hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tzofim
Tzufim (Hebrew: צוּפִים), or Tzufin (צוּפִין‎), is an Israeli settlement in the West Bank. Located  north of Alfei Menashe and Qalqilyah and northeast of Kfar Saba, it is organised as a community settlement and falls under the jurisdiction of Shomron Regional Council. In 2023 it had a population of 2,568.

The international community considers Israeli settlements in the West Bank illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this.

Qalqilya
Qalqilya or Qalqiliya (Arabic: قلقيلية, romanized: Qalqīlyaḧ) is a city in the West Bank, Palestine, which serves as the administrative center of the Qalqilya Governorate. The city had a population of 51,683 in 2017. Qalqilya is surrounded by the Israeli West Bank wall, with a narrow gap in the east controlled by the Israeli military and a tunnel to the Palestinian town of Hableh. Qalqilya is under the administration of the Palestinian National Authority (as part of Area A), while remaining under Israeli military occupation.

According to Edward Henry Palmer, the name came from "a type of pomegranate", or "gurgling of water". Qalqilya was known as Calecailes in the Roman period, and Calcelie in the Frankish sources from the early Medieval times. The word "Qalqilya" might be derived from a Canaanite term which means "rounded stones or hills".
Potomac Appalachian Trail Club
The Potomac Appalachian Trail Club (PATC) is a volunteer organization that works to maintain hiking trails in the Washington, D.C. area of the United States. PATC was founded in 1927 to protect and develop the local section of the then new Appalachian Trail. It has expanded its mission to oversee over 1,050 miles (1,690 km) of trails, 47 shelters and 39 cabins in Virginia, Maryland, West Virginia, Pennsylvania, and Washington, D.C.

Washington metropolitan area
The Washington metropolitan area (also referred to as the National Capital Region, Greater Washington, or locally as the DMV, short for District of Columbia, Maryland, and Virginia) is the metropolitan area comprising Washington, D.C., the federal capital of the United States, and its surroundings. The metropolitan area includes all of Washington, D.C., and parts of Maryland, Virginia and even West Virginia.

The United States federal government defines the area as the Washington–DC, VA–MD–WV metropolitan statistical area. It anchors the southern end of the densely populated Northeast megalopolis and is part of the Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area, the country's third-largest. The area's estimated total population of 6,304,975 (as of 2023) makes it the country's seventh-most populous metropolitan area. It is one of the country's most educated and affluent metropolitan areas.
Serao
Serao is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Matilde Serao (1856–1927), Italian journalist and novelist

Francesco Serao (1702–1783), Italian physician, physicist, geologist, philosopher and scholar

Giovanni Serao (born 2 March 1977), Italian retired footballer

Matilde Serao
Matilde Serao (Italian pronunciation: [maˈtilde seˈraːo]; Greek: Ματθίλδη Σεράο; 14 March 1856 – 25 July 1927) was an Italian journalist and novelist. She was the first woman called to edit an Italian newspaper, Il Corriere di Roma and later Il Giorno. Serao was also the co-founder and editor of the newspaper Il Mattino, and the author of several novels. She never won the Nobel Prize in Literature despite being nominated on six occasions.
Karlin (surname)
Karlin is a surname tracing back to the Hasidic dynasty originating with Rebbe Aaron the Great of Karlin in present-day Belarus. Alternate derivations have the name with origins from the Carolus, a Latin name that means Charles. Notable people with the surname include:

Alma Karlin, Slovene-Austrian traveler, writer, poet, collector, polyglot and theosophist.

Ben Karlin

John Karlin, industrial psychologist

Joyce Karlin

Kenneth Karlin, Danish songwriter and producer

Miriam Karlin

Ored Karlin (1905–1969), Swedish chess player

Samuel Karlin

William Karlin (1882–1944), New York lawyer and Socialist politician

Charles
Charles is a masculine given name predominantly found in English and French speaking countries. It is from the French form Charles of the Proto-Germanic name ᚲᚨᚱᛁᛚᚨᛉ (in runic alphabet) or *karilaz (in Latin alphabet), whose meaning was "free man". The Old English descendant of this word was Ċearl or Ċeorl, as the name of King Cearl of Mercia, that disappeared after the Norman conquest of England.

The name was notably borne by Charlemagne (Charles the Great), and was at the time Latinized as Karolus (as in Vita Karoli Magni), later also as Carolus.
Brzozowo, Gmina Nowogard
Brzozowo [bʐɔˈzɔvɔ] (German: Birkenwalde) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Nowogard, within Goleniów County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 10 km (6 mi) north-east of Nowogard, 33 km (21 mi) north-east of Goleniów, and 54 km (34 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.

