hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Natalie Angier
Natalie Angier (/ænˈdʒɪər/) (born February 16, 1958 in the Bronx, New York City) is an American nonfiction writer and a science journalist for The New York Times. Her awards include the Pulitzer Prize for Beat Reporting in 1991 and the AAAS Westinghouse Science Journalism Award in 1992.  She is also noted for her public identification as an atheist and received the Freedom from Religion Foundation's Emperor Has No Clothes Award in 2003.

The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (AHD) is a dictionary of American English published by HarperCollins. As of 2025 it is in its fifth edition.

Before HarperCollins acquired certain business lines from Houghton Mifflin Harcourt in 2022, the family of American Heritage dictionaries had long been published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt and its predecessor Houghton Mifflin. The first edition appeared in 1969, an outgrowth of the editorial effort for Houghton Mifflin's American Heritage brand of history books and journals. The dictionary's creation was spurred by the controversy during the 1960s over the perceived permissiveness of the Webster's Third New International Dictionary (1961). A college dictionary followed several years later.  The main dictionary became the flagship title as the brand grew into a family of various dictionaries, a dictionary-thesaurus combination, and a usage guide.
Hákonardrápa
Hákonardrápa ("drápa of Hákon") is the name of several skaldic poems.

Guthormr sindri's Hákonardrápa was composed in the 10th century in the honour of King Hákon the Good of Norway.

Other drápur, written later in the 10th century, praise the Norwegian jarl Hákon Sigurðarson. They were composed by Einarr skálaglamm, Hallfreðr vandræðaskáld, Tindr Hallkelsson and Þórleifr jarlsskáld Rauðfeldarson. Only one stanza and a few verses of Þórleifr's work on Hákon survived. The stanza (preserved in Snorri Sturluson's Óláfs saga Tryggvasonar) especially praises the jarl for having sent nine princes to Odin (i.e. killed).

The latest Hákonardrápur refer to the king of Norway Hákon Hákonarson (Hákon the Old). They were composed in the 13th century by Gizurr Þorvaldsson, Óláfr Þórðarson hvítaskáld and Óláfr Leggsson svartaskáld.

Óláfr Leggsson
Óláfr Leggsson (fl. 1231–1263) was a 13th-century Icelandic skald. He is usually referred to as Olafr Svartaskald (black skald) to distinguish him from his contemporary, Olafr Thordarson, "hvitaskald" (white skald).

Olafr is believed to have been the son of the Icelandic priest Leggr Torfason. He is mentioned in Sturlunga Saga as being involved with the killing of Snorri Sturluson's only legitimate son, Jon Murti. Very little of Olafr Leggson's poetry survives, but he is credited in Skaldatal as being King Hakon Hakonarson's court poet.
Sophora
Sophora is a genus of about 45 species of small trees and shrubs in the pea family Fabaceae. The species have a pantropical distribution. The generic name is derived from sophera, an Arabic name for a pea-flowered tree.

The genus formerly had a broader interpretation including many other species now treated in other genera, notably Styphnolobium (pagoda tree genus), which differs in lacking nitrogen fixing bacteria (rhizobia) on the roots, and Dermatophyllum (the mescalbeans). Styphnolobium has galactomannans as seed polysaccharide reserve, in contrast Sophora contains arabinogalactans, and Dermatophyllum amylose.

The New Zealand Sophora species are known as kōwhai.

The seeds of species such as Sophora affinis and Sophora chrysophylla are reported to be poisonous.

Rhizobia
Rhizobia are diazotrophic bacteria that fix nitrogen after becoming established inside the root nodules of legumes (Fabaceae). To express genes for nitrogen fixation, rhizobia require a plant host; they cannot independently fix nitrogen. In general, they are gram negative, motile, non-sporulating rods.

Rhizobia are a "group of soil bacteria that infect the roots of legumes to form root nodules". Rhizobia are found in the soil and, after infection, produce nodules in the legume where they fix nitrogen gas (N2) from the atmosphere, turning it into a more readily useful form of nitrogen: ammonia (NH3). From here, the nitrogen is exported from the nodules and used for growth in the legume. Once the legume dies, the nodule breaks down and releases the rhizobia back into the soil, where they can live individually or reinfect a new legume host.
Periungual wart
Periungual warts are warts that cluster around the fingernail or toenail.  They appear as thickened, fissured, cauliflower-like skin around the nail plate.  Periungual warts often cause loss of the cuticle and paronychia. Nail biting increases susceptibility to these warts.

