hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ma Wan Channel
Ma Wan Channel (Chinese: 馬灣海峽) is a channel between Ma Wan and Tsing Yi islands in Hong Kong. The north end of the channel is Ting Kau where it joins the Rambler Channel. To the west it joins with the Kap Shui Mun channel running to the south of Ma Wan, leading into Urmston Road. To the east, it divides into the Tsing Yi Channel and the Rambler Channel, leading to Tsuen Wan and Kwai Chung. To the south is the Western Working Anchorage of Victoria Harbour.

A long suspension bridge, the Tsing Ma Bridge, connects Ma Wan and Tsing Yi, bridging across the Ma Wan channel. One of the bridge towers stands on an artificial island near the Ma Wan side of the channel.

Historically, it is also known as Kai Tap Mun (雞踏門) or Kai Tsap Mun (雞閘門).

Kwai Chung
Kwai Chung is an urban area within Tsuen Wan New Town in the New Territories of Hong Kong. Together with Tsing Yi Island, it is part of the Kwai Tsing District of Hong Kong. It is also part of Tsuen Wan New Town.

In 2000, it had a population of 287,000. Its area is 9.93 km2. Areas within Kwai Chung include: Kwai Fong, Kwai Hing, Lai King, Tai Wo Hau. Kwai Chung is the site of part of the container port of Hong Kong.
Eastwood After Hours: Live at Carnegie Hall
Eastwood After Hours: Live at Carnegie Hall is a two-disc live album by American actor Clint Eastwood and various jazz musicians. Released on April 29, 1997, by Warner Bros. Records, it compiles material from Eastwood's film scores—including Play Misty for Me (1971), Honkytonk Man (1982), Bird (1988), Thelonious Monk: Straight, No Chaser (1988), and White Hunter Black Heart (1990)—performed by some of the most reputable practitioners of jazz. Issued five months after the concert, Eastwood After Hours coincided with celebrations for Eastwood's contributions to jazz, and was overseen by producer Bruce Ricker.

Well received upon release, Eastwood After Hours is recognized by music critics as a successful representation of Eastwood's cultural legacy. An accompanying foreword by Eastwood, rare archival photographs, film clips, and commentary documenting Eastwood's film career are featured on the two-disc set.

Rawhide (TV series)
Rawhide is an American Western television series starring Eric Fleming and Clint Eastwood. The show aired for seven seasons on the CBS network on Friday nights from January 9, 1959, to September 3, 1965, before moving to its eighth and final season on Tuesday nights from September 14, 1965, until December 7, 1965, with a total of 217 black-and-white episodes. The series was produced and sometimes directed by Charles Marquis Warren, who also produced early episodes of Gunsmoke. The show is remembered by many for its theme song, "Rawhide".

Spanning 7+1⁄2 years, Rawhide was the sixth-longest-running American television Western, exceeded only by Wagon Train, The Virginian, Bonanza, Death Valley Days, and Gunsmoke.
12th Congress of the Philippines
The 12th Congress of the Philippines (Filipino: Ikalabindalawang Kongreso ng Pilipinas), composed of the Philippine Senate and House of Representatives, met from July 23, 2001, until June 4, 2004, during the first three years of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo's presidency. The convening of the 12th Congress followed the 2001 general elections, which replaced half of the Senate membership, and the entire membership of the House of Representatives.

Presidency of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
Gloria Macapagal Arroyo served two consecutive terms as the 14th President of the Philippines. Her presidency began on January 20, 2001, following the Second EDSA Revolution, and continued until 2010. She completed her first term from 2001 to 2004. In the 2004 Philippine presidential election, Arroyo ran as the incumbent and defeated her main opponent, Fernando Poe Jr. She was inaugurated for her second term on June 30, 2004.
Barbara Oteng Gyasi
Barbara Oteng Gyasi (born 5 October 1964) is a Ghanaian politician and a former Member of Parliament for Prestea-Huni Valley constituency of the Western Region of Ghana. She is a member of the New Patriotic Party (NPP), and was a Deputy Minister for Lands and Natural Resources in Ghana and also the former Minister of Tourism, Culture and Creative Arts.

