hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Louis Merck
Louis Merck (born 8 November 1854 in Darmstadt, died 15 September 1913 in Darmstadt) was a German chemist and business executive, who was CEO of Merck from 1897 to 1913.

A member of the Merck family, he joined the family company in 1883 as head of research, and became chairman and CEO in 1897. During his tenure, the company held a virtual monopoly on santonin and cocaine.

In 1905, he was appointed by Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse as a member for life of the upper house of the parliament of the Grand Duchy of Hesse. He was also conferred an honorary doctorate at the University of Giessen in 1907. He also received the honorary title Geheimer Kommerzienrat (i.e. "Privy Councillor of Commerce").

University of Giessen
University of Giessen, official name Justus Liebig University Giessen (German: Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen), is a large public research university in Giessen, Hesse, Germany. It is one of the oldest institutions of higher education in the German-speaking world. It is named after its most famous faculty member, Justus von Liebig, the founder of modern agricultural chemistry and inventor of artificial fertiliser. It covers the areas of arts/humanities, business, dentistry, economics, law, medicine, science, social sciences and veterinary medicine. Its university hospital, which has two sites, Giessen and Marburg (the latter of which is the teaching hospital of the University of Marburg), is the only private university hospital in Germany.
Aboubacar Bangoura (footballer)
Aboubacar Bangoura (born 1 January 1982) is a Guinean former international footballer who played as a goalkeeper. Bangoura represented Guinea at the 2006 Africa Cup of Nations.
His first, and to date only, game for the Guinea national team was a 2:3 loss against Senegal at the African Nations Cup in 2006.

Senegal national football team
The Senegal national football team (French: Équipe de football du Senegal), nicknamed Les Lions de la Teranga (meaning: The Lions of Teranga), represents Senegal in men's international association football and is operated by the Senegalese Football Federation.

One of Africa's most famous national football teams, Senegal reached the quarter-finals of the 2002 FIFA World Cup, the second team from Africa to do so (after Cameroon in 1990). They managed to upset defending world champions France, finish second in their group, and beat Sweden in extra time in the round of 16, before losing to Turkey in the quarter-finals.

Senegal won two Africa Cup of Nations titles, in 2021 and 2025. Their first appearance in the competition was in 1965, when they lost 1–0 to Ivory Coast for fourth place. They hosted the 1992 African Cup of Nations, where they made it to the quarter-finals, and finished as runners-up in both 2002 and 2019.
Puli (2010 film)
Puli (transl. Tiger) is a 2010 Indian Telugu-language action drama film written and directed by S. J. Suryah, starring Pawan Kalyan in the lead role, with Nikesha Patel, Manoj Bajpayee, Saranya Ponvannan, Charan Raj, Nassar, and Ali in supporting roles. The film features a soundtrack by A. R. Rahman and cinematography by Binod Pradhan. It was produced by Singanamala Ramesh Babu, on a ₹40 crore budget and was distributed by Geetha Arts. The film was released on 10 September 2010.

Initially titled Komaram Puli, the film was renamed Puli on its second day of release due to objections from Komaram Sony Rao, the grandson of tribal legend Komaram Bheem, whose name had inspired the original title. The Nizam distribution rights were sold to Geetha Arts for ₹12 crore, a record-breaking sum at the time. Despite the high expectations, Puli was critically panned and ultimately became a box-office bomb.

Nassar (actor)
Nassar (born Muhammad Hanif; 5 March 1958) is an Indian actor, director, producer, voice artist, singer and politician who mainly works in the Tamil, Telugu and Malayalam film industries. He has also worked in a few Kannada,  English, Hindi  and Bengali films. He is the incumbent president of the Nadigar Sangam, a trade union for film, television, and stage actors in Tamil Nadu.
Schistura madhavai
Schistura madhavai, is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Schistura, newly distributed from Sri Lanka. It is the second species of Schistura stone loach described from Sri Lanka, the other being the widely distributed native species Schistura notostigma.

Nemacheilidae
The Nemacheilidae, or stone loaches, are a family of cypriniform fishes that inhabit stream environments, mostly in Eurasia, with one genus, Afronemacheilus, found in Africa. The family includes about 790 species.
Battle of Tullich
The Battle of Tullich, also known as the Battle of the Pass near Tullich, occurred on 10 February 1654 in Tullich, Scotland during Glencairn's rising. A Royalist force led by Ewen Cameron of Lochiel, under command of Glencairn, repulsed an attack by the numerically superior Commonwealth forces of Robert Lilburne.

