hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2013–14 Oberliga Baden-Württemberg
The 2013–14 season of the Oberliga Baden-Württemberg, the highest association football league in the state of Baden-Württemberg, was the sixth season of the league at tier five (V) of the German football league system and the 36th season overall since establishment of the league in 1978. The regular season started on 9 August 2013 and finished on 24 May 2014.

The league was won by FC Astoria Walldorf which thereby earned promotion to the Regionalliga Südwest for 2014–15. Runners-up TSV Grunbach declined to take part in the promotion round to the Regionalliga and instead withdrew to the Kreisliga after failed merger talks with 1. CfR Pforzheim. Third placed FC Nöttingen took part in the promotion round instead and defeated FSV Salmrohr, thereby earning promotion to the Regionalliga. 1. FC Heidenheim completely withdrew its reserve team from league football while 1. FC Bruchsal and SV Oberachern were relegated to the Verbandsligas.

TSV Grunbach
TSV Grunbach is a German association football club from the town of Engelsbrand, Baden-Württemberg. The club's greatest success has been promotion to the tier five Oberliga Baden-Württemberg in 2012 but it withdrew from the league after only two seasons in 2014 despite finishing runners-up.
Commonwealth v. Graves
Commonwealth v. Graves, 461 Pa. 118 (1975), is a case in which the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania recognized that intoxication is a defense to specific intent crimes where it establishes a reasonable doubt that the defendant had the necessary intent to commit the crime. The decision was largely made ineffective the year after it was decided, when the Pennsylvania General Assembly changed the law to limit the defense to charges of murder.

Pennsylvania General Assembly
The Pennsylvania General Assembly is the state legislature of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. It is a bicameral body consisting of an upper house, the Pennsylvania State Senate, with 50 members, and a lower house, the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, with 203 members. The legislature convenes in the State Capitol building in Harrisburg.

During colonial times (1682–1776), the legislature was known as the Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly and was unicameral. Since the Constitution of 1776, the legislature has been known as the General Assembly. The General Assembly became a bicameral legislature in 1791.
Studley, Kansas
Studley is an unincorporated community in Sheridan County, Kansas, United States, approximately 16 miles (26 km) east of Hoxie along U.S. Route 24.  It is on the eastern edge of the county in Valley Township, bordering Graham County.  It was named after the Studley Royal Park, in England.

Graham County, Kansas
Graham County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kansas.  Its county seat and most populous city is Hill City.  As of the 2020 census, the county population was 2,415.  The county was named for John Graham, a captain in the Civil War who died during the Battle of Chickamauga.  The county is home to Nicodemus, founded in 1877, which is the only remaining western town established by African Americans during the Reconstruction period following the Civil War.
El Dorado Park Estates, Long Beach, California
El Dorado Park Estates is a neighborhood in Long Beach, California.

It was developed by S&S Construction, later known as Shapell Industries, beginning in 1962. The company was co-founded by David Shapell, Nathan Shapell, and Max Webb in 1955. It was the first large neighborhood to be developed by the company. In 1966, prices ranged from $33,600 to $46,500. Original features of the homes include:

lath and plaster ceilings and walls

exterior ornamentation of Palos Verdes stone (Altamira Shale) or brick

fireplaces surfaced with used brick, black marble, Bouquet Canyon stone, or Palos Verdes stone

marble-topped pullman lavatories

underground utilities

Douglas A. Newcomb Academy opened to 300 students in September, 1963.

Lath and plaster
Lath and plaster is a building process used to finish mainly interior dividing walls and ceilings. It consists of narrow strips of wood (laths) which are nailed horizontally across the wall studs or ceiling joists and then coated in plaster. The technique derives from an earlier, more primitive process called wattle and daub.

Lath and plaster largely fell out of favour in the U.K. after the introduction of plasterboard in the 1930s. In Canada and the United States, wood lath and plaster remained in use until the process was replaced by transitional methods followed by drywall (the North American term for plasterboard) in the mid-twentieth century.
R.I.P. cartridge
The R.I.P. cartridge (round irritant personnel) 12-gauge ammunition comprises cartridges filled with a mixture of micronized CS gas, an inert powder to add weight, and a further non-toxic powder which, on compression and friction, produces a large amount of carbon dioxide gas on exiting the barrel of the shotgun.

