hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1835 in birding and ornithology
.

The Beagle lands at the Galápagos Islands and Charles Darwin collects the finches which bear his name.

Carl Jakob Sundevall develops a phylogeny for the birds in Lärobok i zoologien (Handbook of Zoology). This is based on the muscles of the hip and leg.

Frédéric de Lafresnaye describes the magpie mannikin and the cactus wren in Revue et magasin de zoologie (founded by Félix Édouard Guérin-Méneville.

Death of Alexander Collie

Death of Carl Wilhelm Hahn

Alexander von Nordmann describes spotted redshank in Reise um die erde durch Nord-Asien und die beiden oceane in den jahren 1828, 1829 und 1830 ausgeführt

1835-1839 Philip Barker Webb, Sabin Berthelot and Alfred Moquin-Tandon begin  L'Histoire Naturelle des Îles Canaries published in Paris

Charles Thorold Wood publishes The Ornithological Guide

Thomas Barwick Lloyd Baker publishes An Ornithological Index

Frédéric de Lafresnaye
Baron Nöel Frédéric Armand André de Lafresnaye (24 July 1783 – 14 July 1861) was a French ornithologist and collector.

Lafresnaye was born into an aristocratic family at Chateau de La Fresnaye in Falaise, Normandy. He took an early interest in natural history, particularly entomology. It was only after acquiring a collection of European birds that he turned his attention to ornithology.

Lafresnaye described a number of new bird species, some with Alcide d'Orbigny. He accumulated a collection of over 8,000 bird skins at his home. After his death the collection was purchased by the American collector Henry Bryant and donated to the Boston Natural History Society. It was transferred to the Museum of Comparative Zoology in 1914.

Lafresnaye's piculet, Lafresnaye's woodcreeper and Lafresnaye's vanga are avian species that bear his name, as is the monotypic hummingbird genus Lafresnaya.
Ray Moore (drag racer)
Ray Moore is an American gasser drag racer.

Driving a Chevrolet-powered 1940 Willys dubbed Chicken Coupe,   he won NHRA's B/GS national championship at Indianapolis Raceway Park in 1961.  His winning pass was 11.76 seconds at 120.32 mph (193.64 km/h).

Drag racing
Drag racing is a type of motor racing in which automobiles or motorcycles compete, usually two at a time, to be first to cross a set finish line. The race follows a short, straight course from a standing start over a measured distance, most commonly 1⁄4 mi (1,320 ft; 402 m), with a shorter, 1,000 ft (0.19 mi; 304.80 m) distance becoming increasingly popular, as it has become the standard for Top Fuel dragsters and Funny Cars, where some major bracket races and other sanctioning bodies have adopted it as the standard. The 1⁄8 mi (660 ft; 201 m) is also popular in some circles. Electronic timing and speed sensing systems have been used to record race results since the 1960s.

The history of automobiles and motorcycles being used for drag racing is nearly as long as the history of motorized vehicles themselves, and has taken the form of both illegal street racing and as a regulated motorsport.
Old Providence McBean Lagoon National Natural Park
The Old Providence McBean Lagoon National Natural Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional Natural Old Providence McBean Lagoon) is a national park located on the northeast side of Providencia Island in the Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina, Colombia.

It is one of three national parks in the Colombian Caribbean with coral reefs on its territories, the other two being Tayrona and Rosario and San Bernardo Corals.

Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina
The Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina (Spanish: Archipiélago de San Andrés, Providencia y Santa Catalina, pronounced [aɾtʃiˈpjelaɣo ðe ˌsan anˈdɾes pɾoβiˈðensja j ˌsanta kataˈlina]), or San Andrés and Providencia, is one of the departments of Colombia. It consists of two island groups in the Caribbean Sea about 775 km (418 nmi; 482 mi) northwest of mainland Colombia, and eight outlying banks and reefs. The largest island of the archipelago and Colombia is called San Andrés and its capital is San Andrés. The other large islands are Providencia and Santa Catalina Islands which lie to the north-east of San Andrés; their capital is Santa Isabel.
Lindy Davies
Lindy Davies (born 29 August 1946) works in various roles in theatre, film and television, and is well known for creating an approach to performance for the intuitive actor. Lindy was the head of drama at the former Victorian College of the Arts for over 11 years until 2007, and worked as a performance consultant on films including Afterglow (1997) and Away From Her (2006) with Julie Christie. .In 1985, she won the AFI (AACTA) Award for Best Supporting Actress for the 1986 film Malcolm.  As an actress, she also played Ruth Ballinger in the Australian soap opera Prisoner

State Theatre Company of South Australia
The State Theatre Company of South Australia (STCSA), branded State Theatre Company South Australia, formerly the South Australian Theatre Company (SATC), is South Australia's leading professional theatre company, and a statutory corporation. It was established as the official state theatre company by the State Theatre Company of South Australia Act 1972, on the initiative of Premier Don Dunstan.

