hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cholesteryl oleyl carbonate
Cholesteryl oleyl carbonate (COC) is an organic chemical, a carbonate ester of cholesterol and oleyl alcohol with carbonic acid. It is a liquid crystal material forming cholesteric liquid crystals with helical structure. It is a transparent liquid, or a soft crystalline material with melting point around 20 °C. It can be used with cholesteryl nonanoate and cholesteryl benzoate in some thermochromic liquid crystals.

It is used in some hair colors, make-ups, and some other cosmetic preparations.

It can be also used as a component of the liquid crystals used for liquid crystal displays.

Carbonic acid
Carbonic acid is a chemical compound with the chemical formula H2CO3. The molecule rapidly converts to water and carbon dioxide in the presence of water. In contrast to early-twentieth century textbooks, numerous studies conducted since ca. 1990 identified H2CO3 as a real molecule with a distinct Raman spectrum and with a first-order life-time of ca. 20 ms at 37 °C. Solid anhydrous carbonic acid has also been isolated.

The interconversion of carbon dioxide and carbonic acid is related to the breathing process of all aerobic organisms and to the acidification of natural waters.
Reflectometry
Reflectometry is a general term for the use of the reflection of waves or pulses at surfaces and interfaces to detect or characterize objects, sometimes to detect anomalies as in fault detection and medical diagnosis.

There are many different forms of reflectometry. They can be classified in several ways: by the used radiation (electromagnetic, ultrasound, particle beams), by the geometry of wave propagation (unguided versus wave guides or cables), by the involved length scales (wavelength and penetration depth in relation to size of the investigated object), by the method of measurement (continuous versus pulsed, polarization resolved, ...), and by the application domain.

Interface (matter)
In the physical sciences, an interface is the boundary between two spatial regions occupied by different matter, or by matter in different physical states. The interface between matter and air, or matter and vacuum, is called a surface, and studied in surface science. In thermal equilibrium, the regions in contact are called phases, and the interface is called a phase boundary. An example for an interface out of equilibrium is the grain boundary in polycrystalline matter.
NMS Bucovina
NMS Bucovina, named SMS Sava in Austro-Hungarian Navy service, was the lead ship of the Sava-class river monitors built by Stabilimento Tecnico Triestino of Linz between 1914 and 1915. She served in the Austro-Hungarian Danube Flotilla until 1918, and after a brief service in the Yugoslav Navy, she was assigned to the Romanian Navy. Serving with the Romanian Danube Flotilla in World War II, she ran aground near Ostrovul Ciocănești on 1 September 1944. She was recovered on 16 September and confiscated by the Soviets receiving the name Izmail. Returned to Romania in 1951, she was moved to reserve in 1957, then scrapped in 1959.

Giurgiu
Giurgiu (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈdʒjurdʒju] ⓘ; Bulgarian: Гюргево, romanized: Gyurgevo; Turkish: Yergöğü) is a city in southern Romania. The seat of Giurgiu County, it lies in the historical region of Muntenia. It is situated amongst mud-flats and marshes on the left bank of the Danube facing the Bulgarian city of Ruse on the opposite bank. It is one of six Romanian county seats lying on the river Danube. Three small islands face the city, and a larger one shelters its port, Smarda. The rich grain-growing land to the north is traversed by a railway to Bucharest, the first line opened in Romania, which was built in 1869 and afterwards extended to Smarda. In the past, Giurgiu exported timber, grain, salt and petroleum, and imported coal, iron, and textiles.

The Giurgiu-Ruse Friendship Bridge, in the shared Bulgarian-Romanian section of the Danube, crosses the river in the outskirts of the city.
Ludvigs Bolšteins
Ludvigs Bolšteins (February 5, 1888 – June 21, 1940) was a Latvian general. From 1925 to 1928 Bolšteins was commander of the Aizsargi home guard, from 1928 to 1940 commander of the Latvian border guard. He killed himself following the Soviet occupation of Latvia.

Border guard
A border guard of a country is a national security agency that ensures border security. Some of the national border guard agencies also perform coast guard (as in Germany, Italy or Ukraine) and rescue service duties.
Ajeé Wilson
Ajeé Wilson (/ˈɑːdʒeɪ/ AH-jay; born May 8, 1994) is an American middle-distance runner who specializes in the 800 meters. She is the 2022 World indoor champion at the 800 meter distance, after earning silver medals in 2016 and 2018. Wilson won bronze medals at both the 2017 and 2019 World Athletics Championships. She is the second-fastest American of all time in the event with a time of 1m 55.61s, and she holds North American indoor record.

