hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Demand destruction
Demand destruction is a permanent downward shift on the demand curve in the direction of lower demand of a commodity, such as energy products, induced by a prolonged period of high prices or constrained supply. In the context of the oil industry, "demand" generally refers to the quantity consumed (see for example the output of any major industry organization such as the International Energy Agency), rather than any measure of a demand curve as used in mainstream economics. In economics, demand destruction refers to a permanent or sustained decline in the demand for a certain good in response to persistent high prices or limited supply. Because of persistent high prices, consumers may decide that it is not worth purchasing as much of that good, or seek out alternatives as substitutes.

Mainstream economics
Mainstream economics is the body of knowledge, theories, and models of economics, as taught by universities worldwide, that are generally accepted by economists as a basis for discussion. Also known as orthodox economics, it can be contrasted to heterodox economics, which encompasses various schools or approaches that are only accepted by a minority of economists.

The economics profession has traditionally been associated with neoclassical economics. However, this association has been challenged by prominent historians of economic thought including David Colander. They argue the current economic mainstream theories, such as game theory, behavioral economics, industrial organization, information economics, and the like, share very little common ground with the initial axioms of neoclassical economics.
Mounaragam (Malayalam TV series)
Mounaragam (transl. Silent Symphony) is a Malayalam-language Indian television soap opera that airs on Asianet and streams on JioHotstar in India. It is a loose adaptation of the Telugu language serial Mouna Raagam, which airs on Star Maa. It is currently the longest-running soap opera in Malayalam.

Star Maa
Star Maa is an Indian Telugu-language general entertainment pay television channel owned by JioStar, a joint venture between Viacom18 and Disney India. It primarily telecasts programmes such as serials, reality shows and Telugu films.
Fighting Lawman
Fighting Lawman is a 1953 American Western film directed by Thomas Carr, produced by Vincent M. Fennelly, and written by Daniel B. Ullman. It stars Wayne Morris, Virginia Grey, John Kellogg, and Harry Lauter.

Thomas Carr (director)
Thomas Howard Carr (July 4, 1907 – April 23, 1997) was an American actor and film director of Hollywood films and television programs. Often billed as "Tommy Carr", he later adopted his more formal "Thomas Carr" birth name as his billing name.
Valve stem
A valve stem is a self-contained valve that opens to admit gas to a chamber (such as air to inflate a tire), and is then automatically closed and kept sealed by the pressure in the chamber, or a spring, or both, to prevent the gas from escaping.

There are many types of valves, and they are most commonly used on automobile, motorcycle, and bicycle tires, but also for many other applications. The most common type is the Schrader valve, but some road bicycles with skinny tires instead use the Presta valve.

Pressure
Pressure (symbol: p or P) is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed.: 445  Gauge pressure (also spelled gage pressure) is the pressure relative to the ambient pressure.

Various units are used to express pressure. Some of these derive from a unit of force divided by a unit of area; the SI unit of pressure, the pascal (Pa), for example, is one newton per square metre (N/m2); similarly, the pound-force per square inch (psi, symbol lbf/in2) is the traditional unit of pressure in the imperial and US customary systems. Pressure may also be expressed in terms of standard atmospheric pressure; the unit atmosphere (atm) is equal to this pressure, and the torr is defined as 1⁄760 of this. Manometric units such as the centimetre of water, millimetre of mercury, and inch of mercury are used to express pressures in terms of the height of column of a particular fluid in a manometer.
Gnogboyo
Gnogboyo is a village in southwestern Ivory Coast. It is in the sub-prefecture of Liliyo, Soubré Department, Nawa Region, Bas-Sassandra District.

Gnogboyo was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1,126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

Bas-Sassandra District
Bas-Sassandra District (French: District du Bas-Sassandra; [ba.sa.sɑ̃d.ʁa], "Lower Sassandra") is one of fourteen administrative districts of Ivory Coast. The district is located in the southwest part of the country. The capital of the district is San-Pédro.
Thatch Caye
Thatch Caye is an island in Belize, located 9 miles (14 km) off of the coast of Dangriga, about two miles from the Belize Barrier Reef.  The 11 acres (4.5 ha) island is near Southwater Caye, Tobacco Caye, Cocoplum Caye, and Fantasy Caye and South Water Caye Marine Reserve.

