hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Boughezoul–Laghouat railway
The Boughezoul–Laghouat railway is one of the lines in the Algerian railway network. It was inaugurated in October 2023 and connects Boughezoul (in the Médéa province) to Laghouat (in the Laghouat province).

Stretching for 250 km, the railway is one of the Algerian railway lines known as "penetrating lines." These are a group of three north–south oriented lines that link the stations of the northern artery of Algeria (the lines from Oran to Annaba via Algiers and Constantine) to cities in the northern Algerian Sahara. The Boughezoul-Laghouat line is referred to as the "Central Penetrating Line," with the other two being the Oued Tlelat–Béchar railway and the El Guerrah–Touggourt railway, known as the "Western Penetrating Line" and "Eastern Penetrating Line," respectively.

Algerian Desert
The Algerian Desert (Arabic: الصحراء الجزائرية, romanized: al-Saḥrā' al-Jazā'iriyah) is a desert located in central North Africa within Algeria, constituting part of the Sahara. The desert covers more than 90% of Algeria's total area. In 2018, it was home to a population of 3,600,000 inhabitants, or 10.5% of the Algerian population approximately 80% of Algeria's total land area of 1,900,000 square kilometers.

Its expansion starts from the Saharan Atlas as a stony desert, gradually changing into a sand dune desert inland. The plateau of the Tassili n'Ajjer is located in the southeast, and its outstanding collection of prehistoric rock art saw it added to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1982. Cities and towns such as Ouargla, Adrar, and particularly In Salah are among the hottest places in the Sahara. Annual average rainfall is well above 100 mm (3.9 in) in the northernmost part but the center and the southern part receive much less than 50 mm (2.0 in).
Hope Moving Forward
Hope Moving Forward is a public monument in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. Dedicated in 2021, the monument consists of a bronze statue of Martin Luther King Jr. designed by Basil Watson atop a pedestal. It is located at the intersection of Northside Drive and Martin Luther King Jr. Drive.

Monument
A monument is a type of structure created to commemorate a person or event, or which has become relevant to a social group as a part of their remembrance of historic times or cultural heritage, due to its artistic, historical, political, technical or architectural importance.  Examples of monuments include statues, (war) memorials, historical buildings, and cultural assets. If there is a public interest in its preservation, a monument can for example be listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Andrija Mutafelija
Andrija Mutafelija (1883–1970) was a Croatian footballer and an important figure in the development of the game.

He was born in Slavonski Brod in 1883. As a member of the early Croatian football club PNIŠK, he was one of the first footballers in Zagreb. He played from 1903 to 1906. He co-founded HŠK Građanski Zagreb in a café on Preradović Square and was its first president from 1911 to 1914. He is credited with making the club competitive in the period directly after the First World War. By trade he was a hat salesman.

He died in Zagreb in 1970.

Petar Preradović
Petar Preradović (Croatian pronunciation: [pětar prerǎːdoʋit͡ɕ]; 19 March 1818 – 18 August 1872) was a Croatian poet, writer, and military general of Serb origin. He was one of the most important Croatian poets of the 19th century Illyrian movement and the main representative of romanticism in Croatia.

He was also the paternal grandfather of the Austrian writer and poet Paula Preradović, who is best known for composing the lyrics of the Austrian national anthem.
Othman Al-Ossimi
Othman Saud Abdullah Al-Ossimi (Arabic: عثمان سعود عبد الله العصيمي; 1941 – 31 October 2019) was a former Kuwaiti footballer. He played from 1960 until 1971 for Qadsia SC. He was the top scorer in the Kuwait Premier League in 1963–64 season.

Othman also played for the Kuwait national football team.

Qadsia SC
Al Qadsia Sporting Club (Arabic: نادي القادسية الرياضي) is a professional football club based in Kuwait City. Al Qadsia was founded in 1953 as Al-Jazira, before being renamed to Al Qadsia SC on 20 October 1960. Qadsia currently plays in the Kuwait Premier League and has won the league 17 times. Qadsia plays in the Mohammed Al-Hamad Stadium, which is in Hawalli, and is the third largest stadium in Kuwait.
Union of the Crowns
The Union of the Crowns (Scottish Gaelic: Aonadh nan Crùintean; Scots: Union o the Crouns) was the accession of James VI of Scotland to the thrones of England and Ireland as James I on 24 March 1603, and the consequent formation of a personal union between the Kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland. It followed the death of James's cousin, Elizabeth I of England, the last monarch of the Tudor dynasty.

