hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
School of Medical Science and Technology
The School of Medical Science and Technology (SMST) is an educational and research institute affiliated to the Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India. Founded in 2001, the School of Medical Science and Technology brings together doctors, scientists and engineers to work collaboratively on projects for better healthcare.

The school offers the following courses: Master of Medical Science & Technology (MMST), M.Tech. in Medical Imaging and Informatics, M.Tech. in Biomedical Engineering, M.Sc.in Medical Physics, M.Sc. in Nuclear Medicine, M.Sc. in Medical Molecular Microbiology and PhD Programs. Former Prime Minister Manmohan Singh has described SMST as an innovative model which integrates the two diverse disciplines of engineering and medicine and signals new directions in medical education and healthcare delivery.

National Medical Commission
The National Medical Commission (NMC) is a statutory body in India that regulates medical education, medical professionals, institutes, and research. Established on 25 September 2020, it replaced the Medical Council of India. The Commission grants recognition of medical qualifications, gives accreditation to medical schools, grants registration to medical practitioners, and monitors medical practice and assesses the medical infrastructure in India.

It was earlier established for 6 months by an ordinance in January 2019 and later became a permanent law passed by Parliament of India and later approved by President of India on 08-August-2019.
Josephus Augustinus Brentano
Josephus Augustinus Brentano (1753 – 1821) was a Dutch art collector.

Brentano was born in Amsterdam and became a merchant in trade with the VOC and the WIC. He was not unsuccessful and retired early in a canal mansion on the Herengracht (today nr. 544). He formed a large art cabinet there that competed with the one formed by Jan Gildemeester further down the canal. Like Gildemeester, he hired Adriaan de Lelie to portray him among his prize paintings. He started the collection to encourage artists in their field, according to Roeland van Eynden and Adriaan van der Willigen.

Brentano in his art cabinet

Location of his canal mansion today

Brentano died a bachelor in Amsterdam and his collection was sold to found Brentano's Steun des Ouderdoms a home for poor elderly men.

Herengracht
The Herengracht (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɦeːrə(ŋ)ˌɣrɑxt]) is the second of four Amsterdam canals belonging to the canal belt and lies between the Singel and the Keizersgracht. 
The Gouden Bocht (Golden Bend) in particular is known for its large and beautiful canal houses.
1961 Papua New Guinean general election
General elections were held in the Territory of Papua and New Guinea on 18 March 1961. Indigenous members were elected for the first time, although on an indirect basis. The territory's first political party, the United Progress Party, won three seats.

Territory of Papua and New Guinea
The Territory of Papua and New Guinea was established by an administrative union between the Australian-administered territories of Papua and New Guinea (the latter being a United Nations trust territory administered by Australia) in 1949. In December 1971, the name of the Territory changed to "Papua New Guinea" and in 1975 it became the Independent State of Papua New Guinea.
UEFA Euro 1972 qualifying Group 2
Group 2 of the UEFA Euro 1972 qualifying tournament was one of the eight groups to decide which teams would qualify for the UEFA Euro 1972 finals tournament. Group 2 consisted of four teams: Hungary, Bulgaria, France, and Norway, where they played against each other home-and-away in a round-robin format. The group winners were Hungary, who finished two points above Bulgaria and France.

UEFA Euro 1972
The 1972 UEFA European Football Championship final tournament was held in Belgium. This was the fourth UEFA European Championship, held every four years and endorsed by UEFA. The final tournament took place between 14 and 18 June 1972.

Only four countries played in the final tournament, with the tournament consisting of the semi-finals, a third place play-off, and the final.

The hosts were only announced after the qualifying round, which meant all teams had to participate in the qualification process for the final stage. Belgium was chosen among three candidates; the other bids came from England and Italy, whose teams did not reach the semi-finals.

West Germany won the tournament, beating the Soviet Union 3–0 in the final, with goals coming from Gerd Müller (twice) and Herbert Wimmer at the Heysel Stadium in Brussels.
Tourin
Tourin (French pronunciation: [tuʁɛ̃]) is a type of French soup, which is composed of onion, tomato, and/or garlic. It is also known as ouliat (lit. 'creamy') or le tourin d'ail doux, meaning 'smooth garlic soup'.  Many regions have their own variations on the recipe. Typically, many recipes include as many as 20 cloves of garlic for a much stronger flavor. However, other recipes include an equal measure of both onions and garlic to even out the taste.

To prepare, the minced garlic (and sliced onions if included) are sautéed until soft and a simple roux is made by adding flour. Chicken stock or water is added to the mixture and is simmered over low heat to reduce.  Egg whites are slowly drizzled in, not unlike egg drop soup, but whisked very rapidly to prevent large curds from forming. It is further thickened by tempering an egg yolk mixed with vinegar, which is then added to the soup.

Stock (food)
Stock, sometimes called bone broth, is a savory cooking liquid that forms the basis of many dishes – particularly soups, stews, and sauces. Making stock involves simmering animal bones, meat, seafood, or vegetables in water or wine, often for an extended period. Mirepoix or other aromatics may be added for more flavor.
Robert de Stretton
Robert de Stretton (died 1385) was Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield following the death of Roger Northburgh in 1358. A client of Edward, the Black Prince, he became a "notorious figure" because it was alleged that he was illiterate, although this is now largely discounted as unlikely, as he was a relatively efficient administrator.

Chad of Mercia
Chad (died 2 March 672) was a prominent 7th-century Anglo-Saxon monk. He was an abbot, Bishop of the Northumbrians and then Bishop of the Mercians and Lindsey People. After his death he was known as a saint.

He was the brother of Bishop Cedd, also a saint. He features strongly in the work of Bede and is credited, together with Bishop Wilfrid of Ripon, with introducing Christianity to the Mercian kingdom.
Ventura Unified School District
The Ventura Unified School District (VUSD) is a school district headquartered in Ventura, California, United States. The district serves K–12 students in Ventura and surrounding unincorporated communities of Ventura County, including Saticoy, Casitas Springs, Oak View, and La Conchita. As of the 2019–20 school year, VUSD enrollment numbered 16,353 students.

K–12
K–12 (from kindergarten to twelfth grade) is an English language expression that indicates the range of years of publicly supported primary and secondary education found in the United States and Canada, which is similar to publicly supported school grades before tertiary education in several other countries, such as  Armenia, Australia, China, Ecuador, Egypt, India, Iran, the Philippines, South Korea, and Turkey. K–12 refers to the American system which affords authority to local intersectional "districts" which may be specific to a municipality, county, or several regions, depending on population and proximity.
Saeed-ur-Rashid Abbasi
Shahzada Saeed-ur-Rasheed Abbasi is a former Federal  Minister of the Government of Pakistan and the son of the last ruling Monarch of the Bahawalpur Kingdom, Sir Sadiq Muhammad Khan Abbasi V.

He petitioned the desealing of his ancestral Sadiqgarh Palace and auctioned off the antiques. He is the brother of Prince Aminul Rashid Abbasi. The cars (14 Rolls-Royces, Renaults and Cadillacs) alone fetched a 10 million Rupee Mark.

Bahawalpur (princely state)
State of Bahawalpur was a state in the Punjab region of South Asia that existed as a sovereign polity from 1748 to 1833 and as a princely state, under subsidiary alliance with British India and later Dominion of Pakistan, from 1833 to 1955. It was a part of the Punjab States Agency; and covered an area of 45,911 km2 (17,726 sq mi) with a population of 1,341,209 in 1941. The capital of the state was the town of Bahawalpur.

The state was founded in 1748 by Nawab Bahawal Khan Abbasi. On 22 February 1833, Abbasi III entered into a subsidiary alliance with the British, by which Bahawalpur was admitted as a princely state. When British rule ended in 1947 and British Raj was partitioned into India and Pakistan, Bahawalpur joined the Dominion of Pakistan. Bahawalpur remained an autonomous entity until 14 October 1955, when it was merged with the province of West Pakistan.
2009 Tercera División play-offs
The 2009 Tercera División play-offs to Segunda División B from Tercera División (Promotion play-offs) were the final playoffs for the promotion from 2008–09 Tercera División to 2009–10 Segunda División B. The first four teams in each group (excluding reserve teams) took part in the play-off.

RCD Mallorca B
Real Club Deportivo Mallorca B is a Spanish football team based in Palma, Majorca, in the Balearic Islands. Founded in 1967, it is the reserve team of RCD Mallorca and currently plays in Tercera Federación – Group 11, holding home matches at Estadi i Son Bibiloni, with a capacity of 1,500 seats.

