hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Defence (1803 ship)
Defence was launched in 1803 at South Shields. She spent much of her career as a London-based transport. In the 1820s she sailed between Scotland and North America, particularly to Canada. She was wrecked in March 1832.

South Shields
South Shields (/ʃiːlz/) is a coastal port town in South Tyneside, Tyne and Wear, England; it lies on the south bank of the mouth of the River Tyne. The town was known in Roman times as Arbeia and as Caer Urfa by the Early Middle Ages. It is the fourth largest settlement in Tyne and Wear, after Newcastle upon Tyne, Sunderland and Gateshead; in 2021, it had a population of 75,337.

Historically within the county of Durham, South Shields is south of North Shields and Tynemouth across the River Tyne; and east of Newcastle upon Tyne and Jarrow.
MV Sugar Transporter
MV Sugar Transporter was a British built Bulk carrier. It was launched on 25 March 1970 and was sunk at anchorage off Socotra Island near the Horn of Africa in 1991. It was also named the Kefalonia Wind, Sea Transporter, and Sunset. The ship was owned by the Sugar Line Limited, as well as Oceanfever Marine.

Socotra
Socotra, locally known as Saqatri, is a Yemeni island in the Indian Ocean. It is situated between the Gulf of Aden, the Guardafui Channel and the Arabian Sea, and lies near major shipping routes. The largest of the six islands in the Socotra archipelago, it comprises around 95% of the landmass of the archipelago. It lies 380 kilometres (205 nautical miles) south of the Arabian Peninsula and 232 km (125 nmi) east of the Horn of Africa. The inhabitants of the island are called Socotrans, and they speak Arabic and Soqotri.

Socotra is home to a high number of unique species that are endemic. Up to a third of its plant life is unique. Due to the island's unusual geography, it has been described as "the most alien-looking place on Earth". The island measures 132 km (82 mi) in length and 42 km (26 mi) across at its widest. In 2008, Socotra was recognised as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Şerefhan, Çelikhan
Şerefhan, formerly Taşdamlar, Kurdish: Şerefxan) is a village in the Çelikhan District, Adıyaman Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Reşwan tribe and had a population of 324 in 2021.

The hamlets of Çat, Esen, Havuzbaşı and İncesu are attached to Şerefhan.

Adıyaman Province
Adıyaman Province is a province in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. The capital is Adıyaman. Its area is 7,337 km2, and its population is 635,169 (2022). The province is considered part of Turkish Kurdistan and has a Kurdish majority.

Adıyaman Province was part of the Malatya Province until 1954, when it was made into a province as a reward for voting for the winning Democratic Party in the 1954 general election.
Descriptions in antiquity of the execution cross
Descriptions in antiquity of the execution cross, whether by Christians or non-Christians, present the instrument ordinarily used in putting people to death by crucifixion as composed of two wooden pieces. Whether the two pieces of timber of the normal execution cross were permanently conjoined or were merely put together for the purpose of the execution is not stated.

Atypical executions on cross-like structures also took place, "especially when the executioners decide[d] to engage in cruel creativity", as indicated by Seneca the Younger.

Artemidorus of Daldis
Artemidorus Daldianus (Ancient Greek: Ἀρτεμίδωρος ὁ Δαλδιανός) or Ephesius was a professional diviner and dream interpreter who lived in the 2nd century AD.  He is known from an extant five-volume Greek work, the Oneirocritica or Oneirokritikon (English: The Interpretation of Dreams).
Primal Force
Primal Force is a comic book series published by DC Comics from October 1994 to December 1995 and ran for 15 issues. The series starred the Leymen, a magic-themed superhero team in the DC Universe. The series premiered with Primal Force #0 (October 1994; the "zero" issue number is a result of the Zero Hour: Crisis in Time! crossover event during which the series debuted) and ended with issue #14 (December 1995).

Crossover (fiction)
A crossover is the placement of two or more otherwise discrete fictional characters, settings, or universes into the context of a single story. They can arise from legal agreements between the relevant copyright holders (known as intercompany crossovers), common corporate ownership or unofficial efforts by fans.

This is different from a spoof, where one discrete character, setting, or universe, copies another character, setting, or universe, often in a comedic manner.
Daegu station
Daegu station is a station on the Gyeongbu Line and Daegu Metro Line 1 in Chilseong-dong, Buk District, Daegu, South Korea.

