hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alwin Max Pappenheimer Jr.
Alwin Max Pappenheimer Jr. (November 25, 1908 – March 21, 1995) was an American biochemist and immunologist.

Pappenheimer was noted for his advances in the field of bacterial toxins and in particular for isolation and analysis of the diphtheria toxin for which he received Eli Lilly Award in 1941. He performed ultracentrifugation-based analysis of diphtheria toxin-antitoxin interactions with Mary Locke Petermann and John Warren Williams at the University of Wisconsin.

Pappenheimer was professor of biology at Harvard University, professor of bacteriology and immunology at New York University, master of Dunster House, a member of the National Academy of Sciences, a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, president of the American Association of Immunologists. He received the 1941 Eli Lilly and Company-Elanco Research Award and the 1990 Paul Ehrlich Prize and Gold Medal.

Eli Lilly and Company-Elanco Research Award
The Eli Lilly and Company-Elanco Research Award was a scientific award presented annually by the American Society for Microbiology (ASM) and sponsored by the Eli Lilly and Company and its subsidiary Elanco (which became an independent company in 2019).

The prize was first awarded in 1936. Recipients were given 5000 US dollars (as of 2011). It honored young scientists under the age of 45. The award's purpose was not to compare the research of the younger scientists to the research of older scientists, but to encourage originality and independent thinking.

The award was discontinued after the last award in 2018. Information about the award can no longer be found on the ASM website.
Susan Folwell
Susan Folwell (born in 1970) is a Native American artist from Santa Clara Pueblo, New Mexico, known for her work in the ceramic industry. Her work ties in Native designs and history and has been used by Folwell to demonstrate her viewpoints on society and politics. Folwell has been described by the Heard Museum as an "innovator in Pueblo pottery".

Her work is held in several permanent collections worldwide and Folwell is also a member of the Southwestern Association for Indian Arts, where she holds the chair position of the arts committee.

Museum of Arts and Design
The Museum of Arts and Design (MAD), based in Manhattan, New York City, collects, displays, and interprets objects that document contemporary and historic innovation in craft, art, and design. In its exhibitions and educational programs, the museum celebrates the creative process through which materials are crafted into works that enhance contemporary life.
Murray Satterfield
Murray Satterfield (March 19, 1926 – April 24, 2013) was an American basketball coach. He was the coach of Boise State University and led their transition to a four-type year program.

A native of Blackfoot, Idaho, Satterfield played college basketball for Vadal Peterson at Utah, where in 1949 he was named to the All-Skyline Conference. Following the close of his college career, he coached high school basketball in his home state before being named head coach at Boise Junior College in 1965. Satterfield led the Broncos from the junior college ranks to the NCAA College Division to NCAA Division I in his time there, earning a College Division NCAA Tournament bid in 1970. He compiled a total record of 134–77 at Boise State.

Satterfield abruptly resigned as the Broncos head coach in-season in January, 1973. He would later coach the College of Idaho from 1975 to 1978.

Satterfield died on April 24, 2013, at age 87.

1970 NCAA College Division basketball tournament
The 1970 NCAA College Division basketball tournament involved 32 schools playing in a single-elimination tournament to determine the national champion of men's NCAA College Division college basketball as a culmination of the 1969-70 NCAA College Division men's basketball season. It was won by the Philadelphia College of Textiles & Science (then-known colloquially as "Philadelphia Textile", later known as Philadelphia University, and now as Thomas Jefferson University) and Tennessee State's Ted McClain was the Most Outstanding Player.

American International College's tournament appearance was later vacated due to NCAA rules violations.
Martin Hlavačka
Martin Hlavačka (born September 21, 1975) is a Czech professional ice hockey player who played with HC Slovan Bratislava in the Slovak Extraliga. He currently plays for HK Nitra. Hlavačka previously played for HC Dukla Trenčín in Slovakia and several teams in Czech Extraliga, namely HC Zlín, HC Karlovy Vary, HC Sparta Praha, HC Bílí Tygři Liberec and HC Slavia Praha. He also played for Ilves Tampere in Finland and Torpedo Yaroslavl in Russia.

HK Dukla Trenčín
Hokejový Klub Dukla Trenčín is a professional Slovak ice hockey club based in Trenčín, playing in the Slovak Extraliga. The club has won three Slovak league championships (1994, 1997, 2004) and one Czechoslovak league championship (1992). The team is nicknamed Vojaci, meaning "Soldiers" in English.
Olaf Skramstad
Olaf Olsen Skramstad (8 March 1894 – 12 November 1956) was a Norwegian politician for the Communist Party.