Prestea-Huni Valley Municipal District
Prestea-Huni Valley Municipal District is one of the fourteen districts in Western Region, Ghana. Originally it was part of the then-larger Wassa West District in 1988, which was created from the former Wassa-Fiase-Mpohor District Council, until the northern part of the district was split off to create Prestea-Huni Valley District on 29 February 2008; thus the remaining part was renamed as Tarkwa-Nsuaem District (which was later elevated to municipal district assembly status on that same year to become Tarkwa-Nsuaem Municipal District). However, on 15 March 2018, it was later elevated to municipal district assembly status by President Nana Addo Dankwah Akuffo-Addo to become Prestea-Huni Valley Municipal District. The municipality is located in the eastern part of Western Region and has Bogoso as its capital town.
Castleboy Tower
Castleboy Tower is a 19th century folly in the townland of Castleboy, Killinan, County Galway, Ireland. It was once part of the Castleboy House demesne owned by the Persse family and was perhaps converted into a folly from an earlier building. It is built of squared limestone over five floors, with a number of windows and an arched doorway. Following the demolition and division of the Castleboy estate by the Land Commission, the tower was left stranded on one side of a newly constructed road. Along with some walls of the stable yard, the tower is all that remains of the estate.

Irish Land Commission
The Irish Land Commission was created by the British crown in 1843 to "inquire into the occupation of the land in Ireland. The office of the commission was in Dublin Castle, and the records were, on its conclusion, deposited in the records tower there, from whence they were transferred in 1898 to the Public Record Office". It took on the role of a rent fixing commission in 1881 under the Land Law (Ireland) Act 1881 (also known as the second Irish Land Act). For a century it was the body responsible for re-distributing farmland in most of Ireland. It was formally abolished in 1999.
Peter Augustus Maier House
Peter Augustus Maier House, also known as the Maier-Pollard House , is a historic home located at Evansville, Indiana, United States. It was built in 1873, and is a 2+1⁄2-story, "L"-plan, Italianate style brick dwelling.  It has a low-pitched slate cross-gable roof and features a bracketed cornice and paneled frieze.  Also on the property is a contributing carriage house and original wrought iron fence.: 2–3

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

Carriage house
A carriage house, also called a remise or coach house, is a term used in North America to describe an outbuilding that was originally built to house horse-drawn carriages and their related tack. Carriage houses were often two stories, with related staff quarters above.
Johannes Rick
Johannes (João Evangelista) Rick (19 January 1869 – 1946) was an Austrian-born Brazilian priest and mycologist considered the "father of Brazilian mycology". He was the first to systematically document the fungal biodiversity, particularly the macrofungi, of Southern Brazil. Rick established communications with several contemporary mycologists, such as Giacomo Bresadola, Curtis Gates Lloyd, Heinrich Rehm, and Hans Sydow, who helped him identify his Brazilian collections. Rick was a schoolteacher in Feldkirch from 1894 to 1898 before becoming a theology student in Valkenburg (Netherlands) from 1899 until 1902. After moving to Brazil in 1902, he was a teacher until 1915, then a social worker from 1915 to 1929, and finally Professor of theology until 1942. Between 1904 and 1911 he edited the exsiccata Fungi Austro-Americani exsiccati, the later three fascicles together with Ferdinand Theissen.

Valkenburg aan de Geul
Valkenburg aan de Geul (Dutch: [ˈvɑlkə(m)bʏr(ə)x aːn də ˈɣøːl] ⓘ; Limburgish: Valkeberg [ˈvɑl˦əkəˌbæʀ˦əx] ⓘ) is a municipality situated in the southeastern Dutch province of Limburg. The name refers to the central town in the municipality, Valkenburg, and the small river Geul passing through it.
Mitoryū Takayuki
Mitoryū Takayuki (Japanese: 水戸龍 聖之; born April 25, 1994 as Baasansuren Turbold (Mongolian: Баасансүрэнгийн Төрболд)) is a Mongolian former professional sumo wrestler from Ulaanbaatar. He began his professional sumo career in 2017 at the age of twenty three. His highest rank was maegashira 13. He wrestled for Nishikido stable.

Mawashi
In sumo, a mawashi (廻し) is the loincloth that rikishi (sumo wrestlers) wear during training or in competition. Upper ranked professional wrestlers wear a keshō-mawashi as part of the ring entry ceremony or dohyō-iri.
May 2107 lunar eclipse
A penumbral lunar eclipse will occur at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit on Saturday, May 7, 2107, with an umbral magnitude of −0.9356. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened. A penumbral lunar eclipse occurs when part or all of the Moon's near side passes into the Earth's penumbra. Unlike a solar eclipse, which can only be viewed from a relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on the night side of Earth. The Moon's apparent diameter will be near the average diameter because it will occur 6.8 days after perigee (on April 30, 2107, at 10:00 UTC) and 6.9 days before apogee (on May 14, 2107, at 1:50 UTC).

