hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Trolleybuses in Basel
The Basel trolleybus system (Alemannic German: Trolleybussystem Basel) was part of the public transport network of Basel, Switzerland, for nearly six decades.  Opened in 1941, it combined after 1997 with the Basel Regional S-Bahn, the Basel tramway network and Basel's urban motorbus network to form an integrated all-four style scheme until its closure in 2008.

The trolleybus system was operated by Basler Verkehrs-Betriebe (BVB), which also operates Basel's motorbus network and some of the trams on its tramway network.  At its height, the trolleybus system consisted of three lines, two of which ran into the neighbouring municipality of Riehen, north of Basel.

Trolleybus
A trolleybus (also known as trolley bus, trolley coach, trackless trolley, trackless tram (in the 1910s and 1920s), road tram or simply trolley) is an electric bus that draws power from dual overhead lines (generally suspended from roadside posts) using spring-loaded or pneumatically raised trolley poles. Two wires, and two trolley poles, are required to complete the electrical circuit. This differs from a tram or streetcar, which normally uses the track as the return path, needing only one wire and one pole (or pantograph). They are also distinct from other kinds of electric buses, which usually rely on batteries. Power is most commonly supplied as 600-volt direct current in older systems and 750-volts in newer systems, but there are exceptions.

Currently, around 300 trolleybus systems are in operation, in cities and towns in 43 countries. Altogether, more than 800 trolleybus systems have existed, but not more than about 400 concurrently.
Peel en Maas
Peel en Maas (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈpeːl ɛ ˈmaːs]; Limburgish: Pieël en Maas) is a municipality in the southeastern Netherlands, established on 1 January 2010. It is situated in the province of Limburg. The municipality is formed by the towns of Panningen, Helden, Kessel, Kessel-Eik, Maasbree, Baarlo, Beringe, Egchel, Grashoek, Koningslust, and Meijel. It has a population of more than 40,000 people from various backgrounds. The municipality has several facilities such as a high school, public library, swimming pool, and a well-connected public bus transport system.

Each town has its own characteristics. The municipality's official slogan is: "beleef de ruimte!" (experience the space!).

Limburgish
Limburgish (Limburgs [ˈlɪm˦bʏʀ(ə)xs] or Lèmburgs [ˈlɛm˦-]; Dutch: Limburgs [ˈlɪmbʏr(ə)xs]; also Limburgian, Limburgic or Limburgan) is the collective designation for a group of closely related language varieties spoken in most of Belgian and Dutch Limburg and in the adjacent areas of North Rhine-Westphalia.

The Limburgish dialects lack a standardized form and instead comprise multiple varieties, each with its own distinctive features. A characteristic feature of many dialects of Limburgish is the occurrence of a lexical pitch accent (Franconian tone accent), which these dialects adopted from and share with the adjacent Central Franconian dialects of German.

In the Netherlands, Limburgish has been officially recognized as a regional language by the Dutch government since 1997. In Belgium and Germany, Limburgish dialects have no formal legal status.
Zbigniew Gryglas
Zbigniew Gryglas is a Polish entrepreneur, manager, politician, civil servant and philanthropist. Graduated from Olsztyn University, National School of Public Administration and Warsaw School of Economics. He served many years in Ministry of the State Assets supervising state owned companies from energy sector. He is a former member of the Sejm, and formerly the vice president of the Agreement political party. In the years 2019-2021 Deputy Minister of the State Assets and the plenipotentiary of the Offshore Wind Energy. From 2021 the supervisory board member of the biggest Polish energy group (PGE).

From 2015 to 2017 he was a member of Modern, however in 2017 he left the party citing worldview differences. In February 2021 he was permanently removed from the Agreement party.

He is married and has 3 sons.

Modern (political party)
Modern (Polish: Nowoczesna, styled as ".Nowoczesna") was a centre-right liberal political party in Poland.

