hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Donovan Richards
Donovan J. Richards Jr. (born April 9, 1983) is an American politician serving as the Borough President of Queens. He is also a former New York City Council member, having represented the 31st district. He is a member of the Democratic Party.

His former district includes portions of Arverne, Bayswater, Broad Channel, Cambria Heights, Edgemere, Far Rockaway, Howard Beach, Jamaica, John F. Kennedy International Airport, Laurelton, Rockaway Beach, Rosedale, South Ozone Park and Springfield Gardens in Queens.

Richards was the Democratic nominee for Queens Borough President in the November 3, 2020 general election. He defeated the Republican nominee Joann Ariola and independent candidate Dao Yin. Richards was sworn in as Queens Borough President on December 2, 2020.

Laurelton, Queens
Laurelton is a largely middle-class neighborhood in the New York City borough of Queens and part of the former town of Jamaica. Merrick Boulevard, which bisects the community in a generally east–west direction, forms its commercial spine. It is bounded by Springfield Boulevard to the west, 121st Avenue to the north, Laurelton Parkway to the east, and Conduit Avenue to the south.

Laurelton is located in Queens Community District 13; its ZIP Codes are 11413 and 11422. It is patrolled by the New York City Police Department's 105th Precinct.
Pushkinogorsky District
Pushkinogorsky District (Russian: Пушкиного́рский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-four in Pskov Oblast, Russia. It is located in the center of the oblast and borders with Ostrovsky District in the north, Novorzhevsky District in the east, Opochetsky District in the south, and with Krasnogorodsky District in the west. The area of the district is 1,059 square kilometers (409 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Pushkinskiye Gory. Population: 9,253 (2010 Census); 11,694 (2002 Census); 13,566 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Pushkinskiye Gory accounts for 56.4% of the district's total population.

Pskov Oblast
Pskov Oblast (Russian: Пско́вская о́бласть, romanized: Pskovskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast), located in the west of the country. Its administrative center is the city of Pskov. As of the 2021 Census, its population was 599,084.
Madan Singh
Madan Singh (born 4 December 1964) is an Indian former long-distance runner who competed up to the marathon distance. He is currently serving in Border Security Force (B.S.F). From the state of Rajasthan, he represented India at 1991 South Asian Games in Colombo and won a bronze medal in the 5000 metres.

In the 31st All India Inter-State Athletics Championship in New Delhi in 1993, he came first in the 10,000 metres run with a time of 29:26:00 to post a new meet record that was only beaten 14 years later by Surendra Singh in 2006.

Singh represented India at the IAAF World Cross Country Championships on three occasions, running in 1992, 1993 and 1994.

1993 IAAF World Cross Country Championships
The 1993 IAAF World Cross Country Championships was held in
Amorebieta, Spain, at the Jaureguibarría Course on March 28, 1993.
A report on the event was given in The New York Times and in the Herald.

Complete results for senior men, junior men, senior women, junior women, medallists, 
 and the results of British athletes were published.
Bandila
Bandila (transl. flag) is a Philippine television news broadcasting show broadcast by ABS-CBN. Originally anchored by Korina Sanchez, Henry Omaga-Diaz and Ces Drilon, it aired on the network's Primetime Bida line up from July 3, 2006, to March 17, 2020, replacing ABS-CBN Insider and was replaced by The World Tonight. Julius Babao and Karen Davila served as the final anchors.

Television in the Philippines
Television in the Philippines was introduced in October 1953 with the first commercial broadcast by Alto Broadcasting System (now called ABS-CBN). This made the Philippines the first Southeast Asian country, and the second Asian country, to air television broadcasts. During the late 1940s, Filipino engineers and students conducted academic experiments related to broadcasting.

From 1975 to 1978, the Philippine Academy for Television Arts and Sciences (PATAS) presented the SINAG Awards.

The Star Awards for Television, the country's oldest existing television awards, are presented annually by the Philippine Movie Press Club (PMPC) after a voting by members of the press.

The Philippines does not operate any independent public broadcasting television networks. However, there are several government-owned networks.
Nat King Cole & Me
Nat King Cole & Me is the fifth studio album by American jazz musician and singer Gregory Porter. He sings songs that were either recorded by or inspired by Nat King Cole, whom Porter has cited as an important part of his childhood and an influence on his career. The tracks were arranged by Vince Mendoza for a 70 piece orchestra and recorded at AIR Studios in London, England. It is the first time Porter recorded with a full orchestra. The album was released by Blue Note Records and Decca Records on October 27, 2017.

