hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Canon EF 14mm lens
The Canon EF 14mm f/2.8L USM is an ultra wide angle prime lens. It is the widest prime lens in the Canon EF series. Because it is corrected for a rectilinear projection, the field of view is less than that of the Canon 15mm fisheye.

The front element of the lens is so prominent that it does not allow use of filters on the front. Filters are instead mounted on the rear.

On August 20, 2007, Canon announced the EF 14mm f/2.8L II USM lens, which was released that October. This lens dramatically improved sharpness and chromatic aberration, and is especially good at close focusing distances. It has replaced the earlier lens.

Prime lens
In film and photography, a prime lens is a fixed focal length photographic lens (as opposed to a zoom lens), typically with a maximum aperture from f2.8 to f1.2. The term can also mean the primary lens in a combination lens system.
Confusion between these two meanings can occur without clarifying context. Alternate terms, such as primary focal length, fixed focal length, or FFL are sometimes used to avoid ambiguity.
Cp (Unix)
cp is a shell command for copying files and directories.

If the user has write access to a target file, the command copies the content by opening it in update mode. This preserves the file's inode instead of creating a new file with default permissions.

The command was part of Version 1 Unix, and is specified by POSIX. The implementation from GNU has many additional options beyond the POSIX specification. The command is bundled in GNU Core Utilities and is available in the EFI shell.

GNU
GNU (/ɡnuː/ ⓘ GNOO) is an extensive collection of free software (387 packages as of June 2025), which can be used as an operating system or can be used in parts with other operating systems. The use of the completed GNU tools led to the family of operating systems popularly known as Linux. Most of GNU is licensed under the GNU Project's own General Public License (GPL).

GNU is also the project within which the free software concept originated. Richard Stallman, the founder of the project, views GNU as a "technical means to a social end". Relatedly, Lawrence Lessig states in his introduction to the second edition of Stallman's book Free Software, Free Society that in it Stallman has written about "the social aspects of software and how Free Software can create community and social justice".
Middle Spring Presbyterian Church
The Middle Spring Presbyterian Church was built in the Province of Pennsylvania in 1738 by early Scotch Irish settlers. It has been mentioned frequently in the histories of the early days of Cumberland County, Pennsylvania and of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, in general.

Located in the small community of Middle Spring, Pennsylvania, on present-day Pennsylvania State Route 4001 (old Pennsylvania 696), it is situated two and six-tenths miles north of Shippensburg, Pennsylvania.

Franklin County, Pennsylvania
Franklin County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 155,932. Its county seat is Chambersburg.

Franklin County comprises the Chambersburg–Waynesboro, PA metropolitan statistical area, which is also included in the Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area. The county is part of the South Central region of the commonwealth.
Paralympic Committee of Montenegro
The Paralympic Committee of Montenegro (Montenegrin: Параолимпијски комитет Црне Горе / Paraolimpijski komitet Crne Gore) is the National Paralympic Committee in Montenegro for the Paralympic Games movement. It is a non-profit organisation that selects teams, and raises funds to send Montenegrin competitors to Paralympic events organised by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC).

Montenegrin language
Montenegrin (crnogorski / црногорски [tsr̩nǒɡorskiː]) is the standard variety of the Serbo-Croatian language mainly used by Montenegrins. It is the official language of Montenegro. Montenegrin is based on the most widespread dialect of Serbo-Croatian, Shtokavian, more specifically on Eastern Herzegovinian, which is also the basis of Standard Serbian, Croatian, and Bosnian.

The language used in Montenegro has historically and traditionally been called simply as Serbian. The idea of a Montenegrin standard language distinct from Serbian is a relatively recent political development that emerged in the late 1990s and early 2000s amid the breakup of Yugoslavia. It was closely associated with movements advocating Montenegrin independence from Serbia and Montenegro. Following independence, Montenegrin was designated the official language of Montenegro in 2007 with the adoption of a new constitution.
Małgosia Bela
Małgosia Bela (born Małgorzata Bela; 6 June 1977) is a Polish fashion model and actress. She made her debut as a runway model for Comme des Garçons, Givenchy, and Balenciaga in 1998, and appeared in various photoshoots for Vogue. In 2004, she made her film debut in the Polish film Ono, and in 2018 appeared in Luca Guadagnino's remake of  Suspiria.