England, Scotland, and Ireland remained separate states with separate parliaments until the Acts of Union of 1707 united England and Scotland into a unitary Kingdom of Great Britain; Ireland retained a legally separate Crown and Parliament, albeit as a practical dependency, until 1801. However, there was a republican interregnum in the 1650s, during which the Tender of Union of Oliver Cromwell created the Commonwealth of England and Scotland, which ended with the Stuart Restoration.

British Interregnum
The Interregnum in the British Isles began with the execution of Charles I in January 1649 (and from  September 1651 in Scotland) and ended in May 1660 when his son Charles II was restored to the thrones of the three realms, although he had been already acclaimed king in Scotland since 1649. During this time the monarchical system of government was replaced with the Commonwealth of England.

The precise start and end of the interregnum, as well as the social and political events that occurred during the interregnum, varied in the three kingdoms and the English dominions.
1976 Cup of the Ukrainian SSR
The 1976 Ukrainian Cup was the 24th edition of the Ukrainian SSR football knockout competition, known as the Ukrainian Cup. The competition started on May 28, 1976.

The last year cup holder Zirka Kirovohrad was knocked out of the competition by Metalist Kharkiv in the quarterfinals.

Ukrainian Cup
The Ukrainian Cup (Ukrainian: Кубок України [ˈkubok ʊkrɐˈjinɪ]) is an association football national knockout cup competition run by the Ukrainian Association of Football. The competition is conducted almost exclusively among professional clubs. Since the 2003–04 season, the Cup winner qualifies to play the Ukrainian Premier League winner for the Ukrainian Super Cup.
French ironclad Bouledogue
Bouledogue was a one of four Bélier-class ironclad rams built for the French Navy during the 1870s. Completed in 1873, she spent most of her career in reserve. The ship accidentally rammed and sank a torpedo boat in 1895 and was sold for scrap two years later.

Naval ram
A naval ram is a weapon fitted to varied types of ships, dating back to antiquity. The weapon comprised an underwater prolongation of the bow of the ship to form an armoured beak, usually between 2 and 4 meters (6.6 and 13.1 ft) in length. This would be driven into the hull of an enemy ship to puncture, sink or disable it.
Homer Nelson (Wisconsin politician)
Homer Nelson (February 6, 1826 – May 21, 1894) was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly during the 1877 session.

Nelson was born on February 6, 1826, in Hebron, New York. He owned a farm in Portage County. Nelson served as treasurer of Green Lake County, Wisconsin. He was a Republican.

Green Lake County, Wisconsin
Green Lake County is a county located in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 19,018. Its county seat is Green Lake. In 2020, the center of population of Wisconsin was located in Green Lake County, near the city of Markesan.
Inlands Bestuur
Inlands Bestuur or Inlandsch Bestuur (Indonesian: pemerintahan pribumi or pangreh praja) was one of the two forms of government bureaucracy in the Dutch East Indies, in addition to Binnenlands Bestuur.

Inlands Bestuur is the executor of the Dutch Colonial administration in the regions (bureaucracy in the territory of the inlanders or "natives") and can also be a collaboration between the central government and the local government.

For areas on the island of Java (except Batavia, there are also areas known as Vorstenlanden, or "royal lands", namely the Surakarta Sultanate and Yogyakarta Sultanate areas) and the island of Madura divided into several residency areas consisting of several (regentschappen) or "regencies"; and regional heads of regentschap bear the title of "Bupati" or Regent. The Bupati usually come from and are appointed from among families close to the center of power of the Bumiputra.

Native Indonesians
Native Indonesians, also known as Pribumi (lit. 'first on the soil'), are Indonesians whose ancestral roots lie mainly in the Indonesian archipelago and who belong to various ethnic groups, with the majority tracing their origins to Austronesian and Melanesian lineages. In contrast to pribumi are Indonesians with known  foreign ancestry, such as Chinese Indonesians, Arab Indonesians, Indian Indonesians, Japanese Indonesians, and Indo-Europeans (Eurasians).
Melissa Bulanhagui
Melissa Carmen Bulanhagui (born August 16, 1990) is an American former figure skater. She represented the United States internationally from 2005 through 2010. She became the 2006 U.S. junior national bronze medalist and won two ISU Junior Grand Prix medals (gold at 2008 JGP Italy, silver at 2006 JGP Romania). After moving up to the senior ranks, she won bronze at the 2010 Nebelhorn Trophy. In 2011, she decided to compete for the Philippines. She would win bronze at the 2013 Asian Open Trophy and two Philippine national titles (2012, 2013). She also competed at two Four Continents Championships.

