hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Henry Gerber
Henry Gerber (June 29, 1892 in Passau, Bavaria– December 31, 1972) was an early gay rights activist in the United States. Inspired by the work of Germany's Magnus Hirschfeld and his Scientific-Humanitarian Committee and by the organisation Bund für Menschenrecht by Friedrich Radszuweit and Karl Schulz, Gerber founded the Society for Human Rights (SHR) in 1924, the United States' first known gay organization, and Friendship and Freedom, the first known American gay publication. SHR was short-lived, as police arrested several of its members shortly after it incorporated. Although embittered by his experiences, Gerber maintained contacts within the fledgling homophile movement of the 1950s and continued to agitate for the rights of homosexuals. Gerber has been repeatedly recognized for his contributions to the LGBT movement.

Scientific-Humanitarian Committee
The Scientific-Humanitarian Committee (German: Wissenschaftlich-humanitäres Komitee, WhK) was a transnational advocacy group and civil rights organization founded by Magnus Hirschfeld in Berlin in May 1897, to campaign for the legal rights and social recognition of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people, and against their institutionalized discrimination and persecution in Western societies. It was the first LGBT rights organization in history. The motto of the organization was Per scientiam ad justitiam ("Through science to justice"), and the committee included representatives from various professions. The committee's membership peaked at about 700 people. In 1929, Kurt Hiller took over as chairman of the group from Hirschfeld. At its peak, the WhK had branches in approximately 25 cities in Weimar Germany, the Republic of Austria, and the Netherlands.
Monstrous birth
A monstrous birth is a birth in which a defect renders the animal or human child so malformed that it is considered "monstrous". Historically, such births were often interpreted as omens, signs of God, or moral warnings, and used by society as a tool for manipulation. The development of obstetrics helped to dispel spurious associations with evil, but the historical significance of these fetuses remains noteworthy. In early and medieval Christianity, monstrous births were presented as posing difficult theological problems about humanity and salvation.

Christianity in the Middle Ages
Christianity in the Middle Ages covers the history of Christianity from the fall of the Western Roman Empire (c. 476). The end of the period is variously defined - depending on the context, events such as the conquest of Constantinople by the Ottoman Empire in 1453, Christopher Columbus's first voyage to the Americas in 1492, or the Protestant Reformation in 1517 are sometimes used.

In Christianity's ancient Pentarchy, five patriarchies held special eminence: the sees of Rome, Constantinople, Jerusalem, Antioch, and Alexandria. The prestige of most of these sees depended in part on their apostolic founders, or in the case of Byzantium/Constantinople, that it was the new seat of the continuing Eastern Roman, or Byzantine Empire. These bishops considered themselves the successors of those apostles.  In addition, all five cities were early centres of Christianity, losing their importance after the Levant was conquered by the Sunni Caliphate.
Computational Spectroscopy In Natural Sciences and Engineering
COmputational Spectroscopy In Natural Sciences and Engineering (COSINE) is a Marie Skłodowska-Curie Innovative Training Network in the field of theoretical and computational chemistry, focused on computational spectroscopy. The main goal of the projects is to develop theoretical tools: computational codes based on electronic structure theory for the investigation of organic photochemistry and for simulation of spectroscopic experiments. It is part of the European Union's Horizon 2020 research funding framework.

Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions
The Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA; named after Marie Curie) are major research fellowships created by the European Union / European Commission to support research in the European Research Area (ERA). The Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions are among Europe's most competitive and prestigious research and innovation fellowships.
2023 Liga 3 South Kalimantan
2023 Liga 3 South Kalimantan is the sixth edition of Liga 3 South Kalimantan organized by Asprov PSSI South Kalimantan.

Followed by 10 clubs. The winner of this competition will immediately advance to the national phase to represent South Kalimantan to compete for promotion tickets to Liga 2.

Persetala is the defending champion after winning it in the 2022 season.

Liga Nusantara
Liga Nusantara (English: Archipelago League), officially known as PNM Liga Nusantara for sponsorship reasons, is the third-tier of the football competition system in Indonesia, organized by the Football Association of Indonesia (PSSI). The competition started in 2014 after PSSI merged the previous competitions, Liga Indonesia Second Division and Liga Indonesia Third Division. The competition was previously organized in two phases, with the provincial phase operated by PSSI Provincial Associations, where each province held its own regional competition, followed by the national phase operated by PSSI, where the top teams from each province competed at the national level.

Starting from the 2024–25 season, the competition is organized on a national level with teams divided into several groups based on geographical factors and is now operated by the I-League.
Hans Vermeer
Hans Josef Vermeer (24 September 1930 – 4 February 2010), was a German linguist and translation scholar.

