hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jim Spooner Field
Jim Spooner Field is a stadium that is located in Pensacola, Florida, United States. It is primarily used for baseball, is the home field for the University of West Florida baseball team and was home to the Pensacola Pelicans. It opened in 1981, with a seating capacity of about 1,000 people. Over the years, that capacity has more than tripled.

In May 2003, the stadium underwent a massive renovation. The president of the Pelicans, Rishy Studer, and her husband, Quint, contributed $500,000 to improve the stadium to meet minor league standards. The renovations included adding a lawn seating area that could accommodate up to 500 people, a series of premium seating sections, a public address system, a new backstop, and accommodations for the disabled.

On August 22, 2008, the Pelicans organization named it after Jim Spooner, a longtime UWF coach.  The first game at Jim Spooner Field at Pelican Park was played that night.

Quint Studer
Quinton D. Studer (born 1951) is a Pensacola, Florida businessman and philanthropist, known as the co-owner of the minor league baseball team the Pensacola Blue Wahoos and founder of the healthcare consulting company, Studer Group.
Sheldon Wilson
thumb

Sheldon Wilson is a Canadian film director, screenwriter, and film producer. He is known for directing Shallow Ground (2004) and The Unspoken (2015), and has also directed several Sci Fi Pictures original films, including Kaw (2006), Carny (2009), Mothman, Red: Werewolf Hunter (both 2010), and Scarecrow (2013).

Thumb
The thumb is the first digit of the hand, next to the index finger. When a person is standing in the medical anatomical position (where the palm is facing to the front), the thumb is the outermost digit. The Medical Latin English noun for thumb is pollex (compare hallux for big toe), and the corresponding adjective for thumb is pollical.
Honda CL500
The Honda CL500 (also called the Honda SCL500 in North America) is a standard motorcycle produced by Honda since 2023.

The motorcycle is designed with a flat seat and upswept exhaust as part of the "Scrambler-style" marketing and appearance, acting as a spiritual successor to Honda's previous CL-series bikes - such as the CL450. It uses the same 471 cc (28.7 cu in) 180° crank straight-twin engine as Honda's other 21st century "500-twins", such as the CB500F. The CL500's tubular steel frame's main structure is shared with the CMX500 Rebel.

The 2025 model included ergonomic adjustments to the footpegs and seat, as well as updated compliance with Euro V+ emissions standards.

Motorcycle frame
A motorcycle frame is a motorcycle's core structure. Its main function is to provide a torsionally rigid connection between the steering head at the front and the swinging-arm bearing at the rear for predictable handling and safety. It also supports the engine, the rider and any passenger or luggage. Also attached to the frame are the fuel tank and battery. At the front of the frame is found the steering head tube that holds the pivoting front fork, while at the rear there is a pivot point for the swingarm suspension motion. Some motorcycles include the engine as a load-bearing stressed member; while some other bikes do not use a single frame, but instead have a front and a rear subframe attached to the engine.
The Defense & Foreign Affairs Handbook on Azerbaijan
The Defense & Foreign Affairs Handbook on Azerbaijan is a comprehensive guide to Azerbaijan and its strategic partnership with the West detailing key aspects of the country's history, infrastructure, government, defense and security structures, foreign policy apparatus, economy and social structures as well as the big economic growth through 2005–2007 and its impact on the nation's defense and national security structures. This foreign policy analysis book has been published in mid-2006 by the Defense & Foreign Affairs Handbook  of International Strategic Studies Association.

International Strategic Studies Association
The International Strategic Studies Association (ISSA) describes itself as Washington, D.C.–based non-governmental organization (NGO) with a worldwide membership of professionals involved in national management, particularly in national and international security and strategic policy. The International Strategic Studies Association was formed in 1982 to create a focus for regular discussion on strategic issues, including defense, defense industrial concerns, international technology transfer, geopolitical and psychological strategy developments.
Sportcomplex Varkenoord
Sportcomplex Varkenoord is a sports facility located in Rotterdam, Netherlands. Varkenoord is the home base of Feyenoord Academy, the women's team and the amateur football club SC Feyenoord. The fields are also being used as training ground by Feyenoord's first team squad.

Training ground
A training ground is an area where professional association football teams prepare for matches, with activities primarily concentrating on skills and fitness. They also sometimes form part of a club's youth system, as clubs consider it important to have good facilities to aid the development of young players.