Many of the performances are staged at the Dunstan Playhouse and Space Theatre at the Adelaide Festival Centre. As of November 2024 the artistic director and co-CEO is Petra Kalive. Notable actors, writers and directors working with the company have included Patrick White, Neil Armfield, Ruth Cracknell, Andrew Bovell, Judy Davis, Gale Edwards, Mel Gibson, Geoffrey Rush, Jim Sharman, Hugo Weaving, Elena Carapetis and John Wood.
Radio Nikkei Sho
The Radio Nikkei Sho (Japanese ラジオNIKKEI賞) is a Grade 3 horse race for three-year-old Thoroughbreds in Japan run in late June or early July over a distance of 1800 metres at Fukushima Racecourse.

The race was first run in 1952 and was promoted to Grade 3 status in 1984. The race was run at Tokyo Racecourse and Nakayama Racecourse before moving to its current venue in 1979. It was run at Niigata Racecourse in 1989, Tokyo in 2000 and Nakayama in 2011.

Niigata Racecourse
Niigata Racecourse (新潟競馬場, Niigata keibajō) is located in Kita-ku Niigata, Niigata in the Chūbu region of Japan. It is used for horse racing. It was built in 1965. The capacity of the grandstand is 75,000.
Balışıh railway station
Balışıh railway station (Turkish: Balışıh istasyonu) is a railway station in Balışeyh, Turkey. The station was originally opened on 20 November 1925 by the Anatolian—Baghdad Railways and was one of the first railway stations built by the newly formed Republic of Turkey.

TCDD Taşımacılık operates two daily intercity trains from Ankara to Kurtalan, and Tatvan,

TCDD Transport
TCDD Transport or Turkish State Railways Transport (Turkish: TCDD Taşımacılık, reporting mark TCDDT) is a government-owned railway company responsible for the operations of most passenger and freight rail in Turkey. The company was formed on 14 June 2016, splitting off from Turkish State Railways (TCDD) to take over railway operations, while TCDD would continue to administer railway infrastructure. TCDD Taşımacılık officially began operations on 1 January 2017.

TCDD Taşımacılık operates trains on a network of over 12,430 km (7,720 mi) within 59 of the 81 provinces in Turkey.
Order of the Apostles of the Last Days
The Order of the Apostles of the Last Days is a Roman Catholic religious order proposed by the visionary Mélanie Calvat claiming guidance from Our Lady of La Salette at a private apparition on 19 September 1846 on the mountain at La Salette, Isère in France.

La Salette-Fallavaux
La Salette-Fallavaux (French pronunciation: [la salˈɛt falavˈo]) is a commune in the Isère department in southeastern France. The sanctuary of Our Lady of La Salette in the mountains above the village is a well-known pilgrimage site devoted to an 1846 Marian apparition.
Ulrich Noethen
Ulrich Noethen (born 18 November 1959) is a German actor who has appeared in many movies and TV films.

He starred in Comedian Harmonists. He also played Heinrich Himmler twice, in Der Untergang and Mein Führer – Die wirklich wahrste Wahrheit über Adolf Hitler.

Noethen has won various awards for his acting, including the German Film Award, the Bavarian Film Award, the Adolf Grimme Award and the Golden Camera.

German Film Award
The German Film Award (German: Deutscher Filmpreis),  also known as Lola after its prize statuette, is the national film award of Germany. It is presented at an annual ceremony honouring cinematic achievements in the German film industry. Besides being the most important film award in Germany, it is also the most highly endowed German cultural award, with cash prizes in its current 20 categories totalling nearly three million euros.

