hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
East Argentine Railway
The East Argentine  Railway (EA) (in Spanish: Ferrocarril Este Argentino) was a British-owned railway company, founded in 1871, that operated a 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge railway network in the Entre Ríos and Corrientes provinces of Argentina. Financial problems forced the sale of the company to another British-owned company, the Argentine North Eastern Railway (ANER) in 1907.

Entre Ríos Province
Entre Ríos (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈentɾe ˈri.os], 'Between Rivers') is a central province of Argentina, located in the Mesopotamia region. It borders the provinces of Buenos Aires (south), Corrientes (north) and Santa Fe (west), and Uruguay in the east.

Its capital is Paraná (391,000 inhabitants), which lies on the Paraná River, opposite the city of Santa Fe.

Together with Córdoba and Santa Fe, since 1999, the province is part of the economic-political association known as the Center Region.
David Thomson (footballer, born 1892)
David Thomson (1892 – c. 1950) was a Scottish footballer who played as a left back for Dundee and Scotland. He played in the 1925 Scottish Cup Final which Dundee lost to Celtic.

Known as 'Napper', he received a benefit match against Aberdeen in 1926, and is a posthumous inductee of the Dundee Hall of Fame since 2018.

1925 Scottish Cup final
The 1925 Scottish Cup Final was the 47th final of the Scottish Cup. The match took place at Hampden Park in Glasgow on 11 April 1925. The match was contested by Celtic and Dundee, with Celtic winning 2–1 for their eleventh success in the tournament and seeing them overtake Queens Park as the most successful club in the cup. The game is best remembered for Patsy Gallacher's equalising goal for Celtic, where he somersaulted over the goalkeeper into the goal with the ball between his feet.
Diospyros discocalyx
Diospyros discocalyx is a large tree in the family Ebenaceae. It grows up to 50 metres (160 ft) tall, with a trunk diameter up to 1 metre (3 ft). The bark is black. Inflorescences bear three or more flowers. The fruits are round, up to 7.5 cm (3 in) in diameter. The specific epithet discocalyx is from the Latin meaning 'disc-shaped calyx'. Habitat is lowland mixed dipterocarp forests, but sometimes found up to 1,600 metres (5,200 ft) altitude. D. discocalyx is endemic to Borneo.

Ebenaceae
The Ebenaceae are a family of flowering plants belonging to order Ericales. The family includes ebony and persimmon among about 768 species of trees and shrubs. It is distributed across the tropical and warmer temperate regions of the world. It is most diverse in the rainforests of Malesia, India, Thailand, tropical Africa and tropical America.

Many species are valued for their wood, particularly ebony, for fruit, and as ornamental plants.
Maritime pine bark extract
Maritime pine bark extract is an extract from the bark of Pinus pinaster which is used as a dietary supplement. It is composed mostly of proanthocyanidins. Pycnogenol is a trademarked name for a standardized preparation that contains 70% procyanidins.

Meta analyses of the scientific studies of maritime pine bark extract have concluded that there is insufficient evidence to support its use for the treatment of any disease.

Meta-analysis
Meta-analysis is a method of synthesis of quantitative data from multiple independent studies addressing a common research question. An important part of this method involves computing a combined effect size across all of the studies. As such, this statistical approach involves extracting effect sizes and variance measures from various studies. By combining these effect sizes the statistical power is improved and can resolve uncertainties or discrepancies found in individual studies. Meta-analyses are integral in supporting research grant proposals, shaping treatment guidelines, and influencing health policies. They are also pivotal in summarizing existing research to guide future studies, thereby cementing their role as a fundamental methodology in metascience. Meta-analyses are often, but not always, important components of a systematic review.
Félix Bonnat
Félix Bonnat (23 April 1921 – 16 May 2013) was a French bobsledder who competed in the late 1940s. He finished 13th in the four-man event at the 1948 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz. During World War II, he was imprisoned in both the Natzweiler-Struthof and Dachau concentration camps.

St. Moritz
St. Moritz is a high Alpine resort town in the Engadine in Switzerland, at an elevation of about 1,800 metres (5,910 ft) above sea level. It is Upper Engadine's major town and a municipality in the administrative region of Maloja in the Swiss canton of the Grisons.

