hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cristina Gutierrez
Maria Cristina Gutierrez (February 28, 1951 – January 30, 2004) was an American criminal defense attorney based in Baltimore, Maryland, who represented several high-profile defendants in the 1990s. She was the first Latina to be counsel of record in a case before the Supreme Court of the United States.
In 2001, Gutierrez was disbarred, with her consent, following multiple complaints from clients who paid her for legal work she failed to perform. At the time, Gutierrez was dying from a combination of multiple sclerosis and diabetes, and her health was rapidly deteriorating.

She served as trial counsel for Adnan Syed, the Baltimore-area teenager who was convicted in 2000 of murdering his ex-girlfriend, Hae Min Lee, and sentenced to life in prison. The controversial case gained renewed national attention in 2014 after being the subject of the first season of the podcast Serial.

In a post-conviction hearing, a judge ruled that Gutierrez "rendered ineffective assistance".

Criminal defense lawyer
A criminal defense lawyer is a lawyer (mostly barristers) specializing in the defense of individuals and companies charged with criminal activity. Some criminal defense lawyers are privately retained, while others are employed by the various jurisdictions with criminal courts for appointment to represent indigent persons; the latter are generally called public defenders. The terminology is imprecise because each jurisdiction may have different practices with various levels of input from country to country. Some jurisdictions use a rotating system of appointments, with judges appointing a private practice attorney or firm for each case.
Raoul II of Lusignan
Raoul II of Lusignan (c. 1200 – c. September 1, 1246, buried at the Abbey of Foucarmont) was the son of Raoul I of Lusignan and his wife Alix, Countess of Eu. He became Seigneur d'Exoudun and Count of Eu upon his father death in 1219.

He was married firstly in 1222 to Jeanne de Bourgogne (1200 – 1223, buried at the Abbaye de Foncarmont), daughter of Odo III, Duke of Burgundy.

His second wife, whom he married after 1223, was Yolande of Dreux (1196 – October 16, 1239), daughter of Robert II; their daughter, his only surviving child, was:

Marie, Countess of Eu

Raoul's third wife was Philippe of Dammartin.

Counts of Dreux
The Counts of Dreux were a noble family of France, who took their title from the chief stronghold of their domain, the château  of Dreux, which lies near the boundary between Normandy and the Île-de-France. They are notable for inheriting the Duchy of Brittany through Pierre de Dreux's marriage to Alix de Thouars in the early 13th century.
Salvadorans
Salvadorans (Spanish: Salvadoreños), also known as Salvadorians or Salvadoreans, are citizens of El Salvador, a country in Central America. Most Salvadorans live in El Salvador, although there is also a significant Salvadoran diaspora, particularly in the United States, with smaller communities in other countries around the world.

El Salvador's population was 6,218,000 in 2010, compared to 2,200,000 in 1950. In 2010, the percentage of the population below the age of 15 was 32.1%, 61% were between 15 and 65 years of age, while 6.9% were 65 years or older.

Tazumal
Tazumal (/täsuːˈmäl/) is a pre-Columbian archeological site in Chalchuapa, El Salvador. Tazumal is an architectural complex within the larger area of the ancient Mesoamerican city of Chalchuapa, in western El Salvador. The Tazumal group is located in the southern portion of the Chalchuapa archaeological zone. Archaeologist Stanley Boggs excavated and restored the Tazumal complex during the 1940s and 1950s.

Archaeological investigations indicate that Tazumal was inhabited from the Classic period through to the post-Classic and that the site had links as far afield as central Mexico, the northern Yucatán Peninsula and lower Central America. Metal artifacts from the complex date to the 8th century AD and are among the earliest metal artifacts reported from Mesoamerica.
Vivo Film
Vivo Film, established in Rome at the beginning of 2004 by Gregorio Paonessa and Marta Donzelli, is an Italian independent production company for art-house films.

Vivo Film's productions include works by Laura Bispuri, Andrea De Sica, Guido Chiesa, Jean-Louis Comolli, Emma Dante, Michelangelo Frammartino, Jennifer Fox, Chiara Malta, Masbedo, Pippo Mezzapesa, Susanna Nicchiarelli, Nelo Risi, Corso Salani, Daniele Vicari.

