hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Voluntary aided school
A voluntary aided school (VA school) is a state-funded school in England and Wales in which a foundation or trust (usually a religious organisation) contributes to building costs and has a substantial influence in the running of the school. In most cases the foundation or trust owns the buildings. 
Such schools have more autonomy than voluntary controlled schools, which are entirely funded by the state. In some circumstances local authorities can help the governing body in buying a site, or can provide a site or building free of charge.

Originally the term is derived from the funding of the schools through voluntary subscriptions and contributions. Although it is also the case that these are schools previously independent of local or national government that volunteered to be aided by the state.

Hong Kong's education system also has aided (Chinese: 資助) schools.

Charitable trust
A charitable trust is an irrevocable trust established for charitable purposes. In some jurisdictions, it is a more specific term than "charitable organization". A charitable trust enjoys varying degrees of tax benefits in most countries and also generates goodwill. Some important terminology in charitable trusts includes the term "corpus" (Latin for "body"), referring to the assets with which the trust is funded, and the term "donor," which is the person donating assets to a charity.
Rancho Vallecitos de San Marcos
Rancho Vallecitos de San Marcos was a 8,975-acre (36.32 km2) Mexican land grant in present-day northern San Diego County, California, given in 1840  by Governor Juan Alvarado to Jose María Alvarado.  The name means little valleys of St. Mark.  The grant was located between Rancho Rincon del Diablo of Alvarado's father, Juan Bautista Alvarado on the east and Rancho Buena Vista on the west, and encompassed present day San Marcos.

Juan Bautista Alvarado
Juan Bautista Valentín Alvarado y Vallejo (February 14, 1809 – July 13, 1882) usually known as Juan Bautista Alvarado, was a Californio politician who served as governor of Alta California from 1837 to 1842. Prior to his term as governor, Alvarado briefly led a movement for independence of Alta California from 1836 to 1837, in which he successfully deposed interim governor Nicolás Gutiérrez, declared independence, and created a new flag and constitution, before negotiating an agreement with the Mexican government resulting in his recognition as governor and the end of the independence movement.
C space
In the mathematical field of functional analysis, the space denoted by c is the vector space of all convergent sequences  of real numbers or complex numbers.  When equipped with the uniform norm:

the space  becomes a Banach space.  It is a closed linear subspace of the space of bounded sequences, , and contains as a closed subspace the Banach space  of sequences converging to zero.  The dual of  is isometrically isomorphic to  as is that of  In particular, neither  nor  is reflexive.

In the first case, the isomorphism of  with  is given as follows.  If  then the pairing with an element  in  is given by

This is the Riesz representation theorem on the ordinal .

For  the pairing between  in  and  in  is given by

Closed set
In geometry, topology, and related branches of mathematics, a closed set is a set whose complement is an open set. In a topological space, a closed set can be defined as a set which contains all its limit points. In a complete metric space, a closed set is a set which is closed under the limit operation. This should not be confused with closed manifold.

Sets that are both open and closed are called clopen sets.
Phascus shoemakeri
Phascus shoemakeri is a species of leaf beetle reported from the Republic of the Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It was first described from Garamba National Park by Brian J. Selman in 1972. Its host plants include Canthium sp., Erythrophleum guineense and Eriosema psoraleoides, and it was also collected on Scleria, Urena lobata and Bridelia micrantha.

Garamba National Park
Garamba National Park (French: Parc national de la Garamba) is a national park in the north-eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo covering nearly 5,200 km2 (2,000 sq mi). It is among Africa's oldest parks and was designated a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1980 for its protection of critical habitat for northern white rhinoceroses, African elephants, hippopotamuses, and giraffes. Garamba National Park has been managed by African Parks in partnership with the Institut Congolais pour la Conservation de la Nature since 2005.
Shchegolek
Shchegolek (Russian: Щеголек) is a village in western Russia, in Belovsky District of Kursk Oblast. It is the administrative centre of the Shchegolek village council, located at about 83.85 kilometres (52.10 mi) southwest by south (SWbS) of the center of Kursk city and at about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) northwest of Belaya, the administrative center of the district.

