hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Peter Barker (physicist)
Peter Barker (born 1967) is an Australian-born British physicist.

Barker obtained his PhD in Physics in 1996 from the University of Queensland under the supervision of Halina Rubinsztein-Dunlop.

From 1997 to 2000, he was a postdoctoral fellow and lecturer at Princeton University in the US. From 2001 to 2006, he was a lecturer at Heriot-Watt University in Edinburgh in the UK. He held an EPSRC Research Fellowship from 2005–2010. In 2006, he moved to University College London as Reader and became a Professor in 2007.

He was the head of the Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Positron Physics group in the Department of Physics and Astronomy at University College London (UCL). Since 2005, his research has concentrated on the cooling, manipulation and transport of atoms, molecules and nanoparticles in optical tweezers. In 2017, he began to explore experimental approaches to create a micron-sized fridge using optical refrigeration of a submicrometre crystal suspended in optical and ion traps.

Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
The Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) is a council of UK Research and Innovation (UKRI), a non-departmental public body sponsored by the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology, responsible for funding grants to undertake research and postgraduate degrees in engineering and the physical sciences, mainly to universities in the United Kingdom. EPSRC research areas include mathematics, physics, chemistry, artificial intelligence and computer science, but exclude particle physics, nuclear physics, space science and astronomy (which fall under the remit of the Science and Technology Facilities Council).
Emily S. Oakey
Emily S. Oakey (sometimes incorrectly spelled, "Oakley"; October 8, 1829 – May 11, 1883) was an American educator, author, and poet from New York. She published Dialogues and Conversations (1879) and At the Foot of Parnassus (1883), the latter of which included many poems that had first appeared in prominent periodicals such as The Century Magazine and The Springfield Republican. Writing the lyrics to the hymn “What Shall the Harvest Be?” in 1850, Oakey contributed poems to both literary and religious publications during her career. She spent nearly three decades teaching languages and literature at the Albany Female Academy.

The Century Magazine
The Century Magazine was an illustrated monthly magazine first published in the United States in 1881 by The Century Company of New York City, which had been bought in that year by Roswell Smith and renamed by him after the Century Association. It was the successor of Scribner's Monthly Magazine. It was merged into The Forum in 1930.
Fethiye Mosque (Krujë)
The Fethiye Mosque (Albanian: Xhamia e Fet'hijes), officially the Sultan Mehmed Fatih Mosque of Krujë (Xhamia e Sulltan Mehmed Fatihut), is a former mosque in a ruinous state, located inside the Krujë Castle of Krujë, Durrës County, Albania. Completed in c. 1481 CE, during the Ottoman-era, the former mosque was destroyed in the mid- 20th century. It is situated near the entrance of the Skanderbeg Museum. The former mosque was designated as a Cultural Monument of Albania.

Cultural Monument of Albania
In Albania, a cultural monument (Albanian: monument kulture) is a construction or work of cultural, historical and artistic value that is built in a visible space, made in memory of important events or prominent people. Cultural monuments are usually under state protection as they are evidence of the history of human development, for the preservation of which there is a public interest.
Naomi McClure-Griffiths
Naomi McClure-Griffiths FAA (born July 11, 1975) is an American-born Australian astrophysicist and radio astronomer. In 2004, she discovered a new spiral arm in the Milky Way galaxy. She was awarded the Prime Minister's Malcolm McIntosh Prize for Physical Scientist in 2006 and in 2015 was honored for her research in physics by receipt of the Pawsey Medal from the Australian Academy of Science. This was followed by an Australian Laureate Fellowship in 2021, while in 2022 she was elected a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science.

Australian Laureate Fellowship
The Australian Laureate Fellowship is an Australian professorial research fellowship awarded by the Australian Research Council. Fellows are chosen each year for five-year awards. In 2023 8 industry-focused Laureate Fellowships were awarded for the first time.
Henry Butler (hurler)
Henry Butler (born 1948) is an Irish retired hurler who played as a goalkeeper for the Wexford senior team.

Born in Kilmuckridge, County Wexford, Butler first arrived on the inter-county scene at the age of seventeen when he first linked up with the Wexford minor team, before later joining the under-21 side. He made his senior debut during the 1976 championship. Butler went on to play a bit part for the team over the next few years, and won two Leinster medals as a non-playing substitute. He was an All-Ireland runner-up as a non-playing substitute on two occasions.

