hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bettina Renz
Bettina Renz is a German political scientist and Professor of International Security at the School of Politics and International Relations, University of Nottingham. Her major research expertise is post-Soviet Russian security and defence policy, military reform and civil-military relations. Since 2005, Renz has published numerous articles in academic journals describing the background and effects of changes in contemporary Russia's military. She is an editorial board member of the United States Army War College Press.

School of Politics and International Relations, University of Nottingham
The School of Politics and International Relations is an academic department at the University of Nottingham, England. It is housed in the Law and Social Sciences Building (LASS) together with Law and Sociology. The school runs nine undergraduate programmes, nine postgraduate programmes and have a 40-strong PhD community. Research activity in the school is ranked around 7 Institutes.

As of 2019 the head of school is Caitlin Milazzo.

In 2013 the department was chosen along with the University of Oxford and the University of Manchester to host the 2015 British Election Study. In the 2008 Research Assessment Exercise the Department's research was ranked in the top 10 departments of Politics in the country and 85% of the research was considered of international standard. The department ranks 12th in The Guardian's 2013 league table of Politics departments. The Complete University Guide ranked Nottingham 10th for Politics in 2013 and 13th for Politics in 2014.
Rygh
Rygh is a Norwegian surname. Notable people with this surname include:

Aase Texmon Rygh, (1925-2019) Norwegian sculptor

Anne Rygh Pedersen (born 1967), Norwegian politician

Evald Rygh (1842-1913), Norwegian politician

Karl Ditlev Rygh (1839-1915), Norwegian politician

Lauritz Kristian Nilssen Rygh (1874-1950), Norwegian politician

Oluf Rygh (1833-1899), Norwegian archaeologist, philologist and historian

Peder Strand Rygh (1800-1868), Norwegian politician

Lauritz Kristian Nilssen Rygh
Lauritz Kristian Nilssen Rygh (14 July 1874 – 1950) was a Norwegian journalist, newspaper editor and politician.

He was born in Stavanger to shoemaker Ole Nilssen Rygh and Anne Severine Larsdatter. He was editor of the newspaper Stavanger Aftenblad from 1921 to 1927. He was elected representative to the Stortinget for the periods 1931–1933, 1934–1936, and 1937–1945, for the Liberal Party. He died in 1950.
22nd Awit Awards
The 22nd Awit Awards were held on December 7, 2009 at the Filoil Flying V Arena, San Juan. They honored the achievements in the Philippine music industry for the year 2008.

Gary Valenciano led the nominations with thirteen. Rico Blanco and Jonathan Manalo followed with eight.  They were followed by Bamboo and Itchyworms with six nods.

The awards show was broadcast live through Ustream, an online video streaming service. Itchyworms won most of the awards with four. A two-hour concert was held right after the awards ceremony.

Filoil EcoOil Centre
Playtime Filoil Centre (sometimes shortened as Filoil Centre), previously known but still commonly referred to as Filoil EcoOil Centre, is an indoor arena located along Bonny Serrano Avenue in San Juan, Metro Manila, Philippines. The arena opened in 2006 as The Arena in San Juan and has hosted games for multiple sports leagues and international events.

The league's notable tenants include the Premier Volleyball League (PVL), National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), and the San Juan Knights of the Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League (MPBL). It is also home to the annual collegiate Filoil EcoOil Preseason Cup. Other leagues such as the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA) and the University Athletic Association of the Philippines (UAAP) have also hosted games at the venue on an occasional basis.
Singapore Township, Hyderabad
Singapore Township aka Sanskruti Township is an integrated township located in Pocharam, Hyderabad, Telangana, India. It is a joint venture between Andhra Pradesh Housing Board (APHB), now known as Telangana Housing Board and Singapore government body. The IT major, Infosys and Genpact has their campus close to the township.

Sanskruti Township (Singapore Class Integrated Township) is located in  Pochram, Ghatkesar, Hyderabad, near the INFOSYS SEZ Campus. The project contains residential apartments.

Genpact
Genpact Ltd. is an American information technology services, consulting, and outsourcing company headquartered in New York City, New York. Founded in Gurgaon, India, and legally domiciled in Bermuda, Genpact employs more than 125,000 people and provides services to clients in over 30 countries worldwide. Genpact is listed on the NYSE and generated revenues of US$5.08 billion in 2025.
Craig Estey
Richard Craig Estey is an American businessman, political donor and philanthropist. He is the founder and chairman of Nevada Restaurant Services, Inc. parent company to Dotty's, Bourbon Street, Hoover Dam Lodge, Laughlin River Lodge, La Villita, and Red Dragon an enterprise of taverns, hotels, and casinos with locations in Nevada and Montana. Nevada Restaurant Services, Inc. maintains the largest slot route in Nevada.

Bourbon Street
Bourbon Street (French: Rue Bourbon, Spanish: Calle de Borbón) is a historic street in the heart of the French Quarter of New Orleans. Extending twelve blocks from Canal Street to Esplanade Avenue, Bourbon Street hosts many bars and strip clubs.

Visitor numbers dropped after Hurricane Katrina in 2005, but gradually recovered over the following decade. The street receives millions of visitors each year.
Çaraq
Çaraq (also, Çarah and Karakh) is a village and municipality in the Davachi Rayon of Azerbaijan.  It has a population of 219.  The municipality consists of the villages of Çarah, Kyünçal, Təkyə, Hacıisgəndərli, Güləh, and Uqah.

Shabran District
Shabran District (Azerbaijani: Şabran rayonu) is one of the 66 districts of Azerbaijan. It is located in the northeast of the country, in the Guba-Khachmaz Economic Region. The district borders the districts of Khachmaz, Quba, Khizi and Siyazan. Its capital and largest city is Shabran. As of 2020, the district had a population of 59,900.
TT Circuit Assen
The TT Circuit Assen is a motorsport race track built in 1955 and located in Assen, Netherlands. Host of the Dutch TT, it is popularly referred to as "The Cathedral of Speed" by motorcycle racing fans. The venue has the distinction of holding the most Grand Prix motorcycle races every year (except 2020) since the series was created in 1949. It has a capacity of 110,000 spectators, including 60,000 seats. Since 1992, the circuit has also been part of the World SBK calendar except for the 2020 season.

Supercar Challenge (series)
The Supercar Challenge is a motor racing series centered on the Benelux. A special feature is that touring cars, GTs and Sportscars can all participate on an equal basis within the same class, enabled by very open regulations. The championship was first held in 2001, after replacing the Supercar Cup. From 2001 to 2011 the championship was called the Dutch Supercar Challenge, but due to interest from drivers, teams and tracks outside the Netherlands the organisers decided to drop 'Dutch' from its name on 11 February 2012.
David Tharckabaw
Phado Saw David Tharckabaw is Vice President and Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Karen National Union (KNU).

David Tharckabaw should not be confused with David Taw, who is the secretary of the KNU Peace Committee and also a member of a KNU delegation that negotiated peace with the Burmese government in January 2012.

Karen National Union
The Karen National Union (Burmese: ကရင် အမျိုးသား အစည်းအရုံး; abbreviated KNU) is a political organisation with an armed wing, the Karen National Liberation Army (KNLA), that represent the Karen people of Myanmar. It operates in mountainous eastern Myanmar and has underground networks in other areas of Myanmar where Karen people live as a minority group.

Some of the Karen, led primarily by the Karen National Union (KNU), have waged a war against the central government since early 1949. The aim of the KNU at first was independence. Since 1976 the armed group has called for a federal system rather than an independent Karen State.

The Karen conflict is the second longest internal war in the world after the Dagohoy rebellion in the Philippines, having been waged for 85 years until 1829.

In 2025, the Myanmar military junta designated the KNU as a terrorist organization.
Denver Dalley
Denver Collin Dalley is an American singer-songwriter based in Omaha, Nebraska.  He is best known for his collaboration with Bright Eyes frontman Conor Oberst in Desaparecidos, and has been involved in various other musical projects, including Statistics, Intramural, and PRESSERS.

Bright Eyes (band)
Bright Eyes is an American indie rock band founded in Omaha, Nebraska by singer-songwriter and guitarist Conor Oberst. It consists of Oberst, multi-instrumentalist and producer Mike Mogis, arranger, composer, trumpet and piano player Nate Walcott, and a rotating line-up of collaborators drawn primarily from Omaha's indie music scene.