The island is home to five locals, according to the 2012 census, and is a tourist destination. Thatch Caye Resort is a resort managed by Muy'Ono  located on the island that limits occupancy to no more than 30 people.

The name Thatch Caye originated  from island co-owner Travis Holub, who built each residence with thatched roofs. Each of the five thatched-roof structures stand high over the water, making them over-the-water bungalows.

Dangriga
Dangriga, formerly known as Stann Creek Town, is a town in southern Belize, located on the Caribbean coast at the mouth of the North Stann Creek River. It is the capital of Belize's Stann Creek District. Dangriga is served by the Dangriga Airport. Commonly known as the "culture capital of Belize" due to its influence on punta music and other forms of Garifuna culture, Dangriga is the largest settlement in southern Belize.
Tirhuta script
The Tirhuta script, also known as Mithilakshar or Maithili script, has historically been used for writing the Maithili, an Indo-Aryan language spoken by almost 35 million people of Mithila region. The scripts of Maithili and Bengali are very much similar. Maithili, Bengali, Assamese, Newari, Odia and Tibetan are a part of the same family of scripts.

Deoghar
Deoghar (pronounced Devghar) is a city and a municipal corporation in Deoghar district in the Indian state of Jharkhand. It is also the administrative headquarters of Deoghar district. It is a holy place of Hinduism. The city is primarily known for Baidyanath Temple, one of the 12 Jyotirlingas of Shiva, one of the principal deities in Hinduism. The sacred temples of the city make this a place for pilgrimage and tourists. The city is very sacred to the followers of Hinduism.

The city is administrative headquarter of Deoghar District which comes under Santhal Parganas division of Jharkhand. It is the fifth largest city in Jharkhand and also known as the cultural capital of Jharkhand.
Peter Mentz Jebsen
Peter Mentz Jebsen (21 June 1930 – 10 July 2014) was a Norwegian businessperson, athlete and politician.

He hailed from Kristiansand, and finished Kristiansand Cathedral School in 1950. As a young man he was an athlete specializing in 400 metres and 800 metres. He won the silver medal in this event at the 1952 Norwegian Championships, representing the club Kristiansands IF.

He took his business education in the United States, and worked in the textile industry there before taking over the family company Høie Fabrikker in 1965. He retired in 1990 as the company was bought. He was also chairman of Bergen Bank and Hotel Caledonien. He was also elected to Kristiansand city council in 1995, representing the Conservative Party. He died in 2014.

Kristiansands IF
Kristiansands Idrettsforening is a Norwegian sports club from Kristiansand, founded in 1921. It has sections for athletics and handball.

The athletics team uses the stadium Kristiansand Stadion.

Its most prominent member is Andreas Thorkildsen, 2004 Olympic champion in javelin throw. Haakon Tranberg, 1946 European Championships silver medalist and Kristen Fløgstad, Norwegian record holder in long jump with 8.02 metres and 1972 Olympic participant, also represented Kristiansand.
Woodland Public Schools (Oklahoma)
Woodland Public Schools, also known as Woodland School District, is a school district headquartered in Fairfax, Oklahoma. It has an elementary school, a middle school, and a high school.

The district boundary is mostly in Osage County and includes Fairfax, a portion of Burbank, and Gray Horse. It is also partially in Pawnee County, where it includes Ralston.

As of 2022 the high school has Osage language as a class for world languages.

Osage County, Oklahoma
Osage County (/ˈoʊseɪdʒ/ OH-sayj) is the largest county by area in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. Created in 1907 when Oklahoma was admitted as a state, the county is named for and is home to the federally recognized Osage Nation. The county is coextensive with the Osage Nation Reservation, established by treaty in the 19th century when the Osage relocated there from Kansas. The county seat is in Pawhuska, one of the first three towns established in the county. The total population of the county as of 2020 was 45,818.
Arul Kumar Jambunathan
Arul Kumar s/o Jambunathan (born 12 September 1985) is a Malaysian politician who has served as Member of the Negeri Sembilan State Executive Council (EXCO) in the Pakatan Harapan (PH) state administration under Menteri Besar Aminuddin Harun since August 2023 and from May 2018 to his resignation in January 2023 as well as Member of the Negeri Sembilan State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Nilai since May 2013. He served as Political Secretary to the Minister of Transport Anthony Loke Siew Fook from January 2023 to August 2023. He is a member of the Democratic Action Party (DAP), a component party of the PH coalition. He has served as the National Vice Chairman of DAP since March 2025 post-DAP National Congress.

