hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Spalt
Spalt (German pronunciation: [ʃpalt] ⓘ; Franconian dialect: Schbåld) is a town in the district of Roth, in Bavaria, Germany. It is situated 19 km southwest of Schwabach. Spalt is famous for growing hops for brewing beer.

Schwabach
Schwabach (German pronunciation: [ˈʃvaːbax] ⓘ) is a German city of about 40,000 inhabitants near Nuremberg in the centre of the region of Franconia in the north of Bavaria. Together with the neighboring cities of Nuremberg, Fürth and Erlangen, Schwabach forms one of the three metropolitan areas in Bavaria. The city is an autonomous administrative district (kreisfreie Stadt). Schwabach is also the name of the river which runs through the city prior to joining the Rednitz.

Schwabach is famous for its crafts made of gold, particularly gold foil. In 2004, Schwabach celebrated this tradition with an anniversary festival, marking "500 years gold foil in Schwabach".

Around 1500, a local typesetter developed the "Schwabacher" font. This font was used for printing the first Bible in German, which had been worked out by Martin Luther.
Group family
In probability theory, especially as it is used in statistics, a group family of probability distributions is one obtained by subjecting a random variable with a fixed distribution to a suitable transformation, such as a location–scale family, or otherwise one of probability distributions acted upon by a group. Considering a family of distributions as a group family can, in statistical theory, lead to identifying ancillary statistics.

Statistical theory
The theory of statistics provides a basis for the whole range of techniques, in both study design and data analysis, that are used within applications of statistics. The theory covers approaches to statistical-decision problems and to statistical inference, and the actions and deductions that satisfy  the basic principles stated for these different approaches. Within a given approach, statistical theory gives ways of comparing statistical procedures; it can find the  best possible procedure within a given context for given statistical problems, or can provide guidance on the choice between alternative procedures.

Apart from philosophical considerations about how to make statistical inferences and decisions, much of statistical theory consists of mathematical statistics, and is closely linked to probability theory, to utility theory, and to optimization.
Donenfeld
Donenfeld is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Friedrich Donenfeld (1912–1976), Austrian footballer and manager

Harry Donenfeld (1893–1965), American comic book publisher

Irwin Donenfeld (1926–2004), American comic book publisher, son of Harry

Juliet Donenfeld (born 2009), American actress

Friedrich Donenfeld
Friedrich Donenfeld (17 January 1912 – 20 March 1976) was an Austrian professional football player and manager.

He played for Thalia Wien, Hakoah Vienna, Maccabi Tel Aviv, Marseille and Red Star

He coached the Colombia national team, Atlético Junior, the Netherlands national team, Fortuna Sittard, DHC, Enschedese Boys, VV DOS, Twente, MVV and PEC Zwolle, among others.
Undisclosed Desires
"Undisclosed Desires" (also known as "Undisclosed") is a song by English rock band Muse. It was released as the second single from their fifth studio album, The Resistance, on 16 November 2009. The song was written by lead vocalist Matthew Bellamy, who has described it as being "quite a personal song about me and my girlfriend." The song peaked at number 49 on the UK Singles Chart. It also achieved large success in Australia where it was certified Platinum and is Muse's highest-charting single in that country.

Slapping (music)
Slapping and popping are ways to produce percussive sounds on a stringed instrument. They are primarily used on the double bass or bass guitar. Slapping on bass guitar involves using the edge of one's knuckle, where it is particularly bony, to quickly strike the string against the fretboard. On bass guitars, this is commonly done with the thumb, while on double bass, the edge of the hand or index finger may be used. Popping refers to pulling the string away from the fretboard and quickly releasing it so it snaps back against the fretboard. On bass guitar, the two techniques are commonly used together in alternation, though either may be used separately.
Stanisław Żmijan
Stanisław Żmijan (born 13 December  1956) is a Polish politician. He was elected to the Sejm on 25 September 2005, getting 7708 votes in 7 Chełm district as a candidate from the Civic Platform list.

He was a member of the Sejm from 2001 to 2019. In 2021, he was named head of the Civic Platform in Lublin Voivodeship.

Lublin Voivodeship
Lublin Voivodeship (Polish: województwo lubelskie [vɔjɛˈvut͡stfɔ luˈbɛlskʲɛ] ⓘ) is a voivodeship (province) of Poland, located in the southeastern part of the country, with its capital being the city of Lublin.

