hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Swimming at the 2013 Mediterranean Games – Men's 100 metre breaststroke
The men's 100 metre breaststroke competition of the swimming events at the 2013 Mediterranean Games took place on June 21 at the Mersin Olympic Swimming Pool in Mersin, Turkey.

The race consisted of two lengths of the pool in breaststroke.

Mersin
Mersin (pronounced [ˈmæɾsin]) is a large city and port on the Mediterranean coast of southern Turkey. It is the provincial capital of the Mersin Province (formerly İçel). It is made up of four district governorates, each having its own municipality: Akdeniz, Mezitli, Toroslar and Yenişehir.

A larger metropolitan region which combines Mersin with Tarsus and Erdemli houses more than 1.7 million inhabitants. Çukurova International Airport (COV) situated 50 kilometres (31 miles) from Mersin city centre, is its closest international airport. There are ferry services from Mersin to Famagusta (Mağusa) in Northern Cyprus. Mersin is linked to Adana via Tarsus by way of TCDD trains.
Mandarin Oriental, Tokyo
35°41′12.86″N 139°46′23″E﻿ / ﻿35.6869056°N 139.77306°E﻿ / 35.6869056; 139.77306

Mandarin Oriental, Tokyo is a luxury hotel located in the Nihonbashi Mitsui Tower in Tokyo’s Nihonbashi neighborhood, close to Tokyo Station and Tokyo Stock Exchange.  The hotel, opened on 2 December 2005, is managed by Mandarin Oriental Hotel Group. The hotel contains 178 guestrooms and suites as well as ten restaurants and bars.  Among the restaurants, Sense, Signature and Tapas Molecular Bar have each been awarded Michelin Stars. Additionally, the hotel operates a spa, which, in 2011, was named by Conde Nast Traveller readers as one of the Top 25 spas in the world.

Condé Nast Traveller
Condé Nast Traveller is a British travel magazine published by Condé Nast. The magazine is aimed at readers interested in travel, with an emphasis on high-end and independent experiences.

The publication differs from the American edition primarily through the spelling of its name and the inclusion of original content tailored to a UK readership. Some features may be adapted from the American edition to suit the British market.
Nils Slaatto
Nils Slaatto (22 June 1922 – 16 March 2001) was for more than two decades one of Norway's most prominent and influential architects, having a strong and distinctive impression on Norwegian architecture. Slaatto cooperated with Kjell Lund in an architectural firm partnership for many years.

Lillestrøm (town)
Lillestrøm is a town located some 18 km (11 mi) east-northeast of Oslo, the capital city of Norway. With a population of 14,379 inhabitants (18,805 including Kjeller), it is the administrative centre of Lillestrøm Municipality in Akershus County, and lies within the traditional district of Romerike.
Nothojafnea
Nothojafnea is a genus of two species of cup fungi. It was originally described by Indonesian mycologist Mien Achmad Rifai in 1968 to contain the type species Nothojafnea cryptotricha, found in Australia. N. thaxteri, known from Chile and Argentina, was added to the genus in 1971. Both species are thought to be ectomycorrhizal; N. cryptotricha associates with Myrtaceae, while N. thaxteri is found with Nothofagus.

Nothojafnea is traditionally classified in the family Pyronemataceae, due to its ornamented spores and apothecial hairs. Recent molecular evidence suggests that the South American  N. thaxteri represents an early diverging lineage in the Tuberaceae, closely related to the Australasian genera Reddellomyces, Labyrinthomyces, and Dingleya.

Tuberaceae
The Tuberaceae (/ˌtjuːbəˈreɪsii/) are a family of mycorrhizal fungi, in the order Pezizales, that evolved during or after the first major adaptive radiation of Angiosperms in the Jurassic period (140–180 million years ago, Mya).  It includes the genus Tuber, which includes the so-called "true" truffles. It was characterized by the Belgian botanist Barthélemy Charles Joseph du Mortier in 1822. A molecular study of ribosomal DNA by mycologist Kerry O'Donnell in 1997 found that a small clade now redefined as Helvellaceae is most closely related to the Tuberaceae. The mycologist Mary Cloyd Burnley Stifler studied and described this fungal family, donating specimens to herbariums across the United States.
Odesa Oblast Council
The Odesa Oblast Council (Ukrainian: Одеська обласна рада) is the regional oblast council (parliament) of the Odesa Oblast located in Southern Ukraine.

