hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kinross-shire
The County of Kinross or Kinross-shire is a historic county and registration county in eastern Scotland, administered as part of Perth and Kinross since 1975. Surrounding its largest settlement and county town of Kinross, the county borders Perthshire to the north and Fife to the east, south and west.

Scotland's second smallest county, Kinross-shire is dominated by Loch Leven, a large inland loch, with two islands and an internationally important nature reserve. One of the islands contains a castle, where Mary, Queen of Scots was once held prisoner. Much of the land in Kinross-shire is fertile agricultural land and most of the inhabitants were originally employed in farming. The gently-rolling farmland surrounding Loch Leven gives way to steep, more rugged terrain at the outskirts of the county.

County town
In Great Britain and Ireland, a county town is usually the location of administrative or judicial functions within a county, and the place where public representatives are elected to parliament. Following the establishment of county councils in England in 1889, the headquarters of the new councils were usually established in the county town of each county; however, the concept of a county town pre-dates these councils.

The concept of a county town is ill-defined and unofficial. Some counties in Great Britain have their administrative bodies housed elsewhere. For example, Lancaster is the county town of Lancashire, but the county council is in Preston. Owing to the creation of unitary authorities, some county towns in Great Britain are administratively separate from the county. For example, Nottingham is separated from the rest of Nottinghamshire, and Brighton and Hove is separate from East Sussex. On a ceremonial level, both are in their own respective counties geographically.
Miriam Schlein
Miriam Schlein (June 6, 1926 – November 23, 2004) was an American author who wrote nearly 100 books (in 5 decades) that helped teach children about animals and more obscure ideas such as space and time. Her books include Discovering Dinosaur Babies (1991), The Dino Quiz Book (1995),  and Before the Dinosaurs (1996).

Schlein died of vasculitis in Manhattan, New York, at age 78, in 2004. The Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library of Yale University contains a collection of her writings, research material, correspondence, clippings, photographs, and slides.

Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library
The Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library is the rare book library and literary archive of Yale University Library in New Haven, Connecticut. It is one of the largest buildings in the world dedicated to rare books and manuscripts and is one of the largest collections of such texts. Established by a gift of the Beinecke family and given its own financial endowment, the library is financially independent from the university and is co-governed by Yale University Library and Yale Corporation.

Situated on Yale University's Hewitt Quadrangle, the building was designed by Gordon Bunshaft of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill and completed in 1963. From 2015 to 2016 the library building was closed for 18 months for major renovations, which included replacing the building's HVAC system and expanding teaching and exhibition capabilities.
Vadiveloo Govindasamy
Vadiveloo s/o Govindasamy (Tamil: வடிவேலு கோவிந்தசாமி; 10 January 1932 – 19 October 2024) was a Malaysian politician who was president of the Malaysian Senate, serving from 13 April 1992 to 12 June 1995. He was also Secretary-General of the Malaysian Indian Congress. After leaving parliament, Vadiveloo continued working as CEO of Tafe College and as a trustee of the Maju Institute of Educational Development.

Vadiveloo died on 19 October 2024, at the age of 92.

Malaysian Indian Congress
The Malaysian Indian Congress (abbrev: MIC; Malay: Kongres India Se-Malaysia), formerly known as Malayan Indian Congress, is a Malaysian political party. Founded in 1946 to advocate for Indian independence from British colonial rule, it turned its focus to the struggle for independence of Malaya (now Malaysia). It positioned itself to represent the Indian community in Malaya and was a founding member of the Alliance along with the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) and Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA), which later became Barisan Nasional. Previously seen as the political representative of Malaysian Indians, it has become increasingly marginalised electorally since 2008.
Interleukin-18 receptor
The interleukin-18 receptor (IL-18R) is an interleukin receptor of the immunoglobulin superfamily.

Endometrial IL-18 receptor mRNA and the ratio of IL-18 binding protein to interleukin 18 are significantly increased in adenomyosis patients in comparison to normal people, indicating a role in its pathogenesis.

IL18BP
Interleukin-18-binding protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL18BP gene.

