hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ivan Kosobutsky
Ivan Stepanovich Kosobutsky (Russian: Иван Степанович Кособуцкий; 19 March 1895 – 15 November 1974) was a Soviet Army lieutenant general who held corps command during World War II.

A veteran of World War I and the Russian Civil War, Kosobutsky rose to command the 41st Rifle Corps just before Germany invaded the Soviet Union. He led the corps on the Northwestern Front in the first weeks of the war, but was blamed for the fall of Pskov in early July 1941 and imprisoned. Kosobutsky was released early in late 1942 and commanded the 34th Rifle Corps in the Soviet advance through southern Ukraine and into Romania during 1944. His corps was stationed as an occupation force in Bulgaria from late 1944 and Kosobutsky held a series of training posts before leaving service in the early 1950s.

Praporshchik
Praporshchik (Russian: прапорщик, IPA: [ˈprapərɕːɪk], lit. 'ensign') is a rank used by the Russian Armed Forces and a number of former communist states. The rank is a non-commissioned officer's and is equivalent to michman in the corresponding navies. It is usually equivalent to warrant officer class 1 or sergeant major in English-speaking armies. Within NATO forces, the rank is rated as OR-7 or OR-8.
Al-Qahira, Syria
Al-Qahira (Arabic: الصفا, also known as al-Safa) is a village in northern Syria located in the Ziyarah Subdistrict of the al-Suqaylabiyah District in Hama Governorate. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), al-Qahira had a population of 2,947 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly Alawites, including members of the Murshidiyyun sect.

Hama Governorate
Hama Governorate (Arabic: مُحافظة حماة Muḥāfaẓat Ḥamā) is one of the fourteen governorates of Syria. It is situated in western-central Syria, bordering Idlib and Aleppo Governorates to the north, Raqqa Governorate to the east, Homs Governorate to the south, and Tartus and Latakia Governorate to the west. It is the only Governorate (excluding Damascus) that does not border a foreign country. Measures of its area vary from 8,844 km2 to 8,883 km2, with its capital being the city of Hama, also notably being the only Governorate with no land borders with any foreign countries.
Sd.Kfz. 254
The Sd.Kfz. 254 was a German fully tracked armoured scout car employed by Wehrmacht during World War II.

From 1936, the vehicle was developed under the designation RR-7 by the Saurer company as an artillery tractor for the Austrian army. Testing was completed and in 1937, an order was placed for the tractors and they were manufactured in 1938. About 12 vehicles were made prior to Anschluss (the annexation of Austria by Nazi Germany in 1938).

Manufacture of the vehicle continued after the Anschluss. Records indicate that a total of 140 units were built with the new designation RK-7 (Räder-Kettenfahrgestell), although they were named as Sd.Kfz. 254 by the Wehrmacht. The vehicle featured a wheel-track layout and a diesel motor. The wheels were lowered when it was used on roads and retracted for tracked movement cross-country. A number saw service with the Afrika Korps, serving as artillery observation vehicles after being fitted with a radio and rail antenna.

Artillery observer
An artillery observer, artillery spotter, or forward observer (FO) is a soldier responsible for directing artillery and mortar fire support onto a target. An artillery observer usually accompanies a tank or infantry unit. Spotters ensure that indirect fire hits targets which those at a fire support base cannot see.
Herbert Walther
Herbert Walther (January 19, 1935 in Ludwigshafen/Rhein, Germany – July 22, 2006 in Munich) was a leader in the fields of quantum optics and laser physics. He was a founding director of the Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics (MPQ) in Garching, Germany. He also was Chair of Physics at Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. He is primarily known for his experimental work on cavity quantum electrodynamics (in the form of the micromaser) as well his groundbreaking work on the ion trap.

At the time of his death he had over 600 publications and numerous awards from a number of prestigious physics and optics societies. In 1978 he won the Max Born Medal and Prize. In 1988 he received the Einstein Prize for Laser Science, in 1990 he received the Charles Hard Townes Award, in 1993 the Albert A. Michelson Medal from the Franklin Institute in Philadelphia and in 2003 the Frederic Ives Medal of The Optical Society.