Tullich
Tullich (/ˈtʌlɪx/, Scottish Gaelic: An Tulach) is a village in Aberdeenshire, Scotland.  It is known as the birthplace of St. Nathalan and also as the site of some noted Pictish stones.

The church is the site of a ruined church, built in around 1400. It has been suggested that the medieval church was constructed on the same site as a 7th-century chapel established by Nathalan.
Meenu Dhatterwal
Meenu Dhatterwal (born 23 November 2006) is an Indian kho kho player from Haryana. She plays for the India women's national kho kho team as a defender. She was part of the Indian women’s team that won the inaugural Kho Kho World Cup held at New Delhi in January 2025.

India women's national kho kho team
The India women's national kho kho team represents India in women's international Kho Kho. It is governed by the Kho Kho Federation of India and is a member of International Kho Kho Federation. The team won the World Cup during its first edition in 2025, as a host nation.
Sergei Tchoban
Sergei Tchoban (german: Sergej Tschoban; * 9. October 1962 in Leningrad) is a german architect and artist of russian descent. He is managing partner of the architectural firm TCHOBAN VOSS Architekten and founder of the Tchoban Foundation, which has been based in the Museum of Architectural Drawing in Berlin, built specifically for this purpose, since 2013. Tchoban is member of the Association of German Architects (BDA) and the architectural associations in Hamburg and Berlin.

Association of German Architects
The Association of German Architects (German: Bund Deutscher Architekten, BDA) is an association of architects founded in 1903 in Germany. It publishes the bimonthly magazine der architekt. The BDA has over 5,000 members. In 1995, it founded the German Architecture Centre DAZ (current director Matthias Böttger) in Berlin.
Rainbows (Alice Nine song)
"Rainbows" is the 13th maxi single by Alice Nine. It was released on August 6, 2008 in three different versions. Each version contains the title track and a B-side, which may include a booklet, a music video, or another bonus track, respectively within the three versions.
The single marks a significant change in the band's overall dress style which no longer resembles their original Visual Kei look.

In Japan, the single went straight to #3 on the Oricon daily charts, selling over 3,500 copies on its first day and marking their highest position on a mainstream Japanese music chart to date. On the Oricon weekly charts, it ranked at #6, having sold a total of 15,921 copies during its first week.

Maxi single
A maxi single, maxi-single, or maxi CD (sometimes abbreviated to MCD or CDM) is a music single release with more than the usual two tracks of an A-side song and a B-side song. Maxi singles are often mistaken for extended plays (EPs), especially in the digital era such as the categorization on iTunes, Apple Music, or Spotify. An EP usually consists at least four different "songs" without any specific A-side, while a maxi-single may contain four or more tracks but only in form of remixes to complement one or two songs as the A-side. Billboard considers EPs for albums chart (Billboard 200) and considers maxi-singles for songs chart (Billboard Hot 100).
The Dream (Roko Blažević song)
"The Dream" is a song performed by Croatian singer Roko Blažević and written by Jacques Houdek, Andrea Čubrić and Charlie Mason. The song represented Croatia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2019 in Tel Aviv, Israel. A Croatian language version of the song, titled "Heroj" (English: Hero), was released on 18 February 2019. The song was performed during the second semi-final on 16 May 2019, but did not quality for the final.

Jacques Houdek
Jacques Houdek (born Željko Houdek; 15 April 1981) is a Croatian recording artist who represented Croatia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2017 with the song "My Friend". Houdek began his professional solo career in 2000 and has since released many recordings and albums out which 13 have been certified silver (five times), gold, platinum and diamond (once). Houdek is one of the mentors in the Croatian version of the TV talent show The Voice. During show's first season, he mentored the winner Nina Kraljić. Aside from Croatian, he has sung and recorded in English, Italian, German, Spanish, French, Slovene, Macedonian, and Māori language.
Ningde railway station
Ningde railway station (Chinese: 宁德站) is a railway station located in the Jiaocheng District of Ningde City, Fujian Province, China, on the Wenzhou–Fuzhou railway operated by the Nanchang Railway Bureau, China Railway Corporation. It opened on 1 October 2009. Ningde became a junction station with the opening of the Quzhou–Ningde railway on 27 September 2020.

