hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
German submarine U-242
German submarine U-242 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.

The submarine was laid down on 30 September 1942 at the Friedrich Krupp Germaniawerft yard at Kiel as yard number 676, launched on 20 July 1943 and commissioned on 14 August under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Karl-Wilhelm Pancke.

After training with the 5th U-boat Flotilla at Kiel, she went to the 3rd flotilla to work operationally from 1 June 1944. She then returned to the 5th flotilla on 6 July and moved to the 8th flotilla for operations on 1 August. She was reassigned to the 5th flotilla a third time from 16 February 1945.

In seven patrols, U-242 sank two ships totalling 2,095 gross register tons (GRT) and an auxiliary warship of 500 GRT.

She was sunk by a mine in the St. George's Channel on 5 April 1945.

5th U-boat Flotilla
The 5th U-boat Flotilla (German 5. Unterseebootsflottille), also known as Emsmann Flotilla, was a U-boat flotilla of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.

The flotilla was formed in December 1938 in Kiel under the command of Korvettenkapitän Hans-Rudolf Rösing. It was named in honour of Oberleutnant zur See Hans Joachim Emsmann, a U-boat commander during World War I, who died on 28 October 1918 after his U-boat UB-116 was sunk by a mine. The flotilla was disbanded in January 1940 and the boats were all transferred to 1st Flotilla.

The flotilla was re-formed as "5th U-boat Flotilla" in June 1941 under the command of Kapitänleutnant Karl-Heinz Moehle as a training flotilla with her base in Kiel. In 1946 Moehle was sentenced to five years in prison, after being found guilty of passing the Laconia Order to new U-boat commanders before they went out on patrol. He was released in November 1949.
William Hoffman (author)
Henry William Hoffman (May 16, 1925 – September 12, 2009) was an American writer who published thirteen novels and four books of short stories and two plays. He was born in West Virginia but spent his formative years in southwestern Virginia.

William Hoffman was the recipient of the 1992 John Dos Passos Prize. In 1996 he was awarded the O. Henry Prize, and in 1999 he received the Dashiell Hammett Award for the book Tidewater Blood.  His short story "Dancer," published in The Sewanee Review, won the 1989 Andrew Lytle Prize. He wrote mysteries towards the end of his career. His first novel, The Trumpet Unblown, reflected his horrific experiences as a medic in World War II.

O. Henry Award
The O. Henry Award is an annual American award given to short stories of exceptional merit. The award is named after the American short-story writer O. Henry.

The PEN/O. Henry Prize Stories is an annual collection of the year's twenty best stories published in U.S. and Canadian magazines. Along with The Best American Short Stories, the O. Henry Prize Stories is one of the two "best-known annual anthologies of short fiction."

Until 2002 there were first, second, and third prize winners and from 2003 to 2019 there were three jurors who each selected a short story of special interest or merit; the collection is called The PEN/O. Henry Prize Stories, and the original collection was called Prize Stories 1919: The O. Henry Memorial Awards.
John McKenna (flautist)
John McKenna (January 6, 1880 – November 26, 1947) was an Irish-American musician originally from Tents, Tarmon, County Leitrim, midway between Drumkeeran and Drumshanbo. The area is a scenic mountainous area overlooking Lough Allen and the surrounding countryside.

Drumshanbo
Drumshanbo (Irish: Droim Seanbhó, meaning 'ridge of the old cow') is a small town situated in the heart of County Leitrim, Ireland. Drumshanbo is surrounded by a scenic area of soft rolling hills, woodlands, lakes and the Sliabh an Iarainn and Arigna mountains. It is a well preserved town with traditional pubs, shops, and restaurants.
Bo Waterside
Bo Waterside is a town in Grand Cape Mount County, Liberia on the Mano River. It was a key border crossing between Liberia and Sierra Leone until 1990, when it closed after the launch of Charles Taylor's National Patriotic Front of Liberia invasion from Sierra Leone. The border crossing officially re-opened in June 2007 in an official ceremony involving government officials, humanitarian workers and significant amounts of foreign press coverage.

Mano River
The Mano River is a river in West Africa. It rises in the Guinea Highlands in Liberia and forms part of the Liberia-Sierra Leone border.

The districts through which the river flows include the Parrot's Beak area of Guinea, Liberia's Lofa County and the Kono and Kailahun District of Sierra Leone. Diamond mining is a major industry in these areas. Control of the area's wealth and the instability of the national governments of all three countries led to a series of violent conflicts involving these districts in the 1990s (See Sierra Leone Civil War, First Liberian Civil War, Second Liberian Civil War).

