hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
CCU delivery
Customer Configuration Updating (CCU) is a software development method for structuring the process of providing customers with new versions of products and updates production. This method is developed by researchers of the Utrecht University.

The delivery phase of the CCU method concerns the process which starts at the moment a product is finished until the actual shipping of the product to the customer.

Component-based software engineering
Component-based software engineering (CBSE), also called component-based development (CBD), is a style of software engineering that aims to construct a software system from components that are loosely coupled and reusable. This emphasizes the separation of concerns among components.

To find the right level of component granularity, software architects have to continuously iterate their component designs with developers. Architects need to take into account user requirements, responsibilities, and architectural characteristics.
PoD Research Institute
PoD Research Institute (Chinese: 民思政策研究所) is a think tank established in 2015 in Hong Kong. Formerly known as Path of Democracy (PoD, Chinese: 民主思路), it is led by former Civic Party legislator Ronny Tong, who joined the Executive Council in 2017. Although officially unaligned with either the pro-Beijing camp or the pro-democracy camp, the group has been supportive of the policies and legislation put forward by the former, and was allowed to join the "patriots-only" legislative election. It no longer viewed itself as a political group after a rebranding in 2025.

Executive Council of Hong Kong
22°16′53″N 114°09′54″E﻿ / ﻿22.281487°N 114.165089°E﻿ / 22.281487; 114.165089

The Executive Council of Hong Kong (ExCo) is the cabinet of the Government of Hong Kong, acting as a formal body of advisers to the Chief Executive of Hong Kong that serves as a core policy-making organ assisting the chief executive. It is analogous to other Executive Councils in the Commonwealth such as the Federal Executive Council of Australia, the Executive Council of New Zealand, and the Privy Council of the United Kingdom.

Under the presidency of the chief executive, the executive council consists of 21 Official Members (the most senior of these being the Chief Secretary of Hong Kong, head of the Government Secretariat and chair of the Policy Committee), and 16 Non-official Members (also known as ministers without portfolio who are normally leading legislators from pro-establishment political parties) headed by the Convenor of the Non-official Members. The Council normally meets once a week.
Sadr al-Din al-Sadr
Sadr al-Din Sadr (Arabic: صدر الدين الصدر; 1882 – 26 November 1953) was the father of Moussa as-Sadr (disappeared in Libya in 1978) and Rabab al-Sadr, and the grandson of the Grand Ayatollah Sadr-eddine bin Saleh after whom the Sadr family of well-known scholars of Twelver Shi'a Islam has been named.

He was the second son of Sayyed Grand Ayatollah Ismail as-Sadr (d.1920). He was born in what is today Iraq to Lebanese parents and led a progressive religious group there. He then migrated to Khorasan where he married the daughter of Grand Ayatollah Hussein al-Qummi (wikidata:Q20557209). Then he left to the Shia center of learning (hawzayi'ilmī) in Qom, Iran, where he became a  Grand Ayatollah. He died on 26 November 1953 in Iran.

Lebanese Shia Muslims
Lebanese Shia Muslims (Arabic: المسلمون الشيعة اللبنانيون), historically and communally known as Matāwila (Arabic: متاولة, plural of متوالي mutawāli; pronounced as متوالي metouéle in Lebanese Arabic), are Lebanese people who are adherents of Shia Islam in Lebanon, which plays a major role alongside Lebanon's main Sunni, Maronite and Druze sects. Shiite Muslims in Lebanon are synonymous with Twelver Shi'ism and are distinguished from Alawites and Isma'ilis.

Today, Shiite Muslims constitute around 31.2% of the Lebanese population per the CIA's World Factbook. Under the terms of an unwritten agreement known as the National Pact between the various political and religious leaders of Lebanon, Shiites are the only sect eligible for the post of Speaker of Parliament.
JK Enum Nanbanin Vaazhkai
JK Enum Nanbanin Vaazhkai (transl. Life of a friend named JK) is a 2015 Indian Tamil-language romantic drama film written and directed by Cheran, which was partially reshot in Telugu as Rajadhi Raja (transl. King of Kings). It stars Sharwanand and Nithya Menen while Prakash Raj and Santhanam play supporting roles. The film featured songs by G. V. Prakash Kumar and film scored by Siddharth Vipin.

