hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hound's Tooth (mountain)
Hound's Tooth is a peak in the Purcell Mountains of the Columbia Mountains in southeastern British Columbia, Canada. 
Hound's Tooth is a rock pinnacle at the end of Marmolata Mountain's northeast ridge. Both mountains are Nunataks, sticking up from the middle of the Bugaboo Glacier. The Hounds' Tooth is composed of a coarse, fractured granite.

Columbia Mountains
The Columbia Mountains are a group of mountain ranges along the Upper Columbia River in British Columbia, Montana, Idaho and Washington. The mountain range covers 135,952 km² (52,491 sq mi). The range is bounded by the Rocky Mountain Trench on the east, and the Kootenai River on the south; their western boundary is the edge of the Interior Plateau. Seventy-five percent of the range is located in Canada and the remaining twenty-five percent in the United States; American geographic classifications place the Columbia Mountains as part of the Rocky Mountains complex, but this designation does not apply in Canada (despite a British Columbia government tourism campaign to rebrand their southern portion as the "Kootenay Rockies"). Mount Sir Sandford is the highest mountain in the range, reaching 3,519 metres (11,545 ft).
Karl Maughan
Karl Maughan (born 1964) is a New Zealand artist known for his oil paintings of gardens and floral scenery. His work is collected in New Zealand by Te Papa, the Christchurch Art Gallery and by the Wallace Arts Trust. Maughan is also featured in the British Arts Council Collection.

Maughan was born in Wellington, though grew up in the Manawatū. He studied at Elam School of Fine Arts in Auckland, where he finished a master's degree in 1987. Maughan currently lives in Wellington with his wife, Emily Perkins.

Elam School of Fine Arts
The Elam School of Fine Arts, founded by John Edward Elam, is part of the Faculty of Creative Arts and Industries at the University of Auckland. It offered the first  Bachelor of Fine Arts programme in New Zealand starting in 1967. Students study degrees in fine art, across three buildings, the Mondrian building, Building 431 (or the "Main" fine arts building), and Elam B, which includes the studios for postgraduate and doctoral students on Princes Street, in central Auckland, New Zealand.
Russell, Wisconsin
Russell is the name of some places in the U.S. state of Wisconsin:

Russell, Bayfield County, Wisconsin, a town

Russell, Lincoln County, Wisconsin, a town

Russell, Sheboygan County, Wisconsin, a town

Russell, Trempealeau County, Wisconsin, an unincorporated community

Russell, Sheboygan County, Wisconsin
Russell is a town in Sheboygan County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 399 at the 2000 census. It is included in the Sheboygan, Wisconsin Metropolitan Statistical Area. The unincorporated community of Hulls Crossing is in the town, as is part of the unincorporated community of St. Anna.
The Memoirs of Li Hung Chang
The Memoirs of Li Hung Chang (titled Memoirs of the Viceroy Li Hung Chang in the United Kingdom) is a book by American writer William Francis Mannix, published in October 1913 by Houghton Mifflin Company. It is a forgery, falsely stated by Mannix to be an edited memoir of Li Hongzhang. Mannix stated that the work came from parts of Li's diary. It was released in the United States and the United Kingdom.

The American Political Science Review that the work had even misled "old China hands" and Sinologists due to the "great verisimilitude" of the book. The literary journal Renditions described the work as "a classic American contribution in the field of literary hoax". Christopher L. Miller, author of The Imposters, stated that the work was an "intercultural hoax".

The book was republished in 1923, with an additional piece by Ralph Delahaye Paine, titled The Story of a Literary Forgery, added to this version.

American Political Science Review
The American Political Science Review (APSR) is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering all areas of political science. It is an official journal of the American Political Science Association and is published on their behalf by Cambridge University Press. APSR was established in 1906 and is the flagship journal in political science.
Dutch raid on North America
The Dutch raid on North America took place from December 1672 to February 1674 during the Third Anglo-Dutch War, a related conflict of the Franco-Dutch War. A naval expedition led by Cornelis Evertsen the Youngest and Jacob Binckes attacked English and French possessions in North America.

Evertsen originally planned to attack the homeward-bound convoy of the English East India Company, but abandoned the idea when his ships were intercepted by a superior Royal Navy squadron off Cape Verde. After linking up with Binckes, their combined force instead attacked the Americas intending to inflict as much damage as possible.