Wilson won titles in the 800 m at both the 2011 World Youth Championships and 2012 World Junior Championships. Her winning time of 2:00.91 at the latter is the fourth-fastest time run by a high schooler behind Mary Cain, Kim Gallagher, and Natalie Dumas.

2022 World Athletics Indoor Championships
The 18th World Athletics Indoor Championships were held from 18 to 20 March 2022 in Belgrade, Serbia.

Ethiopia headed the medal table, with 4 gold medals. United States won the most medals, with 19, as well as getting the second highest number of golds, with 3.
Hit!
Hit! is a 1973 American action thriller film directed by Sidney J. Furie and starring Billy Dee Williams and Richard Pryor.  It is about a federal agent trying to destroy a drug zone after his daughter dies from a heroin overdose.

An alternate title for the film was Goodbye Marseilles.

Drug overdose
A drug overdose (overdose or OD) is the ingestion or application of a drug or other substance in quantities much greater than are recommended. Typically the term is applied for cases when a risk to health is a potential result. An overdose may result in a toxic state or death.
Karelides
The Karelides are an ancient mountain chain located between Eastern Finland and Lapland. It forms the current hill zone of Eastern Finland and Lapland's arctic hills, splitting central Finland. The Karelides formed about two billion years ago, when thick sandstone formations were tilted and folded during an orogeny involving a collision of continental plates. Subsequent erosion has left a ridge of resistant quartzite, which has stood there for millions of years. The Karelides were once around 4km high but have been all but eroded to the point where only a peneplain remains.

The mountains in the north-west corner of Finnish Lapland belong to the more recent Scandinavian Mountains and are higher than other Finnish mountains. The third mountain group is the Svecofennides, which run from Southern Finland to Sweden.

Mountain chain
A mountain chain is a row of high mountain summits, a linear sequence of interconnected or related mountains, or a contiguous ridge of mountains within a larger mountain range. The term is also used for elongated fold mountains with several parallel chains ("chain mountains").

While in mountain ranges, the term mountain chain is common, in hill ranges a sequence of hills tends to be referred to a ridge or hill chain.

Elongated mountain chains occur most frequently in the orogeny of fold mountains, (that are folded by lateral pressure), and nappe belts (where a sheetlike body of rock has been pushed over another rock mass). Other types of range such as horst ranges, fault block mountain or truncated uplands rarely form parallel mountain chains. However, if a truncated upland is eroded into a high table land, the incision of valleys can lead to the formations of mountain or hill chains.
St Andrews Catholic College
St Andrew's Catholic College, is an independent, Roman Catholic, co-educational, P-12 school, located in Redlynch, Cairns, Queensland, Australia. It is administered by the Queensland Catholic Education Commission, with an enrolment of 1,565 students and a teaching staff of 122, as of 2023. The school serves students from Prep through to Year 12.

AFL Queensland Schools Cup
The AFL Queensland Schools Cup is an Australian rules football competition organised by the AFL Queensland, contested by schools from across the state of Queensland.

Founded in 2016 it consists of a knockout tournament starting from several regional tournaments finalizing to a state championship series held at the Maroochydore Multisports Complex. Since its inception, it has continuously generated a great amount of participation, recently having 745 teams competing for the 2024 competition.
Apostles (Manichaeism)
Mani, the founder of Manichaeism, had 12 Apostles like Jesus.

These are some of the known apostles.

Mar Ammo, Apostle to the Sogdians

Mar Sisin, the first Manichaean Pope

possibly Mar Zaku, who may alternatively have been in the second generation

Mar Adda, who preached in the Roman Empire

Mar Sisin
Mar Sisin, (Syriac: Mār Sîsin, ?–291/292), also known as Sisinnius (Latin: Sisinnius), was one of the twelve Apostles of the founder of Mani. He was one of the most influential Manichaeans in the early church, as he served as a core figure of the early church and was the first Manichaean Archegos, the head of the Manichaean religion.
Anh and Chi
Anh and Chi is a Vietnamese restaurant in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. It has received Bib Gourmand status. Previously known and founded as Pho Hoang until 2016, the restaurant is currently owned by three known members of the Nguyen family: Executive chef Ly Nguyen, Amelie Nguyen and Vincent Nguyen. The name of the restaurant means "Brother and Sister" in Vietnamese.

Chef de cuisine
A chef de cuisine (French pronunciation: [ʃɛf.də.kɥi.zin], French for head of kitchen) also called CDC or head chef, is a chef who leads a kitchen and its cooks. A chef patron (feminine form chef patronne) (French for boss chef) or executive chef is a chef that manages multiple kitchens and their staff.
Sema Kaygusuz
Sema Kaygusuz (born August 29, 1972, in Samsun, Turkey) is a novelist, playwright, essayist, and short story writer from Turkey. Her work has been translated into English, Italian, German, French, Swedish, and Norwegian. She won a Yunus Nadi Award in 2016 for her novel Laughter of the Barbarian. Among other accolades, she is a recipient of the Cevdet-Kudret-Literature Award, the France-Turquie Literary Award, and was named laureate of the German Friedrich Rückert Prize. The English translation of her novel Yüzünde Bir Yer (Every Fire You Tend) won both the TA First Translation Prize and an English PEN Award. She currently resides in Istanbul.

As a screenwriter, she co-wrote the screenplay for the 2008 film Pandora's Box (Turkish: Pandora'nın Kutusu) with director Yeşim Ustaoğlu.

Samsun
Samsun is a city on the north coast of Turkey and a major Black Sea port. The urban area recorded a population of 738,692 in 2022. The city is the capital of Samsun Province which has a population of 1,382,376. The city is home to Ondokuz Mayıs University, several hospitals, three large shopping malls, Samsunspor football club, an opera house and a large and modern manufacturing district. The city is best known as the place where Mustafa Kemal Atatürk began the Turkish War of Independence in 1919.
Toplu Konutlar (M3, Istanbul Metro)
Toplu Konutlar is an underground rapid transit station on the M3 line of the Istanbul Metro. It is located on Kayaşehir Boulevard in the Kayabaşı district of Başakşehir. It was opened on 8 April 2023 with the Onurkent-Kayaşehir Merkez expansion built by the Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure.

Kayabaşı, Başakşehir
Kayabaşı is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Başakşehir, Istanbul Province, Turkey. Its population is 111,395 (2022). It was formerly known as Ayayorgi (from Greek: Άγιος Γεώργιος, "St. George") and Azatlı until the Greco-Turkish population exchange of 1923.

Kayabaşı was a district of Bakırköy until 1987 then it was a quarter of Küçükçekmece where was a part of the Çatalca kaza until 1908. By the last change of administrative division of İstanbul in 2009 it is a quarter of Başakşehir.
Merrill D. Rawding
Merrill Denzil Rawding (May 8, 1905 – June 13, 2004) was a Canadian politician. He represented the electoral district of Queens in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1945 to 1953. He was a member of the Nova Scotia Liberal Party.

Born in 1905 at East Jordan, Nova Scotia, Rawding was the son of Thomas Melbourne and Sara Jane Whitman (Cameron) Rawding. He married Elizabeth Spurr. He entered provincial politics in the 1945 election, winning the Queens riding by 341 votes. In July 1947, Rawding was appointed to the Executive Council of Nova Scotia as Minister of Highways and Public Works. He was re-elected in the 1949 election. Rawding was defeated by Progressive Conservative W. S. Kennedy Jones when he ran for re-election in 1953. Rawding ran again in the 1956 election, but Jones was re-elected by 93 votes. Rawding died on June 13, 2004.

1949 Nova Scotia general election
The 1949 Nova Scotia general election was held on 9 June 1949 to elect members of the 44th House of Assembly of the province of Nova Scotia, Canada. It was won by the Liberal party. The Progressive Conservatives returned to the legislature after their wipeout in the 1945 general election, but their eight seats put them in a distant second place to the Liberals' 37.
Hun and po
Hun and po are types of souls in Chinese philosophy and traditional religion. Within this ancient soul dualism tradition, every living human has both a hun spiritual, ethereal, yang soul which leaves the body after death, and also a po corporeal, substantive, yin soul which remains with the corpse of the deceased. Some controversy exists over the number of souls in a person; for instance, one of the traditions within Daoism proposes a soul structure of sanhunqipo (三魂七魄), i.e., "three hun and seven po". The historian Yü Ying-shih  describes hun and po as "two pivotal concepts that have been, and remain today, the key to understanding Chinese views of the human soul and the afterlife".