Goleniów County
Goleniów County (Polish: powiat goleniowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in West Pomeranian Voivodeship, north-western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Goleniów, which lies 22 kilometres (14 mi) north-east of the regional capital Szczecin. The county also contains the towns of Nowogard, lying 24 km (15 mi) north-east of Goleniów, and Maszewo, 19 km (12 mi) south-east of Goleniów.

The county covers an area of 1,616.99 square kilometres (624.3 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 78,738, out of which the population of Goleniów is 22,448, that of Nowogard is 16,745, that of Maszewo is 3,073, and the rural population is 36,472.
Gummere
Gummere is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Francis Barton Gummere (1855–1919), American folklorist, grandson of John

John Gummere (1784–1845), American astronomer

Samuel R. Gummere (1849–1920), American lawyer and diplomat, brother of William

William Stryker Gummere (1852–1933), American lawyer and judge in New Jersey; early player of college football

Samuel R. Gummeré
Samuel Rene Gummeré (/ɡʌˈmɛər/; 1849 – May 28, 1920) was an American lawyer and diplomat who served as US Consul-General in Tangier, Morocco from 1898–1905, and Ambassador to Morocco from 1905–09, and became well known for his roles in the Perdicaris incident of 1904 and the Algeciras Conference two years later.
Nowa Tuchola
Nowa Tuchola [ˈnɔva tuˈxɔla] is a settlement, part of the village of Mały Mędromierz in the administrative district of Gmina Tuchola, within Tuchola County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland.

Tuchola
Tuchola (Polish pronunciation: [tuˈxɔla] ⓘ; Kashubian: Tëchòlô) is a town in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship in northern Poland. The Pomeranian town, which is the seat of Tuchola County, had a population of 12,843 as of 31 December 2024.
Marist Poll
The Marist Poll, founded in 1978, is a national public opinion poll operated by the Marist Institute for Public Opinion (MIPO) on the campus of Marist University in Poughkeepsie, New York. The poll was one of the first college-based public opinion polls in the United States.  MIPO regularly measures public opinion, both in New York State and across the country. In 2020, polls were conducted in Arizona, Florida, New Hampshire, New York, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Texas. The Marist Poll has an 'A' rating from ABC News' FiveThirtyEight and is often cited by journalists and pundits around the world.

Poughkeepsie (town), New York
Poughkeepsie (/pəˈkɪpsi/ pə-KIP-see), officially the Town of Poughkeepsie, is a town in Dutchess County, New York, United States. As of the 2020 United States Census, the population was 45,471. The name is derived from the native compound Uppuqui-ipis-ing, from Uppuqui (/uːˈpuːki/ oo-POO-kee) meaning "lodge-covered", plus ipis meaning "little water", plus ing meaning "place", all of which translates to "the reed-covered lodge by the little water place". This later evolved into Apokeepsing, then into Poughkeepsing, and finally Poughkeepsie.

The area includes a large IBM campus noted for its ongoing development and manufacturing of IBM mainframes.
Joe's College Road Trip
Joe's College Road Trip is a 2026 American road comedy film written, directed by and starring Tyler Perry. While part of the Madea franchise, it is the first of its films to be about her brother Joe. In the film, he accompanies his grandson B.J. on a college road trip.

The film was released on February 13, 2026, by Netflix.

Ms. Pat
Patricia Williams Lee (born April 2, 1972), better known by her stage name Ms. Pat, is an American stand-up comedian and actress best known as the lead and namesake of The Ms. Pat Show. She is host of the podcast The Patdown with Ms. Pat.
Helen Hayes Award
The Helen Hayes Awards are theater awards recognizing excellence in professional theater in the Washington, D.C., area since 1983. The awards are named in tribute of Helen Hayes, who is also known as the "First Lady of American Theatre." They are presented by Theatre Washington (formerly known as the Helen Hayes Awards organization), sponsored by TodayTix, a ticketing company, and supported in part by the DC Commission on the Arts and Humanities, The Morris and Gwendolyn Cafritz Foundation, The Max and Victoria Dreyfus Foundation, The Share Fund, Prince Charitable Trust, and Craig Pascal and Victor Shargai.