Although they recaptured the former Dutch colony of New Netherland, it was returned to England under the terms of the Treaty of Westminster (1674). The raid marks the end of direct Dutch influence in colonial North America.

Vlissingen
Vlissingen (Dutch: [ˈvlɪsɪŋə(n)] ⓘ; Zeelandic: Vlissienge) is a municipality and a city in the southwestern Netherlands on the island of Walcheren. With its strategic location between the Scheldt river and the North Sea, Vlissingen has been an important harbour for centuries. It was granted city rights in 1315. In the 17th century the roadstead of Vlissingen was a main harbour for ships of the Dutch East India Company (VOC). It is also known as the birthplace of Lieutenant-Admiral Michiel de Ruyter.

Vlissingen is mainly noted for the yards on the Scheldt where most of the ships of the Royal Netherlands Navy (Koninklijke Marine) are built.
Edmund F. O'Connor
Lieutenant General Edmund Francis O'Connor (March 31, 1922 – September 20, 2016) was an American Air Force lieutenant general and command pilot who was vice commander, Air Force Logistics Command, with headquarters at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio.

Air Force Systems Command
The Air Force Systems Command (AFSC) is an inactive United States Air Force Major Command. It was established in April 1951, being split off from Air Materiel Command. The mission of AFSC was Research and Development for new weapons systems.

AFSC took on engineering functions which formerly resided in the Air Materiel Command (AMC), the Army Air Forces Technical Service Command, and the Air Technical Service Command (ATSC) as a separate research and development command in 1950.  It incorporated Air Proving Ground Command in 1957. On 1 July 1992, AFSC and Air Force Logistics Command were merged to form the Air Force Materiel Command, located at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio.

In the reorganization of 1961, Air Force Systems Command acquired the materiel procurement function from Air Force Logistics Command. It was re-integrated with Air Force Logistics Command in 1992.
Robert Sutton (Irish judge)
Robert Sutton (c. 1340 – 1430) was an Irish judge and Crown official. During a career which lasted almost 60 years he served the English Crown in a variety of offices, notably as Deputy to the Lord Chancellor of Ireland, Chief Baron of the Irish Exchequer, Master of the Rolls in Ireland, and Deputy Treasurer of Ireland. A warrant dated 1423 praised him for his "long and laudable" service to the Crown.

Lord High Treasurer of Ireland
The Lord High Treasurer of Ireland was the head of the Exchequer of Ireland, and chief financial officer of the Kingdom of Ireland. The designation High was added in 1695.

After the Acts of Union 1800 created the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Consolidated Fund Act 1816 merged the Irish Inferior Exchequer into the British Treasury with effect from 1817.

The act also mandated that the post of Lord High Treasurer of Ireland could only be held together with the post of Treasurer of the Exchequer, with the person holding both being Lord High Treasurer. If no person is appointed to the combined positions, then the Lord High Treasurer of Ireland is placed in commission and represented by the Lords Commissioners of the Treasury, as has been the case continuously since 1816.

The Superior Irish Exchequer, or Court of Exchequer, remained, led by the Chief Baron of the Irish Exchequer.
Gammel Strand 36
Gammel Strand 36 is a Neoclassical property overlooking Slotsholmen Canal in the Olt Town of Copenhagen, Denmark. The building was listed in the Danish registry of protected buildings and places in 1945. Notable former residents include the composer Franz Joseph Glæser.

Gammel Strand
Gammel Strand (modern Danish for "old beach"; originally meant "the old shoreline", i.e. prior to land reclamations) is a street and public square in central Copenhagen, Denmark. On the south side it borders on the narrow Slotsholmens Canal while the north side is lined by a row of brightly coloured houses from the 18th and 19th century. Across the canal, Thorvaldsens Museum and Christiansborg Palace are seen on the island Slotsholmen.

The art gallery Kunstforeningen and the Ministry of Culture are the most notable institutions facing the street.
Gilbert Lacy
Gilbert de Lacy Lacy (26 February 1834 – 7 June 1878) was an English first-class cricketer.

A member of the de Lacy family, Lacy was born to Charles de Lacy Lacy at Tring in February 1826. He was educated at Westminster School, before going up to Magdalen College, Oxford. He made his debut in first-class cricket for the Marylebone Cricket Club against Oxford University at Oxford in 1854, following this up with a second first-class appearance for the Gentlemen of England against the Gentlemen of Kent in the same year at Canterbury.  At some point after this he left England for Cape Colony, where he died at Mount Frere in June 1878.

