hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Paull Shin
Paull Hobom Shin (Korean name Shin Hobom; 신호범; September 27, 1935 – April 12, 2021) was an American politician and educator who served as a member of the Washington State Senate, the first Korean American ever elected to the Washington State Legislature. Shin was a member of the Democratic Party, elected from the 21st Legislative District, in southwest Snohomish County. Cities within the district include Mukilteo and portions of Everett, Edmonds, and Lynnwood. Senator Shin served on the Senate Agriculture, Water & Rural Economic Development and Trade & Economic Development Committees.

Washington State Senate
The Washington State Senate is the upper house of the Washington State Legislature. The body consists of 49 members, each representing a district with a population of approximately 160,000. The state senate meets at the Legislative Building in Olympia.

As with the lower House of Representatives, state senators serve without term limits, and senators serve four-year terms. Senators are elected from the same legislative districts as House members, with each district electing one senator and two representatives. Terms are staggered so that half the Senate is up for reelection every two years.

Like other upper houses of state and territorial legislatures and the federal U.S. Senate, the state senate can confirm or reject gubernatorial appointments to the state cabinet, commissions, and boards.
Omani Empire
The Omani Empire (Arabic: الْإِمْبَرَاطُورِيَّة الْعُمَانِيَّة) was a maritime empire, vying with Portugal and Britain for trade and influence in the Persian Gulf and Indian Ocean. After rising as a regional power in the 18th century, the empire at its peak in the 19th century saw its influence or control extend across the Strait of Hormuz to modern-day Iran and Pakistan, and as far south as Cape Delgado in what is now Mozambique. After the death of Said bin Sultan in 1856 the empire was divided between his sons into two sultanates, an African section (Sultanate of Zanzibar) ruled by Majid bin Said and an Asian section (Sultanate of Muscat and Oman) ruled by Thuwaini bin Said.

Majid bin Said of Zanzibar
Sayyid Majid bin Saïd al-Busaidi (Arabic: ماجد بن سعيد البوسعيد) (c. 1834 – (1870-10-07)7 October 1870) was the first Sultan of Zanzibar. He ruled Zanzibar from 19 October 1856 to 7 October 1870.

He succeeded his father Said bin Sultan as ruler of Zanzibar and East Africa, and briefly (claimed) Oman following Said’s death. During his reign his brother Bargash would prove constantly rebellious and adhered to his rule, nonetheless, Majid remained in power until his untimely death which was due to ‘over indulgence in sensual pleasures and stimulants’. The region’s wealth soared, particularly with the controversial Zanzibar slave trade.
El Ksiba
El Ksiba is a small town in Béni-Mellal Province, Béni Mellal-Khénifra, Morocco. According to the 2004 census it has a population of 18,481.

Temperatures reach below zero in the coldest winters and snow falls in the surrounding countryside. The town is surrounded with various types of trees including olive, almond and pinecone. El Ksiba has several springs and rivers that run through the mountains. The people that inhabit El Ksiba are mostly from the Berber tribes of Morocco.

The Battle of El Ksiba took place here 8-10 June 1913.

Béni Mellal-Khénifra
Béni Mellal-Khénifra (Arabic: بني ملال - خنيفرة, romanized: banī mallāl - ḵunayfira) is one of the twelve regions of Morocco, covering an area of 28,374 km2, and recorded a population of 2,520,776 in the 2014 Moroccan census. The capital of the region is Beni Mellal.
Newton Burgoland Marshes
Newton Burgoland Marshes is an 8.7-hectare (21-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest east of Newton Burgoland in Leicestershire.

This site is in two areas, with the northern one having wet grassland and species rich marsh, while the southern one is well-drained grassland. Herbs in the marsh include ragged robin, marsh marigold, meadow thistle and southern marsh orchid.

The site is private land with no public access.

Silene flos-cuculi
Silene flos-cuculi (syn. Lychnis flos-cuculi), the ragged-robin, is a perennial herbaceous plant in the family Caryophyllaceae. It is native to Eurasia and Siberia  and has been introduced to North America.
Elections in Hamburg
The number of elections in Hamburg varies. Hamburg has a state election every five years, the elections for the state parliament. There are also elections to the federal diet (the lower house of the federal parliament) of Germany, the local elections of the diet of the boroughs (Bezirksversammlungen) and every five years to the European Parliament. All elections take place by universal adult suffrage and are regulated by law.

