hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Philanthropy Journal
The Philanthropy Journal is an online magazine that delivers news, resources and opinion on matters relating to non-profit organizations. The journal offers a free website and email newsletters, nonprofit job postings, professional-development webinars, and resource listings. In addition to regular news coverage, it publishes information on trends, research, and resources relevant to nonprofits.

Web conferencing
Web conferencing is used as an umbrella term for various types of online conferencing and collaborative services including webinars (web seminars), webcasts, and web meetings. Sometimes it may be used also in the more narrow sense of the peer-level web meeting context, in an attempt to disambiguate it from the other types known as collaborative sessions.

In general, web conferencing is made possible by Internet technologies, particularly on TCP/IP connections. Services may allow real-time point-to-point communications as well as multicast communications from one sender to many receivers. It offers data streams of text-based messages, voice and video chat to be shared simultaneously, across geographically dispersed locations. Applications for web conferencing include meetings, training events, lectures, or presentations from a web-connected computer to other web-connected computers.
Whren v. United States
Whren v. United States, 517 U.S. 806 (1996), was a unanimous United States Supreme Court decision that "declared that any traffic offense committed by a driver was a legitimate legal basis for a stop."

In an opinion authored by Antonin Scalia, the court held that a search and seizure is not a violation of the Fourth Amendment in cases where the police officers have a "reasonable suspicion" that a traffic violation has occurred. The personal, or subjective, motives of an officer are not a factor in the Court's Fourth Amendment analysis of whether the cause for a stop is sufficient. The standard for reasonable suspicion is purely an objective one.

A major concern with this case's ruling is that police conducting traffic stops may racially profile the stopped persons.

Search and seizure
Search and seizure is a procedure used in many civil law and common law legal systems by which police or other authorities and their agents, who, suspecting that a crime has been committed, commence a search of a person's property and seize or confiscate any relevant evidence found in connection to the crime.

Some countries have certain provisions in their constitutions that provide the public with the right to be free from "unreasonable searches and seizures". This right is generally based on the premise that everyone is entitled to a reasonable right to privacy.

Though specific interpretation may vary, this right can often require law enforcement to obtain a search warrant or consent of the owner before engaging in any form of search and seizure. In cases where evidence is seized in a search, that evidence might be rejected by court procedures, such as with a motion to suppress the evidence under the exclusionary rule.
Weidner Field
Weidner Field is an 8,000-seat soccer-specific stadium located in downtown Colorado Springs, Colorado, United States. It opened on April 24, 2021, and is home to the Colorado Springs Switchbacks FC who compete in the USL Championship, the second level of U.S. men's professional soccer. The stadium is situated at an altitude of 6,035 feet (1,839 m) above sea level and has the highest elevation of any stadium used by a professional team in the American soccer pyramid.

While designed for soccer, the stadium is capable of hosting other types of events, such as concerts, being able to reach a capacity as high as 15,000.  The stadium replaces former Weidner Field, now known as Martin 'Ed' Ragain Field, a smaller venue in the east of the city.

United States soccer league system
The United States soccer league system is a series of professional and amateur soccer leagues based, in whole or in part, in the United States. Although sometimes called the American soccer pyramid, teams and leagues are not linked by a system of promotion and relegation as is common in other countries. Instead, the United States Soccer Federation (USSF or U.S. Soccer) defines professional leagues in three levels, called divisions, with all other leagues sanctioned by the USSF not having an official designated level or division.

For practical and historical reasons, some teams from Bermuda, Canada, and Puerto Rico (considered a separate country by FIFA) can also compete in these leagues. However, these teams are not eligible for the U.S. Open Cup and cannot represent the United States in the CONCACAF Champions Cup because they are not affiliated with U.S. Soccer.
Guillermo Flores Avendaño
Guillermo Flores Avendaño (17 June 1894 – 26 May 1982) was a Guatemalan military officer who served as president of Guatemala from October 1957 to March 1958. In March 1957, he was designated as second in the presidential line of succession by Congress (preceded by Luis Arturo González López). He assumed the role of provisional president in October of that same year after the results of the 1957 general elections were annulled after a coup on allegations of electoral fraud.