David di Donatello
The David di Donatello Awards, named after Donatello's David, a symbolic statue of the Italian Renaissance, are film awards given out each year by the Accademia del Cinema Italiano (the Academy of Italian Cinema). There are 26 award categories, as of 2023. The industry-voted awards are considered the Italian equivalent of the American Academy Awards.
Jiu Guo Zhi
Jiu Guo Zhi, or Records of the Nine Kingdoms, is a Chinese history book primarily composed by Lu Zhen of the Northern Song dynasty. The book covers nine of the Ten Kingdoms during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period of Chinese history: Yang Wu, Southern Tang, Wuyue, Former Shu, Later Shu, Northern Han (referred to as "Eastern Han"), Southern Han, Min, and Ma Chu. Lu Zhen died before completing the book, and Zhang Tangying (張唐英) added some materials. Later, Lu Zhen's son, Lu Lun (路綸), added two chapters on Jingnan (referred to as "Northern Chu").

The book originally contained 51 chapters, but chapters on the royal annuals have disappeared. In the 18th century, historian Shao Jinhan (邵晉涵) extracted surviving chapters from the Yongle Encyclopedia, which were recompiled by Zhou Mengtang (周夢棠) into a 12-chapter book.

Jingnan
Jingnan (simplified Chinese: 荆南; traditional Chinese: 荊南; pinyin: Jīngnán), also known as Nanping (南平; alternatively written as Southern Ping) and Northern Chu (北楚) in historiography, was a dynastic state of China and one of the Ten Kingdoms during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. Lasting from 924 to 963, it was located in south-central China.
Androsace brevis
Androsace brevis is an alpine plant in the family Primulaceae, a narrow endemic cushion plant that grows above 2000 m asl on rocky ridges and peaks in a restricted area in the Alps of Northern Italy (Lombardy) and adjacent Switzerland. Following IUCN criteria, its conservation status is Vulnerable (VU). The flowering period is very short, typically lasting about 2 weeks between the end of May and the beginning of June, immediately after snowmelt, when snow still occurs in the vicinity.

Primulaceae
The Primulaceae (/ˌprɪmjəˈleɪʃi.iː/ PRIM-yə-LAY-shee-ee), commonly known as the primrose family (but not related to the evening primrose family), are a family of herbaceous and woody flowering plants including some favourite garden plants and wildflowers. Most are perennial though some species, such as scarlet pimpernel, are annuals.

Previously one of three families in the order Primulales, it underwent considerable generic re-alignment once molecular phylogenetic methods were used for taxonomic classification. The order was then submerged in a much enlarged order Ericales and became a greatly enlarged Primulaceae sensu lato (s.l). In this new classification of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, each of the Primulales families was reduced to the rank of subfamily of Primulaceae s.l. The original Primulaceae (Primulaceae sensu stricto or s.s.) then became subfamily Primuloideae, and one genus (Maesa) was raised to the rank of a separate subfamily, making four in all.
Trybulski
Trybulski (masculine), Trybulska (feminine)  is a Polish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Maurycy Trybulski (1883–1944), Polish academic and animal breeder

Walter J. Trybulski (died 1989), American politician

Maurycy Trybulski
Maurycy Cyril Trybulski (1883 – August 8, 1944) was a Polish academic and animal breeder. He is remembered as the founder of the first kennel club in Poland (Polish Kennel Club), and as president of the Central Committee for Poultry Breeding in Poland (Centralny Komitet do Spraw Hodowli Drobiu w Polsce) from 1922 to the Second World War.

Trybulski was also a prolific writer and left behind numerous articles and texts, considered important for the study of animal breeding in Poland.
Nakap Nalo
Nakap Nalo is a Bharatiya Janata Party politician from Arunachal Pradesh. He has been elected in Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election in 2019 from Nacho constituency as candidate of Bharatiya Janata Party. He is the minister of Tourism and Transport & Civil Aviation departments in Second Pema Khandu ministry from 2019.

Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly
The Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly is the unicameral state legislature of Arunachal Pradesh state in north-eastern India. The seat of the Legislative Assembly is at Itanagar, the capital of the state. The Legislative Assembly comprises 60 Members of Legislative Assembly directly elected from single-seat constituencies.
Lime softening
Lime softening (also known as lime buttering, lime-soda treatment, or Clark's process) is a type of water treatment used for water softening, which uses the addition of limewater (calcium hydroxide) to remove hardness (deposits of calcium and magnesium salts) by precipitation. The process is also effective at removing a variety of microorganisms and dissolved organic matter by flocculation.

