hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pan-European Corridor IV
The Corridor IV is one of the Pan-European transport corridors. It runs between Dresden/Nuremberg in Germany and Thessaloniki (Greece) / Constanța (Romania) / Istanbul (Turkey). The corridor follows the route: Dresden / Nuremberg – Prague – Vienna – Bratislava – Győr – Budapest – Arad – Bucharest – Constanța / Craiova – Sofia  – Pernik - Thessaloniki or Plovdiv – Istanbul.

The corridor is the shortest land connection between Greece and Central Europe completely within EU territory. The road corridor is 3,640 km.

It bypasses the countries of former Yugoslavia and the former Brotherhood and Unity Highway (now part of Pan-European Corridor X).

Plovdiv
Plovdiv (Bulgarian: Пловдив, pronounced [ˈpɫɔvdif]) is the second-largest city in Bulgaria and the most populous city in the Bulgarian part of the historic region of Thrace, located 144 km (93 miles) southeast of the capital Sofia. It had a population of 329,489 as of 2024 and 540,000 in its greater metropolitan area. An important economic, transport, cultural, and educational hub of Bulgaria, Plovdiv was the European Capital of Culture in 1999 and 2019, and joined the UNESCO Global Network of Learning Cities in 2016.
Norma Guillard
Norma Guillard Limonta is a Cuban social psychologist and adjunct lecturer at the University of Havana. She is a co-founder of Grupo Oremi, a now defunct lesbian discussion group in Cuba. Her academic works borders on gender, sexuality, race and identity. Guillard is a foundation member of  the Cuban branch of La Articulacion Regional de Afrodescendientes de Latinoamerica y el Caribe, a joint regional discussion group composed of individuals of African descent in Latin America and the Caribbean.

She appeared as one of the protagonists in Catherine Murphy's documentary, Maestra about the Cuban Literacy Campaign.

Social psychology
Social psychology is the methodical study of how thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others. Although studying many of the same substantive topics as its counterpart in the field of sociology, psychological social psychology places more emphasis on the individual, rather than society; the influence of social structure and culture on individual outcomes, such as personality, behavior, and one's position in social hierarchies. Social psychologists typically explain human behavior as a result of the relationship between mental states and social situations, studying the social conditions under which thoughts, feelings, and behaviors occur, and how these variables influence social interactions.
Bangomunda
Bangomunda is a tehsil in the Balangir district of Odisha, India with historical importance. It is located 72 km (45 mi) from the district in the town of Balangir. Bangomunda was formerly known as Banganmura which means Brinjal Firm.

Balangir district
Balangir district, also called Bolangir district, is a district situated in Odisha state of India. The district has an area of 6,575 km2 (2,539 sq mi), and a population of 1,648,997 (2011 census). The town of Balangir is the district headquarters. The composition of the land is predominantly rural. Other important towns in Balangir district are Titlagarh, Patnagarh, Kantabanji, Loisingha, Saintala, Belpada, Tushra, Agalpur, Deogaon, Chudapali, Biripali, Bhalumunda, Bangomunda, Sindhekela, Kansil, Turekela and Muribahal.
PDE4B
cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4B is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PDE4B gene.

This gene is a member of the type IV, cyclic AMP (cAMP)-specific, cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) family. Cyclic nucleotides are important second messengers that regulate and mediate a number of cellular responses to extracellular signals, such as hormones, light, and neurotransmitters. The cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) regulate the cellular concentrations of cyclic nucleotides and thereby play a role in signal transduction. This gene encodes a protein that specifically hydrolyzes cAMP. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized.

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP, cyclic AMP, or 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate) is a second messenger, or cellular signal occurring within cells, that is important in many biological processes. cAMP is a derivative of  adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and used for intracellular signal transduction in many different organisms, conveying the cAMP-dependent pathway.
Van Zuylen van Nijevelt cabinet
The Van Zuylen van Nijevelt cabinet was the cabinet of the Netherlands from 1 June 1866 until 4 June 1868. The cabinet was formed by Independent Conservatives (Ind. Con.) after the election of 1866. The right-wing cabinet was a minority government in the House of Representatives. Independent Liberal Conservative Jules van Zuylen van Nijevelt was Prime Minister.

