hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Diaphragmatic excursion
Diaphragmatic excursion is the movement of the thoracic diaphragm during breathing.

Normal diaphragmatic excursion should be 3–5 cm, but can be increased in well-conditioned persons to 7–8 cm. This measures the contraction of the diaphragm.

It is performed by asking the patient to exhale and hold it. The doctor then percusses down their back in the intercostal margins (bone will be dull), starting below the scapula, until sounds change from resonant to dull (lungs are resonant, solid organs should be dull). That is where the provider marks the spot. Then the patient takes a deep breath in and holds it as the provider percusses down again, marking the spot where the sound changes from resonant to dull again. Then the provider will measure the distance between the two spots. Repeat on the other side, is usually higher up on the right side. If it is less than 3–5 cm the patient may have a pneumonia or a pneumothorax in which a chest x-ray is diagnostic for either.

Scapula
The scapula (pl.: scapulae or scapulas), also known as the shoulder blade, is the bone that connects the humerus (upper arm bone) with the clavicle (collar bone). Like their connected bones, the scapulae are paired, with each scapula on either side of the body being roughly a mirror image of the other. The name derives from the Classical Latin word for trowel or small shovel, which it was thought to resemble.

In compound terms, the prefix omo- is used for the shoulder blade in medical terminology. This prefix is derived from ὦμος (ōmos), the Ancient Greek word for shoulder, and is cognate with the Latin (h)umerus, which in Latin signifies either the shoulder or the upper arm bone.

The scapula forms the back of the shoulder girdle. In humans, it is a flat bone, roughly triangular in shape, placed on a posterolateral aspect of the thoracic cage.
William Henry Johnson
William Henry Johnson is the name of:

William Henry Johnson (valet) (died 1864), part-time valet and barber to Abraham Lincoln

William Henry Johnson (VC) (1890–1945), English First World War recipient of the Victoria Cross

Henry Johnson (World War I soldier) (born William Henry Johnson, 1892–1929), American First World War recipient of the Medal of Honor

William H. Johnson (artist) (born William Henry Johnson, 1901–1970), African-American painter

Peerie Willie Johnson (1920–2007), Scottish folk guitarist and bassist

Zip the Pinhead (1842–1926), American freak show performer

Peerie Willie Johnson
"Peerie" Willie Johnson (William Henry Johnson) (10 December 1920 in Yell, Shetland – 22 May 2007 in Lerwick, Shetland) was a Scottish folk guitarist and bassist. He was respected as an influential and innovative musician in the Shetland folk scene. Since 2005 there has been a "Peerie" Willie Guitar Festival" each year on the islands.

"Peerie" is a Shetland dialect word, meaning "small" or "little".
2008 Southland Conference baseball tournament
The 2008 Southland Conference baseball tournament was held from May 21 through 24. The top eight regular season finishers of the league's twelve teams met in the double-elimination tournament held at Don Sanders Stadium in Huntsville, Texas. The winner of the tournament, Sam Houston State, earned the conference's automatic bid to the 2008 NCAA Division I baseball tournament.

Sam Houston Bearkats baseball
The Sam Houston State Bearkats baseball team is a varsity intercollegiate athletic team of Sam Houston State University in Huntsville, Texas, United States. The team is currently a member of Conference USA, an athletic conference in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The team plays its home games at Don Sanders Stadium.
Basilica Minore dei Santi Filippo e Giacomo
Basilica Minore dei Santi Filippo e Giacomo is a Catholic basilica of the Diocese of Belluno-Feltre, located in Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy. It is dedicated to the Apostles Philip and James, patron saint of Cortina d'Ampezzo. It is the home of the parish and the deanery of Cortina d'Ampezzo. Built between 1769 and 1775 in the Baroque style to a design by the architect Joseph Promperg, it sits on the site where two previous churches had existed from the 13th and 16th centuries.

