hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Panchkanya Rural Municipality
Panchkanya is a Rural Municipality and formed by merging 5 Village development committee i.e. Chaughada, Kabilash, Panchakanya, Thaprek and Bhadrutar in Nuwakot District in Bagmati Province of central Nepal. Panchakanya has total 5 wards, which are scattered across 53 square kilometers of geographical area. According to 2011 census Nepal Census conducted by Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Panchakanya Rural Municipality had total population of 15,945.

Bagmati Province
Bagmati Province (Nepali: बागमती प्रदेश, Bāgmatī pradēśa) is one of the seven provinces of Nepal established by the constitution of Nepal. Bagmati is Nepal's foremost populous province and fifth largest province by area. It is bordered by Tibet Autonomous Region of China to the north, Gandaki Province to the west, Koshi Province to the east, Madhesh Province and the Indian state of Bihar to the south. With Hetauda as its provincial headquarters, the province is also the home to the country's capital Kathmandu, is mostly hilly and mountainous, and hosts mountain peaks including Gaurishankar, Langtang, Jugal, and Ganesh.

Being the most populous province of Nepal, it possesses rich cultural diversity with resident communities and castes including Thami (Thangmi), Newar, Tamang, Sherpa, Tharu, Chepang, Jirel, Brahmin, Chhetri, and more. It hosted the highest number of voters in the 2017 election for the House of Representatives and Provincial Assembly.
Des terroristes à la retraite
Des terroristes à la retraite (Terrorists in retirement) is a 1985 French documentary film about the FTP-MOI, a sub-group of the Francs-tireurs et partisans (FTP) organization, a component of the French Resistance during the German military administration in occupied France during World War II. It was written and directed by Mosco Boucault.

The film premiered at the Cannes Film Festival in 1983 and provoked a heated controversy in France which resulted in the film not being broadcast on French television until 1985. The controversy was primarily caused by the film’s thesis that the capture and execution by the Gestapo of members of the FTP-MOIs Manouchian group (groupe Manouchian), including the group's leader Missak Manouchian, was facilitated by the leadership of the French Communist Party.

Simone Signoret
Simone Signoret (French: [simɔn siɲɔʁɛ]; born Simone Henriette Charlotte Kaminker; 25 March 1921 – 30 September 1985) was a  French actress. She received various accolades, including an Academy Award, three BAFTA Awards, a César Award, a Primetime Emmy Award, and the Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress, in addition to nominations for two Golden Globe Awards.
George Albert Watts
George Albert Watts JP (16 December 1885 – 25 January 1957) was a British justice of the peace, councillor and the mayor of the Metropolitan Borough of St Pancras, London, from 1938 to 1939. He was born in Finsbury, Clerkenwell, the son of George and Caroline Watts. He is buried in Southgate Cemetery along with his wife, Pamela Jane Watts (died 23, May 1948) and their daughter Joyce Evelyn Potter (died 11 May 1989).

Finsbury
Finsbury is a district of North-Central London, forming the southeastern part of the London Borough of Islington. It borders the City of London.

The Manor of Finsbury is first recorded as Vinisbir (1231) and means "manor of a man called Finn". Finsbury lay just outside Cripplegate (and on its later construction, Moorgate) in London Wall. At that time, much of the manor was part of the "great fen which washed against the northern wall of the City".

Finsbury gave its name to two larger administrative areas: the Finsbury Division of the Ossulstone Hundred of Middlesex, from the 17th century until 1900, and from 1900 to 1965 the Metropolitan Borough of Finsbury. The Metropolitan Borough included Finsbury (also known as St Luke's) and Clerkenwell.

The area should not be confused with Finsbury Park, a public space roughly 3 miles (5 km) to the north, which gives its name to its surrounding mainly residential area.
Shepherds Arise
Shepherds Arise! Be Not Afraid, often known simply as Shepherds Arise, is a Christmas carol first recorded in a 19th-century manuscript from the parish of Winterborne Zelston, Dorset, England. It has Roud number 1207.

Winterborne Zelston
Winterborne Zelston is a village and civil parish in north Dorset, England. It is situated in a winterbourne valley on the A31 road eight miles (thirteen kilometres) south of Blandford Forum and 10 mi (16 km) northwest of Poole. The parish had a population of 141 in 2001. In 2013 the estimated population of the civil parish was 90.

