hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bolachen
Bolachen (the stress is on the second syllable; the "e" is also sounded) is a traditional card game for 3 players that is played in parts of southern Upper Bavaria, especially in the Rupertiwinkel area of the Berchtesgaden Land, where there is a cultural influence from Salzburg, and the state of Salzburg itself. It is a Bavarian variant of the more complex, old Austrian game of Préférence. Like its Bavarian cousin, Wallachen, Bolachen is threatened by extinction.

Rupertiwinkel
The Rupertiwinkel is a small historic region on the southeastern border of Bavaria, Germany. Part of the Archbishopric of Salzburg until the early 19th century, it is named after the first Salzburg bishop Saint Rupert (c.660–710), apostle to the Duchy of Bavaria.
Battle of Arlabán (1812)
The Battle of Arlabán of 1812, also known as the Second Surprise of Arlabán, took place in the mountain pass of Arlabán, Guipúzcoa, Basque Country, near the border with France, on 9 April 1812, during the Peninsular War. A Spanish force of 3,000–3,500 men led by Francisco Espoz y Mina intercepted a great French convoy (2,000–3,000 regulars and 150 cavalry) of General of Division Caffarelli.

The attack was a success, and after one hour, the French were completely defeated. The Spanish casualties were estimated at 30 killed and wounded, and the French lost between 600 and 700 men, and 300 captured. The Spanish also rescued 800 Spanish, British and Portuguese prisoners (five officers), and captured the valuable convoy (weapons and baggage, two colours, letters from Joseph Bonaparte to Napoleon, and a great amount of jewelry, valued between 700,000 and 800,000 francs). Joseph Bonaparte's personal secretary, Jean Deslandes, was killed in this action.

Marie-François Auguste de Caffarelli du Falga
Marie-François Auguste de Caffarelli du Falga (French pronunciation: [maʁi fʁɑ̃swa oɡyst də kafaʁɛli dy falɡa]; 7 October 1766, Falga, Haute-Garonne, France – 23 January 1849, Leschelles, near Guise, Aisne) was a French général de division of Italian descent. Two of his brothers were also generals. His name is inscribed on the south side of the Arc de Triomphe.
Greet Daems
Greet Daems (born 11 September 1980) is a Belgian trade unionist, politician and member of the Chamber of Representatives. A member of the Workers' Party of Belgium, she has represented Antwerp since June 2019.

Daems was born on 11 September 1980 in Lier. She worked in the further education sector in Antwerp for 14 years, teaching Dutch to non-native speakers. She was a trade union representative for the General Union of Public Services (ACOD). She is active in the Islands of Peace (Vredeseilanden) and Hart boven Hard NGOs as well as the scouts.

Daems was elected to the municipal council in Geel at the 2018 local election. She was elected to the Chamber of Representatives at the 2019 federal election. She was re-elected at the 2024 federal election.

Daems has two daughters and lives in Geel.

Geel
Geel (Dutch pronunciation: [ɣeːl] ⓘ) is a municipality and city located in the Belgian province of Antwerp, which acquired city status in the 1980s. It comprises Central-Geel which is composed of four old parishes or towns: Sint-Amand, Sint-Dimpna, Holven and Elsum. Further on around the center are the parish-towns of Ten Aard (N), Bel (E), Winkelomheide (SE), Stelen, Oosterlo and Zammel (S), Punt (SW) and Larum (W). In 2021, Geel had a total population of 40,781. The total area is 109.85 km2 (42 sq mi). Geel’s patron saint, the Irish Saint Dymphna, inspired the town’s pioneering de-institutionalized method of care for the mentally ill.
Terence Parkin
Terence Mike Parkin (born 12 April 1980 in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe) is a swimmer from South Africa, who won the silver medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics in the 200m Breaststroke. Parkin, who was born deaf, also competed in the 2004 Summer Olympics, 2000 Sydney Paralympic Games as well as the Deaflympics in which he took home 29 gold medals.

Nicknamed the "Silent Torpedo" and the Michael Phelps of the Deaflympics, Parkin is the only deaf swimmer to be part of the FINA's elite rankings in 1999 and 2000. He holds the record for winning the greatest number of medals in Deaflympics history with a total of 33.

