hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Margaretha Sandra
Margaretha Sandra (7 January 1629 in Middelburg – 21 June 1674 in Aardenburg, Zeeland), was a Dutch heroine, known for her participation in the defense of Aardenburg during the  two-night siege by the French in 1672.

Assault on Aardenburg (1672)
The Assault on Aardenburg took place between June 25–26 when a French force of 5,000–9,000 men, under de Nancré, tried to take the fortress town of Aardenburg. Its small garrison however held out and managed to repulse the assault.
2012 Challengers League
The 2012 Challengers League was the sixth season of amateur K3 League.

The Challengers League maintained home and away season of two groups and a one-time interleague play. The winners and runners-up of both groups qualified for the championship playoffs like before. On the basis of the overall standings, however, third and fourth-placed club entered the first round, and second and first-placed club directly advanced to the semi-final and final respectively.

18 clubs participated in this season after Jungnang Chorus Mustang and Paju Citizen joined the league. Asan Citizen moved its city to Yesan before the start of the season, and changed its name to Yesan Citizen.

Asan United FC
Asan United Football Club (Korean: 아산 유나이티드 FC) was a South Korean football club based in the city of Asan. It was a founder member of the Challengers League, an amateur league and the third tier of league football in South Korea in 2007. The club was dissolved in 2015 after merging with Cheonan FC.

The club was founded in 2005 as Asan FC. In December 2007, the name of the club was changed to Asan United FC. In March 2009, club's name was changed to Asan Citizen FC. After the 2011 season, the club was relocated to Yesan County nearby Asan and changed the name. In the 2013 season, the club re-changed name to Asan United FC.
2010 Taiwanese local elections
Local elections were held in Taiwan on 27 November 2010 to elect mayors, councillors, and village chiefs of special-municipalities (Kaohsiung, New Taipei, Taichung, Tainan and Taipei), known as the Five Municipalities Elections (Chinese: 五都選舉). Mayoral candidates for the Kuomintang were elected in New Taipei, Taipei, and Taichung, while candidates for the Democratic Progressive Party were elected in Kaohsiung and Tainan. On the eve of the election, Sean Lien, son of former Vice President Chan Lien, was shot in face when he was campaigning for a Kuomintang New Taipei councillor candidate.

Earlier in the year on 12 June 2010, elections were held to elect representatives in township/city councils and village chiefs.

Village (Taiwan)
Villages are the basic level administrative subdivisions of the Republic of China, under townships, county-administered cities or districts. There are two types of villages depending on the divisions it belongs to.
The Lingnan
The Lingnan is a Chinese restaurant in Edmonton, Alberta. It is the second-oldest existing restaurant in Edmonton, having opened in 1947, and mainly serves westernized Cantonese cuisine.

The Lingnan has been owned by the Quon family since its founding and has been in its present location in Central McDougall, Edmonton since the 1960s.
Since 2002, the Lingnan has been solely owned by Kinman Quon, who runs it with his wife Amy and their family. The restaurant celebrated its 75th anniversary in 2022. Amy Quon also owned the downtown Edmonton Chinese restaurant Chicken for Lunch, which operated for 32 years before closing in 2024.

The Lingnan and the Quon family were the subject of the third season of the Food Network Canada television show The Family Restaurant, which was spun off into the Citytv show The Quon Dynasty. The restaurant was also featured in a scene from the film Before I Change My Mind.

Food Network (Canada)
Food Network is a Canadian exempt discretionary specialty channel owned by Rogers Sports & Media. Based on the U.S. cable network of the same name, it broadcasts programming related to food, cooking, cuisine, and the food industry.
Persikota Sungai Penuh
Persatuan Sepak Bola Indonesia Kota Sungai Penuh, commonly known as simply Persikota Sungai Penuh, is an Indonesia association football club based in Sungai Penuh, Jambi. As of October 2021, the football club plays in Liga 4 which is the last tier in Indonesian football.

Sungai Penuh
Sungai Penuh (Indonesian: (Kota) Sungai Penuh, lit. "Full River (City)") is a city in Indonesia, in western Jambi province, on the island of Sumatra. It is an enclave within Kerinci Regency, of which it was formerly part but from which it became administratively separate on 24 June 2008. The city, whose name means "Penuh River", is also known as Siulak. It covers an area of 364.92 km2 and had a population of 82,293 at the 2010 Census and 96,610 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 102,224 (comprising 51,371 males and 50,853 females).
Rustamid dynasty
The Rustamid dynasty (Arabic: الرستميون) was an Ibadi dynasty of Persian origin which ruled a state that was centered in present-day Algeria. The dynasty governed as a Muslim theocracy for a century and a half from its capital Tahert (present day Tagdemt) until the Ismaili Fatimid Caliphate defeated it. Rustamid authority extended over what is now central and western Algeria, parts of southern Tunisia, and the Jebel Nafusa and Fezzan regions in Libya as far as Zawila.