The first name of "Winterborne" comes from the River Winterborne, which flows from west to east through the village. Zelstone is probably from the name of the Zeals family. 
The river only flows overground during the winter, hence the name. To the west is Winterborne Tomson and to the north-east is Almer. The river flows through both these villages as well.
Rewind (Devlin song)
"Rewind" is a song by English rapper Devlin, featuring vocals from Diane Birch. The song was released as a digital download on 24 January 2013 as the third single from his second studio album A Moving Picture (2013). The song was written by Devlin, Diane Birch, Richard Duffy, Thomas Barnes, Peter Kelleher, Ben Kohn, Ruth-Anne Cunningham and produced by TMS. It peaked at number 10 on the UK Singles Chart.

In the song, Devlin reflects on himself, taking on more mature and sensitive themes of loss and personal darkness. He stated to 4music, "If I could rewind and have some people that I've lost – some friends and my relatives – see me be successful and grow into a young man, I would've loved them to have been here right now."

Devlin (rapper)
James Devlin (born 7 May 1989), better known mononymously as Devlin, is an English rapper. He was signed to Island Records from 2010 to 2015. He is part of grime collective 'O.T Crew' with Dogzilla, Deeperman, M. Eye, Benson, Kozy, Syer Bars, Shotz, Meshie, Props and Daze. Devlin was a member of the Movement, consisting of himself, Wretch 32, Scorcher, Ghetts, Lightning, Mercston and DJ Unique.
Wargame (hacking)
In hacking, a wargame (or war game) is a cyber-security challenge and mind sport in which the competitors must exploit or defend a vulnerability in a system or application, and/or gain or prevent access to a computer system.

A wargame usually involves a capture the flag logic, based on pentesting, semantic URL attacks, knowledge-based authentication, password cracking, reverse engineering of software (often JavaScript, C and assembly language), code injection, SQL injections, cross-site scripting, exploits, IP address spoofing, forensics, and other hacking techniques.

Semantic URL attack
In a semantic URL attack, a client manually adjusts the parameters of its request by maintaining the URL's syntax but altering its semantic meaning. This attack is primarily used against CGI driven websites.

A similar attack involving web browser cookies is commonly referred to as cookie poisoning.
Operation Early Dawn
Operation Early Dawn is a temporary emergency measure used to alleviate prison overcrowding in the United Kingdom. Under the procedure, which was first implemented in October 2022, prisoners are held in police custody and not called to a magistrate's court hearing until a place becomes available for them in the prison system. The measure is triggered by the UK Government when prison capacity is deemed to be under pressure.

Notable examples of when the measures have been activated include May 2024, when the number of prison places fell below 300. It was also triggered on 19 August as a result of the prosecution of a large number of individuals for their roles in the riots that occurred in July and August of that year. On that occasion, the measures were put in place in the north of England and the Midlands. Jo Stevens, the Secretary of State for Wales, said that the measures would be in force for "a very short period", typically "a matter of days, or at the most months".

Jo Stevens
Joanna Meriel Stevens (born 6 September 1966) is a Welsh politician serving as Secretary of State for Wales since 2024. A member of the Labour Party, she has been a Member of Parliament (MP) since 2015, representing Cardiff East since 2024, having previously represented Cardiff Central.

Stevens previously served as Shadow Secretary of State for Wales from 2016 to 2017, and again from 2021 to 2024, and was Shadow Secretary of State for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport from 2020 to 2021.
Hans Colbjørnsen
Hans Colbjørnsen (c.1675 – 1754) was a Norwegian timber merchant and military officer.

Colbjørnsen was born at the Sørum vicarage at Romerike in Akershus, Norway. He was the son of parish priest Colbjørn Torstensen Arneberg and Catharina Kjeldsdatter Stub. He was a brother of Peder Colbjørnsen, and half brother of Anna Colbjørnsdatter. Colbjørnsen was among the wealthiest residents in Fredrikshald. He established himself as a trader in the early 1700s, where his uncle Niels Kjeldsen Stub already had significant lands. Colbjørnsen entered a partnership with his brother Peder Colbjørnsen in the timber trade.

Both he and his brother are known for the defense of Fredrikshald during the Great Northern War. Peder Colbjørnsen was chief of the civilian resistance of Fredrikshald at the battles in 1716 and 1718.  Colbjørnsen was appointed a lieutenant colonel of infantry by  Christian VI of Denmark in 1733 and promoted to colonel in 1749 by Frederick V of Denmark.