St. Moritz lies on the southern slopes of the Albula Alps below the Piz Nair (3,056 m or 10,026 ft) overlooking the flat and wide glaciated valley of the Upper Engadine and Lake St. Moritz. It hosted the Winter Olympics in 1928 and 1948.
Adaptive heap sort
In computer science, adaptive heap sort is a comparison-based sorting algorithm of the adaptive sort family. It is a variant of heap sort that performs better when the data contains existing order. Published by Christos Levcopoulos and Ola Petersson in 1992, the algorithm utilizes a new measure of presortedness, Osc,  as the number of oscillations. Instead of putting all the data into the heap as the traditional heap sort did, adaptive heap sort only takes part of the data into the heap so that the run time will reduce significantly when the presortedness of the data is high.

Cartesian tree
In computer science, a Cartesian tree is a binary tree derived from a sequence of distinct numbers. To construct the Cartesian tree, set its root to be the minimum number in the sequence, and recursively construct its left and right subtrees from the subsequences before and after this number. It is uniquely defined  as a min-heap whose symmetric (in-order) traversal returns the original sequence.

Cartesian trees were introduced by Vuillemin (1980) in the context of geometric range searching data structures. They have also been used in the definition of the treap and randomized binary search tree data structures for binary search problems, in comparison sort algorithms that perform efficiently on nearly-sorted inputs, and as the basis for pattern matching algorithms. A Cartesian tree for a sequence can be constructed in linear time.
Eva Gallardo
Eva Antonia Gallardo-Gutiérrez (born 1973) is a Spanish mathematician specializing in operator theory. She is a professor of mathematics at the Complutense University of Madrid, deputy director of the Institute of Mathematical Sciences (Spain), and past-president of the Royal Spanish Mathematical Society from 2022 until 2025.

Gallardo completed her Ph.D. at the University of Seville in 2000. Her dissertation, Ciclicidad de operadores: Teoría espectral, was supervised by Alfonso Montes-Rodríguez. With Montes-Rodríguez, she is a coauthor of a research monograph, The Role of the Spectrum in the Cyclic Behavior of Composition Operators (American Mathematical Society, 2004).

Operator theory
In mathematics, operator theory is the study of linear operators on function spaces, beginning with differential operators and integral operators. The operators may be presented abstractly by their characteristics, such as bounded linear operators or closed operators, and consideration may be given to nonlinear operators. The study, which depends heavily on the topology of function spaces, is a branch of functional analysis.

If a collection of operators forms an algebra over a field, then it is an operator algebra. The description of operator algebras is part of operator theory.
Pierre Lamarche
Pierre Lamarche (born January 2, 1947) is a Canadian former tennis player and coach.

Raised in Montreal, Quebec, Lamarche played collegiate tennis in the United States for Mississippi State University and was known for having a fiery on court persona. He made a solitary Davis Cup appearance for Canada in 1974, featuring in the doubles rubber of a tie against Mexico in his home province, which he and Réjean Genois lost to Raúl Ramírez and Vicente Zarazúa. From 1991 to 1996 he served as the team's non playing captain and steered the Canadians into the World Group for the first time. He founded tennis academy Ace Tennis in Burlington, Ontario and in 2004 was inducted into the Tennis Canada Hall of Fame for his contributions as a coach.

Vicente Zarazúa
Vicente Zarazúa (August 27, 1944 – November 14, 2025) was a Mexican tennis player. He played during the 1960s and 70s, and his best achievement was winning gold medals at the demonstration and exhibition tennis tournaments at the 1968 Summer Olympics.
EngineeringUK
EngineeringUK is an independent, not-for-profit organization. The engineering and technology sectors in the UK need a stronger, more representative workforce. EngineeringUK with a mission to drive change so more young people choose engineering and technology careers. They work with hundreds of organisations across business, education, government and the engineering community so they can grow the future talent pool. EngineeringUK's purpose is to drive change so more young people choose engineering and technology careers.

Previously known as the Engineering and Technology Board (ETB), EngineeringUK was founded on 14 February 2001. EngineeringUK are part of the National Engineering Policy Centre.

Not-for-profit organization
A not-for-profit organisation (NFPO) is a legal entity that does not distribute surplus funds to its members and is formed to fulfill specific objectives.

