hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Graeme Hammond
Graeme Monroe Hammond (February 1, 1858 – October 30, 1944) was an American neurologist and sportsman who advocated for physical exercise as treatment for nervous disorders. He served as an officer of the American Neurological Association for twenty years. Hammond was a competitive fencer who competed in the 1912 Olympics, helped found the Amateur Fencers League of America and served as president emeritus of the American Olympic Association.

American Neurological Association
The American Neurological Association (ANA) is a professional society of academic neurologists and neuroscientists devoted to the advancement of neurology through education and research. Founded in 1875, it is the oldest neurological society in the United States and serves as a leading forum for the presentation and discussion of scientific work in neurology. The ANA publishes the peer-reviewed journals Annals of Neurology and Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology. The ANA family of journals also includes the Annals of the Child Neurology Society.
Gižiemiai
Gižiemiai (formerly Russian: Гижемы, Polish: Giżemy) is a village in Kėdainiai district municipality, in Kaunas County, in central Lithuania. According to the 2011 census, the village was uninhabited. It is located 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) from Pernarava, by the Josvainiai-Ariogala road.

Giežiemiai village and folwark has been mentioned at the end of the 19the century. It was an okolica (a property of the Dautartai family) at the beginning of the 20th century.

Okolica szlachecka
In Poland and Lithuania okolica szlachecka (Lithuanian: akalyčia, akalica, bajorkaimis, Russian: околица, romanized: okolitsa) is a kind of estate village (neighbourhood of the nobility), or a complex of several villages of the same first part of the name and different second part. In the past, it was a single settlement, but later it has split, as the property has been divided into several inheritors. Such localities were usually inhabited by petty szlachta. They were common in the borderland of Mazovia and Podlachia in Poland and in central and north-west part of Lithuania. Many frequent toponymic (often noble) surnames are derived from their names.
Căile Ferate Române Line 600
Line 600 is one of CFR's main lines in Romania having a total length of 395 km (245 mi). The main line, connecting Făurei (on the line from Bucharest to Galați) with the Moldovan border near Ungheni, passes through Tecuci, Bârlad, Vaslui, and Iași.

Tecuci
Tecuci (Romanian pronunciation: [teˈkutʃʲ]) is a city in Galați County, Romania, in the historical region of Western Moldavia. It is situated among wooded hills, on the right bank of the Bârlad River, and at the junction of railways from Galați, Bârlad, and Mărășești.
Sam Toombs
Captain Samuel Toombs JP (26 March 1871 – 17 November 1949)  was a seaman and an Australian politician, elected as a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly representing the seat of Hurstville.

He was born in Plymouth, England as where he spent his childhood and school years. Samuel followed his father, Samuel Toombs Senior, with service in the Royal Navy in England.

Samuel Jr. migrated to Australia, arriving in New South Wales in 1891. He continued his military career with the Royal Australian Navy, where he attained the rank of Captain.

Toombs married Mary Jane Gorman in 1895 and together they had 2 daughters and 3 sons. Toombs remarried  Agnes Claire Donohue in 1944.

Toombs died at the age of 78 at Lansvale, a suburb of Sydney.

A strong workers advocate, Toombs assisted to found Merchant Service Guild (a precursor to the Australian Maritime Officers trade union).

Captain (Royal Navy)
Captain (Capt.) is a senior officer rank of the Royal Navy. It ranks above commander and below commodore and has a NATO ranking code of OF-5.  The rank is equivalent to a colonel in the British Army and Royal Marines, and to a group captain in the Royal Air Force.  There are similarly named equivalent ranks in the navies of many other countries.
European Centre for Press and Media Freedom
The European Centre for Press and Media Freedom (ECPMF) is a non-profit organisation that promotes, protects and defends the right to a free media and freedom of expression throughout Europe. It was founded in 2015 as a watchdog of the European Charter on Freedom of the Press. The vision of the European Centre for Press and Media Freedom is a society where media freedom enables open discourse and everyone can seek, receive and impart information. The main activities of the ECPMF are monitoring press and media freedom violations, advocacy and practical help for journalists, such as legal support and a "journalists-in-residence" programme, and engaging diverse stakeholders across Europe.