Christian VI
Christian VI (30 November 1699 – 6 August 1746) was King of Denmark and Norway from 1730 to 1746. The eldest surviving son of Frederick IV and Louise of Mecklenburg-Güstrow, he is considered one of Denmark-Norway's more anonymous kings, but he was a skilled politician, best known for his authoritarian regime. He was the first king of the Oldenburg dynasty to refrain from entering in any war. During his reign both compulsory confirmation (1736) and a public, nationwide school system (1739) were introduced. His chosen motto was  "Deo et populo" (for God and the people).
Longarm (film)
Longarm is a 1988 western television film loosely based on the Jove Books series of the same name written under the house pseudonym, "Tabor Evans".

The film, set in the Territory of New Mexico in the 1870s, stars John Terlesky as the titular Deputy United States Marshal Custis Long, and features René Auberjonois as real-life territorial governor (and author of Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ) Lew Wallace. The film was intended as a pilot for a TV series based on the books, but the program was not picked up.

The "occasionally humorous script" was written by David J. Chisholm, a "veteran Western writer".

Jove Books
Jove Books, formerly known as Pyramid Books, is an American  paperback and eBook publishing imprint, founded as an independent paperback house in 1949 by Almat Magazine Publishers (also known as Almat Publishing Corporation) (Alfred R. Plaine and Matthew Huttner).  The company was sold to the Walter Reade Organization in the late 1960s.  It was acquired in 1974 by Harcourt Brace (which became Harcourt Brace Jovanovich) which renamed it to Jove in 1977 and continued the line as an imprint.  In 1979, they sold it to The Putnam Berkley Group, which is now part of the Penguin Group.
Louis Garlick
Louis Frederick Cornu Garlick (16 September 1910 – 13 December 2002) was an Australian politician.

He was born in Mornington to storekeeper Robert Costain Garlick and Caroline Laura Cornu. He attended Dandenong High School and the University of Melbourne, where he received a Bachelor of Arts and a Bachelor of Education. He commenced work as a schoolteacher in 1927, teaching widely across rural Victoria. On 22 December 1936, he married Florence Rosa Maclean, with whom he had three children. In 1945, he was elected to the Victorian Legislative Assembly as the Labor member for Mildura. Defeated in 1947, he returned to teaching, and from 1954 to 1968 was chairman of the Victorian Teachers' Tribunal. Garlick died in Melbourne in 2002.

Bachelor of Education
A Bachelor of Education (B.Ed. or BEd) is an undergraduate academic degree which prepares students for work as a teacher in schools. A Bachelor of Education program typically lasts three to four years and combines both coursework and practical experience in educational settings. The curriculum is designed to provide foundational knowledge in pedagogy, educational psychology, teaching methodologies, and subject-specific training. Graduates of this program are equipped with the skills necessary to foster a supportive and effective learning environment for their students.
Jack George (basketball)
John Edwin George Jr. (November 13, 1928 – January 30, 1989) was an American professional basketball player in the National Basketball Association (NBA).  He was born in the Pittsburgh suburb of Swissvale, Pennsylvania.

George attended St. John's College High School in Washington, D.C. He played basketball and baseball at La Salle University in the early 1950s.  He was selected by the Philadelphia Warriors in the 1953 NBA draft and played eight seasons in the league with the Warriors and New York Knicks.  Among the highlights of his NBA career were his NBA Championship with the Warriors in 1956 and his NBA All-Star Game appearances in 1956 and 1957.  The 6'2" guard ranked within the NBA's top ten in assists per game six times throughout his career and led the league in total minutes played (2,840) in 1955–56.

1953 NBA draft
The 1953 NBA draft was the seventh annual draft of the National Basketball Association (NBA). The draft was held on April 24, 1953, before the 1953–54 season. In this draft, nine remaining NBA teams took turns selecting amateur U.S. college basketball players. In each round, the teams select in reverse order of their win–loss record in the previous season. The draft consisted of 19 rounds comprising 122 players selected.
Koovanur, Kallakurichi
Koovanur is a village in Tirukkoyilur Taluk in Kallakurichi district in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. It is about 41.7 km from the town of Kallakurichi.

Koovanur has a total population of 3,068 people per Population Census 2011. Tamilnadu Minister E. V. Velu is from Koovanur.

