hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
American Miners' Association
The American Miners' Association was the first national union of miners in the United States. Formed in 1861 at a  convention in St. Louis, Missouri, by English delegates from the bituminous fields of Illinois and Missouri, its short lived success and growth were primarily results of the Civil War. Through the leadership of Thomas Lloyd, first president of the organization, and Daniel Weaver, first secretary who wrote the Address that called for the organization and the constitution, the national union was able to spread itself into other mining districts in the United States.

The American Miners' Association published a periodical called the Weekly Miner.

The American Miners' Association began to fail due to disastrous strikes and internal dissensions during the period 1867–1868, and ceased to exist by 1869.

Belleville, Illinois
Belleville is a city in St. Clair County, Illinois, United States, and its county seat. It is a southeastern suburb of St. Louis. The population was 42,404 at the 2020 census, making it the most populated city in the Metro East region of Greater St. Louis, and in all of Southern Illinois south of Springfield. Due to its proximity to Scott Air Force Base, the city has a significant population of military and federal civilian personnel. It is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Belleville and home to the National Shrine of Our Lady of the Snows.
Johnny Groth
John Thomas Groth (July 23, 1926 – August 7, 2021) was an American professional baseball outfielder and scout who played 15 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB).

He played with the Detroit Tigers, St. Louis Browns, Chicago White Sox, Washington Senators, and Kansas City Athletics from 1946 to 1960.

He threw and batted right-handed, stood 6 feet (1.8 m) tall and weighed 182 pounds (83 kg).

Kansas City Athletics
The Kansas City Athletics were a Major League Baseball team that played in Kansas City, Missouri, from 1955 to 1967, having previously played in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania as the Philadelphia Athletics. After moving to Oakland, California in 1967, the team became the Oakland Athletics. In 2025, the team moved to West Sacramento, California as the Athletics, and plans ultimately to move to the Las Vegas metropolitan area.

The Kansas City franchise played at Municipal Stadium from 1955 to 1967.

The Kansas City Athletics had an overall win–loss record of 829–1,224–7 (.404) during their 13 years in Kansas City. Four Kansas City Athletics players were elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame: Satchel Paige, Reggie Jackson, Enos Slaughter, and Catfish Hunter.
Miss Kerala 2019
Miss Kerala 2019 was the 20th edition of the Miss Kerala beauty pageant. It was held at Le Méridien, Kochi on  12 December 2019. At the end of the event, Miss Kerala 2018, Pratibha Sai along with actor Shane Nigam crowned Ansi Kabeer as the winner.

On Monday, November 1, 2021, Ansi Kabeer, the winner of the Miss Kerala 2019 pageant, and the first runner-up, Anjana Shajan, tragically died in a car accident near Vyttila, Kochi, Kerala. Their car had flipped over  while swerving to avoid hitting a two-wheeler.

Shane Nigam
Shane Nigam is an Indian actor who appears in Malayalam films. Having made his debut in the 2010 film Thanthonni, he performed as supporting roles in various successful drama films including Parava (2017), Kumbalangi Nights (2019), and RDX: Robert Dony Xavier (2023).
Randeep Guleria
Randeep Guleria is an Indian pulmonologist and former director of AIIMS New Delhi, credited with the establishment of India's first centre for pulmonary medicines and sleep disorders at AIIMS.He is also the former President of AIIMS Bilaspur. In 2015, he was honoured with Padma Shri, the fourth highest Indian civilian award, by Government of India.

Guleria is co-author of a book Till We Win: India's Fight Against The COVID-19 pandemic. Randeep Guleria is son of Padma Shri Jagdev Singh Guleria, a cardiologist, and is elder brother to Padma Shri Sandeep Guleria, a surgeon.

All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bilaspur
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bilaspur (AIIMS Bilaspur) is an Indian public medical school, hospital and an Institute of National importance in Bilaspur, Himachal Pradesh, India. It is one of the All India Institutes of Medical Sciences (AIIMSs). Prime Minister Narendra Modi laid the foundation stone of the institute in October 2017, and was subsequently inaugurated in October 2022.
Us Alone
Us Alone is the seventh studio album by Canadian singer-songwriter Hayden, released February 5, 2013 on Arts & Crafts.