Warts of this kind often cause damage to the nail either by lifting the nail from the skin or causing the nail to detach partially. If they extend under the nail, then the patient may suffer pain as a result. Sometimes periungual wart infections resemble the changes that are found in onychomycosis. In worst cases, if the infection causes injury or damage to the nail matrix, deformity in the nail may become permanent.

As with other wart types, several treatments are available, including laser therapy, cryotherapy, salicylic acid, and other topical treatments.

Laser medicine
Laser medicine is the use of lasers in medical diagnosis, treatments, or therapies, such as laser photodynamic therapy, photorejuvenation, and laser surgery.

The word laser stands for "light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation".
He who does not work, neither shall he eat
"He who does not work, neither shall he eat" is an aphorism from the New Testament traditionally attributed to Paul the Apostle. It was later cited by John Smith in the early 1600s colony of Jamestown, Virginia, and broadly by the international socialist movement, from the United States to the communist revolutionary Vladimir Lenin during the early 1900s Russian Revolution.

The Chan master Baizhang is also well-known for telling his monks a similar aphorism: "A day without work is a day without food" (Chinese: 一日不做一日不食; pinyin: yīrì bù zuò yīrì bù shí; lit. 'One day not work, one day not eat').

Aphorism
An aphorism (from Greek ἀφορισμός: aphorismos, denoting 'delimitation', 'distinction', and 'definition') is a concise, terse, laconic, or memorable expression of a general truth or principle. Aphorisms are often handed down by tradition from generation to generation.

The concept is generally distinct from those of an adage, brocard, chiasmus, epigram, maxim (legal or philosophical), principle, proverb, and saying; although some of these concepts could be construed as types of aphorism.

Often aphorisms are distinguished from other short sayings by the need for interpretation to make sense of them. In A Theory of the Aphorism, Andrew Hui defined an aphorism as "a short saying that requires interpretation".

A famous example is:

You cannot step into the same river twice.
Astrotricha latifolia
Astrotricha latifolia, known as the broad-leaf star-hair, is a species of flowering plant in the Family Araliaceae and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a large shrub with oblong to egg-shaped or elliptic leaves, and yellowish-green flowers.

Araliaceae
The Araliaceae are a family of flowering plants composed of about 43 genera and around 1500 species consisting of primarily woody plants and some herbaceous plants commonly called the ivy or ginseng family. The morphology of Araliaceae varies widely, but it is predominantly distinguishable based on its woody habit, tropical distribution, and the presence of simple umbels.

There are numerous plants of economic importance. Some genera, such as Hedera (the ivies), Fatsia (Japanese aralias) and Heptapleurum (formerly Schefflera, the umbrella trees), are used as ornamental foliage plants. The family also includes Panax ginseng, the root of which is ginseng, used in traditional Chinese medicine.
2010 Republic Cup final
The 2010 Republic Cup final took place on 18 July 2010 at the Anjalay Stadium in Mauritius. The match was contested by Pamplemousses SC and Petite Rivière Noire SC. The match was still goalless after extra-time and Pamplemousses SC won the final in the penalty shootout 6–5.

Anjalay Stadium
The Anjalay Stadium is a multi-use stadium in Belle Vue Harel, Pamplemousses District, Mauritius.  At present, it mostly hosts football matches. The parking area of the stadium is also used for car racing and motorcycle racing. The stadium can accommodate 16,000 spectators and was renovated in 2003 at a cost of $15 million.
Aslacton Parish Land
Aslacton Parish Land is a 4.4-hectare (11-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest west of Long Stratton in Norfolk, England.

This site has wet and dry unimproved meadows with a rich flora. Uncommon species include marsh arrowgrass, yellow rattle, fragrant orchid, common butterwort and adder's tongue. Snipe often breed there.

The site is private land with no public access.

Long Stratton
Long Stratton is a town and civil parish in Norfolk, England. It historically consisted of two villages; the larger, Stratton St. Mary, is to the south, and the other, Stratton St. Michael, is to the north. It had a population of 4,424 in the 2011 Census.
Ana Lucia Cortez
Ana Lucia Cortez is a fictional character on the ABC television series Lost, played by Michelle Rodriguez. Ana Lucia made her first appearance as a guest star in the first season finale, and became part of the main cast for season two. After Oceanic Flight 815 splits in mid-air, the tail section and fuselage crash on opposite sides of a mysterious island. Ana Lucia becomes the leader of the tail section. Flashbacks in her two centric episodes, "Collision" and "Two for the Road", show her life as a police officer before the crash. She is shot and killed by Michael Dawson.

