hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Athletics at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Women's 800 metres
The women's 800 metres at the 2024 Summer Olympics was held in four rounds at the Stade de France in Paris, France, between 2 and 5 August 2024. This was the eighteenth time that the women's 800 metres is contested at the Summer Olympics. A total of 50 athletes from 32 countries participated in this event.

Athletics abbreviations
The sports under the umbrella of athletics, particularly track and field, use a variety of statistics.  In order to report that information efficiently, numerous abbreviations have grown to be common in the sport. Starting in 1948 by Bert Nelson and Cordner Nelson, Track & Field News became the leader in creating and defining abbreviations in this field. These abbreviations have also been adopted by, among others: World Athletics, the world governing body; various domestic governing bodies; the Association of Track and Field Statisticians; the Association of Road Racing Statisticians; the Associated Press; and individual media outlets who receive their reports. These abbreviations also appear in Wikipedia.
State Crown of George I
The State Crown of George I is the imperial and state crown crafted in 1714 for King George I. It was modified and used by subsequent monarchs until 1838. The empty gold frame and its aquamarine monde which dates from the reign of King James II are both part of the Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom. They are on public display in the Jewel House at the Tower of London.

Imperial crown
An imperial crown is a crown worn by an emperor. In the European cultural area, it also symbolizes the power of the empire in heraldic depictions. The craftsmanship corresponded to the king's crown, with precious stones and pearls set into the precious metal frame for decoration. Their external form differed from crowns of the same period and the same reign. The use of Christian symbols to emphasize the divine rule of the emperor is the reason for the deviation.

In East Asia, there are several types of crowns worn by emperors, depending on the ritual or ceremony. Typical examples are the Chinese mianguan and the Japanese benkan. In external form, they are characterized by chains that hide the emperor's face.
Philip B. Keefer
Philip Bogan Keefer (September 4, 1875 – January 1, 1949) was a United States Navy sailor and a recipient of America's highest military decoration—the Medal of Honor—for his actions during the Spanish–American War.

On July 20, 1898, Keefer was serving as a Coopersmith on the USS Iowa (BB-4) off the coast of Santiago de Cuba when a boiler accident occurred. For his actions during the incident, Keefer was issued the Medal of Honor five months later, on December 14, 1898.

Santiago de Cuba
Santiago de Cuba (Spanish pronunciation: [sanˈtjaɣo ðe ˈkuβa]) is the second-largest city in Cuba and the capital city of Santiago de Cuba Province. It lies in the southeastern area of the island, some 870 km (540 mi) southeast of the Cuban capital of Havana.

The municipality extends over 1,023.8 km2 (395.3 sq mi), and contains the communities of Antonio Maceo, Bravo, Castillo Duany, Daiquirí, El Caney, El Cobre, El Cristo, Guilera, Leyte Vidal, Moncada and Siboney.

Historically Santiago de Cuba has been the second-most important city on the island after Havana, and remains the second-largest. It lies on a bay connected to the Caribbean Sea and is an important sea port. In 2022, the city of Santiago de Cuba recorded a population of 507,167 people.
Pertile
Pertile is the family name of:

Aureliano Pertile (1885–1952), Italian opera singer

Ivo Pertile (born 1971), Italian ski jumper

Elda Pértile (born 1953), Argentine politician

Javier Pértile (born 1968),  Argentine-Italian rugby union player

Lino Pertile (born 1940), Italian linguist and professor

Merle Pertile (1941–1997), American model and actress

Ruggero Pertile (born 1974), Italian long-distance runner

Javier Pértile
Javier Pértile (born General San Martín, 26 October 1968) is a former Argentine-Italian rugby union player. He played as a fullback.

He first played in Argentina, but moved to Italy to play for Rugby Roma Olimpic, from 1994/95 to 1998/99. He won the Coppa Italia in 1998/99. He returned to his home country, where he played for Clube de Regatas de Resistencia, from 2000 to 2008, where he left competition aged 40 years old.

He was from Italian ancestry and decided to represent Italy. He had 15 caps from 1994 to 1999, scoring 1 try, 5 points on aggregate. He played at the 1995-1997 FIRA Trophy, won by Italy for the first time.
2023 Miami Open – Men's doubles
Santiago González and Édouard Roger-Vasselin defeated Austin Krajicek and Nicolas Mahut in the final, 7–6(7–4), 7–5 to win the men's doubles tennis title at the 2023 Miami Open.

