hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Plainfield Academy for the Arts and Advanced Studies
Plainfield Academy for the Arts and Advanced Studies (PAAAS) is a magnet six-year public middle school / high school specializing in visual and performing arts that serves students in seventh through twelfth grades from Plainfield, in Union County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The school is part of the Plainfield Public School District, one of New Jersey's 31 former Abbott districts. Opened in September 2009, the school requires that students are residents of the city who have been enrolled in the district for a minimum of a year.

As of the 2023–24 school year, the school had an enrollment of 345 students and 41.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 8.4:1. There were 204 students (59.1% of enrollment) eligible for free lunch and 55 (15.9% of students) eligible for reduced-cost lunch.

Secondary education in the United States
Secondary education is the last six or seven years of statutory formal education in the United States. It reaches the climax with twelfth grade (age 17–18). Whether it begins with sixth grade (age 11–12) or seventh grade (age 12–13) varies by state and sometimes by school district.

Secondary education in the United States occurs in two phases. The first, as classified by the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED), is the lower secondary phase, either called a middle school or junior high school. A middle school is for students sixth grade, seventh grade and eighth grade and a junior high school is only for students in seventh and eighth grade.

The second is the ISCED upper secondary phase, a high school or senior high school for students ninth grade through twelfth grade. There is some debate over the optimum age of transfer, and variation in some states; also, middle school often includes grades that are almost always considered primary school.
Mesene (butterfly)
Mesene is a genus in the butterfly family Riodinidae present in the Neotropical realm.

Riodinidae Mesene exhibit many color variations and combinations and vary by geographic region. The males have triangular, pointed, brightly coloured forewings and small ellipsoidal hindwings. In the wing veins the species exhibit great conformity, the second subcostal vein, the upper median vein in the forewing as well as in the hindwing rise before the cell-end. They rest well hidden on the under surface of leaves but fly when disturbed somewhat like geometrids for about 10 to 20 metres always keeping in the middle of the forest roads, in order to drop again into another bush. The larvae are lycaenid like, somewhat like woodlice, fluffily haired; that of M. phareus lives on the extremely poisonous Paullinia pinnata to the leaf of which also the small greenish-yellow pupa is spun.

Paullinia pinnata
Paullinia pinnata is a flowering plant species in the genus of Paullinia found in South America and Africa.

The long flexible stems of P. pinnata are used to poison fish in shallow pools, as described by the English naturalist Henry Walter Bates in his book The Naturalist on the River Amazons.
PSA PF1 platform
The PSA PF1 platform is a global subcompact automobile platform originally developed by the French automaker PSA, now Stellantis. It has been the foundation for a wide range of B-segment (subcompact) cars produced since the early 2000s.

Peugeot 207
The Peugeot 207 is a supermini car (B) that was designed and produced by the French automaker Peugeot from 2006 to 2014. It was presented at the Geneva Motor Show in 2006, and entered production in April 2006, as the successor to the Peugeot 206. It shares the same platform with the Citroën C3.

The Peugeot 207 was replaced in April 2012 by the Peugeot 208, which is built on the same platform.
Allen Stack
Allen McIntyre Stack (January 23, 1928  – September 12, 1999) was an American competition swimmer, Olympic champion, and former world record-holder.

Stack won the gold medal in the men's 100-meter backstroke at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London.  Four years later at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki, Finland. He placed fourth in the final of the same event.

Stack attended Yale University, where he swam for the Yale Bulldogs swimming and diving team in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) competition from 1947 to 1949.  He graduated from Yale with a bachelor's degree in 1949.  He served in the U.S. Navy from 1951 to 1954, and graduated from Columbia University Law School in 1956.  He practiced law in Honolulu, Hawaii until 1998.

Stack was inducted into the International Swimming Hall of Fame as an "Honor Swimmer" in 1979.

Swimming at the 1948 Summer Olympics – Men's 100 metre backstroke
The men's 100 metre backstroke event at the 1948 Olympic Games took place between 4 and 6 August, at the Empire Pool. This swimming event used the backstroke. Because an Olympic-size swimming pool is 50 metres long, this race consisted of two lengths of the pool.
2002 NCAA Rifle Championships
The 2002 NCAA Rifle Championships were contested at the 23rd annual NCAA-sanctioned competition to determine the team and individual national champions of co-ed collegiate rifle shooting in the United States. The championship was hosted by Murray State University in Murray, Kentucky.