Julius van Zuylen van Nijevelt
Julius Philip Jacob Adriaan, Count van Zuylen van Nijevelt (19 August 1819 – 1 July 1894) was a conservative Dutch politician who served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1860 until 1861, and again from 1866 until 1868. During his second ministership, he also served as Chairman of the Council of Ministers.
Battle of Musgrove Mill
The Battle of Musgrove Mill, August 19, 1780, occurred near a ford of the Enoree River, near the present-day border between Spartanburg, Laurens and Union Counties in South Carolina during the American Revolutionary War. During the course of the battle, 200 Patriot militiamen defeated a combined force of approximately 300 Loyalist militiamen and 200 provincial regulars.

Spartanburg County, South Carolina
Spartanburg County is a county located on the northwestern border of the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 327,997, making it the fifth-most populous county in South Carolina. Its county seat is Spartanburg. Spartanburg County is the largest county within the Spartanburg, SC Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson, SC Combined Statistical Area.
Tower of Mendoza
The Tower of Mendoza (Spanish: Torre de Mendoza, Basque: Mendoza dorretxea) is a tower located in Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain. It was declared Bien de Interés Cultural in 1984. The tower is strategically located between the roads of Old Castile and the Ebro river.

The Tower of Mendoza is a fortified tower located in the village of Mendoza, near Vitoria-Gasteiz (Álava, País Vasco, Spain). It was built in the thirteenth century as a residence of the House of Mendoza.

Ebro
The Ebro (Spanish and Basque [ˈeβɾo] ⓘ; Catalan: Ebre, Western: [ˈeβɾe], Eastern: [ˈeβɾə]) is a river of the north and northeast of the Iberian Peninsula, in Spain. It rises in Cantabria and flows 930 kilometres (580 mi), almost entirely in an east-southeast direction. It flows into the Mediterranean Sea, forming a delta in the Terres de l'Ebre region, in southern Catalonia. In the Iberian peninsula, it ranks second in length after the Tagus and second in discharge volume, and drainage basin, after the Douro. It is the longest river entirely within Spain; the other two mentioned flow into Portugal.

The Ebro flows through many cities (Spanish: ciudades): Reinosa in Cantabria; Frías and Miranda de Ebro in Castile and León; Haro, Logroño, Calahorra, and Alfaro in La Rioja; Tudela in Navarre; Alagón, Utebo, and Zaragoza in Aragon; and Flix, Móra d'Ebre, Benifallet, Tivenys, Xerta, Aldover, Tortosa, and Amposta in the province of Tarragona (Catalonia).
Alt (surname)
Alt is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Albrecht Alt (1883–1956), German bible scholar and Protestant theologian

Carol Alt (born 1960), American model and actress

Don Alt (1916–1988), American politician and businessman

Ernst Alt, German Roman Catholic priest and exorcist

Helmut Alt, German computer scientist

Franz Alt (mathematician) (1910–2011), Austrian-born American mathematician

Franz Alt (painter) (1821–1914), Austrian painter, brother of Rudolf

J. Kenji López-Alt, American chef and food writer

Jakob Alt (1789–1872), Austrian painter, father of painters Franz and Rudolf

Joe Alt (born 2003), American football player

John Alt (born 1962), German-American football player

Mark Alt (born 1991), American ice hockey player

Renata Alt (born 1965), German politician

Rudolf von Alt (1812–1905), Austrian painter

Salome Alt (1568–1633), Austrian wife of Wolf Dietrich (von) Raitenau

Susanne Alt (born 1978), German female saxophonist

Helmut Alt
Helmut Alt (born 1950) is a German computer scientist whose research concerns graph algorithms and computational geometry. He is known for his work on matching geometric shapes, including methods for efficiently computing the Fréchet distance between shapes. He was also the first to use the German phrase "Algorithmische Geometrie" [algorithmic geometry] to refer to computational geometry. He is a professor of computer science at the Free University of Berlin.
Photocurrent
Photocurrent is the electric current through a photosensitive device, such as a photodiode, as the result of exposure to radiant power.  The photocurrent may occur as a result of the photoelectric, photoemissive, or photovoltaic effect.  The photocurrent may be enhanced by internal gain caused by interaction among ions and photons under the influence of applied fields, such as occurs in an avalanche photodiode (APD).

When a suitable radiation is used, the photoelectric current is directly proportional to intensity of radiation and increases with the increase in accelerating potential till the stage is reached when photo-current becomes maximum and does not increase with further increase in accelerating potential. The highest (maximum) value of the photo-current is called saturation current. The value of retarding potential at which photo-current becomes zero is called cut-off voltage or stopping potential for the given frequency of the incident ray.