In December 2024, the Daegyeong line extension was opened incorporating the station.

Daegu Metro Line 1
Daegu Metro Line 1 was, until mid-2005, the only rapid transit line in the South Korean city of Daegu. It is operated by the Daegu Transit Corporation. The line color is ●scarlet.

The line first began running from Jincheon to Jungangno on November 26, 1997. The section from Jungnangno to Ansim was opened shortly thereafter, on May 2, 1998. The west end of the line was extended from Jincheon to Daegok, reaching its current length on May 10, 2002. However, service on the entire line was stopped for several months in 2003 following the Daegu subway fire.

Line 1's 28.4-kilometre (17.6 mi) course lies entirely within the metropolitan city of Daegu, although proposals have been made to extend it into the northern end of Gyeongsan city. As of 2011, trains run 312 times per day during the week, and 288 times on weekends and holidays. It takes 50 minutes and 30 seconds to go from one end to the other. A southwestern extension was opened on September 8, 2016.
Kikkoman
Kikkoman Corporation (キッコーマン株式会社, Kikkōman Kabushiki-gaisha) is a Japanese food manufacturer. Its main products and services include soy sauce, food seasoning and flavoring, mirin, shōchū, and sake, juice and other beverages, pharmaceuticals, and restaurant management services.  As of 2002, the company was the world's largest producer of soy sauce.  As of 2024, the company's motto is "To promote the international exchange of food culture."

As of 2002, Kikkoman has production facilities in Japan, the United States, the Netherlands, Singapore, and Taiwan; additional facilities have been reported in China and Canada. Kikkoman is the most popular brand of soy sauce in Japan and the United States. The city of Düsseldorf, Germany, is the European headquarters of the company. A plant in Sappemeer, Netherlands, began operations in 1997 and now produces over 400 million litres of soy sauce per year.

Shōchū
Shōchū (Japanese: 焼酎) is a Japanese distilled beverage. It is typically distilled from  rice, barley, sweet potatoes, buckwheat, or brown sugar, though it is sometimes produced from other ingredients such as chestnut, sesame seeds, potatoes, or even carrots.

Typically shōchū contains 25% alcohol by volume, which is weaker than baijiu, whiskey, or vodka, but stronger than huangjiu, sake, or wine. It is not uncommon for multiply distilled shōchū, which is more likely to be used in mixed drinks, to contain up to 35% alcohol by volume.
2025–26 PBA Philippine Cup
The 2025–26 PBA Philippine Cup, also referred to as the PBA season 50 Philippine Cup, was the first conference of the 2025–26 PBA season of the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA). The 50th PBA Philippine Cup started on October 5, 2025 and ended on February 1, 2026. A break was held from November 17 to December 4 to make way for the first window of 2027 FIBA Basketball World Cup qualifiers. The tournament does not allow teams to hire foreign players or imports.

This is the first conference of the Titan Ultra Giant Risers in the league, following Pureblends Corporation's acquisition of the NorthPort Batang Pier franchise. The San Miguel Beermen entered this conference as the defending Philippine Cup champions, and successfully defended the title in a rematch of the last year's finals against the TNT Tropang 5G.

NorthPort Batang Pier
The NorthPort Batang Pier were a Philippine Basketball Association (PBA) team that first played in the 2012–13 PBA season. The team took over the franchise of the Powerade Tigers in 2012 after it was sold to Sultan 900 Capital, Inc. Besides NorthPort, team owner Mikee Romero also co-owned the AirAsia Philippine Patriots of the ASEAN Basketball League. The franchise was bought by Pureblends Corporation in 2025, converting the team into the Titan Ultra Giant Risers.
AVIF
AV1 Image File Format (AVIF) is an open, royalty-free file format specification for storing images or image sequences compressed with AV1 in the HEIF container format. It competes with HEIC, which uses the same container format, built upon ISOBMFF, but HEVC for compression. Version 1.0.0 of the AVIF specification was finalized in February 2019. Version 1.1.0 was finalized in April 2022.

In a number of tests by Netflix in 2020, AVIF showed better compression efficiency than JPEG as well as better detail preservation, fewer blocking artifacts and less color bleeding around hard edges in composites of natural images, text, and graphics.