Three-time defending champions Alaska once again topped the team standings, finishing 31 points (6,241–6,209) points ahead of Kentucky. This was the Nanooks' fourth consecutive and fifth overall team title.

Matthew Emmons (Alaska) repeated as the individual national champion for the smallbore rifle whereas Ryan Tanoue (Nevada) claimed the title for the air rifle.

Murray, Kentucky
Murray is a home rule-class city in Calloway County, Kentucky, United States. It is the seat of Calloway County and the 19th-largest city in Kentucky. The city's population was 17,307 during the 2020 U.S. census, and its micropolitan area's population is 37,191. Murray is a college town and is the home of Murray State University.
Martininia
Martininia is a genus of fungi in the family Sclerotiniaceae.

The genus name of Martininia is in honour of George Willard Martin (1886–1971), who was an American mycologist.

The genus was circumscribed by Kent Parsons Dumont and Richard Paul Korf in Mycologia vol.62 (Issue 3) on page 608 in 1970.

George Willard Martin
George Willard Martin (October 27, 1886 – September 11, 1971) was an American mycologist. He was born in Brooklyn, New York. He received a bachelor of literature degree in 1912, and a Master of Science degree in 1915, both from Rutgers University. He received a PhD from the University of Chicago in 1922, under the direction of  Thurlow Christian Nelson and Henry Chandler Cowles, and he published the results of his research in the Botanical Gazette in 1923 under the title "Food of the Oysters". Afterward, he began work at the University of Iowa, where he became a professor, and he was head of the Department of Botany from 1953 to 1955. He became an emeritus professor and was still an active researcher until after he turned 80. Martin was the associate editor for mycology for the journal The American Midland Naturalist.
Windmill Stars F.C.
Windmill Stars Football Club is a Northern Irish intermediate football club based in Newry, County Down, playing in the Intermediate Division A of the Mid-Ulster Football League. The club's colours are orange and navy. The club, which forms part of the Mid-Ulster Football Association, participates in the Irish Cup. The club reached the first round of the Irish Cup in January 2022, losing to NIFL Premiership side Coleraine by 6–0 at the Showgrounds.

Newry
Newry (/ˈnjʊəri/; from Irish An Iúraigh) is a city in Northern Ireland, standing on the Clanrye River in counties Down and Armagh. It is near the border with the Republic of Ireland, on the main route between Belfast (34 miles/55 km away) and Dublin (67 miles/108 km away). The population was 27,913 in 2021.

Newry was founded in 1144 as a settlement around a Cistercian abbey. In the 16th century the English dissolved the abbey and built Bagenal's Castle on the site. Newry grew as a market town and a garrison, and became a port in 1742 when the Newry Canal was opened, the first summit-level canal in Ireland. A cathedral city, it is the episcopal seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Dromore. In 2002, as part of the Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II, Newry was granted city status along with Lisburn.
Gola Dzierżoniowska
Gola Dzierżoniowska [ˈɡɔla d͡ʑɛrʐɔˈɲɔfska], abbreviated to Gola, is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Niemcza, within Dzierżoniów County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.

Gola Dzierżoniowska Castle is situated in the village.

Dzierżoniów County
Dzierżoniów County (Polish: powiat dzierżoniowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, south-western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the town of Dzierżoniów, and it also contains four other towns: Bielawa, Niemcza, Pieszyce and Piława Górna. The county covers an area of 478.3 square kilometres (184.7 sq mi).

As at 2019 the total population of the county is 101,118. This figure breaks down as follows: Dzierżoniów 33,239, Bielawa 29,971, Pieszyce 7,123, Piława Górna 6,412, Niemcza 2,965, rural areas 21,408.
Suddopuskorini Jubo Sporting Club
Suddopuskorini Jubo Sporting Club (Bengali: সদ্যপুষ্কুরীনি যুব স্পোটিং ক্লাব) is a Bangladeshi women's professional football club from Rangpur. They participate in the Bangladesh Women's Football League, the women's premier football league in Bangladesh. Suddopuskorini Jubo SC was founded in 2015.

