hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ashok Kumar Gupta
Ashok Kumar Gupta (Hindi: अशोक कुमार गुप्ता) (born 26 October 1957) is a retired Indian civil servant belonging to 1981 batch of Indian Administrative Service. He served as the Chairperson of the Competition Commission of India and prior to that he was the Secretary to the Government of India in the Department of Defence Production; CMD, Tamil Nadu Cements; Special Secretary (Finance), Government of Tamil Nadu; and District Magistrate, Villupuram (Tamil Nadu). He also served on the Boards of Central and State PSUs such as Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd., Heavy Engineering Corporation, and Tamil Nadu Cements. Gupta has contributed to the formulation of the Centre's Automobile Policy, Prime Minister’s Rojgar Yojana, and ‘Make’ Procedure in defence procurement.

Competition Commission of India
The Competition Commission of India (CCI) is the chief national competition regulator in India. It is a statutory body within the Ministry of Corporate Affairs and is responsible for enforcing the Competition Act, 2002 to promote competition and prevent activities that have an appreciable adverse effect on competition in India. The CCI looks into cases and investigates them if the same has a negative impact on competition.

CCI also approves combination under the act so that two merging entities do not overtake the market.

The commission was established on 14 October 2003. It became fully functional in May 2009 with Dhanendra Kumar as its first chairman. The current Chairperson of the CCI is Ravneet Kaur, who was appointed to the role in 2023.
Huilma
Huilma is a hamlet (Spanish: caserío) northwest of the town of Río Negro and southwest of the city of Osorno in south-central Chile. It lies along to Chile Route U-72. The hamlet had 58 inhabitants as of 2017.

Zona Sur
Zona Sur (Southern Zone) is one of the five natural regions on which CORFO divided continental Chile in 1950. Its northern border is formed by the Bío-Bío River, which separates it from the Central Chile Zone. The Southern Zone borders the Pacific Ocean to the west, and to the east lies the Andean mountains and Argentina. Its southern border is the Chacao Channel, which forms the boundary with the Austral Zone. While the Chiloé Archipelago belongs geographically to the Austral Zone in terms of culture and history, it lies closer to the Southern Zone.
William Gonnerman House
William Gonnerman House is a historic home located at Mount Vernon, Indiana.  It was built between about 1887 and 1895, and is a massive two-story, irregular plan, Free Classic style frame dwelling. It sits on a brick and concrete block foundation and has a hipped and gable roof.  It features a wraparound porch with 18 fluted columns and a porte cochere.  A sun porch wing was added in the 1930s.  Also on the property are the contributing carriage house and smokehouse.: 2

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

Porte-cochère
A porte-cochère (/ˌpɔːrt koʊˈʃɛr/; French: [pɔʁt.kɔ.ʃɛʁ]; lit. 'coach gateway'; pl. porte-cochères – pl. portes-cochères) is a doorway to a building or courtyard, "often very grand," through which vehicles can enter from the street or a covered porch-like structure at a main or secondary entrance to a building through which originally a horse and carriage and today a motor vehicle can pass to provide arriving and departing occupants protection from the elements.

Portes-cochères are still found on such structures as major public buildings and hotels, providing covered access for visitors and guests arriving by motorized transport.

A porte-cochère, a structure for vehicle passage, is to be distinguished from a portico, a columned porch or entry for human, rather than vehicular, traffic.
Ranokhetro
Ranokhetro (transl. Battleground) is a 1998 Indian Bengali-language action thriller film co-written and directed by Haranath Chakraborty. Produced by Shrikant Mohta and Mahendra Soni under the banner of Shree Venkatesh Films, the story, screenplay and dialogues of the film were written by Monotosh Chakraborty. It stars Ranjit Mallick, Prosenjit Chatterjee and Satabdi Roy in the lead roles; while Kushal Chakraborty, Dipankar De, Aparajita Auddy, Tota Roy Chowdhury, Subhendu Chatterjee, Dulal Lahiri, Kaushik Banerjee, Sumanta Mukherjee and Lily Chakravarty play other pivotal roles. The soundtrack of the film was composed by Debojyoti Mishra, with lyrics penned by Pulak Bandyopadhyay and Rituparno Ghosh.