Liberia and Sierra Leone founded the Mano River Union in 1973. Guinea joined in 1980. It was reactivated in 2004 as a customs and economic union; Côte d'Ivoire joined in 2008.
Marines F.C.
Marines Football Club is an association football club from Gisenyi, Rwanda. The team currently competes in the Rwanda National Football League, and plays its home games at the Umuganda Stadium.

They also had a basketball section, that won the National Basketball League (NBL) in 2007.

Rwanda Basketball League
The Rwanda Basketball League (RBL) (formerly the National Basketball League Rwanda) is the top professional basketball league in Rwanda. Its season usually runs from November to September. The winners of the NBL season qualify for the qualifiers for the Basketball Africa League (BAL).

The league currently consists of 10 teams, most of them being from the country's capital Kigali. The current champion of the RBL are APR, who are the league’s most decorated team with a record 16 championships. Other notable teams are REG and their rivals Patriots, who have been powerhouses in recent years.

Since the 2021–22 season, the FERWABA also organises the RBL Division 2 to which the bottom two teams of the RBL relegate.
Riley Armstrong
Riley Armstrong is the name of:

Riley Armstrong (ice hockey) (born 1984), Canadian hockey player

Riley Armstrong (musician) (born 1976), Canadian Christian singer and songwriter
Riley Armstrong (album), the eponymously named music album by Riley Armstrong

Riley Armstrong (album)
Riley Armstrong is the self-titled debut album of Christian singer-songwriter Riley Armstrong, released in 2000 (see: 2000 in music). It marked the replacement of his stage name Plain Edson with his real name.  Riley had previously released the album Novel Reason under his pseudonym.  Riley Armstrong also marked the debut of newly formed Flicker Records.  The album includes a cover of Simon and Garfunkel's "Bridge over Troubled Water."
Kōzō-ji (Kisarazu, Chiba)
Kōzō-ji (高蔵寺) is a Buddhist temple located in the Yana neighbourhood of the city of Kisarazu, Chiba Prefecture, Japan.  It belongs to the  Shingon-shu Buzan-ha sect and its honzon is a statue of Sho-Kannon Bosatsu (Āryāvalokiteśvara).  The temple's full name is Heiya-san Kōzō-ji (平野山 笠森寺).The temple is the 30th stop on the Bandō Sanjūsankasho pilgrimage route. The temple is also known as the "Takakura Kannon", and amulets issued by the temple are highly valued throughout Japan.

Higan
Higan (彼岸; lit. "distant shore") is a Buddhist holiday exclusively celebrated by Japanese sects for seven days; three days before and after both the Spring equinox (shunbun) and Autumnal equinox (shūbun). It is observed by nearly every Buddhist school in Japan. The tradition extends from mild weather that occurs during the time of equinoxes, though the origin of the holiday dates from Emperor Shōmu in the 8th century. People who normally worked in the fields had more leisure time to evaluate their own practices, and to make a renewed effort to follow Buddhism. The seasons beginning to change is a symbol that Buddhists should change their lives in order to reach enlightenment. Today, special services are usually observed in Japanese Buddhist temples, and Japanese temples abroad, based on the particular Buddhist tradition or sect.
Verkh-Gondyr
Verkh-Gondyr (Russian: Верх-Гондыр) is a rural locality (a village) in Bolshegondryskoye Rural Settlement, Kuyedinsky District, Perm Krai, Russia. The population was 234 as of 2010. There are 3 streets.

Perm Krai
Perm Krai (Russian: Пе́рмский край, romanized: Permskiy kray, IPA: [ˈpʲɛrmskʲɪj ˈkraj]; Komi-Permyak: Перем ладор, romanized: Perem lador) is a federal subject of Russia (a krai), located in Eastern Europe. Its administrative center is Perm. The population of the krai was 2,532,405 (2021 Census).

The krai was formed on 1 December 2005 as a result of the 2004 referendum on the merger of Perm Oblast and Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug. Komi-Permyak Okrug retained its autonomous status within Perm Krai during the transitional period of 2006–2008. It also retained a budget separate from that of the krai, keeping all federal transfers. Starting in 2009, Komi-Permyak Okrug's budget became subject to the budgeting law of Perm Krai. The transitional period was implemented in part because Komi-Permyak Okrug relied heavily on federal subsidies, and an abrupt cut would have been detrimental to its economy.