He was organized in a trade union and the Norwegian Labour Party in 1915. He later joined the Communist Party and was a member of the municipal council of Åmot Municipality from 1926 to 1933. He was the secretary in the Norwegian Union of Forestry and Land Workers from 1929 to 1931. In 1930 he was sentenced to 4 months of jail for participating in the Etna-Dokka labour conflict.

During the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany, he was imprisoned in October 1941. He was incarcerated in Hamar from 26 October to 4 November, then in Grini concentration camp until 3 April 1942, then in Sachsenhausen concentration camp. The communist inmates in the camp formed a caucus of sorts, and Sørum was among the leading members along with Kristian Mugaas, Johan Strand Johansen, Halvor Sørum, Olaf Bjerke and Erling Heiestad.

He died in November 1956 and was buried at Åmot Church.

Grini detention camp
Grini prison camp (Norwegian: Grini fangeleir, German: Polizeihäftlingslager Grini) was a Nazi concentration camp in Bærum, Norway, which operated between 1941 and May 1945. Ila Detention and Security Prison is now located here.
Canis arnensis
Canis arnensis, is an extinct species of canine that was endemic to Mediterranean Europe during the Early Pleistocene. Canis arnensis has been described as a small jackal-like canid. Its anatomy and morphology relate it more to the modern golden jackal (Canis aureus) than to the larger Etruscan wolf of that time. It is probably the ancestor of modern jackals.

Valdarno
The Valdarno is the valley of the river Arno, from Florence to the sea. The name applies to the entire river basin, though usage of the term generally excludes Casentino and the valleys formed by major tributaries.

The valley has been renowned since Renaissance for its fossils, dating from the Pliocene to the Early Pleistocene, including species such as the mammoth Mammuthus meridionalis, and the sabertooth cats Homotherium and Megantereon.

Some towns in the area:

Rignano sull'Arno

Figline e Incisa Valdarno

San Giovanni Valdarno

Montevarchi

Terranuova Bracciolini

Reggello

Castelfranco Piandiscò
Ron Schuler
Ronald Reinhold Schuler is a Canadian politician. He is currently a member of the Manitoba Legislature and a representative of the Progressive Conservative Party (PCs). He was first elected in the 1999 provincial election. and was re-elected in the 2003, 2007, 2011, 2016, 2019 and 2023 elections.

After the PCs won control of the Manitoba government in the 2016 election, Premier of Manitoba Brian Pallister appointed Schuler Minister of Crown Services. On August 17, 2017 he was named Minister of Infrastructure. On December 30, 2021, Premier Heather Stefanson removed Schuler from cabinet for persistently refusing to reveal whether he was vaccinated against COVID-19. On December 17, 2025, Schuler announced he would not seek reelection for an eighth term, but would serve as an MLA until the next election is called.

Premier of Manitoba
The premier of Manitoba (French: premier ministre du Manitoba) is the first minister and head of government for the Canadian province of Manitoba—as well as the de facto President of the province's Executive Council.

In formal terms, the premier receives a commission to form a government from the Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba, who represents the monarch at the provincial level.

The 25th and current premier of Manitoba is Wab Kinew, who was sworn in on October 18, 2023.
Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba candidates in the 1995 Manitoba provincial election
The Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba fielded a full slate of 57 candidates in the 1995 provincial election.  Thirty-one of these candidates were elected, giving the party its second consecutive majority government.  Many candidates have their own biography pages; information about others may be found here.

Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba
The Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba (PC; French: Parti progressiste-conservateur du Manitoba) is a centre-right political party in Manitoba, Canada. It is currently the opposition party in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba, following a defeat in the 2023 provincial election.
Ivanovo, Ruse Province
Ivanovo (Bulgarian: Иваново, pronounced [iˈvanovo]) is a village in northeastern Bulgaria, part of Rousse Province. It is the administrative centre of Ivanovo Municipality, which lies in the central part of Rousse Province.

Ivanovo is located 20 kilometres south of the provincial capital of Rousse, in the eastern Danubian Plain. The village is famous for the Rock-hewn Churches of Ivanovo, a UNESCO World Heritage Site medieval group of monolithic Eastern Orthodox churches, chapels and cave monasteries hewn out of solid rock in the vicinity of Ivanovo. The monastical complex was active from the early 13th to the 17th century.