Subhendu Chatterjee
Shubhendu Chattopadhyay (29 November 1936 – 5 July 2007) was an Indian physician and actor, who is known for acting in Bengali television and films. A contemporary of actors Uttam Kumar and Soumitra Chatterjee, with whom he played second hero in many films, Chatterjee graduated into character roles.
Cryobacterium psychrotolerans
Cryobacterium psychrotolerans is a Gram-positive, aerobic and psychrotolerant bacterium from the genus Cryobacterium which has been isolated from frozen soil from a glacier from the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in China.

Psychrophile
Psychrophiles /ˈsaɪkroʊˌfaɪl/ or cryophiles (adj. psychrophilic or cryophilic) are extremophilic organisms that are capable of growth and reproduction in low temperatures, ranging from −20 °C (−4 °F) to 20 °C (68 °F). They are found in places that are permanently cold, such as the polar regions and the deep sea. They can be contrasted with thermophiles, which are organisms that thrive at unusually high temperatures, and mesophiles at intermediate temperatures. Psychrophile is Greek for 'cold-loving', from Ancient Greek  ψυχρός (psukhrós) 'cold, frozen'.

Many such organisms are bacteria or archaea, but some eukaryotes such as lichens, snow algae, phytoplankton, fungi, and wingless midges, are also classified as psychrophiles.
Abbey Park, Leicester
Abbey Park is a public park in Leicester, England, through which the River Soar flows. It is owned and managed by Leicester City Council and is Leicester’s premier park. It opened in 1882 on the flood plain of the River Soar, and expanded in 1932 to include the area west of the river that had formerly been the medieval St Mary's Abbey, still bounded by large medieval walls. The park includes the archaeological sites of the Abbey and the ruins of Cavendish House, along with a wide range of decorative and recreational parkland features.

It is Grade II* listed in Historic England's Register of Parks and Gardens.

Register of Historic Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in England
The Register of Historic Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in England provides a listing and classification system for historic parks and gardens similar to that used for listed buildings. The register was set up by Historic England under the provisions of the National Heritage Act 1983. Over 1,600 sites are listed, ranging from the grounds of large stately homes to small domestic gardens, as well other designed landscapes such as town squares, public parks, and cemeteries. The register is published on the National Heritage List for England alongside other national heritage designations.
General Alvear
General Alvear is a name that makes reference to the general Carlos María de Alvear. It can also refer to:

General Alvear, Buenos Aires

General Alvear, Mendoza

General Alvear Partido, Buenos Aires

General Alvear Department, Corrientes

General Alvear Department, Mendoza

General Alvear, Buenos Aires
General Alvear is a city in General Alvear Partido in Buenos Aires Province.

The settlement was founded in 1853 as Fortín Esperanza, later Pueblo Esperanza and on July 19, 1869 it was renamed after General Carlos María de Alvear (1789-1852) who fought for the liberation of Argentina during the War of Independence.
The city is growing faster than any other city in Buenos Aires Province, because one of the biggest prisons in the Province was built in General Alvear in 2000.

Located 200 km from Buenos Aires, General Alvear is currently a fertile agricultural area known mainly because of the agro activity and cattle. General Alvear Administrative Area is bordered by Tapalque to the northwest; Bolivar to the north; 25 de Mayo to the west; Saladillo to the east; Las Flores to the west.
Wheel stud
Wheel studs are the threaded fasteners that hold on the wheels of many automobiles. They are semi-permanently mounted directly to the vehicle hub, usually through the brake drum or brake disk. Lug nuts are fastened onto the wheel stud to secure the wheel. When a wheel is removed for tire changes etc., the stud remains in the hub.

Many automobiles instead use bolts to do this, where removable bolts screw into the wheel hub.

Wheel studs can be either factory equipment or aftermarket add-ons.

Disc brake
A disc brake is a type of brake that uses the calipers to squeeze pairs of pads against a disc (sometimes called a [brake] rotor) to create friction. There are two basic types of brake pad friction mechanisms: abrasive friction and adherent friction.  This action slows the rotation of a shaft, such as a vehicle axle, either to reduce its rotational speed or to hold it stationary. The energy of motion is converted into heat, which must be dissipated to the environment. Disc brakes are found in more sophisticated automobiles and are more expensive to manufacture than a drum brake. Disc brakes are also found on a higher end bicycle.

Hydraulically actuated disc brakes are the most commonly used mechanical device for slowing motor vehicles. The principles of a disc brake apply to almost any rotating shaft. The components include the disc, master cylinder, and caliper, which contain at least one cylinder and two brake pads on both sides of the rotating disc.
407th Army Field Support Brigade
The 407th Army Field Support Brigade (AFSB) is a support brigade of the United States Army.   The Brigade was originally activated at Ft. Carson, Colorado in March 2005 as Army Field Support Brigade CONUS-West (AFSB-CW).  The unit moved to Fort Hood, Texas in October 2007.  The Brigade provided support after hurricanes Katrina and Rita, as well as the 2010 Haiti earthquake.

