hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Edson River
The Edson River is a minor river in west-central Alberta, Canada.  The river, like the nearby town of Edson, is named for Edson Joseph Chamberlin (1852–1924), a Vice-President and General Manager of the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway. Chamberlain also acted as the President of the Grand Trunk Railway.

Grand Trunk Pacific Railway
The Grand Trunk Pacific Railway (reporting mark GTP) was a historic Canadian transcontinental railway running from Fort William, Ontario (now Thunder Bay) to Prince Rupert, British Columbia, a Pacific coast port. East of Winnipeg the line continued as the National Transcontinental Railway (NTR), running across northern Ontario and Quebec, crossing the St. Lawrence River at Quebec City and ending at Moncton, New Brunswick. The Grand Trunk Railway (GTR) managed and operated the entire line.

Largely constructed 1907–1914, the GTPR operated 1914–1919, prior to nationalization as the Canadian National Railway (CNR). Despite poor decision-making by the various levels of government and the railway management, the GTPR established local employment opportunities, a telegraph service, and freight, passenger and mail transportation.
2005 J&S Cup
The 2005 J&S Cup was a Tier II event on the 2005 WTA Tour that run from 25 April 25 until 1 May 2005. It was held on outdoor clay courts in Warsaw, Poland, and was the 10th year that the event was staged. Unseeded Justine Henin-Hardenne won her first Warsaw title and second overall of the year.

Tatiana Perebiynis
Tatiana Yurevna Perebiynis (Ukrainian: Тетяна Юріївна Перебийніс; born 15 December 1982) is a former professional tennis player from Ukraine.

She reached the Wimbledon junior girls' singles final in 2000, and won the Wimbledon juniors doubles final that same year.

In 2008, she reached her career-high ranking of world No. 55.
Jay Trophy
The Jay Trophy (Nepali: जय ट्रफि) is a premier domestic multi day cricket championship played in Nepal. It was organized annually by the Cricket Association of Nepal (CAN). This tournament featured the top four teams from the Prime Minister Cup.

The inaugural season held at the Shree Ram Janaki International Cricket Stadium in Janakpur and at the Narayani Cricket Ground in Birgunj, Madhesh Province.

Janakpur
Janakpur or Janakpurdham (Maithili: जनकपुर), is the capital city of Madhesh Province in Nepal. This sub-metropolitan city is a central hub for the Maithili language, as well as for religious and cultural tourism in Nepal.

The city was founded in the early 18th century but was retrospectively designated as the location of the capital of the Videha kingdom and the birthplace of Hindu deity Sita, although there is no archaeological evidence to support this.

Janakpur is located about 225 km (140 mi) southeast of Kathmandu. As of 2021, the city had a population of 195,438, with a density of 2,125/km2. Janakpur is currently the fourth most densely populated city in Nepal. Janakpur is located about 23 km from the Bhitthamore border with India. Nepal Railways operates a service between Janakpur and Jainagar in India.
Konstantin Tserpitsky
Konstantin Vikentyevich Tserpitsky (December 11, 1849 – November 14, 1905) was a Russian commander, lieutenant general, participant in the campaigns of 1873, 1875–1876, 1878 and 1880 in Turkestan, the Chinese campaign of 1900–1901 and the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905. He distinguished himself during the suppression of the Boxer Uprising (1900–1901). Brother of General Tserpitsky V.V., who died during the defense of Port Arthur.

Turkestan
Turkestan, also spelled Turkistan, is a historical name for the region of Asia lying between the Caspian Sea to the west, Siberia to the north, the Gobi Desert to the east, and Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Tibet to the south. Turkestan is primarily inhabited by Turkic peoples, as well as Russian and Tajik-Persian minorities. It is subdivided into West Turkestan, which historically belonged to the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union, and East Turkestan (identified either with the Tarim Basin/Southern Xinjiang or with Xinjiang as a whole), which forms part of China.