James, son of Alphaeus
James, son of Alphaeus (Greek: Ἰάκωβος, Iakōbos; Aramaic: ܝܥܩܘܒ ܒܪ ܚܠܦܝ; Hebrew: יעקב בן חלפי Ya'akov ben Halfai; Coptic: ⲓⲁⲕⲱⲃⲟⲥ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲁⲗⲫⲉⲟⲥ; Arabic: يعقوب بن حلفى, romanized: Ya'qūb bin Halfā) was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus, appearing under this name in all three of the Synoptic Gospels' lists of the apostles. He is generally identified with James the Less (Ancient Greek: Ἰάκωβος ὁ μικρός Iakōbos ho mikros, Mark 15:40) and commonly known by that name in church tradition. He is also labelled "the Minor", "the Little", "the Lesser", or "the Younger", according to translation. He is distinct from James, son of Zebedee and in some interpretations also from James, brother of Jesus (James the Just). He appears only four times in the New Testament, each time in a list of the twelve apostles.
SkyTran
Skytran (stylized as skyTran) is a personal rapid transit system concept. It was first proposed by the  inventor Douglas Malewicki in 1990 and was under development by Unimodal Inc. A prototype of the skyTran vehicle and a section of track have been constructed. The early magnetic levitation system, Inductrack, which SkyTran has replaced with a similar proprietary design, has been tested by General Atomics with a full-scale model.  In 2010, Unimodal signed an agreement with NASA to test and develop skyTran. skyTran had proposed additional projects in France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, the United Kingdom, and the United States.

Levitation (paranormal)
Levitation or transvection, in the paranormal or religious context, is the claimed ability to raise a human body or other object into the air by mystical means.

While believed in some religious and New Age communities to occur due to supernatural, miraculous, psychic, or "energetic" phenomena, there is no scientific evidence of levitation occurring.  Alleged cases of levitation can usually be explained by deception and fraud, such as trickery, illusion, and hallucination.
Ivonne Passada
Ivonne Passada Leoncini (4 April 1956 – 11 March 2023) was a Uruguayan professor and politician belonging to the Broad Front. From 3 March 2015, she served as a senator replacing Eduardo Bonomi, who was ratified as Minister of the Interior for the Broad Front government installed on 1 March.

Senate of Uruguay
The Chamber of Senators of Uruguay (Cámara de Senadores de Uruguay), or Senate, is the upper house of the General Assembly of Uruguay (Asamblea General de Uruguay). It has 30 members, elected for a five-year term by proportional representation; the vice-president presides over the chamber's sessions.

The composition and powers of the Senate are established by Article Ninety-eight of the Uruguayan Constitution. It also requires that the senators must be at least 30 years old and have been Uruguayan citizens for seven years. In addition to the functions that it performs jointly with the House of Representatives through the General Assembly, it alone holds public trials of those impeached by the House of Representatives or the Departamental Board. If convicted by 2/3 of the Senators, they may (only) remove them from office.
Minister of Foreign Affairs (Russia)
The minister of foreign affairs of the Russian Federation (Russian: Министры иностранных дел России, romanized: Ministry inostrannykh del Rossii) is a high-ranking Russian government official who heads the ministry of foreign affairs of the Russian Federation. The foreign minister is one of the five presidential ministers, along with the ministers of defence, interior, emergencies and justice. Although they are members of the Cabinet, they are directly subordinate to the President.

The foreign minister, like other presidential ministers, is nominated and appointed by the President after consultation with the Federation Council (whereas non-presidential ministers are nominated by the Prime Minister and appointed by the President after approval by the State Duma). The foreign minister is also a permanent member of the Russian Security Council.

Security Council of Russia
The Security Council of the Russian Federation (SCRF or Sovbez; Russian: Совбез, Совет безопасности Российской Федерации, СБРФ, romanized: Sovet bezopasnosti Rossiyskoy Federatsii, SBRF) is a constitutional consultative body of the Russian president that supports the president's decision-making on national security affairs and matters of strategic interest. Composed of Russia's top state officials and heads of defence and security agencies and chaired by the president of Russia, the SCRF acts as a forum for coordinating and integrating national security policy.
Vicky Mabin
Victoria Jane Mabin, also van den Broek-Mabin, is a New Zealand management academic, and is a professor emeritus at Victoria University of Wellington. Mabin is a Fellow of the UK Operational Research Society and was awarded a Lifetime Achievement Award by the Theory of Constraints International Certification Organization.