At club level Butler is a one-time All-Ireland medallist with Buffers Alley. In addition to this he also won two Leinster medals and ten championship medals.

Throughout his inter-county career Butler made 3 championship appearances for Wexford. His retirement came following the conclusion of the 1979 championship.

Buffers Alley GAA
Buffers Alley is a Gaelic Athletic Association club based in the villages of Kilmuckridge and Monamolin in County Wexford, Ireland. The club fields teams in Intermediate hurling, Gaelic football and camogie. It competes in Wexford competitions.
Cotton rat
A cotton rat is any member of the rodent genus Sigmodon. Their name derives from their damaging effects on cotton as well as other plantation crops, such as sugarcane, corn, peanut and rice.  Cotton rats have small ears and dark coats, and are found in North and South America. Members of this genus are distributed in the Southwestern United States, Mexico, Central America, and South American countries of: Venezuela, Ecuador, Colombia, Peru, Brazil, Guyana, and Suriname. Many of the species are found in Mexico.

They are primarily herbivores. The molars of cotton rats are S-shaped when viewed from above. The genus name literally means S-tooth.

Sigmodon hispidus was the first model organism to be used in polio research.

Plantation economy
A plantation economy is an economy based on agricultural mass production, usually of a few commodity crops, grown on large farms worked by laborers or slaves. The properties are called plantations. Plantation economies rely on the export of cash crops as a source of income. Prominent crops included cotton, rubber, sugar cane, tobacco, figs, rice, kapok, sisal, Red Sandalwood, and species in the genus Indigofera, used to produce indigo dye.

The longer a crop's harvest period, the more efficient plantations become. Economies of scale are also achieved when the distance to market is long. Plantation crops usually need processing immediately after harvesting. Sugarcane, tea, sisal, and palm oil are most suited to plantations, while coconuts, rubber, and cotton are suitable to a lesser extent.
Ctenopterella
Ctenopterella is a genus of ferns in the family Polypodiaceae, subfamily Grammitidoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). It is known from Africa through southeast Asia and Oceania to Polynesia.

Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group
The Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group (PPG) is an informal international group of systematic botanists who collaborate to establish on the classification of pteridophytes (lycophytes and ferns) that reflects knowledge about plant relationships discovered through phylogenetic studies. In 2016, the group published a classification for extant pteridophytes, termed "PPG I". The paper had 94 authors (26 principal and 68 additional).
The classification was presented as a consensus classification supported by the community of fern taxonomists. Alternative classifications of ferns exist and are preferred by some.
Ian Moore (author)
Ian Moore is a comedian, TV and radio performer and author of the Follet Valley mystery series and the Juge Lombard crime novels.

His first book, Death and Croissants, came out in 2021 and became a 'Times' bestseller, has been translated into a dozen languages and has also been optioned for television. His second in the series, Death and Fromage, was nominated for The Lilian Jackson Braun Memorial Award at the Mystery Writers of America Edgar Awards in 2025.

In 2025, Ian contributed to Jeeves Again: Twelve New Stories, a collection of short stories celebrating and inspired by the iconic characters of P.G. Wodehouse.

He is also the author of the memoirs set around his life in rural France.

Edgar Awards
The Edgar Allan Poe Awards, popularly called the Edgars, are presented every year by the Mystery Writers of America which is based in New York City. Named after American writer Edgar Allan Poe (1809–1849), a pioneer in the genre, the awards honor the best in mystery fiction, non-fiction, television, film, and theater published or produced in the previous year.
Yeom Hye-ran
Yeom Hye-ran (Korean: 염혜란; born October 30, 1976) is a South Korean film, television, and theater actress. She is known for her roles in dramas When the Camellia Blooms (2019), The Uncanny Counter (2020–2023), The Glory (2022–2023), Mask Girl (2023), and When Life Gives You Tangerines (2025). She is the recipient of three Baeksang Arts Award for Best Supporting Actress – Television.

