistowska finishing 10th.
She competed at world championships, including at the 2005 and 2007 World Rhythmic Gymnastics Championships.

Gymnastics at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Women's rhythmic group all-around
These are the results of the rhythmic group all-around competition, one of the two events of the rhythmic gymnastics discipline contested in the gymnastics at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens. The qualification and final rounds took place on August 26 and August 28 at the Galatsi Olympic Hall.
2010–11 MC Saïda season
The 2010–11 season will be MC Saïda's 10th season in the Algerian top flight, newly renamed to the Algerian Ligue Professionnelle 1 due to the professionalization of it. MC Saïda will seek to win their first league title. They will be competing in Ligue 1, and the Algerian Cup.

MC Saïda
Mouloudia Club de Saïda (Arabic: نادي مولودية سعيدة), known as MC Saïda or simply MCS for short, is an Algerian football club based in the city of Saïda. The club was founded in 1947 and its colours are green, red and white. Their home stadium, Saïd Amara Stadium, has a capacity of 20,000 spectators. The club is currently playing in the Algerian Ligue 2.
Sukmanovka
Sukmanovka (Russian: Сукмановка) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Sukmanovka, Kursk Oblast, a village in Uspensky Selsoviet of Kastorensky District of Kursk Oblast

Sukmanovka, Tambov Oblast, a selo in Sukmanovsky Selsoviet of Zherdevsky District of Tambov Oblast

Kastorensky District
Kastorensky District (Russian: Касто́ренский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-eight in Kursk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the east of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,225 square kilometers (473 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Kastornoye. Population: 14,333 (2021 census); 18,195 (2010 census);  24,237 (2002 Census); 29,127 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Kastornoye accounts for 24.1% of the district's total population.
Stemshaug
Stemshaug is a village in Aure Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The village is located on the mainland along the southern shore of the Torsetsundet strait and along the Norwegian County Road 364, about 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) to the northeast of the village of Aure.

Strait
A strait is a water body connecting two seas or water basins. The surface water is, for the most part, at the same elevation on both sides and can flow through the strait in either direction, although the topography generally constricts the flow somewhat. In some straits, there is a dominant directional current. Most commonly, the strait is a narrow channel that lies between two land masses. Straits are loci for sediment accumulation, with sand-sized deposits usually occurring on the two strait exits, forming subaqueous fans or deltas. Some straits are not navigable because they are too narrow, too shallow, or due to the presence of a reef or archipelago.
Newburn Bridge
Newburn Bridge is a road bridge crossing the River Tyne at Newburn in Newcastle upon Tyne, England. It links Newburn, Walbottle and Throckley on the north side of the river with Ryton, Stella and Blaydon on the south side. The bridge is the westernmost crossing of the Tyne in the county of Tyne and Wear; the next crossing upstream, Wylam Bridge, is in Northumberland.

Stella, Gateshead
Stella is a community in the Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead, Tyne and Wear, England. It lies on the south bank of the Tyne, about 5 miles (8 km) west of central Newcastle upon Tyne, between Blaydon (to the south-east) and Ryton (to the west). The area includes the Stella Park housing estate, built on the grounds of a mansion of the same name.
Réaume's Trading Post
Réaume's Trading Post (Smithsonian trinomial 21WD15) was a trading post established on the Leaf River in 1792 in what is now Wing River Township, Minnesota, United States.  No visible traces remain at the site, which is on private property, but archaeological investigations have identified several features.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974 for having state-level significance in the themes of commerce and historical archaeology.  It was nominated for its role in and research potential on the opening of the fur trade in north-central Minnesota.

