hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Single-subject rule
The single-subject rule is a rule in the constitutional law of some jurisdictions that stipulates that some or all types of legislation may deal with only one main issue. One purpose is to avoid complexity in acts, to avoid any hidden provisions that legislators or voters may miss when reading the proposed law.  Another is to prevent legislators attaching an unpopular provision ("rider") to an unrelated popular one, whether in the hope of sneaking the unpopular one through, or in the hope of causing the popular one to be rejected (a type of wrecking amendment). It also prevents log-rolling, whereby legislators trade votes with others to get them to vote for both bills.

Logrolling
Logrolling is the trading of favors, or quid pro quo, such as vote trading by legislative members to obtain passage of actions of interest to each legislative member. In organizational analysis, it refers to a practice in which different organizations promote each other's agendas, each in the expectation that the other will reciprocate. In an academic context, the Nuttall Encyclopedia describes logrolling as "mutual praise by authors of each other's work". Where intricate tactics or strategy are involved, the process may be called horse trading.
Jeffery–Williams Prize
The Jeffery–Williams Prize is a mathematics award presented annually by the Canadian Mathematical Society.  The award is presented to individuals in recognition of outstanding contributions to mathematical research. The first award was presented in 1968. The prize was named in honor of the mathematicians Ralph Lent Jeffery and Lloyd Williams.

Ralph Lent Jeffery
Ralph Lent Jeffery (3 October 1889 Overton, Yarmouth County, Nova Scotia, Canada – 1975 Wolfville, Nova Scotia)  was a Canadian mathematician working on analysis.

He taught at several institutions including Acadia University, the University of Saskatchewan and Queen's University.  Jeffery Hall at Queen's was named for him.  In 1937 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada.

In 1925 Jeffery exhibited a bounded function of two real variables, continuous in each, yet fails to have an integral.

In 1951 Jeffery published Theory of Functions of a Real Variable which was noted for its coverage of integration theory.
Louis Bastien (cyclist)
Eugène Louis Bastien (26 October 1881 in Paris – 13 August 1963) was a French racing cyclist and fencer who competed in the late 19th century and early 20th century. He participated in Cycling at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris and won the gold medal in the men's 25 kilometre race. He also competed in the individual épée event at the same games.

Épée
The épée (/ˈɛpeɪ, ˈeɪ-/, French: [epe]; lit. 'sword'), also rendered as epee in English, is the largest and heaviest of the three weapons used in the sport of fencing. The modern épée derives from the 19th-century épée de combat, a weapon which itself derives from the French small sword.

As a thrusting weapon, the épée is similar to a foil (contrasted with a sabre, which is designed for slashing). It has a stiffer blade than a foil. It is triangular in cross-section with a V-shaped groove called a fuller. The épée also has a larger bell guard designed to protect the user’s arm. In addition to the larger "bell" guard and blade, the épée weighs more than the foil and sabre which contributes to its reputation of being the slowest form of fencing. The techniques of use differ, as there are no rules regarding priority and a lack of right of way. Thus, immediate counterattacks are a common feature of épée fencing. The entire body is a valid target area.
Vejbystrand
For Vejby Strand in Denmark, see Vejby, Gribskov Municipality

Vejbystrand was previously a bimunicipal locality situated in Skåne County, Sweden with 2,721 inhabitants in 2010. The majority of its population lived in Ängelholm Municipality and a minority in Båstad Municipality. It is included in Ängelholm from 2015 on.

The most famous building in Vejbystrand was the kitchen/admin building of Kronprinsessan Victorias kustsanatorium, built in 1903. The building was taken down in May 2010 and will be replaced by apartments. Throughout the early and middle twentieth century Vejbystrand was a popular spot for patients with lung disease, especially tuberculosis, as Vejbystrand was known for its clean air coming from the coast.

Vejbystrand is a popular vacation area for Swedes and people visiting Sweden. There is one hotel (Vejby Strand Hotel) and one hostel and also many summer houses for rent.

Urban areas in Sweden
An urban area or tätort (lit. 'dense locality') in Sweden has a minimum of 200 inhabitants and may be a city, town or larger village. It is a purely statistical concept, not defined by any municipal or county boundaries. Larger urban areas synonymous with cities or towns (Swedish: stad for both terms) for statistical purposes have a minimum of 10,000 inhabitants. The same statistical definition is also used for urban areas in the other Nordic countries.

In 2018, there were nearly two thousand urban areas in Sweden, which were inhabited by 87% of the Swedish population.