Magdalen Ground
The Magdalen Ground (also known as the Old Magdalen Ground) was a cricket ground in Oxford, England. The ground was owned by the University of Oxford and used by Magdalen College, a constituent college of the University of Oxford. Originally forming the northern point of Cowley Marsh, the ground was initially associated with the Magdalen College School, whose students played cricket there. By 1829, the Oxford University Cricket Club had been given a part of the marsh where the College School played cricket. In 1851, it was purchased at auction by the University of Oxford and leased to the University Cricket Club. The ground operated as a first-class cricket venue from 1829 to 1880, hosting 69 first-class matches. The University Cricket Club left the ground following the 1880 season to play at the University Parks from 1881.
Nerepisacanthus
Nerepisacanthus is an extinct genus of acanthodian, probably acritolepid, from Middle Silurian (?late Llandovery (Telychian) to Ludlow stages) deposits of New Brunswick, Canada. Nerepisacanthus is known from many incomplete but articulated specimens. It was collected from the Cunningham Creek Formation, near Nerepis, southern New Brunswick. It was first named by Carole J. Burrow in 2011 and the type species is Nerepisacanthus denisoni. Additional specimen is known from Bertie Formation, making that species the oldest near-complete acanthodian. This specimen is 11.2 cm in length.

Llandovery Epoch
In the geological timescale, the Llandovery Epoch or Early Silurian (from 443.1 ± 0.9 million years ago to 432.9 ± 1.2 million years ago) occurred at the beginning of the Silurian Period. The Llandoverian Epoch follows the massive Ordovician-Silurian extinction events, which led to a large decrease in biodiversity and an opening up of ecosystems.

Widespread reef building started in this period and continued into the Devonian Period when rising water temperatures are thought to have bleached out the coral by killing their photo symbionts.

The Llandoverian Epoch ended with the Ireviken event which killed off 50% of trilobite species, and 80% of the global conodont species.
Höfen an der Enz
Höfen an der Enz (German pronunciation: [ˈhøːfn̩ ʔan deːɐ̯ ˈʔɛnts], lit. 'Höfen on the Enz') is a municipality in Calw district, in the region of Karlsruhe of Baden-Württemberg in Germany. Höfen is located on the River Enz at the northern edge of the Black Forest. It is located where street L 343 intersects with street B 294 (Gundelfingen - Bretten).

Gundelfingen
Gundelfingen (German pronunciation: [ˈɡʊndl̩ˌfɪŋən] ⓘ; Low Alemannic: Gundelfinge) is a municipality directly north of the city Freiburg in Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany.

Gundelfingen is one of the larger municipalities in the Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald district. It consists of the old place Gundelfingen and the village Wildtal, which was included in the municipality in the 1970s.
Timothy Cloyd
J. Timothy Cloyd is an American educator and former higher education administrator. Cloyd served as the president of Hendrix College in Conway, Arkansas from 2001 to 2013. In 2016, he became president of Drury University in Springfield, Missouri, a position he held until his resignation in March of 2023.

Conway, Arkansas
Conway is a city in Faulkner County, Arkansas, United States, and its county seat. It had a population of 64,134 at the 2020 census, making Conway the eighth-most populous city in Arkansas. It is located within Central Arkansas and serves as a regional hub for Faulkner County and surrounding areas. Conway is home to three post-secondary educational institutions, earning it the nickname "The City of Colleges".
Franklin Township, New Jersey
Franklin Township is the name of some places in the U.S. state of New Jersey:

Franklin Township, Gloucester County, New Jersey

Franklin Township, Hunterdon County, New Jersey

Franklin Township, Somerset County, New Jersey

Franklin Township, Warren County, New Jersey

Franklin Township, Bergen County, New Jersey (defunct)

Franklin Township, Essex County, New Jersey, now known as Nutley, New Jersey

Franklin Township, Hunterdon County, New Jersey
Franklin Township is a township in central Hunterdon County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 3,267, an increase of 72 (+2.3%) from the 2010 census count of 3,195, which in turn reflected an increase of 205 (+6.9%) from the 2,990 counted in the 2000 census. Most of the township lies on the Hunterdon Plateau with only the eastern section along the South Branch Raritan River being on the lower part of the Newark Basin.
Bloodymania 7
Bloodymania 7 was a professional wrestling supercard event produced by Juggalo Championship Wrestling (JCW). It took place at midnight on August 11, 2013 at Hog Rock in Cave-In-Rock, Illinois. Professional wrestling is a type of sports entertainment in which theatrical events are combined with a competitive sport. The buildup to the matches and the scenarios that took place before, during, and after the event, were planned by JCW's script writers. The event starred wrestlers from Juggalo Championship Wrestling.