Matthew Fox
Matthew Chandler Fox (born July 14, 1966) is an American actor. He is known for his roles as Charlie Salinger on Party of Five (1994–2000) and Jack Shephard on the drama series Lost (2004–2010), the latter of which earned him Golden Globe Award and Primetime Emmy Award nominations. Fox has also performed in feature films, including We Are Marshall (2006), Vantage Point (2008), Alex Cross (2012), Emperor (2012) and Bone Tomahawk (2015).
Results of the 2025 New Zealand territorial authority elections in Northland
Elections for the territorial authorities of New Zealand were held from 9 September until 11 October 2025 as part of that year's nation-wide local elections. 709 local councillors and 66 mayors were elected across 66 of 67 councils.

3 territorial authorities are located within the Northland Region, being the Far North District Council, Whangārei District Council, and Kaipara District Council. 3 mayors and 31 district councillors were elected.

Far North District Council
Far North District Council (Māori: Te Kaunihera o Te Hiku o te Ika) is the territorial authority for the Far North District of New Zealand.

The council is led by the mayor of Far North, who is currently Moko Tepania. There are also ten ward councillors.
Tom Jones (Edward German)
Tom Jones is a comic opera in three acts by Edward German founded upon Henry Fielding's 1749 novel, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, with a libretto by Robert Courtneidge and Alexander M. Thompson and lyrics by Charles H. Taylor.

After a run in Manchester, England, the opera opened in London at the Apollo Theatre on 17 April 1907 for an initial run of 110 performances. It starred Ruth Vincent as Sophia and Hayden Coffin as Tom Jones. The piece also had a provincial tour and a popular Broadway run in 1907. It then disappeared from the professional repertory but eventually became very popular with amateur groups.

Comic opera
Comic opera, sometimes known as light opera, is a sung dramatic work of a light or comic nature, usually with a happy ending and often including spoken dialogue.

Forms of comic opera first developed in late 17th-century Italy. By the 1730s, a new operatic genre, opera buffa, emerged as an alternative to opera seria. It quickly made its way to France, where it became opéra comique, and eventually, in the following century, French operetta, with Jacques Offenbach as its most accomplished practitioner.

The influence of Italian and French forms spread to other parts of Europe. Many countries developed their own genres of comic opera, incorporating the Italian and French models along with their own musical traditions. Examples include German singspiel, Viennese operetta, Spanish zarzuela, Russian comic opera, English ballad and Savoy opera, North American operetta and musical comedy.
Kimi ga Inai Mirai
"Kimi ga Inai Mirai" (君がいない未来; "A Future Without You") is Do As Infinity's 22nd single, released on January 20, 2010. Of the four songs on the single, only the title track is new - the remaining three are the previously released songs "Fukai Mori", "Shinjitsu no Uta" and "Rakuen". The four songs on the single were all used as theme songs to either the Inuyasha anime series or the animated film Inuyasha the Movie: Fire on the Mystic Island; the single was released as a commemoration of this. Four versions of the single were produced: a CD+DVD set in regular and first-print editions, and a CD-only release also in regular and first-print editions. A music video directed by Wataru Takeishi was produced for "Kimi ga Inai Mirai".

The lyrics of "Kimi ga Inai Mirai" include the song titles of the other three songs on the single.

Inuyasha the Movie: Fire on the Mystic Island
Inuyasha the Movie: Fire on the Mystic Island is a 2004 Japanese animated fantasy adventure film based on the Inuyasha manga series written and illustrated by Rumiko Takahashi. The film is directed by Toshiya Shinohara, written by Katsuyuki Sumisawa, and produced by Sunrise. It was released in Japan on December 23, 2004.

In the film, Inuyasha and his friends protect a group of half-demon children from four evil gods on an ancient mystical island.

Fire on the Mystic Island is the fourth and final film of the Inuyasha series, following Swords of an Honorable Ruler. After the film's release, the anime adaptation of the manga concluded with the final season for the anime series, Inuyasha: The Final Act.

Around the time of its release, the movie was accompanied by a Hamtaro feature, Hamtaro: Fairy Tale.
1954 Philadelphia Eagles season
The 1954 Philadelphia Eagles season was their 22nd in the league. They matched their previous output of 7–4–1. The team failed to qualify for the playoffs for the fifth consecutive season. This was the first season to feature the Eagle wings logo on the helmets.

1953 Philadelphia Eagles season
The 1953 Philadelphia Eagles season was their 21st in the league. The team improved on their previous output of 7–5, going 7–4–1. The team failed to qualify for the playoffs for the fourth consecutive season.
Staff gauge
A staff gauge or head gauge is calibrated scale which is used to provide a visual indication of liquid level.  When installed perpendicular to an inclined or sloped surface, a staff gauge is usually calibrated so that the indicated level is the true vertical level.

Staff gauges are commonly installed at stream gauging stations to indicate the water stage or water level.  They are also used to indicate the level (and hence flow rate) in open channel primary devices (flumes or weirs); see discharge (hydrology).

Water level
Water level, also known as gauge height or stage, is the elevation of the free surface of a sea, stream, lake or reservoir relative to a specified vertical datum.
Over long distances, neglecting external forcings (such as wind), water level tends to conform to an equigeopotential surface.
La Tamponnaise
La Tamponnaise is a football club from Le Tampon, Réunion Island, founded in 1982 as the result of the merger between S/S Tamponnaise (founded in 1922) and Stade Tamponnais (founded in 1971). In 2014 the club was renamed La Tamponnaise.

Le Tampon
Le Tampon (French pronunciation: [lə tɑ̃pɔ̃] ⓘ) is the fourth-largest commune in the French overseas department and region of Réunion. It is located on the south-central part of the island of Reunion, adjacent to Saint Pierre.
ACB Finals Most Valuable Player
ACB Finals Most Valuable Player is an award for the top-tier professional basketball league in Spain, the Spanish ACB League. The ACB first named a Finals Most Valuable Player after the 1990–91 ACB season. Since then, only five players have won the award more than once: Arvydas Sabonis (2 times), Juan Carlos Navarro (3 times), Felipe Reyes (2 times), Sergio Llull (2 times), and Facundo Campazzo (2 times). Historically, the MVP of the ACB Finals usually goes to the player on the winning team that has the highest Performance Index Rating stat over the course of the Finals series.

Performance index rating
The performance index rating (PIR) is a basketball mathematical statistical formula that is used by the EuroLeague Commercial Assets (ECA)'s first and second tier competitions, the EuroLeague and the EuroCup, as well as various European national domestic and regional leagues. It is a part of the Tendex basketball rating system. It is also variously referred to as performance index ranking, rating, ranking, evaluation, valuation, and efficiency. It is similar to, but not exactly the same as, the NBA's efficiency (EFF) stat.
Kusche
Kusche is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

August Kusche (1869 – 1934), German botanist and entomologist

Benno Kusche (1916–2010), German operatic baritone

Emily Kusche (born 2002), German actress

Larry Kusche (1940–2024), American author, research librarian and pilot

Maria Kusche (1928–2012), Spanish art historian of German descent

Larry Kusche
Lawrence David Kusche (November 1, 1940 — July 22, 2024) was an American author, research librarian, and pilot. He investigated unexplained disappearances and other unusual events related to the Bermuda Triangle to answer queries he was getting as a research librarian. He eventually wrote a book debunking most of the mysteries touted by other writers about that location.
Maria Korovina
Maria Korovina (Russian: Мари́я Ви́кторовна Коро́вина; born 1962) is a Russian mathematician, Professor, Dr. Sc., a professor at the Faculty of Computer Science at the Moscow State University.

She defended the thesis «Elliptic problems in spaces with asymptotics and their applications to the construction of self-adjoint extensions of the Laplace operator» for the degree of Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences (1992).

The author of the monograph «The theory of functional spaces and differential equations» (2007) and more than 70 scientific articles.

MSU Faculty of Computational Mathematics and Cybernetics
MSU Faculty of Computational Mathematics and Cybernetics (CMC) (Russian: Факультет вычислительной математики и кибернетики (ВМК)), founded in 1970 by Andrey Tikhonov, is a part of Moscow State University.
Marty Adelstein
Martin Bruce Adelstein is an American television producer. Before becoming a producer, he was a partner at the Endeavor Talent Agency, where he was one of the founding members. As of 2019, Adelstein is the CEO and founder of Tomorrow Studios, a joint venture between Adelstein and ITV Studios.