Training grounds are usually separate from a team's stadium, as clubs use the facilities to avoid overusing the stadium's pitch. However, teams usually train inside the opposing team's stadium on the day before a European away game, both for the benefit of the media and to become familiar with the surface.
Nicholas Bourbon (the elder)
Nicholas Bourbon (French pronunciation: [nikɔla buʁbɔ̃]; 1503 – after 1550) was a French court preceptor and poet. He wrote a collection of poems called Nugae (Latin for 'trifles'), known as the Bagatelles in French. He is the great-uncle of Nicholas Bourbon (1574–1644), a member of the Académie française.

Bourbon was born in Vendeuvre-sur-Barse, France. He went to England in 1535 to pay homage to Henry VIII of England and his second Queen Consort, Anne Boleyn, in gratitude for their help while under persecution in France. He later wrote a series of poems in which Anne Boleyn is described as one of God's beloved servants.

Nugae was the subject of an epigram by John Owen.

Epigram
An epigram is a brief, interesting, memorable, sometimes surprising or satirical statement. The word derives from the Greek ἐπίγραμμα (epígramma, "inscription", from ἐπιγράφειν [epigráphein], "to write on, to inscribe"). This literary device has been practiced for over two millennia.

The presence of wit or sarcasm tends to distinguish non-poetic epigrams from aphorisms and adages, which typically do not show those qualities.
Douglas Hopkins
Douglas Hopkins is a photographer whose fashion and beauty images have appeared in Vogue, W, Women's Wear Daily, Rolling Stone, Cosmopolitan, Elle, and The New York Times. Among his creative endeavors, he has done volcanic research and photography, has co-directed a science documentary film, founded a fine fragrance company, and has authored a book on photography, "Real Views", scheduled to be released in 2022.

Fragrance compound
A fragrance compound (or fragrance) is a chemical compound with a pleasant odor. Fragrances affect only the sense of smell, whereas flavors can affect both the sense of taste and smell. Fragrances are often mixtures of individual fragrance compounds. Although many fragrances are derived from natural sources, many are synthetic. Fragrances are widely used in cosmetics and are the basis for a large industry.
Pop Gear
Pop Gear (American title: Go Go Mania) is a 1965 British music revue film, directed by Frederic Goode and written by Roger Dunton. The film is hosted by Jimmy Savile and contains live concert footage of the Beatles, and lip-synched performances of some of the British Invasion bands, including the Animals, Herman's Hermits, The Nashville Teens, Peter and Gordon, Matt Monro, Billy J. Kramer and the Dakotas, The Honeycombs, The Rockin' Berries, and The Spencer Davis Group. It was produced by Harry Field for Associated British Pathe.

The Spencer Davis Group
The Spencer Davis Group were a British blues and R&B influenced rock band formed in Birmingham in 1963 by Spencer Davis (guitar), brothers Steve Winwood (vocals, keyboards, and guitar) and Muff Winwood (bass guitar), and Pete York (drums). Their best known songs include the UK No. 1 hits "Keep On Running" and "Somebody Help Me" and the UK and US Top 10 hits "Gimme Some Lovin'" and "I'm a Man".

The Winwood brothers both left in 1967, with Steve going on to form the rock band Traffic, and Muff moving into music A&R and production. After releasing a few more singles and two more albums, the band split in 1969. Davis and York revived the group in 1973–1974, resulting in a further two albums. In 2006, the group was revived again, with Davis as the only original member, this time primarily as a touring act. Davis died on 19 October 2020, effectively ending the band.
Peter Calabresi
Peter Arthur Calabresi (born 1962) is an American neuroscientist and neurologist who studies multiple sclerosis. He is Professor of Neurology, Neuroscience, and Ophthalmology at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, where he directs the Division of Neuroimmunology and Johns Hopkins Multiple Sclerosis Center.

Calabresi was awarded a five-year MS center grant from the National MS Society for the study of mechanisms of neurodegeneration and strategies for neuroprotection in MS.

Neuroprotection
Neuroprotection refers to the relative preservation of neuronal structure and/or function. In the case of an ongoing insult (a neurodegenerative insult) the relative preservation of neuronal integrity implies a reduction in the rate of neuronal loss over time, which can be expressed as a differential equation.
National Commission on Indigenous Peoples
The National Commission on Indigenous Peoples (NCIP) is the agency of the national government of the Philippines that is responsible for protecting the rights of the indigenous peoples of the Philippines. The commission is composed of seven commissioners. It is attached to the Department of Social Welfare and Development.

