hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Eric Schocket
Eric Schocket (1966–2006) was an associate professor of American literature at Hampshire College in Amherst, Massachusetts. He wrote primarily on issues of class. In Vanishing Moments: Class and American Literature (University of Michigan Press, 2006), Schocket examined the way in which class-conscious American literature (such as by Herman Melville, Rebecca Harding Davis, William Howells, and Langston Hughes) confronted and addressed the typical American denial of issues of social stratification.

Schocket received his BA from the University of California, Berkeley, and his PhD in American literature from Stanford University.

After a months-long battle with leukemia, Schocket died on September 3, 2006. He is survived by his wife, Alison Greene, and his two children, Benjamin and Margot Schocket-Greene.

Hampshire College
Hampshire College is a private liberal arts college in Amherst, Massachusetts, United States. It was opened in 1970 as an experiment in alternative education, in association with four other colleges in the Pioneer Valley: Amherst College, Smith College, Mount Holyoke College, and the University of Massachusetts Amherst. Together they are known as the Five College Consortium. The campus also houses the National Yiddish Book Center and Eric Carle Museum, and hosts the annual Hampshire College Summer Studies in Mathematics.

The college utilizes an alternative curriculum, with an emphasis on progressive pedagogy and self-directed academic concentrations, a focus on portfolios rather than distribution requirements, and a reliance on narrative evaluations instead of grades and GPAs.
Carolina gold rush
The Carolina gold rush, the first gold rush in the United States, followed the discovery of a large gold nugget in North Carolina in 1799, by a 12-year-old boy named Conrad Reed. He spotted the nugget while playing in Meadow Creek on his family's farm in Cabarrus County, North Carolina. Conrad took the 17-pound (7.7 kg) gold nugget home to show his father. However, gold was not commonly seen in their community and the value of the nugget was not understood. The nugget was used as a door stop in the family's home for several years. In 1802, Conrad's father, John Reed, showed the rock to a jeweler, who recognized it as gold and offered to buy it.  Reed, still unaware of the real value of his "doorstop", sold it to the jeweler for US$3.50 (equivalent to $78.75 in 2025) (approximately one week's pay for a farm laborer at that time). The large nugget's true value was around $3,600.

Gold nugget
A gold nugget is a naturally occurring piece of native gold. Watercourses often concentrate nuggets and finer gold in placers. Nuggets are recovered by placer mining, but they are also found in residual deposits where the gold-bearing veins or lodes are weathered. Nuggets are also found in the tailings piles of previous mining operations, especially those left by gold mining dredges.
Vernissage
A vernissage (from French, originally meaning "varnishing") is a preview of an art exhibition, which may be private, before the formal  opening. If the vernissage is not open to the public, but only to invited guests, it is often called a private view.

Varnish
Varnish is a clear transparent hard protective coating or film. It is not to be confused with wood stain. It usually has a yellowish shade due to the manufacturing process and materials used, but it may also be pigmented as desired. It is sold commercially in various shades.

Varnish is primarily used as a wood finish where, stained or not, the distinctive tones and grains in the wood are intended to be visible. Varnish finishes are naturally glossy, but satin/semi-gloss and flat sheens are available.
2022 Nonthaburi Challenger III – Doubles
Benjamin Lock and Yuta Shimizu won the second of the series of three events that comprised the Nonthaburi Challenger, but chose to defend their title with different partners. Lock partnered his brother Courtney but lost in the quarterfinals to Francis Alcantara and Christopher Rungkat. Shimizu partnered Anirudh Chandrasekar but lost in the semifinals to Alcantara and Rungkat.

Chung Yun-seong and Ajeet Rai won the title after defeating Alcantara and Rungkat 6–1, 7–6(8–6) in the final.

Ajeet Rai
Ajeet Shankar Rai (born 18 January 1999) is a New Zealand professional tennis player.

Rai has a career-high singles ranking by the ATP of 417, achieved on 10 April 2023, and a best doubles ranking of world No. 222, reached on 24 June 2024.
ݭ
ݭ is an additional letter of the Arabic script, derived from sīn (س) with the addition of two vertically aligned dots above the letter. It is not used in the Arabic language, but is used in Kalami to represent a voiceless retroflex fricative, [ʂ], and in Ormuri to represent a voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative, [ɕ].  In Gawar-Bati, the letter is also used to represent voiceless retroflex fricative, [ʂ].

