hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sociology of space
The sociology of space is a sub-discipline of sociology that mostly borrows from theories developed within the discipline of geography, including the sub fields of human geography, economic geography, and feminist geography. The "sociology" of space examines the social and material constitution of spaces. It is concerned with understanding the social practices, institutional forces, and material complexity of how humans and spaces interact. The sociology of space is an inter-disciplinary area of study, drawing on various theoretical traditions including Marxism, postcolonialism, and Science and Technology Studies, and overlaps and encompasses theorists with various academic disciplines such as geography and architecture.  Edward T. Hall developed the study of Proxemics which concentrates on the empirical analysis of space in psychology.

Feminist geography
Feminist geography is a sub-discipline of human geography that applies the theories, methods, and critiques of feminism to the study of the human environment, society, and geographical space. Feminist geography emerged in the 1970s, when members of the women's movement called on academia to include women as both producers and subjects of academic work. Feminist geographers aim to incorporate positions of race, class, ability, and sexuality into the study of geography. The discipline was a target for the hoaxes of the grievance studies affair.
75th Golden Globes
The 75th Golden Globe Awards honored film and American television of 2017, and was broadcast live on January 7, 2018, from The Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills, California beginning at 5:00 p.m. PST / 8:00 p.m. EST by NBC. This Golden Globe Awards ceremony was produced by Dick Clark Productions in association with the Hollywood Foreign Press Association.

Talk-show host Seth Meyers hosted the ceremony for the first time. Oprah Winfrey was announced as Cecil B. DeMille Lifetime Achievement Award honoree on December 13, 2017. The nominees were announced on December 11, 2017, by Sharon Stone, Alfre Woodard, Kristen Bell and Garrett Hedlund.

Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri won the most awards for the evening with four, including Best Motion Picture – Drama. The Shape of Water and Lady Bird won two awards each. Big Little Lies, The Handmaid's Tale, and The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel were among the television shows that received multiple awards.

Tarana Burke
Tarana Burke (born September 12, 1973) is an American activist from New York City who started the MeToo movement. In 2006, Burke began Me Too as a youth program for junior and high school students with the goal of addressing the rampant sexual violence in the community. Over a decade later, in 2017, #MeToo became a viral hashtag when Alyssa Milano encouraged women to tweet the words if they had experienced abuse and harassment in the wake of the Harvey Weinstein sexual abuse cases. The phrase and hashtag quickly developed into a broad-based, and eventually international viral movement.

Time named Burke, among a group of other prominent activists dubbed "the silence breakers", as the Time Person of the Year for 2017. Burke founded me too. International in 2018 as a container for the movement and serves as Chief Vision Officer.

In 2020, Harvard University published a case study on Burke.
Mojave County, California
Mojave County was a proposal in 1988 that would have split the northern and eastern 90% of San Bernardino County, currently the largest county in area in the contiguous United States, from the more urbanized southwestern 10%.

Proponents of the measure argued that their region was far too removed from the county seat at San Bernardino and that they were distinct in many ways from the Inland Empire. Areas included in the proposed county would have included the cities of Victorville, Barstow, Big Bear, Yucca Valley, Twentynine Palms and the isolated community of Needles along the Colorado River, a community closer to Las Vegas than to its county seat.

The proposal would have left the remainder of San Bernardino County confined to the area of the lower southwestern, more populous part of the county.

The measure was ultimately defeated.

Big Bear Lake, California
Big Bear Lake is a city in San Bernardino County, California, United States, located in the San Bernardino Mountains along the south shore of Big Bear Lake, and surrounded by the San Bernardino National Forest. The city is about 25 miles (40 km) northeast of the city of San Bernardino, and immediately west of the unincorporated town of Big Bear City. The population was approximately 5,046 at the 2020 census. However, as a popular year-round resort destination, the actual number of people staying in or visiting the greater Big Bear Valley area regularly surges to over 100,000 during many weekends of the year.
Statue of Romulus and Remus, Beechbarrow
The statue of Romulus and Remus is a Grade II listed folly located at Beechbarrow on Pen Hill, by the A39 road to Wells, Somerset, England. It was designed and sculpted by a former Italian prisoner of war (POW) and is made from concrete and plaster over an iron armature. It depicts the legend of Romulus and Remus, twin sons of Mars, suckling the she‑wolf, and is supported on a plinth by four pillars.

