hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
McCloud River
The McCloud River is a 77.1-mile (124.1 km) long river that flows east of and parallel to the upper Sacramento River, in Siskiyou County and Shasta County in northern California in the United States. Protected under California's Wild and Scenic Rivers Act (1972), it drains a scenic mountainous area of the Cascade Range, including part of Mount Shasta. It is a tributary of the Pit River, which in turn flows into the Sacramento River. The three rivers join in Shasta Lake, formed by Shasta Dam north of Redding.

Shasta County, California
Shasta County (/ˈʃæstə/ ⓘ), officially the County of Shasta, is a county located in the northern portion of the U.S. state of California. Its population is 182,155 as of the 2020 census, up from 177,223 recorded in 2010. The county seat is Redding. The county is bordered by Modoc County, Lassen County, Siskiyou County, Plumas County, Tehama County and Trinity County.

Shasta County comprises the Redding, California metropolitan statistical area. The county occupies the northern part of the Sacramento Valley, with portions extending into the southern reaches of the Cascade Range. Points of interest in Shasta County include Shasta Lake, Lassen Peak, and the Sundial Bridge.
William Andrews (comedian)
William Andrews (born 10 October 1977 in Salisbury, now Harare, in the former British colony Rhodesia, now Zimbabwe) is a British actor and comedian.

Andrews attended Edinburgh College of Art, where he gained a Bachelor of Arts in Photography.

He won The Tap Water Awards for character standup comedy in the 2003 Edinburgh Fringe Festival performing as Tony Carter, a luckless Geordie. In 2007 he won a Scottish BAFTA for his role in the television show Blowout.

He stars in the BBC TV children's comedy series Sorry, I've Got No Head, alongside David Armand, James Bachman, Marcus Brigstocke, Anna Crilly, Justin Edwards, Mel Giedroyc, Marek Larwood and Nick Mohammed. He also starred in Pixelface. William Andrews is a board member of The Alternative Comedy Memorial Society.

In 2022 he appeared as Josiah in an episode of Series 4 of Ghosts.

Nick Mohammed
Nicholas George Mohammed (born 2 October 1980) is a British actor, comedian and writer. He is known for portraying the character Mr. Swallow on stage and television. He is the creator of the Sky One/Peacock comedy series Intelligence, as well as starring in it alongside actor, comedian and director David Schwimmer. Mohammed portrayed the character of Nathan Shelley in the Apple TV+ series Ted Lasso, for which he was nominated in the Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series category at the 73rd and 74th Primetime Emmy Awards.
Anna Christmann
Anna Christmann (born 24 September 1983) is a German politician of Alliance 90/The Greens who served as a member of the Bundestag, the German parliament, from 2017 to 2025.

In addition to her parliamentary work, Christmann served as Coordinator for Aerospace Policy at the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action in the government of Chancellor Olaf Scholz from 2022 to 2025.

Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy
The Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (German: Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie, [ˈbʊndəsminɪsˌteːʁiʊm fyːɐ̯ ˈvɪʁt.ʃaft ʔʊnt eneʁˈɡiː]; abbreviated BMWE, formerly BMWi) is a cabinet-level ministry  of the Federal Republic of Germany. It was previously known as the "Ministry of Economy". It was recreated in 2005 as "Ministry of Economics and Technology" after it had previously been merged with other ministries to form the Federal Ministry for Economics and Labour between 2002 and 2005. The ministry is advised by the Council of Advisors on Digital Economy.
Jon Snodgrass (sociologist)
Jon Snodgrass (July 27, 1941 – November 5, 2015) was a Panamanian author, born in Colón, Panama, to John Alphonso and Olivia Jane (Chestnut) Snodgrass.  He received his Ph.D. sociology in 1972 at the University of Pennsylvania. He worked in the department of sociology at California State University in Los Angeles.

Snodgrass died in 2015 at his home in South Pasadena.

Colón, Panama
Colón (Spanish pronunciation: [koˈlon]) is a city and seaport in Panama, beside the Caribbean Sea, lying near the Atlantic entrance to the Panama Canal. It is the capital of Panama's Colón Province and has traditionally been known as Panama's second city. City proper located entirely on Manzanillo Peninsula (former island), surrounded by Limon Bay, Manzanillo Bay, and the Folks River. Since the disestablishment of the Panama Canal Zone, suburban corregimiento of Cristobal to include Fort Gulick, a former U.S. Army base, as well as the towns of Cristobal and Margarita; and recent corregimiento of Cristóbal Este now include the town of Coco Solo.
Fighting Odds
Fighting Odds is a 1917 American silent drama film produced and distributed by Goldwyn Pictures and starring stage beauty Maxine Elliott. The film is based on the play Under Sentence by Irvin S. Cobb and Roi Cooper Megrue. The picture was amongst Goldwyn's first productions as an independent producer. It was directed by veteran Allan Dwan and is a surviving film at the Museum of Modern Art, New York, and Gosfilmofond in Russia.

