hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Joseph and Michael Hofer
Joseph and Michael Hofer were brothers who died from mistreatment at the United States Disciplinary Barracks, Fort Leavenworth in 1918. The pair, who were Hutterites from South Dakota, were among four conscientious objectors from their Christian colony who had been court-martialed and sentenced to twenty years imprisonment for refusing to be drafted in to the United States Army during World War I. After initially being sent to Fort Alcatraz for refusal to comply with military orders and discipline, Joseph and Michael were transferred to Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, where they both died within two weeks of their arrival. Their bodies were returned to their families in military uniforms that they had refused to wear.

The death of the brothers contributed to the decision by Hutterites to begin emigrating to Canada in 1918 and in subsequent years.

Conscientious objector
A conscientious objector is an "individual who has claimed the right to refuse to perform military service" on the grounds of freedom of conscience or religion. The term has also been extended to objecting to working for the military–industrial complex due to a crisis of conscience. In some countries, conscientious objectors are assigned to an alternative civilian service as a substitute for conscription or military service.

A number of organizations around the world celebrate the principle on May 15 as International Conscientious Objection Day.

On March 8, 1995, the United Nations Commission on Human Rights resolution 1995/83 stated that "persons performing military service should not be excluded from the right to have conscientious objections to military service". This was re-affirmed on April 22, 1998, when resolution 1998/77 recognized that "persons [already] performing military service may develop conscientious objections".
It's a Boy (film)
It's a Boy is a 1933 British comedy film directed by Tim Whelan and starring Leslie Henson, Albert Burdon and Edward Everett Horton. It is a farce about a blackmailer who attempts to demand money from a young woman on the brink of marriage. It was based on the 1931 play It's a Boy by Austin Melford, an English adaption of the 1926 play Hurra, ein Junge by Franz Arnold and Ernst Bach. with sets designed by the art director Alex Vetchinsky.

Alex Vetchinsky
Alex Vetchinsky (né Alec Hyman Vetchinsky; 9 November 1904 – 4 March 1980) was a BAFTA nominated British film art director and production designer. He worked on more than a hundred productions during a career that lasted between 1928 and 1974. Vetchinsky was employed for many years at Gainsborough Pictures. He later worked frequently for Rank, including on several Carry On films.
Romanesca
Romanesca is a melodic-harmonic formula popular from the mid–16th to early–17th centuries that was used as an aria formula for singing poetry and as a subject for instrumental variation. The pattern, which is found in an endless collection of compositions labeled romanesca, perhaps from northern-central Italy, is a descending descant formula within a chordal progression that has a bass which moves by 4ths. The formula was not to be viewed as a fixed tune, but as a framework over which elaborate ornamentation can occur. It was most popular with Italian and Spanish composers of the Renaissance and early Baroque period. It was also used by vihuelistas including Luis de Narváez, Alonso Mudarra, Enríquez de Valderrábano, and Diego Pisador.

Luis de Narváez
Luis de Narváez (fl. Approx: 1490 - 1550

was a Spanish composer and vihuelist. Highly regarded and infleuntial his works are still performed to this day including his very famous "Guárdame Las Vacas" which is popular with classical guitarists. Narváez is also known for  Los seys libros del Delphín, a collection of polyphonic music for the vihuela which includes the earliest known variation sets and other works.
Januli I da Corogna
Januli I da Corogna was the first autonomous lord of the Aegean island of Sifnos.

As his name reveals, Januli da Corogna probably hailed from Coruña, and was a Knight Hospitaller. In 1307, he seized the island of Sifnos, renounced his allegiance to the Knights, and declared himself its lord. Like most of the Cyclades, Sifnos had come under the Sanudo-ruled Duchy of the Archipelago in the aftermath of the Fourth Crusade. It was then recovered for the Byzantine Empire by the adventurer Licario in the 1270s, and remained under Byzantine control until captured by Januli. The Sanudo Dukes of the Archipelago, who considered the island rightfully theirs, protested Januli's action, but in vain. The Corogna family continued to hold the island as an independent lordship until 1456, when it passed to the Gozzadini family, who in turn ruled it until it was annexed by the Ottoman Empire in 1617.

