hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hiroshi Suga
Hiroshi Suga (管 洋志, Suga Hiroshi) (1945-2013) was a Japanese photographer who is particularly known for his photography of Bali.

Suga was born in Hakata, Fukuoka Prefecture, in 1945. He graduated in photography from Nihon University.

He won the Domon Ken Award in 1987 for photographs of Bali and the Higashikawa Domestic Photographers Award in 1998 for photographs of Burma. He has been a professor at Nihon University.

Domon Ken Award
The Domon Ken Award (土門拳賞, Domon-Ken-shō) is one of Japan's photographic awards.

The award was started in 1981 by the Mainichi Newspapers to mark the 110th birthday of the Mainichi Shimbun, its daily newspaper and main publication, in honor of the photographer Ken Domon. It has been awarded every year since 1982.

The Domon Ken Award is given to a single established photographer for a published book of documentary photographs. Together with sample photographs, an announcement is made in Sunday Mainichi (and previously in Camera Mainichi as well). Award-winning works are shown in the Ginza Nikon Salon and the Domon Ken Photography Museum.

The major rival to this award for attention in the mass media is the Kimura Ihei Award, given annually to one or more newcomers.
Saint-Étienne-au-Mont
Saint-Étienne-au-Mont (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃t‿etjɛn o mɔ̃]; Picard: Sant-Étienne-au-Mont; obsolete Dutch: Sint-Stevensbergen, lit. 'St. Stephen's Mountains') is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France near Boulogne-sur-Mer.

Pas-de-Calais
The Pas-de-Calais (French: [pɑ d(ə) kalɛ] ⓘ, 'strait of Calais'; Picard: Pas-Calés; Dutch: Nauw van Calais) is a department in northern France named after the French designation of the Strait of Dover, which it borders. It has the most communes of all the departments of France, with 887, and is the 8th most populous. It had a population of 1,465,278 in 2019. The Calais Passage connects to the Port of Calais on the English Channel. The Pas-de-Calais borders the departments of Nord and Somme and is connected to the English county of Kent via the Channel Tunnel.
Travis Elborough
Travis Elborough (born 1971, Shoreham-by-Sea, Sussex, England) is the British author of The Bus We Loved: London's Affair With the Routemaster (Granta Books, 2005); The Long-Player Goodbye: The Album From vinyl To iPod And Back Again (Sceptre 2008); and Wish You Were Here - England on Sea (Sceptre 2010) and A Walk in the Park (Jonathan Cape, 2016).

He reviews for The Guardian, and has contributed to New Statesman, The Sunday Times, Zembla and The Oldie.

Shoreham-by-Sea
Shoreham-by-Sea (often shortened to Shoreham) is a coastal town and port in the Adur district, in the county of West Sussex, England. In 2011 it had a population of 20,547.

The town is bordered to its north by the South Downs, to its west by the Adur Valley, and to its south by the River Adur and Shoreham Beach on the English Channel. The town lies in the middle of the ribbon of urban development along the English south coast, approximately equidistant from the city of Brighton and Hove to the east and the town of Worthing to the west. Shoreham covers an area of 2,430 acres (980 ha) and has a population of 20,547 (2011 census).
Talon of the Silver Hawk
Talon of the Silver Hawk is  a fantasy novel by American writer Raymond E. Feist, the first book in the Conclave of Shadows trilogy, part of The Riftwar Cycle. It was preceded by Krondor: Tear of the Gods and is followed by King of Foxes, and concluded in Exile's Return.

Raymond E. Feist
Raymond Elias Feist (/faɪst/; born Raymond Elias Gonzales III; December 21, 1945) is an American fantasy fiction author who wrote The Riftwar Cycle, a series of novels and short stories. His books have been translated into multiple languages and have sold over 15 million copies.
Ring of sets
In mathematics, there are two different notions of a ring of sets, both referring to certain families of sets.

In order theory, a nonempty family of sets  is called a ring (of sets) if it is closed under union and intersection.  That is, the following two statements are true for all sets  and ,

implies  and

implies

In measure theory, a nonempty family of sets  is called a ring (of sets) if it is closed under union and relative complement (set-theoretic difference). That is, the following two statements are true for all sets  and ,

implies  and

implies

This implies that a ring in the measure-theoretic sense always contains the empty set. Furthermore, for all sets A and B,

which shows that a family of sets closed under relative complement is also closed under intersection, so that a ring in the measure-theoretic sense is also a ring in the order-theoretic sense.