Jiaocheng, Ningde
Jiaocheng (Chinese: 蕉城区; pinyin: Jiāochéng; Foochow Romanized: Ciĕu-siàng) is a district of Ningde, Fujian province, People's Republic of China. Also called Ningde Shiqu (宁德市区 - Ningde Centre), the district seats the municipality's executive, legislature and judiciary, together with its Communist Party and Public Security Bureau.
Mohamed Moussa
Mohamed Moussa Soliman (Arabic: مُحَمَّد مُوسَى سُلَيْمَان; born August 16, 1995) is an Egyptian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for El-Entag El-Harby. He was also a player for Egypt national under-23 team. In 2015, Moussa signed a 4-year contract for El-Entag, moving from Wadi Degla and Al Ahly Fc before it (2010-2011).

El Entag El Harby SC
El-Entag El-Harby Sporting Club (Arabic: نادي الإنتاج الحربي الرياضي), sometimes referred to as Military Production, is an Egyptian sports club based in Cairo, Egypt. The club is mainly known for its football team, which currently plays in the Egyptian Premier League, the top tier in the Egyptian football league system. The club is owned by the Egyptian Ministry of Military Production.

Founded in 2004, the club managed to reach the Egyptian Premier League for the first time in their history in 2009 after they were promoted from the 2008–09 Egyptian Second Division by finishing first in their group.
Mason Peck
Mason Peck is an associate professor at Cornell University and former NASA Chief Technologist. His immediate predecessor in the NASA position was Bobby Braun.

Peck has published in various aerospace sub-disciplines including; air-bearing spacecraft simulation,
low-power space robotics,
hopping rovers,
and Lorentz-augmented orbits.

Peck was awarded $75,000 in 2007 by NASA's Institute for Advanced Concepts (NIAC) to study how a large fleet of microchip-size space probes in Earth orbit might propel themselves into the Interplanetary Transport Network; and thence as far as Jupiter's moon Europa. This was to be achieved by exploiting the Lorentz Force, enabled by using photovoltaics to maintain an electrostatic charge while orbiting in Earth's magnetic field.

Peck has served on the advisory board of Mars One since February 2014.

Interplanetary Transport Network
The Interplanetary Transport Network (ITN) is a collection of gravitationally determined pathways through the Solar System that require very little energy for an object to follow.  The ITN makes particular use of Lagrange points as locations where trajectories through space can be redirected using little or no energy. These points have the peculiar property of allowing objects to orbit around them, despite lacking an object to orbit, as these points exist where gravitational forces between two celestial bodies are equal. While it would use little energy, transport along the network would take a long time.
La neve nel bicchiere
La neve nel bicchiere is a 1984 Italian drama film directed by Florestano Vancini. It is based on an eponymous novel written by Nerino Rossi.

The film entered the competition at the 41st Venice International Film Festival.

41st Venice International Film Festival
The 41st annual Venice International Film Festival was held from 1 to 11 September 1984 under the direction of Gian Luigi Rondi.

Italian filmmaker Michelangelo Antonioni was the Jury President of the main competition. The Golden Lion winner was A Year of the Quiet Sun directed by Krzysztof Zanussi.

The main event of this edition was, out of competition, the premiere of Heimat, an almost 16 hours-long film directed by Edgar Reitz. Among the other titles showed out of competition there were Steven Spielberg's Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom, Wolfgang Petersen's The NeverEnding Story and a restored version of Metropolis edited and scored by Giorgio Moroder. The retrospective was dedicated to Luis Buñuel.
Brian Allen (linebacker)
Brian Lamar Allen (born April 1, 1978) is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker for four seasons in the National Football League (NFL). Allen played college football at Florida State University.

Columbia High School (Florida)
Columbia High School (CHS) is a four-year public high school located in Lake City, Florida. The school's mascot is the Fighting Tigers and the colors are purple and gold.
Sports Illustrated magazine profiled the school and town in a September 2021 article, "Football and Community Come Together in Lake City".
Françoise Schepmans
Françoise Schepmans (born 18 June 1960, Berchem-Sainte-Agathe) is a Belgian politician for the Mouvement Réformateur, a French-speaking liberal party in Belgium. She has been a member of the Parliament of the Brussels-Capital Region and the Parliament of the French Community since 2019.