Flores Avendaño's tenure ended upon the inauguration of Miguel Ydígoras Fuentes who won the 1958 general elections. He was subsequently appointed as Minister of Defense under the Ydígoras Fuentes government.

1958 Guatemalan general election
General elections were held in Guatemala on 19 January 1958 after the 1957 elections were nullified. After no candidate received 50% or more of the national vote, Miguel Ydígoras Fuentes was elected President by Congress on 12 February 1958, whilst an alliance of the National Democratic Reconciliation Party, Nationalist Democratic Party, the Nationalist Liberal Party, the Democratic National Association and the National Anti-Communist Front won 40 of the 66 seats in Congress.
Justin Marks
Justin Marks (born March 25, 1981) is an American semi-retired racing driver, entrepreneur, and owner of Trackhouse Racing in the NASCAR Cup Series. He last competed part-time in the NASCAR Xfinity Series, driving the No. 10 Chevrolet Camaro for Kaulig Racing.

Marks has competed in sports car and stock car racing, competing in the ARCA Racing Series and NASCAR Camping World Truck Series. He also served as a road course ringer in the NASCAR Xfinity Series and Cup Series.

Mid-Ohio Sports Car Course
Mid-Ohio Sports Car Course is a road course auto racing facility located in Troy Township, Morrow County, Ohio, United States, just outside the village of Lexington. It hosts a number of racing series such as IndyCar, IMSA WeatherTech Sportscar Championship, and the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series, along with other club events such has SCCA and National Auto Sport Association.

There is grandstand seating for 12,000 spectators and three observation mounds alongside the track raise the capacity to over 75,000. Mid-Ohio is classified as an FIA Grade Two circuit.
William Peter Webb House
The William Peter Webb House is a historic house in Eutaw, Alabama, United States.  The two-story wood-frame house was built c. 1840.  It is an I-house, with a Greek Revival-style distyle portico and other details added sometime later in the mid-19th century.  It was added to the National Register of Historic Places as part of the Antebellum Homes in Eutaw Thematic Resource on April 2, 1982.

I-house
The I-house is a vernacular house type, popular in the United States from the colonial period onward. The I-house was so named in the 1930s by Fred Kniffen, a cultural geographer at Louisiana State University who was a specialist in folk architecture. He identified and analyzed the type in his 1936 study of Louisiana house types.

He chose the name "I-house" because the style was commonly built in the rural farm areas of Indiana, Illinois and Iowa, all states beginning with the letter "I". But he was not implying that this house type originated in, or was restricted to, those three states. It is also referred to as Plantation Plain style.
Albert Torres (salsa promoter)
Albert Torres (June 14, 1956 – May 25, 2017) was an international salsa dance promoter from Los Angeles. He is known for being the organizer of the LA Salsa Fest, the longest running salsa congress in the US, as well as one of the organizers of the World Salsa Championships and later the World Latin Dance Cup.

Albert Torres had a number of minor film appearances in which he typically played the role of a dancer, including The Mambo Kings, Dance With Me, and Out to Sea. He also once danced with Jennifer Lopez on The Keenen Ivory Wayans Show in 1997.

The Keenen Ivory Wayans Show
The Keenen Ivory Wayans Show is a late night syndicated television talk show hosted by Keenen Ivory Wayans. The show premiered August 4, 1997, and was cancelled in March 1998. The show had an opening monologue and comedy sketches. His in-house band was an all-female band called Ladies of the Night. In many markets, the show was compared with and competed against the talk show Vibe, which launched at the same time. The two shows would poke fun of each other on occasion.

Guests who appeared on the show include Rick James, Jada Pinkett Smith, Samuel L. Jackson, Nicollette Sheridan, Mark Linn-Baker as well as Whitney Houston and music groups the Foo Fighters, Oasis, Bone Thugs-N-Harmony and The Firm.

In a 2013 interview by the Television Academy Foundation, Wayans expressed displeasure working on the show as he was not given complete creative freedom. His involvement on the show is often teased by his siblings.
Harry Millett
Harry Millett (2 April 1892  – 26 May 1974) was an English international rugby union player.