These specialist rounds are used in situations such as hostage rescue, where a less-than-lethal approach is required in order to resolve an incident.

Persons subject to the dispersed contents of an R.I.P. round will be incapacitated for a given amount of time, depending on the precise content of the round.

On 9 June 2008 English firearms officer PC Ian Terry was accidentally shot at point-blank range and killed by an R.I.P. round, in this instance filled with an inert white powder rather than CS gas, fired by a colleague whilst on a training exercise.

CS gas
The compound 2-chlorobenzalmalononitrile (also called o-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile; chemical formula: C10H5ClN2), a cyanocarbon, is the defining component of the lachrymatory agent commonly called CS gas, a tear gas used as a riot control agent, and is banned for use in warfare pursuant to the 1925 Geneva Protocol.

Exposure causes a burning sensation and tearing of the eyes to the extent that the subject cannot keep their eyes open, and a burning irritation of the mucous membranes of the nose, mouth and throat, resulting in profuse coughing, nasal mucus discharge, disorientation, and difficulty breathing, partially incapacitating the subject. CS gas is an aerosol of a volatile solvent (a substance that dissolves other active substances and that easily evaporates) and 2-chlorobenzalmalononitrile, which is a solid compound at room temperature. CS gas is generally accepted as being a non-lethal weapon.
Strontium stearate
Strontium stearate is a metal-organic compound, a salt of strontium and stearic acid with the chemical formula Sr(C18H35O2)2. The compound is classified as a metallic soap, i.e. a metal derivative of a fatty acid.

Metallic soap
A metallic soap is a metallic salt of a fatty acid. Theoretically, soaps can be made of any metal, although not all enjoy practical uses. Varying the metal can strongly affect the properties of the compound, particularly its solubility.
San Martín del Río
San Martín del Río is a municipality located in the province of Teruel, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2010 census the municipality has a population of 199 inhabitants.

San Martín del Río is located in the Jiloca Comarca. There are Bronze Age archaeological remains in nearby Cerro del Zorro site.

Province of Teruel
Teruel (Catalan: Terol; [təˈɾɔl]) is a province of Aragon, in the northeast of Spain. The capital is Teruel.

It is bordered by the provinces of Tarragona, Castellón, Valencia (including its exclave, Rincón de Ademuz), Cuenca, Guadalajara, and Zaragoza. The area of the province is 14,809 km². Its population is 134,572 (2018), of whom about a quarter live in the capital, and its population density is 9.36/km². It contains 236 municipalities, of which more than half are villages of under 200 people. Teruel is the second-least populated province of Spain, and also the second-lowest in population density, in both counts after the province of Soria.

The main language throughout the province is Spanish (with official status), although Catalan is spoken in a northeastern area bordering Catalonia.
Thinking About You (Elvis Presley song)
"Thinking About You" is a song performed by Elvis Presley and originally released on his 1975 album Promised Land.

In January 1975 it also was released on the RCA single PB-10191, as the flip side to "My Boy" (a song from the 1974 album Good Times). In 1977 the single was reissued as part of the black-labelled Gold Standard Series (s/n GB-10489).

Promised Land (Elvis Presley album)
Promised Land is the twenty-first studio album by American singer and musician Elvis Presley, released by RCA Records on January 8, 1975. It was recorded in December 1973 at Stax Records studios in Memphis and released on Presley's 40th birthday in January, 1975. In the US the album reached number 47 on the Billboard Top 200 chart and number 1 in Billboard's Top Country LPs chart, as well as the Cashbox Country albums chart. In the UK the album reached number 21.
Manoba suffusata
Manoba suffusata is a moth in the family Nolidae. It was described by Wileman and West in 1929. It is found in Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam and Myanmar, as well as on Sumatra and Borneo. The habitat consists of alluvial forests, wet heath forests, lowland forests, gardens and secondary forests.

Alfred Ernest Wileman
Alfred Ernest Wileman (27 February 1860 – 15 February 1929) was a British diplomat and entomologist.

