hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ponte Nuovo
Ponte Nuovo is a frazione of the comune of Deruta in the Province of Perugia, Umbria, central Italy. It stands at an elevation of 176 metres above sea level. At the time of the Istat census of 2001 it had 589 inhabitants.

Province of Perugia
The province of Perugia (Italian: provincia di Perugia) is the larger of the two provinces in the Umbria region of Italy, comprising two-thirds of both the area and population of the region. Its capital is the city of Perugia. The province covered all of Umbria until 1927, when the province of Terni was carved out of its southern third. The province of Perugia has an area of 6,337 km2 and a total population of 636,531 as of 2025, covering about two-thirds of Umbria. It has 59 municipalities.

The province has numerous tourist attractions, especially artistic and historical ones, and is home to the Lake Trasimeno, the largest lake of Central Italy. It is historically the ancestral origin of the Umbri, while later it was a Roman province and then part of the Papal States until the late 19th century.
Duncan's new multiple range test
In statistics, Duncan's new multiple range test (MRT) is a multiple comparison procedure developed by David B. Duncan in 1955. Duncan's MRT belongs to the general class of multiple comparison procedures that use the studentized range statistic qr to compare sets of means.

David B. Duncan developed this test as a modification of the Student–Newman–Keuls method that would have greater power. Duncan's MRT is especially protective against false negative (Type II) error at the expense of having a greater risk of making false positive (Type I) errors. Duncan's test is commonly used in agronomy and other agricultural research.

The result of the test is a set of subsets of means, where in each subset means have been found not to be significantly different from one another.

This test is often followed by the Compact Letter Display (CLD) methodology that renders the output of such test much more accessible to non-statistician audiences.

Agronomy
Agronomy is the science and technology of producing and using plants by agriculture for food, fuel, fiber, chemicals, recreation, or land conservation. Agronomy has come to include research of plant genetics, plant physiology, meteorology, and soil science. It is the application of a combination of sciences such as biology, chemistry, economics, ecology, earth science, and genetics. Professionals in the field are known as agronomists.
Røst Airport
Røst Airport (Norwegian: Røst lufthavn; IATA: RET, ICAO: ENRS) is a regional airport serving Røst Municipality in Nordland county, Norway.  The airport is located on the northern edge of the main island of Røstlandet, just north of the main village of Røstlandet. It is owned and operated by the state-owned Avinor, and the tower is remotely controlled from Bodø.

The airport handled 9,889 passengers in 2014. Services are provided by Widerøe, operating Dash 8-100 aircraft on contract with the Ministry of Transport and Communications to Bodø Airport and Leknes Airport.

Røst was first served using seaplanes from the 1960s, and then by helicopters from 1970. Røst Airport opened on 1 June 1986, initially with Widerøe operating de Havilland Canada Twin Otters. From 2000 to 2001 the service was operated by Guard Air, and from 2003 to 2008 by Kato Air; otherwise Widerøe has flown the route.

De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter
The de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter is a Canadian STOL (short takeoff and landing) utility aircraft developed by de Havilland Canada in the mid-1960s and still in production. It was built by De Havilland Canada from 1965 to 1988. In 2022, Viking Air purchased the type certificate and restarted production in 2008, before re-adopting the name De Havilland Canada. In 2023, DHC started production of the 300-G, an upgraded version of the Series 400 with Garmin avionics.

The aircraft's fixed tricycle undercarriage, STOL capabilities, twin turboprop engines and high rate of climb have made it a successful commuter airliner, typically seating 18–20 passengers, as well as a cargo and medical evacuation aircraft. The Twin Otter has also been popular with commercial skydiving operations and is used by the United States Army Parachute Team and the 98th Flying Training Squadron of the United States Air Force.
Nogent-le-Roi
Nogent-le-Roi (French pronunciation: [nɔʒɑ̃ lə ʁwa]) is a commune in the department of Eure-et-Loir in the Centre-Val de Loire region in France. In January 1973 it absorbed the former commune Vacheresses-les-Basses.

It is located 27 kilometres north of Chartres and 18 kilometres south-east of Dreux.

