hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Claudia Scharmann
Claudia Scharmann (born 13 January 1966 in Wattenscheid, North Rhine-Westphalia, West Germany) is a retired German rhythmic gymnast.

She competed for West Germany in the rhythmic gymnastics all-around competition at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, tying for 11th place overall.

Wattenscheid
Wattenscheid (German pronunciation: [ˈvatn̩ˌʃaɪ̯t] ⓘ) is a Stadtbezirk (urban district) of the German city of Bochum, in the Ruhr area of North Rhine-Westphalia. Until its incorporation into Bochum in 1975, Wattenscheid was an independent town with a long history dating back to its first recorded mention in 880. In the Middle Ages, it was a member of the Hanseatic League and later became known as a coal mining center during the industrialization of the Ruhr region. The last local coal mine closed in 1973.

As of 2025, Wattenscheid has about 74,000 inhabitants. It consists of residential areas and historic churches, including St. Gertrud von Brabant. The district also has a strong sporting tradition, serving as the base for the football club SG Wattenscheid 09, the athletics club TV Wattenscheid 01, and the chess club SV Wattenscheid.
Epicondylitis
Epicondylitis is the inflammation of an epicondyle or of adjacent tissues. Epicondyles are on the medial and lateral aspects of the elbow, consisting of the two bony prominences at the distal end of the humerus. These bony projections serve as the attachment point for the forearm musculature. Inflammation to the tendons and muscles at these attachment points can lead to medial and/or lateral epicondylitis. This can occur through a range of factors that overuse the muscles that attach to the epicondyles, such as sports or job-related duties that increase the workload of the forearm musculature and place stress on the elbow. Lateral epicondylitis is also known as "Tennis Elbow" due to its sports related association to tennis athletes, while medial epicondylitis is often referred to as "golfer's elbow."

Humerus
The humerus (/ˈhjuːmərəs/; pl.: humeri) is a long bone in the arm that runs from the shoulder to the elbow. It connects the scapula and the two bones of the lower arm, the radius and ulna, and consists of three sections. The humeral upper extremity consists of a rounded head, a narrow neck, and two short processes (tubercles, sometimes called tuberosities). The shaft is cylindrical in its upper portion, and more prismatic below. The lower extremity consists of 2 epicondyles, 2 processes (trochlea and capitulum), and 3 fossae (radial fossa, coronoid fossa, and olecranon fossa). As well as its true anatomical neck, the constriction below the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus is referred to as its surgical neck due to its tendency to fracture, thus often becoming the focus of surgeons.
Josh Abercrombie
Joshua Raymond (born April 13, 1984), better known by his ring name Josh Abercrombie, is an American professional wrestler. He is best known for his tenures in Independent Wrestling Association Mid-South, Juggalo Championship Wrestling, Ring of Honor and the short-lived Wrestling Society X.

IWA Mid-South Tag Team Championship
The IWA Mid-South Tag Team Championship is a tag team title in the IWA Mid-South promotion. The title debuted in 1997, but was abandoned before the year was out, and had a brief revival in 2002. The title was brought back from 2004 to 2008 and then once again from 2017 to the present. When it was reactivated in 2017, it was done via the Candido Cup, an eight-team tournament held on April 27, 2017. There have been a total of 44 reigns shared between 35 different teams consisting of 67 distinctive champions and five vacancies. The current champions are Dale Patricks and Kevin Giza, who are in their first reign as a team.
Sasanian roads
Sasanian roads were physical infrastructure important to the maintenance and development of the Sasanian Empire. Much of the Sasanian road system remains unknown due to minimal archaeological investigations. What can be deduced derives from the work of later Islamic geographers, such as Ibn Khordadbeh, who in turn relied on information provided by merchants. The main Sasanian road started from Mesopotamia. One northern route went through Hatra and Nahavand towards Khorasan, Tokharistan and Transoxania. Another northern road went to Armenia and Lazica through Adurbadagan. A southern road went through Dehloran and Susangerd towards Khuzestan before eventually reaching Pars by following a coastal road along the Persian Gulf. All roads of the Sasanian Empire were served by toll-stations, which taxed commercial goods, and services were offered to travellers as well, although the historian Khodadad Rezakhani notes that the "extent of these is not apparent archaeologically".