Gosfilmofond
Gosfilmofond is a state film archive in Russia. It is the main film archive of the Russian Federation and a member of the International Federation of Film Archives (FIAF). It is a state cultural institution — curator of films collection and other materials, engaged in collecting, creative production, cultural and educational, research, methodological and informational activities in the field of cinematography. The collection includes some historic American films. The Director-General is Nikolay Malakov.
James Aikman Cochrane
James Aikman Cochrane MC (29 June 1888 – 12 November 1948) was a Scottish soldier of the British Army who won the Military Cross and the Belgian Croix de Guerre avec Palme and Croix de Chevalier de l'Ordre de Leopole during the First World War.

Cochrane was born in Maybole, Ayrshire. With his wife, Margarita "Rita" Forrest McIlvride, he had two children, daughter Marigold and son Peter Cochrane. Their son won a Military Cross during the Second World War in the Western Desert in 1940 and a Distinguished Service Cross in 1941 during the Battle of Keren. He later worked as a civil engineer. He died in London in 1949.

Battle of Keren
The Battle of Keren (Italian: Battaglia di Cheren) took place from 3 February to 27 March 1941. Keren was attacked by the British during the East African Campaign of the Second World War. A force of Italian regular and colonial troops defended the position against troops mostly from Sudan and British India and Free French forces. The town of Keren, in the colony of Italian East Africa, was of tactical importance to both sides. The road and railway through Keren were the main routes to the colonial capital of Italian Eritrea at Asmara and the Red Sea port of Massawa, which surrendered to the British after the battle.
Daniel J. Bradley
Daniel Joseph Bradley is a Canadian-American university administrator, professor, chemist, and petroleum engineer. Since July 2008, he has served as president of Indiana State University. Before that, he served as president of Fairmont State University, beginning in February 2001. He was previously a professor at Montana Tech of the University of Montana where he held several ranking positions as department head, dean, and vice-chancellor.

Bradley's scientific research has focused on thermodynamics and the properties of electrolytes as well as other aqueous solutions. In 1979, he published a paper with Kenneth Pitzer describing the relative permittivity of water at specified ranges of temperature and pressure. It contained what has come to be known as the Bradley-Pitzer equation which has been frequently used by scientists to calculate the coefficients in the Debye–Hückel equation.

Aqueous solution
An aqueous solution is a solution in which the solvent is water. It is mostly shown in chemical equations by appending (aq) to the relevant chemical formula. For example, a solution of table salt, also known as sodium chloride (NaCl), in water would be represented as Na+(aq) + Cl−(aq). The word aqueous (which comes from aqua) means pertaining to, related to, similar to, or dissolved in, water. As water is an excellent solvent and is also naturally abundant, it is a ubiquitous solvent in chemistry. Since water is frequently used as the solvent in experiments, the word solution refers to an aqueous solution, unless the solvent is specified.

A non-aqueous solution is a solution in which the solvent is a liquid, but is not water.
Gommerville, Eure-et-Loir
Gommerville (French pronunciation: [ɡɔmɛʁvil]) is a commune in the Eure-et-Loir department in northern France. In 1973 it absorbed the former commune Grandville-Gaudreville. On 1 January 2016, the former commune of Orlu was merged into Gommerville.

Eure-et-Loir
Eure-et-Loir (French pronunciation: [œʁ‿e lwaʁ], locally: [øʁ‿e lwaʁ]) is a French department, named after the Eure and Loir rivers. It is located in the region of Centre-Val de Loire. In 2019, Eure-et-Loir had a population of 431,575.
Carl Weintraub
Carl Weintraub (born March 27, 1946) is an American actor who appeared on numerous television shows from the 1970s to the 2000s in addition to several films.

Weintraub had a starring role in Coins in the Fountain. He appeared in Beverly Hills Cop and Air Force One. He has also been featured in guest appearances Without a Trace, 8 Simple Rules, Judging Amy, ER, Days of Our Lives, Baywatch Nights, Cagney & Lacey, Trapper John, M.D., Remington Steele, Hill Street Blues, Barnaby Jones and Police Woman.