Combat service support
The term combat service support (or CSS) is utilized by numerous military organizations throughout the world to describe entities that provide direct and indirect sustainment services to the groups that engage (or are potentially to be engaged) in combat.
Chaco sanjuanina
Chaco sanjuanina is a species of mygalomorph spiders of Argentina, named after its type locality: San Agustin, Valle Fertil, San Juan, Argentina. Males can be distinguished from those of its cogenerates by the more conical bulb; females differ from C. tecka in having fewer spines on the metatarsus IV, and from C. patagonica in having labial cuspules arranged in a transverse row and the more numerous maxillary ones.

San Juan, Argentina
San Juan (Spanish pronunciation: [saŋ ˈxwan]) is the capital and largest city of the Argentine province of San Juan in the Cuyo region, located in the Tulúm Valley, west of the San Juan River, at 650 m (2,133 ft) above mean sea level, with a population of around 112,000 as per the 2001 census [INDEC] (over 500,000 in the metropolitan area).

It is a modern city with wide streets and well-drawn avenues, with wide sidewalks and vegetation of different species of trees irrigated by canals, from which it derives its nickname oasis town.

It has an important accommodation infrastructure and transportation. Its highlights include modern buildings and the surroundings, the reservoir and Ullum dam, spas, museums, large plantations of vines, and various types of agriculture, with wine being the most important.
Adélard Trottier
Adélard Charles Trottier (November 8, 1879 – November 29, 1955) was a physician, surgeon and politician in Ontario, Canada. He represented Essex North in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1934 to 1943 as a Liberal.

The son of Narcisse Trottier and Marie Savage, he was born in Lacolle, Quebec. He taught school for several years. In 1908, Trottier married Beatrice Girard. He served as president of the Medical Society of Ontario.

He was one of several Liberal MPPs elected to constituencies with large French-speaking populations in 1934. Trottier was reelected in 1937.

Essex North (provincial electoral district)
Essex North was an electoral riding in Ontario, Canada. It was created in 1875 when the riding of Essex was split into Essex North and Essex South. It was renamed in 1967 to Essex-Kent before changing back to Essex North in 1975. It was changed back to Essex-Kent again in 1987 and finally was abolished in 1996 before the 1999 election.
Harold J. Kushner
Harold Joseph Kushner is an American applied mathematician and a Professor Emeritus of Applied Mathematics at Brown University. He is known for his work on the theory of stochastic stability (based on the concept of supermartingales as Lyapunov functions), the theory of non-linear filtering (based on the Kushner equation), and for the development of numerical methods for stochastic control problems such as the Markov chain approximation method. He is commonly cited as the first person to study Bayesian optimization, based on work he published in 1964.

Harold Kushner received his Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from the University of Wisconsin in 1958.

Franklin Institute
The Franklin Institute is a science museum and a center of science education and research in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It is named after the American scientist and statesman Benjamin Franklin. It houses the Benjamin Franklin National Memorial. Founded in 1824, the Franklin Institute is one of the oldest centers of science education and development in the United States. Its chief astronomer is Derrick Pitts.
Darren Thorne
Darren Thorne is an American politician serving as a member of the West Virginia Senate from the 15th district. He previously served as a member of the West Virginia House of Delegates from the 89th district.

In December 2024 Thorne was appointed by Governor Jim Justice to fill a vacancy in the West Virginia Senate.

West Virginia Senate
The West Virginia Senate is the upper house of the West Virginia Legislature.
There are seventeen senatorial districts. Each district has two senators who serve staggered four-year terms. Although the Democratic Party held a supermajority in the Senate as recently as 2015, Republicans now dominate in the chamber, and hold 32 seats to the Democrats' two seats.
Sandpainting
Sandpainting is the art of pouring coloured sands, and powdered pigments from minerals or crystals, or pigments from other natural or synthetic sources onto a surface to make a fixed or unfixed sand painting. Unfixed sand paintings have a long established cultural history in numerous social groupings around the globe, and are often temporary, ritual paintings prepared for religious or healing ceremonies.  This form of art is also referred to as drypainting.

Drypainting is practised by Native Americans in the Southwestern United States, by Tibetan and Buddhist monks, as well as Indigenous Australians, and also by Latin Americans on certain Christian holy days.

