hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thomasina Jordan
Thomasina Elizabeth Jordan (Red Hawk Woman) (born Eve Claire Schwartz, 1929-1999) was an activist and advocate for American Indian tribes, particularly tribes in the US state of Virginia, who served in the United States Electoral College in 1988 and the 1990s. Jordan self-identified as Mashpee Wampanoag, Penobscot, and Assateague. She was made an honorary member of the Nansemond and Chickahominy tribes.

In 2020, it was reported that all four of Jordan's grandparents were born in Russia and that she was not a Native American woman as previously claimed.

Penobscot
The Penobscot (Abenaki: Pαnawάhpskewi) are an Indigenous people in North America from the Northeastern Woodlands region. They are organized as a federally recognized tribe in Maine.

The Penobscot Nation, formerly known as the Penobscot Tribe of Maine, is the federally recognized tribe of Penobscot in the United States. They are part of the Wabanaki Confederacy, along with the Abenaki, Passamaquoddy, Wolastoqiyik, and Miꞌkmaq nations, all of whom historically spoke Algonquian languages. The Penobscots' main settlement is now the Penobscot Indian Island Reservation, located within the state of Maine along the Penobscot River.
Pistiros Lake
Pistiros Lake (Bulgarian: езеро Пистирос, romanized: ezero Pistiros, IPA: [ˈɛzɛro pisˈtiros]) is the slightly bent southwards rectangular lake, 320 m long in west-east direction and 90 m wide on President Beaches, Byers Peninsula on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. It has a surface area of 2.42 ha, and is separated from the waters of New Plymouth by a 20 to 35 m wide strip of land. The area was visited by early 19th century sealers.

The feature is named after the ancient emporium of Pistiros in Southern Bulgaria.

President Beaches
President Beaches is a series of beaches which extend for 6 nautical miles (11 km) along the broad western end of Byers Peninsula, Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica between Start Point to the north and Devils Point to the south.

The name "West Beaches" was proposed by K.R. Everett, United States Antarctic Research Program (USARP) researcher who made a reconnaissance soil survey in the area during February 1969. The proposed name is locationally appropriate but would be repetitious. The Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) has chosen instead to restore a historical name to the vicinity. In the early part of the 1820–21 season, the Stonington sealers used the name "President's Harbor" (now New Plymouth) for the anchorage immediately off these beaches.
(tyrosine 3-monooxygenase) kinase
In enzymology, a [tyrosine 3-monooxygenase] kinase (EC 2.7.11.6) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

ATP + [tyrosine-3-monooxygenase]  ADP + phospho-[tyrosine-3-monooxygenase]

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are ATP and tyrosine 3-monooxygenase, whereas its two products are ADP and phospho-(tyrosine-3-monooxygenase).

This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring a phosphate group to the sidechain oxygen atom of serine or threonine residues in proteins (protein-serine/threonine kinases).  The systematic name of this enzyme class is ATP:[tyrosine-3-monoxygenase] phosphotransferase. Other names in common use include pheochromocytoma tyrosine hydroxylase-associated kinase, STK4, and tyrosine 3-monooxygenase kinase (phosphorylating).  This enzyme participates in MAPK signaling pathway and non-small cell lung cancer.

Serine
Serine
/ˈsɪəriːn/
(symbol Ser or S) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an α-amino group (which is in the protonated −NH+3 form under biological conditions), a carboxyl group (which is in the deprotonated −COO− form under biological conditions), and a side chain consisting of a hydroxymethyl group, classifying it as a polar amino acid. It can be synthesized in the human body under normal physiological circumstances, making it a nonessential amino acid. It is encoded by the codons UCU, UCC, UCA, UCG, AGU and AGC.
When Can I Have a Banana Again?
When Can I Have a Banana Again? is a 1943 British comedy song which became a Second World War hit for the bandleader Harry Roy. It makes humorous reference to the complete shortage of bananas in Britain. While the singer is able to cope without other foodstuffs rationed in wartime, he laments the total absence of bananas which will only return with an Allied victory. A review in Gramophone described it as "slightly silly but well put over".

The song featured in the 1975 Dad's Army stage show.