Menteri Besar of Negeri Sembilan
The Menteri Besar of Negeri Sembilan or First Minister of Negeri Sembilan is the head of government in the Malaysian state of Negeri Sembilan. According to the convention, the Menteri Besar is the leader of the majority party or largest coalition party of the Negeri Sembilan State Legislative Assembly.

The 11th Menteri Besar of Negeri Sembilan is Aminuddin Harun, who took office on 12 May 2018.
Peter Cunningham (Irish writer)
Peter Cunningham (born 1947) is an Irish novelist who is known for his historical novels about Ireland. His works have received several literary awards in Ireland and Europe. Cunningham's fiction is said to be distinguished by its fusion of political material with psychological realism and a lyrical sensitivity to place and people.

Psychological fiction
In literature, psychological fiction (also psychological realism) is a narrative genre that emphasizes interior characterization and motivation to explore the spiritual, emotional, and mental lives of its characters. The mode of narration examines the reasons for the behaviours of the character, which propel the plot and explain the story. Psychological realism is achieved with deep explorations and explanations of the mental states of the character's inner person, usually through narrative modes such as stream of consciousness and flashbacks.
52 Cadogan Square
52 Cadogan Square is a Grade II* listed house in Cadogan Square, London SW1.

The house was built in 1886–87, and the architect was Sir Ernest George, who built it for Sir Thomas Andros de la Rue, 1st Baronet, chairman of security printers De La Rue.

De la Rue died at 52 Cadogan Square on 10 April 1911, and was buried at Golders Green.

De La Rue
De La Rue plc (UK: /ˈdɛləruː/, US: /ˌdɛləˈruː/) is a British company headquartered in Basingstoke, England that produces secure digital and physical protections for goods, trade and identities in 140 countries. It sells to governments, central banks, and businesses. Its authentication division provides government revenue technology, brand protection, and ID security, such as polycarbonate data pages for passports.

Its currency division designs and produces banknotes, secure polymer substrate and banknote security features. This includes security holograms, security threads and security printed products for central banks and currency issuing authorities. It is the world's largest commercial printer of banknotes. Since July 2025, the company has been under private ownership by Atlas Holdings.
Sage Northcutt
Sage Northcutt (born March 1, 1996) is an American professional mixed martial artist who is currently competing in the Welterweight division and is currently signed to the Professional Fighters League. He has competed for the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) and ONE Championship.

Welterweight (MMA)
The welterweight division in mixed martial arts contains different weight classes:

The UFC's welterweight division, which groups competitors within 156 to 170 lb (71 to 77 kg)

The ONE Championship's welterweight division, with upper limit at 83.9 kg (185.0 lb)
Valentīns Lobaņovs
Valentīns Lobaņovs (Russian: Валентин Анатольевич Лобанёв; born 23 October 1971 in Riga) is a former football midfielder from Latvia. He has played 58 international matches and scored 1 goal for the Latvia national team. He debuted in 1994, and played at the Euro 2004. He started his career in Skonto FC and later played for Metallurg Lipetsk, Metallurg Krasnoyarsk, Shinnik Yaroslavl, Metalurh Zaporizhzhia, FK Venta. His last club was FK Jūrmala.

FC Metallurg Lipetsk
FC Metallurg Lipetsk (Russian: Футбольный клуб «Металлург» Липецк) is an association football club in Lipetsk, Russia, formed in 1957. Their home, Metallurg Stadium, is located on Pervomayskaya Street, 59, in Lipetsk.
Fresno Christian High School
Fresno Christian High School (abbr. FCHS) is a private, Christian high school sponsored by 12 evangelical churches, located in Fresno, California, United States. The high school is a division of Fresno Christian Schools, offering various classes from Kindergarten through Grade 12. Grades K–12 share a campus with Peoples Church at 7280 N. Cedar Ave.

Community service
Community service is unpaid work performed by a person or group of people for the benefit and betterment of their community. In many cases, people doing community service are compensated in other ways, such as getting a lunch for free. In many countries, there are programs to incite people to do community service. In some cases, it is possible to replace a criminal justice sanctions with community service; there may also be school or class requirements. Obtaining certain benefits may be linked to doing some form of community service. For all these reasons, it is distinct from volunteering.
Chongqing Wushan Airport
Chongqing Wushan Airport (IATA: WSK, ICAO: ZUWS) is an airport serving Wushan County of China's Chongqing Municipality.