The final period of the Paleozoic era, the Permian, is named after the Perm region.
Ashlee Matthews
Ashlee Matthews is an American politician, a Democrat, she is a member of the Utah House of Representatives representing District 37.

Matthews was the leading vote getter in November 2020, over incumbent Eric Hutchings who had held the position for 18 years. Matthews received 6,114 votes to Hutchings' 5,733. Hutchings had received only 118 more votes than his opponent in 2018.

Matthews, who has worked in the construction department of the Utah Department of Transportation since 2011, ran on a platform to support working-class families, including affordable day care, better public transportation and livable wages. She is a supporter of congressional term limits.

During the 2022 General Session, Matthews served on the Business, Economic Development, and Labor Appropriations Subcommittee, House Business and Labor Committee, House Transportation Committee, and the Occupational and Professional Licensure Review Committee

Utah House of Representatives
The Utah House of Representatives is the lower house of the Utah State Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Utah. The House is composed of 75 representatives elected from single member constituent districts. Each district contains an average population of 44,000 people. Members of the House are elected to two-year terms without term limits. The House convenes at the Utah State Capitol in Salt Lake City.
Claude Lister
Claude Frederick Owen Lister (13 October 1911 – 19 April 1988) was a British tennis player and coach.

An Essex county player, Lister featured regularly at the Wimbledon Championships through the 1930s to 1950s. He twice reached the third round in singles, including in 1949 when he was the last Briton remaining in the draw.

Lister, known for his strong serve, won the Surrey singles championships in Surbiton in 1947.

In 1958 he began a long stint as non-playing captain of the South Africa Davis Cup team. He was captain of South Africa's only Davis Cup title winning side in 1974, secured after India refused to compete in the final due to the apartheid policy. This made South Africa the first Davis Cup champions outside the four grand slam hosting nations.

Lister was married to tennis player Thelma Jarvis. They had a son born in 1949.

Surrey Championships
The Surrey Championships  also known as the Surrey Grass Court Championships  and the Surrey County Championships was a men's and women's international tennis event originally founded in 1882 as the Berrylands Club Tournament. In 1890 the former tournament's name was changed to the Surbiton Open that featured the first Surrey County Championships. The tournament was first played in Richmond then later in Surbiton, Surrey, England on outdoor grass courts. It ran for 73 editions from 1890 to 1981 and after a period of 18 years re-emerged as the Surbiton Trophy.
Jatun Rumi
Jatun Rumi (Quechua jatun big, rumi stone, "big stone") is a mountain in the Andes of Bolivia which reaches a height of approximately 4,360 m (14,300 ft). It is located  in the Potosí Department, Nor Chichas Province, Cotagaita Municipality.

Potosí Department
Potosí (Spanish pronunciation: [potoˈsi]; Quechua: P'utuqsi; Aymara: Putusi) is a department in southwestern Bolivia. Its area is 118,218 km2 and its population is 856,419 (2024 census). The capital is the city of Potosí. 
It is a mostly barren, mountainous region with one large plateau to the west, where the largest salt flat in the world, Salar de Uyuni, is located.

Cerro Potosí was the richest province in the Spanish Empire, providing a great percentage of the silver that was shipped to Europe.

Potosi is also the location of the San Cristóbal silver, zinc and lead mines, developed by the US company Apex Silver Mines Limited of Colorado and sold in November 2008 to the Japanese Sumitomo Corporation.
Mark de Berg
Mark de Berg is a Dutch computational geometer, known as one of the authors of the textbook Computational Geometry: Algorithms and Applications (with Otfried Cheong, Marc van Kreveld, and Mark Overmars, Springer, 1997; 3rd ed., 2008).

De Berg completed his Ph.D. in 1992 at Utrecht University. His dissertation, Efficient Algorithms for Ray Shooting and Hidden Surface Removal, was supervised by Mark Overmars.
He is a professor of computer science at the Eindhoven University of Technology.

With David Mount, de Berg was co-chair of the 2003 Symposium on Computational Geometry.

Eindhoven University of Technology
The Eindhoven University of Technology (Dutch: Technische Universiteit Eindhoven; TU/e) is a public technical university in the Netherlands, situated in Eindhoven. In 2020–21, around 14,000 students were enrolled in its BSc and MSc programs and around 1350 students were enrolled in its PhD and EngD programs. In 2021, the TU/e employed around 3900 people.