Cutoff voltage
In electronics, the cut-off voltage is the voltage at which a battery is considered fully discharged, beyond which further discharge could cause harm. Some electronic devices, such as cell phones, will automatically shut down when the cut-off voltage has been reached.
Disney Sing It
Disney Sing It is a karaoke video game. It was released on October 21, 2008 for the PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, Wii, Xbox 360 and Microsoft Windows.

It's the second game in the Disney Sing It series after High School Musical: Sing It!. The game features 35 songs from Disney-affiliated artists and Disney Channel productions like Hannah Montana, Camp Rock, Aly & AJ, Miley Cyrus and the Jonas Brothers. It also features a selection of songs from the High School Musical franchise and a "Singing lessons" mode with Olesya Rulin as a vocal coach.

The game has received mixed reviews, with both 1UP.com and IGN praising its accessibility towards kids but finding serious fault with the gameplay, with Official Xbox Magazine ultimately calling it a "gateway game" at best.

It was followed by a third game, Disney Sing It! – High School Musical 3: Senior Year.

Olesya Rulin
Olesya Yurivna Rulina (Russian: Oлeся Юрьевна Рулина; born March 17, 1986) is a Russian-American actress. She is best known for co-starring in all three films of the High School Musical franchise as Kelsi Nielsen. She also starred in the films Private Valentine: Blonde & Dangerous (2008), Flying By (2009), Expecting Mary (2010), and Family Weekend (2013).
Zoltán Aczél
Zoltán Aczél (born 13 May 1967) is a Hungarian football manager and a former player who played as a defender.

His previous clubs include Hungarian football clubs such as Újpest FC, BFC Siófok, Vác-Újbuda LTC, Pécsi Mecsek FC, BVSC Budapest and FC Dabas, and Austrian ones such as SV Ried and TSV Hartberg, and the South Korean club Daewoo Royals.

TSV Hartberg
Turn- und Sportverein Hartberg (officially known as TSV Egger Glas Hartberg for sponsorship reasons) is an Austrian professional football club based in Hartberg, Styria. Founded in 1946, the club plays in the Austrian Bundesliga, the highest level of the Austrian football league system.

Hartberg were promoted to the Bundesliga for the first time in 2018 and have since established themselves in the top flight. In the 2019–20 season, they qualified for European competition for the first time, earning a place in the 2020–21 UEFA Europa League qualifiers.

The club plays its home matches at the Profertil Arena Hartberg, a 4,500-capacity stadium, and traditionally wears blue and white.
Never Say Never (Armin van Buuren song)
"Never Say Never" is a song by Dutch disc jockey and record producer Armin van Buuren. It features vocals and lyrics from Dutch singer and songwriter Jacqueline Govaert. The song was released in the Netherlands by Armind on 29 June 2009 as the fifth and last single from van Buuren's third studio album Imagine.

Alex Gaudino
Alessandro Alfonso Fortunato Gaudino (Italian pronunciation: [alesˈsandro alˈfɔnso fortuˈnaːto ɡauˈdiːno]; born 23 January 1970 in Salerno, Campania), better known by his stage name Alex Gaudino, is an Italian DJ and record producer.
Imma Monsó
Imma Monsó (born in 1959 in Lleida, Catalonia) is a Spanish fiction writer.

Monsó is known mainly for her humorous and poignant novels and for blending an absurdist wit with a profound tenderness for her very singular characters. Monso is graduated from University of Barcelona, Spain and University of Caen Normandy in France. She is a high school teacher and writes for the main Spanish and Catalan newspapers like El País and La Vanguardia. All her literary works has been translated into Spanish, and most of them to several languages. She has received numerous awards for her literary works.

La Vanguardia
La Vanguardia (Catalan: [lə βəŋˈɡwaɾðiə]; Spanish: [la βaŋˈɡwaɾðja], lit. 'The Vanguard') is a Spanish daily newspaper founded in 1881. It is printed in Spanish and, since 3 May 2011, also in Catalan. It has its headquarters in Barcelona and is Catalonia's leading newspaper.

Despite being mostly distributed in Catalonia, La Vanguardia is Spain's fourth-highest circulation among general-interest newspapers, trailing only the three main Madrid-based ones – El País, El Mundo and ABC – all of which are national newspapers with offices and local editions throughout the country.