Throughout history, the region has been exposed to the invasion of several different groups and kingdoms, including the Huns, Hepthalites, Bactrians, Imperial China, Arab Caliphate,  Hellenistic Macedonian Empire, Achaemenid Empire,  as well as various Turkic states and the Mongol Empire. The Qara Khitai also briefly controlled a significant bulk of Turkestan.
Notorious (opera)
Notorious is an opera in five acts and 22 scenes by Hans Gefors based on a Swedish-language libretto from Kerstin Perski after Alfred Hitchcock's 1946 film Notorious. The opera premiered at Göteborg Opera in September 2015 with Nina Stemme in the leading role which had been played in the film by fellow Swede Ingrid Bergman. Gefors had previously composed full-length stage works for the Royal Swedish Opera (Christina, 1986), for Wiesbaden Opera (Der Park, 1992), and for the centenary of the Opéra-Comique at the Salle Favart in Paris (Clara,  1998).

Nina Stemme
Nina Maria Stemme (born Thöldte, 11 May 1963) is a Swedish dramatic soprano opera singer.

Stemme "is regarded by today's opera fans as our era's greatest Wagnerian soprano". In 2010, Michael Kimmelman wrote of one of Stemme's performances in Richard Wagner's opera Die Walküre, "As for Brünnhilde, Nina Stemme sang gloriously. It's hard to recall anyone's sounding more commanding or at ease in the part, and that includes Kirsten Flagstad".
Ali Mohammad Naini
Ali Mohammad Naini (Persian: علی محمد نائینی, born 1957 in Kashan) is a Second brigadier general and spokesperson of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps who has served since 2024 by Hossein Salami. He is a professor of social sciences and faculty member at Imam Hossein University. The United Kingdom sanctioned Naini following the October 2024 Iranian strikes on Israel.

Kashan
Kashan (Persian: کاشان; [kɒːˈʃɒːn] ⓘ) is a city in the Central District of Kashan County, in the northern part of Isfahan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district. Kashan is one of the oldest cities in Iran and is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world.
Federico Capasso
Federico Capasso (born 1949) is an Italian-American applied physicist and is one of the inventors of the quantum cascade laser during his work at Bell Laboratories. He is currently on the faculty of Harvard University.

Franklin Institute
The Franklin Institute is a science museum and a center of science education and research in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It is named after the American scientist and statesman Benjamin Franklin. It houses the Benjamin Franklin National Memorial. Founded in 1824, the Franklin Institute is one of the oldest centers of science education and development in the United States. Its chief astronomer is Derrick Pitts.
Antiochia Lamotis
Antiochia Lamotis (Greek: Αντιόχεια η Λαμωτίς), Antiochia in Isauria (Αντιόχεια της Ισαυρίας), or Antiochia super Cragum is a Hellenistic city in ancient Cilicia, Anatolia at the mouth of Lamos (or Lamus) river. The site is on the coast a few kilometers southwest of Erdemli, Mersin Province, Turkey.

During Roman times, it was the capital of the Lamotis Region, Cilicia. The town also bore the name Lamus or Lamos (Λάμος). The river is mentioned by Stephanus of Byzantium, and both the river and the town by Strabo and Ptolemy. The river, which is otherwise of no importance, formed the boundary between Cilicia Aspera and Cilicia Propria.

The town later became the seat of a bishop; no longer a residential bishopric, it remains a titular see in the Roman Catholic Church under the name of Lamus.

Mersin Province
Mersin Province (Turkish: Mersin ili), formerly İçel Province (İçel ili), is a province and metropolitan municipality in southern Turkey, on the Mediterranean coast between Antalya and Adana. Its area is 16,010 km2, and its population is 1,916,432 (2022). The provincial capital and the biggest city in the province is Mersin, which is composed of four municipalities and district governorates: Akdeniz, Mezitli, Toroslar and Yenişehir. Next largest is Tarsus, the birthplace of Paul the Apostle. The province is considered to be a part of the geographical, economical and cultural region of Çukurova, which covers the provinces of Mersin, Adana, Osmaniye and Hatay.
Hazipur Union
Hazipur Union (Bengali: হাজীপুর ইউনিয়ন) is a union parishad situated at Magura Sadar Upazila,  in Magura District, Khulna Division of Bangladesh. The union has an area of 32.40 square kilometres (12.51 sq mi) and as of 2001 had a population of 29,291. There are 10 villages and 9 mouzas in the union.

Khulna Division
Khulna Division (Bengali: খুলনা বিভাগ) is the second largest of the eight divisions of Bangladesh. It has an area of 22,285 km2 (8,604 sq mi) and a population of 17,416,645 at the 2022 Bangladesh census (preliminary returns). Its headquarters and largest city is Khulna city in Khulna District.
Serres (regional unit)
Serres (Greek: Περιφερειακή ενότητα Σερρών) is one of the regional units of Greece, in the geographic region of Macedonia. It is part of the Region of Central Macedonia. Its capital is the city of Serres. The total population reaches just over 150,000.