Papunya Tula
Papunya Tula, registered as Papunya Tula Artists Pty Ltd, is an artist cooperative formed in 1972 in Papunya, Northern Territory, owned and operated by Aboriginal people from the Western Desert of Australia. The group is known for its innovative work with the Western Desert Art Movement, popularly referred to as dot painting. Credited with bringing contemporary Aboriginal art to world attention, its artists inspired many other Australian Aboriginal artists and their styles.

The company operates today out of Alice Springs and its artists are drawn from a large area, extending into Western Australia, 700 kilometres (430 mi) west of Alice Springs.
R. Rathnavelu
R. Rathnavelu is an Indian cinematographer who works predominantly in Tamil and Telugu films. His work in films such as Sethu, Nandhaa, Vaaranam Aayiram, Enthiran, 1: Nenokkadine, Rangasthalam and Sye Raa Narasimha Reddy garnered recognition. He has garnered three Filmfare Awards South, the Vijay Awards, the Tamil Nadu State Film Award, four SIIMA Awards and the Kalaimamani Award bestowed by the Tamil Nadu state government for his work.

Filmfare Awards South
The Filmfare Awards South are annual awards that honour artistic and technical excellence in the Telugu cinema, Tamil cinema, Malayalam cinema and Kannada cinema. They are presented by Filmfare magazine of The Times Group. When it was introduced in 1954, the Filmfare Awards initially only recognized achievements in the Hindi cinema. In 1964 the awards were extended to Telugu, Tamil, Bengali and Marathi languages for the films released in 1963. The awards were extended to Malayalam cinema in 1967 and Kannada cinema in 1970.

Each industry is given its own set of creative awards in annual ceremonies that have predominantly been held in Chennai and Hyderabad. Before 1976, the ceremony was held in Mumbai along with Hindi segment. From 1976, the southern region segment were separated from awards for Hindi-language films and moved to Chennai first, and later to Hyderabad in 1997. The event made its debut in Bengaluru and Kochi in 2022 and 2026 respectively.
Mother Sky
"Mother Sky" is a song by the krautrock group Can, written by members Holger Czukay, Jaki Liebezeit, Michael Karoli, Irmin Schmidt, and Damo Suzuki. Lasting fourteen and a half minutes, it was recorded in July 1970 for the soundtrack of Jerzy Skolimowski's film Deep End and released in 1970 on Can's Soundtracks album. It opens in mid guitar solo before settling down into a familiar Can groove as singer Damo Suzuki mulls the relative merits of madness and "Mother Sky".

"Mother Sky" was covered by the UK band Loop for their Black Sun 12" in 1988. Th' Faith Healers included a version on their debut album Lido in 1992.

Loop (band)
Loop are an English rock band, formed in 1986 by Robert Hampson in Croydon. The group topped the UK independent charts with their albums Fade Out (1989) and A Gilded Eternity (1990). Their dissonant "trance-rock" sound drew on the work of artists like the Stooges and Can, and helped to resurrect the concept of space rock in the late 1980s.

The group split in 1991, with Hampson going on to form the experimental project Main with guitarist Scott Dawson, and Mackay and Wills forming The Hair and Skin Trading Company. In 2013, the 1989–90 line-up of Hampson, Dawson, John Wills, and Neil Mackay briefly reformed for a series of gigs, and the following year Hampson unveiled a new line-up of the band with himself as the sole original member.
Sea Hawks (TV series)
Sea Hawks is an Indian television series that aired on DD Metro  in the 1997-98. The story was based on the life and times of the Indian Coast Guard officers. The series stars Om Puri, R. Madhavan, Niki Aneja, Leelawar Tendulkar, Anup Soni, Simone Singh, Manoj Pahwa, Milind Soman and others. It was directed by Anubhav Sinha and produced by Anirudhya Mitra of UTV. Later, it was directed by Shivam Nair while Anirudhya Mitra took up the writing of the show. The series aired again in 2001 on DD Metro, 2002 on Star Plus, 2007 on Bindass It was produced by UTV.

The plot revolves around the activities of a mafia don's network, the coast guard, and the police and includes underwater and action sequences.