After failing to have a theatrical release in late 2013, the Tamil version had a direct-to-video release on 6 March 2015, becoming the first venture in a new initiative launched by Cheran known as Cinema2Home (C2H). The Telugu version had been indefinitely placed on hold, but was later released theatrically on 24 June 2016, with the makers trying to profit from Sharwanand's popularity. Siddharth won the Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Cinematographer.

Karthik Srinivasan
Karthik Srinivasan (/kɑːrθɪk sriːnɪvɑːsən/) is an Indian communications strategy consultant, music critic and blogger. He is the founder of the website ItwoFS, which tracks plagiarism in Indian film music, and Milliblog, where he reviews music albums.
St. Stephen Chrysobull
The St. Stephen Chrysobull (Serbian: Светостефански хрисовуљ/Svetostefanski hrisovulj) or Banjska Chrysobull (Бањска хрисовуља/Banjska hrisovulja) was a chrysobull, charter, issued in 1314–1316[a] by Serbian king Stefan Milutin (r. 1282–1321). It was held at the Banjska monastery founded by Milutin. It is currently held at the Topkapi library in Istanbul.

The Chrysobull describes in detail the expansion of estates which King Milutin gifted to the settlements of Ibar, Sitnica, Laba, in Ras, Hvosna, Plava, Budim, Zeta, and others. It also includes a special section by the name of "Law of Vlachs" which covers the regulations of Vlach cattle breeder obligations on that manor. After the Battle of Kosovo in 1389, the Ottomans pillaged Milutin’s endowment and took the charter in the process, which has been kept in Constantinople since the second half of the 15th century, in the sultan's treasury of Old Saraj.

Charter
A charter is the grant of authority or rights, stating that the granter formally recognizes the prerogative of the recipient to exercise the rights specified. It is implicit that the granter retains superiority (or sovereignty), and that the recipient admits a limited (or inferior) status within the relationship, and it is within that sense that charters were historically granted, and it is that sense which is retained in modern usage of the term. In early medieval Britain, charters transferred land from donors to recipients.

The word entered the English language from the Old French charte, via Latin charta, and ultimately from Greek χάρτης (khartes, meaning "layer of papyrus"). It has come to be synonymous with a document that sets out a grant of rights or privileges.
Reuben Colley
Reuben Colley (born 1976) is a British representational painter primarily recognised for his "gritty" city-scapes and parkland scenes depicting his home town of Birmingham, England. His work is included in the collection of the Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery and private collections both nationally and internationally.

Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery
Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery (BM&AG) is a museum and art gallery in Birmingham, England. It has a collection of international importance covering fine art, ceramics, metalwork, jewellery, natural history, archaeology, ethnography, local history and industrial history.

The museum/gallery is run by Birmingham Museums Trust, the largest independent museums trust in the United Kingdom, which also runs eight other museums around the city. Entrance to the Museum and Art Gallery is free, but some major exhibitions in the Gas Hall incur an entrance fee.
Pigozzi
Pigozzi is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Henri Pigozzi (1898–1964), car merchant and industrialist

Jean Pigozzi (born 1952), Italian businessman, art collector, philanthropist, and photographer

Luciano Pigozzi (born 1927), Italian actor

Luciano Pigozzi
Luciano Pigozzi (10 January 1927 – 14 June 2008), also known professionally as Alan Collins, was an Italian character actor. A long-time staple of Italian genre cinema, Pigozzi was noted for his resemblance to Peter Lorre and appeared in such films as Human Cobras, Yor, the Hunter from the Future, Ivanhoe, the Norman Swordsman, Blood and Black Lace, Libido and perhaps his goriest role in Baron Blood.

Born in Novellara, province of Reggio Emilia, in Italy; he appeared in more than one hundred films between 1954 and 1989, including many 1960s Italian thrillers such as Terror-Creatures from the Grave, Werewolf in a Girls' Dormitory and The Whip and the Body. Pigozzi died on 14 June 2008, at the age of 81.
Marina Semyonova
Marina Timofeyevna Semyonova (Russian: Марина Тимофеевна Семёнова, 30 May [O.S. 17 May] 1908, Saint Petersburg – 9 June 2010, Moscow) was the first Soviet-trained prima ballerina. She was named a People's Artist of the USSR in 1975, and a Hero of Socialist Labour in 1988.