She-wolf (Roman mythology)
In the Roman foundation myth, the She-Wolf (lupa in Latin) was an Italian wolf who nursed and sheltered the twins Romulus and Remus after they were abandoned in the wild by decree of King Amulius of Alba Longa. She cared for the infants at her den, a cave known as the Lupercal, until they were discovered by a shepherd, Faustulus. Romulus would later become the founder and first king of Rome and both twins became famous throughout history as the founders of the Rome we know today. The image of the She-Wolf suckling the twins has been a symbol of Rome since ancient times and is one of the most recognizable icons of ancient mythology.
Independence Day (United States)
Independence Day, known colloquially as the Fourth of July, is a federal holiday in the United States which commemorates the adoption of the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776, establishing the United States of America.

The delegates to the Second Continental Congress declared that the Thirteen Colonies were no longer subject (and subordinate) to the monarch of Britain, King George III, and were now united, free, and independent states. The Congress voted to approve independence by passing the Lee Resolution on July 2 and adopted the Declaration of Independence two days later, on July 4.

Independence Day is commonly associated with fireworks, parades, barbecues, carnivals, fairs, picnics, concerts, baseball games, family reunions, political speeches, and ceremonies, in addition to various other public and private events celebrating the history, government, and traditions of the United States. Independence Day is the national day of the United States.

Colloquialism
Colloquialism (also called colloquial language, everyday language, or general parlance) is the linguistic style used for casual (informal) communication. It is the most common functional style of speech, the language normally employed in casual conversation and other informal contexts. Colloquialism is characterized by the frequent use of expressive phrases, idioms, anthropocentrism, and a lack of specialized focus, and has a rapidly changing lexicon. It can also be distinguished by its usage of formulations with incomplete logical and syntactic ordering.

A specific instance of such language is termed a colloquialism. The most common term used in dictionaries to label such an expression is colloquial.
Crutchley
Crutchley is a surname. Notable holders of this surname include:

Lee Crutchley (born 1981), English author and illustrator

Bobby Crutchley (born 1970), English field hockey player and coach

Edward Crutchley (1922–1982), English cricketer

Ernest Crutchley (1878–1940), British civil servant

Gerry Crutchley (1890–1969), English cricketer

John Brennan Crutchley (1946–2002), American murderer

Josh Crutchley (born 1987), British basketball player

Percy Crutchley (1855–1940), English cricketer

Ron Crutchley (1922–1987), English footballer

Rosalie Crutchley (1920–1997), English actress

Sir Victor Crutchley (1893–1986), Royal Navy admiral

Rosalie Crutchley
Rosalie Sylvia Crutchley (4 January 1920 – 28 July 1997) was a British actress. Trained at the Royal Academy of Music, she was perhaps best known for her television performances, but had a long and successful career in theatre and films, making her stage debut in 1932 and her screen debut in 1947.

Crutchley had dark piercing eyes and often played foreign or rather sinister characters. She also played many classical roles, including Juliet in Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, Hermione in The Winter's Tale and Goneril in King Lear.
2023 Nova Scotia floods
The 2023 Nova Scotia floods were a series of floods in the province of Nova Scotia, Canada. Areas in Nova Scotia received 250mm (9.8 inches) of rain in a 24 hour period, causing flash floods.

On July 22, 2023, a state of emergency was declared in the province, scheduled to last two weeks, ending on August 5. The floods greatly affected the municipalities of Halifax, East Hants, West Hants, as well as the counties of Lunenburg and Queens with estimates of up to 300 millimetres of rain in parts of the province.

Municipality of the District of East Hants
East Hants, officially named the Municipality of the District of East Hants, is a district municipality in Hants County, Nova Scotia, Canada. Statistics Canada classifies the district municipality as a municipal district.

With its administrative seat in Elmsdale, the district municipality occupies the eastern half of Hants County from the Minas Basin to the boundary with Halifax County, sharing this boundary with the West Hants Regional Municipality. It was made in 1861 from the former townships of Uniacke, Rawdon, Douglas, Walton, Shubenacadie and Maitland. Its most settled area is in the Shubenacadie Valley.
NZSki
NZSki Ltd, or nzski.com manages three major New Zealand commercial ski fields; two in Queenstown, The Remarkables and Coronet Peak, and Mt. Hutt nearer to Christchurch. The company is based in Queenstown. It was formerly part of the Mount Cook Group, which was bought by Air New Zealand in 1984 and split up in 1989.