This eclipse will be too small to be visually perceptible.

Magnitude of eclipse
The magnitude of eclipse is the fraction of the angular diameter of a celestial body being eclipsed. This applies to all celestial eclipses. The magnitude of a partial or annular solar eclipse is always between 0.0 and 1.0, while the magnitude of a total solar eclipse is always greater than or equal to 1.0, and has a theoretically maximum value of around 1.12.

This measure is strictly a ratio of diameters and should not be confused with the covered fraction of the apparent area (disk) of the eclipsed body. Neither should it be confused with the astronomical magnitude scale of apparent brightness.
Reduced product
In model theory, a branch of mathematical logic, and in algebra, the reduced product is a construction that generalizes both direct product and ultraproduct.

Let {Si | i ∈ I} be a nonempty family of structures of the same signature σ indexed by a set I, and let U be a proper filter on I. The domain of the reduced product is the quotient of the Cartesian product

by a certain equivalence relation ~: two elements (ai) and (bi) of the Cartesian product are equivalent if

If U only contains I as an element, the equivalence relation is trivial, and the reduced product is just the direct product.  If U is an ultrafilter, the reduced product is an ultraproduct.

Operations from σ are interpreted on the reduced product by applying the operation pointwise. Relations are interpreted by

For example, if each structure is a vector space, then the reduced product is a vector space with addition defined as (a + b)i = ai + bi and multiplication by a scalar c as (ca)i = c ai.

Cartesian product
In mathematics, specifically set theory, the Cartesian product of two sets A and B, denoted A × B, is the set of all ordered pairs (a, b) where a is an element of A and b is an element of B. In terms of set-builder notation, that is

A table can be created by taking the Cartesian product of a set of rows and a set of columns. If the Cartesian product rows × columns is taken, the cells of the table contain ordered pairs of the form (row value, column value).

One can similarly define the Cartesian product of n sets, also known as an n-fold Cartesian product, which can be represented by an n-dimensional array, where each element is an n-tuple. An ordered pair is a 2-tuple or couple. More generally still, one can define the Cartesian product of an indexed family of sets.

The Cartesian product is named after René Descartes, whose formulation of analytic geometry gave rise to the concept, which is further generalized in terms of direct product.
Die verwandelten Weiber
Die verwandelten Weiber, oder Der Teufel ist los, erster Teil (The Metamorphosed Wives, or The Devil to Pay, Part 1) is a three-act German: comische Oper by the German composer Johann Adam Hiller, incorporating 14 musical numbers from the popular farce Der Teufel ist los by Johann Georg Standfuß.

The libretto was by Christian Felix Weiße (1726–1804) based on the ballad opera The Devil to Pay, or The Wives Metamorphos'd by Charles Coffey (1731), and an opéra comique text by Michel-Jean Sedaine using the same material.

Ballad opera
The ballad opera is a genre of English comic opera stage play that originated in the early 18th century, and continued to develop over the following century and later. Like the earlier comédie en vaudeville and the later Singspiel, its distinguishing characteristic is the use of tunes in a popular style (either pre-existing or newly composed) with spoken dialogue. These English plays were 'operas' mainly insofar as they satirized the conventions of the imported opera seria. Music critic Peter Gammond describes the ballad opera as "an important step in the emancipation of both the musical stage and the popular song."
Habesh Eyalet
Habesh Eyalet (Arabic: إيالة الحبشة; Ottoman Turkish: ایالت حبش, romanized: Eyālet-i Ḥabeş) was an Ottoman eyalet. It was also known as the Eyalet of Jeddah and Habesh, as Jeddah was its chief town, and Habesh and Hejaz. It extended on the areas of coastal Hejaz and Northeast Africa of Eritrea that border the Red Sea basin. On the Northeast Africa littoral, the eyalet extended from Suakin and their hinterlands to Zeila.

Like Ottoman control in North Africa, Yemen, Bahrain, and Lahsa, the Ottomans had no "effective, long term control" outside of the ports where there was a direct Ottoman presence.

Ottoman Turkish alphabet
The Ottoman Turkish alphabet (Ottoman Turkish: الفبا, romanized: elifbâ) is a version of the Perso-Arabic script used to write Ottoman Turkish for over 600 years until 1928, when it was replaced by the Latin-based modern Turkish alphabet.