Points of the compass
The points of the compass are a set of horizontal, radially arrayed compass directions (or azimuths) used in navigation and cartography. A compass rose is primarily composed of four cardinal directions—north, east, south, and west—each separated by 90 degrees, and secondarily divided by four ordinal (intercardinal) directions—northeast, southeast, southwest, and northwest—each located halfway between two cardinal directions. Some disciplines such as meteorology and navigation further divide the compass with additional azimuths. Within European tradition, a fully defined compass has 32 "points" (and any finer subdivisions are described in fractions of points).

Compass points or compass directions are valuable in that they allow a user to refer to a specific azimuth in a colloquial fashion, without having to compute or remember degrees.
Glenomaru
Glenomaru is a small settlement in The Catlins, an area of the southern South Island of New Zealand. It is located 10 kilometres north of Owaka on the main road to Balclutha.  On 7 July 1891, a branch line railway from the Main South Line in Balclutha was opened to Glenomaru, and the village remained the terminus of the line until it was extended to Tahora on 16 December 1895. This line ultimately terminated in Tahakopa and was known as the Catlins River Branch. It closed on 27 February 1971 and a sawmill now exists on the site of Glenomaru station, though some of the railway's old formation can be seen in the surrounding area and the Hunts Road tunnel is in the vicinity and can be walked.

Main South Line
The Main South Line, sometimes referred to as part of the South Island Main Trunk Railway, is a railway line that runs north and south from Lyttelton in New Zealand through Christchurch and along the east coast of the South Island to Invercargill via Dunedin. It is one of the most important railway lines in New Zealand and was one of the first to be built, with construction commencing in the 1860s. At Christchurch, it connects with the Main North Line to Picton, the other part of the South Island Main Trunk.
Euphorbia boivinii
Euphorbia boivinii is a species of plant in the family Euphorbiaceae. It is endemic to Madagascar.  Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.

The Latin specific epithet of boivinii refers to French explorer and plant collector Louis Hyacinthe Boivin (1808-1852).

Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae (/juːˈfɔːrbiˌeɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/), the spurge family, is a large family of flowering plants. In English, they are also commonly called euphorbias, which is also the name of the type genus of the family. Most spurges, such as Euphorbia paralias, are herbs, but some, especially in the tropics, are shrubs or trees, such as Hevea brasiliensis. Some, such as Euphorbia canariensis,: 206  are succulent and resemble cacti because of convergent evolution. This family has a cosmopolitan global distribution. The greatest diversity of species is in the tropics; however, the Euphorbiaceae also have many species in nontropical areas of all continents except Antarctica.
Cherkutino
Cherkutino (Russian: Черкутино) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Cherkutinskoye Rural Settlement, Sobinsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 1,002 as of 2010. There are 12 streets.

Sobinsky District
Sobinsky District (Russian: Со́бинский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the sixteen in Vladimir Oblast, Russia. It is located in the center and the south of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,523.8 square kilometers (588.3 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Sobinka. Population: 50,883 (2021 Census); 58,801 (2010 Census); 24,864 (2002 Census); 25,549 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Sobinka accounts for 34.3% of the district's total population.
Kerr Lake
The John H. Kerr Reservoir (often called Kerr Lake in North Carolina and Bugg's Island Lake in Virginia) is a reservoir along the border of the U.S. states of North Carolina and Virginia. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers constructed the John H. Kerr Dam across the Roanoke River between 1947 and 1952 to produce hydroelectricity as well as for flood control. Kerr Lake is the largest lake in Virginia, with  850 miles (1,370 km) of shoreline located in Vance, Granville, and Warren counties in North Carolina, as well as Mecklenburg, Charlotte, and Halifax counties in Virginia.  At its maximum capacity, it covers approximately 50,000 acres (200 km2) and is one of the largest reservoirs in the Southeastern United States. The name honors its Congressional sponsor, John H. Kerr, a North Carolina Democrat who supported creation of the lake. The lake supports recreational tourism in North Carolina and Virginia as described below.