Regional units of Greece
The 74 regional units of Greece are the country's third-level administrative units (counting decentralized administrations as first-level). They are subdivisions of the country's 13 regions, and are further divided into municipalities.

They were introduced as part of the Kallikratis administrative reform on 1 January 2011 and are comparable in area and, on the mainland, coterminous with the "pre-Kallikratis" prefectures of Greece.
Trois crayons
Trois crayons (French: [tʁwɑ kʁɛjɔ̃]; French for 'three pencils') is a drawing technique using three colors of chalk: red (sanguine), black (a type of oil shale), and white. The paper used may be a mid-tone such as grey, blue, or tan. Among numerous others, French painters Antoine Watteau and François Boucher drew studies of figures and drapery aux trois crayons. The technique was, most notably, pioneered and popularised by the Flemish master Peter Paul Rubens.

Aux deux crayons uses only two colors, frequently black and white, as seen in many of Pierre-Paul Prud'hon's drawings.

Chalk
Chalk is a soft, white, porous, sedimentary carbonate rock. It is a form of limestone composed of the mineral calcite and originally formed under the sea by the accumulation and lithification of hard parts of organisms, mostly microscopic plankton, which had settled to the sea floor. Chalk is common throughout Western Europe, where deposits underlie parts of France, and steep cliffs are often seen where they meet the sea in places such as the Dover cliffs on the Kent coast of the English Channel.

Chalk is mined for use in industry, such as for quicklime, bricks and builder's putty, and in agriculture, for raising pH in soils with high acidity. It is also used for "blackboard chalk" for writing and drawing on various types of surfaces, although these can also be manufactured from other carbonate-based minerals, or gypsum.
Tyler v. Cain
Tyler v. Cain, 533 U.S. 656 (2001) is a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that the rule established under Cage v. Louisiana (1990), where the Court held certain jury instructions unconstitutional because the words used did not suggest the degree of proof required by the "beyond a reasonable doubt" standard, was not "made retroactive to cases on collateral review by the Supreme Court." Tyler is the primary case regarding the retroactivity of new rules to successive habeas petitions.

Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996
The Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 (AEDPA), Pub. L. 104–132 (text) (PDF), 110 Stat. 1214, enacted April 24, 1996, was introduced to the United States Congress in April 1995 as a Senate Bill (S. 735). The bill was passed with broad bipartisan support by Congress in response to the 1996 Oklahoma City bombing. It was signed into law by President Bill Clinton.

Controversial for its changes to the law of habeas corpus in the United States, the AEDPA also contained a number of provisions to "deter terrorism, provide justice for victims, provide for an effective death penalty, and for other purposes."
South Western Times
The South Western Times is a weekly English language newspaper published for Bunbury and the South West region in Western Australia.

The newspaper was first published in 1888 and was originally titled the Southern Advertiser. The name was changed later the same year to the Southern Times and in 1917 it became the South Western Times.

The newspaper also published an annual state pictorial feature with a goal of promoting the South-West, the South Western Times Illustrated Annual. The 1947 issue featured scenes of the Pemberton pool's carnival day, forestry and other industries. The 1952 issue had prints of views in Collie and Denmark, content on cows, schools and fire controls.

The distribution area includes many towns in the South West, including Bunbury, Boyanup, Capel, Donnybrook, Collie, Harvey, Balingup and Darkan. The paper is published every Thursday and in 2019 has a circulation of 6,300 and a readership of 19,000.

Denmark, Western Australia
Denmark is a coastal town located on Wilson Inlet in the Great Southern region of Western Australia, 423 kilometres (263 mi) south-south-east of the state capital of Perth. At the 2016 census, Denmark had a population of 2,558; however, the population can be several times the base population during tourist seasons.
Quipile
Quipile is a municipality and town of Colombia in the Tequendama Province of the department of Cundinamarca. The municipality borders Bituima and Vianí in the north, Jerusalén and Anapoima in the south, Anolaima, Cachipay and La Mesa in the east and San Juan de Rioseco and Pulí in the west. The urban centre is located at an altitude of 2,012 metres (6,601 ft) at a distance of 83 kilometres (52 mi) from the capital Bogotá.