International Journal of Operations & Production Management
The International Journal of Operations and Production Management is a monthly peer-reviewed academic journal covering all aspects of supply chain management and operations management. It was established in 1980 and is published by Emerald Group Publishing. The editors-in-chief are Jens Roehrich (University of Bath), Hugo Lam (University of Liverpool), and Martin C. Schleper (NEOMA Business School). It is the official journal of the European Operations Management Association.
Kaarel Kübar
Kaarel Kübar (before 1937 Karl-Eduard; 15 January 1907 – 28 May 2004) was an Estonian sport shooter.

He was born in Vara Rural Municipality, Tartu County.

He began his shooting career in 1933. He won 5 medals at 1939 ISSF World Shooting Championships. He was 4-times Estonian champion in different shooting disciplines. 1937–1939 he was a member of Estonian national sport shooting team.

1944–1954 he spent in a prison camp in Siberia. In 1955 he returned to Estonia.

In 2000 he was awarded Order of the White Star V Class.

He is buried at Rahumäe Cemetery in Tallinn.

Order of the White Star
The Order of the White Star (Estonian: Valgetähe teenetemärk; French: Ordre de l'Etoile blanche) was instituted in 1936. The Order of the White Star is bestowed on Estonian citizens and foreigners to give recognition for services rendered to the Estonian state.
Dr. Heckyll & Mr. Jive (song)
"Dr. Heckyll & Mr. Jive" is a song by the Australian musical group Men at Work. The song was written by Men at Work singer/guitarist Colin Hay, and the recording was produced by Peter McIan. It was released in October 1982 in Australia as the lead single from their second album Cargo (1983); in the United States it was also the band's first single from that album.

The song is about a mad scientist named Dr. Heckyll (played by Men at Work keyboardist Greg Ham in the song's music video) who creates a potion that turns him into a smooth, handsome and talkative man. The title is a parody of Robert Louis Stevenson's 1886 novella The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde. The story is also very similar to the premise of the 1963 film The Nutty Professor.

Cash Box said that "sci-fi flick laboratory sounds lend authenticity to an otherwise Men At Work-manlike lively rhythmic and vocal tune."

Greg Ham
Gregory Norman Ham (27 September 1953 – 15 April 2012) was an Australian musician, best known as a member of the 1980s band Men at Work. He played saxophone, flute, harmonica, guitar, organ, piano, and synthesizer.
Speakeasy (1929 film)
Speakeasy is a 1929 American sound (All-Talking) pre-Code sports drama film directed by Benjamin Stoloff and adapted by Frederick Hazlitt Brennan and Edwin J. Burke. The picture was produced and distributed by Fox Film Corporation. Lola Lane and Paul Page played the lead roles. John Wayne had a minor role in the film as a speakeasy patron. All film elements to this movie are considered lost, but Movietone discs of the soundtrack survive.

Fox Film
The Fox Film Corporation (also known as Fox Studios) was an American independent company that produced motion pictures and was formed in 1915 by the theater "chain" pioneer William Fox. It was the corporate successor to his earlier Greater New York Film Rental Company and Box Office Attraction Company (founded 1913).

The company's first film studios were set up in Fort Lee, New Jersey, but in 1917, William Fox sent Sol M. Wurtzel to Hollywood, California, to oversee the studio's new West Coast production facilities, where the climate was more hospitable for filmmaking. On July 23, 1926, Fox Studios bought the patents of the Movietone sound system for recording sound onto film.

After the Wall Street crash of 1929, William Fox lost control of the company in 1930, during a hostile takeover. Under new president Sidney R. Kent, the new owners merged the company with Twentieth Century Pictures to form Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corporation (later 20th Century Studios) in 1935.
Biryakovo
Biryakovo (Russian: Биряково) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Biryakovskoye Rural Settlement, Sokolsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 799 as of 2002. There are 8 streets.

Vologda Oblast
Vologda Oblast (Russian: Вологодская область, romanized: Vologodskaya oblastʹ, IPA: [vəlɐˈɡotskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]; Veps: Vologdan agj) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is Vologda. The oblast has a population of 1,202,444 (2010 Census). The largest city is Cherepovets, the home of the Severstal metallurgical plant, the largest industrial enterprise in the oblast.

Vologda Oblast is home to many historic monuments, such as the Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery, Ferapontov Monastery (a World Heritage Site) with the frescoes of Dionisius, the two medieval towns of Velikiy Ustyug and Belozersk, and the baroque churches of Totma and Ustyuzhna.

