hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Passang Tshering
Passang Tshering (born 16 July 1983) is a Bhutanese former footballer, current coach. Passang played as a forward for Transport United, Druk Star and Thimphu City.

In 2007, he won the title of A-Division top-scorer. On 4 August 2007, Passang Tshering could go down in the history of football for three reasons: scoring a hat-trick within three minutes, scoring nine goals in the second half (45 minutes), and scoring the most goals in a single game, 17.  “I didn’t expect to score 17", Passang Tshering told Kuensel. "But there is no reason to celebrate or feel great because we played against a weak team.” Asked if Passang Tshering's record would be recognised, coordinator Dinesh Chhetri said that it was just a national league and would be difficult for regional or international football governing to recognize it. “Besides his team mates planned him to score the goals to make him the highest goal scorer”, said Dinesh.

Druk Stars FC
Druk Stars Football Club, sometimes referred to as Druk Star, was a Bhutanese football club from Thimphu. The team have won the national championship twice and competed in the A-Division from 2002, when they won their first title, through to 2010, having won a second title in 2009. They were absent from the A-Division in 2011, but played and won the 2012 B-Division. Returning to the top flight, they qualified for the National League for the first time in 2014. In addition to their two A-Division and one B-Division title, they have also represented Bhutan in the AFC President's Cup in 2010.

After the 2020 season, the club was dissolved following the decision of the Bhutan Football Federation to impose a lifetime ban on the club owner for match fixing during the 2020 season.
Alexander Square
Alexander Square is a garden square in London's Chelsea district, SW3. The communal garden at the centre of the development is 0.1226 hectares (0.303 acres) in size.

In 1826 John Alexander, the inheritor of the Thurlow Estate as a descendant of the first husband of Anna Maria Browne, drew up plans to for a speculative development with the builder James Bonnin. Alexander Square and South Street, Alfred Place, North Terrace, Alexander Place and York Cottages were subsequently built. George Basevi became the architect of the scheme when under construction in 1829.

The average price of a property in Alexander Square was £7.3 million in 2019.

5–12, 13–20, and 21–24 Alexander Square are listed Grade II on the National Heritage List for England.

SW postcode area
The SW (South Western) postcode area, also known as the London SW postcode area, is a group of 20 postcode districts within the London post town in England. The area comprises the South Western operational district (covering the subdivisions of postcode district SW1, plus SW2 - SW10) and the Battersea operational district (covering SW11 - SW20), and is the only area within the London post town to lie on both sides of the River Thames.

Mail for the area is sorted at the Jubilee Mail Centre in Hounslow, along with mail for the TW, KT and GU postcode areas.
Upper Pithlachascotee River Preserve
Upper Pithlachascotee River Preserve, also referred to as Upper Cotee Preserve, is a 129-acre area of protected land in Pasco County, Florida. It includes 69 acres of bottomland forest by the Pithlachascotee River and the Ryals Branch, a tributary that crosses the site. The park includes a Cypress tree believed to be between 200 and 300 years old, a specimen listed in the Historic Places of Pasco County. It was the first property purchased through the Pasco County's ELAMP program with funding from the "Penny for Pasco" sales tax. It includes sandhill habitat,  upland mixed forest and freshwater marshes. The Upper Cotee Preserve is located at 17135 Minneola Drive and includes a nature center, boardwalk and hiking trail. The area provides habitat for deer, wild turkey, gopher tortoises, barred owl, red-shouldered hawks, the Florida mouse, gopher frog, little blue heron and snowy egret.

Penny for Pasco
Penny for Pasco is a voter-approved sales tax program by Pasco County, Florida, that charges a 1% tax on all goods in Pasco County up to $5,000. The total revenue for the program is estimated to be $1.9 billion.
2012–13 Turkish Women's Volleyball Cup
The 2012–13 Teledünya Turkish Women's Volleyball Cup (Turkish: 2012-2013 Teledünya Türkiye Bayanlar Voleybol Kupası) was the 15th edition of Turkish Women's Volleyball Cup. It was held between October 6, 2012 and February 24, 2013. Vakıfbank won the cup defeating the title defender Eczacıbaşı VitrA with 3-0 in the final, and captured the title for the first time again after 15 years.