Ormuri
Ormuri (اورموړی [oɾˈmuɽi]), also known as Baraki or Bargista, is an Eastern Iranian language spoken in the Waziristan region of Pakistan. It is primarily spoken by the Burki people in the town of Kaniguram in South Waziristan. A small number of speakers are also found in Logar, Afghanistan. The language belongs to the Eastern-Iranian language group. The extremely small number of speakers makes Ormuri an endangered language that is considered to be in a "threatened" state.

Ormuri is notable for its unusual sound inventory, which includes a voiceless alveolar trill that does not exist in the surrounding Pashto. Ormuri also has voiceless and voiced alveolo-palatal fricatives (the voiceless being contrastive with the more common voiceless palato-alveolar fricative), which also exist in the Waziristani dialect of Pashto, but could have been adopted from Ormuri due to its close proximity.
West Ward Rural District
West Ward was a rural district of the administrative county of Westmorland. The area was directly based on the former West Ward rural sanitary district, and therefore indirectly on the old West Ward or hundred of Westmorland.

The district existed from 1894 to 1935. The civil parish of Shap became a separate urban district in 1905, and was entirely surrounded by the district. Other places in the district included Patterdale and Askham.

In 1935, under a County Review Order it merged with Shap UDC and East Westmorland RDC to become North Westmorland Rural District except for the parish of Patterdale which became part of Lakes Urban District.

Askham, Cumbria
Askham is a village and civil parish in Westmorland and Furness, Cumbria, England. It is in the historic county of Westmorland. According to the 2001 census the parish had a population of 360, decreasing slightly to 356 at the 2011 Census. It is on the eastern edge of the Lake District National Park, 4 miles (6.4 km) south of Penrith.  Nearby are the remains of Lowther Castle, the site of the annual Lowther Show, a three-day event of country pursuits.
Philippine Bowling Federation
The Philippine Bowling Federation (PBF) is a duly-accredited governing body of Tenpin Bowling in the Philippines. PBF is currently recognized by the Philippine Olympic Committee, Philippine Sports Commission, Asian Bowling Federation, and International Bowling Federation.

Philippine Sports Commission
The Philippine Sports Commission (PSC; Filipino: Komisyon sa Palakasan ng Pilipinas) is an agency of the Philippine government that tackles matters concerning sports in the country. The sports agency is independent from the Philippine Olympic Committee, a privately-ran organization that enjoys autonomy from the government.
Too Young (Sidney Lippman and Sylvia Dee song)
"Too Young" is a popular song, with music written by Sidney Lippman and lyrics by Sylvia Dee. A recording of the song was released by Nat King Cole in 1951, which reached No. 1 in the United States and became the best-selling song of the year. The song was an early attempt by music labels to appeal to the younger demographics and its success later led to a boom in music that catered to the young. Another successful version was released by Donny Osmond in 1972.

Traditional pop
Traditional pop (also known as pre-rock and roll pop) is Western popular music that generally pre-dates the advent of rock and roll and pop music in the mid-1950s. The most popular and enduring songs from this era of music are known as pop standards or American standards. The works of these songwriters and composers are usually considered part of the canon known as the "Great American Songbook". More generally, the term "standard" can be applied to any popular song that has become very widely known within mainstream culture and recorded by many artists.

AllMusic defines traditional pop as "post-big band and pre-rock & roll pop music".
Zakharovo, Zakharovsky District, Ryazan Oblast
Zakharovo (Russian: Захарово) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Zakharovsky District, Ryazan Oblast, Russia. Population:  2,739 (2010 Census); 2,956 (2002 Census); 3,174 (1989 Soviet census).

Ryazan Oblast
Ryazan Oblast (Russian: Рязанская область, romanized: Ryazanskaya oblastʹ, IPA: [rʲɪˈzanskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Ryazan, which is also the oblast's largest city.
Keith Mans
Keith Douglas Rowland Mans, AE FRAeS (born 10 February 1946), is a British Conservative Party politician.

Mans was Member of Parliament (MP) for Wyre from the 1987 general election until the seat was abolished by boundary changes for the 1997 general election. He stood in the new Lancaster and Wyre seat, but lost to Labour's Hilton Dawson.