Born in Islington, London, Millett played rugby for Guy's Hospital RFC and was fullback in the London Counties XV which were one of only three sides to defeat the touring 1912–13 Springboks.

Millett's England opportunity didn't come until after the war when he was capped in a 1920 Five Nations match against France at Twickenham. He was appointed captain of Richmond later that year.

1920 Five Nations Championship
The 1920 Five Nations Championship was the sixth series of the rugby union Five Nations Championship following the inclusion of France into the Home Nations Championship, and the first played since the 1914 Games due to World War I. Including the previous Home Nations Championships, this was the thirty-third series of the annual northern hemisphere rugby union championship. Ten matches were played between 1 January and 3 April. It was contested by England, France, Ireland, Scotland and Wales.

Scotland missed out on a first Grand Slam after losing to England at Twickenham.
Pooja Entertainment
Pooja Entertainment (Formerly known as Puja Films) is an Indian production and distribution company established by Vashu Bhagnani in 1986. It is based in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. The company is known for producing the comedies: Coolie No. 1 (1995), Hero No. 1 (1997), and Biwi No.1 (1999). It has produced over 40 films as of 2024.

Production company
A production company, production house, or production studio is a studio that creates works in the fields of performing arts, new media art, film, television, radio, comics, interactive arts, video games, websites, music, and video. These groups consist of technical staff and members to 
produce the media, and are often incorporated as a commercial publisher.

Generally the term refers to all individuals responsible for the technical aspects of creating a particular product, regardless of where in the process their expertise is required, or how long they are involved in the project.  For example, in a theatrical performance, the production team has not only the running crew, but also the theatrical producer, designers, and theatrical direction.
Transport in Niger
Transport in Niger primarily consists of roads, most of which are unpaved. The state runs one long distance coach service, while other long distance and local routes are run by private companies, using a variety of vehicles. Most Nigeriens do not own vehicles. Roads are also commonly used by animals pulling wagons.

Niger has no operating railways within the country, although Niger uses railway lines in Togo and Benin to transport goods from sea ports further inland. There are multiple railway stations within the country, but none are currently operational. There is a proposal to build a rail connection to Nigeria.

Niger has several airports, but only two have regular commercial international flights.

Gaya, Niger
Gaya is a city in the Gaya Department of the Dosso Region of Niger. The city is situated 254 km southeast of the capital, Niamey, is located on the banks of the Niger River, and is near the borders with Benin and Nigeria. Gaya has a population of 63,815 (2012 census). The wettest area in Niger, Gaya averages 800 mm in rainfall a year.

There is a bridge connecting Gaya to the town of Malanville in Benin.
Magnetic flux
In physics, specifically electromagnetism, the magnetic flux through a surface is the surface integral of the normal component of the magnetic field B over that surface.  It is usually denoted Φ or ΦB. The SI unit of magnetic flux is the weber (Wb; in derived units, volt–seconds or V⋅s), and the CGS unit is the maxwell. Magnetic flux is usually measured with a fluxmeter, which contains measuring coils, and it calculates the magnetic flux from the change of voltage on the coils.

Tangential and normal components
In mathematics, given a vector at a point on a curve, that vector can be decomposed uniquely as a sum of two vectors, one tangent to the curve, called the tangential component of the vector, and another one perpendicular to the curve, called the normal component of the vector. Similarly, a vector at a point on a surface can be broken down the same way.

More generally, given a submanifold N of a manifold M, and a vector in the tangent space to M at a point of N, it can be decomposed into the component tangent to N and the component normal to N.
Zapater
Zapater is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alberto Zapater (born 1985), Spanish footballer

Bernardo Zapater (1823–1907), Spanish Catholic priest

Martín Zapater (1747–1803), Aragonese merchant

Alberto Zapater
Alberto Zapater Arjol (born 13 June 1985) is a Spanish former professional footballer who plays mainly as a defensive midfielder.