2000 Summer Paralympics
The 2000 Summer Paralympic Games or the XI Summer Paralympics were held in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, between 18 and 29 October. The Sydney Paralympics was the last time that the Summer Paralympics were organised by two different Organizing Committees. In this edition, a record 3,801 athletes from 123 National Paralympic Committees participated in 551 events in 18 sports. The 2000 Summer Paralympics were the second largest sporting event ever until that date held in Australia and in the Southern Hemisphere. Sydney was the eighth city to jointly host the Olympic and Paralympic Games. However, it was only the fourth to jointly organise both events in complete conjunction with the Olympics. This edition was also the first time that the Paralympics were held in Australia and Oceania.
Jamaican Maroons in Sierra Leone
The Jamaican Maroons in Sierra Leone were a group of just under 600 Jamaican Maroons from Cudjoe's Town, the largest of the five Jamaican maroon towns who were deported by the British authorities in Jamaica following the Second Maroon War in 1796, first to Nova Scotia. Four years later in 1800, they were transported to Sierra Leone.

The Sierra Leone Company had established the settlement of Freetown and the Colony of Sierra Leone in 1792 for the resettlement of the African Americans who arrived via Nova Scotia after they had been evacuated as freedmen from the United States after the American Revolutionary War. Some Jamaican Maroons eventually returned to Jamaica, but most became part of the larger Sierra Leone Creole people and culture made up of freemen and liberated slaves who joined them in the first half-century of the colony. For a long period, they dominated the government and the economy of what developed into Sierra Leone.

Sierra Leone Colony and Protectorate
The Colony and Protectorate of Sierra Leone (informally British Sierra Leone) was the British colonial administration in Sierra Leone from 1808 to 1961, part of the British Empire from the abolitionism era until the decolonisation era. The Crown colony, which included the area surrounding Freetown, was established in 1808. The protectorate was established in 1896 and included the interior of what is today known as Sierra Leone.

The motto of the colony and protectorate was Auspice Britannia liber (Latin for "Free under the protection of Britain"). This motto was included on Sierra Leone's later flag and coat of arms.
Eric Williams (motorcyclist)
Eric Williams DCM FIMI (1893-1963) was a British pioneer of motor cycle racing, motor vehicles and automated agricultural harvesting equipment. He was a two-time winner of the Isle of Man Junior TT race in 1914 and 1921 and also gave distinguished military service in First World War as a despatch rider, receiving the Distinguished Conduct Medal (DCM)  for bravery. In the Second World War he served as an advisor in Ministry of Agriculture working on mechanical production in Worcestershire. He raced professionally for AJS, NUT and Sunbeam. After his racing career he established a motor trade business, Eric Williams Ltd, in Worcester which operated between 1920 and 1960. He had a lifelong passion for racing activities, which he passed to his younger son, Henry ‘Don’ Williams, who also raced cars and motorcycles competitively.

Distinguished Conduct Medal
The Distinguished Conduct Medal (DCM) was a British military decoration instituted in 1854 by Queen Victoria to recognise gallantry in the field by other ranks of the British Army. It was the oldest British award for gallantry and served as the second highest military decoration for bravery, ranking just below the Victoria Cross. The medal remained in use until 1993, when it was discontinued and succeeded by the Conspicuous Gallantry Cross. In addition to British personnel, the medal was also awarded to non-commissioned members of the armed forces from other Commonwealth Dominions and Colonies.
2020 GT World Challenge America
The 2020 GT World Challenge America powered by AWS is the 14th season of the United States Auto Club's GT World Challenge America, the third season under ownership of the SRO Motorsports Group and the first season without Blancpain sponsorship. The season began on 7 March in Austin and will end on 4 October at Indianapolis.

Canadian Tire Motorsport Park
Canadian Tire Motorsport Park (formerly Mosport Park and Mosport International Raceway) is a multi-track motorsport venue located north of Bowmanville in Clarington, Ontario, Canada, approximately 75 kilometers (47 miles) east of Toronto. The facility features a 3.957 km (2.459 mi), 10-turn road course; a 2.9 km (1.8 mi) advance driver and race driver training facility with a 0.402 km (0.250 mi) skid pad (Driver Development Centre) and a 1.5 km (0.93 mi) kart track (Mosport Karting Centre Inc., previously "Mosport Kartways"). The name "Mosport", a portmanteau of Motor Sport, came from the enterprise formed to build the track.
Malvern, Portsoy
Malvern is a building standing at 21–23 Low Street in Portsoy, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. Dating to the mid-18th century, it is a Category B listed building.