Wileman was appointed as the British Vice Consul for the Japanese city of Hakodate and surrounding prefectures in April 1901, and moved to be consul to Taiwan in 1903, and to the then Territory of Hawaii in 1908. In 1909, he was appointed Consul-General to the Philippines (then a United States territory).

Wileman was an accomplished amateur lepidopterist.  He is credited with identifying in 1911 Flavinarosa obscura, which is found in Japan.
Iduino Santoni
Iduno Santoni (born November 28, 1968 in Latina, Lazio) is an Italian sprint canoer who competed in the early 1990s. He was eliminated in the semifinals of the K-4 1000 m event at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona.

Latina, Lazio
Latina (Italian: [laˈtiːna] ⓘ) is the capital of the province of Latina, in the Lazio region, in Central Italy. As of 2024, the city has 127,486 inhabitants and is the second-largest city of the region, after the national capital Rome.

It is one of the youngest cities in Italy, being founded as Littoria in 1932 under the fascist administration, when the area surrounding it which had been a swamp since antiquity was drained.
West Virginia Republican Party
The West Virginia Republican Party is the affiliate of the United States Republican Party in West Virginia. Josh Holstein is the party chair. It is currently the dominant party in the state, and is one of the strongest affiliates of the national Republican Party. It controls both of West Virginia's U.S. House seats, both of the U.S. Senate seats, all six statewide executive offices, and has supermajorities in both houses of the state legislature.

West Virginia Legislature
The West Virginia Legislature is the state legislature of the U.S. state of West Virginia. A bicameral legislative body, the legislature is split between the upper Senate and the lower House of Delegates. It was established under Article VI of the West Virginia Constitution following the state's split from Virginia during the American Civil War in 1863. As with its neighbor and former constituent Virginia General Assembly, the legislature's lower house is also referred to as a "House of Delegates."

The legislature convenes in the State Capitol building in Charleston.
Carl McCardle
Carl W. McCardle (May 31, 1904 – July 11, 1972) was born in Cameron, West Virginia and earned a B.S. at Washington and Jefferson College. He was Assistant Secretary of State for Public Affairs from 1953 to 1957.

From 1923 to 1949, McCardle was a reporter and correspondent for multiple news agencies including the Moundsville Echo (West Virginia), the Washington Observer (Pennsylvania), and the Philadelphia Bulletin (Pennsylvania).

From Jan 29, 1953 to Jan 30, 1957, McCardle was Assistant Secretary of State for Public Affairs. Following his government career, he was assistant to the chairman of the board of the Penn-Tex Corporation from 1957 to 1958. In 1959 he served as an executive for Pan American World Airways. In 1960, McCardle returned to his roots as a reporter for the Wheeling Intelligencer in West Virginia.

Philadelphia Bulletin
The Philadelphia Bulletin (or The Bulletin as it was commonly known) was a daily evening newspaper published from 1847 to 1982 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was the largest circulation newspaper in Philadelphia for 76 years and was once the largest evening newspaper in the United States. Its widely known slogan was: "In Philadelphia, nearly everybody reads The Bulletin."

Describing the Bulletin's style, publisher William L. McLean once said: "I think the Bulletin operates on a principle which in the long run is unbeatable. This is that it enters the reader's home as a guest. Therefore, it should behave as a guest, telling the news rather than shouting it." As Time magazine later noted: "In its news columns, the Bulletin was solid if unspectacular. Local affairs were covered extensively, but politely. Muckraking was frowned upon."
Gangula Brijendra Reddy
Gangula Brijendra Reddy (born 1988) is an Indian politician from Andhra Pradesh. He is an MLA of YSR Congress Party from Allagadda Assembly constituency in Kurnool district. He won the 2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election.

Allagadda Assembly constituency
Allagadda Assembly constituency is a constituency in Nandyal district of Andhra Pradesh that elects representatives to the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly in India. It is one of the seven assembly segments of Nandyal Lok Sabha constituency.

Bhuma Akhila Priya is the current MLA of the constituency, having won the 2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election from Telugu Desam Party. As of 13 May 2024, there are a total of 220,642 electors in the constituency. The constituency was established in 1962, as per the Delimitation Orders (1962).
Interchange (Australian rules football)
Interchange (or, colloquially, the bench or interchange bench) is a team position in Australian rules football, consisting of players who are part of the selected team but are not currently on the field of play.