Theocracy
Theocracy or ethiocracy is a form of autocracy or oligarchy in which one or more deities are recognized as supreme ruling authorities giving divine guidance to human intermediaries with executive, legislative or judicial power who manage the government's daily affairs.
Akihiro Fukatsu
Akihiro Fukatsu (深津 旭弘, Fukatsu Akihiro; born (1987-07-23)23 July 1987) is a Japanese male volleyball player. He was part of the Japan men's national volleyball team. On club level, he plays for Tokyo Great Bears.

Tokyo Great Bears
Tokyo Great Bears (Japanese: 東京グレートベアーズ) is the Japanese male volleyball club in the SV.League, the highest-tier volleyball league in Japan. Established in May 2022 by Nature Lab Co., Ltd. and would start competing in 2022–23 season.
A Void
A Void, translated from the original French La Disparition (lit. "The Disappearance"), is a 300-page French lipogrammatic novel, put out in 1969 by Georges Perec, written wholly without using the letter e, following Oulipo constraints.

E
E, or e, is the fifth letter and the second vowel letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is e (pronounced /ˈiː/ ⓘ); plural es, Es, or E's.

It is the most commonly used letter in many languages, including Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Hungarian, Latin, Latvian, Norwegian, Spanish, and Swedish.
Metro Manila Film Festival Award for Most Gender-Sensitive Film
The Metro Manila Film Festival Award for Most Gender-Sensitive Film is an award presented annually by the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA). It was first awarded at the 29th Metro Manila Film Festival ceremony, held in 2003; the film Homecoming won the award and it is given to the best representation of gender-sensitivity or modification of behavior by raising awareness of gender equality concerns in a motion picture. Currently, nominees and winners are determined by Executive Committees, headed by the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority Chairman and key members of the film industry. The award was not presented from 2014 to 2018 until it was accepted by Mindanao on the 45th Metro Manila Film Festival.

Mindanao (film)
Mindanao is a 2019 Philippine war drama film directed by Brillante Mendoza starring Judy Ann Santos and Allen Dizon. It was selected as the Philippine entry for the Best International Feature Film at the 93rd Academy Awards, but it was not nominated.
Eswatini National Archives
The Eswatini National Archives are a Department of the Ministry of Information, Communications & technology. Director is Mr. Nqoba Msibi. The Archives are located in the Lobamba area of Eswatini (formerly Swaziland), along the Mbabane-Manzini road, next to the Houses of Parliament and opposite the Somhlolo National Stadium. They are open Monday to Friday and are closed weekends and public holidays.

Lobamba
Lobamba is a town in Eswatini located in between Eswatini's two main cities, Mbabane and Manzini.

It is located in the Hhohho region, with Mbabane as the nearest city and Lusushwana river as the nearest river. It is located between Ezulwini and Mahlanya and is opposite Elangeni.

This town holds cultural significance in Eswatini as it features places of great significance. It serves as a  legislative, traditional, spiritual, seat of government of the Parliament of Eswatini, and Ludzidzini Royal Village, the residence of Queen Ntfombi, the Queen Mother.

It is about ten kilometres from King Mswati III 's palace,  the Lozitha Palace. It also houses Somhlolo National Stadium.
Diane Johnsen
Diane M. Johnsen was a Judge of the Arizona Court of Appeals, Division One, having been appointed to the post in August 2006 by Governor Janet Napolitano. She retired in 2020.

Johnsen received her Bachelor of Arts summa cum laude from the University of Arizona in 1975. After working as a reporter for the Arizona Daily Star, Johnsen went on to receive her Juris Doctor in 1982 from Stanford Law School, where she had been an associate editor of the Stanford Law Review.

After leaving law school, Johnsen was a clerk to Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals Judge Benjamin Cushing Duniway.  She was a commercial litigation attorney at Munger, Tolles & Olson in Los Angeles, California from 1983 to 1985 and at Osborn Maledon in Phoenix, Arizona from 1985 to 2006.