From 1951 to 2004 it was awarded by a commission, but since 2005 the award has been organized by the German Film Academy (Deutsche Filmakademie). The Federal Commissioner for Cultural and Media Affairs has been responsible for the administration of the prize since 1999. The awards ceremony is traditionally held in Berlin.
Mackley
Mackley is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alan Mackley (1913–1982), Australian cricket umpire

Arthur Mackley (1865–1926), English actor and film director

Garnet Mackley (1883–1886), New Zealand businessman and politician

Geoff Mackley, New Zealand photographer

George Mackley (1900–1983), English wood engraver

Ian Mackley (born 1942), British diplomat

Shane Mackley, Australian rugby league player

Ian Mackley
Ian Warren Mackley CMG CVO (31 March 1942 – 2 January 2014) was a British diplomat.

Mackley was educated at Ardingly College. He was British Chargé d'Affaires to Afghanistan between 1987 and 1989, and went on to serve as British High Commissioner to Ghana between 1996 and 2000 where he concurrently served as non-resident ambassadors to Togo. He featured in a satirical cartoon strip by Steve Bell in The Guardian when the British mission withdrew from Afghanistan at the time of the Taliban takeover. After retiring from the FCO in 2001, he served as a clerk in the House of Lords.
Bruzzano Zeffirio
Bruzzano Zeffirio (Greek: Zephyrion) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Reggio Calabria in the Italian region Calabria, located about 110 kilometres (68 mi) southwest of Catanzaro and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) southeast of Reggio Calabria.

Its territory is included in the Aspromonte National Park.

Province of Reggio Calabria
The province of Reggio Calabria (Italian: provincia di Reggio Calabria) was a province in the Calabria region of Italy. It was the southernmost province in mainland Italy and is separated from the island of Sicily by the Strait of Messina. The capital was the city of Reggio.

It was effectively replaced by the Metropolitan City of Reggio Calabria in 2017.
The Genius Sings the Blues
The Genius Sings the Blues is an album by Ray Charles, released in October 1961 on Atlantic Records. The album was his last release for Atlantic, compiling twelve blues songs from various sessions during his tenure for the label. The album showcases Charles's stylistic development with a combination of piano blues, jazz, and southern R&B. The photo for the album cover was taken by renowned photographer Lee Friedlander. The Genius Sings the Blues was reissued in 2003 by Rhino Entertainment with liner notes by Billy Taylor.

Southern soul
Southern soul or country soul is a type of soul and country music that emerged from the Southern United States. The music originated from a combination of styles, including blues (both 12 bar and jump), country, early R&B, and a strong gospel influence that emanated from the sounds of Southern black churches. Bass guitar, drums, horn section, organ, and gospel roots vocal are important to soul groove. This rhythmic force made it a strong influence in the rise of funk music. The terms "deep soul", "country soul", "downhome soul" and "hard soul" have been used synonymously with "Southern soul".p. 18
Jibrin (surname)
Jibrin is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Abdulmumin Jibrin (born 1976), Nigerian politician, businessman and academic

Augustine Jibrin (born 1988), Nigerian football player

Barau I Jibrin (born 1959), Nigerian politician

Bello Jibrin Gada (born 1954), Nigerian politician

Usman Oyibe Jibrin (born 1959), Nigerian naval officer

Usman Jibrin (1942–2011), Nigerian politician

Barau Jibrin
Barau I. Jibrin, PhD, CFR (born 19 June 1959) is a Nigerian politician who is the current deputy president of the Nigerian Senate since 2023. He is the senator representing Kano North since 2015.

On 13 June 2023, he emerged deputy president of the newly inaugurated 10th Senate after his nomination for the position was unopposed.

He is the founder and owner of Barau FC.
Zlib
zlib (/ˈziːlɪb/ or "zeta-lib", /ˈziːtəˌlɪb/) is a data format and a lossless data compression software library created by Jean-loup Gailly and Mark Adler. The library implements the Deflate algorithm and supports compressing and decompressing data using the zlib data format, the gzip file format, or simply as a Deflate stream.

zlib is also a crucial component of many software platforms, including Linux, macOS, and iOS. It has also been used in gaming consoles such as the PlayStation 4, PlayStation 3, Wii U, Wii, Xbox One and Xbox 360.

The first public version of Zlib, 0.9, was released on 1 May 1995 and was originally intended for use with the libpng image library. It is free software, distributed under the zlib License.

RFC 1950 specifies the zlib data format.

