hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sebnem Kalemli-Ozcan
Ṣebnem Kalemli-Özcan is an economist and the Schreiber Family Professor of Economics at Brown University. She is a co-editor of the Journal of International Economics, on the board of editors of the American Economic Review, an associate editor of the Journal of the European Economic Association and an associate editor of the Journal of Development Economics. She is a research fellow at the NBER and CEPR.

Journal of International Economics
The Journal of International Economics is a peer-reviewed academic journal in the field of economics. The journal publishes articles on both theoretical and empirical aspects of international economics. Various topics covered include trade patterns, commercial policy, international institutions, exchange rates, open economy macroeconomics, international finance, and international factor mobility.

Beginning in February 2000 the journal initiated the Bhagwati Award, named in honor of Jagdish Bhagwati. The award is given biannually to the best article appearing in the journal in the preceding two years. The monetary value of the award is $1,000.

According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 3.373.
Majdan Sieniawski
Majdan Sieniawski (Polish pronunciation: [ˈmajdan ɕɛˈɲafskʲi]) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Adamówka, within Przeworsk County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland.

Przeworsk County
Przeworsk County (Polish: powiat przeworski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Subcarpathian Voivodeship, south-eastern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Przeworsk, which lies 36 kilometres (22 mi) east of the regional capital Rzeszów. The county also contains the towns of Kańczuga, lying 11 km (7 mi) south-west of Przeworsk, and Sieniawa, 15 km (9 mi) north-east of Przeworsk.

The county covers an area of 698.35 square kilometres (269.6 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 78,354, out of which the population of Przeworsk is 15,356, that of Kańczuga is 3,167, that of Sieniawa is 2,140, and the rural population is 57,691.
Enipeus Vallis
Enipeus Vallis is a valley in the northern hemisphere of the planet Mars. It is centered at lat. 37°N, long. 267°E in the Arcadia quadrangle (MC-3) between the large volcano Alba Mons and the Tempe Terra plateau. The valley follows a gently sinuous, north–south path for a distance of about 357 km (222 mi). It is likely an ancient watercourse that formed during the early Hesperian (or late Noachian) period, around 3.7 billion years ago.

The valley is named after a river in Thessaly, Greece. Enipeus is also the name of a river god in classical mythology. The International Astronomical Union (IAU) formally adopted the name Enipeus Vallis in 1991. Vallis is the Latin word for valley.

Thermal Emission Imaging System
The Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) is a camera on board the 2001 Mars Odyssey orbiter.  It images Mars in the visible and infrared parts of the electromagnetic spectrum in order to determine the thermal properties of the surface and to refine the distribution of minerals on the surface of Mars as determined by the Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES).  Additionally, it helps scientists to understand how the mineralogy of Mars relates to its landforms, and it can be used to search for thermal hotspots in the Martian subsurface.

THEMIS is managed from the Mars Space Flight Facility at Arizona State University and was built by the Santa Barbara Remote Sensing division of Raytheon Technologies Corporation, an American multinational conglomerate headquartered in Waltham, Massachusetts.  The instrument is named after Themis, the goddess of justice in ancient Greek mythology.
Calvin Company
The Calvin Company was a Kansas City, Missouri-based advertising, educational and industrial film production company that for nearly half a century was one of the largest and most successful film producers of its type in the United States.

McGraw Hill Education
McGraw Hill, Inc. is an American education science company that provides educational content, software, and services for students and educators across various levels—from K-12 to higher education and professional settings. They produce textbooks, digital learning tools, and adaptive technology to enhance learning experiences and outcomes. It is one of the "big three" educational publishers along with Houghton Mifflin Harcourt and Pearson Education. McGraw Hill also publishes reference and trade publications for the medical, business, and engineering professions. Formerly a division of The McGraw Hill Companies (later renamed McGraw Hill Financial, now S&P Global), McGraw Hill Education was divested and acquired by Apollo Global Management in March 2013 for $2.4 billion in cash. McGraw Hill was sold in 2021 to Platinum Equity for $4.5 billion. The company is based in Columbus, Ohio.
Favria cribrellum
Favria is a monotypic genus of spread-wing skippers in the butterfly family Hesperiidae. This genus was formerly a synonym of Muschampia, and its only species, Favria cribrellum, was formerly a member of Muschampia. The species is commonly known as the spinose skipper.