Gramophone (magazine)
Gramophone (known as The Gramophone prior to 1970) is a magazine published monthly in London, devoted to classical music, particularly to reviews of recordings. It was founded in 1923 by the Scottish author Compton Mackenzie who continued to edit the magazine until 1961. It was acquired by Haymarket in 1999. In 2013 the Mark Allen Group became the publisher.

The magazine presents the Gramophone Awards each year to the classical recordings which it considers the finest in a variety of categories.

On its website Gramophone claims to be: "The world's authority on classical music since 1923."  This used to appear on the front cover of every issue; recent editions have changed the wording to "The world's best classical music reviews."

Its circulation, including digital subscribers, was 24,380 in 2014.
Demon Front
Demon Front (Chinese: 魔域戰線; pinyin: Móyù Zhànxiàn) is a side-scrolling run and gun arcade game released in 2002 by International Games System. It shares many characteristics with the Metal Slug series.

In April 2023, IGS released the IGS Classic Arcade Collection on the Nintendo Switch, a compilation of eight games originally created for the IGS PolyGame Master. Included in the collection is Demon Front.

Side-scrolling video game
A side-scrolling video game (alternatively side-scroller) is a video game viewed from a side-view camera angle where the screen follows the player as they move left or right. The jump from single-screen or flip-screen graphics to scrolling graphics during the golden age of arcade games was a pivotal leap in game design, comparable to the move to 3D graphics during the fifth generation.

Hardware support of smooth scrolling backgrounds is built into many arcade video games, some game consoles, and home computers. Examples include 8-bit systems like the Atari 8-bit computers and Nintendo Entertainment System, and 16-bit consoles, such as the Super Nintendo Entertainment System and Sega Genesis. These 16-bit consoles added multiple layers, which can be scrolled independently for a parallax scrolling effect.
Joep Baartmans-van den Boogaart
Johanna Lamberdina Maria "Joep" Baartmans-van den Boogaart (16 December 1939, Eindhoven – September 29, 2017) was a Dutch politician. She was a member of the Labour Party (PvdA).

She was a member of the municipal council of Boxmeer, a member of the Provincial Council of North Brabant and a member of the provincial executive. She also served as ad interim mayor of several municipalities in North Brabant: Heusden, Schijndel, Son en Breugel, and Vught.

Provincial Council of North Brabant
The Provincial Council of North Brabant (Dutch: Provinciale Staten van Noord-Brabant), also known as the States of North Brabant, is the provincial council of North Brabant, Netherlands. It forms the legislative body of the province. Its 55 seats are distributed every four years in provincial elections.
Harry McEvoy
Harry McEvoy (16 August 1902 – 3 November 1984) was a British industrialist and food manufacturer. He was born in Bradford, West Yorkshire and educated at Bradford Grammar School before heading to America to study for a business degree at Columbia University. At the end of his studies he became a salesman for a small cereal company in Battle Creek, Michigan run by Will Keith Kellogg. Such was his success that he was promoted and given the task of returning to his native England in order to put the Kellogg Company well and truly on the map there. By 1938 he had established a large factory in Stretford, Greater Manchester, which is still a major force in cereal production today.

Battle Creek, Michigan
Battle Creek is a city in northwestern Calhoun County, Michigan, United States, at the confluence of the Kalamazoo and Battle Creek rivers. As of the 2020 census, the city had a total population of 52,731. It is the principal city of the Battle Creek metropolitan statistical area, which encompasses all of Calhoun County. Nicknamed "Cereal City", it is best known as the home of WK Kellogg Co and the founding city of Post Consumer Brands. In Battle Creek, the Kellogg brothers invented the first cereal by accident in an attempt to make granola.
Primetime Emmy Award for Exceptional Merit in Documentary Filmmaking
The Primetime Emmy Award for Exceptional Merit in Documentary Filmmaking is handed out annually at the Creative Arts Emmy Award ceremony since 2005. Entries are reviewed by a jury on the basis of the "filmmaker's expressed vision, compelling power of storytelling, artistry or innovation of craft, and the capacity to inform, transport, impact, enlighten, and
create a moving and indelible work that elevates the art of documentary filmmaking." Entrants are ineligible for Outstanding Informational Series or Special and Outstanding Documentary or Nonfiction Special.