Jeff Simon of The Buffalo News compared the album to Both Sides Now by Joni Mitchell. Other reviewers felt Porter's voice was stronger on big band songs rather than the slower numbers.

Associated Independent Recording
Associated Independent Recording (AIR) is an independent recording company founded in London in 1965 by record producers George Martin, John Burgess, Ron Richards, and Peter Sullivan. In 1970 the company established its own professional audio recording facilities, AIR Studios.
Extinction of African languages due to colonialism
The extinction of African languages due to colonialism is the gradual disappearance of indigenous African tongues under the pressure of European colonial rule and its legacy. Africa is home to one of the greatest linguistic diversities in the world, with estimates ranging from 1,500 to 3,000 languages spoken across the continent. However, UNESCO now records roughly 2,500 endangered languages worldwide, with nearly 428 considered threatened in Africa alone, and warns that up to 10% of African languages may vanish within a century.

European powers tended to promote only their own languages (and a few dominant African lingua francas) in administration, education and media. Over subsequent decades, this created a lasting hierarchy of prestige in which English, French or Portuguese dominate, leaving local languages sidelined. UNESCO notes that fewer than 20% of pupils in Francophone Africa are taught in their mother tongue, a factor limiting educational attainment.

Hausa language
Hausa (/ˈhaʊsə/; in Hausa: Harshen/Halshen Hausa listenⓘ /hawˈsa/; Ajami: هَرْشٜىٰن هَوْسَا‎) is a Chadic language spoken primarily by the Hausa people in Niger (where it is the sole official language, having replaced French in 2025) and in the northern parts of Nigeria, Ghana, Cameroon, Benin and Togo and the southern parts of Chad. It is also spoken by a significant minority in Ivory Coast and a small number of speakers in Sudan.

Hausa is a member of the Afroasiatic language family and is the most widely spoken language within the Chadic branch of that family. Hausa is tonal, using relative pitch both to distinguish words, and mark grammatical categories. Ethnologue estimated that it was spoken as a first language by some 58 million people and as a second language by another 36 million, bringing the total number of Hausa speakers to an estimated 94 million.

In Nigeria, the Hausa film industry is known as Kannywood.
Divorce law by country
Divorce law, the legal provisions for the dissolution of marriage, varies widely across the globe, reflecting diverse legal systems and cultural norms. Most nations allow for residents to divorce under some conditions except the Philippines (although Muslims in the Philippines do have the right to divorce) and the Vatican City, an ecclesiastical sovereign city-state, which has no procedure for divorce. In these two countries, laws only allow annulment of marriages.

Divorce in Islam
Divorce according to Islamic law can occur in a variety of forms, some initiated by a husband and some by a wife. The main categories of Islamic customary law are talaq (repudiation), khulʿ (mutual divorce) and faskh (dissolution of marriage before the Religious Court). Historically, the rules of divorce were governed by sharia, as interpreted by traditional Islamic jurisprudence, though they differed depending on the legal school, and historical practices sometimes diverged from legal theory.

In modern times, as personal status (family) laws have been codified in Muslim-majority states, they generally have remained "within the orbit of Islamic law", but control over the norms of divorce shifted from traditional jurists to the state.
Chicken ghee roast
Chicken Ghee Roast is a popular Tuluva Mangalorean chicken recipe whose origins go back to the town, Kundapur, close to Udupi. Chicken ghee roast is fiery red in colour, and has a tangy and spicy flavor with ghee and roasted spices.

A few key ingredients of chicken ghee roast are chicken, curds, onions, ghee, jaggery, tamarind, ginger, garlic and regional spices and condiments.

