hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
DocumentCloud
DocumentCloud is an open-source software as a service platform that allows users to upload, analyze, annotate, collaborate on and publish primary source documents. Since its launch in 2009, it has been used primarily by journalists to find information in the documents they gather in the course of their reporting and, in the interests of transparency, publish the documents. As of May 2023, DocumentCloud users had uploaded more than 5 million documents.

DocumentCloud's development has led to the creation of several notable open-source projects, including Backbone.js, Jammit and Underscore.js. The majority of funding for DocumentCloud has come from grants by the Knight Foundation.

Knight Foundation
The John S. and James L. Knight Foundation, also known as the Knight Foundation, is an American philanthropic organization that provides grants for the arts, journalism, research, and community development, with a focus on impact.

The organization was founded as the Charles L. Knight Memorial Education Fund in 1940. The fund was incorporated as the Knight Foundation in December 1950 in Ohio, and reincorporated as the John S. and James L. Knight Foundation in Florida in 1993.

The Foundation’s mission is to support a more effective democracy by funding projects that promote free expression, arts and culture, research in media and democracy, and the success of its 26 Knight communities, where the Knight brothers published newspapers.
Càrn na Nathrach
Carn na Nathrach (786 m) is a mountain in the Northwest Highlands of Scotland. It is located in the Ardgour area of Lochaber.

A very remote mountain, it takes the form of a rugged ridge and is usually climbed from Loch Doilet to the west.

Northwest Highlands
57°30′N 5°0′W﻿ / ﻿57.500°N 5.000°W﻿ / 57.500; -5.000
The Northwest Highlands are located in the northern third of Scotland that is separated from the Grampian Mountains by the Great Glen (Glen More). The region comprises Wester Ross, Assynt, Sutherland and part of Caithness. The Caledonian Canal, which extends from Loch Linnhe in the south-west, via Loch Ness to the Moray Firth in the north-east splits this area from the rest of the country. The city of Inverness and the town of Fort William serve as gateways to the region from the south.
Bellot Strait
Bellot Strait is a strait in Nunavut that separates Somerset Island to its north from the Murchison Promontory of Boothia Peninsula to its south, which is the northernmost part of the mainland of the Americas. The two-kilometre-wide (1.2 mi) and 25-kilometre-long (16 mi) strait connects the Gulf of Boothia, Prince Regent Inlet, and Brentford Bay to its east with Peel Sound and Franklin Strait to its west.

Peel Sound
Peel Sound is an Arctic waterway in the Qikiqtaaluk, Nunavut, Canada. It separates Somerset Island on the east from Prince of Wales Island on the west. To the north it opens onto Parry Channel while its southern end merges with Franklin Strait.

There are several named islands within the sound, including: Lock, Vivian, Prescott, Pandora, Otrick, Barth, De la Roquette, and Gibson.

Sir John Franklin passed through the strait in 1846 during an unseasonably warm summer, since typically Peel Sound is frozen. Its east side was traced by James Clark Ross in 1849. In 1858 Francis Leopold McClintock tried to penetrate it and was blocked by ice.
Oddvar Sponberg
Oddvar Sponberg (18 August 1914 – 14 March 1975) was a Norwegian race walker.

He finished fourth in the 50 km race at the 1946 European Championships and twelfth at the 1950 European Championships. He never participated in other international events such as the Summer Olympics.

1950 European Athletics Championships
The 4th European Athletics Championships were held from 23 August to 27 August 1950 in the Heysel Stadium of the Belgian capital Brussels.  Contemporaneous reports on the event were given in the Glasgow Herald.
2017 Qatar Total Open – Doubles
Chan Hao-ching and Chan Yung-jan were the defending champions, but chose not to compete together. Hao-ching played alongside Christina McHale, but lost in the first round to Andrea Hlaváčková and Peng Shuai. Yung-jan teamed up with Martina Hingis, but lost in the semifinals to Olga Savchuk and Yaroslava Shvedova.

Abigail Spears and Katarina Srebotnik won the title, defeating Savchuk and Shvedova in the final, 6–3, 7–6(9–7).

Abigail Spears
Abigail Michal Spears (born July 12, 1981) is a former professional tennis player from the United States. Spears won 21 double titles including the 2017 Australian Open.