Ballet dancer
A ballet dancer is a person who practices the art of classical ballet. Both females and males can practice ballet. They rely on years of extensive training and proper technique to become a part of a professional ballet company. Ballet dancers are at a high risk of injury due to the demanding technique of ballet.
Paolo Schianchi
Paolo Schianchi (born 22 January 1966), is an Italian architect and designer.

He has taught at the Politecnico di Milano, and is a leading representatives and theorist of Visual marketing a branch of study that connects image and product.

L'Espresso
L'Espresso (Italian: [leˈsprɛsso]) is an Italian progressive weekly news magazine. It is one of the two most prominent Italian weeklies; the other is the conservative magazine Panorama. Since 2022, it has been published by BFC Media. From 7 August 2016 to 10 September 2023, it was published on Sundays in mandatory combination with the newspaper la Repubblica.
Byari (film)
Byari is a 2011 Indian film in the Beary dialect of Malyalam, written and directed by Suveeran. It is the first feature film to be made in this dialect. The film was screened at various film festivals where it received positive reviews. It released in theatres in Dakshina Kannada region on 9 June 2011.

Byari won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film while Malayalam actress Mallika got a special mention from the National Film Award jury for her performance in the film.

National Film Awards
The National Film Awards are awards for artistic and technical merit given for excellence within the Indian film industry. Established in 1954, it has been administered, along with the International Film Festival of India and the Indian Panorama, by the Indian government's Directorate of Film Festivals from 1973 until 2020, and by the NFDC since 2021.

Every year, a national panel appointed by the government selects the winning entry, and the award ceremony is held in New Delhi, where the President of India presents the awards. This is followed by the inauguration of the National Film Festival, where award-winning films are screened for the public. Declared for films produced in the previous year across the country, they hold the distinction of awarding merit to the best of Indian cinema overall, as well as presenting awards for the best films in each region and language of the country.
Olga Bisera
Bisera Vukotić (Serbian Cyrillic: Бисера Вукотић; born 26 May 1944), known professionally as Olga Bisera, is a Yugoslav-born Italian film actress and producer.

She was born in Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina. She entered the Drama Arts Academy in Belgrade.

At 25 she made her film debut in Hollywood in Sidney Pollack's Castle Keep, and was put under contract by Columbia Pictures, moving to New York and attending the Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute.

In the early 1970s Bisera moved to Italy, where she founded a production company, Cinemondial, and became a starlet of Italian genre cinema. She also appeared in The Spy Who Loved Me.

She retired in the early 1980s.

Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute
The Lee Strasberg Theatre & Film Institute (originally the Lee Strasberg Theatre Institute) is an acting school founded in 1969 by the actor, director, and acting teacher Lee Strasberg. The Institute is located in Union Square on East 15th Street, also known as Lee Strasberg Way, in New York City. The school has a secondary campus in Los Angeles.

For more than 40 years, the Institute has partnered with New York University's Tisch School of the Arts, where students can earn a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree. The Los Angeles campus also offers an Associate of Occupational Studies degree. Until her January 2024 death, the Institute was under the artistic direction of Anna Strasberg, Lee Strasberg's widow. Students at the Lee Strasberg Theatre & Film Institute learn method acting, an acting technique created and developed by Strasberg.
Ali Kalora
Ali Ahmad, known popularly as Ali Kalora (30 May 1981 – 18 September 2021), was an Indonesian Islamic militant and leader of East Indonesia Mujahideen. He was referred to as Indonesia's most wanted militant leader and was the main target of both Indonesian military and police during Operation Tinombala. He became leader of the militant organization after Abu Wardah was shot and killed in July 2016. He waged an insurgency and committed several attacks against villages around Poso Regency and Parigi Moutong Regency until 18 September 2021, where he was shot and killed by the Madago Raya Operation task force.