Six matches were held on the event's card. The main event match was a tag team match featuring 2 Tuff Tony and Vampiro defeating Kongo Kong and The Boogeyman. Featured matches on the undercard included a tag team match where the team of The Ring Rydas defeated Paul London and Brian Kendrick for the JCW Tag Team Championship, a singles match that saw The Rudeboy defeat Necro Butcher from a serious leg injury, and an 8-man Battle Royal match in which Matt Cross was victorious.

Kongo Kong
Steven Wilson (born August 10, 1979) is an American professional wrestler best known under the ring name Kongo Kong. He is currently performing on the independent circuit. He is best known for his time with Global Force Wrestling and Impact Wrestling.
Canonical link element
A canonical link element is an HTML element that helps webmasters prevent duplicate content issues in search engine optimization by specifying the "canonical" or "preferred" version of a web page. It is described in RFC 6596, which went live in April 2012.

URL
A uniform resource locator (URL), colloquially known as web address, is a reference to a resource on the World Wide Web. A URL specifies the location of a resource on a computer network and a mechanism for retrieving it. A URL is a specific type of Uniform Resource Identifier (URI), although many people use the two terms interchangeably. A URL is most commonly used to reference a web page (HTTP/HTTPS) but is also used for file transfer (FTP), email (mailto), database access (JDBC), and many other applications.

Most web browsers display the URL of a web page above the page in an address bar. As an example of a web page URL, https://www.example.com/index.html indicates protocol https, hostname www.example.com, and file name index.html.
Juan Andrés Rodríguez (equestrian)
Juan Andrés Rodríguez Silva (born September 27, 1971) is a Guatemalan equestrian rider. At age thirty-seven, Rodriguez made his official debut for the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, where he competed in the jumping event, along with his horse Orestus VDL. He placed forty-first at the end of the qualifying rounds, with a total of thirty-one penalties.

Equestrian at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Individual jumping
The individual show jumping at the 2008 Summer Olympics took place between 15 and 21 August, at the Hong Kong Sports Institute. Like all other equestrian events, the jumping competition was mixed gender, with both male and female athletes competing in the same division. There were 77 competitors from 29 nations. The event was won by Eric Lamaze of Canada, the nation's first victory in individual jumping and first medal of any color in the event since 1976. Silver went to Rolf-Göran Bengtsson of Sweden, that nation's first medal in individual jumping since 1932. American Beezie Madden, who had led through the three qualifying rounds in 2004 before a bad first final round put her in 30th overall in Athens, took the bronze medal in Beijing.
Håkon Wexelsen
Håkon Wexelsen (9 August 1898–26 June 1979) was a Norwegian plant geneticist.

He was born at Bærum in Akershus, Norway. He took the dr.agric. degree in 1946, and was a professor at the Norwegian College of Agriculture from 1947 to 1968. He served as rector there from 1957 to 1960.

Norwegian University of Life Sciences
The Norwegian University of Life Sciences (Norwegian: Norges miljø- og biovitenskapelige universitet, NMBU) is a public university located in Ås, Norway. It is located  in Akershus county and has around 7,700 students.
Marvin (robot)
Mobile Autonomous Robot Vehicle for Indoor Navigation (Marvin) is a mobile robot developed at Robotics Lab at University of Kaiserslautern, Germany.
This platform consists of a differential drive, a bumper for basic operational safety, planar laser range scanners at the front and back side for obstacle detection, a belt of ultrasonic sensors for recognizing jutting edges such as table tops, a web cam, another fixed laser scanner at a height of one meter for a view free of clutter and a stereo microphone system for localization of sound sources. Its control system follows a behavior-based approach and its mapping abilities rely on a 2D geometric and topological strategy.

