hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
4th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Confederate)
The 4th Arkansas Infantry (August 17, 1861 – April 26, 1865) was a Confederate States Army infantry regiment from the state of Arkansas during the American Civil War. The 4th Arkansas served throughout the war in the western theater, seeing action in the Kentucky, Tennessee and Georgia campaigns. Following its depletion in numbers the regiment was consolidated several times with other Arkansas regiments, finally merging in 1865 into the 1st Arkansas Consolidated Mounted Rifles. Another Arkansas unit also had the designation 4th Arkansas, the 4th Regiment, Arkansas State Troops which participated in the Battle of Wilson's Creek, but was never transferred to Confederate Service. There is no connection between the two units.

Battle of Richmond
The Battle of Richmond, Kentucky, fought August 29–30, 1862, was one of the most complete Confederate victories in the American Civil War by Major General Edmund Kirby Smith against Union major general William "Bull" Nelson's forces, which were defending the town. It was the first major battle in the Kentucky Campaign. The battle took place on and around what is now the grounds of the Blue Grass Army Depot, outside Richmond, Kentucky.
C. F. Powell
Cecil Frank Powell (5 December 1903 – 9 August 1969) was a British experimental physicist who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1950 for heading the team that developed the photographic method of studying nuclear processes, and for the resulting discovery of the pion (pi-meson).

World constitution
A world constitution is a proposed framework or document aimed at establishing a system of global governance. It seeks to provide a set of principles, structures, and laws to govern the relationships between states and address global issues. The concept of a world constitution reflects the aspiration for greater international cooperation, peace, and the resolution of global challenges.
Corps Rhenania Heidelberg
Corps Rhenania Heidelberg is a member Corps of the Kösener Senioren-Convents-Verband, the oldest association of student fraternities in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Corps Rhenania is "pflichtschlagend", which refers to the fact that it requires of its members, that they participate in several ritual, organised duels with members of other specific student fraternities. Eligible applicants are those students, both current and former, of the Ruprecht Karl University in Heidelberg, Germany. Members of Corps Rhenania are colloquially referred to as "Rhenane".

Academic fencing
Academic fencing (German: akademisches Fechten) or Mensur is the traditional kind of fencing practised by some student corporations (Studentenverbindungen) in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Latvia, Estonia, and, to a minor extent, in Belgium, Lithuania, and Poland. It is a traditional, strictly regulated sabre fight between two male members of different fraternities with sharp weapons. The German technical term Mensur (from Latin meaning 'measure, a certain quantity') in the 16th century referred to the specified distance between each of the fencers.
Gaius Fonteius Capito (consul 59)
Gaius Fonteius Capito was a Roman senator, who was active during the Principate. He was consul in the year 59 as the colleague of Gaius Vipstanus Apronianus.

Capito came from a plebeian family whose members had reached the rank of praetor since the 2nd century BC, but none had achieved the consulate until the end of the republic in 33 BC, when Gaius Fonteius Capito acceded to that magistracy. According to Cicero, the Fonteii came from Tusculum. Capito was probably the son or grandson of the eponymous consul of the year 12; his brother Fonteius Capito was one of the consuls of the year 67.

Tusculum
Tusculum was an ancient Roman city in the Alban Hills, in the Latium region of Italy. Tusculum was most famous in Roman times for the many great and luxurious patrician country villas sited close to the city, yet a comfortable distance from Rome, notably the villas of Cicero and Lucullus.
Bernheimer
Bernheimer is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alan Bernheimer (born 1948), American poet

Alan W. Bernheimer (1913–2006), American professor of microbiology

Charles S. Bernheimer (1868–1960), American social worker

Kate Bernheimer, American writer

Konrad Bernheimer (born 1950), German art dealer and collector

Lehmann Bernheimer (1841–1918), German antique dealer

Martin Bernheimer (1936–2019), American music critic

Otto Bernheimer (1877–1960), German art collector and antique dealer

Teresa Bernheimer (born 1978), German historian of Islam

Konrad Bernheimer
Konrad Otto Bernheimer (born 30 August 1950) is a German Venezuelan art dealer and collector. He is the chairman and owner of Bernheimer Fine Old Masters in Munich, and was the owner of Colnaghi in London. He sold Colnaghi to the Spanish dealers Jorge Coll and Nicolas Cortés in 2016.
John Whitcombe
John Whitcombe, D.D. (died 22 September 1753) was an Anglican bishop in Ireland in the 18th century.