He spent most of his career with Zaragoza, appearing in 422 official games and scoring 12 goals.
Real Man
Real Man is the sixth studio album by American country music singer Billy Dean. It was released August 25, 1998, via Capitol Records Nashville. The album includes two singles: the title track and "Innocent Bystander", which respectively reached No. 33 and No. 68 on the U.S. Billboard country singles chart. Dean co-produced the album with David Gates, formerly of Bread, and co-wrote several of its songs with him. "Voices Singing" features the St. Nicholas School Children's Choir of Chattanooga, as well as Dean's son, Eli.

Bread (band)
Bread was an American soft rock band from Los Angeles, California. They had 13 songs chart on the Billboard Hot 100 between 1970 and 1977.

The band was fronted by David Gates (vocals, bass guitar, guitar, keyboards, violin, viola, percussion) with Jimmy Griffin (vocals, guitar, keyboards, percussion) and Robb Royer (bass guitar, guitar, flute, keyboards, percussion, recorder, backing vocals). On their first album session musicians Ron Edgar played drums and Jim Gordon played drums, percussion, and piano. Mike Botts became their permanent drummer when he joined in the summer of 1969, and Larry Knechtel replaced Royer in 1971, playing keyboards, bass guitar, guitar, and harmonica.
Surgical Neurology International
Surgical Neurology International is a weekly, peer-reviewed, open access medical journal that was established in 2010 and is published by Scientific Scholar. It publishes original articles, review articles, case reports, technical notes, and editorials regarding developments in the field of neurosurgery and related clinical and basic neurosciences. The editor-in-chief is Nancy Epstein, MD (State University of NY at Stony Brook). In 2018, Epstein was suspended by the American Association of Neurological Surgeons for violating the association's code of ethics.

The journal has been criticized for publishing misinformation about the COVID-19 pandemic, including claiming without evidence that the pandemic was caused by a conspiracy of governments and medical societies and that mRNA vaccines were responsible for thousands of deaths. Several of the journal's editors have been linked to right-wing media, including Miguel Faria, Russell Blaylock, and James Ausman.

American Association of Neurological Surgeons
The American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS) is a professional organization focused on advancing the specialty of neurological surgery. Founded in 1931, the AANS serves a membership of over 12,000 professionals worldwide, including neurosurgeons, medical students and allied health professionals. It is one of the five Continental Associations of the World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS), the other four being the AASNS, CAANS, EANS and FLANC.
Van
A van is a type of road vehicle used for transporting goods or people. There is some variation in the scope of the word across the different English-speaking countries. The smallest vans, microvans, are used for transporting either goods or people in tiny quantities. Mini MPVs, compact MPVs, and MPVs are all small vans usually used for transporting people in small quantities. Larger vans with passenger seats are used for institutional purposes, such as transporting students. Larger vans with only front seats are often used for business purposes, to carry goods and equipment. Specially equipped vans are used by television stations as mobile studios. Postal services and courier companies use large step vans to deliver packages.

Mini MPV
Mini MPV (an abbreviation for mini multi-purpose vehicle) is a vehicle size class for the smallest size of minivans/multi-purpose vehicles (MPVs). The mini MPV size class sits below the compact MPV size class and the vehicles are often built on the platforms of B-segment hatchback models. By the European definition, the mini MPV commonly consists of vans with two rows of seats, while in Asia mini MPVs with three rows are common. Sliding doors are sometimes also fitted to mini MPVs. Mini MPVs are also called tall-hatchbacks or small MPVs.
Somewhere Between Beauty & Magic
Somewhere Between Beauty & Magic is the debut studio album by Nigerian singer Joeboy. It was released on 3 February 2021, through Banku Music and emPawa Africa, and features a sole guest appearance from Kwesi Arthur on track 13. The album featured production from E Kelly, Tempoe, Killertunes, Bigfish, Dëra, Mex Flairz, Semzi, Type A, BeatsByKO and M.O.G Beatz. The album serves as a follow-up to his EP Love & Light (2019).