The newspaper's editorial line leans to the centre of politics and is moderate in its opinions, but during Francoist Spain, it followed the Francoist ideology. It retains Catholic sensibilities and strong ties to the Spanish nobility through the Godó family.
Francisco de Borbón y Borbón
Francisco de Paula Enrique María Luis de Borbón y Borbón (16 November 1912 – 18 November 1995) was a Spanish aristocrat and a distant relative of the Spanish royal family. He had a brilliant and outstanding military career as a Lieutenant General and commander of the cavalry in the Spanish Army.

Spanish royal family
The Spanish royal family comprises Felipe VI and his immediate family, these are Queen Letizia; their children, Leonor, Princess of Asturias, and Infanta Sofía; and Felipe's parents, King Juan Carlos I and Queen Sofía. The royal family lives at the Palace of Zarzuela in Madrid, although their official residence is the Royal Palace of Madrid. The membership of the royal family is defined by royal decree and consists of: the King of Spain, the monarch's spouse, the monarch's parents, his children, and the heir to the Spanish throne.
Art Nouveau in Paris
The Art Nouveau movement of architecture and design flourished in Paris from about 1895 to 1914, reaching its high point at the 1900 Paris International Exposition. with the Art Nouveau metro stations designed by Hector Guimard. It was characterized by a rejection of historicism and traditional architectural forms, and a flamboyant use of floral and vegetal designs, sinuous curving lines such as the whiplash line, and asymmetry. It was most prominent in architecture, appearing in department stores, apartment buildings, and churches, and in the decorative arts, particularly glassware, furniture, and jewelry. Besides Guimard, major artists included René Lalique in glassware, Louis Majorelle in furniture, and Alphonse Mucha in graphic arts, It spread quickly to other countries, but lost favor after 1910 and came to an end with the First World War.

Frantz Jourdain
Frantz Jourdain (French pronunciation: [fʁɑ̃ts ʒuʁdɛ̃]; 3 October 1847 – 22 August 1935) was a Belgian architect and author. He is best known for La Samaritaine, an Art Nouveau department store built in the 1st arrondissement of Paris in three stages between 1904 and 1928. He was respected as an authority on Art Nouveau.
Yulia Livinskaya
Yulia Livinskaya (born July 31, 1990) is a Russian freestyle skier, specializing in ski cross.

Livinskaya competed at the 2010 Winter Olympics for Russia. She placed 32nd in the qualifying round in ski cross, to advance to the knockout stages. She did not finish her first round heat, and did not advance.

As of April 2013, her best finish at the World Championships is 20th, in 2011.

Livinskaya made her World Cup debut in March 2009. As of April 2013, her best finish at a World Cup event is 10th, coming at two events in 2011/12. Her best World Cup overall finish in ski cross is 20th, in 2011/12.

Ski cross
Ski cross is a skiing competition which incorporates terrain features traditionally found in freestyle skiing with courses which include big-air jumps and high-banked turns. In spite of the fact that it is a timed racing event, it is often considered a type of freestyle skiing. What sets ski cross apart from other alpine skiing disciplines is that it involves more than one skier racing down the course. Any intentional contact with other competitors like grabbing or any other forms of contact meant to give the competitor an advantage leads to disqualification.

Ski cross is a part of the FIS Freestyle World Ski Championships, the world championship organized by the FIS for freestyle skiing. First organized in 1986, the world championship is now held every odd year. In 2010 the sport debuted as a part of the Winter Olympic Games and has been contested ever since. It was a part of the Winter X Games until 2012.
Eimeria maxima
Eimeria maxima is a protozoan that causes coccidiosis in poultry. It is located in the middle part of the intestine, on either side of Meckel's diverticulum, and frequently ascends into the duodenum. The lesions it causes are limited to the middle of the small intestine.

Coccidiosis
Coccidiosis is a parasitic disease of the intestinal tract of animals caused by coccidian protozoa. The disease spreads from one animal to another by contact with infected feces or ingestion of infected tissue. Diarrhea, which may become bloody in severe cases, is the primary symptom. Most animals infected with coccidia are asymptomatic, but young or immunocompromised animals may suffer severe symptoms and death.

While coccidia can infect a wide variety of animals, including humans, birds, and livestock, they are usually species-specific. One well-known exception is toxoplasmosis caused by Toxoplasma gondii.

Humans may first encounter coccidia when they acquire a dog, cat or bird that is infected. Other than T. gondii, the infectious organisms are canine and feline-specific and are not contagious to humans, unlike the zoonotic diseases.
Cameraria castaneaeella
Cameraria castaneaeella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is from the United States (Connecticut, Kentucky, Ohio, Maine and New York).

