hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bruno Erhard Abegg
Bruno Erhard Abegg (17 January 1803 – 16 December 1848) was a Prussian statesman.

Abegg was born in Elbing (Elbląg) in West Prussia, where his father was a merchant and Privy TradeCouncil.

Beginning in 1822, Abegg studied law at the universities of Heidelberg and Königsberg, and practised in Danzig and Königsberg (now Gdańsk and Kaliningrad, respectively).  In 1831, he purchased a manor in Fischhausen (now Primorsk), becoming head of this district on 23 April 1833. He then moved to Königsberg, where he became superintendent of the police. In 1835, he was given the title of Privy Council of the Government in Berlin and sent to Breslau (Wrocław).

He became vice president of the Fünfzigerausschuss (Commission of the Fifty) in Frankfurt. Later, he was a member of the National Assembly in Berlin, where he died of an illness.

Abegg was a cousin of the criminalist Julius Friedrich Heinrich Abegg.

University of Königsberg
The University of Königsberg (German: Albertus-Universität Königsberg) was a university in Königsberg, East Prussia. It was founded in 1544 as the world's second Protestant academy (after the University of Marburg) by Duke Albert of Prussia and received the royal privilege by King Sigismund II Augustus of Poland in 1560. The university was commonly known as the Albertina.

Following World War II, the city of Königsberg (renamed Kaliningrad) was transferred to the Soviet Union under the terms of the 1945 Potsdam Agreement. The Albertina was closed and the remaining German population was expelled. Today, the Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University claims to maintain the traditions of the Albertina.
Kim language
The Kim language of southern Chad is an Mbum language spoken by 15,000 people. It is one of the three members of the Kim languages group, together with Besme and Goundo.

The language was once mistakenly classified as Chadic, and called Masa, a Chadic name.

There is strong dialectical divergence; Blench considers Garap (Éré), Gerep (Djouman, Jumam), Kolop (Kilop, Kolobo), and Kosop (Kwasap, Kim) to be distinct languages.

Mbum–Day languages
The Mbum–Day languages are a subgroup of the old Adamawa languages family (G6, G13, G14, & Day), provisionally now a branch of the Savanna languages. These languages are spoken in southern Chad, northwestern Central African Republic, northern Cameroon, and eastern Nigeria.
Soap (shoes)
Soap was a brand of athletic shoes designed specifically for grinding, similar in concept to aggressive inline skating. The shoes were introduced in 1996 by Chris Morris of Artemis Innovations Inc. under the brand name "Soap." They featured a plastic concavity embedded in the sole, enabling the wearer to grind on surfaces such as handrails, ledges, and pipes. The brand gained popularity through online communities and live demonstrations, and Soap shoes were featured in the Sonic the Hedgehog video game franchise. The brand faced legal and financial difficulties and was sold multiple times, eventually acquired by Heeling Sports Limited (HSL), the company behind Heelys.

Aggressive inline skating
Aggressive inline skating is a sub-discipline of inline skating in the action sports canon. Aggressive inline skates are designed to accommodate grinds and jumps, which can be performed on street obstacles or at skate parks.
Free Pascal Runtime Library
The Free Pascal Runtime Library, abbreviated RTL, is Free Pascal's runtime library.

The RTL consists of a collection of units that provide components and classes for general programming tasks. It acts as a basis for Free Pascal's Free Component Library (FCL) and the Lazarus Component Library (LCL). The RTL is licensed under the LGPL with a static linking exception.

Component-based software engineering
Component-based software engineering (CBSE), also called component-based development (CBD), is a style of software engineering that aims to construct a software system from components that are loosely coupled and reusable. This emphasizes the separation of concerns among components.

To find the right level of component granularity, software architects have to continuously iterate their component designs with developers. Architects need to take into account user requirements, responsibilities, and architectural characteristics.
Kaldenkirchen station
Kaldenkirchen station is the railway station on the Viersen–Venlo railway in the municipality of Kaldenkirchen, itself a town part of Nettetal in the Viersen district in western Germany. Between 1867 and 1999 it was also on the now closed Kempen–Venlo railway.

It is situated at the far western end of the Viersen to Venlo line, about three kilometers away from the Dutch border. In former times, it saw some high-profile traffic due to border regulations, but has largely fallen into disuse since the Schengen agreement has become effective. It is still pending renovation.