Hubert Hurkacz and John Isner were the reigning champions, but they withdrew from their first-round match after Isner sustained a foot injury.

Wesley Koolhof, Neal Skupski and Rajeev Ram were in contention for the ATP No. 1 doubles ranking. Koolhof and Skupski retained the top ranking after Ram lost in the second round.

Santiago González (tennis)
Santiago González Torre (Latin American Spanish: [sanˈtjaɣo ɣonˈsales ˈtore]; born 24 February 1983) is a Mexican professional tennis player. His career-high ATP ranking is World No. 7 in doubles, achieved on 13 November 2023. He has won 25 ATP doubles titles. In 2017, he reached the French Open final in doubles along with his partner Donald Young. Additionally, he has reached the finals of four other Grand Slam tournaments in the Mixed category: the 2013 French Open, the 2014 and 2015 US Open, and the 2024 Wimbledon. González represents Mexico at the Davis Cup competition; currently his record is 31–19 as of end of 2023 season. His career-high ranking in singles is No. 155, achieved on 22 May 2006.
History of cell membrane theory
Cell theory has its origins in seventeenth century microscopy observations, but it was nearly two hundred years before a complete cell membrane theory was developed to explain what separates cells from the outside world. By the 19th century it was accepted that some form of semi-permeable barrier must exist around a cell. Studies of the action of anesthetic molecules led to the theory that this barrier might be made of some sort of fat (lipid), but the structure was still unknown. A series of pioneering experiments in 1925 indicated that this barrier membrane consisted of two molecular layers of lipids—a lipid bilayer. New tools over the next few decades confirmed this theory, but controversy remained regarding the role of proteins in the cell membrane. Eventually the fluid mosaic model was composed in which proteins “float” in a fluid lipid bilayer "sea". Although simplistic and incomplete, this model is still widely referenced today.

Ernest Overton
Charles Ernest Overton (1865–1933) was a British and Swedish physiologist and biologist, now regarded as a pioneer of the theory of the cell membrane.

In the last years of the 19th century Overton did experimental work, allowing the distinction to be drawn between the cell wall of plants and their cytoplasmic membrane. He studied the permeability of a range of biological materials to around 500 chemical compounds.
In 1900, Overton proposed a biomembrane model "Overton Biomembrane Model" which stated that biomembranes are made up of lipids. He gave this statement on the basis of observation of transport of lipid soluble substances across the biomembranes.

He came to Lund University in Sweden as a professor, and married Louise Petrén-Overton, the first woman in Sweden with a doctorate in mathematics; they had four children.
2025 Light Air Services Beechcraft 1900 crash
On 29 January 2025, a Beechcraft 1900D operated by Eagle Air on behalf of Light Air Services crashed in Unity State, located in the Greater Upper Nile region of South Sudan. The aircraft was on a routine scheduled charter flight from GPOC Unity Airstrip to Juba International Airport when it crashed shortly after takeoff, killing 20 out of 21 on board. The aircraft was transporting oil workers to the South Sudanese capital Juba.

Greater Upper Nile
The Greater Upper Nile (Arabic: منطقة أعالي النيل, romanized: A'Ali An Nil) is a region of northeastern South Sudan. It is named for the White Nile (it is its lowest portion in South Sudan), a tributary of the Nile River in North and East Africa.
2009 European Squash Team Championships
The 2009 European Squash Team Championships was the 37th edition of European Squash Team Championships for squash players. The event was held in Malmö, Sweden, from 29 April to 3 May 2009. The tournament was organised by the European Squash Federation.

The England men's team won their 34th title and the England women's team won their 32nd title.

European Squash Team Championships
The European Team Championships  (ETC) are the international squash competition played between teams representing different nations organised by the European Squash Federation. Countries enter teams of four or five players to represent them in the championships. In each round of the competition, teams face each other in a best-of-four singles matches contest. Each competition is held once every year.
Maskeliya Electoral District
Maskeliya electoral district was an electoral district of Sri Lanka between August 1947 and July 1977. The district was named after the town of Maskeliya in Nuwara Eliya District, Central Province. The 1978 Constitution of Sri Lanka introduced the proportional representation electoral system for electing members of Parliament. The existing 160 mainly single-member electoral districts were replaced with 22 multi-member electoral districts. Maskeliya electoral district was replaced by the Nuwara Eliya multi-member electoral district at the 1989 general elections, the first under the proportional representation system.