Johnsen was a board member of the Arizona Center for Law in the Public Interest from 1993 to 2006 and the Children's Action Alliance from 2004 to 2006.

Stanford Law Review
The Stanford Law Review (SLR) is a legal journal produced independently by Stanford Law School students. The journal was established in 1948 with future U.S. Secretary of State Warren Christopher as its first president. The review produces six issues yearly between January and June and regularly publishes short-form content on the Stanford Law Review Online.
Hammersley Inlet
Hammersley Inlet, in southwestern Puget Sound in the U.S. state of Washington, is an arm of water opening north of Arcadia and leading to the city of Shelton and Oakland Bay. Hammersley Inlet is also known as Big Skookum.

Shelton, Washington
Shelton is a city in and the county seat of Mason County, Washington, United States. Shelton is the westernmost city on Puget Sound. The population was 10,371 at the 2020 census. Shelton has a council–manager form of government and was the last city in Washington to use a mayor–commission form of government.
Madison Courier
The Madison Courier is a local newspaper located in Madison, Indiana that also services Jefferson and Switzerland Counties in Indiana, plus Trimble and Carroll Counties in Kentucky. The newspaper has a daily print circulation of 9,500 subscribers with over 20,000 readers. They also have a website where they upload e-editions of their newspapers.

Madison, Indiana
Madison is a city in and the county seat of Jefferson County, Indiana, United States, along the Ohio River. As of the 2020 census, Madison had a population of 12,357. Over 55,000 people live within 15 miles (24 km) of downtown Madison. Madison is the largest city along the Ohio River between Louisville and Cincinnati. In 2006, the majority of Madison's downtown area was designated a National Historic Landmark—133 blocks of the downtown area is known as the Madison Historic Landmark District.
Farid-Es-Sultaneh v. Commissioner
Farid-Es-Sultaneh v. Commissioner, 160 F.2d 812 (2d Cir. 1947) is a United States federal income tax case.  It is notable (and thus appears frequently in law school casebooks) for the following holding:

Appreciated property, transferred to a wife pursuant to an antenuptial agreement, was not a gift, but was consideration for which she sold her inchoate marital rights.

This applies the general rule, that a taxpayer recognizes a gain on the transfer of appreciated property in satisfaction of a legal obligation.

Therefore, the property's basis in her hands was not a "carryover" (gift) basis from her husband.  Instead, the court set its basis at its fair market value.

Fair market value
The fair market value of property is the price at which it would change hands between a willing and informed buyer and seller. The term is used throughout the United States Internal Revenue Code, as well as in bankruptcy laws, in many state laws, and by several regulatory bodies.

In litigation in many jurisdictions in the United States the fair market value is determined at a hearing. In certain jurisdictions, the courts are required to hold fair market hearings, even if the borrowers or the loans guarantors waived their rights to such a hearing in the loan documents.

FMV is often used for taxation purposes, determining the value of charitable donations, estate planning, and other financial transactions. The specific methods used to determine FMV may vary depending on the type of property or asset involved.

Fair market value is subjective and can fluctuate based on market conditions, supply and demand, location, and other factors.
Ricky Andrew
Ricky Andrew (born 2 December 1989) is a rugby union coach and former player. He played professionally at wing and Fullback for Ulster and Nottingham, was player/head coach for Spanish side CAU Rugby Valencia, and is currently a pathway coach with the Ulster academy.

A graduate of the Hughes Insurance Ulster Academy, he made his debut for Ulster in the 2011/12 season. Over the next three seasons he appeared in the Pro12 and Heineken Cup, before moving to Nottingham in the English Championship for the 2015-16 season. After that he spent some time playing and coaching for Rainey Old Boys in the All-Ireland League, before being appointed head coach at CAU Rugby Valencia in 2017. As of 2022 he is a pathway coach with the Ulster Rugby academy.

Champ Rugby
Champ Rugby (formerly the RFU Championship) is an English rugby union competition among fourteen clubs. It is the second level of men's English rugby and is played by both professional and semi-professional players. The competition has existed since 1987, when English clubs were first organised into leagues. Historically the competition provided automatic promotion to the top-flight PREM Rugby, but following a vote by the RFU Council on 27 February 2026, automatic promotion and relegation between the two tiers was abolished from the 2026–27 season. Champ Rugby remains a required pathway to the PREM under the new criteria-based expansion model, under which any club seeking admission to the PREM must first have played at least one season in the Champ.
Big Break Ireland
Big Break Ireland was the 16th edition of the Golf Channel reality show, The Big Break. It was contested in the K Club in Straffan, County Kildare, Ireland. It premiered on September 20, 2011. The eventual winner of the show was Mark Murphy, who won $50,000 and two exemptions to European Tour events, the Trophée Hassan II and the Irish Open.