While not-for-profit organizations and nonprofit organizations (NPO) are distinct legal entities, the terms are sometimes used interchangeably. An NFPO must be differentiated from a NPO as they are not formed explicitly for the public good as an NPO must be, and NFPOs are considered "recreational organizations", meaning that they do not operate with the goal of generating revenue as opposed to NPOs.
Io che amo solo te
"Io che amo solo te" (Italian pronunciation: [ˈiːo ke ˈaːmo ˈsoːlo ˈte]; i.e. "I who love only you") is a song composed and performed by Sergio Endrigo and arranged by Luis Bacalov. One of Endrigo's major hits, the song was released in the summer of 1962 but became a success only at the end of year, eventually peaking at the second place on the Italian hit parade and selling over 650,000 copies.

According to Endrigo, the song was inspired by his love for a secretary and both music and lyrics were composed in about twenty minutes. A hymn to pure love and to absolute fidelity, in 1974 the song was used by the  "Vote Yes" Committee for the Italian divorce referendum.

The song was later covered by several artists, including Mina, Ornella Vanoni, Gianna Nannini, Rita Pavone, Massimo Ranieri, Nicola Di Bari, Franco Simone, Marco Mengoni, Claudio Baglioni, Fiorella Mannoia and Fabio Concato. It also named a 2015 film, Io che amo solo te, where the song was covered by Alessandra Amoroso.

Rita Pavone
Rita Ori Filomena Merk-Pavone (née Pavone, Italian: [ˈriːta paˈvoːne]; born August 23, 1945) is an Italian-Swiss pop singer, actress and showgirl, who rose to prominence in the 1960s.

Known as "the Mosquito of Turin" (la Zanzara di Torino), she was also nicknamed "Carrot Hair" (Pel di carota) because of the red color of her hair. Selling more than 50 million records worldwide and recording in seven different languages, she is also one of eight Italian pop singers to have ever entered the UK charts.
Peeples
Peeples is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Aubrey Peeples (born 1993), American actress

Clifford Peeples

George Peeples (born 1943), American basketball player

Joe Henry Peeples, Jr. (1914–1988), American politician

Nia Peeples (born 1961), American singer and actress

Raymond Peeples, American politician

Samuel A. Peeples (1917–1997), American writer

William Peeples (died 2004), American jazz drummer

George Peeples
George Peeples (born October 30, 1943) is an American former professional basketball player.

A 6'7" forward/center, Peeples played at the University of Iowa during the 1960s. He twice led the Iowa Hawkeyes in rebounds, grabbing 10.4 per game in 1964–65, and 10.8 per game in 1965–66. After his college playing days were over, Peeples was drafted in 1966 on the 4th round (35th overall pick) by the Baltimore Bullets, but he never played in the NBA.

From 1967 to 1973, Peeples played professionally in the American Basketball Association as a member of the Indiana Pacers, Carolina Cougars, and Dallas Chaparrals. He averaged 8.1 points per game and 7.3 rebounds per game over his ABA career.
(−)-Endo-fenchol dehydrogenase
(−)-endo-fenchol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.322, l-endo-fenchol dehydrogenase, FDH) is an enzyme with systematic name (−)-endo-fenchol:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

The enzyme occurs in the plant Foeniculum vulgare and can use the alternative cofactor, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate.

Fennel
Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) is a flowering plant species in the carrot family. It is a hardy, perennial herb with yellow flowers and feathery leaves. It is indigenous to the shores of the Mediterranean but has become widely naturalized in many parts of the world, especially on dry soils near the sea coast and on riverbanks.

It is a highly flavorful herb used in cooking and, along with the similar-tasting anise, is one of the primary ingredients of absinthe. Florence fennel or finocchio (UK: /fɪˈnɒkioʊ/, US: /-ˈnoʊk-/, Italian: [fiˈnɔkkjo]) is a selection with a swollen, bulb-like stem base (sometimes called bulb fennel) that is used as a vegetable.
Acer eonegundo
Acer eonegundo is an extinct maple species in the family Sapindaceae described from a single partial fossil leaf.  The species is known from Eocene sediments exposed in the US state of Nevada.  It is placed into the living Acer section Negundo.

University of California Museum of Paleontology
37°52′16.18″N 122°15′43.24″W﻿ / ﻿37.8711611°N 122.2620111°W﻿ / 37.8711611; -122.2620111

The University of California Museum of Paleontology (UCMP) is a paleontology museum located on the campus of the University of California, Berkeley.