Actors' Equity Association
The Actors' Equity Association (AEA), commonly called Actors' Equity or simply Equity, is an American labor union representing those who work in live theatrical performance. Performers appearing in live stage productions without a book or through-storyline (vaudeville, cabarets, circuses) may be represented by the American Guild of Variety Artists (AGVA). The AEA works to negotiate quality living conditions, livable wages, and benefits for performers and stage managers. A theater or production that is not produced and performed by AEA members may be called "non-Equity".
Hugh M. Luckey
Hugh Magill Luckey (November 2, 1873 – December 29, 1946) was an American farmer and politician.

Luckey was born on a farm near Potomac, Illinois. He went to Potomac public schools and graduated from the Potomac High School. Luckey was a farmer. He served on the Vermilion County Board of Supervisors and was chairman of the county board. Luckey was a Republican. He served in the Illinois House of Representatives from 1923 to 1931; from 1935 to 1937; and from 1941 to 1943. Luckey then served in the Illinois Senate from 1943, until his death in 1946. Luckey died at Lakeview Hospital, in Danville, Illinois, after being ill for three weeks.

Vermilion County, Illinois
Vermilion County is a county in the eastern part of the U.S. state of Illinois, between the Indiana border and Champaign County. It was established in 1826 and was the 45th of Illinois' 102 counties. According to the 2020 United States census, it had a population of 74,188. It contains 21 incorporated settlements; the county seat and largest city is Danville.

Vermilion County is part of the Danville, IL Micropolitan Statistical Area, as well as the larger Champaign–Urbana–Danville combined statistical area.
Spaelotis clandestina
The clandestine dart or w-marked cutworm (Spaelotis clandestina) is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found from coast to coast across Canada to southern Alaska, and in the eastern United States from Maine to western North Carolina, west to northern Ohio to North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, and down the Rocky Mountains from Montana to southern Arizona.

The wingspan is about 38 mm. Adults are on wing from May to October.

The larvae are a pest on a variety of trees, shrubs, and herbaceous plants, including Vaccinium, Acer, Pinus, Fabaceae, Brassica oleracea, Zea mays, Malus and Fragaria.

Fragaria
Fragaria (/frəˈɡɛəri.ə/) is a genus of flowering plants in the rose family, Rosaceae, commonly known as strawberries for their edible fruits. There are more than 20 described species and many hybrids and cultivars. The most common strawberries grown commercially are cultivars of the garden strawberry, a hybrid known as Fragaria × ananassa. Strawberries have a taste that varies by cultivar, and ranges from quite sweet to rather tart. Strawberries are an important commercial fruit crop, widely grown in all temperate regions of the world.
Johann Weyer
Johannes Wier (Latin: Ioannes Wierus or Piscinarius; 1515 – 24 February 1588) was a Dutch physician who was among the first to publish a thorough treatise against the trials and persecution of people accused of witchcraft. His most influential work is De Praestigiis Daemonum et Incantationibus ac Venificiis ('On the Illusions of the Demons and on Spells and Poisons'; 1563).

Arnhem
Arnhem (Dutch: [ˈɑrnɛm] ⓘ or [ˈɑr(ə)nɦɛm] ⓘ; German: Arnheim [ˈaʁnhaɪm] ⓘ; Ernems: Èrnem) is a city and municipality situated in the eastern part of the Netherlands, near the German border. It is the capital of the province of Gelderland, located on both banks of the rivers Nederrijn and Sint-Jansbeek, which was the source of the city's development.

Arnhem is home to the Hogeschool van Arnhem en Nijmegen, ArtEZ Institute of the Arts, Netherlands Open Air Museum, Airborne Museum 'Hartenstein', Royal Burgers' Zoo, NOC*NSF and National Sports Centre Papendal. The north corner of the municipality is part of the Hoge Veluwe National Park. It is approximately 55 square kilometres (21 sq mi) in area, consisting of heathlands, sand dunes, and woodlands.
Zarechcha, Rechytsa district, Gomel region
Zarechcha (Belarusian: Зарэчча, romanized: Zarečča; Russian: Заречье, romanized: Zarechye) is an urban-type settlement in Rechytsa District, Gomel Region, Belarus. As of 2025, it has a population of 1,984.

Gomel region
Gomel region, also known as Gomel oblast or Homyel voblasts, is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Gomel. The total area of the region is 40,400 square kilometres (15,600 sq mi). As of 2024, it had a population of 1,338,617.

Its largest settlements include Gomel, Mazyr, Zhlobin, Svyetlahorsk, Rechytsa, Kalinkavichy, Rahachow and Dobrush.