Zeta
Zeta (UK: /ˈziːtə/, US: /ˈzeɪtə/ ⓘ; uppercase Ζ, lowercase ζ; Ancient Greek: ζῆτα, Demotic Greek: ζήτα, classical [d͡zɛ̌ːta] or [zdɛ̌ːta] zē̂ta; Modern Greek: [ˈzita] zíta) is the sixth letter of the Greek alphabet. In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of 7. It was derived from the Phoenician letter zayin (𐤆). Letters that arose from zeta include the Roman Z and Cyrillic З.
Weddinger Opposition
The Weddinger opposition (also known as the Weber group, more rarely Wedding-Palatinate opposition) was a group of the ultra-left wing of the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) that was formed in 1924. From 1928 onwards, the KPD leadership acted with numerous party expulsions against the group, which had been organized as a parliamentary group in the KPD since 1926. The group had around 2000 members in 1927; their strongholds were in the Berlin district of Wedding, in the Palatinate, which belongs to Bavaria, and in western Saxony.

Arkadi Maslow
Arkadi Maslow, born Isaak Yefimowich Chemerinsky (March 9, 1891 – November 20, 1941), was a communist politician in the German Republic, Along with his partner Ruth Fischer, he was a leading figure in the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) through both the May 1924 and December 1924 federal elections.
Anne Watson (mathematics educator)
Anne Watson FIMA is a British mathematics educator. She is a professor emeritus in the department of education at the University of Oxford, where she was a fellow of Linacre College, Oxford. She is a Fellow of the International Society for Design and Development in Education and of the Institute for Mathematics and its Applications.

Watson was a comprehensive school teacher before becoming an academic. She has been a Quaker "off and on since the early 1980s" when she was a teacher, and belongs to the Steering Group of the Quaker Values in Education Group of the Society of Friends.

Watson has expressed opposition to plans to disallow calculators on the National Curriculum assessment, and to grade the assessment by assigning partial credit to wrong answers using traditional calculation techniques but not for wrong answers using other methods, arguing that this emphasis on rote learning "works against the flexible number sense that we would want all children to develop".

Mathematics education
In contemporary education, mathematics education (known in Europe as the didactics or pedagogy of mathematics) is the practice of teaching, learning, and carrying out scholarly research into the transfer of mathematical knowledge.

Although research into mathematics education is primarily concerned with the tools, methods, and approaches that facilitate practice or the study of practice, it also covers an extensive field of study encompassing a variety of different concepts, theories and methods. National and international organisations regularly hold conferences and publish literature in order to improve mathematics education.
USS Vermillion
USS Vermillion could be referring to a number of different ships in the United States Navy.  All of these vessels are named for a bay located in the Gulf of Mexico off the coast of Louisiana, southeast of Vermilion Parish and southwest of Iberia Parish.

Confusion is caused by the fact that "Vermillion" is frequently spelled "Vermilion" with only one "L".

USS Vermillion (CVE-52) - as a Prince William-class auxiliary escort carrier assigned to Great Britain on 23 June 1943. In 1944 commissioned in the Royal Navy as HMS Smiter (D55).

USS Vermilion (AKA-107) (with one "L") - an attack transport, built in 1944 and served until 1971.

USS Vermillion Bay (CVE-108) - a Commencement Bay-class escort carrier was renamed Kula Gulf on 6 November 1943, prior to the laying of her keel.

This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships.

USS Vermilion (AKA-107)
USS Vermilion (AKA-107/LKA-107), was a Tolland-class attack cargo ship of the United States Navy, named after a parish in southern Louisiana and a county in eastern Illinois. She served as a commissioned ship for 25 years and 9 months.

Tolland was laid down as a Type C2-S-AJ3 ship under a United States Maritime Commission contract (MC hull 1700) on 17 October 1944 by the North Carolina Shipbuilding Company in Wilmington, North Carolina and launched on 12 December 1944, sponsored by Mrs. Rex Freeman. She was delivered to the Navy on 23 December 1944 to be completed as a Navy attack cargo ship at the Todd Shipyard in Brooklyn, New York. She was commissioned at Brooklyn on 23 June 1945 with the hull code AKA-107, Captain F. B. Eggers commanding.
Alberto Luis Aguilar
Alberto Luis Aguilar Calle (14 September 1950 – 25 May 2025) was a Bolivian politician. A member of the Movimiento al Socialismo, he served in the Plurinational Legislative Assembly from 2002 to 2006.

Aguilar died in Oruro on 25 May 2025, at the age of 74.