Federal Foreign Office
The Federal Foreign Office (German: Auswärtiges Amt, pronounced [ˈaʊsˌvɛʁtɪɡəs ˈʔamt] ⓘ; abbreviated AA) is the foreign ministry of the Federal Republic of Germany, a federal agency responsible for both the country's foreign policy and its relationship with the European Union. It is a cabinet-level ministry. Since May 2025, Johann Wadephul has served as Foreign Minister, succeeding Annalena Baerbock. The primary seat of the ministry is at the Werderscher Markt square in the Mitte district, the historic centre of Berlin.

The term Auswärtiges Amt was the name of the Foreign Office established in 1870 by the North German Confederation, which then became the German Empire's Foreign Office in 1871. It is still the name of the German foreign ministry today. From 1871 to 1919, the Foreign Office was led by a Foreign Secretary, and since 1919, it has been led by the Foreign Minister of Germany.
Hatti, Raichur
Hatti is a census town in Raichur district in the Indian state of Karnataka. This town is located near Lingsugur taluk, 20 km from Lingsugur. Hatti is famous for gold mining; the area surrounding the gold mines is incorporated as a separate town, the Hatti Gold Mines notified area council.

As of the 2011 Census of India, Hatti had a population of 16,278 across 2,759 households. There were 8,216 males (50.4%) and 8,062 females (49.6%). 10,066 (61%) of people were literate. 2,155 (13%) were under the age of 6.

Raichur district
Raichur district is an administrative district in the Indian state of Karnataka. It is located in the northeast part of the state and is bounded by Yadgir district in the north, Bijapur and Bagalkot district in the northwest, Koppal district in the west, Bellary district in the south, Jogulamba Gadwal district of Telangana and Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh in the east.
Honda CM125
The Honda CM125 is a parallel twin cylinder air-cooled OHC four-stroke cruiser motorcycle made by Honda from 1978 to 2002. It had a top speed of 65 mph (105 km/h). The CM125C engine combines the single carburettor of the squat Honda CD125 Benly motor with the tall cylinder head and five-speed, gearbox of the sportier Honda 125 Super Dream.

Sequential manual transmission
A sequential manual transmission, also known as a sequential gearbox or sequential transmission, is a type of non-synchronous manual transmission used mostly in motorcycles and racing cars. It produces faster shift times than traditional synchronized manual transmissions, and restricts the driver to selecting either the next or previous gear, in a successive order.
Subvariant
The term subvariant has at least two applications.

A mathematical term in invariant theory associated with the concept perpetuant.

In microbiology and virology, a subvariant is a subtype of a known variant of a microorganism.

Invariant theory
Invariant theory is a branch of abstract algebra dealing with actions of groups on algebraic varieties, such as vector spaces, from the point of view of their effect on functions. Classically, the theory dealt with the question of explicit description of polynomial functions that do not change (are invariant) under the transformations from a given linear group. For example, if we consider the action of the special linear group SLn on the space of n by n matrices by left multiplication, then the determinant is an invariant of this action because the determinant of A X equals the determinant of X, when  A is in SLn.
Gahoe-dong
Gahoe-dong (Korean: 가회동) is a dong (neighborhood) of Jongno District, Seoul, South Korea.

The area used to be an exclusive area for nobles, scholars, and homes of government officials hence it was well-maintained. Many of the hanok, Korean traditional houses, have been remodeled into cafe, restaurant and teahouses.

Jongno District
Jongno District (Korean: 종로구; RR: Jongno-gu) is one of the 25 districts of Seoul, South Korea. It is the historic center of Seoul that contains Gyeongbokgung, the main royal palace of the Joseon dynasty, and the Blue House, the former presidential residence. Jongno District has a high concentration of historical sites, many dating back to the Goryeo period. Places like Sungkyunkwan, Gyeongbokgung, Changdeokgung, and Dongdaemun are all located within the area of the district.
Vladimir Antonovich Kovalevsky
Vladimir Antonovich Kovalevsky (born 5 September 1927) is a Ukrainian-born German physicist. His research interests include digital geometry, digital topology, computer vision, image processing and pattern recognition.

