hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Astrapotheriidae
Astrapotheriidae is an extinct family of herbivorous South American land mammals that lived from the Late Eocene (Mustersan SALMA) to the Middle Miocene (Laventan SALMA) 37.71 to 15.98 million years ago. The most derived of the astrapotherians, they were also the largest and most specialized mammals in the Tertiary of South America. There are two sister taxa: Eoastrapostylopidae and Trigonostylopidae.

Around 1900, Argentine paleontologist Florentino Ameghino described eight Colhuehuapian (Early Miocene) species from specimens he found south of Lake Colhué Huapi in Patagonia and grouped them into three genera: Parastrapotherium, Astrapotherium, and Astrapothericulus. It was obvious to Ameghino that these species represented a great diversity, ranging in size from a peccary to a rhinoceros, but his description was based entirely on fragmentary and not always comparable dental remains. Other expeditions to Patagonia have subsequently recovered considerably more complete materials.

Colhuehuapian
The Colhuehuapian age is a period of geologic time (21.0–17.5 Ma) within the Early Miocene epoch of the Neogene, used more specifically within the SALMA classification in South America. It follows the Deseadan and precedes the Santacrucian age.
Dan Duffy (artist)
Dan Duffy is an American calligram artist in Flourtown, Pennsylvania, USA. He founded, owns, and operates Art of Words, a small business that designs and sells calligram prints depicting famous athletes, sports venues, city skylines, and other subjects.

Flourtown, Pennsylvania
Flourtown is a census-designated place (CDP) in Springfield Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania. Flourtown is adjacent to the neighborhoods of Erdenheim, Oreland, Whitemarsh, and Chestnut Hill. The population of Flourtown was 4,538 at the 2010 census. Its ZIP code is 19031.
1995 UCI Track Cycling World Championships
The 1995 UCI Track Cycling World Championships were the World Championship for track cycling. They took place in Bogotá, Colombia from September 26 to 30. Twelve events were contested, eight for the men and four for the women at the Velódromo Luis Carlos Galán. There were three events held at the championships for the first time: men's team sprint (women's team sprint followed in 2007), men's madison and women's 500 m time trial. They replaced the men's tandem and men's stayers events.

In the same period, the 1995 UCI Road World Championships were organized in Duitama, Colombia.

UCI Track Cycling World Championships – Women's team sprint
Women's team sprint is a track cycling event contested by teams of two women cyclists prior to 2021, and teams of three women since that point. It was introduced as an annual world championship event in 2007. It was added to the Olympic programme in 2012. The format consists of two rounds: in the first round, teams compete against the clock to set a qualifying time. The top four teams go through to the final round, where the first and second placed teams compete against each other in the gold medal race-off and the third and fourth teams compete against each other in the bronze medal race-off.

As of 2025, Germany has been the most successful team, having won the event eight times, and placed third four times. Pauline Grabosch is the most successful cyclist in the event's history, with five gold medals.
Miss Grand International
Miss Grand International, also known as Miss Grand, is an international beauty pageant franchise that is based in Thailand. It consists of the annual national pageant Miss Grand Thailand, as well as the international competition Miss Grand International, to which participating rights are licensed to organizers in other countries. The franchise has been owned and run by a Thai stock exchange-listed company with the same name, also known as MGI PCL, since its inception in 2013, with Nawat Itsaragrisil as the president.

The current Miss Grand International is Emma Mary Tiglao of the Philippines. Her title marked the first back-to-back victory in Miss Grand International history.

Administrative division
Administrative divisions (also administrative units, administrative regions, subnational entities, or constituent states, as well as many similar generic terms) are geographical areas into which a particular independent sovereign state is divided. Such a unit usually has an administrative authority with the power to take administrative or policy decisions for its area. Administrative divisions are often used as polygons in geospatial analysis.
Chagres Formation
The Chagres Formation (Tc) is a geologic formation in the Colón Province of central Panama. The sandstones and siltstones were deposited in a shallow marine environment and preserve fossils dating back to the Middle to Late Miocene (Tortonian to Messinian, Clarendonian to Hemphillian in the NALMA classification) period.