The NCIP is tasked with accrediting indigenous people's organizations and with the processing and issuing of Certificate of Ancestral Domain Title and Certificate of Ancestral Land Title.

Indigenous Peoples' Rights Act of 1997
The Indigenous Peoples' Rights Act of 1997 (IPRA), officially designated as Republic Act No. 8371, is a Philippine law that recognizes and promotes the rights of indigenous cultural communities and Indigenous peoples in the Philippines.
Spadola
Spadola (Calabrian: Spàtula) is a municipality (comune) in the Province of Vibo Valentia in the Italian region Calabria, located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) southwest of Catanzaro and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) southeast of Vibo Valentia. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 813 and an area of 9.6 square kilometres (3.7 sq mi).

Spadola borders the following municipalities: Brognaturo, Gerocarne, Serra San Bruno, Simbario, Sorianello, Stilo.

Stilo
Stilo (Calabrian: Stilu; Greek: Στύλος, romanized: Stylos, lit. 'column') is a town and comune in the province of Reggio Calabria, in the Calabria region of southern Italy. It is 151 kilometres (94 mi) from Reggio.

It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").

The economy of the commune is mainly based on agriculture, with production of cereals, oil, wine and cheese. There are mines of iron and lead.

At 10 kilometres (6 mi) from the city is the promontory of Cape Stilo, near where in July 1940 the Battle of Punta Stilo was fought by the Italian and British navies.
Clamoxyquine
Clamoxyquine (INN) or clamoxyquin (former BAN), as the pamoate or hydrochloride salt, is an antiamebic and antidiarrheal drug.

It has been used as a veterinary medicine to treat salmonids for infection with the myxozoan parasite Myxobolus cerebralis.

Pamoic acid
Pamoic acid, also called embonic acid, is a 2-Naphthoic acid derivative.  Salts and esters of pamoic acid are known as pamoates or embonates.  It can be prepared by the reaction of 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid with formaldehyde.

In pharmacology, the salt form of pamoic acid (pamoate ion) can be used as a counterion of a drug compound to affect the dissolution rate of the drug.  The presence of multiple oxygen atoms enables significant hydrogen bonding to occur. Hydrogen bonds facilitate the dissolution of compounds in water.  Pharmaceutical drugs formulated this way include cycloguanil pamoate, hydroxyzine pamoate, imipramine pamoate, olanzapine pamoate hydrate, oxantel pamoate, pyrantel pamoate, and pyrvinium pamoate.

Pamoic acid has agonist activity for the orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR35 by which it activates ERK and beta-arrestin2, and causes antinociceptive activity.
WDJX
WDJX (99.7 FM) is a top 40 (CHR)-formatted radio station located in Louisville, Kentucky. The station has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 24 kW. The station's studios are located in East Louisville and the transmitter site is in New Albany, Indiana. WDJX is owned by Connoisseur Media.

New Albany, Indiana
New Albany /ˈɑːlbəni/ is a city in New Albany Township, Floyd County, Indiana, United States, situated along the Ohio River, opposite Louisville, Kentucky. The population was 37,841 as of the 2020 census. The city is the county seat of Floyd County. It is bounded by I-265 to the north and the Ohio River to the south, and is considered part of the Louisville metropolitan area. The mayor of New Albany is Jeff Gahan, a Democrat; he was re-elected in 2023.
Reginald Foster (Latinist)
Reginald Thomas Foster OCD (November 14, 1939 – December 25, 2020) was an American Catholic priest and friar of the Order of Discalced Carmelites. From 1970 until his retirement in 2009, he worked in the Latin Letters section of the Secretariat of State in the Vatican. He was an expert in Latin literature and an influential teacher of Latin, including 30 years at the Gregorian University, Teresianum and Urbanianum in Rome, and free summer courses that continued when he retired to Milwaukee.

