hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Arfon Gwilym
Arfon Gwilym (born 1 September 1950) is a Welsh folksinger, ballad singer, publisher and musician, originally from Rhydymain, between Dolgellau and Bala in Gwynedd. He is also known as a language campaigner through his work over the years promoting plygain singing and cerdd dant.

He came to attention at an event in the Ruthin eisteddfod of 1973 called "Tafodau Tân", singing a selection of traditional songs about Marged ferch Ifan.

He was a reporter for the newspaper Y Cymro for more than ten years and has since settled in the area of Meifod and Llanfyllin in Powys.

Ruthin
Ruthin (/ˈrɪθɪn/ ⓘ RITH-in; Welsh: Rhuthun) is a market town and community in Denbighshire, Wales, in the south of the Vale of Clwyd. The town, castle and St Peter's Square lie on a hill, skirted by villages such as Pwllglas and Rhewl. The name comes from the Welsh rhudd ('red') and din ('fort'), after the colour of sandstone bedrock, from which the castle was built in 1277–1284. The Old Mill, Ruthin, is nearby. Maen Huail, a registered ancient monument associated with King Arthur and with Hueil mab Caw, the brother of the historian Gildas, stands in St Peter's Square.
Welsh Fencing
Welsh Fencing is the national governing body of fencing in Wales. In 2003 it had 34 affiliated clubs, with 260 adult and 559 junior members. Welsh Fencing organises competitions including the Welsh Open, and is responsible for the selection and management of the Wales representative squad, who compete in the Winton Cup and the Commonwealth Games. At the European and World Championships Welsh fencers represent Great Britain, if selected.

Welsh Fencing is based in Canton, Cardiff.

Canton, Cardiff
Canton (Welsh: Treganna) is an inner-city district and community in the west of Cardiff, capital of Wales, lying 2 miles (3.2 km) west of the city's civic centre. It is located adjacent to Pontcanna. Canton is one of the most ethnically diverse of Cardiff's suburbs, with a significant Pakistani and Indian population. The total population of Canton increased to 16,138 at the 2021 census. It is also the most Welsh-speaking ward in Cardiff, with 24% of the population aged three years old and over being able to speak Welsh.
Pataudi State
Pataudi State was a small princely state in India, established in 1804 by the East India Company rule in India.

The state formed a part of the Delhi Territory in the Ceded and Conquered Provinces. It was under the suzerainty of the Commissioner of Delhi. It had an area of 52 square miles and included one town, Pataudi, and 40 villages, ruled by the Pataudi family.

Company rule in India
Company rule in India (sometimes also Company Raj, from Hindi rāj, lit. 'rule') was the rule of the British East India Company on the Indian subcontinent. This is variously taken to have commenced in 1757, after the Battle of Plassey, when the Nawab of Bengal Siraj ud-Daulah was defeated and replaced with Mir Jafar, who had the support of the East India Company; or in 1765, when the Company was granted the diwani, or the right to collect revenue, in Bengal and Bihar; or in 1773, when the Company abolished local rule (Nizamat) in Bengal and established a capital in Calcutta, appointed its first Governor-General of Fort William, Warren Hastings, and became directly involved in governance.

The Company's rule lasted until 1858, when, after the Indian Rebellion of 1857 and the Government of India Act 1858, the India Office of the British government assumed the task of directly administering India in the new British Raj.
Li Zhensheng (geneticist)
Li Zhensheng (Chinese: 李振声; pinyin: Lǐ Zhènshēng; born February 25, 1931) is a Chinese geneticist who specializes in the genetics of wheat. He is an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and was awarded the Highest Science and Technology Award in 2006. Li was bestowed the Medal of the Republic, the highest honorary medal of the People's Republic of China, in September 2024.

Medal of the Republic
The Medal of the Republic is the highest honorary medal of the People's Republic of China. The bestowal is decided by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress and presented by the President of China. According to law, this medal is bestowed on "outstanding individuals who have made great contributions and established outstanding merits in the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics and defense of the country."

On 27 December 2015, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress passed a law establishing three national orders of merit: the Medal of the Republic, the National Honorary Titles, and the Friendship Medal, effective on 1 January 2016.
Hodges' estimator
In statistics, Hodges' estimator (or the Hodges–Le Cam estimator), named for Joseph Hodges, is a famous counterexample demonstrating the existence of an estimator which is "superefficient", i.e. it attains smaller asymptotic variance than regular efficient estimators. The existence of such a counterexample is the reason for the introduction of the notion of regular estimators.