Straffan
Straffan (Irish: Teach Srafáin) is a village in County Kildare, Ireland. It is situated on the banks of the River Liffey, 25 km upstream of the Irish capital Dublin. As of the 2022 census, the village had a population of 1,158, an over three-fold increase (from 332) since the 2002 census.

Straffan is the name of the surrounding electoral division which is within the 'Celbridge Number 1 Rural Area', and which (as of 2006) had a population of 1,449. At one time a separate parish, it is today joined to the parishes of Celbridge (in the Roman Catholic structure) and Celbridge and Newcastle (Church of Ireland), in the respective Dublin dioceses.

Straffan is home to the K Club, formally the Kildare Hotel and Golf Club, and its two championship golf courses. These courses have staged several international tournaments, including the European Open (hosted annually there between 1995 and 2007) and the Ryder Cup tournament (held at the K Club in 2006).
Société centrale d'aviculture de France
The Société centrale d'aviculture de France (SCAF) is a French non-profit poultry association affiliated with the Ministry of Agriculture and recognized as being of public utility by a ministerial decree of July 16, 1912.

The SCAF brings together amateur breeders of backyard animals (waterfowl, gallinaceous birds, pigeons and also rabbits) and more ornamental animals (ornamental birds, dwarf rabbits, guinea pigs, bantam chickens).

Bantam (poultry)
A bantam is any small variety of fowl, usually of chicken or duck. Most large chicken breeds and several breeds of duck have a bantam counterpart, which is much smaller than the standard-sized fowl, but otherwise similar in most or all respects. A true bantam chicken is naturally small and has no large counterpart.
Evgeny Yakovlevich Remez
Evgeny Yakovlevich Remez (sometimes spelled as Evgenii Yakovlevich Remez, Russian: Евге́ний Я́ковлевич Ре́мез; 1895 in Mstislavl, now Belarus – 1975 in Kyiv, now Ukraine) was a Soviet mathematician. He is known for his work in the constructive function theory, in particular, for the Remez algorithm and the Remez inequality.

His doctoral students include Boris Korenblum.

Constructive function theory
In mathematical analysis, constructive function theory is a field which studies the connection between the smoothness of a function and its degree of approximation. It is closely related to approximation theory. The term was coined by Sergei Bernstein.
Martin Kirchner
Martin Kirchner (15 July 1854, in Spandau – 11 November 1925, in Berlin) was a German hygienist and bacteriologist, known for his work in the fight against tuberculosis.

He studied at the universities of Halle and Berlin, receiving his medical doctorate in 1878. From 1887 he worked as a physician under Robert Koch at the institute of hygiene in Berlin. In 1894 he obtained his habilitation for hygiene at the Technische Hochschule in Hannover, and in 1900 became an associate professor at the University of Berlin. From 1911 to 1919 he was head of the medical department at the Ministry of the Interior.

In 1904, with Ernst von Bergmann and Robert Kutner, he was co-founder of the Zeitschrift für ärztliche Fortbildung ("Journal of Medical Education").

Hygiene
Hygiene is a set of practices performed to preserve health.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), "Hygiene refers to conditions and practices that help to maintain health and prevent the spread of diseases." Personal hygiene refers to maintaining the body's cleanliness. Hygiene activities can be grouped into the following: home and everyday hygiene, personal hygiene, medical hygiene, sleep hygiene, and food hygiene. Home and every day hygiene includes hand washing, respiratory hygiene, food hygiene at home, hygiene in the kitchen, hygiene in the bathroom, laundry hygiene, and medical hygiene at home.

While often equated with cleanliness in common usage, hygiene is a term encompassing the personal practices and environmental conditions that maintain health and prevent disease.
Secamone schatzii
Secamone schatzii is a plant species endemic to Madagascar. It grows in lowland rainforest in the eastern part of the country. The species is named in honor of George Schatz of the Missouri Botanical Garden.

Secamone schatzii is a liana climbing as high as 20 m (66 ft). Stems are hairless, round in cross-section. Leaves are opposite, unlobed, elliptical, up to 6 cm (2.4 in) long. Flores are borne in short racemes in the axils of the leaves. Corolla is tubular, yellow-orange, up to 1.3 mm (0.051 in) long, hairy in the mouth but smooth and hairless on the lobes, thinning toward the margins.