In 2002, Air New Zealand sold NZSki for NZD 27 million to joint venture Southern Alpine Resort Recreation Limited, comprising NZSki management, Millbrook Resort developer Graham Smolenski, Tourism Milford Ltd and Trojan Holdings Ltd.

Queenstown, New Zealand
Queenstown (Māori: Tāhuna) is a resort town in Otago in the south-west of New Zealand's South Island. It is the seat and largest town in the Queenstown-Lakes District.

The town is on the northwestern edge of Lake Wakatipu, a long, thin, S-shaped lake formed by glacial processes, and has views of nearby mountains such as The Remarkables, Cecil Peak, Walter Peak and, just above the town, Ben Lomond and Queenstown Hill. Queenstown is known for its tourism businesses, especially adventure and ski tourism.
Jembrana Regency
Jembrana Regency (Indonesian: Kabupaten Jembrana; Balinese: ᬓᬪᬹᬧᬢᬾᬦ᭄ᬚᭂᬫ᭄ᬩ᭄ᬭᬡ, Kabupatén Jĕmbŕ‌‌ana) is a regency (kabupaten) in the southwest of Bali, Indonesia. It has an area of 841.8 km2 and had a population of 329,353 in 2024. It is bordered by Tabanan Regency to its east, Buleleng Regency to its east and north, and the Bali Strait to its west and the Indian Ocean to its south. Its regency seat is the town of Negara.

Dang Hyang Nirartha
Dang Hyang Nirartha, also known by various names such as Ida Pedanda Sakti Wawu Rauh, Mpu Nirartha, and Dang Hyang Dwijendra, was known as Prince Sangupati in Lombok and Tuan Guru Semeru in Sumbawa. He was a Hindu priest of the Shaiva sect who was born in Java during the final period of the Majapahit Kingdom and spent most of his life, until his death, in Bali. In Bali, he was appointed as Bagawanta or royal priest in the Gelgel Kingdom. In the manuscript Paniti Gama Tirta Pawitra, he is also depicted as Sang Atungga Dharma or a wandering sage who spread the teachings of dharma. He was also known as a renowned poet and literary figure. He is regarded as the most influential reformer of Balinese Hinduism, and his religious legacy is still practiced in various regions across Indonesia. He is also believed to be the founder of the teachings of Tarekat Watu Telu.
Henning Stensrud
Henning Stensrud (born 20 August 1977) is a Norwegian former ski jumper who debuted with the Norwegian World Cup team in 1996. Fourth places in Engelberg (1997) and Oberstdorf (1998) were his career best individual results.

At the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, Stensrud finished in the team large hill event, 23rd in the individual normal hill, and 38th in the individual large hill events. His best finish at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships was eighth in the individual large hill event at Lahti in 2001. His lone World Cup victory was in a team large hill event in Lahti in 2005.

Stensrud retired after the 2007–08 World Cup season and currently resides in Trondheim.

ORLEN Arena Oberstdorf
The Schattenberg Ski Jump, known for sponsorship purposes as ORLEN Arena Oberstdorf (from 2017 to 2023 Audi Arena Oberstdorf, from 2004 to 2017 Erdinger Arena, and in German, until 2004, as Skisprungstadion am Schattenberg) is a complex of five ski jumping hills, located in the German town of Oberstdorf, Bavaria, on the northwestern slope of the Schattenberg mountain (1845 m). The complex's large hill is a K-120, alongside a normal hill K-95, with a K-56, K-30 and K-19 also onsite.
Ventricle (heart)
A ventricle is one of two large chambers located toward the bottom of the heart that collect and expel blood towards the peripheral beds within the body and lungs. The blood pumped by a ventricle is supplied by an atrium, an adjacent chamber in the upper heart that is smaller than a ventricle. Interventricular means between the ventricles (for example the interventricular septum), while intraventricular means within one ventricle (for example an intraventricular block).

In a four-chambered heart, such as that in humans, there are two ventricles that operate in a double circulatory system: the right ventricle pumps blood into the pulmonary circulation to the lungs, and the left ventricle pumps blood into the systemic circulation through the aorta.

