hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
DPP v Camplin
DPP v Camplin (1978)  was an English criminal law appeal to the House of Lords in 1978.  Its unanimous judgment helped to define the main limits of defence of provocation chiefly until Parliament replaced the defence with one of "loss of control" in the Coroners and Justice Act 2009.  Its ratio decidendi (main reasoning) continues to have precedent value as the new "loss of control" defence is a renaming to avoid creep of the term into scenarios for which it was never intended, above all a blurring with diminished responsibility.

Provocation in English law
In English law, provocation was a mitigatory defence to murder which had taken many guises over generations many of which had been strongly disapproved and modified. In closing decades, in widely upheld form, it amounted to proving a reasonable total loss of control as a response to another's objectively provocative conduct sufficient to convert what would otherwise have been murder into manslaughter. It only applied to murder. It was abolished on 4 October 2010 by section 56(1) of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009, but thereby replaced by the superseding—and more precisely worded—loss of control defence.
Blue Winter (film)
Blue Winter (French: L'hiver bleu) is a Canadian docufiction film, directed by André Blanchard and released in 1979. Using a cast of non-professional actors, the film centres on Christiane (Christiane Lévesque) and Nicole (Nicole Scant), two young adult sisters trying to establish themselves in the economically struggling city of Rouyn-Noranda, Quebec.

The film won the Prix de la critique québécoise in 1979.

It was later screened at the 1984 Festival of Festivals as part of Front & Centre, a special retrospective program of artistically and culturally significant films from throughout the history of Canadian cinema.

Alain Dupras and André Blanchard during filming

Filming with helicopter in Rouyn

Prix Luc-Perreault
The Prix Luc-Perreault, formerly known as the Prix L.-E.-Ouimet-Molson, is an annual Canadian film award, presented by the Association québécoise des critiques de cinéma to a film deemed to be the best film of the year from Quebec, from among the films screening at that year's Rendez-vous Québec Cinéma.
Palazzo delle Poste, Palermo
The Palazzo delle Poste or Palazzo Postale is a monumental government building, executed in the rationalist architectural style of the 1920s, originally intended as the mail and telegraph center, located on Via Roma #320, in the quarter of Castellammare in Palermo, region of Sicily, Italy. The modern building is bordered on the north by the church of the Sant'Ignazio all'Olivella and the adjacent Regional Archeologic Museum, while Piazza San Domenico is a few blocks to the south.

Sant'Ignazio all'Olivella
The Church of Saint Ignatius (Italian: Chiesa di Sant'Ignazio or Sant'Ignazio all'Olivella) is a Baroque church of Palermo. It is located in the ancient neighborhood of the Olivella, in the quarter of the Loggia, within the historic centre of Palermo.
Leacock Regional Park
Leacock Regional Park, located in Casula, approx. 40 km south-west of Sydney, is a patch of open green space which provides views of Holsworthy bushland from the ridge line.

The Park is a dog-friendly park, and has many walking tracks along the Georges River, which link it with other facilities such as the Casula Powerhouse Arts Centre.

Holsworthy, New South Wales
Holsworthy, earlier spelled Holdsworthy, is a suburb in south-western Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is located roughly 31 kilometres south-west of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of the City of Liverpool.

Holsworthy is best known for the Holsworthy Barracks, a large Australian Army reserve where training exercises frequently occur. The reserve lies adjacent to Heathcote Road, which connects to Bankstown, Liverpool, Lucas Heights, Engadine, and Heathcote. Signs around the perimeter warn potential trespassers about the use of laser-guided and conventional gunfire.

The residential area lies north of the railway station. Anzac Village, situated in the northern part of the suburb and extending into the adjacent suburb of Wattle Grove, features a recent development called 'Mornington.' Additionally, a new shopping centre has been constructed in the area.
Galveston (film)
Galveston is a 2018 American independent Southern noir thriller film directed by Mélanie Laurent in her English-language directorial debut. It is written by Nic Pizzolatto (under the pseudonym "Jim Hammett") and based on his 2010 novel of the same name. It follows a dying hitman (Ben Foster), who escapes a set up and heads to the titular town to plan his revenge, taking a young girl who was kidnapped by his boss (Elle Fanning).

The film had its world premiere at South by Southwest on March 10, 2018. It was released by RLJE Films on October 19, 2018.