Viersen (district)
Viersen (German pronunciation: [ˈfiːɐ̯zn̩]) is a Kreis (district) in the west of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Neighboring districts are Cleves, Wesel, district-free Krefeld, Neuss, district-free Mönchengladbach, Heinsberg and the Dutch province of Limburg.
2009 Open Castilla y León
The 2009 Open Castilla y León was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the twenty fourth edition of the tournament which was part of the Tretorn SERIE+ of the 2009 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Segovia, Spain between 3 and 9 August 2009.

Segovia
Segovia (/sɪˈɡoʊviə/ sig-OH-vee-ə, US also /seɪˈ-/ say-GOH-, Spanish: [seˈɣoβja] ⓘ) is a city in the autonomous community of Castile and León, Spain. It is the capital and most populated municipality of the Province of Segovia. Segovia is located in the Inner Plateau of the Iberian Peninsula, near the northern slopes of the Sistema Central mountain range. Housing is nestled on a bend of the Eresma river.

The city is famous for its historic buildings including three main landmarks: its midtown Roman aqueduct, its cathedral (one of the last ones to be built in Europe following a Gothic style), and the Alcázar of Segovia (a fortress). The city center was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1985.
Esteban Solari
Esteban Andrés Solari Poggio (Spanish pronunciation: [esˈteβan soˈlaɾi]; born 2 June 1980) is an Argentine football manager and former professional player who played as a forward. He is the head coach of Liga MX club Pachuca.

2011–12 UEFA Champions League
The 2011–12 UEFA Champions League was the 57th season of Europe's premier club football tournament organised by UEFA, and the 20th season in its current Champions League format. As part of a trial that started in the 2009–10 UEFA Europa League, two extra officials – one behind each goal – were used in all matches of the competition from the play-off round.

The final was held at the Allianz Arena in Munich, Germany. Chelsea's caretaker manager Roberto Di Matteo led the club to win their first Champions League title after beating Bayern Munich 4–3 on penalties in the final. As tenants of the Allianz Arena (known as Fußball Arena München for the final), Bayern were the first finalists to have home advantage since 1984. By winning the tournament, Chelsea earned a berth at the 2012 FIFA Club World Cup and 2012 UEFA Super Cup. Barcelona were the defending champions, but were eliminated by the eventual winners Chelsea in the semi-finals.
Sole Survivor (novel)
Sole Survivor is a novel by the best-selling author Dean Koontz, published in 1997. It centres around a man named Joe, who having lost his young family in a plane crash, is mysteriously approached by a woman who claims to have survived it. It was adapted into the 2000 film Sole Survivor.

Dean Koontz
Dean Ray Koontz (born July 9, 1945) is an American author. His novels are billed as suspense thrillers, but frequently incorporate elements of horror, fantasy, science fiction, mystery, and satire. Many of his books have appeared on The New York Times Best Seller list, with fourteen hardcovers and sixteen paperbacks reaching the number-one position. Koontz wrote under a number of pen names earlier in his career, including "David Axton", "Deanna Dwyer", "K. R. Dwyer", "Leigh Nichols" and "Brian Coffey". He has published over 105 novels and a number of novellas and collections of short stories, and has sold over 500 million copies of his work. He has been acknowledged as “America’s most popular suspense novelist” by Rolling Stone and as one of today’s most celebrated and successful writers.
Ixora Rojas Paz
Ixora Robertina Rojas Paz (June 24, 1955 – June 19, 2016) was a Venezuelan lawyer and politician. She represented Zulia in the National Congress of Venezuela and served as president of the Chamber of Deputies from 1998 to 1999.

Zulia
Zulia State (Spanish: Estado Zulia, IPA: [esˈtaðo ˈsulja]; Wayuu: Mma’ipakat Suuria) is one of the 23 states of Venezuela. The state capital is Maracaibo. As of the 2011 census, it had a population of 3,704,404, making it the most populous state in the country. Zulia is also notable for being one of the few states in Venezuela where voseo—the use of vos as the second-person singular pronoun—is widespread. The state is coterminous with the eponymous region of Zulia.

Zulia is located in northwestern Venezuela, bordering Lake Maracaibo, the largest body of its kind in Latin America. The lake's basin holds some of the largest oil and gas reserves in the Western Hemisphere.