The region is named after its largest city and regional capital, Lublin, and its territory is made of four historical lands: the western and central part of the voivodeship, with Lublin itself, belongs to Lesser Poland, the eastern part of Lublin Area belongs to Cherven Cities/Red Ruthenia, and the northeast belongs to Polesie and Podlasie.
Lublin Voivodeship borders Subcarpathian Voivodeship to the south, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship to the south-west, Masovian Voivodeship to the west and north, Podlaskie Voivodeship along a short boundary to the north, Belarus (Brest Region) and Ukraine (Lviv and Volyn Regions) to the east. The region's population as of 2024 was 1,996,440. It covers an area of 25,155 square kilometres (9,712 sq mi).
Gottschalk Eduard Guhrauer
Gottschalk Eduard Guhrauer (15 May 1809 – 5 January 1854) was a German philologist and biographer. He is known principally for his 1842 biography of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz and his completion (1853) of Theodor Wilhelm Danzel's biography of Lessing, G. E. Lessing, sein Leben und seine Werke (1850–53, 2 volumes).

He was born in Bojanowo (then in Grand Duchy of Warsaw, now in Poland) and died in Breslau (now Wrocław, Poland).

He studied philology and philosophy in Breslau and Berlin. Under the influence of the English missionary William Ayerst, Guhrauer converted from Judaism to Christianity in 1835.  He traveled to Hanover in 1836 and Paris in 1838 to research Leibniz's biography and works. After his return to Germany, he worked as a librarian at the University of Breslau, where he became a professor in 1843. Guhrauer also wrote on Jean Bodin, Joachim Jungius, the Kurmainz (Electorate of Mainz), and the Latin poem Vaticinium Lehninense.

University of Wrocław
The University of Wrocław (Polish: Uniwersytet Wrocławski, UWr; Latin: Universitas Wratislaviensis) is a public research university in Wrocław, Poland. It is the largest institution of higher learning in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship, with over 100,000 graduates since 1945, including some 1,900 researchers, among whom many have received the highest awards for their contributions to the development of scientific scholarship.

The university was established in 1701 and reconstituted in its current form in 1945, as a direct successor to the previous German University of Breslau. Following the territorial changes of Poland's borders, academics primarily from the Jan Kazimierz University of Lwów restored the university building, which had been heavily damaged in the 1945 Battle of Breslau.
Giovanni I Chiaramonte
Giovanni I Chiaramonte (c. 1270s–1339), also known as il Vecchio (“the Elder”), was a Sicilian nobleman of the Chiaramonte family and the younger brother of Manfredi I Chiaramonte. A supporter of Frederick III of Sicily during the War of the Sicilian Vespers, he distinguished himself in the defence of Syracuse (1298–99) and Palermo (1325), and in 1307 began construction of the fortified Palazzo Chiaramonte-Steri, establishing the family’s seat and power base in the capital.

Antonino Salinas Regional Archaeological Museum
The Antonino Salinas Regional Archeological Museum (Italian: Museo Archeologico Regionale Antonino Salinas) is a museum in Palermo, Italy. It possesses one of the richest collections of Punic and Ancient Greek art in Italy, as well as many items related to the history of Sicily. Formerly the property of the Oratory of Saint Philip Neri, the museum is named after Antonino Salinas, an archaeologist and numismatist from Palermo, who had served as its director from 1873 until his death in 1914, upon which he left it his major private collection. It is part of the Olivella monumental complex, which includes the Church of Sant'Ignazio all'Olivella and the adjoining Oratory.
2022 WISE Power 400
The 2022 WISE Power 400 was the second stock car race of the 2022 NASCAR Cup Series and the 25th running of the event. The race was held on Sunday, in Fontana, California, at Auto Club Speedway, a 2 miles (3.2 km) permanent D-shaped oval racetrack. The race took the scheduled 200 laps to complete. At race's end, Kyle Larson, driving for Hendrick Motorsports, would win a drama-filled race after a controversial block on teammate Chase Elliott within the closing laps of the race had put Elliott in the wall. Larson would defend the field on the final restart to win his 17th career NASCAR Cup Series race and his first of the season. To fill out the top 3, Austin Dillon of Richard Childress Racing and Erik Jones of Petty GMS Motorsports would finish second and third, respectively.