TU/e is the Dutch member of the EuroTech Universities Alliance, a partnership of European universities of science & technology. The other members are Technical University of Denmark (DTU), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), École Polytechnique (L’X), The Technion, and Technical University of Munich (TUM).
Sophia Skou
Sophia Skou (born 1 December 1975 in Copenhagen) is a Danish former butterfly swimmer, who twice competed in the Summer Olympics for her native country: in 1996 and 2000.

Skou was Denmark's leading swimmer in the 1990s, together with Mette Jacobsen. Skou was mainly successful in the short course (25m) events, although she won the bronze medal in the 200m butterfly at the European LC Championships 1995 in Vienna, Austria.

Swimming at the 1996 Summer Olympics
The swimming competition at the 1996 Summer Olympics was held at the Georgia Tech Aquatic Center in Atlanta, United States. There were 762 competitors from 117 countries. This was the last Olympics where swimming B-finals were held.

At the time of the games, the facility had a temporary 50 m warm-up pool located behind the locker rooms and entry concourse (on the ground); as well as a temporary roof, and open walls (there were wall-like structures/curtains at the diving well and turning end of the pool). The open walls allowed for temporary seating to be in place during the games. A wall and new roof have since been placed on the facility.

A total of 4 world records and 13 Olympic records were set during the competition

The women's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay made its debut at these Games.
Snelling & Hewitt station
Snelling & Hewitt is a bus rapid transit station on the Metro A Line in Saint Paul, Minnesota.

The station is located at the intersection of Hewitt Avenue on Snelling Avenue. Both station platforms are located far-side of Hewitt Avenue.

The station opened June 11, 2016 with the rest of the A Line.

Metro A Line (Minnesota)
The Metro A Line is a bus rapid transit route in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul region of Minnesota, operated by Metro Transit as part of the Metro rapid transit network. The A Line operates a north-south route along Snelling Avenue, connecting 46th Street station in Minneapolis and Rosedale Center in Roseville, via Ford Parkway and the Intercity Bridge.

Metro Transit describes the A Line's service as "arterial bus rapid transit" (aBRT), which includes off-board fare collection, enhanced bus stops, and transit signal priority. The history of the Snelling Avenue transit corridor dates to 1905, when Twin City Rapid Transit streetcar service began. Streetcars were replaced by buses in 1952, and planning for upgraded bus service on the corridor began in the early 2000s. Construction cost approximately $27 million, and A Line service began in 2016.
Gong Hwang-cherng
Gong Hwang-cherng (traditional Chinese: 龔煌城; simplified Chinese: 龚煌城; pinyin: Gōng Huángchéng) (1934–2010) was a Taiwanese linguist who specialized in Sino-Tibetan comparative linguistics and the phonetic reconstruction of Tangut and Old Chinese.

He was born on 10 December 1934 at Yunlin County in Taiwan, and graduated from National Taiwan Normal University in 1958 with a degree in English. He earned his PhD in 1975 from Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich in Germany, and was a research fellow and later professor at Academia Sinica in Taiwan. He was elected an honorary member of the Linguistic Society of America in 2001, and an academician of Academia Sinica in 2002. In 2006, he received a life achievement award from the Linguistic Society of Taiwan.

Yunlin County
Yunlin is a county in western Taiwan. Yunlin County borders the Taiwan Strait to the west, Nantou County to the east, Changhua County to the north at the Zhuoshui River, and Chiayi County to the south at the Beigang River. It has a population of 664,963 as of 2022.

Yunlin is part of the Chianan Plain, a flat land known for its agriculture. Agricultural products of Yunlin County include pomelo, tea leaves, suan cai, papaya and melon. Yunlin's rivers give it potential for hydroelectricity. Douliu is the largest and capital city of Yunlin. It is the only county on the main island of Taiwan where no city with the same name exists. Yunlin is one of the least developed counties on the West coast, and suffers from emigration.
You So Crazy
You So Crazy is a 1994 stand up comedy film directed by Thomas Schlamme and starring Martin Lawrence. It was his first major film and stand-up act. Lawrence wears a black, leather suit in the film similar to the wardrobe worn by Eddie Murphy in his films Delirious and Raw.

During the routine, Lawrence comments on various topics such as his success, growing up, sexual acts and racism. The concert was filmed at the Majestic Theatre in 1993 in New York City before a sold-out crowd.  Martin followed You So Crazy up with Martin Lawrence Live: Runteldat in 2002.