The building is three storeys with three bays, standing on a slope leading down to the harbour. Its ground floor is six bays, with three windows and three doors. It has an ashlar frontage with polished ashlar dressings. Its harled rear faces North High Street. Its ground floor is commercial (formerly a bakery).

Its garden walls are made of rubble, with pedestrian access to North High Street.

Historic Environment Scotland classes Malvern and 29–33 Low Street as an "A Group".

Portsoy
Portsoy (Scottish Gaelic: Port Saoidh) is a small town in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. Historically, Portsoy was in Banffshire until 1975. The original name may come from Port Saoithe, meaning "saithe harbour". Portsoy is located on the Moray Firth coast of northeast Scotland, 50 miles (80 km) northwest of Aberdeen and 65 miles (105 km) east of Inverness. It had a population of 1,752 at the time of the 2011 census.
SS Louis Bamberger
SS Louis Bamberger was a Liberty ship built in the United States during World War II. She was named after Louis Bamberger, a businessman and philanthropist, noted for co-founding, with his sister Caroline Bamberger Fuld, the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey.

Caroline Bamberger Fuld
Caroline Bamberger Frank Fuld (nickname, "Carrie"; March 16, 1864 – July 18, 1944) was an American businesswoman and philanthropist. She and her brother Louis Bamberger co-founded L. Bamberger & Co. department store in Newark, and later the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey.
Riverside station (New York)
Riverside station is a historic railroad station located at Riparius, Warren County, New York.  It was built in 1913 and is a one-story, rectangular (40 feet by 168 feet), hipped roof frame building with covered platforms at each end.  A baggage room was added between 1915 and 1924.  It was built by the Delaware and Hudson Railroad and embodies a Prairie School style design. It was also operated as a station for the Upper Hudson River Railroad scenic railway.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1997 as the Riverside Train Station.

Warren County, New York
Warren County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 65,737. The county seat is Queensbury. The county was established in 1813 and is named in honor of General Joseph Warren, an American Revolutionary War hero of the Battle of Bunker Hill. The county is part of the Capital District region of the state.
2007 World Masters Athletics Championships
44°00′09″N 12°38′20″E﻿ / ﻿44.00247°N 12.63894°E﻿ / 44.00247; 12.63894﻿ (Stadio Italo Nicoletti)

2007 World Masters Athletics Championships is the seventeenth in a series of World Masters Athletics Outdoor Championships
that took place in Riccione, Italy from 4 to 15 September 2007.

The main venue was Stadio Italo Nicoletti. Supplemental venues included Stadio Comunale Santamonica in Misano Adriatico and Stadio Comunale San Giovanni in San Giovanni in Marignano.

This Championships was organized by World Masters Athletics (WMA) in coordination with a Local Organising Committee (LOC): Lamberto Vacchi, Luca Verrascina and Francesco Arese.

The WMA is the global governing body of the sport of athletics for athletes 35 years of age or older, setting rules for masters athletics competition.

In addition to a full range of track and field events,
non-stadia events included 8K Cross Country, 10K Race Walk (women), 20K Race Walk (men), and Marathon.

10 kilometres race walk
The 10 kilometres race walk, or 10-kilometer racewalk, is a racewalking event.  The event is competed as a road race. Athletes must always keep in contact with the ground and the supporting leg must remain straight until the raised leg passes it.  10 kilometers is 6.2 miles.
Pravachanasara
Pravacanasāra is a text composed by Jain monk Kundakunda in the second century CE or later. The title means "Essence of the Doctrine" or "Essence of the Scripture", and it largely deals with the correct ascetic and spiritual behavior based on his dualism premise. Kundakunda provides a rationale for nudity among Digambara monks in this text, stating that the duality of self and of others means "neither I belong to others, nor others belong to me, therefore nothing is mine and the ideal way for a monk to live is the way he was born". The text is written in Prakrit language, and it consists of three chapters and 275 verses.

A modern English translation was published by Vijay K. Jain in 2020.

