hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Romance plurals
The plurals of the Romance languages and their historical origin and development are an important area of study in comparative  and historical Romance linguistics. There are two general categories that Romance languages fall into based on the way they form plurals. Languages of the first category, belonging to Western Romance, generally employ a plural suffix morpheme -s (meaning the "sigmatic plural"). Languages of the second category, belonging to Italo-Dalmatian and Eastern Romance, form the plural by changing the final vowel of the singular form, or suffixing a new vowel to it (meaning the "vocalic plural").

There are various hypotheses about how these systems—especially the second—emerged historically from the declension patterns of Vulgar Latin, and this remains an area of much debate and controversy amongst scholars of Romance.

Historical linguistics
Historical linguistics, also known as diachronic linguistics, is the scientific study of how languages change over time. It seeks to understand the nature and causes of linguistic change and to trace the evolution of languages. Historical linguistics involves several key areas of study, including the reconstruction of ancestral languages, the classification of languages into families, (comparative linguistics) and the analysis of the cultural and social influences on language development.

This field is grounded in the uniformitarian principle, which posits that the processes of language change observed today were also at work in the past, unless there is clear evidence to suggest otherwise. Historical linguists aim to describe and explain changes in individual languages, explore the history of speech communities, and study the origins and meanings of words (etymology).
Thirtieth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland
The Thirtieth Amendment of the Constitution (Treaty on Stability, Coordination and Governance in the Economic and Monetary Union) Act 2012 (previously bill no. 23 of 2012) amended the Constitution of Ireland to permit Ireland to ratify the 2012 European Fiscal Compact and to preclude measures taken under the Compact from being held to be inconsistent with the Irish constitution. It was approved by referendum on 31 May 2012, by 60.3% to 39.7%, on a turnout of 50% and was signed into law by President Michael D. Higgins on 27 June 2012.

The decision to hold a referendum on the Fiscal Compact was made by the Irish government following advice from the Attorney General, and was announced by Taoiseach Enda Kenny on 28 February 2012 prior to the signing ceremony.

Tánaiste
The Tánaiste (/ˈtɔːnɪʃtə/ TAW-nish-tə, Irish: [ˈt̪ˠaːn̪ˠəʃtʲə] ⓘ) is the second-ranking member of the government of Ireland and the holder of its second-most senior office. It is the equivalent of the deputy prime minister in other parliamentary systems.

The Tánaiste is appointed by the president of Ireland on the advice of the Taoiseach. The current office holder is Simon Harris, TD, who was appointed on 23 January 2025.
Puerto Rico Highway 723
Puerto Rico Highway 723 (PR-723) is a rural road that goes from the municipality of Aibonito to southern Barranquitas via northeastern Coamo, Puerto Rico. With a length of 9.6 kilometers (6.0 mi), it begins at its intersection with PR-14 on the Pasto–Asomante line, passing through Pulguillas barrio until its end at its junction with PR-143 on the Coamo–Barranquitas municipal line.

Aibonito, Puerto Rico
Aibonito (Spanish pronunciation: [ajβoˈnito]) is a small mountain town and municipality in Puerto Rico located in the Sierra de Cayey mountain range, north of Salinas; south of Barranquitas and Comerío; east of Coamo; and west of Cidra, and Cayey. Aibonito is spread over 8 barrios and Aibonito Pueblo (the downtown area and the administrative center of the city). It is part of the San Juan-Caguas-Guaynabo Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Aibonito is located at a relatively high elevation (its main square is the highest in the island at 732 metres (2,401 ft) above sea level), which makes its climate cooler than most of Puerto Rico's towns.
Minneapolis Millerettes
The Minneapolis Millerettes were an expansion All-American Girls Professional Baseball League team that played for one season in 1944 based in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The Millerettes played home games at Nicollet Park, home of the men's minor league baseball team the Minneapolis Millers.

McFarland & Company
McFarland & Company, Inc., is an American independent book publisher based in Jefferson, North Carolina, that specializes in academic and reference works, as well as general-interest adult nonfiction.

Its president is Rhonda Herman. Its current Editor-in-Chief is Steve Wilson. Its former president and current President Emeritus is Robert Franklin, who founded the company in 1979.