Both Gomel region and Mogilev region suffered severely from the Chernobyl disaster. Gomel Province borders the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone in places, and parts of it have been designated as mandatory or voluntary resettlement areas as a result of the radioactive contamination.
Ofcom Code on Sports and Other Listed and Designated Events
The Ofcom Code on Sports and Other Listed & Designated Events is a series of regulations issued originally by the Independent Television Commission (ITC) then by Ofcom when the latter assumed most of the ITC's responsibilities in 2003, which is designed to protect the availability of coverage of major sporting occasions on free-to-air terrestrial television in the United Kingdom.

In 1991, the Home Secretary, Kenneth Baker, devised a list of events not permitted to be broadcast solely on pay television services. The practice was placed on a statutory footing by the Broadcasting Act 1996, which required the ITC to create a permanent list of such events, dubbed the "crown jewels of sport". In 1997, the initial list was drawn up, and was revised in 1999, where the code was divided into two categories, A and B. The code was further amended in 2000 to give the ITC responsibility over UK-based broadcasters wanting to transmit listed events in other countries.

Ofcom
The Office of Communications (Ofcom) is the government-approved regulatory and competition authority for the broadcasting, internet, telecommunications and postal industries of the United Kingdom.

Ofcom has wide-ranging powers across the television, radio, telecoms, internet and postal sectors. It has a statutory duty to represent the interests of citizens and consumers by promoting competition and protecting the public from harmful or offensive material.

Some of the main areas Ofcom regulates are TV and radio standards, broadband and phones, video-sharing platforms online, the wireless spectrum and postal services.

The regulator was initially established by the Office of Communications Act 2002 (c. 11) and received its full authority from the Communications Act 2003 (c. 21).
Donnellsmithia
Donnellsmithia is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Apiaceae.

Its native range is Mexico to western Venezuela. It is found in the countries of Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama and Venezuela.

The genus name of Donnellsmithia is in honour of John Donnell Smith (1829–1928), an American biologist and taxonomist, it was published in Bot. Gaz. Vol.15 on page 15 in 1890.

Known species:

Apiaceae
Apiaceae (/ˌeɪpiˈeɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/ ⓘ), also called Umbelliferae, is a family of mostly aromatic flowering plants named after the type genus Apium, and commonly known as the celery, carrot, or parsley family, or simply as umbellifers. It is the 16th-largest family of flowering plants, with more than 3,800 species in about 446 genera, including such well-known, and economically important plants as ajwain, angelica, anise, asafoetida, caraway, carrot, celery, chervil, coriander, cumin, dill, fennel, lovage, cow parsley, parsley, parsnip and sea holly, as well as silphium, a plant whose exact identity is unclear and which may be extinct.

The family Apiaceae includes a significant number of phototoxic species, such as giant hogweed, and a smaller number of highly poisonous species, such as poison hemlock, water hemlock, spotted cowbane, fool's parsley, and various species of water dropwort.
PRDX5
Peroxiredoxin-5 (PRDX5), mitochondrial is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PRDX5 gene, located on chromosome 11.

This gene encodes a member of the six-member peroxiredoxin family of antioxidant enzymes. Like the other five members, PRDX5 is widely expressed in tissues but differs by its large subcellular distribution. In human cells, it has been shown that PRDX5 can be localized to mitochondria, peroxisomes, the cytosol, and the nucleus. Human PRDX5 is identified by virtue of the sequence homologies to yeast peroxisomal antioxidant enzyme PMP20.

Biochemically, PRDX5 is a peroxidase that can use cytosolic or mitochondrial thioredoxins to reduce alkyl hydroperoxides or peroxynitrite with high rate constants in the 106 to 107 M−1s−1 range, whereas its reaction with hydrogen peroxide is more modest, in the 105 M−1s−1 range. So far, PRDX5 has been shown to be a cytoprotective antioxidant enzyme that inhibits endogenous or exogenous peroxide accumulation.

Peroxynitrite
Peroxynitrite (sometimes called peroxonitrite) is an ion with the formula ONOO−. It is a structural isomer of nitrate, NO−3. Peroxynitrite is a potent reactive nitrogen species and is highly cytotoxic.
Domenic Abounader
Domenic Michael Abounader (born March 11, 1995) is a Lebanese-American freestyle and folkstyle wrestler. Domestically, Abounader competed at St. Edward High School in Lakewood, Ohio, where he won three state titles, finishing his senior season undefeated and the number one ranked wrestler in the country at 182 lbs. Abounader attended The University of Michigan, where he was a Big Ten Champion and NCAA All-American.

