hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tsachy Weissman
Tsachy (Itschak) Weissman is a professor of electrical engineering at Stanford University. He is the founding director of the Stanford Compression Forum. His research interests include information theory, statistical signal processing, their applications, with recent emphasis on biological applications, in genomics in particular, lossless compression, lossy compression, delay-constrained and complexity-constrained compression and communication, network information theory, feedback communications, directed information, the interplay between estimation theory and information theory, entropy, noise reduction (denoising), filtering, prediction, sequential decision making, learning, and connections with probability, statistics, and computer science.

He was the senior technical advisor to HBO's Silicon Valley, and namesake of the Weissman score therein.

On his personal website, Weissman has spoken out against intimidation and sexual harassment in the information theory community.

Directed information
Directed information is an information theory measure that quantifies the information flow from the random string   to the random string . The term directed information was coined by James Massey and is defined as

where  is the conditional mutual information .

Directed information has applications to problems where causality plays an important role such as the capacity of channels with feedback, capacity of discrete memoryless networks, capacity of networks with in-block memory, gambling with causal side information, compression with causal side information, real-time control communication settings, and statistical physics.
Huangtai railway station
36°41′17″N 117°02′47″E﻿ / ﻿36.68815°N 117.04637°E﻿ / 36.68815; 117.04637

Huangtai railway station (Chinese: 黄台站; pinyin: Huángtái zhàn) is a railway station in Licheng District, Jinan, Shandong, China. The station was established in 1904 and the station building was erected in 1905 as part of the German Shandong Railway ("Schantung Eisenbahn"). The station was originally known as "Jinanfu East" ("Tsinanfu-Ost").

Huangtai railway station has been placed on the list of Major historical and cultural sites protected by Shandong Province in 2006 (site number 3-252).

Qingdao–Jinan railway
The Qingdao–Jinan railway or Jiaoji Railway (simplified Chinese: 胶济铁路; traditional Chinese: 膠濟鐵路; pinyin: Jiāojì Tiělù, formerly the Shantung Railway)  is a railway in Shandong Province, China. The railway is 393 kilometres (244 mi) in length and connects Qingdao, on the Jiaozhou Bay, and Jinan, the provincial capital of Shandong.  Adolph von Hansemann and other German financiers funded construction of the railway, then known as Schantung Eisenbahn Gesellschaft (Shantung Railway Company), which began September 23, 1899, and was completed in 1904. Since the quadruple tracking of this corridor with the opening of the parallel Qingdao–Jinan passenger railway, the line is mostly used for freight with some conventional passenger services.
Damien Hancock
Damien Hancock (born 10 March 1965) is an Irish soccer referee from Dublin. He has been on the National League panel since 1995, and regularly referees matches at the top level of the League of Ireland.

He was fourth official for the 2002 FAI Cup Final, and in March 2006 refereed the League of Ireland Cup Final at Belfield Park between UCD and Derry City, which Derry won 2-1.

In Europe, he was fourth official for the UEFA Cup match between Valur and Brøndby IF on 27 July 2006, which finished 0-0.

On 3 December 2006 he took charge of his first FAI Cup Final, but the last for the 86-year-old trophy, as a new one was to be introduced for 2007. Derry City beat St Patrick's Athletic 4-3 in the Final, in very windy conditions. This match was also the last soccer game to be played at the old Lansdowne Road before its redevelopment.

University College Dublin A.F.C.
University College Dublin Association Football Club, known commonly as UCD, is the football team of University College Dublin. They play in the League of Ireland First Division. Founded in 1895, the club was elected to the League of Ireland in 1979 under the management of Dr. Tony O'Neill. Since the 2008 season they have played at the UCD Bowl, also home to the college's rugby team. 'The Students' play in bright sky blue and navy. Their reserve and freshers teams play in the Leinster Senior League. The current manager is Donegal native William O'Connor.
Hervé Madore
Hervé Madore (born 29 June 1953) is a former French slalom canoeist who competed from the mid-1970s to the mid-1980s. He won a silver medal in the C-1 team event at the 1981 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships in Bala.