It was formed in 2015 as "NowoczesnaPL" although it had to change the name to ".Nowoczesna" later that year due to a dispute with the similarly named Modern Poland Foundation. Its first president Ryszard Petru served until 2017, when he was succeeded by Katarzyna Lubnauer. It first gained seats in the 2015 parliamentary election, and in 2018 it joined the Civic Coalition to participate together in the local elections. Szłapka was elected as the president in 2019. Modern was a member of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe, and it was orientated towards the principles of liberalism, neoliberalism, and classical liberalism. It also supported Poland's membership in the European Union.
Paul Ernst Wilhelm Hartmann
Paul Ernst Wilhelm Hartmann (12 October 1878 – 5 December 1974) was a Norwegian politician who served in the exile government of Johan Nygaardsvold during World War II. He was appointed councilor of state in 1941 and 1942, acting Minister of Finance 1941–1942 and 1942–1945, and member of the government delegation in Oslo in 1945, as head of the Ministry of Agriculture. After the war, he served as chairman of the board of Vinmonopolet (The Wine Monopoly) from 1945–53. In 1955, Hartmann published his memoires, titled Bak fronten; fra Oslo og London 1939–45 (Behind the Front, from Oslo and London 1939–45).

He was a brother of judge and politician Carl Wilhelm Hartmann.

Johan Nygaardsvold
Johan Nygaardsvold (Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈnỳːɡoːʂvɔɫ]; 6 September 1879 – 13 March 1952) was a Norwegian politician from the Labour Party who served as the prime minister of Norway from 1935 to 1945. From June 1940 until May 1945, he oversaw the Norwegian Government-in-exile from London as head of the Nygaardsvold cabinet during the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany.
Seebenstein Madonna
The Seebenstein Madonna, alternatively titled Virgin and Child Enthroned is a wooden sculpture depicting the Madonna by German woodcarver Tilman Riemenschneider, carved approximately 1495-1505. Made with local Würzburg Limewood, the sculpture saw ownership under the House of Wittelsbach passed along by descent. A fixture of Burg Seebenstein, it was acquired by the Yale University Art Gallery, New Haven, Connecticut on 23 July 2025, and is on display at the European Art gallery as part of an effort to expand upon the art of the Northern Renaissance.

House of Wittelsbach
The House of Wittelsbach (German: Haus Wittelsbach) is a former Bavarian dynasty, with branches that have ruled over territories including the Electorate of Bavaria, the Electoral Palatinate, the Electorate of Cologne, Holland, Zeeland, Sweden (with Swedish-ruled Finland), Denmark, Norway, Hungary, Bohemia, and Greece. Their ancestral lands of Bavaria and the Palatinate were prince-electorates, and the family had three of its members elected emperors and kings of the Holy Roman Empire. They ruled over the Kingdom of Bavaria which was created in 1805 and continued to exist until 1918.

The House of Windsor, the reigning royal house of the British monarchy, are descendants of Sophia of Hanover (1630–1714), a Wittelsbach Princess of the Palatinate by birth and Electress of Hanover by marriage, who had inherited the succession rights of the House of Stuart and passed them on to the House of Hanover.
The Tempest (Tchaikovsky)
The Tempest (Russian: Буря Burya), Symphonic Fantasia after Shakespeare, Op. 18, is a symphonic poem in F minor by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky composed in 1873. It was premiered in December 1873, conducted by Nikolai Rubinstein.

It is based on the play The Tempest by William Shakespeare.  Similar in structure to Tchaikovsky's better-known Romeo and Juliet fantasy-overture, it contains themes depicting the stillness of the ship at sea, the grotesque nature of Caliban, and the love between Ferdinand and Miranda.  The love music is particularly strong, being reminiscent of the love music from Romeo and Juliet.

Tchaikovsky was much influenced by Shakespeare: in addition to Romeo and Juliet and The Tempest, he also wrote a Hamlet overture-fantasy (1888) and incidental music to Hamlet (1891).

Excerpts from the score were used in the 2005 ballet Anna Karenina, choreographed by Boris Eifman.

Miranda (The Tempest)
Miranda is one of the principal characters of William Shakespeare's The Tempest. She is the only female character to appear on stage.

Miranda is the daughter of Prospero, another of the main characters of The Tempest. She was banished to the Island along with her father at age three, and in the subsequent twelve years has lived with her father and their slave, Caliban, as her only company. She is openly compassionate and unaware of the evils of the world that surrounds her, learning of her father's fate only as the play begins.
Bromus alopecuros
Bromus alopecuros is a species of brome grass known by the common name weedy brome.