Ion trap
An ion trap consists of electrodes that produce electric fields to trap ions (charged particles), which may be atoms, molecules, or large particles such as dust.  Ion traps have a number of applications including mass spectrometry, atomic frequency standards, and quantum computing. In comparison to neutral atom traps, ion traps have deeper trapping potentials (up to several electronvolts) that are agnostic to the internal structure of the ions.  The two most popular ion traps are the Paul trap which uses static and oscillating electric fields and the Penning trap, which uses a static electric field and static magnetic field.  Paul traps are used in trapped ion quantum computers and realizing atomic clocks, including the most precise instrument humankind has ever made.  Penning traps are powerful tools for mass spectrometry and measuring magnetic dipole moments.
Joseph Shine v. Union of India
Joseph Shine v. Union of India., AIR 2018 SC 4898, was a landmark judgement by the Supreme Court of India that decriminalised adultery by stricking down the Section 497 of Indian Penal Code. The ruling is known for recognising principles of equality, individual rights and autonomy, and extending sexual privacy to the fundamental right to privacy.

The judgement was delivered unanimously by a five-judge constitution bench consisting of Justices Dipak Misra, R. F. Nariman, A. M. Khanwilkar, D. Y. Chandrachud, Indu Malhotra on September 27, 2018. The court further clarified its order in 2023 that it did not apply to the military personnel.

Dipak Misra
Dipak Misra (born 3 October 1953) is an Indian jurist who served as the 45th Chief Justice of India from 28 August 2017 till 2 October 2018. He is also a former Chief Justice of the Patna High Court and Delhi High Court. He is the nephew of Justice Ranganath Misra, the 21st Chief Justice of India from 1990 to 1991.
Jas ja imam silata
"Jas ja imam silata" (Macedonian: Јас ја имам силата; English: I have the strength) is a Macedonian pop-rock song, composed by Kristijan Gabrovski and performed by Gjoko Taneski together with Billy Zver & Pejčin as the Macedonian entry for the Eurovision Song Contest 2010. The song was selected on 20 February 2010 from 16 participating songs at the final of Skopje Fest 2010. The song gained the most points in the final and tied for first place with Vlatko Ilievski before being declared the winner.

Music of North Macedonia
Macedonian music refers to all forms of music associated with ethnic Macedonians. It shares similarities with the music of neighbouring Balkan countries, yet it remains overall distinctive in its rhythm and sound.
2014–15 West of Scotland Super League Premier Division
The 2014–15 West of Scotland Super League Premier Division was the thirteenth Super League Premier Division competition since the formation of the Scottish Junior Football Association, West Region in 2002. The season began on 30 August 2014. The winners of this competition were eligible to enter round one of the 2015–16 Scottish Cup. The two last placed sides are relegated to the Super League First Division. The third-bottom placed side will enter the West Region league play-off, a two-legged tie against the third placed side in the Super League First Division, to decide the final promotion/relegation spot.

Auchinleck Talbot won their third successive title on 23 May 2015.

Scottish Junior Football Association, West Region
The Scottish Junior Football Association, West Region was one of three regions of the SJFA which organised its own distinct league and cup competitions.

The SJFA used to be split into six regions, but in 2002 they decided to reform into three (East, North and West) to try to ensure more games between the top clubs and hence increase their revenues. The region covered an area from Girvan in South Ayrshire to Denny in Central Scotland.

In 2020, the region was abolished, as all 63 clubs in the region decided to depart and join the newly-founded West of Scotland Football League.
Lesly Muñoz
Lesly Muñoz is an American Democratic politician currently serving in the Oregon House of Representatives. She represents the 22nd district, which is entirely within Marion County and consists of Hayesville, Gervais, and Woodburn as well as parts of Keizer and Salem.

She defeated incumbent Republican Tracy Cramer by just 161 votes in the 2024 election, with the race not being decided until November 26. While Cramer was up in the initial count on Election Day, vote counts 10 days after put Muñoz ahead by just one vote, with her lead growing from there. Muñoz's victory allowed Democrats to reclaim the three-fifths supermajority in both the Oregon House and Senate which they had lost in 2022.

2024 Oregon elections
A general election was held in the U.S. state of Oregon on November 5, 2024. Primary elections were held on May 21, 2024.