Elections in Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka elects on the national level a head of state – the president – and a legislature. Sri Lanka has a multi-party system, with two dominant political parties. All elections are administered by the Election Commission of Sri Lanka.
Miss Universe 2003
Miss Universe 2003 was the 52nd Miss Universe pageant, held at the Figali Convention Center in Panama City, Panama, on 3 June 2003.

The winner, Amelia Vega of the Dominican Republic was crowned by Justine Pasek of Panama as Miss Universe 2003. It was the country's first victory in the pageant's history.

Contestants from seventy-one countries and territories competed in this year's pageant. The competition was hosted by Billy Bush and Daisy Fuentes. Musical quartet Bond and Puerto Rican singer-composer Chayanne performed in this year's pageant. This was also the first edition of Miss Universe to be aired on NBC.

Daisy Fuentes
Daisy Fuentes (born November 17, 1966) is an American model, television host, actress and former weather presenter. Fuentes became MTV's first Latina VJ (signed to MTV and MTV Latin America simultaneously) and Revlon's first Latina spokesperson to be signed to a worldwide contract.
Mulichinco Formation
The Mulichinco Formation is a geological formation in Argentina. It is Valanginian in age and is predominantly terrestrial, being deposited at a time of marine regression in the Neuquén Basin, and predominantly consists of siliciclastic rocks.

Marine regression
A marine regression is a geological process occurring when areas of submerged seafloor are exposed during a drop in sea level. The opposite event, marine transgression, occurs when flooding from the sea covers previously-exposed land.
Wargames Illustrated
Wargames Illustrated is a magazine dedicated to miniature wargaming which is focused on historical tabletop wargames. The monthly magazine has both paper and digital editions and maintains editorial, design and administrative staff in Nottingham, England.

The magazine reviews new products, provides advice on painting  miniatures, produces campaign settings, and researches historical battles. It is in a large part based on submission of content from wargaming enthusiasts around the world.

Wargames Illustrated was conceived and originally owned and edited by Duncan Macfarlane (ex-Games Workshop manager). In January 2009 Macfarlane sold the magazine to Battlefront Miniatures of New Zealand. Battlefront employed Dan Faulconbridge as the UK Editor and Dave Taylor as the US Editor. In May 2015 Battlefront Miniatures sold Wargames Illustrated Limited to UK Editor Dan Faulconbridge, who since then has been the sole owner and editor.

Miniature model (gaming)
In miniature wargaming, players enact simulated battles using scale models called miniature models, which can be anywhere from 2 to 54 mm in height, to represent warriors, vehicles, artillery, buildings, and terrain. These models are colloquially referred to as miniatures or minis.

Miniature models are commonly made of metal, plastic, or paper. They are used to augment the visual aspects of a game and track position, facing, and line of sight of characters. Miniatures are typically painted and can be artfully sculpted, making them collectible in their own right. Pre-painted plastic figures, such as Clix miniatures produced by WizKids and unpainted plastic figures for Warhammer by Games Workshop, have become popular. The hobby of painting, collecting, and playing with miniatures originated with toy soldiers, though the latter were generally sold pre-painted.
Cristal Marie
Cristal Marie (born May 26, 1986) is a Dominican singer, songwriter, actress and performer who is best known for singing the opening theme of the North American telenovela "Pecados Ajenos" by Telemundo alongside Cuban-American singer Jencarlos Canela.

She has won the Casandra Award (Dominican Republic's highest Honor in the music industry) a Berklee College of Music Award  and her song "Confieso" was selected as a winner by the 17th Annual Billboard World Song Contest and as a finalist of the International Songwriting Competition (ISC). She also wrote the soundtrack for the independent film "Sin Social", winner of the Platinum Reel Award at the Nevada Film Festival of 2009. In 2010 she won the Youth Achievement Latin Pride National Award.

International Songwriting Competition
The International Songwriting Competition (ISC), founded in 2002, is an annual songwriting contest for both amateur and professional songwriters. There is no physical event to attend as the competition is held online, and anyone in the world can enter. Each year the competition gives away over US$150,000 in cash and prizes, including $25,000 in cash to the overall Grand Prize Winner. Additionally, ISC offers an opportunity for artists to have their songs heard by celebrity artists and music industry executives.
Gerichtsbezirk Oberburg
The Gerichtsbezirk Oberburg (Court District of Oberberg) (Slovenian: sodni okraj Gornji Grad) was in the Bezirksgericht Oberburg which was under the Gerichtsbezirk of the state of Steiermark. It was composed of part of the Bezirks Cilli (Celje) and was lost to Yugoslavia in 1919.

