hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Casa Dipinta of Todi
The Casa Dipinta of Todi is a painted former vacation home of the artist Brian O'Doherty and his wife Barbara Novak located at Via delle Mura Antiche #25 at the intersection with Via Santa Prassede, in the historic center Todi, region of Umbria, Italy.

During a visit to the home of the sculptor Beverly Pepper in Todi, O'Doherty and Novak decided to purchase a vacation home in the town. They proceeded to decorate the plastered areas of the previously undistinguished 18th-century home in bright colors, often with primitive and sometimes whimsical trompe-l'œil windows. The artists detailed a more complex explanation for the program of works through the house, which is now on display as a museum.

Todi
Todi (Italian pronunciation: [ˈtɔːdi]; Tuder in antiquity) is a town and comune (municipality) of the province of Perugia (region of Umbria) in central Italy. It is perched on a tall two-crested hill overlooking the east bank of the river Tiber, commanding distant views in every direction. It was founded in antiquity by the Umbri, at the border with Etruria; the gens Ulpia of Roman emperor Trajan came from Todi.
Institute for Law and Politics
The Institute for Law and Politics is an interdisciplinary research institute based at the University of Minnesota Law School.  The Institute for Law and Politics brings together faculty from the Law School and the University of Minnesota Political Science department to study national and international issues at the intersection of law and politics.

The institute's work includes conferences, research and public policy advocacy around issues of election law, campaign finance reform, voting rights, judicial politics, separation of powers and international elections and rule of law.

Separation of powers
The separation of powers principle functionally differentiates several types of state power (usually legislation, adjudication, and execution) and requires these operations of government to be conceptually and institutionally distinct and clearly articulated, thereby maintaining the integrity of each branch. To put this model into practice, government is divided into structurally independent branches to perform various functions (most often a legislature, a judiciary and an administration, sometimes known as the trias politica). When each function is allocated strictly to one branch, a government is described as having a high degree of separation; whereas, when one person or branch plays a significant part in the exercise of more than one function, this represents a fusion of powers. When one branch holds unlimited state power and delegates its powers to other organs as it sees fit, as is the case in communist states, that is called unified power.
Indian Wells Valley
Indian Wells Valley is an arid north–south basin in east-central California. In the geologic sense, it is a southern extension of Owens Valley to the north, with the recent volcanics of the Coso Range being the separator. It is defined by a major fault on the west side of the valley. Unlike Owens Valley, it is bound by a fault to the south, the Garlock Fault (within the El Paso Mountains). The valley is part of California's South Lahontan hydrologic region.

Owens Peak, located west of the Indian Wells Valley, overlooks the basin from the west at 8,452 feet, making it the tallest peak in the southern Sierra Nevada range. Other mountain ranges surrounding the valley include the Argus Range in the east, the Coso Range in the north, and the El Paso Mountains in the south.

Garlock Fault
The Garlock Fault is a left-lateral strike-slip fault running northeast–southwest along the north margins of the Mojave Desert of Southern California, for much of its length along the southern base of the Tehachapi Mountains.
Kouign-amann
Kouign-amann (/ˌkwiːn æˈmɑːn/; Breton: [ˌkwiɲ aˈmãn]; pl. kouignoù-amann) is a sweet, round Breton laminated dough pastry, originally made with bread dough, but is also made with laminated viennoiserie dough, containing layers of butter and incorporated sugar, similar in fashion to puff pastry albeit with fewer layers. It is slowly baked until the sugar caramelizes and steam from the water in the butter expands the dough, resulting in its layered structure. A smaller version, kouignette, is similar to a muffin-shaped, caramelized croissant.

A specialty of the town of Douarnenez in Finistère, Brittany where it originated around 1860, the pastry is attributed to Yves-René Scordia (1828–1878). The name comes from the Breton language words for 'cake' (kouign) and 'butter' (amann), and in 2011 the New York Times described it as "the fattiest pastry in all of Europe."

Caramelization
Caramelization (or caramelisation) is a process of browning of sugar used extensively in cooking for the resulting butter-like flavor and brown color. The brown colors are produced by three groups of polymers: caramelans (C24H36O18), caramelens (C36H50O25), and caramelins (C125H188O80). As the process occurs, volatile chemicals such as diacetyl (known for its intense butter-like taste) are released, producing the characteristic caramel flavor.

