hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Italica
Italica (Spanish: Itálica) was an ancient Roman city in Hispania; its site is close to the town of Santiponce in the province of Seville, Spain. It was founded in 206 BC by Roman general Scipio as a colonia for his Italic veterans and named after them. Italica later grew attracting new migrants from the Italian peninsula and also with the children of Roman soldiers and native women. Among the Italic settlers were a branch of the gens Ulpia from the Umbrian city of Tuder and a branch of the gens Aelia from the city of Hadria, either co-founders of the town or later migrants who arrived at an unknown time;  the Ulpi Traiani and the Aelii Hadriani were the respective stirpes of the Roman emperors Trajan and Hadrian, both born in Italica.

According to some authors, Italica was also the birthplace of Theodosius.

Aelia gens
The gens Aelia, occasionally written Ailia, was a plebeian family in Rome, which flourished from the fifth century BC until at least the third century AD, a period of nearly eight hundred years.  The archaic spelling Ailia is found on coins, but must not be confused with Allia, which is a distinct gens.  The first member of the family to obtain the consulship was Publius Aelius Paetus in 337 BC.

Under the empire the Aelian name became still more celebrated.  It was the name of the emperor Hadrian, and consequently of the Antonines, whom he adopted.  A number of landmarks built by Hadrian also bear the name Aelius.  The Pons Aelius is a bridge in Rome, now known as the Ponte Sant'Angelo.  Pons Aelius also refers to a Roman settlement in Britannia Inferior, now the site of Newcastle upon Tyne, while Aelia Capitolina was a Roman colony built on the ruins of Jerusalem.

On the coins of Aelia in 224 BC, the 'H' may stand for Hatria or Herdonia.
Dalików
Dalików [daˈlikuf] is a village in Poddębice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Dalików. It lies approximately 10 km (6 mi) east of Poddębice and 28 km (17 mi) north-west of the regional capital Łódź.

Poddębice
Poddębice [pɔdːɛmˈbʲit͡sɛ] is a town in central Poland, in Łódź Voivodeship. It is the capital of Poddębice County. It lies approximately 40 km (25 mi) northwest of Łódź. Population is 7,245 (2020). It is located within the historic Łęczyca Land.
Azohouè-Cada
Azohouè-Cada is a town and arrondissement in the Atlantique Department of southern Benin. It is an administrative division under the jurisdiction of the commune of Tori-Bossito. According to the population census conducted by the Institut National de la Statistique Benin on February 15, 2002, the arrondissement had a total population of 6,457.

Atlantique Department
Atlantique ([a.tlɑ̃.tik], "Atlantic") is one of the twelve departments in Benin. The department is located in south-central Benin along the Atlantic coast, between Mono and Kouffo Department in the west, Zou in the north, and Ouémé in the east. The department of Atlantique was bifurcated in 1999 when some of its territories was transferred to the newly formed Littoral Department.

As of 2013, the total population of the department was 1,398,229, with 686,747 males and 711,482 females. The proportion of women was 50.90%. The total rural population was 55.50%, while the urban population was 44.50%. The total labour force in the department was 433,515, of which 43.40% were women. The proportion of households with no level of education was 39.20% and the proportion of households with children attending school was 77.30%.
Tobias Venner
Tobias Venner (1577–1660) was an English physician and medical writer, born near North Petherton. He was known for his books aimed at the general public and his promotion of thermal bathing, particularly in the city of Bath.

North Petherton
North Petherton is a town and civil parish in Somerset, England, situated on the edge of the eastern foothills of the Quantocks, and close to the edge of the Somerset Levels.
The town has a population of 6,730 as of 2014. The parish includes Hamp, Melcombe, Shearston, Woolmersdon and Huntworth.

Dating from at least the 10th century and an important settlement in Saxon times,
North Petherton became a town only in the late 20th century, until then claiming to be the largest village in England.

A former market and administrative centre, North Petherton is now largely a dormitory town for workers in Bridgwater, 3 miles (5 km) to the north east, and Taunton, 8 miles (13 km) to the south west. The centre of the town is designated an Area of High Archaeological Potential (AHAP), and a number of buildings have been given listed building status.
Murdak, Kazerun
Murdak (Persian: موردك, also Romanized as Moordak) is a village in Kuhmareh Rural District, Kuhmareh District, Kazerun County, Fars province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,138, in 252 families.