She was also Mayor of Molenbeek from 2013–2018, and was shortlisted for World Mayor in 2018.

Parliament of the Brussels-Capital Region
The Parliament of the Brussels-Capital Region (French: Parlement de la Région de Bruxelles-Capitale; Dutch: Parlement van het Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest) is the governing body of the Brussels-Capital Region, one of the three federated regions of Belgium. It is also known as the Brussels Regional Parliament (French: Parlement régional bruxellois; Dutch: Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Parlement), or simply the Brussels Parliament (French: Parlement bruxellois; Dutch: Brussels Parlement).
Waxy (band)
Waxy is an American stoner rock band from the Desert of Southern California (Palm Springs / Palm Desert / Indio), and is part of the Palm Desert Scene. The power trio consists of frontman Robbie Waldman (guitar/vocals), Tyler Ontiveros (drums) and Robert Bowman (bass). Brett Stadler, long time personal friend of Waldman, is the band's eccentric co-lyricyst as well as a published poet.  WAXY's sound is a cross between Black Sabbath and Thin Lizzy with a healthy dose of Tom Waits. Heavy, sexy and sincere best describe the vibe. Some people describe them as Desert Rock...Europeans call it Stoner Rock.

Following their 2005 self-titled debut, 2007 saw the release of their second effort Chainsaw Holiday.

Things really got going with the release of their album Without Any eXplanation whY.'

Since then WAXY hooked up with Cobraside for their distribution and have been touring ever since.

WAXY's latest album titles ‘Betting On Forgetting’.

Palm Desert Scene
The Palm Desert Scene is a group of related bands and musicians from Palm Desert, California. Their hard rock sound – sometimes described as desert rock – contains elements of heavy metal, psychedelia, blues, punk, alternative, grunge, and other genres. It often features distinctive repetitive drum beats, a propensity for free-form jamming, and "sludgy" or "trance-like" grooves. The involved musicians often play in multiple bands simultaneously, and there is a high rate of collaboration between bands. The Palm Desert Scene is also notable for fostering stoner rock pioneers Kyuss. The term "stoner rock" is sometimes used interchangeably with the term "desert rock". However, not all Palm Desert scene bands are "stoner rock" and not all stoner rock bands sound exactly like those in Palm Desert. Palm Desert has been named by Blender magazine as "one of the top seven rock n' roll cities in America".
Shepardson
Shepardson is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

John Shepardson (1729—1802), American settler

Marge Shepardson, American politician

Ray Shepardson (1897–1975), American baseball player

Raymond K. Shepardson (1944–2014), American theatre restoration specialist and operator

Rob Shepardson, American political consultant and marketing strategist

Whitney Shepardson (1890–1966), American businessman and foreign policy expert

Gunner Shepardson(2007), American rapper and singer

John Shepardson
John Shepardson (February 16, 1729 – January 3, 1802) was a Euro-American settler of Vermont.  He was a veteran of the American Revolution, and served in local and state offices including justice of the Vermont Supreme Court.
Vignette (literature)
A vignette (/vɪn.ˈjɛt/ ⓘ, also /viːn.-/) is a French loanword expressing a short and descriptive piece of writing that captures a brief period in time. Vignettes are more focused on vivid imagery and meaning rather than plot. Vignettes can be stand-alone, but they are more commonly part of a larger narrative, such as vignettes found in novels or collections of short stories.

Tim O'Brien (author)
Tim O'Brien (born October 1, 1946) is an American novelist who served as a soldier in the Vietnam War. Much of his writing is about wartime Vietnam, and his work later in life often explores the postwar lives of its veterans.

O'Brien is perhaps best known for his book The Things They Carried (1990), a collection of linked semi-autobiographical stories inspired by his wartime experiences. In 2010, The New York Times described it as "a classic of contemporary war fiction". O'Brien wrote the war novel Going After Cacciato (1978), which was awarded the National Book Award.

O'Brien taught creative writing, holding the endowed chair at the MFA program of Texas State University–San Marcos every other academic year from 2003 to 2012.
Nasal glial heterotopia
Nasal glial heterotopia refers to congenital malformations of displaced normal, mature glial tissue, which are no longer in continuity with an intracranial component. This is distinctly different from an encephalocele, which is a herniation of brain tissue and/or leptomeninges, that develops through a defect in the skull, where there is a continuity with the cranial cavity.