Local election
In many parts of the world, local elections take place to select office-holders in local government, such as mayors and councillors. Elections to positions within a city or town are often known as municipal elections. Their form and conduct vary widely across jurisdictions.
Susie Nash
Susie Nash is the Deborah Loeb Brice Professor of Renaissance Art at the Courtauld Institute, London. After studying at the University of Reading (BA 1986, PhD 1993) she has been at the Courtauld. She is an expert on the art of the Northern Renaissance, specialising in Early Netherlandish painting and illuminated manuscripts and 15th century sculpture. Professor Nash is known for her work on the Chartreuse de Champmol in Dijon, and in particular the Great Cross, or Well of Moses, by Claus Sluter and Jean Malouel, published in a series of three articles in the Burlington Magazine. She is a founder member of the Research Centre for Illuminated Manuscripts and the Courtauld Sculptural Processes Study Group, and a Trustee of the Caroline Villers Research Fellowship.

Well of Moses
The Well of Moses (French: Puits de Moïse) is a monumental sculpture recognised as the masterpiece of the Dutch artist Claus Sluter (1340–1405–06), assisted by his nephew Claus de Werve. It was executed by Sluter and his workshop in 1395–1403 for the Carthusian monastery of Chartreuse de Champmol built as a burial site by the Burgundian Duke Philip the Bold just outside the Burgundian capital of Dijon, now in France.
Jan van den Aveelen
Jan van den Aveele or Aveelen  (c. 1650 - 18 May 1727) was a Dutch etcher and copper engraver.

Van den Aveele was born in Leiden, Dutch Republic. With compatriot Willem Swidde, he made engravings for Suecia Antiqua et Hodierna (Ancient and Modern Sweden) including depictions of public buildings and city scapes in Stockholm and other Swedish cities.

Some of his works make use of sequential illustrations, making him an early example of a prototypical comic artist.

Van den Aveele died in Stockholm, Sweden.

Suecia Antiqua et Hodierna
Suecia Antiqua et Hodierna ("Ancient and Modern Sweden") is a collection of engravings collected by Erik Dahlbergh during the middle of the 17th century. Suecia Antiqua et Hodierna can be described as a grand vision of Sweden during its period as a great power. Dahlberg's direct source of inspiration was the topographical publications issued by the Swiss publisher Matthäus Merian. In 1661 Dahlberg was granted a royal privilege enabling him to realize his plans, which kept him occupied for a good decade, and a work that would not be printed until after his death. In its final state Suecia Antiqua et Hodierna comprised three volumes containing 353 plates.
III Constitutional Government of Portugal
The III Constitutional Government of Portugal (Portuguese: III Governo Constitucional de Portugal) was the third government of the Third Portuguese Republic. It had Alfredo Nobre da Costa as the Prime Minister and lasted from 29 August 1978 to 22 November 1978.

Prime Minister of Portugal
The prime minister of Portugal is the head of government of Portugal. As head of government, the prime minister coordinates the actions of ministers, represents the Government of Portugal to the other bodies of state, is accountable to parliament and keeps the president informed. The prime minister can hold the role of head of government with the portfolio of one or more ministries. As Portugal is a semi-presidential parliamentary republic, the prime minister is the country's leading political figure and de facto chief executive.

There is no limit to the number of terms a person can serve as prime minister. The prime minister is appointed by the president following legislative elections, after having heard the parties represented in the parliament. Usually, the person named is the leader of the largest party in the previous election, but there have been exceptions over the years.
Prometheus (1998 film)
Prometheus is a 1998 film-poem created by English poet and playwright Tony Harrison, starring Micheal Feast in the role of Hermes. The film-poem examines the political and social issues connected to the fall of the working class in England, amidst the more general phenomenon of the collapse of socialism in Eastern Europe, using the myth of Prometheus as a metaphor for the struggles of the working class and the devastation brought on by political conflict and unfettered industrialisation. It was broadcast on Channel 4 and was also shown at the Locarno Film Festival. It was used by Harrison to highlight the plight of the workers both in Europe and in Britain. His film-poem begins at a post-industrialist wasteland in Yorkshire brought upon by the politics of confrontation between the miners and the government of Margaret Thatcher. It has been described as "the most important artistic reaction to the fall of the British working class" at the end of the twentieth century.