Australian National Football Council
The Australian National Football Council (ANFC) was the national governing body for Australian rules football in Australia from 1906 until 1995. The council was a body of delegates representing each of the principal leagues which controlled the sport in their respective regions. The council was the owner of the laws of the game and managed interstate administrative and football matters. Its function was superseded by the Australian Football League Limited (AFL).

The council underwent several name changes during its existence, and at different times it was also known as: the Australasian Football Council (1906–1919), the Australian Football Council (1920–1927 and 1973–1975), the National Football League (NFL) (1975–1989) and the National Australian Football Council (NAFC) (1989–1995).
Similarity measure
In statistics and related fields, a similarity measure or similarity function or similarity metric is a real-valued function that quantifies the similarity between two objects. Although no single definition of a similarity exists, usually such measures are in some sense the inverse of distance metrics: they take on large values for similar objects and either zero or a negative value for very dissimilar objects. Though, in more broad terms, a similarity function may also satisfy metric axioms.

Cosine similarity is a commonly used similarity measure for real-valued vectors, used in (among other fields) information retrieval to score the similarity of documents in the vector space model. In machine learning, common kernel functions such as the RBF kernel can be viewed as similarity functions.

Minkowski distance
The Minkowski distance or Minkowski metric is a metric in a normed vector space which can be considered as a generalization of both the Euclidean distance and the Manhattan distance. It is named after the mathematician Hermann Minkowski.
Ostorhinchus fleurieu
Ostorhinchus fleurieu (flower cardinalfish, gold cardinalfish, bullseye cardinalfish, cardinalfish, ring-tail cardinalfish or ringtailed cardinalfish) is a species of cardinalfish native to the Red Sea and Persian Gulf, the Gulf of Oman, and the waters around East Africa, Seychelles, India, Sri Lanka, the Indo-Malayan region, and Hong Kong., south to the Ashmore Reef, Western Australia. It is the type species of the genus Ostorhinchus. The specific name honours the French explorer and hydrographer Charles Pierre Claret, comte de Fleurieu (1738-1810) who was a colleague and friend  of Lacepède's.

Gulf of Oman
The Gulf of Oman or Sea of Oman (Arabic: خليج عمان khalīj ʿumān; Persian: دریای عمان daryâ-ye omân), also known as Gulf of Makran or Sea of Makran (Arabic: خلیج مکران khalīj makrān; Persian: دریای مکران daryâ-ye makrān), is a gulf in the Indian Ocean that connects the Arabian Sea with the Strait of Hormuz, which then runs to the Persian Gulf. It borders Iran and Pakistan on the north, Oman on the south, and the United Arab Emirates on the west.
Allentown Chiefs
The Allentown Chiefs were a minor league baseball team.  They played in the Class A Eastern League, and started the 1957 season in Syracuse, New York.  The team was purchased by the Boston Red Sox and was moved to Allentown, Pennsylvania, mid-season on July 13, 1957, and finished the season playing at Breadon Field in Whitehall Township, just north of Allentown.

The 1957 team was not affiliated with any major league team, however, the Chiefs were a longtime affiliate of the Detroit Tigers prior to the 1957 season.    After finishing the season in Allentown, the team was re-designated as the Allentown Red Sox, with Boston moving their Eastern League Class A team from Albany, New York, to Allentown for the 1958 season.

A new Detroit-affiliated team in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, began operations for the 1958 Eastern League season.

Lancaster, Pennsylvania
Lancaster is a city in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, United States, and its county seat. With a population of 58,039 at the 2020 census, it is the eighth-most populous city in the state. It is a core city within South Central Pennsylvania, with 552,984 residents in the Lancaster metropolitan area.