Empty set
In mathematics, the empty set or void set is the unique set having no elements; its size or cardinality (count of elements in a set) is zero. Some axiomatic set theories ensure that the empty set exists by including an axiom of empty set, while in other theories, its existence can be deduced. Many possible properties of sets are vacuously true for the empty set.

Any set other than the empty set is called non-empty.

In some textbooks and popularizations, the empty set is referred to as the "null set".  However, null set is a distinct notion within the context of measure theory, in which it describes a set of measure zero (which is not necessarily empty).
Rhein-Münsterland-Express
The Rhein-Münsterland-Express (RE 7) is a Regional-Express service in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW). The hourly service initially runs to the south east from Krefeld via Neuss to Cologne and then turns to run to the northeast via Solingen, Wuppertal, Hagen to Münster. Every two hours it continues to Rheine.

Wuppertal Hauptbahnhof
Wuppertal Hauptbahnhof (German for Wuppertal central station) is a railway station in the city of Wuppertal, just south of the Ruhr Area, in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia.  It is on the line between Düsseldorf/Cologne and Dortmund. The 1848 reception building is one of the oldest of its kind. The station was originally Elberfeld station and has been renamed several times since. Since 1992, it has been called Wuppertal Hauptbahnhof. Wuppertal Hauptbahnhof is also the site of lost luggage operations for Deutsche Bahn.
Philippe Naillet
Philippe Naillet (born 14 August 1960 in Saint-Denis, Reunion) is a French politician. A member of the Socialist Party and a municipal councillor of Saint-Denis, he was the substitute for Ericka Bareigts, the successful candidate for Réunion's 1st constituency in the 2012 election.  He replaced Bareigts when she was appointed Minister of Overseas France in 2016 and served as deputy until the 2017 election.

2012 French legislative election
Legislative elections were held in France on 10 and 17 June 2012 (and on other dates for small numbers of voters outside metropolitan France) to select the members of the 14th National Assembly of the Fifth Republic, a little over a month after the presidential election run-off held on 6 May.

All 577 single member seats in the assembly, including those representing overseas departments and territories and French residents overseas, were contested using a two-round system.
1972 Illinois State Comptroller election
Comptroller was a newly formed office, created by the 1970 Constitution of Illinois to replace the office of Auditor of Public Accounts, of which the outgoing incumbent was Democrat Michael Howlett, who instead opted to run for Secretary of State. Republican George W. Lindberg was elected the inaugural Illinois Comptroller.

Constitution of Illinois
The Constitution of the State of Illinois is the governing document of the state of Illinois. There have been four Illinois Constitutions, with the fourth version adopted in 1970. That constitution is referred to as the "Constitution of Illinois of 1970" or less formally as the "1970 Constitution" even though there have been amendments to it after 1970. Important features of the 1970 Constitution include the creation of home rule powers for larger municipalities and other units of local government.
Atlantic and Gulf Railroad (1991–1999)
The Atlantic and Gulf Railroad (reporting mark AGLF) was a shortline railroad that previously operated 77 miles (124 km) of track between Thomasville and Sylvester, Georgia, via Albany.  The Atlantic & Gulf was created in 1991 from former CSX tracks and currently exists as part of the Georgia & Florida Railway, a subsidiary of OmniTRAX.

Sylvester, Georgia
Sylvester is the county seat of Worth County, Georgia, United States. The population was 5,644 in 2020. The city is the county seat and business center of Worth County and is claimed to be the Peanut Capital of the World due to its peanut production.
Saline di Margherita di Savoia
41°23′21″N 16°03′48″E﻿ / ﻿41.38917°N 16.06333°E﻿ / 41.38917; 16.06333

Saline di Margherita di Savoia is a salt marsh in the Province of Barletta-Andria-Trani in Apulia. The marsh is on the coast of Italy bordering the Gulf of Manfredonia in the Adriatic Sea. The marsh consists of several canals running longitudinally and transversely relative to the coast. Two channels connect the marsh to the Carapelle River. Trinitapoli is south of the marsh, Zapponeta is further north along the coast from the marsh and Margherita di Savoia is further south along the coast from the marsh.