Bangladesh Women's Football League
The Bangladesh Women's Football League (WFL), officially known as the UCB Women's Football League for sponsorship reasons and formerly as WFL, is a professional association football league and the highest level of women's club football competition in Bangladesh. Established in 2011, the league is run by the Bangladesh Football Federation.
Djelaludin Sharityar
Djelaludin Sharityar (Pashto: جلال‌الدین شریعت‌یار) is an Afghan footballer who plays as a defender and was the captain of the Afghanistan national football team. He was a member of the national team from 2007 to 2015.

His career started in 1998 in Germany when as a youth he played for VfL Wolfsburg, he then joined Swiss club FC Kreuzlingen in 2001, then moved back to Germany in 2003 when he joined FC Konstanz and then FC Emmendingen in 2006, SpVgg Weiden in 2007 and 2008, 1. FC Schweinfurt 05 in 2009, and then in Cyprus, APEP Pitsilia in 2009. Until 2013 he played for Hidd SCC in Bahrain. In 2014, he returned to play for 1. FC Schweinfurt 05 again. In 2015 Sharityar signed a contract with Manama Club (Bahrain Premier League). Manama Club is one of the best teams in Bahrain and will take part in the GCC Champions League (Gulf Cup for Clubs) this season.

Afghanistan national football team
The Afghanistan national football team represents Afghanistan in men's international football and is controlled by the Afghanistan Football Federation. The Afghanistan Football Federation was established in 1922 and joined FIFA in 1948. It was also one of the founding members of the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) in 1954.

Afghanistan claimed their first international football title and marked a historic moment for Afghan football when they became champions of the 2013 tournament of the SAFF Championship.
Minoru Sano (chef)
Minoru Sano (佐野 実, Sano Minoru; April 4, 1951 – April 11, 2014) was a Japanese celebrity chef who specialized in ramen. He was called the Oni of Ramen in Japan. He founded the Shinasobaya Company and helped run the Shin-Yokohama Ramen Museum.

Minoru Sano was born in Totsuka-ku in the city of Yokohama in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. He had numerous appearances in the Japanese media. He had many ramen chef disciples. He died of multiple organ failure after suffering with Diabetes for 3 years prior to his death in hospital, surrounded by family.

Totsuka-ku, Yokohama
Totsuka-ku (戸塚区) is one of the 18 wards of the city of Yokohama in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. As of 2010, the ward had an estimated population of 273,418 and a density of 7,640 persons per km2. The total area is 35.70 km2.
Nursing Children and Young People
Nursing Children and Young People is a nursing journal covering the practice of pediatric nursing. The journal was established in 1989 as Paediatric Nursing, obtaining its current title in 2014, and is published by RCN Publishing. It is abstracted and indexed in CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, EBSCO databases, and Thomson Gale.

Pediatric nursing
Pediatric nursing is part of the nursing profession, specifically revolving around the care of neonates and children up to adolescence. The word, pediatrics, comes from the Greek words 'paedia' (child) and 'iatrike' (physician). 'Paediatrics' is the British/Australian spelling, while 'pediatrics' is the American spelling.
Pirsig's Metaphysics of Quality
The Metaphysics of Quality (MOQ) is a theory of reality introduced in Robert M. Pirsig's philosophical novel Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance (1974) and expanded in Lila: An Inquiry into Morals (1991). The MOQ incorporates facets of Sophistry, East Asian philosophy, pragmatism, the work of F. S. C. Northrop, and Indigenous American philosophy. Pirsig argues that the MOQ is a better lens through which to view reality than the subjective/objective mindset that Pirsig attributes to Aristotle. Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance references the Sanskrit doctrine of Tat Tvam Asi ("Thou art that"), which asserts an existential monism as opposed to the subject–object dualism.

William Kingdon Clifford
William Kingdon Clifford (4 May 1845 – 3 March 1879) was a British mathematician and philosopher. Building on the work of Hermann Grassmann, he introduced what is now termed geometric algebra. This is a special case of what later became known as the Clifford algebra, which was named in his honour. The operations of geometric algebra have the effect of mirroring, rotating, translating, and mapping the geometric objects that are being modelled to new positions. Clifford algebras in general and geometric algebra in particular have been of ever increasing importance to mathematical physics, geometry, and computing. Clifford was the first to suggest that gravitation might be a manifestation of an underlying geometry. In his philosophical writings he coined the expression mind-stuff.
Goodbye (Shila Amzah song)
"Goodbye" is a Mandopop song recorded by Malaysian singer-songwriter Shila Amzah. The song was written by Kelvin Avon and Jessica Bennet and composed by Xiao Guang. The song was produced by Jun Kung and Kelvin Avon. It was released on 6 October 2015, by Shilala (HK) Limited as the lead single from Shila Amzah's debut Chinese-language album (My Journey). The writers were inspired to write "Goodbye" after hearing Shila's previous single which was "See You or Never". The song contains many Malaysian pop and mandopop elements, and its lyrics have Shila desiring an out-of-reach love interest.

My Journey (Shila Amzah album)
My Journey (stylized as "MY JOURNEY") is the sixth studio album and debut Chinese-language studio album by Malaysian singer-songwriter, Shila Amzah. It was released physically on April 30, 2016, through Shilala (HK) Limited. Shila began preparing for the album during the same year after she participated I Am a Singer (season 2), and during a significant amount of media scrutiny. Shila was 26 years old at the time of the album's release and she is the first Malay artist to release a full Chinese studio album at Beijing, China.

Musically, the album is mandopop music styled, and lyrically it speaks of romantic relationships and breakups, a couple of Shila wrote from experiencing a relationship before. Lyrics also touch on Shila's personal struggles in life. In contrast to Shila's previous work, the production of My Journey consists of drum programming, synthesizers, pulsating bass, processed backing vocals, and guitars.
Charlie Ferguson (footballer, born 1910)
Charles Ferguson (1910–1995) was a Scottish footballer who played as an inside forward. Ferguson spent his pre-war years with Middlesbrough, Notts County and Luton Town, playing for Arbroath, Dumbarton and Aberdeen during the Second World War and Dundee United briefly after it. Moving to North Shields for work purposes, Ferguson went on to become a scout with Burnley and Sunderland.

Ferguson died in 1995 aged 84.

Arbroath F.C.
Arbroath Football Club is a semi-professional Scottish football club based in the town of Arbroath, Angus. They currently play in the Scottish Championship. The club was founded in 1878 and plays home matches at Gayfield Park. They play in maroon strips and are nicknamed "The Red Lichties" due to the red light that used to guide fishing boats back from the North Sea to the Burgh's harbour. The Red Lichties share a long-standing and fierce rivalry with local neighbours Montrose, as well as with fellow local sides Forfar Athletic and Brechin City.
World War II: When Lions Roared
World War II: When Lions Roared (also known as Then There Were Giants) is a 1994 American war television miniseries, directed by Joseph Sargent, and starring Michael Caine, John Lithgow and Bob Hoskins as the three major Allied leaders, Joseph Stalin, Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill respectively.  
It was notable as the first video production to be produced in high-definition video for broadcast in the United States, using the Sony HDVS line of analog high-definition equipment, although it was broadcast by the NBC television network in standard NTSC resolution.

High-definition video
High-definition video (HD video) is video of higher resolution and quality than standard-definition. While there is no standardized meaning for high-definition, generally any video image with considerably more than 480 vertical scan lines (North America) or 576 vertical lines (Europe) is considered high-definition. 480 scan lines is generally the minimum even though the majority of systems greatly exceed that. Images of standard resolution captured at high frame rate (60 frames/second North America, 50 FPS Europe), by a high-speed camera may be considered high-definition in some contexts. Some television series shot on high-definition video are made to look as if they have been shot on film, a technique which is often known as filmizing.
2003 Ennis shooting
The 2003 Ennis shooting was a mass shooting that occurred on June 14, 2003, when 44-year-old George Harold Davis opened fire on a group of people outside a bar in downtown Ennis, in Madison County, Montana, then engaged police officers in a high-speed chase and shootout. Davis killed one man and injured six other bystanders at the bar. He was then chased by a sheriff's deputy and highway patrol officer. The chase terminated on the Idaho/Montana state border. Davis was arrested and sentenced to eleven life terms, the longest prison sentence in Montana state history. The chase and shootout were captured on dashboard cameras installed within the two pursuing patrol vehicles.