Between 1998 and 2011, the band's albums were released through Saddle Creek Records, a Nebraska-based label founded by Justin Oberst (Conor's brother) and Mogis. In January 2020, the band announced their return, having signed with Dead Oceans. Their most recent album, Five Dice, All Threes, was released in September 2024.
Veralto
Veralto Corporation is an American technology company headquartered in Waltham, Massachusetts. It produces products related to water analytics, water treatment, marking and coding, and packaging and color.

The company operates two divisions: Water Quality (60% of 2024 revenues), focused on products for water analytics and water treatment, which includes Hach Company, Trojan Technologies, ChemTreat, and SeaBird Scientific; and Product Quality & Innovation (40% of 2024 revenues), focused on products for marking and coding, and packaging and color and includes Videojet, Linx, Esko, and X-Rite the latter of which is the parent company of Pantone.

In 2024, Veralto generated 48% of its sales in North America, 22% of its sales in Western Europe, and 30% of its sales in other locations.

The company ranked 647th and 1393rd  on the 2025 editions of the Fortune 500 and Forbes Global 2000, respectively.

Fortune 500
The Fortune 500 is an annual list compiled and published by Fortune magazine that ranks 500 of the largest United States corporations by total revenue for their respective fiscal years. The list includes publicly held companies, along with privately held companies for which revenues are publicly available. The concept of the Fortune 500 was created by Edgar P. Smith, a Fortune editor, and the first list was published in 1955. The Fortune 500 is more commonly used than its subset Fortune 100 or superset Fortune 1000.
Retro-Pulp Tales
RetrobyPulp Tales is a limited edition anthology published by Subterranean Press in 2006, edited by Joe R. Lansdale. It tied in winning the 2006 Bram Stoker Award for Best Anthology (the other winning title was "Mondo Zombie" edited by John Skipp).

It contains new stories written in the style of the pulp magazines of the early 20th century. Lansdale's guidelines for Retro Pulp Tales were basic: "Write a story in the vein of the old pulps ... that takes place before 1960, and with the restrictions of those times."

It includes contributions by Bill Crider, Stephen Gallagher, Melissa Mia Hall, Alex Irvine, Tim Lebbon, Kim Newman, Norman Partridge, Gary Phillips, James Reasoner, Al Sarrantonio, Chet Williamson, and F. Paul Wilson. This collection was issued as a trade hardcover, a numbered limited edition, and a lettered special edition. All issues have long since sold out.

Hardcover
A hardcover, hard cover, or hardback (also known as hardbound, and sometimes as casebound) book is one bound with rigid protective covers (typically of binder's board or heavy paperboard covered with buckram or other cloth, heavy paper, or occasionally leather). It has a flexible, sewn spine which allows the book to lie flat on a surface when opened. Modern hardcovers may have the pages glued onto the spine in much the same way as paperbacks. Following the ISBN sequence numbers, books of this type may be identified by the abbreviation Hbk.
Dynamic Multipoint Virtual Private Network
Dynamic Multipoint Virtual Private Network (DMVPN) is a dynamic tunneling form of a virtual private network (VPN) supported on Cisco IOS-based routers, Huawei AR G3 routers, and Unix-like operating systems.

DMVPN provides the capability for creating a dynamic-mesh VPN network without having to statically pre-configure all possible tunnel end-point peers, such as IPsec and ISAKMP peers. DMVPN is initially configured to build a hub-and-spoke network by statically configuring the hubs (VPN headends) on the spokes; no change in the configuration on the hub is required to accept new spokes. Using this initial hub-and-spoke network, tunnels between spokes are dynamically built on demand without additional configuration on the hubs or spokes. This dynamic-mesh capability alleviates the need for any load on the hub to route data between the spoke networks.

Border Gateway Protocol
Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is a standardized exterior gateway protocol designed to exchange routing and reachability information among autonomous systems (AS) on the Internet. BGP is classified as a path-vector routing protocol, and it makes routing decisions based on paths, network policies, or rule-sets configured by a network administrator.

BGP used for routing within an autonomous system is called Interior Border Gateway Protocol (iBGP). In contrast, the Internet application of the protocol is called Exterior Border Gateway Protocol (EBGP).
Norm Miller (politician)
Norman Allan Miller  (born 1956) is a politician in Ontario, Canada. He was a member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario, representing the riding of Parry Sound—Muskoka for the Progressive Conservative Party from 2001 to 2022. His father, Frank Miller, was also a Progressive Conservative MPP from the region for 11 years, and briefly served as Premier of Ontario in 1985.