Though Ottoman Turkish was primarily written in this script, non-Muslim Ottoman subjects sometimes wrote it in other scripts, including Armenian, Greek, Latin and Hebrew alphabets.
Hawksbill Station
Hawksbill Station is a science fiction novel by American writer Robert Silverberg. The novel is an expanded version of a short story first published in Galaxy Science Fiction in August 1967. The novel was published in 1968 and was released in the United Kingdom under the title The Anvil of Time.

The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction
The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction (SFE) is an English language reference work on science fiction, first published in 1979. It has won the Hugo, Locus and British SF Awards. Two print editions appeared in 1979 and 1993. A third, continuously revised, edition was published online from 2011, while the fourth edition was released in 2021 following the change of web host.
Zavolzhye Engine Factory
The Zavolzhye Engine Factory (Russian: Заволжский моторный завод, ЗМЗ, romanized: Zavolzhskiy Motornyy Zavod, ZMZ) is a Russian automotive engine producer.

The plant was founded in April 1958 to provide GAZ with engines, in particular for its new GAZ-21 Volga.

The factory's first product was a brand-new 2,445 cc (149.2 cu in) OHV engine. Unusual for the era, it had aluminum block and head, with chain-driven camshaft and compression ratio of 6.6:1; it produced 70 hp (51 kW) at 4,000 rpm and 167 N⋅m (123 lb⋅ft) at 2,200 rpm. The first engine was assembled 4 November 1959; by December 1968, ZMZ had produced one million units.

ZMZ became independent in 1961, and was bought by UAZ in 2001. It produces spare parts for many vehicles of Soviet origin, as well as for some Ford models.

Compression ratio
The compression ratio is the ratio between the maximum and minimum volume during the compression stage of the power cycle in a piston or Wankel engine.

A fundamental specification for such engines, it can be measured in two different ways. The simpler way is the static compression ratio:
in a reciprocating engine, this is the ratio of the volume of the cylinder when the piston is at the bottom of its stroke to that volume when the piston is at the top of its stroke. The dynamic compression ratio is a more advanced calculation which also takes into account gases entering and exiting the cylinder during the compression phase.
Alexander Buchan (meteorologist)
Alexander Buchan FRS FRSE (11 April 1829 – 13 May 1907) was a Scottish meteorologist, oceanographer and botanist and is credited with establishing the weather map as the basis of modern weather forecasting. He also proposed the theory of Buchan Spells.

Royal Meteorological Society
The Royal Meteorological Society is an organization that promotes academic and public engagement in weather and climate science. Fellows of the Society must possess relevant qualifications, but Members can be lay enthusiasts. It publishes various journals, including the Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. The chief executive officer is Liz Bentley.
Villa Nautica
Vialla Nautica formerly Paradise Island Resort  is a five star resort situated on Lankanfinolhu island in the Malé Atoll (Kaafu Atoll) administrative division in the Republic of Maldives.

The resort is owned by the Villa Group. It was opened in November 1994 and is located in North Male' Atoll, which is 9.6 kilometres (6 miles) from Malé International Airport. Paradise Island is 932 metres (3,058 ft) long and 201 metres (659 ft) wide with total area 201.508 square metres (2,169 sq ft).

Villa Group
The Villa Group is one of the largest business entities in the Maldives. The holding company Villa Shipping and Trading Company Pvt. Ltd. is a private conglomerate which is amongst the largest private business in the Maldives with major operations in Shipping, Import and Export, General Trade and Tourism, fishing, media, communication, transport and education related Businesses. Foundation of Villa Group can be traced back to 1986 when Qasim Ibrahim registered a Shipping and Trading company named 'Villa', the common trade name.
Desmosterolosis
Desmosterolosis in medicine and biology is a defect in cholesterol biosynthesis. It results in an accumulation of desmosterol and a variety of associated symptoms. Only two cases have been reported as of 2007. The condition is due to inactivating mutations in 24-dehydrocholesterol reductase. Certain anticholesterolemic and antiestrogenic drugs such as triparanol, ethamoxytriphetol, and clomifene have been found to inhibit conversion of desmosterol into cholesterol and to induce desmosterolosis, for instance cataracts.

Signs and symptoms
Signs and symptoms are diagnostic indications of an illness, injury, or condition. While signs are objective and externally observable, symptoms are a person's reported subjective experiences.