Digital image processing
Digital image processing is the use of a digital computer to process digital images through an algorithm. As a subcategory or field of digital signal processing, digital image processing has many advantages over analog image processing. It allows a much wider range of algorithms to be applied to the input data and can avoid problems such as the build-up of noise and distortion during processing. Since images are defined over two dimensions (perhaps more), digital image processing may be modeled in the form of multidimensional systems. The generation and development of digital image processing are mainly affected by three factors: first, the development of computers; second, the development of mathematics (especially the creation and improvement of discrete mathematics theory); and third, the demand for a wide range of applications in environment, agriculture, military, industry and medical science has increased.
1993–94 Alabama–Huntsville Chargers men's ice hockey season
The 1993–94 Alabama–Huntsville Chargers men's ice hockey team represented the University of Alabama in Huntsville in the 1993–94 NCAA Division II men's hockey season.  The Chargers were led by Doug Ross, who was in his 12th season as head coach, and played their home games at the Von Braun Civic Center.

The Chargers finished the regular season with a 19–4–1 record, including a win over Division I Providence.  As the top-ranked team in Division II, UAH hosted the Division II Championship Series against Bemidji State.  UAH won the first game of the series 5–3, behind two goals from Junior Garry Symons.  Bemidji State won game 2, 2–1, setting up a 20-minute "mini-game" tiebreaker.  Tied at 1 after 20 minutes, Bemidji scored 15:48 into overtime to win the championship.  The final was attended by 6,451 at the VBCC, a record for a Division II event.

1994 NCAA Division II men's ice hockey tournament
The 1994 NCAA Men's Division II Ice Hockey Tournament involved 2 schools playing in a best of three game series to determine the national champion of men's NCAA Division II college ice hockey.  A total of 3 games were played, hosted by Alabama-Huntville.

Bemidji State, coached by Bob Peters, won the national title over Alabama-Huntsville, two games to one.

Bernie Adlys, of Bemidji State, was the high scorer of the tournament with four points (1 goal, 3 assists).
1980 German Open Championships
The 1980 German Open Championships was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at Am Rothenbaum in Hamburg, West Germany that was part of the Super Series of the 1980 Grand Prix circuit. It was the 72nd edition of the event and took place from 12 May until 18 May 1980. Second-seeded Harold Solomon won the singles title.

Am Rothenbaum
Am Rothenbaum is the site of the main tennis court of the German Open Tennis Championships, played in the Harvestehude quarter of Hamburg, Germany. Though the site is called "Tennisstadion am Rothenbaum" (lit. Tennis Stadium at the Rothenbaum), it is today officially located in the Harvestehude quarter of Hamburg.
Stainless Longganisa
Stainless Longganisa is a semi-autobiographical book written by Bob Ong, his fifth published work. Released in December 2005 by Visprint, it follows the style used in Bob Ong's first three publications: the use of contemporary Filipino language to express the author's views on Filipino culture. Unlike the first three books, however, it mainly deals with literature. According to the blurb, it focuses on [translated from the vernacular]: " ... stories by leaking pens about the importance of reading, reaching your dreams and the correct way of writing." As of 2011 (the year his ninth book, Lumayo Ka Nga Sa Akin, was released), Stainless Longganisa is currently his latest book written in a semi-autobiographical style.

Visprint
Visprint, Inc. was a Philippine publishing company engaged in the publication of local literature such as novels, comics and graphic novels. Notable works published under Visprint include Bob Ong's ABNKKBSNPLAko?!, Carlo Vergara's Zsazsa Zaturnnah, Budgette Tan and Kajo Baldisimo's Trese, and other works by Eliza Victoria, Mervin Malonzo, and Manix Abrera.

The company was named Publisher of the Year at the 34th Philippine National Book Awards in 2015, and won four National Book Awards that year.

In January 2019, the company announced that it planned to close in 2021.
Bill Hanley (rancher)
William D. Hanley (February 8, 1861 – September 15, 1935) was a pioneer rancher in Harney County in southeastern Oregon.  He owned several ranches between Burns, Oregon and Harney Lake.  Together, his properties comprised one of the largest privately owned cattle operations in the United States.  Hanley was also a progressive thinker and well known host.  Among his personal friends were leading political figures, fellow cattle barons, industrialist, writers, and artists including Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, William Jennings Bryan, Peter French, James J. Hill, CES Wood, and Will Rogers.  Hanley's progressive political views led him to run for Governor of Oregon and the United States Senate.  A strong advocate of wildlife conservation, much of his ranch is now part of the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge.

