hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kern National Wildlife Refuge
Kern National Wildlife Refuge is a 11,249-acre (45.52 km2) protected area located in the southern portion of California's San Joaquin Valley, 20 miles (32 km) west of the city of Delano. Situated on the southern margin of what was once the largest freshwater wetland complex known as Tulare Lake in the western United States, Kern National Wildlife Refuge provides an optimum wintering habitat for migratory birds with an emphasis on waterfowl and water birds. The wetlands provide habitat for birds as part of the Pacific Flyway.

Through restoration and maintenance of native habitat diversity, the refuge also provides suitable habitat for several endangered species as well as preserving a remnant example of the historic valley uplands in the San Joaquin Desert. Approximately 8,200 visitors annually participate in refuge programs ranging from waterfowl hunting to wildlife viewing.

Homogeneity and heterogeneity
Homogeneity and heterogeneity are concepts relating to the uniformity of a substance, process or image. A homogeneous feature is uniform in composition or character (i.e., color, shape, size, weight, height, distribution, texture, language, income, disease, temperature, radioactivity, architectural design, etc.); one that is heterogeneous is distinctly nonuniform in at least one of these qualities.
Mount Glenn (Alaska)
Mount Glenn is a 9,806-foot (2,989 m) elevation glaciated summit located 40 mi (64 km) northwest of Valdez in the Chugach Mountains of the U.S. state of Alaska. This remote mountain north of Prince William Sound, set on land managed by Chugach National Forest, is situated 6.44 mi (10 km) west-southwest of Mount Witherspoon, and 9.34 mi (15 km) west of Mount Einstein. It is part of the Dora Keen Range, which is a 25-miles-long divide separating Harvard Glacier from Yale Glacier. The mountain's name was applied in 1911 by Lawrence Martin, and officially adopted in 1930 by the U.S. Board on Geographic Names to honor Edwin Forbes Glenn (1857–1926), an Army officer who explored this College Fjord area in 1898. The Glenn Highway is also named for this same person.

Dora Keen
Dora Keen (June 24, 1871 – January 31, 1963) was an American traveler, Alpinist, and social worker. She was the first person to reach the summit of Mount Blackburn and would subsequently write an article for The Saturday Evening Post titled "First up Mount Blackburn", along with becoming a fellow of the Royal Geographical Society.
Western olivaceous warbler
The western olivaceous warbler (Iduna opaca), also known as the isabelline warbler, is a "warbler", formerly placed in the Old World warblers when these were a paraphyletic wastebin taxon. It is now considered a member of the acrocephaline warblers, Acrocephalidae, in the tree warbler genus Iduna. It was formerly regarded as part of a wider "olivaceous warbler" species, but as a result of modern taxonomic developments, this species is now usually considered distinct from the eastern olivaceous warbler, Iduna pallida.

Old World warbler
The Old World warblers are a large group of birds formerly grouped together in the bird family Sylviidae. They are not closely related to the New World warblers. The family held over 400 species in over 70 genera, and were the source of much taxonomic confusion. Two families were split out initially, the cisticolas into Cisticolidae and the kinglets into Regulidae. In the past 20–30 years they have been the subject of much research and many species are now placed into other families, including the Acrocephalidae, Cettiidae, Phylloscopidae, and Megaluridae. In addition some species have been moved into existing families or have not yet had their placement fully resolved. Only a small number of warblers, in just two genera, are now retained in the family Sylviidae.
St Peter's and St Paul's Church, Sutton By Dover
All Saints is a parish church in Sutton, Kent. It was begun in the 12th century and is a Grade II listed building.

The south porch and vestry was added in 1857 and an apse added in 1861 by Arthur Ashpitel.

Sutton, Kent
Sutton is a village and civil parish near Dover in Kent, England. In 1935 this village became a parish when the small settlements of Studdal, Sutton, Ashley, Little Mongeham and Maydensole joined to become the Parish of Sutton-by-Dover. Prior to this Sutton has had a vast history of agricultural practices, which has helped sustain the village into the parish it is today. The quoted population includes the villages of East and West Studdal plus Swingate and the hamlet of Little Mongeham.
Jeremy Grantham
Robert Jeremy Goltho Grantham CBE (born 6 October 1938) is a British investor and co-founder and chief investment strategist of GMO LLC, a Boston-based asset management firm. GMO had more than US$118 billion in assets under management as of March 2015. This number dropped to $65 billion as of December 2020. He has been a vocal critic of various governmental responses to the 2008 financial crisis. Grantham started one of the world's first index funds in the early 1970s.