VakıfBank S.K.
VakıfBank Sports Club (Turkish: VakıfBank Spor Kulübü) is a Turkish professional volleyball club based in Istanbul, Turkey. Founded in 1986, VakıfBank SK is currently one of the best women's volleyball teams in the world, having won the FIVB Volleyball Women's Club World Championship a record four times and the European Champions League six times to date.

From 23 October 2012 to 22 January 2014, the team held a 73-game winning streak in all official domestic and international competitions, which was acknowledged as a world record by Guinness World Records. The club won all 52 official games played during the 2012–13 season and all 51 official games played in 2013. VakıfBank collected all five championship trophies unbeaten in the 2012–13 season, being the only club in volleyball history to have achieved this unparalleled feat.
Moscow University for the Humanities
Moscow University for the Humanities (Russian: Московский гуманитарный университет - МосГУ) is an accredited privately operated institution for higher education located in Moscow, Russia.  It is a member of the International Association of Universities.

The university has six faculties.  It serves more than 5,000 students at a time.

The institution traces its history back to the Central Komsomol School, created by the Soviet Union in 1944.  It became the Higher Komsomol School in 1969. In 1990, it became the "Institute of Youth", and in September 1991, shortly before the end of the Soviet Union, it became an independent private school.  In 2000, it was given the status of "academy" and renamed the Moscow Humanitarian and Social Academy.  Finally, in 2003, it became a university.

Since 1994, the head of the university has been Igor Ilinskiy, who published a history of the university in 2005.

Komsomol
The All-Union Leninist Young Communist League, usually known as Komsomol, was a political youth organization in the Soviet Union. It is sometimes described as the youth division of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU), although it was officially independent and referred to as "the helper and the reserve of the CPSU".

The Komsomol in its earliest form was established in urban areas in 1918. During the early years, it was a Russian organization, known as the Russian Young Communist League, or RKSM. During 1922, with the unification of the USSR, it was reformed into an all-union agency, the youth division of the All-Union Communist Party.

It was the final stage of three youth organizations with members up to age 28, graduated at 14 from the Young Pioneers, and at nine from the Little Octobrists.
Billon (alloy)
Billon (/ˈbɪlən/) is an alloy of a precious metal (most commonly silver, but also gold) with a majority base metal content (such as copper). It is used chiefly for making coins, medals, and token coins.

The word comes from the French bille, which means 'log'.

Token coin
In numismatics, token coins or trade tokens are coin-like objects used instead of coins. The field of token coins is part of exonumia and token coins are token money. Their denomination is shown or implied by size, color or shape. They are often made of cheaper metals like copper, pewter, aluminium, brass and tin, or non-metals like bakelite, leather and porcelain.

A legal tender coin is issued by a governmental authority and is freely exchangeable for goods. A token coin has a narrower utility and is issued by a private entity. In many instances, token coins have become obsolete due to the use of cash, payment cards, stored value cards or other electronic transactions.
Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute
The Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute (abbr.  KhPI, officially titled National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute", Ukrainian: Національний технічний університет «Харківський політехнічний інститут», abbr.  НТУ "ХПІ") is a public technical university in Kharkiv, Ukraine.

Founded in 1885, it is the second-oldest technical university in the former Russian Empire (after Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology). Also it is the second-oldest technical university in the modern Ukraine territory (after Lviv Polytechnic).

Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology
Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University) (Russian: Санкт-Петербургский Государственный Технологический Институт (Технический Университет)) was founded in 1828. It is one of the oldest institutions of higher education in Russia, and currently trains around 5,000 students.
The Funkees
The Funkees were a Nigerian afro-rock group formed in the late 1960s. They moved to London in 1973 and quickly gained prominence in the expatriate West African and West Indian music scene, but fragmented four years later. They specialized in funky, upbeat, highly danceable afro-rock that often featured lyrics sung in Igbo, as well as English. Originating as an army band after the Nigerian Civil War, they contributed to the outpouring of upbeat music produced by young people in Nigeria in response to the darkness of the recently concluded civil conflict. In 2012, Soundway Records reissued a compilation of their recordings from the mid-1970s, leading to a resurgence of interest in the band. Percussionist Sunny Akpan later went on to play with experimental dub musicians' collective, African Head Charge.