Whitcombe was educated at Trinity College, Dublin after which he became Chaplain to the Duke of Dorset then Rector of Louth.  He was consecrated Bishop of Clonfert and Kilmacduagh in January 1735; and was also appointed in commendam to Kilfenora in 1742.  In 1752 he was  translated to Down and Connor and finally to the Archbishopric of Cashel later that year.

He died on 22 September 1753.

Bishop of Kilfenora
Christianity portal

The Bishop of Kilfenora (Irish: Easpag Chill Fhionnúrach) was a distinct episcopal title which took its name from the village of Kilfenora in County Clare in the Republic of Ireland. In both the Catholic Church and the Church of Ireland, the title is now united with other bishoprics.
Everett, Massachusetts
Everett is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States, directly north of Boston, bordering the neighborhood of Charlestown. The population was 49,075 at the time of the 2020 United States census.

Everett was the last city in the United States to have a bicameral legislature, which was composed of a seven-member Board of Aldermen and an eighteen-member Common Council. On November 8, 2011, the voters approved a new City Charter that changed the City Council to a unicameral body with eleven members – six ward councilors and five councilors-at-large. The new City Council was elected during the 2013 City Election.

Exelon
Exelon Corporation is an American public utility headquartered in Chicago, and incorporated in Pennsylvania. Exelon is the largest electric parent company in the United States by revenue and is the largest regulated electric utility in the United States with approximately 10 million customers. The company is ranked 187th on the Fortune 500.

Exelon owns six regulated utilities: Atlantic City Electric (New Jersey), Commonwealth Edison (Illinois), PECO Energy Company (Pennsylvania), Baltimore Gas and Electric (Maryland), Delmarva Power and Light (Delaware and Maryland), and Pepco (Washington, DC and Maryland).
Dennis Cambal
Dennis Hayden Cambal (January 27, 1949 – September 9, 2018) was an American professional football player for the National Football League (NFL)'s New York Jets. He played the running back position in college at William & Mary.  He was selected by the Oakland Raiders in the 14th round of the 1972 NFL draft and was placed on their taxi squad for the 1972 season but then was cut.  The Jets signed him as a free agent before the 1973 season and he made the team, playing in eight games mostly as a tight end and on special teams. He missed five games in October and November due to an injury he suffered in the Jets' October 21 game against the Pittsburgh Steelers.  In 1974, he crossed the Jets' picket line during the 1974 NFL strike during the preseason, but was waived before the regular season started.

He died on September 9, 2018, in Barnstable, Massachusetts at age 69.

William & Mary Tribe football
The William & Mary Tribe are a college football team representing the College of William & Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia. William & Mary competes in CAA Football, a single-sport NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision conference operated by the Tribe's primary athletic home of the Coastal Athletic Association. They are currently coached by Mike London. He succeeds Jimmye Laycock, who was the head coach of the Tribe for 39 years.

In 2008, William & Mary opened the Jimmye Laycock Football Center, housing the Tribe locker room, football players' classroom study sessions and tape review rooms.

The College of William & Mary has transitioned through several official nicknames since its athletic program began in 1893. From 1893 to 1916, William & Mary football players were known as the Orange and White because those were the old official school colors. From 1916 to 1977, all William & Mary athletes were known as the Indians. Since 1978, they have been known as the Tribe.
Boisheim station
Boisheim (German: Bahnhof Boisheim) is a railway station located in Boisheim, Germany. The station opened on 29 January 1866, and is located on the Viersen–Venlo railway. The train services are operated by Eurobahn.

Viersen–Venlo railway
The Viersen–Venlo railway is a railway line running from Viersen in Germany to Venlo in the Netherlands. The line was opened in 1866 by the Bergisch-Märkische Railway Company. Formerly used by international passenger trains between The Hague and Cologne, it is now only used by the Maas-Wupper-Express service from Venlo to Hamm via Düsseldorf and Hagen. It is also an important link for freight transport.
Lillian Glacier
Lillian Glacier was located in the Olympic Mountains in Olympic National Park in the U.S. state of Washington. The remnants of the glacier are in a cirque below McCartney Peak. Between 1905 and 2010, the Lillian Glacier melted away most likely because of global warming.