Organic matter
Organic matter, organic material or natural organic matter (NOM) is the large source of carbon-based compounds found within natural and engineered, terrestrial, and aquatic environments. It is matter composed of organic compounds that have come from the feces and remains of organisms such as plants and animals. Organic molecules can also be made by chemical reactions that do not involve life. Basic structures are created from cellulose, tannin, cutin, and lignin, along with other various proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. Organic matter is very important in the movement of nutrients in the environment and plays a role in water retention on the surface of the planet.
History of the British Virgin Islands
The history of the British Virgin Islands is usually, for convenience, broken up into five separate periods:

Pre-Columbian Amerindian settlement, up to an uncertain date

Nascent European settlement, from approximately 1612 until 1672

British control, from 1672 until 1834

Emancipation, from 1834 until 1950

The modern state, from 1950 to present day

These time periods are used for convenience only. There appears to be an uncertain period of time from when the last Arawak left what would later be called the British Virgin Islands until the first Europeans started to settle there in the early 17th century, when records of any settlement are unclear. Each of the above periods is marked by a dramatic change from the preceding time period, providing a way to define the history.

Tortola
Tortola (/tɔːrˈtoʊlə/) is the largest and most populated island of the British Virgin Islands, a group of islands that form part of the archipelago of the Virgin Islands. It has a surface area of 55.7 square kilometres (21.5 square miles) with a total population of 23,908, with 9,400 residents in Road Town. Mount Sage is its highest point at 530 metres (1,740 feet) above sea level.

Although the British Virgin Islands (BVI) are under the British flag, it uses the U.S. dollar as its official currency due to its proximity to and frequent trade with the U.S. Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico. The island is home to many offshore companies that do business worldwide. Financial services are a major part of the country's economy.

On 6 September 2017, the British Virgin Islands were extensively damaged by Hurricane Irma. The most severe destruction was on Tortola. News reports over the next day or two described the situation as "devastation".
16th & California and 16th & Stout stations
16th & California and 16th & Stout stations (sometimes styled as 16th•California and 16th•Stout) are a pair of light rail stations in Downtown Denver, Colorado, United States. It is served by the D, H, and L lines, operated by the Regional Transportation District (RTD), and was opened on October 8, 1994. These stations have one track each, and are one city block apart. 16th & California is served only by northbound trains and 16th & Stout is served only by southbound trains. These stations serve the 16th Street Mall and provide connections to the MallRide shuttle bus and Union Station via the shuttles.

H Line (RTD)
The H Line, part of the light rail system operated by the Regional Transportation District in the Denver-Aurora Metropolitan Area in Colorado, was added to the system on November 17, 2006, with the completion of the Southeast Corridor project (the "T-Rex Project"). It is one of four routes that were originally part of the RTD's service plan for the corridor.

The line was extended to reach Florida station on February 24, 2017 along with the opening of the R line.

From 3:00 am to 5:30 am, some H Line trains originate at Evans Station operating southbound to Florida Station.
Outline of natural language processing
Natural language processing is computer activity in which computers are entailed to analyze, understand, alter, or generate natural language.  This includes the automation of any or all linguistic forms, activities, or methods of communication, such as conversation, correspondence, reading, written composition, dictation, publishing, translation, lip reading, and so on.  Natural-language processing is also the name of the branch of computer science, artificial intelligence, and linguistics concerned with enabling computers to engage in communication using natural language(s) in all forms, including but not limited to speech, print, writing, and signing. The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to natural-language processing:

Conversation
Conversation is interactive communication between two or more people. The development of conversational skills and etiquette is an important part of socialization. The development of conversational skills in a new language is a frequent focus of language teaching and learning. Conversation analysis is a branch of sociology which studies the structure and organization of human interaction, with a more specific focus on conversational interaction.
Lee Quarnstrom
Lee Quarnstrom  13 Nov 1939 – September 29, 2021 was an American journalist, executive editor of Larry Flynt’s Hustler Magazine, and a Beatnik.  He was a core member of the Merry Pranksters, a group loosely led by novelist Ken Kesey.

