hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Allan Ropper
Allan H. Ropper is an American neurologist and professor of neurology at Harvard Medical School as well as executive vice chair of neurology at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, Mass. In addition to his academic work he is the author of a popular work describing diagnostic neurology, Reaching Down the Rabbit Hole, co-authored with Brian Burrell. A further popular work co-authored by Ropper and Burrell, How the Brain Lost Its Mind, appeared in 2019.

Ropper was influenced by Harvard neurologists Raymond Adams and Miller Fisher.

He has been the lead editor of the most recent editions of Adams & Victors' Principles of Neurology, a popular neurology textbook, now in its eleventh edition.

Brigham and Women's Hospital
Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH or The Brigham) is a teaching hospital of Harvard Medical School and the largest hospital in the Longwood Medical Area in Boston, Massachusetts. Along with Massachusetts General Hospital, it is one of the two founding members of Mass General Brigham, the largest healthcare provider in Massachusetts. Giles Boland, MD, serves as the hospital's current president.

Brigham and Women's Hospital conducts the second largest hospital-based research program in the world, with an annual research budget of more than $630 million.
Bell Buckle Historic District
The Bell Buckle Historic District is a National Register-listed historic district in Bell Buckle, Tennessee.

The district includes downtown Bell Buckle and the campus of Webb School. Buildings in the district date from the late 19th century and early 20th century. The historic district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976, during the United States Bicentennial.

United States Bicentennial
The United States Bicentennial was a series of celebrations and observances during the mid-1970s that paid tribute to historical events leading up to the creation of the United States as an independent republic. It was a central event in the memory of the American Revolution. The Bicentennial culminated on Sunday, July 4, 1976, with the 200th anniversary of the adoption of the Declaration of Independence by the Founding Fathers in the Second Continental Congress.
Tim Burchett
Timothy Floyd Burchett (/ˈbɜːrtʃɪt/ BUR-chit; born August 25, 1964) is an American politician who is the U.S. representative for Tennessee's 2nd congressional district, based in Knoxville, serving since 2019.

A Republican, Burchett was formerly mayor of Knox County, Tennessee. He served in the Tennessee General Assembly, first in the Tennessee House of Representatives, in which he represented Tennessee's 18th district. He later served in the Tennessee State Senate, representing the 7th district, part of Knox County.

Burchett is a part of the new House subcommittee overseeing President Trump's Department of Government Efficiency.

Knox County, Tennessee
Knox County is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee. The population was 506,748 as of a 2024 estimate, making it the third-most populous county in Tennessee. Its county seat is Knoxville, which is the third-most populous city in Tennessee. Knox County is included in the Knoxville metropolitan area. The county is located at the geographical center of the Great Valley of East Tennessee. Near the heart of the county is the origin of the Tennessee River, at the confluence of the Holston and French Broad rivers.
2020 Arizona wildfires
With 2,520 fires burning 978,519 acres (395,993 ha) of land, the 2020 wildfire season was the largest wildfire season in the US state of Arizona since 2011.  Wildfires occur year-round in the state but are most numerous and typically burn the largest swaths of land during spring and summer. Peak fire season in the Southwest typically runs from May, when conditions are windy, hot, and dry, through mid-July, when the North American Monsoon provides the region with precipitation to slow fire activity.

By the end of the year, more than fifty fires larger than 1,000 acres (400 ha) had burned within the state. However, the most notable fire of the season, the Ocotillo Fire, burned only 980 acres (400 ha) over four days and threatened the town of Cave Creek. It destroyed 20 buildings, including 8 homes.

North American monsoon
The North American monsoon, variously known as the Southwest monsoon, the Mexican monsoon, the New Mexican monsoon, or the Arizona monsoon is a pattern of pronounced seasonal increase in thunderstorms and rainfall over large areas of the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico.

Geographically, the weather pattern is centered over the Sierra Madre Occidental in the Mexican states of Sinaloa, Durango, Sonora and Chihuahua, and typically occurs between June and mid-September. Thunderstorms are fueled by daytime heating and build up during the late afternoon and early evening. Typically, these storms dissipate by late night, and the next day starts out fair, with the cycle repeating daily. The cycle typically loses its energy by mid-September when much drier conditions are reestablished over the region.