In 2011, he was included in the 50 Most Influential ranking of Bloomberg Markets magazine.

Bloomberg Markets
Bloomberg Markets is a magazine published six times a year by Bloomberg L.P. as part of Bloomberg News. Aimed at global financial professionals, Bloomberg Markets publishes articles on the people and issues related to global financial markets. Bloomberg Markets, which is based in New York City, has readers in 147 countries. More than half of its readers live outside the U.S.

As of December 2011, the magazine had a circulation of 375,000 and was available for sale at bookstores and selected newsstands. All subscribers of the Bloomberg Professional service and the Bloomberg Terminal also receive Bloomberg Markets as part of their subscription. Newsstand sales averaged 6,154 in 2010.
Taepodong-1
Taepodong-1 (Korean: 대포동-1) was the external designation given to a three-stage technology demonstrator developed by North Korea, a development step toward an intermediate-range ballistic missile.  The missile was derived originally from the Scud rocket and was tested once in 1998 as a space launch vehicle.  As a space launch vehicle, it was sometimes called the Paektusan 1.

Technology demonstration
A technology demonstration (or tech demo), also known as demonstrator model, is a prototype, rough example or otherwise incomplete version of a conceivable product or future system, put together as proof of concept with the primary purpose of showcasing the possible applications, feasibility, performance and method of an idea for a new technology. They can be used as demonstrations to the investors, partners, journalists or even to potential customers in order to convince them of the viability of the chosen approach, or to test them on ordinary users.
National Tribal Dance Festival
The National Tribal Dance Festival is an annual festival celebrated by the aborigines and tribal of India in the National Capital Region, of India i.e. New Delhi. This Tribal Dance Festival annually during the month of December. It is organised by Ministry of Tribal Affairs, Government of India in collaboration with IGRMS, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh.

Capital region
A capital region, also called a capital district or capital territory, is a region or district surrounding the country's capital city. It is not always the official term for the region, but may sometimes be used as an informal synonym. Capital regions can exist for either national or subnational capitals.
Reichenspergerplatz station
Reichenspergerplatz is an underground station on the Cologne Stadtbahn lines 16 and 18, located in Cologne. The station lies at Reichenspergerplatz in the district of Innenstadt.

The station was opened in 1974 and consists of a mezzanine and two side platforms with two rail tracks. Line 5 trains terminated at this station, used an underground loop that leaves from the outbound track to Niehl, and then joined with the inbound track from Buchheim.

Mezzanine
A mezzanine (/ˌmɛzəˈniːn/; or in Italian, mezzanino; mezzo means 'half' in Italian) is an intermediate floor in a building which is partly open to the double-height ceilinged floor below, or which does not extend over the whole floorspace of the building. However, the term is often used loosely for the floor above the ground floor, especially where a very high-ceilinged original ground floor has been split horizontally into two floors.

Mezzanines may serve a wide variety of functions. Industrial mezzanines, such as those used in warehouses, may be temporary or semi-permanent structures. Mezzanines can be found in modern architecture as well.

In Royal Italian architecture, mezzanino also means a chamber created by partitioning that does not go up all the way to the arch vaulting or ceiling; these were historically common in Italy and France, for example in the palaces for the nobility at the Quirinal Palace.
USNS Dalton Victory
SS Dalton Victory was built as Victory ship used as a cargo ship for World War II under the Emergency Shipbuilding program. She was launched by the California Shipbuilding Company on 6 June 1944 and completed on 19 July 1944 as a Greenville Victory-class cargo ship. The ship’s United States Maritime Commission designation was VC2- S- AP3, hull number 21.  She was acquired by the U.S. Navy in 1950 and renamed the USNS Dalton Victory (T-AK-256).

In 1960 she was renamed USNS Sunnyvale (T-AGM-5) and rebuilt and placed in service as a missile range instrumentation ship, and assigned to the Pacific Missile Range, where she performed missile tracking duties.