McFarland employs a staff of about 50, and as of 2019 had published 7,800 titles. McFarland's initial print runs average 600 copies per book.
Totem
A totem (from Ojibwe: ᑑᑌᒼ or ᑑᑌᒻ 'doodem') is a spirit being, sacred object, or symbol that serves as an emblem of a group of people, such as a family, clan, lineage, or tribe, such as in the Anishinaabe clan system.

While the word totem itself is an anglicisation of the Ojibwe term (and both the word and beliefs associated with it are part of the Ojibwe language and culture), belief in tutelary spirits and deities is not limited to the Ojibwe people. Similar concepts, under differing names and with variations in beliefs and practices, may be found in a number of cultures worldwide. The term has also been adopted, and at times redefined, by anthropologists and philosophers of different cultures.

Contemporary neoshamanic, New Age, and mythopoetic men's movements not otherwise involved in the practice of a traditional, tribal religion have been known to use "totem" terminology for the personal identification with a tutelary spirit or spirit guide.

People
The term "the people" refers to the public or common mass of people of a polity. As such it is a concept of human rights law, international law as well as constitutional law, particularly used for claims of popular sovereignty. In contrast, a people is any plurality of persons considered as a whole. Used in politics and law, the term "a people" refers to the collective or community of an ethnic group or nation.
Choi (Korean surname)
Choi (Korean: 최; Hanja: 崔) is a Korean family surname. As of the South Korean census of 2015, there were around 2.3 million people by this name in South Korea or roughly 4.7% of the population. In English-speaking countries, it is most often anglicized as Choi, and sometimes also Chey, Choe or Chwe. Ethnic Koreans in the former USSR generally prefer the forms Tsoi or Tsoy, especially as a transcription of the Cyrillic Цой.

Yeongam County
Yeongam ([jʌŋam]) is a city and county in South Jeolla Province, South Korea. Bordered with Mokpo and Naju to the north, Jangheung County to the east, and Haenam and Gangjin to the south, Yeongam County comprises two eups and nine myeons, populated with about 57,000 people, and its county hall is seated in Yeongam-eup.

The Korean Grand Prix was held along the harbor side, at the Korea International Circuit from 2010 to 2013. The track has been designed by the famous race track designer Hermann Tilke. The circuit is part permanent, part temporary. Construction began in 2007, and was completed in September/October 2010. The circuit had a contract to host the Grand Prix until 2016. After that, a 5-year option would have to be picked up to keep the race until at least 2021. However the race was cancelled after 2013.
50–40–90 club
The 50–40–90 club is a statistical achievement used to distinguish players as excellent shooters in the National Basketball Association (NBA), NBA G League, Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA), and college basketball. It requires a player to achieve the criteria of 50% field goal percentage, 40% three-point field goal percentage, and 90% free throw percentage over the course of a regular season, while meeting the minimum thresholds to qualify as a league leader in each category.

In NBA, WNBA, and NBA G League history, only 12 players have recorded a 50–40–90 season, with nine in the NBA, two in the WNBA, and one in the NBA G League. The most recent player to achieve a 50–40–90 season was Napheesa Collier in 2025. Eleven collegiate players have recorded a 50–40–90 season, with Salim Stoudamire and Matt Kennedy recording 50–50–90 seasons.

Salim Stoudamire
Charles Salim Stoudamire (born October 11, 1982) is an American former professional basketball player.

Stoudamire was selected by the Atlanta Hawks in the second round (31st overall pick) of the 2005 NBA draft.
77th Directors Guild of America Awards
The 77th Directors Guild of America Awards, honoring the outstanding directorial achievement in feature films, documentary, television and commercials of 2024, were presented on February 8, 2025, at the Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills, California. The ceremony was hosted by Judd Apatow, who previously hosted the ceremonies in 2018, 2020, 2022, 2023 and 2024. The nominations for the television and documentary categories were announced on January 7, 2025, while the nominations for the feature film categories were announced on January 8, 2025.

Television director
A television director is in charge of the activities involved in making a television program or section of a program. They are generally responsible for decisions about the editorial content and creative style of a program, and ensuring the producer's vision is delivered. Their duties may include selecting cast members, conduct rehearsals, work with set designers, location scouts and art directors, originating program ideas, finding contributors, writing scripts, planning 'shoots', ensuring safety, leading the crew on location, directing contributors and presenters, and working with editors and music supervisors to assemble and make sure the final product meets the producer and director's vision. The work of a television director can vary widely depending on the nature of the program, the practices of the production company, whether the program content is factual or drama, and whether it is live or recorded.
2014 Lunar New Year Cup
The 88th 2014 Lunar New Year Cup (Chinese: 馬年賀歲盃), also known as the Lunar New Year AET Cup 2014 (Chinese: 2014年AET賀歲盃) due to sponsorship reason, is the annual football event held in Hong Kong in Lunar New Year. Citizen are authorised by the Hong Kong Football Association to hold the event.