Premier of Ontario
The premier of Ontario (French: premier ministre de l'Ontario) is the head of government of Ontario. Under the Westminster system, the premier governs with the confidence of a majority the elected Legislative Assembly; as such, the premier typically sits as a member of Provincial Parliament (MPP) and leads the largest party or a coalition of parties. As first minister, the premier selects ministers to form the Executive Council (provincial cabinet), and serves as its chair. Constitutionally, the Crown exercises executive power on the advice of the Executive Council, which is collectively responsible to the legislature.

Doug Ford is the 26th and current premier of Ontario. He took office on June 29, 2018, following the 2018 Ontario election where his Progressive Conservative (PC) party won a majority of seats in the Ontario Legislature.
2017 Los Cabos Open – Singles
Sam Querrey defeated Thanasi Kokkinakis in the final, 6–3, 3–6, 6–2 to win the singles tennis title at the 2017 Los Cabos Open. It was his ninth ATP Tour singles title.

Ivo Karlović was the defending champion, but lost in the first round to Quentin Halys.

Brydan Klein
Brydan Klein (born 31 December 1989) is an Australian-born British former professional tennis player. As a junior, Klein won the 2007 Australian Open and reached a career-high top five in the ITF junior rankings. However, Klein has struggled to make the transition onto the men's professional circuit, failing to enter the top 150 or gain entry into any Grand Slam event without being given a Wild card.

Klein competes mainly on the ATP Challenger Tour.
Florian Prantl
Florian Prantl was an Austrian luger who competed in the late 1970s and early 1980s. A natural track luger, he won two bronze medals in the men's doubles event at the FIL World Luge Natural Track Championships (1979, 1982).

Prantl also won a gold medal in the men's double event at the 1979 FIL European Luge Natural Track Championships in Aosta, Italy.

Aosta
Aosta (official French: Aoste; Valdôtain: Aoûta) is the principal city of the Aosta Valley, a bilingual region in the Alps, 110 km (68 mi) north-northwest of Turin, Italy. It is situated near the Italian entrance of the Mont Blanc Tunnel and the Great St Bernard Tunnel, at the confluence of the Buthier and the Dora Baltea, and at the junction of the Great and Little St Bernard Pass routes.
Drăgănești-Olt
Drăgănești-Olt (Romanian pronunciation: [drəɡəˌneʃtʲ ˈolt]) is a town in Olt County, Muntenia, Romania. The first document mentioning it is from 1526. Drăgănești-Olt became a town in 1968. The town administers one village, Comani.

Muntenia
Muntenia (Romanian pronunciation: [munˈteni.a], also known in English as Greater Wallachia) is a historical region of Romania, part of Wallachia (also, sometimes considered Wallachia proper, as Muntenia, Țara Românească, and the rarely used Valahia are synonyms in Romanian). It is situated between the Danube (south and east), the Carpathian Mountains (the Transylvanian Alps branch) and Moldavia (both north), and the Olt River to the west. The latter river is the border between Muntenia and Oltenia (or Lesser Wallachia). Part of the traditional border between Wallachia/Muntenia and Moldavia was formed by the rivers Milcov and Siret.
Soleiman Pakseresht
Soleiman Pakseresht (born 23 August 1972) is an Iranian sociologist and associate professor at Allameh Tabataba'i University whose work focuses on social impact assessment, political sociology and sociology of cyberspace. He previously taught at Bu-Ali Sina University.

Political sociology
Political sociology is an interdisciplinary field of study concerned with exploring how governance and society interact and influence one another at the micro to macro levels of analysis. Interested in the social causes and consequences of how power is distributed and changes throughout and amongst societies, political sociology's focus ranges across individual families to the state as sites of social and political conflict and power contestation.
The Final Mission of Extortion 17
The Final Mission of Extortion 17: Special Ops, Helicopter Support, SEAL Team Six, And The Deadliest Day of The U.S. War in Afghanistan is a book by Ed Darack. It was published on September 19, 2017. It describes the downing of Extortion 17, a U.S. Army CH-47D Chinook helicopter, in the Tangi Valley of Afghanistan's Maidan Wardak Province in the early hours of 6 August 2011. The book focuses on the helicopter's two pilots and three crew members.