As a voice actor, Weintraub has appeared in Oliver & Company as the voice of DeSoto.

In 2013, he performed in Breadcrumbs Along the Trail, a solo performance. He is a founder of We Tell Stories, a theatre group.

Weintraub is also a partner in the Firefly Bistro in Pasadena, California.

Without a Trace
Without a Trace is an American police procedural drama television series created by Hank Steinberg that aired on CBS from September 26, 2002, to May 19, 2009, with the total of seven seasons and 160 episodes. The series focuses the cases of a Missing Persons Unit (MPU) of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) in New York City. It starred Anthony LaPaglia, Poppy Montgomery, Marianne Jean-Baptiste, Enrique Murciano, Eric Close, and Roselyn Sánchez.

At the time of its original broadcast, Without a Trace was one of CBS' most successful series, earning high television ratings and winning a Primetime Emmy Award. On May 19, 2009, CBS announced the cancellation of the series after seven seasons.
Dominika Chorosińska
Dominika Małgorzata Chorosińska (née Figurska; born 28 December 1978 in Elbląg) is a Polish politician from Law and Justice and former actress. She has been a Member of the Sejm since 2019. She also served as Minister of Culture and National Heritage for two weeks from 27 November to 13 December 2023.

2019 Polish parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Poland on 13 October 2019. All 460 members of the Sejm and 100 senators of the Senate were elected. The ruling right-wing Law and Justice (PiS) won re-election to a second term retaining its majority in the Sejm. However, it lost  its majority in the Senate to the opposition. With 43.6% of the popular vote, Law and Justice received the highest vote share by any party since Poland returned to democracy in 1989. The turnout was the highest for a parliamentary election since the first free elections after the fall of communism in 1989, though it was later surpassed by the 2023 parliamentary election. For the first time after 1989, the ruling party controlled one house, while the opposition controlled the other.
Hakea stenocarpa
Hakea stenocarpa is a shrub in the family Proteaceae, commonly known as narrow-fruited hakea. It has scented creamy-white flowers in clusters, often with curling leaves and is endemic to an area in the Mid West, western Wheatbelt, Peel and the South West regions of Western Australia.

Mid West (Western Australia)
The Mid West region is one of the nine regions of Western Australia.  It is a sparsely populated region extending from the west coast of Western Australia, about 200 kilometres (120 mi) north and south of its administrative centre of Geraldton and inland to 450 kilometres (280 mi) east of Wiluna in the Gibson Desert.

It has a total area of 285,497 square kilometres (110,231 sq mi), and a permanent population of about 54,000 people, more than half of those in Geraldton.
White South African refugees in the US (60 Minutes segment)
A segment on White South African refugees in the United States is expected to be broadcast in a future episode of 60 Minutes, a television news magazine from CBS News. Presented by correspondent Anderson Cooper and produced by Michael Gavshon, the segment discusses the Trump Administration's acceptance of White South African refugees to the United States.

On January 8, 2026, Status, a news site edited by Oliver Darcy, published an investigation into the showing the segment had been subject to an "abnormal" level of editorial scrutiny, including a personal screening by Bari Weiss, editor of CBS News. The report noted that process has "exasperated" producer Michael Gavshon, and that the segment's air date was unclear. CBS News subsequently denied reports it had delayed the segment.

Bari Weiss
Bari Weiss (/ˈbæri waɪs/ BARR-ee WYSS; born March 25, 1984) is an American political commentator who is the editor-in-chief of CBS News. She was an op-ed and book review editor at The Wall Street Journal from 2013 to 2017 and an op-ed staff editor and writer on culture and politics at The New York Times from 2017 to 2020. Since March 1, 2021, she has worked as a regular columnist for the German daily newspaper Die Welt. Weiss founded the media company The Free Press (formerly Common Sense) and hosts the podcast Honestly.
2008 Royal Challengers Bangalore season
Royal Challengers Bangalore is a franchise cricket team based in Bangalore, India, which plays in the Indian Premier League. They were one of the eight teams that competed in the 2008 Indian Premier League. They were captained by Rahul Dravid. The team finished seventh during the league stage and did not qualify for the play-offs.

2008 Indian Premier League
The 2008 Indian Premier League season was the inaugural season of the Indian Premier League, established by the BCCI in 2007. The season commenced on 18 April 2008 with the final match was held on 1 June 2008. The competition started with a double round robin league stage, in which each of the 8 teams played a home match and an away match against every other team. These matches were followed by two semi-finals and a final.