M.O.G Beatz
John Kwesi Dosunmu-Mensah, professionally known as M.O.G Beatz or simply MOG or M.O.G, is a Ghanaian record producer, composer, singer and songwriter record producer who specializes in Afro-pop, Hip hop, Afrobeats, R&B, Hiplife, Fuji and Highlife.
Cleaning agent
Cleaning agents or hard-surface cleaners are substances (usually liquids, powders, sprays, or granules) used to remove dirt, including dust, stains, foul odors, and clutter on surfaces. Purposes of cleaning agents include health, beauty, removing offensive odors, and avoiding the spread of dirt and contaminants to oneself and others. Some cleaning agents can kill bacteria (e.g. door handle bacteria, as well as bacteria on worktops and other metallic surfaces) and clean at the same time. Others, called degreasers, contain organic solvents to help dissolve oils and fats.

Silver sulfide
Silver sulfide is an inorganic compound with the formula Ag2S. A dense black solid, it is the only sulfide of silver. It is useful as a photosensitizer in photography. It  constitutes the tarnish that forms over time on silverware and other silver objects. Silver sulfide is insoluble in most solvents, but is degraded by strong acids. Silver sulfide is a network solid made up of silver (electronegativity of 1.98) and sulfur (electronegativity of 2.58) where the bonds have low ionic character (approximately 10%).
Dedication!
Dedication! is  the fourth album attributed to American pianist and arranger Duke Pearson featuring performances originally recorded in 1961 for the Jazzline label but not released until 1970 on the Prestige label.  The Bell Sound Studios recording session was led by the short-lived trombonist Willie Wilson, who died in 1961. The same album was released in 1966 by the Dutch Fontana label as the Freddie Hubbard album Groovy!, by the Japanese Trio label as Freddie Hubbard's Number 5 in 1975, and by the Black Lion label in 1989 as Hubbard's Minor Mishap with alternate takes.

Bell Sound Studios
Bell Sound Studios was an independent recording studio in New York City from 1950 to 1976. At its height, the studio was the largest independent recording studio in the United States, and the site of recording sessions that produced seminal hits by Jimmie Rodgers, Frankie Lymon & the Teenagers, Dionne Warwick, the McGuire Sisters, the Flamingos, Dion and the Belmonts, Paul Anka, Frankie Avalon, the Drifters and Ben E. King, the Four Seasons, Lesley Gore, the Dixie Cups, the Everly Brothers, Buddy Holly, The Capris, and Kiss.
Abu al-Faḍl Jaʻfar ibn ʻAli al-Dimashqi
Abū al-Faḍl Jaʻfar ibn ʻAlī al-Dimashqī (Arabic: أبو الفضل جعفر بن علي الدمشقي; fl. 12th-century) was a prosperous Muslim merchant from Damascus. He is best known for being the author of Kitab al-Isharah ila Mahasin at-Tijarah wa Marifat Jayyid al-Aʼrad wa Kadiiha wa Ghush-ush al-Mudallisin fiha (A Guide to the Merits of Commerce and to Recognition of Both Fine and Defective Merchandise and the Swindles of Those Who Deal Dishonestly).

Almost nothing is known about al-Dimashqi's life. He was among the Muslim writers who were influenced by Greek sources, particularly by the neo-Pythagorean Bryson of Heraclea.

Bryson of Heraclea
Bryson of Heraclea (Greek: Βρύσων Ἡρακλεώτης, gen.: Βρύσωνος; fl. late 5th-century BCE) was an ancient Greek mathematician and sophist who studied the solving the problems of squaring the circle and calculating pi.
West Indian Reports
The West Indian Reports, abbreviated WIR, are a series of law reports of cases decided in the high and appellate courts of West Indian states and territories, and of appeals therefrom to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council and the Caribbean Court of Justice. The Reports include judgments from The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bermuda, the Cayman Islands, the Eastern Caribbean States, Guyana, Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, and the Turks and Caicos Islands. They were first published in 1959 and, as of 2022, are currently published in two volumes each year, in both digital and hard copy formats.

Superior court
In common law systems, a superior court is a court of general jurisdiction over civil and criminal legal cases. A superior court is "superior" in relation to a court with limited jurisdiction (see small claims court), which is restricted to civil cases involving monetary amounts with a specific limit, or criminal cases involving offenses of a less serious nature. A superior court may hear appeals from lower courts (see court of appeal). For courts of general jurisdiction in civil law system, see ordinary court.