1981 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships
The 1981 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships were held in Bala, Wales, Great Britain from July 15-24 under the auspices of the International Canoe Federation. It was the 17th edition. The mixed C2 event was reinstated after not being held at the previous championships.
Helen Beatty Noland
Helen Beatty Noland (née Helen Hagerman Beatty; c. 1907 – April 15, 1962) was an American civil servant and politician. She was a state legislator in Colorado who represented La Plata County, from 1927 to 1930; and also worked for many years at the Colorado State Board of Public Health.

Noland began her career as a Republican, but many years later she changed parties to Democrat out of admiration of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. She was married to James M. Noland, a district judge. They lived in Durango, Colorado.

She, Kittie Brighton, and Annah G. Pettee sponsored a bill in 1929 to allow physicians to provide information on birth control. Noland also supported a bill in 1929 that supported equality for women.

Durango, Colorado
Durango is the home rule city that is the county seat of and the most populous municipality of La Plata County, Colorado, United States. The city population was 19,071 at the 2020 United States census. Durango is the home of Fort Lewis College.
Asperula virgata
Asperula virgata, the rod-shaped woodruff, is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is endemic to Turkey, and is found in Erzurum and Artvin provinces. It can be found on limestone scree, between elevations of 700–1,100 m. It is threatened by overgrazing, road construction, dam construction and erosion.

Erzurum Province
Erzurum Province (Turkish: Erzurum ili) is a province and metropolitan municipality in the Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. Its area is 25,006 km2, and its population is 749,754 (2022). The capital of the province is the city of Erzurum. It is the fourth largest province in all of Turkey. It is bordered by the provinces of Kars and Ağrı to the east, Muş and Bingöl to the south, Erzincan and Bayburt to the west, Rize and Artvin to the north and Ardahan to the northeast. The governor of the province is Mustafa Çiftçi, appointed in August 2023. The province has a Turkish majority.
Waders (footwear)
Waders denotes a waterproof boot or overalls extending from the foot to the thigh, the chest or even the neck. They are traditionally made from vulcanised rubber, but available in more modern PVC, neoprene and Gore-Tex variants. Waders are generally distinguished from counterpart waterproof boots by shaft height; the hip boot extending to the thigh and the Wellington boot to the knee. For the sake of emphasis, therefore, waders are sometimes defined by the extent of their coverage as thigh waders, chest waders or full-body waders. As a drysuit variant, full-body waders come with leaktight cuffs or gloves fitted to the sleeves and with a leaktight collar or hood fitted to the neck, enabling the wearer to remain dry when standing or walking in deeper water. Waders are available with boots attached or can have attached stocking feet (usually made of the wader material), to wear inside boots, or inside swimfins in the case of float tube fishing.

Neoprene
Neoprene (also polychloroprene) is a family of synthetic rubbers that are produced by polymerization of chloroprene. Neoprene exhibits good chemical stability and maintains flexibility over a wide temperature range. Neoprene is sold either as solid rubber or in latex form and is used in a wide variety of commercial applications, such as laptop sleeves, orthopaedic braces (wrist, knee, etc.), electrical insulation, medical gloves, liquid and sheet-applied elastomeric membranes or flashings, and automotive fan belts.
Peter Mark
Peter Mark is an Irish hairdressing chain founded in June 1961 by brothers Peter and Mark Keaveney. The first shop they opened was on the first floor of 87 Grafton Street, Dublin. It opened a second salon at 72 Grafton Street in 1964, and a third at Stillorgan Shopping Centre in 1966. It opened its first unisex salon on North Earl Street, Dublin in 1970, and its first training school in 1971. By 1989, the business had 50 salons around the island of Ireland, which  grew to 69 by 2025. The company  operates is own hairdresser training schools, and recruits approximately 100 apprentices each year for its three-year training programme.

In 2019 their profits were reported to have increased. Following the 2020 Coronavirus pandemic, they increased prices and closed one branch. The business is still operated by members of the Keaveney family.

Grafton Street
Grafton Street (Irish: Sráid Grafton) is one of the two principal shopping streets in Dublin city centre — the other being Henry Street. It runs from St Stephen's Green in the south (at the highest point of the street) to College Green in the north (the lowest point).