Pulmonary circulation
The pulmonary circulation is a division of the circulatory system in all vertebrates. The circuit begins with deoxygenated blood returned from the body to the right atrium of the heart where it is pumped out from the right ventricle to the lungs. In the lungs the blood is oxygenated and returned to the left atrium to complete the circuit.

The other division of the circulatory system is the systemic circulation that begins upon the oxygenated blood reaching the left atrium from the pulmonary circulation. From the atrium the oxygenated blood enters the left ventricle where it is pumped out to the rest of the body, then returning as deoxygenated blood back to the pulmonary circulation.

A separate circulatory circuit known as the bronchial circulation supplies oxygenated blood to the tissues of the lung that do not directly participate in gas exchange.
Alexander Doom
Alexander Doom (pronounced [aːlɛkˈsɑndər ˈdoːm]; born 25 April 1997) is a Belgian sprinter specializing in the 400 metres. In 2024, he became the first male athlete to win the individual 400 metres and 4 × 400 metres relay at the same World Athletics Indoor Championships He has won several medals in international competitions with the Belgian 4 × 400 metres relay team and holds a personal best of 44.15 over the 400 metres.

Belgians
Belgians (Dutch: Belgen [ˈbɛlɣə(n)] ⓘ; French: Belges [bɛlʒ] ⓘ; German: Belgier [ˈbɛlɡi̯ɐ] ⓘ) are people identified with the Kingdom of Belgium, a federal state in Western Europe. As Belgium is a multinational state, this connection may be residential, legal, historical, or cultural rather than ethnic. The majority of Belgians, however, belong to two distinct linguistic groups or communities (Dutch: gemeenschap; French: communauté) native to the country, i.e. its historical regions: Flemings in Flanders, who speak Dutch, West Flemish and Limburgish; and Walloons in Wallonia, who speak French or Walloon. There is also a substantial Belgian diaspora, which has settled primarily in the United States, Canada, France, and the Netherlands.
Kendall Smith
Kendall A. Smith is an American medical scientist best known for his work on interleukins, the regulatory molecules of the immune system, which has led to many of the new present-day therapies for immunological disorders, transplant rejection, infectious diseases and cancer. Smith is a Professor Emeritus of Medicine at Weill Cornell Medicine.

Biomedical scientist
A biomedical scientist is a scientist trained in biology, particularly in the context of medical laboratory sciences or laboratory medicine. These scientists work to gain knowledge on the main principles of how the human body works and to find new ways to cure or treat disease by developing advanced diagnostic tools or new therapeutic strategies. The research of biomedical scientists is referred to as biomedical research.
Burstow
Burstow is a village and civil parish in the Tandridge district of Surrey, England. Its largest settlement is Smallfield.  Smallfield is 2.5 miles (4.0 km) ENE of Gatwick Airport and the M23 motorway, 7.5 miles (12.1 km) southwest of Oxted and 1.8 miles (2.9 km) east of Horley.  Crawley is a nearby large commercial town, 3.7 miles (6.0 km) southwest of Burstow and 5 miles (8.0 km) southwest of Smallfield.  Towards the outside of the London commuter belt, some residents commute to the capital by road or rail from here as London is 24.5 miles (39.4 km) to the north or Horley railway station is accessible.

Points of the compass
The points of the compass are a set of horizontal, radially arrayed compass directions (or azimuths) used in navigation and cartography. A compass rose is primarily composed of four cardinal directions—north, east, south, and west—each separated by 90 degrees, and secondarily divided by four ordinal (intercardinal) directions—northeast, southeast, southwest, and northwest—each located halfway between two cardinal directions. Some disciplines such as meteorology and navigation further divide the compass with additional azimuths. Within European tradition, a fully defined compass has 32 "points" (and any finer subdivisions are described in fractions of points).