Murdak in Persian means small Moord. Moord is also the Persian name for the Myrtus communis plant. Some people from the village think that in the past the location of the village had many Myrtus communis although there are none there today.

The people of the village are Persians and they speak a special branch of Luri language.

The history of Murdak dates from ancient times, as there are many myths in the traditional culture regarding the village's past.

The village is near the historic city of Kazerun, and the region includes many ancient sites.

Its agriculture products include citrus orchards, wheat, and vines. Vineyards are the hallmark of Murdak where many kinds of vines are grown in a traditional way.

Kuhmareh Rural District
Kuhmareh Rural District (Persian: دهستان کوهمره) is in Kuhmareh District of Kuhchenar County, Fars province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Malay-e Anbar. The rural district was previously administered from the city of Nowdan.
Follett Corporation
Follett Corporation is an American technology company headquartered in Westchester, Illinois. Follett is a provider of educational services and products to colleges, schools, and libraries.

Through 2021 and 2022, Follett sold its corporate entity and operating units, Follett School Solutions, Inc. and Follett Higher Education Group, completing the Follett family's exit after nearly 150 years. With the acquisition, Emmanuel Kolady, former SVP and Head of Stores for the eastern half of CVS Retail, was named CEO in February 2022.

Technology company
A technology company (or tech company) is a company that focuses primarily on the manufacturing, support, research and development of—most commonly computing, telecommunication and consumer electronics–based—technology-intensive products and services, which include businesses relating to digital electronics, software, optics, new energy, and Internet-related services such as cloud storage and e-commerce services. Big Tech refers to the 6 largest companies, both in the United States and globally, symbolized by the metonym 'Silicon Valley', where 4 of them are based.
Marti Pellow Sings the Hits of Wet Wet Wet & Smile
Marti Pellow Sings the Hits of Wet Wet Wet & Smile is a compilation/cover album by Wet Wet Wet frontman Marti Pellow. The album contains re-recordings of Wet Wet Wet hits. It was released on 18 November 2002.

Three of the eighteen songs were taken directly from his debut album, 2001's Smile. These were the only tracks not to be re-recorded.

Wet Wet Wet
Wet Wet Wet are a Scottish soft rock band formed in 1982. They had a number of hits on the UK charts and around the world in the 1980s and 1990s, becoming best known for their 1994 cover of the Troggs' 1960s hit "Love Is All Around", which was used on the soundtrack to the film Four Weddings and a Funeral. The song was an international success, and spent 15 weeks at the top of the UK singles chart.

The band is currently composed of founding member Graeme Clark (bass, vocals) and lead vocalist Kevin Simm, who replaced founding member Marti Pellow in 2018 after he left during the previous year. Graeme Duffin (lead guitar, vocals) has also been with the band as a touring musician since 1983. The band were named Best British Newcomer at the 1988 Brit Awards.
Bernard Meakin
Bernard Meakin (5 March 1885 – 17 February 1964) was an English cricketer. He played eight matches of first-class cricket between 1906 and 1922.

Educated at Clifton College, Meakin was a left-handed batsman who played for Staffordshire from 1904 to 1922, captaining the team from 1911 to 1922. He was a member of the first Minor Counties composite team to play a first-class match, against the touring South Africans in 1912.

Meakin was a captain in the Royal Army Service Corps in the First World War, serving in France.

Royal Army Service Corps
The Royal Army Service Corps (RASC) was a corps of the British Army responsible for land, coastal and lake transport, air despatch, barracks administration, the Army Fire Service, staffing headquarters' units, supply of food, water, fuel and domestic materials such as clothing, furniture and stationery and the supply of technical and military equipment. In 1965 its functions were divided between other Corps (RCT and RAOC) and the RASC ceased to exist; subsequently, in 1993, they in their turn (with some functions of the Royal Engineers) became the "Forming Corps" of the Royal Logistic Corps.
Who is Hirut's father?
Who is Hirut's father (Amharic: ሂሩት አባቷ ማነው?) is a 1965 Ethiopian drama film directed by Elala Ibsa and produced by the Association of Country Film and Advertisement. It was released on Haile Selassie I Theatre (now called the Ethiopian National Theatre) on 29 August 1965. Starring Abebech Ejigu as Hirut, it is the first ever Ethiopian feature film and the first to use digital cinematography in later years.  In the film, Hirut meets with her future husband and have a daughter. Meanwhile, her husband jailed for 15 years and left her daughter without nurturing father. This led a significant social stigma.