Margherita di Savoia, Apulia
Margherita di Savoia is a town and comune in the Province of Barletta-Andria-Trani (Apulia, southern Italy). It was given this name in 1879 in honour of Queen Margherita of Savoy, previously it had been known as Saline di Barletta.
Hypogymnia papilliformis
Hypogymnia papilliformis is a rare species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Found in China and the Russian Far East, it was formally described as a new species in 2015 by Bruce McCune, Svetlana Tchabanenko, and Xin Li Wei. The type specimen was collected by the second author in the Lazovsky Nature Reserve (Primorsky Krai, Russia) at an altitude of 600 m (2,000 ft); here, in a mixed conifer–broadleaved forest, it was found growing on Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis). The lichen has also been recorded from a mixed forest in the mountains of Shaanxi Province in China, at an altitude of 1,500 m (4,900 ft). The specific epithet papilliformis alludes to the papillose texture (i.e., covered with pimple-like structures) of the upper thallus surface. Secondary compounds that occur in Hypogymnia papilliformis include atranorin, and physodic acid as major metabolites, and minor amounts of 2'-O-methylphysodic acid and vittatolic acid.

Atranorin
Atranorin is a chemical substance produced by some species of lichen. It is a secondary metabolite belonging to a group of compounds known as depsides. Atranorin has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, cytotoxic, antioxidant, antiviral, and immunomodulatory properties. In rare cases, people can have an allergic reaction to atranorin.
Mosagallu
Mosagallu (transl. Deceivers) is a 2021 Indian Telugu-language Techno-thriller film directed by Jeffrey Gee Chin, and written and produced by Vishnu Manchu under the banner of AVA Entertainment and 24 Frames Factory. The film is based on the true events of a large-scale technical support scam and features an ensemble cast that includes Vishnu Manchu, Kajal Aggarwal, Suniel Shetty, Ruhi Singh, Navdeep, and Naveen Chandra.

Principal photography began in June 2019. The film was scheduled to be released on 5 June 2020 but was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The film was made on an estimated budget of ₹51 crore (US$7 million), which was considered as false information by Manchu after watching movie's content and quality.

The Telugu version of the film was released on 19 March 2021 along with its dubbed versions in Hindi, Tamil and Kannada as Anu and Arjun, and in Malayalam as Arjun and Anu. Mosagallu was a box-office bomb.

AVA Media
AVA Media is a Kurdish broadcasting station, based in Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. It started its broadcast on March 20, 2019, with television programs in the Kurdish dialects of Sorani and Kurmanci, as well as English. The channel is founded and owned by Mustafa Bayram.
1992–93 National Division 2
The 1992–93 National Division 2 (sponsored by Courage Brewery) was the sixth season of the second tier of the English rugby union league system, the Courage Clubs Championship, currently known as Champ Rugby. New teams to the division included Nottingham and Rosslyn Park who were relegated down from the top flight, while West Hartlepool, Fylde and Richmond were promoted up from tier 3.

At the sixth attempt, Newcastle Gosforth the champions, were promoted to the 1993–94 National Division 1. Due to next seasons restructuring of teams in the top two divisions, second placed Waterloo did not gain promotion and seven teams were relegated to the 1993–94 National Division 3. They were Bedford, Rosslyn Park, Richmond, Blackheath, Coventry, Flyde and Morley. Rosslyn Park were relegated for the second successive season.

Fylde RFC
Fylde Rugby Union Club /ˈfaɪld/ is a rugby union club based in Lytham St Annes, on the Fylde coast in Lancashire, England. The home venue is the Woodlands Memorial Ground on Blackpool Road in Ansdell and the first team play in English rugby's National League 2 North, the fourth tier of the English rugby union system, following their relegation from National League 1 at the end of the 2017–18 season. There are another two senior teams, the Hawks and the Vandals, who play in the English North West Leagues, in the NW Premiership and NW3 North. There is also a Colts team. In previous seasons the Colts have played in the Lancashire & Cheshire regional leagues.
Princeton Katzenjammers
The Princeton Katzenjammers are the oldest co-educational collegiate a cappella group in the Ivy League. The group consists of fourteen to eighteen Princeton University students and holds auditions at the beginning of each semester. Its repertoire includes a wide variety of musical styles, with an emphasis on jazz, pop, and classical.

Their fifth album, "Midnight Comes Around" (1995), earned the group nominations in all Mixed Collegiate categories of the 1996 Contemporary A Cappella Recording Awards, winning the Best Arrangement award for Rick Hoffenberg '94's arrangement of Thelonious Monk's jazz standard "'Round Midnight," which was also selected for the "Best of College A Cappella" collection in 1996. CASA declared it "one of the finest vocal jazz tracks ever recorded by a collegiate group."