Baeksang Arts Award for Best Supporting Actress – Television
The Baeksang Arts Award for Best Supporting Actress – Television (Korean: 백상예술대상 TV부문 여자 조연상; RR: Baeksang Yesul Daesang TV Bumun Yeoja Joyeonsang) is an award presented annually at the Baeksang Arts Awards ceremony organised by Ilgan Sports and JTBC Plus, affiliates of JoongAng Ilbo, usually in the second quarter of each year in Seoul.
Ciabattoni
Ciabattoni (pronounced [tʃabatˈtoːni]) is an Italian surname from Ascoli Piceno and Teramo, derived from a plural term for 'shoemaker' or 'cobbler' (cf. modern standard Italian ciabattino, and the bread type ciabatta). Notable people with the surname include:

Agata Ciabattoni, Italian mathematician

Alex Ciabattoni (born 1994), Australian basketball player

Alex Ciabattoni
Alexandra Antonietta Ciabattoni (born 1 June 1994) is an Australian-Italian professional basketball player for the Perth Lynx of the Women's National Basketball League (WNBL). She played college basketball for the Newman Jets before beginning her career in the WNBL in 2015.
Walter E. Meyers
Walter E. Meyers (July 1, 1939 – March 31, 2022) was an American academic, Professor of English at North Carolina State University (NCSU) in Raleigh, and a linguist.

He remains best known as the author of the seminal study Aliens and Linguists: Language Study and Science Fiction (1980), which won the South Atlantic Modern Language Association Award. Peter Nicholls and John Clute, editors of The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction, praise it as "an excellent and amusing work on linguistics in science fiction." David Langford likewise calls it "by far the best study of the topic."

Science fiction author Suzette Haden Elgin, herself a linguist and a respected figure in the field of constructed languages, wrote, "I'm convinced that Aliens and Linguists would hold my attention even if I had no interest in either of its paired topics."

Charles Williams (British writer)
Charles Walter Stansby Williams (20 September 1886 – 15 May 1945) was an English poet, novelist, playwright, theologian and literary critic. Most of his life was spent in London, where he was born, but in 1939 he moved to Oxford with the university press for which he worked until his death.
Pachydermoperiostosis
Pachydermoperiostosis (PDP) is a rare genetic disorder that affects both bones and skin. Other names are primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy or Touraine-Solente-Golé syndrome. It is mainly characterized by pachyderma (thickening of the skin), periostosis (excessive bone formation) and finger clubbing (swelling of tissue with loss of normal angle between nail and nail bed).

This disease affects more men than women. After onset, the disease stabilizes after about 5–20 years. Life of PDP patients can be severely impaired. Currently, symptomatic treatments are NSAIDs and steroids or surgical procedures.

In 1868, PDP was first described by Friedreich as 'excessive growth of bone of the entire skeleton'. Touraine, Solente and Golé described PDP as the primary form of bone disease hypertrophic osteoarthropathy in 1935 and distinguished its three known forms.

Steroid
A steroid is an organic compound with four fused rings (designated A, B, C, and D) arranged in a specific molecular configuration.

Steroids have two principal biological functions: as important components of cell membranes that alter membrane fluidity; and as signaling molecules. Examples include the lipid cholesterol, sex hormones estradiol and testosterone,: 10–19  anabolic steroids, and the anti-inflammatory corticosteroid drug dexamethasone. Hundreds of steroids are found in fungi, plants, and animals. All steroids are manufactured in cells from a sterol: cholesterol (animals), lanosterol (opisthokonts), or cycloartenol (plants). All three of these molecules are produced via cyclization of the triterpene squalene.
Baurubatrachus
Baurubatrachus is an extinct genus of prehistoric frogs found in the Maastrichtian Marília Formation of Brazil, formerly considered to be related to the extant family Ceratophryidae. However, a detailed assessment of the anatomy and relationships of the single known fossil of Baurubatrachus demonstrated that it is not part of Ceratophryidae and might be part of a much ancient group of Neobatrachia.

Neobatrachia
The Neobatrachia (Neo-Latin neo- ("new") + batrachia ("frogs")) are a suborder of the Anura, the order of frogs and toads.

This suborder is the most advanced and apomorphic of the three anuran suborders alive today, hence its name, which literally means "new frogs" (from the hellenic words neo, meaning "new" and batrachia, meaning "frogs"). It is also by far the largest of the three; its more than 5,000 different species make up over 96% of all living anurans.

The differentiation between Archaeobatrachia, Mesobatrachia, and Neobatrachia is based primarily on anatomic differences, especially the skeletal structure, as well as several visible characteristics and behaviors.
Sanice
Sanice [saˈnit͡sɛ] (German: Sänitz; Upper Sorbian: Senica) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Przewóz, within Żary County, Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland, close to the German border.