Bočna
Bočna (pronounced [ˈboːtʃna]) is a settlement in the Municipality of Gornji Grad in Slovenia. The area belongs to the traditional region of Styria and is now included in the Savinja Statistical Region. The settlement includes the hamlets of Čeplje, Delce, Kropa, Nadbočna, Otok, Podhom, Poglednik, and Slatina.
Cryptic bearded goby
Barbuligobius boehlkei, the Cryptic bearded goby, is a species of goby native to the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean where it can be found on sand-rubble substrates at depths of from 1 to 15 metres (3.3 to 49.2 ft).  This species grows to a length of 2 centimetres (0.79 in) SL.  This species is the only known member of its genus. Its specific name honours James E. Böhlke (1930-1982) of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.

James Erwin Böhlke
James Erwin Böhlke (1930–1982) was an American ichthyologist.  From 1954 to 1982, he was curator of the Department of Ichthyology at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (today the Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University).

He published over 120 papers on diverse groups of fishes and topics, primarily in his areas of expertise, fishes of the Bahamas, Caribbean, and South America.

His wife Eugenia (Genie) Brandt Böhlke (1928–2001) was also a noted ichthyologist. The serranid fish genus Jeboehlkia is named in his honour,
Murder Squad Nationwide
Murder Squad Nationwide is an album by American rap group South Central Cartel and friends. It was released February 14, 1995, on South Central Cartel's G.W.K. Records and distributed by Def Jam Recordings. The album features production by Ant Banks, DJ Gripp, G$ Money and Prodeje. It peaked at number 12 on the Billboard Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums, at number 1 on the Billboard Top Heatseekers and at number 106 on the Billboard 200. The album features performances by Spice 1, Ant Banks, Ice-T, Treach, 187 Fac, Mr. Wesside, Hot Dolla and Big Mike.

Def Jam Recordings
Def Jam Recordings (also simply known as Def Jam) is an American multinational record label owned by Universal Music Group. It is based in Manhattan, New York City, specializing predominantly in hip-hop, contemporary R&B, soul and pop.

The label has a London-based, UK arm known as 0207 Def Jam (formerly Def Jam UK in the 1990s until the mid-2000s) and is currently operated through EMI Records. It has a Johannesburg, South Africa and Lagos, Nigeria-based arm known as Def Jam Africa.
Heidi Greni
Heidi Greni (born 3 July 1962) is a Norwegian politician for the Centre Party.

She served as a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway from Sør-Trøndelag during the term 2009–2013. In March 2011, when regular representative Ola Borten Moe joined the cabinet, Greni became a full representative. She joined the Standing Committee on Local Government and Public Administration.

She hails from Ålen, and in the 2011 Norwegian local elections she was elected as mayor of Holtålen Municipality as the first non-Labour mayor in 104 years.

Renbygda
Renbygda or Ålen is the administrative centre of Holtålen Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. The village is located along the Gaula River and the Rørosbanen railway line, about 30 kilometres (19 mi) north of the town of Røros and about 100 kilometres (62 mi) southeast of the city of Trondheim. The lake Riasten lies about 25 kilometres (16 mi) to the east. The western part of the village area, near the Ålen Church, is also known simply as Ålen.

The 0.84-square-kilometre (210-acre) village has a population (2024) of 625 and a population density of 744 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,930/sq mi).
Sanskriti School
Sanskriti School is a recognised integrated co-educational school in the diplomatic area of Chanakyapuri, New Delhi. It is affiliated with CBSE and offers education from  Nursery to XII. It was founded in 1998 primarily to provide education to children of All India Services and Allied services officers and Defence Services Personnel on transfer. The school is run by the Civil Services Society, an NGO formed by senior civil servants and their wives, with the spouse of the serving Cabinet Secretary of India as its chairperson.

Surendra Singh (cabinet secretary)
Surendra Singh was Cabinet Secretary in the Indian government from August 1994 to July 1996, as well as Chairman of the Civil Services of India. Prior to that he was Secretary of the former Indian Ministry of Industry.
Baryshivka settlement hromada
Baryshivka settlement hromada (Ukrainian: Баришівська селищна громада) is a hromada of Ukraine, located in Brovary Raion, Kyiv Oblast. Its administrative center is the rural settlement of Baryshivka.

It has an area of 695.4 square kilometres (268.5 mi2) and a population of 26,999, as of 2020.