Large reserves of wood and fresh water are the main natural resources.
Weijers
Weijers is a Dutch surname. Its origin may be patronymic (son of "Weijer", a now rare given name related to Wichard), toponymic (from wijer, modern Dutch vijver, meaning "pond"), or occupational (related to modern Dutch weiden, i.e. to let graze, for a shepherd). Variant forms are Waijers, Weijer, Weyers, Wijers and Wyers. People with the surname include:

Bibiane Weijers (born 1988), Dutch tennis player

Niña Weijers (born 1987), Dutch writer and journalist

Robin Paul Weijers (born 1964), Dutch organiser of domino projects

Wijers

Clemens Wijers (born 1983), Dutch heavy metal keyboardist and songwriter

Hans Wijers (born 1951), Dutch executive and Minister of Economic Affairs 1994–98

Louwrien Wijers (born 1941), Dutch contemporary artist and writer

Clemens Wijers
Clemens "Ardek" Wijers (born 10 November 1983) is a Dutch keyboardist, pianist, and composer best known as the keyboardist of Dutch symphonic black metal band Carach Angren. Prior to forming Carach Angren with his brother Ivo "Namtar" Wijers and Dennis "Seregor" Droomers, he played with Dark Mutation and Vaultage. Wijers has written songs for Rammstein singer Till Lindemann's side project Lindemann and solo album, in addition to contributing orchestration and orchestral arrangements for Lindemann, Pain, Ex Deo and Joe Lynn Turner. He has also composed several soundtrack albums and provided soundtracks for short films.
Chapattimyidae
Chapattimyidae is an extinct family of rodent from Asia. According to Fossilworks, it contains two subfamilies and six unplaced genera.

Subfamily Baluchimyinae Flynn et al. 1986
Asterattus Flynn and Cheema 1994
Baluchimys Flynn et al. 1986
Lindsaya Flynn et al. 1986
Lophibaluchia Flynn et al. 1986
Wakkamys Flynn et al. 1986
Zindapiria Flynn and Cheema 1994

Subfamily Chapattimyinae Averianov 1996
Khodzhentia Averianov 1996
Terrarboreus Shevyreva 1971

Unplaced genera
Basalomys Hartenberger 1982
Birbalomys Sahni and Khare 1973
Chapattimys Hussain et al. 1978
Gumbatomys Hartenberger 1982
Kazygurtia Nessov 1987
Subathumys Gupta and Kumar 2015

Fossilworks
Fossilworks was a portal which provides query, download, and analysis tools to facilitate access to the Paleobiology Database, a large relational database assembled by hundreds of paleontologists from around the world.
Secretary of State for Ibero-America
The secretary of state for Ibero-America and the Caribbean and Spanish in the World is a government official within the Spanish Ministry of Foreign Affairs, European Union and Cooperation responsible for executing the foreign policy over Ibero-America and the Caribbean, as well as promoting Spanish language around the world.

In these sense, the secretary of state prepares and coordinates Spain's participation in the Ibero-American Summits and the Ibero-American Community of Nations and gives support to the Madrid-based Ibero-American General Secretariat. Finally, the secretary of state also designs the policy towards the Organization of American States, giving the appropriate orders to the ambassador.

Ibero-American Summit
The Ibero-American Summit, formally the Ibero-American Conference of Heads of State and Governments (Spanish: Cumbres Iberoamericanas de Jefes de Estado y de Gobierno, Portuguese: Cimeiras (or Cúpulas) Ibero-Americanas de Chefes de Estado e de Governo), is a yearly meeting of the heads of government and state of the Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking nations of Europe and the Americas, as members of the Organization of Ibero-American States. The permanent secretariat in preparation of the summits is the Ibero-American General Secretariat (SEGIB).
George N. Leighton
George Neves Leighton (born George Neves Leitão; October 22, 1912 – June 6, 2018) was an American judge who served as a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois. He was known for taking cases related to housing, voting, and jury service, especially if these cases were directly impacted by injustice, particularly racism.

United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois
The United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois (in case citations, N.D. Ill.)  is the federal trial court with jurisdiction over the northern counties of Illinois. It is one of the busiest federal trial courts in the United States, with famous cases including those of Al Capone and the Chicago Eight.

Appeals from the Northern District of Illinois are taken to the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit (except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit).