Zulia is economically significant due to its oil and mineral exploitation, but it is also one of Venezuela's major agricultural regions. The state contributes notably in livestock, bananas, fruits, meat, and milk.
Sage Stephens
Sage Stephens (born 8 April 1991) is a South African soccer player who plays as a goalkeeper for Stellenbosch in the South African Premier Division and the South African national soccer team.

Stephens played six years for Moroka Swallows, but mostly stayed on the bench. He then spent two years with AmaZulu, then in the National First Division. In 2017 he was acquired by Cape Town City, which was seen by the Times as a surprise, but Stephens won the spot as starting goalkeeper ahead of Shu-Aib Walters.

With Cape Town City, Stephens finished second in the 2017 MTN 8. He gradually lost his place to Peter Leeuwenburgh, and was released in September 2020. Stephens was promptly signed by Stellenbosch.

Stephens helped Stellenbosch win the 2023 Carling Knockout Cup. Signing a new contract in 2024, at the time he was the most-capped goalkeeper in Stellenbosch F.C.'s history. By January 2024, half of the games he had played in the 2023–24 South African Premier Division were clean sheets.

South African Premiership
The South African Premiership, also known as the Betway Premiership for sponsorship reasons, and commonly referred to as the PSL after its governing body, is a professional soccer league in South Africa and the highest level of the South African soccer league system. It has been organised since 1996.

The 2024–25 season started on 14 September 2024, Mamelodi Sundowns successfully defended the title in 2025 which they've held continuously since the 2017–18 season.
Khelil Bouhageb
Khelil Bouhageb (27 August 1863 in Tunis – 8 February 1942 in La Marsa) was a Tunisian politician and reformer. He served as Prime Minister of Tunisia from 1926 to 1932, after his death of Mustapha Dinguizli. Bouhageb was the son of Sheikh Salem Bouhageb; his brother was the doctor Hassine Bouhageb.

La Marsa
La Marsa (Tunisian Arabic: المرسى Il Marṣāⓘ) is a coastal city located in the northeastern part of Tunisia, situated along the Mediterranean Sea. It is part of the Tunis Governorate and has a population of around 100,000 people. The city is known for its beaches, upscale residential areas, and lively atmosphere, with numerous restaurants, cafes, and shops. It is connected to Tunis by the TGM railway. Gammarth is adjacent to El Marsa further up the coast.
Black Diamond Conference
The Black Diamond Athletic Conference (BDC) is a high school athletic conference represented by 13 schools in the southern portion of Illinois. The conference currently offers championships for girls in basketball, cross country, golf, softball, track and field, and volleyball. In boys' sports, the BDC offers championships in baseball, basketball, cross country, football, golf, track and field, and wrestling.

Amateur sports
Amateur sports are sports in which participants engage largely or entirely without remuneration. The distinction is made between amateur sporting participants and professional sporting participants, who are paid for the time they spend competing and training. In the majority of sports which feature professional players, the professionals will participate at a higher standard of play than amateur competitors, as they can train full-time without the stress of having another job. The majority of worldwide sporting participants are amateurs.

Sporting amateurism was a zealously guarded ideal in the 19th century, especially among the upper classes, but faced steady erosion throughout the 20th century with the continuing growth of pro sports and monetisation of amateur and collegiate sports, and is now strictly held as an ideal by fewer and fewer organisations governing sports, even as they maintain the word "amateur" in their titles.
Matt Kinsinger
Matthew Mark Kinsinger (born March 16, 1977) is an American former professional football fullback/linebacker who played in the Arena Football League for the Houston ThunderBears, San Jose SaberCats, Las Vegas Gladiators, and Chicago Rush.

Houston ThunderBears
The Houston ThunderBears were a professional arena football team based in Houston, Texas. The team finished the 2001 season as a member of the Western Division of the American Conference of the Arena Football League (AFL). The team joined the AFL in 1996 as the expansion Texas Terror. After their first two years of existence, the franchise changed their name to the Houston ThunderBears. Plagued with attendance problems through the majority of their existence, the team folded in 2001. Home games were played at the Compaq Center.