StarPlus
StarPlus is an Indian Hindi-language general entertainment pay television channel owned by JioStar, a joint venture between Reliance Industries, Viacom18 and Disney India. Its programming consists of family dramas, romantic comedies, youth-oriented reality shows, shows on crime and television films.
Saicourt
Saicourt (Frainc-Comtou: Saîcouét [sɛː.ˈku]; Arpitan: Sacort [sa.ˈku]) is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It comprises the localities of Le Fuet, Bellelay, La Bottiere and Montbautier. It is located in the French-speaking Bernese Jura (Jura Bernois).

Bellelay Abbey
Bellelay Abbey is a former Premonstratensian monastery in the Bernese Jura in Switzerland, now a psychiatric clinic.  It is a heritage site of national significance and the entire former Abbey complex is part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites.
Grolsch Brewery
Koninklijke Grolsch N.V. (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈkoːnɪŋkləkə ˈɣrɔls]; "Royal Grolsch"), known simply as Grolsch, is a Dutch brewery founded in 1615 by Willem Neerfeldt in Groenlo. In 1895, the de Groen family bought the brewery. They had started their own brewery in Enschede in the early 19th century and held a significant stake until 2007. Today the main brewery is in Enschede.

It was awarded the Koninklijk (Royal) title in 1995. Grolsch became part of the SABMiller group in 2008.

As part of the agreements made with regulators before Anheuser-Busch InBev was allowed to acquire SABMiller, the company sold Grolsch to Asahi Breweries in 2016.

Koninklijk
Koninklijk (pronounced [ˈkoːnɪŋklək] ⓘ, Dutch for 'royal')  is an honorary title given to certain companies and non-profit organisations in the Netherlands and to a lesser extent Belgium, by the monarchs of each country. It was first introduced by Louis Bonaparte in 1807, then King of Holland, who awarded the title to cultural associations. Companies awarded with the title may opt to use the English equivalent royal instead. It is comparable with the Royal Warrant in the United Kingdom.

The word is also used in the names of some state-controlled organisations, such as service branches of the Netherlands Armed Forces (e.g. Koninklijke Marine.
Aufruf
Aufruf (Yiddish: אויפֿרוף, romanized: oyfruf, lit. 'calling up', plural אויפֿרופֿן, oyfrufn) or Shabbat Ḥatan (Hebrew: שבת חתן, lit. 'Groom's Shabbath') refers to the Jewish custom of a groom being called up in the synagogue for an aliyah, the recitation of a blessing over the Torah.

Torah scroll
A Torah scroll (Hebrew: סֵפֶר תּוֹרָה, romanized: Sefer Torah, lit. 'Book of Torah'; pl. סִפְרֵי תוֹרָה, Sifrei Torah) is a handwritten copy of the Torah, meaning the five books of Moses (the first books of the Hebrew Bible). The Torah scroll is mainly used in the ritual of Torah reading during Jewish prayers. At other times, it is stored in the holiest spot within a synagogue, the Torah ark, which is usually an ornate curtained-off cabinet or section of the synagogue built along the wall that most closely faces Jerusalem, the direction Jews face when praying.

The text of the Torah is also commonly printed and bound in book form for non-ritual functions, called a Chumash (plural Chumashim; "five-part", for the five books of Moses), and is often accompanied by commentaries or translations.
French ship Conquérant
A number of ships of the French Navy have borne the name Conquérant (Conqueror). Amongst them:

Conquérant (1666), a 66-gun ship of the line built in Holland for France

Conquérant (1688), a 76-gun ship of the line built in 1688 and rebuilt in 1712

Conquérant (1746), a 74-gun ship of the line

Conquérant (1765), a Citoyen-class 74-gun ship of the line (rebuilt from 1746 ship)

Conquérant (1801), a 74-gun ship of the line

Conquérant (1812), a Bucentaure-class 80-gun ship of the line

French ship Conquérant (1801)
Conquérant was a 74-gun ship of the line of the French Navy.

She was built in Cartagena (Spain) in 1791 as a 74-gun ship under the name Conquistador, sold to France in 1801 and renamed Conquérant. From December 1801 to January 1802, her guns were reduced from 74 to 66 in Brest (by Tupinier, S ing.).

In May 1802, under Captain Malin, Conquérant left France with the 77th demi-brigade and a Polish Legion (total 1,600pax), bound for to Hispaniola (Sainto Domingo) to support the French troupes against the Haitian Revolution. A day after she left France, she was damaged by a storm. The Conquérant arrived in Hispaniola 14 July 1802 with the troops; and immediately left with deportees (such as Rigaud). She returned safely to Brest in August 1802.

On 21 September 1802, she was disarmed in Brest.

She was stricken from the lists in 1804.