Jeanne Lanvin
Jeanne-Marie Lanvin (French: [ʒan maʁi lɑ̃vɛ̃]; 1 January 1867 – 6 July 1946) was a French haute couture fashion designer. She founded the Lanvin fashion house and the beauty and perfume company Lanvin Parfums.
The Wiedmann Bible
The Wiedmann Bible depicts the complete Old and New Testament in images. The original includes 19 Leporello (concertina fold) books which contain 3,333 hand-painted images, and has a total length of 1.17 km (0.73 miles).  Created by the Stuttgart artist Willy Wiedmann over a period of 16 years (1984–2000). Wiedmann painted the Bible based on his Polycon Painting Style which he invented in the 1960s.

Pamphlet
A pamphlet is an unbound book (that is, without a hard cover or binding). Pamphlets may consist of a single sheet of paper that is printed on both sides and folded in half, in thirds, or in fourths, called a leaflet, or it may consist of a few pages that are folded and saddle stapled or sewn at the crease to make a simple book.

In the "International Standardization of Statistics Relating to Book Production and Periodicals", UNESCO defines a pamphlet as "a non-periodical printed publication of 5 to 48 pages, excluding covers, published in a specific country and available to the public," while a book is "a non-periodical printed publication of at least 49 pages, excluding covers." These definitions are intended solely for UNESCO's book production statistics.
2026 Liberal Party of Australia leadership spill
A leadership spill was held on 13 February 2026 to elect the leader of the Liberal Party of Australia, and by virtue, the leader of the Opposition. Former Shadow Minister Angus Taylor was elected, defeating incumbent leader Sussan Ley.

Taylor, a prominent member of the National Right party faction, resigned from Ley's shadow cabinet on 11 February, following his declaration that Ley was not "in a position to lead the party as it needs to be led". The spill motion was subsequently launched by Jess Collins and Phillip Thompson. Taylor announced his candidacy for the leadership on the morning of 12 February.

Following the spill, Ley announced her resignation as the MP for Farrer in "the next couple of weeks", triggering a by-election.

Ross Cadell
Ross Cadell (born 4 April 1969) is an Australian politician. He is a member of the National Party and was elected to the Senate on the Coalition's ticket in New South Wales at the 2022 federal election, to a term beginning on 1 July 2022. He was previously the state director of the party in New South Wales.
Rabbit Hill (Newbury Park)
Rabbit Hill, also referred to as Knoll Hill, is a 797-foot-high (243 m) hill located in Knoll Park (also known as Knoll Open Space), which is among the highest peaks in Newbury Park, California that are not parts of the Santa Monica Mountains. It is reached from a trailhead on North Reino Road, just across the road from the Pepper Tree Playfields, which provides hikers to Rabbit Hill with parking spaces. The sloping Knoll Trail (Pepper Tree Vista Trail) goes from N. Reino Rd. to the top of the knoll, which offers panoramic views of Newbury Park, Casa Conejo, Boney Mountain, Thousand Oaks and Conejo Mountain. The total park area is 21 acres (8.5 ha) including the hill, which is covered with coastal sage scrub and grassland.

Hillock
A hillock or knoll is a small hill, usually separated from a larger group of hills such as a range. Hillocks are similar in their distribution and size to small mesas or buttes. This particular formation occurs often in Great Britain and China. A similar type of landform in the Scandinavian countries goes by the name "kulle" or "bakke" (depending on the country) and is contrary to the above phenomena formed when glaciers polish down hard, crystalline bedrock of gneiss or granites, leaving a rounded rocky hillock with sparse vegetation.

One of the most famous knolls is the one near John F. Kennedy's point of assassination, the grassy knoll, in Dealey Plaza of downtown Dallas, Texas. It is the source of many prominent conspiracy theories regarding the circumstances of his assassination.

A "blind knoll" is either hidden or not readily apparent to those driving vehicles. There are road signs that warn of this, advising drivers to slow down.
Aksenovsky Pochinok
Aksenovsky Pochinok (Russian: Аксёновский Починок) is a rural locality, or village, in Ust-Alexeyevskoye Rural Settlement, Velikoustyugsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 15 as of 2002.

Vologda Oblast
Vologda Oblast (Russian: Вологодская область, romanized: Vologodskaya oblastʹ, IPA: [vəlɐˈɡotskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]; Veps: Vologdan agj) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is Vologda. The oblast has a population of 1,202,444 (2010 Census). The largest city is Cherepovets, the home of the Severstal metallurgical plant, the largest industrial enterprise in the oblast.