Cyclades
The Cyclades (/ˈsɪklədiːz/; Greek: Κυκλάδες, romanized: Kykládes, IPA: [ciˈkla.ðes]) are an island group in the Aegean Sea, southeast of mainland Greece and a former administrative prefecture of Greece. They are one of the island groups which constitute the Aegean archipelago. The name (Κυκλάδες νήσοι, Kykládes nísoi, 'encircling islands') refers to the archipelago forming a circle around the sacred island of Delos. The largest island of the Cyclades is Naxos; the most populated, however, is Syros.
Another Late Night: Kid Loco
Another Late Night: Kid Loco is a DJ mix album, mixed by Kid Loco. It is the seventh in the Another Late Night / Late Night Tales series.
It was released on 10 February 2003 on Late Night Tales in the UK (catalogue no. ALNCD07).

DJ mix
A DJ mix, DJ mixset or DJ set is a sequence of musical tracks typically mixed together by a DJ to appear as one continuous track. DJ mixes are usually performed using a DJ mixer and multiple sounds sources, such as turntables, CD players, digital audio players or computer sound cards, sometimes with the addition of samplers and effects units, although it is possible to create one using sound editing software.

DJ mixing is significantly different from live sound mixing. Remix services were offered beginning in the late 1970s in order to provide music which was more easily beatmixed by DJs for the dancefloor. One of the earliest DJs to refine their mixing skills was DJ Kool Herc. Francis Grasso was the first DJ to use headphones and a basic form of mixing at the New York City nightclub Sanctuary. Upon its release in 2000, Paul Oakenfold's Perfecto Presents: Another World became the biggest-selling DJ mix album in the US.
James Harold Elmsley
Major-General James Harold Elmsley, CB, CMG, DSO (October 13, 1878 – January 3, 1954) was a Canadian military officer who served with the Royal Canadian Dragoons in the Canadian Expeditionary Force during the First World War. Later in the war, he would command the 8th Canadian Infantry Brigade, as well as the Canadian Siberian Expeditionary Force during the Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War.

Library and Archives Canada
Library and Archives Canada (LAC; French: Bibliothèque et Archives Canada) is the federal institution tasked with acquiring, preserving, and providing accessibility to the documentary heritage of Canada. The national archive and library is the 16th largest library in the world. The LAC reports to the Parliament of Canada through the Minister of Canadian Identity and Culture.

LAC traces its origins to the Dominion Archives, formed in 1872, and the National Library of Canada, formed in 1953. The former was later renamed as the Public Archives of Canada in 1912, and the National Archives of Canada in 1987. In 2004, the National Archives of Canada and the National Library of Canada were merged to form Library and Archives Canada.
My Father and My Mother
"My Father and My Mother" is the fourth television play episode of the first season of the American television series CBS Playhouse. The episode starred Gene Hackman as a New York editor struggling as a husband and parent who looks back and learns of the difficulties his own parents faced in life.

The episode was broadcast February 13, 1968, and received an Emmy award nomination for the score, written by Bernard Green.

CBS Playhouse
CBS Playhouse is an American anthology drama television series that aired on CBS from 1967 to 1970. Airing twelve plays over the course of its run, the series won ten Primetime Emmy Awards and featured many noteworthy actors and playwrights.
Ibogamine
Ibogamine is an anti-convulsant, anti-addictive, CNS stimulant alkaloid found in Tabernanthe iboga and Crepe Jasmine (Tabernaemontana divaricata). Basic research related to how addiction affects the brain has used this chemical.

Basic research
Basic research, also called pure research, fundamental research, basic science, or pure science, is a type of scientific research with the aim of improving scientific theories for better understanding and prediction of natural or other phenomena.  In contrast, applied research uses scientific theories to develop technology or techniques, which can be used to intervene and alter natural or other phenomena. Though often driven simply by curiosity, basic research often fuels the technological innovations of applied science. The two aims are often practiced simultaneously in coordinated research and development.

In addition to innovations, basic research serves to provide insights and public support of nature, possibly improving conservation efforts. Technological innovations may influence engineering concepts, such as the beak of a kingfisher influencing the design of a high-speed bullet train.
Papal rescripts
Papal rescripts are responses of the pope or a Congregation of the Roman Curia, in writing, to queries or petitions of individuals. Some rescripts concern the granting of favours; others the administration of justice under canon law, e. g. the interpretation of a law, the appointment of a judge.