Pontifical Urban University
The Pontifical Urban University, also called the Urbaniana after its names in both Latin and Italian, is a pontifical university that was under the authority of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples. The university's mission is to train priests, religious brothers and sisters, and lay people for service as missionaries. Its campus is located on the Janiculum Hill in Rome, on extraterritorial property of the Holy See. It was formerly known as the Urban College, or Collegium Urbanum.
Matt Rowell
Matthew  Rowell (born 1 July 2001) is a professional Australian rules footballer playing for the Gold Coast Suns in the Australian Football League (AFL). Rowell was recruited by Gold Coast with the first selection in the 2019 AFL draft and was nominated for the 2020 AFL Rising Star award in round 2 of the 2020 season. Rowell won the Marcus Ashcroft Medal in the second QClash of the 2025 season and went on to win the 2025 Brownlow Medal and selection in the 2025 All-Australian team, along with the Gold Coast Suns Club Champion award.

QClash
The QClash is the Australian rules football derby between the two Queensland-based teams in the Australian Football League (AFL), the Brisbane Lions and Gold Coast Suns. The derby has been staged, usually twice-annually, since 2011, when Gold Coast defeated Brisbane in the inaugural match, which attracted a then-record pay-tv viewership. As of 2025 the Lions have been the dominant side in the rivalry, winning 22 matches to the Suns' 8.

Various nicknames for the QClash have entered mainstream usage, including the Pineapple Grapple, Banana Bash, and Sunshine Stoush.
Josée (film)
Josée is a 2020 South Korean romantic drama film based on a Japanese short story Josee, the Tiger and the Fish written by Seiko Tanabe. It was directed and written by Kim Jong-kwan. It stars actress Han Ji-min as Josée and actor Nam Joo-hyuk as Lee Young-seok. The film was released in South Korea on December 10, 2020.

Kim Jong-kwan
Kim Jong-kwan (Korean: 김종관; born 1975) is a South Korean film director and screenwriter. Kim is an acclaimed and prolific short filmmaker known for his inventive short form narratives. He has helmed the omnibuses Lovers (2008) and Come, Closer (2010). His first feature Worst Woman (2016) which debuted at the 17th Jeonju International Film Festival, won the FIRESCI Award at the 38th Moscow International Film Festival in 2016.
Koenigs–Knorr reaction
The Koenigs–Knorr reaction is the substitution reaction of a glycosyl halide with an alcohol to give a glycoside. It is one of the oldest glycosylation reactions. It is named after Wilhelm Koenigs (1851–1906), a student of von Baeyer and fellow student with Hermann Emil Fischer, and Edward Knorr, a student of Koenigs.

In its original form, Koenigs and Knorr treated acetobromoglucose with alcohols in the presence of silver carbonate. Shortly afterwards Fischer and Armstrong reported very similar findings.

In the above example, the stereochemical outcome is determined by the presence of the neighboring group at C2 that lends anchimeric assistance, resulting in the formation of a 1,2-trans stereochemical arrangement. Esters (e.g. acetyl, benzoyl, pivalyl) generally provide good anchimeric assistance, whereas ethers (e.g. benzyl, methyl etc.) do not, leading to mixtures of stereoisomers.

Adolf von Baeyer
Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer (German: [ˈaːdɔlf fɔn ˈbaɪɐ] ⓘ; 31 October 1835 – 20 August 1917) was a German chemist who synthesised indigo and developed a nomenclature for cyclic compounds (that was subsequently extended and adopted as part of the IUPAC organic nomenclature). He was ennobled in the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1885 and was the 1905 recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
National Botanical Gardens (Uganda)
The National Botanical Gardens of Uganda, commonly known as the Entebbe Botanical Gardens, are located in Entebbe, Uganda, on the northern shores of Lake Victoria, and were established in 1898 by the first curator, Alexander Whyte. These gardens cover an area of 40.7 hectares (100.5 acres) and are situated at an altitude of 1,134 meters above sea level. The gardens experience an annual rainfall of 1,623 millimeters and are positioned virtually on the equator, creating ideal conditions for tropical plant growth.

Alexander Whyte
For the British colonial administrator, see Alexander Frederick Whyte

Rev Alexander Whyte D.D.,LL.D. (13 January 1836 – 6 January 1921) was a Scottish divine. He was Moderator of the General Assembly of the Free Church of Scotland in 1898.
Tyngsborough Bridge
The Tyngsborough Bridge is a steel tied-arch bridge located in Tyngsborough, Massachusetts and carries Route 113 over the Merrimack River. With a span of 547 feet, it has the longest span of any steel rib through arch bridges in Massachusetts. It is also the 2nd oldest steel rib through arch bridge in the state. The bridge is center hinged and features pratt-type trussing.