Igbo language
Igbo (English: /ˈiːboʊ/ EE-boh, US also /ˈɪɡboʊ/ IG-boh; Standard Igbo: Ásụ̀sụ́ Ìgbò [ásʊ̀sʊ̀ ìɡ͡bò] ⓘ) is the principal native language of the Igbo people, an ethnicity in the Southeastern part of Nigeria.

Igbo languages are spoken by a total of 31 million people. The number of Igboid languages depends on how one classifies a language versus a dialect, so there could be around 35 different Igbo languages. The core Igbo cluster, or Igbo proper, is generally thought to be one language but there is limited mutual intelligibility between the different groupings (north, west, south and east). A standard literary language termed 'Igbo izugbe' (meaning "general igbo") was generically developed and later adopted around 1972, with its core foundation based on the Orlu (Isu dialects), Anambra (Awka dialects) and Umuahia (Ohuhu dialects), omitting the nasalization and aspiration of those varieties.
Zanhuang County
Zanhuang County (simplified Chinese: 赞皇县; traditional Chinese: 贊皇縣; pinyin: Zànhuáng Xiàn; lit. 'Praising Emperor') is a county in the southwestern Hebei Province, North China, bordering Shanxi province to the west. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Shijiazhuang, the provincial capital.

County (China)
Counties (县) are found in the third level of the administrative hierarchy in provinces and autonomous regions and the second level in municipalities and Hainan, a level that is known as "county level" and also contains autonomous counties, county-level cities, banners, autonomous banners and city districts. There are 1,355 counties in mainland China out of a total of 2,851 county-level divisions.

The term xian is sometimes translated as "district" or "prefecture" when put in the context of Chinese history.
Pothavaram
Pothavaram is a village in Nallajerla Mandal, West Godavari district  in Andhra Pradesh, India. Tadepalligudem is around 30 km from here. The nearest railway station is Badampudi(BPY) located at a distance of 21.01 km.

West Godavari district
West Godavari district is a coastal district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh with an administrative headquarters in Bhimavaram. It is bounded by the Krishna district and Bay of Bengal to the south, East Godavari district to the east, and Eluru district, Kolleru Lake and Upputeru Drain to the northwest.
Garry Spry
Garry Howard Spry (born 9 May 1939) is a former Australian politician. He was the Liberal member for Bellarine in the Victorian Legislative Assembly from 1992 to 2002.

Spry was born in Gawler, South Australia, to Frank Spry and Joyce Dawkins. He attended primary school in the Gawler area and later at Tallageira West in Victoria. He attended Geelong Grammar School from 1947 to 1957 before managing the family grazing property from 1958 to 1970. In 1970 he became a shearer and heavy plant operator, before becoming a fencing contractor in 1972 and a real estate salesman in 1981. In 1984 he founded his own company, Spryline, of which he became director. He was also a Queenscliffe Borough Councillor from 1974 to 1980, and president of the Queenscliff branch of the Liberal Party from 1973 to 1975.

In 1992, Spry was elected as the Liberal member for Bellarine in the Victorian Parliament. He sat in parliament as a backbencher until his retirement in 2002.

Queenscliff, Victoria
Queenscliff is a town at the south-eastern end of the Bellarine Peninsula in southern Victoria, Australia. It lies south of Swan Bay at the entrance to Port Phillip.  It is the administrative centre for the Borough of Queenscliffe.  At the 2021 census, Queenscliff had a population of 1,516.

Queenscliff is a seaside resort known for its Victorian era heritage and tourist industry and as one of the endpoints of the Searoad ferry to Sorrento on the Mornington Peninsula.
Jayant Patil
Jayant Rajaram Patil (born 16 February 1962) is an Indian politician from the state of Maharashtra. He has been representing Islampur (Vidhan Sabha constituency) in the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly for more than three decades. He was the Cabinet minister of the Water Resources Department in Uddhav Thackeray ministry. Earlier, he served as the Rural Development Minister (2009 to 2014), the Finance Minister (1999 to 2008) and the Home Minister (2008 to 2009) of Maharashtra.