Internationally, he competes for Lebanon, his father's home country. As a dual citizen, Domenic is eligible to compete for Lebanon, since he never wrestled for the United States at the international level. In his first international tournament, he won a silver medal at the 2018 Asian Games, the first medalist for Lebanon in wrestling. He lost to Iran's Hassan Yazdani in the final match of the men's freestyle 86 kg.

Lakewood, Ohio
Lakewood is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States, on the southern shore of Lake Erie. Established in 1889, it is one of Cleveland's historical streetcar suburbs and part of the Cleveland metropolitan area. The population was 50,942 at the 2020 census, making it the third largest city in Cuyahoga County, behind Cleveland and Parma.
K. Deep
Kuldeep Singh Kang (10 December 1940 – 22 October 2020), better known as K. Deep, was an Indian singer of Punjabi-language folk songs and duets. He sang most of the duets with his wife, singer Jagmohan Kaur. The duo is known for their comedy characters Mai Mohno and Posti. Poodna is another notable song by the duo. He was the first to sing songs penned by Shiv Kumar Batalvi. In 2010, he got PTC Life Time Achievement Award, along with Babu Singh Maan, which was presented to him by Punjabi singer Gurdas Maan.

Folk music of Punjab
Punjabi folk music (Punjabi: پنجابی لوک موسیقی, Punjabi: ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਲੋਕ ਸੰਗੀਤ or Punjabi Folk) is the traditional music on the traditional musical instruments of the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent. There is a great repertoire of music from the time of birth through the different stages of joy and sorrow till death. The folk music invokes the traditions as well as the hardworking nature, bravery and many more things that the people of Punjab get from its gateway-to-India geographical location. Due to the large area with many sub-regions, the folk music has minor lingual differences but invokes the same feelings. The sub-regions Bar, Malwa, Doaba, Majha, Pothohar, and hills areas, have numerous folk songs.
Punjabi dance OP Bhangra music which is a genre of Punjabi modern music invented in Britain by the Punjabi diaspora.
Tsarevich Dmitry Ivanovich of Russia (1552–1553)
Dmitry Ivanovich (Russian: Дмитрий Иванович; 11 October [O.S. 1 October] 1552 – 26 June [O.S. 16 June] 1553) was the eldest son of Ivan the Terrible, the Tsar of all Russia, and as such the first Tsarevich (heir apparent). He died in infancy.

Tsar of all Russia
The Tsar of all Russia, formally the Sovereign, Tsar and Grand Prince of all Russia, was the title of the Russian monarch from 1547 to 1721. During this period, the state was a tsardom.

The first Russian monarch to be crowned as tsar was Ivan IV, who had held the title of sovereign and grand prince. In 1721, Peter I adopted the title of emperor and proclaimed the Russian Empire. The old title continued to be popularly used to refer to the emperor.
Ram Nath Shastri
Padma Shri Ram Nath Shastri, known as the "Father of Dogri" for his pivotal role in the revival and resurgence of the Dogri language, was born on 15 April 1914.

In 2001, he was awarded the Sahitya Akademi Fellowship, awarded by the Sahitya Akademi, India's National Academy of Letters, the highest literary honour conferred by the Government of India.

University of Jammu
The University of Jammu informally known as Jammu University (JU), accredited as A++ grade by National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC), was established in 1969 by an act of the state legislature which effectively split the Jammu and Kashmir University into the separate University of Jammu and University of Kashmir.

The university is currently located at the foothills of Trikuta on the banks of the Tawi River. The university has set up seven off-site campuses at Bhaderwah, Kishtwar, Poonch, Reasi, Ramnagar, Kathua and Udhampur. The university is the first university in India to receive the ISO-9001 certification. The university offers undergraduate, postgraduate and doctoral programs. It also affiliates and recognizes colleges.
Chicken nugget
A chicken nugget is a food product consisting of a small piece of deboned chicken meat that is breaded or battered, then deep-fried or baked. Developed in the 1950s by finding a way to make a coating adhere, chicken nuggets have become a very popular fast food restaurant item, and are widely sold frozen for home use. There are also vegetarian "chicken" versions made from meat alternatives that are coated in bread as the standard ones are.

Breadcrumbs
Breadcrumbs are a culinary ingredient consisting of flour or crumbled bread of varying dryness, sometimes with seasonings added. They are used for a variety of purposes, including breading or crumbing foods before frying (such as breaded cutlets like tonkatsu and schnitzel), topping casseroles, stuffing poultry, thickening stews, and adding inexpensive bulk to soups, meatloaves, and similar foods.