Spears started playing tennis in 1988 when she was 7 years old, and turned professional in 2000. Spears and compatriot, Raquel Kops-Jones, were one of the most successful doubles team of the 2012 season, winning four tour titles and reaching the quarterfinals of Wimbledon. In 2017, Spears partnered with Juan Sebastián Cabal at the Australian Open to win the mixed-doubles tournament. After being suspended for much of the 2020 and 2021 seasons, Spears retired in September 2021.
Christopher Renz
Christopher Renz is an American film director, screenwriter, and producer. Since 2012, he has collaborated with husband Gerard Bush via the directing/screenwriting duo Bush Renz, whose work includes the 2020 Lionsgate film Antebellum – featured in Variety’s top 10 films of 2020 – the upcoming HBO Max TV Series Inkwell, and the documentary All Deliberate Speed.

Bush Renz were named "Hollywood’s new power directing duo" by The Hollywood Reporter,  and also appeared on the Out100 2020 list of the most influential LGBTQ+ people in America.

Lionsgate Films
Lionsgate Films, previously spelled as Lions Gate and formerly known as Cinépix Film Properties, is a Canadian-American film production and distribution company founded in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, on June 15, 1962. Headquartered in Santa Monica, California, it is owned by Lionsgate Studios since May 14, 2024.

Lionsgate is the second-largest and most successful mini-major film studio in North America. The studio focuses on foreign and independent films and has distributed various commercially successful film franchises, including Saw, The Hunger Games, Rambo, Divergent, The Punisher, John Wick, Madea, Blair Witch, Now You See Me, Hostel, The Expendables, Sinister, The Twilight Saga, Step Up, and Den of Thieves.
Solidarity Memorial
The Solidarity Memorial (Polish: Pomnik „Solidarności”) is a monument in Warsaw, Poland, placed at the intersection of Świętokrzyska and Kopernika Streets, within the North Downtown neighbourhood. It is dedicated to the Solidarity trade union, which throughout the 1980s was a broad anti-authoritarian social movement, using methods of civil resistance to advance the causes of workers' rights and social change, which eventually led to the agreement with the government for the 1989 parliamentary election, the country's first pluralistic election since 1947. The sculpture consists of its large metal logo, cutting through a long concrete block, which incorporates into its structure the fragments of the Berlin Wall. The monument was unveiled on 4 June 2021, on the 32nd anniversary of the 1989 election.

Social change
Social change is the alteration of the social order of a society which may include changes in social institutions, social behaviours or social relations. Sustained at a larger scale, it may lead to social transformation or societal transformation.
May 1974 Canadian federal budget
The May 1974 Canadian federal budget was presented by Minister of Finance John Turner in the House of Commons of Canada on 6 May 1974. It was meant to serve as the federal budget for fiscal year 1974–75, but it was never implemented as the government was defeated in a vote of confidence before it was adopted. The NDP, which had been propping up Pierre Trudeau’s minority government for the past two years, withdrew their support because they were displeased with the content of this budget. This led to the 1974 Canadian federal election, in which Trudeau's Liberal Party won with a majority of the seats.

The budget saw the inception of the Registered Home Ownership Savings Plan.

Minister of Finance (Canada)
The minister of finance (French: ministre des Finances) is the minister of the Crown in the Canadian Cabinet, who is responsible for overseeing the Department of Finance and presenting the federal government's budget each year. It is one of the most important positions in the Cabinet.

François-Philippe Champagne is the 42nd and current finance minister, assuming the role March 14, 2025 as a member of the new 30th Canadian Ministry of Mark Carney.
The Best of John Coltrane
The Best of John Coltrane is a 1970 compilation album released by Atlantic Records collecting recordings made by jazz saxophonist John Coltrane. The album was released shortly after his death as a part of the "Atlantic Jazz Anthology"—a series of greatest hits compilations for Atlantic jazz artists—and features performances from his brief period recording for Atlantic with new liner notes by jazz journalist Nat Hentoff.

Equinox (composition)
"Equinox" is a minor blues jazz standard by American jazz saxophone player and composer John Coltrane. It was originally released on Coltrane's Sound played in C# minor with a slow swing feel. However, it is usually played in C minor.
Truman (1997 film)
Truman is a 1997 two-part television documentary film about Harry S. Truman, the 33rd President of the United States. Produced by PBS for The American Experience (now American Experience) documentary program, it recounts Truman's life from childhood to his presidency. Written, co-produced, and directed by David Grubin, the film first aired on PBS in two parts on October 5 and 6, 1997.