Malheur National Wildlife Refuge
Malheur National Wildlife Refuge is a National Wildlife Refuge located roughly 30 miles (48 km) south of the city of Burns in Oregon's Harney Basin. Administered by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, the refuge area is roughly T-shaped with the southernmost base at Frenchglen, the northeast section at Malheur Lake and the northwest section at Harney Lake.

The refuge was created in 1908 by order of President Theodore Roosevelt to protect habitat for diverse waterfowl and migratory birds, and grew to encompass 187,757 acres (760 km2; 293 sq mi) of public lands. A popular site for birding, fishing, hunting and hiking, the refuge gained widespread attention in early 2016 after its headquarters complex was occupied by armed anti-government protesters.
Mohamedia, Tunisia
Mohamedia is a town in Ben Arous Governorate, Tunisia. was governed by the joint municipality of Mohamedia before its becomes an independent municipality, it is also the seat of an eponymous governoral delegation.

Near the town are the ruins of  Megalopolis a Roman Era civitas (town) of  Roman Proconsulari.

Mohamedia was formerly known by the name of Ṭunbudha, and has been known by the current name of al-Muhammadiya since around the 11th century CE. The town grew up around the strategic Byzantine fortress of Tunbudha which, from its hilltop position, controlled the roads into Tunis and Carthage. Equipped with an Arab garrison soon after the Muslim conquest of Carthage by Hasan ibn al-Nu'man at the end of the 7th century, Tunbudha was the site of a rebellion in the 9th century. The local ruler, Mansur al-Tunbudhi, led the junds in revolt against the Aghlabid dynasty.

Aghlabid dynasty
The Aghlabid dynasty (Arabic: الأغالبة) was an Arab dynasty that ruled Ifriqiya from 800 to 909, nominally as vassals of the Abbasid Caliphate. During this time, they also conquered Sicily, Malta, parts of southern Italy, and possibly Sardinia. The dynasty originated from the tribe of Banu Tamim and was founded by Ibrahim ibn al-Aghlab, who was appointed by the Abbasid caliph in 800 to rule this province.

The Aghlabids adhered to the Mu'tazilite rationalist doctrine within Hanafi Sunni Islam, which they imposed as the state doctrine of Ifriqiya.: 57  They sponsored the construction of mosques and civic infrastructure, major examples of which have survived to the present day as some of the oldest Islamic-era monuments in the region. Their rule ended when they were conquered by the new power of the Fatimids in 909.
Valentine Tsamma Seane
Valentine Tsamma Seane  (born 2 November 1966) is the former bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Gaborone at the Christ the King Cathedral in Gaborone, Botswana. He is the second Motswana to be a bishop in Botswana.

Tswana people
The Batswana (Tswana: Batswana, singular Motswana) are a Bantu ethnic group native to Southern Africa. Ethnic Tswana made up approximately 85% of the population of Botswana in 2011.

Batswana inhabit south and eastern Botswana and the Gauteng, North West, Northern Cape, Free State, and other provinces of South Africa.
Suomalainen (surname)
Suomalainen is a Finnish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Aapeli Suomalainen (1866–1932), Finnish politician

Jacobus Finno (real name Jaakko Suomalainen; c. 1540–1588), Finnish priest and rector

Juho Suomalainen (1868–1941), Finnish politician

Kari Suomalainen (1920–1999), Finnish cartoonist

Paavo Suomalainen (1907–1976), Finnish zoologist and physiologist

Tuomo Suomalainen (1931–1988), Finnish architect

Olavi Suomalainen (born 1947), Finnish marathon runner

Roope Suomalainen (born 1973), Finnish sailor

Piia Suomalainen (born 1984), Finnish tennis player

Tuomo Suomalainen
Tuomo Oskari Suomalainen (29 November 1931 – 1 November 1988) was a Finnish architect born in Gogland. He worked very closely with his brother Timo Suomalainen who also was an architect. Most of the works they designed jointly.

Their most well known work is Temppeliaukio Church in Helsinki, which has become one of the most visited sites in Finland. Tuomo Suomalainen's last work was the chapel at Kellonummi cemetery in Espoo, this too, together with his brother. The chapel was inaugurated in 1993.
Odometer
An odometer or odograph is an instrument used for measuring the distance traveled by a vehicle, such as a bicycle or car. The device may be electronic, mechanical, or a combination of the two (electromechanical). The noun derives from ancient Greek ὁδόμετρον, hodómetron, from ὁδός, hodós ('path' or 'gateway') and μέτρον, métron ('measure'). Early forms of the odometer existed in the ancient Greco-Roman world as well as in ancient China. In countries using Imperial units or US customary units it is sometimes called a mileometer or milometer, the former name especially being prevalent in the United Kingdom and among members of the Commonwealth.

History of Song (book)
The History of Song or Song Shi (Chinese: 宋史; pinyin: Sòng Shǐ; Wade–Giles: Sung Shih) is one of the official Chinese historical works known as the Twenty-Four Histories of China that records the history of the Song dynasty (960–1279). It was commissioned in 1343 and compiled under the direction of First Minister Toqto'a and Prime Minister Alutu (traditional Chinese: 阿魯圖; simplified Chinese: 阿鲁图) during the Yuan dynasty (1271–1368) at the same time as the History of Liao and the History of Jin. Running to a total of 496 chapters, the History of Song includes biographies of the Song Emperors along with contemporary records and biographical sketches of Song dynasty politicians, soldiers and philosophers.
Towd Lang
Towd Lang (Persian: تودلنگ) is a village in Taftan-e Jonubi Rural District, Nukabad District, Khash County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 175, in 30 families.

Taftan-e Jonubi Rural District
Taftan-e Jonubi Rural District (Persian: دهستان تفتان جنوبي) is located in the Central District of Taftan County, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Tamandan. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Dejang-e Bala.
Japhet and Happy
Japhet and Happy was a British newspaper cartoon strip originally appeared as 'The Adventures of the Noah Family' initially in The Daily News during 1919 and transferred in 1930 to the News Chronicle. It was originated and drawn by J. F. Horrabin, James Francis Horrabin (1884–1962) who was a British journalist, cartoonist and cartographer, and he was elected Labour Member of Parliament for Peterborough from 1929 to 1931. He wrote Political books as well as the 'Dot and Carrie' strip for The Star that ran from 1922 to 1964.

News Chronicle
The News Chronicle was a British daily newspaper. Formed by the merger of The Daily News and the Daily Chronicle in 1930, it ceased publication on 17 October 1960, being absorbed into the Daily Mail. Its offices were at 12/22, Bouverie Street, off Fleet Street, London, EC4Y 8DP, England.
Unison (Usenet client)
Unison was a shareware Mac OS X client for Usenet, developed by Panic Software. It required access to a news server and supports binary file downloading (including NZB support), group browsing and segmenting and error checking utilities. The software won the Apple Design Award for Best Mac OS X User experience in 2004, as well as being a runner-up in the "Best product" category.

On 6 November 2014, Panic Software announced, with the release of version 2.2, that all further work on Unison had been discontinued. Unison is still available for download and no longer requires a purchased license; however, it is unsupported by Panic.

It was also a Usenet newsreader.

NZB
NZB is an XML-based file format for retrieving posts from NNTP (Usenet) servers. The format was conceived by the developers of the Newzbin.com Usenet Index. NZB is effective when used with search-capable websites. These websites create NZB files out of what is needed to be downloaded. Using this concept, headers would not be downloaded hence the NZB method is quicker and more bandwidth-efficient than traditional methods.

Each Usenet message has a unique identifier called the "Message-ID".  When a large file is posted to a Usenet newsgroup, it is usually divided into multiple messages (called segments or parts) each having its own Message-ID. An NZB-capable Usenet client will read all needed Message-IDs from the NZB file, download them and decode the messages back into a binary file (usually using yEnc or Uuencode).
Alexander Hamilton (Ceracchi)
Alexander Hamilton is a marble bust portrait of American Founding Father Alexander Hamilton, done in the style of a Roman Senator, by the Italian sculptor Giuseppe Ceracchi. Ceracchi also created many replicas, in both marble and plaster. The bust was later used as a model for several notable sculptures, paintings, and other works featuring Hamilton.

Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art
The Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art is an art museum located in Bentonville, Arkansas, which opened to the public on November 11, 2011, and was founded by Alice Walton.

The museum is situated on a site of approximately 120 to 134 acres of native Ozark forest and consists of eight interconnected pavilions designed by architect Moshe Safdie. Its collection focuses on American art across multiple periods and media, and is displayed in buildings integrated into the surrounding landscape. The institution operates with a permanent endowment, allowing it to offer free general admission to the public.