From 1975 to 1998, the village was in the Zielona Góra Voivodeship.

Voivodeships of Poland (1975–1998)
The voivodeships of Poland from 1975 to 1998 were created as part of a two-tier method for administering the country and its regions. Between June 1, 1975, and December 31, 1998, pursuant to a law proclaimed on May 28, 1975, Poland was administratively divided into 49 voivodeships, consolidating and eliminating the intermediate administrative level of counties.

The scheme meant that most voivodeships had fewer than 1,000,000 inhabitants. Each voivodeship took its name from a small- or medium-sized town situated near its centre, which would become its capital.
Hamutenya Ndadi
Jason Hamutenya Ndadi (born 1926 in Ouhongo, South West Africa, today Namibia, died 1977 in Angola), also known as Wanehepo, was a Namibian liberation fighter and co-founder of the Ovamboland People's Organization (OPO), the predecessor organization of SWAPO.

Hamutenya died in a traffic accident and was initially buried in the Hainyeko Training Center Cemetery near Lubango in Angola. The body was relocated to his home town of Ouhongo on 6 May 2005.

A street in Windhoek's Olympia suburb was renamed after Ndadi in 2007.

Lubango
Lubango, formerly known as Sá da Bandeira, is a municipality in Angola, capital of the Huíla Province, with a population of 890,384 in 2024. The city center had a population of 600,751 in 2014 making it the second-most populous city in Angola after the capital city Luanda.
Agustinus Adisutjipto
Agustinus Adisutjipto (Perfected Spelling: Agustinus Adisucipto, 4 July 1916 – 29 July 1947) was born in Salatiga, Central Java, and raised as a Roman Catholic. He was the first pilot of the Indonesian Air Force, whose plane was shot down by the Dutch during the Indonesian National Revolution. He was posthumously declared a National Hero of Indonesia in 1974.

Indonesian orthography
Indonesian orthography refers to the official spelling system used in the Indonesian language. The current system uses the Latin script and is called Ejaan yang Disempurnakan (EYD), commonly translated as Enhanced Spelling, Perfected Spelling or Improved Spelling.
Charles Gibson (British politician)
Charles William Gibson (7 April 1889 – 22 March 1977) was a British Labour Party politician.

At the 1945 general election, he was returned as Member of Parliament for Kennington.  When that constituency was abolished for the 1950 general election, he was elected for the Clapham constituency.  He held that seat until the 1959 election, when he was defeated by the Conservative candidate Alan Glyn.
OutLine of his Political Career
Member Independent Labour Party & Labour Party (1909–1964)
Member of the Lambeth Borough Council (1918–1931)
Member of Parliament for Kennington (1945–1949)
Member of Parliament for Clapham (1949–1959)
Member of London County Council (1928–1964), representing Vauxhall
Treasurer of the Trade union group of Labour MPs (1951–1964)
Member of the Estimates Committee of the House of Commons (1958–1964)
Vice-Chair of LCC Housing Committee (1934–1939)
Chair of LCC Housing Committee (1943–1950)
Justice of the Peace (1944–1964)

Alan Glyn
Sir Alan Jack Glyn ERD (26 September 1918 – 5 May 1998) was a Conservative Party Member of Parliament. He was educated at Westminster School and Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, where he read medicine. He proceeded to St. Bartholomew's Hospital Medical School, qualifying as a medical practitioner. He served in the army until 1967.

He married, in 1962, Lady Rosula Windsor Clive, daughter of the 2nd Earl of Plymouth. The couple had two daughters.

He represented Clapham from 1959 to 1964, Windsor from 1970 to 1974, and Windsor and Maidenhead from 1974, to his retirement in 1992, where he was succeeded by Michael Trend.
Żuków, West Pomeranian Voivodeship
Żuków [ˈʐukuf] (German: Suckow an der Plöne) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Przelewice, within Pyrzyce County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) north of Przelewice, 15 km (9 mi) east of Pyrzyce, and 46 km (29 mi) south-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Pyrzyce County
Pyrzyce County (Polish: powiat pyrzycki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in West Pomeranian Voivodeship, north-western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Pyrzyce, which lies 38 kilometres (24 mi) south-east of the regional capital Szczecin. The only other town in the county is Lipiany, lying 16 km (10 mi) south of Pyrzyce.