Historical archaeology
Historical archaeology is a form of archaeology dealing with places, things, and issues from the past or present when written records and oral traditions can inform and contextualize cultural material. These records can both complement and conflict with the archaeological evidence found at a particular site. Studies focus on literate, historical- period societies as opposed to non-literate, prehistoric societies. While they may not have generated the records, the lives of people for whom there was little need for written records, such as the working class, slaves, indentured labourers, and children but who live in the historical period can also be the subject of study. The sites are found on land and underwater. Industrial archaeology, unless practiced at industrial sites from the prehistoric era, is a form of historical archaeology concentrating on the remains and products of industry and the Industrial era.
Heinrich Emil Timerding
Heinrich Carl Franz Emil Timerding (23 January 1873 in Strasbourg – 30 April 1945 in Braunschweig) was a German mathematician, professor at the Braunschweig University of Technology, mainly known for his contributions to probability theory.
He was awarded the Brunswick and the Prussian War Merit Cross, the Ritterkreuz (Knight's Cross) of the Order of Henry the Lion, and in 1938 the Nazi Civil Service Faithful Service Medal.

In 1900 he attended Columbia University in New York City the American Mathematical Society's summer meeting, where he read a paper.

Knight's Cross
Knight's Cross (German language Ritterkreuz) refers to a distinguishing grade or level of various orders that often denotes bravery and leadership on the battlefield.

Most frequently the term Knight's Cross is used to refer to the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross, a military decoration of Nazi Germany. However, numerous orders have a Knight's Cross grade. Examples include the Cross of Merit on the ribbon of the Bundesverdienstkreuz, the French Chevalier (Knight) of the Légion d'honneur, a grade of the War Merit Cross, the Knight's Cross of the Brandenburg Bailiwick of the Knights' Order of the Hospital of St John in Jerusalem, the Knight's Cross of the Order of Franz Joseph, the Knight's Cross of the Military Order of Maria Theresa, 1st class (Knight) of the Order of the Sun, and the Knight's Cross of the House Order of Hohenzollern.
Kovan double murders
The Kovan double murders was a double murder case that occurred on 10 July 2013 at 14J Hillside Drive, Singapore. The murders were committed in the home of one of the victims, 67-year-old Tan Boon Sin. The other is his 42-year-old son, Tan Chee Heong, whose body was dragged for 1 km, under a car driven by the killer before being dislodged outside Kovan MRT station. Iskandar bin Rahmat, a senior staff sergeant policeman, was arrested and tried for the murders, and was condemned to hang. Following the dismissal of all his appeals, Iskandar was hanged on 5 February 2025.

Chief Justice of Singapore
The chief justice of Singapore is the presiding member of the Supreme Court of Singapore. It is the highest office in the judicial system of Singapore, appointed by the president, on the advice of the prime minister. The incumbent chief justice is Sundaresh Menon, who took office on 6 November 2012. He was the first chief justice to be born in Singapore.
Aleksandr Vlasov (figure skater)
Alexander Vlassov (Russian: Александр Власов; born 25 February 1955) is a former Soviet pair skater who currently works as a coach. With partner Irina Vorobieva, he won the silver medal at the 1977 World Figure Skating Championships and the silver medal at the 1977 European Figure Skating Championships. They placed 4th at the 1976 Winter Olympics. They were coached by Tamara Moskvina. He later skated with Zhanna Ilina.

1977 European Figure Skating Championships
The 1977 European Figure Skating Championships was a senior-level international competition held in Helsinki, Finland. Elite senior-level figure skaters from European ISU member nations competed for the title of European Champion in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing.
Muscle relaxant
A muscle relaxant is a drug that affects skeletal muscle function and decreases the muscle tone. It may be used to alleviate symptoms such as muscle spasms, pain, and hyperreflexia. The term "muscle relaxant" is used to refer to two major therapeutic groups: neuromuscular blockers and spasmolytics. Neuromuscular blockers act by interfering with transmission at the neuromuscular end plate and have no central nervous system (CNS) activity. They are often used during surgical procedures and in intensive care and emergency medicine to cause temporary paralysis. Spasmolytics, also known as "centrally acting" muscle relaxants, are used to alleviate musculoskeletal pain and spasms and to reduce spasticity in a variety of neurological conditions. While both neuromuscular blockers and spasmolytics are often grouped together as muscle relaxants, the term is commonly used to refer to spasmolytics only.