Miracles of Modern Science
Miracles of Modern Science (or MOMS) is an American independent band formed at Princeton University in 2005. The band is composed of Evan Younger (double bass, lead vocals), Josh Hirshfeld (mandolin, vocals), Kieran Ledwidge (violin), Geoff McDonald (cello), and Serge Terentev (drums). Their musical style stems from modern orchestrations for classical string instruments.
Marmyzhi, Konyshyovsky District, Kursk Oblast
Marmyzhi (Russian: Мармыжи) is a rural locality (Russian: деревня, lit. 'village') in Mashkinsky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Konyshyovsky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population:  81 (2010 Census); 163 (2002 Census);

Kursk Oblast
Kursk Oblast (Russian: Курская область, romanized: Kurskaya oblastʹ, IPA: [ˈkurskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Kursk. As of the 2021 census, Kursk Oblast had a population of 1,082,458.
P̃
P̃ (majuscule: P̃, minuscule: p̃) is a Latin P with a diacritical tilde. It is or was used as a grapheme in some languages of Vanuatu, such as North Efate, South Efate and Namakura, to represent a sound [k͡p], like the ⟨c⟩ in "cat" and ⟨p⟩ in "pay", pronounced simultaneously. It is also used in the Yanesha' language.

The letter was introduced by missionaries and has been in use for over a hundred years.

In Bislama, the lingua franca of Vanuatu, p with tilde is called snekpi "snake-P".

In Old English, it was used as a contraction of the penny, as in ⋅cxx⋅ p̃. ("120 pence").

Tilde
The tilde (/ˈtɪldə/, also /ˈtɪld, -di, -deɪ/) is a grapheme ⟨˜⟩ or ⟨~⟩ with a number of uses. The name of the character came into English from Spanish tilde, which, in turn, came from the Latin titulus, meaning 'title' or 'superscription'. Its primary use is as a diacritic (accent) in combination with a base letter. Its freestanding form is used in modern texts mainly to indicate approximation.
Pipe Dreams (Whirr album)
Pipe Dreams is the debut studio album by the shoegaze band Whirr, released on March 13, 2012 by Tee Pee Records. The album served as a follow-up to Distressor, the band's critically acclaimed debut EP.

Whirr
Whirr (originally known as Whirl) is an American shoegaze band from Modesto, California. Formed in 2010, the group currently consists of vocalist and guitarist Loren Rivera, guitarists Nick Bassett and Joseph Bautista, bassist Eddie Salgado, and drummer Devin Nunes.
Inorganic chemistry
Inorganic chemistry deals with synthesis and behavior of inorganic and organometallic compounds. This field covers chemical compounds that are not carbon-based, which are the subjects of organic chemistry. The distinction between the two disciplines is far from absolute, as there is much overlap in the subdiscipline of organometallic chemistry. It has applications in every aspect of the chemical industry, including catalysis, materials science, pigments, surfactants, coatings, medications, fuels, and agriculture.

Methylmercury
Methylmercury is an organometallic cation with the formula [CH3Hg]+. It is the simplest organomercury compound. Methylmercury is extremely toxic, and its derivatives are the major source of organic mercury for humans. It is a bioaccumulative environmental toxicant with a 50-day elimination half-life in human blood. Methylmercury salts along with dimethylmercury are the causative agents of the infamous Minamata disease.

Methylmercury is designated as a "priority hazardous substance" according to the Directive on Environmental Quality Standards (Directive 2013/39/EU).

The process which creates methylmercury is called mercury methylation.
Sør-Trøndelag (newspaper)
Sør-Trøndelag is a local online and print newspaper published in Orkanger, Norway. It covers the municipalities of Orkland, Skaun, Heim, Rennebu, and Rindal. Published in tabloid format, the newspaper had a circulation of 6,805 in 2013. The newspaper is owned by Polaris Media. It has five weekly issues, on Mondays through Saturdays. The newspaper was founded in 1908 as Søndre Trondhjems Amtstidende.

Heim Municipality
Heim is a municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It was established on 1 January 2020 upon the merger of three other municipalities. It is located in the traditional district of Fosen. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Kyrksæterøra. Other villages in Heim include Betna, Engan, Halsa, Heim, Hellandsjøen, Hennset, Hjellnes, Holla, Klevset, Liabøen, Todalen, Valsøyfjord, Valsøybotn, Vinjeøra, and Ytre Snillfjord.