Urban area is a common English translation of the Swedish term tätort. The official term in English used by Statistics Sweden is, however, "locality" (Swedish: ort). It could be compared with "census-designated places" in the United States.
Bourgeois revolution
Bourgeois revolution is a term used in Marxist theory to refer to a social revolution that aims to destroy a feudal system or its vestiges, establish the rule of the bourgeoisie, and create a capitalist state. In colonised or subjugated countries, bourgeois revolutions often take the form of a war of national independence. The Dutch, English, American, and French revolutions are considered the archetypal bourgeois revolutions, in that they attempted to clear away the remnants of the medieval feudal system, so as to pave the way for the rise of capitalism. The term is usually used in contrast to "proletarian revolution", and is also sometimes called a "bourgeois-democratic revolution".

Independence
Independence is a condition of a nation, country, or state, in which residents and population, or some portion thereof, exercise self-government, and usually sovereignty, over its territory. The opposite of independence is the status of a dependent territory or colony. The commemoration of the independence day of a country or nation celebrates when a country is free from all forms of colonialism; free to build a country or nation without any interference from other nations.
Al-Mahdi Abdallah
Al-Mahdi Abdallah (1793 – 28 November 1835) was an Imam of Yemen who ruled from 1816 to 1835. He belonged to the Qasimid family, who were descendants of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. From 1597 to 1962, the Qasimids dominated the Zaidi imamate of Yemen.

Zaydism
Zaydism (Arabic: الزَّيْدِيَّة, romanized: az-Zaydiyya), also referred to as Fiver Shi'ism, is a branch of Shia Islam that emerged in the eighth century following Zayd ibn Ali's unsuccessful rebellion against the Umayyad Caliphate. Zaydism is one of the three main branches of Shi'ism, the other two being Twelverism and Ismailism.

Zaydism is typically considered the Shia branch that is closest to Sunni Islam, although the "classical" form of Zaydism (usually referred to as Hadawi) historically changed its stance on Sunni and Shia traditions multiple times, to the point where Zaydis' simply accepting Ali as a rightful successor to Muhammad was enough to consider them Shia.

Zaydis regard rationalism as more important than Quranic literalism and historically were quite tolerant towards Shafi'i Sunnism, the jurisprudential school of about half of the Yemenis. Most of the world's Zaydis are located in northwestern Yemen and Najran in Saudi Arabia.
Hero Happy Hour
Hero Happy Hour is an American comic book co-created by writer Dan Taylor and artist Chris Fason. Like The Tick and, less satirically, Watchmen, it takes place in a universe of vaguely familiar costumed crime fighters. All stories unfold in First City at The Hideout Bar & Grill (Drink Specials For All Heroes) and usually feature genre savvy humor.

Tick (character)
The Tick is a superhero created by cartoonist Ben Edlund in 1986 as a newsletter mascot for the New England Comics chain of Boston-area comic book stores. The character is a parody of American comic book superheroes.

The character later spun off into an independent comic book series, multiple TV adaptations, and a video game. Various merchandise have also been based on the character. IGN's list of the Top 100 Comic Book Heroes of All Time ranked the Tick as No. 57.
Locomotives of Pakistan
The fleet of locomotives in Pakistan currently consists solely of diesel locomotives owned and operated by Pakistan Railways. Steam locomotives are no longer used in Pakistan, except in heritage trains. All locomotives are serviced at the Pakistan Locomotive Factory in Risalpur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

Risalpur
Risalpur (Pashto/Urdu: رسالپور) is a city in Nowshera District, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, on the Nowshera-Mardan Road. It is nearly 45 km from Peshawar and 18 km from Mardan and is located at 34°4'52N 71°58'21E. In a basin some 316 meters above sea level, it is bounded on the south and west by the Kabul and Kalpani rivers, respectively. The famous Khyber Pass lies 90 kilometers to the north.

Risalpur is known as "Home of Eagles" and "Home of Sappers". It has several important educational institutions and industrial plants. Languages spoken here are Urdu, English, Pashto, and others.

The Risalpur Export Processing Zone is on the main Nowshera-Mardan road. The Risalpur Cantonment itself lies on high ground, some 30 feet above the surrounding area, with the oldest building dating from 1913 or 1914. The population that mostly lives here are from mixed Pushtoon tribes.
Epstein–Barr virus nuclear-antigen internal ribosomal entry site
The Epstein–Barr virus nuclear-antigen internal ribosome entry site (EBNA IRES) is an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) that is found in an exon in the 5' untranslated region of the Epstein–Barr virus nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) gene. The EBNA IRES allows EBNA1 translation to occur under situations where initiation from the 5' cap structure and ribosome scanning is reduced. It is thought that the EBNA IRES is necessary for the regulation of latent-gene expression.