Spasticity
Spasticity  (from Greek  spasmos- 'drawing, pulling') is a feature of altered skeletal muscle performance with a combination of paralysis, increased tendon reflex activity, and hypertonia. It is also colloquially referred to as an unusual "tightness", stiffness, or "pull" of muscles.

Clinically, spasticity results from the loss of inhibition of motor neurons, causing excessive velocity-dependent muscle contraction. This ultimately leads to hyperreflexia, an exaggerated deep tendon reflex. Spasticity is often treated with the drug baclofen, which acts as an agonist at GABA receptors, which are inhibitory.

Spastic cerebral palsy is the most common form of cerebral palsy, which is a group of permanent movement problems that do not get worse over time. GABA's inhibitory actions contribute to baclofen's efficacy as an anti-spasticity agent.
Rádio Nacional de Angola
Rádio Nacional de Angola is a public broadcasting company of the Republic of Angola, headquartered in Luanda. RNA operates several radio stations in the capital, including Canal A (the national broadcaster), Rádio N'Gola Yetu (broadcasting in Angolan languages), Rádio Luanda (a local FM station for the capital), and Rádio 5 (a sports station); eighteen regional stations (one per province); and one international radio station (RNA Internacional).

Broadcasts are primarily in Portuguese, and the station also features programs in the country's national languages, namely: Kikongo, Kimbundu, Chokwe, Umbundu, Kwanyama, and Mbunda, as well as in Herero, Lingala, Nganguela, and Nyaneka. RNA's International Service is broadcast in Portuguese, English, and French.

Herero language
Herero (Otjiherero) is a Bantu language spoken by the Herero and Mbanderu peoples in Namibia and Botswana, as well as by small communities of people in southwestern Angola. There were 250,000 speakers in these countries between 2015 and 2018.
2013 SportsCar Grand Prix
The 2013 Mobil 1 SportsCar Grand Prix was an auto racing event held at Canadian Tire Motorsports Park, Bowmanville, Ontario, Canada from July 19–21, 2013  The race was the fifth round of the 2013 American Le Mans Series season.  Muscle Milk Pickett Racing, with drivers Klaus Graf and Lucas Luhr, extended their streak of season victories to four by earning a win with a four lap gap over second place and P2 class winners Level 5 Motorsports.  CORE Autosport led the PC category, while Corvette Racing scored their third victory of the season in the GT class.  Alex Job Racing won the GTC category, two weeks after badly damaging their car at the previous event in Lime Rock.

Muscle Milk Pickett Racing
Muscle Milk Pickett Racing (formerly known as Muscle Milk Motorsports and Muscle Milk Team Cytosport) was a motorsports group from Indianapolis, Indiana. The team was founded in 2007 by CytoSport co-founder and former IMSA GT Championship driver Greg Pickett. Since 2007, Pickett's team has competed in the United SportsCar Championship, the American Le Mans Series, the 24 Hours of Le Mans and the IMSA GT3 Cup Challenge. The team officially closed in 2014.
Nanāhuātzin
In Aztec mythology, the god Nanāhuātzin or Nanāhuātl (or Nanauatzin, the suffix -tzin implies respect or familiarity; Classical Nahuatl: Nanāhuātzin [nanaːˈwaːtsin]), the most humble of the gods, sacrificed himself in fire so that he would continue to shine on Earth as the Sun, thus becoming the solar deity. Nanāhuātzin means "full of sores." According to a translation of the Histoyre du Mechique, Nanāhuātzin is the son of Ītzpāpālōtl and Cozcamiauh or Tonantzin, but was adopted by Piltzintecuhtli and Xōchiquetzal. In the Codex Borgia, Nanāhuātzin is represented as a man emerging from a fire. This was originally interpreted as an illustration of cannibalism. He is probably an aspect of Xolotl.

