hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Resolution Rupes
Resolution Rupes is an escarpment on Mercury approximately 190 kilometers long located in the southern hemisphere of Mercury. Discovered by the Mariner 10 spacecraft in 1974, it was formed by a thrust fault, thought to have occurred due to the shrinkage of the planet's core as it cooled over time.

Resolution Rupes has an arcuate shape with the scarp face on convex side of the arc. It has a relief of about 0.9 km and is situated between Adventure Rupes and Discovery Rupes. These three scarps lie on a large arc extending for more than 1000 km. Resolution Rupes is separated from Adventure Rupes by a high relief ridge informally called Rabelais Dorsum, which crosscuts the scarps. This means that Resolution Rupes and Adventure Rupes may be parts of one large structure similar in length to Discovery Rupes.

The scarp is named after HMS Resolution, one of James Cook's ships on his second voyage to the Pacific, 1772–1775.

Planetary core
A planetary core consists of the innermost layers of a planet. Cores may be entirely liquid, or a mixture of solid and liquid layers as is the case in the Earth. In the Solar System, core sizes range from about 20% (the Moon) to 85% of a planet's radius (Mercury).

Gas giants also have cores, though the composition of these are still a matter of debate and range in possible composition from traditional stony/iron, to ice or to fluid metallic hydrogen. Gas giant cores are proportionally much smaller than those of terrestrial planets, though they can be considerably larger than the Earth's nevertheless; Jupiter's is 10–30 times heavier than Earth, and exoplanet HD149026 b may have a core 100 times the mass of the Earth.

Planetary cores are challenging to study because they are impossible to reach by drill and there are almost no samples that are definitively from the core. Thus, they are studied via indirect techniques such as seismology, mineral physics, and planetary dynamics.
Doug Mathis
Douglas Alan Mathis (born June 7, 1983) is a former professional baseball pitcher and current pitching coach for the Toros de Tijuana of the Mexican League. He played in Major League Baseball, the KBO League, Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB), and the Chinese Professional Baseball League (CPBL). Previously he was a coach in the Seattle Mariners, Toronto Blue Jays and Texas Rangers organizations.

KBO League
The KBO League (Korean: KBO 리그) is a professional baseball league in South Korea. The league comprises ten teams. The KBO League was founded with six franchises in 1982 and is the most popular sports league in South Korea. The Kia Tigers are the most successful team, having won 12 of the 44 championships.

In comparison with American Major League Baseball, ESPN reports that the KBO level of play "appears to be somewhere between Double-A and Triple-A, on average, though the best players are more likely to be MLB-quality than your typical Double-A league." Historically, the KBO is known for its vocal and exuberant fan base, as well as the widespread practice of bat flips (ppa-dun (Korean: 빠던), a portmanteau of the "first syllables of the words for 'bat' and 'throw'") by hitters after striking what they think will be a home run. In the KBO, the bat flipping tradition dates to the 1990s.
Adam Schultz (American football)
Adam Schultz (born c. 1983) is an American college football coach. He is the head football coach for Post University, a position he has held since 2020. He also coached for Woodland Regional High School and New Haven.

New Haven Chargers football
The New Haven Chargers football program represents the intercollegiate football team for the University of New Haven. The Chargers previously competed in NCAA Division II as members of the Northeast-10 Conference but upgraded to the Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) on July 1, 2025 when they joined the Northeast Conference.

The Chargers are coached by Mark Powell, whose first season is in 2025.

UNH home games are played on campus at the Ralph F. DellaCamera Stadium, which opened in 2009 and seats 5,000 spectators.
Drew Edmondson
William Andrew Edmondson (born October 12, 1946) is an American lawyer and politician from the state of Oklahoma. A member of the Democratic Party, Edmondson served as the 16th Attorney General of Oklahoma from 1995 to 2011. Prior to his election as state attorney general, he served as district attorney for Muskogee County, Oklahoma, from 1983 to 1992. He was defeated twice in campaigns for U.S. Congress in Oklahoma's 2nd congressional district, where his father Ed Edmondson served from 1953 to 1973.