Hayden has previously released all of his albums in Canada on his own Hardwood Records label, but he announced in November 2012 that he had signed to Arts & Crafts.

Singer-songwriter Lou Canon, Hayden's sister-in-law, appears as a duet vocalist on the track "Blurry Nights".

The album was named a longlisted nominee for the 2013 Polaris Music Prize on June 13, 2013. The album was a shortlisted nominee for the Juno Award for Adult Alternative Album of the Year at the Juno Awards of 2014.

2013 Polaris Music Prize
The 2013 edition of the Canadian Polaris Music Prize was presented on September 23, 2013 at The Carlu event theatre in Toronto, Ontario.

The award was won by Godspeed You! Black Emperor for their album 'Allelujah! Don't Bend! Ascend!. The band subsequently released a statement criticizing the prize's gala trappings in a time of austerity, asserting that "organizing a gala just so musicians can compete against each other for a novelty-sized cheque doesn't serve the cause of righteous music at all. Maybe the next celebration should happen in a cruddier hall, without the corporate banners and culture overlords." Despite their criticism the band accepted the award, but donated the prize money to a Quebec-based program of music education in prisons.
Harmonic polynomial
In mathematics, a polynomial  whose Laplacian is zero is termed a harmonic polynomial.

The harmonic polynomials form a subspace of the vector space of polynomials over the given field. In fact, they form a graded subspace. For the real field (), the harmonic polynomials are important in mathematical physics.

The Laplacian is the sum of second-order partial derivatives with respect to each of the variables, and is an invariant differential operator under the action of the orthogonal group via the group of rotations.

The standard separation of variables theorem  states that every multivariate polynomial over a field can be decomposed as a finite sum of products of a radial polynomial and a harmonic polynomial. This is equivalent to the statement that the polynomial ring is a free module over the ring of radial polynomials.

Free module
In mathematics, a free module is a module that has a basis, that is, a generating set that is linearly independent. Every vector space is a free module, but, if the ring of the coefficients is not a division ring (not a field in the commutative case), then there exist non-free modules.

Given any set S and ring R, there is a free R-module with basis S, which is called the free module on S or module of formal R-linear combinations of the elements of S.

A free abelian group is precisely a free module over the ring  of integers.
Hugh Wilson Hill House
The Hugh Wilson Hill House, also known as the Kelly-Stone-Hill House, is a historic house in Carrollton, Alabama. It is one of only a few surviving antebellum structures remaining in the town.  Architectural historians believe that the one-story Greek Revival-style house was built for Isham and Elizabeth Kelly during the late 1830s or 1840s.  Confederate general John Herbert Kelly grew up in the house.   It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 13, 1989.  It was listed as one of Alabama's "Places in Peril" for 2010 by the Alabama Historical Commission and Alabama Trust for Historic Preservation.

Alabama Historical Commission
The Alabama Historical Commission is the historic preservation agency for the U.S. state of Alabama. The agency was created by an act of the state legislature in 1966 with a mission of safeguarding Alabama's historic buildings and sites. It consists of twenty members appointed by the state governor or who serve in an official position. The members represent a broad cross section of Alabamians including architects, historians, archaeologists, and representatives of state universities. The commission is tasked with acquisition and preservation of historic properties and education of the public about historic sites in Alabama.
Karin Dubsky
Karin Dubsky (born 1954) is a German-Irish marine ecologist working in Trinity College Dublin, notable as an environmental activist, the coordinator and co-founder of Coastwatch Europe, an environmental NGO and a member of the European Environmental Bureau.

Dubsky was the Green Party candidate for the 2019 Wexford by-election, in which she was not elected.

European Environmental Bureau
The European Environmental Bureau (EEB) is a network of around 180 environmental citizens' organisations based in more than 40 countries, representing local, national, European, and international groups in European Union Member States and some accession and neighbouring countries. It plays a prominent role in defending and promoting environmental interests and legislation at the different EU institutions.
Starr Clark Tin Shop
Starr Clark Tin Shop is a historic commercial building located at Mexico in Oswego County, New York.   It is a two-story wood-framed vernacular building built about 1827 with Federal details.  The tin shop measures 24 feet 4 inches (7.42 m) wide and 32 feet (9.8 m) deep, with a 24-foot-4-inch-wide by 25-foot-8-inch-deep (7.42 m by 7.82 m) rear wing.  Its owner, Starr Clark, was a widely recognized abolitionist and supporter of the Underground Railroad.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

The Mexico Historical Society has restored the shop and operates it as a museum that highlights its use as a working tin shop and as a hub for the abolition movement.