Oruro
Oruro (Hispanicized spelling) or Uru Uru is a city in Bolivia with a population of 264,683 (2012 calculation), about halfway between La Paz and Sucre in the Altiplano, approximately 3,709 meters (12,169 ft) above sea level.

It is Bolivia's fifth-largest city by population, after Santa Cruz de la Sierra, El Alto, La Paz, and Cochabamba. It is the capital of the Department of Oruro and the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Oruro. Oruro has been subject to cycles of boom and bust owing to its dependence on the mining industry, notably tin, tungsten, silver and copper.
Isovanillin
Isovanillin is a phenolic aldehyde, an organic compound and isomer of vanillin.  It is a selective inhibitor of aldehyde oxidase.  It is not a substrate of that enzyme, and is metabolized by aldehyde dehydrogenase into isovanillic acid, which could make it a candidate drug  for use in alcohol aversion therapy. Isovanillin can be used as a precursor in the chemical total synthesis of morphine. The proposed metabolism of isovanillin (and vanillin) in rat has been described in literature, and is part of the WikiPathways machine readable pathway collection.

Aldehyde oxidase
Aldehyde oxidase (AO) is a metabolizing enzyme, located in the cytosolic compartment of tissues in many organisms. AO catalyzes the oxidation of aldehydes into carboxylic acid, and in addition, catalyzes the hydroxylation of some heterocycles. It can also catalyze the oxidation of both cytochrome P450 and monoamine oxidase (MAO) intermediate products. AO plays an important role in the metabolism of several drugs.
G.165
G.165 is an ITU-T standard for echo cancellers. It is primarily used in telephony. Echo can occur on telephone lines when a user's voice is reflected back to them from further down the line.  This can be distracting for the user and even make conversation unintelligible.  Echo can also interfere with data transmission.  The standard was released for usage in 1993, it was superseded by the G.168.

Echo
In audio signal processing and acoustics, an echo is a reflection of sound that arrives at the listener with a delay after the direct sound. The delay is directly proportional to the distance of the reflecting surface from the source and the listener. Typical examples are the echo produced by the bottom of a well, a building, or the walls of enclosed and empty rooms.
Amezaiku
Amezaiku (飴細工) is Japanese candy craft artistry. An artist takes multi-colored mizuame and, using their hands and other tools such as tweezers and scissors, creates a sculpture. Amezaiku artists also paint their sculpted candy with edible dyes to give the finished work more character. Animals, including goldfish and insects, are common amezaiku shapes created to appeal to children. Intricate animal characters are created with expert speed. Some amezaiku artists are also street performers who perform magic tricks and tell stories along with their candy craft entertainment.

Street performance
Street performance or busking is the act of performing in public places for gratuities. In many countries, the rewards are generally in the form of money but other gratuities such as food, drink or gifts may be given. Street performance is practiced all over the world and dates back to antiquity. People engaging in this practice are called street performers or buskers, although busker is generally not used in American English.

Performances are anything that people find entertaining, including acrobatics, animal tricks, balloon twisting, caricatures, clowning, comedy, contortions, escapology, dance, singing, fire skills, flea circus, fortune-telling, juggling, magic, mime, living statue, musical performance, one man band, puppeteering, snake charming, storytelling or reciting poetry or prose, street art such as sketching and painting, street theatre, sword swallowing, ventriloquism, weightlifting and washboarding. Buskers may be solo performers or small groups.
Ben Lawes
Benjamin 'Ben' James Lawes (born 5 April 1982) is a former English cricketer. Lawes was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break.

Also in 2001, Lawes made his debut for Dorset in the 2001 Minor Counties Championship against Cornwall. From 2001 to 2008, Lawes represented Dorset in 26 Minor Counties Championship matches, with his final Minor Counties appearance for the county coming against Oxfordshire.

Also in 2001, Lawes made his List-A debut for Dorset in the 2nd round of the 2002 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy against Scotland which was played in 2001. Lawes played a further 2 List-A matches for the county against the Worcestershire Cricket Board in the 1st round of the 2003 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy which was played in 2002 and against Yorkshire in 2nd round of the 2004 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy.

Worcestershire Cricket Board
The Worcestershire Cricket Board is the governing body for all recreational cricket in the historic county of Worcestershire.

From 1999 to 2003, the Board fielded a team in the English domestic one-day tournament, matches which had List-A status.