Citizen AA
The Citizen Athletic Association (Chinese: 公民體育會), simply known as Citizen or TCAA, is a Hong Kong athletic club. Its football team (Chinese: 公民足球隊) currently competes in the Hong Kong First Division, the second tier of Hong Kong football. The club has a long history in playing in the top-tier Hong Kong First Division, but decided to self-relegate in the 2013–14 season after declining to participate in the newly established Hong Kong Premier League.

The club plays its home matches at Happy Valley Recreation Ground.
2022 NASCAR Whelen Modified Tour
The 2022 NASCAR Whelen Modified Tour was the thirty-eighth season of the NASCAR Whelen Modified Tour, a stock car racing tour sanctioned by NASCAR. It began with the New Smyrna Visitors Bureau 200 at New Smyrna Speedway on February 12 and ended with the Virginia is for Racing Lovers 200 at Martinsville Speedway on October 27.

Justin Bonsignore entered the season as the defending series champion. Jon McKennedy won his first championship in the series in 2022.

NASCAR Whelen Modified Tour
The NASCAR Whelen Modified Tour (NWMT) (previously the NASCAR Winston Modified Tour and NASCAR Featherlite Modified Series from 1985 until 2005) is a modified stock car racing series owned and operated by NASCAR in the Modified Division.  The Modified Division is NASCAR's oldest division, and is the only open-wheeled division that NASCAR sanctions. NASCAR Whelen Modified Tour events are mainly held in the northeastern United States, but the 2007 and 2008 tours expanded to the Midwest with the addition of a race in Mansfield, Ohio. The tour races primarily on short oval paved tracks, but the NWMT also has made appearances at larger ovals and road courses.
Ole Avei
Ole Avei (born 13 June 1983 in Wellington, New Zealand) is a retired Samoan International Rugby Union player, who most recently played hooker with Soyaux-Angouleme in the French Pro D2.

Avei began his professional career in 2005 with the Queensland Reds, making his first Super 14 debut in 2006, against the Chiefs in Hamilton. He then went on to play for Waikato in the Air New Zealand Cup in 2008, and in 2010, he signed in France with the Union Bordeaux Bègles for 2 years, extending his contract for a rare 5-year deal over offers from several top clubs, including current champions Stade Toulousain (Toulouse).

Avei made his International debut for Samoa in the 2011 Pacific Nations Cup, in the match against Japan on 2 July 2011. He was then selected to represent Samoa in the 2011 Rugby World Cup in New Zealand and the 2015 Rugby World Cup.

Pro D2
The Pro D2 is the second tier of rugby union club competition division in France. It is operated by Ligue Nationale de Rugby (LNR) which also runs the division directly above, the first division Top 14. Pro D2 was introduced in 2000. It is the world's best-supported second-tier rugby union league.
2015 Copa Verde
The 2015 Copa Verde was the second edition of a football competition held in Brazil, featuring 16 clubs. Pará has three clubs; Amazonas, Distrito Federal, and Mato Grosso have two each; and Acre, Amapá, Espírito Santo, Mato Grosso do Sul, Rondônia, Roraima, and Tocantins each have one.

In the finals, Cuiabá defeated Remo 6–5 on aggregate to win their first title and earn the right to play in the 2016 Copa Sudamericana.

Clube do Remo
Clube do Remo, commonly referred to as Remo, is a Brazilian professional club based in Belém, Pará, founded on 5 February 1905. It competes in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A, the top tier of Brazilian football, as well as in the Campeonato Paraense, the top flight of the Pará state football league.
Ion Ababii
Ion Ababii (born 11 February 1944) is a Moldovan phyisican, specialist in otorhinolaryngology. He was elected as correspondent member (1993) and later on became a full member (2000) of the Moldovan Academy of Sciences. He was Rector of the Nicolae Testemițanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy in Chișinău. He held the position of Minister of Health of Moldova.