Olympic Mountains
The Olympic Mountains are a mountain range on the Olympic Peninsula of the Pacific Northwest of the United States.  The mountains, part of the Pacific Coast Ranges, are not especially high – Mount Olympus is the highest summit at 7,980 ft (2,432 m); however, the eastern slopes rise precipitously out of Puget Sound from sea level, and the western slopes are separated from the Pacific Ocean by the low-lying 20 to 35 km (12 to 22 mi) wide Pacific Ocean coastal plain. These densely forested western slopes are the wettest place in the 48 contiguous states. Most of the mountains are protected within the bounds of Olympic National Park and adjoining segments of Olympic National Forest.

The mountains are located in western Washington in the United States, spread out across four counties: Clallam, Grays Harbor, Jefferson and Mason. Physiographically, they are a section of the larger Pacific Border province, which is in turn a part of the larger Pacific Mountain System.
Vermont National Guard
The Vermont National Guard is composed of the Vermont Army National Guard and the Vermont Air National Guard. Together, they are collectively known as the Green Mountain Boys. Both units use the original Revolutionary War-era Flag of the Green Mountain Boys as their banner. In 2009, they had 2,600 members.

Martin Chittenden
Martin Chittenden (March 12, 1763 – September 5, 1840) was an American politician from Vermont. He served as a United States representative from 1803 to 1813 and as the seventh governor of Vermont from 1813 to 1815, during a crucial portion of the War of 1812.
Santa Maria Valley Railroad
The Santa Maria Valley Railroad (reporting mark SMV) is a 14.8 miles (23.8 km) shortline railroad that interchanges with the Union Pacific Railroad's (former Southern Pacific) Coast Line at Guadalupe, California. As of 2006, the Railroad is owned by the Coast Belle Rail Corporation.

Guadalupe, California
Guadalupe is a small city located in Santa Barbara County, California. According to the 2020 census, the city has a population of 8,057. Guadalupe is economically and socially tied to the city of Santa Maria, which is about 8 miles (13 km) to the east. It is located at the intersection of Highway 1 and Highway 166, immediately south of the Santa Maria River, and 5 miles (8 km) east of the Pacific Ocean.
Papachristos
Papachristos (Greek: Παπαχρήστος), also transliterated as Papahristos, is a Greek surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Andrew Papachristos, American sociologist

Kostas Papahristos (1916–1995), Greek actor

Stergios Papachristos (born 1989), Greek rower

Vaggelis Papachristos (born 1955), Greek politician

Stergios Papachristos
Stergios Papachristos (Greek: Στέργιος Παπαχρήστος, born 26 January 1989 in Volos) is a Greek rower.

He competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in the men's four.

He was part of the Greek four that won the 2011 European Championship with Ioannis Tsilis, Georgios Tziallas and Ioannis Christou.  This was the same team that won the silver medal at the 2011 World Championships.  He was also part of the Greek men's four that won the silver at the 2010 World Championships, with Tsilis, Nikolaos Gkountoulas and Apostolos Gkountoulas.  That team also won the silver at the 2010 European Championships.  In 2009, he won gold in the men's four at the European Championships with Tziallas, Ioannis Tsamis and Pavlos Gavrilidis.
Triple & Touch
Triple & Touch is a Swedish pop duo formed in Gothenburg in 1983. Earlier, Lasse Kronér (born 1962 in Gothenburg) was also a member until 1999, when he succeeded Leif Olsson for the leadership for the TV gameshow Bingolotto.

Leif "Loket" Olsson
Leif Oskar "Loket" Olsson (12 July 1942 – 30 January 2025) was a Swedish television presenter, sports journalist, radio host, and dansband singer. He is most recognised as the presenter of Bingolotto on TV4 between 1991 and 1999. Olsson got his breakthrough as the presenter of the radio programme Radio Ringlinjen which started in 1978. In 1992, Olsson was awarded the Lennart Hyland-Award as "most popular television personality of 1992" for his work on Bingolotto. Olsson was also known for presenting Svenska Idrottsgalan between 2000 and 2002, and also for the economy show Deklarera med Loket och Unni.
German submarine U-440
German submarine U-440 was a Type VIIC U-boat built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine for service during World War II.
She was laid down on 1 October 1940 by Schichau-Werke, Danzig as yard number 1491, launched on 8 November 1941 and commissioned on 24 January 1942 under Oberleutnant zur See Hans Geissler. On 20 May 1943, Geissler was replaced as commander by Oberleutnant zur See Werner Schwaff.