Vologda Oblast is home to many historic monuments, such as the Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery, Ferapontov Monastery (a World Heritage Site) with the frescoes of Dionisius, the two medieval towns of Velikiy Ustyug and Belozersk, and the baroque churches of Totma and Ustyuzhna.

Large reserves of wood and fresh water are the main natural resources.
Shorty Hughes
Travis Thurman "Shorty" Hughes (September 17, 1922 – June 6, 2003) was an American football coach and college athletics administrator. He served as the head football coach at Stephen F. Austin State University in Nacogdoches, Texas from 1962 to 1970, compiled a record of 38–48–1. Hughes was the head football coach at Humble High School in Humble, Texas in 1949 and Deer Park High School in Deer Park, Texas from 1952 to 1960.

Nacogdoches, Texas
Nacogdoches (/ˌnækəˈdoʊtʃɪs/ ⓘ NAK-ə-DOH-chis) is a city in East Texas and the county seat of Nacogdoches County, Texas, United States. As of the 2020 census, Nacogdoches had a population of 32,147. Stephen F. Austin State University is located in Nacogdoches and specializes in forestry and agriculture. Nacogdoches is also known as "The Oldest Town in Texas". Its sister city is Natchitoches, Louisiana.
1949–50 Rugby Union County Championship
The 1949–50 Rugby Union County Championship was the 50th edition of England's premier rugby union club competition at the time.

Cheshire won the competition for the first time after defeating East Midlands in the final.

Cheshire Rugby Football Union
The Cheshire Rugby Football Union (CRFU) is a rugby union governing body in the historic county of Cheshire and the Isle of Man. The union is the constituent body of the Rugby Football Union (RFU) for Cheshire. The CRFU administers and organises rugby union clubs and competitions in the county and administers the Cheshire county rugby representative teams.
Ralf Souquet
Ralf Souquet (/suːˈkɛ/ soo-KEH; born 29 November 1968) is a German professional pool player. His nickname is "The Kaiser". Souquet is considered one of the greatest pool players of all time.

Since 1988, he has won over 100 professional tournaments, including 23 Euro Tour titles, 20 European Pool Championship and 12 German Pool Championship. Souquet is a two-time world champion, winning the 2008 WPA World Eight-ball Championship and 1996 WPA World Nine-ball Championship.

Euro Tour
The Euro Tour is a series of professional pool events set around Europe, founded in 1992, and created by the European Pocket Billiard Federation. The Tour's first event was the Belgium Open, held on 29–31 May 1992. The event was won by Mika Immonen.

As of 2025, the Euro Tour has hosted 192 tournaments, currently in the discipline of 10-Ball, hosting between 1 and 6 events per year, since 2010.
Fred Young (Ohio politician)
Frederick N. Young (January 1, 1932 – January 12, 2006) was a member of the Ohio House of Representatives serving from 1969 to 1976. Young graduated from Harvard Law School and practiced law in his father's law firm. From 1993 to 2005, he served on the Ohio District Courts of Appeals He was part of the Republican Party.

Ohio District Courts of Appeals
The Ohio District Courts of Appeals are the intermediate appellate courts of the U.S. state of Ohio. The Ohio Constitution provides for courts of appeals that have jurisdiction to review final appealable orders. There are twelve appellate districts, each consisting of at least one county, and the number of judges in each district varies from four to twelve. Each case is heard by a three-judge panel. There are currently 69 courts of appeals judges as provided by statute. A court of appeals judge is an elected position, with a term of six years. The Ohio Supreme Court has the discretion to review cases from the courts of appeals, but generally the appeals process in Ohio ends with the decision of the court of appeals.
Deadly Class
Deadly Class is an American action comic book series written by Rick Remender, illustrated by Wes Craig, colored by Jason Wordie, and lettered by Rus Wooton. Deadly Class is set primarily in the 1980s and follows students enrolled at King's Dominion Atelier of the Deadly Arts, a secret boarding school in San Francisco, as they train to become the next generation of top assassins for crime families across the globe.

Image Comics has published Deadly Class on a mostly monthly basis since the first issue was released on January 22, 2014. It has taken numerous short breaks, and Remender announced the last storyline would take place from issue 49 through to issue 56.