Hilton Dawson
Thomas Hilton Dawson (born 30 September 1953) is a British politician who was the Labour Party Member of Parliament (MP) for Lancaster and Wyre from 1997 until 2005.

Dawson became the chairman of the North East Party in 2014, and was the party's candidate in the 2021 Hartlepool by-election.
2024 Veneto Open – Singles
Alycia Parks won the title, defeating Bernarda Pera in the final, 6–3, 6–1. She saved two match points en route to the title, in her qualifying match against Anna Sisková.

Ashlyn Krueger was the defending champion, but chose not to participate.

Ashlyn Krueger
Ashlyn Rose Krueger (born May 7, 2004) is an American professional tennis player. She has a career-high singles ranking by the WTA of No. 29, achieved on 14 July 2025, and a doubles ranking of world No. 62, achieved in August 2024. Krueger has won one singles title and one doubles title on the WTA Tour.
Anastácia Sibo
Anastácia Solange Sibo Dias (born 27 May 1982) is an Angolan handball player. She plays for the club Petro Atlético, and on the Angolan national team. She represented Angola at the 2013 World Women's Handball Championship in Serbia.

Atlético Petróleos de Luanda (handball)
Atlético Petróleos de Luanda is an Angolan multisports club based in Luanda. The club's handball teams (men and women) compete at the local level, at the Luanda Provincial Handball Championship and at the Men's and Women's leagues as well as at continental level, at the annual Champions League, Cup Winner's Cup and Super Cup competitions. Undoubtedly, the women's handball team of Petro Atlético has been the most successful team in Africa for many years.
Jens Salumäe
Jens Salumäe (born 15 March 1981) is an Estonian former ski jumper and nordic combined skier who has been competing since 2002. He finished 23rd in the individual large hill event at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin.

Salumäe finished 37th in the individual normal hill event at the 2005 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in Oberstdorf. He finished 25th in the individual event at the 2004 Ski-flying World Championships in Planica.

Salumäe's best individual World Cup finish was 21 in a large hill event in Kuusamo, Finland in 2003. His best individual career finish was eighth in a Continental Cup large hill event in Germany in 2005.

He held the Estonian record with 197 metres.

FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2005
The FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2005 took place 16–27 February 2005 in Oberstdorf, Germany, for the second time after hosting it previously in 1987. The ski jumping team normal hill event returned after not being held in 2003. The double pursuit distances of 10 km (5 km classical mass start + 5 km freestyle pursuit) women and 20 km (10 km classical mass start + 10 km freestyle pursuit) men were lengthened to 15 km for women (7.5 km classical mass start + 7.5 km freestyle pursuit) and 30 km for men (15 km classical mass start + 15 km freestyle pursuit). Team sprint was also added as well. The Nordic combined 4 × 5 km team event had its change between ski jumping points and cross-country skiing start time changed from 1 point equals to 1.5 seconds to 1 point equals 1 second at this championship.
Epigenetics of diabetes type 2
In recent years it has become apparent that the environment and underlying mechanisms affect gene expression and the genome outside of the central dogma of biology. It has been found that many epigenetic mechanisms are involved in the regulation and expression of genes such as DNA methylation and chromatin remodeling. These epigenetic mechanisms are believed to be a contributing factor to pathological diseases such as type 2 diabetes. An understanding of the epigenome of diabetes patients may help to elucidate otherwise hidden causes of this disease.

NF-κB
Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) is a family of transcription factor protein complexes that controls transcription of DNA, cytokine production and cell survival. NF-κB is found in almost all animal cell types and is involved in cellular responses to stressful stimuli like cytokines, free radicals, heavy metals, ultraviolet irradiation, oxidized LDL, and bacterial or viral antigens. NF-κB plays a key role in regulating the immune response to infection. Incorrect regulation of NF-κB has been linked to cancer, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, septic shock, viral infection, and improper immune development. NF-κB has also been implicated in processes of synaptic plasticity and memory.
Stenoptilia neblina
Stenoptilia neblina is a moth of the family Pterophoridae. It is known from Venezuela.

Its wingspan is about 21 mm. Adults are on wing in February.

Its host plant is unknown, but an adult was collected near Tyleria and Bonnetia plants.