Vermeer was Professor of Linguistics at the University of Mainz in Germersheim and held a chair in Translation Studies at Heidelberg University. After his retirement, he became a visiting professor at national and international universities. In his final years, he returned to the universities of Mainz and Heidelberg. On 17 January 2010, just before his death, he was awarded an honorary doctorate by the University of Mainz.

Germersheim
Germersheim (German: [ˈɡɛʁmɐshaɪm] ⓘ) is a town in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate, of around 20,000 inhabitants. It is also the seat of the Germersheim district. The neighboring towns and cities are Speyer, Landau, Philippsburg, Karlsruhe and Wörth.
Jodie Haydon (politician)
Joseph Albert Haydon (March 1, 1945 – November 24, 2025) was an American politician from Kentucky who was a member of the Kentucky House of Representatives from 1997 to 2005. Haydon was first elected in 1996, after incumbent representative Kenny Rapier retired. He did not seek reelection in 2004 and was succeeded by Republican David Floyd. Haydon died on November 24, 2025, at the age of 80.

Kentucky House of Representatives
The Kentucky House of Representatives is the lower house of the Kentucky General Assembly. It is composed of 100 Representatives elected from single-member districts throughout the Commonwealth. Not more than two counties can be joined to form a House district, except when necessary to preserve the principle of equal representation. Representatives are elected to two-year terms with no term limits. The Kentucky House of Representatives convenes at the State Capitol in Frankfort.
System crash screen
In computing, a system crash screen, error screen or screen of death is a visual indicator that appears when an operating system, software application, or hardware encounters a severe issue that prevents normal operation. These screens typically serve as a last-resort mechanism to inform users and system administrators of a critical failure. An error screen may display technical information such as error messages, diagnostic codes, memory dumps, or troubleshooting instructions. They can occur due to hardware malfunctions, corrupted system files, software crashes, overheating, or other critical failures. Error screens vary by operating system and device, with some of the most well-known examples being the Blue Screen of Death (BSOD) in Windows, the Sad Mac in classic Macintosh computers, and the Kernel Panic in Unix-based systems like Linux and macOS. Game consoles may also have notable crash screens, such as the PlayStation 2 and the Nintendo Wii.

Computing
Computing is any goal-oriented activity that requires, benefits from, or creates computing machinery. It includes the study and experimentation of algorithmic processes, and the development of both hardware and software. Computing encompasses scientific, engineering, mathematical, technological, and social aspects. Major computing disciplines include computer engineering, computer science, cybersecurity, data science, information systems, information technology, and software engineering.

The term computing is also synonymous with counting and calculating. In earlier times, it was used in reference to the action performed by mechanical computing machines, and before that, to human computers.
EPAM
EPAM (Elementary Perceiver and Memorizer) is a  psychological theory of learning and memory implemented as a computer program. Originally designed by Herbert A. Simon and Edward Feigenbaum to simulate phenomena in verbal learning, it has been later adapted to account for data on the psychology of expertise and concept formation. It was influential in formalizing the concept of a chunk.  In EPAM, learning consists in the growth of a discrimination network.
EPAM was written in IPL/V.

The project was started in the late 1950s with the aim to learn nonsense syllables. The term nonsense is used because the learned patterns are not connected with a meaning but they are standing for their own. The software is working internally by creating a decision tree. An improved version is available under the name “EPAM-VI”.

Pseudoword
A pseudoword is a unit of speech or text that appears to be an actual word in a certain language, while in fact it has no meaning. It is a specific type of nonce word, or even more narrowly a nonsense word, composed of a combination of phonemes which nevertheless conform to the language's phonotactic rules. It is thus a kind of vocable: utterable but meaningless.

Such words lacking a meaning in a certain language or absent in any text corpus or dictionary can be the result of (the interpretation of) a truly random signal, but there will often be an underlying deterministic source, as is the case for examples like jabberwocky and galumph (both coined in a nonsense poem by Lewis Carroll), dord (a ghost word published due to a mistake), ciphers, and typos.

A string of nonsensical words may be described as gibberish. Word salad, in contrast, may contain legible and intelligible words but without semantic or syntactic correlation or coherence.
83rd United States Congress
The 83rd United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the federal government of the United States in Washington, D.C. from January 3, 1953, until January 3, 1955, during the last two weeks of the Truman administration, with the remainder spanning the first two years of Dwight Eisenhower's presidency. It was composed of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The apportionment of seats in the House was based on the 1950 U.S. census.

The Republicans gained the majority in both chambers, winning back full control of Congress for the first time since the 80th Congress in 1947, and with Dwight Eisenhower being sworn in as president on January 20, 1953, this gave the Republicans an overall federal government trifecta for the first time since the 71st Congress in 1929, and the last time until they briefly did so during the 107th Congress in 2001.

United States Statutes at Large
The United States Statutes at Large, commonly referred to as the Statutes at Large and abbreviated Stat., are an official record of Acts of Congress and concurrent resolutions passed by the United States Congress.