Endeavor Talent Agency
The Endeavor Talent Agency was a Beverly Hills–based talent agency founded by Ari Emanuel, Rick Rosen, Tom Strickler, and David Greenblatt. It was launched in March 1995 and went on to represent a wide variety of acclaimed film and television stars. In April 2009, Emanuel and Endeavor executive Patrick Whitesell orchestrated a merger with the William Morris Agency, resulting in William Morris Endeavor. William Morris Endeavor was renamed Endeavor in October 2017.
Chemical weapons and the United Kingdom
Chemical weapons were widely used by the United Kingdom in World War I. The use of poison gas was suggested by Winston Churchill and others in Mesopotamia during the interwar period, and also considered in World War II, although it appears that they were not actually used in these conflicts. While the UK was a signatory of the Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907 which outlawed the use of poison gas shells, the conventions omitted mention of deployment from cylinders.

The United Kingdom ratified the Geneva Protocol on 9 April 1930. The UK signed the Chemical Weapons Convention on 13 January 1993 and ratified it on 13 May 1996.

M. S. Factory, Valley
The M.S. (Ministry of Supply) Factory, Valley was a Second World War site in Rhydymwyn, Flintshire, Wales, that was used for the storage and production of mustard gas. It was later also used in the development of the UK's atomic bomb project. More recently, it became a bulk storage depot for emergency supplies.
Sarah Forbes Bonetta
Sarah Forbes Bonetta or Sally Forbes Bonetta (born Aina or Ina; c. 1843 – 15 August 1880) was ward and goddaughter of Queen Victoria. She was believed to have been a titled member of the Yewa clan of the Yoruba people in West Africa, who was orphaned during a war with the nearby Kingdom of Dahomey as a child, and was later enslaved by King Ghezo of Dahomey. She was given by Ghezo as a "gift" to Captain Frederick E. Forbes of the British Royal Navy and became a goddaughter of Queen Victoria. She married Captain James Pinson Labulo Davies, a wealthy Lagos philanthropist.

Oba (ruler)
Oba (Yoruba: ọba, lit. 'King') is a pre-nominal honorific for kings in Yorubaland, and by extension the Kingdom of Benin.

According to Yoruba mythology, the first oba was Oduduwa, the legendary progenitor of the Yoruba people. Many royal lineages claim descent from him, including that of the Ooni of Ife, Alaafin of Oyo, Awujale of Ijebuland, Oba of Benin, Olu of Warri and many others. Obas served as the spiritual, cultural, and sometimes political leaders of a town, city, or kingdom. In the present day Obas are highly respected figures who trace their lineage back to the earliest Yoruba kingdoms, particularly Ile-Ife, which is considered the spiritual and historical origin of the Yoruba. Although the Benin Kingdom is Edo and not located within Yorubaland, its Oba ruling dynasty traces its origin to Ile-Ife.

The title is distinct from that of Oloye in Yorubaland, which is itself used in like fashion by subordinate titleholders in the contemporary Yoruba chieftaincy system.
Shaun Balfe
Shaun David Balfe (born 4 June 1972) is a British racing car driver from Grantham who won the 2004 Spanish GT Championship. In 2006 he raced a Saleen S7R for Balfe Motorsport
in the FIA GT Championship He currently races in the British GT Championship in a McLaren 720S GT3 with Rob Bell in 2019. He finished third in the GT3 championship that year.

Spanish GT Championship
The Spanish GT Championship / Iber GT (Campeonato de España de GT / Iber GT) was a Spanish auto racing series founded in 1999 and organised by the GT Sport Organización.  The series runs multiple classes of grand tourer cars in events around Spain and Portugal.  The series later formed the basis for the International GT Open, a European-wide series which follows a similar structure.
CSD Flandria
Club Social y Deportivo Flandria is an Argentine football club based in the city of Jáuregui, Buenos Aires Province, which was founded by Julio Steverlynck. Although many sports are practised at the club, The Canary is best known for its professional football team. The squad currently plays in Primera B Metropolitana, the regionalised third division of the Argentine football league system.

Argentine football league system
The Argentine football league system include tournaments organised by the Argentine Football Association. Clubs affiliated to the body compete in the tournaments, which are split into categories or divisions.

Rules establish a system of promotion and relegation, a process where teams are transferred between two divisions based on their performance for the completed season. The best-ranked team or teams in the lower division are promoted to the higher division for the next season, and the worst-ranked team or teams in the higher division are relegated to the lower division for the next season.