Monolithic church
A monolithic church or rock-hewn church is a church made from a single block of stone. Because freestanding rocks of sufficient size are rare, such edifices are usually hewn into the ground or into the side of a hill or mountain. They can be of comparable architectural complexity to constructed buildings.

The term monolithic church is used of churches in various countries, not least the complex of eleven churches in Lalibela, Ethiopia, believed to have been created in the 12th century.
Beaujon Hospital
The Beaujon Hospital (French: Hôpital Beaujon) is located in Clichy, Paris, France and is operated by APHDP. It was named after Nicolas Beaujon, an eighteenth-century French banker.  It opened in 1935 and was designed by Jean Walter.

In 2023, the project to merge the Bichat–Claude Bernard Hospital and the Beaujon Hospital to create the Grand Paris-Nord Hospital in Saint-Ouen was cancelled.

Clichy, Hauts-de-Seine
Clichy (/kliːˈʃiː/ klee-SHEE, French: [kliʃi] ⓘ; sometimes unofficially Clichy-la-Garenne [kliʃi la ɡaʁɛn]) is a commune in the northwestern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located on the Seine, 6.4 km (4.0 mi) from the centre of Paris.

Located in Clichy are the headquarters of the L'Oréal Group, the world's largest company in cosmetics and beauty; Bic, one of the biggest pen producers in the world; Monoprix, a major French retail chain; as well as Sony France, a large electronics and media company.
Townend
Townend is a 17th-century house in Troutbeck, in the civil parish of Lakes, north of Windermere, Cumbria, England, and in the ownership of the National Trust. The house was donated to the Trust in 1948; prior to this it was the home of the Browne family, local farmers, for 400 years. Although not the sort of stately home usually associated with the National Trust, it provides an insight into the life of a reasonably wealthy farming family. It is a Grade I listed building.

Lakes, Cumbria
Lakes is a civil parish in the Westmorland and Furness district of Cumbria, England. It covers the town of Ambleside, and the villages and hamlets of Clappersgate, Rydal, Grasmere, Troutbeck, Chapel Stile, Elterwater, Little Langdale and Waterhead.
Millennium City incident
The Millennium City Scandal refers to a military scandal that took place within the Millennium City housing scheme, Athurugiriya, Sri Lanka on 2 January 2002. Widespread media coverage and miscommunication between the Directorate of Military Intelligence and the Sri Lanka Police resulted in the exposure of military covert operations units known as the Long Range Reconnaissance Patrols of the Sri Lanka Army. Identities of its members were classified and known to only to a few high-ranking military officers and the President of Sri Lanka.

Batticaloa
Batticaloa (Tamil: மட்டக்களப்பு, Maṭṭakkaḷappu, IPA: [mɐʈːɐkːɐɭɐpːɯ]; Sinhala: මඩකලපුව, Maḍakalapuwa, IPA: [məɖəkələpuʋə]) is a major city in the Eastern Province, Sri Lanka, and its former capital. It is the administrative capital of the Batticaloa District. The city is the seat of the Eastern University of Sri Lanka and is a major commercial centre.  It is on the east coast, 111 kilometres (69 mi) south of Trincomalee, and is situated on an island. Pasikudah is a popular tourist destination situated 35 km (22 mi) northwest with beaches and flat year-round warm-water shallow-lagoons.
Alejandro Chelén
Alejandro Chelén Rojas (21 September 1912 – 16 May 1990) was a Chilean worker, farmer, journalist and politician. A member of the Socialist Party of Chile, the Popular Socialist Party, and briefly of the Communist Party of Chile, he served as Deputy (1949–1957) and Senator (1957–1965).

Communist Party of Chile
The Communist Party of Chile (Spanish: Partido Comunista de Chile, PCCh) is a communist party in Chile. It was founded in 1912 as the Socialist Workers' Party (Partido Obrero Socialista) and adopted its current name in 1922. The party established a youth wing, the Communist Youth of Chile (Juventudes Comunistas de Chile, JJ.CC), in 1932.
Naoko Fujioka
Naoko Fujioka (藤岡奈穂子, Fujioka Naoko; born 18 August 1975) is a Japanese former professional boxer. She is Japan's first ever five-division world champion, having held the WBA female flyweight title between 2017 and 2022. She also previously held the WBC female minimumweight; WBO female junior-flyweight; WBA female super-flyweight; and WBO female bantamweight titles between 2012 and 2017. Fujioka is a member of the International Women's Boxing Hall of Fame.