Robert Aramayo
Robert Michael Aramayo (born 6 November 1992) is an English actor. From 2016 to 2017, he played the role of young Eddard Stark in the sixth and seventh seasons of the HBO series Game of Thrones. In 2021, he starred in the Netflix psychological thriller miniseries Behind Her Eyes. Since 2022, he has played Elrond in the Amazon series The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power.

Aramayo gained wider recognition and critical acclaim for his leading role in the film I Swear (2025), receiving the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role and BAFTA Rising Star Award. He is the first person since Jamie Bell in 2000 to win the former without being nominated for the corresponding Academy Award.
Salsa criolla
Salsa criolla (Creole salsa) is a type of sauce or relish found in Latin American cuisine, composed of finely chopped sliced onions, vinegar, tomatoes, garlic, chili peppers, bell peppers, olive oil, salt, pepper and fresh herbs like parsley or cilantro. Salsa criolla is often associated with Peruvian cuisine, but also found in Cuban, Puerto Rican, Nicaraguan, Uruguayan,  and Argentinian cuisine.

In Peru, salsa criolla is a cold sauce typically used to accompany meat. The base composition is onion, red bell pepper and tomato, lime juice or vinegar and oil. Other ingredients can be cilantro, green bell pepper, parsley, garlic, etc.

Vinegar
Vinegar (from Old French  vyn egre 'sour wine') is an odorous aqueous solution of diluted acetic acid and trace compounds that may include flavorings or naturally occurring organic compounds. Vinegar typically contains from 4% to 18% acetic acid by volume.

Usually, the acetic acid is produced by a double fermentation—converting simple sugars to ethanol using yeast, and then converting ethanol to acetic acid using acetic acid bacteria. Many types of vinegar are made, depending on source materials.

The product is now mainly used in the culinary arts as a flavorful, acidic cooking ingredient, salad dressing, or pickling agent. Various types are used as condiments or garnishes, including balsamic vinegar and malt vinegar.

As an easily manufactured mild acid, it has a wide variety of industrial and domestic uses, including functioning as a household cleaner.
Engerjordet (station)
Engerjordet is a former light rail station on the Holmenkollen Line in Oslo, Norway. It opened in 1898, to serve the resident Holmenkolbanen's executives. The station had a simple wooden platform and saw limited patronage. It was closed in 1935.

Tram stop
A tram stop, tram station, streetcar stop, or light rail station is a place designated for a tram, streetcar, or light rail vehicle to stop so passengers can board or alight it. Generally, tram stops share most characteristics of bus stops, but because trams operate on rails, they often include railway platforms, especially if stepless entries are provided for accessibility. However, trams may also be used with bus stop type flags and with mid-street pavements as platforms, in street running mode.
Carrot and stick
The phrase "carrot and stick" is a metaphor for when two different methods of incentivisation are simultaneously employed; the "carrot", referring to the promising and giving of desired rewards in exchange for cooperation; and the "stick", referring to the threat of undesired consequences in response to noncompliance or to compel compliance. In politics, the terms are respectively analogous to the concepts of soft and hard power. A political example of a carrot may be the promise of foreign aid or military support, while the stick may be the threat of military action or imposition of economic sanctions.  In religion, the concept of Heaven is considered the "carrot" while Hell is the corresponding "stick".

Soft power
In politics (and particularly in international politics), soft power is the ability to co-opt rather than coerce (in contrast with hard power). It involves shaping the preferences of others through appeal and attraction. Soft power is non-coercive, using culture, political values, and foreign policies to enact change. In 2012, Joseph Nye of Harvard University explained that with soft power, "the best propaganda is not propaganda", further explaining that during the Information Age, "credibility is the scarcest resource".

Nye popularised the term in his 1990 book, Bound to Lead: The Changing Nature of American Power.
In this book he wrote: "when one country gets other countries to want what it wants might be called co-optive or soft power in contrast with the hard or command power of ordering others to do what it wants". He further developed the concept in his 2004 book, Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics.
Toda Cura para Todo Mal
Toda Cura Para Todo Mal is a 2005 album by the Brazilian rock band Pato Fu. The album was produced by John Ulhoa. It was released in 2006 in DVD with videos of the whole music.

The studio 129 Japs is John's studio from his house. This album starred with a new integrity of the band, the keyboardist Lulu Camargo, ex-Karnak and used the producer that he took part.