In a match which went down to the last ball, Rajasthan Royals defeated Chennai Super Kings in the final to win the title, with Yusuf Pathan named the player of the match in the Finals and Shane Watson adjudged the player of the tournament. Sohail Tanvir won the purple cap for being the top wicket-taking bowler while Shaun Marsh won the orange cap for leading run-scorer in the tournament. Shreevats Goswami was awarded the best under-19 player award and the special award for Fair Play was won by the CSK.
Canoeing at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Qualification
This article details the qualifying phase for canoeing at the 2024 Summer Olympics.  Similar to the previous editions, the International Olympic Committee and the International Canoe Federation (ICF) had established a qualification system for both slalom and sprint canoeing. The quota places had already been set for each event by the ICF in October 2022.

International Canoe Federation
The International Canoe Federation (ICF) is the umbrella organization of all national canoe organizations worldwide. It is headquartered in Lausanne, Switzerland, and administers all aspects of canoe sport worldwide. 157 countries are affiliated with the ICF after seven national federations were added at the 2008 ICF Congress in Rome.
Edward C. McFetridge
Edward Clinton McFetridge (April 15, 1836 – February 17, 1914) was an American lawyer, businessman, and Republican politician.  He was the 9th State Treasurer of Wisconsin (1882–1887) and served 4 years in the Wisconsin Legislature, representing Dodge County.

Wisconsin State Legislature
The Wisconsin State Legislature is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Wisconsin. The legislature is a bicameral body composed of the upper house, Wisconsin State Senate, and the lower Wisconsin State Assembly, both of which have had Republican majorities since January 2011. With both houses combined, the legislature has 132 members representing an equal number of constituent districts. The legislature convenes at the state capitol in Madison.

The current sitting is the 107th Wisconsin Legislature.
Legions (film)
Legions (Spanish: Legiones), also known as Cosa e' Mandinga, is a 2022 Argentine supernatural horror film written and directed by Fabián Forte. It stars Germán de Silva as Antonio Poyju, a powerful sorcerer who must escape from a psychiatric hospital and find his daughter Helena (played by Lorena Vega)—who has forgotten her magical powers—in order to counter demonic forces wreaking havoc across Argentina.

Legions was filmed in Buenos Aires and Misiones Province, Argentina. It premiered in Porto Alegre, Brazil, on 5 January 2022, and screened at several film festivals throughout the year, including the Fantaspoa Festival, Sitges Film Festival and the Fantasia International Film Festival. The film was released by XYZ Films in North America on video-on-demand (VOD) on 19 January 2023.

Magician (fantasy)
A magician, also known as an archmage, mage, magus, magic-user, spellcaster, enchanter/enchantress, sorcerer/sorceress, warlock, witch, or wizard, is someone who uses or practices magic derived from supernatural, occult, or arcane sources.: 54  Magicians enjoy a rich history in mythology, legends, fiction, and folklore, and are common figures in works of fantasy, such as fantasy literature and role-playing games.
Huddleston v. United States
Huddleston v. United States, 485 U.S. 681 (1988), was a case in which the United States Supreme Court held that before admitting evidence of extrinsic acts under Rule 404(b) of the Federal Rules of Evidence, federal courts should  assess the evidence's sufficiency under Federal Rule of Evidence 104(b). Under 104(b), "[w]hen the relevancy of evidence depends upon the fulfillment of a condition of fact, the court shall admit it upon, or subject to, the introduction of evidence sufficient to support a finding of the fulfillment of the condition."

Federal Rules of Evidence
First adopted in 1975, the Federal Rules of Evidence codify the evidence law that applies in United States federal courts. In addition, many states in the United States have either adopted the Federal Rules of Evidence, with or without local variations, or have revised their own evidence rules or codes to at least partially follow the federal rules.
Curia Calabra
The Curia Calabra was a religious station or templum used for the ritual observation of the new moon in ancient Rome. Although its exact location is unclear, it was most likely a roofless enclosure in front of an augural hut (auguraculum), on the southwest flank of the Area Capitolina, the precinct of the Temple of Capitoline Jupiter. Servius identifies the Curia Calabra with a Casa Romuli ("Hut of Romulus") on the Capitoline, but Macrobius implies that it was adjacent to the Casa.