Yu Ying-shih
Yu Ying-shih (Chinese: 余英時; 22 January 1930 – 1 August 2021) was a Chinese-born American historian, sinologist, and the Gordon Wu '58 Professor of Chinese Studies, Emeritus, at Princeton University. He was known for his mastery of sources for Chinese history and philosophy, his ability to synthesize them on a wide range of topics, and for his advocacy for a new Confucianism. He was a tenured professor at Harvard University and Yale University before his time at Princeton.

He was the elder brother of philosopher, educator, and university president Paul Yu.
Francisco de Zúñiga Avellaneda y Velasco
Francisco de Zúñiga Avellaneda y Velasco (around 1475 - Valladolid, 5 October 1536), member of the House of Zúñiga, III Count of Miranda del Castañar, XII Lord of Avellaneda and other towns, was a Spanish noble and politician. He was Viceroy of Navarre (1522-1527), member of the Council of State of the Catholic Monarchs and of Charles I of Spain, Mayordomo mayor of the Empress Isabella of Portugal, Grandee of Spain and a Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece.

Isabella of Portugal
Isabella of Portugal (Portuguese and Spanish: Isabel de Portugal; 24 October 1503 – 1 May 1539) was the empress consort of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, King of Spain, Archduke of Austria, and Duke of Burgundy. She was Queen of Spain and Germany, and Lady of the Netherlands from 10 March 1526 until her death in 1539, and became Holy Roman Empress and Queen of Italy in February 1530. She acted as regent of Spain during her husband's long absences.
Malone Creek
Malone Creek is a stream in southern  Bollinger County in the U.S. state of Missouri. The stream is a tributary of the Castor River within the Castor River Diversion Channel.

The stream headwaters arise approximately one mile west of Leopold and the stream flows generally to the southeast. The stream passes between the communities of Glennon and Drum as it enters the flat land along the Castor River.

Malone Creek bears the name of a local family.

Glennon, Missouri
Glennon is an unincorporated community in the eastern part of Liberty Township in Bollinger County, Missouri, United States.

This Catholic community was established in 1928, and was named for Archbishop John J. Glennon, who served as the Roman Catholic Archbishop of St. Louis from 1903 until his death in 1946.
In Town Tonight (film)
In Town Tonight is a 1935 British musical film directed by Herbert Smith and starring Jack Barty, Dave Apollon and Billy Merrin. It was made by British Lion at Beaconsfield Studios.

The film's art direction was by Andrew Mazzei.

Beaconsfield Film Studios
Beaconsfield Film Studios is a British television and film studio in Beaconsfield, Buckinghamshire. The studios were operational as a production site for films in 1922, and continued producing films - and, later, TV shows - until the 1960s. Britain's first talking movie was recorded there, as were films starring British actors Gracie Fields, Peter Sellers and John Mills.

Since 1971 it has been the home of the National Film and Television School, an internationally recognized postgraduate school for film and TV production, famous as the birthplace of the animated characters Wallace and Gromit.
Todd the Dinosaur
Todd the Dinosaur written and drawn by Patrick Roberts, is an American gag-a-day comic strip about a 7-year-old Tyrannosaurus attending elementary school. Being only second graders, his classmates accept Todd as they would anyone else. The strip first appeared in 2001 in The Oklahoman and is published by King Features Syndicate. It has also appeared in Record-Journal, Herald News and San Francisco Chronicle. It participated in the second Earth Day comic event of King Features. During one day, 37 of their creators used their comics to advance an environmental theme.

Record-Journal
The Record-Journal is an American daily newspaper based in Meriden, Connecticut, that dates back to the years immediately following the American Civil War. It was owned by the Record-Journal Publishing Company, a family-owned business entity, until it was sold to Hearst Communications Connecticut Media Group in November 2023.
Amida (Mesopotamia)
37°58′55″N 40°12′38″E﻿ / ﻿37.98194°N 40.21056°E﻿ / 37.98194; 40.21056

Amida (Greek: Ἄμιδα, Syriac: ܐܡܝܕ, Kurdish: Amed) was an ancient city in Upper Mesopotamia located where modern Diyarbakır, Turkey now stands.

The city was located on the right bank of the Tigris. The walls are lofty and substantial, and constructed of the recycled stones from older buildings.