Charlotte County, Virginia
Charlotte County is a United States county located in the south central part of the Commonwealth of Virginia. Its county seat is the town of Charlotte Court House.  As of the 2020 census, the county population was 11,529. Charlotte County is predominantly rural with a population density of only 26.5 persons per square mile.

The county was formed in 1764 from Lunenburg County, and it is named for Queen Charlotte, wife of King George III of England.  Founding Father Patrick Henry was one of its most famous residents, and his grave and the national memorial dedicated to him are located in Charlotte County.
Young Ireland
Young Ireland (Irish: Éire Óg, IPA: [ˈeːɾʲə ˈoːɡ]) was a political and cultural movement in the 1840s committed to an all-Ireland struggle for independence and democratic reform. Grouped around the Dublin weekly The Nation, it took issue with the compromises and clericalism of the larger national movement, Daniel O'Connell's Repeal Association, from which it seceded in 1847. Despairing, in the face of the Great Famine, of any other course, in 1848 Young Irelanders attempted an insurrection. Following the arrest and the exile of most of their leading figures, the movement split between those who carried the commitment to "physical force" forward into the Irish Republican Brotherhood, and those who sought to build a "League of North and South" linking an independent Irish parliamentary party to tenant agitation for land reform.

Political movement
A political movement is a collective attempt by a group of people to change government policy or social values. Political movements are usually in opposition to an element of the status quo, and are often associated with a certain ideology. Some theories of political movements are the political opportunity theory, which states that political movements stem from mere circumstances, and the resource mobilization theory which states that political movements result from strategic organization and relevant resources. Political movements are also related to political parties in the sense that they both aim to make an impact on the government and that several political parties have emerged from initial political movements. While political parties are engaged with a multitude of issues, political movements tend to focus on only one major issue.
Mincer earnings function
The Mincer earnings function is a single-equation model that explains wage income as a function of schooling and experience. It is named after Jacob Mincer. Thomas Lemieux argues it is "one of the most widely used models in empirical economics". The equation has been examined on many datasets. Typically the logarithm of earnings is modelled as the sum of years of education and a quadratic function of "years of potential experience".

Where the variables have the following meanings;  is earnings (the intercept  is the earnings of someone with no education and no experience);  is years of schooling;  is years of potential labour market experience;  stands for the error term. The parameters , and ,  can be interpreted as the returns to schooling and experience, respectively.

Sherwin Rosen, in his article celebrating Mincer's contribution, memorably noted that when data was interrogated using this equation one might describe them as having been Mincered.

Thomas Lemieux
Thomas Lemieux (born August 10, 1962) is a Canadian economist and professor at the University of British Columbia.

Lemieux belongs to the world's foremost labour economists in terms of research output, in particular on wage inequality.
Film Garden
Film Garden Entertainment, more commonly known as Film Garden, is a TV production company that produced TV programs for Discovery Health Channel (now Oprah Winfrey Network) and WE tv such as Platinum Weddings, which spawned a spin-off, Amazing Wedding Cakes and A Wedding Story. Film Garden Entertainment specializes in reality and documentary programs.

Production company
A production company, production house, or production studio is a studio that creates works in the fields of performing arts, new media art, film, television, radio, comics, interactive arts, video games, websites, music, and video. These groups consist of technical staff and members to 
produce the media, and are often incorporated as a commercial publisher.

Generally the term refers to all individuals responsible for the technical aspects of creating a particular product, regardless of where in the process their expertise is required, or how long they are involved in the project.  For example, in a theatrical performance, the production team has not only the running crew, but also the theatrical producer, designers, and theatrical direction.
Loved Me Back to Life (song)
"Loved Me Back to Life" is a song by Canadian singer Celine Dion. It was released on 3 September 2013 by Columbia Records as the first single from her eleventh English-language studio album of the same name (2013). The song was co-written by Sia, Hasham "Sham" Hussain and Denarius "Motesart" Motes, and produced by Sham and Motesart. The official live music video was uploaded on Vevo on 18 September 2013. "Loved Me Back to Life" received critical acclaim and became a top forty hit in various countries, including number fourteen in the United Kingdom, number seventeen in South Korea, number twenty-five in Switzerland and Belgium, number twenty-six in Canada, number twenty-nine in Ireland, number thirty-two in France and number thirty-eight in Germany and Austria.