GMS Racing
GMS Racing was an American professional stock car racing team that competed in the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series, ARCA Menards Series and the NASCAR Xfinity Series.

GMS Racing previously competed in the NASCAR Xfinity Series from 2016 to 2019 and in the ARCA Menards Series from 2011 to 2015 and again from 2019 to 2022. The team had a driver development program, Drivers Edge Development, operated in conjunction with JR Motorsports.

Owner Maurice J. Gallagher Jr. is the chairman and CEO of Allegiant Travel Company, which intermittently sponsored the team through its Allegiant Air brand.

On August 23, 2023, the team announced that it would cease operations at the end of the 2023 racing season, along with GMS Fabrication, a separate entity affiliated with the team.
Aura Hydroelectric Power Station
Aura Power Station (Norwegian: Aura kraftverk) is a hydroelectric power station located in Sunndal Municipality in Møre og Romsdal, Norway. It operates at an installed capacity of 290 megawatts (390,000 hp), with an average annual production of 1,776 gigawatt-hours (6,390 TJ).

Joule
The joule (/dʒuːl/ JOOL, or /dʒaʊl/ JOWL; symbol: J) is the unit of energy in the International System of Units (SI). In terms of SI base units, one joule corresponds to one kilogram-metre squared per second squared (1 J = 1 kg⋅m2⋅s−2). One joule is equal to the amount of work done when a force of one newton displaces a body through a distance of one metre in the direction of that force. It is also the energy dissipated as heat when an electric current of one ampere passes through a resistance of one ohm for one second. It is named after the English physicist James Prescott Joule (1818–1889).
Valkenburg
Valkenburg means falcon castle in Dutch and can refer to:

Valkenburg aan de Geul, a town and municipality in the province of Limburg
Valkenburg Castle, ruined castle near Valkenburg aan de Geul

Valkenburg, South Holland, a village in the municipality of Katwijk in the province of South Holland

Valkenburg Naval Air Base, a former Royal Netherlands Navy air base

Valkenburg (surname), a Dutch surname

Valkenburg Naval Air Base
Valkenburg Naval Air Base (Dutch: Vliegkamp Valkenburg) (IATA: LID, ICAO: EHVB) is a former air base located just south of Valkenburg, which is part of Katwijk and close to the city of Leiden, that was used by the Netherlands Naval Aviation Service until 2006, being their base for the Lockheed P-3 Orion aircraft. The Orions were sold to the German naval air arm and the Portuguese air force, resulting in the closure of the air base.

Though officially closed as an airport, it still sees limited use for special events and by gliders and occasionally small piston aircraft, most from the local flying club Aeroclub Valkenburg. Current plans are to use the area for housing development, but part of the former air base may remain in use for glider flying.
Dispersive prism
In optics, a dispersive prism is an optical prism that is used to disperse light, that is, to separate light into its spectral components (the colors of the rainbow). Different wavelengths (colors) of light will be deflected by the prism at different angles. This is a result of the prism material's index of refraction varying with wavelength (dispersion). Generally, longer wavelengths (red) undergo a smaller deviation than shorter wavelengths (blue). The dispersion of white light into colors by a prism led Sir Isaac Newton to conclude that white light consisted of a mixture of different colors.

Triangular prisms are the most common type of dispersive prism. Other types of dispersive prism exist that have more than two optical interfaces; some of them combine refraction with total internal reflection.

Crown glass (optics)
Crown glass is a type of optical glass used in lenses and other optical components. It has relatively low refractive index (≈1.52) and low dispersion (with Abbe numbers between 50 and 85). Crown glass is produced from alkali-lime silicates containing approximately 10% potassium oxide and is one of the earliest low dispersion glasses.
Tennis at the 1988 Summer Olympics – Women's doubles
The United States'	Zina Garrison and Pam Shriver defeated Czechoslovakia's Jana Novotná and Helena Suková in the final, 4–6, 6–2, 10–8 to win the gold medal in Women's Doubles tennis at the 1988 Summer Olympics. Australia's Elizabeth Smylie and Wendy Turnbull and West Germany's Steffi Graf and Claudia Kohde-Kilsch won the bronze medals.