Islampur, Maharashtra Assembly constituency
Islampur Assembly constituency is one of the 288 constituencies of Maharashtra Legislative Assembly, in India. It came into existence when assembly seat boundaries were redrawn in 2008, and it includes much of the area which was under a seat named Walva. It is a segment of Hatkanangle (Lok Sabha constituency). There is a vidhan sabha segment named Islampur in  West Bengal as well.
SPINE (molecular biology)
SPINE stands for strep–protein interaction experiment. SPINE is a powerful tool to detect protein–protein interactions in vivo. The bait protein has to be expressed with a Strep-tag under the conditions when the potential interaction partners are presumably present in the cells. The addition of formaldehyde links the bait  protein to its potential interaction partners. The bait protein together with its potential interaction partners can then be isolated using a Strep-Tactin Sepharose column. The cross-links between the bait protein and the potential interaction partner can be  cleaved by heating the samples in Laemmli buffer. Finally, the co-purified interaction partner can be separated by SDS PAGE and identified by mass spectrometry.

Strep-tag
The Strep-tag system is a method which allows the purification and detection of proteins by affinity chromatography. The Strep-tag II is a synthetic peptide consisting of eight amino acids (Trp-Ser-His-Pro-Gln-Phe-Glu-Lys). This peptide sequence exhibits intrinsic affinity towards Strep-Tactin, a specifically engineered streptavidin, and can be N- or C- terminally fused to recombinant proteins. By exploiting the highly specific interaction, Strep-tagged proteins can be isolated in one step from crude cell lysates. Because the Strep-tag elutes under gentle, physiological conditions, it is especially suited for the generation of functional proteins.

Strep-tag, Twin-Strep-tag and Strep-Tactin are registered trademarks of IBA Lifesciences GmbH.
Alan Hastings
Alan Matthew Hastings is a mathematical ecologist and distinguished professor in the Department of Environmental Science and Policy at the University of California, Davis. In 2005 he became a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and in 2006 he won the Robert H. MacArthur Award.

In 2008, he founded the journal Theoretical Ecology, in which he currently holds the position of editor in chief. Formerly, he was co-editor in chief of the Journal of Mathematical Biology. His research expands through many areas in theoretical ecology including spatial ecology, biological invasions, structured populations, and model fitting.

Ecological Society of America
The Ecological Society of America (ESA) is a professional organization of ecological scientists. Based in the United States and founded in 1915, ESA publications include peer-reviewed journals, newsletters, fact sheets, and teaching resources. It holds an annual meeting at different locations in the USA and Canada. In addition to its publications and annual meeting, ESA is engaged in public policy, science, education, and diversity issues.

ESA's 9,000 members are researchers, educators, natural resource managers, and students in over 90 countries. Members work on a wide range of topics, from agroecology to marine diversity, and explore the relationships between organisms and their past, present, and future environments. As of June 2023 the society has 32 topical sections, six regional chapters, and ten committees.
Landmarks of the Nebraska Territory
Landmarks of the Nebraska Territory were important to settlers on the Oregon, California and Mormon trails. While the majority of the landmarks were close to the Platte River, others were spread across the state.

Landmark
A landmark is a recognizable natural or artificial feature used for navigation, a feature that stands out from its near environment and is often visible from long distances.

In modern-day use, the term can also be applied to smaller structures or features that have become local or national symbols.
The Chest of Silver
"The Chest of Silver" is a short story by E. W. Hornung, and features the gentleman thief A. J. Raffles, and his companion and biographer, Bunny Manders. The story was published in January 1905 by Collier's Weekly in New York, and in February 1905 by Pall Mall Magazine in London. It was also included as the second story in the collection A Thief in the Night, published by Chatto & Windus in London, and Charles Scribner's Sons in New York, both in 1905.

Chatto & Windus
Chatto & Windus is an imprint of Penguin Random House that was formerly an independent book publishing company founded in London in 1855 by John Camden Hotten. Following Hotten's death, the firm reorganized under the names of his business partner Andrew Chatto and poet William Edward Windus. The company was purchased by Random House in 1987 and is now a sub-imprint of Vintage Books within the Penguin UK division.
Adson's sign
Adson's sign is the loss of the radial pulse in the arm by rotating head to the ipsilateral side with extended neck following deep inspiration.

It is sometimes used as a sign of thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS).
It is named after Alfred Washington Adson.