Hodges' estimator improves upon a regular estimator at a single point. In general, any superefficient estimator may surpass a regular estimator at most on a set of Lebesgue measure zero.

Although Hodges discovered the estimator he never published it; the first publication was in the doctoral thesis of Lucien Le Cam.

Asymptotic distribution
In mathematics and statistics, an asymptotic distribution is a probability distribution that is in a sense the limiting distribution of a sequence of distributions. One of the main uses of the idea of an asymptotic distribution is in providing approximations to the cumulative distribution functions of statistical estimators.
Photo-erosion
Photo-erosion is the dispersion of the outer layers of a prestellar core by the ionizing radiation of a nearby O-type or B-type star.

This erosion prevents the accretion of these outer layers around the protostar at the centre of the core; and this, in turn, prevents the protostar from becoming a fully fledged star. The protostar instead becomes a brown dwarf or planetary-mass object.

Star formation
Star formation is the process by which dense regions within molecular clouds in interstellar space—sometimes referred to as "stellar nurseries" or "star-forming regions"—collapse and form stars. As a branch of astronomy, star formation includes the study of the interstellar medium (ISM) and giant molecular clouds (GMC) as precursors to the star formation process, and the study of protostars and young stellar objects as its immediate products.  It is closely related to planet formation, another branch of astronomy.  Star formation theory, as well as accounting for the formation of a single star, must also account for the statistics of binary stars and the initial mass function. Most stars do not form in isolation but as part of a group of stars referred to as star clusters or stellar associations.
Lebu, Chile
Lebu [ˈleβu] is a port city and commune in central Chile administered by the  Municipality of Lebu. Lebu is also the capital of Arauco Province in Bío Bío Region. It lies on the south bank of the mouth of the Lebu River.

The commune includes Mocha Island. It is the closest continental town from Easter Island, 3,520 km away.

Biobío Region
The Biobío Region (Spanish: Región del Biobío [ˌbi.oˈβi.o]) is one of Chile's sixteen regions (first-order administrative divisions). With a population of 1.5 million, thus being the third most populated region in Chile, it is divided into three provinces: Arauco, Biobío and Concepción. The latter contains its capital and largest city, Concepción, a major city and metro area in the country. Los Ángeles, capital of the Biobío Province, is another important city in the region.
John Foster (Dunleer MP)
John Foster (1770 – April 1792), styled The Honourable, was an Anglo-Irish politician.

Foster was the son of John Foster, 1st Baron Oriel and Margaretta, Viscountess Ferrard. He was educated at Eton College and Trinity College, Cambridge. Foster served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Dunleer in the Irish House of Commons between 1790 and his early death in 1792. His brother Thomas Henry Foster succeeded him as MP.

Irish House of Commons
The Irish House of Commons (Irish: Teach na gComóntach, Teach na dTeachtaí) was the lower house of the Parliament of Ireland that existed from 1297 until the end of 1800. The upper house was the House of Lords. The membership of the House of Commons was directly elected, but on a highly restrictive franchise, similar to the unreformed House of Commons in contemporary Great Britain. Catholics were disqualified from sitting in the Irish parliament from 1691, even though they comprised the vast majority of the Irish population.

The Irish executive, known as the Dublin Castle administration, under the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, was not answerable to the House of Commons but to the British government. However, the Chief Secretary for Ireland was usually a member of the Irish parliament. In the Commons, business was presided over by the Speaker.

From 1 January 1801, it ceased to exist and was succeeded by the House of Commons of the United Kingdom.
Sagina Mahato
Sagina Mahato is a 1970 Indian Bengali-language political action drama film produced by Shri J. K. Kapur and directed by Tapan Sinha. The film stars Dilip Kumar and Saira Banu, two acting giants of Indian cinema. The film is based on the true story of the labour movement of 1942–43, told through with fictional characters created by Gour Kishore Ghosh in his short story of the same name, and the mock trial of Sagina Mahato, the trade union leader of a factory in Siliguri. It was entered into the 7th Moscow International Film Festival. The film was shot on locations in Kurseong, near Darjeeling. A diamond-jubilee hit, it created box-office records in Bengal. The film was remade as a Hindi film titled Sagina in 1974, by Sinha with the same leads, produced by the same producers team J.K. Kapur and Hemen Ganguly, though this version wasn't commercially successful. Film music composed by playback singer Anup Ghoshal.