A sign, for example, can be an elevated or lower than normal temperature or blood pressure; or an abnormal finding showing on medical imaging. A symptom is something out of the ordinary that is experienced by an individual such as feeling feverish, a headache or other pains in the body. Symptoms can be a result of the immune system's response to an infection, the physical manifestation of an abnormal body condition, or the effect of a consumed substance. Symptoms, though often indicative of a disease process, are not always diagnostically relevant, and can be idiopathic in nature.
Logic in computer science
Logic in computer science covers the overlap between the field of logic and that of computer science. The topic can essentially be divided into three main areas:

Theoretical foundations and analysis

Use of computer technology to aid logicians

Use of concepts from logic for computer applications

Answer set programming
Answer set programming (ASP) is a form of declarative programming oriented towards difficult (primarily NP-hard) search problems.  It is based on the stable model (answer set) semantics of logic programming.  In ASP, search problems are reduced to computing stable models, and answer set solvers—programs for generating stable models—are used to perform search.  The computational process employed in the design of many answer set solvers is an enhancement of the DPLL algorithm and, in principle, it always terminates (unlike Prolog query evaluation, which may lead to an infinite loop).

In a more general sense, ASP includes all applications of answer sets to knowledge representation and reasoning and the use of Prolog-style query evaluation for solving problems arising in these applications.
Ain Legdah
Ain Legdah is a commune in the Taounate Province of the Taza-Al Hoceima-Taounate administrative region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 12196 people living in 1907 households.

2004 Moroccan census
The 2004 Moroccan census, formally the General Population and Housing Census for the year 2004, was held in Morocco in 2004, conducted by the High Planning Commission. The previous census was taken in 1994.
1983 ABN World Tennis Tournament – Doubles
Mark Edmondson and Sherwood Stewart were the defending champions, but chose to compete this year with different partners. Edmondson teamed up with John Fitzgerald and lost in the quarterfinals to Broderick Dyke and Rod Frawley, while Stewart teamed up with Ferdi Taygan and also lost in the quarterfinals to Rick Meyer and Wolfgang Popp.

Fritz Buehning and Tom Gullikson won the title by defeating Peter Fleming and Pavel Složil 7–6, 4–6, 7–6 in the final.

Fritz Buehning
Fritz Buehning (born March 5, 1960) is an American former tennis player.

Born in Summit, New Jersey, Buehning grew up in Millburn, New Jersey and attended Millburn High School, where he won the New Jersey state individual tennis championship in 1977 as a junior, his final year in high school. He attended University of California, Los Angeles, where he was recognized as Pac-10 Player of the Year and an All-American and was part of a tennis team that won the NCAA championship.

Buehning achieved top rankings of No. 21 in singles and No. 4 in doubles, ending his career as a result of a foot injury after five seasons on the tour. On professional tournaments, he won one singles title and 12 doubles titles. Partnered with Van Winitsky, he lost the 1983 US Open finals to the team of Peter Fleming and John McEnroe.
2019 Oracle Challenger Series – Houston – Women's doubles
Maegan Manasse and Jessica Pegula were the defending champions, but chose not to participate.

Ellen Perez and Luisa Stefani won the title, defeating Sharon Fichman and Ena Shibahara in the final, 1–6, 6–4, [10–5].

Sharon Fichman
Sharon Fichman (/ˈfɪtʃmən/ FITCH-mən; born December 3, 1990) is a Canadian former tennis player. She achieved career-high WTA rankings of 77 in singles (May 2014) and 21 in doubles (January 2022).

In 2005, Fichman won the gold medal in women's singles at the 2005 Maccabiah Games in Israel, at the age of 14. She was ranked No. 5 on the ITF Junior Circuit in December 2006.

Fichman was inactive from May 2016 to April 2018, but returned to tennis in doubles at the 60k event in Indian Harbour Beach, reaching the quarterfinals with Jamie Loeb. She qualified for the 2021 WTA Finals with Giuliana Olmos.
Eyitayo Ogunmola
Eyitayo Ogunmola (born 25 July 1988) is a Nigerian tech entrepreneur and speaker who started Utiva, a global talent development company that has helped over 45,000 Africans learn technology skills and supported major startups and enterprises to hire talents among Africans and Minorities.

Demographics of Africa
The population of Africa has grown rapidly over the past century and consequently shows a large youth bulge, further reinforced by a low life expectancy of below 50 years in some African countries. 
Total population as of 2017 is estimated at more than 1.25 billion, with a growth rate of more than 2.5% p.a. 
The most populous African country is Nigeria with 191 million inhabitants as of 2017 and a growth rate of 2.6% p.a.