In 2019, she became a pornographic actress under the stage name Jada Kai.

ISU Junior Grand Prix in Italy
The ISU Junior Grand Prix in Italy is an international figure skating competition sanctioned by the International Skating Union (ISU), organized and hosted by the Italian Ice Sports Federation (Italian: Federazione Italiana Sport del Ghiaccio). It is held periodically as an event of the ISU Junior Grand Prix of Figure Skating (JGP), a series of international competitions exclusively for junior-level skaters. Medals may be awarded in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance. Skaters earn points based on their results at the qualifying competitions each season, and the top skaters or teams in each discipline are invited to then compete at the Junior Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final.
Joseph Clarke (Canadian politician)
Joseph Andrew Clarke (September 20, 1869 – July 27, 1941) was a Canadian politician and lawyer.  He served twice as mayor of Edmonton, Alberta, was a candidate for election to the House of Commons of Canada and the Legislative Assembly of Alberta, and was a member of the Yukon Territorial Council (precursor to the Yukon Legislative Assembly).

Alberta Liberal Party
53°32′40″N 113°32′08″W﻿ / ﻿53.5445°N 113.5356°W﻿ / 53.5445; -113.5356

The Alberta Liberal Party (French: Parti libéral de l'Alberta) is a provincial political party in Alberta, Canada. Founded in 1905, it is the oldest active political party in Alberta and was the dominant political party until the 1921 election, with the first three provincial Premiers being Liberals.  Since 1921, it has formed the official opposition in the Legislative Assembly of Alberta several times, most recently from 1993 until 2012. Fourteen Liberals have served as Leader of the Opposition of Alberta.

The party was affiliated with the Liberal Party of Canada until 1976.
Pasiene
Pasiene (Latgalian: Pasīne/Posīne) is a settlement in Pasiene Parish, Ludza Municipality in the Latgale region of Latvia. It is the easternmost point of Latvia and the easternmost point of the contiguous part of the Baltic states.

As of February 2022, the settlement has a population of 267. Although Pasiene is a small village, it is known for its Baroque-style Roman Catholic church dating from 1761. There also used to be a Dominican abbey in Pasiene, close to the church, but it burnt down in 1837.

Ludza Municipality
Ludza Municipality (Latvian: Ludzas novads, Latgalian: Ludzys nūvods) is a municipality in Latgale, Latvia. The administrative centre is Ludza. The municipality was formed in 2009 by merging Briģi Parish, Cirma Parish, Isnauda Parish, Istra Parish, Nirza Parish, Ņukši Parish, Pilda Parish, Pureņi Parish, Rundēni Parish and Ludza town of the former Ludza district.

During the 2021 Latvian administrative reform, the previous municipality was merged with Cibla Municipality, Kārsava Municipality and Zilupe Municipality. The new municipality now fully corresponds with the area of the former Ludza district.

The municipality is located 267 km from the capital of Latvia - Riga, by the Latvian-Russian border, i.e. by the border of the European Union with the Russian Federation.

The territory of the municipality is crossed by the internationally important Riga-Moscow road and by the Riga-Zilupe-Moscow railway.
NGC 544
NGC 544 (also known as GC 320 or h 2411) is a faint, small, and round elliptical galaxy located in the Sculptor constellation. The galaxy was discovered by John Herschel on 23 October 1835 and its apparent size is 1.5 by 1.1 arc minutes. It is approximately 360 million light years away from Earth, it is similar to those of NGC 534, NGC 546 and NGC 549.

John Herschel
Sir John Frederick William Herschel, 1st Baronet KH FRS (/ˈhɜːrʃəl, ˈhɛər-/; 7 March 1792 – 11 May 1871) was an English polymath active as a mathematician, astronomer, chemist, inventor and experimental photographer who invented the blueprint and did botanical work.