Pterophoridae
The Pterophoridae or plume moths are a family of Lepidoptera with unusually modified wings, giving them the shape of a narrow winged airplane. Though they belong to the Apoditrysia like the larger moths and the butterflies, unlike these they are tiny and were formerly included among the assemblage called "microlepidoptera".
Costinești
Costinești (Romanian pronunciation: [kostiˈneʃtʲ]) is a commune and resort in Constanța County, Northern Dobruja, Romania, located on the shore of the Black Sea, about 30 kilometres (19 mi) south of the county seat, Constanța. It consists of two villages: Costinești and Schitu.

Northern Dobruja
Northern Dobruja (Romanian: Dobrogea de Nord or simply Dobrogea; Bulgarian: Северна Добруджа, Severna Dobrudzha) is the part of Dobruja within the borders of Romania. It lies between the lower Danube River and the Black Sea, bordered in the south by Southern Dobruja, which is a part of Bulgaria.
Dean, Victoria
Dean is a town in Victoria, Australia. It is located in the Shire of Hepburn 120 kilometres (75 mi) west of the state capital, Melbourne and 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) north-east of Ballarat, close to the Ballarat-Daylesford Road. The Dean Post Office opened on 2 September 1861 and closed in 1980.

At the 2016 census, Dean had a population of 120.

Shire of Hepburn
The Shire of Hepburn is a local government area in Victoria, Australia. Located in the central part of the state, it covers an area of 1,473 square kilometres (569 mi2). The 2021 census recorded a population of 16,604 in the shire.

Notable settlements include Clunes, Creswick, Daylesford, Hepburn Springs, Trentham, Allendale, Denver, Glenlyon, Kingston, Leonards Hill, Lyonville, Newlyn and Smeaton.

The shire is governed and administered by the Hepburn Shire Council; its seat of local government and administrative centre is located at the council headquarters in Daylesford. It also has a service centre located in Creswick. The shire is named after an early squatter named John Hepburn, who established the Smeaton Hill pastoral run, which was located a few kilometres north of present-day Creswick.
Alessandro Corbelli
Alessandro Corbelli (born September 21, 1952) is an Italian baritone opera singer.  One of the world's pre-eminent singers specializing in Mozart and Rossini, Corbelli has sung in many major opera houses around the world and won admiration for his elegant singing style and sharp characterizations, especially in comic roles.

L'italiana in Algeri
L'italiana in Algeri (Italian pronunciation: [litaˈljaːna in alˈdʒɛːri]; The Italian Girl in Algiers) is an operatic dramma giocoso in two acts by Gioachino Rossini to an Italian libretto by Angelo Anelli, based on his earlier text set by Luigi Mosca. It premiered at the Teatro San Benedetto in Venice on 22 May 1813. The music is characteristic of Rossini's style, remarkable for its fusion of sustained, manic energy with elegant, pristine melodies.
Rien ne me changera
"Rien ne me changera" is the second single from the winner of A La Recherche De La Nouvelle Star -  Jonatan Cerrada. In English "Rien ne me Changera" means "Nothing Will Change Me". This song features on Jonatan's debut album Siempre 23.

À la Recherche de la Nouvelle Star
À la recherche de la nouvelle star  (Looking for the new Star) is a reality television show based on the popular British show Pop Idol. The show is a contest to determine the best young singer in La Francophonie. It was hosted by Benjamin Castaldi. The Belgian singer Jonatan Cerrada won over Thierry Amiel with 50.4% of the total votes, and went on to represent France at the 2004 Eurovision Song Contest, with "À chaque pas".

After the first season the show was renamed Nouvelle Star.
Khalid Eisa
Khalid Eisa Mohammed Bilal Saeed Al Mesmari (Arabic: خَالِد عِيسَى مُحَمَّد بِلَال سَعِيد الْمِسْمَارِيّ; born 15 September 1989) is an Emirati professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for UAE Pro League club Al Ain and the United Arab Emirates national team. He competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics and the 2018 FIFA Club World Cup.

UAE President's Cup
The UAE President's Cup, or simply the President Cup, is a football tournament that takes place in United Arab Emirates, between clubs in the UAE Pro League and the UAE First Division League. The winner qualifies for the preliminary stage of AFC Champions League Elite.
Santo Estêvão (Alenquer)
Santo Estêvão (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈsɐ̃tu ɨʃˈtevɐ̃w]) is a former civil parish, located in the municipality of Alenquer, in western Portugal. In 2013, the parish merged into the new parish Alenquer (Santo Estêvão e Triana). It covers 16.09 km² in area, with 5338 inhabitants as of 2001. It was extinguished (aggregated) in 2013 as part of a national administrative reform, having been added to the parish of Triana to form a new parish called União das Freguesias de Alenquer (Santo Estêvão e Triana), of which it was the seat.