Academy of Sciences of Moldova
The Academy of Sciences of Moldova (Romanian: Academia de Științe a Moldovei), established in 1961, is the main scientific organization of Moldova and coordinates research in all areas of science and technology. Ion Tighineanu has been the president of the Academy of Sciences since 9 April 2019.
Table tennis at the 2025 Junior Pan American Games
The table tennis events at the 2025 Junior Pan American Games were held at the Table Tennis Stadium in the SND Complex in Asunción. The event were contested between August 16 and 22, 2025.

A total of seven events were contested. The winner of each singles event qualified for the 2027 Pan American Games in Lima, Peru.

2027 Pan American Games
The 2027 Pan American Games (Spanish: Juegos Panamericanos de 2027), officially the XX Pan American Games (Spanish: XX Juegos Panamericanos) and commonly known as Lima 2027, is an upcoming international multi-sport event governed by the Panam Sports Organization. It will be held from 23 July to 8 August in Lima, the capital of Peru, eight years after the city hosted the 2019 Pan American Games.

Barranquilla, Colombia was initially announced as the host in August 2021. However, the city was stripped of its hosting rights in January 2024 after the country's Ministry of Sports failed to meet contractual obligations, as well as financial reasons.
Yōsuke Kon
Yōsuke Kon (今洋祐) (born September 21, 1978) is a Japanese retired professional ice hockey center.

He played for the Seibu Tetsudo Tokyo between 2001 and 2003; for the Kokudo Tokyo/Seibu Prince Rabbits from 2000 to 2009; for the Oji Eagles from 2009 to 2013; High1 from 2013 to 2014; and the Nippon Paper Cranes between 2014 and 2016. He also played for the Japan national team from 2000 to 2011.

Japan men's national ice hockey team
The Japanese national ice hockey team (Japanese: アイスホッケー男子日本代表 Aisuhokkē Danshi Nippon Daihyō) is the national men's ice hockey of Japan. They are controlled by the Japan Ice Hockey Federation and a member of the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF). As of 2025, Japan is ranked 20th in the IIHF World Ranking and 2nd in Asian Ranking. It currently compete in the IIHF World Championship Division I. They have competed in eight Olympic Games competitions. Team Japan are two-time Asian Winter Games champions (2003, 2007) and won the silver medal at the inaugural IIHF Asia Championship.
Culture of Romania
The culture of Romania is an umbrella term used to encapsulate the ideas, customs and social behaviours of the people of Romania that developed due to the country's distinct geopolitical history and evolution. It is theorized that Romanians and related peoples (Aromanians, Megleno-Romanians, and Istro-Romanians) were formed through the admixture of the descendants of Roman colonists and the indigenous Daco-Thracian people who were subsequently Romanized.

Vasile Alecsandri
Vasile Alecsandri (Romanian pronunciation: [vaˈsile aleksanˈdri]; 21 July 1821 – 22 August 1890) was a Romanian patriot, poet, dramatist, politician and diplomat. He was one of the key figures during the 1848 revolutions in Moldavia and Wallachia. He fought for the unification of the Romanian Principalities, writing "Hora Unirii" in 1856 and giving up his candidacy for the title of prince of Moldavia, in favor of Alexandru Ioan Cuza. He became the first minister of foreign affairs of Romania and was one of the founding members of the Romanian Academy. Alecsandri was a prolific writer, contributing to Romanian literature with poetry, prose, several plays, and collections of Romanian folklore, being considered, alongside Mihai Eminescu, which admired and was inspired by the writings of Alecsandri, as one of the most important Romanian writers in the second half of the 19th century.
Robert Cunningham Humphreys
Robert Cunninghan Humphreys (July 30, 1905 - October 15, 1965) was born in Greenville, Ohio. He was a student at Columbia University from 1926 to 1927.

In 1926, Humphreys was appointed deputy attorney general for the state of New York during the 1926 election when voting machines were used for the first time

Humphreys' early political experience came as publicity director for the Indiana Republican State Committee in the elections of 1932 and 1934. In 1933 Humphreys joined the staff of International News Service (INS) as a political writer, eventually becoming the bureau manager of the Kansas City office. For the 1936 election year, he was assigned by INS to Topeka, Kansas and the Alf Landon presidential campaign. During the time that Humphreys traveled with Landon's campaign train the two men developed a close relationship which was to last until the time of Humphreys' death.