Oswego County, New York
Oswego County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 117,525. The county seat is Oswego. The county name is from a Mohawk-language word meaning 'the pouring out place', referring to the point at which the Oswego River feeds into Lake Ontario at the northern edge of the county in the city of Oswego. The county is part of the Central New York region of the state.

Oswego County is part of the Syracuse metropolitan area.
Whatever I Say Is Royal Ocean
Whatever I Say Is Royal Ocean is the debut EP by American post-hardcore band Dance Gavin Dance. Released on November 14, 2006, the album was originally recorded over a six month period with producer Phil Devereux and was subsequently produced and mastered by Kris Crummett after the band signed to Rise Records.

The artwork for the EP is a painting by unclean vocalist, Jon Mess—as opposed to Mattias Adolfsson, who has made cover art for all of the band's following albums.

Mattias Adolfsson
Mattias Adolfsson (born 1965) is a Swedish graphic artist and illustrator, known for his detailed and quirky drawings in ink and watercolor.  He lives and works in Sigtuna, just outside of Stockholm, Sweden.
Natasha Sutherland
Natasha Sutherland (born 20 November 1970) is a South African actress. She is best known for her roles in the television serials Honeytown, Tarzan: The Epic Adventures and Scandal!. Apart from acting, she is also an author, motivational speaker and a counselor.

Scandal!
Scandal! is a South African soap opera produced by Ochre Media (also known as Ochre Moving Pictures) and broadcast on e.tv. It is the most watched soap opera in South Africa, contending with SABC 1's longest-running soapie Generations: The Legacy. It is also broadcast across Africa on the eAfrica, e.tv Botswana and e.tv Ghana feeds.

On 10 July 2024, e.tv announced that Scandal! will start airing daily, occupying the 19:30 spot dubbed as the "Winter binge". The program reverted to its standard time slot on 7 September 2024.

On 26 September 2025, e.tv announced that Scandal! will air its final episode on 26 June 2026.
Don Taylor (Australian politician)
Alexander Donald Taylor AM (24 January 1928 – 26 July 2023) was an Australian politician who was a Labor Party member of the Western Australian Legislative Assembly from 1968 to 1984, representing the electoral district of Cockburn. He served as a minister in the government of John Tonkin, including as deputy premier from 1973 to 1974. Taylor later served as Administrator of Christmas Island (an Australian external territory) from 1986 to 1990.

Western Australian Legislative Assembly
The Western Australian Legislative Assembly, or lower house, is one of the two chambers of the Parliament of Western Australia, an Australian state. The Parliament sits in Parliament House in the Western Australian capital, Perth.

The Legislative Assembly today has 59 members, elected for four-year terms from single-member electoral districts.  Members are elected using the preferential voting system. As with all other Australian states and territories, voting is compulsory for all Australian citizens over the legal voting age of 18.
Dioryctria monticolella
Dioryctria monticolella is a species of snout moth in the genus Dioryctria. It was described by Akira Mutuura, Eugene G. Munroe and Douglas Alexander Ross in 1969, and it is known from southern British Columbia, Canada.

Eugene G. Munroe
Eugene Gordon Munroe (8 September 1919 – 31 May 2008) was a Canadian entomologist who discovered numerous species of insects. He worked for the Insect Systematics and Biological Control Unit, Entomology Division in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.

Munroe was "the acknowledged authority on the Pyraloidea worldwide for many years". From 1976 to 1982, he also served as editor-in-chief of Moths of America North of Mexico.
Kitturiaq
Kitturiaq is a 2013 Canadian documentary film by Frank Wolf that follows two friends on a remote 620 km wilderness canoe journey over the vast Labrador Plateau.  Set in the Inuit/Innu regions of Nunatsiavut and Nunavik, the film shares the cultural perspectives of local people in the context of the journey. The film airs on CBC's documentary (TV channel) in Canada and features music by Patrick Watson, Half Moon Run, The Cyrillic Typewriter, Wintermitts, Boucan Sound System, and throat singers Sylvia Cloutier and Madeleine Allakariallak.