Emergency Shipbuilding Program
The Emergency Shipbuilding Program (late 1940 – September 1945) was a United States government effort to quickly build simple cargo ships to carry troops and materiel to allies and foreign theatres during World War II. Run by the U.S. Maritime Commission, the program built almost 6,000 ships.
Purwell Ninesprings
Purwell Ninesprings is a 6.4-hectare (16-acre) nature reserve managed by the Herts and Middlesex Wildlife Trust on the edge of  Hitchin, Hertfordshire, England.

The reserve is in the flood-plain of the River Purwell.
It has open water with water voles and birds such as moorhens, mallards and teals. Other birds include snipe and siskins. The wet ground has plants such as tussock sedge, yellow iris and water forget-me-nots.

Snipe
A snipe is any of about 26 wading bird species in three genera in the family Scolopacidae. They are distinguished by a very long, slender bill, eyes placed high on the head, and cryptic/camouflaging plumage. The snipes in the genus Gallinago have a nearly worldwide distribution, the genus Lymnocryptes is restricted to Asia and Europe, and the snipes in the genus Coenocorypha are now found only in the outlying islands of New Zealand. The genus Lymnocryptes is more closely related to woodcocks (Scolopax) than it is to other snipes; with woodcocks included, the four genera form a monophyletic group within the wider family Scolopacidae. The three species of painted-snipe are not closely related to the typical snipes, and are placed in their own family, the Rostratulidae.
Normannites
Normannites is a strongly ribbed evolute Middle Jurassic genus of ammonite included in the stephanoceratoid family Stephanoceratidae.

Normanites  was previously included in the Otoitidae by Arkell et al. 1957.  More recent classifications show it to belong to the family Stephanoceratidae, along with genera like Stephanoceras and Stemmatoceras.

Middle Jurassic
The Middle Jurassic is the second epoch of the Jurassic Period. It lasted from about 174.1 to 161.5 million years ago. Fossils of land-dwelling animals, such as dinosaurs, from the Middle Jurassic are relatively rare, but geological formations containing land animal fossils include the Forest Marble Formation in England, the Kilmaluag Formation in Scotland, the Calcaire de Caen of France, the Daohugou Beds in China, the Itat Formation in Russia, the Tiourarén Formationof Niger, and the Isalo III Formation of western Madagascar. Rocks of the Middle Jurassic were formerly (until about 1980s) in Europe called Dogger or Brown Jurassic.
Setesdalsbunad
Setesdalsbunad or women's folk costume from Valle in Setesdal as the original name, is a costume based on the costume traditions of Valle in Aust-Agder, Norway. In addition, this costume is one of the oldest costumes that have been used continuously for years, both in everyday life and for party use.  Today is the Setesdalsbunad remains as an outfit to mark an anniversary, among them the Norwegian Constitution Day on 17 May each year.  In addition, there is also a traditional Setesdalsbunad used by men.  The male version is characterized by the back part which partially is made of leather.

Constitution Day (Norway)
Constitution Day is the National Day of Norway and is an official public holiday observed on 17 May each year. Among Norwegians, the day is referred to as Syttende mai ('17th of May'), Nasjonaldagen ('National Day'), or Grunnlovsdagen ('Constitution Day'), although the latter is less frequent.

Norwegians often celebrate with large parades in which everyone wears the national costume (bunad). People eat hot dogs, waffles and ice cream and the children play playground games.
Devil's Kitchen Sinkhole
The Devil's Kitchen Sinkhole is a sinkhole near Sedona, Arizona on the Soldier Pass Trail in the Coconino National Forest. Formed in the late 1880s, it is one of the at least seven sinkholes surrounding the city. The sinkhole is about 660 ft (200 m) deep but leads to a cave that adds 180 ft (55 m), for a total of 840 ft (260 m). Its interior contains vegetation.

Sinkhole
A sinkhole is a depression or hole in the ground caused by some form of collapse of the surface layer. The term is sometimes used to refer to doline, enclosed depressions that are also known as shakeholes, and to openings where surface water enters into underground passages known as ponor, swallow hole or swallet. A cenote is a type of sinkhole that exposes groundwater underneath. Sink and stream sink are more general terms for sites which drain surface water, possibly by infiltration into sediment or crumbled rock.

