hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Brandy Museum (Philippines)
The Brandy Museum is a museum dedicated to brandy, located in Iloilo Business Park, Mandurriao, Iloilo City, Philippines. It is the first and only museum of its kind in the country. Owned and operated by Emperador, Inc., the museum opened its doors in 2022.

The museum is situated at Casa de Emperador, next to the Iloilo Museum of Contemporary Art (ILOMOCA).

Brandy
Brandy is a liquor produced by distilling wine. Brandy generally contains 35–60% alcohol by volume (70–120 US proof) and is typically consumed as an after-dinner digestif. Some brandies are aged in wooden casks. Others are coloured with caramel colouring to imitate the effect of ageing, and some are produced using a combination of ageing and colouring. Varieties of wine brandy can be found across the winemaking world. Among the most renowned are Cognac and Armagnac from southwestern France.

In a broader sense, the term brandy also denotes liquors obtained from the distillation of pomace (yielding pomace brandy), or mash or wine of any other fruit (fruit brandy). These products are also called eau de vie (literally "water of life" in French).
Julia Blackburn
Julia Blackburn (born 1948) is a British author of both fiction and non-fiction. She is the daughter of poet Thomas Blackburn and artist Rosalie de Meric.

She was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature in 2002.

Blackburn's bohemian and troubled upbringing is the subject of her memoir The Three of Us (2008).

Royal Society of Literature
The Royal Society of Literature (RSL) is a learned society founded in 1820 by King George IV to "reward literary merit and excite literary talent". A charity that represents the voice of literature in the UK, the RSL has about 800 Fellows, elected from among the best writers in any genre currently at work. Additionally, Honorary Fellows are chosen from those who have made a significant contribution to the advancement of literature, including publishers, agents, librarians, booksellers or producers. The society is a cultural tenant at London's Somerset House. The RSL is an independent charity and relies on the support of its Members, Patrons, Fellows and friends to continue its work.
Haynes-Apperson
Haynes-Apperson Company was a manufacturer of Brass Era automobiles in Kokomo, Indiana, from 1896 to 1905. It was the first automobile manufacturer in Indiana, and among the first in the United States. Elwood Haynes, one of the founders, worked on early types of stainless steel and was the inventor of stellite, and many of the early advances in automobile technology were first invented by the company.

Stellite
Stellite alloys are a range of cobalt-chromium alloys designed for wear resistance. "Stellite" is also a registered trademark of Kennametal, Inc. and is used in association with cobalt-chromium alloys.
Binary game
In mathematics, the binary game is a topological game introduced by Stanisław Ulam in 1935 in an addendum to problem 43 of the Scottish book as a variation of the Banach–Mazur game.

In the binary game, one is given a fixed subset X of the set {0,1}N of all sequences of 0s and 1s. The players take it in turn to choose a digit 0 or 1, and the first player wins if the sequence they form lies in the set X. Another way to represent this game is to pick a subset  of the interval  on the real line, then the players alternatively choose binary digits . Player I wins the game if and only if the binary number , that is, . See, page 237.

The binary game is sometimes called Ulam's game, but "Ulam's game" usually refers to the Rényi–Ulam game.

Scottish Book
The Scottish Book (Polish: Księga Szkocka) was a thick notebook used by mathematicians of the Lwów School of Mathematics in Poland for jotting down problems meant to be solved. The notebook was named after the "Scottish Café" where it was kept.

Originally, the mathematicians who gathered at the cafe would write down the problems and equations directly on the cafe's marble table tops, but these would be erased at the end of each day, and so the record of the preceding discussions would be lost. The idea for the book was most likely originally suggested by Stefan Banach's wife, Łucja Banach. Stefan or Łucja Banach purchased a large notebook and left it with the proprietor of the cafe.
Manaswini Lata Ravindra
Manaswini Lata Ravindra is a Marathi playwright, screenwriter and director, known for writing the play Amar Photo Studio and also being one of the writers of the Marathi sitcom Dil Dosti Duniyadari. In 2016, she is a recipient of the Sahitya Akademi Yuva Puraskar for her short story collection, Blogchya Aarshyapallyad.

Ti Saddhya Kay Karte
Ti Saddhya Kay Karte (transl. What does she do these days) is a 2017 Marathi-language romantic drama film which is produced by Zee Studios and directed by Satish Rajwade. It stars Ankush Chaudhari and Tejashree Pradhan in lead roles. Abhinay Berde, son of actor Lakshmikant Berde and Aarya Ambekar play younger versions of the characters played by Ankush and Tejashree. The film was theatrically released on 6 January 2017.