Documentary Channel (Canadian TV channel)
Documentary Channel (stylized as documentary channel) is a Canadian English language Category A specialty channel owned by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC), the National Film Board of Canada and four other independent producers. Its programming is devoted to featuring primarily documentary films along with documentary-style television series.
Seven Member Rule
The Seven Member Rule (House) / Five Member Rule (Senate) in the United States Congress is an important, but seldom used statute that allows members from the legislature's oversight committees to compel offices within the executive branch to release information. This is a "checks and balances" measure to allow effective oversight. In the Senate it is commonly referred as the "rule of five". On September 6, 1966, Congress updated the law. On November 2, 1994, Congress again updated the law.

Separation of powers
The separation of powers principle functionally differentiates several types of state power (usually legislation, adjudication, and execution) and requires these operations of government to be conceptually and institutionally distinct and clearly articulated, thereby maintaining the integrity of each branch. To put this model into practice, government is divided into structurally independent branches to perform various functions (most often a legislature, a judiciary and an administration, sometimes known as the trias politica). When each function is allocated strictly to one branch, a government is described as having a high degree of separation; whereas, when one person or branch plays a significant part in the exercise of more than one function, this represents a fusion of powers. When one branch holds unlimited state power and delegates its powers to other organs as it sees fit, as is the case in communist states, that is called unified power.
Chunhyang-jeon (opera)
Chunhyang-jeon (Korean: 춘향전; Hanja: 春香傳; lit. The Story of Chunhyang) is a 1950 Korean-language opera by South Korean composer Hyun Jae-Myung. This is generally regarded as the first western-style Korean opera. During the Japanese colonial period, he, like most Koreans, was given a Japanese name based on his Korean one (玄山濟明 Kuroyama Sumiaki). The plot concerns a girl Sun Chunhyang, and is based on the original Chunhyangjeon, a 17th-century novel telling one of the best known traditional love stories of Korea, based on the pansori Chunhyangga.

Chunhyangjeon
Chunhyangjeon (Korean: 춘향전; Hanja: 春香傳; lit. The Story of Chunhyang or The Tale of Chunhyang) is one of the best known love stories and folk tales of Korea. It is based on the pansori Chunhyangga, the most famous of the five surviving pansori tales.

Date of composition and author are unknown and the present form took shape between 1694 and 1834.
Xhevdet Llumnica
Xhevdet Llumnica[a] (born 24 June 1979) is a Kosovo Albanian retired footballer, who played for Limhamn Bunkeflo.

He was born in Pristina, at the time SAP Kosovo, SR Serbia, SFR Yugoslavia. Llumnica is a striker that played for several clubs in Kosovo and Sweden.

IF Limhamn Bunkeflo (men)
IF Limhamn Bunkeflo 2007, also known simply as LB07, are a Swedish football club based in Malmö. The club is affiliated with Skånes Fotbollförbund and play their home games at Limhamns IP. The club colours, reflected in their crest and kit, are red and white. Formed on 1 January 2008, the club has played one season in Sweden's second-tier league Superettan and three seasons in the third-tier league Division 1 Södra. The club is currently playing in Division 3, the fifth tier of the Swedish football league system, where the season lasts from April to October.
Metangula
Metangula is a small town on the shores of Lake Niassa, 110 kilometers from the provincial capital of Lichinga in Niassa Province, Mozambique. A few kilometers north of Metangula lies the sand beach of Chuanga. The main agricultural crops from the area are cassava (mandioca) and Vigna beans (feijāo nhemba).

12°42′S 34°49′E﻿ / ﻿12.700°S 34.817°E﻿ / -12.700; 34.817

Lake Malawi
Lake Malawi, also known as Lake Nyasa in Tanzania and Lago Niassa in Mozambique, (Swahili: Ziwa Nyasa) is an African Great Lake and the southernmost lake in the East African Rift system, located between Malawi, Mozambique and Tanzania.

It is the fourth largest freshwater lake in the world by volume, the ninth largest lake in the world by area and the third largest and second deepest lake in Africa. Lake Malawi is home to more species of fish than any other lake in the world, including at least 700 species of cichlids. The Mozambique portion of the lake was officially declared a reserve by the Government of Mozambique on June 10, 2011, while in Malawi a portion of the lake is included in Lake Malawi National Park.