According to the website caniuse.com, AVIF support is available in all the major web browsers (accounting for over 93% of all web browsers by use).

Color bleeding (computer graphics)
In computer graphics and 3D rendering, color bleeding is the phenomenon in which objects or surfaces are colored by reflection of colored light from nearby surfaces.

This is a visible effect that appears when a scene is rendered with Radiosity or full global illumination, or can otherwise be simulated by adding colored lights to a 3D scene.
Hydrogenated polydec-1-ene
Hydrogenated poly-1-decene is a colourless glazing agent. It is "a mixture of isoparaffinic molecules of known structure, prepared by hydrogenation of mixtures of tri-, tetra- penta- and hexa-1-decenes". It was reviewed in 2001 by the Scientific Committee on Food of the DG Health. It was "proposed as a substitute for white mineral oil. The food additive applications include those of glazing agent for confectionery and dried fruit, and processing aid uses as a lubricant and release agent, especially in bread baking using tins. It has been permitted for use in Finland, and a “Case of Need” has been accepted in the United
Kingdom." The substance is a mix of inert saturated hydrocarbons, which are not easily metabolised.

Scientific Committee on Food
The Scientific Committee on Food (SCF), established in 1974, was the main committee providing the European Commission with scientific advice on food safety.
Its responsibilities have been transferred to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA).
Swiss order of precedence
The Swiss order of precedence is a hierarchy of important positions within the government of Switzerland. It has no legal standing but is used by ceremonial protocol.
The order of precedence is determined by the Protocol Regulations
and the Table of Precedence
of the Federal Department of Foreign Affairs. Unless otherwise noted, precedence among persons of equal rank is determined by seniority. As a general rule, spouses share the same rank.

Protocol (politics)
Protocol originally (in Late Middle English, c. 15th century) meant the minutes or logbook taken at a meeting, upon which an agreement was based. The term now commonly refers to an agreement resulting from a meeting, or more generally to any established procedure in an organisation or group, such as a laboratory protocol in scientific research, or a data transfer protocol in computing, or etiquette in diplomacy.

In international law, a treaty that supplements or adds to a pre-existing treaty is often called a "protocol". For example, the Kyoto Protocol was supplemental to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change; Protocol I, Protocol II, and Protocol III supplement the 1949 Geneva Conventions; and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women is supplemented by an Optional Protocol.

The most notorious example of a forged logbook is "The Protocols of the Elders of Zion".
Knight Flower
Knight Flower (Korean: 밤에 피는 꽃) is a 2024 South Korean television series starring Lee Hanee, Lee Jong-won, Kim Sang-joong, and Lee Ki-woo. It is based on a webtoon of the same Korean title, which was launched through KakaoPage on August 14, 2023. It aired on MBC TV from January 12, to February 17, 2024, every Friday and Saturday at 21:50 (KST). It is also available for streaming on Wavve and Coupang Play in South Korea, on Kocowa in the Americas, and on Viki in selected regions.

The series received audience acclaim, with its final episode recording 18.4% in nationwide ratings and achieved a new record of being number one of any Friday–Saturday dramas in MBC history.

Kocowa
Kocowa (stylized as KOCOWA) is an American over-the-top streaming service headquartered in Los Angeles as a joint venture between the top three Korean broadcast networks: KBS, MBC and SBS along with SK Telecom, who co-founded Wavve in South Korea, to provide Korean entertainment including K-dramas, K-reality, K-variety, and K-pop to the Americas and all with multi-language subtitles.

A subsidiary of Wavve Americas, the name KOCOWA stands for Korean Content Wave. Launched in July 2017, it became the IP holder and content broker for its Korean programs to platforms such as Roku, Comcast, Prime Video, and others. In addition to streaming high-quality Korean content with premium subtitles on these platforms, they also offer access to the largest library of K-Dramas via their app.
Dusky pademelon
The dusky pademelon or dusky wallaby (Thylogale brunii) is a species of marsupial in the family Macropodidae. It is found in the Aru and Kai islands and the Trans-Fly savanna and grasslands ecoregion of New Guinea. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests, dry savanna, subtropical or tropical dry shrubland, and subtropical or tropical dry lowland grassland. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Kai Islands
The Kai Islands (also Kei Islands) of Indonesia are a group of islands in the southeastern part of the Maluku Islands, located in the province of Maluku. The Moluccas have been known as the Spice Islands due to regionally specific plants such as nutmeg, mace, and cloves that originally intrigued the European nations of the 16th century. The coastal zone of the islands are identified as a site of highest marine biodiversity importance in the Coral Triangle.
The Cliff of Sin
The Cliff of Sin (Italian: La scogliera del peccato) is a 1950 Italian melodrama film directed by Roberto Bianchi Montero and starring Gino Cervi, Margarete Genske and Delia Scala.

The film's sets were designed by the art director Alfredo Montori. It was initially distributed by regional independents before being given a second release by Minerva Film in 1951.

Minerva Film
Minerva Film was an Italian film production and distribution company active between 1912 and 1956. It should not be confused with a similarly-named Danish production house.

Founded during the silent era, the company was named after the Roman goddess Minerva. Originally a distribution company, it handled major foreign productions for release in Italy.

It was one of the major companies of the later Fascist period along with Lux, Titanus and Scalera Film. It both distributed and made films through its subsidiary Excelsa Film.

In 1946 the company was involved in a legal dispute with David Selznick over the contract of star Alida Valli.

A major fire occurred in 1947 at the company's offices in Rome. Minerva continued operation as a distributor until it went into liquidation in 1956.
Haplogroup R-FGC21706
Haplogroup R2b, or R-FGC21706/R-FGC50231, is a Y-chromosome haplogroup characterized by genetic marker FGC21706/FGC50231. It is one of two primary descendants of Haplogroup R2 (R-M479), one being R2a (R-M124) and the other being the aforementioned R2b.

R2b and its origin are not very well known, due to the extremely low number of testers who are positive for this SNP, (29/2349 testers on FTDNA are positive for R2b out of the total R2 positive population).

Of the R2b individuals tested, the countries with the highest proportion of testers who are positive for R2b (as opposed to all testers in each respective country), include Pakistan, Tajikistan and Afghanistan, with 2% of testers hailing from Pakistan, 0.6% from Tajikistan, 0.4% from Afghanistan, 0.2% from India, 0.1% from Bahrain and <0.1% in both Saudi Arabia and Iraq

Genetic marker
A genetic marker is a gene or DNA sequence with a known location on a chromosome that can be used to identify individuals or species. It can be described as a variation (which may arise due to mutation or alteration in the genomic loci) that can be observed. A genetic marker may be a short DNA sequence, such as a sequence surrounding a single base-pair change (single nucleotide polymorphism, SNP), or a long one, like minisatellites.
July 1982 lunar eclipse
A total lunar eclipse occurred at the Moon’s descending node of orbit on Tuesday, July 6, 1982, with an umbral magnitude of 1.7180. It was a central lunar eclipse, in which part of the Moon passed through the center of the Earth's shadow. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened. A total lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon's near side entirely passes into the Earth's umbral shadow. Unlike a solar eclipse, which can only be viewed from a relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on the night side of Earth. A total lunar eclipse can last up to nearly two hours, while a total solar eclipse lasts only a few minutes at any given place, because the Moon's shadow is smaller. Occurring about 1.2 days after apogee (on July 5, 1982, at 2:30 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was smaller. It was the longest total lunar eclipse since the 1859 eclipse.: 145

Magnitude of eclipse
The magnitude of eclipse is the fraction of the angular diameter of a celestial body being eclipsed. This applies to all celestial eclipses. The magnitude of a partial or annular solar eclipse is always between 0.0 and 1.0, while the magnitude of a total solar eclipse is always greater than or equal to 1.0, and has a theoretically maximum value of around 1.12.

This measure is strictly a ratio of diameters and should not be confused with the covered fraction of the apparent area (disk) of the eclipsed body. Neither should it be confused with the astronomical magnitude scale of apparent brightness.
Amita Sharma
Amita Sharma (born 12 September 1982) is an Indian former cricketer and current chairperson of the selection panel of the India women's cricket team. She had played primarily as a right-arm medium-fast bowler. She appeared in five Test matches, 116 One Day Internationals and 41 Twenty20 Internationals for India from 2002 till 2014. She played domestic cricket for Railways, Assam and Delhi.

Sharma first played for India in 2002, and soon established herself as an integral member of the side. She took 14 wickets in the 2005 World Cup in South Africa and helped her side into the final.