You So Crazy helped Lawrence breakout during the early 1990s.  The film went on to become a success for Lawrence, generating over $10 million at the box office. The film also gained popularity thanks to late night airings on HBO and Cinemax.

The film originally received an NC-17 rating from the MPAA, causing Miramax (the film's original distributor) to sell it to Samuel Goldwyn, which released it unrated.

Miramax
Miramax, LLC, formerly known as Miramax Films, is an American film and television production and distribution company owned by Qatari state-owned beIN Media Group and Paramount Pictures. Based in Los Angeles, California, it was founded in 1979, by brothers Harvey and Bob Weinstein.

Miramax was a leading producer and distributor of independent films until it was acquired by The Walt Disney Company on June 30, 1993. In 2010, Disney sold Miramax to Filmyard Holdings, a joint venture of Colony NorthStar, Tutor-Saliba Corporation and Qatar Investment Authority. In March 2016, Miramax was sold to beIN Media Group, which later sold a 49% stake to ViacomCBS (now known as Paramount Skydance) on April 3, 2020.
Guntakal railway division
Guntakal railway division is one of the six divisions of South Central Railway zone (SCR) of the Indian Railways. The headquarters of the division is at Guntakal. This division is second in terms of route kilometres after Secunderabad railway division.

Guntakal will be part of South Coast Railway zone, as per the proposal in 2019.

Guntakal
Guntakal, natively known as Guntakallu, is a city in Anantapur district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is the headquarters of Guntakal mandal and Guntakal revenue division.It is also the headquarters of the Guntakal Railway Division in South Central Railway.
AMP—thymidine kinase
In enzymology, an AMP—thymidine kinase (EC 2.7.1.114) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

AMP + thymidine  adenosine + thymidine 5'-phosphate

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are AMP and thymidine, whereas its two products are adenosine and thymidine 5'-phosphate.

This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring phosphorus-containing groups (phosphotransferases) with an alcohol group as acceptor.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is AMP:thymidine 5'-phosphotransferase. This enzyme is also called adenylate-nucleoside phosphotransferase.

Adenosine
Adenosine (symbol A) is an organic compound that occurs widely in nature in the form of diverse derivatives. The molecule consists of an adenine attached to a ribose via a β-N9-glycosidic bond. Adenosine is one of the four nucleoside building blocks of RNA (and its derivative deoxyadenosine is a building block of DNA), which are essential for all life on Earth. Its derivatives include the energy carriers adenosine mono-, di-, and triphosphate, also known as AMP/ADP/ATP. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is pervasive in signal transduction. Adenosine is used as an intravenous medication for some cardiac arrhythmias.

Adenosyl (abbreviated Ado or 5'-dAdo) is the chemical group formed by removal of the 5′-hydroxy (OH) group. It is found in adenosylcobalamin (an active form of vitamin B12) and as a radical in the radical SAM enzymes.
Haddock
The haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) is a saltwater ray-finned fish from the family Gadidae, the true cods. It is the only species in the monotypic genus Melanogrammus. It is found in the North Atlantic Ocean and associated seas, where it is an important species for fisheries, especially in northern Europe, where it is marketed fresh, frozen and smoked; smoked varieties include the Finnan haddie and the Arbroath smokie.  Other smoked versions include long boneless, the filleted side of larger haddock smoked in oak chips with the skin left on the fillet.

Georges Bank
Georges Bank (formerly known as St. Georges Bank) is a large elevated area of the sea floor between Cape Cod, Massachusetts (United States), and Cape Sable Island, Nova Scotia (Canada). It separates the Gulf of Maine from the Atlantic Ocean.

The 1610 Velasco map, prepared for King James I of England, used the name "S. Georges Banck", a common practice when the name of the English patron saint, St. George, was sprinkled around the English-colonized world. By the 1850s, it was known simply as Georges Bank.
Sun Siyin
Sun Siyin (Chinese: 孙思音, born June 6, 1984) is a Chinese former competitive figure skater. She is a four-time (2000–03) Chinese national silver medalist. Her highest placement at an ISU Championship was 11th at the 2003 Four Continents.

Chinese Figure Skating Championships
The Chinese Figure Skating Championships (Chinese: 中国花样滑冰锦标赛) is a senior-level figure skating national championship held by the Chinese Figure Skating Association (Chinese: 中国花样滑冰协会) to determine the Chinese national champions. Skaters compete in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing.