hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Richard Sizani
Richard Khaliphile Sizani is a South African lawyer, civil servant, and former politician. He represented the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) in the National Assembly from 1994 until 1997, when he joined the civil service. He was a member of the Public Service Commission from 2011 to 2022.

Pan Africanist Congress of Azania
The Pan Africanist Congress of Azania, often shortened to the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC), is a South African pan-Africanist political party. It was founded by an Africanist group, led by Robert Sobukwe, that broke away from the African National Congress (ANC) in 1959, as the PAC objected to the ANC's theory that "the land belongs to all who live in it both white and black" and also rejected a multiracialist worldview, instead advocating a South Africa based on African nationalism.
Umba River (Tanzania)
The Umba River (Mto Umba, in Swahili) is located in northeastern Tanzania in Lushoto and Mkinga Districts of Tanga Region. It rises in Schageiuforest (Shagayu) in the West Usambara Mountains of Lushoto at 2,000 m altitude and flows on the north side of the mountain range to the east. At Lelwa it empties the Mbalamu River, which comes from the extreme north of the Usambara Mountains, and the Mglumi River into the Umba. Just before the Umba flows into the Indian Ocean, it crosses the border to Kenya. The mouth itself marks the most eastern point on the border between Tanzania and Kenya, which was largely made in a straight line to the northwest towards Lake Victoria in the 19th century. On the upper reaches of the river in the mid-1960s rich deposits of precious stones, including sapphires and spessartine, were discovered. Also on the river is the Umba River Game Reserve, a wildlife reserve that includes along with the Mkomazi Game Reserve, about 2,600 km2.

Tanga Region
Tanga Region (Swahili: Mkoa wa Tanga) is one of Tanzania's 31 administrative regions. The region covers an area of 26,667 km2 (10,296 sq mi). The region is comparable in size to the combined land area of the nation state of Burundi. The regional capital is the municipality of Tanga city. Located in northeast Tanzania, the region is bordered by Kenya and Kilimanjaro Region to the north; Manyara Region to the west; and Morogoro and Pwani Regions to the south. It has a coastline to the east with the Indian Ocean. According to the 2022 national census, the region had a population of 2,615,597.
The Georgetown Voice
The Georgetown Voice is a student-run biweekly campus news magazine at Georgetown University. Founded as a print magazine in March 1969, the Voice publishes new editions every other Friday during the academic year. The magazine publishes online daily throughout the year, featuring news on campus and in the District of Columbia, as well as commentary, reviews, long-form journalism, and sports and entertainment coverage. Online, the Voice also produces podcasts and maintains a variety sports and culture blog. It is entirely operated, written, edited, and designed by student volunteers.

News magazine
A news magazine is a typed, printed, and published magazine, radio, or television program, usually published weekly, consisting of articles about current events. News magazines generally discuss stories in greater depth than newspapers or newscasts do, and aim to give the consumer an understanding of the important events beyond the basic facts.
Muara Takus
Muara Takus (Indonesian: Candi Muara Takus) is a Buddhist temple complex, thought to belong to the Srivijaya empire. It is situated in Kampar Regency in Riau province, Sumatra, Indonesia. Its surviving temples and other archaeological remains are thought to date to the 11th and 12th century AD. It is one of the largest and best-preserved ancient temple complexes in Sumatra.

Kampar Regency
Kampar is a regency (kabupaten) of Riau Province of Indonesia. The regency formerly included a much larger part of Riau Province, but on 4 October 1999 the western districts were split off to form a separate Rokan Hulu Regency, and the eastern districts were split off to form a new Pelalawan Regency. It now has an area of 11,289.28 km2 (about 40% of its former area) and had a population of 688,204 at the 2010 Census, and 841,332 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 898,973 (comprising 459,172 males and 439,801 females). The administrative centre of the regency is located at the town of Bangkinang.

The regency is bordered by:

The Kabun and Tandun Districts of Rokan Hulu Regency form a salient into the west side of the Kampar Regency.
Giovanni Pettinelli
Giovanni Pettinelli (Italian pronunciation: [dʒoˈvanni pettiˈnɛlli] ⓘ; born 13 March 1996) is an Italian professional rugby union player who primarily plays flanker for Mogliano Veneto in the Italian Serie A Elite. He has also represented Italy at international level.

Italy A national rugby union team
The Italy A national rugby union team (Italian: Nazionale A di rugby a 15 dell'Italia, also known as Italia Emergenti which means Italy Emerging Players, Italia XV or Italia Under 23) are the second national rugby union team in Italy after the national side.