Ti Saddhya Kay Karte's trailer attached with Aamir Khan's Dangal was released in cinemas in Maharashtra.
Gibbosporina nitida
Gibbosporina nitida is a species of foliose lichen in the family Pannariaceae. It was described as a new species in 2016 by Arve Elvebakk, Soon Gyu Hong, and Per Magnus Jørgensen. The specific epithet nitida, derived from the Latin nitidus ("glossy"), refers to the lustrous upper lobe surfaces. The lichen occurs in northeast Australia, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, and Fiji.

Pannariaceae
The Pannariaceae are a family of lichens in the order Peltigerales (suborder Collematineae). Species from this family have a widespread distribution, but are especially prevalent in southern temperate regions.
Iwona Matkowska
Iwona Nina Matkowska-Sadowska (Polish pronunciation: [iˈvɔna ˈnina matˈkɔfska]; born 28 May 1982 in Żary) is a Polish freestyle wrestler. She competed in the freestyle 48 kg event at the 2012 Summer Olympics; after beating Patricia Bermúdez in the qualifications and Davaasükhiin Otgontsetseg in the 1/8 finals, she was defeated by Mariya Stadnik in the quarterfinals and eliminated by Clarissa Chun in the repechage round. In June 2015, she competed in the inaugural European Games, for Poland in wrestling, more specifically, Women's Freestyle in the 48 kilogram range. She earned a bronze medal.

In March 2021, she competed at the European Qualification Tournament in Budapest, Hungary hoping to qualify for the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan.

Wrestling at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's freestyle 48 kg
Women's freestyle 48 kilograms competition at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, United Kingdom, took place on 8 August at ExCeL London.

This freestyle wrestling competition consists of a single-elimination tournament, with a repechage used to determine the winner of two bronze medals. The two finalists face off for gold and silver medals. Each wrestler who loses to one of the two finalists moves into the repechage, culminating in a pair of bronze medal matches featuring the semifinal losers each facing the remaining repechage opponent from their half of the bracket.

Each bout consists of up to three rounds, lasting two minutes apiece. The wrestler who scores more points in each round is the winner of that rounds; the bout ends when one wrestler has won two rounds (and thus the match).
Oley Douglas
Oley Douglas (21 March 1684 – 9 November 1719) was a British Member of Parliament.

He was the eldest surviving son of John Douglas of Westgate, Newcastle upon Tyne, and East Matfen and Halton, Northumberland and entered Gray's Inn in 1703, where he was called to the bar in 1710.

He was a Member of Parliament (MP) for Morpeth, Northumberland from 1713 to 1715.

He died aged 35 in 1719. He had married in 1718, Mary, the daughter of Richard Harris, a London merchant, and had one daughter.

Morpeth (UK Parliament constituency)
Morpeth was a constituency centred on the town of Morpeth in Northumberland represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of England from 1553 to 1707, the Parliament of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800, and then the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1800 to 1983.

The Parliamentary Borough of Morpeth first sent Members (MPs) to Parliament in 1553. It elected two MPs under the bloc vote system until the 1832 general election, when the Great Reform Act reduced its representation to one MP, elected under the first past the post system. The seat was redesignated as a county constituency for the 1950 general election and abolished for the 1983 general election.
Susan Ackerman (neuroscientist)
Susan L. Ackerman is an American neuroscientist and geneticist.  Her work has highlighted some of the genetic and biochemical factors that are involved in the development of the central nervous system and age-related neurodegeneration. Her research is aimed at helping scientists understand what causes several types of neurodegeneration in mammals. This research, and others' like it, may lead to cures for neurodegenerative diseases. Ackerman is a professor at University of California San Diego. She was formerly a professor at the Jackson Laboratory and the Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences at Tufts University. She also serves as an adjunct professor at the University of Maine, Orono. Ackerman was an associate geneticist at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts.