Creative Arts Emmy Awards
The Creative Arts Emmys are a class of Emmy Awards presented in recognition of technical and other similar achievements in American television programming. They are commonly awarded to behind-the-scenes personnel such as production designers, set decorators, video editors, costume designers, cinematographers, casting directors, and sound editors.

The Creative Arts category includes additional awards for outstanding animated programs, commercials, and guest actors.

The first Creative Arts Emmys were held in 1970 alongside the 22nd Primetime Emmy Awards due to the growing number of categories at the time. The Primetime Creative Arts and Daytime Creative Arts awards are presented at separate Creative Arts ceremonies on the weekend before their respective main Primetime and Daytime ceremonies. The Emmy awards for Sports are presented in a single ceremony, giving both the main and the creative arts awards.
Hereford, Oregon
Hereford is an unincorporated community in Baker County, in the U.S. state of Oregon. Hereford lies along the Burnt River southwest of Baker. It is on Oregon Route 245 northeast of its intersection with U.S. Route 26 in Unity. Hereford is 3,671 feet (1,119 m) above sea level.

Hereford once had a post office, but the area continues to use a ZIP code 97837. It is said that the community was named in the late 19th century for a Hereford bull. A post office was established here on March 7, 1887.

U.S. Route 26 in Oregon
U.S. Route 26 (US 26) is a major cross-state United States Numbered Highway with its western terminus in the U.S. state of Oregon, connecting US 101 on the Oregon Coast near Seaside with the Idaho state line east of Nyssa. Local highway names include the Sunset Highway No. 47, Mount Hood Highway No. 26, and John Day Highway No. 5 before continuing into Idaho and beyond.
East Fork Salmon River
The East Fork Salmon River is a 34-mile (55 km) tributary of the Salmon River, flowing through Custer County, Idaho in the United States. It joins the Salmon River about 3.7 miles (6.0 km) east of Clayton and 17 miles (27 km) south-southwest of Challis. The East Fork Salmon River is formed at the confluence of the West Fork East Fork Salmon River and the South Fork East Fork Salmon River between the Boulder and White Cloud mountains in Sawtooth National Recreation Area.

White Cloud Mountains
The White Cloud Mountains are part of the Rocky Mountains of the western United States, located in central Idaho, southeast of Stanley in Custer County. The range is located within the Sawtooth National Recreation Area (SNRA) and partially within the Cecil D. Andrus–White Clouds Wilderness.

The White Cloud Mountains are located on National Forest land, with numerous trails in the area. Camping is permitted anywhere on the national forest land and there are no fees to access the area. Primary access to the area is via State Highway 75, the Salmon River Scenic Byway, which accompanies the main Salmon River as it descends along the range's western and northern perimeter.

The highest peak in the White Cloud Mountains, and the SNRA, is Castle Peak at 11,815 ft (3,601 m). The Sawtooth Mountains are about twenty miles (32 km) west of the White Clouds, on the west side of the river and highway, and the Boulder Mountains are directly south of the White Clouds.
Manfred Emmel
Manfred Emmel (8 October 1945 – 6 October 2025) was a German para table tennis player who competed in international table tennis competitions. He was an eight-time Paralympic champion in swimming and table tennis. He was notably one of the most successful German para table tennis player in the 1970s and 1980s.

In 1967, Emmel founded the Wheelchair Sports Club (German: Rollstuhl-Sport-Club, RSC) in Frankfurt with Kurt Nicklas who was a physiotherapist for a trauma clinic in Berlin and Alfred Daßbach. Emmel was the chairman for the RSC from 1994 to 2015. The RSC is a sports club for wheelchair users who compete in wheelchair basketball, archery, wheelchair curling, handcycling, wheelchair rugby, wheelchair dancing and table tennis.