Like the Maillard reaction, caramelization is a type of non-enzymatic browning. Unlike the Maillard reaction, caramelization is  pyrolytic, as opposed to being a reaction with amino acids.

When caramelization involves the disaccharide sucrose, it is broken down into the monosaccharides fructose and glucose.
21 Squadron SAAF
21 Squadron SAAF is a squadron of the South African Air Force. It was formed as a bomber squadron in Kenya during World War II and became a VIP transport squadron in the 1960s, a role which it performs to this day. The squadron currently flies two Dassault Falcon 50s, two Cessna Citation IIs, a Dassault Falcon 900 and a Boeing BBJ aircraft. 21 Squadron is one of the most active squadrons in the air force with 606 VIP transport flights being made between 2009 and 2012. The Boeing BBJ is used as the presidential aircraft when the President of South Africa travels and designated callsign LMG1.

Dassault Falcon 50
The Dassault Falcon 50 is a French super-midsize, long-range business jet, featuring a trijet layout with an S-duct air intake for the central engine. It has the same fuselage cross-section and similar capacity as the earlier twin-engined Falcon 20, but was a new design that is area ruled and includes a more advanced wing design.
John Edward Gibben
John Edward Gibben (June 10, 1885 – January 28, 1958) was a lawyer, judge and political figure in the Yukon, Canada. He served as comptroller of Yukon from 1947 to 1950.

He was born in Middlesbrough, England, the son of William Gibben and Eleanor Burman. He came to Canada with his family in 1896 and was educated at the University of Manitoba. Gibben served during World War I. He articled in law with Charles Patrick Wilson and Hugh Amos Robson and was called to the Manitoba bar in 1921. In 1938, Gibben married Ida B. Hume. He served as stipendiary magistrate for the Northwest Territories from 1938 to 1941 and for the Yukon from 1941 to 1947. Gibben was also a prominent freemason. In 1950, he was named judge in the Yukon Territorial Court and served until 1958.

Middlesbrough
Middlesbrough (/ˈmɪdəlzbrə/ ⓘ MID-əlz-brə), colloquially known as Boro, is a port town in the Borough of Middlesbrough, North Yorkshire, England. Lying to the south of the River Tees, it forms part of the Teesside built-up area and the Tees Valley. In 2021, it had a population of 148,215.
Mayoral elections in Charleston, South Carolina
Mayoral elections in Charleston are held every four years to elect the mayor of Charleston, South Carolina.

All Charleston municipal elections are required to be non-partisan, but most candidates can be affiliated with political parties. Charleston uses a two-round system, where election runoffs are held if no candidate obtains the majority of the vote.

Nonpartisanship
Nonpartisanship, also known as nonpartisanism, is a lack of affiliation with a political party and a lack of political bias.

While an Oxford English Dictionary definition of partisan includes adherents of a party, cause, person, etc., in most cases, nonpartisan refers specifically to political party connections rather than being the strict antonym of "partisan".
Sharon Stocker
Sharon (Shari) Stocker is an American archaeologist who is best known, along with her husband, archaeologist Jack L. Davis, for leading an international team of researchers who discovered a previously undisturbed tomb of a Bronze Age warrior in southwest Greece. The 3500 year old intact grave was named the Griffin Warrior Tomb by the research team during the initial excavation in May 2015.

Stocker is currently a senior research associate and the director of publications for the University of Cincinnati's excavations at the Palace of Nestor in Greece. She was a co-director of archaeological surveys in the ancient cities of Epidamnos and Apollonia, Albania. Her professional expertise "lies in the analysis of ceramics of the Middle Bronze Age and Early Greek colonization in the Western Mediterranean."
In 2021 Stocker was named a Commander of the Order of the Phoenix (Greece) by the Hellenic Republic.

Order of the Phoenix (Greece)
The Order of the Phoenix (Greek: Τάγμα του Φοίνικος, romanized: Tágma tou Foínikos) is an order of Greece, established on 13 May 1926, by the republican government of the Second Hellenic Republic to replace the defunct Royal Order of George I.

The order was retained after the restoration of the monarchy in 1935 and continues to be awarded by the current Third Republic.