Unlike in England, reserve teams in Spain play in the same football pyramid as their senior team rather than a separate league.
2015 Finifenmaa boat explosion
On 28 September 2015, an explosion occurred on the presidential speedboat 'Finifenmaa', where it was carrying President Abdulla Yameen, First Lady Fathimath Ibrahim, and other government officials from his administration. The boat was carrying them from Hulhulé to the Izzuddeen Faalan (presidential jetty) in Malé. Yameen escaped unhurt but first lady Fathimath Ibrahim, a presidential aide, and a bodyguard was injured. This explosion was labelled as an assassination attempt on Yameen but has been widely disputed.

Hulhulé
Hulhulé (Dhivehi: ހުޅުލެ), located at 4°11′N 73°32′E﻿ / ﻿4.183°N 73.533°E﻿ / 4.183; 73.533, is an island in the North Malé Atoll of the Maldives where the city's airport, Velana International Airport, is located. The island has no permanent population.

It is one of the islands closest to the capital island Malé. Hulhulé is considered a ward of Malé.

The 2.1-kilometre (1.3 mi) Sinamalé Bridge links the island with Malé. The bridge, which has two car lanes and separate lanes for motorcycles and pedestrians, opened on 30 August 2018.
Millea
Millea is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Jim Millea (born 1958), English actor who plays Neville Ashworth in the soap opera Hollyoaks

Joe Millea (born 1941), retired Irish sportsperson

Joe Millea
Joseph Millea (21 October 1941 – 30 January 2020) was an Irish hurler. At club level he played with Graigue, Graigue-Ballycallan and also lined out at inter-county level with the Kilkenny senior hurling team.
Felipe Villalba
Felipe Villalba (born 14 March 1985) is a Paraguayan former professional footballer who played as a midfielder for 3 de Febrero, Tacuary, and Deportivo Santaní in Paraguay, for Universitario de Pando in Bolivia, and for Veraguas Club Deportivo and Club Deportivo Universitario in Panama.

Club Deportivo Universitario
Club Deportivo Universitario (formerly Chorrillo F.C.) is a Panamanian professional football club currently playing in the Liga Panameña de Fútbol, the highest level of football in Panama. It is based in Penonomé, Coclé Province.
Russ Crane (American football)
Russell J. Crane (1906/1907 – March 18, 1966) was an American college football player and coach and boxer. He was a prominent guard for coach Robert Zuppke's Illinois Fighting Illini, captain in 1929.

Crane was an assistant football coach at the University of Richmond from 1935 to 1938.  He turned to Richmond as line coach and head track coach in 1946.

He died of pulmonary heart disease in Monongalia County, West Virginia, on March 18, 1966, at age 59.

Monongalia County, West Virginia
Monongalia County, known locally as Mon County, is a county located in the U.S. state of West Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 105,822, making it West Virginia's third-most populous county. Its county seat is Morgantown. The county was founded in 1776. Monongalia County is included in the Morgantown, WV Metropolitan Statistical Area, and is the largest county in North-Central West Virginia. It is part of the Pittsburgh media market.
Fontainebleau (album)
Fontainebleau is a 1956 album by jazz musician Tadd Dameron. The title track, inspired by a trip to the French palace of the same name, is a through-composed composition with no solos, while "Flossie Lou" is a contrafact of "Jeepers Creepers".

Jeepers Creepers (song)
"Jeepers Creepers" is a popular song and jazz standard. The music was written by Harry Warren and the lyrics by Johnny Mercer for the 1938 movie Going Places. It was premiered by Louis Armstrong and has been covered by many other musicians. The song was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song in 1938 but lost to "Thanks for the Memory".  The song was included in the 1984 Smithsonian collection American Popular Song: Six Decades of Songwriters and Singers and in the 1998 album The Songs of Harry Warren.
Kimeme
Kimeme is an open platform for multi-objective optimization and multidisciplinary design optimization. It is intended to be coupled with external numerical software such as computer-aided design (CAD), finite element analysis (FEM), structural analysis and computational fluid dynamics tools. It was developed by Cyber Dyne Srl and provides both a design environment for problem definition and analysis and a software network infrastructure to distribute the computational load.