Each act and resolution of Congress is originally published as a slip law, which is classified as either public law (abbreviated Pub.L.) or private law (Pvt.L.), and designated and numbered accordingly. At the end of a congressional session, the statutes enacted during that session are compiled into bound books, known as "session law" publications. The United States Statutes at Large is the name of the session law publication for U.S. Federal statutes. The public laws and private laws are numbered and organized in chronological order.

U.S. Federal statutes are published in a three-part process, consisting of slip laws, session laws (Statutes at Large), and codification (United States Code).
Churilovo, Kursky District, Kursk Oblast
Churilovo (Russian: Чурилово) is a rural locality (Russian: деревня, lit. 'village') in Kamyshinsky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Kursky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population:  293 (2010 Census); 289 (2002 Census);

Kursky District, Kursk Oblast
Kursky District (Russian: Ку́рский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-eight in Kursk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the center of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,657.29 square kilometers (639.88 sq mi). Its administrative center is the city of Kursk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 54,521 (2021 Census); 54,778 (2010 Census);  56,494 (2002 Census); 56,701 (1989 Soviet census).
Badger Head, Tasmania
Badger Head is a locality and small rural community in the local government area of West Tamar, in the Western Tamar Valley region of Tasmania. It is located about 54 kilometres (34 mi) north-west of the town of Launceston. Bass Strait forms the north-western and part of the northern boundaries. The 2016 census determined a population of 41 for the state suburb of Badger Head.

Bass Strait
Bass Strait is a strait separating the island state of Tasmania from the Australian mainland (more specifically the coast of Victoria, with the exception of the land border across Boundary Islet). The strait provides the most direct waterway between the Great Australian Bight and the Tasman Sea, and is also the only maritime route into the economically prominent Port Phillip Bay.

Formed 8,000 years ago by rising sea levels at the end of the last glacial period, the strait was named after English explorer and physician George Bass (1771–1803) by European colonists.
El Dorado South, Long Beach, California
El Dorado Park South is a neighborhood located on the east side of Long Beach. It is a residential neighborhood close to the El Dorado Regional Park and the 605 and 405 Freeways. The neighborhood of El Dorado Park South is very close to the Seal Beach City line and is on the Orange and Los Angeles County line.

Interstate 405 (California)
Interstate 405 (I-405, locally referred to as the 405) is a major north–south auxiliary Interstate Highway in Southern California. The entire route is known as the northern segment of the San Diego Freeway. I-405 is a bypass auxiliary route of I-5, running along the southern and western parts of the Greater Los Angeles urban area from Irvine in the south to Sylmar in the north.

I-405, heavily traveled by both commuters and freight haulers along its entire length, is the busiest and most congested freeway in the United States. The freeway's annual average daily traffic between exits 21 and 22 in Seal Beach reached 374,000 in 2008, making it the highest count in the nation. It has played a crucial role in the development of dozens of cities and suburbs along its route through Los Angeles and Orange counties. It also serves Los Angeles International Airport, Long Beach Airport, and Orange County's John Wayne Airport.
Bardere
Bardere (Arabic: باردير, Somali: Bardhere, Italian: Bardera) also known as Bardera, is a city in Jubaland State of Somalia. It is the second most populous city in Jubaland with Kismayo being the largest and most densely populated city in the region. Bardere sits on the Jubba River around 250 km west of the city of Baidoa and is in a highland area with fertile soil.

Citadel
A citadel is the most fortified area of a town or city. It may be a castle, fortress, or fortified center. The term is a diminutive of city, meaning "little city", because it is a smaller part of the city of which it is the defensive core.

In a fortification with bastions, the citadel is the strongest part of the system, sometimes well inside the outer walls and bastions, but often forming part of the outer wall for the sake of economy. It is positioned to be the last line of defence, should the enemy breach the other components of the fortification system.
2006 Ohio Attorney General election
The 2006 Ohio Attorney General election was held on November 7, 2006, to elect the Ohio Attorney General. Democratic state senator and attorney Marc Dann defeated Republican State Auditor and former attorney general Betty Montgomery with 52.61% of the vote in what was considered an upset. The election was held concurrently with a U.S. Senate election, gubernatorial election, and other statewide races. Primary elections were held on May 2, 2006.

Dann would go on to resign as attorney general on May 14, 2008, following the discovery of an extramarital affair and claims of sexual harassment. Dean was succeeded by Nancy H. Rogers in late May 2008 after being appointed by Governor Ted Strickland, but did not seek a full term in the following special election.