The street, on the Southside of the city, was developed from a laneway in the early 1700s, and its line was shaped by the now-culverted River Steyne. Initially, a fashionable residential street with some commercial activity, the character of Grafton Street changed after it was connected to Carlisle Bridge and came to form part of a cross-city route. It suffered from dilapidation and prostitution through the 19th century, with several run-down buildings. During the 20th century, it became known for the coffee house Bewley's, mid- and up-market shopping, and as a popular spot for buskers. It has been assessed as one of the most expensive main retail streets in the world on which to rent.
The Art of Getting Along
The Art of Getting Along (Italian: L'arte di arrangiarsi) is a 1954 comedy film directed by Luigi Zampa and starring Alberto Sordi. Following Difficult Years and Easy Years, it is the third and final chapter in the trilogy about Italian politics under the continuing shadow of fascism conceived by Vitaliano Brancati. In the person of an unprincipled Sicilian rogue, it delivers a satirical portrait of Italian society from 1913 to 1953.

In 2008, the film was included on the Italian Ministry of Cultural Heritage’s 100 Italian films to be saved, a list of 100 films that "have changed the collective memory of the country between 1942 and 1978."

Ministry of Culture (Italy)
The Ministry of Culture (Italian: Ministero della Cultura - MiC) is the ministry of the Government of Italy in charge of national museums and maintenance of historical monuments. MiC's headquarters are located in the historic Collegio Romano Palace (via del Collegio Romano 27, in central Rome) and the current Minister of Culture is Alessandro Giuli.
Wannan
Wannan is a name given to the southern part of Anhui province, China. 'Wan' (皖) is an alternative designation for Anhui. The region includes Ma'anshan (except Hanshan and He County), Wuhu (except Wuwei County), Tongling, Xuancheng, Huangshan and Chizhou. The region corresponds to the part of Anhui south of the Yangtze. Wannan has a distinctive culture from the rest of Anhui, having its own dialect and cuisine, and is known for tea cultivation. Compared to the rest of Anhui, the region is much more mountainous.

Tongling
Tongling (simplified Chinese: 铜陵; traditional Chinese: 銅陵; pinyin: Tónglíng; Wade–Giles: T'ung-ling; lit. 'Copper Hillock') is a prefecture-level city in southern Anhui province of China. A river port along the Yangtze River, Tongling borders Wuhu to the east, Chizhou to the southwest and Anqing to the west.

As of the 2020 census, its population was 1,311,726 inhabitants whom 842,675 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made of 3 urban districts.
At the end of 2024 and the beginning of 2025, the permanent population will be 1.302 million. The asteroid 12418 Tongling was named after the city.
İsmet Atlı
İsmet Atlı (1931, Çukurören, Adana – 4 April 2014, Adana) was a Turkish Olympic medalist sports wrestler in the Light heavyweight class and a trainer. He won the gold medal in Men's Freestyle wrestling at the 1960 Olympics.

He was born 1931 in Çukurören village of Kozan district in Adana Province of southern Turkey. He began wrestling in 1950 and was trained by the renowned wrestlers Celal Atik and Yaşar Doğu. He performed at the national level 62 times in his wrestling career, which lasted until 1964.

İsmet Atlı competed at several international wrestling events successfully in both wrestling styles and participated at three consecutive Olympic Games in 1952, 1956 and 1960.

After his retirement from the active sports in 1962, İsmet Atlı acted as a trainer. He also worked as a sports journalist.

Adana Province
Adana Province (Turkish: Adana ili) is a province and metropolitan municipality of Turkey located in central Cilicia. The administrative seat of the province is the city of Adana, home to 78.25% of the residents of the province. Its area is 13,844 km2, and its population is 2,274,106 (2022). It is also closely associated with other Cilician provinces of Mersin, Osmaniye, and (northern) Hatay.
Warren Hudson
Warren Hudson (May 25, 1962 – February 16, 2012) was a player in the Canadian Football League (CFL). He was the Grey Cup's Most Valuable Canadian in 1990. He died of brain cancer on February 16, 2012, at age 49.

Dick Suderman Trophy
The Dick Suderman Trophy (French: Trophée Dick Suderman) for the Grey Cup's Most Valuable Canadian is awarded annually to the Canadian player deemed to have the best performance in the Grey Cup game, the championship of the Canadian Football League. This award is presented before the Grey Cup trophy is presented.

The winner does not necessarily have to play for the Grey Cup winning team in order to qualify.