The protein encoded by this gene is an inhibitor of the proinflammatory cytokine IL18. This protein binds to IL18, prevents the binding of IL18 to its receptor, and thus inhibits IL18-induced IFN-gamma production. This protein is constitutively expressed and secreted in mononuclear cells. The expression of this protein can be enhanced by IFN-gamma. An elevated level of this protein is detected in the intestinal tissues of patients with Crohn's disease. Three transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene.
Kim Seung-kew
Kim Seung-kew (born July 20, 1944), also spelled Kim Seung-gyu, is a South Korean politician, lawyer and jurist who had served as the Minister of Justice from July 2004 to July 2005, and became the Director of the National Intelligence Service on July 5, 2005.

Kim Seung-kew was born in Gwangyang, Zenranan Province, Korea, Empire of Japan. He finished schooling at Suncheon Mesan High School, and graduated from the Seoul National University, Law Department, BL.

Seoul National University
Seoul National University (SNU; Korean: 서울대학교; lit. 'Seoul University') is a public research university in Seoul, South Korea. Founded in 1946 by the merger of ten institutions in the Seoul area, it is one of the SKY universities and a part of the Flagship Korean National Universities.

The university's main campus is located in Gwanak, and two additional campuses are located in Daehangno and Pyeongchang. The university comprises sixteen colleges, one graduate school and nine professional schools. The student body consists of nearly 16,000 undergraduate and 16,000 graduate students.
Webb Subglacial Trench
Webb Subglacial Trench (70°0′S 146°0′E﻿ / ﻿70.000°S 146.000°E﻿ / -70.000; 146.000) is a subglacial trench in the northwest part of Wilkes Subglacial Basin, to the west of Southern Cross Subglacial Highlands, in East Antarctica. The feature was delineated by the Scott Polar Research Institute (SPRI)-National Science Foundation (NSF)-Technical University of Denmark (TUD) airborne radio echo sounding program, 1967–79, and named after Eric Webb (1890–1984), magnetician with the Australasian Antarctic Expedition, 1911-14 (Sir Douglas Mawson).

This article incorporates public domain material from "Webb Subglacial Trench". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

East Antarctica
80°S 80°E﻿ / ﻿80°S 80°E﻿ / -80; 80

East Antarctica, also called Greater Antarctica, constitutes the majority (two-thirds) of the Antarctic continent, lying primarily in the Eastern Hemisphere south of the Indian Ocean, and separated from West Antarctica by the Transantarctic Mountains. It is generally greater in elevation than West Antarctica, and includes the Gamburtsev Mountain Range in the center. The geographic South Pole is located within East Antarctica.

Apart from small areas of the coast, East Antarctica is permanently covered by ice and it has relatively low biodiversity, with only a small number of species of terrestrial plants, animals, algae, and lichens. The coasts are the breeding ground for various seabirds and penguins, and the leopard seal, Weddell seal, elephant seal, crabeater seal and Ross seal breed on the surrounding pack ice in summer.
Debtors' Prison Relief Act of 1792
Debtors' Prison Relief Act of 1792 was a United States federal statute enacted into law by the first President of the United States George Washington on May 5, 1792. The Act of Congress established penal regulations and restrictions for persons jailed for property debt, tax evasion, and tax resistance. The indebtedness penalty was governed as a forbidding act for citizens indebted to colonial provinces. The public law granted a sunset provision limiting the term of the federal statute for the colonial domains.

Tax resistance
Tax resistance (also known as a tax strike or tax revolt) is the refusal to pay tax because of opposition to the government that is imposing the tax, or to government policy, or as opposition to taxation in itself. Tax resistance is a form of direct action and, if in violation of the tax regulations, also a form of civil disobedience. Tax resisters are distinct from "tax protesters", who deny that the legal obligation to pay taxes exists or applies to them. Tax resisters may accept that some law commands them to pay taxes but they still choose to resist taxation.