Council members are elected for five year terms. In order to gain representation in the council, a party must gain more than 5 percent of the total vote.

Gennadiy Trukhanov
Gennadiy Leonidovich Trukhanov (born 17 January 1965) is a Ukrainian former politician. He was the mayor of Odesa from 2014 until 2025, when President of Ukraine Volodymyr Zelenskyy revoked his Ukrainian citizenship.
David Chubinashvili
David Chubinashvili (Georgian: დავით ჩუბინაშვილი; September 26, 1814 – June 5, 1891), otherwise known as David Yesseevich Chubinov (or Tchoubinoff, Russian: Давид Йессеевич Чубинов) by the Russified form of his name, was a Georgian lexicographer, linguist, and scholar of old Georgian literature.

Culture of Georgia (country)
The culture of Georgia has evolved over the country's long history, providing it with a unique national identity and a strong literary tradition based on the Georgian language and alphabet. This strong sense of national identity has helped to preserve Georgian distinctiveness despite repeated periods of foreign occupation.
Czarnowo, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship
Czarnowo [t͡ʂarˈnɔvɔ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zławieś Wielka, within Toruń County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It is located on the Vistula in Chełmno Land within the historic region of Pomerania.

The main historic landmark of the village is the medieval Gothic Saint Martin church from the 13th-14th century.

Toruń County
Toruń County (Polish: powiat toruński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, north-central Poland. It was created on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Toruń, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The only town in Toruń County is Chełmża, which lies nineteen kilometers (twelve miles) north of Toruń.

The county covers an area of 1,229.71 square kilometres (474.8 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 107,641, out of which the population of Chełmża is 14,503  and the rural population is 93,138.
1936 Wimbledon Championships – Men's doubles
Jack Crawford and Adrian Quist were the defending champions, but lost in the third round to Jean Borotra and Jacques Brugnon.

Pat Hughes and Raymond Tuckey defeated Charles Hare and Frank Wilde in the final, 6–4, 3–6, 7–9, 6–1, 6–4 to win the gentlemen's doubles tennis title at the 1936 Wimbledon Championship.

Frank Wilde
Frank Herbert David Wilde (1 March 1911 – 6 February 1982) was a British tennis and table tennis player who played in the Davis Cup. He reached the final of the Wimbledon Championships on three occasions, twice in the men's doubles and once in mixed doubles.
Bradysaurus
Bradysaurus is a genus of large, primitive and widespread pareiasaur. They possessed a covering of armoured scutes, likely serving as defense against their main predators, the gorgonopsians.

Fossils of Bradysaurus are known from the Tapinocephalus Assemblage Zone (Capitanian age) of the South African Karoo. Along with the similarly large dinocephalia, the bradysaurs constituted the herbivorous megafauna of the late Middle Permian Period.

Capitanian
In the geologic timescale, the Capitanian is an age or stage of the Permian. It is also the uppermost or latest of three subdivisions of the Guadalupian Epoch or Series. The Capitanian lasted between 264.28 and 259.51 million years ago. It was preceded by the Wordian and followed by the Wuchiapingian.

A significant mass extinction event occurred at the end of this stage, which was associated with anoxia and acidification in the oceans and possibly caused by the volcanic eruptions that produced the Emeishan Traps. This extinction event may be related to the much larger Permian–Triassic extinction event that followed about 10 million years later.
Katrina Markoff
Katrina Markoff (born 1973) is an American entrepreneur and chocolatier. She is the founder and CEO of Violet Flame Chocolate, a gourmet chocolate company based in Chicago and founder of Vosges Chocolat. She was chosen as the Women Entrepreneur of the Year in 2007 by Open American Express & Entrepreneur Magazine. She is the recipient of Fortune Magazine's 40 under 40, the Bon Appétit Food Artisan of the Year Award, and was named "the innovator in chocolate to lead the US through the next 30 years" by Food & Wine Magazine.

Food & Wine
Food & Wine is an American monthly magazine published by People Inc.. It was founded in 1978 by Ariane and Michael Batterberry.  It features recipes, cooking tips, travel information, restaurant reviews, chefs, wine pairings and seasonal/holiday content and has been credited by The New York Times with introducing the dining public to "Perrier, the purple Peruvian potato and Patagonian toothfish".