They competed in the Six Nations "A" from 2000 to 2003, in the IRB Nations Cup from 2006 until 2013, except in 2011 when they played the Churchill Cup. They have also participated in the IRB Tbilisi Cup in 2014.

From 2016 to 2018 it played in the World Rugby Nations Cup.
Jassem Gaber
Jassem Gaber El-Sayed Abdulsalam (Arabic: جَاسِم جَابِر السَّيِّد عَبْد السَّلَام; born 20 February 2002) is a Qatari professional footballer who plays as a centre-back or defensive midfielder for Qatari club Al-Rayyan and the Qatar national football team.

Al-Rayyan SC
Al-Rayyan Sports Club (Arabic: نادي الريان الرياضي) is a Qatari multi-sports club fielding teams in a number of sports such as football, futsal, basketball, volleyball, handball, athletics, table tennis, and swimming. It is based at the Ahmad bin Ali Stadium in Umm Al Afaei in the city of Al Rayyan. The club was founded in 1967 after merging the old Rayyan team with Nusoor Club. The official team colours are red and black.

They have won numerous titles in all sports, including two Asian championships in basketball, the Arab championship in handball, futsal domestic titles, table tennis, and volleyball, as well as numerous GCC basketball, handball, and volleyball championships. Both the basketball and handball teams have qualified for the world championships. However, the football team gets the most attention from the club officials, media, and fans.
Anders Bure
Anders Bure (before his ennoblement Andreas Bureus; 14 August 1571 – 4 February 1646) was a Swedish cartographer, considered the "father of Swedish cartography". He worked in the royal chancery (the precursor to the Government offices) and in 1603 was commissioned to produce a map of the Nordic countries by the future King Charles IX of Sweden. He produced a first map, covering the northern parts of Sweden, in 1611; it was considerably more accurate than earlier attempts at mapmaking and has been called the first real map of Sweden. It was followed by a more comprehensive map of Scandinavia in 1626, which would become a model for mapmakers for generations. In 1628, he became de facto the first head of Lantmäteriet, the Swedish Mapping, Cadastral, and Land Registration Authority. The instructions he produced for the agency's work were in force for over two centuries. He was ennobled in 1624.

Ennoblement
Ennoblement is the conferring of nobility—the induction of an individual into the noble class. Currently only a few kingdoms still grant nobility to people; among them Spain, the United Kingdom, Belgium and the Vatican. Depending on time and region, various laws have governed who  could be ennobled and how. Typically, nobility was conferred on individuals who had assisted the sovereign. In some countries (e.g. France under the Ancien Régime), this degenerated into the buying of patents of nobility, whereby rich commoners (e.g.  merchants) could purchase a title of nobility.
Rock na Bagnie
Rock na Bagnie is a rock music festival held in the Podlaskie Voivodeship of Poland since 2010. The first two editions took place in Strękowa Góra. Since 2013, following a one-year hiatus, the festival has been held in Goniądz.

Between 2010 and 2023, Rock na Bagnie hosted nearly 300 bands from both Poland and abroad. Notable performers include classic English punk rock bands such as Peter and the Test Tube Babies, UK Subs, Cockney Rejects, and G.B.H.

U.K. Subs
U.K. Subs are an English punk rock band, among the earliest in the first wave of British punk. Formed in 1976, the mainstay of the band has been vocalist Charlie Harper, originally a singer in Britain's R&B scene. One of the first hardcore punk bands, elements of rhythm and blues music - including harmonica - also remained an occasional element of their work.
Missamma (2003 film)
Missamma (transl. Miss madam) is a 2003 Indian Telugu-language film written and directed by Neelakanta. The film stars Bhumika, Sivaji, and Laya. The film won four Nandi Awards including the Best Feature Film. It was remade in Kannada as Namaste Madam (2014).

Savitha Radhakrishnan
Savitha Radhakrishnan is an Indian voice actor. She is known for providing voice-overs for several leading female actresses in Tamil and Telugu cinema, including Aishwarya Rai, Simran, Sneha, Jyothika, and Amala Paul.
Ashur (god)
Ashur, Ashshur, also spelled Ašur, Aššur (Sumerian: 𒀭𒊹, romanized: AN.ŠAR₂, Assyrian cuneiform: 𒀭𒊹 Aš-šur, 𒀭𒀀𒇳𒊬 ᵈa-šur₄) was the national god of the Assyrians in ancient times until their gradual conversion to Christianity between the 1st and 5th centuries AD.

Der (Sumer)
Der (Sumerian: 𒌷𒂦𒀭𒆠 uruBAD3.ANki; Akkadian: 𒌷𒂦𒀭𒆠 uruBAD3.ANki or 𒌷𒁲𒂊𒊒(𒆠) urude-e-ru(ki)) was a Sumerian city-state at the site of modern Tell Aqar near al-Badra in Iraq's Wasit Governorate. It was east of the Tigris River on the border between Sumer and Elam. At one time it was thought that it might have been ancient Durum (Sumerian: uruBAD3ki) but more recent scholarship has rebutted that.

The principal god of Der was Ištaran. In the 1st millennium BC, he was also referred to as Anu rabû ("Great Anu") in Akkadian. The name of his temple at Der was Edimgalkalama.
Alfred T. Small
Alfred T. Small (July 16, 1826 – December 25, 1906) was an American sea captain from Maine. He was one of the last "old-time shipmasters" of square-rigged ships, and he sailed around the world four times. He was also shipwrecked on six occasions.

Square rig
Square rig is a generic type of sail and rigging arrangement in which a sailing vessel's primary driving sails are carried on horizontal spars that are perpendicular (or square) to the median plane of the keel and masts of the vessel. These spars are called yards and their tips, outside the lifts, are called the yardarms. A ship mainly rigged so is called a square-rigger.

In "Jackspeak" (Royal Navy slang), it also refers to the dress uniform of junior ratings.
Capt. Benjamin James House
The Capt. Benjamin James House is a historic First Period house, now a museum, at 301 Driftway in Scituate, Massachusetts. The oldest part of this 2+1⁄2-story timber-frame house was built c. 1700 by Captain Benjamin James. During the 18th century it was enlarged to its present five-bay saltbox configuration. After James' death in 1788, the house was used by the town as a "pest house", isolating smallpox victims there.

The house is now home of the Maritime and Irish Mossing Museum, owned and maintained by the Scituate Historical Society. There are exhibits of the mossing industry, ship building on the North River, shipwrecks, life saving. It is open Sunday afternoons, 1–4 p.m. Sept through June. Sat and Sun, July and August.

The house was listed on the  National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

Chondrus crispus
Chondrus crispus—commonly called Irish moss or carrageenan moss (Irish carraigín, "little rock")—is a species of red algae  which grows abundantly along the rocky parts of the Atlantic coasts of Europe and North America. In its fresh condition it is soft and cartilaginous, varying in color from a greenish-yellow, through red, to a dark purple or purplish-brown. The principal constituent is a mucilaginous body, made of the polysaccharide carrageenan, which constitutes 55% of its dry weight. The organism also consists of nearly 10% dry weight protein and about 15% dry weight mineral matter, and is rich in iodine and sulfur. When softened in water it has a sea-like odour. Because of the abundant cell wall polysaccharides, it will form a jelly when boiled, containing from 20 to 100 times its weight of water.
Adolf Hoel
Adolf Hoel (15 May 1879 – 19 February 1964) was a Norwegian geologist, environmentalist and Polar region researcher. He led several scientific expeditions to Svalbard and Greenland. Hoel has been described as one of the most iconic and influential figures in Norwegian polar exploration in the first half of the 20th century, alongside Fridtjof Nansen and Roald Amundsen. His focus on and research of the polar areas has been largely credited as the reason Norway has sovereignty over Svalbard and Queen Maud Land in the Antarctica.

Hoel was the founding director of the Norwegian Polar Institute and served as rector of the University of Oslo and as President of the Norwegian Society for the Conservation of Nature.

Polar regions of Earth
The polar regions, also called the frigid zones or polar zones, of Earth are Earth's polar ice caps, the regions of the planet that surround its geographical poles (the North Pole and the South Pole), lying within the polar circles. These high latitudes are dominated by floating sea ice covering much of the Arctic Ocean in the north, and by the Antarctic ice sheet on the continent of Antarctica and the Southern Ocean in the south.
Azerbaijan–Hungary relations
Diplomatic relations between Azerbaijan and Hungary were established a year after the former state's declaration of independence from the Soviet Union.
Azerbaijan has an embassy in Budapest. Hungary has an embassy in Baku.

Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe. Hungary has observer status in the Organization of Turkic States, in which Azerbaijan is a full member.

Márton Gyöngyösi
Márton Gyöngyösi (born 8 June 1977) is a Hungarian economist and former politician, who served as the leader of the political party Jobbik between 2023 and 2025. He was a Member of Parliament from 2010 to 2019. He was the leader of the Jobbik's parliamentary group from 2018 to 2019. He was elected a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) in the 2019 European Parliament election, as a result he resigned from his seat in the national parliament.
Nefingus
Nefingus (died 12 September 973), in French Néfingue, was the bishop of Angers from 966 until his death. His predecessor, Aimo, died on 19 October 966.

Nefingus was a noted benefactor of the Abbey of Saint-Aubin d'Angers. With the support of Count Geoffrey I of Anjou, he replaced its secular canons with Benedictine monks and in 970 secured the abbey the right to elect its abbot free from outside interference. In 972 as bishop he confirmed its privileges. His death is recorded in the obituary of Angers Cathedral. He was succeeded by Renaud II, who secured his election with a simoniacal payment Count Geoffrey. According to the Annales de Vendôme, this succession plan was worked out in advance while Nefingus was still living. One effect of this plan was that the see did not fall vacant and the count was unable to collect the diocesan revenues, as he otherwise would have during a vacancy.

Simony
Simony (/ˈsɪməni/) is the act of selling church offices and roles or sacred things. It is named after Simon Magus, who is described in the Acts of the Apostles as having offered two disciples of Jesus payment in exchange for their empowering him to impart the power of the Holy Spirit to anyone on whom he would place his hands. The term extends to other forms of trafficking for money in "spiritual things".
Casa de Moneda de Coquimbo
The Casa de Moneda de Coquimbo was a mint  created in La Serena, established on September 27, 1827, due to the silver mining boom triggered by the discovery of silver at Arqueros (1825). From the point of view of the Chilean government of that period, to purchase silver and make coins in the province of Coquimbo was more economical than transport the silver to Santiago.

This mint is noted for being the only official mint located outside Santiago during the history of Chile.

Gregorio Cordovez del Caso was appointed as intendent of the mint on 24 June 1828.

Silver mining
Silver mining is the extraction of silver by mining. Silver is a precious metal and holds high economic value. Because silver is often found in intimate combination with other metals, its extraction requires the use of complex technologies. In 2008, approximately 25,900 metric tons of silver were consumed worldwide, most of which came from mining. Silver mining has a variety of effects on the environment, humans, and animals.
Bigger Than Life
Bigger Than Life is a 1956 American drama film directed by Nicholas Ray and starring James Mason, Barbara Rush and Walter Matthau. Its plot follows an ailing schoolteacher and family man whose life spins out of control when he misuses cortisone. It is based on a 1955 article by medical writer Berton Roueché in The New Yorker, titled "Ten Feet Tall". In addition to starring in the film, Mason produced it.

Although it was a box-office flop on its initial release, many modern critics hail it as a masterpiece and a brilliant indictment of contemporary attitudes toward mental illness. In 1963, Jean-Luc Godard named it one of the ten-best American sound films ever made.

Parent–teacher association
A parent–teacher association/organization (PTA/PTO), or parent–teacher–friend association (PTFA), is a formal organization comprising parents, teachers and staff that is intended to facilitate parental participation in a school. A parent–teacher–student association (PTSA) additionally invites students to participate and give input.
Souks of Tunis
The souks of Tunis are a set of shops and boutiques located in the medina of Tunis, capital of Tunisia. Most of the souks were built under the Hafsid dynasty in the 13th century and near the Al-Zaytuna Mosque.

They are organized in several streets and alleys.

Abu Zakariya Yahya
Abu Zakariya Yahya (Arabic: أبو زكريا يحيى بن أبو محمد عبد الواحد, Abu Zakariya Yahya I Ben Abu Muhamad Äbd Al-Wahid (1203–1249) was the second Caliph of the Hafsid Caliphate in Ifriqiya. He was the grandson of Abu Hafs Ümar Ibn Yahya Al-Hintati, the leader of the Hintata and governor Of Ifriqiya.
Thomas J. Schriber
Thomas Jude Schriber (October 28, 1935 – December 31, 2024) was an American academic, Professor Emeritus of Technology and Operations at the University of Michigan Ross School of Business, and a pioneer in computer simulation education. He was particularly known for his groundbreaking work on "Simulation using General Purpose Simulation System (GPSS)" and his contributions to business technology education that shaped generations of leaders in the field.