Bantamweight
Bantamweight is a weight class in combat sports and weightlifting. For boxing, the range is above 115 lb (52.2 kg) and up to 118 lb (53.5 kg). In kickboxing, a bantamweight fighter generally weighs between 53 and 55 kilograms (117 and 121 lb). In MMA, bantamweight is 126–135 lb (57.2–61.2 kg).

The name for the class is derived from bantam chickens. Brazilian jiu-jitsu has an equivalent Rooster weight.
Tomadoi
"Tomadoi" (とまどい, lit. "Bewildered") is the 37th single by Japanese entertainer Akina Nakamori. Written by Hiromi Mori and Juni, the single was released on September 23, 1998, by Gauss Entertainment under the This One label. It was also the lead single from her 19th studio album Will.

Daiichi Kosho Company
Daiichi Kosho Co., Ltd. (株式会社第一興商) is a Japanese electronics and aircraft manufacturer that was founded in 1973 and is headquartered in Tokyo. As an electronics manufacturer the company specializes in karaoke equipment.
Ton Smits
Ton Smits (February 18, 1921 – August 5, 1981) was a Dutch cartoonist and comic artist.  He was born in Veghel and moved to Eindhoven in 1938. He published his first cartoon in 1941 in the magazine De Humorist using the pseudonym Tommy. In the Helmondse Courant he published the comics Karel Kwiek, Daniel Daazer and Dolly and the jewelry robbery. He drew many political cartoons after his move to Amsterdam in 1947 for Dutch newspapers such as Het Vrije Volk and De Telegraaf.  In 1954 he got a contract with The New Yorker. He won numerous prizes including the Golden Palm at the Salon of Humor in the Italian Bordighera.

He died in Eindhoven in 1981 of throat cancer. There is an annual cartoon prize named for him called the Ton Smits coin. A small museum called the Ton Smits House was created in Eindhoven in the house where Smits lived to display his paintings and cartoons.

De Telegraaf
De Telegraaf (Dutch pronunciation: [də teːləˈɣraːf]; English: The Telegraph) is the largest Dutch daily morning newspaper. Paul Jansen has been the editor-in-chief since August 2015. De Telegraaf is based in Amsterdam and is owned by the Belgian company Mediahuis.
Ray Aguilera
Ray Aguilera (October 27, 1942 – May 9, 2021) was a Pueblo, Colorado, City council member and prominent business man within that community. He was a member of the Democratic party He had been a member from May 23, 2003, and his current term was to expire December 31, 2023. He is the recipient of several local and regional awards. In 2000, he was appointed by then-Governor Bill Owens for a term with the Caring for Colorado Foundation, expiring May 2003. Ray Aguilera was a commissioner representing Colorado for the Education Commission of the States. He served as president and founder of the Pueblo Hispanic Education Foundation, and as a board member of the Latino Chamber of Commerce. He was out-spoken in his support of gays. He frequently also wrote editorials for the Denver Post.

Bill Owens (Colorado politician)
William Forrester Owens (born October 22, 1950) is an American former politician who served as the 40th Governor of Colorado, from 1999 to 2007. A member of the Republican Party, he was re-elected in 2002, amassing 62.6% of the vote, the largest Republican share of the vote in state history. As of 2025, he is the last Republican to serve as and/or be elected Governor of Colorado.
Einar Stang
Einar Stang (18 May 1898 – 5 June 1984) was a Norwegian painter and illustrator. He was born Arendal, educated at the Norges landbrukshøgskole, emigrated to Argentina in 1922, was in Canada and the United Kingdom during the Second World War, then back in Argentina until 1958, when he returned to Norway. During the Second World War Stang served with the exiled Royal Norwegian Air Force in Toronto and London, at the No. 132 Wing RAF. From 1958 he worked as freelance illustrator for various Norwegian newspapers. In his column "Sett og hørt på byen" for Verdens Gang he found motives from the city of Oslo. He was reporter for Dagbladet at Cuba, in the aftermath of the Cuban Revolution, and sports illustrator for Aftenposten. He is represented at the National Gallery of Norway. He died in Oslo in 1984.

Verdens Gang
Verdens Gang (lit. 'The course of the world'), generally known under the abbreviation VG, is a Norwegian tabloid newspaper. In 2016, circulation numbers stood at 93,883, declining from a peak circulation of 390,510 in 2002. Nevertheless, VG is the most-read online newspaper in Norway, with about 2 million daily readers.