Herschel originated the use of the Julian day system in astronomy. He named seven moons of Saturn and four moons of Uranus – the seventh planet, discovered by his father Sir William Herschel. He made many contributions to the science of photography, and investigated colour blindness and the chemical power of ultraviolet rays. His Preliminary Discourse (1831), which advocated an inductive approach to scientific experiment and theory-building, was an important contribution to the philosophy of science.
Coppen
Coppen or Coppens  is a Dutch patronymic surname primarily found in East Flanders. surname:

Alec Coppen (1923–2019), British psychiatrist

Charles Coppen, a sports editor for the Providence Journal

Jennifer Coppen (born 2001), Indonesian actress

Shirley Coppen (born 1946), Canadian politician

East Flanders
East Flanders (Dutch: Oost-Vlaanderen [ˌoːst ˈflaːndərə(n)] ⓘ; French: Flandre-Orientale [flɑ̃dʁ ɔʁjɑ̃tal] ⓘ; German: Ostflandern [ˈɔstˌflandɐn] ⓘ; West Flemish: Ôost-Vloandern) is a province of Belgium. It borders (clockwise from the North) the Dutch province of Zeeland and the Belgian provinces of Antwerp, Flemish Brabant, Hainaut and West Flanders. It has an area of 3,007 km2 (1,161 sq mi), divided into six administrative districts containing 60 municipalities, and a population of over 1.57 million as of January 2024. The capital is Ghent, home to the Ghent University and the Port of Ghent.
2025 Las Vegas Challenger – Doubles
Trey Hilderbrand and Alex Lawson were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.

Benjamin Kittay and Joshua Sheehy won the title after defeating Finn Reynolds and James Watt 7–5, 7–6(7–2) in the final.

Benjamin Kittay
Benjamin Kittay (born August 27, 2003) is an American tennis player.

Kittay has a career high ATP singles ranking of No. 1,634 achieved on August 15, 2022 and a career high ATP doubles ranking of No. 113 achieved on February 23, 2026.

Kittay has won his first ATP Challenger doubles title at the 2025 Kia Open Barranquilla.

Kittay played college tennis at North Carolina before transferring to Michigan.
Shabelle Zone
Shabelle is one of nine Zones of the Somali Region of Ethiopia. It was previously known as Gode (Somali: Godey, Arabic: غودي), so named after its largest city, Gode. Shabelle is bordered on the west by Afder, on the north by Fiq, on the northeast by Korahe. On the south it borders the Provisional Administrative Line of Somalia along the borders of the Hirshabelle and Galmudug federal states.

Galmudug
Galmudug (Arabic: جلمدج; Italian: Galmudugh), officially Galmudug State of Somalia (Somali: Maamul-Goboleedka Galmudug ee Soomaaliya), is a Federal Member State in central Somalia, with its capital at Dhusamareb. It is bordered to the north by the Puntland state of Somalia, to the west by the Somali Region in Ethiopia, to the east by the Indian Ocean and to the south by the Hirshabelle state of Somalia.
Consisting of the Galgaduud region and Mudug region, Galmudug's name is derived from a conflation of the names of the two regions. Galmudug is a federal state within the larger Federal Republic of Somalia, as defined by the provisional constitution of Somalia.
Aye Musht-e-Khaak
Aye Musht-E-Khaak (Urdu: اے مُشتِ خاک, lit. 'Oh Fistful of Dust') is a Pakistani television series produced by Abdullah Kadwani and Asad Qureshi under banner 7th Sky Entertainment, directed by Aehsun Talish. The serial airs on Geo Entertainment. Maha Malik is the writer of this drama. It features Feroze Khan and Sana Javed in leading roles in their fourth project together with Asad Siddiqui, Iffat Rahim and Danial Afzal Khan in prominent roles.

Aehsun Talish
Aehsun Talish (Urdu: احسن تالش) is a Pakistani television director, producer, and actor. He has worked in many successful television dramas. Ahson has directing a number of hit television serials, such as Deewana (2016), Alif Allah Aur Insaan (2017), Daldal (2017), Tabeer (2018), Suno Chanda (2018), Suno Chanda 2 (2019), and Yeh Dil Mera (2019). For directing the comedy series Suno Chanda, he received a nomination for the Lux Style Award for Best Director.
Spike Island, County Cork
Spike Island (Irish: Inis Píc) is an island of 103 acres (42 ha) in Cork Harbour, Ireland. Originally the site of a monastic settlement, the island is dominated by an 18th-century bastion fort now named Fort Mitchel.

The island's strategic location within the harbour meant it was used at times for defence and as a prison. Since the early 21st century the island has been developed as a heritage tourist attraction, with €5.5 million investment in exhibition and visitor spaces and accompanying tourism marketing. There were in excess of 81,000 visitors to the island during 2019, a 21% increase on 2018 numbers. Spike Island was named top European tourist attraction at the 2017 World Travel Awards.