Interpretation (Catholic canon law)
Regarding the canon law of the Catholic Church, canonists provide and obey rules for the interpretation and acceptation of words, in order that legislation is correctly understood and the extent of its obligation is determined.
Cristo Rey Kansas City High School
Cristo Rey Kansas City High School is a Roman Catholic high school founded by the Sisters of Charity of Leavenworth in 2006 as a part of the Cristo Rey Network of schools. It is located in Kansas City, Missouri, in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Kansas City-Saint Joseph.

Sisters of Charity of Leavenworth
The Sisters of Charity of Leavenworth is a Catholic religious institute based in Leavenworth, Kansas who follow in the tradition of Saints Vincent de Paul and Louise de Marillac. A member of the Sisters of Charity Federation in the Vincentian-Setonian Tradition, the order operates schools and hospitals in the United States and Peru. Members are denominated with the post-nominal letters SCL.
Risch (surname)
Risch is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bernhard Risch (1879–1962), Liechtenstein politician

Ferdinand Risch (1880–1940), Liechtenstein politician

Martin Risch (1899–1970), President of the Landtag of Liechtenstein

Rudolf Risch (1908–1944), German cyclist

Ernst Risch (1911–1988), Swiss hellenist and philologist

Joan Risch (born 1930), Massachusetts woman who disappeared from her home in 1961

Jim Risch (born 1943), American politician

Maurice Risch (born 1943), French actor

Neil Risch, American geneticist

Pierre Risch (born 1943), French artist

Robert Henry Risch (born 1939), American mathematician

Vicki Risch, First Lady of Idaho

Patrick Risch (born 1968), Liechtenstein politician

Daniel Risch (born 1978), Prime Minister of Liechtenstein

Neil Risch
Neil Risch is an American human geneticist and professor at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF).  Risch is the Lamond Family Foundation Distinguished Professor in Human Genetics, Founding Director of the Institute for Human Genetics, and Professor of Epidemiology and Biostatistics at UCSF.  He specializes in statistical genetics, genetic epidemiology and population genetics.

Risch received undergraduate training in mathematics at the California Institute of Technology (1972) and his PhD in biomathematics at UCLA (1979).  Prior to his position at UCSF, he held professorial positions at Columbia University, Yale University and Stanford University.  He has been referred to as "the statistical geneticist of our time."

Known for his work on numerous genetic diseases including torsion dystonia, Risch emphasizes the links between population genetics and clinical application, believing that understanding human population history and disease susceptibility go hand in hand.
U Centauri
The designations U Centauri and u Centauri refer to two different stars in the constellation Centaurus.

U Centauri, the variable star designation for a faint Mira variable

HD 108541, a B-type main-sequence star also known by its Latin-letter Bayer designation u Centauri

Variable-star designation
In astronomy, a variable-star designation is a unique identifier given to variable stars.  It extends the Bayer designation format, with an identifying label (as described below) preceding the Latin genitive of the name of the constellation in which the star lies. The identifying label can be one or two Latin letters or a V plus a number (e.g. V399). Examples are R Coronae Borealis, YZ Ceti, V603 Aquilae. (See List of constellations for a list of constellations and the genitive forms of their names.)
Tomás López Landero
Tomás López Landero (born 14 March 1950) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). In the 2012 general election he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies to represent Veracruz's 18th district during the 62nd session of Congress.

LXII Legislature of the Mexican Congress
The LXII Legislature of the Congress of the Union, the 62nd session of the Congress of Mexico, met from September 1, 2012, to August 31, 2015. It consisted of Senators and Deputies in their respective chambers. All members of both the lower and upper houses of the Congress were elected in the elections of July 2012.

Senators were elected for a six-year term during the 2012 elections, allowing them to serve in both the LXII and subsequent legislatures. Deputies, also elected in the 2012 elections, served exclusively during the LXII Legislature.

The composition of the LXII Legislature was as follows:
Johan Nyström (swimmer)
Johan Olof Nyström (born 16 November 1975) is a Swedish swimmer. He was born in Sollefteå, but grew up in Skellefteå, Västerbotten.

He competed at the 2000 Olympic Games in Sydney, Australia.

Nyström represented Sundsvalls SS.