Nancy H. Rogers
Nancy Hardin Rogers (born September 18, 1948) is an American lawyer, author, and former Attorney General of Ohio, a former  Dean of the Ohio State University Moritz College of Law and the former holder of the Michael E. Moritz Chair in Alternative Dispute Resolution at the Moritz College of Law. She is currently a professor emeritus.
Foreign relations of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi
The foreign relations of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi (1969–2011) underwent much fluctuation and change. They were marked by severe tension with the West (especially the United States, although relations were normalised in the early 21st century prior to the 2011 civil war) and by other national policies in the Middle East and Africa, including the Libyan government's financial and military support for numerous paramilitary and rebel groups.

Chairperson of the African Union
The Chairperson of the African Union is the ceremonial head of the African Union (AU) elected by the Assembly of Heads of State and Government for a one-year term. It rotates among the continent's five regions.

A candidate must be selected by consensus or at least two-thirds majority vote by member states. The chairperson is expected to complete the term without interruption; hence countries with impending elections may be ineligible.

The current Chairperson is Burundian President Évariste Ndayishimiye.
Better (Brooke Fraser song)
"Better" is a song by New Zealand singer-songwriter Brooke Fraser from her first album, What to Do with Daylight (2003). It was released as her debut single in 2003 and reached number three on the New Zealand Singles Chart.

Official Aotearoa Music Charts
The Official Aotearoa Music Charts, formerly the Official New Zealand Music Chart (Māori: Te Papa Tātai Waiata Matua o Aotearoa), is the weekly New Zealand top 40 singles and albums charts, issued weekly by Recorded Music NZ (formerly Recording Industry Association of New Zealand). The Music Chart also includes the top 40 Hot Singles chart, the top 20 New Zealand artist singles and albums, the top 20 Hot New Zealand singles, and top 10 compilation albums. All charts are compiled from data of both physical and digital sales from music retailers in New Zealand.

The chart also publishes gold and platinum certifications of albums and singles, according to thresholds set by Recorded Music NZ, through the database on radioscope.net.nz.
Bad Boys: Ride or Die (soundtrack)
Bad Boys: Ride or Die is the soundtrack to the 2024 film Bad Boys: Ride or Die directed by Adil El Arbi and Bilall Fallah; the fourth instalment in the Bad Boys series and the sequel to Bad Boys for Life starring Will Smith and Martin Lawrence. It was released through Epic Records on June 7, 2024, featuring contributions from Black Eyed Peas, Will Smith, Sean Paul, Shenseea, Becky G amongst several others. The album was preceded by the lead single "Tonight" which was released on May 30, 2024.

Shenseea
Chinsea Linda Lee (born 1 October 1996), known professionally as Shenseea (/ʃɛnˌsiːə/), is a Jamaican singer. She is best known for her guest appearance alongside Roddy Ricch on Kanye West's 2021 song "Pure Souls," which entered the Billboard Hot 100. Through its parent album Donda, she was nominated as a featured artist for Album of the Year at the 64th Annual Grammy Awards.

Shenseea signed with Interscope Records to release her debut studio album Alpha (2022), which peaked at number two on the Top Reggae Albums chart. Her second album, Never Gets Late Here (2024), was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Reggae Album. Her other accolades include two MOBO Awards.
2000 Canada Soccer National Championships
The 2000 Canada Soccer National Championships was the 78th staging of Canada Soccer's domestic football club competition. Winnipeg Lucania FC won the Challenge Trophy after they beat Vancouver Westside FC in the Canadian Final at Umea Field in Saskatoon on 9 October 2000.

Eleven teams qualified to the final week of the 2000 National Championships in Saskatoon. Each team played group matches before the medal and ranking matches on the last day.

On the road to the National Championships, Winnipeg Lucania FC beat Winnipeg Sons of Italy in the 2000 Manitoba Cup Final.

Canadian Soccer Association
The Canadian Soccer Association (French: Association canadienne de soccer; branded as Canada Soccer) is the governing body for soccer in Canada. Headquartered in Ottawa, Ontario, the federation is a full member of FIFA and governs Canadian soccer at the international, professional, and amateur levels, including: the men's and women's national teams, youth organizations, beach soccer, futsal, Paralympic and deaf national teams. The Canadian Soccer Association also administers and operates the Canadian Premier League, the Canadian Championship, and the Futsal Canadian Championship.
Abdulah Skaka
Abdulah Skaka (born 5 December 1983) is a Bosnian politician and economist who served as the 38th mayor of Sarajevo from 2017 to 2021. He has been a member of the Party of Democratic Action since 2013.

Sarajevo City Council
The Sarajevo City Council (Bosnian: Gradsko vijeće Grada Sarajeva) is a 28-member elected body that scrutinises the activities of the mayor of Sarajevo and has the power, with a two-thirds super-majority, to amend the mayor's annual budget and to reject the mayor's draft statutory strategies.

The City Council meets at Vijećnica on the bank of the Miljacka river. The council is also able to publish its findings and recommendations, and make proposals to the mayor.