Larry Flynt
Larry Claxton Flynt Jr. (/flɪnt/; November 1, 1942 – February 10, 2021) was an American publisher and the president of Larry Flynt Publications (LFP). LFP mainly produces pornographic magazines, such as Hustler, pornographic videos, and three pornographic television channels named Hustler TV. Flynt fought several high-profile legal battles involving the First Amendment, and unsuccessfully ran for public office. He was paralyzed from the waist down due to injuries sustained in a 1978 attempted assassination by serial killer Joseph Paul Franklin.: 170–71  In 2003, Arena magazine listed him at No. 1 on the "50 Powerful People in Porn" list. The 1996  biographical drama film The People vs. Larry Flynt, directed by Miloš Forman and starring Woody Harrelson, chronicles the life and career of Flynt.
Emminger Reform
The Emminger Decree or Emminger Reform (German: Emminger-Verordnung, Lex Emminger, or Emmingersche Justizreform; formally the Verordnung über Gerichtsverfassung und Strafrechtspflege (Court Organisation and Criminal Justice Regulations)) was an emergency decree in the democratic Weimar Republic by Justice Minister Erich Emminger (BVP) on 4 January 1924 that among other things abolished the jury as trier of fact and replaced it with a mixed system of judges and lay judges in Germany's judiciary which still exists today.

Trier of fact
In law, a trier of fact or finder of fact is a person or group who determines disputed issues of fact in a legal proceeding (usually a trial) and how relevant they are to deciding its outcome. To determine a fact is to decide, from the evidence presented, whether something existed or some event occurred.

The factfinder differs by the type of proceeding. In a jury trial, it is the jury; in a non-jury trial, the judge is both the factfinder and the trier of law. In administrative proceedings, the factfinder may be a hearing officer or a hearing body.
Marcus Anderson
Marcus J. Anderson (born June 12, 1959) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL). He was signed by the Chicago Bears as an undrafted free agent in 1981. He played college football for the Tulane Green Wave.

Tulane Green Wave football
The Tulane Green Wave football team represents Tulane University in the sport of American football. The Green Wave compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) as a member of the American Athletic Conference (The American). The football team is currently coached by Will Hall, the team plays its home games in Yulman Stadium on its campus in Uptown New Orleans.
Lotts Creek (Kentucky)
Lotts Creek is a creek in Perry County and Knott County, Kentucky in the United States.
It is a tributary of the North Fork Kentucky River that joins it at Darfork 3 miles (4.8 km) downstream of Hazard at an altitude of 820 feet (250 m).
It is 8.5 miles (13.7 km) long from its mouth to where it splits into the Young's (a.k.a. Young) and Kelly (a.k.a. Big) Forks.

The most likely source of the name "Lotts" is a William Harrison Lott of Clark County, however there is contradictory evidence on various historical maps, including a spelling "Lots" that is used after 1850, where before 1850 it was regularly spelled "Lotts".
The "Lots" spelling, according to one story, comes from when landowner "Danger Nick" Combs fenced off his land into lots; but in 1939 the U.S. Board on Geographic Names settled on the "Lotts" spelling.

Clark County, Kentucky
Clark County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 36,972. Its county seat is Winchester. The county was created in 1792 from Bourbon and Fayette counties and is named for Revolutionary War hero George Rogers Clark. Clark County is part of the Lexington-Fayette, KY Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Jean Girard
Jean Girard (8 August 1696 – 23 February 1765) was a French organist, serpent player, and schoolmaster who was primarily active in Canada. He was one of the first professional musicians living and working in the city of Montreal.

Born in Bourges, Girard initially intended to become a priest and entered the seminary of the Society of Saint-Sulpice in his native city in 1720. However, he was never ordained and instead began his career as a singing master at the seminary at the Église Saint-Sulpice, Paris in 1724. The following July he sailed across the Atlantic to Canada where he remained for the rest of his life. From 1724 until his death in 1765 he served as the organist of the Notre-Dame Church in Montreal. He also was active as a teacher.

He is mainly known for the voluminous book of French organ music he collected and brought with him from Paris; an anonymous collection known as the Livre d'orgue de Montréal.