The spinose skipper, a species of arid regions, is found in northern Hungary, Romania, Serbia, North Macedonia and Bulgaria, through Ukraine, southern Russia, up to the Altai and the Amur region.

Skipper (butterfly)
Skippers are a group of butterflies placed in the family Hesperiidae within the order Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies). They were previously placed in a separate superfamily, Hesperioidea, but have since been placed in the superfamily Papilionoidea (the butterflies). They are named for their quick, darting flight habits. Most have their antenna tips modified into narrow, hook-like projections. Moreover, skippers mostly lack wing-coupling structure available in most moths. More than 3500 species of skippers are recognized, and they occur worldwide, but with the greatest diversity in the Neotropical regions of Central and South America.
Mohammad Abdur Rouf
Mohammad Abdur Rouf (1 February 1934 – 9 February 2025) was a Bangladeshi jurist and civil servant who was a justice of the Bangladesh Supreme Court. He started as a practising advocate and then became an additional judge of the High Court Division. He was then raised to Appellate Division of the court, and was later appointed Chief Election Commissioner by the President of Bangladesh. He was a Shariah adviser to Fareast Islami Life Insurance Company Limited and Prime Islami Life Insurance. Abdur Rouf also served as the president of the national children's organization, Phulkuri Ashar.

Fareast Islami Life Insurance Company Limited
Fareast Islami Life Insurance Limited (Bengali: ফারইস্ট ইসলামী লাইফ ইন্স্যুরেন্স কোম্পানী লিমিটেড), was founded in Bangladesh as a public life insurance company in 2000. Currently the company has 23 Divisional Offices, 103 Service Center Offices, 252 Zonal Offices and 635 Premium collection centers throughout Bangladesh. Sheikh Kabir Hossain is the chairman of the company.
Hercegovačka Goleša
Hercegovačka Goleša is a village in the municipality of Priboj, in south-west Serbia. Through Hercegovačka Goleša flows a small river, the Sutjeska. A road which connects Priboj to Pljevlja (Montenegro) over Sastavci, passes through the village.

At the exit of Sastavci the road branches, the right side following a river Poblaćnica to the village of Krajčinovići, a well-known archaeological site from the prehistoric period.

In 2002 the village had 430 inhabitants, four of them declared as Bosniaks. The population is constantly in decline. Nearby is an enclave of Bosnia and Herzegovina which is totally enclosed in Serbian territory.

Pljevlja
Pljevlja (Montenegrin: Пљевља, pronounced [pʎêʋʎa]) is a town located in the Northern Region of Montenegro, situated along Ćehotina river.

The town lies at an altitude of 770 m (2,530 ft). In the Middle Ages, Pljevlja had been a crossroad of the important commercial roads and cultural streams, with important roads connecting the littoral with the Balkan interior.  In 2023, the municipality of Pljevlja had a population of 24,134, while the city itself had a population of 16,111. The municipality borders those of Žabljak, Bijelo Polje and Mojkovac in Montenegro, as well as Bosnia and Herzegovina to the west and Serbia to the northeast. With a total area of 1,346 km2 (520 sq mi), it is the second largest municipality in Montenegro.
Hirschsprung's disease-type D brachydactyly syndrome
Hirschsprung's disease-type D brachydactyly syndrome is a very rare genetic disorder which is characterized by the partial absence of nerves in the intestines (Hirschsprung's disease) and hypoplasia (or total aplasia) of the thumb's distal phalange (brachydactyly type D). It has been described in 4 males from a 2-generation American family. The inheritance pattern was hypothesized to be either X-linked recessive or autosomal dominant with reduced penetrance.

Brachydactyly type D
Brachydactyly type D, also known as murderer's thumb, stubbed thumb, spoon thumb, power thumb or short thumb, is a genetic trait recognised by a thumb being relatively short and round with an accompanying wider nail bed. The distal phalanx of such thumbs is approximately two-thirds the length of full-length thumbs. It is the most common type of shortness of digits (brachydactyly), affecting approximately 2% of the population. It is associated with the HOXD13 gene, located on chromosome 2q31.1.
Williams Air Force Base
Williams Air Force Base is a former United States Air Force (USAF) base, located in Maricopa County, Arizona, east of Chandler, and about 30 miles (48 km) southeast of Phoenix. It is a designated Superfund site due to a number of soil and groundwater contaminants.

It was active as a training base for both the United States Army Air Forces, as well as the USAF from 1941 until its closure in 1993. Williams was the leading pilot training facility of the USAF, supplying 25% of all pilots.

Since its closure, the base has largely been annexed by the city of Mesa, Arizona. It was converted into the civilian Williams Gateway Airport, later renamed Mesa Gateway Airport. In recent years, the land has emerged as an educational and industrial campus anchored by Arizona State University Polytechnic Campus and Chandler-Gilbert Community College.

Chandler–Gilbert Community College
Chandler–Gilbert Community College (CGCC) is a public community college with multiple locations in Maricopa County, Arizona. It is part of the Maricopa County Community College District. In fall 2018, 14,728 students were enrolled at the college.
St. Paul's Episcopal Church (Hillsboro, Maryland)
The St. Paul's Episcopal Church is an historic Episcopal church located at Hillsboro, Caroline County, Maryland.  It is a small board-and-batten Carpenter Gothic-style structure set on a brick foundation.  Its design is based upon a book of plans and sketches published in 1852 by Richard Upjohn.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.

Batten
A batten is most commonly a strip of solid material, historically  wood but can also be of plastic, metal, or fiberglass.  Battens are variously used in construction, sailing, and other fields.

In the lighting industry, battens refer to linear  light fittings.

In the steel industry, battens used as furring may also be referred to as "top hats", in reference to the profile of the metal.
Graduate University of Advanced Technology
The Graduate University of Advanced Technology (GUAT) is an advanced research center and graduate-level degree-granting institution in Kerman, Iran. It was founded in 2007. It is also known as Kerman Graduate University of Technology (KGUT). The main campus is located in Mahan, Kerman.

GUAT is considered to be one of the most productive research centers of the country. It offers advanced degrees (master's and Ph.D.) in Electrical, Civil, Mechanical, Chemical, Material, Mineral and Photonic Engineering.

Mining engineering
Mining engineering is the extraction of minerals from the ground. It is associated with many other disciplines, such as mineral processing, exploration, excavation, geology, metallurgy, geotechnical engineering and surveying. A mining engineer may manage any phase of mining operations, from exploration and discovery of the mineral resources, through feasibility study, mine design, development of plans, production and operations to mine closure.
Peter Bua
Peter Bua (Albanian: Pjetër Bua; fl. 1450s) was an Albanian nobleman of the late medieval Despotate of the Morea (Peloponnese) who was the chief instigator of the Morea revolt of 1453–1454. After the revolt, he was recognized by the Ottoman Empire as the official representative of the Albanians of the Morea.

Despotate of the Morea
The Despotate of the Morea or Despotate of Mystras was a province of the Byzantine Empire between the mid-14th and mid-15th centuries. Its territory varied in size during its existence but eventually grew to include almost all the southern Greek peninsula now known as the Peloponnese, which was known as the Morea during the medieval and early modern periods. The territory was usually ruled by one or more sons or brothers of the current Byzantine emperor, who were given the title of despotes (in this context it should not be confused with despotism). Its capital was the fortified city of Mystras, near ancient Sparta, which became an important centre of the Palaiologan Renaissance.
Taichung International Convention and Exhibition Center
The Taichung International Convention and Exhibition Center (TICEC; Chinese: 臺中國際會展中心; pinyin: Táizhōng Gúojì Hùizhǎn Zhōngxīn) is a convention center in Shuinan Economic and Trade Park, Taichung, Taiwan. The convention center was completed in September 2024 and it is scheduled to open in October 2025. Designed to bolster the region's economic and trade activities, TICEC is poised to become a central hub for international conferences, exhibitions, and events.

Convention center
A convention center (American English; or conference centre in British English) is a large building that is designed to hold a convention, where individuals and groups gather to promote and share common interests. Convention centers typically offer sufficient floor area to accommodate several thousand attendees. Very large venues, suitable for major trade shows, are sometimes known as exhibition halls. Convention centers typically have at least one auditorium and may also contain concert halls, lecture halls, meeting rooms, and conference rooms. Some large resort area hotels include a convention center.