Västerbotten
Västerbotten (Swedish: [ˈvɛ̂sːtɛrˌbɔtːɛn] ⓘ), sometimes called West Bothnia or Westrobothnia, is a province (landskap) in northern Sweden, located by the Gulf of Bothnia. It borders the provinces of Ångermanland, Lapland and Norrbotten. The region is famous for Västerbotten cheese.
She's Gonna Make It
"She's Gonna Make It" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Garth Brooks.  It was released in January 1998 as the second single from his album Sevens. It peaked at number two on the U.S. country singles chart, and lasted 20 weeks on the Billboard chart, while it was a number-one country song in Canada. The song was written by Brooks, Kent Blazy and Kim Williams.

Kim Williams (songwriter)
Kim Edwin Williams (June 28, 1947 – February 11, 2016) was an American songwriter who wrote hits for Randy Travis, Joe Diffie, Reba McEntire, Garth Brooks and many others. Williams was named ASCAP's Country Songwriter of the Year in 1994, won the Country Music Association's Song of the Year award (for "Three Wooden Crosses") in 2003, and was inducted into the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2012.
2025 PU
2025 PU is a near-Earth asteroid belonging to the Apollo group. It has a estimated diameter of 2.1–4.8 meters.

On 2 August 2025, 2025 PU made a close approach to Earth, passing within 53,000 kilometers of Earth with a speed of 10.5 kilometres per second (6.5 mi/s). This makes it the 83rd asteroid to fly within the orbit of the Moon in 2025, and the first asteroid to do so in the month of August. 10 hours after closest approach, on 3 August, it was first observed by the NASA/JPL SynTrack Robotic Telescope in Auberry, California, United States. It was given the provisional designation 2025 PU by the Minor Planet Center, and its detection was announced in a Minor Planet Electronic Circular on 4 August.

Auberry, California
Auberry (/ˈɔːbɛri/) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Fresno County, California, United States. The population was 3,238 at the 2020 census. Auberry is located on Little Sandy Creek 9.5 miles (15 km) west of Shaver Lake Heights, at an elevation of 2,018 feet (615 m).
Always a Pleasure
Always a Pleasure is a live album by Cecil Taylor recorded during the Workshop Freie Musik at the Akademie der Kunste, Berlin on April 8, 1993, and released in 1996 on the FMP label. The album features a concert performance by Taylor with Longineu Parsons, Harri Sjöström, Charles Gayle, Tristan Honsinger, Sirone and Rashid Bakr.

A recording of part five of the concert, titled "Fifth Pleasure", was released by FMP in 1998 on the Taylor compilation album Concrete.

Academy of Arts, Berlin
The Academy of Arts (German: Akademie der Künste) is a state arts institution in Berlin, Germany. The task of the Academy is to promote art, as well as to advise and support the states of Germany.

The academy's predecessor organization was founded in 1696 by Elector Frederick III of Brandenburg as the Brandenburg Academy of Arts, an academic institution in which members could meet and discuss and share ideas. The current Academy was founded on 1 October 1993 as the re-unification of formerly separate East and West Berlin academies.
Ginés de Lillo
Ginés de Lillo (1566 in Murcia – 24 January 1630 in Arauco), a high-ranking officer in the Spanish army, was in 1603 nominated official visitor to the lands between the towns of Los Cauquenes and Choapa, part of modern-day Chile.

Illapel
Illapel (Spanish pronunciation: [i.ʝa.ˈpel]) is a Chilean city, which is the capital of the Choapa Province, Coquimbo Region. It lies along the Illapel River and marks the country's narrowest point along a parallel (94 km). It is located to the east of Los Vilos.
Raffaello Bellucci
Raffaello Bellucci (25 April 1904 – 10 January 1981) was an Italian partisan and politician. A member of the Italian Communist Party, he took part to the Resistance movement under the name of "Franco Nello". He served as president of the Province of Grosseto from 1947 to 1948, and Deputy in the first legislature of the Republic of Italy (1948–1953).

Province of Grosseto
The province of Grosseto (Italian: provincia di Grosseto) is a province in the Tuscany region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Grosseto. As of 2013 the province had a total population of 225,098 people.
2023 GEICO 500
The 2023 GEICO 500 was a NASCAR Cup Series race held on April 23, 2023, at Talladega Superspeedway in Lincoln, Alabama. Contested over 196 laps – extended from 188 laps due to an overtime finish, on the 2.66 mile (4.28 km) superspeedway, it was the 10th race of the 2023 NASCAR Cup Series season.

Lincoln, Alabama
Lincoln is a city in Talladega County, Alabama, United States. It was incorporated in 1911. At the 2020 census, the population was 6,845. It was named for Major General Benjamin Lincoln, who served in the American army during the Revolutionary War.