The six seasons in which the team played coincided with the absence of the National Football League from the Houston market; the Houston Oilers had announced their departure from the city after the 1996 season, and the Houston Texans began play in 2002. Many of the same issues that led to the Oilers' departure, including poor attendance and a decline in the price of oil that drove Houston's economy, also affected the Thunderbears.
Judge Advocate General Branch (Pakistan)
The Judge Advocate General Branch  is a military administrative and the combined staff service branch of the Pakistan Army.: 431

The Judge Advocate General Branch is an army's branch,: 47  but it has provided the legal services and justice to all branches of the Pakistani military and processes the proceedings of the field general courts-martial on occasions.: 431–432

Military administration
Military administration identifies both the techniques and systems used by military departments, agencies, and armed services involved in managing the armed forces. It describes the processes that take place within military organisations outside combat, particularly in managing military personnel, their training, and services they are provided with as part of their military service.

In cases of military government, for example during a military occupation, the management and control of civilians, and provision of services to them, may also be in scope.

In many ways military administration serves the same role as public administration in the civil society, and is often cited as a source of bureaucracy in the government as a whole. Given the wide area of application, military administration is often qualified by specific areas of application within the military, such as logistics administration, administration of doctrine development or military reform administration.
Claire Carleton
Claire Carleton (September 28, 1913 – December 11, 1979) was an American actress whose career spanned four decades from the 1930s through the 1960s. She appeared in over 100 films, the majority of them features, and on numerous television shows, including several recurring roles. In addition to her screen acting, she had a successful stage career.

Alfred Hitchcock Presents
Alfred Hitchcock Presents is an American television anthology series created, hosted and produced by Alfred Hitchcock, airing on CBS and NBC, alternately, between 1955 and 1965. It features dramas, thrillers, and mysteries. In 1962, it was renamed The Alfred Hitchcock Hour. Hitchcock directed only 17 episodes during its run.

By the time the show premiered on October 2, 1955, Hitchcock had been directing films for over three decades. In the 21st century, Time magazine named Alfred Hitchcock Presents as one of "The 100 Best TV Shows of All Time". The Writers Guild of America ranked it #79 on their list of the 101 Best-Written TV Series, tying it with Monty Python's Flying Circus, Star Trek: The Next Generation and Upstairs, Downstairs. In 2021, Rolling Stone ranked it 18th on its list of 30 Best Horror TV Shows of All Time.
Gorges du Gardon
The Gorges du Gardon form a canyon carved out by the river Gardon, a tributary of the Rhône with its source in the Cévennes. They are located in the heart of the Gard department in the Occitanie region.

The local nature reserve of the Gorges du Gardon (RNR157) was classified as a nature reserve in 2007 and occupies an area of 491 hectares.

On 9 June 2015, the Gorges du Gardon were designated a Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO, provided by the Joint Association coordonnée of the gorges du Gardon.

Rhône
The Rhône (/roʊn/ ROHN, French: [ʁon] ⓘ; Occitan: Ròse; Arpitan: Rôno) is a major river in France and Switzerland, rising in the Alps and flowing west and south through Lake Geneva and Southeastern France before discharging into the Mediterranean Sea (Gulf of Lion). At Arles, near its mouth, the river divides into the Great Rhône (French: le Grand Rhône; Occitan: Grand Ròse) and the Little Rhône (le Petit Rhône; Pichon Ròse). The resulting delta forms the Camargue region.

The river's source is the Rhône Glacier, at the eastern edge of the Swiss canton of Valais. The glacier is part of the Saint-Gotthard Massif, which gives rise to three other major rivers: the Reuss, Rhine and Ticino.

The Rhône is, with the Po and the Nile, one of the three Mediterranean rivers with the largest water discharge.
2018 Italian Open – Men's singles
Rafael Nadal defeated defending champion Alexander Zverev in the final, 6–1, 1–6, 6–3 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 2018 Italian Open. It was his record-extending eighth Italian Open title and his record-extending 32nd Masters 1000 title overall. With the win, Nadal also regained the world No. 1 singles ranking.

After failing to defend his runner-up points from the previous year, Novak Djokovic fell outside the top 20 in rankings for the first time since October 2006.