Centre-Val de Loire
Centre-Val de Loire (/ˌvæl də ˈlwɑːr, ˌvɑːl-/; French pronunciation: [sɑ̃tʁ(ə) val də lwaʁ], lit. 'Centre-Loire Valley'), or simply Centre as it was known until 2015, is one of the eighteen administrative regions of France. It straddles the middle Loire Valley in the interior of the country, encompassing six departments (Cher, Eure-et-Loir, Indre, Indre-et-Loire, Loir-et-Cher and Loiret), with a population of 2,572,853 as of 2018. Its prefecture is Orléans, and its largest city is Tours.
Carriganass Castle
51°45′14″N 9°22′44″W﻿ / ﻿51.754°N 9.379°W﻿ / 51.754; -9.379

Carriganass Castle (Caisleán Charraig an Easa in Irish, meaning The Castle on the Rock of the Waterfall) is a 16th-century tower house in County Cork. It is situated about 8 kilometres north-east of Bantry, close to the village of Kealkill, in West Cork.

Bantry
Bantry (Irish: Beanntraí, meaning '(place of) Beann's people') is a town in the civil parish of Kilmocomoge in the barony of Bantry on the southwest coast of County Cork, Ireland. It lies in West Cork at the head of Bantry Bay, a deep-water gulf extending for 30 km (19 mi) to the west. The Beara Peninsula is to the northwest, with Sheep's Head peninsula to the southwest.

The focus of the town is a large square, formed partly by infilling of the shallow inner harbour. In former times, this accommodated regular cattle fairs; after modernising as an urban plaza, it now features a weekly market and occasional public functions. Two piers protect the harbour.

Bantry is in the Dáil constituency of Cork South-West.
Karl Jennings
Karl Anthony Jennings (born May 14, 1979 in Toronto, Ontario) is a Canadian hurdler, specializing in the 110 metres hurdles. He has also run the 440 metre, 60 metre, and 55 metre events. Jennings graduated from high school in Scotch Plains, New Jersey and attended the University of Tennessee, where he earned his BA in Psychology.

Jennings is a four-time Canadian National Champion in the 110 metre hurdles (2005, 2008, 2009, 2010). He was a member of the Canadian 2003 Pan American Athletics team in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic and the Canadian 2005 World Championship team in Helsinki, Finland.

2005 World Championships in Athletics
The 10th World Championships in Athletics (Finnish: Yleisurheilun maailmanmestaruuskilpailut 2005, Swedish: Världsmästerskapen i friidrott 2005), under the auspices of the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF), were held in the Olympic Stadium, Helsinki, Finland (6 August 2005 – 14 August 2005), the site of the first IAAF World Championships in 1983. One theme of the 2005 championships was paralympic events, some of which were included as exhibition events. Much of the event was played in extremely heavy rainfall.
Zachary W. Carter
Zachary W. Carter (born March 19, 1950) is an American lawyer who served as Corporation Counsel of New York City under Mayor Bill de Blasio and United States Attorney for the Eastern District of New York under President Bill Clinton. His term as U.S. Attorney was notable for the prosecutions of the police officers in the Abner Louima case, Jordan Belfort, and those involved in the death of Yankel Rosenbaum during the Crown Heights riot of 1991. Between his tenures in government service, Carter was a partner at Dorsey & Whitney.

Carter graduated from Cornell University in 1972, where he participated in the 1969 takeover of Willard Straight Hall, resulting in charges of criminal trespass that were later dismissed. Carter was admitted to the New York Bar and eventually became a judge of the New York City Criminal Court.

Dorsey & Whitney
Dorsey & Whitney LLP (known as Dorsey) is a law firm based in the United States with approximately 580 attorneys, located between 22 offices in the United States, Canada, Europe, and Asia as of 2025. The firm's headquarters is in Minneapolis, Minnesota, where it was founded. As of 2025, Dorsey is led by managing partner Peter Nelson.  The firm's lawyers have included several prominent public figures, including former U.S. Vice President Walter Mondale.
USS Croatan (CVE-25)
USS Croatan (CVE-25) (previously AVG-25 then ACV-25) was a Bogue-class escort carrier launched on 1 August 1942 by the Seattle-Tacoma Shipbuilding Corporation of Seattle, Washington, under a Maritime Commission contract; sponsored by Mrs. J. S. Russell; and commissioned on 28 April 1943.