The Roman calendar was originally lunar. On the Kalends or first day of each month, the pontifex minor occupied the Curia Calabra to await the sighting of the new moon. The Rex Sacrificulus and the pontifex then carried out a res divina (religious service) and sacrifice in honor of Juno, and the Roman people were called to assembly (in comitia calata). Like calata, the name Calabra probably derives from calare, "to summon" or "proclaim".

Rex Sacrorum
In ancient Roman religion, the rex sacrorum ("king of the sacred things", also sometimes rex sacrificulus) was a senatorial priesthood reserved for patricians. Although in the historical era, the pontifex maximus was the head of Roman state religion, Festus says that in the ranking of the highest Roman priests (ordo sacerdotum), the rex sacrorum was of highest prestige, followed by the flamines maiores (Flamen Dialis, Flamen Martialis, Flamen Quirinalis) and the pontifex maximus. The rex sacrorum was based in the Regia.
Rahul Sharma (Gujarat police)
Rahul Sharma is an ex Indian Police Service (IPS) officer of the Gujarat cadre turned practicing lawyer with Gujarat High Court. He was inducted into the service in 1992. He played a crucial role in policing operations during the 2002 Gujarat riots. He was seconded to the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) in 2004, and served there for the next three years. Later, he served as the DIG (armed unit) at Rajkot, Gujarat until seeking voluntary retirement from active service in 2015.

Rajkot
Rajkot (Hindi: [ˈraːdʒkoːʈ] ⓘ) is the fourth-largest city in the western Indian state of Gujarat, after Ahmedabad, Surat, and Vadodara. It is in the centre of the Saurashtra region of Gujarat. Rajkot is the 35th-largest metropolitan area in India, with a population of more than 2 million as of 2021. Rajkot is the 6th cleanest city of India, and it is the 22nd fastest-growing city in the world as of March  2021. It is located on the banks of the Aji and Nyari rivers. Rajkot was the capital of the Saurashtra State from 15 April 1948 to 31 October 1956, before its merger with Bombay State on 1 November 1956. Rajkot was reincorporated into Gujarat State on 1 May 1960.
Kawachi-Kosaka Station
Kawachi-Kosaka Station (河内小阪駅, Kawachi-Kosaka-eki; station number: A08) is a passenger railway station in located in the city of Higashiōsaka,  Osaka Prefecture, Japan, operated by the private railway operator Kintetsu Railway.

Kintetsu Railway
Kintetsu Railway Co., Ltd. (近畿日本鉄道株式会社, Kinki-nippon Tetsudō Kabushiki-gaisha), referred to as Kintetsu (近鉄) and officially Kinki-Nippon Railway, is a Japanese passenger railway company, managing infrastructure and operating passenger train service. Its railway system is the largest in Japan, excluding Japan Railways Group. The railway network connects Osaka, Nara, Kyoto, Nagoya, Tsu, Ise, and Yoshino. Kintetsu Railway Co., Ltd. is a wholly owned subsidiary of Kintetsu Group Holdings Co., Ltd.
Oxyphenisatine
Oxyphenisatine (or oxyphenisatin) is a laxative.   It is closely related to bisacodyl, sodium picosulfate, and phenolphthalein. Long-term use is associated with liver damage, and as a result, it was withdrawn in most countries in the early 1970s.  The acetate derivative oxyphenisatine acetate was also once used as a laxative.

Natural chemical compounds similar to oxyphenisatine may be present in prunes, but a recent review of the relevant scientific literature suggests that the laxative effect of prunes is due to other constituents including phenolic compounds (mainly neochlorogenic acids and chlorogenic acids) and sorbitol.  Oxyphenisatin has cathartic properties.

Neochlorogenic acid
Neochlorogenic acid is a natural polyphenol found in some dried fruits and other plant sources, such as peaches. It is an isomer of chlorogenic acid; both of these are members of the caffeoylquinic acid class of molecules.
Andrew Pollock
Andrew Pollock is the name of two cricketers:

Andrew Maclean Pollock (1914–1969), Scottish-born South African cricketer

Andrew Graeme Pollock (born 1969), South African cricketer, grandson of Andrew Maclean Pollock

Andrew Maclean Pollock
Andrew Maclean Pollock (11 June 1914 – 19 December 1969) was a Scottish-born South African cricketer, who played a small number of first-class matches for Orange Free State. A left-handed batsman and wicketkeeper, he was the father of Peter Pollock and Graeme Pollock, the grandfather of Shaun, Anthony and Andrew Graeme Pollock, and the brother in law of Robert Howden.