Karnak (band)
Karnak is a band from São Paulo, Brazil known for mixing diverse music styles from around the world with pop and rock. Many critics consider Karnak's music style to be world music, although the band rejects this label, claiming that its "ethnic" sound results, not from research, but from their intuition.
Mario Escobar (referee)
Mario Alberto Escobar Toca (born on 19 September 1986) is a Guatemalan football referee who is a listed international referee for FIFA since 2013. He is also one of the referees for the Liga Nacional de Fútbol de Guatemala.

On 15 May 2019, Escobar was officially selected as a referee for the 2019 CONCACAF Gold Cup in Costa Rica, Jamaica, and the United States. He was summoned to officiate the 2019 CONCACAF Gold Cup Final between Mexico and the United States, and additionally refereed the 2020 CONCACAF Champions League Final between UANL and Los Angeles FC.

Escobar was also one of the appointed referees of the 2019 FIFA U-17 World Cup in Brazil.

2019 CONCACAF Gold Cup
The 2019 CONCACAF Gold Cup was the 15th edition of the CONCACAF Gold Cup, the biennial international men's soccer championship of the North, Central American, and Caribbean region organized by CONCACAF. The tournament was primarily hosted in the United States, with Costa Rica and Jamaica hosting double-headers in the first round of matches in groups B and C, respectively.

The United States were the defending champions, having won the 2017 tournament. With the abolition of the FIFA Confederations Cup, the CONCACAF Cup was annulled and the Gold Cup did not qualify the winner to a major tournament for the first time since 2009.

In February 2018, CONCACAF announced that the tournament would expand to 16 teams from 12.

Mexico won their record-extending eighth Gold Cup title (their eleventh CONCACAF championship overall) with their 1–0 victory over the United States in the final.
Citryl-CoA lyase
The enzyme citryl-CoA lyase (EC 4.1.3.34) catalyzes the chemical reaction

(3S)-citryl-CoA  acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate

This enzyme belongs to the family of lyases, specifically the oxo-acid-lyases, which cleave carbon–carbon bonds.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is (3S)-citryl-CoA oxaloacetate-lyase (acetyl-CoA-forming). This enzyme is also called (3S)-citryl-CoA oxaloacetate-lyase.  This enzyme participates in citrate cycle (tca cycle).

Lyase
In biochemistry, a lyase is an enzyme that catalyzes the breaking (an elimination reaction) of various chemical bonds by means other than hydrolysis (a substitution reaction) and oxidation, often forming a new double bond or a new ring structure. The reverse reaction is also possible (called a Michael reaction). For example, an enzyme that catalyzed this reaction would be a lyase:

ATP → cAMP + PPi

Lyases differ from other enzymes in that they require only one substrate for the reaction in one direction, but two substrates for the reverse reaction.
Apollo-Ridge School District
The Apollo-Ridge School District is a small rural public school district. Apollo-Ridge School District encompasses approximately 70 square miles (180 km2) spanning small portions of two counties. In Armstrong County, it covers the boroughs of Apollo and North Apollo and Kiskiminetas Township.  In Indiana County, it covers Young Township. According to 2000 federal census data, it serves a resident population of 11,202. In 2009, the district residents’ per capita income was $15,287, while the median family income was $39,070. In the Commonwealth, the median family income was $49,501  and the United States median family income was $49,445, in 2010.

The district operates three schools: Apollo-Ridge High School, Apollo-Ridge Middle School and Apollo-Ridge Elementary School.

Kiskiminetas Township, Pennsylvania
Kiskiminetas Township is a township in Armstrong County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 4,604 at the 2020 census, a decrease from the figure of 4,800 tabulated in 2010, making it the most populous township or borough in the county.

Kiskiminetas is derived from a Native American language meaning "make daylight".
North Star, Minnesota
North Star is an unincorporated community in Oshawa Township, Nicollet County, Minnesota, United States, near St. Peter.  The community is located near the junction of Nicollet County Road 13 and State Highway 99 (MN 99).  Seven Mile Creek flows nearby.

Oshawa Township, Nicollet County, Minnesota
Oshawa Township is a township in Nicollet County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 525 at the 2000 census.