Edmondson was defeated twice in statewide races for Governor of Oklahoma. In 2010, Edmondson was defeated by Jari Askins in an unsuccessful bid for the Democratic Party nomination for governor. Following his service as attorney general, he joined the Oklahoma City law office of Riggs Abney. He was the Democratic nominee for governor in 2018, but was defeated by Republican nominee Kevin Stitt in the general election.

Northeastern State University
Northeastern State University (NSU; Cherokee: ᎤᏴᏢᎢ ᎧᎸᎬ ᎢᏗᏜ ᏍᎦᏚᎩ ᏗᏕᏠᏆᏍᏗᎢ) is a public university whose main campus is in Tahlequah, Oklahoma. The university also has campuses in Muskogee and Broken Arrow. Northeastern is Oklahoma's oldest institution of higher learning and one of the oldest west of the Mississippi River. Tahlequah is home to the capital of the Cherokee Nation and about 25% of NSU students identify themselves as American Indian. The university has many courses focused on Native American linguistics, and offers Cherokee language education as a major. Some classes are taught in Cherokee for first language speakers.
St. Peter Church (Cleveland)
St. Peter Church (German: Kirche St. Peter), is a Catholic parish church in Cleveland, Ohio and part of the Diocese of Cleveland. Founded in 1853,: 276  it is located at the intersection of Superior Ave. near East 17th St., in the Downtown neighborhood.

The church is a longstanding city landmark; George Francis Houck, then the Chancellor, wrote in 1903 that, "One of the landmarks of the city and Diocese of Cleveland is St. Peter's Church.": 276  It is listed as a Cleveland Designated Landmark. It is also a named feature in the Geographic Names Information System.

Downtown Cleveland
Downtown Cleveland is the central business district of Cleveland, Ohio, United States. The economic and cultural center of the city and the Cleveland metropolitan area, it is Cleveland's oldest district, with its Public Square laid out by city founder General Moses Cleaveland in 1796.

Downtown Cleveland is bounded by Lake Erie to the north, the Cuyahoga Valley to the west, and Interstate 90 to the south and east. It encompasses several subdistricts, and its diverse architecture includes the Cleveland Mall, one of the most complete examples of City Beautiful design in the United States. Downtown's residential population has grown significantly since the 2000s and especially 2010s, registering the largest population growth, by percentage, of any Cleveland neighborhood over that time.
Parade
A parade is a procession of people, usually organized along a street, often in costume, and often accompanied by marching bands, floats, or sometimes large balloons. Parades are held for a wide range of reasons, but are usually some variety of celebration.

The term "parade" is also used in different contexts; for example, in the Canadian Armed Forces, "parade" is used both to describe the procession and in other informal connotations.

Protest demonstrations can also take the form of a parade, but these are usually referred to as a march instead.

Balloon
A balloon is a flexible membrane bag that can be inflated with a gas, such as helium, hydrogen, nitrous oxide, oxygen, or air. For special purposes, balloons can be filled with smoke, liquid water, granular media (e.g. sand, flour or rice), or light sources. Modern day balloons are made from materials such as rubber, latex, polychloroprene, or a nylon fabric, and can come in many different colors. Some early balloons were made of dried animal bladders, such as the pig bladder. Some balloons are used for decorative purposes or entertaining purposes, while others are used for practical purposes such as meteorology, medical treatment, military defense, or transportation. A balloon's properties, including its low density and low cost, have led to a wide range of applications.

The rubber balloon was invented by Michael Faraday in 1824, during experiments with various gases. He invented them for use in the lab.
Nicholas A. Peppas
Nicholas (Nikolaos) A. Peppas (Greek: Νικόλαος Α. Πέππας; born 25 August 1948, in Athens, Greece) is a chemical and biomedical engineer whose leadership in biomaterials science and engineering, drug delivery, bionanotechnology, pharmaceutical sciences, chemical and polymer engineering has provided seminal foundations based on the physics and mathematical theories of nanoscale, macromolecular processes and drug/protein transport and has led to numerous biomedical products or devices.