In the early hours of October 28 an incendiary device was placed in a ballot drop box in Portland damaging 3 ballots.
Say a Word for the Poor Hussar
Say a Word for the Poor Hussar (Russian: О бедном гусаре замолвите слово), translit. O bednom gusare zamolvite slovo. Literary “Put a good word for a poor hussar”) is a 1981 Soviet film directed by Eldar Ryazanov, shot in the style of a historical tragicomedy.

Tragicomedy
Tragicomedy is a literary genre that blends aspects of both tragic and comic forms. Most often seen in dramatic literature, the term can describe either a tragic play which contains enough comic elements to lighten the overall mood or a serious play with a happy ending. Tragicomedy, as its name implies, invokes the intended response of both the tragedy and the comedy in the audience, the former being a genre based on human suffering that invokes an accompanying catharsis and the latter being a genre intended to be humorous or amusing by inducing laughter.
Hans Svelland
Hans Svelland (born 28 November 1943) is a Norwegian politician for the Conservative Party.

He served as a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway from Oslo during the term 1973–1977. In total he met during 2 days of parliamentary session. From 1986 to 1989 he chaired the city government of Oslo, after the city had been a pioneer in introducing a such government elected through a parliamentary system.

He chaired the Norwegian Young Conservatives from 1969 to 1971.

Subnational parliamentary system in Norway
The parliamentary system is a part of the Constitution of Norway (§ 15), regarding the national level of administration and how the political executive branch should be formed. From the 1980s it has been used on the subnational levels as well; on the local (in municipalities) as well as regional level (in county municipalities).
Esthesioneuroblastoma
Esthesioneuroblastoma is a rare cancer of the nasal cavity. Arising from the upper nasal tract, esthesioneuroblastoma is believed to originate from sensory neuroepithelial cells, also known as neuroectodermal olfactory cells.

Due to the location of the tumor and its proximity to the cranial cavity, esthesioneuroblastoma can be highly invasive and challenging to treat. There is no consensus on an appropriate treatment approach of esthesioneuroblastoma because of the rarity of the disease. Most studies reported cranial surgical resection with radiotherapy or chemotherapy to target the tumor.

Neuroepithelial cell
Neuroepithelial cells, or neuroectodermal cells, form the wall of the closed neural tube in early embryonic development. The neuroepithelial cells span the thickness of the tube's wall, connecting with the pial surface and with the ventricular or lumenal surface. They are joined at the lumen of the tube by junctional complexes, where they form a pseudostratified layer of epithelium called neuroepithelium.

Neuroepithelial cells are the stem cells of the central nervous system, known as neural stem cells, and generate the intermediate progenitor cells known as radial glial cells, that differentiate into neurons and glia in the process of neurogenesis.
Bob Thomas (Australian politician)
Robert John Thomas (17 October 1954 – 12 December 2016) was an Australian politician.

He was born in Sydney but arrived in Western Australia in 1955. He worked as a clerk before entering politics. In 1989 he was elected to the Western Australian Legislative Council as a Labor member for South West. He was Opposition Whip from 1997 until his retirement in 2001.

South West Region (Western Australia)
The South West Region was a multi-member electoral region of the Western Australian Legislative Council the South West, Peel and part of the Great Southern regions of the state. It was created by the Acts Amendment (Electoral Reform) Act 1987, and became effective on 22 May 1989 with seven members who had been elected at the 1989 state election three months earlier. At the 2008 election, it was reduced to six members. The region included the cities of Albany, Bunbury and Mandurah.

The region, along with all other Western Australian Electoral Regions, was abolished in time with the 2025 state election, following legislation passed in November 2021 to create a single, state-wide constituency of 37 members.
Volodymyr Prokopynenko
Volodymyr Prokopynenko (Ukrainian: Володимир Юрійович Прокопиненко; born 8 November 1962) is a Ukrainian coach Speranța Nisporeni of Moldovan National Division and former footballer. His name also spelled in Ukrainian media as Prokopinenko (Russian-like version).

Prokopynenko is better known playing for FC Vorskla Poltava with which he started back in 1980. He also spent some time in FC Naftokhimik Kremenchuk that competed in lower leagues.