Examples of tax resistance campaigns include those advocating home rule, such as the Salt March led by Mahatma Gandhi, and those promoting women's suffrage, such as the Women's Tax Resistance League. War tax resistance is the refusal to pay some or all taxes that pay for war and may be practiced by conscientious objectors, pacifists, or those protesting against a particular war.
Blanche McVeigh
Blanche McVeigh (August 23, 1895 – June 1, 1970) was an American printmaker, founder of the Fort Worth School of Fine Arts and Fort Worth Artists Guild, and art educator in Fort Worth, Texas. Known for her mastery of the aquatint medium, McVeigh’s leadership in art education influenced a generation of local artists, particularly members of the group known as the Fort Worth Circle. Her work is represented in several national collections as well as local and private collections.

Visual arts education
Visual arts education is the area of learning that is based upon the kind of art that one can see, visual arts—drawing, painting, sculpture, printmaking, and design in jewelry, pottery, weaving, fabrics, etc. and design applied to more practical fields such as commercial graphics and home furnishings. Contemporary topics include photography, video, film, design, and computer art. Art education may focus on students creating art, on learning to criticize or appreciate art, or some combination of the two.
University of Cumbria
The University of Cumbria is a public university in Cumbria, with its headquarters in Carlisle and other major campuses in Lancaster, Ambleside, and London. It has roots extending back to the Society for the Encouragement of Fine Arts, established in 1822, and the teacher training college established by Charlotte Mason in the 1890s. It opened its doors in 2007 as a university.

Workington
Workington /ˈwɜːrkɪŋtən/ is a coastal port town and civil parish in the Cumberland district of Cumbria, England. The town is at the mouth of the River Derwent on the west coast, 32 miles (51 km) south-west of Carlisle and 8 miles (13 km) north-east of Whitehaven. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 25,448 and the built up area had a population of 21,275.
Shadowgraph
prehistoric shadowgraphy

sunlight shadowgram of a martini glass

"focused" shadowgram of a common firecracker explosion

"Edgerton" shadowgram of the firing of an AK-47 assault rifle

Shadowgraph is an optical method that reveals non-uniformities in transparent media like air, water, or glass. It is related to, but simpler than, the schlieren and schlieren photography methods that perform a similar function. Shadowgraph is a type of flow visualisation.

In principle, a difference in temperature, a different gas, or a shock wave in the transparent air cannot be seen by the human eye or cameras.  However, all these disturbances refract light rays, so they can cast shadows.  The plume of hot air rising from a fire, for example, can be seen by way of its shadow cast upon a nearby surface by the uniform sunlight.

Shadow
A shadow is a dark area on a surface where light from a light source is blocked by an object. In contrast, shade occupies the three-dimensional volume behind an object with light in front of it. The cross-section of a shadow is a two-dimensional silhouette, or a reverse projection of the object blocking the light.
Kim Swoo-geun
Kim Swoo Geun (Korean: 김수근; February 20, 1931 – June 14, 1986) was a prominent South Korean architect, educator, publisher and patron of artists. Along with architect Kim Chung-up (김중업), he is recognised as a significant contributor in the history of Korean architecture. With his support for diverse art genres of Korean culture, he was referred to as Lorenzo de Medici of Seoul by TIME in 1977.

Buyeo National Museum
Buyeo National Museum (Korean: 국립부여박물관) is a national museum located in Buyeo County, South Chungcheong Province, South Korea. Since Buyeo was once the capital of the Baekje kingdom during the Sabi period (538-660), the Museum is fully devoted to the Baekje culture.
Zoya (2020 film)
Zoya (Russian: Зоя, other version of the title is The Passion of Zoya Russian: Страсти о Зое or Russian: Страсти по Зое) is a 2020 Russian biographical war film directed by Maxim Brius and Leonid Plyaskin. The film is based on the life of Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya.

The film premiered on December 13, 2020 at the XXVIII Russian Film Festival "Window to Europe" in the town of Vyborg, and the film was theatrically released in Russia on January 28, 2021, by KaroRental Film Distribution.

Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya
Zoya Anatolyevna Kosmodemyanskaya (Russian: Зо́я Анато́льевна Космодемья́нская, IPA: [ˈzojə kəsmədʲɪˈmʲjanskəjə]; September 13, 1923 – November 29, 1941) was a Soviet partisan. She was executed after acts of sabotage against the invading armies of Nazi Germany. After stories emerged of her defiance towards her captors, she was posthumously declared a Hero of the Soviet Union. She became one of the most revered heroines of the Soviet Union.
Takoyakida
Takoyakida (タコヤキーダー, Takoyakīdā) is a Japanese professional wrestler currently working as a freelancer and is best known for his time in the Japanese promotion Osaka Pro Wrestling. A masked wrestler, Takoyakida is  greatly influenced by lucha libre, and because of this, he has followed Mexican tradition for masked wrestlers, so his real name is not a matter of public record.

Wrestling mask
A wrestling mask is a fabric-based mask that some professional wrestlers wear as part of their in-ring persona or gimmick. Professional wrestlers have been using masks as far back as 1915 and they are still widely used today, especially in Mexican lucha libre.
Welcome (Patrick Nuo album)
Welcome is the debut studio album by Swiss recording artist Patrick Nuo. It was released by Warner Music on September 4, 2003 in German-speaking Europe and reached the top twenty of the German and Swiss Albums Charts.

Swiss Hitparade
The Swiss Hitparade (German: Schweizer Hitparade) is Switzerland's main music sales charts. The charts are a record of the highest-selling singles and albums in various genres in Switzerland.

The Swiss charts include:

Singles Top 75 (released since 1968)

Singles Top 100

Albums Top 100 (released since late 1983)

Compilations Top 20

Airplay Top 30

Streaming Top 100

Swiss Artist Singles Top 10

Swiss Artist Albums Top 10

Vinyl Albums Top 10

Rock Albums Top 5

Pop Albums Top 5

Hip Hop Albums Top 5

Since 2010, Hitparade's compiler Media Control has also set up Les Charts, a record chart of the highest-selling singles and albums in Romandie, the Francophone region of Switzerland:

Romandie Singles Top 20 (discontinued)

Romandie Albums Top 50

The charts are updated weekly on Sundays, and are posted publicly on the preceding Wednesday mornings.
Trochidae
The Trochidae, common name top-snails or top-shells, are a family of various sized sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the subclass Vetigastropoda. This family is commonly known as the top-snails because in many species the shell resembles a toy spinning top.

Vetigastropoda
Vetigastropoda is a major taxonomic group of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks that form a very ancient lineage. Taxonomically the Vetigastropoda are sometimes treated as an order, although they are treated as an unranked clade in Bouchet and Rocroi, 2005.

Vetigastropods are considered to be among the most primitive living gastropods, and are widely distributed in all oceans of the world. Their habitats range from the deep sea to intertidal zones. Many have shells with slits or other secondary openings. One of their main characteristics is the presence of intersected crossed platy shell structure. Most vetigastropods have some bilateral asymmetry of their organ systems.
Ábelová
Ábelová (earlier also Abelová, Jabelová; Hungarian: Ábelfalva, before 1907 Abellehota, before 1873 Abelova) is a village and municipality in the Lučenec District in the Banská Bystrica Region of Slovakia.

Banská Bystrica Region
The Banská Bystrica Region (Slovak: Banskobystrický kraj, pronounced [ˈbanskɔbistritskiː ˈkraj]; Hungarian: Besztercebányai kerület, pronounced [ˈbɛstɛrt͡sɛbaːɲɒi ˈkɛrylɛt]) is one of the eight regions of Slovakia. It is the largest of the eight regions by area, and has a lower population density than any other region. The Banská Bystrica Region was established in 1923; its borders were last adjusted in 1996. Banská Bystrica consists of 514 municipalities, 24 of which have town status. Its administrative center is the eponymous town of Banská Bystrica, which is also the region's largest town. Other important towns are Zvolen and Lučenec.
SurfControl
SurfControl Plc., was a British software company based in Cheshire, England. The company provided website filtering, e-mail filtering and desktop security software for both enterprise and home users.

SurfControl was acquired by Websense on 3 October 2007. The purchase price was approximately £204 million ($416 million), including deferred compensation and stock option expense. Websense plans to continue the SurfControl business until at least 2011. On 2 April 2008, Websense sold CyberPatrol, the SurfControl parental control software product, to newly formed Internet safety software company CyberPatrol, LLC. According to Websense's quarterly report, they received $1.4 million in cash from the sale of CyberPatrol assets.