The museum is within the Valley Life Sciences Building (VLSB), designed by George W. Kelham and completed in 1930. Its collections are primarily intended for research and are, thus, not accessible to the public. A limited number of fossils from the collection is on display in the VLSB. Although located on the Berkeley campus, the museum is the primary locality for storing fossils collected statewide. The original fossils, around which the current collection has grown, were those gathered as part of the California Geological Survey from 1860 to 1867.
2022 Qatar FA Cup
The 2022 Qatar FA Cup was the second edition of the Qatari cup tournament in men's football. It was played by the bottom 8 teams from the Qatar Stars League and the entire Qatari Second Division.

The tournament featured 16 teams divided into 3 groups.

Qatari Second Division
The Qatari Second Division (Arabic: دوري الدرجة الثانية القطري), QSD or Second Division League, also was known as Qatargas League due to sponsorship reasons, is the second tier of the two-tier football league competition in Qatar. Contested by 8 teams, it operates on a system of promotion and relegation with the Qatar Stars League (QSL), the top-tier football league in the country. The QSD seasons, like those of the QSL, run from September to April.

The league's first season was played in 1979 which was won by Al-Ittihad. The club with the most QSD wins is Al-Markhiya which has won 6 QSD titles. According to the league's development strategy, starting with the 2022–23 season, the first-placed club of this league will play a relegation match against the tenth-placed club of the first league to decide which club will participate in the first league next season. There is no relegation from the second division.
Doug Aronson
Douglas Aronson (born August 14, 1964) is an American former professional football player who was a guard for the Cincinnati Bengals of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the San Diego State Aztecs. He also played in the World League of American Football (WLAF) for the Orlando Thunder.

San Diego State Aztecs football
The San Diego State Aztecs football team is the college football program that represents San Diego State University (SDSU). The Aztecs compete in NCAA Division I (FBS) as a member of the Mountain West Conference (MW). The team plays its home games at Snapdragon Stadium.

Beginning play in 1921, the Aztecs first went to a bowl game in 1948 and first won a major college bowl game in 1969. The Aztecs have won 21 conference championships and are 10–10 all time in post-season bowl games.

Notable alumni include Pro Football Hall of Fame inductees Marshall Faulk, John Madden, and Joe Gibbs.
29th Logistics Battalion (Belgium)
The 29th Logistics Battalion (Dutch: 29 Bataljon Logistiek) is a logistics battalion in the Belgian Army of the Belgian Armed Forces. tasked with the storage and distribution of ammunition, fuel, Stores and providing maintenance and disposal services  for the Belgian Armed Forces.

Military logistics
Military logistics is the discipline of planning and carrying out the movement, supply, and maintenance of military forces. In its most comprehensive sense, it is those aspects or military operations that deal with:

Design, development, acquisition, storage, distribution, maintenance, evacuation, and disposition of materiel.

Transport of personnel.

Acquisition or construction, maintenance, operation and disposition of facilities.

Acquisition or furnishing of services.

Medical and health service support.

Logistics is an enabler of military operations, not an end in itself. Poor logistics can result in defeat, but even the best logistics cannot guarantee victory. Conversely, the best possible logistics is not always required: fit for purpose can suffice.
Löbtau
Löbtau (German pronunciation: [ˈlœptaʊ]) is a quarter or Stadtteil in south-west Dresden, Germany. It is part of the Stadtbezirk Cotta. It borders the quarters of Friedrichstadt, Cotta, Gorbitz, Naußlitz, Dolzschen, Plauen and Südvorstadt.

Quarter (urban subdivision)
A quarter is a section of an urban settlement. A quarter can be administratively defined and its borders officially designated, and it may have its own administrative structure (subordinate to that of the city, town or other urban area). Such a division is particularly common in countries like Bulgaria (Bulgarian: квартал, romanized: kvartal), Croatia (četvrt), France (Quartier), Georgia (კვარტალი, k'vart'ali),  Italy (Quartiere), Romania (Cartier), and Serbia (четврт / četvrt). It may be denoted as a borough (in English-speaking countries), Portugal/Brazil (bairro), Spain (barrio); or some other term (e.g. Cambodia (សង្កាត់ sangkat), Germany (Stadtteil), and Poland (dzielnica)).