In 2020, the film digitized for view. On 5 January 2022, the film was premiered to viewers at Mulualem Cultural Center in Bahir Dar.

Bahir Dar
Bahir Dar (Amharic: ባሕር ዳር, lit. 'sea shore') is the capital city of Amhara Region, Ethiopia. Bahir Dar is one of the leading tourist destinations in Ethiopia, with a variety of attractions in the nearby Lake Tana and Blue Nile river. The city is known for its wide avenues lined with palm trees and a variety of colorful flowers. In 2002, it was awarded the UNESCO Cities for Peace Prize for addressing the challenges of rapid urbanization.
Roswitha Prize
The Roswitha Prize (German: Roswitha-Preis) is the oldest German language prize for literature that is given solely to women.

The Roswitha-Medal has been given almost yearly since 1973 by the city of Bad Gandersheim. 
In 1998 it received its modern designation along with an endowment of €5,500. It is named for Roswitha of Gandersheim, a 10th-century Benedictine nun who is considered the first female German playwright and author.

Bad Gandersheim
Bad Gandersheim (German pronunciation: [baːt ˈɡandɐshaɪm] ⓘ; Eastphalian: Ganderssen) is a town in southern Lower Saxony, Germany, located in the district of Northeim. As of December 2020, it had a population of 9,492.

Bad Gandersheim has many half-timbered houses and is located on the German Timber-Frame Road (German: Deutsche Fachwerkstraße). The town contains an airport as well.
Bernhard Rathke
Heinrich Bernhard Rathke (20 January 1840 in Königsberg – 14 August 1923 in Bad Reichenhall) was a German chemist. He was the son of embryologist Martin Rathke.

He studied natural sciences at the University of Königsberg, and afterwards worked in Robert Bunsen's laboratory at Heidelberg. In 1867 he started work as an assistant at the chemical institute of the University of Halle, and two years later obtained his habilitation with a thesis on the history of selenium. From 1873 to 1876 he taught classes in chemistry and chemical engineering at the higher vocational school in Kassel. In 1876 he became an associate professor at Halle, during this time he published what became known as the Rathke synthesis for making guanidinium groups. From 1882 to 1900, was an honorary full professor at the University of Marburg. In 1885 he became a member of the Academy of Sciences Leopoldina.

Embryology
Embryology (from Greek ἔμβρυον, embryon, 'the unborn, embryo'; and -λογία, -logia) is the branch of zoology that studies the prenatal development of gametes (sex cells), fertilization and development of embryos and fetuses. Embryology includes teratology, the study of congenital disorders that occur before birth.

Early embryology, put forward by Marcello Malpighi, was preformationist in concept: based on the idea that organisms develop from pre-existing miniature versions of themselves.  The theory now accepted, epigenesis, is the idea that organisms develop from seed or egg in a sequence of steps.  This concept was proposed in antiquity by Aristotle. Modern embryology developed from the work of Karl Ernst von Baer, though accurate observations had been made in Italy by anatomists such as Aldrovandi and Leonardo da Vinci in the Renaissance.
St. Peter the Apostle Catholic Church and Rectory
St. Peter the Apostle Catholic Church and Rectory is a historic Catholic church complex at 812 Pearl Street in Joplin, Jasper County,, Missouri.

The church was built in 1906, and is a Late Gothic Revival style building constructed of Carthage limestone. It measures 63 feet, 6 inches, by 122 feet, 8 inches and features circular windows; tracery; Gothic arched windows and doors; and the triple portal entry.

The rectory was built in 1917, and is a two-story Prairie School-style dwelling with a finished basement. It is constructed of Carthage limestone and has a low pitched, hipped roof with wide overhang. Also on the property is a contributing concrete block garage.: 5–7

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991 as a national historic district.