University of Parma
The University of Parma  (Italian: Università degli Studi di Parma, UNIPR) is a public university located in Parma, Emilia-Romagna, Italy. Organized into nine departments, it is one of the oldest universities in the world. As of 2016, it had approximately 26,000 students.
National Airlines Flight 2511
National Airlines Flight 2511 was a United States domestic passenger flight from New York City to Miami, Florida.  On January 6, 1960, the Douglas DC-6 serving the flight exploded in midair. The National Airlines aircraft was carrying 5 crew members and 29 passengers, all of whom perished. The Civil Aeronautics Board investigation concluded that the plane was brought down by a bomb made of dynamite. No criminal charges were ever filed, nor was the blame for the bombing ever determined, though a suicide bombing is suspected. The investigation remains open.

One of the victims was retired U.S. Navy Vice Admiral Edward Orrick McDonnell, a Medal of Honor recipient and veteran of both World Wars.

Dynamite
Diatomaceous earth (or any other type of absorbent material) soaked in nitroglycerin.

Protective coating surrounding the explosive material.

Blasting cap.

Electrical cable (or fuse) connected to the blasting cap.

Dynamite is an explosive made of nitroglycerin, sorbents (such as powdered shells or clay), and stabilizers. It was invented by the Swedish chemist and engineer Alfred Nobel in Geesthacht, Northern Germany, and was patented in 1867. It rapidly gained wide-scale use as a more robust alternative to the traditional black powder explosives. It allows the use of nitroglycerine's favorable explosive properties while greatly reducing its risk of accidental detonation.
Polypide
The polypide in bryozoans encompasses most of the organs and tissues of each individual zooid. This includes the tentacles, tentacle sheath, U-shaped digestive tract, musculature and nerve cells. It is housed in the zooidal exoskeleton, which in cyclostomes is tubular and in cheilostomes is box-shaped. Polypides can undergo cycles of regression and regeneration, in which the zooid forms a new polypide as the old one accumulates waste and dies.

Cyclostomatida
Cyclostomatida, or cyclostomata (also known as cyclostomes), are an ancient order of stenolaemate bryozoans which first appeared in the Lower Ordovician.  It consists of 7+ suborders, 59+ families, 373+ genera, and 666+ species. The cyclostome bryozoans were dominant in the Mesozoic; since that era, they have decreased. Currently, cyclostomes seldom constitute more than 20% of the species recorded in regional bryozoan faunas.
Google Public Data Explorer
Google Public Data Explorer provides public data and forecasts from a range of international organizations and academic institutions including the World Bank, OECD, Eurostat and the University of Denver. These can be displayed as line graphs, bar graphs, cross-sectional plots or on maps.  The product was launched on March 8, 2010 as an experimental visualization tool in Google Labs.

In 2011 the Public Data Explorer was made available to everyone. The Dataset Publishing Language (DSPL) was created to be used with the platform. Once data is imported, the dataset can be visualized, embedded in external websites, and shared with others.

In May 2016, the addition of the Google Analytics Suite enabled the import of public or individual datasets and provided no-code data visualization tools to users.

Google Labs
Google Labs is an incubator created by Google to test and publicly demonstrate new projects.

The original version was online from early 2002 to mid-2011. Google described Labs as "a playground where our more adventurous users can play around with prototypes of some of our wild and crazy ideas and offer feedback directly to the engineers who developed them."

In 2023, Google revived Labs during the annual Google I/O keynote.
Gurney Slade (writer)
Gurney Slade (1886–1956) was the pen name for English author Stephen Bartlett, who was best known for children's books and adventure novels. His novel Lovers and Luggers was filmed by Cinesound Productions in 1937. He wrote three novels about T. E. Lawrence.

He had been a pearler in Broome and served during World War One.

Cinesound Productions
Cinesound Productions Pty Ltd was an Australian feature film production company. Established in June 1931, Cinesound developed out of a group of companies centred on Greater Union Theatres that covered all facets of the film process, from production to distribution and exhibition.
Cinesound Productions established a film studio as a subsidiary of Greater Union Theatres Pty Ltd based on the Hollywood model. The first production was On Our Selection (1932), which was an enormous financial success.
Into the Shadows
Into the Shadows is a 2009 documentary film by co-directors Andrew Scarano and Phil Hignett about the state of Australian cinema. Into the Shadows placed 2nd in the Audience Award for Documentary in the 2009 Canberra International Film Festival.