In 1998, The American Experience became the inaugural recipient of the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Documentary or Nonfiction Series for Truman.

Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Documentary or Nonfiction Series
The Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Documentary or Nonfiction Series is handed out annually at the Creative Arts Emmy Award ceremony. The award was established in 2013 as the awards restructured previous categories for Outstanding Nonfiction Series and Outstanding Nonfiction Special. The category was called Outstanding Nonfiction Series from 1998–2012. Prior to 1998, the category was called Outstanding Informational Series.
Eduard Simon
Johann Eduard Simon (18 September 1789 – 19 June 1856) was an apothecary in Berlin, Germany.

Johann Eduard Simon accidentally discovered polystyrene in 1839. Simon distilled an oily substance from storax, the resin of the Sweetgum tree, Liquidambar orientalis, which he named "styrol". Several days later he found that the styrol had thickened, presumably due to polymerisation, into a jelly which he dubbed styrol oxide ("Stryroloxyd").

Liquidambar
Liquidambar, commonly called sweetgum (star gum in the UK), gum, redgum, satin-walnut, styrax or American storax, is the only extant genus in the flowering plant family Altingiaceae and has 15 species. They were formerly often treated as a part of the Hamamelidaceae. They are native to southeast and east Asia, the eastern Mediterranean and North America. They are decorative deciduous trees that are used in the wood industry and for ornamental purposes.
Marco Zunino
Marco Aurelio Zunino Costa (born 12 November 1976) is a Peruvian actor, singer, songwriter and dancer. In his country has starred in the musicals  Jesucristo Superstar, Cabaret, Rent and Amor sin barreras (West Side Story). Zunino debuted on Broadway, starring as Billy Flynn in Chicago, in the Ambassador Theatre (New York).

Jesus Christ Superstar
Jesus Christ Superstar is a sung-through rock opera with music by Andrew Lloyd Webber and lyrics by Tim Rice. Loosely based on the Gospel accounts of the Passion, the work interprets the psychology of Jesus and other characters, with much of the plot centred on Judas, who is dissatisfied with how Jesus steers his disciples. Contemporary attitudes, sensibilities, and slang pervade the rock opera's lyrics, and ironic allusions to modern life are scattered throughout the depiction of political events; stage and film productions accordingly contain many intentional anachronisms.

Initially unable to get backing for a stage production, the composers released the score as a 1970 concept album, an immediate success which led to its Broadway stage debut in 1971. By 1980, the musical had grossed more than $237 million worldwide. Running over eight years in London between 1972 and 1980, the show held the record for longest-running West End musical until 1989 (overtaken by Cats).
Chris Appelgren
Chris  Appelgren, also known as Chris Applecore, is an American record executive, illustrator, and musician who served owner and president of Lookout! Records from 1997 when label founder Larry Livermore and partner Patrick Hynes retired, until 2012 when the label folded due to financial troubles and non-payment of royalties. In addition, Appelgren has created original artwork and album designs for many punk bands including Blatz, Green Day, Screeching Weasel, The Queers, The Donnas, and Ted Leo and the Pharmacists.

Appelgren also performed as vocalist in bands The Pattern, The PeeChees and Bumblescrump and was the original drummer for The Potatomen as well as drumming for The Lefties.

Ted Leo and the Pharmacists
Ted Leo and the Pharmacists (sometimes written Ted Leo/Pharmacists, Ted Leo + Pharmacists, or shortened to TL/Rx) are an American rock band formed in 1999 in Washington, D.C. They have released six full-length studio albums and have toured internationally. Though the group's lineup has fluctuated throughout their career, singer/guitarist Ted Leo has remained the band's main songwriter, creative force, and only constant member. The group's music combines elements of punk rock, indie rock, art punk, traditional rock, and occasionally folk music and dub reggae. Their most recent album, The Brutalist Bricks, was released on March 9, 2010.
Ruger No. 3
The Ruger #3 is a single-shot rifle produced by Sturm, Ruger & Co from 1973 to 1986. It is based on the Ruger #1, with some modifications made to reduce costs, such as a simpler one-piece breech lever. It also was shipped with an uncheckered stock and a plastic buttplate. It has been described as "superbly accurate".

Approximately 1400 #3 actions were installed into FGR-17 Viper antitank rocket launcher tubes and used for sub-caliber training.