The honour is bestowed by the Greek government to Greek citizens who have excelled in the arts and literature, science, public administration, shipping, commerce, and industry. It is also awarded to foreigners who have helped raise Greece's international prestige.
V. Krishnamurthy (veterinarian)
Dr. Vaidyanathan Krishnamurthy (1929–2002) was an Indian veterinarian, conservationist and elephant expert. He has governed the Mudumalai and Theppakadu elephant camps. He is popularly referred to as Dr.K, Elephant man or Elephant Doctor (யானை டாக்டர்). He has extensively written articles on the topics of conservation and elephant physiology, and is considered to be a pioneer in the development of Elephant Rejuvenation Camps. He is a member of International Union for the Conservation of Natural Resources and Asian Elephant Specialist Group.

Veterinarian
A veterinarian (vet) or veterinary surgeon is a medical professional who practices veterinary medicine. They manage a wide range of health conditions and injuries in non-human animals. Along with this, veterinarians also play a role in animal reproduction, health management, conservation, husbandry and breeding and preventive medicine like nutrition, vaccination and parasitic control as well as biosecurity and zoonotic disease surveillance and prevention.
Meiogyne trichocarpa
Meiogyne trichocarpa is a species of plants in the custard apple family Annonaceae. It is native to the east coast of Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, Australia, where it inhabits monsoon forest and beach forest at altitudes from sea level up to about 200 m (660 ft). It was first described as a subspecies of Meiogyne cylindrocarpa in 2007, and promoted to species rank in 2014. The Queensland Herbarium still treats this taxon as Meiogyne cylindrocarpa subsp. trichocarpa, and lists it as least concern under the Queensland Government's Nature Conservation Act.

Cape York Peninsula
The Cape York Peninsula is located in Far North Queensland, Australia. It is the largest wilderness in northern Australia. The land is mostly flat and about half of the area is used for grazing cattle. The relatively undisturbed eucalyptus-wooded savannahs, tropical rainforests and other types of habitat are now recognised and preserved for their global environmental significance. Although much of the peninsula remains pristine, with a diverse repertoire of endemic flora and fauna, some of its wildlife may be threatened by industry and overgrazing as well as introduced species and weeds.

The northernmost point of the peninsula is Cape York.
The land has been occupied by a number of Aboriginal Australian peoples for tens of thousands of years. In 1606, Dutch sailor Willem Janszoon on board the Duyfken was the first European to land in Australia, reaching the Cape York Peninsula.
Onyx Cave (Newburg, Missouri)
Onyx Cave, also known as King Cave and Boiling Springs Cave, is a historic natural cave located near Newburg, Pulaski County, Missouri.  The cave consists of the main room measuring approximately 85 feet wide, 250 feet long, and 33 feet high, and two passageways. The cave features translucent cave onyx that is pure white to cream in color, some with reddish-colored banding.  Formations range from the common stalactites, stalagmites, and columns, to beautiful draperies.  An 8 foot by 13 foot vertical shaft was sunk in 1892 to mine the onyx.: 5–6

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.

Pulaski County, Missouri
Pulaski County is a county located in the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the population was 53,955. Its county seat is Waynesville. The county was organized in 1833 and named for Kazimierz Pułaski, a Polish patriot who died fighting in the American Revolution. Pulaski County is the site of Fort Leonard Wood, a U.S. Army training base. It comprises the Fort Leonard Wood, MO Micropolitan Statistical Area which has nearly one-third of the total county population.
March 2024 lunar eclipse
A penumbral lunar eclipse occurred at the Moon’s descending node of orbit on Monday, March 25, 2024, with an umbral magnitude of −0.1304. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened. A penumbral lunar eclipse occurs when part or all of the Moon's near side passes into the Earth's penumbra. Unlike a solar eclipse, which can only be viewed from a relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on the night side of Earth. Occurring about 2.2 days after apogee (on March 23, 2024, at 11:45 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was smaller.

This was the deepest penumbral eclipse overall since May 5, 2023, and the deepest for North and South America since February 11, 2017.

Lunar eclipse
A lunar eclipse, also called a blood moon, is an astronomical event that occurs when the Moon orbits through Earth's shadow.‍‍ Lunar eclipses occur during eclipse season, when the Moon's orbital plane is approximately in line with Earth and the Sun. The type and length of a lunar eclipse depend on the Moon's proximity to the lunar node.‍‍ In contrast with illusive and short-lasting solar eclipses, lunar eclipses can be observed from anywhere on the night side of Earth and often last for an hour or longer. Lunar eclipses are safe to observe without eye protection.