Compass points or compass directions are valuable in that they allow a user to refer to a specific azimuth in a colloquial fashion, without having to compute or remember degrees.
Matwiga
Matwiga is an administrative ward in the Chunya district of the Mbeya Region of Tanzania. In 2016 the Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics report there were 9,852 people in the ward, from 8,939 in 2012.: 96 : 112

Mbeya Region
Mbeya Region (Mkoa wa Mbeya in Swahili) is one of Tanzania's 31 administrative regions. The region covers an area of 35,954 km2 (13,882 sq mi). The region is comparable in size to the combined land area of the nation state of Guinea Bissau. Mbeya Region is bordered to the east by Singida Region, Iringa Region and Njombe Region. The region is bordered to the south by Malawi and Lake Nyasa. To the north the region borders southern Tabora Region. Lastly, Mbeya is bordered to the west by Songwe Region. The regional capital is the city of Mbeya. According to the 2022 national census, the region had a population of 2,343,754.
Kleine
Kleine is a German and Dutch surname meaning "small". Notable people with the surname include:

Andrea Kleine (born 1970), American writer, choreographer, and performance artist

Christian Kleine (born 1974), German musician and DJ

Cindy Kleine (born c. 1962), American film director, producer and video artist

George Kleine (1864–1931), American film producer and pioneer

Hal Kleine (1923–1957), American baseball pitcher

Joe Kleine (born 1962), American basketball player

Lil' Kleine (born 1994), stage name of Jorik Scholten  (born 1994), Dutch rapper

Megan Kleine (born 1974), American swimmer

Piet Kleine (born 1951), Dutch speed skater

Robert Kleine (born 1941), American Michigan State Treasurer

Theodor Kleine (1924–2014), German sprint canoer

Thomas Kleine (born 1977), German football defender and manager

Lil' Kleine
Jorik Scholten (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈjɔrɪk ˈsxɔltə(n)]; born 15 October 1994), professionally known as Lil' Kleine (pronounced [lɪl ˈklɛinə]), is a Dutch rapper, actor and singer. He collaborated with fellow rapper Ronnie Flex to produce the number-one single "Drank & Drugs" and the number-one album Wop!.
Rubén Héctor Sosa
Rubén Héctor Sosa (14 November 1936 – 13 September 2008) was an Argentine football forward who played for Argentina in the 1962 FIFA World Cup. He was nicknamed Marqués (Marquis). He also played in Argentina for Racing Club, Platense and Flandria, in Uruguay for Cerro and Nacional and in the United States for the Boston Beacons.

CSD Flandria
Club Social y Deportivo Flandria is an Argentine football club based in the city of Jáuregui, Buenos Aires Province, which was founded by Julio Steverlynck. Although many sports are practised at the club, The Canary is best known for its professional football team. The squad currently plays in Primera B Metropolitana, the regionalised third division of the Argentine football league system.
Grant Martin Overton
Grant Martin Overton (September 19, 1887 – July 4, 1930) was an American writer and critic.

Grant Martin Overton was born in Patchogue, New York, to Ardelia Jarvis (Skidmore) and Floyd Alward Overton. He attended Princeton University from 1904 to 1906. He was a fiction editor at Collier's from 1924 to 1930. Overton died in Patchogue.

Patchogue, New York
Patchogue (/ˈpætʃɒɡ/ PATCH-og) is a village located within the Town of Brookhaven in Suffolk County, on the South Shore of Long Island, in New York, United States. The population was 12,408 at the time of the 2020 census.

The Incorporated Village of Patchogue is located approximately 60 miles (100 km) east of Manhattan, along the shore of Patchogue Bay – itself part of the Great South Bay.
1919 Tour de France
The 1919 Tour de France was the 13th edition, taking place from 29 June to 27 July covering a total distance of 5,560 kilometres (3,450 mi). It was the first Tour de France after World War I, and was won by Firmin Lambot. Following the tenth stage, the yellow jersey, given to the leader of the general classification, was introduced, and first worn by Eugène Christophe.

The fighting in World War I had ravaged the French road system, which made cycling difficult. As a result, the average speed (24.056 km/h) and the number of finishing cyclists (ten) were the lowest in history.

Jean Alavoine
Jean Alavoine (1 April 1888 – 18 July 1943) was a French professional cyclist, who won 17 stages in the Tour de France - only eight riders have won more stages - and wore the yellow jersey for five days.

Jean Alavoine was born in Roubaix on 1 April 1888. In his professional career from 1908 to 1925, he won 29 courses, including 17 Tour de France stages. In the 1922 Tour de France, he won three stages in a row, stages 5–6-7, and wore the yellow jersey. In stage 11, still leading the race, Alavoine had mechanical problems and his lead dropped to 6:53 minutes. In stage 12 Alavoine lost 37 minutes and the lead. In the end, he finished the tour in second place. In 1943 he died during a veteran race in Argenteuil.