George C. Schatz
George Chappell Schatz (born April 14, 1949), the Morrison Professor of Chemistry at Northwestern University,  is a theoretical chemist best known for his seminal contributions to the fields of reaction dynamics and nanotechnology.
Norðurljós
Norðurljós (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈnɔrðʏrˌljouːs], lit. 'Northern Lights') was an Icelandic mass media corporation. It owned the television stations Stöð 2, Sýn and PoppTíVí, several radio stations, including Bylgjan and the daily newspapers Fréttablaðið and DV. All of those were sold to the telecommunications company Og fjarskipti, and split into 365 ljósvakamiðlar (TV and radio stations) and 365 prentmiðlar (newspapers). It also used to own the stores Skífan, Office 1 Superstore (in Iceland), Sony Center Stores (in Iceland) and BT and the cinemas Smárabíó and Regnboginn, which were sold earlier to Dagur group.

Stöð 2
Stöð 2 (literally Channel 2) was a pay television channel in Iceland. It was launched in 1986 as Iceland's first independent television broadcaster. It was later part of the 365 corporation, which was eventually acquired by Sýn.

In 2025, the Stöð 2 brand was retired and replaced by Sýn, including all sub-channels.
Máeleoin Bódur Ó Maolconaire
Máeleoin Bódur Ó Maolconaire was a member of the Ó Maolconaire family of Connacht, who served as historians and poets to the Síol Muireadaigh, and their rulers, the Ó Conchubhair Kings of Connacht. He is the second of the family listed as the Ollamh Síol Muireadaigh, and died in 1266.

O'Conor dynasty
The O'Conor dynasty (Middle Irish: Ó Conchobhair; Modern Irish: Ó Conchúir) are an Irish noble dynasty and formerly one of the most influential and distinguished royal dynasties in Ireland. The O'Conor family held the throne of the Kingdom of Connacht up until 1475. Having ruled it on and off since 967, they ruled continuously from 1102 to 1475. Moreover, the O'Conor parent house the Uí Briúin and Síol Muireadaigh ruled Connacht on many occasions – but not continuously – between 482 and 956. The house of O'Conor also produced two High Kings of Ireland, Tairrdelbach Ua Conchobair and his son Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair, the last High King of Ireland. The family seat is Clonalis House outside Castlerea in County Roscommon.

The current O'Conor Don is Desmond O'Conor (b. 22 September 1938) who lives in Rotherfield, East Sussex in England.
Sphinginae
The Sphinginae are a subfamily of the hawkmoths (Sphingidae), moths of the order Lepidoptera. The subfamily was first described by Pierre André Latreille in 1802. Notable taxa include the pink-spotted hawkmoth (Agrius cingulata), being a very common and recognizable species, the death's-head hawkmoths (Acherontia species) of Silence of the Lambs fame, and Xanthopan morganii with its enormous proboscis.

Xanthopan
Xanthopan is a monotypic genus of sphinx moth, with Xanthopan morganii (often misspelled as "morgani"), commonly called Morgan's sphinx moth, as its sole species. It is a very large sphinx moth from Southern Africa (Zimbabwe, Zambia, Malawi) and Madagascar. Little is known about its biology, though the adults have been found to visit orchids and are one of the main pollinators of several of the Madagascar endemic baobab (Adansonia) species, such as Adansonia perrieri, or Perrier's baobab.
Robin Sutcliffe
Robin Victor Sutcliffe (born 10 July 1980) is a former English cricketer.  Sutcliffe was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium.  He was born in Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire.

Sutcliffe played 2 first-class for Northamptonshire in 1999, against Cambridge University and Sri Lanka A. In 2 first-class matches, he scored 6 runs at a batting average of 6.00, with a high score of 6*. With the ball he took 4 wickets at a bowling average of 41.00, with best figures of 2/88.

Hemel Hempstead
Hemel Hempstead (/ˌhɛməl ˈhɛmpstɪd/) is a town in the Dacorum district of Hertfordshire, England. It is located 24 miles (39 km) north-west of London; nearby towns and cities include Watford, St Albans and Berkhamsted. The population at the 2021 census was 95,961.

Hemel Hempstead has existed since at least the 8th century and was granted its town charter by Henry VIII in 1539. It has expanded and developed in recent decades after being designated as a New Town after the end of the Second World War.