The award was introduced at the 1971 Grey Cup, and the first winner was Dick Suderman, a Canadian defensive end. A year later, just six weeks before the playing of the 1972 Grey Cup, Suderman collapsed and died from a brain hemorrhage after playing a regular season game; the trophy was subsequently renamed in his honour.
Celeste Beard
Celeste Beard Johnson (born February 13, 1963), more commonly known as Celeste Beard, is an American convicted murderer who is serving a life sentence at the Christina Melton Crain Unit in Gatesville, Texas, for the 1999 murder of her millionaire husband, Steven Beard.

Christina Melton Crain Unit
The Christina Melton Crain Unit (formerly the Gatesville Unit) is a Texas Department of Criminal Justice prison for females in Gatesville, Texas. The prison is along Texas State Highway 36, 3 miles (4.8 km) north of central Gatesville. The unit, with about 1,317 acres (533 ha) of space, is co-located with the Hilltop Unit, the Dr. Lane Murray Unit, and the Linda Woodman Unit. Nearby also is the Mountain View Unit, which houses all Texas female inmates on death row. Crain Unit's regular program houses around 1,500 women, and it is one of Texas's main prisons for women. Female prison offenders of the TDCJ are released from this unit. With a capacity of 2,013 inmates, Crain is the TDCJ's largest female prison.
Greek defense modernization plan (2025–2036)
The Greek defense modernization plan (2025–2036) is a 12-year strategic plan of the Greek government aimed to upgrade its military, making it one of Europe's most advanced ones, at a cost of €25 billion. Regarded as the largest defense investment in modern Greek history, the plan has two major factors, creating high-tech capabilities while increasing the domestic defense industry.

Government of Greece
The Government of Greece (Greek: Κυβέρνηση της Ελλάδας, romanized: Kyvérnīsī tīs Elládas), officially the Government of the Hellenic Republic (Κυβέρνηση της Ελληνικής Δημοκρατίας, Kyvérnīsī tīs Ellīnikī́s Dīmokratías) is the collective body of the Greek state responsible to define and direct the general policy of the country. It exercises the executive powers alongside the president of the republic and it is constituted by the cabinet (officially: ministerial council) which is composed by the prime minister, the ministers and the deputy ministers.

Other collective government bodies, apart from the Ministerial Council, are the Committee on Institutions, the Government Council for Foreign Affairs and Defence and others, which manage particular government policy issues.
Square lattice
In mathematics, the square lattice is a type of lattice in a two-dimensional Euclidean space. It is the two-dimensional version of the integer lattice, denoted as ⁠⁠. It is one of the five types of two-dimensional lattices as classified by their symmetry groups; its symmetry group in IUC notation as p4m, Coxeter notation as [4,4], and orbifold notation as *442.

Two orientations of an image of the lattice are by far the most common. They can conveniently be referred to as the upright square lattice and diagonal square lattice; the latter is also called the centered square lattice. They differ by an angle of 45°. This is related to the fact that a square lattice can be partitioned into two square sub-lattices, as is evident in the colouring of a checkerboard.

Checkerboard
A checkerboard (American English) or chequerboard (British English) is a game board of checkered pattern on which checkers (also known as English draughts) is played. Most commonly, it consists of 64 squares (8×8) of alternating dark and light color, typically green and buff (official tournaments), black and red (consumer commercial), or black and white (printed diagrams). An 8×8 checkerboard is used to play many other games, including chess, whereby it is known as a chessboard. Other rectangular square-tiled boards are also often called checkerboards. In The Netherlands, however, a dambord (checker board) has 10 rows and 10 columns for 100 squares in total (see article International draughts).
Macdonaldite
Macdonaldite is a rare barium silicate mineral with a chemical formula of BaCa4Si16O36(OH)2·10H2O. Macdonaldite was first described in 1965 and named for Gordon A. Macdonald (1911–1978) an American volcanologist at the University of Hawaii.

Macdonaldite crystallises in the orthorhombic system. Macdonaldite is anisotropic with low relief.

Macdonaldite appears as veins and fracture coatings in a sanbornite and quartz bearing metamorphic rock. Macdonaldite was first described in 1965 for an occurrence near the Big Creek-Rush Creek area in Fresno County, California. It has also been reported from Mariposa and Tulare counties in California; and from a quarry in San Venanzo, Umbria, Italy.