Laser rangefinder
A laser rangefinder, also known as a laser telemeter or laser distance meter, is a rangefinder that uses a laser beam to determine the distance to an object. The most common form of laser rangefinder operates on the time of flight principle by sending a laser pulse in a narrow beam towards the object and measuring the time taken by the pulse to be reflected off the target and returned to the sender. Due to the high speed of light, this technique is not appropriate for high precision sub-millimeter measurements, where triangulation and other techniques are often used instead. Laser rangefinders are sometimes classified as type of handheld scannerless lidar.
Gymnastics at the 2018 Mediterranean Games – Men's artistic qualification
Qualification for men's artistic gymnastics competitions at the 2018 Mediterranean Games was held at the Pavelló Olímpic de Reus between 23 and 24 June 2018. Qualification for the individual all-around and individual apparatus finals was achieved through the team competition for athletes that were part of a team. Individual athletes competed qualification routines at the same time as the team competition. The top 22 all-around scores progressed to the all-around final and the top 8 scores on each apparatus progressed to the relevant apparatus final. There was a limit of 2 athletes per country in each final.

2018 Mediterranean Games
The 2018 Mediterranean Games (Catalan: Jocs Mediterranis de 2018, Spanish: Juegos Mediterráneos de 2018), officially known as the XVIII Mediterranean Games (Catalan: XVIII Jocs Mediterranis, Spanish: XVIII Juegos Mediterráneos) and commonly known as Tarragona 2018, was an international multi-sport event held from 22 June to 1 July 2018 in Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain. Tarragona was announced as the host city at the ICMG General Assembly in Mersin, Turkey, on 15 October 2011.
Söğüt, Hassa
Söğüt is a neighbourhood of the municipality and district of Hassa, Hatay Province, Turkey. It had a population of 1,379 in 2022. Before the 2013 reorganisation, it was a town (belde).

In late 19th century, German orientalist Martin Hartmann listed the village as a settlement of 30 houses inhabited by Turks.

Martin Hartmann
Martin Hartmann (9 December 1851, Breslau – 5 December 1918, Berlin) was a German orientalist, who specialized in Islamic studies.

In 1875, he received his doctorate at the University of Leipzig as a student of Heinrich Leberecht Fleischer. From 1876 to 1887 he served as a dragoman at the German General Consulate in Beirut. From 1887 until his death in 1918 he taught classes at the Department of Oriental Languages in Berlin.

As a professor in Berlin he strove hard for the recognition of Islamic studies as an independent discipline. His numerous contributions to the field of Islamic studies were based on a sociological standpoint. Many of these works were published in the journal "Die Welt des Islams" (The World of Islam), a publication of the "Deutsche Gesellschaft für Islamkunde", an organization that Hartmann was a co-founder of in 1912.
Japanese theorem for cyclic polygons
In geometry, the Japanese theorem states that no matter how one triangulates a cyclic polygon, the sum of inradii of triangles is constant.: p. 193

Conversely, if the sum of inradii is independent of the triangulation, then the polygon is cyclic. The Japanese theorem follows from Carnot's theorem; it is a Sangaku problem.

Circumscribed circle
In geometry, a circumscribed circle for a set of points is a circle passing through each of them. Such a circle is said to circumscribe the points or a polygon formed from them; such a polygon is said to be inscribed in the circle.

Circumcircle, the circumscribed circle of a triangle, which always exists for a given triangle.

Cyclic polygon, a general polygon that can be circumscribed by a circle. The vertices of this polygon are concyclic points. All triangles are cyclic polygons.

Cyclic quadrilateral, a special case of a cyclic polygon.
Wiek County
Wiek County (German: Kreis Wiek or Kreis Hapsal, Estonian: Lääne kreis, Russian: Гапсальскій/Викскій уѣздъ, romanized: Gapsalskiy/Vikskiy uyezd) was one of the four counties of the Russian Empire located in the Governorate of Estonia. It was situated in the western part of the governorate (in the northwestern part of present-day Estonia). Its capital was Haapsalu (Hapsal). The territory of Wiek County corresponds to present-day Lääne and Hiiu counties, the westernmost part of Rapla County, and a small part of Pärnu County.

Uezd
An uezd (also spelled uyezd or uiezd; Russian: уе́зд (pre-1918: уѣздъ), IPA: [ʊˈjest]), or povit in a Ukrainian context (Ukrainian: повіт), was a type of administrative subdivision of the Grand Duchy of Moscow, the Tsardom of Russia, the Russian Empire, the Russian SFSR, and the early Soviet Union, which was in use from the 13th century. For most of Russian history, uezds were a second-level administrative division. By sense, but not by etymology, uezd approximately corresponds to the English "county".