Aspect (religion)
Aspect is a term used across several religions and in theology to describe a particular manifestation or conception of a deity or other divine being. Depending on the religion, these might be disjoint or overlapping parts, or methods of perceiving or conceptualizing the deity in a particular context.
Optimal estimation
In applied statistics, optimal estimation is a regularized matrix inverse method based on Bayes' theorem.
It is used very commonly in the geosciences, particularly for atmospheric sounding.
A matrix inverse problem looks like this:

The essential concept is to transform the matrix, A, into a conditional probability and the variables,  and  into probability distributions by assuming Gaussian statistics and using empirically-determined covariance matrices.

Bayes' theorem
Bayes' theorem (alternatively Bayes' law or Bayes' rule), named after Thomas Bayes (/beɪz/), gives a mathematical rule for inverting conditional probabilities, allowing the probability of a cause to be found given its effect. For example, with Bayes' theorem, the probability that a patient has a disease given that they tested positive for that disease can be found using the probability that the test yields a positive result when the disease is present. The theorem was developed in the 18th century by Bayes and independently by Pierre-Simon Laplace.

One of Bayes' theorem's many applications is Bayesian inference, an approach to statistical inference, where it is used to invert the probability of observations given a model configuration (i.e., the likelihood function) to obtain the probability of the model configuration given the observations (i.e., the posterior probability).
KGV
KGV can refer to:

George V, King of Britain

One of two King George V-class battleship classes (KGV class)
King George V-class battleship (1911), a class of four Royal Navy battleships that served in World War I
King George V-class battleship (1939), a class of five Royal Navy battleships that served in World War II

TS King George V, the turbine ship KGV

King George V College

King George V School (disambiguation)

King George V School (Hong Kong)

King George V Park in Newfoundland

KGV Oval in Tasmania

the ISO 639-3 code for Karas language

the railway station code for Kingsgrove railway station

King George V DLR station, London

the aviation waypoint, 23° 40' 47S 22° 49' 12E

King George V Park
King George V Park is a soccer-specific stadium in St. John's, Newfoundland, located at the head of Quidi Vidi Lake in downtown St. John's. The stadium was built in 1925 as the National stadium of Newfoundland. It is the oldest surviving soccer specific stadium in North America, and hosts the Memorial Sea-Hawks soccer teams.
Alex Hunter (economist)
Alexander Hunter (23 December 1919 – 21 May 1971) was a Scottish-Australian industrial economist. He arrived in Australia in 1958 after being appointed a senior lecturer at the University of Melbourne. He then gained prominence as the editor of The Economics of Australian Industry. He became a professor of economics at the University of New South Wales in 1961, then moving to the Australian National University in 1965. He was a member of the editorial board of the Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies. He was married to Thelma Anna Carmela Cibelli and had three children. Hunter died of a coronary occlusion during a visit to Lae, Papua New Guinea, and was cremated.

Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies
The Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies (BIES) is a peer-reviewed academic journal produced at the Australian National University (ANU) in Canberra.  It publishes articles and notes about the Indonesian economy. The BIES has been published three times each year since the first issue was produced in 1965.

The current editors are Firman Kartaadipoetra (ANU), Arianto Patunru (ANU), Robert Sparrow (Wageningen University and ANU), and Sarah Xue Dong (ANU).
Safari Disco Club
Safari Disco Club is the second studio album by French electropop band Yelle. It was released on 14 March 2011 by Barclay Records. The album was promoted by the singles "Safari Disco Club", "Que veux-tu" and "Comme un enfant".

Safari Disco Club received mixed-to-positive reviews from critics upon its release. While some reviewers praised the tracks' catchy melodies and dancefloor-friendly sound, others found it inferior to their debut album Pop-Up (2007). A few critics even went on to criticize the lead singer Julie Budet's vocal performances.