Handcycle
A handcycle is a type of human-powered land vehicle powered by the arms rather than the legs, as on a bicycle.  Most handcycles are tricycle in form, with two coasting rear wheels and one steerable powered front wheel. Despite usually having three wheels, they are also known as handbikes.
Banwari Trace
Banwari Trace, an Archaic (pre-ceramic) site in southwestern Trinidad, is the oldest archaeological site in the Caribbean. The site has revealed two separate periods of occupation; one between 7200 and 6100 BP (Strata I and II) and the other between 6100 BP and 5500 BP.

6th millennium BC
The 6th millennium BC spanned the years 6000 BC to 5001 BC (c. 8 ka to c. 7 ka). It is impossible to precisely date events that happened around the time of this millennium and all dates mentioned here are estimates mostly based on geological and anthropological analysis. The only exceptions are the felling dates for some construction timbers from Neolithic wells in Central Europe.

This millennium is reckoned to mark the end of the global deglaciation, which had followed the Last Glacial Maximum and caused sea levels to rise by some 60 m (200 ft) over a period of about 5,000 years.
Bospoort Dam
Bospoort Dam is a gravity/earth-fill type dam on the Hex River, a tributary of the Elands River, part of the Crocodile River (Limpopo) basin. It is located near Rustenburg, North West, South Africa. Its primary purpose is for irrigation.

North West (South African province)
North West (Afrikaans: Noord-Wes [nuərtˈvɛs]; Tswana: Bokone Bophirima) is a province of South Africa. Its capital is Mahikeng. The province is located to the west of the major population centre and province of Gauteng, to the south of the country of Botswana, and southwest of the northernmost province of Limpopo.
Bossiaea riparia
Bossiaea riparia, commonly known as river leafless bossiaea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to south-eastern Australia. It is an erect or low-lying shrub with flattened branches, linear young cladodes, leaves mostly reduced to small scales, and yellow and red flowers.

Phylloclade
Phylloclades and cladodes are flattened, photosynthetic shoots, which are usually considered to be modified branches. The two terms are used either differently or interchangeably by different authors. Phyllocladus, a genus of conifer, is named after these structures.  Phylloclades/cladodes have been identified in fossils dating from as early as the Permian.
Kenn Borek Air
Kenn Borek Air is an airline based in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. It operates regional passenger and cargo services, contract operations in the Arctic and Antarctic and aircraft leasing. Its main base is at Calgary International Airport. It charters aircraft for scientific expeditions, oil exploration, etc., and operates air ambulance services.

Air medical services
Air medical services are the use of aircraft, including both fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters to provide various kinds of urgent medical care, especially prehospital, emergency and critical care to patients during aeromedical evacuation and rescue operations.
Lydia Tederick
Lydia Tederick is a former White House curator. She arrived in the White House's curatorial office in 1979 and first served as an assistant curator before becoming the eighth White House curator. She had a special focus on the history and workings of the First Ladies as well as the care of the White House's portraits. As curator, however, she was also responsible for research into questions about other Washington, DC statues and sculptures such as the Pierre-Jean David d’Angers statue of Thomas Jefferson, a gift from Uriah Phillips Levy.

Tederick received her Bachelor of Arts in art history and political science from Northern Arizona University and a Master of Arts in museum studies in 1980 from George Washington University.

Museology
Museology (also called museum studies or museum science) is the study of museums. It explores the history of museums and their role in society, as well as the activities they engage in, including curating, preservation, public programming, and education.
Cadet Corps
A corps of cadets, also called cadet corps, is a type of military school (such as a JROTC high school, senior military college or service academy) or unit that is part of an extracurricular program (such as ROTC) intended to prepare cadets for a military life. The school or program typically incorporates real military structure and ranks within their respective program.

United States senior military college
In the United States, a senior military college (SMC) is one of six colleges that offer military Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) programs under 10 U.S.C. § 2111a(f), though many other schools offer military Reserve Officers' Training Corps under other sections of the law.  The six senior military colleges are:

Norwich University, in Northfield, Vermont

Texas A&M University, in College Station, Texas

The Citadel Military College of South Carolina, in Charleston, South Carolina

University of North Georgia, in Dahlonega, Georgia

Virginia Military Institute, in Lexington, Virginia

Virginia Tech, in Blacksburg, Virginia
Ispahdost
Ispahdost (Persian: اسپهدوست) or Isfahdust (Arabic: اسفهدوست), was a Daylamite military officer who served the Buyid dynasty. He first appears as an officer of the Buyid ruler Mu'izz al-Dawla during his conquest of Abbasid Iraq in 945. Furthermore, Ispahdost is later mentioned as the brother-in-law of Mu'izz al-Dawla, and one year later, participated in the defense of Baghdad against the Hamdanids. In 948, Ispahdost, along with the Abbasid caliph al-Muti, planned a plot against Mu'izz al-Dawla, which, however, Mu'izz al-Dawla became informed of, and had Ispahdost imprisoned, who soon died.