North American land mammal age
The North American land mammal ages (NALMA) establishes a geologic timescale for North American fauna beginning during the Late Cretaceous and continuing through to the present. These periods are referred to as ages or intervals (or stages when referring to the rock strata of that age) and were established using geographic place names where fossil materials were obtained.
2022 SWAC men's basketball tournament
The 2022 SWAC men's basketball tournament was the postseason men's basketball tournament for the 2021–22 season in the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC). The tournament was held March 9–12, 2022. The tournament winner, the Texas Southern Tigers, received the conference's automatic invitation to the 2022 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament. The tournament was sponsored by Cricket Wireless.

Cricket Wireless
Cricket Wireless LLC is an American prepaid wireless service provider, wholly owned by AT&T. It provides wireless services to 13 million subscribers in the United States as of 2022. Cricket Wireless was founded in March 1999 by Leap Wireless International. AT&T acquired Leap Wireless International in March 2014, and later merged Cricket Wireless operations with Aio Wireless. Cricket Wireless competes primarily against T-Mobile's Metro by T-Mobile, EchoStar's Boost Mobile, and Verizon's Visible in the prepaid wireless segment.
Sarikishti
Sarikishti (Russian: Сарикишти; Tajik: Сарикиштӣ, formerly: 40-Solagii Tojikiston) is a village and jamoat in Tajikistan. It is located in Rudaki District, one of the Districts of Republican Subordination. The jamoat has a total population of 38,474 (2015).

Districts under Central Government Jurisdiction
Districts under Central Government Jurisdiction, also translated as Districts under Republican Subordination (Russian: Районы республиканского подчинения; Tajik: Ноҳияҳои тобеи ҷумҳурӣ, romanized: Nohiyahoyi tobe’i jumhuriy), is a region in Tajikistan, consisting of 9 districts and 4 district-level cities that are directly under central administration. Dushanbe, the capital of Tajikistan, is surrounded by the Districts under Central Government Jurisdiction, but not part of it. The region shares a border with Dushanbe, Sughd, GBAO, Khatlon, Kyrgyzstan (Batken and Osh regions) and Uzbekistan (Surxondaryo). The region covers an area of 28,500 square kilometres, and has a total population of 2,165,900 (2020). The Districts' ethnic composition in 2010 was 85% Tajik and 11.7% Uzbek.
2025 ABN AMRO Open – Doubles
Simone Bolelli and Andrea Vavassori defeated Sander Gillé and Jan Zieliński in the final, 6–2, 4–6, [10–6] to win the men's doubles title at the 2025 Rotterdam Open.

Wesley Koolhof and Nikola Mektić were the reigning champions, but Koolhof retired from professional tennis at the end of 2024. Mektić partnered Michael Venus, but they lost in the quarterfinals to Sander Gillé and Jan Zieliński.

Petr Nouza
Petr Nouza (born 9 September 1998) is a Czech professional tennis player who specializes in doubles. He has a career high ATP doubles ranking of world No. 44 achieved on 9 February 2026 and a career high singles ranking of No. 536 achieved on 5 August 2019. Nouza has won two ATP Tour and 10 ATP Challenger doubles titles
2013–14 ISU Speed Skating World Cup – World Cup 2 – Women's 500 metres
The women's 500 metres races of the 2013–14 ISU Speed Skating World Cup 2, arranged in the Utah Olympic Oval, in Salt Lake City, United States, were held on November 15 and 16, 2013.

Lee Sang-hwa of South Korea won both races, breaking the world record both times. Wang Beixing of China and Heather Richardson of the United States took the silver and bronze medals in race one, while Zhang Hong of China won the Division B race.

In race two, Richardson advanced one position, taking the silver medal behind Lee, while Olga Fatkulina of Russia took the bronze. Jennifer Plate of Germany won the second Division B race.

Zhang Hong (speed skater)
Zhang Hong (Chinese: 张虹; pinyin: Zhāng Hóng; Mandarin pronunciation: [ʈʂáŋ xʊ̌ŋ]; born 12 April 1988), alternatively spelled as Chang Hung is a Chinese long track speed skater, known best from her gold medal in the 1000 meters in the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi.

Previously Zhang won a bronze medal in the 2012 World Sprint Championships. She set two personal records and received bronze medal in the 500 meters (28 January 2012). Her total points record for the championships (all four races) was the third best of all times. She started her skating career in 2008 and had victories in the Chinese National Winter Games 2012 where she represented the People's Liberation Army delegation.