Apoptosis-inducing factor
Apoptosis inducing factor is involved in initiating a caspase-independent pathway of apoptosis (positive intrinsic regulator of apoptosis) by causing DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation. Apoptosis inducing factor is a flavoprotein. It also acts as an NADH oxidase. Another AIF function is to regulate the permeability of the mitochondrial membrane upon apoptosis. Normally it is found behind the outer membrane of the mitochondrion and is therefore secluded from the nucleus. However, when the mitochondrion is damaged, it moves to the cytosol and to the nucleus. Inactivation of AIF leads to resistance of embryonic stem cells to death following the withdrawal of growth factors indicating that it is involved in apoptosis.
Włodzicka Mountain
Włodzicka Góra (German: Königswalder Spitzberg) is a mountain in the Włodzickie Hills, a range of the Central Sudetes, in south-western Poland. At a height of 757 metres (2,484 ft), it is the highest peak of the Nowa Ruda Depression. The mountain is located in the village of Świerki, in Kłodzko County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship.

Central Sudetes
The Central Sudetes (Czech: Orlická oblast or Střední Sudety, Polish: Sudety Środkowe, German: Mittelsudeten) are the central part of the Sudetes mountain range on the border of the Czech Republic and Poland. They stretch from the Nysa Kłodzka River and the Kłodzko Valley in the east to the upper Bóbr in the west.

The Central Sudetes comprise a number of mountain ranges, including:

Orlické Mountains

Bystrzyckie Mountains

Bardzkie Mountains

Owl Mountains

Krucze Mountains

Stone Mountains

Stołowe Mountains

Waldenburg Mountains

The largest city in the Central Sudetes is Wałbrzych in Poland, where there are extensive hard coal deposits under the Wałbrzyskie and partly Owl Mountains.
Ikramov
Ikramov (feminine: Ikramova) is an Uzbek surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Adkham Ikramov (born 1968), Uzbek politician

Akmal Ikramov (1898–1938), Uzbek Soviet politician

Sarvar Ikramov (born 1995), Uzbek tennis player

Surat Ikramov (1945–2021), Uzbek activist

Adkham Ikramov
Adkham Ilkhamovich Ikramov (born December 20, 1968, Tashkent, Uzbekistan) is an Uzbek former statesman, Minister of Sports (since January 18, 2024), Minister of  Youth policy and Sports of the Republic of Uzbekistan (since December 30, 2022), Minister of Sports Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan (in 2022), Chairman Chamber of Commerce and Industry (2017–2022), Minister of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan (2009–2012, 2016–2017), Deputy Prime Minister of the Republic of Uzbekistan (2012–2016).
Hickory Stump Hollow
Hickory Stump Hollow is a valley in southeastern Ozark County in the Ozarks of southern Missouri. The valley headwaters lie just south of U.S. Route 160 east of Tecumseh. The stream enters Bridges Creek about one-quarter mile east of the waters of Norfork Lake.

The headwaters of the stream in the valley are at 36°36′04″N 92°13′13″W﻿ / ﻿36.60111°N 92.22028°W﻿ / 36.60111; -92.22028 and the confluence with Bridges Creek is at 36°34′13″N 92°14′26″W﻿ / ﻿36.57028°N 92.24056°W﻿ / 36.57028; -92.24056.

Hickory Stump Hollow was named for the fact stumps of hickory trees were a common sight in the area.

U.S. Route 160
U.S. Route 160 (US 160) is a 1,465-mile-long (2,358 km) east–west United States Numbered Highway in the Midwestern and Western United States. The western terminus of the route is at US 89 five miles (8.0 km) west of Tuba City, Arizona. The eastern terminus is at US 67 and Missouri 158 southwest of Poplar Bluff, Missouri.
Its route, if not its number, was made famous in song in 1975, as the road from Wolf Creek Pass to Pagosa Springs, Colorado in C.W. McCall's country music song "Wolf Creek Pass".
Kevin Gosling
Kevin Gosling is the first living Canadian to donate a non-directed live organ to an anonymous organ transplant recipient. The elective surgery was performed on April 19, 2005 at Toronto General Hospital, when the Eastern Ontario native was 46-years-old. At a time when live organ transplant surgeries in Canada only involved donors whose live organ was intentionally directed to the transplant recipient -- a person whose identity is known -- Gosling's push to give a portion of his liver to an unknown person in need sparked the Canadian health care system to allow "non-directed live organ donation" -- the term for people who donate anonymously without a specific recipient in mind -- for organ transplant consideration.