Departments of Colombia
Colombia is a unitary republic made up of thirty-two administrative divisions referred to as departments (Spanish: departamentos, sing. departamento) and one Capital District (Distrito Capital). Departments are country subdivisions and are granted a certain degree of autonomy. Each department has a governor (gobernador) and an Assembly (Asamblea Departamental), elected by popular vote for a four-year period. The governor cannot be re-elected in consecutive periods.

Departments are formed by a grouping of municipalities (municipios, sing. municipio). Municipal government is headed by mayor (alcalde) and administered by a municipal council (concejo municipal), both of which are elected by popular vote for four-year periods.
Ricky Brabec
Richard William "Ricky" Brabec (born 21 April 1991) is an American professional off-road and rally raid motorcycle racer. He is prominent for being the first American competitor to win the motorcycle division of the Dakar Rally in 2020. He won the Dakar again in 2024.

Rally raid
Rally raid is a type of off-road motorsport event competed with different types of vehicles. Along with shorter baja rallies, rally raid constitutes cross-country rallying. Both the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) and Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme (FIM) co-organise a common World Rally-Raid Championship featuring the same events and types of vehicles.

The length of a rally raid can be as short as 2–3 days to as long as 15 days with marathon rally raids like the Dakar Rally. With skill in navigation being key, the driving skill and endurance of riders, drivers, co-drivers, and machines are put to the test. The total distance covered can be between 600 km to over 5,000 km with terrain ranging from sandy dunes, forest roads, mountain roads, and dry river beds; among others.
Salvatore Cazzetta
Salvatore "Sal" Cazzetta (born c. 1954), also known as "La Barbe" ("the Beard"), is a Canadian former outlaw biker and gangster who founded the Rock Machine Motorcycle Club and later joined the Hells Angels following the Quebec Biker War. He was also a longtime associate of the Rizzuto crime family of Montreal.

Gangster
A gangster (informally gangsta) is a criminal who is a member of a gang. Most gangs are considered to be part of organized crime. Gangsters are also called mobsters, a term derived from mob and the suffix -ster. Gangs provide a level of organization and resources that support much larger and more complex criminal transactions than an individual criminal could achieve. Gangsters have been active for many years in countries around the world. Gangsters are the subject of many novels, films, television series, and video games.
Francis McInerney
McInerney, Francis was a Gaelic footballer from Doonbeg County Clare. He won a Munster Senior Football Championship as captain in 1992 when Clare had a surprise win over Kerry in the final.

At club level he played with Doonbeg and had much success. He won Clare Senior Football Championship in 1988, 1991, 1995, 1996, 1998, 1999 and 2001, he also won a Munster Senior Club Football Championship and played in losing finals in 1991 and 1999.

Doonbeg
Doonbeg (Irish: An Dún Beag, meaning 'small fort') is a village in west County Clare, Ireland on the Atlantic coast. The surrounding natural environment has supported its development as a tourist resort. The area was officially classified as part of the West Clare Gaeltacht, an Irish-speaking community, until 1956.
Brown Bay, Antarctica
Brown Bay (66°17′S 110°33′E﻿ / ﻿66.283°S 110.550°E﻿ / -66.283; 110.550) is a cove just to the southeast of Casey Station on Bailey Peninsula, Budd Coast. It was photographed by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump, 1946–47, the Soviet Antarctic Expedition, 1956, and the Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions, 1956. It was named by the Antarctic Names Committee of Australia for A.M. Brown, senior engineer with the Antarctic Division, Melbourne, a member of the team which planned and supervised the construction of Casey Station.

Australian Antarctic Names and Medals Committee
The Australian Antarctic Names and Medals Committee (AANMC) was established to advise the Government on names for features in the Australian Antarctic Territory and the subantarctic territory of Heard Island and the McDonald Islands. The committee also issues nominations Governor General for the award of the Australian Antarctic Medal.