Locarno Film Festival
The Locarno International Film Festival is a major international film festival held annually in Locarno, Switzerland. Founded in 1946, the festival screens films in various competitive and non-competitive sections, including feature-length narrative, documentary, short, avant-garde, and retrospective programs. The Piazza Grande section is held in an open-air venue that seats 8,000 spectators.

The top prize of the festival is the Golden Leopard, awarded to the best film in the International Competition. Other awards include the Leopard of Honour for career achievement, and the Prix du Public, the public choice award.
Practical Motorist
Practical Motorist was a British car magazine founded on 12 May 1934 (as The Practical Motorist) by George Newnes Ltd. Its emphasis was on DIY car maintenance supplemented with more general motoring topics. Initially it was a weekly magazine until publication was suspended in 1940. It was relaunched as a monthly in 1954, retitled Practical Motorist & Motor Cyclist, reverting to Practical Motorist in 1959. Publication ceased in 1997.

Automobile magazine
An automobile magazine is a magazine with news and reports on cars and the automobile industry.

Automobile magazines may feature new car tests and comparisons, which describe advantages and disadvantages of similar models; future models speculations, confidential information and "spyshots" (pictures of camouflaged models tested by automakers); modified automobiles; lists of new models with prices, specifications and ratings; used car advertisements; auto racing news and events; and other information.

The first two magazines were launched in November 1895, in the very early days of motoring, the American The Horseless Age, which later became Automotive Industries Magazine and the British The Autocar.
Kenny Roberts Jr.
Kenneth Leroy Roberts Jr. (born July 25, 1973, in Mountain View, California) is an American former professional Grand Prix motorcycle road racer who won the 500cc Grand Prix Motorcycle Racing Championship in 2000, after finishing runner-up in 1999. Roberts Jr. is an 8-time Premier Class race winner. He joins his father Kenny Roberts as the only father-son duo to have won 500cc World Championships. Roberts was inducted into the F.I.M. MotoGP Hall of Fame in 2017.

Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme
The International Motorcycling Federation (Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme) or (FIM) is the global governing/sanctioning body of motorcycle racing. It represents 123 national motorcycle federations that are divided into six continental unions.

There are ten motorcycle-racing disciplines that FIM covers, encompassing 62 international championships as well as 188 secondary championships of circuit racing, enduro, Speedway Racing, Trials, Off-Roading, Motorcross, Supercross, Sno-Cross, Sidecars, and E-Bikes. FIM is also involved in many non-racing activities that promote the sport, its safety, and support relevant public policy. The FIM is also the first international sporting federation to publish an Environmental Code, in 1994. In 2007, a Commission for Women in Motorcycling was created by the FIM in order to promote the use of powered two-wheelers and the motorcycle sport among women.
Cappry, County Donegal
Cappry (Irish: Cabraigh), also known as Cappry Lane, is a townland in the Finn Valley area of County Donegal in Ireland. It is to the west of the town of Ballybofey within the electoral division of Dooish. It is also in the civil and Catholic parishes of Stranorlar. Cappry townland lies on the N15 road (Donegal Road) between Ballybofey and Barnesmore.

N15 road (Ireland)
The N15 road is a national primary road in the north-west of Ireland. It runs from Sligo to Lifford, County Donegal. It forms part of the proposed Atlantic Corridor route. It also goes to the border with Northern Ireland.
North Brookfield Railroad
The North Brookfield Railroad in central Massachusetts in the United States was a 4.16 mile railroad opened in 1876. It connected North Brookfield to the Boston and Albany main line at East Brookfield. The B&A leased the line from opening until they were in turn leased by the New York Central Railroad in 1900. The NYC merged to form the Penn Central Railroad in 1968. The line was abandoned by Conrail in the 1970s. In the early 2010s, an attempt was made to rebuild the line to service companies in the area.

The railroad when formed was 90% owned by the town of North Brookfield.  Today the right-of-way is 100% owned by the town of North Brookfield.