Hatra
Hatra (/ˈhæ.trə/; Arabic: الحَضْر (Arabic pronunciation: [al.ˈħadˤr]); Syriac: ܚܛܪܐ) was an ancient city in Upper Mesopotamia located in present-day eastern Nineveh Governorate in northern Iraq with an Arab ruling dynasty and a mixed populace which was largely ethnically indigenous Assyrian and Syriac-Aramaic speaking. The ruins of the city lie 290 km (180 mi) northwest of Baghdad and 110 km (68 mi) southwest of Mosul. It is considered the richest archaeological site from the Parthian Empire known to date.

Hatra was a strongly fortified caravan city and capital of the small Kingdom of Hatra, located between the Roman and Parthian/Sasanian Empires. Hatra flourished in the 2nd century, and was destroyed by the Sassanid Empire and deserted in the 3rd century alongside other Neo-Assyrian populated states such as Assur, Adiabene, Osroene and Beth Nuhadra. Its ruins were discovered in the 19th century.
City of Fear (album)
City of Fear is the fourth album by FM, a progressive rock group from Toronto, Canada, released in 1980 on Passport Records and distributed in Canada by Capitol Records, catalogue number PB-2028, and in the USA on Passport distributed by Jem Records, catalogue number PB-6004.  It was produced by Larry Fast who was notable for his Synergy series of electronic music albums. A remastered edition was released by Esoteric Records (ECLEC2383) on March 25, 2013. The album made a brief appearance at #86 on the Canadian Top 100 Album charts just as the charts changed to a Top 50 ranking.

Passport Records
Passport Records was a U.S.-based independent record label that existed between 1973 and 1988.  It was notable for popularizing such artists as Larry Fast, FM, Richard Barone, and Wendy O. Williams. It was distributed by Jem Records in the United States and by GRT Records in Canada.

Passport was Jem's flagship label, eventually growing to form the Passport Records Group, which included the labels PVC Records, Passport Jazz, Audion Records, Import Records, and Visa Records.
Nitryl azide
Nitryl azide (tetranitrogen dioxide) is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula N3−NO2. It is an unstable nitrogen oxide consisting of a covalent nitrogen–nitrogen bond between a nitro group and an azide group. It has been detected by infrared spectroscopy as a short-lived product of the reaction between sodium azide and nitronium hexafluoroantimonate:

The compound quickly decomposes to form nitrous oxide. Calculations suggest that this process occurs via an oxatetrazole oxide intermediate:

Nitro compound
In organic chemistry, nitro compounds are organic compounds that contain one or more nitro functional groups (−NO2). The nitro group is one of the most common explosophores (functional group that makes a compound explosive) used globally. The nitro group is also strongly electron-withdrawing. Because of this property, C−H bonds alpha (adjacent) to the nitro group can be acidic. For similar reasons, the presence of nitro groups in aromatic compounds retards electrophilic aromatic substitution but facilitates nucleophilic aromatic substitution.  Nitro groups are rarely found in nature. They are almost invariably produced by nitration reactions starting with nitric acid.
Newcastle City Council
Newcastle City Council is the local authority for the city of Newcastle upon Tyne in the ceremonial county of Tyne and Wear in North East England. Newcastle has had a council from medieval times, which has been reformed on numerous occasions. Since 1974 the council has been a metropolitan borough council. In 2024 the council became a member of the North East Combined Authority. The council is based at Newcastle Civic Centre.

The council has been under no overall control since November 2024, being run by a minority Labour administration.

Ceremonial counties of England
Ceremonial counties, formally known as counties for the purposes of the lieutenancies, are areas of England to which lord-lieutenants are appointed.  A lord-lieutenant is the monarch's representative in an area.

Shrieval counties have the same boundaries and serve a similar purpose, being the areas to which high sheriffs are appointed. High sheriffs are the monarch's judicial representative in an area.

The ceremonial counties are defined in the Lieutenancies Act 1997, and the shrieval counties in the Sheriffs Act 1887. Both are defined as groups of counties used for local government.
Martin Werhand
Martin Werhand (born 13 May 1968 in Neuwied, Rhineland-Palatinate) is a German publisher, editor and writer.
1997 he founded the publishing house Martin Werhand Verlag in Melsbach with focus on Fiction.