Alenquer, Portugal
Alenquer (Portuguese pronunciation: [ɐlẽˈkɛɾ] ⓘ), officially the Town of Alenquer (Portuguese: Vila de Alenquer), is a Portuguese municipality in the Lisbon District and in the Oeste region. The population in 2011 was 43,267, in an area of 304.22 square kilometres (117.46 mi2). The present Mayor is Pedro Miguel Ferreira Folgado.
Dazemard River
The Dazemard River is a tributary of the east bank of the Wetetnagami River flowing into Senneterre in the RCM of La Vallée-de-l'Or Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Abitibi-Témiscamingue, in Quebec, in Canada.

This river crosses successively (from the upstream) the cantons of Souart, Moquin and Effiat.

Forestry is the main economic activity of the sector; recreational tourism activities, second.

The Dazemard River Valley is served by the R1015 Forest Road (North-South direction) passing west of the Wetetnagami River Valley; this road joins the road R1051 towards the North (East-West direction).

The surface of the Dazemard River is usually frozen from early November to mid-May, however, safe ice circulation is generally from mid-November to mid-April.

Senneterre
Senneterre (French pronunciation: [sɛntɛʁ]) is a town in the Abitibi-Témiscamingue region of northwestern Quebec, Canada. It is in La Vallée-de-l'Or Regional County Municipality.

There are three schools in the town: St-Paul elementary school, Chanoine-Delisle elementary school and La Concorde High school. The town centre is mainly surrounded by Parent Lake and Tiblemont Lake. The main street of the town is called Avenue 10e (10th Avenue). The arena is named Centre sportif André Dubé. The economy of the town is mainly based on forestry.
Ferlin
Ferlin is both a given name and a surname.

Notable people with the given name include:

Ferlin Husky (1925–2011), American singer

Ferlin C. A. Sangma, Indian politician

Notable people with the surname include:

Brian Ferlin (born 1992), American ice hockey player

Klemen Ferlin (born 1989), Slovenian handball player

Nils Ferlin (1898–1961), Swedish poet and lyricist

Ferlin Husky
Ferlin Eugene Husky (December 3, 1925 – March 17, 2011) was an American country music singer who was equally adept at honky-tonk, ballads, spoken recitations, rockabilly and pop tunes.

From 1948 to 1953, he recorded under the stage name Terry Preston. He also created and recorded as the comic, outspoken hayseed character, Simon Crum. In the 1950s and '60s, his hits included "Gone" and "Wings of a Dove", each reaching number one on the country charts. Between 1953 and 1975, he had 11 top 10 hits, two dozen top 20 hits and a total of 50 songs in Billboard magazine's top 100 country songs. His versatility and matinee-idol looks propelled a seven-decade entertainment career. In 2010, he was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame.
Wu Kwang
Wu Kwang Soen Sa Nim (1950–present), born Richard Shrobe, is head Zen teacher at Chogye International Zen Center of New York, a practice center of the Kwan Um School of Zen. Before coming to Zen practice Richard studied Hinduism under Swami Satchidananda. He is a social worker who incorporates Gestalt therapy in his counseling. In 1975 Wu Kwang began his Zen practice and received Dharma transmission from Seung Sahn in 1993. He is also a jazz musician.

Dharma transmission
In Chan and Zen Buddhism, dharma transmission is a custom in which a person is established as a "successor in an unbroken lineage of teachers and disciples, a spiritual 'bloodline' (kechimyaku) theoretically traced back to the Buddha himself." The dharma lineage reflects the importance of family-structures in ancient China, and forms a symbolic and ritual recreation of this system for the monastic "family".

In Rinzai-Zen, inka shōmei (印可証明) is ideally "the formal recognition of Zen's deepest realisation", but practically it is being used for the transmission of the "true lineage" of the masters (shike) of the training halls. There are only about fifty to eighty of such inka shōmei-bearers in Japan.

In Sōtō-Zen, dharma transmission is referred to as shiho, and further training is required to become an oshō.