The EBNA IRES is located in the U leader exon, which is a portion of the mRNA of the Epstein–Barr virus common to all four EBNA1 transcripts.

Rfam
Rfam is a database containing information about non-coding RNA (ncRNA) families and other structured RNA elements.  It is an annotated, open access database originally developed at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute in collaboration with Janelia Farm, and currently hosted at the European Bioinformatics Institute. Rfam is designed to be similar to the Pfam database for annotating protein families.

Unlike proteins, ncRNAs often have similar secondary structure without sharing much similarity in the primary sequence.  Rfam divides ncRNAs into families based on evolution from a common ancestor. Producing multiple sequence alignments (MSA) of these families can provide insight into their structure and function, similar to the case of protein families.  These MSAs become more useful with the addition of secondary structure information. Rfam researchers also contribute to Wikipedia's RNA WikiProject.
Diedrichshagener Berg
The Diedrichshagener Berg, at 129.8 metres, is the highest point on the forested ridge of Kühlung in the northeast German state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.

It is located in the district of Rostock only roughly southeast of the Bay of Mecklenburg, south of the Baltic Sea coast, and immediately south of Kühlungsborn and roughly west of Bad Doberan.

View looking towards Kröpelin

On the Diedrichshagener Berg

Kühlungsborn
Kühlungsborn (German pronunciation: [kyːlʊŋsˈbɔɐ̯n] ⓘ) is a Seebad, an officially designated seaside resort town, in the Rostock district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. It is situated on the Baltic Sea coast, 11 km northwest of Bad Doberan, and 25 km northwest of Rostock.

The town has an elongate beach and promenade, many hotels in typical German spa town architecture and a marina. It is the largest seaside spa town in Mecklenburg.

Kühlungsborn is a place with long spa traditions. It was one of the early seaside resorts to be founded in Germany, dating back to the 1860s. While the bicycle is a popular way of transport, the Molli steam railway is a historic tourist attraction that also allows exploration the area. In summer, many people rent of the traditional Strandkorb on the beach, a covered chair protecting one from wind and sun.
Paddy Berry
Patrick Joseph Berry (born 12 October 1937) is an Irish traditional singer from Wexford, Ireland. Born and raised in Scar, Duncormick, Paddy Berry now lives in Drinagh, on the outskirts of Wexford Town. Paddy is a well known performer of local Wexford ballads, as well as a songwriter and song and folklore collector. He has made a major contribution to the revival of traditional music, song and dance in Ireland over the past fifty years.

Paddy has been a prominent member of Comhaltas Ceoltóirí Éireann for nearly five decades and has been involved in various cultural education initiatives. His very important contribution has been recognised by fellow musicians and also earned Paddy a special lifetime achievement award from the president of Ireland, Mary McAleese, in 2003.

Paddy Berry has published three recordings and three print collections of County Wexford Ballads.

Paddy is the second of nine children and his youngest brother Phil is also a well-known traditional singer.

Wexford
Wexford (Irish: Loch Garman [ˌl̪ˠɔx ˈɡaɾˠəmˠən̪ˠ]; archaic Yola: Weiseforthe) is the county town of County Wexford, Ireland. Wexford lies on the south side of Wexford Harbour, the estuary of the River Slaney near the southeastern corner of the island of Ireland. The town is linked to Dublin by the M11/N11 National Primary Route; and to Rosslare Europort, Cork and Waterford by the N25. The national rail network connects it to Dublin and Rosslare Europort.  It had a population of 21,524 according to the 2022 census.
2015 Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0
The 2015 Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0 season was a multi-event motor racing championship for open wheel, formula racing cars held across Europe. The championship featured drivers competing in 2 litre Formula Renault single seat race cars that conform to the technical regulations for the championship. The 2015 season was the 25th Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0 season organized by Renault Sport. The season began at Ciudad del Motor de Aragón on 25 April and finished on 18 October at Circuito de Jerez. The series formed part of the World Series by Renault meetings, with seventeen races at seven race meetings. The championship was won by British driver Jack Aitken.

Formula Renault Eurocup
Formula Renault Eurocup was a Formula Renault motor racing championship. Eurocup raced only on European circuits.