Dave Audé
Dave Audé (/ˈɔːdeɪ/) is an American DJ, producer and remixer. He operates his own label Audacious Records, and is known for having more number ones than any other producer on the Billboard Dance Club Songs chart. He has done production for artists such as U2, will.i.am, t.A.T.u., Katy Perry, Lady Gaga, Barenaked Ladies, Faith No More, Rihanna, Yoko Ono, Britney Spears, Alexis Jordan, Madonna, CeCe Peniston, Jennifer Lopez, Celine Dion, LeAnn Rimes, Selena Gomez, Olivia Holt, Laura Pausini and Beyoncé. As an artist, Audé has scored 14 hit singles so far on the Billboard charts, and an unprecedented 132 No. 1 remixes on the Billboard Dance Club Songs chart. In 2016, Audé won a Grammy Award in the Best Remixed Recording, Non-Classical category for his remix of "Uptown Funk" by Mark Ronson and Bruno Mars. Audé's songs are represented by Downtown Music Publishing. He is managed by songwriter and producer Darrell Brown.
Karolina Tymińska
Karolina Tymińska (born 4 October 1984 in Świebodzin) is a Polish heptathlete. She has represented Poland twice at the Olympic Games (2008 and 2012) and three times at the World Championships in Athletics (2007, 2009 and 2011). She is the bronze medalist in the heptathlon from the 2011 World Championships in Athletics, having originally come fourth in the event before the disqualification, in 2016, of Tatyana Chernova.

Tymińska also regularly competes in the indoor pentathlon event: at the IAAF World Indoor Championships she placed fourth in 2012 and sixth in both 2008 and 2010.

Her personal best in indoor pentathlon result is 4769 points, achieved in July 2008 in Spała. In heptathlon her personal best result is 6544 achieved in August 2011 in Daegu.

She won the European Cup Combined Events title in 2013 with a score of 6347 points, defeating Hanna Melnychenko and setting a javelin throw best of 42.40 m. She placed second at the Decastar meeting with 6288 points.

Décastar
Décastar (stylised DECASTAR) is an annual athletics competition that takes place in Talence, in the department of the Gironde in France. Organised by ADEM L'ADEM, it is one of the athletics meetings that make up the World Athletics Challenge – Combined Events. Male and female athletes compete in the decathlon or heptathlon, respectively, and points scored at the Décastar count towards a yearly total for the parent competition.
Allende (surname)
Allende is a Spanish surname meaning "on the other side". Notable people with the surname include:

Andrés Pascal Allende (b. 1943), Chilean revolutionary and nephew of Salvador Allende

Fernando Allende (b. 1952), Mexican entertainer

Ignacio Allende (1769–1811), Captain of the Spanish Army in Mexico

Ignacio Allende Fernández (b. 1969), Spanish porn actor and producer

Isabel Allende (politician) (b. 1945), Chilean politician and daughter of Salvador Allende