Parigi Moutong Regency
Parigi Moutong Regency is a regency of Central Sulawesi Province of Indonesia. The regency was created on 10 April 2002 by splitting off the eastern districts previously part of Donggala Regency. It covers an area of 5,805.61 km2 and had a population of 413,588 at the 2010 Census and 440,015 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 461,576 (comprising 235,958 males and 225,618 females). The principal town lies at Parigi in the south of the regency. The regency stretches from around Parigi district in its south all the way past Moutong district in the north, giving the name.
John Beck's Boys Academy
Lititz Academy for Boys was a nineteenth century boarding school in the Moravian village of Lititz, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania.  It drew students from throughout the eastern U.S. and even from Canada, the Caribbean and Europe.  In total, 2,326 pupils passed through Beck's curriculum, including Major General John F. Reynolds, a Union army leader killed at Gettysburg and his older brother Admiral William Reynolds; a number of successful businessmen, educators and Congressmen; railroad president Franklin B. Gowen; and the nephew of the abolitionist and Reconstruction politician, Thaddeus Stevens.

Lancaster County, Pennsylvania
Lancaster County (/ˈlæŋkɪstər/), sometimes nicknamed the Garden Spot of America or Pennsylvania Dutch Country, is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, United States.

As of the 2020 census, the population was 552,984, making it Pennsylvania's sixth-most populous county. Its county seat is also Lancaster. Lancaster County comprises the Lancaster metropolitan statistical area. Lancaster County is a tourist destination with its Amish community being a major attraction. The ancestors of the Amish began to immigrate to colonial Pennsylvania in the early 18th century to take advantage of the religious freedom offered by William Penn, as well as the area's rich soil and mild climate. They were joined by French Huguenots fleeing the religious persecution of Louis XIV. There were also significant numbers of English, Welsh and Ulster Scots (also known as the Scotch-Irish in the colonies). The county is part of the South Central region of the commonwealth.
Tressange
Tressange (French pronunciation: [tʁɛsɑ̃ʒ]; German: Tressingen; Lorraine Franconian Träisséng/Dreschéng)  is a commune in the Moselle department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.
It is 7 km from the border to Luxembourg.

Lorraine Franconian
Lorraine Franconian (native name: Plàtt or lottrìnger Plàtt; French: francique lorrain or platt lorrain; German: Lothringisch) is an ambiguous designation for dialects of West Central German (German: Westmitteldeutsch), a group of High German dialects spoken in the Moselle department of the former northeastern French region of Lorraine (See Linguistic boundary of Moselle).
United Campaign Against Plastic Bullets
United Campaign Against Plastic Bullets is an organisation based in Belfast, Northern Ireland that opposes the use of plastic bullets by the British army and the Northern Ireland police.

Following the death of John Downes, killed by a plastic bullet fired by members of the Royal Ulster Constabulary in August 1984, the campaign was founded by Clara Reilly and Emma Groves (1920–2007), who had been blinded by a rubber bullet in 1971.  After John Downes, two more youths were killed by plastic bullets: Keith White, a 22-year-old from Portadown, in 1986 and Seamus Duffy, aged 15, from Belfast, in 1989.

In March 2005, the Northern Ireland Policing Board agreed to substitute the last variant of the plastic bullet, the L21, for the less-lethal Attenuated Energy Projectile (AEP).  The deployment of the AEP is monitored by the Northern Ireland Police Ombudsman.

Police Ombudsman for Northern Ireland
The Office of the Police Ombudsman for Northern Ireland (OPONI) is a non-departmental public body intended to provide an independent, impartial police complaints system for the people and police under the Police (Northern Ireland) Acts of 1998 and 2000.
Man's Way with Women
Man's Way with Women (Swedish: Sången om den eldröda blomman) is a 1934 Swedish romantic drama film directed by Per-Axel Branner. It is based on the 1905 Finnish novel The Song of the Blood-Red Flower by Johannes Linnankoski.

The interior shots of the film were shot at Råsunda's Filmstaden studios and the exterior scenes in Uppland, Ramsele and Långsele. The film premiered at the Röda Kvarn theatre in Stockholm on November 12, 1934. The film's US release was in 1937.

Dwain Esper picked this Swedish drama for US distribution because it contained a nude swim. Esper would then create a "mind-boggling English dub", and a lurid promotion campaign for the film.

Johannes Linnankoski
Johannes Linnankoski (originally Vihtori Johan Peltonen, 18 October 1869 – 10 August 1913) was a Finnish author and playwright, who mainly influenced writing in the Golden Age of Finnish Art. His most famous work is the romance novel, The Song of the Blood-Red Flower (1905). His primary themes were guilt, punishment, and redemption as moral questions.
Arrazola
The surname Arrazola (also written as: de Arrazola, Arraçola, Arazola, Arazzola, etc.) traces back to the Gipuzkoa province of Spain and stems from an historic family of lower Spanish nobility. A number of its members fulfilled high governmental, administrative and military functions in the Spanish Empire. While still present in current day Spain, name-bearers can also be found in Colombia, Mexico and Belgium.