It is native to the Mediterranean basin, and it is known in other places, including Australia, South Africa, and California, as an introduced species and sometimes a weed. It is an annual grass producing stems up to 80 centimeters tall. The inflorescence is a dense packet of spikelets with tangling, curved awns.

Awn (botany)
An awn is a hairy or bristle-like growth on a plant.

On the seeds of grasses such as barley or rye, they form foxtails which assist seed dispersal by being barbed and so sticking to passing animals.  Also, the awns may twist or curl as they are wetted and dry out and this action can make fallen seeds walk until they fall into a crevice into which they then burrow.

Besides grasses, other families of plants which have awns include Asteraceae such as sunflowers and Geraniaceae such as geraniums.  In the latter, the awns help disperse the seeds by developing a tension which then catapults the seeds when the seed head ripens and dries out.
Neodiprion swainei
Neodiprion swainei, the Swaine jack pine sawfly, is a species of sawfly in the family Diprionidae. It is found east of the Rocky Mountains in Canada from Alberta to Nova Scotia and in the Great Lake states of the United States.

Its primary host is the jack pine. Larvae feed more readily on older growth because current-year foliage contains a chemical deterrent.  Other pines that may be defoliated if near an outbreak of this sawfly include red (Pinus resinosa), eastern white (Pinus strobus), and scotch (Pinus sylvestris) pines. Only minor infestations have occurred north of 49° N due to the low survival rate of larvae in the cold fall weather.

Pinus sylvestris
Pinus sylvestris, the Scots pine (UK), Scotch pine (US), Baltic pine, or European red pine is a species of tree in the pine family Pinaceae that is native to Eurasia. It can readily be identified by its combination of fairly short, blue-green leaves and orange-red bark.
Vestvollen Bluff
Vestvollen Bluff (72°6′S 3°38′E﻿ / ﻿72.100°S 3.633°E﻿ / -72.100; 3.633) is a rock and ice bluff forming the west side of Festninga Mountain in the Muhlig-Hofmann Mountains, Queen Maud Land. It was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by the Norwegian Antarctic Expedition (1956–60) and named Vestvollen, meaning "the west wall."

This article incorporates public domain material from "Vestvollen Bluff". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Mühlig-Hofmann Mountains
The Mühlig-Hofmann Mountains (German: Mühlig-Hofmann-Gebirge) is a major group of associated mountain features extending east to west for 100 km (62 mi) between the Gjelsvik Mountains and the Orvin Mountains in Queen Maud Land, East Antarctica. With its summit at 3,148 metres (10,328 ft), the massive Jøkulkyrkja Mountain forms the highest point in the Mühlig-Hofmann Mountains.
Cunuyo
Cunuyo (possibly from Aymara khunu snow, uyu corral, "snow corral") is a mountain in the north of the Apolobamba mountain range on the border of Bolivia and Peru. It is about 5,100 metres (16,732 ft) high. On the Bolivian side it is located in the La Paz Department, Franz Tamayo Province, Pelechuco Municipality, and on the Peruvian side it lies in the Puno Region, Putina Province, Sina District. Cunuyo is situated southwest of the mountain Locopauchenta and east of Losojocha.

Cunuyo is also the name of a river which originates near the mountain. It flows to the northeast.

La Paz Department (Bolivia)
The La Paz Department of Bolivia comprises 133,985 square kilometres (51,732 sq mi) with a 2024 census population of 3,022,566 inhabitants. It is situated at the western border of Bolivia, sharing Lake Titicaca with the neighboring Peru. It contains the Cordillera Real mountain range, which reaches altitudes of 6.6 kilometers (22,000 ft). Northeast of the Cordillera Real are the Yungas, the steep eastern slopes of the Andes Mountains that make the transition to the Amazon River basin to the northeast. The capital of the department is the city of La Paz and is the administrative city and seat of government/national capital of Bolivia.
Waverider
A waverider is a hypersonic aircraft design that improves its supersonic lift-to-drag ratio by using the shock waves being generated by its own flight as a lifting surface, a phenomenon known as compression lift.