Jain monasticism
Jain monasticism refers to the order of monks and nuns in the Jain community and can be divided into two major denominations: the Digambara and the Śvētāmbara. The monastic practices of the two major sects vary greatly, but the major principles of both are identical. Five mahāvratas (Great Vows), from Mahavira's teachings, are followed by all Jain ascetics of both the sects. Historians believe that a united Jain sangha (community) existed before 367 BCE, about 160 years after the moksha (liberation) of Mahavira. The community then gradually divided into the major denominations. However, no evidence indicate when the schism between the Digambaras and the Śvetāmbaras happened.
Invex function
In vector calculus, an invex function is a differentiable function  from  to  for which there exists a vector valued function  such that

for all x and u.

Invex functions were introduced by Hanson as a generalization of convex functions.  Ben-Israel and Mond provided a simple proof that a function is invex if and only if every stationary point is a global minimum, a theorem first stated by Craven and Glover.

Hanson also showed that if the objective and the constraints of an optimization problem are invex with respect to the same function , then the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions are sufficient for a global minimum.

Optimization problem
In mathematics, engineering, computer science and economics, an optimization problem is the problem of finding the best solution from all feasible solutions.

Optimization problems can be divided into two categories, depending on whether the variables are continuous or discrete:

An optimization problem with discrete variables is known as a discrete optimization, in which an object such as an integer, permutation or graph must be found from a countable set.

A problem with continuous variables is known as a continuous optimization, in which an optimal value from a continuous function must be found. They can include constrained problems and multimodal problems.
BadBadNotGood discography
The discography of BadBadNotGood, the Canadian instrumental jazz and hip-hop group, includes five solo studio albums as well as collaborative projects like 2015's Sour Soul with Ghostface Killah, and numerous singles. Collaborative since their origin, BBNG is well known for working with artists like Daniel Caesar, MF DOOM, Kali Uchis, and Mick Jenkins. Outside of their own output, BBNG are noted producers and songwriters and often work with fellow Canadian producers Frank Dukes and Kaytranada.

BBNGLive
BBNGLive 1 and BBNGLive 2 (stylized in all caps) are a pair of albums released by BadBadNotGood in 2011 and 2012, respectively. The albums were released at regular intervals between the band's debut and second studio albums. Both albums were self-released as free downloads and helped build buzz for the band during their inaugural year. The band's next live record would be their Spotify Live EP, released by Innovative Leisure in 2017.
Alfred Bosworth
Alfred Bosworth (1812–June 10, 1862) was a justice of the Rhode Island Supreme Court from November 1854 until his death on June 10, 1862.

Born at Warren, Rhode Island in 1812, Bosworth graduated from Brown University in 1835, and studied law with Judge Levi Haile. Bosworth served in the Rhode Island House of Representatives from 1839 to 1854, including three terms as Speaker. Bosworth was a member of the Whig Party. Upon the death of Judge Haile in 1854, Bosworth was elected to succeed him as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of Rhode Island, which office he continued to hold until his death in 1862. He also served as a Trustee of Brown University. Bosworth was of counsel for Rhode Island in suits growing out of the boundary question between Rhode Island and Massachusetts. He died at his home in Warren, Rhode Island.

Reading law
Reading law was the primary method used in common law countries, particularly the United States, for people to prepare for and enter the legal profession before the advent of law schools. In Commonwealth countries, becoming an articled clerk was a similar practice.

It consisted of an extended internship or apprenticeship under the tutelage or mentoring of an experienced lawyer. The practice largely died out in the early 20th century. A few U.S. states, namely California, Maine, New York, Vermont, Virginia and Washington, still permit people to become lawyers by reading law instead of attending some or all of law school, although the practice is uncommon.

In this sense, "reading law" specifically refers to a means of entering the profession, although in England it is still customary to say that a university undergraduate is "reading" a course, which may be law or any other.
Reception of the American Loyalists by Great Britain in the Year 1783
Reception of the American Loyalists by Great Britain in the Year 1783 is a lost painting by American-born artist Benjamin West, depicting the return of the Loyalists to the British Empire following their expulsion from the victorious United States after the American Revolutionary War. Unlike West's established historical styles, Reception features a highly allegorical composition of European, Black, and Native American refugees being welcomed back into the fold by Britannia, who presides over the British Crown Jewels while flanked by angels and government officials surveying the scene.

The original painting and its date of creation have been lost but is survived by a pair of replicas, one by engraver Henry Moses and one by West himself in the background of a later portrait of John Eardley Wilmot, completed in 1811 and 1812 respectively.