The tournament was held at the Seoul Olympic Park Tennis Center in Seoul, South Korea. Tennis was officially re-introduced as an official sport in the 1988 Summer Olympics, after being held as a demonstration sport in the 1968 Summer Olympics and 1984 Summer Olympics. It was discontinued from being an official sport after the 1924 Summer Olympics before its re-introduction. There were 28 competitors (14 teams) from 14 countries.

Elizabeth Smylie
Elizabeth Smylie (née Sayers, born 11 April 1963), sometimes known as Liz Smylie, is an Australian sports broadcaster and retired professional tennis player. During her career, she won four Grand Slam titles, one in women's doubles and three in mixed doubles. She also won three singles titles and 36 doubles titles on the tour. Liz also taught junior tennis players at Smith's Tennis Center, North Curl Curl. Sydney in the early 1990s.

Smylie transitioned into television commentary after 1997 following her playing career, working for the Nine Network on Wimbledon and the US Open and the Seven Network. For Seven she was notably the lead commentator for the famous 2003 Australian Open Women's Final between sisters Serena Williams and Venus Williams where Serena was trying to complete the career Grand Slam, which was specially held at night and watched by more than 2 million viewers in the five main capital cities in Australia.
1999 AAPT Championships – Doubles
Joshua Eagle and Andrew Florent were the defending champions, but did not participate together this year.  Eagle partnered Patrick Rafter, losing in the quarterfinals.  Florent partnered Andrew Kratzmann, losing in the first round.

Gustavo Kuerten and Nicolás Lapentti won the title, defeating Jim Courier and Patrick Galbraith 6–4, 6–4 in the final.

Joshua Eagle
Joshua Eagle (born 10 May 1973) is a former professional male tennis player and current professional tennis coach from Australia.

In January 2013 he was appointed as the Australian Davis Cup coach, having previously won Tennis Australia's elite coaching excellence award in 2012 for helping Australian Marinko Matosevic break into the top 50 from outside 200. He was born in Toowoomba, Queensland and now lives in Noosa, Queensland. He stands at 1.83 m and weighs 90 kg, and is classified as a doubles specialist. Eagle has won five ATP doubles titles.

Eagle is married to former professional tennis player Barbara Schett. They have a son who was born in 2009.
Science and technology in Flanders
Science and technology in Flanders, being the Flemish Community  and more specifically the northern region of Belgium (Europe), is well developed with the presence of several universities and research institutes. These are strongly spread over all Flemish cities, from Kortrijk and Bruges in the Western side, over Ghent as a major university center alongside Antwerp, Brussels and Leuven to Hasselt and Diepenbeek in the Eastern side.

Hogeschool-Universiteit Brussel
Hogeschool-Universiteit Brussel (HUBrussel or HUB) was a Dutch language university founded in 2007. HUBrussel was the result of a merger between Brussels-based colleges European University College Brussels, Vlekho, HONIM and Catholic University of Brussels (KUBrussel).

HUBrussel offered degrees both at university and college level for the Flemish Community of Belgium. Degrees were offered both in Dutch and in English.

From 2013 on, university level degrees were organised by KU Leuven. Professional bachelor's degrees remained at HUB till HUB itself merged with the Katholieke Hogeschool Sint-Lieven in 2014 and became Odisee.
Sunalta, Calgary
Sunalta is a residential neighbourhood in the southwest quadrant of Calgary, Alberta.

It is located in the inner city, southwest of downtown Calgary, south of the Bow River, and both east and north of the community of Scarboro. It contains a balanced mix of single-family detached home, condominium and apartment buildings.

It is represented in the Calgary City Council by Ward 8 councilor Nathaniel Schmidt, on a provincial level by Calgary-Currie MLA Janet Eremenko, and at federal level by Calgary Centre MP Greg McLean.

The community was established in 1910 on land annexed to the city of Calgary in 1907 and previously owned by the Canadian Pacific Railway. The community has an area redevelopment plan in place.

Sunalta has C-Train service through the Sunalta LRT Station.

CTrain
CTrain (previously branded C-Train) is a light rail  system in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. The system is operated by Calgary Transit as part of the Calgary municipal government's transportation department, and currently consists of two lines; the Red Line and the Blue Line.