Eastern Ontario
Eastern Ontario (census population 1,892,332 in 2021) (French: Est de l'Ontario) is a secondary region of Southern Ontario in the Canadian province of Ontario. It occupies a wedge-shaped area bounded by the Ottawa River and Quebec to the northeast and east, the St. Lawrence River and New York to the south, and Northern Ontario and Central Ontario to the west and northwest.
Charissa Panuve
Charissa Panuve (born 19 November 1994) is a Tongan swimmer. She represented Tonga at the 2019 World Aquatics Championships held in Gwangju, South Korea. She competed in the women's 100 metre freestyle and women's 200 metre freestyle events. In both events she did not advance to compete in the semi-finals.

In 2018, she represented Tonga at the Commonwealth Games in Gold Coast, Australia. She also represented Tonga at the 2022 Commonwealth Games in Birmingham, England.

Tonga at the 2022 Commonwealth Games
Tonga competed at the 2022 Commonwealth Games at Birmingham, England from 28 July to 8 August 2022. Tonga made its eleventh attendance at the Games.

Sione Tupou and Kuinini Manumua were the country's flagbearers during the opening ceremony.
Joanna Kidman
Joanna Kidman FRSNZ is a Māori sociology academic of Ngāti Maniapoto and Ngāti Raukawa  descent and as of 2019 is a full professor at  Victoria University of Wellington. In 2024 she was elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society Te Apārangi.

Ngāti Maniapoto
Ngāti Maniapoto is an iwi (tribe) based in the Waikato-Waitomo region of New Zealand's North Island. It is part of the Tainui confederation, the members of which trace their whakapapa (genealogy) back to people who arrived in New Zealand on the waka (canoe) Tainui. The 2018 New Zealand census reports show an estimated population of 45,930 people who affiliated with Maniapoto, making it the 9th most-populous iwi in New Zealand.
Birkenhead War Memorial
Birkenhead War Memorial, or Birkenhead Cenotaph, stands in Hamilton Square, Birkenhead, Merseyside, England, opposite the Town Hall.  It consists of a cenotaph in Portland stone with carved figures and panels in Westmorland stone.  The memorial was designed by Lionel Budden, and the sculptor was H. Tyson Smith.  It was unveiled in 1925 by Lieutenant-General Sir Richard H. K. Butler.  The memorial is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II* listed building.

Lieutenant-general (United Kingdom)
Lieutenant general (Lt Gen), formerly more commonly lieutenant-general, is a senior rank in the British Army and the Royal Marines. It is the equivalent of a multinational three-star rank; some British lieutenant generals sometimes wear three-star insignia, in addition to their standard insignia, when on multinational operations.

Lieutenant general is a superior rank to major general, but subordinate to a (full) general. The rank has a NATO rank code of OF-8, equivalent to a vice-admiral in the Royal Navy and an air marshal in the Royal Air Force (RAF) and the air forces of many Commonwealth countries.

The rank insignia for both the Army and the Royal Marines is a crown over a crossed sabre and baton. During the reign of Elizabeth II, the St Edward's Crown, commonly known as the Queen's Crown, was depicted. Before 1953, and again since the accession of Charles III in 2022, the Tudor Crown has been used.
Pelangi Air
Pelangi Airways Sdn Bhd (doing business as Pelangi Airways or Pelangi Air) was a regional airline of Malaysia based at Kuala Lumpur Subang Airport. The airline covered secondary routes within Peninsular Malaysia and international flights to Sumatra in Indonesia, Thailand and Singapore.

Regional airline
A regional airline is a general classification of airline which typically operates scheduled passenger air service, using regional aircraft, between communities lacking sufficient demand or infrastructure to attract mainline flights. In North America, most regional airlines are classified as "fee-for-departure" carriers, operating their revenue flights as codeshare services contracted by one or more major airline partners. A number of regional airlines, particularly during the 1960s and 1970s, were classified as commuter airlines in the Official Airline Guide (OAG).
Tibetan spaniel
The Tibetan Spaniel is a breed of assertive, small dogs originating in Tibet. This breed is not a spaniel in the original meaning of the term; its breeding differs from other spaniels, and unlike true spaniels, which are gun dogs, the Tibetan spaniel is a companion dog. The spaniel name may have been given due to its resemblance to the bred-down lapdog versions of the hunting spaniels, such as the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel.