The Koovanur assembly constituency is part of Rishivandiyam state assembly constituency and Kallakurichi Lok Sabha constituency. Agastheeswarar Temple is an ancient temple situated in Koovanur.

Rishivandiyam Assembly constituency
Rishivandiyam is a state assembly constituency in Kallakurichi district of Tamil Nadu, India. Its State Assembly Constituency number is 78. It comprises portions of Tirukkoyilur and Sankarapuram taluks. It is part of Kallakurichi Lok Sabha constituency for national elections to the Parliament of India. It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu.
Trapeang Phong
The Trapeang Phong temple (Khmer: ប្រាសាទត្រពាំងផុង) is an early Hindu temple that was built by King Jayavarman III in the middle of the 9th century. The temple, is made of a singular brick, is 7x7 meters in size and 16 meters in height.

In 2024, Cambodia’s APSARA National Authority archelogists have started to restore parts of the temple that has been damaged under the impacts of weather conditions. The Trapeang Phong temple is among the historic temples located within Angkor Archaeological Park, which was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1992.

Jayavarman III
Very little is known about Jayavarman II's son and successor, Jayavarman III (Khmer: ជ័យវរ្ម័នទី៣), or Vishnuloka, the second ruler of Angkor.: 103 
The future Khmer king, Yasovarman I, claimed to be related to the brother of Jayavarman III's grandmother, Rudravarman.
An inscription from Prasat Sak describes: "When he failed to capture a wild elephant while hunting, a divinity promised that he would secure the animal if he built a sanctuary." There are some temples dated to his reign though none said that they belonged to him. He may have begun a small construction project which was overshadowed by his more ambitious successor and builder, Indravarman I. He died in 877 probably from chasing a wild elephant.
Hatun Usnu
Hatun Usnu (Quechua hatun big, usnu altar; a special platform for important celebrations, "big usnu", also known as Qatun Ushno de Toccto) is an archaeological site in Peru on a mountain of the same name (Jatunhosno). It is located in the Ayacucho Region, Huamanga Province, Chiara District.

Department of Ayacucho
Ayacucho (Spanish pronunciation: [aʝaˈkutʃo] ⓘ; Quechua: Ayakuchu), known as Huamanga (Quechua: Wamanqa) from its creation in 1822 until 1825, is a department of Peru. It is located in the south-central Andes of the country. The region was one of the hardest hit in the 1980s during the guerrilla war waged by Shining Path. It is administered by a regional government. Its capital is the city of Ayacucho.
Edward Thomas Foley
Edward Thomas Foley (21 December 1791 – 30 March 1846), of Stoke Edith, Herefordshire, was an English Tory (and later Conservative) politician.

He was the eldest son of Hon. Edward Foley and his wife Eliza Maria Foley Hodgetts and elder brother of John Hodgetts Hodgetts-Foley and inherited the Stoke Edith estate from his father in 1803. He was educated at Brasenose College, Oxford (1809) and appointed High Sheriff of Herefordshire for 1815–16.

Foley was one of the Members of Parliament (MP) for Ludgershall from 1826 to 1832 and for Herefordshire from 1832 to 1841.

Ludgershall (UK Parliament constituency)
Ludgershall was a parliamentary borough in Wiltshire, England, which elected two Members of Parliament (MPs) to the House of Commons from 1295 until 1832, when the borough was abolished by the Great Reform Act.

Ludgershall is a town 16 miles (26 km) north-east of Salisbury. The population was 535 in 1831.
Jakob Alešovec
Jakob Alešovec (pronounced [ˈjaːkɔp aˈleːʃɔʋəts]; 24 July 1842, Skaručna – 17 October 1901, Ljubljana) was an ethnic Slovene-Austrian writer and playwright. Until 1866, Alešovec wrote in German, but later switched to Slovenian. He wrote travelogues, tales, folk plays, and satires, as well as the first Slovenian detective story. In 1868, he published the German-language novella Laibacher Mysterien (The Mysteries of Ljubljana) inspired by Eugène Sue's Les Mystères de Paris (The Mysteries of Paris).