Cinema of Australia
The cinema of Australia began with the 1906 production of The Story of the Kelly Gang, arguably the world's first feature film. Since then, Australian crews have produced many films, a number of which have received international recognition. Many actors and filmmakers with international reputations started their careers in Australian films, and many of these have established lucrative careers in larger film-producing centres such as the US and the UK.

Commercially successful Australian films include Crocodile Dundee, George Miller's Mad Max trilogy, Baz Luhrmann's Moulin Rouge!, and Chris Noonan's Babe. Award-winning productions include Picnic at Hanging Rock, Gallipoli, The Tracker, Shine and Ten Canoes.
Old Hickory, Tennessee
Old Hickory is a neighborhood of metropolitan Nashville, located in the Hadley Bend section of eastern Davidson County, Tennessee. Old Hickory is governed by the Metropolitan Council of Nashville and Davidson County, because the government of Davidson County is consolidated with that of Nashville.

Metropolitan Council of Nashville and Davidson County
The Metropolitan Council (officially the Metropolitan Council of Nashville and Davidson County) is the legislative body of the consolidated city-county government of Nashville, Tennessee and Davidson County.
Quebec Route 116
Route 116 is an east/west highway on the south shore of the St. Lawrence River in Quebec, Canada. It runs between Route 134 in Longueuil and Route 132 in Lévis, connecting the south shore areas of Montreal and Quebec City; it also serves the administrative regions of Montérégie, Centre-du-Québec, Estrie and Chaudière-Appalaches. Until the mid-1970s it was known as Route 9 between Le Moyne (presently part of Longueuil) and Saint-Simon; Route 32 between Saint-Simon and Richmond; and Route 5 between Richmond and Saint-Nicolas (presently part of Lévis).

Saint-Nicolas, Quebec
Saint-Nicolas (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ nikɔla]) is a district within Les Chutes-de-la-Chaudière-Ouest borough of the city of Lévis, Quebec, Canada on the St. Lawrence River. Prior to 2002, it was an independent municipality.
Frassinoro
Frassinoro (Frignanese: Frasnôr) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Modena in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) southwest of Bologna and about 50 kilometres (31 mi) southwest of Modena.

Emilian language
Emilian (Reggiano, Parmesan and Modenese: emigliân; Bolognese: emigliàn; Piacentino: emigliän; Italian: emiliano) is a Gallo-Italic unstandardised language spoken in the historical region of Emilia, which is now in the western part of Emilia-Romagna.

Emilian has a default word order of subject–verb–object and both grammatical gender (masculine and feminine) and grammatical number (singular and plural). There is a strong T–V distinction, which distinguishes varying levels of politeness, social distance, courtesy, familiarity or insult. The alphabet, largely adapted from the Italian (Tuscan) one, uses a considerable number of diacritics.
Catequentinib
Catequentinib (INN; formerly anlotinib) is a pharmaceutical drug for the treatment of cancer.  It is approved in China for the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in patients who have undergone progression or recurrence after at least two lines of systemic chemotherapy. It is also approved in China as a second‑line treatment for advanced soft-tissue sarcoma.

Catequentinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that targets several different proteins including vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR), platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGFR), and c-kit.

Adverse effects include hypertension, fatigue, thyroid-stimulating hormone elevation, and hand-foot syndrome, among others.

Chemotherapy-induced acral erythema
Chemotherapy-induced acral erythema, also known as palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia or hand-foot syndrome is reddening, swelling, numbness and desquamation (skin sloughing or peeling) on palms of the hands and soles of the feet (and, occasionally, on the knees, elbows, and elsewhere) that can occur after chemotherapy in patients with cancer. Hand-foot syndrome is also rarely seen in sickle-cell disease. These skin changes usually are well demarcated. Acral erythema typically disappears within a few weeks after discontinuation of the offending drug.
KMXW
KMXW (92.5 FM), also known as "92.5 Hank FM" is a radio station broadcasting a classic country radio format. The station previously broadcast a country music format, and was known as "New Country 92.5" under the call letters KDAD. Before that, it was known as "Buckin' Country". Licensed to Bar Nunn, Wyoming, the station is owned by Robert D. Breck Jr, through licensee Breck Media Group Wyoming, Inc. It was formerly licensed to Douglas, Wyoming.