The CTrain began operation on May 25, 1981, and has expanded as the city has increased in population. In 2024, the system had a ridership of 94,097,200, or about 279,200 per weekday as of the third quarter of 2025, making it one of the busiest light rail transit systems in North America. Approximately 45% of workers in Downtown Calgary take the CTrain to work.
Jonathan Myles-Lea
Jonathan Myles-Lea (23 January 1969 – 25 August 2021) was an English painter of country houses, historic buildings, and landscapes, typically taking the form of aerial views. Clients have included Charles, Prince of Wales; and the National Trust of Great Britain.

Marylebone
Marylebone (usually /ˈmɑːrlɪbən/ MAR-lib-ən, also /ˈmærɪ(lə)bən/ MARR-il-ə-bən, MARR-ib-ən) is an area in London, England, and is located in the City of Westminster. It is in Central London and part of the West End. Oxford Street forms its southern boundary.

An ancient parish and latterly a metropolitan borough, it merged with the boroughs of Westminster and Paddington to form the new City of Westminster in 1965.

Marylebone station lies two miles north-west of Charing Cross.

The area is also served by numerous tube stations: Baker Street, Bond Street, Edgware Road (Bakerloo line), Edgware Road (Circle, District and Hammersmith & City lines), Great Portland Street, Marble Arch, Marylebone, Oxford Circus, and Regent's Park.
History of Mordovian sport
Saransk is one of the major sport centers in Volga region because of the conditions made for the development of amateur and professional sports. In the city there are such large sport facilities as the Republican Sports Palace, the Ice Palace, the Sport Complex "Mordovia", Leonid Arkaev Sports Center, sport and health clubs, as well as gyms. In Mordovia there is a great number of sports schools, training  outstanding athletes. Mordovia is famous also for Olympic champions such as Aleksey Mishin (wrestler), Denis Nizhegorodov, Valeriy Borchin, Olga Kaniskina and many world and Russian champions in various sports.

Saransk
Saransk (UK: /səˈrænsk/, US: /sɑːˈrɑːnsk/) is the capital city of Mordovia, Russia, as well as its financial and economic centre. It is located in the Volga basin at the confluence of the Saranka and Insar Rivers, about 630 kilometers (390 mi) east of Moscow. Saransk was one of the host cities of the official tournament of the 2018 FIFA World Cup.
Nydri
Nydri (Greek: Νυδρί) is a town and a community on the eastern coast of the island of Lefkada, Greece. It is part of the municipal unit Ellomenos. The community includes the small village Rachi. The Greek National Road 42 (Vasiliki - Lefkada (city) - Amfilochia) passes through the town. Nydri is a popular tourist town. In the sea in front of Nydri are several small islands including Madouri, Skorpios, Skorpidi and Sparti. The island Skorpios is the property of the Ribolovlev family.

The German archaeologist Wilhelm Dörpfeld, having examined the geographical descriptions of Homer in the Iliad and the Odyssey believed  that Lefkada was Homer's Ithaca, and that the palace of Odysseus was located west of Nydri on the south coast of Lefkada. He performed extensive excavations at Nydri and uncovered Mycenaean tombs, walls, ruins and artefacts which supported his hypothesis. Dörpfeld spent the last years of his life at Nydri and he is buried there.

Skorpios
Skorpios or Scorpios (Greek: Σκορπιός, pronounced [skorˈpços]) is a private island in the Ionian Sea off the western coast of Greece and just to the east of the island of Lefkada. The 2011 census reported a population of five inhabitants. Administratively it is part of the municipality of Meganisi in Lefkada regional unit.
Eastern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference
The Eastern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference was a conference of historically Black colleges and universities (HBCU's) that participated in the NAIA's Division I, with member institutions in Florida, North Carolina, and South Carolina. It was founded in 1983 by several members of the defunct Southeastern Athletic Conference.

The EIAC disbanded in 2005. Barber-Scotia lost its accreditation and can no longer field athletics teams, while former members Benedict and Claflin moved up to the NCAA's Division II. The remaining members currently compete as NAIA independents.

HBCU Athletic Conference
The HBCU Athletic Conference (HBCUAC), formerly known as the Gulf Coast Athletic Conference, is a college athletic conference made up entirely of historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs) that is affiliated with the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA). Member institutions are located in the states of Alabama, Arkansas,  Louisiana, Mississippi, Ohio, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Texas as well as the U.S. territory of the U.S. Virgin Islands.