Most sinkholes are caused by karst processes – the chemical dissolution of carbonate rocks, collapse or suffosion processes. Sinkholes are usually circular and vary in size from tens to hundreds of meters both in diameter and depth, and vary in form from soil-lined bowls to bedrock-edged chasms. Sinkholes may form gradually or suddenly, and are found worldwide.
Unreserved
Unreserved is a Canadian radio program, which airs weekly on CBC Radio One. The program is a documentary and interview series which profiles prominent Indigenous people in Canada.

The program debuted in September 2014, as a regional program airing in Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Nunavut, Yukon and the Northwest Territories. It was added to the full national schedule beginning August 30, 2015. Although CBC Radio has aired numerous short-run summer series on Indigenous culture in Canada, including ReVision Quest, New Fire and Trailbreakers, Unreserved is the network's first permanent regular-season series on First Nations issues and culture since The Dead Dog Café Comedy Hour concluded its run in 2000. It is hosted by Rosanna Deerchild.

Figures profiled on the series to date have included Murray Porter, Tantoo Cardinal, Nathaniel Arcand, Perry Bellegarde, Don Amero, Christa Couture, Paul Seesequasis and Candy Palmater.

Candy Palmater
Candy Palmater (December 4, 1968 – December 25, 2021) was a Canadian actress, comedienne, and broadcaster. She was the creator and writer of her own national television show for APTN, The Candy Show, and hosted the daily interview series The Candy Palmater Show on CBC Radio One in summer 2016.
Elaeocarpus dentatus
Elaeocarpus dentatus, commonly known as hinau (Māori: hīnau), is a native lowland forest tree of New Zealand. Other names in Māori for the tree are hangehange, pōkākā, and whīnau.

A member of the family Elaeocarpaceae, it is found on both the North and South Islands of New Zealand, but not on Stewart Island. The leaves are dark green, with a toothed edge. On the underside of the leaf, small domatia are present. Clusters of small white flowers are produced in spring, and in late summer the flowers form into a fleshy fruit.

It was officially first recorded for science by botanists Joseph Banks and Daniel Solander on 5 November 1769.

Lily of the valley
Lily-of-the-valley (Convallaria majalis), also written as lily of the valley, is a woodland flowering plant with sweetly scented, pendent, bell-shaped white flowers borne in sprays in spring. It is native in Europe and western and northern Asia.

The former varieties Convallaria majalis var. montana (native to eastern North America) and Convallaria majalis var. keiskei (native to eastern Asia), are now split as the separate species Convallaria pseudomajalis, and Convallaria keiskei, respectively.

Due to the high concentration of potent cardiac glycosides (cardenolides), it is highly poisonous if consumed by humans or other animals.

Other names include May bells, Our Lady's tears, and Mary's tears. Its French name, muguet, sometimes appears in the names of perfumes imitating the flower's scent. In pre-modern England, the plant was known as glovewort (as it was a wort used to create a salve for sore hands), or Apollinaris (according to a legend that it was discovered by Apollo).
George P. Fernald House
The George P. Fernald House is a historic house at 12 Rock Hill Street in Medford, Massachusetts.  The Colonial Revival mansion was built c. 1895 for George P. Fernald, an architect and leading exponent of the Colonial Revival style.  The house was probably designed by Fernald, possibly with the assistance of his brother Albert, who was also an architect.  The house has a two-story Ionic pedimented portico that shelters an elaborate Federal-style entry, supposedly influenced by Fernald's work making drawings of the Count Rumford Birthplace in Woburn, Massachusetts.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.

Woburn, Massachusetts
Woburn (/ˈwuːbərn/ ⓘ WOO-bərn) is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 40,876 at the 2020 census. Woburn is located 9 miles (14 km) north of Boston. Woburn uses Massachusetts' mayor-council form of government, in which an elected mayor is the executive and a partly district-based, partly at-large city council is the legislature. It was the last of Massachusetts' 351 municipalities to refer to members of its city council as "aldermen".
Ethenolysis
In organic chemistry, ethenolysis is a chemical process in which internal olefins are degraded using ethylene (H2C=CH2) as the reagent.  The reaction is an example of cross metathesis.  The utility of the reaction is driven by the low cost of ethylene as a reagent and its selectivity. It produces compounds with terminal alkene functional groups (α-olefins), which are more amenable to other reactions such as polymerization and hydroformylation.