Zhang is the current holder of the Chinese records on 500 and 1000 metres. In 2018, she became a member of the International Olympic Committee (IOC). She is an executive board member of the Chinese Olympic Committee.
Phat Planet
"Phat Planet" is a song by the English electronic group Leftfield, taken from their album Rhythm and Stealth, released in 1999. It is built on an insistent, two-note bassline, and the heavily distorted vocal of "Phat Planet", spoken by Neil Barnes. It was not released as a single, but was used on the "Surfer" advert for Guinness.

Bassline
Bassline (also known as a bass line or bass part) is the term used in many styles of music, such as blues, jazz, funk, dub and electronic, traditional, and classical music, for the low-pitched instrumental part or line played (in jazz and some forms of pop music) by a rhythm section instrument such as the electric bass, double bass, cello, tuba or keyboard (piano, Hammond organ, electric organ, or synthesizer).

In unaccompanied solo performance, basslines may simply be played in the lower register of any instrument while melody and/or further accompaniment is provided in the middle or upper register. In solo music for piano and pipe organ, these instruments have an excellent lower register that can be used to play a deep bassline. On organs, the bass line is typically played using the pedal keyboard and massive 16' and 32' bass pipes.
Markowitz
Markowitz is a Germanized/Yiddish version of Slavic name Markovich. Notable people with the surname include:

Deborah Markowitz, Vermont secretary of state

Gerald Markowitz, American historian

Harry Markowitz, a financial economist and Nobel Laureate

John Markowitz, professor of psychiatry at Weill Cornell Medical College

Kate Markowitz, American singer-songwriter

Marty Markowitz, Brooklyn borough president

Mitch Markowitz, Canadian television executive

Nicholas Markowitz (1984–2000), American murder victim

Phil Markowitz, a pianist

William Markowitz, American astronomer

Murder of Nicholas Markowitz
Nicholas Samuel Markowitz (September 19, 1984 – August 9, 2000) was an American teenager who was kidnapped and murdered at the age of 15 after a feud over drug money between his half-brother Benjamin Markowitz and Jesse James Hollywood.
Lichen simplex chronicus
Lichen simplex chronicus (LSC) is thick leathery skin with exaggerated skin markings caused by sudden itching and excessive rubbing and scratching. It generally results in small bumps, patches, scratch marks and scale. It typically affects the neck, scalp, upper eyelids, ears, palms, soles, ankles, wrists, genital areas and bottom. It often develops gradually and the scratching becomes a habit.

Scratch reflex
The scratch reflex is an automatic response to the activation of sensory neurons located on the surface of the body. Sensory neurons can be activated via stimulation, such as a parasite on the body, but can also be activated by responding to a chemical stimulus that produces an itching sensation. During a scratch reflex, a limb reaches toward and rubs against the site on the body surface that has been stimulated.  The scratch reflex has been extensively studied to understand the functioning of neural networks in vertebrates. Despite decades of research, key aspects of the scratch reflex are still unknown, such as the neural mechanisms by which the reflex is terminated.
J-STAGE
J-STAGE (Japan Science Technology Information Aggregator, Electronic) is an electronic journal platform for Japanese academic journals.

It supports the submission of manuscripts, peer‐reviewing, page‐layouting and dissemination of electronic journals published in Japan.  The site provides free access to full text electronic journals, proceedings, and reports from various Japanese scientific societies.

Book scanning
Book scanning or book digitization (also: magazine scanning or magazine digitization) is the process of converting physical books and magazines into digital media such as images, electronic text, or electronic books (e-books) by using an image scanner. Large scale book scanning projects have made many books available online. Digital books can be easily distributed, reproduced, and read on-screen. Image scanners may be manual or automated. After scanning, software adjusts the document images by lining it up, cropping it, picture-editing it, and converting it to text and final e-book form. Scanning resolution for book digitization varies depending on the purpose and nature of the material. High-end scanners capable of thousands of pages per hour can cost thousands of dollars. Projects like Project Gutenberg, Million Book Project, Google Books, and the Open Content Alliance scan books on a large scale. Image scanners may be manual or automated.
Rafael Armenteros
Rafael Armenteros (1922 – 5 March 2004) was a Spanish particle physicist, who was one of the leading figures in CERN's various bubble chamber experiments. Armenteros got his physics degree from Imperial College London in 1946, and began his scientific career at the University of Manchester. After working on cosmic rays with Blackett and Butler, and later with  Leprince-Ringuet at École Polytechnique, he subsequently worked at CERN with Charles Peyrou.