Structural analysis
Structural analysis is a branch of solid mechanics which uses simplified models for solids like bars, beams and shells for engineering decision making. Its main objective is to determine the effect of loads on physical structures and their components.  In contrast to theory of elasticity, the models used in structural analysis are often differential equations in one spatial variable. Structures subject to this type of analysis include all that must withstand loads, such as buildings, bridges, aircraft and ships.  Structural analysis uses ideas from applied mechanics, materials science and applied mathematics to compute a structure's deformations, internal forces, stresses, support reactions, velocity, accelerations, and stability. The results of the analysis are used to verify a structure's fitness for use, often precluding physical tests. Structural analysis is thus a key part of the engineering design of structures.
Endre Hansen
Endre Hansen (born 14 February 1978) is a Norwegian football midfielder who currently plays for Øystese IL.

He started his career in IL Kvernbit. He was in the squad of SK Brann in 2001, but did not get any Norwegian Premier League games until the next year. He played 12 games in 2002. After the season, he was declared unwanted by Brann. He then joined Åsane. After the 2004 season he joined Løv-Ham. After the 2007 season he rejoined Åsane, but ahead of the 2011 season he went back to Løv-Ham. In 2012, he joined fourth-tier club Øystese IL.

Åsane Fotball
Åsane Fotball is a Norwegian football club based in Åsane. The club currently competing in 1. divisjon, the second tier of the Norwegian football league system, in which they have been participating since their promotion in 2019 2. divisjon. They were relegated from 1. divisjon in 2018.
Paul Hockings
Paul Hockings (born February 23, 1935) is an anthropologist whose prime areas of focus are the Dravidian languages, social, visual and medical anthropology.

He studied archaeology and anthropology at the University of Sydney, the University of California, Berkeley, and at the universities in Chicago, Stanford and Toronto. He taught anthropology at the University of California, Los Angeles and the University of Illinois at Chicago, and he has been the dean of United International College's Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities. In 2024, he retired as the editor-in-chief of Visual Anthropology.

David G. Mandelbaum
David Goodman Mandelbaum (August 22, 1911, in Chicago – April 19, 1987) was an American anthropologist.

He majored in anthropology at Northwestern University, studying with Melville J. Herskovits. His major published work dealt with the Plains Cree people of Saskatchewan, Canada and he was well regarded for his study of society in India. He earned his doctorate at Yale University in 1936.

He taught at University of Minnesota (1941–1946), University of California (1946–1978), and was an active professor emeritus at the latter until his death in 1987 from cancer.
Ubiquitous commerce
Ubiquitous Commerce also known as U-Commerce, u commerce or uCommerce (not 'U.Commerce'), refers to a variety of goods and/or services. Sometimes, it is used to refer to the wireless, continuous communication and exchange of data and information between and among retailers, customers, and systems (e.g., applications) regardless of location, devices used, or time of day.

Sometimes, U-Commerce is taken as the generic term for all business transactions through or by means of information and communications technology (ICT).

System
A system is a group of interacting or interrelated elements that act according to a set of rules to form a unified whole. A system, surrounded and influenced by its environment, is described by its boundaries, structure and purpose and is expressed in its functioning. Systems are the subjects of study of systems theory and other systems sciences.

Systems have several common properties and characteristics, including structure, function(s), behavior and interconnectivity.
Rishi Kumaar
Rishi Kumaar (1975–2018) was a Singaporean actor, musician, lyricist, known for acting in the  Vasantham drama Vettai. He was the second runner-up of Vasantham Star 2005 (Singapore Indian Idol Competition) organized by MediaCorp Vasantham.

Kumaar was a graduate from the Asian Academy Of Film & Television in Delhi. He was also well known for famous songs that were featured in "Vettai", "Planet Galatta" and many more.

Vasantam
Vasantam (transl. Spring) is a 2003 Indian Telugu-language drama film written and directed by Vikraman. Produced by N. V. Prasad and Sanam Naga Ashok Kumar, the film starred Venkatesh, Arti Agarwal, and Kalyani. The music was composed by S. A. Rajkumar. The film won two Nandi Awards.