The premier event for the magazine is the Food & Wine Classic in Aspen, Colorado. The Classic features wine tasting, cooking demonstrations, and featured speakers as well as a cooking competition. Held annually in June, the event is considered the kickoff to the Aspen summer season and celebrated its 40th anniversary in 2023.

The winner of Top Chef, the reality television cooking competition, is featured in a spread in this magazine.
Khadija Sultana
Khadija Sultana (1600 – died after 1665) was the regent of the Bijapur Sultanate between 1656 and 1661.

She was the daughter of Sultan Muhammad Qutb Shah, married to Mohammed Adil Shah, Sultan of Bijapur and possible mother of Ali Adil Shah II, and acted as the regent for him during his minority.

Ali Adil Shah II
Ali Adil Shah II (Urdu: علی عادل شاه دوم, romanized: ʿAlī ʿĀdil Shāh; died 24 November 1672) was the 8th Sultan of Bijapur. He succeeded to the throne of Bijapur through the efforts of the Prime Minister Khan Muhammad and the Queen, Badi Sahiba, sister of Qutb Shah of Golkonda on the death of Mohammed Adil Shah of Bijapur on 4 November 1656.

His accession signaled disasters to the Kingdom and his reign marked the decline of the Bijapur Kingdom.
2023–24 Washington Capitals season
The 2023–24 Washington Capitals season was the 50th season (49th season of play) for the National Hockey League (NHL) franchise that was established on June 11, 1974.

The Capitals returned to the playoffs after missing them for the first time since 2013–14 season (and only the second time since 2006–07), ending their eight-season playoff streak, and attempted to win the team's second Stanley Cup and their first since 2018. The Capitals clinched the final playoff spot in the Eastern Conference on April 16, 2024, following a 2–1 victory over the Philadelphia Flyers. The 91 point total is the lowest point to make the playoffs in the east since the 2009–10 Philadelphia Flyers and the 2009–10 Montreal Canadiens. During the playoffs, the Capitals faced a first round sweep by the Presidents' Trophy-winning New York Rangers, marking the first occurrence of such an event in the team's franchise history.

2013–14 Washington Capitals season
The 2013–14 Washington Capitals season was the 40th season for the National Hockey League (NHL) franchise that was established on June 11, 1974. The Capitals failed to make the playoffs for the first time since the 2006–07 season, ending their six-season playoff streak. During this season, the Capitals also set the current NHL record for total shootouts in a season with 21 out of possible 82 games. This would be the last season the Capitals failed to make the playoffs until 2023.
Interleukin-38
Interleukin-38 (IL-38) is a member of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) family and the interleukin-36 (IL-36) subfamily. It is important for the inflammation and host defense. This cytokine is named IL-1F10 in humans and has similar three dimensional structure as IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra). The organisation of IL-1F10 gene is conserved with other members of IL-1 family within chromosome 2q13. IL-38 is produced by mammalian cells may bind the IL-1 receptor type I. It is expressed in basal epithelia of skin, in proliferating B cells of the tonsil, in spleen and other tissues. This cytokine is playing important role in regulation of innate and adaptive immunity.

Interleukin 1 receptor, type I
Interleukin 1 receptor, type I (IL1R1) also known as CD121a (Cluster of Differentiation 121a), is an interleukin receptor. IL1R1 also denotes its human gene.

The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine receptor that belongs to the interleukin-1 receptor family. This protein is a receptor for interleukin 1 alpha (IL1A), interleukin 1 beta (IL1B), and interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL1RA). It is an important mediator involved in many cytokine induced immune and inflammatory responses. This gene along with interleukin 1 receptor, type II (IL1R2), interleukin 1 receptor-like 2 (IL1RL2), and interleukin 1 receptor-like 1 (IL1RL1) form a cytokine receptor gene cluster in a region mapped to chromosome 2q12.
Rae Kushner Yeshiva High School
Rae Kushner Yeshiva High School / Yeshivat HaTichonit Beit Yosef is a four-year private Modern Orthodox yeshiva high school located in Livingston, New Jersey, United States. The school serves students living in areas ranging from Livingston, West Orange, East Brunswick, Highland Park/Edison, Staten Island, Elizabeth and Union County. The affiliated Joseph Kushner Hebrew Academy serves students through eighth grade. As of the 2013–14 school year, the school had an enrollment of 236 students.