The wingspan is 6-7.5 mm.

The larvae feed on Castanea species (including Castanea dentata and Castanea sativa) and Quercus species (including Quercus ilicifolia). They mine the leaves of their host plant.

Sweet chestnut
The sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa), also known as the Spanish chestnut or European chestnut, is a species of tree in the family Fagaceae, native to Southern Europe and Asia Minor, and widely cultivated throughout the temperate world. A substantial, long-lived deciduous tree, it produces an edible seed, the chestnut, which has been used in cooking since ancient times.
2003 Champion Hurdle
The 2003 Champion Hurdle was a horse race held at Cheltenham Racecourse on Tuesday 11 March 2003. It was the 73rd running of the Champion Hurdle.

The race was won by Terry Warner's Rooster Booster, a nine-year-old gelding trained in Somerset by Philip Hobbs and ridden by Richard Johnson. His victory was the first in the race for his owner, trainer and jockey.

Rooster Booster started at odds of 9/2 and won by eleven lengths from Westender, with the favourite Rhinestone Cowboy in third. Hors La Loi III who refused to race and was left at the start, was the only previous winner of the race to line up for the race: other runners included Intersky Falcon, Landing Light and Like-A-Butterfly. Fourteen of the seventeen runners completed the course.

Hors La Loi III
Hors La Loi III (foaled 22 February 1995) was a French-bred AQPS racehorse who won the 2002 Champion Hurdle. A dark bay gelding with a narrow blaze and white hind feet, he developed a reputation for being rather inconsistent, but was one of the most talented hurdlers of his era with a peak rating of 165.
Carol E. Mayer
Carol E. Mayer is a Canadian museum professional, curator, and educator. She has curated over 50 exhibitions and worked with the British Columbia Museums Association (BCMA), Canadian Museums Association (CMA), and the International Council of Museums (ICOM).

Mayer has taught museum studies and material culture courses at the University of British Columbia (UBC), University of Victoria, and Emily Carr Institute of Art and Design. She co-founded and directed the Museum Studies Certificate Program at UBC (1996-1997).

University of Victoria
The University of Victoria (UVic) is a public research university located in the municipalities of Oak Bay and Saanich, British Columbia, Canada. Established in 1903 as Victoria College, the institution was initially an affiliated college of McGill University until 1915. From 1921 to 1963, it functioned as an affiliate of the University of British Columbia. In 1963, the institution was re-organized into an independent university.
Kiliansteich
The Kiliansteich (literally "St. Kilian's Pond") is one of the oldest reservoirs in Germany. The reservoir is located near Straßberg (Harz) in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt and supplies drinking water. It impounds the Büschengraben stream. The lake is part of the heritage area (Flächendenkmal) of the Lower Harz Pond and Ditch System.

The reservoir has a rockfill dam with a watertight clay core that sits on a shale bedrock.

Straßberg, Saxony-Anhalt
Straßberg (German pronunciation: [ˈʃtʁaːsbɛʁk]) is a village and a former municipality in the district of Harz, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 August 2009, it is part of the town Harzgerode. Straßberg is located in southeastern part of the Harz mountains, 20 km south of Quedlinburg, 22 km northeast of Nordhausen and 23 km northwest of Sangerhausen.
Morgana Robinson's The Agency
Morgana Robinson's The Agency is a British mockumentary about fictional talent agency Mann Management, with impressions by Morgana Robinson. In a seven-part show, Robinson plays the roster of talent agent Vincent Mann. It was broadcast on BBC Two from September 2016.

The premise of the programme is that Vincent has allowed a documentary crew access to his celebrity clients, including Miranda Hart, Natalie Cassidy, Russell Brand, Joanna Lumley, Gregg Wallace, Mel and Sue, Danny Dyer and Adele, all of whom are played by Robinson. Critical reception was largely positive.

The show's additional cast members include Cavan Clerkin, Oliver Maltman, Terry Mynott, Matthew Steer, Cariad Lloyd and Matt Berry.

Matthew Steer
Matthew Steer (born 24 April 1978) is an English actor and writer.

He made his stage debut in 1989 and is known for his roles as Ricky Ryan in Silent Witness, Matt Lindsay in EastEnders, Dr. Potts in Showtrial, and Albert Pemberton in Partners in Crime.