Bourges
Bourges (/bʊərʒ/ BOORZH; French: [buʁʒ] ⓘ; Borges in Berrichon) is a commune in central France on the river Yèvre. It is the capital of the department of Cher, and also was the capital city of the former province of Berry. It is part of the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.
Chris Boswell
Christopher Lynn Boswell (born March 16, 1991) is an American professional football placekicker for the Pittsburgh Steelers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Rice Owls and was signed by the Houston Texans in 2014 as an undrafted free agent and has also spent time with the New York Giants. Boswell is currently the most accurate field goal kicker in NFL history on field goal attempts of 50 yards or more.

Rice Owls football
The Rice Owls football program represents Rice University in the sport of American football. The team competes at the NCAA Division I FBS level and compete in the American Athletic Conference. Rice Stadium, built in 1950, hosts the Owls' home football games. Rice has the second-smallest undergraduate enrollment of any FBS member, ahead of only Tulsa.
Fox Chase, Kentucky
Fox Chase is a home rule-class city in Bullitt County, Kentucky, in the United States. It was formally incorporated by the state assembly in 1983. The population was 436 as of the 2020 census, down from 447 in the 2010 census.

Kentucky General Assembly
The Kentucky General Assembly, also called the Kentucky Legislature, is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Kentucky.  It comprises the Kentucky Senate and the Kentucky House of Representatives.

The General Assembly meets annually in the state capitol building in Frankfort, convening on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in January. In even-numbered years, sessions may not last more than 60 legislative days, and cannot extend beyond April 15. In odd-numbered years, sessions may not last more than 30 legislative days, and cannot extend beyond March 30. Special sessions may be called by the Governor of Kentucky at any time and for any duration.
Slaba Gorica
Slaba Gorica (pronounced [ˈslaːba ˈɡoːɾitsa]; German: Schlechtbüchel) is a remote abandoned settlement in the Municipality of Črnomelj in the White Carniola area of southeastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region. Its territory is now part of the village of Rožič Vrh.

Rožič Vrh
Rožič Vrh (pronounced [ˈɾoːʒitʃ ˈʋəɾx], in older sources Rožičev verh, German: Roschitschwerch) is a settlement in the hills west of the town of Črnomelj in the White Carniola area of southeastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region. It includes the territory of the abandoned village of Gradec (also known as Zagradec) and Topli Vrh.
Nils von Rosenstein
Nils von Rosenstein (1 December 1752 — 7 August 1824) was a Swedish civil servant and propagator for enlightenment thinking. He served as tutor to the future King Gustav IV Adolf for eleven years (1784–1795) and as the first permanent secretary of the Swedish Academy. He served as president of the Christian education society Pro Fide et Christianismo. He was the son of physician Professor Nils Rosén von Rosenstein.

Gustav IV Adolf
Gustav IV Adolf or Gustav IV Adolph (1 November 1778 – 7 February 1837) was King of Sweden from 1792 until he was deposed in a coup in 1809. He was also the last Swedish monarch to be the ruler of Finland.

The occupation of Finland in 1808–09 by Russian forces was the immediate cause of Gustav Adolf's overthrow, violently initiated by officers of his own army. Following his abdication on 29 March 1809, an Instrument of Government was hastily written, which severely circumscribed the powers of the monarchy. The "Instrument" was adopted in 1809 on 6 June, the National Day of Sweden now as well as in his time. It remained in force until replaced in 1974. The crown, now with strictly limited powers, passed to Gustav Adolf's uncle Charles XIII.
Tomica Milosavljević
Tomica Milosavljević (Serbian Cyrillic: Томица Милосављевић [tômit͡sa milosǎːʋʎeʋit͡ɕ]; born 24 December 1955) is a Serbian doctor and politician. He served as Minister of Health in the Government of Serbia under four Prime Ministers with the total span of seven years (2002–03, 2004–06, 2007–11). He is also employed as a full professor at the University of Belgrade and works in the Clinical Centre of Serbia in Belgrade.

Clinical Centre of Serbia
The University Clinical Centre of Serbia (Serbian: Универзитетски клинички центар Србије, romanized: Univerzitetski klinički centar Srbije; abbr. УKЦС / UKCS) is an academic medical centre located in Belgrade, Serbia. It serves as the main medical centre for both Belgrade and the rest of Serbia.