Oshawa Township was organized in 1858 and named after Oshawa, Ontario, where some settlers came from.
Jean M. Doerge
Jean McGlothlin Doerge (born June 4, 1937; pronounced DURR-ghee) is director of the Germantown Colony and Museum in Webster Parish, Louisiana, and a former Democratic member of the Louisiana House of Representatives who represented District 10 (Webster Parish, Minden) from 1998 to 2012. From 2001 to 2006, she served as the vice chair of the House's Commerce Committee; in 2007, she was appointed to the Louisiana House Appropriations Committee, and from 2008 to 2012, she served as the vice chair of the Retirement Committee.

Louisiana House of Representatives
The Louisiana House of Representatives (French: Chambre des Représentants de Louisiane; Spanish: Cámara de Representantes de Luisiana) is the lower house in the Louisiana State Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Louisiana. This chamber is composed of 105 representatives, each of whom represents approximately 42,500 people (2000 figures). Members serve four-year terms with a term limit of three terms (twelve years). The House is one of the five state legislative lower houses that has a four-year term, as opposed to the near-universal two-year term.

The House convenes at the State Capitol in Baton Rouge.
Peoples of Europe, preserve your most sacred goods!
Peoples of Europe, preserve your most sacred goods! (German: Völker Europas, wahret eure heiligsten Güter!) is a picture made by the history painter Hermann Knackfuß after a design by Emperor Wilhelm II in 1895, as a gift from the German Emperor to the Russian Tsar Nicholas II

Hermann Knackfuss
Hermann Knackfuss (German: Hermann Knackfuß; August 11, 1848, Wissen, Rhenish Prussia – May 17, 1915) was a German painter and writer on art. He is known for his historical paintings, but his most-recognized work is his illustration on behalf of the German Emperor Wilhelm II, Peoples of Europe, Guard your Dearest Goods, which has become an iconic symbol of the use of the yellow peril to justify European imperialism in Asia at the end of the nineteenth century.
Smögen
Smögen (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈsmø̌ːɡɛn]) is a locality in Sotenäs Municipality, Västra Götaland County, Sweden with 1,329 inhabitants in 2010. It is one of the liveliest "summer towns" of the Swedish west coast.

The community actually straddled several islands that lay so close together that the space in between has since been filled, and is now considered as a single island. The southern part consists mostly of Smögen Island, which lies in the centre. Around this lies to the south Kleven, in the northwest Sandön, and in the northeast, Hasselön. The town is connected to the neighbouring town Kungshamn by Smögenbron (Smögen Bridge).

Urban areas in Sweden
An urban area or tätort (lit. 'dense locality') in Sweden has a minimum of 200 inhabitants and may be a city, town or larger village. It is a purely statistical concept, not defined by any municipal or county boundaries. Larger urban areas synonymous with cities or towns (Swedish: stad for both terms) for statistical purposes have a minimum of 10,000 inhabitants. The same statistical definition is also used for urban areas in the other Nordic countries.

In 2018, there were nearly two thousand urban areas in Sweden, which were inhabited by 87% of the Swedish population.

Urban area is a common English translation of the Swedish term tätort. The official term in English used by Statistics Sweden is, however, "locality" (Swedish: ort). It could be compared with "census-designated places" in the United States.
Taichi Okazaki
Taichi Okazaki (岡崎太一, Okazaki Taichi, born June 20, 1983 in Gojō, Nara) is a Japanese former professional baseball catcher. He has played in his entire career with the Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) for the Hanshin Tigers.

Gojō, Nara
Gojō (五條市, Gojō-shi) is a city located in Nara Prefecture, Japan. As of 30 November 2024, the city had an estimated population of 26,998 in 13363 households, and a population density of 92 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 292.02 km2 (112.75 sq mi).
Goldring (surname)
Goldring is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Danny Goldring, American film, stage and television actor

Douglas Goldring (1887–1960), British writer

Ellen Goldring (21st century), American academic

Frederick Goldring (1897–after 1959), English amateur photographer, and recorder of churches and historic buildings

John Goldring (born 1944), English judge

Mark Goldring (born 1957), chief executive of Oxfam

Mary Goldring (21st century), British journalist

Peter Goldring (born 1944), Canadian politician

Stephen Goldring (1908-1996), American businessman

Stephen Goldring (cricketer) (born 1932), English cricketer and British Army officer

William Goldring (businessman) (born 1942/1943), American businessman, chairman of the Sazerac Company

Winifred Goldring (1888–1971), American paleontologist

John Goldring
Sir John Bernard Goldring (born 9 November 1944) is a British judge. He currently sits as the President of the Cayman Islands Court of Appeal, and serves as the Deputy Investigatory Powers Commissioner. He formerly sat on the Court of Appeal of England and Wales.
Olle Boström
Olle Boström (born 19 November 1990) is a Swedish orienteering competitor. He placed sixth in the long course at the 2011 World Orienteering Championships in Chambéry, and won a bronze medal with the Swedish relay team.