Prior to being acquired by Websense, SurfControl acquired a British cloud computing company called BlackSpider Technologies Limited in July 2006 for £19.5m in cash.

Deferred compensation
Deferred compensation is an arrangement in which a portion of an employee's wage is paid out at a later date after which it was earned. Examples of deferred compensation include pensions, retirement plans, and employee stock options. The primary benefit of most deferred compensation is the deferral of tax to the date(s) at which the employee receives the income.
Orote Field
Orote Field is a former air base in the United States territory of Guam built by the Empire of Japan with Chamorro forced labor during the Japanese occupation of Guam (1941-1944). It is separate from the Marine Corps amphibious airplane base at located at Sumay village that was operational from 1921 to 1931. Following the liberation of Guam in 1944, the U.S. military repaired the field for further use in the Pacific War.

Located on Naval Base Guam, Orote Field was largely abandoned after World War II except for occasional training exercises. One major event in 1975 was Operation New Life, when a tent city for tens of thousands of South Vietnamese refugees was erected at the field. The field was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.

National Register of Historic Places listings in Guam
This is a list of the buildings, sites, districts, and objects listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Guam. There are currently 134 listed sites spread across 17 of the 19 villages of Guam. The villages of Agana Heights and Mongmong-Toto-Maite do not have any listings.

Listed historic sites include Spanish colonial ruins, a few surviving pre-World War II ifil houses, Japanese fortifications, two massacre sites, and a historic district.  Two other locations that were previously listed have been removed from the Register.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted November 21, 2025.
Chronicles, 1967–1992
Chronicles, 1967–1992 is a compilation album from the band Spirit. It followed on the heels of the previous year's compilation Time Circle, 1968–1972, which had focused on releasing material from the band's first four studio albums. Chronicles concentrates on unreleased material, such as outtakes, alternate and live versions, and some re-recordings.

Spirit (band)
Spirit was an American rock band founded in 1967 and based in Los Angeles. Their most commercially successful single in the United States was "I Got a Line on You". They were also known for their albums, including their self-titled debut album, The Family That Plays Together, Clear, and Twelve Dreams of Dr. Sardonicus.
Shihab al-Din Muhammad al-Nasawi
Shihab al-Din Muhammad al-Nasawi (Persian: شهاب الدین محمد النساوی; died c. 1250) was a Persian secretary and biographer of the Khwarazmshah Jalal al-Din Mangburni (r. 1220–1231). Born in Nasa in Khorasan, he witnessed first-hand the Mongol invasion of Khorasan and Jalal ad-Din's subsequent flight and military adventures of which he left an account written in Arabic c. 1241. He had beforehand written another work, the Nafthat al-masdur, an account of his life prior to 1231, written in Persian c. 1234/5.

Nisa, Turkmenistan
Nisa (Ancient Greek: Νῖσος, Νίσα, Νίσαιον; Turkmen: Nusaý; also Parthaunisa) was an ancient settlement of the Parthians, located near the Bagyr neighborhood of Ashgabat, Turkmenistan, 18 km west of the city center. Nisa is described by some as the first seat of the Arsacid Empire. It is traditionally assumed to have been founded by Arsaces I (reigned c. 250 BC–211 BC) and was reputedly the royal residence of the Parthian kings, although it has not been established that the fortress at Nisa was either a royal residence or a mausoleum.

In 2007, the fortress was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO.
2022–23 Mountain West Conference men's basketball season
The 2022–23 Mountain West Conference men's basketball season began with practices in October followed by the 2022–23 NCAA Division I men's basketball season which started on November 7, 2022. Conference play will begin in December 2022.

The Mountain West tournament will take place in March 2023 at the Thomas & Mack Center in Las Vegas, Nevada.

2023 Mountain West Conference men's basketball tournament
The 2023 Mountain West Conference men's basketball tournament was the postseason men's basketball tournament for the Mountain West Conference. It was held March 8–11, 2023, at the Thomas & Mack Center on the campus of University of Nevada, Las Vegas, in Paradise, Nevada. The tournament champion received the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA tournament.