Lake Malawi is a meromictic lake, meaning that its water layers do not mix. The permanent stratification of Lake Malawi's water and the oxic-anoxic boundary are maintained by moderately small chemical and thermal gradients.
Freedom Bowl
The Freedom Bowl was an annual post-season college football bowl game played at Anaheim Stadium in Anaheim, California, from 1984 to 1994.

The bowl frequently invited a team from the Western Athletic Conference to compete against an at-large opponent, provided that the conference had enough bowl-eligible teams.

After the 1994 season, the Freedom Bowl was discontinued as the WAC’s automatic bowl bids were reduced to one with the Holiday Bowl and Cotton Bowl Classic having choice of the conference champion.

Holiday Bowl
The Holiday Bowl is an annual college football bowl game held in San Diego, California. Operating since 1978, its current conference tie-ins are with the Pac-12 Conference and the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC). The bowl is held at Snapdragon Stadium; it was played at San Diego Stadium from 1978 to 2019 and at Petco Park from 2021 to 2023.

Historically, the Holiday Bowl had a long-standing tie-in with the Western Athletic Conference (WAC). During this period, the bowl hosted the game that clinched the national championship for the BYU Cougars in 1984, one of only two times a non-New Year's Six bowl game has done this. The bowl also previously had tie-ins with the Big 12 Conference and the Big Ten Conference.
Thoraciliacus
Thoraciliacus rostriceps is an extinct species of frog from the Cretaceous period and the only species of the genus Thoraciliacus, which is classified in the unranked clade Pipimorpha. A recent phylogenetic analysis confirmed this conclusion, and further suggested that Thoraciliacus rostriceps is more closely related to Pipidae and Shelaniinae than to Palaeobatrachus. Fossils of T. rostriceps were found in Makhtesh Ramon, Negev Desert, Israel and it is believed they lived during the Barremian. Other fossils have been found near Marydale, South Africa in an Upper Cretaceous lake.

Marydale
Marydale is a town in the Northern Cape province in western South Africa. Established in 1903 by the Dutch Reformed Church, Marydale was named after Mary Snyman, the wife of Mr GP Snyman, owner of the farm on which the town was laid out. The town is 76 km north-west of Prieska and lies near the N10 national road.

Marydale is 75 km north-west of Prieska and 120 km south-east of Upington. It was established in 1902 on the farm Kalkput.
Grass River Provincial Park
Grass River Provincial Park is a 2,279 km2 provincial park in Northwestern Manitoba, Canada. Designated in 1963, the park is approximately 75 km north of The Pas and is centered on the Grass River. The southern part of the park includes portions of the dolomitic Manitoba Lowlands of the Interior Plains, while the northern portion includes part of the granitic Canadian Shield. It is crossed east-west by Manitoba Highway 39 (PTH 39), with PTH 10 crossing the western edge of the park. The entire park shows evidence of glaciation. The park is considered to be a Class III protected area under the IUCN protected area management categories.

During the 20th century a number of mines operated in the park, the last of which closed in 1993.

Glacial period
A glacial period (alternatively glacial or glaciation) is an interval of time (thousands of years) within an ice age that is marked by colder temperatures and glacier advances. Interglacials, on the other hand, are periods of warmer climate between glacial periods. The Last Glacial Period ended about 15,000 years ago. The Holocene is the current interglacial. A time with no glaciers on Earth is considered a greenhouse climate state.
N. P. Durga
N. P. Durga Ramakrishna, a politician originally from the Telugu Desam Party, was a Member of the Parliament of India who represented Andhra Pradesh in the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Parliament. In 2021, she joined the BJP.

Telugu Desam Party
The Telugu Desam Party (abbr. TDP; transl. Party of the Telugu Land) is an Indian regional political party primarily active in the states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. It was founded by Telugu matinée idol N. T. Rama Rao (NTR) on 29 March 1982 and has focused on supporting Telugu people. The party has won a five-time majority in the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly and has emerged as the most successful political outfit in the state's history. It is currently the ruling party in the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly.

From 1 September 1995, the TDP was led by N. T. Rama Rao's son-in-law, Nara Chandra Babu Naidu as the national president of the party. The headquarters of the party is called N. T. R. Bhavan, which is located at Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh.