hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Meno Burg
Meno Burg (9 October 1789 – 26 August 1853), known as the Judenmajor (Jew major), was a Prussian Army officer. Burg reached the highest rank ever attained by a Jew in the Prussian army during the 19th century. However, his military career was marred by constant antisemitism.

Antisemitism in Europe
Antisemitism, the prejudice or discrimination against Jews, has had a long history since the ancient times. While antisemitism had already been prevalent in ancient Greece and the Roman Empire, its institutionalization in European Christianity after the destruction of the ancient Jewish cultural center in Jerusalem caused two millennia of segregation, expulsions, persecutions, pogroms, and genocides of Jews, which culminated in the 20th-century Holocaust in Nazi German-occupied European states, where 67% of all European Jews were murdered.
Qiniyeh
Qiniyeh (Kurdish: Qînîçê) is a village in the Sinjar District, south of the Sinjar Mountains in the Nineveh Governorate in  Iraq. It is populated by Yazidis and gained international fame in 2014 through the genocide of the Islamic State on the Yazidis.

Nineveh Governorate
Nineveh Governorate is a governorate in northern Iraq. It has an area of 37,323 km2 (14,410 sq mi) and an estimated population of 2,453,000 people as of 2003. Its largest city and provincial capital is Mosul, which lies across the Tigris river from the ruins of ancient Nineveh. Before 1976, it was called Mosul Province and included the present-day Dohuk Governorate.

The region is home to many historical sites including the ancient Assyrian city of Nineveh, and the ruins of Hatra, a UNESCO World Heritage Site which was part of the 2nd-century Arab Kingdom of Hatra. An ethnically, religiously and culturally diverse region, where the second largest city, Tal Afar, has an almost exclusively Turkmen population.
Let's Do It 2008
Let's do it 2008 (Estonian: Teeme ära 2008) was a large campaign on 3 May 2008, to activate civic society in Estonia in an effort to cleanup the country from litter. It was organized by Let's Do It! World.

National CleanUp Day
National Cleanup Day is an annual event in the United States encouraging organized cleanup efforts. It is held on the third Saturday of September. The event is held in conjunction with World Cleanup Day. It is organized by the Non-Profit-Organization Clean Trails, and promotes individual and community volunteer activities to keep outdoor spaces clean and prevent plastic waste from entering the ocean.
Bennetot
Bennetot (French pronunciation: [bɛnto]) is a former commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy region in northern France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune Terres-de-Caux.

Seine-Maritime
Seine-Maritime (French pronunciation: [sɛn maʁitim] ⓘ) is a department of France in the Normandy region of northern France. It is situated on the northern coast of France, at the mouth of the Seine, and includes the cities of Rouen and Le Havre. Until 1955 it was named Seine-Inférieure. It had a population of 1,255,633 in 2019.
Discoceras
Discoceras is an extinct marine cephalopod mollusk,  a member of the Trocholitidae in the Tarphycerida. It is distinct from  Discosorus, It is characterized by closely coiled, gradually expanding shells with a subquadrate cross section, that may be ribbed or smooth. The sides are broadly rounded; the venter is wide and slightly rounded. The maximum width is slightly dorsal of the middle. The dorsum has a slight to moderate impression. The siphuncle starts off central for the first half whorl then becomes marginodorsal in the succeeding two whorls, then subdorsal at maturity. As with Trocholites, the dorsal siphuncle in Discoceras probably indicates an orientation during life that places the back of the living chamber high in the shell.

Discoceras has been found in Middle and Upper Ordovician sediments in Northern Europe, Baffin Island in Canada, Yunnan and Hubei provinces in China, and in Punjab, India.

Baffin Island
Baffin Island (formerly Baffin Land and also James Island), in the Canadian territory of Nunavut, is the largest island in Canada, the second-largest island in the Americas (behind Greenland), and the fifth-largest island in the world. Its area is 507,451 km2 (195,928 sq mi) (slightly smaller than Thailand) with a population density of 0.026/km2 (0.067/sq mi); the population was 13,039 according to the 2021 Canadian census; and it is located at 68°N 70°W﻿ / ﻿68°N 70°W﻿ / 68; -70﻿ (Baffin Island). Iqaluit, the capital of Nunavut, is located on Frobisher Bay on the southern tip of the island.
Thomas Kerr Lynch
Thomas Kerr Lynch (1818–1891) was an Irish explorer.

A younger brother of Henry Blosse Lynch (born 1807), Thomas was born at Partry House, Ballinrobe (then in County Galway but now in County Mayo) to Major Henry Blosse Lynch (1778–1823). The major had served in the 73rd Regiment and had an estate of fifteen hundred acres north of Ballinrobe. The Lynch family were one of The Tribes of Galway, been descended from Henry Lynch who died in 1635.

In 1837 he joined his brother Henry, who commanded an expedition up the Tigris river to Baghdad, a previously unaccomplished voyage.
Thomas went on to establish a steamer service on the Tigris. In the 1850s, Thomas, who had by then travelled extensively throughout Mesopotamia and Iran, was appointed Consul-General for Iran in London. He was made a Knight of the Order of the Lion and the Sun.

Thomas Kerr Lynch died in London in 1891.

Exploration
Exploration is the process of exploring, an activity which has some expectation of discovery. Organised exploration is largely a human activity, but exploratory activity is common to most organisms capable of directed locomotion and the ability to learn, and has been described in, amongst others, social insects foraging behaviour, where feedback from returning individuals affects the activity of other members of the group.
The Return of Conan
The Return of Conan is a 1957 fantasy novel written by Björn Nyberg and L. Sprague de Camp, featuring Robert E. Howard's  sword and sorcery hero Conan the Barbarian. It was first published in hardcover by Gnome Press and in paperback by Lancer Books as part of the collection Conan the Avenger in 1968; in this form it has been reprinted a number of times since by various publishers. It has also been translated into Japanese, German and Spanish.

L. Sprague de Camp
Lyon Sprague de Camp (/ˌspreɪɡdəˈkæmp/; November 27, 1907 – November 6, 2000) was an American author of science fiction, fantasy and non-fiction literature. In a career spanning 60 years, he wrote over 100 books,  including biographies of other fantasy authors. He was a major figure in science fiction in the 1930s and 1940s.
Posterior lateral nasal arteries
The sphenopalatine artery passes through the sphenopalatine foramen into the cavity of the nose, at the back part of the superior meatus. Here it gives off its posterior lateral nasal branches which spread forward over the conchæ and meatuses, anastomose with the ethmoidal arteries and the nasal branches of the descending palatine, and assist in supplying the frontal, maxillary, ethmoidal, and sphenoidal sinuses.

Frontal sinus
The frontal sinuses are one of the four pairs of paranasal sinuses that are situated behind the brow ridges. Sinuses are mucosa-lined airspaces within the bones of the face and skull. Each opens into the anterior part of the corresponding middle nasal meatus of the nose through the frontonasal duct which traverses the anterior part of the labyrinth of the ethmoid. These structures then open into the semilunar hiatus in the middle meatus.
Ludwig Leitner
Ludwig Leitner (February 24, 1940 – March 21, 2013) was a German alpine ski racer and world champion, born in Mittelberg, Austria.

Leitner became a world champion in the combined event in Innsbruck in 1964. He earned world championship bronze medals in the combined event 1962 and 1966.

Leitner competed at the 1960 Winter Olympics, where he finished 4th in slalom. At the 1964 Winter Olympics, he finished 5th in the slalom and 5th in the downhill.

Mittelberg
Mittelberg (Austrian German pronunciation: [ˈmɪtl̩bɛrɡ]) is a municipality and a village in the district of Bregenz in the Kleinwalsertal, in the Austrian state of Vorarlberg. It is accessible by road only from Germany.
Gala Site
Gala Site is a historic archaeological site located near Gala, Botetourt County, Virginia. The site was occupied by Native Americans from circa 3000-1000 B.C. to ca. 900–1607. Archaeological resources at the site include intact remains ranging in function from mortuary to architectural to subsistence as well as community refuse. The site has the potential to provide scholars invaluable information about Native American funerary practices, settlement patterns, ethnic diversity, and other information about the people who inhabited the upper James River portion of southwestern Virginia.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.

Botetourt County, Virginia
Botetourt County (/ˈbɒtətɒt/ BOT-ə-tot) is a US county that lies in the Roanoke Region of Virginia. Located in the mountainous portion of the state, the county is bordered by two major ranges, the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Appalachian Mountains.

Botetourt County was created in 1770 from part of Augusta County and was named for Norborne Berkeley, 4th Baron Botetourt. It originally comprised a vast area, which included the southern portion of present-day West Virginia and all of Kentucky. Portions were set off to form new counties beginning in 1772, until the current borders were established in 1851.

Botetourt County is part of the Roanoke Metropolitan Statistical Area, and the county seat is the town of Fincastle. As of the 2020 census, the county population was 33,596.
Athina Petropulu
Athina Petropulu (born in Kalamata Greece) is a Greek electrical engineer, researcher and academic. She is Distinguished Professor in the Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) Department at Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey. She has made contributions in signal processing, wireless communications and networks, and radar systems. She received many awards for her work in these areas.

Kalamata
Kalamata (Greek: Καλαμάτα [kalaˈmata]) is the second most populous city of the Peloponnese peninsula in southern Greece after Patras, and the largest city of the homonymous administrative region. As the capital and chief port of the Messenia regional unit, it lies along the Nedon River at the head of the Messenian Gulf.

The 2021 census recorded 72,906 inhabitants for the wider Kalamata Municipality, of which 66,135 resided in the municipal unit of Kalamata, and 58,816 in the city proper. Kalamata is renowned as the land of the Kalamatianos dance, Kalamata olives and Kalamata olive oil.
Mario Tolkmitt
Mario Tolkmitt (born 30 October 1970) is a German former professional footballer who played as a midfielder.

Tolkmitt made his first appearance with the first team of BFC Dynamo, then known as FC Berlin, away against HFC Chemie on the 18th matchday of the 1989–90 DDR-Oberliga on 24 Match 1990. He finished the season playing for BSG Bergmann-Borsig Berlin in the second tier DDR-Liga Staffeln A. BSG Bergmann-Borsig Berlin was affiliated to FC Berlin, and effectively functioned as a reserve team for FC Berlin at the time.

Tolkmitt was listed in the squad of the first team of FC Berlin at the beginning of the 1990–91 season, but was transferred on loan to SG Bermann-Borsig during the autumn of 1990. He returned to FC Berlin for the 1991–92 season. Tolkmitt would then be a regular player for FC Berlin in the 1991–92 NOFV-Oberliga. Tolkmitt was then signed by Bayer Leverkusen for the 1992–92 season.

Hallescher FC
Hallescher FC, formerly known as Hallescher FC Chemie, is a German association football club based in Halle an der Saale, Saxony-Anhalt. The club currently plays in the Regionalliga, the fourth highest level in the German football league system.

For many years, Halle had been in East Germany's highest league, the DDR-Oberliga, up-until the German reunification. However, like many other teams from the former East, it then suffered the effects of economic and demographic decline in the region in the 1990s and fell down to amateur leagues. Since 2000, Hallescher FC has ended its downward trend and in the 2011–12 season, they finally returned to a professional football league after 20 years of absence. They were relegated to the Regionalliga in 2024.
Hot Springs Story
Hot Springs Story is a hot spring resort business simulation video game developed and published by Kairosoft for the Android, iOS, and the Nintendo Switch. It was released for iOS on February 28, 2011, for Android on April 18, 2011, and for Nintendo Switch on October 11, 2018. The game focuses on a hot spring resort which the player is tasked with managing and making a profit from. It received mostly positive reviews from critics. A sequel, Hot Springs Story 2, was released in 2020.

Simulation video game
Simulation video games are a diverse super-category of video games, generally designed to closely simulate real world activities. A simulation game attempts to copy various activities from real life in the form of a game for various purposes such as training, analysis, prediction, or entertainment. Usually there are no strictly defined goals in the game, and the player is allowed to control a character or environment freely. Well-known examples are war games, business games, and role play simulation. From three basic types of strategic, planning, and learning exercises: games, simulations, and case studies, a number of hybrids may be considered, including simulation games that are used as case studies. Comparisons of the merits of simulation games versus other teaching techniques have been carried out by many researchers and a number of comprehensive reviews have been published.
2020 Pakistan Super League players draft
The player draft for the 2020 Pakistan Super League took place at National Cricket Academy, Lahore on 6 December 2019. The first round took place on 3 November 2019 to determine the pick order. As this season was scheduled to be held entirely in Pakistan, only the players who were comfortable with playing in Pakistan were included in this draft.

Lahore Qalandars
Lahore Qalandars is a Pakistani professional cricket franchise that competes in the Pakistan Super League, representing the city of Lahore, the capital of Punjab. The team plays its home matches at Gaddafi Stadium and is owned by the Rana brothers.

Formed in 2015, Lahore Qalandars was the second-most expensive franchise sold during the inaugural PSL team auction and one of the few purchased by an international group. The team struggled in its early seasons, finishing at the bottom of the table five times, but later emerged as one of the league's most successful teams, winning titles in 2022, 2023, and 2025.

The team is currently captained by Shaheen Afridi and coached by Russell Domingo. Fakhar Zaman is the team’s leading run-scorer, while Shaheen Afridi is the leading wicket-taker.
Kuchh Na Kaho
"Kuchh Na Kaho" is a romantic Hindi song from the film 1942: A Love Story. The song was composed by R. D. Burman with lyrics by Javed Akhtar and vocals by Kumar Sanu. It was the swan song of R. D. Burman, released three months after his death (January 1994). It is composed in the Dadra taal. Ronu Majumdar played the flute. Along with Ek Ladki Ko Dekha from the same movie, the song represented Kumar Sanu's peak as a singer. He also said on interview, this song "kuch na kaho" is used as treatment for cerebral palsy patients.

The song had another version, recorded by Lata Mangeshkar after RD Burman's death. This sad version was not well received by some critics. Noted film critic Raju Bharatan, who also wrote a biography of Lata Mangeshkar, remarked "we tuneful watchers agonized at the way Lata played such vocal havoc with Kuchh na kaho". Kavita Krishnamurthy had earlier recorded the sad version of the song on 15 July 1993, but her rendition was not released.

Kavita Krishnamurthy
Kavita Krishnamurthy (born as Sharada Krishnamurthy), is an Indian playback and classical singer. She has recorded 50,000 numerous songs in 45 various Indian languages including Hindi, Bengali, Kannada, Rajasthani, Bhojpuri, Telugu, Odia, Marathi, English, Urdu, Tamil, Malayalam, Gujarati, Nepali, Assamese, Konkani, Punjabi and other languages. She is the recipient of four Filmfare Best Female Playback Singer Awards (winning consecutively during 1995–1997), and the Padmashri which she received in 2005. She was awarded a Doctorate (Honoris Causa) for her contributions to Indian music by Bangalore-based Jain University in 2015. In 1999, she married noted violinist L. Subramaniam and resides in Bengaluru.
Seru Uru
Serupepeli Uru (born 3 January 1997) is a professional rugby union player who plays for the Queensland Reds in the Super Rugby. His playing position is flanker. Born in Fiji, Uru has represented Australia A and Australia, as well as the First Nations & Pasifika XV which was formed to play against the incoming British & Irish Lions team on their 2025 tour of Australia.

Uru attended the prestigious Ratu Kadavulevu School with whom he won the U18 Deans Trophy in 2015. He represented Fiji in Basketball and also Fiji under-20s in rugby which toured around Europe. He later came to Melbourne, Victoria and played club rugby for Power House Rugby Union and received best player in 2017 in Victoria. He later signed with Queensland Reds after the Melbourne Rebels failed to sign him on. Since then, he has won many awards with his club team's and is respected among his team as one of the gifted talent on the field.

2025 British & Irish Lions tour to Australia
The 2025 British & Irish Lions tour to Australia, known for sponsorship reasons as the Qatar Airways Lions Men's Series, was an international rugby union tour which took place in Australia between June and August 2025.

The British & Irish Lions, a team selected from players eligible to represent England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales, played a three-match Test series against Australia, as well as matches against Australia's four Super Rugby franchise teams, one against an invitational team made up of players from Australia and New Zealand, and a match against a team made up of players with First Nations and Pasifika origin. Ireland coach Andy Farrell was appointed as the Lions' head coach for the tour in January 2024.

After losing to Argentina in a pre-tour match, the Lions won all their matches in Australia, except the third Test. They won the Test series 2–1. Following the tour, The Independent reported that it was the most profitable tour in history by a significant margin.
Käru
Käru is a small borough (Estonian: alevik) in Türi Parish, Järva County, Estonia. Before the administrative reform in 2017, Käru was the administrative centre of Käru Parish.

Käru has a railway station on the railway line from Tallinn to Viljandi operated by Elron (rail transit).

Viljandi
Viljandi (Estonian pronunciation: [ˈvilʲːjɑnʲːdi]) is a city and municipality in southern Estonia with a population of 17,255 in 2024. It is the capital of Viljandi County and is geographically located between two major Estonian cities, Pärnu and Tartu.

The town was first mentioned in 1283, upon being granted its town charter by Wilhelm von Endorpe. The town became a member of the Hanseatic League at the beginning of the 14th century, and is one of five Estonian cities and cities in the league. The once influential Estonian newspaper Sakala was founded in Viljandi in 1878.
Bruker
Bruker Corporation is an American manufacturer of scientific instruments for molecular and materials research, as well as for industrial and applied analysis. It is headquartered in Billerica, Massachusetts, and is the publicly traded parent company of Bruker Scientific Instruments (Bruker AXS, Bruker BioSpin, Bruker Daltonics and Bruker Optics) and Bruker Energy & Supercon Technologies (BEST) divisions.

In April 2010, Bruker created a Chemical Analysis Division (headquartered in Fremont, CA) under the Bruker Daltonics subsidiary. This division contains three former Varian product lines: ICPMS systems, laboratory gas chromatography (GC), and GC-triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (originally designed by Bear Instruments and acquired by Varian in 2001).

In 2012, it sponsored the Fritz Feigl Prize, and since 1999 the company has also sponsored the Günther Laukien Prize.

Triple quadrupole mass spectrometer
A triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (TQMS), is a tandem mass spectrometer consisting of two quadrupole mass analyzers in series, with a (non-mass-resolving) radio frequency (RF)–only quadrupole between them to act as a cell for collision-induced dissociation. This configuration is often abbreviated QqQ, here Q1q2Q3.
Beating of Ken Tsang
On 15 October 2014, pro-democracy activist Ken Tsang was beaten by Hong Kong Police officers in Tamar Park, Admiralty, after being arrested in a police clearance operation during the 2014 Hong Kong protests.  Though not the only reported instance of police brutality during the protests, the assault gained notoriety as it was filmed from a distance by a Television Broadcasts Limited (TVB) news crew and broadcast to Hong Kong audiences.

In February 2017, seven police officers were convicted of the assault and were sentenced to two years in prison. On appeal, two of the officers had their convictions overturned and the remaining five had their sentences reduced to a bit over one year in prison.

Admiralty, Hong Kong
Admiralty (金鐘; Gāmjūng) is the eastern extension of the central business district (adjacent to, but separate from, Central) on the Hong Kong Island of Hong Kong. It is located on the eastern end of the Central and Western District, bordered by Wan Chai to the east and Victoria Harbour to the north.

The name of Admiralty refers to the former Admiralty Dock in the area which housed a naval dockyard. The dock was later demolished when land was reclaimed and developed northward as the naval base HMS Tamar. The Cantonese name, Kam Chung (金鐘), lit. "Golden Bell", refers to a gold-coloured bell that was used for timekeeping at Wellington Barracks.
Olga, Kentucky
Olga is an unincorporated community located in Russell County, Kentucky, United States.

The post office was transferred to what now is called "Olga" from nearby Old Olga in the 1920s; the post office closed permanently in 1941.

Russell County, Kentucky
Russell County is a county located in the U.S. Commonwealth of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 17,991.  Its county seat is Jamestown and its largest city is Russell Springs. The county was formed on December 14, 1825, from portions of Adair, Cumberland and Wayne Counties and is named for William Russell.

In 2015, the cities of Jamestown and Russell Springs became two of the first gigabit Internet communities in Kentucky with the completion of a state-of-the-art optical fiber network by the local telephone cooperative.

Wolf Creek Dam is located in southern Russell County. The dam impounds Cumberland River to form Lake Cumberland, a major tourism attraction for the county. Wolf Creek National Fish Hatchery is also located in Russell County just below the dam.

Until relatively recently Russell County was a dry county, meaning that the sale of alcohol was prohibited. It voted to go "wet" in a referendum held on January 19, 2016, by a margin of 3,833 to 3,423 votes.
Sunsphere
The Sunsphere is a 266-foot (81 m) tall hexagonal steel truss structure located in World's Fair Park in downtown Knoxville, Tennessee, United States. It is topped with the 75-foot (23 m) gold-colored glass sphere that served as the symbol of the 1982 World's Fair. Directly across a man-made pond from the Tennessee Amphitheater, they are the only remaining structures from the fair.

Hexagon
In geometry, a hexagon (from Greek ἕξ, hex, meaning "six", and γωνία, gonía, meaning "corner, angle") is a six-sided polygon. The total of the internal angles of any simple (non-self-intersecting) hexagon is 720°.