Isabel Allende (b. 1942), Chilean writer

Jorge Allende  (b. 1934), Chilean biologist

Laura Allende (1911–1981), Chilean politician and sister of Salvador Allende

Leonor Allende (1883–1931), Argentine writer and journalist

Marcelo Allende (born 1999), Chilean footballer

Paula Frías Allende (1963–1992), daughter of the writer Isabel Allende

Salvador Allende (1908–1973), President of Chile

Tadeo Allende (born 1999), Argentine footballer

Walberto Allende (born 1955), Argentine politician

Ignacio Allende
Ignacio José de Allende y Unzaga (US: /ɑːˈjɛndeɪ, -di/, UK: /æˈ-, aɪˈɛn-/, Spanish: [iɣˈnasjo aˈʝende]; January 21, 1769 – June 26, 1811), commonly known as Ignacio Allende, was a captain of the Spanish Army in New Spain who came to sympathize with the Mexican independence movement. He attended the secret meetings organized by Josefa Ortiz de Domínguez, where the possibility of an independent Mexico was discussed. He fought along with  Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla in the first stage of the struggle, eventually succeeding him in leadership of the rebellion. Allende was captured by Spanish colonial authorities while he was in Coahuila and executed for treason in Chihuahua.
Edward S. Curtis
Edward Sheriff Curtis (February 19, 1868 – October 19, 1952; sometimes given as Edward Sherriff Curtis) was an American photographer and ethnologist whose work focused on the American West and Native American people. Sometimes referred to as the "Shadow Catcher", Curtis traveled the United States to document and record the dwindling ways of life of various native tribes through photographs and audio recordings.

Ethnology
Ethnology (from the Ancient Greek: ἔθνος, ethnos meaning 'nation') is an academic field and discipline that compares and analyzes the characteristics of different peoples and the relationships between them (compare cultural, social, or sociocultural anthropology).
Apertura 2022 Liga MX final phase
The Apertura 2022 Liga MX final phase was played between 8 October and 30 October 2022. A total of twelve teams competed in the final phase to decide the champions of the Apertura 2022 Liga MX season. For the fifth straight season, an additional qualifying round, the reclassification or repechaje, was employed, which expanded the number of playoff spots to twelve.

Both finalists qualified for the 2024 CONCACAF Champions Cup.

Due to the 2022 FIFA World Cup being held in November and December, the Apertura 2022 regular season and final phase began earlier than previous seasons. As a result, the final was held on 30 October 2022 and not in the middle of December.

Pachuca defeated Toluca 8–2 on aggregate to win their seventh league title. As winners, Pachuca faced UANL, the Clausura 2023 champions, in the 2023 Campeón de Campeones.

Romario Ibarra
Romario Andrés Ibarra Mina (born 24 September 1994) is an Ecuadorian professional footballer who plays for Ecuadorian Serie A club Vinotinto F.C. Ecuador and the Ecuador national team. He is the younger brother of Renato Ibarra.
1987 Ålandic legislative election
Legislative elections were held in Åland on 18 October 1987 to elect members of the Landstinget. The 30 members were elected for a four-year term by proportional representation.

Three new parties participated in the elections;  the conservative Non-aligned Coalition, the separatist Free Åland and the environmentalist Greens on Åland. After the next election in 1991, only the Non-Aligned Rally would still be active.

Following the elections, a change in the constitution provided for the establishment of a majority government. As a result, the Åland Centre, Liberals for Åland and Freeminded Co-operation parties formed a coalition government.

Liberals for Åland
The Liberals for Åland (Swedish: Liberalerna på Åland) is a liberal political party on the Åland Islands. The party is an observer member of the Liberal International. The current party leader is Katrin Sjögren.
No Say in It
"No Say in It" is a song recorded by the Australian synth-pop band Machinations. It was released in August 1984 as the lead single from the band's second studio album, Big Music. The song peaked at number 14 on the Australian Kent Music Report, becoming the band's first top 20 single. The song appeared in the film Ruthless People and was included on the soundtrack.

At the 1984 Countdown Music Awards, the song was nominated for Best Australian Single.

Ruthless People
Ruthless People is a 1986 American black comedy film directed by David Zucker, Jim Abrahams, and Jerry Zucker and written by Dale Launer. It stars Danny DeVito, Bette Midler, Judge Reinhold, Anita Morris, and Helen Slater, with Bill Pullman in a supporting role in his film debut. The film is the story of a couple who kidnap their ex-boss's wife to get revenge and extort money from him. They soon realize he does not want her back and was planning to kill her himself.  Meanwhile, the boss's mistress plans a blackmail attempt on him, which also fails to go as planned.

The film was a critical and commercial success. This was the last film released under the Touchstone Films label before Walt Disney Studios changed the name of the label to Touchstone Pictures as well as the last film directed by the Zucker, Abrahams and Zucker trio together.