The county covers an area of 725.71 square kilometres (280.2 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 39,931, out of which the population of Pyrzyce is 12,642, that of Lipiany is 4,124, and the rural population is 23,165.
Averbuch
Averbuch is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Ilan Averbuch (born 1953), Israeli sculptor

Genia Averbuch (1909–1977), Israeli architect

Lazarus Averbuch (1889–1908) Russian immigrant to Chicago who was shot and killed by the Chicago Chief of Police

Yael Averbuch West (born 1986), American former professional soccer player

Ilan Averbuch
Ilan Averbuch (Hebrew: אילן אברבוך; born 1953, Israel) is a sculptor living and working in Long Island City, New York. Averbuch creates large-scale monumental artworks and installations for gallery and museum exhibitions in addition to outdoor public spaces.
Progressive Club
The Progressive Club (Serbian: Напредни клуб / Napredni klub) is a non-governmental organization in Serbia. It was founded in 2007 by Dr. Čedomir Antić. According to its Statute the organization promotes the modernization and reformation of the Serbian state, his politics, economy and the culture. The Progressive Club considers itself as conservative movement in tradition of the Serbian Progressive Party from 1906.

Serbian Progressive Party (Kingdom of Serbia)
The Serbian Progressive Party (Serbian: Српска напредна странка, romanized: Srpska napredna stranka; abbr. СНС or SNS) was a conservative liberal political party in the Kingdom of Serbia that existed from 1881 to 1919.
Cumhur Ersümer
Mustafa Cumhur Ersümer (born 1952, in Çanakkale) is a Turkish politician.

He graduated from Istanbul University Faculty of Law. He served as a freelance lawyer, member of the Radio and Television Supreme Council, 18th, 20th and 21st term Çanakkale deputy, Minister of Energy and Natural Resources and Deputy Prime Minister. 
He was referred to the Supreme Court by the TGNA on July 13, 2004 on the grounds that "He made the agreements and practices against Turkey in the Energy and Natural Gas Agreements, he committed mischief in the purchase and sale of the state, wrong and irregular energy policies applied and abused his office. The Supreme Court sentenced him to 1 year and 8 months imprisonment on 27 July 2007 and delayed his sentence.

Çanakkale
Çanakkale (Turkish: [tʃaˈnakkale] ⓘ), formerly known in English as Dardanelles, is a city and seaport in Turkey on the southern shore of the Dardanelles at their narrowest point. It is the seat of Çanakkale Province and Çanakkale District. Its population is 143,622 (2021).

Çanakkale is the nearest major urban centre to the ancient city of Troy, which (together with the ancient region of the Troad) is also located inside Çanakkale Province. The wooden horse from the 2004 film Troy is exhibited on the Çanakkale waterfront.

Today Çanakkale is the main base for visits to the ruins of Troy and to the First World War cemeteries at Gallipoli. Particularly around 18 March and 25 April (Anzac Day) when there are major celebrations of the events of the war the town is heavily visited.

Çanakkale Airport is 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) from the city centre. AnadoluJet and Borajet have daily flights from Istanbul and Ankara. Intercity buses run to Bursa, Istanbul and İzmir.
Saint-Saturnin
Saint-Saturnin (French for "Saint Saturninus") is the name or part of the name of several communes in France:

Saint-Saturnin, Cantal, in the Cantal département

Saint-Saturnin, Charente, in the Charente département

Saint-Saturnin, Cher, in the Cher département

Saint-Saturnin, Lozère, in the Lozère département

Saint-Saturnin, Marne, in the Marne département

Saint-Saturnin, Puy-de-Dôme, in the Puy-de-Dôme département

Saint-Saturnin, Sarthe, in the Sarthe département

Saint-Saturnin-de-Lenne, in the Aveyron département

Saint-Saturnin-de-Lucian, in the Hérault département

Saint-Saturnin-du-Bois, in the Charente-Maritime département

Saint-Saturnin-du-Limet, in the Mayenne département

Saint-Saturnin-lès-Apt, in the Vaucluse département

Saint-Saturnin-lès-Avignon, in the Vaucluse département

Saint-Saturnin-sur-Loire, in the Maine-et-Loire département

Saint-Saturnin, Puy-de-Dôme
Saint-Saturnin (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ satyʁnɛ̃]; Auvergnat: Sent Sadornin) is a commune in the Puy-de-Dôme department in Auvergne in central France. Its 12th century Romanesque church is a listed monument.