Passenger service was discontinued on December 31, 1935. The only stations were at North Brookfield and East Brookfield.

East Brookfield, Massachusetts
East Brookfield is a town in Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 2,224 at the 2020 United States Census. The census-designated place of East Brookfield (CDP) is located in the town.
Hot Docs at Home
Hot Docs at Home is a Canadian television programming block, which premiered April 16, 2020 on CBC Television. Introduced as a special series during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada, the series aired several feature documentary films that had been scheduled to premiere at the 2020 Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival before its postponement. The films aired on CBC Television at 8 p.m. EST on Thursdays and on the CBC's Documentary Channel later the same evening, and were made available for streaming on the CBC Gem platform.

During the same period, the Documentary Channel also aired a number of older documentary films which were screened at past editions of the Hot Docs festival.

Several of the films broadcast on the series received Canadian Screen Award nominations in television documentary categories at the 9th Canadian Screen Awards in 2021, with 9/11 Kids winning the Donald Brittain Award for best social or political documentary.

Donald Brittain Award
The Donald Brittain Award is a Canadian television award, presented by the Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television to honour the year's best television documentary on a social or political topic. Formerly presented as part of the Gemini Awards, since 2013 it has been presented as part of the Canadian Screen Awards. The award may be presented to either a standalone broadcast of a documentary film, or to an individual full-length episode of a news or documentary series; documentary films which originally premiered theatrically, but were not already submitted for consideration in a CSA film category before being broadcast on television, are also considered television films for the purposes of the award.

The award is named in honour of Donald Brittain, a pioneering Canadian documentary filmmaker. On one occasion to date, the award has been won by a documentary film about Brittain and his importance to the history of Canadian documentary film.
David Cubitt
David Cubitt (born 18 March 1965) is an English-born Canadian television actor.

Born in England in 1965 to a Dutch mother, Jette, and an English father, David, he moved with his parents to Vancouver, British Columbia when he was six months old. He studied at Studio 58 there. He has starred in the Canadian series Traders and the American series Robbery Homicide Division.

He appeared as Det. Lee Scanlon in the series Medium.  He first appeared in season 1 and appeared until the show was cancelled after its seventh season. He appeared in the disaster miniseries 10.5 and 10.5: Apocalypse, and made his film debut in Alive: The Miracle of the Andes (1993), co-starring Ethan Hawke.

Television in Canada
Television in Canada officially began with the sign-on of the nation's first television stations in Montreal and Toronto in 1952. As with most media in Canada, the television industry, and the television programming available in that country, are strongly influenced by media in the United States and the United Kingdom, perhaps to an extent not seen in any other major industrialized nation. As a result, the government institutes quotas for "Canadian content". Nonetheless, new content is often aimed at a broader North American audience, although the similarities may be less pronounced in the predominantly French-language province of Quebec.
Fuzz White
Albert Eugene "Fuzz" White (June 27, 1916 – April 24, 2003) was an American Major League Baseball center fielder who played for the St. Louis Browns (1940) and New York Giants (1947). His career was unusual in that he went almost seven years between major league appearances.

During World War II, White served in the Army.

White made his first two major league appearances (September, 1940) as a pinch-hitter, going 0-for-2.  Six years later, on November 1, 1946, he was drafted by the New York Giants from the Browns in the 1946 rule V draft. Then, next season, at the age of 31, he played in seven games for the Giants. At the plate he went 3-for-13 with three runs scored, and on defense recorded 11 putouts with no errors.

White died in his hometown of Springfield, Missouri, at the age of 86.

Fielding error
In baseball and softball statistics, an error is an act, in the judgment of the official scorer, of a fielder misplaying a ball in a manner that allows a batter or baserunner to advance one or more bases or allows a plate appearance to continue after the batter should have been put out. The term  error is sometimes used to refer to the play during which an error was committed.
Parque Lineal Veredas del Labrador
The Parque Lineal Veredas del Labrador, also known as Parque Lineal de Ponce, Veredas del Labrador, or just Parque Lineal, is a passive park in Ponce, Puerto Rico.  The park links to, but it is different from, a neighboring park also currently under construction called Parque Ecológico Urbano. The park runs along the Río Portugués and Río Bucaná rivers in the city of Ponce.