After retiring, Prokopynenko returned to FC Vorskla Poltava where he managed reserve teams. In 2017 he was appointed the head coach of FC Poltava.

FC Naftokhimik Kremenchuk
FC Naftokhimik Kremenchuk is a Ukrainian amateur football club from Kremenchuk, Poltava Oblast.

The football team belonged to the Kremenchuk Oil Refinery and originally was called Naftovyk.

In 1985, there was created Kremin Kremenchuk which was based partially on the Naftovyk team and the football team of SC KrAZ.

In 1992 the club changed its name to Naftokhimik and was admitted to the 1992–93 Ukrainian Transitional League.

During 1996 due to lack of finances professional club was disbanded.
Rivière des Fèves
The rivière des Fèves is a tributary of the Châteauguay River. It flows in the municipalities of Saint-Urbain-Premier and Sainte-Martine, in the Beauharnois-Salaberry Regional County Municipality, in the region administrative Montérégie, Quebec, Canada).

The course of the river is served on the northeast side by the Rivière-des-Fèves North road and on the southwest side by the Rivière-des-Fèves Sud road.

The river surface is generally frozen from mid-December to the end of March. Safe circulation on the ice is generally done from the end of December to the beginning of March. The water level of the river varies with the seasons and the precipitation.

Saint-Urbain-Premier
Saint-Urbain-Premier (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃t‿yʁbɛ̃ pʁəmje]) is a municipality located southwest of Montreal in Beauharnois-Salaberry, in the Montérégie region of Quebec, Canada. The population as of the 2021 Canadian census was 1,332.
East Stow Rural District
East Stow was a rural district in East Suffolk, England from 1894 to 1934.

It was created under the Local Government Act 1894, from the part of the Stow rural sanitary district that was in East Suffolk (the rest forming Thedwastre Rural District in West Suffolk.) Its name derives from the historic hundred of Stow, whose boundaries it closely matched.

It was abolished in 1934 under a County Review Order.  Its area went to form part of Gipping Rural District, with a small part being transferred to Stowmarket urban district. In 1974 the area became part of Mid Suffolk district.

Mid Suffolk
52°09′22″N 1°02′56″E﻿ / ﻿52.1560°N 1.0489°E﻿ / 52.1560; 1.0489

Mid Suffolk is a local government district in Suffolk, England. The district is primarily a rural area, containing just three towns, being Stowmarket, Needham Market and Eye. Its council was based in Needham Market until 2017 when it moved to shared offices with neighbouring Babergh District Council in Ipswich, outside either district. In 2021 it had a population of 103,417.

The neighbouring districts are East Suffolk, Ipswich, Babergh, West Suffolk, Breckland and South Norfolk.
Freak 'n' Roll...Into the Fog: The Black Crowes All Join Hands, The Fillmore, San Francisco
Freak 'n' Roll ...Into the Fog: The Black Crowes All Join Hands, The Fillmore, San Francisco is a live concert album released on DVD, CD and Blu-ray by American southern rock band The Black Crowes in 2006. 
Filmed at The Fillmore in August 2005, this performance was the second of a five-night stand at the theater. The set features guests Dave Ellis and the Left Coast Horns.

All three versions have the same track list, with the CD version being split over two discs between "Sunday Night Buttermilk Waltz" and "Cursed Diamond".  They present the August 6, 2005 show in its entirety with one omission: the Rolling Stones cover "Loving Cup" was performed between "Welcome To The Goodtimes" and "Jealous Again", though the copies of the CD sold at Wal-Mart stores included access to a digital download of the omitted song.

Chris Robinson (singer)
Christopher Mark Robinson (born December 20, 1966) is an American musician. He founded the rock band The Black Crowes, then known as Mr. Crowe's Garden,  with his brother Rich Robinson in 1984. Chris is the lead singer of The Black Crowes, and he and his brother are the only continuous members of the Crowes. He was the vocalist and rhythm guitarist for the Chris Robinson Brotherhood, which toured and recorded from 2011 through 2019. The band broke up after the death of guitarist, Neal Casal, and the Crowes’ return from hiatus, respectively. Robinson is noted for his high tenor vocal range and bluesy vocal runs.
Talk About Body
Talk About Body is the debut album from Brooklyn electropop band MEN. It was released on February 1, 2011 on IAMSOUND Records in the US, and Sony/Columbia in Europe. It received a favorable average score of 64 on Metacritic. 
The song lyrics contain a diverse range of social and political messages. In her interview with MEN for L.A. Music Blog, Kristyn Scorsone described the album as "a dance revolution that is lyrically provocative. Both smart and political, the album talks about not only body, but gay baby makin’, government profiteering in regards to war, feminism, gender politics, and simply how it feels to be getting too old for the club scene."