Pungency
Pungency (/ˈpʌndʒənsi/ ⓘ PUN-jən-see), commonly referred to as spiciness, hotness or heat,  is a sensation that contributes to the flavor of certain foods such as chili peppers. Highly pungent foods may be experienced as unpleasant. The term piquancy (/ˈpiːkənsi/ PEEK-ən-see) is sometimes applied to foods with a lower degree of pungency that are "agreeably stimulating to the palate". In addition to chili peppers, piquant ingredients include wasabi, horseradish and mustard. The primary substances responsible for pungency are capsaicin (in chilis), piperine (in peppercorns) and allyl isothiocyanate (in radishes, mustard and wasabi).
2019 Asian Women's Club League Handball Championship
The 2019 Asian Women's Club League Handball Championship was the 4th edition of the Asian Women's Club League Handball Championship held from 16 to 22 June 2019 at Almaty, Kazakhstan under the aegis of Asian Handball Federation. It was third time in history that championship was organised in Kazakhstan by the Kazakhstan Handball Federation. It also acts as the qualification tournament for the 2019 IHF Women's Super Globe with one quota place.

Asian Handball Federation
The Asian Handball Federation (AHF) is the governing body of handball and beach handball in Asia. It has 44 member countries, mostly located on the Asian continent, but excludes the transcontinental countries with territory in both Europe and Asia – Azerbaijan, Georgia, Russian Federation and Turkey – which are instead members of European Handball Federation (EHF). Three other states located along the western fringe of Asia – Cyprus, Armenia and Israel – are also EHF members. Hong Kong and Macau, although not independent countries (both are special regions of China), are also members of the AHF.

One of IHF's six continental confederations, the AHF was formed officially on 26 August 1974 in Tehran (Imperial State of Iran), on the sidelines of the 7th Asian Games 1974. The AHF headquarters is located in Kuwait City (Kuwait). Its current president is Sheikh Ahmed Al-Fahad Al-Ahmed Al-Sabah from Kuwait, who is a member of House of Al Sabah, the ruling family of Kuwait.
Extra (franchise)
extra (stylized as extr@) is a language education television programme franchise that was scripted in the format of a Friends-esque sitcom. It was in production from 2002 to 2004, and is mainly marketed to the instructional television market for middle school and high school language classes. Four versions were made, each in a different language; English, French, German, and Spanish.

The English version was co-produced by Channel 4 Learning and RAI CPTO (Production Centre of Turin) for RAI Educational. All of the episodes were written by Louise Clover.

Language education
Language education refers to the processes and practices of teaching a second or foreign language. Its study reflects interdisciplinary approaches, usually including some applied linguistics. There are four main learning categories for language education: communicative competencies, proficiencies, cross-cultural experiences, and multiple literacies.
Leiden Riddle
The "Leiden Riddle" is an Old English riddle (which also survives in a similar form in the Exeter Book known as Exeter Book Riddle 33 or 35). It is noteworthy for being one of the earliest attested pieces of English poetry; one of only a small number of representatives of the Northumbrian dialect of Old English; one of only a relatively small number of Old English poems to survive in multiple manuscripts; and evidence for the translation of the Latin poetry of Aldhelm into Old English.

West Saxon dialect
West Saxon is the term applied to the two different dialects Early West Saxon and Late West Saxon with West Saxon being one of the four distinct regional dialects of Old English. The three others were Kentish, Mercian and Northumbrian (the latter two were similar and are known as the Anglian dialects). West Saxon was the language of the kingdom of Wessex, and was the basis for successive widely used literary forms of Old English: the Early West Saxon of Alfred the Great's time, and the Late West Saxon of the late 10th and 11th centuries. Due to the Saxons' establishment as a politically dominant force in the Old English period, the West Saxon dialects became the strongest dialects in Old English manuscript writing.
Antarctic fur seal
The Antarctic fur seal (Arctocephalus gazella) is one of eight seals in the genus Arctocephalus, and one of nine fur seals in the subfamily Arctocephalinae. Despite what its name suggests, the Antarctic fur seal is mostly distributed in Subantarctic islands and its scientific name is thought to have come from the German vessel SMS Gazelle, which was the first to collect specimens of this species from the Kerguelen Islands.

Subantarctic
The sub-Antarctic zone is a physiographic region in the Southern Hemisphere, located immediately north of the Antarctic region. This translates roughly to a latitude of between 46° and 60° south of the Equator. The subantarctic region includes many islands in the southern parts of the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans, especially those situated north of the Antarctic Convergence. Subantarctic glaciers are, by definition, located on islands within the subantarctic region. All glaciers located on the continent of Antarctica are by definition considered to be Antarctic glaciers.
Połczyńska
Połczyńska [pɔu̯ˈt͡ʂɨɲska] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Połczyn-Zdrój, within Świdwin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) south-east of Połczyn-Zdrój, 24 km (15 mi) east of Świdwin, and 109 km (68 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin.