Encephalocele
Encephalocele is a neural tube defect characterized by sac-like protrusions of the brain and the membranes that cover it through openings in the skull. These defects are caused by failure of the neural tube to close completely during fetal development. Encephaloceles cause a groove down the middle of the skull, or between the forehead and nose, or on the back side of the skull. The severity of encephalocele varies, depending on its location.
Constitution of Nevada
The Constitution of the State of Nevada is highest law within the U.S. state of Nevada and defines the structure, power, and limits of the state government and enumerates the basic rights and responsibilities of Nevada citizens, ratified. Subordinate to the Constitution of the United States, the Nevada Constitution requires it be a republic consisting of the bicameral Nevada Legislature, the Supreme Court of Nevada, and the office of Governor of Nevada.

On March 21, 1864, Congress passed an enabling act signed by President Abraham Lincoln authorizing the Territory of Nevada to be admitted as a state pending a ratified constitution. The people of Nevada approved the current Constitution on September 14, 1864, which was delivered to Congress over the course of two days by telegraph (the most expensive ever, at the time) costing USD $4,303.27 in 1864 (equivalent to $86,514 in 2024). Nevada became a state with the Nevada Constitution approved on October 31, 1864.

Nevada Territory
The Territory of Nevada (N.T.) was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from March 2, 1861, until October 31, 1864, when it was admitted to the Union as the State of Nevada.

Prior to the creation of the Nevada Territory, the area was part of western Utah Territory and was known as Washoe, after the native Washoe people. The separation of the territory from Utah was important to the federal government because of its political leanings, while the population itself was keen to be separated because of animosity (and sometimes violence) between non-Mormons in Nevada and Mormons from the rest of the Utah Territory.
August 5 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
August 4 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - August 6

All fixed commemorations below are observed on August 18 by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For August 5, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on July 23.

Pope Fabian
Pope Fabian (Latin: Fabianus) was the bishop of Rome and head of the Catholic Church from 10 January 236 until his death on 20 January 250, succeeding Anterus. A dove is said to have descended on his head to mark him as the Holy Spirit's unexpected choice to become the next pope. He was succeeded by Cornelius.

Most of his papacy was characterized by amicable relations with the imperial government, and the schism between the Roman congregations of Pontian and Hippolytus was ended. He divided Rome into diaconates and appointed secretaries to collect the records of the martyrs. He sent out seven "apostles to the Gauls" as missionaries, but probably did not baptize Emperor Philip the Arab as is alleged. He died a martyr at the beginning of the Decian persecution and is venerated as a saint by the Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church.
Marty Honan
Martin Weldon Honan  (May 29, 1869 – August 20, 1908) was an American Major League Baseball player who played catcher for the Chicago Colts of the National League. He appeared in six games for the Colts from 1890 to 1891.

History of the Chicago Cubs
The following is a franchise history of the Chicago Cubs of Major League Baseball, a charter member of the National League who started play in the National Association of Base Ball Players in 1870 as the Chicago White Stockings, before joining the National Association in 1871. The Chicago National League Ball Club is the only franchise to play continuously in the same city since the formation of the National League in 1876. They are the earliest formed active professional sports club in North America, predating the team now known as the Atlanta Braves by one year. In their early history, they were called the White Stockings, Orphans, Infants, Remnants and Colts by the press before officially becoming the "Cubs" in 1903.
Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia
The Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia (Portuguese: Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, UFRB) is a Brazilian university, with its main campus at Cruz das Almas, Bahia.

This university also has a campus at Amargosa, Cachoeira, Santo Antônio de Jesus, Feira de Santana e Santo Amaro .

The university was created by the law 11.151, in 2005. In 2011 was announced a new campus in the city of Feira de Santana, and estimated to be operating at the beginning of 2013.

Santo Antônio de Jesus
Santo Antônio de Jesus is a city in the eastern part of the state of Bahia, Brazil, located west of the state capital Salvador. It is part of the mesoregion Metropolitana de Salvador. The population is 102,380 (2020 est.) in an area of 261.35 km2. It is an important commercial and a service centre in the micro-region.