The waverider remains a well-studied design for high-speed aircraft in the Mach 5 and higher hypersonic regime, although no such design has yet entered production. The Boeing X-51 scramjet demonstration aircraft was tested from 2010 to 2013.  In its final test flight, it reached a speed of Mach 5.1 (5,400 km/h; 3,400 mph).

Caret
Caret (from Latin  caret 'there is lacking') is the name used familiarly for the character ^ provided on most QWERTY keyboards by typing ⇧ Shift+6. The symbol has a variety of uses in programming and mathematics. The name "caret" arose from its visual similarity to the original proofreader's caret, ‸, a mark used in proofreading to indicate where a punctuation mark, word, or phrase should be inserted into a document. The ASCII standard (X3.64.1977) calls it a "circumflex"; the Unicode standard calls it a "circumflex accent", although it is no longer practicable to use it for that purpose.
Veszprém District
Veszprém (Hungarian: Veszprémi járás) is a district in central-eastern part of Veszprém County. Veszprém is also the name of the town where the district seat is found. The district is located in the Central Transdanubia Statistical Region.

Veszprém
Veszprém (Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈvɛspreːm]; German: Weißbrünn, Czech: Bezpřím, Slovak: Bezprím, Slovene: Belomost) is one of the oldest urban areas in Hungary, and a city with county rights. It lies approximately 15 km (9 mi) north of the Lake Balaton. It is the administrative center of the county of the same name.
James W. Marshall House
The James W. Marshall House, located at 60 Bridge Street in the city of Lambertville in Hunterdon County, United States, was the boyhood home of James W. Marshall.  Marshall's discovery of gold in the American River in California in January 1848 set the stage for the California Gold Rush. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 18, 1970, for its significance in architecture and history. It now serves as the headquarters for the Lambertville Historical Society, and is open to the public as an historic house museum.

American River
The American River is a 30-mile-long (50 km) river in California that runs from the Sierra Nevada mountain range to its confluence with the Sacramento River in downtown Sacramento. Via the Sacramento River, it is part of the San Francisco Bay watershed. This river is fed by the melting snowpack of the Sierra Nevada and its many headwaters and tributaries, including its North, Middle, and South Forks.

The American River is known for the discovery of gold at Sutter's Mill in Coloma in 1848 that started the California Gold Rush and contributed to the initial large-scale settlement of California by white American migrants. Today, the river still has high quality water, and it is the main source of drinking water for Sacramento. This river is dammed extensively for irrigation, flood control, and hydroelectric power. The American River watershed supports Mediterranean, temperate, and montane ecosystems, and it is the home of a diverse array of fish and wildlife.
Solar cycle 11
Solar cycle 11 was the eleventh solar cycle since 1755, when extensive recording of solar sunspot activity began. The solar cycle lasted 11.8 years, beginning in March 1867 and ending in December 1878.  The maximum smoothed sunspot number observed during the solar cycle was 234.0 (August 1870), and the starting minimum was 9.9. During the minimum transit from solar cycle 11 to 12, there were a total of 1028 days with no sunspots (the highest recorded of any cycle transit to date).

Strong auroral displays were observed in October 1870, February 1872, and August 1872.

Sunspot number
The Wolf number (also known as the relative sunspot number or Zürich number) is a quantity that measures the number of sunspots and groups of sunspots present on the surface of the Sun. Historically, it was only possible to detect sunspots on the far side of the Sun indirectly using helioseismology. Since 2006, NASA's STEREO spacecrafts allow their direct observation.
'38 – Vienna Before the Fall
'38 – Vienna Before the Fall (German: 38 – Auch das war Wien, lit. '38 – That too was Vienna') is a 1987 Austrian-West German co-produced drama film directed by Wolfgang Glück. It was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film at the 59th Academy Awards. It is set in Vienna in 1937–1938 at the time of the Anschluss.

Co-production (media)
A co-production is a joint venture between two or more different production companies for the purpose of film production, television production, video game development, and so on. In the case of an international co-production, production companies from different countries (typically two to three) are working together.