Lunar eclipses are notable for causing the Moon to appear orange or red. This occurs when the Moon passes through the Earth's umbra, necessitating any sunlight that reaches the Moon to first pass through the Earth's atmosphere. The resulting Rayleigh scattering removes high-wavelength colors such as violet and blue from the incoming light before it reflects off the lunar surface and is observed on Earth.
Vette City Roller Derby
Vette City Roller Derby (VCRD) is a women's flat track roller derby league based in Bowling Green, Kentucky. Founded in 2009, the league consists of two teams, which compete against teams from other leagues. Vette City is a member of the Women's Flat Track Derby Association (WFTDA).

Bowling Green, Kentucky
Bowling Green is a city in and the county seat of Warren County, Kentucky, United States. Its population was 72,294 as of the  2020 census, making it the third-most populous city in the state, after Louisville and Lexington. The Bowling Green metropolitan area is the fourth-largest in the state and had a population of 179,639 in 2020.

Founded by pioneers in 1798, Bowling Green was the provisional capital of Confederate Kentucky during the American Civil War. In the 21st century, it is the location of numerous manufacturers, including General Motors, Spalding, and Fruit of the Loom. The Bowling Green Assembly Plant has been the source of all Chevrolet Corvettes built since 1981. Bowling Green is also home to Western Kentucky University (or WKU for short), and the National Corvette Museum.
The Blood Hounds
The Blood Hounds  is a Hong Kong historical drama television series set during the Tang dynasty about three friends, Pei Yi-fei (Francis Ng), Chun-Yu Zi-hong (Andy Tai Chi-wai) and Song Hien (Sam Kam Kwok-wai) and the plot to assist the Emperor's son Li Longji to seize power from Empress Wei. The series was first broadcast on TVB Jade in Hong Kong in 1990, and starred Francis Ng, Andy Tai Chi-wai, Fiona Leung, Josephine Lam, Sam Kam Kwok-wai,  Lily Li and Yeung De-shi.

TVB Jade
TVB Jade (Chinese: 無綫電視翡翠台), or simply Jade, is a Hong Kong Cantonese-language free-to-air television channel owned and operated by Television Broadcasts Limited (TVB) as its flagship service, alongside its sister network, the English-language TVB Pearl. Broadcasting started on 19 November 1967. It is headquartered at TVB City at the Tseung Kwan O Industrial Estate in Tseung Kwan O, in the Sai Kung District. Primarily broadcasting entertainment programming, TVB Jade has historically been the most dominant television channel in the region in terms of viewership, with its closest competitor having been the now-defunct ATV Home.

Jade primarily broadcasts in the Cantonese language; it has also offered programs with alternative audio tracks in Mandarin, English, and other foreign languages. Some shows also offer subtitles in multiple languages.
Michal Plocek
Michal Plocek (17 April 1994 – 28 November 2016) was a Czech rower.

He won a gold medal at the 2012 World Rowing Junior Championships in the single sculls and competed in numerous other international rowing competitions, such as World Cups and European and World Championships.

World Rowing Championships
The World Rowing Championships is an international rowing regatta organized by FISA (the International Rowing Federation). It is a week-long event held at the end of the northern hemisphere summer and in non-Olympic years is the highlight of the international rowing calendar.
Kënga Magjike 2018
Kënga Magjike 2018 was the 20th edition of the annual Albanian music contest Kënga Magjike and was held between 5 December 2018 and 8 December 2018 at the Pallati i Kongreseve in Tirana. The three live shows were hosted by Ardit Gjebrea, Klaudia Pepa and Bora Zemani.

The winner of the contest was Flori Mumajesi with the song titled "Plas". This was his first victory in the contest as a singer though he was additionally the songwriter of the winning entries "Hape Vetën" by Aurela Gaçe in 2007 and "Ma Zgjat Dorën" by Eneda Tarifa in the following 2019 edition.

Eneda Tarifa
Eneda Tarifa (born 30 March 1982) is an Albanian singer and former television presenter. She represented Albania in the Eurovision Song Contest 2016, after winning the 54th edition of Festivali i Këngës and Portokalli from 2011 to 2016.
17473 Freddiemercury
17473 Freddiemercury (provisional designation 1991 FM3) is a stony Massalian asteroid from the inner regions asteroid belt, approximately 3.4 kilometers in diameter. The asteroid was discovered on 21 March 1991, by Belgian astronomer Henri Debehogne at ESO's La Silla Observatory in northern Chile, and later named in memory of Freddie Mercury.