Neuwied
Neuwied (German pronunciation: [nɔʏˈviːt] ⓘ, lit. 'New Wied') is a town in the north of the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate, capital of the District of Neuwied. Neuwied lies on the east bank of the Rhine, 12 km northwest of Koblenz, on the railway from Frankfurt am Main to Cologne. The town has 13 suburban administrative districts: Heimbach-Weis, Gladbach, Engers, Oberbieber, Niederbieber, Torney, Segendorf, Altwied, Block, Irlich, Feldkirchen, Heddesdorf and Rodenbach. The largest is Heimbach-Weis, with approximately 8000 inhabitants.
Laguna's 4th congressional district
Laguna's 4th congressional district is one of the seven congressional districts of the Philippines in the province of Laguna. It has been represented in the House of Representatives of the Philippines since 1987. The district consists of the capital municipality of Santa Cruz and the entire eastern Laguna municipalities of Cavinti, Famy, Kalayaan, Luisiana, Lumban, Mabitac, Magdalena, Majayjay, Paete, Pagsanjan, Pakil, Pangil, Pila, Santa Maria and Siniloan. It is currently represented in the 20th Congress by Benjamin Agarao Jr. of the Partido Federal ng Pilipinas.

Magdalena, Laguna
Magdalena, officially the Municipality of Magdalena (Tagalog: Bayan ng Magdalena), is a municipality in the province of Laguna, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 28,131 people.
Cornelius Vermuyden School
Cornelius Vermuyden School is a secondary school with academy status for boys and girls ages 11–16. Located on Canvey Island, Essex, the school is named after the Dutch land engineer Sir Cornelius Vermuyden (1595-1683) who reclaimed large areas of fenland in England, and supervised the construction of the sea walls around Canvey in 1623. The school is a specialist arts and maths and computing college.

Arts College (United Kingdom specialist schools programme)
An Arts College, in the United Kingdom, was part of the 2011-defunct Specialist Schools Programme. It specialises in the subject fields of the performing, visual, digital and/or media arts. They were announced in 1996 and introduced alongside Sports Colleges to England in 1997, being one of the five "practical specialisms" of the specialist schools programme. They were then introduced to Scotland in 2005 and Northern Ireland in 2006. By 2011, when the programme ended, there were over 491 Arts Colleges in England. More have been introduced since then, however schools must be an academy, free school or use the Dedicated Schools Grant to become one.

Arts Colleges are entitled by the School Standards and Framework Act 1998 to select 10% of its yearly pupil intake based on academic aptitude, however this partial selection is optional.

Arts Colleges act as a local point of reference for other schools and businesses in the area, with an emphasis on promoting art within the community.
Flow (brand)
Flow (stylized as FLOW) is an American  telecommunications provider business segment and division of the Liberty Latin America in Colorado. It is used to market consumer cable television, internet, telephone, and mobile phone services provided by the subsidiary Liberty Caribbean throughout the Caribbean region. The brand was first introduced in 2015; prior to that, these services were marketed under the bmobile or LIME brand names.

Soufrière, Saint Lucia
Soufrière is a town on the West Coast of Saint Lucia, in the eastern Caribbean Sea. The town and the surrounding district has a population of 7,935. It was colonized by the French and was the original capital of the island.
Leung Chau-ting
Leung Chau-ting (梁籌庭), born around 1950, is the chairperson of the Federation of Civil Service Union, which he helped found in 1984. He was also involved in the founding of the Clerical Grades Civil Servants General Union in 1979.

Having represented civil servants for over 20 years at the Labour Advisory Board, he lost his seat after Federation of Trade Union, a pro-China trade union, switched support to another candidate.

Leung supports the same-sex spouse of civil servants who are in a married overseas be entitled to the same fringe benefits as their different-sex couple counterpart.

Advisory board
An advisory board is a body that provides non-binding strategic advice to the management of a corporation, organization, or foundation. The informal nature of an advisory board gives greater flexibility in structure and management compared to the board of directors. Unlike the board of directors, the advisory board does not have authority to vote on corporate matters or bear legal fiduciary responsibilities. Many new or small businesses choose to have advisory boards in order to benefit from the knowledge of others, without the expense or formality of the board of directors.
Girolamo Pini
Girolamo Pini was a 17th-century Italian painter from Florence, possibly a pupil of Jacopo Ligozzi, and who produced a number of botanical panels ('Étude de Botanique'), using oils on canvas. Three such panels are housed at the Museum of Decorative Arts in Paris. Painted in the corner of each panel in the form of a scroll or creased sheet of paper, is a list of the plants depicted.