Urban wild
An urban wild is a remnant of a natural ecosystem found in the midst of an otherwise highly developed urban area.

One of the most expansive efforts to protect and foster urban wilds is the aptly titled "Urban Wilds program" conducted in Boston, which had its start in 1977 off the back of a 1976 report by the Boston Planning & Development Agency (BPDA), formerly the Boston Redevelopment Authority (BRA).
Fiction International
Fiction International was a literary magazine devoted to innovative forms of fiction and non-fiction which addresses progressive political ideals. Founded at St. Lawrence University in Canton, New York by Joe David Bellamy in 1973, the magazine moved to San Diego State University in 1983, where it has been "edited by Harold Jaffe and Larry McCaffery until 1992, when Harold Jaffe assumed sole editorship". Over the years, the magazine published works by Jaffe, J. M. Coetzee, Claribel Alegría, Robert Coover, William S. Burroughs, Alberto Moravia, Malcolm X, Allen Ginsberg, Marguerite Duras, Edmund White, Kathy Acker, Eckhard Gerdes, Sean Gill, Alain Robbe-Grillet, Clarice Lispector, and Roque Dalton.

Fiction International announced that it was ceasing publication after its 56th issue in spring 2023.

Marguerite Duras
Marguerite Germaine Marie Donnadieu (French: [maʁɡ(ə)ʁit ʒɛʁmɛn maʁi dɔnadjø], 4 April 1914 – 3 March 1996), known as Marguerite Duras (French: [maʁɡ(ə)ʁit dyʁas]), was a French novelist, playwright, screenwriter, essayist, and experimental filmmaker. Her script for the film Hiroshima mon amour (1959) earned her a nomination for Best Original Screenplay at the Academy Awards.
Francis William Hall
Francis William Hall (December 10, 1871 – after 1927) was a lawyer and political figure in Ontario. He represented Lanark South in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1914 to 1919 as a Conservative member.

He was born in Perth, the son of Francis Alexander Hall and Harriet F. Dunham, and was educated in Perth and at Osgoode Hall. In 1903, he married Margaret Elise, the daughter of Peter McLaren. Hall was president of the Perth Shoe Company. He served as mayor of Perth from 1909 to 1912. In 1927, Hall was found guilty of theft and sentenced to 18 months in prison.

Peter McLaren (politician)
Peter McLaren (September 21, 1833 – May 23, 1919) was a Canadian politician and Senator from Ontario. McLaren was the Plaintiff in McLaren v Caldwell, that resulted in the landmark decision of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council that upheld provincial jurisdiction in matters of a local or private nature, as well as over property and civil rights.
Subcooling
The term subcooling (also called undercooling) refers to the intentional process of cooling a liquid below its normal boiling point. For example, water boils at 373 K; at room temperature (293 K) liquid water is termed "subcooled".  Subcooling is a common stage in refrigeration cycles and steam turbine cycles. Some rocket engines use subcooled propellants.

In refrigeration systems, subcooling the refrigerant is necessary to ensure the completion of the remaining stages of the refrigeration cycle. The subcooling stage provides certainty that the refrigerant is fully liquid before it reaches the next step on the cycle, the thermal expansion valve, where the presence of gas can be disruptive.  Subcooling is often accomplished in heat exchangers.

Subcooling and superheating, which are similar and inverse processes, are both important for the stability and well-functioning of a refrigeration system.

Heat exchanger
A heat exchanger is a system used to transfer heat between a source and a working fluid. Heat exchangers are used in both cooling and heating processes. The fluids may be separated by a solid wall to prevent mixing or they may be in direct contact. They are widely used in space heating, refrigeration, air conditioning, power stations, chemical plants, petrochemical plants, petroleum refineries, natural-gas processing, and sewage treatment. The classic example of a heat exchanger is found in an internal combustion engine in which a circulating fluid known as engine coolant flows through radiator coils and air flows past the coils, which cools the coolant and heats the incoming air. Another example is the heat sink, which is a passive heat exchanger that transfers the heat generated by an electronic or a mechanical device to a fluid medium, often air or a liquid coolant.