Provisional designation in astronomy
Provisional designation is the naming convention applied to astronomical objects immediately following their discovery. The provisional designation is usually superseded by a permanent designation once a reliable orbit has been calculated. As of 2019, approximately 47% of the more than 1,100,000 known minor planets remain provisionally designated, as hundreds of thousands have been discovered in the last two decades. The modern system is overseen by the Minor Planet Center of the International Astronomical Union.
Villingsberg's shooting range
59°17′22″N 14°42′15″E﻿ / ﻿59.28944°N 14.70417°E﻿ / 59.28944; 14.70417
Villingsberg's shooting range (Swedish: Villingsbergs skjutfält) is a military training field outside Villingsberg in Sweden, between Örebro in Karlskoga and Nora in Kilsbergen, on the border between Närke and Värmland. The range extends north-east and is located in close proximity to Bofors Test Center.

The 2019 IPSC Rifle World Shoot was hosted at the range from 3 to 10 August.

Värmland County
Värmland County (Swedish: Värmlands län) is a county or län in west central Sweden. It borders the Swedish counties of Dalarna, Örebro and Västra Götaland, as well as the Norwegian counties of Østfold, Akershus and Innlandet to the west. The title of Duke of Värmland is claimed by His Royal Highness Prince Carl Philip.
Sunna, Bishop of Mérida
Sunna was an Arian Bishop of Mérida who together with count Segga headed a rising in Lusitania against the Visigothic king Reccared I after Reccared renounced Arianism in favour of Catholicism.

After Claudius, Reccared's dux Lusitaniae, successfully put down the rising Sunna was banished to Mauritania.

Lusitania
Lusitania (/ˌluː.sɪ.ˈteɪ.ni.ə/; Classical Latin: [luːsiːˈtaːnia]) was an ancient Roman province encompassing most of modern-day Portugal (south of the Douro River) and a large portion of western Spain (the present Extremadura and Province of Salamanca). Romans named the region after the Lusitanians, an Indo-European tribe inhabiting the lands.

The capital Emerita Augusta was initially part of the Roman Republic province of Hispania Ulterior before becoming a province of its own during the Roman Empire.

After Romans arrived in the territory during the 2nd century BC, a war with Lusitanian tribes ensued between 155 and 139 BC, with the Roman province eventually established in 27 BC.

In modern parlance, Lusitania is often synonymous with Portugal, despite the Roman province's capital being located in modern Mérida, Spain.
American animation
American animation is any animation created in the United States or by American animators. It has been used as a visual art form for expression, entertainment, news, etc. for over 100 years. The first documented American animation was in 1906 when Vitagraph released Humorous Phases of Funny Faces and has expanded as technology has progressed. Everything from 2-D animation, to modern CGI (Computer-generated imagery) has been represented in American media throughout the years.

Traditional animation
Traditional animation (or classical animation, cel animation, or hand-drawn animation) is an animation technique in which each frame is drawn by hand. The technique was the dominant form of animation of the 20th century in the United States until there was a shift to computer animation in the industry, such as 3D computer animation. Despite this, the process remains commonly used primarily in the form of digital ink and paint for television and film, especially when outsourced.
Baby, We're Really in Love
"Baby, We're Really in Love" is a song written and recorded by Hank Williams and released on MGM Records.  It peaked at number four on the Billboard country singles chart.  It was recorded at Castle Studio in Nashville on July 25, 1951 with Fred Rose producing and backing from Don Helms (steel guitar), Jerry Rivers (fiddle), Sammy Pruett (lead guitar), Howard Watts (bass) and probably Jack Shook (rhythm guitar). It was his fourteenth Top 5 hit.

MGM Records
MGM Records was a record label founded by the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer film studio in 1946 for the purpose of releasing soundtrack recordings (later LP albums) of their musical films. It transitioned into a pop music label that continued into the 1970s. The company also released soundtrack albums of the music for some of their non-musical films as well, and on rare occasions, cast albums of off-Broadway musicals such as The Fantasticks and the 1954 revival of The Threepenny Opera. In one instance, MGM Records released the highly successful soundtrack album of a film made by another studio, Columbia Pictures's Born Free (1966).