Tigris
The Tigris (/ˈtaɪɡrɪs/ TY-griss; see below) is the eastern of the two great rivers that define Mesopotamia, the other being the Euphrates. The river flows south from the mountains of the Armenian Highlands through the Syrian and Arabian Deserts, before merging with the Euphrates and reaching to the Persian Gulf.

The Tigris passes through historical cities such as Mosul, Tikrit, Samarra and Baghdad. It is also home to archaeological sites and ancient religious communities, including the Mandaeans, who use it for baptism. In ancient times the Tigris nurtured the Assyrian Empire, with remnants such as the relief of King Tiglath-Pileser.

Today the Tigris faces modern threats from geopolitical instability, dam projects, poor water management and climate change, leading to concerns about its sustainability. Efforts to protect and preserve the river's legacy are ongoing, with local archaeologists and activists working to safeguard its future.
Salikram Jaiswal
Saligram Jaiswal (9 December 1907 – 28 December 1981) was a freedom fighter and socialist politician from Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh in India. He was also a Health Minister in the Government of Uttar Pradesh, under Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna, though he resigned from his position in 1974 after the government reinstated land revenue for land holdings up to 6.25 acres. He died on 28 December 1981 in Allahabad.

Freedom fighter
A freedom fighter is a person engaged in a struggle to achieve political freedom, particularly against an established government. The term is typically reserved for those who are actively involved in armed or otherwise violent rebellion.
1906 Ohio Green and White football team
The 1906 Ohio Green and White football team was an American football team that represented Ohio University as an independent during the 1906 college football season. In its first season under head coach Arthur McFarland, the team compiled a 7–1 record and outscored opponents by a total of 158 to 28.

1906 college football season
The 1906 college football season was the first in which the forward pass was permitted. Although there was no clear cut national championship, there were two teams that had won all nine of their games as the 1906 season drew to a close, the Princeton Tigers and the Yale Bulldogs, and on November 17, 1906, they played to a 0–0 tie.  St. Louis University finished at 11–0–0.  The Helms Athletic Foundation, founded in 1936, declared retroactively that Princeton had been the best college football team of 1906. Other selectors recognized Yale as the national champions for 1906.
Kacharu Lal Hemraj Jain
Kacharu Lal Hemraj Jain was a member of the 6th Lok Sabha of India. He represented the Balaghat constituency of Madhya Pradesh and is a member of the Republican Party of India (Khobragade) political party.

Republican Party of India (Khobragade)
The Republican Party of India (Khobragade)  is a political party in India, a splinter group of the Republican Party of India and named for its leader, B. D. Khobragade. Sunil Harishchand Ramteke is the national president.

RPI(K) has now united with all other factions of the RPI, except Prakash Ambedkar's Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha, to form  Republican Party of India (United).
Serra de Cavalls
Serra de Cavalls is a mountain chain located at the southern end of the Catalan Pre-Coastal Range, Catalonia, Spain.
The ridge's highest point is Punta Redona (659.2 m). This mountain range lies within the Benissanet, Gandesa and El Pinell de Brai municipal term. On the northern side are two ridges of parallel foothills called Serra del Pebre and Serra de Santa Madrona. Its northern prolongation is known as Serra de la Vall de la Torre.

Benissanet
Benissanet (Catalan pronunciation: [benisaˈnet]) is a municipality in the comarca of Ribera d'Ebre in the province of Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain. It has a population of 1,186 (register office, 2024) .
1975 Pot Black
The 1975 Pot Black was a professional invitational snooker tournament, which took place between 28 and 31 December 1974 in the Pebble Mill Studios in Birmingham, and featured eight professional players. All matches were one-frame shoot-outs.

Broadcasts were on BBC2 and started at 19:50 on Saturday 4 January 1975. Alan Weeks presented the programme with Ted Lowe as commentator and Sydney Lee as referee.

Dennis Taylor made his debut in this year's tournament and went on to reach the final losing to defending champion Graham Miles 81–27, making him the third player in a row to win back to back titles after John Spencer and Eddie Charlton.

Sydney Lee (snooker player)
Sydney Raphael Lee (25 April 1910 – 10 November 1986) was an English professional billiards and snooker player. He was four times a quarter-finalist in the World Snooker Championship during the first half of the twentieth century. He was a snooker referee on Pot Black. He was the game consultant for a 1970 episode of Steptoe and Son entitled "Pot Black" and, as well as performing a number of trick shots was the stand-in for many of the more difficult regular shots seen in the show.