Reproductive technology
Reproductive technology encompasses all current and anticipated uses of technology in human and animal reproduction, including assisted reproductive technology (ART), contraception and others. It is also termed Assisted Reproductive Technology, where it entails an array of appliances and procedures that enable the realization of safe, improved and healthier reproduction. While this is not true of all people, for an array of married couples, the ability to have children is vital. But through the technology, infertile couples have been provided with options that would allow them to conceive children.
South Allegheny Middle/Senior High School
South Allegheny Middle/High School is part of the South Allegheny School District located in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. The building houses both middle school students (grades 6 through 8) and high school students (grades 9 through 12). The school serves students from Glassport, Port Vue, Liberty, Lincoln, and parts of Elizabeth.

The school provides all of its students with curriculum aligned to Pennsylvania standards, as well as the opportunity to attend Steel Center Vocational Technical School.

Jefferson Hills, Pennsylvania
Jefferson Hills is a borough in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, United States. In the 2020 census, the population was 12,424. It is part of the Pittsburgh metropolitan area.

Part of the West Jefferson Hills School District, Jefferson Hills was created as Jefferson Township. Incorporated on January 22, 1828, it was named after Thomas Jefferson. Before 1998, the borough was known as simply Jefferson.
Ami Miron
Ami Miron (Hebrew: עמי מירון) is an American Israeli entrepreneur and technology developer specializing in consumer electronics, the Internet, and television. He developed and patented the first commercially successful Picture In Picture (PIP) for Philips Electronics. Miron also worked to solve the problem of ghost images on television and led the development of the first high-definition television (HDTV) system in the U.S. He received two Technology and Engineering Emmy Awards for these last two innovations.

Picture-in-picture
Picture-in-picture (PiP) is a feature that can be found in television receivers, personal computers, and smartphones. It consists of a video stream playing within an inset window, freeing the rest of the screen for other tasks.

For televisions, picture-in-picture requires two independent tuners or signal sources to supply the large and the small picture. Two-tuner PiP TVs have a second tuner built in, but a single-tuner PiP TV requires an external signal source, which may be an external tuner, videocassette recorder, DVD player, or cable box. Picture-in-picture is often used to watch one program while waiting for another to start or advertisements to finish.
French cruiser Villars
Villars was the lead ship of the Villars class of unprotected cruisers built for the French Navy in the 1870s. The ships were designed for service in the French colonial empire, and they carried a relatively heavy battery of fifteen 138.6 mm (5.46 in) guns, and could steam at a speed of 14.5 knots (26.9 km/h; 16.7 mph). Villars was laid down in 1875 and was completed in 1881. She saw significant service in East Asia in the early to mid-1880s during France's campaign to secure a colony in Tonkin (now Vietnam) and the Sino-French War that began as a direct result of France's interference in what Qing China viewed as a traditional subordinate country. During the latter conflict, she saw action at the Battle of Fuzhou, where she assisted in the destruction of three Chinese cruisers, and later participated in the blockade of Formosa. The rest of the ship's career passed relatively uneventfully, and in 1896, she was struck from the naval register and thereafter sold for scrap.

Tonkin
Tonkin (Chinese: 東京), also spelled Tongkin, Tonquin or Tongking, is an exonym referring to the area surrounding the Red River Delta of Northern Vietnam. During the 17th and 18th centuries, this term referred to the domain of Đàng Ngoài, under the control of the Trịnh lords, encompassing both the Northern and Thanh–Nghệ regions, north of the Gianh River at the 17.7th parallel. From 1884 to early 1945, the term referred to the French protectorate of Tonkin, which comprised only the Northern region, approximately north of the 20th parallel.