Siliguri
Siliguri (/sɪˈliˌɡʊri/, Bengali pronunciation: [ʃiliɡuɽi];  ⓘ), also known as Shiliguri, is a major tier-II city in West Bengal. It forms the Twin Cities with the neighbouring city of Jalpaiguri. The city spans areas of the Darjeeling and Jalpaiguri districts in the Indian state of West Bengal. Known as the "Gateway of Northeast India", It is located on the banks of the Mahananda in the foothills of the Himalayas. Siliguri is the third largest urban agglomeration in West Bengal, after Kolkata and Asansol.

Siliguri has great strategic importance in West Bengal, with convenient access to three international borders: Nepal, Bangladesh and Bhutan. It also connects the North-East with mainland India. Located in the foothills of Eastern Himalayas, Siliguri is a significant trading and transportation hub.
Marquis of Porto Seguro
Marquis of Porto Seguro (in Portuguese Marquês de Porto Seguro) was a Portuguese title of nobility created by a royal decree of king Philip III of Portugal (aka Philipe IV of Spain) dated from 8 April 1627, and granted to D. Afonso of Lencastre, 2nd son of Álvaro of Lencastre, 3rd Duke of Aveiro.

Afonso always supported the Habsburg kings and even after the Portuguese revolution of 1 December 1640, he remained faithful to the Spanish Dynasty.

Later, by a decree issued on 23 March 1642, King Philip granted him the titles of Duke of Abrantes and Marquis of Sardoal. However, as Philip IV was no longer King of Portugal, they were never recognise by the Portuguese authorities.

Don (honorific)
The terms Don (in Spanish and Italian), Dom (in Portuguese), and Domn (in Romanian), are honorific prefixes derived from the Latin Dominus, meaning "lord" or "owner". The honorific is commonly used in Spain, Portugal, and Italy, as well as in the Spanish-speaking world and Portuguese-speaking world, as well as some other places formerly colonized by Spain or Portugal. The feminine equivalents are Doña (Spanish: [ˈdoɲa]), Donna (Italian: [ˈdɔnna]), Doamnă (Romanian) and Dona (Portuguese: [ˈdonɐ]), meaning "lady".

The term is derived from the Latin dominus: a master of a household, a title with background from the Roman Republic in classical antiquity. With the abbreviated form having emerged as such in the Middle Ages, traditionally it is reserved for Catholic clergy and nobles, in addition to certain educational authorities and persons of high distinction.
Hawarden, New Zealand
Hawarden is a small town in the Canterbury region of New Zealand's South Island.  It is located near Waikari, just off State Highway 7.

From 15 December 1884 until 15 January 1978, the town was served by the Waiau Branch, a branch line railway that at one stage was planned to become the Main North Line to Nelson and Blenheim. The Weka Pass Railway restoration project once had plans to retain the line through Hawarden, but later chose to terminate their line in Waikari. Some relics of the old railway line still remain at the site of Hawarden's railway station.

The town is home to the Flaxmere Gardens and is located in a scenic area near the Lake Sumner Forest Park, with a number of other lakes also in the vicinity.

State Highway 7 (New Zealand)
State Highway 7 is a major New Zealand state highway. One of the eight national highways, it crosses the Southern Alps to link the West Coast Region with Canterbury and to form a link between the South Island's two longest highways, State Highway 1 and State Highway 6. Distances are measured from east to west with the major junction list going from east to west.

For most of its length SH 7 is a two-lane single carriageway, with at-grade intersections and property accesses, both in rural and urban areas. There are a number of passing lanes at irregular intervals through the rural sections. The New Zealand Transport Agency classifies SH 7 as a primary collector highway, preferring State Highway 73 via Arthur's Pass as the strategic highway between Canterbury and the West Coast.
Queen Elizabeth II Law Courts, Liverpool
The Queen Elizabeth II Law Courts, in Derby Square, Liverpool, are operated by His Majesty's Courts and Tribunals Service. The building is used by the Crown Court, the Magistrates' Court, Liverpool District Probate Registry and the Liverpool Youth Court.