Verdens Gang AS is a private company wholly owned by the public company Schibsted ASA.
Big Hits 2012
Big Hits 2012 is a cover band. They had four hits: a pre-release cover version of Sam and the Womp's "Bom Bom" made No. 65 on the UK Singles Chart, Ne-Yo's "Let Me Love You" was taken to No. 61 by them in the form of a pre-release cover version and Lucy Spraggan's tracks "Tea and Toast" and "Last Night" were taken to No. 52 and No. 74 on the UK Singles Chart by them after Spraggan was asked to remove her EP Top Room at the Zoo from iTunes.

Sam and the Womp
Sam and the Womp are a British pop group consisting of trumpeter Sam Ritchie and Dutch-born vocalist Bloem de Ligny, also known as Lady Oo. The band's music mixes traditional elements of Balkan music with modern dub and drum 'n' bass elements. From its formation in 2009 to 2014, the band also included producer Aaron "Audio" Horn, the son of musician and producer Trevor Horn.

The group's debut single "Bom Bom" was released as a digital download on 19 August 2012, and hit number one on the UK Singles Chart. It has sold over a million copies worldwide. In 2012, they signed to Stiff Records and One More Tune.

WOMP Records are trying to create a Vol 2 as well as a Double CD package Featuring Sam.
Russell, Australian Capital Territory
Russell is a suburb of Canberra, Australia in the North Canberra district. Russell is one of the smallest suburbs in Canberra, comprising a number of government offices but with no private residences. It is probably best known for the headquarters of the Australian Defence Force, which is housed in the Russell Offices complex.

Russell is bounded by Morshead Drive, Parkes Way and Constitution Avenue. Mount Pleasant lies just to the east, between Russell and Duntroon (which is part of the suburb of Campbell). The Australian American War Memorial is located in Russell. To the west lie Kings Park and Grevillea Park, on the shore of Lake Burley Griffin.

The suburb name has been associated with the locality for many years; the surveyor Charles Scrivener gave the name 'Russell' to an adjacent trigonometrical station in about 1910 and later adopted the name for an early settlement in the locality. The streets in Russell are named after armed services personnel.

Constitution Avenue, Canberra
Constitution Avenue in a street in Canberra, the capital of Australia.

It forms the municipal axis of Walter Burley Griffin's geometric design for the city, and lies on the northern side of Lake Burley Griffin. It is one of the three sides that make up the boundary of the Parliamentary Triangle.
Barron Collier Bridge
The Barron Collier Bridge is a bridge in Charlotte County, Florida that crosses the Peace River connecting Punta Gorda, Florida and Port Charlotte, Florida.  It is 45 feet tall and carries two northbound lanes of U.S. Route 41 (Tamiami Trail).  The southbound lanes cross the river on the adjacent Gilchrist Bridge.  It was named for Barron G. Collier, a wealthy Southwest Florida land owner and entrepreneur.

Barron Collier
Barron Gift Collier (March 23, 1873 – March 13, 1939) was an American advertising entrepreneur who became the largest private landowner and developer in Florida, as well as the owner of a chain of hotels, bus lines, several banks, newspapers, a telephone company, and a steamship line.
Ringed topos
In mathematics, a ringed topos is a generalization of a ringed space; that is, the notion is obtained by replacing a "topological space" by a "topos". The notion of a ringed topos has applications to deformation theory in algebraic geometry (cf. cotangent complex) and the mathematical foundation of quantum mechanics. In the latter subject, a Bohr topos is a ringed topos that plays the role of a quantum phase space.

The definition of a topos-version of a "locally ringed space" is not straightforward, as the meaning of "local" in this context is not obvious. One can introduce the notion of a locally ringed topos by introducing a sort of geometric conditions of local rings (see SGA4, Exposé IV, Exercise 13.9), which is equivalent to saying that all the stalks of the structure ring object are local rings when there are enough points.

Local ring
In mathematics, more specifically in ring theory, local rings are certain rings that are comparatively simple, and serve to describe what is called "local behaviour", in the sense of functions defined on algebraic varieties or manifolds, or of algebraic number fields examined at a particular place, or prime. Local algebra is the branch of commutative algebra that studies commutative local rings and their modules.

In practice, a commutative local ring often arises as the result of the localization of a ring at a prime ideal.

The concept of local rings was introduced by Wolfgang Krull in 1938 under the name Stellenringe.  The English term local ring is due to Zariski.