In Francophone countries, the term is palais des congrès (such as the Palais des Congrès de Paris) or centre des congrès (such as the Centre des congrès de Quebec).
N = 2 superconformal algebra
In mathematical physics, the 2D N = 2 superconformal algebra is an infinite-dimensional Lie superalgebra, related to supersymmetry, that occurs in string theory and two-dimensional conformal field theory. It has important applications in mirror symmetry. It was introduced by M. Ademollo, L. Brink, and A. D'Adda et al. (1976) as a gauge algebra of the U(1) fermionic string.

John Henry Schwarz
John Henry Schwarz (/ʃwɔːrts/ SHWORTS; born November 22, 1941) is an American theoretical physicist. Along with Yoichiro Nambu, Holger Bech Nielsen, Joël Scherk, Gabriele Veneziano, Michael Green, and Leonard Susskind, he is regarded as one of the founders of string theory.
Duane Crandall
Duane Delton Crandall (born August 14, 1946) was a Canadian politician. He served in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia from 1986 to 1991, as a Social Credit member for the constituency of Columbia River.

On October 3, 1989, Crandall and three colleagues — Graham Bruce, David Mercier, and Doug Mowat — quit the governing Social Credit caucus to sit as "Independent Social Credit" members. In a joint statement, the four stressed that they "in no way desire[d] the fall of our government", but wished to spur an "open and realistic assessment" of Bill Vander Zalm's continued leadership. Crandall rejoined the Socred caucus on January 24, 1990, in order to better deal with a wave of layoffs in his riding. His decision caused the other three rebels to reflect on their future, and on February 14, they also rejoined the Socred caucus. He placed last among five candidates in the 1991 Social Credit Party leadership contest.

Legislative Assembly of British Columbia
The Legislative Assembly of British Columbia (French: Assemblée législative de la Colombie-Britannique) is the deliberative assembly of the Legislature of British Columbia, in the province of British Columbia, Canada. The legislature also includes the lieutenant governor of British Columbia. The assembly has 93 elected members and meets in Victoria. Members are elected from provincial ridings and are referred to as members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs). Bills passed by the assembly are given royal assent by the lieutenant governor in the name of the King of Canada.

The current legislature is the 43rd Parliament. The most recent general election was held on October 19, 2024. Proceedings of the Legislative Assembly are broadcast by Hansard Broadcasting Services.
Redoubt Mountain
Redoubt Mountain (alternatively Mount Redoubt) is a mountain located in Banff National Park, in the Canadian Rockies of Alberta, Canada. It forms the southern buttress of Boulder Pass.

The mountain was named in 1908 by Arthur O. Wheeler, founding member of the Alpine Club of Canada (AAC), as it resembled a redoubt (an outer military defense).

The mountain can be climbed on a moderate to difficult scrambling route on the northwestern ridge.

Like other mountains in Banff Park, it is composed of sedimentary rock laid down from the Precambrian to Jurassic periods. Formed in shallow seas, this sedimentary rock was pushed east and over the top of younger rock during the Laramide orogeny.

Based on the Köppen climate classification, the mountain is located in a subarctic climate with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers. Temperatures can drop below -20 °C with wind chill factors below -30 °C.

Scrambling
In mountaineering, scrambling is ascending steep terrain using one's hands to assist in holds and balance. It can be described as being between hiking and rock climbing. "A scramble" is a related term, denoting terrain that could be ascended in this way.