Tulare County, California
Tulare County (/tʊˈlɛəri/ ⓘ tuu-LAIR-ee) is a county located in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 473,117. The county seat is Visalia. The county is named for Tulare Lake, once the largest freshwater lake west of the Great Lakes. Drained for agricultural development, the site is now in Kings County, which was created in 1893 from the western portion of the formerly larger Tulare County.

Tulare County comprises the Visalia-Porterville, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area. The county is located south of Fresno, spanning from the San Joaquin Valley east to the Sierra Nevada.

Sequoia National Park is located in the county, as is part of Kings Canyon National Park, in its northeast corner (shared with Fresno County), and part of Mount Whitney, on its eastern border (shared with Inyo County). As of the 2020 census, the population was 473,117, up from 442,179 at the 2010 census.
VFW-Fokker H3 Sprinter
The VFW-Fokker H3 Sprinter  was a single-engined experimental rotorcraft designed and built in West Germany. Two aircraft were produced by VFW-Fokker in the early 1970s, registered D-9543 and D-9544. Intended as the first of a family of tip-jet driven helicopters the two H3 prototypes flew briefly but the method of rotor propulsion was found to be unsuccessful for this size of aircraft. Due to a high rotor overspeed, they could perform jump take-offs to 280 feet (85 m) at a rate of 1,600 feet (490 m) per minute.  An improved H4 variant was designed but not built.

VFW-Fokker
VFW-Fokker GmbH was a joint venture of Fokker and Vereinigte Flugtechnische Werke (VFW) started in 1969 that, from then on, controlled the ERNO initiative.

The Entwicklungsring Nord (Northern development circle) — abbreviated ERNO — was a 1961 joint venture of Bremen-based Weserflug and Focke-Wulf with Hamburger Flugzeugbau to develop parts for rockets and get involved in space activities.
Edimmu
The edimmu, read incorrectly sometimes as ekimmu, were a type of utukku in the Mesopotamian religion of Sumer, Akkad, Assyria and Babylonia,  similar in nature to the preta of the Hindu religions or the jiangshi of Chinese mythology.  They were envisioned as the ghosts of those who were not buried properly.  They were considered vengeful toward the living and might possess people if they did not respect certain taboos, such as the prohibition against eating ox meat.  They were thought to cause disease and inspire criminal behavior in the living, but could sometimes be appeased by funeral repasts or libations.  The edimmu were also thought to be completely or nearly incorporeal, "wind" spirits that sucked the life out of the susceptible and the sleeping (most commonly the young).

Sumer
Sumer (/ˈsuːmər/ SOO-mər) is the earliest known civilization, located in the historical region of southern Mesopotamia (now south-central Iraq), emerging during the Chalcolithic and early Bronze Ages between the 5th and 4th millennium BC. Like nearby Elam, it is one of the cradles of civilization, along with Egypt, the Indus Valley, the Erligang culture of the Yellow River valley, Caral-Supe, and Mesoamerica. Living along the valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, Sumerian farmers grew an abundance of grain and other crops, a surplus of which enabled them to form urban settlements. The world's earliest known texts come from the Sumerian cities of Uruk and Jemdet Nasr, and date to between c. 3350 – c. 2500 BC, following a period of proto-writing c. 4000 – c. 2500 BC.
Ruth Aguilera
Ruth V. Aguilera is a Boston-based management science scholar, known by the wider public for her research on the monitoring and transformation of global corporate governance to enhance global business performance. She is the Distinguished Darla and Frederick Brodsky Trustee Professor in Global Business at the D'Amore-McKim School of Business at Northeastern University, as well as a visiting professor at ESADE Business School in her hometown, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.

Organizational behavior
Organizational behavior or organisational behaviour (see spelling differences) is the "study of human behavior in organizational settings, the interface between human behavior and the organization, and the organization itself". Organizational behavioral research can be categorized in at least three ways:

individuals in organizations (micro-level)

work groups (meso-level)

how organizations behave (macro-level)

Chester Barnard recognized that individuals behave differently when acting in their organizational role than when acting separately from the organization. Organizational behavior researchers study the behavior of individuals primarily in their organizational roles. One of the main goals of organizational behavior research is "to revitalize organizational theory and develop a better conceptualization of organizational life".