Whether the North American monsoon is a true monsoon remains controversial.
L-amino-acid dehydrogenase
In enzymology, a L-amino-acid dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.5) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

an L-amino acid + H2O + NAD+ ⇌ a 2-oxo acid + NH3 + NADH + H+

The 3 substrates of this enzyme are L-amino acid, H2O, and NAD+, whereas its 4 products are 2-oxo acid, NH3, NADH, and H+.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is L-amino-acid:NAD+ oxidoreductase (deaminating).

Hydrogen ion
A hydrogen ion is an ion created when a hydrogen atom loses or gains an electron. A positively charged hydrogen ion (or proton) can readily combine with other particles and therefore is only seen isolated when it is in a gaseous state or a nearly particle-free space. Due to its extremely high charge density of approximately 2×1010 times that of a sodium ion, the bare hydrogen ion cannot exist freely in solution as it readily hydrates, i.e., bonds quickly. The hydrogen ion is recommended by IUPAC as a general term for all ions of hydrogen and its isotopes. 
Depending on the charge of the ion, two different classes can be distinguished: positively charged ions (hydrons) and negatively charged (hydride) ions.
Carnoustie railway station
Carnoustie railway station is a railway station which serves the town of Carnoustie, Angus, Scotland. It is sited 10 miles 33 chains (16.8 km) east of the former Dundee East station, on the Dundee to Aberdeen line, between Golf Street and Arbroath. There is a crossover at the south end of the station, which can be used to facilitate trains turning back if the line north to Arbroath is blocked. ScotRail manage the station and provide almost all services.

Carnoustie station was refurbished by Galliford Try Rail prior to the 2007 Open Golf Championship which was held at the adjacent golf course.

Angus, Scotland
Angus (Scots: Angus; Scottish Gaelic: Aonghas) is one of the 32 local government council areas of Scotland, and a lieutenancy area. The council area borders Aberdeenshire, Dundee City and Perth and Kinross. Main industries include agriculture and fishing. Global pharmaceuticals company GSK has a significant presence in Montrose in the east of the county.

Angus was historically a province, and later a sheriffdom and county (called Forfarshire or the County of Forfar until 1928), bordering Kincardineshire to the north-east, Aberdeenshire to the north and Perthshire to the west; southwards it faced Fife across the Firth of Tay. The county included Dundee until 1894, when it was made a county of a city. The pre-1894 boundaries of Angus continue to be used as a registration county. Between 1975 and 1996 Angus was a lower-tier district within the Tayside region. The district took on its modern form and powers in 1996, since when the local authority has been Angus Council.
Legs Diamond
Jack "Legs" Diamond (possibly born John Thomas Diamond, though disputed; July 10, 1897 – December 18, 1931), also known as John Nolan and Gentleman Jack, was an Irish-American gangster in Philadelphia and New York City during the Prohibition era. A bootlegger and close associate of gambler Arnold Rothstein, Diamond survived a number of attempts on his life between 1916 and 1931, causing him to be known as the "clay pigeon of the underworld". In 1930, Diamond's nemesis Dutch Schultz remarked to his own gang, "Ain't there nobody that can shoot this guy so he don't bounce back?"

Clay pigeon shooting
Clay pigeon shooting, also known as clay target shooting, is a shooting sport involving shooting at special flying targets known as "clay pigeons" or "clay targets" with a shotgun. Despite their name, the targets are usually inverted saucers made of pulverized limestone mixed with pitch and a brightly colored pigment.
Regional Natural Park of the Ligurian Alps
The Regional Natural Park of the Ligurian Alps (in Italian Parco Naturale Regionale delle Alpi Liguri) is a natural park in Province of Imperia (Liguria, Italy). It was established in 2007 by the legge regionale nr.34 of 15/11/2007.