In 2012, in a WODI against England, Sharma and Gouher Sultana scored 58 for the 10th wicket, which at the time was the highest 10th-wicket partnership in WODI history.

In September 2025, Sharma was appointed as the chairperson of the selection panel of the India women's cricket team. Under her tenure indian women cricket team won the Women's World Cup 2025 which held in India.

Delhi women's cricket team
The Delhi women's cricket team is a women's cricket team that represents the Indian union territory of Delhi. The team competes in the Women's Senior One Day Trophy and the Women's Senior T20 Trophy. The side has won both trophies once apiece. They have also been runners-up twice in the One-Day Trophy and once in the T20 Trophy.
Housing stress
Housing stress describes a situation where the cost of housing (either as rental, or as a mortgage) is high relative to household income.  It may also be used to describe inadequate housing for a proportion of the population.

As a rule of thumb, a household spending 30 percent or more of its income can be considered under housing stress, and under "extreme" housing stress if spending exceeds 50 percent.  Other studies may apply a different threshold, or restrict its definition to households with below average income.  The Economic Research Service of the United States Department of Agriculture classifies counties as under housing stress" if 30 percent or more of its housing units meets one or more of the following criteria: lacked complete plumbing, lacked complete kitchens, paid 30 per cent or more for owner costs or rent, or had more than one person per room.

Plumbing
Plumbing is any system that conveys fluids for a wide range of applications. Plumbing uses pipes, valves, plumbing fixtures, tanks, and other apparatuses to convey fluids. Heating and cooling (HVAC), waste removal, and potable water delivery are among the most common uses for plumbing, but it is not limited to these applications.  The word derives from the Latin for lead, plumbum, as the first effective pipes used in the Roman era were lead pipes.

In the developed world, plumbing infrastructure is critical to public health and sanitation.

Boilermakers and pipefitters are not plumbers although they work with piping as part of their trade and their work can include some plumbing.
Nándor Szenkár
Nándor Szenkár (1857 – 12 August 1927) was a Hungarian composer, conductor and organist.

He was born in Kamianets-Podilskyi, Russian Empire in 1857. As a student of the Franz Liszt Academy of Music in Budapest, he won the Liszt Ferenc Prize. For many years he was the conductor of Rumbach Street Synagogue in Pest. His compositions include two operas, a ballet, several chamber compositions and numerous church compositions. His compositions were performed several times by the Philharmonic Orchestra, and at the Opera House in Budapest.

Szenkár was married to Róza Rottenstein. Their three sons Dezső, Jenő and Mihály became well-known composers and conductors, and their daughter Sarolta was a pianist.

Rumbach Street Synagogue
The Rumbach Street Synagogue (Hungarian: Rumbach utcai zsinagóga), also called the Status Quo Ante Synagogue, is a Neológ congregation and synagogue, located in Erzsébetváros, the inner city of the historical old town of Pest, in the eastern section of Budapest, Hungary. Since 2021, the building has also been used as a concert hall and Jewish museum.
Gravvika
Gravvika is a village in Nærøysund Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. The village is located on an isthmus between the Årsetfjorden and the Eiterfjorden. Gravvika is about 20 kilometres (12 mi) north of the town of Kolvereid. Gravvik Church is located in the village.

Agriculture and fishing have traditionally been the primary industries in Gravvik. Today, fish farms, including both salmon and halibut, as well as shellfish are local important industries.

The village was the administrative centre of the old Gravvik Municipality from 1909 until its dissolution in 1964.

Halibut
Halibut is the common name for three species of flatfish in the family of right-eye flounders. In some regions, and less commonly, other species of large flatfish are also referred to as halibut.

The word is derived from haly (holy) and butte (flat fish), for its popularity on Catholic holy days. Halibut are demersal fish and are highly regarded as a food fish as well as a sport fish.
Battle of Ilomantsi
Battle of Ilomantsi can refer to two battles:

Battle of Ilomantsi (1939), between Finland and Soviet Union during the Winter War

Battle of Ilomantsi (1944), between Finland and Soviet Union during the Continuation War

Battle of Ilomantsi (1939)
The Battle of Ilomantsi was fought from 10 December to 16 December 1939, between Finland and the Soviet Union during the Winter War. Fighting took place near the village of Ilomantsi, in North Karelia, Finland.