The film opened simultaneously alongside the Tamil version of the film, Priyamaana Thozhi, starring R. Madhavan, Jyothika, Sridevi Vijayakumar and Vineeth. It was remade in Kannada in 2010 as Hoo.
Guo
"Guo", written in Chinese: 郭, is one of the most common Chinese surnames and means "the wall that surrounds a city" in Chinese. It can also be transliterated as Cok, Gou, Quo, Quach, Quek, Que, Keh, Kuo, Kwo, Kuoch, Kok, Koc, Kwee, Kwek, Kwik, Kwok, Kuok, Kuek, Gock, Koay, or Ker. The Korean equivalent is spelled Kwak; the Vietnamese equivalent is Quách.

The different ways of spelling this surname indicate the origin of the family. For example, the Cantonese "Kwok" originated in Hong Kong and the surrounding area. In the Philippines, the spelling is "Que", "Ke", "Quepe", and "Kepa". In 2019, Guo was the 16th most common surname in mainland China.

Hong Leong Group
Hong Leong Group is a prominent family-owned conglomerate under the Quek/Kwek family, with a strong presence in both Singapore and Malaysia.

While the group shares a common heritage, it operates as two separate entities: Hong Leong Group Malaysia, chaired by Quek Leng Chan, and Hong Leong Group Singapore, chaired by Kwek Leng Beng.
Sistema de Trens Urbanos de João Pessoa
The Sistema de Trens Urbanos de João Pessoa (João Pessoa Urban Trains System), also known as VLT de João Pessoa (VLT for Veiculo Leve sobre Trilhos, Light Rail Vehicle) is the metropolitan train system of the João Pessoa Metropolitan Region. It is operated by the Companhia Brasileira de Trens Urbanos (CBTU) through the Superintendência de Trens Urbanos de João Pessoa.

It currently consists of 13 stations on a single line of 30.03 kilometers, which interconnects the municipalities of Santa Rita, Bayeux, João Pessoa and Cabedelo in the state of Paraíba, carrying an average of 11,600 passengers per day.

Bayeux, Paraíba
Bayeux is a municipality in the state of Paraíba in the Northeast Region of Brazil.

Presidente Castro Pinto International Airport which serves the state capital (João Pessoa) is located at Bayeux.

The municipality was called Barreiros until 1944, when the name was changed to celebrate the first city of the Battle of Normandy to be liberated, Bayeux, France, during the Second World War.
Ishbel Group
The Ishbel Group is a stratigraphic unit of Permian age in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin. It is present in the Canadian Rockies of Alberta and British Columbia. First defined by A. McGugan in 1963, it is named for Mount Ishbel of the Sawback Range in Banff National Park, and parts of the group were first described in the vicinity of the mountain at Ranger Canyon and Johnston Canyon.

Phosphoria Formation
The Phosphoria Formation of the western United States is a geological formation of Early Permian age. It represents some 15 million years of sedimentation, reaches a thickness of 420 metres (1,380 ft) and covers an area of 350,000 square kilometres (140,000 sq mi).

The Phosphoria includes phosphorite beds that are an important source of phosphorus. Many of its shales are rich in organic matter and are petroleum source rocks, and some of its dolomites include petroleum reservoirs.
Orchid mycorrhiza
Orchid mycorrhizae are endomycorrhizal fungi which develop symbiotic relationships with the roots and seeds of plants of the family Orchidaceae. Nearly all orchids are myco-heterotrophic at some point in their life cycle. Orchid mycorrhizae are critically important during orchid germination, as an orchid seed has virtually no energy reserve and obtains its carbon from the fungal symbiont.

The symbiosis starts with a structure called a protocorm. During the symbiosis, the fungus develops structures called pelotons within the root cortex of the orchid.

Many adult orchids retain their fungal symbionts throughout their lives, although the benefits to the adult photosynthetic orchid and the fungus remain largely unexplained.

Russula
Russula is a very large genus composed of around 750 worldwide species of fungi. The genus was described by Christian Hendrik Persoon in 1796.

The mushrooms are fairly large, and brightly colored – making them one of the most recognizable genera among mycologists and mushroom collectors. Their distinguishing characteristics include usually brightly coloured caps, a white to dark yellow spore print, brittle, attached gills, an absence of latex, and absence of partial veil or volva tissue on the stem. Microscopically, the genus is characterised by the amyloid ornamented spores and flesh (trama) composed of spherocysts. Members of the related genus Lactarius have similar characteristics but emit a milky latex when their gills are broken.

The ectomycorrhizal mushrooms are typically common. Although some species are toxic, a number of others are edible.