The #3 was chambered for .22 Hornet, .223 Remington, .30-40 Krag, .375 Winchester, .44 Magnum, and .45-70.

.375 Winchester
The .375 Winchester / 9.5x51mmR is a modernized version of the .38-55 Winchester, a black powder cartridge from 1884. It was introduced in 1978 along with the Winchester Model 94 "Big Bore" lever action rifle, which was in production from 1978 until 1986.

Though very similar in appearance to the .38-55 Winchester parent cartridge, the .375 Winchester cartridge has a shorter case length and operates at a higher chamber pressure of 52,000 CUP or 55,000 psi (380 MPa), compared to the .38-55 Winchester cartridge which has a longer case length and operates at a lower chamber pressure of 30,000 CUP or 35,000 psi (240 MPa).

The most commonly used bullet weights for the .375 Winchester are between 180 gr to 260 gr (11.7 g to 16.9 g) and it has been used on a variety of medium to large game species such as whitetail, pronghorn, caribou, elk, moose, black bear, and brown bear.
XML transformation language
An XML transformation language is a programming language designed specifically to transform an input XML document into an output document which satisfies some specific goal.

There are two special cases of transformation:

XML to XML: the output document is an XML document.

XML to Data: the output document is a byte stream.

Document type definition
A document type definition (DTD) is a specification file that contains a set of markup declarations that define a document type for an SGML-family markup language (GML, SGML, XML, HTML). The DTD specification file can be used to validate documents.

A DTD defines the valid building blocks of an XML document. It defines the document structure with a list of validated elements and attributes. A DTD can be declared inline inside an XML document, or as an external reference.

A namespace-aware version of DTDs is being developed as Part 9 of ISO DSDL. DTDs persist in applications that need special publishing characters, such as the XML and HTML Character Entity References, which derive from larger sets defined as part of the ISO SGML standard effort. XML uses a subset of SGML DTD.

As of 2009, newer XML namespace-aware schema languages (such as W3C XML Schema and ISO RELAX NG) have largely superseded DTDs as a better way to validate XML structure.
Suamico River
The Suamico River is a river in north east Wisconsin that flows through the village of Suamico and into Green Bay in Lake Michigan. The source is near the community of Anston, in the town of Pittsfield. The river has been dredged by the United States Army Corps of Engineers to aid in recreational activity.

Suamico, Wisconsin
Suamico (/ˈswɑːmɪkoʊ/ SWAH-mih-koh) is a village in Brown County in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. The population was 12,820 at the time of the 2020 census. Suamico is part of the Green Bay Metropolitan Statistical Area, and contains the neighborhood community of Flintville.
Scoparia normalis
Scoparia normalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. in 1904. It has been recorded from the US states of Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, North Carolina and Utah.

The wingspan is about 26 mm. The forewings are pale gray with a black shade at the base. The inner line is dark, thickened on the costal two-thirds by a broad black bar. The outer line is pale, narrowly black shaded within. The terminal area is irregularly black shaded. There is a row of black terminal points. The hindwings are dirty whitish, darkest along the outer margin. Adults have been recorded on wing from July to September.

Harrison Gray Dyar Jr.
Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. (February 14, 1866 – January 21, 1929) was an American entomologist. Dyar's Law, a pattern of geometric progression in the growth of insect parts, is named after him. He was also noted for eccentric pursuits which included digging tunnels under his home. He had a complicated personal life and along with his second wife he adopted the Baháʼí Faith.
Waites
Waites is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Addie Waites Hunton (1866–1943), American activist

Aline Waites, English actress

Brian Waites (1940–2025), English golfer

Cole Waites (born 1998), American baseball player

George Waites (1938–2000), English footballer

Harry Waites, English football coach

Keisha Waites (born 1972), American politician

Luigi Waites (1927–2010), American jazz drummer and vibraphonist

Margaret C. Waites (1883–1923), American classical scholar and college professor

Richard Waites (1951–2016), American psychologist

Scott Waites (born 1977), English darts player

Thomas G. Waites (born 1955), American actor

Keisha Waites
Keisha Sean Waites (born October 30, 1972) is an American politician from the state of Georgia. A Democrat, she served in the Georgia House of Representatives from 2012 to 2017, representing southeast Atlanta, College Park, East Point, Hapeville, Forest Park, Hartsfield Jackson Airport, Porsche Headquarters and parts of Clayton and DeKalb counties. She also served as a member of Atlanta City Council for Post 3 At-Large from 2022 to 2024.
Trigonidiinae
Trigonidiinae is a subfamily of insects in the order Orthoptera, suborder Ensifera, based on the type genus Trigonidium. They are often referred to as sword-tail crickets, winged bush crickets or trigs.