Schichau-Werke
The Schichau-Werke (F. Schichau, Maschinen- und Lokomotivfabrik, Schiffswerft und Eisengießerei GmbH) was a German engineering works and shipyard based in Elbing, Germany (now Elbląg, Poland) on the Vistula Lagoon of then-East Prussia. It also had a subsidiary shipyard in nearby Danzig (now: Gdańsk, Poland). Due to the Soviet conquest of eastern Germany, Schichau moved to Bremerhaven in March 1945, and its successors continued in business until 2009.
Prosthecobacter
Prosthecobacter is a genus of bacteria from the phylum Verrucomicrobiota with a distinctive characteristic; the presence of tubulin-like genes. 
Tubulins, which are components of the microtubule, have never been observed in Gracilicutes before.

Tubulin was long thought to be specific to eukaryotes. More recently, however, several prokaryotic proteins have been shown to be related to tubulin.

Most bacteria have a homologous structure, FtsZ. Prosthecobacter are the exception to this, containing genes that have higher sequence homology to eukaryotic tubulin than FtsZ.

These genes are called bacterial tubulin a (BtubA) and bacterial tubulin b (BtubB). The properties are not exactly same. However, surface loops and microtubules are extremely similar.

Sequence homology
Sequence homology is the biological homology between DNA, RNA, or protein sequences, defined in terms of shared ancestry in the evolutionary history of life. Two segments of DNA can have shared ancestry because of three phenomena: either a speciation event (orthologs), or a duplication event (paralogs), or else a horizontal (or lateral) gene transfer event (xenologs).

Homology among DNA, RNA, or proteins is typically inferred from their nucleotide or amino acid sequence similarity. Significant similarity is strong evidence that two sequences are related by evolutionary changes from a common ancestral sequence. Alignments of multiple sequences are used to indicate which regions of each sequence are homologous.
Honda CB125TD Super Dream
The Honda CB125TD Super Dream is a 124 cc (7.6 cu in) air-cooled, four stroke, twin cylinder motorcycle manufactured by the Honda Motor Company between 1982 and 1988, in three designations, TDC, TDE and TDJ. Intended as a sportier version of the Honda CD125 and CM125 it was similarly restricted to a maximum of 12hp (9.0kW), in compliance with the provisional licence requirements of the time, so that it could be used by novice riders.

The machine was equipped with capacitor discharge electronic ignition, disc front and drum rear brakes and Comstar wheels. It had electric start and both centre and side stands. Electrics were 12-volt, and the battery was housed in a recess in the airbox. A compartment in the tailpiece contained a small toolkit. Instrumentation was by way of a handlebar mounted cluster. This contained a tachometer, warning lights for main beam, ignition/neutral and indicators, and a speedometer in miles per hour, with markings for kilometres, plus an odometer.

Air-cooled engine
Air-cooled engines rely on the circulation of air directly over heat dissipation fins or hot areas of the engine to cool them in order to keep the engine within operating temperatures. Air-cooled designs are far simpler than their liquid-cooled counterparts, which require a separate radiator, coolant reservoir, piping and pumps.

Air-cooled engines are widely seen in applications where weight or simplicity is the primary goal. Their simplicity makes them suited for uses in small applications like chainsaws and lawn mowers, as well as small generators and similar roles. These qualities also make them highly suitable for aviation use, where they are widely used in general aviation aircraft and as auxiliary power units on larger aircraft. Their simplicity, in particular, also makes them common on motorcycles.
Virginie de Senancour
Virginie Pivert de Senancour (Agathe-Eulalie-Ursule Pivert de) (1791–1876), the daughter of essayist Étienne Pivert de Senancour, was a French novelist and journalist. She served as her father's secretary and also wrote stories for children. Her work La Conquêtomanie is a satire against Napoleon. In Réplique à un mal avisé she responds to certain attacks levelled against her father by Eugène de Mirecourt. Nearly all the biographical information that exists about her father originates from her. One such biographical episode involves the novelist George Sand, who was influenced by Obermann. Eulalie writes that Sand, who tended to be tongue-tied with people she didn't know, sat facing the 63-year-old Senancour for 10 minutes without uttering a word before getting up and silently leaving the room.