Quarter can also refer to a non-administrative but distinct neighbourhood with its own character: for example, a slum quarter. It is often used for a district connected with a particular group of people: for instance, some cities are said to have Jewish quarters, diplomatic quarters or Bohemian quarters.
Visa requirements for Portuguese citizens
Visa requirements for Portuguese citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Portugal.

As of 2025, Portuguese citizens have visa-free or visa on arrival access to 186 countries and territories, ranking the Portuguese passport 6th in the world according to the Henley Passport Index.

Henley Passport Index
The Henley Passport Index is an annual global ranking of countries according to the travel freedom allowed by those countries' ordinary passports for their citizens. It was launched in 2005 as Henley & Partners Visa Restrictions Index and was updated to Henley Passport Index in January 2018. The index is updated on a quarterly basis to reflect changes in global visa policies.

The index annually ranks 199 passports of the world by the number of countries that their holders can travel to without requiring a visa. The number of countries that a specific passport can access becomes its visa-free "score". The data is obtained from the International Air Transport Association (IATA)'s Timatic documentation requirements database.
Datura discolor
Datura discolor, also called the desert thorn-apple, is an herbaceous annual plant native to the Sonoran Desert of western North America, where it grows in sandy soils and washes. All parts of the plant contain a mix of alkaloids that are potentially lethal when enough is ingested.

Arroyo (watercourse)
An arroyo (/ə.ˈrɔɪ.oʊ/, from the Spanish arroyo (Spanish: [aˈroʝo], "brook") or wash is a dry watercourse that temporarily or seasonally fills and flows after sufficient rain. Flash floods are common in arroyos following thunderstorms. It is akin to the Catalan rambla, which stems from the Arabic rámla, "dry river".

Similar landforms are referred to as wadi (in North Africa and Western Asia), chapp in the Gobi, laagate in the Kalahari, donga in South Africa, nullah in India, fiumare in Italy, and dry valley in England.

The desert dry wash biome is restricted to the arroyos of the southwestern United States. Arroyos provide a water source to desert animals.
2006 Thailand Open – Doubles
The 2006 Thailand Open was a tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the 4th edition of the Thailand Open, and was part of the International Series of the 2006 ATP Tour. It took place at the Impact Arena in Bangkok, Thailand, from September 25 through October 1, 2006. Jonathan Erlich and Andy Ram won in the final 6–2, 2–6, [10–4] against Andy Murray and Jamie Murray.

Impact, Muang Thong Thani
Impact, Muang Thong Thani (Thai: ศูนย์แสดงสินค้าและการประชุม อิมแพ็ค เมืองทองธานี) is a commercial complex consisting of the Impact Arena, a convention centre, and exhibition halls, located in Muang Thong Thani in Pak Kret District of Nonthaburi Province, a northern suburb of Bangkok, Thailand.

It has been considered as the second largest exhibition and convention venue in Asia with an indoor floor space of over 140,000 m2. Its Challenger Hall is currently the world's largest column-free exhibition hall. The venue hosts over 490 events and welcomes over 15 million visitors each year.
Society of Broadcast Engineers
The Society of Broadcast Engineers (SBE) is a professional organization for engineers in broadcast radio and television. The SBE also offers certification in various radio frequency and video and audio technology areas for its members.

Professional certification
Professional certification, trade certification, or professional designation, often called simply certification or qualification, is a designation earned by a person to assure qualification to perform a job or task. Not all certifications that use post-nominal letters are an acknowledgement of educational achievement, or an agency appointed to safeguard the public interest.
Steccherinum ochraceum
Steccherinum ochraceum, known as ochre spreading tooth, is a hydnoid fungus of the family Steccherinaceae. It was originally described as Hydnum ochraceum by Johann Friedrich Gmelin in 1792, and later transferred to the genus Steccherinum by Samuel Frederick Gray in 1821.

It is a plant pathogen infecting sweetgum trees. It can be found throughout North America and in Nepal.

Hydnoid fungi
The hydnoid fungi are a group of fungi in the Basidiomycota with basidiocarps (fruit bodies) producing spores on pendant, tooth-like or spine-like projections. They are colloquially called tooth fungi. Originally such fungi were referred to the genus Hydnum ("hydnoid" means Hydnum-like), but it is now known that not all hydnoid species are closely related.