The airport is located at the border of Wushan and Fengjie counties, 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from the county seat, and mainly serves tourists to the nearby Three Gorges region. Construction began on 20 April 2015, and the airport was opened on 16 August 2019.  It is the fourth airport with regularly scheduled passenger service in the municipality of Chongqing.  It is located 350 kilometres (220 mi) from central Chongqing as the crow flies. It was originally named Wushan Shennüfeng Airport (巫山神女峰机场).

Three Gorges
The Three Gorges (simplified Chinese: 三峡; traditional Chinese: 三峽; pinyin: Sānxiáⓘ) are three adjacent and sequential gorges along the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, in the hinterland of the People's Republic of China, known for their scenery.

The Three Gorges—comprising the Qutang, followed by the Wu, and finally the Xiling gorges—span 193 miles (311 km), beginning at Baidicheng of Chongqing in the west and ending at Nanjing Pass at Yichang City, Hubei Province in the east, between which are the Fengjie and Wushan counties of Chongqing, as well as Badong and Zigui counties of Hubei Province.
Campbell Fighting Camels
The Campbell Fighting Camels are the athletic teams that represent Campbell University, located in Buies Creek, North Carolina, in intercollegiate sports at the Division I level of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), primarily competing in the Coastal Athletic Association (CAA) since the 2023–24 academic year. The football program competes in the FCS, formerly known as I-AA.

Campbell competes in 21 intercollegiate varsity sports. Men's sports include baseball, basketball, cross country, football, golf, soccer, tennis, track and field (indoor and outdoor), and wrestling; while women's sports include basketball, cross country, golf, lacrosse, soccer, softball, swimming, tennis, track and field (indoor and outdoor), and volleyball.

Big South Conference
The Big South Conference is a collegiate athletic conference affiliated with the NCAA's Division I. Originally a non-football conference, the Big South began sponsoring football in 2002 as part of the Football Championship Subdivision (FCS), and began operating the OVC–Big South Football Association in partnership with the Ohio Valley Conference in 2023. The Big South, founded in 1983, is firmly rooted in the South Atlantic region of the United States, with full member institutions located in North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia. Associate members are located in Georgia and South Carolina.
Ujjal Singh
Governor Ujjal Singh (27 December 1895 – 15 February 1983) was an Indian politician who was a participant in the First Round Table Conference, opened officially by King George V on 12 November 1930. Ujjal Singh served as the Finance Minister of Punjab, Governor of Punjab, followed by acting Governor of Tamil Nadu . Prior to this he was one of Pre-Partition Punjab's largest landowners, owning thousands of acres in Hadali, Jaranwala, Mian Channu, Lyallpur, Montgomery, Sargodha and other areas.

Sahiwal
Sahiwal (Punjabi / Urdu: ساہيوال; Punjabi pronunciation: [sä˦ʱi̯.ʋälᵊ]; Urdu pronunciation: [ˈsɑːˌɦiːˈʋɑːl]), formerly known as Montgomery in British India, is a city in central Punjab, Pakistan.

It is the administrative capital of both Sahiwal District and Sahiwal Division. It is the 19th most populous city of Pakistan, according to the 2023 census. Sahiwal is located approximately 180 km from the major city Lahore and 100 km from Faisalabad and lies between Lahore and Multan.

Sahiwal is approximately 152 meters above the sea level.
Smap Vest
Smap Vest is the third greatest hits album by Japanese boy band SMAP. It was released on 23 March 2001 through Victor Entertainment. It includes all of the band's singles from 1991 through 2000. The album debuted at number one on the Oricon Albums Chart, selling 1,005,000 copies in its first week. In April 2001, it was certified Quadruple Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of Japan for shipments of 1,600,000 units. Smap Vest was the seventh best-selling album of 2001 in Japan, with over 1,679,000 copies sold by the end of the year. It is the band's highest-selling album. As of December 2016, the album has sold 1,827,000 copies in Japan.

The album won the Japan Gold Disc Award for Pop Album of the Year at the 16th Japan Gold Disc Awards.