The hromada includes 28 settlements: 1 rural settlement (Baryshivka), and 27 villages:

Kyiv Oblast
Kyiv Oblast (Ukrainian: Київська область, romanized: Kyivska oblast, IPA: [ˈkɪjiu̯sʲkɐ ˈɔblɐsʲtʲ]), also called Kyivshchyna (Київщинa, IPA: [ˈkɪjiu̯ʃtʃɪnɐ]), is an oblast (province) in central and northern Ukraine. It surrounds, but does not include, the city of Kyiv, which is administered as a city with special status. However, Kyiv also serves as the administrative center of the oblast. The Kyiv metropolitan area extends out from Kyiv city into parts of the oblast, which is significantly dependent on the urban economy and transportation of Kyiv.

The population of Kyiv Oblast is 1,795,079 (2022 estimate). Its largest city is Bila Tserkva, with a population over 200,000.

The Chernobyl Exclusion Zone is in the northern part of Kyiv Oblast. It is administered separately from the oblast and public access is prohibited.
2024 Internazionali di Tennis Città di Vicenza – Doubles
Anirudh Chandrasekar and Vijay Sundar Prashanth were the defending champions but chose to defend their title with different partners. Chandrasekar partnered Arjun Kadhe but lost in the first round to Marco Bortolotti and Alexandru Jecan. Prashanth partnered Jeevan Nedunchezhiyan but lost in the quarterfinals to Vladyslav Manafov and Patrik Niklas-Salminen.

Manafov and Niklas-Salminen won the title after defeating Andre Begemann and Niki Kaliyanda Poonacha 6–3, 6–4 in the final.

Alexandru Jecan
Mircea-Alexandru Jecan (born 2 June 1988) is a Romanian tennis player. He has a career high ATP doubles ranking of world No. 123 achieved on 16 February 2026 and a singles ranking of No. 450 achieved on 10 February 2020.
Esko Nikkari
Esko Nikkari (23 November 1938 – 17 December 2006) was a prolific Finnish actor who made more than 70 appearances on film and television. He was born in Lapua, and made his screen debut in 1974 in the movie Karvat.

Nikkari was a workhorse of the Kaurismäki brothers, with whom he first worked on Rikos ja rangaistus in 1983. His last role with Aki Kaurismäki was in Man without a Past in 2002. He starred in the 1994 film Aapo opposite actors such as Taisto Reimaluoto, Ulla Koivuranta and Kai Lehtinen. More recently, he has appeared in a number of Timo Koivusalo films such as Kaksipäisen kotkan varjossa (2005), which is the last full-length movie he appeared in. He died in Seinäjoki.

Taisto Reimaluoto
Taisto Reimaluoto (born 28 September 1961, in Helsinki) is a Finnish actor.

Reimaluoto began his career in films and in 1994, he appeared in Aapo as the lead character.

However since 1995 he has become a prolific Finnish television actor only appearing in several films such as Ambush (known as Rukajärven tie in Finland) in 1999.
Levan Tandilashvili
Levan Tandilashvili (Georgian: ლევან თანდილაშვილი, born 27 February 2003) is a Georgian footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Kategoria Superiore club KF Egnatia.

Tandilashvili has been a member of national youth teams.

KF Egnatia Rrogozhinë
KF Egnatia Rrogozhinë (Albanian: Klubi i Futbollit Egnatia Rrogozhinë), commonly referred to as Egnatia, is an Albanian professional football club based in Rrogozhinë. The club competes in the Kategoria Superiore, the top tier of Albanian football. Their home ground is the Egnatia Arena, which has a capacity of 4,000 spectators.

The club was founded on 15 September 1934 under the name 22 Shtatori Rrogozhinë. In 1991 the name of the club was changed to Vullneti Rrogozhinë, before being renamed to its current title of KF Egnatia 1998. The club secured its first championship title in 2024.
Witness to Apartheid
Witness to Apartheid is a 1986 American documentary film directed by  Sharon I. Sopher. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature.  Written by Sopher and Peter Kinoy, the film also won a Cine Golden Eagle. Sopher also won an Emmy Award for its direction.

Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature Film
The Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature Film is an award for documentary films. In 1941, the first awards for feature-length documentaries were bestowed as Special Awards to Kukan and Target for Tonight. They have since been bestowed competitively each year, with the exception of 1946. Copies of every winning film (along with copies of most nominees) are held by the Academy Film Archive.