The general reaction equation is:

Ethenolysis is a form of methylenation, i.e., the installation of methylene (−CH2−) groups.

Terminal alkene
In organic chemistry, terminal alkenes (alpha-olefins, α-olefins, or 1-alkenes) are a family of organic compounds which are alkenes (also known as olefins) with a chemical formula CxH2x, distinguished by having a double bond at the primary,  alpha (α), or 1- position.  This location of a double bond enhances the reactivity of the compound and makes it useful for a number of applications.
Miriam Blasco
Miriam Blasco Soto (born 12 December 1963) is a professional judo competitor, who resides in Alicante, Spain.  She competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain where she won the gold medal in Women's Judo in the 56 kg division. By doing so, she became Spain's first female Olympic champion and first female medalist. One of the major streets in her city of residence, Alicante, was named after her.

When her professional sport career finished, she became actively involved in politics. In 2000, 2004, and 2008, she was elected to the Spanish Senate for the conservative Partido Popular.

She is married to Nicola Fairbrother, her opponent in the 1992 Olympic judo women's final match.

Judo at the 1992 Summer Olympics
The Judo competition at the 1992 Summer Olympics was contested in fourteen weight classes, seven each for men and women. The seven men's weight classes continued to be those first used in 1980. This was the first Olympic competition to award medals to women judoka; women competed in 1988 when women's judo was a demonstration sport.
Manda Collins
Manda Collins is an author of romance novels. Most of her books are regency romances, but she has also written a contemporary romance novels novella, Legally Yours.

Her Wicked Widows series are Regency romance novels with an element of mystery, about women with unhappy first marriages who fall in love with better men after their first husbands have died.

Collins' first book, How to Dance with a Duke, was nominated for an RT Book Reviews Reviewers' Choice Award for First Historical Romance.

Her novella The Perks of Being a Beauty was the winner of the 2014 Gayle Wilson Award of Excellence for Best Novella.

The second book in Collins' Studies in Scandal series, Duke with Benefits,  was named a Kirkus Best Romance of 2017.

Romantic Times
Romantic Times was an American genre magazine specializing in romance novels. It was founded as a newsletter in 1981 by Kathryn Falk. The initial publication took nine months to create and was distributed to 3,000 subscribers. In 2004, the magazine reportedly had 150,000 subscribers, and had built a reputation as "Romance's premiere genre magazine".

From 1982 to 2018, the magazine organized the Romantic Times Booklover's Convention. Several thousand people attended the annual gathering, which featured author signings, a costume ball, and a male beauty pageant.

In May 2018, Kathryn Falk and co-owner and husband Kenneth Rubin announced the closure of the magazine.

The last RT Booklover's Convention was the one held May 15–20, 2018 in Reno, Nevada. 
Falk stated, "After 38 years, I am retiring and ending my participation in publishing..."
Wellington railway station (Shropshire)
Wellington railway station serves the town of Wellington, in Shropshire, England. It lies on the former Great Western Railway's route between London Paddington and Birkenhead Woodside, via Birmingham Snow Hill. The station is managed by West Midlands Railway, which also operates services along with Transport for Wales.

Birkenhead Woodside railway station
Birkenhead Woodside was a railway station located at Woodside, in Birkenhead, on the Wirral Peninsula, Cheshire. It  served both local services within Cheshire and long-distance services to southern England, including London.
Copper River Census Area, Alaska
Copper River Census Area is a census area located in the state of Alaska, United States. It is part of the Unorganized Borough and therefore has no borough seat. On January 2, 2019, it was split from the Valdez–Cordova Census Area, along with neighboring Chugach Census Area.

As of the 2020 census, the census area had a population of 2,617; its largest communities are the census-designated places of Glennallen and Copper Center.

It is named after Copper River, which has rich fish and flows through the census area.

Unorganized Borough, Alaska
The Unorganized Borough is composed of the portions of the U.S. state of Alaska which are not contained in any of its 19 organized boroughs. While referred to as the "Unorganized Borough", it is not a borough itself, as it forgoes that level of government structure. It encompasses nearly half of Alaska's land area, 323,440 square miles (837,700 km2), and, as of the 2020 U.S. census, it had a population of 77,157, which was 10.52% of the population of the state. The largest communities in the Unorganized Borough are the cities of Bethel, Unalaska, and Valdez.