HM Courts and Tribunals Service
His Majesty's Courts and Tribunals Service (commonly HM Courts and Tribunals Service or HMCTS) is an executive agency of the Ministry of Justice.  It was created on 1 April 2011 (as Her Majesty's Courts and Tribunals Service) by the merger of Her Majesty's Courts Service and the Tribunals Service.

The agency is responsible for the administration of the courts of England and Wales, the Probate Service and tribunals in England and Wales and non-devolved tribunals in Scotland and Northern Ireland. It works from about 600 locations across the United Kingdom.
Kuih kosui
Kuih kosui, also known as kuih lompang (Jawi: کوءيه لومڤڠ‎), is a traditional Malaysian cake. The kuih is a steamed rice cake made with tapioca flour and rice flour flavoured with palm sugar and pandan, and eaten with grated coconut. It bears resemblance to the Burmese mont kywe the and Filipino kutsinta.

Pandanus tectorius
Pandanus tectorius is a species of Pandanus (screwpine) that is native to Malesia, Papuasia, eastern Australia, and the Pacific Islands. It grows in the coastal lowlands typically near the edge of the ocean. Common names in English include thatch screwpine, Tahitian screwpine, hala tree (pū hala in Hawaiian) and pandanus. The fruit is edible and sometimes known as hala fruit.
Phil Dowsett
Philip Colin Dowsett (born 4 March 1951) is a British retired racing driver. He initially competed in Formula Ford, Formula Three and Formula Atlantic in the 1970s, finishing as runner-up in the 1979 and 1980 National Formula Atlantic Championships. He competed regularly in the British Touring Car Championship during the 1980s in a Toyota Corolla GT. In 1988 and 1989, he won consecutive class D (up to 1600cc) titles, becoming the last driver to win that class. He finished as runner-up in the championship overall in 1988, five points behind champion Frank Sytner. He is the father of racing cyclist Alex Dowsett.

Formula Three
Formula Three (F3) is a third-tier class of open-wheel formula racing. The various championships held in Europe, Australia, South America and Asia form an important step for many prospective Formula One drivers.
Th. Sørensen Land
Th. Sørensen Land is an area in King Christian X Land, Eastern Greenland, part of the inner Scoresby Sound system. Administratively it lies in the Northeast Greenland National Park zone. The area is remote and uninhabited.

Th. Sørensen Land was named during the 1971 Northern Universities expedition after Danish botanist Thorvald Sørensen (1902–1973) who published the botanical research of the Three-year Expedition to East Greenland.

Scoresby Sound
Scoresby Sound  (Danish: Scoresby Sund, Greenlandic: Kangertittivaq) is a large fjord system of the Greenland Sea on the eastern coast of Greenland. It has a tree-like structure, with a main body approximately 110 km (68 mi) long that branches into a system of fjords covering an area of about 38,000 km2 (14,700 sq mi). The longest of the fjords extends 340–350 km (210–220 mi) inland from the coastline. The depth is 400–600 m (1,300–2,000 ft) in the main basin, but depths increase to up to 1,450 m (4,760 ft) in some fjords. It is one of the largest and longest fjord systems in the world.

The name of the sound honours English explorer William Scoresby, who in 1822 mapped the fjord area in detail. The name “Sound” comes from the Scandinavian word “Sund”  for “strait”, which is commonly used to describe narrow waterways between landmasses.
2008 Banka Koper Slovenia Open – Doubles
Lucie Hradecká and Renata Voráčová were the defending champions, but Voráčová chose not to participate, and only Hradecká competed that year. Hradecká partnered up with Andreja Klepač, but they lost in the quarterfinals to Vera Dushevina and Ekaterina Makarova.

Anabel Medina Garrigues and Virginia Ruano Pascual won the tournament, defeating Dushevina and Makarova in the final, 6–4, 6–1.

Virginia Ruano Pascual
Virginia Ruano Pascual (Spanish pronunciation: [biɾˈxinja ˈrwano pasˈkwal]; born 21 September 1973) is a Spanish former professional tennis player. She had moderate success in singles, winning three WTA Tour titles as well as reaching two major quarterfinals and a top-30 ranking, but she had been far more successful in doubles.