Most of the species depicted are bulbous plants and are meticulously detailed, together with the occasional insect. Being patronised by the Medici family, Pini doubtless found his specimens for illustration from the gardens of Villa di Castello which is just north of Florence, and was the brainchild of Cosimo I de' Medici (1519–74). Two other gardens founded by the Medici and renowned for their scientific interest are those at Pisa and Padua.

Cosimo I de' Medici
Cosimo I de' Medici (12 June 1519 – 21 April 1574) was the second and last duke of Florence from 1537 until 1569, when he became the first grand duke of Tuscany, a title he held until his death. Cosimo I succeeded his cousin to the duchy.  He built the Uffizi (office) to organize his administration, and conquered Siena to consolidate Florence's rule in Tuscany. He expanded the Pitti Palace and most of the Boboli Gardens were also laid out during his reign.
South Africa Army cricket team
The South Africa Army cricket team represented the British Army in South Africa, the Union of South Africa having not been formed at the time.

The team appeared only once at first-class level. In January 1906, they played the touring MCC at Thara Tswane, Pretoria, the only first-class match ever played there. MCC batted first and declared after the first day's play at 480 for 7, and South Africa Army made 97 and 165 on the second day, MCC thus winning by an innings and 218 runs. The margin might have been wider still without the efforts of Captain Philip Mitford (who was also the team's captain), playing his only first-class game: in the Army's first innings, he carried his bat for 65 not out, the only score in double figures.

Carry the bat
In cricket, the term carry the bat (or carry one's bat) refers to an opening batsman (no. 1 and 2) who is not dismissed ("not out") when the team innings is closed.

The term is mainly used when the innings closes after all 10 wickets have fallen; that is, the other 10 players in the team have all been dismissed ("out"). It may also be used in situations where one or more of these players retire out or are unable to bat through injury or illness, and the remaining players are all dismissed normally. It is not used, however, in any other situation where the innings closes before all 10 wickets have fallen, such as when it is declared closed, or when the team successfully chases a set run target to win the match.
Degol Woyane
Degol Woyane is a tabia or municipality in the Dogu'a Tembien district of the Tigray Region of Ethiopia. It includes Dabba Selama, the oldest monastery of Ethiopia, and the most inaccessible in the world. The tabia centre is in Zala village, located approximately 10 km to the west of the woreda town Hagere Selam.

Adigrat Sandstone
The Adigrat Sandstone formation in north Ethiopia, in a wide array of reddish colours, comprises sandstones with coarse to fine grains, and locally conglomerates, silt- and claystones. Given the many lateritic palaeosols and locally fossil wood fragments, the formation is interpreted as a deposit in estuarine, lacustrine-deltaic or continental environments. The upper limit of Adigrat Sandstone is of Middle-Late Jurassic age (around 160 million years or Ma ago) whereas the lower boundary is Triassic (200 Ma). There are numerous rock-hewn churches in this formation.
One Spark (song)
"One Spark" is a song recorded by South Korean girl group Twice. It was released as the lead single of their thirteenth extended play With You-th on February 23, 2024. It was written by Kyler Niko, Earattack, Paulina "Pau" Cerrilla, Lee Woo-hyun, Sim Eunjee and Melanie Fontana.

"One Spark" peaked at number 93 on the Billboard Global 200 and number 126 on South Korea's Circle Digital Chart. It also entered charts in Hong Kong, Japan, Malaysia, and Singapore, and the top ten in Taiwan.

Billboard Global 200
The Billboard Global 200 is a weekly record chart published by Billboard. It ranks the top songs globally and is based on digital sales and online streaming from over 200 territories worldwide. First announced in mid-2019, it launched in September 2020.
James Park-Johnson
James Charles Park-Johnson (born 14 September 1998) is an English former first-class cricketer.