Ross School of Business
The University of Michigan Ross School of Business (branded as Michigan Ross) is the business school of the University of Michigan, a public research university in Ann Arbor, Michigan.

The school was originally established in 1924 as the School of Business Administration. Today, it offers bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees, as well as an executive education program. Michigan Ross also collaborates with other colleges and schools at the University of Michigan to offer dual degree programs. Additionally, the school's Executive Education program includes a Distinguished Leader Certificate. Michigan Ross maintains the tenth largest endowment among all business schools in the United States, with a total of US$435 million as of 2016.
Qazi Muhammad
Qazi Muhammad (Kurdish: قازی محەممەد, romanized: Qazî Mihemed, Persian: قاضی محمد; 1 May 1893 – 31 March 1947) was an Iranian Kurdish Islamic cleric and political leader who founded the Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan (PDKI) and was the first president of the short-lived, Soviet-backed, though internationally unrecognized, secessionist Republic of Mahabad. He was hanged by the Iranian government for treason in 1947.

Romanization of Kurdish
The romanization of Kurdish language is the practice of transcribing the Kurdish, traditionally written in both Arabic and Latin scripts, into a standardized Latin alphabet. The development of Kurdish romanization systems supports the need for digital communication, linguistic research, and accessibility for Kurdish speakers and Kurdish speakers in diaspora communities. These systems strive to maintain phonetic precision and consistency across the diverse Kurdish dialects.
Patty McCord
Patty McCord is a human resources (HR) consultant and executive.  She was the chief talent officer at Netflix. She joined Netflix in 1998.

McCord's path to Netflix started with her working with Reed Hastings at Pure Software. He called her after that company was sold and asked her to join another startup, that startup was called Netflix.

She was made redundant herself in 2012 as they transitioned away from a mail order DVD service to a streaming service. After receiving her own redundancy she wrote a book about these cultural ideas, Powerful: Building a Culture of Freedom and Responsibility, which was published in 2018. The book has achieved (as of this edit) a rank in the top 100 business books on Amazon.

Human resources
Human resources (HR) is the set of people who make up the workforce of an organization, business sector, industry, or economy. A narrower concept is human capital, the knowledge and skills which the individuals command.
Political and military events in Scotland during the reign of David I
Political and military events in Scotland during the reign of David I are the events which took place in Scotland during David I of Scotland's reign as King of Scots, from 1124 to 1153. When his brother Alexander I of Scotland died in 1124, David chose, with the backing of Henry I of England, to take the Kingdom of Alba for himself. David was forced to engage in warfare against his rival and nephew, Máel Coluim mac Alaxandair. Subduing the latter took David ten years, and involved the destruction of Óengus, mormaer of Moray. David's victory allowed him to expand his control over more distant regions theoretically part of the Kingdom. In this he was largely successful, although he failed to bring the Earldom of Orkney into his kingdom.

Alexander I of Scotland
Alexander I (medieval Gaelic: Alaxandair mac Maíl Coluim; modern Gaelic: Alasdair mac Mhaol Chaluim; c. 1078 – 23 April 1124), posthumously nicknamed The Fierce, was the King of Alba (Scotland) from 1107 to his death. He was the fifth son of Malcolm III and his second wife, Margaret, sister of Edgar Ætheling, a prince of the pre-conquest English royal house.

He succeeded his brother, King Edgar, and his successor was his brother David. He was married to Sybilla of Normandy, an illegitimate daughter of Henry I of England.
Jennie Phelps Purvis
Jennie Phelps Purvis (née, Phelps; pen name, Hagar; February 23, 1831 – November 16, 1924) was an American writer, suffragist, temperance reformer, and a California pioneer. She was well-known in literary circles in her early life -counting Bret Harte, Mark Twain, and Joaquin Miller as friends- and for some years, was a prominent officer and member of the California state suffrage society.

Bret Harte
Francis Brett Hart (August 25, 1836 – May 5, 1902), known as Bret Harte (/hɑːrt/ HART), was an American short story writer and poet best remembered for short fiction featuring miners, gamblers, and other romantic figures of the California Gold Rush. In a career spanning more than four decades, he also wrote poetry, plays, lectures, book reviews, editorials, and magazine sketches.

Harte moved from California to the eastern U.S. and later to Europe. He incorporated new subjects and characters into his stories, but his Gold Rush tales have been those most often reprinted, adapted, and admired.