Eugène de Mirecourt
Charles Jean-Baptiste Jacquot (19 November 1812 – 13 February 1880), who wrote under the pen name Eugène de Mirecourt,  was a French writer and journalist. The main critic of Alexandre Dumas, he contributed novels, short stories and biographies to the French literary life of the second half of the 19th century.
Josh Anderson (American football)
Josh Anderson is an American college football coach. He is the head football coach for the Dakota State Trojans, a position he has held since 2009. He was the head football coach for Chino Valley High School from 2003 to 2005 and Payson High School from 2006 to 2008. He also coached for North Dakota State, South Dakota State, and Wayne State (NE). He played college football for Dakota State and North Dakota State. He has an overall head coaching record of 72–102.

Payson High School (Arizona)
Payson High School (PHS) is a public high school located in the rural town of Payson, Arizona, United States. It is one of two high schools within Payson Unified School District. PHS enrolls approximately 750 students.
Daehwa station
Daehwa Station (Station 309; Korean: 대화역) is an underground metro station on the Seoul Subway Line 3, operating as an extension of Line 3 of the Seoul Subway, in Daehwa-dong, Ilsanseo District, Goyang, South Korea. The station is Line 3's northwestern terminus and its 6 exits offer access to, among other places, KINTEX (750 m from Exit 1).  Travel time from Daehwa to Seoul Station, changing to Line 1 at Jongno 3(sam)-ga, is 1 hour and 2 minutes, while traveling the full length of Line 3 to Ogeum takes 1 hour and 36 minutes.

Korea International Exhibition Center
Korea International Exhibition Center (Korean: 킨텍스; commonly known as KINTEX) is a convention and exhibition center located in Ilsanseo-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi Province, approximately 23 kilometres (14 mi) from Seoul, South Korea. It comprises two exhibition centers, one of which is connected to the office building of its parent company KINTEX Inc., and is the largest "MICE" venue in South Korea.
Niederhasli railway station
Niederhasli railway station is a railway station in the municipality of Niederhasli in the canton of Zurich, Switzerland. It is situated on the Wehntal line, within fare zone 112 of the Zürcher Verkehrsverbund (ZVV).

In the three-story station building is a home, which is currently occupied as of 2023.

Canton of Zurich
The canton of Zurich is an administrative unit (canton) of Switzerland, situated in the northeastern part of the country. With a population of 1,553,423 (as of 31 December 2020), it is the most populous canton of Switzerland. Zurich is the de facto capital of the canton, but is not specifically mentioned in the constitution. The official language is German. The local Swiss German dialect, called Züritüütsch, is commonly spoken.

The canton has the highest Human Development Index score (0.993) out of 1,790 subnational regions as of 2022. It is also a global financial center and has the fourth-highest GRP in Switzerland behind Basel-Stadt, Zug and Geneva by GDP per capita.
Harry Boland
Harry Boland (27 April 1887 – 1 August 1922) was an Irish republican politician who served as President of the Irish Republican Brotherhood from 1919 to 1920. He served as a Teachta Dála (TD) from 1918 to 1922.

He was elected at the 1918 general election as the MP for Roscommon South, but as with other Sinn Féin candidates, he did not take seat in the British House of Commons, serving instead as a TD in the First Dáil.

At the 1921 general election, Boland was elected to the second Dáil as one of the TDs for the Mayo South–Roscommon South. He was re-elected in 1922 as an Anti-Treaty candidate, and was killed two months later in the Irish Civil War.

History of Sinn Féin
Sinn Féin ("We Ourselves", often mistranslated as "Ourselves Alone") is the name of an Irish political party founded in 1905 by Arthur Griffith. It became a focus for various forms of Irish nationalism, especially Irish republicanism. After the Easter Rising in 1916, it grew in membership, with a reorganisation at its Ard Fheis in 1917. It split in 1922 in response to the Anglo-Irish Treaty which led to the Irish Civil War and saw the origins of Fianna Fáil and Fine Gael, the two parties which have since dominated Irish politics. Another split in the remaining Sinn Féin organisation in the early years of the Troubles in 1970 led to the Sinn Féin of today, which is a republican, left-wing nationalist and socialist party.