Ventimiglia
Ventimiglia (Italian: [ventiˈmiʎʎa]; Intemelio: Ventemiglia [veŋteˈmiʎa], Genoese: Vintimiggia; French: Vintimille [vɛ̃timij]; Provençal: Ventemilha [venteˈmiʎɔ]) is a resort town in the province of Imperia, Liguria, northern Italy. It is located 130 km (81 mi) west of Genoa, and 7 km (4.3 mi) from the French-Italian border, on the Gulf of Genoa, having a small harbour at the mouth of the Roia river, which divides the town into two parts. Ventimiglia's urban area has a population of 55,000.
1910 Tie Cup final
The 1910 Tie Cup final was the final match to decide the winner of the Tie Cup, the 11th edition of the international competition organised by the Argentine and Uruguayan Football Associations. The final was contested by Argentine C.A. Estudiantes and Uruguayan CURCC. It was the last Tie Cup played by the CURCC before the club dissolved in 1915.

In the match, played at Estadio GEBA in Palermo, Buenos Aires, the teams tied 2–2 so a playoff needed to be played to determine a winner. The rematch was never scheduled, so the trophy was declared desert in 1911.

Estudiantes de Buenos Aires
Club Atlético Estudiantes, usually called Estudiantes de Caseros or Estudiantes de Buenos Aires, is an Argentine football club from Caseros, Buenos Aires. The club is mostly known for its football team, which  currently plays in the Primera B Nacional, the second division of the Argentine football league system.

Apart from football, the club hosts other disciplines such as handball, karate, roller skating and taekwondo.
Agro (puppet)
Agro is an Australian puppet and media personality, not owned although operated by comedian and voice artist Jamie Dunn. He was especially prominent on Australian television in the 1990s due to his co-hosting opposite Ann-Maree Biggar and Terasa Livingstone of Agro's Cartoon Connection, a children's program that was aired from 1990 to 1997 on weekday mornings on the Seven Network.

B105 (Australian radio station)
B105 (call sign 4BBB) is a commercial FM radio station broadcasting in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, on a frequency of 105.3 MHz, and is part of Southern Cross Austereo's Hit Network. The station has undergone numerous branding changes over the years; it was branded as B105 following its conversion from AM to FM. This lasted until a co-branding as Hit 105.3 B105, then as Hit B105 (dropping the "B" shortly after) and finally back to B105 in July 2020.
Orbis Cascade Alliance
The Orbis Cascade Alliance is a library consortium serving academic libraries in the Northwestern United States. The consortium was formed through the 2003 merger of two previous consortia, Orbis and Cascade, which consisted of libraries in Oregon and Washington, respectively. The Alliance functioned as part of the University of Oregon until its incorporation as a nonprofit on February 1, 2011. The Alliance has 38 governing members, consisting of colleges and universities in Oregon and Washington, plus the University of Idaho. The Alliance serves many types of libraries in a broader area that includes Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Montana, Utah, Wyoming, Alaska, and Hawaii.

Library consortium
A library consortium is any cooperative association of libraries that coordinates resources and/or activities on behalf of its members, whether they are academic, public, school or special libraries, and/or information centers. Library consortia have been created to service specific regions or geographic areas, e.g., local, state, regional, national or international. Many libraries commonly belong to multiple consortia. The goal of a library consortium is to amplify the capabilities and effectiveness of its member libraries through collective action, including, but not limited to, print or electronic resource sharing, reducing costs through group purchases of resources, and hosting professional development opportunities. The “bedrock principle upon which consortia operate is that libraries can accomplish more together than alone.”
District School No. 3 (Chaumont, New York)
District School No. 3, also known as Putnam Schoolhouse, is a historic one-room school building located at Lyme in Jefferson County, New York. The schoolhouse consists of a 1+1⁄2-story, two-by-three-bay wood-frame main block constructed about 1875, and a 1-story, two-by-one-bay rear addition constructed about 1900. Also on the property is a double privy dating to about 1900.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.
Olita C Stewart was a teacher in the One Room School until Chaumont Central School started, then worked there.

Jefferson County, New York
Jefferson County is a county on the northern border of the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 116,721. Its county seat is Watertown. The county is named after Thomas Jefferson, third President of the United States of America. It is adjacent to Lake Ontario, southeast from the Canada–US border of Ontario. The county is part of the North Country region of the state.