A television adaptation aired on SyFy for one season from January 16 to March 20, 2019, before being cancelled on a cliffhanger.

Cancellation (broadcasting)
In broadcasting, cancellation refers to when a radio or television program is abruptly ended by orders of the network or syndicator that distributes the show, usually against the intentions of the show's creators or producers.

Programs are typically canceled for financial reasons; low viewership or listenership will lead to lower advertising or subscription revenue, prompting networks to replace it with another show with the potential to turn a larger profit.
Californication Tour
The Californication Tour was a worldwide concert tour by Red Hot Chili Peppers to support their seventh studio album Californication which saw the return of guitarist John Frusciante who rejoined the band in 1998 after quitting six years earlier.

A DVD documenting the tour titled Off the Map, which was made up of footage from different shows, was released in 2001.

Parallel Universe (song)
"Parallel Universe" is a radio promotional single by the Red Hot Chili Peppers from their 1999 album Californication and was released in 2001 as the album's sixth and final single. Although it never was released as a tangible CD single, it charted on the US Modern Rock Tracks at number 37 during the week of March 24, 2001, and appeared on Greatest Hits.
2007 IIHF World U18 Championships
The 2007 IIHF World U18 Championships was an ice hockey tournament held in Rauma and Tampere, Finland. The championships began on April 11, 2007, and finished on April 22, 2007. Games were played at Äijänsuo Arena in Rauma and Tampere Ice Stadium in Tampere. Russia defeated the United States 6–5 in the final to claim the gold medal, while Sweden defeated Canada 8–3 to capture the bronze medal.

Äijänsuo Ice Hall
Äijänsuo Ice Hall is an arena in Rauma, Finland. It is primarily used for ice hockey, and is the home arena of Lukko. It opened in 1970 and holds 5,400 people. The name of the arena was changed to "Lännen Puhelin Areena" in autumn 2006.
And it changed in year 2007 to DNA Areena, when DNA bought/formed with Lännen Puhelin. Now the name is "Kivikylän areena".
Opening match of the U18 World Championships will be played at Äijänsuo with Finland hosting Sweden.
SS Themis (1911)
Themis was a steam cargo ship built in 1911 by the William Doxford & Sons of Pallion for the Wabanas Dampskibskompani, a subsidiary of Nova Scotia Steel & Coal Company and managed by Wilhelm Wilhelmsen. She was named after Themis, Titaness of divine law and order.

Themis
In Greek mythology and religion, Themis (/ˈθiːmɪs/; Ancient Greek: Θέμις, romanized: Themis, lit. 'justice, law, custom') is the goddess and personification of justice, divine order, law, and custom. She is one of the twelve Titan children of Gaia and Uranus, and the second wife of Zeus. She is associated with oracles and prophecies, including the Oracle of Delphi.
Vertebrate Paleontology (book)
Vertebrate Paleontology is an advanced textbook on vertebrate paleontology by Alfred Sherwood Romer, published by the University of Chicago Press. It went through three editions (1933, 1945, 1966) and for many years constituted a very authoritative work and the definitive coverage of the subject. A condensed version centering on comparative anatomy, coauthored by T. S. Parson came in 1977, remaining in print until 1985. The 1988 book Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution by Robert L. Carroll is largely based on Romer's book.

The book provides a very detailed and comprehensive technical account of every main group of living and fossil vertebrates, though the mammal-like reptiles are covered in particular, these being Romer's main interest. At the rear of the book is a classification list which includes every genus known at the time of publication, along with locality and stratigraphic range.

Comparative anatomy
Comparative anatomy is a study of similarities and differences in the anatomy of different species. It is closely related to evolutionary biology and phylogeny (the evolution of species).

The science began in the classical era, continuing in the early modern period with work by Pierre Belon who noted the similarities of the skeletons of birds and humans.

Comparative anatomy has provided evidence of common descent, and has assisted in the classification of animals.
Cleburne County, Arkansas
Cleburne County (/ˈkliːbɜːrn/ KLEE-burn, historically /ˈkleɪbɜːrn/ KLAY-burn) is a county located in the north-central portion of the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 24,711. The county seat and most populous city is Heber Springs. The county was formed on February 20, 1883, making it the youngest of Arkansas's 75 counties. It is named for Confederate Major-General Patrick Cleburne. Cleburne is an alcohol-prohibition or dry county.