Italian Open (tennis)
The Italian Open (Italian: Internazionali d'Italia; currently branded as the Internazionali BNL d'Italia for sponsorship reasons), also known as the Rome Masters, is an annual professional tennis tournament held in Rome, Italy. It is played on clay courts at the Foro Italico, and is held during the second week of May. The tournament is part of the ATP 1000 events on the ATP Tour and part of the WTA 1000 events on the WTA Tour. The two events were combined in 2011.
Clyde Edwards
Clyde Edwards is a retired Barbadian sprinter who specialized in the 400 metres.

He became Central American and Caribbean junior champion in 1976.

At the 1984 Olympic Games he finished sixth in the 4 x 400 metres relay, together with teammates Richard Louis, David Peltier and Elvis Forde. Their time of 3:01.60 minutes is still the Barbadian record. Edwards also competed in the 4 x 100 metres relay at the 1984 Olympics.

Athletics at the 1984 Summer Olympics
At the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, 41 events in athletics were contested. There were a total number of 1273 participating athletes from 124 countries. Women's marathon, women's 3000 meters, and women's 400 meters hurdles debuted at these Games.
John Watney
Sir John Watney FSA (27 January 1834 – 25 March 1923), a member of the Watney family, was Honorary Secretary of the City and Guilds of London Institute for the Advancement of Technical Education from 1878 to 1920 and Chairman of Council of the City and Guilds of London Institute from 1921 to 1923.

He was the eldest son of John Watney and Susannah Dormay of Mitcham, Surrey. His uncle was James Watney, brewer and one time Master of the Mercers' Company. He was educated at Harrow and became a solicitor in 1857. In 1864 he married Elizabeth Dendy.

He was appointed as Lieutenant for the City of London, and served for over thirty years as Clerk to the Mercers' Company and to the Gresham Committee, a position from which he retired on 1 February 1907.

He was knighted on 30 June 1900 at Windsor Castle.

Mitcham
Mitcham is an area within the London Borough of Merton in South London, England. It is centred 7.2 miles (11.6 km) southwest of Charing Cross. Originally a village in the county of Surrey, today it is mainly a residential suburb, and includes Mitcham Common. It has been a settlement throughout recorded history.

Amenities include Mitcham Library and Mitcham Cricket Green. Nearby major districts are Croydon, Sutton, Beddington, Wimbledon, Morden, Tooting, Streatham, Norbury and Colliers Wood. Mitcham, most broadly defined, had a population of 63,393 in 2011, formed from six wards including Pollards Hill.
ATA Bus
ATA Bus is a private, not-for-profit bus system in Riley County, Kansas, United States that provides fixed-route, paratransit, and safe ride services. It is funded by county, state, and federal tax dollars. ATA Bus began fixed-route bus service in April 2012 for the rapidly expanding Manhattan, KS urban area. ATA originally stood for Aging Transportation Agency but now stands for Area Transportation Agency.

Riley County, Kansas
Riley County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kansas.  Its county seat and largest city is Manhattan.  As of the 2020 census, the population was 71,959.  The county was named after Bennet Riley, the 7th governor of California, and a Mexican–American War hero.  Riley County is home to Fort Riley and Kansas State University.
German submarine U-99 (1940)
German submarine U-99 was a Type VIIB U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. She was laid down on 31 March 1939 at the Friedrich Krupp Germaniawerft in Kiel as yard number 593. She was launched on 12 March 1940 under the command of Korvettenkapitän Otto Kretschmer and was assigned to the 7th U-boat Flotilla based in Kiel and later in St Nazaire.

U-99 was one of the most successful German U-boats in the war, sinking 38 ships for a total tonnage of 244,658 gross register tons (GRT) of Allied shipping in eight patrols. She damaged five more ships and took one vessel as a prize.
U-99 was sunk on 17 March 1941 by British destroyer HMS Walker while attacking convoy HX 112.

Prize (law)
In admiralty law, prizes (from the Old French prise, "taken, seized") are equipment, vehicles, vessels, and cargo captured during armed conflict. The most common use of prize in this sense is the capture of an enemy ship and its cargo as a prize of war. In the past, the capturing force would commonly be allotted a share of the worth of the captured prize. Nations often granted letters of marque that would entitle private parties to capture enemy property, usually ships. Once the ship was secured on friendly territory, it would be made the subject of a prize case: an in rem proceeding in which the court determined the status of the condemned property and the manner in which the property was to be disposed of.