Jasper County, Missouri
Jasper County is located in the southwest portion of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the population was 122,761. Its county seat is Carthage, and its largest city is Joplin. The county was organized in 1841 and named for William Jasper, a hero of the American Revolutionary War. Jasper County is included in the Joplin Metropolitan Statistical Area. The Jasper County Sheriff's Office has legal jurisdiction throughout the county.
Armenak Urfanyan
Armenak Urfanyan (Armenian: Արմենակ Ուրֆանյան; 28 January 1990 – 2 April 2016) was an Armenian serviceman in the Artsakh Defense Army, captain of the Armed Forces of Armenia, participant of the Four-Day War. In 2020 he was posthumously awarded the Hero of Artsakh military award, which is the highest honorary title of the self-proclaimed Republic of Artsakh.

During the Four-Day War, Urafanyan realized that it was impossible to resist the Azerbaijani forces, exceeding in number and military equipment, he decided to fight by himself, commanding the soldiers to retreat. Kyaram Sloyan, Robert Abajyan and Andranik Zohrabyan fell with their commander and others were wounded.

Military awards and decorations
Military awards and decorations are distinctions given as a mark of honor for military heroism, meritorious or outstanding service or achievement. A decoration is often a medal consisting of a ribbon and a medallion.

Civil decorations awarded to military personnel should not be considered military decorations, although some orders of chivalry have civil and military divisions. Decorations received by police and fire brigade personnel may sometimes be considered alongside military decorations, on which they may be modelled, although they are strictly not military awards.

Military awards and decorations may take the form of medal ribbons or miniature medals, which are mounted together on a bar known as a barrette.
Julio Godio
Julio Godio (1939 – May 20, 2011) was an Argentine sociologist.

Born at La Plata, Buenos Aires Province, he was elected president of the students' union of the University of La Plata in 1958. Very much related with the labor movement (in Argentina and Latin America), Julio Godio was an official of ILO-ACTRAV, and worked actively with the Friedrich Ebert Seitung, ICFTU-ORIT, IMF, BWI, UNI, etc. He wrote important books and publications about the labor movement, among them: The Tragic Week, History of the Argentine Labor Movement (1878–2000), History of the Latin American Labor Movement, The MERCOSUR, The workers and the FTAA, etc.

He also served as Chairman of the World of Labor Institute.

La Plata
La Plata (Spanish pronunciation: [la ˈplata]) is the capital city of Buenos Aires province, Argentina. According to the 2022 census, the Partido has a population of 772,618 and its metropolitan area, the Greater La Plata, has 938,287 inhabitants. It is located 9 kilometers (6 miles) inland from the southern shore of the Río de la Plata estuary.

La Plata was planned and developed to serve as the provincial capital after the city of Buenos Aires was federalized in 1880. It was officially founded by Governor Dardo Rocha on 19 November 1882. Its construction is fully documented in photographs by Tomás Bradley Sutton. La Plata was briefly known as Ciudad Eva Perón (Eva Perón City) between 1952 and 1955.
Dark ambient
Dark ambient (originally known as ambient industrial) is a subgenre of post-industrial music, that originally emerged in the mid-1980s. It draws primary influence from ambient music and is characterized by ominous, dark drones, discordant overtones and a gloomy, monumental or catacomb-inspired atmosphere. Although mostly an electronic genre, artists frequently sample traditional instruments and make use of semi-acoustic recording procedures.

Nocturnal Emissions
Nocturnal Emissions is Nigel Ayers's sound art project that has released numerous records and CDs in music styles ranging from electro-acoustic, musique concrète, hybridised beats, sound collage, post-industrial music, ambient and noise music.
Their sound art has been part of an ongoing multimedia campaign of guerrilla sign ontology utilizing video art, film, hypertext and other media, particularly collage.
Sierra Island
Sierra Island (62°24′S 59°48′W﻿ / ﻿62.400°S 59.800°W﻿ / -62.400; -59.800) is a narrow island which is marked by a series of small elevations throughout its length, lying 0.5 miles (0.8 km) northwest of Dee Island and north of Greenwich Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Surface area 14 hectares (35 acres).

Named by the 5th Chilean Antarctic Expedition, 1950–51, after Sgt. Victor Sierra, sick-bay attendant of the patrol ship Lientur on the expedition.