Tangi Valley
Tangi Valley (also known as Wardak Valley or Tangi Wardak) is located in the south of Wardak Province in Afghanistan. Between 2009 and 2011 it was occupied by US forces, and became known for the large number of US troops killed there. It was considered an important area and hence was a focus of insurgent activity due to its proximity to Kabul, the capital of Afghanistan.

The 2011 Chinook shootdown took place in the Tangi Valley. The day was the single biggest loss of US lives in Afghanistan.

By 2014, the Taliban had taken over the valley, with the central government at the time no longer having presence or control.
Mother Nature's Son (album)
Mother Nature's Son is a studio album recorded by Ramsey Lewis which was released on Cadet Records in 1968. The album peaked at No. 3 on the Billboard Top Jazz Albums chart and No. 10 on the Billboard Top Soul Albums chart.

Ramsey Lewis
Ramsey Emmanuel Lewis Jr. (May 27, 1935 – September 12, 2022) was an American jazz pianist, composer, and radio personality. Lewis recorded over 80 albums and received five gold records and three Grammy Awards in his career. His album The In Crowd earned Lewis critical praise and the 1965 Grammy Award for Best Jazz Performance. His best known singles include "The 'In' Crowd", "Wade in the Water", and "Sun Goddess". Until 2009, he was the host of the Ramsey Lewis Morning Show on the Chicago radio station WNUA.

Lewis was also active in musical education in Chicago. He founded the Ramsey Lewis Foundation, established Ravinia's Jazz Mentor Program, and served on the board of trustees for the Merit School of Music and The Chicago High School for the Arts.
River Gee-2
River Gee-2 is an electoral district for the elections to the House of Representatives of Liberia. It is located in a central portion of River Gee County, bordering Grand Gedeh, Grand Kru, and Maryland counties.

Grand Kru County
Grand Kru County is a county in the southeastern portion of Liberia. One of 15 counties that comprise the first-level of administrative division in the nation, it has eighteen districts. Organized in 1984, its capital is Barclayville. The area of the county measures 1,504 square miles (3,900 km2). As of the 2008 Census, it had a population of 109,342, making it the third-least populous county in Liberia.

Grand Kru's County Superintendent is Rosalind Sneh. The county is bordered by River Gee County to the northeast, Sinoe County to the northwest, and Maryland County to the southeast. The southern part of Grand Kru borders the Atlantic Ocean.
Caucasus Military District
The Caucasus Military District (Russian: Кавказский военный округ, Kavkazskiy voenniy okrug) was a military formation of the Imperial Russian Army. It was created in 1865 as the successor to the Caucasus Army, and was dissolved in 1917.

Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich of Russia (born 1856)
Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich of Russia (Russian: Николай Николаевич Романов (младший – the younger); 18 November 1856 – 5 January 1929) was a Russian grand duke and World War I general, a son of Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich of Russia and a grandson of Emperor Nicholas I. He was commander-in-chief of the Imperial Russian Army units on the main front in the first year of the war, during the reign of his first cousin once removed, Emperor Nicholas II. Although held in high regard by Paul von Hindenburg, he struggled with the colossal task of leading Russia's war effort against Germany, including strategy, tactics, logistics and coordination with the government. After the Gorlice–Tarnów offensive in 1915, Tsar Nicholas replaced the Grand Duke as commander-in-chief of the army. He later was a successful commander-in-chief in the Caucasus region. He was briefly recognized as emperor in 1922 in areas controlled by the White movement in the Russian Far East.
Rebel Yellow
Rebel Yellow is a studio album by Cecil Otter, a founding member of Minneapolis indie hip hop collective Doomtree. Originally released on Doomtree Records in 2008, it was re-released on Strange Famous Records in 2009. Vita.mn placed the album at 8th on its list of the Best Local Albums of the 2000s.

Underground hip-hop
Underground hip-hop (also known as underground rap) is a scene and style of hip-hop music that is defined as being countercultural in nature, existing outside of and in contrast to the sounds, style and aesthetics of mainstream hip-hop. Despite this, underground artists have often reached widespread success and popularity through internet virality, critical acclaim, or appearances on the Billboard charts.

Originally associated with conscious, experimental and progressive rap, the term later shifted to refer to several trap-descendant internet rap scenes and music that emerged during the late 2000s and 2010s.