Sure-footedness and a head for heights are essential. Canyoning and stream climbing both involve scrambling.
Spradley
Spradley is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Benjamin Spradley, American boxer

Doug Spradley (born 1966), American-German basketball coach and former player

James Spradley (1933–1982), American ethnographer and anthropologist

Lola Spradley (born 1946), Speaker of the Colorado House of Representatives from 2003-2005

Benjamin Spradley
Benjamin Spradley (born 18 January 1879, date of death unknown) was an American middleweight boxer who competed in the early twentieth century. He won a silver medal in Boxing at the 1904 Summer Olympics.  His feat, however, was achieved without a Spradley recording a single victory as there were only two entrants in the middleweight division of the Olympic boxing tournament in 1904.  In the only bout in that weight classification, Spradley was knocked out in the third round by fellow American Charles Mayer.
Faisal Saleem Rahman
Faisal Saleem Rahman (Pashto: فیصل سلیم رحمان) is a Pakistani politician who is currently serving as a member of the Senate of Pakistan from the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa since March 2021. He belongs to Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf. Rahman hails from Par Hoti, Mardan District.

Mardan District
Mardan District (Pashto: مردان ولسوالۍ, Urdu: ضلع مردان) is a district in the Mardan Division of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The district is named after Mardan city, which is also the headquarters of the district. The district is famous for its agriculture industry and its archaeological sites, specifically of Takht-i-Bhai, Jamal Garhi and Sawal Dher.

The main tribe of Mardan is Yusufzai, that contribute more than half of the district population, there are also the more minor settled tribes such as the Mohmand, Utmankhel, Tareen, Awan, and Khalil.
The Naze SSSI
The Naze SSSI is a 22 hectare geological Site of Special Scientific Interest on The Naze peninsula north of Walton-on-the-Naze in Essex. It is a Geological Conservation Review site both for its Pleistocene fossils and for its birds. It is part of The Naze Nature Reserve, which is managed by the Essex Wildlife Trust.

The citation for this site states that the cliffs expose many invertebrate fossils from the early Pleistocene Red Crag Formation, and it is the type site for the Waltonian, the first British stage of the Pleistocene. However, some authorities date the Red Crag and the Waltonian to the Piacenzian, the last stage of the preceding Pliocene.

The site is also significant for its Eocene (56 to 34 million years ago) plant and avian fossils, and it is described by Natural England as "of considerable importance in the study of bird evolution".

The beach below the cliff is open to the public.

Natural England
Natural England is a non-departmental public body in the United Kingdom sponsored by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. It is responsible for ensuring that England's natural environment, including its land, flora and fauna, freshwater and marine environments, geology and soils, are protected and enhanced. It also has a responsibility to help people enjoy, understand and access the natural environment.

Natural England focuses its activities and resources on four strategic outcomes:

a healthy natural environment

enjoyment of the natural environment

sustainable use of the natural environment

a secure environmental future
Nong Chim railway station
Nong Chim railway station is a railway station located in Nong Chim Subdistrict, Noen Sa-nga District, Chaiyaphum Province. It is a class 3 railway station located 322.85 km (200.6 mi) from Bangkok railway station.

Hua Lamphong railway station
Bangkok (Hua Lamphong) railway station (Thai: สถานีกรุงเทพ (หัวลำโพง), RTGS: Sathani Krung Thep (Hua Lamphong)) is a railway station in Pathum Wan, the former central passenger terminal in Bangkok and the former railway hub of Thailand. It is in the center of the city in the Pathum Wan district, and is operated by the State Railway of Thailand (SRT). Long distance trains moved to the new central station at Krung Thep Aphiwat Central Terminal in 2023.
Salut Salon
Salut Salon is a chamber music quartet from Hamburg, Germany, with two violinists, a cellist, and a pianist, all women. It was founded in 2002 by violinists Angelika Bachmann and Iris Siegfried. They have been called "the Harlem Globetrotters of piano quartets."

Their repertoire includes arranged classical music, themes from folk music and film soundtracks, as well as original chansons, tango, pop music, puppet shows and instrumental acrobatics, "a crossover that defies the strict classification of classical and popular music."

A number of their performances have appeared on YouTube, gathering considerable publicity.

Acrobatics
Acrobatics (from Ancient Greek  ἀκροβατέω (akrobatéō) 'walk on tiptoe, strut') is the performance of human feats of balance, agility, and motor coordination. Acrobatic skills are used in performing arts, sporting events, and martial arts. Extensive use of acrobatic skills are most often performed in acro dance, circus, gymnastics, and freerunning and to a lesser extent in other athletic activities including ballet, slacklining and diving. Although acrobatics is most commonly associated with human body performance, the term is used to describe other types of performance, such as aerobatics.