Spanish nobility
The Spanish nobility are people who possess a title of nobility confirmed by the Spanish Ministry of the Presidency, Justice and Relations with the Cortes, as well as those individuals appointed to one of Spain's three highest orders of knighthood: the Order of the Golden Fleece, the Order of Charles III and the Order of Isabella the Catholic. Some members of the Spanish nobility possess various titles that may be inherited or not, but the creation and recognition of titles is legally the prerogative of the monarchy of Spain.

Many Spanish titles and noble families still exist and many have transmitted their aristocratic status since the Middle Ages. Some aristocratic families in Spain use the nobiliary particle de before their family name, although this was more prominent before the 20th century.
Mucigel
Mucigel is a slimy substance that covers the root cap of the roots of plants. It is a highly hydrated polysaccharide, most likely a pectin, which is secreted from the outermost (epidermal) cells of the rootcap. Mucigel is formed in the Golgi bodies of such cells, and is secreted through the process of exocytosis. The layer of microorganism-rich soil surrounding the mucigel is called the rhizosphere.

Mucigel serves several functions, including:

Protection of rootcap; prevents desiccation

Lubrication of rootcap; allows root to more efficiently penetrate the soil

Creation of symbiotic environment for nitrogen fixing bacteria (i.e. diazotrophs) and fungi (which help with water absorption)

Provision of a 'diffusion bridge' between the fine root system and soil particles, which allows for a more efficient uptake of water and mineral nutrients by roots in dry soils.

Mucigel is composed of mucilage, microbial exopolysaccharides and glomalin proteins.

Pectin
Pectin (Ancient Greek: πηκτικός pēktikós: 'congealed' and 'curdled') is a heteropolysaccharide, a structural polymer contained in the cell walls and middle lamellae of terrestrial plants. The principal chemical component of pectin is galacturonic acid (a sugar acid derived from galactose) which was isolated and described by Henri Braconnot in 1825. Commercially produced pectin is a white-to-light-brown powder, produced from citrus fruits for use as an edible gelling agent, especially in jams and jellies, dessert fillings, medications, and sweets; as a food stabiliser in fruit juices and milk drinks; and as a source of dietary fiber.
Gumbaynggirr language
Gumbaynggirr (also spelled Gumbaingari, Kumbainggar, Kumbaingeri, Gambalamam, and also called Baanbay) is an Australian Aboriginal language spoken by the Gumbaynggirr people, who are native to the Mid North Coast of New South Wales.

Gumbaynggirr
The Gumbaynggirr people, also rendered Kumbainggar, Gumbangeri and other variant spellings, are an Aboriginal Australian people of the Mid North Coast of New South Wales. Gumbathagang was a probable clan or sub-group. The traditional lands of the Gumbaynggirr nation stretch from Tabbimoble Yamba-Clarence River to Ngambaa-Stuarts Point, SWR- Macleay to Guyra and to Oban.
Collegium Carolinum (Kassel)
The Collegium Carolinum (also known as Collegium illustre Carolinum) was a scientific institution in Kassel, Germany. It was founded in 1709 by Charles I, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel and closed after the 1785 death of Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel. The Ottoneum housed most of its activities. However, a new anatomical theatre, the first in Germany, was used by Samuel Thomas von Sömmerring.

The Collegium Carolinum was founded as a "new kind of university", where mathematics, the sciences, anatomy and geography should be more important compared to the classical humanist subjects taught at the nearby University of Marburg. In 1766, it was reorganised into a polytechnic by Frederick II and concentrated more on the arts and applicable sciences.

Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel
Frederick II (German: Landgraf Friedrich II von Hessen-Kassel) (14 August 1720 – 31 October 1785) was Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel) from 1760 to 1785.  He ruled as an enlightened despot, and raised money by renting soldiers (called "Hessians") to Great Britain to help fight the American Revolutionary War.  He combined Enlightenment ideas with Christian values, cameralist plans for central control of the economy, and a militaristic approach toward international diplomacy.