Jefferson County comprises the Watertown-Fort Drum, NY Metropolitan Statistical Area.  The popularity of the area as a summer tourist destination results in a dramatic increase of population during that season.

In 2014, it elected Colleen M. O'Neill as the first woman county sheriff in the state. She had served with the New York State Police for 32 years.

The United States Army's 10th Mountain Division is based at Fort Drum. The base had a total population of nearly 13,000 according to the 2010 census.
Karolína Kurková
Karolína Kurková (Czech pronunciation: [ˈkaroliːna ˈkurkovaː]; born 28 February 1984) is a Czech model known for her work as a former Victoria's Secret Angel and Vogue cover star. Mario Testino praised the "proportions of her body and her face, as well as her energy level", which he said "ma[de] her a model who could fit almost into any moment". Vogue editor Anna Wintour called her the "next supermodel".

In 2007, Kurková was among the world's top-earning models, having earned an estimated $5 million. She placed 6th in the Forbes annual list of the highest-earning models that same year.

Christian Dior
Christian Ernest Dior (French: [kʁistjɑ̃ djɔʁ]; 21 January 1905 – 24 October 1957) was a French fashion designer and founder of one of the world's top fashion houses, Christian Dior SE. His fashion house is known all around the world, having gained prominence "on five continents in only a decade."

Dior's skills led to his employment and design for various fashion icons in attempts to preserve the fashion industry during World War II. After the war, he founded and established the Dior fashion house, with his collection of the "New Look". In 1947, the collection debuted featuring rounded shoulders, a cinched waist, and very full skirt. The New Look celebrated ultra-femininity and opulence in women's fashion.

Throughout his lifetime, and after his death, he won numerous awards for Best Costume Design.
Abu Mansur Muwaffaq
Abū Manṣūr Muwaffaq Harawī (Arabic/Persian: أبو منصور موفق هروي) was a 10th-century Persian physician.

He flourished in Herat (modern-day Afghanistan), under the Samanid prince Mansur I, who ruled from 961 to 976.

He was apparently the first to think of compiling a treatise on materia medica in Persian; he travelled extensively in Persia and India to obtain the necessary information.

Abu Mansur distinguished between sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate, and seems to have had some knowledge about arsenious oxide, cupric oxide, silicic acid, and antimony; he knew the toxicological effects of copper and lead compounds, the depilatory vertue of quicklime, the composition of plaster of Paris, and its surgical use.

Potassium carbonate
Potassium carbonate is the inorganic compound with the formula K2CO3. It is a white salt, which is soluble in water and forms a strongly alkaline solution. It is deliquescent, often appearing as a damp or wet solid. Potassium carbonate is used in production of dutch process cocoa powder, production of soap and production of glass. Commonly, it can be found as the result of leakage of alkaline batteries. Potassium carbonate is a potassium salt of carbonic acid. This salt consists of potassium cations K+ and carbonate anions CO2−3, and is therefore an alkali metal carbonate.
Atpadi
Atpadi is an administrative town of the Atpadi Taluka of Sangli District in the Indian state of Maharashtra. Atpadi is located north-east of Sangli District and shares borders with the adjacent Solapur and Satara Districts. The town has a taluka administrative office (that is, a Panchayat samiti local government body), a courthouse, a police station, a government-run primary hospital, various schools and colleges and a theater. Atpadi's economy is based on the cultivation and sale of agricultural products, with pomegranates and cotton constituting the core of the industry. The town is also home to the Manganga Sahakari Sugar factory, a Pomegranate auction center and various small scale industries in fields such as manufacturing, processing, servicing and repairs.

The town can also lay claim to a literary connection, with four prominent Marathi authors originating from Atpadi.

Sangli district
Sangli district (Marathi pronunciation: [saːŋɡli]) is a district of Maharashtra state in India. Sangli city is the district headquarters. It is bordered by Satara district, Solapur district to the North, Karnataka state to the South-East, by Kolhapur district to South-West and by narrow portion on the East side to Ratnagiri district. It is present on the southern tip of Maharashtra.