It served as a support series to the Formula Renault 3.5 Series as part of the World Series by Renault from 2005 to 2015. Renault Sport offered a prize of €500,000  to the winner of the Eurocup until 2015. Following the 2020 season, the Formula Renault Eurocup merged with the Formula Regional European Championship due to COVID-19 pandemic.
The Open Road
The Open Road is a 2009 comedy-drama film written and directed by Michael Meredith. It stars Justin Timberlake, Kate Mara, Jeff Bridges, and Mary Steenburgen and was produced by Anchor Bay Entertainment. Country singer Lyle Lovett and Harry Dean Stanton are also among the cast. Wim Wenders served as an executive producer.

Filming began in Hammond, Louisiana in February 2008, and continued in Memphis, Tennessee, at Whataburger Field in Corpus Christi, Texas, Houston, Texas and elsewhere in the southern United States. The film received a limited release on August 28, 2009.

Hammond, Louisiana
Hammond is the largest city in Tangipahoa Parish, Louisiana, United States, located 45 miles (72 km) east of Baton Rouge and 45 miles (72 km) northwest of New Orleans. Its population was 20,019 in the 2010 U.S. census, and 21,359 at the 2020 population estimates program.

Hammond is home to Southeastern Louisiana University. It is the principal city of the Hammond metropolitan statistical area, which includes all of Tangipahoa Parish and is a part of the Baton Rouge-Hammond combined statistical area.
Arsen Chilingaryan
Arsen Chilingaryan (Armenian: Արսեն Չիլինգարյան, 1965 - 14 May 2013) was a Soviet Armenian football defender.

Chilingaryan was born in Yerevan.  He made his debut in the Soviet Top League in 1984 for FC Ararat Yerevan. He managed Armenian clubs FC Van Yerevan, Gandzasar FC, FC Armavir, FC Kotayk, Ulisses FC and Armenia U-17. He died in Grenoble after a long illness.

Armenia national under-17 football team
The Armenia national under-17 football team is the national under-17 youth football team of Armenia. The team is based mostly on the young players from the league and competes every year to qualify for the FIFA U-17 World Cup and the UEFA European Under-17 Championship. The team played its first match in 1993, Armenia having, until 1992, been part of the USSR.
Cypress Lake (Lafayette, Louisiana)
Cypress Lake is a 2-acre (0.8 ha) swamp-like lake in the heart of the University of Louisiana at Lafayette campus that started as a prehistoric bison wallow. Today it is a unique university landmark that is a habitat for native irises, alligators, turtles, birds and fish, as well as a hangout for students and a point of interest for tourists visiting Lafayette, Louisiana. Cypress Lake is casually called "The Swamp," which is also the nickname of the Louisiana Ragin' Cajuns football stadium, officially named Cajun Field.

Iris versicolor
Iris versicolor or Iris versicolour is also commonly known as the blue flag, harlequin blueflag, larger blue flag, northern blue flag, and poison flag, plus other variations of these names, and in Great Britain and Ireland as purple iris.

It is a species of Iris native to North America, in Eastern Canada and the Eastern United States. It is common in sedge meadows, marshes, and along streambanks and shores. The specific epithet versicolor means "variously coloured".

It is one of the three Iris species in the Iris flower data set outlined by Ronald Fisher in his 1936 paper "The use of multiple measurements in taxonomic problems" as an example of linear discriminant analysis.
Tinnevely riot of 1908
The Tinnevely riot was an outbreak of violence which occurred in the town of Tinnevely in then Madras Presidency of British India on 17 March 1908. The outbreak was in response to the arrest and subsequent conviction of Indian nationalists Swadeshi Padmanabha Iyengar, Subramania Siva and V. O. Chidambaram Pillai.

V. O. Chidambaram Pillai
Vallinayagam Olaganathan Chidambaram Pillai  (5 September 1872 - 18 November 1936) was an Indian freedom fighter, lawyer, businessman, Tamil scholar, and politician. He founded the Swadeshi Steam Navigation Company in 1906 to compete against the monopoly of the British India Steam Navigation Company (BISNC). He launched the first indigenous Indian shipping service between Tuticorin in British India and Colombo in Ceylon. Once a member of the Indian National Congress, he was later charged with sedition by the British government and sentenced to life imprisonment, and his barrister license was revoked. He is known by the epithet Kappalottiya Tamizhan ("Tamil helmsman"). Tuticorin Port Trust, one of India's thirteen major ports, is named after him.
17th Critics' Choice Awards
The 17th Critics' Choice Awards were presented on January 12, 2012 at the Hollywood Palladium, honoring the finest achievements of 2011 filmmaking. The ceremony was broadcast on VH1, and hosted by Rob Huebel and Paul Scheer. The nominees were announced on December 13, 2011.