The United States attorney for the district, representing the United States in litigation in the court, is Andrew S. Boutros since April 7, 2025.
Galactic empire
Galactic empires are a science fiction setting trope, in which most or all of the habitable planets in the setting's galaxy are ruled by a single centralized political entity. Galactic empires most frequently appear in works in the sub-genres of science fantasy and space opera, although they may appear in other sub-genres as well. Works featuring galactic empires may have them as the story's focus, chronicling the empire's growth and/or decline. Alternatively, they may merely serve as a backdrop against which the events of the story play out.

Literary device
In writing and speaking, a literary device, literary technique, rhetorical device, stylistic device, or trope is any deliberate strategy of using language that an author or orator employs to be more effective at achieving some purpose. This purpose may be: to focus or guide the audience's attention, to make the language or its content memorable, or to evoke a particular emotional, rational, aesthetic, or other response.

Literary devices are classifiable into sub-categories, such as narrative devices, poetic devices, argumentative devices, linguistic schemes or templates, or other techniques distinct to certain forms of language. They can be difficult to cleanly classify, however, as many are common across multiple such forms and can intersect under various categories, such as figures of speech.
Franco Gidoni
Franco Gidoni (Feltre, 4 January 1955) is a Venetist politician from Veneto, Italy.

A member of Liga Veneta–Lega Nord, Gidoni was deputy mayor of Belluno from 2006 to 2008 and a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 2008 to 2013, when he did not stand for re-election as he was not a supporter of Flavio Tosi's new course within the party.

In the 2015 regional election, after Tosi was sidelined by the federal party, Gidoni was elected to the Regional Council of Veneto in the province of Belluno. He was not re-elected in the 2020 regional election.

2020 Venetian regional election
The 2020 Venetian regional election took place in Veneto on 20 and 21 September 2020.

Originally scheduled to take place on 31 May 2020, it was delayed due to the coronavirus pandemic in Italy and was part of a round of multiple regional elections in Italy (7 regions out of 20). Venetian voters elected their President and their Regional Council, composed of 51 members including the President.

Luca Zaia, the second-term incumbent president and leading member of the League, was re-elected by a record 76.8% of the vote, the highest tally for a regional President in Italy. The runner-up, Arturo Lorenzoni, backed mainly by the Democratic Party, won 15.7% of the vote.

Regarding parties results, the League ran in this election presenting two lists: the official League list and a list named after Zaia. Combined, the two lists won 61.5% of the vote. The Democratic Party came second with 11.9% and Brothers of Italy came third with 9.6%.
Hair whorl
A hair whorl (also known as a crown, swirl, or trichoglyph) is a patch of hair growing in a circular direction around a visible center point. Hair whorls occur in most hairy animals on the body as well as on the head, and can be either clockwise, counterclockwise or diffuse in direction of growth.

Clockwise
Two-dimensional rotation can occur in two possible directions, or senses of rotation. Clockwise motion (abbreviated CW) proceeds in the same direction as a clock's hands relative to the observer: from the top to the right, then down and then to the left, and back up to the top. The opposite sense of rotation or revolution is (in Commonwealth English) anticlockwise (ACW) or (in North American English) counterclockwise (CCW). Three-dimensional rotation can have similarly defined senses when considering the corresponding angular velocity vector.
Alfenz
The Alfenz is a river of Vorarlberg, Austria.

The Alfenz is approximately 26 kilometres (16 mi) long and the main river in the valley Klostertal. It originates from the confluence of the Flexenbach and the Rauzbach near Stuben. and flows in western direction. The river's flow created the Klostertal. The Alfenz flows into the Ill 3.5 km (2.2 mi) east of Bludenz.

Villages near the river include Klösterle and Dalaas.  The S16 expressway (Arlberg Schnellstraße) runs alongside the river.

The origin of the Alfenz is close to the European watershed. The Alfenz belongs to the Rhine basin, while across the Arlberg to the east the water flows into the Danube. The Alfenz carries rocks from the Northern Limestone Alps that crop out north of the river and the Silvretta Crystalline which crops out in the south.

Stuben am Arlberg
Stuben am Arlberg is a winter sports resort in the town of Klösterle in the westernmost Austrian province of Vorarlberg. It is located at an altitude of 1,410 meters and had 90 inhabitants (as of 1 January 2019).