Carinthian Slovenes
Carinthian Slovenes or Carinthian Slovenians (Slovene: Koroški Slovenci; German: Kärntner Slowenen; Italian: Sloveni della Carinzia) are the minority of Slovene ethnicity, living within borders of the Austrian state of Carinthia, neighboring Slovenia. Their status of the minority group is guaranteed in principle by the Constitution of Austria and under international law, and have seats in the National Ethnic Groups Advisory Council.
Stenungsund Municipality
Stenungsund Municipality (Swedish: Stenungsunds kommun) is a municipality in Västra Götaland County in western Sweden. Its seat is located in the town of Stenungsund.  The municipality is situated by the sea inside the islands Orust and Tjörn and traversed by the European route E6 and Bohus Line, in which it has three stops (Stora Höga, Stenungsund and Svenshögen).

The municipality was formed through amalgamation in 1952. In 1971 a parish from a dissolved municipality was added.

The coat of arms was registered in 1977.  The device in the upper half is a hydrocarbon molecule, which alludes to the petrochemical industry in the municipality.

Västra Götaland County
Västra Götaland County  (Swedish: Västra Götalands län) is a county or län on the western coast of Sweden.

The county is the second most populous of Sweden's counties and it comprises 49 municipalities (kommuner). Its population of 1,616,000 amounts to 17% of Sweden's population. The formal capital and seat of the governor of Västra Götaland County is Gothenburg. The political capital and seat of the Västra Götaland Regional Council is Vänersborg.

The county was established on 1 January 1998, when Älvsborg County, Gothenburg and Bohus County and Skaraborg County were merged.
Vesenjak
Vesenjak is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Maša Vesenjak (born 1982), Slovenian tennis player

Slavko Vesenjak (born 1981), Slovenian lawyer

Urška Vesenjak (born 1982), Slovenian tennis player

Urška Vesenjak
Urška Vesenjak (born 12 September 1982) is a former Slovenian female tennis player.

Vesenjak has won 4 singles titles and two doubles titles on the ITF tour in her career. On 18 December 2000, she reached her best singles ranking of world number 295. On 18 December 2000, she peaked at world number 295 in the doubles rankings.

Her twin, Maša Vesenjak is also a former female tennis player.
Vesenjak made her WTA tour debut at the 2001 Morocco Open.
Axel Gadolin
Axel Vilhelmovich Gadolin (Russian: Аксель Вильгельмович Гадолин; 12 June 1828 – 15 December 1892) was a Finnish/Russian lieutenant general, and also a scientist in the field of artillery, metallurgy, mineralogy and crystallography. Gadolin was a professor at the Mikhailov Artillery Academy and the Saint Petersburg Institute of Technology, doctor of mineralogy from Saint Petersburg University, and academician of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. He was awarded the Lomonosov Prize in 1868 for his work on crystallographic point groups.

Academician
An academician is a full member of an artistic, literary, engineering, or scientific academy. In many countries, it is an honorific title used to denote a full member of an academy that has a strong influence on national scientific life.

Accordingly, within systems such as the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, the title grants privileges and administrative responsibilities for funding allocation and research priorities.
Bhujel
Bhujel are a Tibeto-Burman ethnic group now living in Nepal, India, and Bhutan. They are scattered in several districts, mostly in Tanahu and Syangja. The inhabitants living near the Bhuji Khola river called Bhujel. Bhujel are divided into four subcastes – Bhujyal, Gharti, Nisel and Khawas.

Tibeto-Burman languages
The Tibeto-Burman languages are the non-Chinese members of the Sino-Tibetan language family, over 400 of which are spoken throughout the Southeast Asian Massif ("Zomia") as well as parts of East Asia and South Asia. Around 60 million people speak Tibeto-Burman languages. The name derives from the most widely spoken of these languages, Burmese and the Tibetic languages, which also have extensive literary traditions, dating from the 12th and 7th centuries respectively. Most of the other languages are spoken by much smaller communities, and many of them have not been described in detail.

Though the division of Sino-Tibetan into Sinitic and Tibeto-Burman branches (e.g. Benedict, Matisoff) is widely used, some historical linguists criticize this classification, as the non-Sinitic Sino-Tibetan languages lack any shared innovations in phonology or morphology to show that they comprise a clade of the phylogenetic tree.
Deaths in August 2023
The following is a list of notable deaths in August 2023.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent country of citizenship (if applicable), reason for notability, cause of death (if known), and reference.

New Hampshire Senate
The New Hampshire State Senate is the upper house of the New Hampshire General Court, alongside the New Hampshire House of Representatives. The Senate has been meeting since 1784. The senate consists of 24 members representing Senate districts based on population. There are 16 Republicans and 8 Democrats currently serving in the senate.