Ensifera
Ensifera is a suborder of insects that includes the various types of crickets and their allies, including true crickets, camel crickets, bush crickets or katydids, grigs, wētā, and Cooloola monsters. This and the suborder Caelifera (grasshoppers and their allies) make up the order Orthoptera. Ensifera is believed to be a more ancient group than Caelifera, with its origins in the Carboniferous period, the split having occurred at the end of the Permian period. Unlike the Caelifera, the Ensifera contain numerous members that are partially carnivorous, feeding on other insects, as well as plants.

Ensifer is Latin for "sword bearer", and refers to the typically elongated and blade-like ovipositor of the females.
Suryudu
Suryudu (transl. Sun), also spelled as Sooryudu, is a 1998 Indian Telugu-language drama film directed by Muthyala Subbaiah. The film stars Rajasekhar, Soundarya, Charan Raj and Srihari, with Annapoorna, Ali, Narra Venkateswara Rao, Jeeva, Venu Madhav and Mallikarjuna Rao playing supporting roles. The film, produced by Medi Konda Venkata Murali Krishna, had musical score by Vandemataram Srinivas and was released on 1998. The film was a remake of the Tamil film Maru Malarchi. The film was a box office success.

Venu Madhav (actor)
Kunath Venu Madhav (28 September 1966/68 – 25 September 2019), was an Indian actor, television presenter, mimicry artist and comedian known for his works predominantly in Telugu cinema. He acted in approximately 500 films in a variety of roles, starting his career as an impressionist; imitating celebrities, politicians, and local dialects.  He received breakthrough in cinema with works such as Master (1997), and Tholi Prema (1998).

In 2007, he received the state Nandi Award for Best Male Comedian for his work in the action comedy film Lakshmi. He won two CineMAA Awards for best comedian for his work in V. V. Vinayaks' romantic comedy Dil (2003); and S. S. Rajamouli's sports comedy Sye (2004).
October 1946 French constitutional referendum in Cameroon
A constitutional referendum was held in French Cameroons on 13 October 1946 as part of the wider French constitutional referendum. Although the proposed new constitution was rejected by 74% of voters in the territory, it was approved 53% of voters overall.

French Cameroon
French Cameroon, also known as the French Cameroons (French: Cameroun), was a French mandate territory in Central Africa. It now forms part of the independent country of Cameroon.

French Cameroon was created from the eastern part of the former German colony of Cameroon (German: Deutsche Kolonie Kamerun). Its status, from 1919, was that of a ‘mandated territory’ of the League of Nations (LON), later becoming a ‘trust territory’ under the United Nations (UN). It was also a member of the French Union as an associated territory, then a trust state of Cameroon, and finally a member state of the French Community.
Governor of Kyiv Oblast
The chairman of the Kyiv Oblast State Administration (Ukrainian: Голова Київської обласної державної адміністрації, romanized: Holova Kyivskoi oblasnoi derzhavnoi administratsii) or unofficially governor of Kyiv Oblast (Ukrainian: Губернатор Київської області, romanized: Hubernator Kyivskoi oblasti), is the chairman of the executive branch of Kyiv Oblast, a province in northern Ukraine. The official residence is located in the country's capital, Kyiv which is a city with special status, and not in the Oblast or governed by the Kyiv Oblast State Administration.

Oblasts of Ukraine
An oblast (Ukrainian: область, romanized: oblast, pronounced [ˈɔblɐsʲtʲ] ⓘ; pl. області, oblasti), sometimes translated as region or province, is the main type of first-level administrative division of Ukraine. The country's territory is divided into 24 oblasts, as well as one autonomous republic and two cities with special status.

As Ukraine is a unitary state, oblasts do not have much legal scope of competence other than that which is established in the Ukrainian Constitution and devolved by law. Articles 140–146 of Chapter XI of the constitution deal directly with local authorities and their competence.

Oblasts are divided into raions, with each oblast having between three and eight raions following the July 2020 reform.