Battle of Baghdad (946)
The Battle of Baghdad was fought between the forces of the Buyid Emirate of Iraq under Mu'izz al-Dawla and the Hamdanid Emirate of Mosul under Nasir al-Dawla within the city of Baghdad. The battle lasted for several months; it eventually ended in victory for the Buyids, who expelled the Hamdanids from Baghdad with a major offensive and secured control of the city.

The battle was the first conflict in the Buyid–Hamdanid wars; it was also the only conflict to occur largely in Buyid, rather than Hamdanid, territory.
Backward inhibition
In experimental psychology, backward inhibition, is a theory of sequential task control asserting that switching between tasks requires the just-completed task to be suppressed to allow a new task to be completed.  Support for the theory comes from research which has observed larger response times when returning to a task after an intermediate task than when completing three, or more, different tasks in a row. This typically comes in an ABA format, with the response time of task A the second time taking longer after having completed task B. Backward inhibition is not seen in scenarios with an ABC format, where no task is being repeated.

Responsiveness
Responsiveness as a concept of computer science refers to the specific ability of a system or functional unit to complete assigned tasks within a given time.

In the Reactive principle, Responsiveness is one of the fundamental criteria along with resilience, elasticity and message driven.

It is one of the criteria under the principle of robustness. The other three are observability, recoverability, and task conformance.
Peter Lougheed Centre
Peter Lougheed Centre (PLC) is a 506,000 square foot hospital in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. It is under the auspices of Alberta Health Services, formerly the Calgary Health Region, providing medical and surgical services to Calgary but also Southern Alberta. The PLC has a 24 hours emergency department, an intensive care unit (ICU), and offers ambulatory care. It was named after Peter Lougheed, who served as premier of Alberta from 1971 to 1985. The hospital opened in 1988 with 500 beds, and today contains over 600 beds. The new East Wing was completed in 2008 and includes 140 inpatient beds, as well as a new intensive care and coronary care unit. It was also designed with a new roof-top helipad for emergency services.

Southern Alberta
Southern Alberta is a region located in the Canadian province of Alberta.  In 2016, the region's population was approximately 291,112. The primary cities are Lethbridge and Medicine Hat. The region is known mostly for agricultural production, but other sectors, such as alternative energy, film production and tourism, are emerging.
Wally Lewis (rugby union)
Llewellyn Stanley "Wally" Lewis (23 March 1912 – 1 January 1990) was an Australian rugby union international.

Lewis, born in Brisbane, played rugby league while attending Ithaca Creek State School, but later picked up rugby union at Brisbane State High School and was a Combined High Schools representative.

An elusive fly-half, Lewis was attached to the GPS club in Brisbane. He gained four Wallabies caps during his career, including both matches in the 1934 Bledisloe Cup-winning series. Injuries plagued him during his Wallabies years and he also had the misfortune of being part of the abandoned 1939–40 tour of Britain.

1939–40 Australia rugby union tour of Britain and Ireland
The 1939–40 Australia rugby union tour of Britain and Ireland commenced with the departure of the Australian squad by ship from Sydney, Australia on 21 July 1939. The team is remembered as The Second Wallabies, however their tour was prematurely ended by Britain's declaration of war on Nazi Germany just two days after the team arrived in the UK on 2 September 1939. The side played only one match - at Bombay in India during their return journey. The tour was the first full scale trip to the British Isles attempted by the Australian national side since the First Wallaby tour of 1908 and the 1927/8 Waratah Tour (which has retrospectively been accorded national representative status). It was followed by the Third Wallaby Tour of 1947/8.