Armenteros is best known for the method he co-devised with Jiří Podolský in 1953–1954. This technique is used in the analysis of the dynamics of two-body V decays and the relevant representation of data is known as an Armenteros-Podolansky plot. These plots were among the first few public results from the LHC experiments, since K0S and (anti-)lambda particles studied this way provide good examples for the demonstration of the performance of the tracking systems.

Lambda baryon
The lambda baryons (Λ) are a family of subatomic hadron particles containing one up quark, one down quark, and a third quark from a higher flavour generation, in a combination where the quantum wave function changes sign upon the flavour of any two quarks being swapped (thus slightly different from a neutral sigma baryon, Σ0). They are thus baryons, with total isospin of 0, and have either neutral electric charge or the elementary charge +1.
Douglas L. Dorset
Douglas (Doug) L. Dorset (August 29, 1942 – December 8, 2016) was an American crystallographer who, along with Jerome Karle, pioneered the field of electron crystallography.

Dorset studied chemistry at Juniata College in Pennsylvania, and obtained his Ph.D. at University of Maryland, Baltimore in biophysics under Albert Hybl in 1973. He worked at Roswell Park Cancer Institute and at Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute. In 2000, he moved to ExxonMobil, where he investigated the structure of wax crystals and how these change in the presence of modifiers.

Dorset received the A. L. Patterson Award from the American Crystallographic Association in 2002.

Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute
The Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute (HWI) was an independent, not-for-profit, biomedical research facility located in the Buffalo Niagara Medical Campus affiliated with the University at Buffalo.  Its focus is on structural biology with a strong history in methods development and the application of X-ray crystallography in fundamental studies.. In 2025 it merged with the University at Buffalo.
Heraclea (Aeolis)
Heraclea or Herakleia (Ancient Greek: Ἡράκλεια), also transliterated as Heracleia, was a town of ancient Aeolis. It was opposite to Hecatonnesi. This town and the neighbouring Coryphantis are called villages of the Mytilenaeans. The town may also have carried the names Elateia, Idale, and Itale during Roman times.

Its site is located near Ayvalık, Asiatic Turkey.

Ayvalık
Ayvalık (Turkish: [ˈajvaɫɯk]) is a municipality and district of Balıkesir Province, Turkey. Its area is 305 km2, and its population is 75,126 (2024). It is a seaside town on the northwestern Aegean coast of Turkey. The town centre is connected to Cunda Island by a causeway and is surrounded by the archipelago of Ayvalık Islands, which face the nearby Greek island of Lesbos.

Under the Ottomans Ayvalık had a flourishing olive-oil-production industry and the chimneys of the old factories can still be seen about town. In modern times production has revived in a smaller-scale boutique format.

Daily ferries operate between Ayvalık and Mytilene on nearby Lesbos Island, Greece, during the summer with a reduced service in winter.

The nearest airport to Ayvalık is Balıkesir Koca Seyit Airport (EDO) near Edremit.
Alsodes gargola
Alsodes gargola, with the common name Tonchek spiny-chest frog, is a species of frog in the family Alsodidae. It is endemic to Argentina, where it occurs in northern Patagonia.

This species is a semi-aquatic frog living around alpine lakes and streams. It overwinters for 8 months of the year and the tadpoles overwinter beneath the ice and snow. The species is threatened by exotic trout, but the populations are probably not yet in decline. The frog has been seen in at least three protected areas: Nahuel Huapi National Park, Los Alerces National Park, and Lago Puelo National Park.

Alsodes gargola adults and tadpoles have the ability to tolerate and adapt to low conductivity water and extreme overwintering conditions indicating that it could have the highest tolerance to overwintering compared to other frogs.

Lago Puelo National Park
The Lago Puelo National Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional Lago Puelo) is a national park of Argentina, located in the northwest of the province of Chubut, in the Patagonia region of South America. It has an area of 276.74 square kilometres (68,380 acres). It was created to protect its scenic landscape and the Valdivian flora to augment that of the nearby Los Alerces National Park.  Originally an annex to Los Alerces, it was declared a National Park and independent reserve in 1971.