Barclay (record label)
Barclay is a French Universal Music Group record label, originally owned by Eddie Barclay in 1953. Barclay previously established Riviera-LM Records in 1951.

Eddie was a bandleader, pianist, producer and nightclub owner. With his wife and vocalist, Nicole, he started a record company. It published the work of Stéphane Grappelli, Lionel Hampton and Rhoda Scott, among others. In 1978, he sold 40% to PolyGram Records. Jazz issues ceased in 1983.

Barclay's catalogue includes the works of Hugues Aufray, Charles Aznavour, Alain Bashung, Jacques Brel, Bertrand Cantat, Les Chaussettes Noires, Dalida, Jean Ferrat,  Léo Ferré, Nino Ferrer, Jimi Hendrix, Patrick Juvet, Fela Kuti, Femi Kuti, Danielle Licari, Mireille Mathieu, Mika, Eddy Mitchell, Modjo, Erik Montry, Noir Désir, Paradis, Henri Salvador, Emilie Simon, Rachid Taha and the Wild Magnolias.
Jiggy Forever
Jiggy Forever is the debut studio album by Nigerian singer and producer Young Jonn. It was released on 12 April 2024, through Chocolate City Music, and features collaborations from Kizz Daniel, Seyi Vibez, Don Jazzy, Zlatan, Blaqbonez, Sean Paul and Ya Levis. Production was handled by P.Priime, ePianoh, Telz, BabyBeatz, Magicsticks, Yung Willis, Jhay2unez, T Mode, Ragee, Blaisebeatz and Jaytunes. The album serves as a follow-up to Love Is Not Enough, Vol. 2 (2022).

Blaqbonez
Emeka Akumefule (born 29 January 1996), known professionally as Blaqbonez, is a Nigerian rapper and singer signed to Chocolate City.

Blaqbonez is popularly known for his distinct rap style as well as his creative ingenuity. In 2019, he was profiled by The New York Times as one of the new guards of Nigerian music. He is widely known for his controversial self-proclaimed status as the "Best Rapper in Africa" (abbreviated as "BRIA"), which became the most talked about topic in the Nigerian hip hop space between July and September 2019. After carving out one of rap's most loyal fan bases, Blaqbonez unleashed his debut album “Sex Over Love” to a public that was more than ready to receive it. His unorthodox approach and humorous personality, resonated with the younger generation, and earned him co-signs from the likes of Wizkid and Burna Boy.
2-oxoaldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP+)
In enzymology, a 2-oxoaldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP+) (EC 1.2.1.49) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

a 2-oxoaldehyde + NADP+ + H2O  a 2-oxo acid + NADPH + H+

The 3 substrates of this enzyme are 2-oxoaldehyde, NADP+, and H2O, whereas its 3 products are 2-oxo acid, NADPH, and H+.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donor with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is 2-oxoaldehyde:NADP+ 2-oxidoreductase. Other names in common use include alpha-ketoaldehyde dehydrogenase, methylglyoxal dehydrogenase, NADP+-linked alpha-ketoaldehyde dehydrogenase, 2-ketoaldehyde dehydrogenase, NADP+-dependent alpha-ketoaldehyde dehydrogenase, and 2-oxoaldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP+).  This enzyme participates in pyruvate metabolism.

Hydrogen ion
A hydrogen ion is an ion created when a hydrogen atom loses or gains an electron. A positively charged hydrogen ion (or proton) can readily combine with other particles and therefore is only seen isolated when it is in a gaseous state or a nearly particle-free space. Due to its extremely high charge density of approximately 2×1010 times that of a sodium ion, the bare hydrogen ion cannot exist freely in solution as it readily hydrates, i.e., bonds quickly. The hydrogen ion is recommended by IUPAC as a general term for all ions of hydrogen and its isotopes. 
Depending on the charge of the ion, two different classes can be distinguished: positively charged ions (hydrons) and negatively charged (hydride) ions.