Committee members were appointed by the Minister or Parliamentary Secretary responsible for Antarctic matters. The committee was founded in 1952 as the Antarctic Names Committee of Australia,  and changed to the current name in 1982 to reflect the multiple functions that the committee is responsible for. The committee was replaced by the Australian Antarctic Division Place names Committee in 2015.
Balkovec
Balkovec is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Frank Balkovec (born 1959), Canadian football player

Jure Balkovec (born 1994), Slovenian footballer

Rachel Balkovec (born 1987), American baseball coach

Frank Balkovec
Frank Balkovec (born November 26, 1959) is a former professional Canadian football linebacker who played for eight seasons for the Edmonton Eskimos, Calgary Stampeders, and Ottawa Rough Riders. He was drafted first overall in the 1984 CFL draft by the BC Lions. He played college football for the Toronto Varsity Blues.
Rao Shoukun
Rao Shoukun (Chinese: 饶守坤; 30 September 1915 – 14 September 2006) was a founding lieutenant general (zhongjiang) of the People's Liberation Army (PLA). He was a representative of the 11th and 12th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party. He was a delegate to the 5th and 6th National People's Congress.

12th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party
The 12th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party was convened from September 1–11, 1982. The path of modernization through socialism was laid out. 1,600 delegates and 160 alternate delegates represented the party's 39.65 million members. It was preceded by the 11th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, and succeeded by the 13th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party. It coincided with the time in which leader Deng Xiaoping was Chairman of the Central Advisory Commission.
Papua New Guinea at the Olympics
Papua New Guinea first participated at the Olympic Games in 1976, and has sent athletes to compete in every Summer Olympic Games since then, except when the nation participated in the American-led boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics. The nation has never won a medal and has never participated in the Winter Olympic Games.

Swimmer Ryan Pini is the country's most successful athlete to date, having reached the final of the men's 100 metre butterfly event at the 2008 Summer Olympics.

The National Olympic Committee for Papua New Guinea was created in 1973 and recognized by the International Olympic Committee in 1974.

Ryan Pini
Ryan John Pini MBE (born 10 December 1981 in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea) is a 4-time Olympic swimmer from Papua New Guinea. He swam for PNG at the 2004, 2008, 2012, and 2016 Olympics; also serving as the PNG flagbearer in 2008 and 2016. He is the first PNG swimmer ever to reach an Olympic final.

Pini competes for the Boroko Swim Club.
Mayda Del Valle
Mayda Del Valle is an American slam poet.

She was raised in Chicago's South Side, the daughter of Puerto Rican parents, Carmen, a homemaker, and Alejandro, a forklift operator.

Del Valle first performed slam poetry at New York's Nuyorican Poet's Café. She later won the 2001 Nuyorican Grand Slam Champion and the 2001 National Slam Poet individual title. She worked on Def Poetry Jam for four seasons as writer and was a cast member in Russell Simmons' Def Poetry Jam on Broadway.

She has been featured in The New York Times and Latina magazine.

Oprah Winfrey's O, The Oprah Magazine magazine selected Del Valle as one of 20 women on the publication's first "O Power List."

In May 2009, First Lady Michelle Obama and President Barack Obama asked Del Valle to perform at the White House's Evening of Poetry, Music, and the Spoken Word.

Del Valle was also a judge on the HBO television film of the 2010 Brave New Voices slam poetry competition.

Latina (magazine)
Latina was an American women's fashion magazine for published in English by Latina Media Ventures.

In May 2010, Latina Media Ventures named editorial director Galina Espinoza and publisher Lauren Michaels co-presidents of the company. Latina was named to Adweek's "Hot List" in 2000 and 2001 and named Best Magazine by Advertising Age in 2000.
Lucie Doležalová
Lucie Doležalová (born 3 July 1977) is a Czech medievalist, philologist, literary scholar and translator. She specializes in Latin literature and manuscript culture of the late Middle Ages, particularly the manuscripts by the Czech scribe Crux of Telč (1434–1504), mnemonics (the art of memory), colophons, and obscure texts.

Literary theory
Literary theory is the systematic study of the nature of literature and of the methods for literary analysis. Since the 19th century, literary scholarship includes literary theory and considerations of intellectual history, moral philosophy, social philosophy, and interdisciplinary themes relevant to how people interpret meaning. In the humanities in modern academia, the latter style of literary scholarship is an offshoot of post-structuralism. Consequently, the word theory became an umbrella term for scholarly approaches to reading texts, some of which are informed by strands of semiotics, cultural studies, philosophy of language, and continental philosophy, often witnessed within Western canon along with some postmodernist theory.