Pulse
In medicine, pulse is the rhythmic expansion and contraction of an artery in response to the cardiac cycle (heartbeat). The pulse may be felt (palpated) in any place that allows an artery to be compressed near the surface of the body, such as at the neck (carotid artery), wrist (radial artery or ulnar artery), at the groin (femoral artery), behind the knee (popliteal artery), near the ankle joint (posterior tibial artery), and on foot (dorsalis pedis artery). The pulse is most commonly measured at the wrist or neck for adults and at the brachial artery (inner upper arm between the shoulder and elbow) for infants and very young children. A sphygmograph is an instrument for measuring the pulse.
Eilema longpala
Eilema longpala is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It is found on Borneo. The habitat consists of alluvial forests and dry heath forests.

The length of the forewings is 13–14 mm. Adults are dull, pale orange in colour.

Arctiinae
The Arctiinae (formerly called the family Arctiidae) are a large and diverse subfamily of moths with around 11,000 species found all over the world, including 6,000 neotropical species. This subfamily includes the groups commonly known as tiger moths (or tigers), which usually have bright colours, footmen, which are usually much drabber, lichen moths, and wasp moths. Many species have "hairy" caterpillars that are popularly known as woolly bears or woolly worms. The scientific name Arctiinae refers to this hairiness (Gk. αρκτος = a bear). Some species within the Arctiinae have the word "tussock"' in their common names because they have been misidentified as members of the Lymantriinae subfamily based on the characteristics of the larvae.
Troparil
Troparil (also known as (–)-2β-Carbomethoxy-3β-phenyltropane, WIN 35,065-2, or β-CPT) is a stimulant drug used in scientific research. Troparil is a phenyltropane-based dopamine reuptake inhibitor (DRI) that is derived from methylecgonidine. Troparil is a few times more potent than cocaine as a dopamine reuptake inhibitor, but is less potent as a serotonin reuptake inhibitor, and has a duration spanning a few times longer, since the phenyl ring is directly connected to the tropane ring through a non-hydrolyzable carbon-carbon bond. The lack of an ester linkage removes the local anesthetic action from the drug, so troparil is a pure stimulant. This change in activity also makes troparil slightly less cardiotoxic than cocaine. The most commonly used form of troparil is the tartrate salt, but the hydrochloride and naphthalenedisulfonate salts are also available, as well as the free base.

Armstrong acid
Armstrong acid (naphthalene-1,5-disulfonic acid) is a fluorescent organic compound with the formula C10H6(SO3H)2.  It is one of several isomers of naphthalenedisulfonic acid. It a colorless solid, typically obtained as the tetrahydrate. Like other sulfonic acids, it is a strong acid.  It is named for British chemist Henry Edward Armstrong.
Swissôtel Berlin
52°30′11.85″N 13°19′54.12″E﻿ / ﻿52.5032917°N 13.3317000°E﻿ / 52.5032917; 13.3317000

The Swissôtel Berlin was a luxury hotel in Berlin, Germany. The hotel overlooked the crossing of the Kurfürstendamm shopping avenue with Joachimstaler Straße, in the city's Charlottenburg quarter. Both the Zoo railway station and Kurfürstendamm U-Bahn station were nearby. As well as hotel and conference facilities, the hotel included Restaurant 44, which features Swiss cuisine and overlooks the Kurfürstendamm, as well as the Palermo bar and the Grande Gallerie cafe.

The hotel won two awards, the 2008 Germany's Leading Business Hotel and the 2007 Germany's Leading Conference Hotel. It was managed by Swissôtel Hotels & Resorts, which is part of the FRHI Hotels & Resorts group.

Berlin Zoologischer Garten station
Berlin Zoologischer Garten station (German: Bahnhof Berlin Zoologischer Garten, colloquially Bahnhof Zoo, German: [ˈbaːnˌhoːf ˈt͡soː] ⓘ) is a railway station in Berlin, Germany. It is located on the Berlin Stadtbahn railway line in the Charlottenburg district, adjacent to the Berlin Zoo.

During the division of the city, the station was the central transport facility of West Berlin, and thereafter for the western central area of reunified Berlin until the opening of Berlin Hauptbahnhof in 2006. It is also an interchange with the U-Bahn and the S-Bahn, which uses the Stadtbahn viaduct along with RegionalExpress and RegionalBahn trains. This station is open 24/7.