Bar Nunn, Wyoming
Bar Nunn is a town in Natrona County, Wyoming, United States. It is a part of the Casper, Wyoming Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 2,981 at the 2020 census, a jump of 35% from a population of 2,213 at the 2010 census. It was incorporated in 1980.

The town was constructed around the runways of Wardwell Field, Casper's original airport, which was later replaced by Casper–Natrona County International Airport.
2007 South African floor-crossing window period
The 2007 floor crossing window period in South Africa was a period of 15 days, from 1 to 15 September 2007, in which members of the National Assembly and the provincial legislatures, and municipal councils were able to cross the floor from one political party to another without giving up their seats. The period was authorised by the Tenth Amendment of the Constitution of South Africa, which scheduled regular window periods in the second and fourth September after each election. The previous general election had been held on 14 April 2004, and a previous window period had occurred in September 2005.

In the National Assembly and the provincial legislatures, the changes were minor, with the most significant development being the creation of the African People's Convention by departing members of the Pan Africanist Congress.

The tables below show all the changes; in those provinces not listed there was no change in the provincial legislature.

African People's Convention
The African People's Convention (APC) is a South African political party formed by Themba Godi, former deputy leader of the Pan-Africanist Congress of Azania (PAC) via floor-crossing legislation, on 4 September 2007. Godi defected along with the PAC's only two provincial representatives, Eastern Cape MPL Zingisa Mkabile and Gauteng MPL Malesela Ledwaba. Godi is the current leader of the APC. The party retained its seat in the National Assembly in the 2009 elections, although it lost both of its representatives in the provincial legislatures of Gauteng and Eastern Cape.

It retained its seat in the 2014 election, but lost it in the 2019 election.

Like the PAC, the party's ideology officially appeals to "Africanists, Pan Africanists and socialists".
Swabian College of Imperial Counts
The Swabian College of Imperial Counts (German: schwäbisches Reichsgrafenkollegium or schwäbische Reichsgrafenbank) was the gathering of the Imperial Counts and Imperial Lords of Swabia to safeguard their interests in the Imperial Diet, especially at its Imperial Council and in the Circle of Swabia.

Swabia
Swabia is a cultural, historical and linguistic region in southwestern Germany. The name is ultimately derived from the medieval Duchy of Swabia, one of the German stem duchies, representing the historic settlement area of the  Germanic tribe alliances named Alemanni and Suebi.

This territory would include all of the Alemannic German area, but the modern concept of Swabia is more restricted, due to the collapse of the duchy of Swabia in the thirteenth century. Swabia as understood in modern ethnography roughly coincides with the Swabian Circle of the Holy Roman Empire as it stood during the early modern period, now divided between the states of Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg.

Swabians (Schwaben, singular Schwabe) are the natives of Swabia and speakers of Swabian German. Their number was estimated at close to 800,000 by SIL Ethnologue as of 2006, out of a total population of 7.5 million in the regions of Tübingen, Stuttgart and Bavarian Swabia.
Troitske, Sievierodonetsk Raion, Luhansk Oblast
Troitske (Ukrainian: Троїцьке; Russian: Троицкое) is a village in the Sievierodonetsk Raion (district) of Luhansk Oblast in eastern Ukraine, on the banks of Luhan River. It was in Popasna Raion until that raion was abolished on 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine.

During the War in Donbass the settlement has been under attacks of pro-Russian forces on multiple occasions. On 16 January 2019 five Ukrainian servicemen from the 72nd Mechanized Brigade were wounded, and five others were injured at the village when their truck, Ural-4320, was hit by anti-tank guided missiles from Kalynove.

Luhan River

Sievierodonetsk Raion
Sievierodonetsk Raion (Ukrainian: Сєвєродонецький район; Russian: Северодонецкий район) or Siverskodonetsk Raion (Ukrainian: Сіверськодонецький район) is a raion (district) of Luhansk Oblast, Ukraine. It was created in July 2020 as part of the reform of administrative divisions of Ukraine. The center of the raion is the city of Sievierodonetsk. Population: 362,539 (2022 estimate).

On 19 September 2024, the Verkhovna Rada voted to rename Sievierodonetsk Raion to Siverskodonetsk Raion.