The 1,025-square-kilometre (396 sq mi) municipality is the 113th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Heim Municipality is the 161st most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 6,093. The municipality's population density is 5.9 inhabitants per square kilometre (15/sq mi) and its population has increased by 5% over the previous 10-year period.
Shell Lake (Wisconsin)
Shell Lake is a lake in Washburn County, Wisconsin, in the United States. This lake was named for the shape of the lake that resembles the shells of freshwater bivalves. The Shell Lake Municipal Airport is located on a peninsula on the western shoreline of the lake.

Washburn County, Wisconsin
Washburn County is a county  in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. It is named after Governor Cadwallader C. Washburn. As of the 2020 census, the population was 16,623. Its county seat is Shell Lake. The county was created in 1883. The county is considered a high-recreation retirement destination by the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
Lizq
Lizq is an archaeological site in Ash Sharqiyah, Oman. Located on a mountain lying in a plain, 1,000 metres (1,100 yd) south-east of the south-eastern edge of the Lizq palm garden, the fort dates to the Lizq-Rumaylah/Early Iron Age.

Ash Sharqiyah Region (Oman)
Ash-Sharqiyyah Region (Arabic: ٱلْمِنْطَقَة ٱلشَّرْقِيَّة, romanized: Al-Minṭaqah Ash-Sharqiyyah, lit. 'The Eastern Region') was the eastern minṭaqah (region) of the Sultanate of Oman. The capital of Ash-Sharqiyyah was Sur. On 28 October 2011 Ash Sharqiyah Region was split into Ash Sharqiyah North Governorate and Ash Sharqiyah South Governorate.

Ash Sharqiyah Region consisted of eleven provinces (Wilāyāt): Sur, Ibra, Al-Mudhaibi, Al-Kamil Wal-Wafi, Jalan Bani Bu Hassan, Jalan Bani Bu Ali, Wadi Bani Khalid, Dema Wa Thaieen, Bidiya, Al-Qabil, and Massirah. The main cities are Sur and Ibra.
European Association for Osseointegration
EAO asbl, operating as the European Association for Osseointegration (EAO) is a non-profit organisation founded in Munich in 1991 (1991) to serve as an international, interdisciplinary and independent science-based forum for all professionals interested in the art and science of Osseointegration.

Its headquarters are in Ixelles, Brussels, Belgium.

Ixelles
Ixelles (French, pronounced [iksɛl] ⓘ) or Elsene (Dutch, pronounced [ˈɛlsənə] ⓘ) is one of the 19 municipalities of the Brussels-Capital Region, Belgium. Located to the south-east of Brussels' city centre, it is geographically bisected by the City of Brussels. It is also bordered by the municipalities of Auderghem, Etterbeek, Forest, Uccle, Saint-Gilles and Watermael-Boitsfort.

As of 1 January 2023, the municipality had a population of 88,521 inhabitants. The total area is 6.41 km2 (2.47 sq mi), which gives a population density of 13,807/km2 (35,760/sq mi). In common with all of Brussels' municipalities, it is legally bilingual (French–Dutch). It is generally considered an affluent area of the region, and is particularly noted for its communities of European and Congolese immigrants.
Malta National Aquarium
The Malta National Aquarium (Akkwarju Nazzjonali ta' Malta in Maltese) is the largest aquarium in Malta.

It is located in Qawra, in the northern part of the island of Malta, and it hosts more than 175 different species of various animals, including fish, mollusca, reptiles and insects.

Malta (island)
Malta is an island in Southern Europe. It is the largest and most populous of the three major islands that constitute the Maltese Archipelago and the country of Malta. The island is situated in the Mediterranean Sea directly south of Italy and north of Libya. It lies south-east of the smaller islands of Gozo and Comino. The island is 27 kilometres (17 mi) long and 14.5 kilometres (9 mi) wide, with a total area of 246 square kilometres (95 sq mi). The capital is Valletta, while the largest locality is Rabat. The island is made up of many small towns, which together form one larger urban zone with a population of 409,259. The landscape is characterised by low hills with terraced fields.
Daria de Pretis
Daria de Pretis (born 31 October 1956) is an Italian jurist,  Constitutional Judge of the Constitutional Court of Italy from 11 November 2014 to 11 November 2023 and a Law Professor. Previously she served as Rector of the University of Trento. She studied law at the University of Bologna and at the Free University of Berlin.

Constitutional Court of Italy
The Constitutional Court of the Italian Republic (Italian: Corte costituzionale della Repubblica Italiana) is the highest court of Italy in matters of constitutional law. Sometimes, the name Consulta is used as a metonym for it, because its sessions are held in Palazzo della Consulta in Rome.