Secondary education in the United States
Secondary education is the last six or seven years of statutory formal education in the United States. It reaches the climax with twelfth grade (age 17–18). Whether it begins with sixth grade (age 11–12) or seventh grade (age 12–13) varies by state and sometimes by school district.

Secondary education in the United States occurs in two phases. The first, as classified by the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED), is the lower secondary phase, either called a middle school or junior high school. A middle school is for students sixth grade, seventh grade and eighth grade and a junior high school is only for students in seventh and eighth grade.

The second is the ISCED upper secondary phase, a high school or senior high school for students ninth grade through twelfth grade. There is some debate over the optimum age of transfer, and variation in some states; also, middle school often includes grades that are almost always considered primary school.
Loubaresse, Cantal
Loubaresse (French pronunciation: [lubaʁɛs]; Auvergnat: Lobaressa) is a former municipality located in the Cantal department in Auvergne, southern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune Val-d'Arcomie.

Auvergnat
Auvergnat (/ˌoʊvɛrnˈjɑː/; French pronunciation: [ovɛʁɲa] ⓘ) or Occitan auvergnat (endonym: auvernhat ) is a northern dialect of Occitan spoken in central and southern France, in particular in the former administrative region of Auvergne.

Currently, research shows that there is not really a true Auvergnat dialect but rather a vast northern Occitan linguistic area. 
The word "Auvergnat" is above all a local historiographical creation. According to linguist Jean Roux, "It is by simplification that we use this term, because in no case Auvergnat can be considered as an autonomous linguistic entity".

With around 80,000 speakers in the Auvergne region at the beginning of the 21st century, it is considered to be severely endangered.
Dr. Carl V. Reynolds House
Dr. Carl V. Reynolds House, now known as the Albemarle Inn, is a historic home located at Asheville, Buncombe County, North Carolina. It was built in 1909, and is a three-story, square frame dwelling in the Colonial Revival / Neoclassical style. It features a flat roofed portico with pairs of fluted Corinthian order columns and half-round pilasters. The home was converted into apartments in the 1940s and now houses an inn.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

Inn
Inns are generally establishments or buildings where travelers can seek lodging, and usually, food and drink. Inns are typically located in the country or along a highway. Before the advent of motorized transportation, they also provided accommodation for horses.

An innkeeper is the person who runs an inn.
Noor Pahlavi
Noor Pahlavi (Persian: نور پهلوی; born 3 April 1992) is an American businesswoman, political activist, socialite and member of the former Iranian imperial family. She is the eldest daughter of the exiled crown prince Reza Pahlavi and the granddaughter of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the shah of Iran who was deposed in the wake of the Iranian Revolution.

Socialite
A socialite is a person, typically a woman from a wealthy or aristocratic background, who is prominent in high society. A socialite generally spends a significant amount of time attending various fashionable social gatherings, instead of having traditional employment.
Adriana Bogaard
Adriana Bogaard is a Canadian film and theatrical set and costume designer. She is most noted for her work on the 2023 film Seven Veils, for which she, Phillip Barker and Mark McGann received a Canadian Screen Award nomination for Best Art Direction or Production Design at the 13th Canadian Screen Awards in 2025.

Her prior credits have included the films Flashback and The King Tide, and the television series The Boys and The Handmaid's Tale. She has been a two-time Art Directors Guild Award nominee for Excellence in Production Design for a One-Hour Contemporary Single-Camera Series, receiving nods in 2019 for The Boys and in 2021 for The Handmaid's Tale.

An alumna of the National Theatre School of Canada and the University of British Columbia, she has also been a theatre director, including of her own original play The Passage.

Seven Veils (film)
Seven Veils is a 2023 Canadian drama film written and directed by Atom Egoyan. The film stars Amanda Seyfried as Jeanine, a theatre director who is dealing with repressed trauma as she prepares to mount a production of the opera Salome. Rebecca Liddiard, Douglas Smith, Mark O'Brien, and Vinessa Antoine also star.
Naai Sekar
Naai Sekar (transl. Dog Sekar) is a 2022 Indian Tamil-language science fantasy comedy film directed by debutant Kishore Rajkumar and produced by AGS Entertainment. The film stars Sathish in the titular role, alongside Pavithra Lakshmi (in her film debut), George Maryan, Ganesh, Livingston, Ilavarasu, Sriman, G. Gnanasambandam, Nithya Ravindran and Manobala. It revolves around a man who has his soul swapped with a Labrador Retriever.