Victor Entertainment
Victor Entertainment, Inc. (ビクターエンタテインメント株式会社, Bikutā Entateinmento kabushiki-gaisha) is a subsidiary of JVCKenwood that produces and distributes music, movies and other entertainment products such as anime and television shows in Japan. It is known as JVC Entertainment in countries where Sony Music Entertainment operates the RCA Victor label.
Baljet reaction
The Baljet reaction is a qualitative and quantitative method of analysis published by Henri Baljet in 1918. This chemical reaction is used for the detection and colorimetric determination of cardenolides. To the sample, an aqueous hydroxide solution and an ethanolic picric acid solution is combined and added, with a positive test turning orange or red. The mechanism involves cardenolides 1 reacting in alkaline solution with picric acid 2 to form stabilized Meisenheimer complexes, as shown with the resonance form 3a to 3c:

Meisenheimer complex
A Meisenheimer complex or Jackson–Meisenheimer complex in organic chemistry is a 1:1 reaction adduct between an arene carrying electron withdrawing groups and a nucleophile. These complexes are found as reactive intermediates in nucleophilic aromatic substitution but stable and isolated Meisenheimer salts are also known.
Traders season 4
This is a list of episodes for Traders, a Canadian television drama series, which was broadcast on Global Television Network from 1996 to 2000.  The show was set in a Bay Street investment bank, Gardner Ross. Bruce Gray and Sonja Smits starred as the firm's senior partners, Adam Cunningham and Sally Ross. The cast also included Patrick McKenna, David Cubitt, Rick Roberts, Chris Leavins, Gabriel Hogan, David Hewlett, Peter Stebbings and Alex Carter.

Sonja Smits
Sonja Smits (born September 8, 1958) is a Canadian actress. She was nominated for two Genie Awards: for Videodrome (1983) and That's My Baby! (1984). On television, she starred in Street Legal and Traders.
Sd.Kfz. 254
The Sd.Kfz. 254 was a German fully tracked armoured scout car employed by Wehrmacht during World War II.

From 1936, the vehicle was developed under the designation RR-7 by the Saurer company as an artillery tractor for the Austrian army. Testing was completed and in 1937, an order was placed for the tractors and they were manufactured in 1938. About 12 vehicles were made prior to Anschluss (the annexation of Austria by Nazi Germany in 1938).

Manufacture of the vehicle continued after the Anschluss. Records indicate that a total of 140 units were built with the new designation RK-7 (Räder-Kettenfahrgestell), although they were named as Sd.Kfz. 254 by the Wehrmacht. The vehicle featured a wheel-track layout and a diesel motor. The wheels were lowered when it was used on roads and retracted for tracked movement cross-country. A number saw service with the Afrika Korps, serving as artillery observation vehicles after being fitted with a radio and rail antenna.

Austrian Armed Forces
The Austrian Armed Forces (Austrian German: Bundesheer, lit. 'Federal Army') are the combined military forces of Austria.

The military consists of 16,000 active-duty personnel and 125,600 reservists. The military budget is 1.0% of national GDP (including pensions) or €3.317 billion (2023, without pensions).
7th ACE Awards
The 7th Annual ACE Awards (renamed the CableACE Awards in 1992) were held on December 3, 1985.

The ceremony was held at the Beverly Theatre, with Shelley Duvall and Joe Piscopo as hosts, and was broadcast on TBS on December 6, 1985.  Awards were presented in 43 categories.

Finnegan Begin Again
Finnegan Begin Again is a 1985 American made-for-HBO romantic comedy film directed by Joan Micklin Silver, shot by Robby Müller, and starring Mary Tyler Moore and Robert Preston.  The movie was filmed in the Fan District of Richmond, Virginia, and premiered on HBO on February 24, 1985, before being released on video.  The supporting cast features Sam Waterston and Sylvia Sidney.
Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba candidates in the 1986 Manitoba provincial election
The Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba fielded a full slate of 57 candidates in the 1986 provincial election, and won 26 seats to remain as the Official Opposition in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba.  Many of the party's candidates have their own biography pages; information on others may be found here.

1986 Manitoba general election
The 1986 Manitoba general election was held on March 18, 1986 to elect Members of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Manitoba, Canada. It was won by the New Democratic Party, which took 30 seats out of 57.  The Progressive Conservative Party won 26 seats and formed the official opposition.  The Manitoba Liberal Party, which had not been represented in the previous legislature, won one seat.