The district is 31.11% urban. Sangli and Miraj are the largest cities. The second oldest industrial township like Kirloskarwadi (Palus) is also located in Sangli district. Industrialist Laxmanrao Kirloskar started his first factory here. It is known as the sugar bowl of India due to its high sugarcane productivity. Sangli district is one of the most fertile and highly developed districts in Maharashtra. The district is very popular as a political powerhouse in the state. It has provided many politicians and bureaucrats and is often referred to as the Heaven of Farmers.
1997 Karjala Tournament
The 1997 Karjala Tournament was played between 6 and 9 November 1997. The Czech Republic, Finland, Sweden and Russia played a round-robin for a total of three games per team and six games in total. All of the games were played in Hartwall Areena, Helsinki, Finland. Sweden won the tournament. The tournament was part of the 1997–98 Euro Hockey Tour.

Czechia men's national ice hockey team
The Czech Republic men's national ice hockey team is the national ice hockey team of the Czech Republic. Since 2021, the team has been officially known in English as Czechia. It is one of the most successful national ice hockey teams in history and a member of the so-called "Big Six", the unofficial group of the six strongest men's ice hockey nations, along with Canada, Finland, Russia, Sweden and the United States. It is governed by the Czech Ice Hockey Association. The Czech Republic has 85,000 male players officially enrolled in organized hockey (0.8% of its population).
Separation test
A separation test is a statistical procedure for early-phase research, to decide whether to pursue further research. It is designed to avoid the prevalent situation in early-phase research, when a statistically underpowered test gives a negative result.

Power (statistics)
In frequentist statistics, power is the probability of detecting an effect (i.e. rejecting the null hypothesis) given that some prespecified effect actually exists using a given test in a given context. In typical use, it is a function of the specific test that is used (including the choice of test statistic and significance level), the sample size (more data tends to provide more power), and the effect size (effects or correlations that are large relative to the variability of the data tend to provide more power).

More formally, in the case of a simple hypothesis test with two hypotheses, the power of the test is the probability that the test correctly rejects the null hypothesis () when the alternative hypothesis () is true. It is commonly denoted by , where  is the probability of making a type II error (a false negative) conditional on there being a true effect or association.
FC MITOS Novocherkassk
FC MITOS Novocherkassk (Russian: ФК МИТОС Новочеркасск) was a Russian association football club from Novocherkassk, founded in 1999 as amateur club by construction company MITOS. In 2008 FC MITOS had its debut in semi-professional championship in the first league of Rostov Oblast, where it became the champion. In 2009 the club was supposed to participate in the highest league of Rostov Oblast, but applied for participation in the third Russian division (South zone), where it became the third this year. Since 2010 it played in the third-tier Russian Professional Football League (South zone). It was not registered for professional competition for the 2016–17 season.

Rostov Oblast
Rostov Oblast (Russian: Росто́вская о́бласть, romanized: Rostovskaya oblastʹ, IPA: [rɐˈstofskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast), located in the Southern Federal District. The oblast has an area of 100,967 square kilometers (38,984 sq mi) and a population of 4,200,729 (2021 Census), making it the sixth most populous federal subject in Russia. Its administrative center is the city of Rostov-on-Don, which also became the administrative center of the Southern Federal District in 2002.
Kashiba, Nara
Kashiba (香芝市, Kashiba-shi) is a city located in Nara Prefecture, Japan. As of 30 November 2024, the city had an estimated population of 78,357 in 33199 households, and a population density of 3200 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 24.26 km2 (9.37 sq mi).

Kintetsu Railway
Kintetsu Railway Co., Ltd. (近畿日本鉄道株式会社, Kinki-nippon Tetsudō Kabushiki-gaisha), referred to as Kintetsu (近鉄) and officially Kinki-Nippon Railway, is a Japanese passenger railway company, managing infrastructure and operating passenger train service. Its railway system is the largest in Japan, excluding Japan Railways Group. The railway network connects Osaka, Nara, Kyoto, Nagoya, Tsu, Ise, and Yoshino. Kintetsu Railway Co., Ltd. is a wholly owned subsidiary of Kintetsu Group Holdings Co., Ltd.