Chilean Antarctic Expedition
The First Chilean Antarctic Expedition (1947–1948) was an expedition to Antarctica mounted by the Chilean government and military to enforce its territorial claims against British challenges, namely Operation Tabarin.

Among other accomplishments the expedition established Base General Bernardo O'Higgins Riquelme on February 18, 1948. Chilean President Gabriel González Videla personally inaugurated the base, thereby becoming the first head of state to set foot on the continent.  The inactive research station González Videla Antarctic Base is named in his honor. The O'Higgins Base is still operated by the Chilean Army, one of the Antarctic bases with the longest times of continuous operation.

The expedition was led by Commodore Federico Guesalaga Toro.  The German-Chilean Hans Helfritz served as the expedition's official photographer.
Birnur Fertekligil
Emine Birnur Fertekligil (born 1955 in Ankara) is a Turkish diplomat. She served as Turkey's ambassador to Belarus and as Turkey's permanent representative to the United Nations and other organizations in Vienna.

She attended Edgar Quintet High School in France, and holds a bachelor's degree in political science from the University of Ankara.

She has severed in different positions in the Turkish foreign affairs ministry in Ankara and various Turkish embassies;

Fertekligil represented Turkey at the  International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), She is an alumnus of International Gender Champions(IGC), “a leadership network that brings together decision-makers determined to break down gender barriers and make gender equality a working reality in their spheres of influence”. She also made remarkable speeches on women rights, right to self determination, elimination of racism and racial discrimination among others. She speaks English and French.

Ankara University
Ankara University (Turkish: Ankara Üniversitesi) is a public research university in Ankara, the capital of Turkey. It was the first higher education institution founded in Turkey after the formation of the Turkish republic in 1923.
Evanson
Evanson is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Edith Evanson (1896–1980), American actress

Edward Evanson (1731–1805), English clergyman

John Evanson (born 1947), English footballer

Kymberly Evanson (born 1977), American lawyer

Mary McEldowney-Evanson (1921–2019), co-founded the organization Friends of Haleakalā National Park

Patrick Evanson (1933–2021), Antiguan cricketer

Wyndham Evanson (1851–1934), England international rugby union footballer

Kymberly Evanson
Kymberly Kathryn Evanson (née Kymberly Kathryn Evans; born 1977) is an American lawyer who serves as a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Washington.
Tin-can telephone
A tin-can telephone is a type of acoustic (non-electrical) speech-transmitting device made up of two tin cans, paper cups or similarly shaped items attached to either end of a taut string or wire.

It is a particular case of mechanical telephony, where sound (i.e., vibrations in the air) is converted into vibrations along a liquid or solid medium. These vibrations are transmitted through the medium (string) and then converted back to sound.

Paper cup
A paper cup is a disposable cup made out of paper and often lined or coated with plastic or wax to prevent liquid from leaking out or soaking through the paper. Disposable cups in shared environments have become more common for hygienic reasons after the advent of the germ theory of disease. Due mainly to environmental concerns, modern disposable cups may be made of recycled paper or other inexpensive materials such as plastic.
Kosmos 1586
Kosmos 1586 (Russian: Космос 1586 meaning Cosmos 1586) is a Soviet US-K missile early warning satellite which was launched in 1984 as part of the Soviet military's Oko programme. The satellite is designed to identify missile launches using optical telescopes and infrared sensors.

Kosmos 1586 was launched from Site 16/2 at Plesetsk Cosmodrome in the Russian SSR. A Molniya-M carrier rocket with a 2BL upper stage was used to perform the launch, which took place at 08:38 UTC on 2 August 1984. The launch successfully placed the satellite into a molniya orbit. It subsequently received its Kosmos designation, and the international designator 1984-079A. The United States Space Command assigned it the Satellite Catalog Number 15147.

Early warning system
An early warning system is a warning system that can be implemented as a chain of information communication systems and comprises sensors, event detection and decision subsystems for early identification of hazards. They work together to forecast and signal disturbances that adversely affect the stability of the physical world, providing time for the response system to prepare for the adverse event and to minimize its impact.

To be effective, early warning systems need to actively involve the communities at risk, facilitate public education and awareness of risks, effectively disseminate alerts, and warnings and ensure there is constant state of preparedness. A complete and effective early warning system supports four main functions: risk analysis, monitoring and warning; dissemination and communication; and a response capability.