Settled in the 1720s, Lancaster is one of the oldest inland cities in the US. It served as the capital of Pennsylvania from 1799 to 1812. The city's primary industries include healthcare, tourism, public administration, manufacturing, and both professional and semi-professional services. Lancaster is located 59 miles (95 km) southwest of Allentown and 61 miles (98 km) west of Philadelphia and is a hub of Pennsylvania Dutch Country.
Karatal
The Karatal (Russian: Каратал) or Qaratal (Kazakh: Қаратал, lit. 'Black Steppe') is a river of the Balkhash-Alakol Basin, Kazakhstan. It originates in the Dzungarian Alatau Mountains near the border with China and flows into the endorheic Lake Balkhash. It is the easternmost of two large rivers that flow into the lake; the other is the Ili. The Karatal is one of the main rivers of the historic region of Zhetysu. The river is 390 kilometres (240 mi) long and has a basin area of 19,100 square kilometres (7,400 sq mi).

The river flows west-southwest from the border with China before turning northwestward south of Taldykorgan and then northward when it reaches the Saryesik-Atyrau Desert, a large sand desert south of Lake Balkhash. The river empties into Lake Balkhash near the centerpoint of its southern side. Karatal freezes up in December and stays icebound until March. Because of diversions for irrigation, the river's flow into Lake Balkash is limited.

Saryesik-Atyrau Desert
The Saryesik Atyrau Desert (Kazakh: Сарыесікатырау, Saryesıkatyrau) is a desert in the Balkhash-Alakol Basin, eastern Kazakhstan. It stretches for about 400 km south of Lake Balkhash. It is a sand desert, relatively ecologically healthy with little erosion.  There are a great number of small lakes and ponds in the desert, as well as occasional grasslands, that support a varied animal and bird population. In September 2017, English explorer Jamie Maddison completed a 70-mile, 30 hour ultra-marathon to make the first recorded on-foot crossing of the desert.
Brecksville–Broadview Heights High School
Brecksville–Broadview Heights High School is a comprehensive public high school located in Broadview Heights, Ohio, United States. The school has approximately 1,350 students in grades 9–12. Students come from the communities of Brecksville, Broadview Heights, and very small segments of North Royalton and Independence. The school year consists of two 90-day semesters with four nine-week grading periods (Quarters). Athletic teams are known as the Bees, and the school colors are crimson and gold.

North Royalton, Ohio
North Royalton is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. It is a suburb of Cleveland. The population was 31,322 as of the 2020 census. Originally incorporated as a village in 1927, it achieved the status of city in 1961.
I Feel It All
"I Feel It All" is a song by Canadian indie pop singer-songwriter Feist, released as the third single from her third full-length album, The Reminder (2007), in 2008. The song was acclaimed by music critics and appeared on several music charts, peaking at number 47 on the Canadian Hot 100 and number 22 on the US Billboard Triple A chart. The single-shot music video features Feist igniting many oil drums and fireworks as she runs around a field at night.

One-shot film
A one-shot film (also known as a one-take film, single-take film, or continuous shot feature film) is a full-length movie filmed in one long take by a single camera, or manufactured to give the impression it was.
Berthe Arnold
Berthe Arnold, also known as Berthe Arnold Knorr (June 14, 1896 – December 30, 1968) was a suffragist and a National Woman's Party organizer from Colorado Springs, Colorado. She participated in protests for women's right to vote, during which she was attacked by mobs and arrested, until the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.

La Mesa, California
La Mesa (lit. 'The Table') is a city in San Diego County, California, United States, located nine miles (14 kilometers) east of downtown San Diego in Southern California. The population was 61,121 at the 2020 census, up from 57,065 at the 2010 census. Its civic motto is "the Jewel of the Hills."
Victoria Brownworth
Victoria A. Brownworth (February 1956 – May 22, 2025) was an American journalist, writer and editor. Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, she wrote numerous award-winning articles about AIDS in women, children, and people of color. She was the first person in the United States to write a column about lesbianism in a daily newspaper.

In 1983, Brownworth reported on the "corruption at a Philadelphia based social service agency." She also won the Lambda Literary Award for Lesbian Mystery for her 2016 novel Ordinary Mayhem.

Brownworth used "she" and "they" pronouns.

Lambda Literary Award for Mystery
The Lambda Literary Award for Mystery is an annual literary award, presented by the Lambda Literary Foundation, to a mystery novel by or about people in the LGBT community. Prior to 2021, the award was separated into separate categories for Gay and Lesbian Mystery.