Dry county
In the United States, a dry county is a county whose local government forbids the sale of any kind of alcoholic beverages. Some prohibit off-premises sale, some prohibit on-premises sale, and some prohibit both. The vast majority of counties now permit the sale of alcohol in at least some circumstances, but some dry counties remain, mostly in the Southern United States; the largest number are in Arkansas, where 30 counties are dry.

A number of smaller jurisdictions also exist, such as cities, towns, and townships, which prohibit the sale of alcoholic beverages and are known as dry cities, dry towns, or dry townships. Dry jurisdictions can be contrasted with "wet" (in which alcohol sales are allowed and regulated) and "moist" (in which some sales of alcohol are permitted, or a dry county containing wet cities).
Gustaf Åkerman
Johan Gustaf Åkerman (4 March 1888 – 30 August 1959) was a Swedish economist who was Professor of Political Economy in what was to later become the University of Gothenburg.

He was the elder brother to Swedish economist Johan Henrik Åkerman. His work, in particular the Åkerman problem, played in an important role in the development of Wicksell's work on the role of capital. And was, according to Velupillai, one of the first to approach the problem of fixed capital as a joint product - work that was later developed by Piero Sraffa and John von Neumann

He was elected member of the Royal Society of Arts and Sciences in Gothenburg in 1938.

University of Gothenburg
The University of Gothenburg (Swedish: Göteborgs universitet) is a public university in Gothenburg, Sweden. Founded in 1891, the university is the third-oldest of the current Swedish universities and, with 53,624 students and 6,707 staff members, it is one of the largest universities in the Nordic countries.
Ibrahim Juma (footballer)
Ibrahim Sadam Juma (born 1 October 1993) is a Ugandan professional footballer who recently played midfielder for Uganda Premier League KCCA FC. He is known for his creativity, range of passing and finishing, he is also a free kick specialist. Juma has been capped by Uganda at international level.

Kampala Capital City Authority FC
Kampala Capital City Authority Football Club (Abbreviated as KCCA FC) and also known as Kampala City, is a Ugandan professional football club based in Kampala, the largest city and capital of Uganda. Kampala City Council was rebranded to Kampala Capital City Authority and the club title has been changed accordingly.  Many sources and news reports still refer to the club's traditional title, Kampala City Council Football Club, abbreviated as KCC.
Arkady Chernetsky
Arkady Mikhaylovich Chernetsky (Russian: Арка́дий Миха́йлович Черне́цкий; born May 8, 1950) is a Russian politician who served as Mayor of Yekaterinburg, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia from January 1992 to November 2, 2010.

Sverdlovsk Oblast
Sverdlovsk Oblast (Russian: Свердловская область, romanized: Sverdlovskaya oblast, [ʹsvʲɪrdˈlofskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]) is a federal subject (an oblast) of Russia located in the Ural Federal District. Its administrative center is the city of Yekaterinburg, formerly known as "Sverdlovsk". Its population is 4,268,998 (according to the 2021 Census).
Frances Byron, Baroness Byron
Frances, Baroness Byron (later Hay; née Berkeley; 1703 – 13 September 1757), was the second daughter of William Berkeley, 4th Baron Berkeley of Stratton (died 1740/1), and his wife Frances Temple (died 1707). She was the third wife of William Byron, 4th Baron Byron and a great-grandmother of the poet Lord Byron.

Lady Byron was one of 21 women of influence who signed Thomas Coram's petition of 1729, which led to the foundation of the Foundling Hospital. She is also known for sitting for the eighteenth-century artist William Hogarth (1697–1764), whose painting has been exhibited at the Foundling Museum, near Brunswick Square in London, as part of their "Ladies of Quality" exhibition.

Foundling Museum
The Foundling Museum in Brunswick Square, London, tells the story of the Foundling Hospital, Britain's first home for children at risk of abandonment. The museum houses the nationally important Foundling Hospital Collection as well as the Gerald Coke Handel Collection, an internationally important collection of material relating to Handel and his contemporaries. After a major building refurbishment, the museum was reopened to the public in June 2004.

The museum explores the history of the Foundling Hospital, which continues today as the children's charity Coram. Artists such as William Hogarth and the composer George Frideric Handel are central to the Hospital story and today the museum celebrates the ways in which creative people have helped improve children's lives for over 275 years. It is a member of The London Museums of Health & Medicine group.