Seattle–Tacoma Shipbuilding Corporation
The Seattle–Tacoma Shipbuilding Corporation (later renamed Todd Pacific Shipyards, Inc.) was an American shipbuilding company which built escort carriers, destroyers, cargo ships and auxiliaries for the United States Navy and merchant marine during World War II. It consisted of two yards, one in Seattle and one in Tacoma, along the Puget Sound of Washington. It was the largest producer of destroyers (45) on the West Coast and the largest producer of escort carriers of various classes (56) of any United States shipyard active during World War II.
Hannover-Leinhausen station
Hanover-Leinhausen is a railway station located in Hanover, Germany. The station is located on the Hanover–Minden railway, Bremen–Hanover railway. The train services are operated by Deutsche Bahn as part of the Hanover S-Bahn.

Hanover–Minden railway
The Hanover–Minden railway is one of the most important railways in Lower Saxony and railway in Germany. It connects the capital of Lower Saxony, Hanover via Wunstorf, Stadthagen and Bückeburg with Minden, Osnabrück, Amsterdam and the Ruhr.
Kentrell Brice
Kentrell Montez Brice (born August 11, 1994) is an American former professional football safety. He played college football at Louisiana Tech and signed with the Green Bay Packers as an undrafted free agent in 2016. He has also been a member of the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, Seattle Dragons, Chicago Bears, Arizona Cardinals, Saskatchewan Roughriders, and DC Defenders.

Louisiana Tech Bulldogs football
The Louisiana Tech Bulldogs football team represents Louisiana Tech University in college football at the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision level. After 12 seasons in the Western Athletic Conference, Louisiana Tech began competing as a member of Conference USA in 2013.

Since its first season in 1901, Louisiana Tech has compiled an all-time record of 653 wins, 508 losses, and 37 ties. In 121 football seasons, the Bulldogs have won 3 Division II national championships, won 25 conference championships, and played in 30 postseason games, including 15 major college bowl games. Since 1968, the Bulldogs have played their home games at Joe Aillet Stadium in Ruston, Louisiana. The program's current head coach is Sonny Cumbie.

The Bulldogs will join the Sun Belt Conference as a full member no later than July 1, 2027.
Tamer Bayoumi
Tamer Salah Ali Abdu Bayoumi  (Egyptian Arabic: تامر بيومى; born 12 April 1982) is an Egyptian taekwondo athlete who won a bronze medal in the 58 kg weight class at the 2004 Summer Olympics after defeating Juan Antonio Ramos of Spain. He also won a bronze at the 2007 World Championships.

Spain at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Spain competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece, from August 13 to 29, 2004. This nation has competed in every Summer Olympic Games since its official debut in 1920. Spain, however, boycotted two editions, the 1936 Summer Olympics in Nazi Germany, and the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne when it joined the Dutch-led boycott, as a protest to the Soviet invasion of Hungary. The Spanish Olympic Committee sent the nation's third largest delegation in history to the Games. A total of 317 athletes, 177 men and 140 women, competed in 26 sports.
Love Will Find Its Way to You
"Love Will Find Its Way to You" is a song written by Dave Loggins and J.D. Martin, and recorded by American country music artist Reba McEntire.  It was released in January 1988 as the second single from the album The Last One to Know.  The song was McEntire's tenth number one country single.  The single went to number one for one week and spent a total of thirteen weeks within the top 40. It was previously recorded by Lee Greenwood for his 1986 album of the same name and by Marie Osmond on her 1985 album, There's No Stopping Your Heart.

Dave Loggins
David Allen Loggins (November 10, 1947 – July 10, 2024) was an American singer, songwriter, and musician. He is best known for his 1974 hit single "Please Come to Boston" as well as his 1984 duet with Anne Murray, "Nobody Loves Me Like You Do".
1964 Australia Cup final
The 1964 Australia Cup final was the third Australia Cup Final, the final match of the 1964 Australia Cup. It was played at Olympic Park Stadium in Melbourne, Australia, on 1 November 1964, contested by George Cross and APIA Leichhardt. George Cross won the match 3–2 after extra time, with one goal each from Archie Campbell and two own goals.

Olympic Park Stadium (Melbourne)
Olympic Park Stadium was a multi-purpose outdoor stadium located on Olympic Boulevard in inner Melbourne, Australia. The stadium was built as an athletics training venue for the 1956 Olympics, a short distance from the Melbourne Cricket Ground, which served as the Olympic Stadium. Over the years it was the home of rugby league side, Melbourne Storm and the A-League team, Melbourne Victory; throughout its life the stadium played host to athletics. Olympic Park Stadium was located in Olympic Park, which is part of the Melbourne Sports and Entertainment Precinct.

Olympic Park Stadium was demolished in 2012, and replaced with an Australian rules football ground. This new ground, Olympic Park Oval, has been used by the Collingwood Football Club for training purposes, it being adjacent to the Melbourne Sports and Entertainment Centre.
Arauz
Arauz or Araúz is a surname of Basque origin. Notable persons with that name include:

Blanca Aráuz (1909–1933), first National Heroine of Nicaragua

Félix Aráuz (1935–2024), Ecuadorian painter

Hansell Arauz (born 1989), Costa Rican football player

Gardenia Arauz (born 1972), Bolivian politician

Jonathan Araúz (born 1998), Panamanian professional baseball player

José María Araúz de Robles Estremera (1898–1977), Spanish politician, businessman and bull breeder

Marcelo Araúz Lavadenz (born 1934), Bolivian festival director, culture promoter, choir leader, and music educator

Oscar Araúz (born 1980), Bolivian football player

Randall Arauz, Costa Rican environmentalist specialist in shark conservation

Reina Torres de Araúz (1932–1982), Panamanian anthropologist, ethnographer and professor

Vanessa Arauz (born 1989), Ecuadorian football manager

José María Araúz de Robles Estremera
José María Araúz de Robles Estremera (1898–1977) was a Spanish Carlist and Alfonsist politician, businessman and bull breeder. He is recognized as a theorist of Traditionalist labor organisation and an advocate of gremialism, a counter-proposal to the Francoist vertical syndicates. His lineage of bulls was fairly popular in the 1950s and became a point of reference in the business, to go into decline in the 1970s.
The Tree (1969 film)
The Tree is a 1969 American film that was written, produced, and directed, by Robert Guenette. A psychological drama revolving around the kidnapping of a young child, the film stars Jordan Christopher, Eileen Heckart, Alan Landers, Gale Dixon, James Broderick, Kathy Ryan, Ruth Ford, and George Rose.

George Rose (actor)
George Walter Rose (19 February 1920 – 5 May 1988) was an English actor and singer in theatre and film. He won the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical for roles in My Fair Lady and The Mystery of Edwin Drood.
French Prairie
French Prairie is located in Marion County, Oregon, United States, in the Willamette Valley between the Willamette River and the Pudding River, north of Salem. The prairie area roughly corresponds to the traditional land of the Kalapuya people much decimated by pandemics during the 1830s. The fertile land would become highly contended for. The area was subsequently named after some of the earliest settlers of that part of the Oregon Country, French Canadian/Métis people who were mostly former employees of the Hudson's Bay Company.
"French Prairie" naming was first captured in writing in the early 1850s by a French Consul to California visiting Oregon. Pierre Charles Fournier de Saint-Amant referred to the area as "les prairies françaises".
French Prairie is also known as an early Métis settlement in the Pacific Northwest history.

Kalapuya
The Kalapuya or Kʼalapʰuya are a Native American people, which had eight independent groups speaking three mutually intelligible dialects. The Kalapuya tribes' traditional homelands were the Willamette Valley of present-day western Oregon in the United States, an area bounded by the Cascade Range to the east, the Oregon Coast Range at the west, the Columbia River at the north, to the Calapooya Mountains of the Umpqua River at the south.

Today, most Kalapuya people are enrolled in the federally recognized Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community of Oregon; in addition, some are members of the Confederated Tribes of the Siletz. In both cases descendants have often intermarried with people of other tribes in the confederated tribes, and are counted in overall tribal numbers, rather than separately. Most of the Kalapuya descendants live at the Grand Ronde reservation, located in Yamhill and Polk counties.
8th Hong Kong Film Awards
The 8th Hong Kong Awards ceremony, honored the best films of 1988 and took place on 9 April 1989 at Hong Kong Academy for Performing Arts, Wan Chai, Hong Kong. The ceremony was hosted by Lydia Shum, Eric Tsang  and Philip Chan, during the ceremony awards are presented in 14 categories. The ceremony was sponsored by City Entertainment Magazine.

Eric Tsang
Eric Tsang Chi-wai MH (Chinese: 曾志偉; born 14 April 1953) is a Hong Kong actor, director, host, producer, and television executive, known for his versatility in both comedy and drama, as well as for hosting the long-running Super Trio variety show series. Since 2021, he has served as the general manager of TVB.
St Andrew's Academy, North Ayrshire
55°38′28″N 4°47′20″W﻿ / ﻿55.641°N 4.789°W﻿ / 55.641; -4.789

St Andrew's Academy was a Roman Catholic secondary school from 1971 to 2007 in the seaside town of Saltcoats, North Ayrshire, Scotland. It was named after the patron saint of Scotland, Saint Andrew.