Połczyn-Zdrój
Połczyn-Zdrój [ˈpɔu̯t͡ʂɨn ˈzdrui̯] (Kashubian: Pôłczëno; German: Bad Polzin) is a town in Świdwin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland, with 8,372 inhabitants (2010). It is situated on the Wogra River in the historic region of Pomerania.
Langnes, Østfold
Langnes is a village in Indre Østfold municipality in Østfold, Norway.

The town is most known for the historically important Battle of Langnes which occurred during the events of 1814.

59°36′21″N 11°07′33″E﻿ / ﻿59.6059°N 11.1257°E﻿ / 59.6059; 11.1257

Battle of Langnes
The Battle of Langnes, or the Battle of Langnes Entrenchment, was fought between Norway and Sweden as a part of the Swedish-Norwegian War of 1814. The battle, even as it ended inconclusively, served as a tactical victory to the Norwegians since they now could avoid an unconditional surrender to the Swedish.
Mozart (1955 film)
Mozart  is a 1955 Austrian drama film directed by Karl Hartl and starring Oskar Werner, Johanna Matz and Gertrud Kückelmann. It is also known by the alternative title The Life and Loves of Mozart. It was entered into the 1956 Cannes Film Festival. The plot explores the mental state of Mozart during production of his final opera The Magic Flute. Werner's portrayal of Mozart was unusual for the time in playing him as a cheerful and easygoing young man, reflecting the postwar optimism of the newly restored Austrian Republic. It was shot at the  Ring-Film Studios in Vienna. The film's sets were designed by the art directors Werner Schlichting and Wolf Witzemann.

1956 Cannes Film Festival
The 9th Cannes Film Festival took place from 23 April to 10 May 1956. French actor, director and producer Maurice Lehmann served as jury president for the main competition.

The Palme d'Or, the festival's top prize, was awarded to The Silent World by Jacques-Yves Cousteau and Louis Malle.

In an effort to resolve some issues caused by the Cold War climate of the time, like special treatment towards Americans (who gave financial assistance to the festival) which displeased the Eastern Bloc, a rule to have films withdrawn under certain conditions was in effect until 1955, even though it had become a divisive issue within the festival directors, as it was seen as censorship. In 1956, it was officially decided to eliminate all such censorship from the selection.

The festival opened with Marie Antoinette Queen of France by Jean Delannoy and closed with The Roof by Vittorio De Sica.
9th Armoured Brigade (United Kingdom)
The 9th Armoured Brigade was a British Army brigade formed during the Second World War.

The 9th Armoured Brigade was formed by the renaming of the 4th Cavalry Brigade, a 1st Line Yeomanry (mounted) brigade in the Territorial Army, which had been part of the 1st Cavalry Division. It was converted to tanks on 3 August 1941 in the Middle East and joined the 10th Armoured Division.

1st Cavalry Division (United Kingdom)
The 1st Cavalry Division was a regular Division of the British Army during the First World War where it fought on the Western Front. During the Second World War it was a first line formation, formed from Yeomanry Regiments. It fought in the Middle East before being converted to the 10th Armoured Division.
Akima Tunnel
Akima Tunnel (秋間トンネル, Akima tonneru) is a tunnel on JR's Hokuriku Shinkansen located between Takasaki city (Gunma Prefecture) and Karuizawa town in Nagano Prefecture with total length of 8.295  km. It was built and completed in 1997.

Takasaki
Takasaki (高崎市, Takasaki-shi; [takasakiɕi]) is a city located in Gunma Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 August 2020, the city had an estimated population of 372,369 in 167,345 households, and a population density of 810 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 459.16 square kilometres (177.28 sq mi). Takasaki is famous as the hometown of the Daruma doll, theoretically representing the Buddhist sage Bodhidharma and in modern practice a symbol of good luck. Takasaki has been the largest city in Gunma Prefecture since 1990 after overtaking Maebashi.
Owen Mock
Owen R. Mock was a computer software designer and programmer who pioneered computer operating systems in the 1950s. In 1954 Mock was part of a group of programmers at the Los Angeles division of North American Aviation (NAA) who developed the PACT series of compilers for the IBM 701 computer.  In December 1955, Mock's group installed in the IBM 701 the "North American 701 Monitor" which was the first operating system to be in operation.