Lost artworks
Lost artworks are original pieces of art that credible sources or material evidence indicate once existed but that cannot be accounted for in museums or private collections, as well as works known to have been destroyed deliberately or accidentally or neglected through ignorance and lack of connoisseurship.
Mong Pawk
Mong Pawk (Burmese: မိုင်းပေါက်မြို့, Shan: ဝဵင်းမိူင်းပွၵ်ႉ, Parauk: Meung' Bawg, Chinese: 勐波) is a city in the de facto independent Wa State of far eastern Myanmar only 10 kilometres from the border with China.  It is just south of Pangkham. It is the largest city of Wa State.

Shan language
Shan is the native language of the Shan people and is mostly spoken in Shan State, Myanmar. It is also spoken in pockets in other parts of Myanmar, in Northern Thailand, in Yunnan, in Laos, in Cambodia, in Vietnam and decreasingly in Assam and Meghalaya. Shan is a member of the Kra–Dai language family and is related to Thai. It has five tones, which do not correspond exactly to Thai tones, plus a sixth tone used for emphasis. The term Shan is also used for related Northwestern Tai languages, and it is called Tai Yai or Tai Long in other Tai languages. Standard Shan, which is also known as Tachileik Shan, is based on the dialect of the city of Tachileik.

In 2019, Ethnologue estimated there were 3.3 million Shan speakers, including 3.2 million in Myanmar. The Mahidol University Institute for Language and Culture estimates there are gave the number of Shan speakers in Thailand as 95,000 in 2006. Many Shan speak local dialects as well as the language of their trading partners.
John P. Schmitz
John Patrick Schmitz (born April 19, 1955) is an American attorney and political advisor who served as Deputy White House Counsel to President George H. W. Bush (1989–1993), and Deputy Counsel to Vice President Bush during the Reagan administration (1987–1989). Schmitz clerked for Antonin Scalia at the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia (1983–1984).

Fluent in German, Schmitz has worked extensively on German-American issues both in government, and since 1993, in private practice in Washington, D.C. and Berlin.

White House Counsel
The White House counsel is a senior staff appointee of the president of the United States whose role is to advise the president on all legal issues concerning the president and their administration.  The White House counsel also oversees the Office of White House Counsel, a team of lawyers and support staff who provide legal guidance for the president and the White House Office.  At least when the White House counsel is advising the president on legal matters pertaining to the duties or prerogatives of the president, this office is also called counsel to the President.  When initially created, it was named simply Special Counsel.

David Warrington is the current White House counsel, serving since January 20, 2025.
Sick of Sarah
Sick of Sarah was a rock music band based in Minneapolis. Their "strong-voiced punky girl-rock" has drawn comparisons to bands such as Dollyrots and Tegan and Sara. Among their claims to fame, they are one of the most torrented bands of all time: the band was featured on the BitTorrent Artist Spotlight, and 1.7 million copies were downloaded. Because their album 2205 was automatically downloaded with BitTorrent software, it was dubbed the "spam album", but the band benefited greatly from the publicity.

The Dollyrots
The Dollyrots are an American punk rock band formed in 2000, composed of Kelly Ogden (bass, lead vocals) and Luis Cabezas (guitars, backing vocals). They have released nine studio albums under Panic Button (part of Lookout! Records), Joan Jett's Blackheart Records, Little Steven's Wicked Cool Records, their own label, Arrested Youth Records and currently Wicked Cool Records.
1976 Bali earthquake
The 1976 Bali earthquake occurred at 15:13 local time on 14 July with a surface-wave magnitude of 6.5. The shock occurred 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) south of the Bali Sea coast of the Buleleng Regency, and about 65 kilometres (40 mi) northwest of Denpasar. Up to ninety percent of houses in Buleleng Regency were seriously damaged or destroyed and the Seririt sub-district was almost completely destroyed, where a school building collapsed and trapped at least 200 students. 573 people are believed to have died; at least 544 in Buleleng Regency, 24 in Jembrana and 5 in Tabanan. Four thousand more suffered injuries and an estimated 450,000 were left temporarily homeless.

Bali Sea
The Bali Sea (Indonesian: Laut Bali, Balinese: ᬲᭂᬕᬭᬩᬮᬶ, romanized: Segara Bali) is the body of water north of the island of Bali and south of Kangean Island in Indonesia. The sea forms the south-west part of the Flores Sea, and the Madura Strait opens into it from the west.