Andrew the Apostle
Andrew the Apostle (Koine Greek: Ἀνδρέας, romanized: Andréas [anˈdre.aːs̠]; Latin: Andreas [än̪ˈd̪reː.äːs]; Aramaic: אַנדּרֵאוָס; Classical Syriac: ܐܰܢܕ݁ܪܶܐܘܳܣ, romanized: ʾAnd'raʾwās) was an apostle of Jesus. According to the New Testament, he was a fisherman and one of the Twelve Apostles chosen by Jesus.

The title First-Called (Πρωτόκλητος, Prōtoklētos) used by the Eastern Orthodox Church stems from the Gospel of John, where Andrew, initially a disciple of John the Baptist, follows Jesus and, recognising him as the Messiah, introduces his brother Peter to him.

According to Eastern Orthodox tradition, the apostolic successor to Andrew is the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople.
STU-II
The STU-II (Standard Telephone Unit II) is a secure telephone developed by the U.S. National Security Agency. It permitted up to six users to have secure communications, on a time-shared (e.g.: rotating) basis.   It was made by ITT Defense Communications, Nutley, New Jersey.  An OEM partner was Northern Telecom.

According to information on display in 2005 at the NSA's National Cryptologic Museum, the STU-II was in use from the 1980s to the present. It uses the linear predictive coding algorithm LPC-10 at 2.4 kilobits/second to digitize voice,  and the "Key Distribution Center" (KDC) for key management. The display also stated that the STU-II B is the standard narrow band secure telephone.

STU-II replaced the STU-I, KY-3 and the Navajo I. The last was a secure telephone in a briefcase, of which 110 were built in the 1980s for use by senior government officials when traveling. The Navaho I  also used LPC-10.

Some 10 000 STU-II units were produced.

Linear predictive coding
Linear predictive coding (LPC) is a method used mostly in audio signal processing and speech processing for representing the spectral envelope of a digital signal of speech in compressed form, using the information of a linear predictive model.

LPC is the most widely used method in speech coding and speech synthesis. It is a powerful speech analysis technique, and a useful method for encoding good quality speech at a low bit rate.
Paleocadmus
Paleocadmus is a genus of radula known only from the Mazon Creek biota.  It is only known from isolated fossils around a centimetre in length, and a few mm wide (in one instance associated with a possible beak), but its morphology aligns it with the nautiloids, or perhaps the bactritoids or belemnoids.

Mazon Creek fossil beds
The Mazon Creek fossil beds are a conservation lagerstätte found near Morris, in Grundy County, Illinois. The fossils are preserved in ironstone concretions, formed approximately 309 million years ago in the mid-Pennsylvanian epoch of the Carboniferous period. These concretions frequently preserve both hard and soft tissues of animal and plant materials, as well as many soft-bodied organisms that do not normally fossilize. The quality, quantity and diversity of fossils in the area, known since the mid-nineteenth century, make the Mazon Creek lagerstätte important to paleontologists attempting to reconstruct the paleoecology of the sites. The locality was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1997.
Hendiadys
Hendiadys (/hɛnˈdaɪ.ədɪs/) is a figure of speech used for emphasis—"The substitution of a conjunction for a subordination". The basic idea is to use two words linked by the conjunction "and" instead of the one modifying the other.

Hendiadys in English is also known as two for one and figure of twins. Although the underlying phrase is Greek: ἓν διὰ δυοῖν, romanized: hen dia duoin, lit. 'one through two', the only other forms occasionally found in English are hendiaduo and hendiaduous, the latter of which the 17th-century English Biblical commentator Matthew Poole used in his commentary on Genesis 3:16, Proverbs 1:6, and Isaiah 19:20.

Subordination (linguistics)
In linguistics, subordination (abbreviated variously SUBORD, SBRD, SUBR or SR) is a principle of the hierarchical organization of linguistic units. While the principle is applicable in semantics, morphology, and phonology, most work in linguistics employs the term "subordination" in the context of syntax, and that is the context in which it is considered here. The syntactic units of sentences are often either subordinate or coordinate to each other. Hence an understanding of subordination is promoted by an understanding of coordination, and vice versa.