Merrimack River
The Merrimack River (or Merrimac River, an occasional earlier spelling) is a 117-mile-long (188 km) river in the northeastern United States. It rises at the confluence of the Pemigewasset and Winnipesaukee rivers in Franklin, New Hampshire, flows southward into Massachusetts, and then flows northeast until it empties into the Gulf of Maine at Newburyport. From Pawtucket Falls in Lowell, Massachusetts, onward, the Massachusetts–New Hampshire border is roughly calculated as the line three miles north of the river.

The Merrimack is an important regional focus in both New Hampshire and Massachusetts. The central-southern part of New Hampshire and most of northeast Massachusetts is known as the Merrimack Valley.

Several U.S. naval ships have been named USS Merrimack and USS Merrimac in honor of this river. The river is also known for the early American literary classic A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers by Henry David Thoreau.
John Donkin
John Donkin (1802–1854) was a British engineer. He was a son of Bryan Donkin and worked in this father's company in Bermondsey, primarily on paper-making equipment.  He married Caroline Hawes, granddaughter of William Hawes, notable as founder of the Royal Humane Society.  Caroline Hawes was the sister of Sir Benjamin Hawes, brother-in-law of Isambard Kingdom Brunel.

John Donkin was the father of Bryan Donkin Junior and grandfather of Sydney Donkin.  He was first cousin of William Fishburn Donkin.

Bryan Donkin
Bryan Donkin FRS FRAS (22 March 1768 – 27 February 1855) developed the first paper making machine and created the world's first commercial canning factory. These were the basis for large industries that continue to flourish today. Bryan Donkin was involved with Thomas Telford's Caledonian Canal, Marc and Isambard Brunel's Thames Tunnel, and Charles Babbage's computer. He was an advisor to the government and held in high esteem by his peers.
Markov blanket
In statistics and machine learning, a Markov blanket of a random variable is a set of variables that renders the variable conditionally independent of all other variables in the system. This concept is central in probabilistic graphical models and feature selection. If a Markov blanket is minimal—meaning that no variable in it can be removed without losing this conditional independence—it is called a Markov boundary. Identifying a Markov blanket or boundary allows for efficient inference and helps isolate relevant variables for prediction or causal reasoning. The terms Markov blanket and Markov boundary were coined by Judea Pearl in 1988. A Markov blanket may be derived from the structure of a probabilistic graphical model such as a Bayesian network or Markov random field.

Set (mathematics)
In mathematics, a set is a collection of different things; the things are called elements or members of the set and are typically mathematical objects: numbers, symbols, points in space, lines, geometric shapes, variables, or other sets.  A set may be finite or infinite. There is a unique set with no elements, called the empty set; a set with a single element is a singleton.

Mathematics typically does not define precisely what constitutes a "set" or "collection", because such a definition would have to be in terms of something else previously defined.  Instead, sets serve as foundational objects whose behavior is described by axioms modeled on intuition about collections, and then essentially all other mathematical objects are rigorously defined in terms of sets.

Set theory studies possible axiom systems and their consequences.
Since the first half of the 20th century, ZFC (Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory with the axiom of choice) has been the axiom system most commonly used.
Papenburg station
Papenburg (Ems) is a railway station located in Papenburg, Lower Saxony, Germany. The station lies on the Emsland Railway (Rheine - Norddeich) and the train services are operated by Deutsche Bahn and WestfalenBahn. In the 1850s the station was built as part of the Hannoversche Westbahn. The track between Papenburg and Emden was opened in 1854.

Hanoverian Western Railway
The Hanoverian Western Railway (German: Hannoversche Westbahn) was a line from the Löhne to Emden, built by the Royal Hanoverian State Railways in the mid-19th century in the west of the Kingdom of Hanover in the modern German states of Lower Saxony and North Rhine-Westphalia.
Dayton S. Mak
Dayton Seymour Mak (July 10, 1917 – March 16, 2018) was an American diplomat who served posts in England, Libya, Lebanon, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Germany. He was the first U.S. Chargé d'Affaires of Kuwait. Mak was also former Director of the Bureau of Intelligence and Research, for Near East South Asia Affairs.

Charles Stuart Kennedy
Charles Stuart "Stu" Kennedy, Jr (1928 – January 2, 2022) was an oral historian of American diplomats. He was the founder of the Foreign Affairs Oral History Program at the Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training. From 1985 onward he conducted over a thousand oral histories of retired American diplomats.