The film soundtrack featured three songs with a song composed by Anirudh Ravichander. Naai Sekar was released on 13 January 2022.

Sriman (actor)
Kumaravatha Srinivasa Reddy (born 14 February 1972), better known professionally as Sriman, is an Indian actor who appears primarily in Tamil films, and also some Telugu films. He is primarily known for his prominent character roles in Sethu (1999), Friends (2001) Panchathanthiram (2002), Aayutha Ezhuthu (2004),  Pokkiri (2007), Aegan (2008), Muni 2: Kanchana (2011) and Kanchana 2 (2015). He is the son of noted producer Prakash Reddy. He has acted in over 135 films in his illustrious career.
Luke's variational principle
In fluid dynamics, Luke's variational principle is a Lagrangian variational description of the motion of surface waves on a fluid with a free surface, under the action of gravity. This principle is named after J.C. Luke, who published it in 1967. This variational principle is for incompressible and inviscid potential flows, and is used to derive approximate wave models like the mild-slope equation, or using the averaged Lagrangian approach for wave propagation in inhomogeneous media.

Luke's Lagrangian formulation can also be recast into a Hamiltonian formulation in terms of the surface elevation and velocity potential at the free surface. This is often used when modelling the spectral density evolution of the free-surface in a sea state, sometimes called wave turbulence.

Both the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formulations can be extended to include surface tension effects, and by using Clebsch potentials to include vorticity.

Averaged Lagrangian
In continuum mechanics, Whitham's averaged Lagrangian method – or in short Whitham's method – is used to study the Lagrangian dynamics of slowly-varying wave trains in an inhomogeneous (moving) medium.
The method is applicable to both linear and non-linear systems. As a direct consequence of the averaging used in the method, wave action is a conserved property of the wave motion. In contrast, the wave energy is not necessarily conserved, due to the exchange of energy with the mean motion. However the total energy, the sum of the energies in the wave motion and the mean motion, will be conserved for a time-invariant Lagrangian. Further, the averaged Lagrangian has a strong relation to the dispersion relation of the system.

The method is due to Gerald Whitham, who developed it in the 1960s. It is for instance used in the modelling of surface gravity waves on fluid interfaces, and in plasma physics.
Kunzangdrak Monastery
Kunzangdrak (Tibetan: ཀུན་བཟང་བྲག་, Wylie: kun bzang brag) is a Buddhist sacred site in the Tang Valley of central Bhutan. It lies at an altitude of 3,350 metres (10,990 feet) in the hollow of a cliff.

Kunzangdra is 19 km from Chamkhar Town and takes a half-hour hike to reach there on foot from the road end. It is one of the four sacred cliffs of Guru Rinpoche in Bumthang. The other three are Choedrak, Shukdrak and Thowadrak.

Tang Valley
Tang Valley is one of the four valleys of Bumthang District, Bhutan.

It is located 11 km away from Jakar, the administrative center of Bumthang District, Bhutan. It trails higher up the lake called Mebartsho.
David Weir (politician)
David Weir (23 December 1881 – 22 September 1929) was a member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly.

He was born at Glasgow, Scotland, the son of John Weir and his wife Jeannie (née Kerr) and migrated with his family to Australia the following year. They arrived in Townsville and he was educated at the Townsville Central State School and Townsville Grammar School. He began his working career as a clerk with the Adelaide Steamship Company in 1895 before joining the Queensland Railways and working there as a clerk. In this position he was transferred across the state, including Townsville, Maryborough, and Ipswich.

On 5 July 1907 he married Edith Guymer (died 1960) and together had two sons and a daughter. Weir died in September 1929 and his funeral proceeded from his former residence in Alice Street to the Maryborough Cemetery.

Ipswich, Queensland
Ipswich (/ˈɪpswɪtʃ/ ⓘ) is an urban centre within the City of Ipswich in South East Queensland, Australia. Situated on the Bremer River, it is approximately 40 km (25 mi) west of the Brisbane central business district. Ipswich is renowned for its architectural, natural and cultural heritage, and the city preserves and operates from many of its historical buildings, with more than 6000 heritage-listed sites and over 500 parks. Ipswich was founded in 1827 as a mining settlement, and soon developed into a major commercial and population centre. The suburb of the same name serves as the city's central business district. In the 2021 census, the population of the urban area of Ipswich was 115,913 people.