Rob Huebel
Robert Anderson Huebel (born June 4, 1969) is an American comedian and actor. He is best known for his sketch comedy work on the MTV series Human Giant and for his role of Dr. Owen Maestro on the Adult Swim series Childrens Hospital. He also appeared as Russell on the FX/FXX series The League and as Len Novak on the Amazon Prime Video series Transparent. In December 2022, Entertainment Weekly called Huebel "the premier d-bag character actor of his generation".
Pata, Galanta District
Pata (Hungarian: Vágpatta) is a village and municipality in Galanta District of  the Trnava Region of south-west Slovakia.
The village lies in central part of Danubian Lowland (in part called Danubian Upland) and in east–west part of Nitra Upland.
The area consists of a mild upland and a shallow valley Jác. The Jarčie watercourse flows through the village.
Nearby villages are Šoporňa, Báb, Pusté Sady, Šintava a Hájske. Pata lies 9 kilometres far from city of Sereď. Village is situated close to R1 expressway, which connect Trnava and Nitra.

Little Hungarian Plain
The Little Hungarian Plain or Little Alföld (Hungarian: Kisalföld [ˈkiʃɒlføld], Slovak: Malá dunajská kotlina, German: Kleine Ungarische Tiefebene) is a plain (tectonic basin) of approximately 8,000 km² in northwestern Hungary, south-western Slovakia (Podunajská nížina – Danubian Lowland), and eastern Austria. It is a part of the Pannonian plain which covers most parts of Hungary.
Polwarth, Scottish Borders
Polwarth (Scots: Polart) is a village and parish located in the Scottish Borders area of Scotland. It is located at grid reference NT745502, between Greenlaw and Duns, in the former county of Berwickshire.

Nearby places include the Blackadder Water, Fogo, Langston, Longformacus, Marchmont House and Marchmont Estate, all within the Scottish Borders Council Area.

Polwarth Parish Church was built in 1703, replacing a 13th-century building.
Polwarth Castle was located halfway between Polwarth village and Polwarth Parish Church.

One notable feature of Polwarth was the Polwarth Thorn, a thorn tree used in village festivities. Several verses and melodies have emerged in connection with it, such as:

At Polwarth on the green / Our forebears oft are seen / To dance about the thorn / When they got in their corn. -  Also: At Polwarth on the Green / If you'll meet me in the morn / Where lads and lasses do convene  /  To dance around the thorn.

Scottish Borders
The Scottish Borders (Scottish Gaelic: Crìochan na h-Alba; Scots: The Mairches), often shortened to the Borders within Scotland, is one of the country's 32 council areas. It is bordered by West Lothian, Edinburgh, Midlothian, and East Lothian to the north, the North Sea to the east, Dumfries and Galloway to the south-west, South Lanarkshire to the west, and the English ceremonial counties of Cumbria and Northumberland to the south. The area's largest settlement is Galashiels; its administrative centre is Newtown St Boswells.

The term "Scottish Borders" is also used for the areas of southern Scotland and northern England that bound the Anglo-Scottish border, namely Dumfries and Galloway, Scottish Borders, Northumberland, and Cumbria. The council area occupies approximately the same area as the historic shires of Berwickshire, Peeblesshire, Roxburghshire, and Selkirkshire.
Neil McEachin
Neil McEachin (January 28, 1900 – November 8, 1957) was an American lawyer, judge, and politician.

Born in Cavour, Forest County, Wisconsin, McEachin served in the United States Army briefly during World War I. He went to Marquette University from 1918 to 1921 and to Valparaiso University from 1921 to 1922. He was admitted to the Wisconsin bar and practiced law in Rhinelander, Wisconsin. He served as a municipal court judge until the Wisconsin Legislature abolished the court and created the Oneida County, Wisconsin court. In 1933, McEachin served in the Wisconsin State Assembly and was a Democrat. McEachin then worked for the United States Government in the Philippines. McEachin died in Los Angeles, California.

Oneida County, Wisconsin
Oneida County is a county in the state of Wisconsin, United States. At the 2020 census, the population was 37,845. The county seat is Rhinelander. The county is considered a high-recreation retirement destination by the U.S. Department of Agriculture.