She won 43 career doubles titles, including eleven at Grand Slam tournaments: ten in women's doubles (eight partnering Paola Suárez, and two partnering Anabel Medina Garrigues) and one in mixed doubles (partnering Tomás Carbonell). Between 2002 and 2004, along with Suárez, she reached nine consecutive Grand Slam tournament finals (won five) and they reached at least the semifinals of the last twelve Grand Slam tournaments they played. Their winning run came to an end when they lost in the 2009 Wimbledon semifinals. Alongside Suarez, the pair was named as a ITF World Champions for the three consecutive years in a row (2002-2004).
State Housing Construction Agency (Azerbaijan)
SHCA under President of Azerbaijan (in Azerbaijani: MIDA - Mənzil İnşaatı Dövlət Agentliyi) is a central executive authority that established to effectively utilize the funds allocated for the construction of multistory residential buildings, and provide the low and middle income citizens and young families of the Republic of Azerbaijan with preferential housing. It also implements state policy and regulation in urban planning, design and architecture. Samir Nuriyev is the head of the agency.

Samir Nuriyev
Samir Rafig ogly Nuriyev (Azerbaijani: Samir Rafiq oğlu Nuriyev) is an Azerbaijani politician who is the head of presidential administration (since 2019), was the chair of State Committee for City Building and Architecture (2018–2019), and the chair of the board of the State Housing Development Agency (2018), served as the chief of the Icherisheher State Historical-Architectural Reserve Department (2013–2016).
Azania Stewart
Azania Stewart (born 13 March 1989 in Camden, England) is a basketball player for Great Britain women's national basketball team. She was part of the squad for the 2012 Summer Olympics.

On 16 July 2013, the 6-foot-4-inch (193 cm) tall centre signed to play with the Adelaide Lightning who play in the Australian Women's National Basketball League (WNBL).

On 27 August 2017, her boyfriend, American football player Menelik Watson, proposed to her during a pre-season game, which she accepted.

Menelik Watson
Menelik Watson (born 22 December 1988) is an English former professional American football offensive tackle. He was selected by the Oakland Raiders in the second round of the 2013 NFL draft. He played college football for the Florida State Seminoles.
Gurbanmyrat Ataýew
Gurbanmyrat (Amandurdyýewiç) Ataýew (born 1965) has served as the Oil and Gas Minister in the Government of Turkmenistan since Turkmenbashi Saparmurat Niyazov appointed him on 16 December 2005. Ataýew replaced Atamurad Berdyev, who became the Minister of Economy and Finance.

When Niyazov appointed him on state-owned television, he told Ataýew, "Learn English. In six months, you must have learned it."

In 2007, Ataýew was made minister of Mineral Resources in addition to his previous responsibilities, for a probation period of six months.

Politics of Turkmenistan
The politics of Turkmenistan nominally takes place in the framework of a presidential republic, whereby the President of Turkmenistan is nominally both head of state and head of government. However, as of 21 January 2023 a "national leader" was appointed who chairs an independent People's Council (viz.) with authority to amend the constitution, and who exercises supreme political authority. No true opposition parties are allowed; every registered political party supports the third and current President Serdar Berdimuhamedow. The country is frequently described as a totalitarian state.
1094 Siberia
1094 Siberia (prov. designation: 1926 CB) is an Eunomian asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt. It was discovered on 12 February 1926, by Soviet astronomer Sergey Belyavsky at the Simeiz Observatory on the Crimean peninsula. The X-type asteroid (Xk) has a rotation period of 21.2 hours and measures approximately 18 kilometers (11 miles) in diameter. It was named after the vast region of Siberia in North Asia.

Simeiz Observatory
Simeiz Observatory (also spelled Simeis or Simeïs) was an astronomy research observatory until the mid-1950s. It is located on Mount Koshka, Crimea, by the town of Simeiz.

Part of the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory, it is currently used for laser based studies of the orbits of satellites.

The Minor Planet Center (MPC) credits Simeiz Observatory as the location where a total of 150 minor planets were discovered by astronomers Grigory Neujmin, Sergey Belyavsky, Vladimir Albitsky, Grigory Shajn, Nikolaj Ivanov, Pelageya Shajn, Praskov'ja Parchomenko, Alexander Deutsch and Evgenij Skvorcov.

As of 2017, the discovery of the minor planet 369010 Ira is directly credited to Simeiz Observatory by the MPC.