Shootout
A shootout, also called a firefight, gunfight, or gun battle, is a confrontation in which parties armed with firearms exchange gunfire. The term can be used to describe any such fight, though it is typically used in a non-military context or to describe combat situations primarily using firearms (generally excluding crew-served weapons, combat vehicles, armed aircraft, or explosives).

Shootouts often pit law enforcement against criminals, though they can also involve parties outside of law enforcement, such as rival gangs, militias, or individuals. Military combat situations are rarely titled "shootouts", and are almost always considered battles, engagements, skirmishes, exchanges, or firefights.

Shootouts are often depicted in action films, Westerns, and video games.
1988 Bangladeshi general election
General elections were held in Bangladesh on 3 March 1988. They were boycotted by several major parties, including the Bangladesh Awami League, the Bangladesh Nationalist Party, the Communist Party of Bangladesh, Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh, the Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League, the National Awami Party (Muzaffar) and the Workers Party of Bangladesh. The result was a victory for the Jatiya Party, which won 251 of the 300 seats. Voter turnout was 52%.

Workers Party of Bangladesh
The Workers Party of Bangladesh (Bengali: বাংলাদেশের ওয়ার্কার্স পার্টি) is a communist party in Bangladesh. Rashed Khan Menon is the president of the Workers Party of Bangladesh and Fazle Hossain Badsha is the general secretary of the party.
1984 International Masters
The 1984 International Masters (officially the 1984 Yamaha International Masters) was a non-ranking snooker tournament, that was held between 27 February to 4 March 1984 at the Assembly Rooms in Derby, England.

Derby Assembly Rooms
The Derby Assembly Rooms was an events venue in the English city of Derby. There have been three iterations of the Derby Assembly Rooms, with the last two on the same site. The first was opened in 1714 in Full Street, but soon proved inadequate. The second was built in 1763 on Market Place and was used until it was damaged by a fire in 1963. The third was built in 1977 and used until it too was damaged in a fire in 2014.

Both of the last two buildings still exist, at least in part. The façade of the 1763 building was dismantled and rebuilt as part of the vintage street scene at the National Tramway Museum in Crich, Derbyshire.

The 1977 building still stands, albeit unused since 2014, but has an uncertain future. As of March 2025, there were no firm plans and the adjacent car park was closed since 2024 in anticipation of demolition, but the council hope to have a better overview by the summer.
Peripheral vascular system
The peripheral vascular system is the part of the circulatory system that consists of the veins and arteries not in the chest or abdomen (i.e. in the arms, hands, legs and feet). The peripheral arteries supply oxygenated blood to the body, and the peripheral veins lead deoxygenated blood from the capillaries in the extremities back to the heart.

Peripheral veins are the most common intravenous access method in both hospitals and paramedic services for a peripheral intravenous (IV) line for intravenous therapy.

In some cases blockages in the peripheral arteries may be treated with catheterization and balloon dilatation instead of surgery.

Balloon catheter
A balloon catheter is a type of "soft" catheter with an inflatable "balloon" at its tip which is used during a catheterization procedure to enlarge a narrow opening or passage within the body. The deflated balloon catheter is positioned, then inflated to perform the necessary procedure, and deflated again in order to be removed.

Some common uses include:

angioplasty or balloon septostomy, via cardiac catheterization (heart cath)

tuboplasty via uterine catheterization

pyeloplasty using a detachable inflatable balloon stent positioned via a cystoscopic transvesicular approach.
Mesogona oxalina
Mesogona oxalina is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in southern and central Europe, north to Fennoscandia, east to the Baltic States  and Russia  (up to the Ural), south to the Iberian Peninsula, Italy  and Greece.

The wingspan is 34–39 mm. Adults are on wing from August to September depending on the location.

The larvae feed on Alnus, Populus, Prunus and Salix species.

Populus
Populus is a genus of 25–30 species of deciduous flowering plants in the family Salicaceae, native to most of the Northern Hemisphere. English names variously applied to different species include poplar (/ˈpɒplər/ ⓘ), aspen, and cottonwood.

The western balsam poplar (P. trichocarpa) was the first tree to have its full DNA code determined by DNA sequencing, in 2006.