Spaniel
A spaniel is a type of gun dog. Spaniels were especially bred to flush game out of denser brush. By the late 17th century, spaniels had been specialized into water and land breeds. The extinct English Water Spaniel was used to retrieve water fowl shot down with arrows. Land spaniels were setting spaniels—those that crept forward and pointed their game, allowing hunters to ensnare them with nets, and springing spaniels — those that sprang pheasants and partridges (for hunting with falcon) and also rabbits and smaller mammals such as rats and mice (for hunting with greyhounds). During the 17th century, the role of the spaniel dramatically changed as Englishmen began hunting with flintlocks for wing shooting. Charles Goodall and Julia Gasow (1984) write that spaniels were "transformed from untrained, wild beaters, to smooth, polished gun dogs."

The word "spaniel" would seem to be derived from the medieval French espaigneul—"Spanish"—to modern French, espagnol.
Aircraft fabric covering
Aircraft fabric covering is a term used for both the material used and the process of covering aircraft open structures. It is also used for reinforcing closed plywood structures. The de Havilland Mosquito is an example of this technique, as are the pioneering all-wood monocoque fuselages of certain World War I German aircraft like the LFG Roland C.II in its wrapped Wickelrumpf plywood strip and fabric covering.

Early aircraft used organic materials such as cotton and cellulose nitrate dope; modern fabric-covered designs usually use synthetic materials such as Dacron and butyrate dope for adhesive. Modern methods are often used in the restoration of older types that were originally covered using traditional methods.

Synthetic fiber
Synthetic fibers or synthetic fibres (in British English; see spelling differences) are fibers made by humans through chemical synthesis, as opposed to natural fibers that are directly derived from living organisms, such as plants like cotton or fur from animals. They are the result of extensive research by scientists aimed at replicating naturally occurring animal and plant fibers. In general, synthetic fibers are created by extruding fiber-forming materials through spinnerets, forming a fiber. These are called synthetic or artificial fibers. The word 'polymer' comes from the Greek prefix 'poly,' which means 'many,' and the suffix 'mer,' which means 'single units'. (Note: each single unit of a polymer is called a monomer).
Sibbinda Constituency
Sibbinda Constituency is a constituency in Namibia's Zambezi Region, with its administrative centre located in the settlement of Sibbinda. As of 2023, it has a population of 17,126 residents.

Sibbinda Constituency is situated alongside the Trans-Caprivi Highway. borders three other Zambezi constituencies: Linyanti in the southwest, Katima Mulilo Rural in the east, and Kongola in the north. It further borders Botswana in the far southeast. The settlement Chinchimane belongs to this constituency. The constituency covers an area of 1,699 km², resulting in a population density of 6.0 people per km².

B8 road (Namibia)
B8 road often known as the Golden Highway  is one of the national highways of Namibia. It leads from the B1 at Otavi via Grootfontein and Rundu through the Caprivi Strip to the border town of Katima Mulilo (where there is a short 4-kilometre (2.5 mi) spur section, also designated B8, crossing into Zambia)  and further on to the Botswana border at Ngoma. The section from Otavi to Katima Mulilo forms part of the Walvis Bay-Ndola-Lubumbashi Development Road (Trans-Caprivi Highway).
Winning hearts and minds
Winning hearts and minds is a concept occasionally expressed in the resolution of war, insurgency, and other conflicts, in which one side seeks to prevail not by the use of superior force, but by making emotional or intellectual appeals to sway supporters of the other side.

The use of the term "hearts and minds" to reference a method of bringing a subjugated population on side, was first used by French general and colonial administrator Hubert Lyautey as part of his strategy to counter the Black Flags rebellion during the Tonkin campaign in 1895. The term has also been attributed to Gerald Templer's strategy during the Malayan Emergency.

The efficacy of "hearts and minds" as a counterinsurgency strategy has been debated.

Tonkin campaign
The Tonkin campaign was an armed conflict fought between June 1883 and April 1886 by the French against, variously, the Vietnamese, Liu Yongfu's Black Flag Army and the Chinese Guangxi and Yunnan armies to occupy Tonkin (northern Vietnam) and entrench a French protectorate there.  The campaign, complicated in August 1884 by the outbreak of the Sino-French War and in July 1885 by the Cần Vương nationalist uprising in Annam (central Vietnam), which required the diversion of large numbers of French troops, was conducted by the Tonkin Expeditionary Corps, supported by the gunboats of the Tonkin Flotilla. The campaign officially ended in April 1886, when the expeditionary corps was reduced in size to a division of occupation, but Tonkin was not effectively pacified until 1896.