He won two gold medals in the relay with the Swedish team at the Junior World Orienteering Championships, in  2008 and 2009.

Chambéry
Chambéry (UK: /ˈʃɒ̃bəri/, US: /ˌʃɒ̃beɪˈriː/, French: [ʃɑ̃beʁi]; Arpitan: Chambèri; Italian: Ciamberì) is the prefecture and largest city of the Savoie department in the southeastern Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of France.

The population of the commune of Chambéry was 60,251 as of 2022, while the population of the Chambéry metropolitan area was 263,919. The city is located at the foot of the French Alps between Bauges and Chartreuse mountains, and is a railway and highway crossroads.

It has been the historical capital of the Savoy region since the 13th century, when Amadeus V, Count of Savoy, made the city his seat of power. The annexation of Savoy merged the city to France in 1860. Together with other alpine towns Chambéry engages in the Alpine Town of the Year Association for the implementation of the Alpine Convention to achieve sustainable development in the Alpine Arc. Chambéry was awarded Alpine Town of the Year 2006.
Narrow-gauge railways in Austria
The first railway in Austria was the narrow-gauge line from Gmunden in the Salzkammergut to Budweis, now in the Czech Republic, this was 1,106 mm (3 ft 7+1⁄2 in) gauge. Some two dozen lines were built in 760 mm (2 ft 5+15⁄16 in) gauge, a few in 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) metre gauge gauge. The first was the Steyrtalbahn. Others were built by provincial governments, some lines are still in common carrier use and a number of others are preservation projects. The tramway network in Innsbruck is also metre gauge; in Linz the rather unusual gauge of 900 mm (2 ft 11+7⁄16 in) is in use.

384 km (239 mi) 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) metre gauge gauge; 88 km (55 mi) 760 mm (2 ft 5+15⁄16 in) gauge (2008)

Mariazell Railway
The Mariazell Railway (German: Mariazellerbahn) is an electrically operated 760 mm (2 ft 5+15⁄16 in) narrow-gauge railway which connects the Lower Austrian capital of Sankt Pölten with the Styrian pilgrimage centre of Mariazell. The line was opened in stages between 1898 and 1907, and had a, now closed, branch to Wieselburg an der Erlauf. The railway is operated by NÖVOG, which is owned by the provincial government, and is a part of the Verkehrsverbund Niederösterreich-Burgenland (Lower Austria and Burgenland Transport Association).
Rolls-Royce 25/30
The Rolls-Royce 25/30 built between 1936 and 1938 is an updated version of the 20/25 with larger engine to provide more power, as over-large bodies had often been fitted to the earlier model leading to complaints about its performance.

Thrupp & Maberly
Thrupp & Maberly was a British coachbuilder based in the West End of London, England. Coach-maker to Queen Victoria, it operated for more than two centuries until closed under Rootes Group ownership in 1967.
Leoben Hauptbahnhof
Leoben Hauptbahnhof is the main station at Leoben, a city in the federal state of Styria in Austria. The station is located on the Bruck an der Mur–Leoben railway. West of the station, the Rudolf Railway branches off to the north.

States of Austria
Austria is a federal republic consisting of nine states. The European Commission calls them provinces. Austrian states can pass laws that stay within the limits of the constitution, and each state has representatives in the Austrian federal parliament.
2014 Gerry Weber Open – Doubles
Santiago González and Scott Lipsky were the defending champions, but lost to Andre Begemann and Julian Knowle in the first round.
Begemann and Knowle went on to win the title, defeating Marco Chiudinelli and Roger Federer in the final, 1–6, 7–5, [12–10].

Marco Chiudinelli
Marco Chiudinelli (born 10 September 1981) is a retired tennis player from Switzerland. A member of Switzerland's winning 2014 Davis Cup squad, he reached his highest singles ranking of 52 in February 2010 during a career that was often hindered by injury.