The protected area is named after the Puelo Lake, and belongs to the Patagonic forest and steppes and High Andes eco-regions.

The mountainous zone where the park lies was modified by the action of glaciers, which created many rivers and lakes, including Puelo Lake the namesake of the park. The rivers of the region have high levels of glacier sediment (silt), which gives Puelo Lake its blue color.
Grabina Wola
Grabina Wola [ɡraˈbina ˈvɔla] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Czarnocin, within Piotrków County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) north-west of Czarnocin, 21 km (13 mi) north of Piotrków Trybunalski, and 25 km (16 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź.

Piotrków Trybunalski
Piotrków Trybunalski ([ˈpʲɔtrkuf trɨbuˈnalskʲi] ⓘ; also known by alternative names), often simplified to Piotrków, is a city in central Poland with 71,252 inhabitants (2021). It is the capital of Piotrków County and the second-largest city in the Łódź Voivodeship.

Founded in the late Middle Ages, Piotrków was once a royal city and holds an important place in Polish history; the first parliament sitting was held here in the 15th century. It then became the seat of a Crown Tribunal, the highest court of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. The city also hosted one of Poland's oldest Jewish communities, which was entirely destroyed by the Holocaust. The old town in Piotrków features many historical and architectural monuments, including tenements, churches, synagogues and the medieval Royal Castle.
Lanescot
50°22′01″N 4°42′00″W﻿ / ﻿50.367°N 4.700°W﻿ / 50.367; -4.700
Lanescot (Cornish: Lysnestek) is a village in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is in a former mining area, about four miles (6 km) east-northeast of St Austell and four miles (6 km) west-northwest of Fowey. The Saints' Way long-distance footpath passes through Lanescot.

Saints' Way
The Saints' Way (Cornish: Forth an Syns) is a long-distance footpath in mid Cornwall that connects the coastal towns of Padstow and Fowey.

The Saints' Way follows a possible reconstructed route taken by early traders and Christian travellers making their way between Ireland and Mainland Europe. Rather than risk the difficult passage around Land's End, they could disembark from ships on the coast of Cornwall and progress over land to other coast ports such as Fowey on foot.
Charles Castle
Charles Castle (26 May 1939 – 5 October 2013) was a South African-born  tap dancer, writer and television producer.

Castle produced two documentaries, This Was Richard Tauber for Omnibus on BBC One and This Was Noël Coward, which won the International Critics' Award at the Monte-Carlo Television Festival. He wrote about Folies Bergère and celebrities, including Noël Coward, Joan Crawford, Oliver Messel, and Margaret, Duchess of Argyll.

Castle died at Montcabirol, a hamlet dedicated to the development of Physical Mediumship near Mirepoix, France where he lived with his friends Kevin Lawrenson (Spiritual Healer) and Thomas Morris (Physical Medium)

Omnibus (British TV programme)
Omnibus is a British documentary series broadcast mainly on BBC One. The programme was the successor to the arts-based series Monitor. It ran from 1967 until 2003, usually being transmitted on Sunday evenings. During its 35-year history, the programme won 12 British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) awards.
Dust mask
A dust mask is a flexible paper pad held over the nose and mouth made for protection against chronically toxic nuisance dusts, like from occupational exposure to plant dusts like hay. They are not intended to provide protection from most airborne hazards.  The European FFP1 mask, the lowest-grade standard available in the jurisdiction, is an example of a dust mask, being only certified to remove ~80% of dusts and mists.

Dust masks are used in environments with dusts encountered during construction or cleaning activities, biological hazards from farming, or sweeping. A dust mask can also be worn in environments with allergens such as tree and grass pollen.

Dust
Dust is made of fine particles of solid matter. On Earth, it generally consists of particles in the atmosphere that come from various sources such as soil lifted by wind (an aeolian process), volcanic eruptions, and pollution.

Dust in homes is composed of about 20–50% dead skin cells. The rest, and in offices and other built environments, is composed of small amounts of plant pollen, human hairs, animal fur, textile fibers, paper fibers, minerals from outdoor soil, burnt meteorite particles, and many other materials which may be found in the local environment.