Bastion fort
A bastion fort or trace italienne (a phrase derived from non-standard French, meaning 'Italian outline') is a fortification in a style developed during the early modern period in response to the ascendancy of gunpowder weapons such as cannon, which rendered earlier medieval approaches to fortification obsolete. It appeared in the mid-fifteenth century in Italy. Some types, especially when combined with ravelins and other outworks, resembled the related star fort of the same era.

The design of the fort is normally a polygon with bastions at the corners of the walls. These outcroppings eliminated protected blind spots, called "dead zones", and allowed fire along the curtain wall from positions protected from direct fire. Many bastion forts also feature cavaliers, which are raised secondary structures based entirely inside the primary structure.
Ameroglossum
Ameroglossum is a genus of flowering plants in the family Scrophulariaceae. It includes nine species native to northeastern Brazil, where they grow in moist forest enclaves on the region's mountains and plateaus.

Ameroglossum pernambucense is endemic to the Borborema Plateau in Pernambuco, and Ameroglossum manoel-felixii is found in Paraíba. The species are threatened by drought, fires, quarrying, trampling and cattle pasturing.

Borborema Plateau
The Borborema Plateau (Portuguese Planalto da Borborema, also known as the Serra da Borborema) is a plateau in northeastern Brazil which extends across the states of Pernambuco, Paraíba, and Rio Grande do Norte. The plateau is the northeasternmost portion of the Brazilian Highlands and is the most relevant watershed of its region. It ranges approximately 400 kilometres (250 mi) from north to south and 200 kilometres (120 mi) from east to west. More than 100 rivers originate from the plateau, including the  Moxotó, Mundaú, Pajeú, Paraíba do Norte, Seridó, and Una.

The Borborema Plateau serves as an orographic barrier, despite its relatively low elevation, against the moist easterly winds of the Atlantic Ocean. Areas west of the plateau, which make up part of the sertão, are arid and prone to drought. The Pajeú River, the largest tributary of the São Francisco River, originates from the Borborema.
Derbyshire Dome
The Derbyshire Dome is a geological formation across mid-Derbyshire in England.

The White Peak area of the Peak District is named after the limestone plateau landscape of the 'Derbyshire Dome' anticline. The plateau is generally between 200m and 300m above sea level. This limestone outcrop is surrounded on the west, north and east by a horseshoe-shaped formation of younger sandstones (gritstones) and shales, known as the Dark Peak. The town of Buxton is at the western edge of the limestone region. The Triassic sandstones of the Midlands plain bound the south edge of the limestone region. The other main karst landscapes of England are the Yorkshire Dales and the Mendip Hills.

Dovedale
Dovedale is a valley in the Peak District of England. The land is owned by the National Trust and attracts a million visitors annually. The valley was cut by the River Dove and runs for just over 3 miles (5 km) between Milldale in the north and a wooded ravine, near Thorpe Cloud and Bunster Hill, in the south. In the wooded ravine, a set of stepping stones cross the river and there are two caves known as the Dove Holes.

Dovedale's other attractions include rock pillars such as Ilam Rock, Viator's Bridge and the limestone features Lovers' Leap and Reynard's Cave.
Michael Bamidele Otiko
Commodore Michael Bamidele Otikolistenⓘ (18 April 1934 – 25 December 1999) was the first director of naval education in Nigeria, and later was appointed Governor of Ondo State, Nigeria.

Otiko was director of naval education from January 1975 to December 1979 as a commander, from January 1980 to January 1981 and from December 1981 to December 1983 as a captain, and from February 1983 to January 1984 as a commodore. Otiko was appointed Governor of Ondo State from January 1984 to September 1985 during the military regime of general Mohammadu Buhari. During his term of office, Otiko renamed the State University from Obafemi Awolowo University to Ondo State University, since Buhari did not want to honor the Nigerian First Republic Western Region Premier Obafemi Awolowo. He was blamed for the detention of former deputy governor of Ondo State, Akin Omoboriowo, for 16 months. He arranged for completion of construction on Akure airport.

Akure
Akure Listenⓘ is a city in south-western Nigeria. It is the capital and largest city of Ondo State. The city had a population of 403,000 as of the 2006 population census. Its current population is estimated at 774,000.