Greenville, Ohio
Greenville is a city in Darke County, Ohio, United States, and its county seat. It is near Ohio's western edge, about 33 miles (53 km) northwest of Dayton. The population was 12,786 at the 2020 census.
OYAP Trust
OYAP Trust, formerly the Oxfordshire Youth Arts Partnership, was a UK-based charity involved in the education of young people through participation in the arts. OYAP aimed to develop skills, confidence and self-esteem and give vulnerable young people access to the creative arts, education, and training opportunities.

OYAP closed its venue in Bicester in December 2023 and the charity closed in 2025.

Charity (practice)
Charity is the voluntary provision of assistance to those in need. It serves as a humanitarian act, and is unmotivated by self-interest. Various philosophical views about charity exist, which are often associated with religion.
Pär Holmgren
Pär Anders Holmgren (born 24 October 1964) is a Swedish meteorologist and politician who has been a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) since 2019. He is a member of the Green Party, part of Greens-European Free Alliance.

Greens–European Free Alliance
The Greens/European Free Alliance (Greens/EFA) is a political group of the European Parliament composed primarily of green political parties.

The group consists of European Green Party (EGP), part of the European Free Alliance (EFA), and members of Volt Europa and European Pirate Party political alliances.
Kohinoor (2015 film)
Kohinoor is a 2015 Indian Malayalam-language heist comedy film, set in the late 1980s. The film is directed by Vinay Govind and features Indrajith Sukumaran and Asif Ali in the lead roles along with an ensemble cast of Aju Varghese, Chemban Vinod Jose, Vinay Forrt, Aparna Vinod, and Shraddha Srinath. It was produced by Asif Ali in his debut film production and was co-produced by Sajin Jaffer and Brijeesh Muhammed under the banner Adam's World of Imagination. Rahul Raj composed the original music.

The film was released on 24 September 2015 to mixed reviews . It released online through Reelmonk for audiences abroad a few weeks later.

Heist film
The heist film or caper film is a subgenre of crime films and the caper story, focused on the planning, execution, and aftermath of a significant robbery.

One of the early defining heist films was The Asphalt Jungle (1950), which according to Film Genre 2000, "almost single-handedly popularized the genre for mainstream cinema". It featured robbers whose personal failings ultimately led to the failure of their robbery. Similar films using this formula were Armored Car Robbery (1950), The Killing (1956), and The Getaway (1972). By the 1990s, heist films began to "experiment and play with these conventions", incorporating elements such as comedy into their stories.
Józef Piłsudski Stadium (Bydgoszcz)
Stadion Miejski im. Józefa Piłsudskiego (English: Józef Piłsudski Municipal Stadium), also known as Polonia Bydgoszcz Stadium (Polish: Stadion Polonii Bydgoszcz), is a multi-purpose stadium in Bydgoszcz, Poland. It is used mostly for motorcycle speedway and association football matches and is the home stadium of Polonia Bydgoszcz speedway and football teams. The stadium has a capacity of 20,000 people and was opened in 1924 by president Stanisław Wojciechowski.

Nicki Pedersen
Nicki Pedersen (born 2 April 1977) is a Danish motorcycle speedway rider. He is a three time world champion having won the World Championship in 2003, 2007 and 2008. He has also won the World Cup with Denmark in 2006, 2008, 2012 and 2014.
Bogaerts International School
Bogaerts International School (also known as BIS) is an international K-12 school founded in 2011 by Yann Bogaerts located in Uccle. The school is located on the outskirts of Brussels, in an area classed as semi-urban while the campus is in a wooded area. The school offers an education to both local Belgian and foreign families.

The school follows an international baccalaureate (IB) curriculum. The school offers a continuum of three programmes of education: the Primary Years Programme (PYP), Middle Years Programme (MYP) and Diploma Programme (DP).

K–12
K–12 (from kindergarten to twelfth grade) is an English language expression that indicates the range of years of publicly supported primary and secondary education found in the United States and Canada, which is similar to publicly supported school grades before tertiary education in several other countries, such as  Armenia, Australia, China, Ecuador, Egypt, India, Iran, the Philippines, South Korea, and Turkey. K–12 refers to the American system which affords authority to local intersectional "districts" which may be specific to a municipality, county, or several regions, depending on population and proximity.