Park-Johnson was born at Kendal in September 1998. He was educated at Sedbergh School, before going up to Anglia Ruskin University. While studying at Anglia Ruskin, he made two appearances in first-class cricket for Cambridge MCCU in 2019, against Essex and Nottinghamshire. He scored 28 runs in his two matches, in addition to taking a single wicket, that of Essex's Ravi Bopara, with his right-arm medium pace bowling.

Anglia Ruskin University
Anglia Ruskin University (ARU) is a public research university in the region of East Anglia, United Kingdom. Its origins date back to the Cambridge School of Art (CSA), founded in 1858 by William John Beamont, a Fellow of Trinity College at the University of Cambridge. The institution became a university in 1992 and was renamed after John Ruskin, the Oxford University professor and author, in 2005. Ruskin delivered the inaugural speech at the Cambridge School of Art in 1858. ARU is classified as one of the "post-1992 universities." The university's motto is in Latin: Excellentia per societatem, which translates to Excellence through partnership in English.

As of 2022, Anglia Ruskin had 35,195 students. ARU has six campuses across the south-eastern portion of the United Kingdom in Cambridgeshire, Essex, and Greater London.
Sadiyah
Sadiyah (Arabic: السعدية, romanized: Al-Sadiyah; Kurdish: سەعدیە, romanized: Sedîye) is a town in Diyala Governorate, Iraq. It is located near the Diyala River 8 km (5 mi) south of Jalawla. The town is populated by Arabs, Kurds and Turkmens. It is disputed and experienced significant Arabization during the Saddam era.

Sadiyah is controlled by Badr Organization.

Romanization of Kurdish
The romanization of Kurdish language is the practice of transcribing the Kurdish, traditionally written in both Arabic and Latin scripts, into a standardized Latin alphabet. The development of Kurdish romanization systems supports the need for digital communication, linguistic research, and accessibility for Kurdish speakers and Kurdish speakers in diaspora communities. These systems strive to maintain phonetic precision and consistency across the diverse Kurdish dialects.
Athletics at the 1964 Summer Olympics – Women's pentathlon
The women's pentathlon was part of the Athletics at the 1964 Summer Olympics program in Tokyo.  It was held on 16 October and 17 October 1964, with the first three events on 16 October and the last two on 17 October.  20 athletes from 15 nations entered. The 1964 Summer Olympics were the first appearance of the women's pentathlon.

The events of the pentathlon, in order, were:

80 metre hurdles

Shot put

High jump

Long jump

200 metres

Women's pentathlon
The pentathlon or women's pentathlon is a combined track and field event in which each woman competes in five separate events over one day (formerly two days). The distance or time for each event is converted to points via scoring tables, with the overall ranking determined by total points. Since 1949 the events have been sprint hurdling, high jump, shot put, long jump, and a flat race. The sprint hurdles distance was 80 m outdoors until 1969 and thereafter 100 m; in indoor pentathlon the distance is 60 m. The flat race was 200 m until 1976 and thereafter 800 m.  In elite-level outdoor competition, the pentathlon was superseded in 1981 by the heptathlon, which has seven events, with both 200 m and 800 m, as well as the javelin throw. Pentathlon is still contested at school and masters level and indoors.
Matthew Ruth
Matthew Ruth (born 21 February 1987) is an Irish hurler who currently plays as a substitute centre-forward for the Kilkenny senior team.

Ruth made his first appearance for the team during the 2011 National League, however, he remained as a substitute for the subsequent championship. Since then he has won an All-Ireland medal as a non-playing substitute and Leinster and National League medals on the field of play.

At club level, Ruth is a Leinster medalist with the James Stephens club.

His father, Matt Ruth, played hurling for Limerick and Kilkenny, winning two All-Ireland medals.

Limerick GAA
The Limerick County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) (Irish: Cumann Lúthchleas Gael, Coiste Chontae Luimneach) or Limerick GAA is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland, and is responsible for Gaelic games in County Limerick. The county board is also responsible for the Limerick county teams.

The county hurling team has the fourth highest total of All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship (SHC) titles, behind Kilkenny, Cork and Tipperary. The county football team was the first from the province of Munster both to win an All-Ireland Senior Football Championship (SFC), as well as to appear in the final.

As of 2009, there were 108 clubs affiliated to Limerick GAA — the third highest, alongside Antrim.