The Talladega Superspeedway, the International Motorsports Hall of Fame and the Talladega Municipal Airport are all located in Lincoln.
2002 NAPA Auto Parts 500
The 2002 NAPA Auto Parts 500 was a NASCAR Winston Cup Series stock car race held on April 28, 2002 at California Speedway in Fontana, California. Contested over 250 laps on the 2-mile (3.2-kilometre) asphalt D-shaped oval, it was the tenth race of the 2002 NASCAR Winston Cup Series season. Jimmie Johnson of Hendrick Motorsports won the race, his first career Winston Cup Series victory. Kurt Busch finished second and Ricky Rudd finished third.

Ricky Rudd
Richard Lee Rudd (born September 12, 1956), nicknamed "the Rooster", is an American former racing driver and racing team owner. He is the uncle of actor Skeet Ulrich and former NASCAR Busch Series driver Jason Rudd. He retired in 2007 with 23 career wins; twenty were done in a span from 1983 to 1998, where he won at least one race in sixteen consecutive seasons, a mark only surpassed by three other drivers. He was named the 2006 Virginian of the Year and was inducted into the Virginia Sports Hall of Fame in 2007. In October 2010, he was selected to the Hampton Roads Sports Hall of Fame, which honors those who have contributed to sports in southeastern Virginia.
Archie Mitchell (footballer)
Archibald Philip Mitchell (15 December 1885 – 16 April 1949) was an English professional footballer and manager. He is best remembered for his long spell as a centre half with Queens Park Rangers, for whom he made over 300 appearances and later managed. Mitchell began his professional career with Aston Villa.

1907–08 Southern Football League
The 1907–08 season was the 14th in the history of Southern Football League. Queens Park Rangers won Division One, whilst Bradford Park Avenue and Tottenham Hotspur were elected to the Football League. Southend United won Division Two and were promoted to Division One. At the end of the season all the reserve teams left Division Two.
Chandra Muzaffar
Chandra Muzaffar is a Malaysian political scientist, and an Islamic reformist and activist. He has written on civilization dialogue, human rights, Malaysian politics and international relations. Politically, he was Deputy President of Parti Keadilan Nasional from 1999 till 2001.

Foreign relations of Malaysia
Malaysia is an active member of various international organisations, including the Commonwealth of Nations, the United Nations, the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, and the Non-Aligned Movement. It has also in recent times been an active proponent of regional co-operation.
Lee Ji-eun (footballer)
Lee Ji-eun (Korean: 이지은; born 16 December 1979) is a South Korean women's international footballer who plays as a forward. She is a member of the South Korea women's national football team. She was part of the team at the 2003 FIFA Women's World Cup. On club level she plays for INI Steel in South Korea.

2003 FIFA Women's World Cup
The 2003 FIFA Women's World Cup was the fourth edition of the FIFA Women's World Cup, the quadrennial championship of women's national soccer teams organized by FIFA. It was held in the United States from September 20 to October 12, 2003, at six venues in six cities across the country. The tournament was won by Germany, who became the first country to win both the men's and women's World Cup.

China was originally awarded the right to host the tournament, which would have taken place from September 23 to October 11 in four cities. A severe outbreak of SARS in early 2003 affected Guangdong in southern China and prompted FIFA to move the Women's World Cup to the United States, who had hosted the previous edition in 1999. China was instead granted hosting rights for the 2007 FIFA Women's World Cup and financial compensation while the United States Soccer Federation made new arrangements to host at smaller stadiums.
Shield mantis
Shield mantis, hood mantis (or hooded mantis) and leaf mantis (or leafy mantis) are common names for certain praying mantises with an extended thorax aiding it in camouflage and leaf mimicry.  The terms are used for species in the following genera:

Asiadodis

Choeradodis

Rhombodera

Tamolanica

Thorax
The thorax (pl.: thoraces or thoraxes) or chest is a part of the anatomy of mammals and other tetrapod animals located between the neck and the abdomen.

In insects, crustaceans, and the extinct trilobites, the thorax is one of the three main divisions of the body, each in turn composed of multiple segments.

The human thorax includes the thoracic cavity and the thoracic wall. It contains organs including the heart, lungs, and thymus gland, as well as muscles and various other internal structures. The chest may be affected by many diseases, of which the most common symptom is chest pain.