Co-production also refers to the way services are produced by their users, in some parts or entirely.
Candicidin
Candicidin is an antifungal compound obtained from Streptomyces griseus.  It is active against some fungi including Candida albicans. Candicidin is administered intravaginally in the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis.

This bioactive compound was named candicidin, because of its high activity on  Candida albicans.

Bioactive compound
A bioactive compound is a compound that has an effect on a living organism, tissue or cell, usually demonstrated by basic research in vitro or in vivo in the laboratory. While dietary nutrients are essential to life, bioactive compounds have not been proved to be essential – as the body can function without them – or because their actions are obscured by nutrients fulfilling the function.

Bioactive compounds lack sufficient evidence of effect or safety, and consequently they are usually unregulated and may be sold as dietary supplements.
Brian Jackson (conductor)
Brian Jackson (born 26 December 1943) is a British-Canadian conductor, organist and pianist. He became a naturalized Canadian citizen in 1974. Until 2012 he was Principal Pops Conductor of the Kitchener-Waterloo Symphony, Orchestra London, and the Victoria Symphony.

Kitchener–Waterloo Symphony
The Kitchener–Waterloo Symphony (KWS) is an orchestra based in the twin cities of Kitchener and Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. Its home venue is located at Centre In The Square in Kitchener, Ontario.  The orchestra consists of 52 professional musicians under full-time contract. KWS performs close to 90 performances during a 38-week season for a combined concert audience of over 90,000. The orchestra is regularly heard across Canada on CBC Radio Two. In September 2023, the symphony abruptly halted its 2023–2024 season, citing its financial difficulties, and later declared bankruptcy. This included all concerts and other activities such as, Kitchener–Waterloo Symphony Youth Orchestra and Bridge to Music. As of late October 2024, the orchestra announced that the bankruptcy had been annulled and that they are rebuilding with a new Board of Directors.
Delimiter-separated values
Delimiter-separated values (DSV): 113  is a way of storing tabular data by separating the fields (values) of each row with a specific character as a delimiter. DSV is often used for data exchange and is commonly supported by database and spreadsheet software.

A delimited text file is a text file that stores data as DSV. Such a file can be classified as a flat-file database if, in fact, the data is database-like – accessing individual rows is meaningful.

A commonly used alternative for text data is fixed-width where each column has the same number of characters – limiting the length of each field value. In contrast, DSV supports field values of any length.

Character (computing)
In computing and telecommunications, a character is the encoded representation of a natural language character (including letter, numeral and punctuation), whitespace (space or tab), or a control character (controls computer hardware that consumes character-based data). A sequence of characters is called a string.

Some character encoding systems represent each character using a fixed number of bits whereas other systems use varying sizes. Various fixed-length sizes were used for now obsolete systems such as the six-bit character code, the five-bit Baudot code and even 4-bit systems (with only 16 possible values). The more modern ASCII system uses the 8-bit byte for each character. Today, the Unicode-based UTF-8 encoding uses a varying number of byte-sized code units to define a code point which combine to encode a character.
Herselt
Herselt (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɦɛrsəlt]) is a municipality located in the Belgian province of Antwerp. The municipality comprises the towns of Herselt proper, Ramsel, Blauberg, Bergom and Varenwinkel. In 2021, Herselt had a total population of 14,649. The total area is 52.32 km2.

Municipalities of Belgium
Belgium comprises 565 municipalities (Dutch: gemeenten; French: communes; German: Gemeinden), 285 of them grouped into five provinces in Flanders and 261 others in five provinces in Wallonia, while the remaining 19 are in the Brussels Capital Region, which is not divided in provinces. In most cases, the municipalities are the smallest administrative subdivisions of Belgium, but in municipalities with more than 100,000 inhabitants, on the initiative of the local council, sub-municipal administrative entities with elected councils may be created. As such, only Antwerp, having over 500,000 inhabitants, became subdivided into ten districts (Dutch: districten).

The Belgian arrondissements (Dutch: arrondissementen; French: arrondissements; German: Bezirke), an administrative level between province (or the capital region) and municipality, or the lowest judicial level, are in English sometimes called districts as well.