General Motors Research (GMR) also had an IBM 701 and used the compilers developed by Mock's group. When Robert L. Patrick at GMR designed a non-stop multi-user batch processing operating system for use on the next generation computer (IBM 704), Mock's group at NAA and George Ryckman's group at GMR joined forces to develop Robert Patrick's design for the IBM 704.  This GM-NAA I/O software was the first operating system for the 704 and began production in 1956.

IBM 701
The IBM 701 Electronic Data Processing Machine, known as the Defense Calculator while in development, was IBM's first commercial scientific computer and its first series production mainframe computer, which was announced to the public on May 21, 1952. It was designed and developed by Jerrier Haddad and Nathaniel Rochester and was based on the IAS machine at Princeton.

The IBM 701 was the first computer in the IBM 700/7000 series, which were IBM's high-end computers until the arrival of the IBM System/360 in 1964.

The business-oriented sibling of the 701 was the IBM 702 and a lower-cost general-purpose sibling was the IBM 650, which gained fame as the first mass-produced computer.
O'Grady v Sparling
O'Grady v Sparling was a landmark Supreme Court of Canada decision, on the constitutionality of overlapping federal and provincial laws. The Court held that there was no conflict between federal dangerous driving offences, which only prohibited "advertent" negligence and provincial careless driving offences, including "inadvertent" negligence. The analysis used here is also known as the paramountcy doctrine.

Paramountcy (Canada)
In Canadian constitutional law, the doctrine of paramountcy (French: prépondérance fédérale) establishes that where there is a conflict between valid provincial and federal laws, the federal law will prevail and the provincial law will be inoperative to the extent that it conflicts with the federal law. Unlike interjurisdictional immunity, which is concerned with the scope of the federal power, paramountcy deals with the way in which that power is exercised.

The only exception to the doctrine is under section 94A of the Constitution Act, 1867, which allows both the federal government and the provinces to make laws for old age pensions and supplementary benefits, but, to the extent of any conflict, the provincial law is paramount over the federal law.
1875 City of Auckland West by-elections
The 1875 City of Auckland West by-elections were two by-elections held in the City of Auckland West electorate in Auckland, following two resignations during the 4th New Zealand Parliament

Thomas Gillies resigned when he was appointed a judge of the Supreme Court and was replaced  unopposed on 27 March by George Grey.

John Williamson died on 16 February and was replaced on 14 April by Patrick Dignan. He was opposed by Joseph Dargaville, a member of the Orange Order, Dignan was a Catholic.

Patrick Dignan (politician)
Patrick Dignan (1814 –  20 October 1894) was a 19th-century Member of Parliament in Auckland, New Zealand.

He was born in Loughrea, County Galway, Ireland. He emigrated to New South Wales in 1839 and came to Auckland on the Sophia Pate in 1841. He was a leading Catholic layman in Auckland and was a member of the board of governors of St Peter's School.
Alto Monte de Israel, Peru
The community of Alto Monte de Israel (High Mount of Israel) is a settlement located on the banks of the Amazon River, in the district of San Pablo, province of Mariscal Ramón Castilla department of Loreto, in Peru. It was created in 1994 by its founder, Ezequiel Ataucusi Gamonal. It is a religious community, whose extension was planned in the South American integration project of living borders of Peru, where Ataucusi was a pioneer and executor of said project for the countries of Colombia and Brazil.

It is a community of the religious sect Evangelical Association of the Israelite Mission of the New Universal Covenant (AEMINPU), better known as the Israelites of the New Pact. It is located east of Iquitos, the capital of the department, an 18-hour boat ride on the Amazon River. The river transport is the only means of connection with the community.

Ezequiel Ataucusi
Ezequiel Ataucusi Gamonal (10 April 1918 – 21 June 2000), also known as Brother Ezequiel, was a Peruvian politician and self-proclaimed prophet of the religious movement he founded, the Evangelical Association of the Israelite Mission of the New Universal Covenant (AEMINPU) and their theocratic party known as Agricultural People's Front of Peru (FREPAP).