hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Roman Ritual
The Roman Ritual (Latin: Rituale Romanum), also known as the Ritual is one of the official liturgical books of the Roman Rite of the Latin Church of the Catholic Church. It contains all of the services that a priest or deacon may perform; and are not contained in the Missale Romanum, Pontificale Romanum, or Caeremoniale Episcoporum, but for convenience does include some rituals that one of these books contains.

Since 1969, the Roman Ritual has been divided into different volumes by subject, for standard use in the Latin Church, yet priests and communities that celebrate pre-Second Vatican Council rituals still use the edition of 1952.

Missal
A missal is a liturgical book containing instructions and texts necessary for the celebration of Mass throughout the liturgical year. Versions differ across liturgical tradition, period, and purpose, with some missals intended to enable a priest to celebrate Mass publicly and others for private and lay use. The texts of the most common Eucharistic liturgy in the world, the Catholic Church's Mass of Paul VI of the Roman Rite, are contained in the 1970 edition of the Roman Missal.

Missals have also been published for earlier forms of the Roman Rite and other Latin liturgical rites. Other liturgical books typically contain the Eucharistic liturgies of other ritual traditions, but missals exist for the Byzantine Rites, Eastern Orthodox Western Rites, Lutheran and Anglican liturgies.
Ash Island
Ash Island is a forested, drop-shaped island in the River Thames in England, across the weir of Molesey Lock within Greater London on its border.

In the same way as Hampton Court, Ash Island's post town is East Molesey (KT8) and the island is administratively within the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames. The main weir is at the downstream end of the island connecting to the lock; the second weir is at the upstream end and connects to the Hampton Court bank. Consequently, there is a difference of several feet in the water level surrounding the island.

The island is privately owned and has a boatyard on side towards the lock, and moorings on the lower side. Most of the island is densely covered in trees, its maximum length is 236m, maximum width 90m and it is 25m downstream of Tagg's Island.

Weir
A weir /wɪər/ or low-head dam is a barrier across the width of a body of water that alters the flow characteristics of water and usually results in a change in the height of the water level. Weirs are used to control the flow of water for rivers, outlets of lakes, ponds, and reservoirs, industrial discharge, and drainage control structures. There are many weir designs, but commonly water flows freely over the top of the weir crest before cascading down to a lower level. There is no single definition as to what constitutes a weir. Weirs pose a serious danger to boaters and have been involved in several fatal drownings. They are sometimes colloquially referred to as drowning machines.

Weir can also refer to the skimmer found in most in-ground swimming pools, which controls the flow of water pulled into the filtering system.
Mott–Schottky equation
The Mott–Schottky equation relates the capacitance to the applied voltage across a semiconductor-electrolyte junction.

where  is the differential capacitance ,  is the dielectric constant of the semiconductor,  is the permittivity of free space,  is the area such that the depletion region volume is ,  is the elementary charge,  is the density of dopants,  is the applied potential,  is the flat band potential,  is the Boltzmann constant, and T is the absolute temperature.

This theory predicts that a Mott–Schottky plot will be linear.  The doping density  can be derived from the slope of the plot (provided the area and dielectric constant are known).  The flatband potential can be determined as well; absent the temperature term, the plot would cross the -axis at the flatband potential.

Depletion region
In semiconductor physics, the depletion region, also called depletion layer, depletion zone, junction region, space charge region, or space charge layer, is an insulating region within a conductive, doped semiconductor material where the mobile charge carriers diffuse, or have been forced away by an electric field. The only elements left in the depletion region are ionized donor or acceptor impurities. This region of uncovered positive and negative ions is called the depletion region due to the depletion of carriers in this region, leaving none to carry a current. Understanding the depletion region is key to explaining modern semiconductor electronics: diodes, bipolar junction transistors, field-effect transistors, and variable capacitance diodes all rely on depletion region phenomena.
1960 Panamanian general election
General elections were held in Panama on 20 May 1960, electing both a new President of the Republic and a new National Assembly.

According to Jan Knippers Black and Edmundo Flores, "Ernesto de la Guardia's administration had been overwhelmed by the rioting and other problems, and the National Patriotic Coalition, lacking effective opposition in the National Assembly, began to disintegrate. Most dissenting factions joined the National Liberal Party in the National Opposition Union."

The 1960 election was without precedent in Panama. For once the usual charges of illegal intervention by the National Guard were absent, and the opposition Liberal coalition candidate, Roberto Francisco Chiari Remón, was declared the winner and installed in office in an unexpectedly peaceful transfer of power.

Peaceful transition of power
A peaceful transition or transfer of power is a concept important to democratic governments in which the leadership of a government peacefully hands over control of government to a newly elected leadership. This may be after elections or during the transition from a different kind of political regime, such as the post-communist period after the fall of the Soviet Union.

In scholarship examining democratization and emerging democracies, study of the successful transitions of power is used to understand the transition to constitutional democracy and the relative stability of that government. A 2014 study concluded that 68 countries had never had a peaceful transition of power due to an election since 1788.
Pabna Peasant Uprisings
Pabna Peasant Uprising (1873–76) was a resistance movement by the peasants ("Ryots") against the lords of the lands in Bengal ("zamindars") in the Yusufshahi pargana (now the Sirajganj District, Bangladesh) in Pabna. It was led by Ishan Chandra Roy, Ishan Chandra Roy is known as "Bidrohi Raja"(বিদ্রোহী রাজা) or in English "Rebel King". It was supported by intellectuals such as R.C. Dutt, Surendranath Banerjee, Bankim Chandra Chatterjee, etc. It was overall a peaceful movement.

Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay CIE (anglicised as Bankim Chandra Chatterjee; 26 June 1838 – 8 April 1894) was an Indian Bengali novelist, poet, essayist and journalist.

Noted for his pro-British stance, he accepted the legitimacy of the British rule and supported English education.

He was the author of the 1882 Bengali language novel Anandamath, which is one of the landmarks of modern Bengali and Indian literature. He was the composer of Vande Mataram, written in highly Sanskritised Bengali, personifying India as a mother goddess. Chattopadhayay wrote fourteen novels and many serious, serio-comic, satirical, scientific and critical treatises in Bengali. He is known as Sahitya Samrat (Emperor of Literature) in Bengali.
Osteocephalus sangay
Osteocephalus sangay, also known as the Sangay casqued tree frog, is a species of frog in the family Hylidae. It is found in eastern Ecuador in Morona Santiago province. O. sangay is in the O. buckleyi species group and is closely related to O. cannatellai.

Hylidae
Hylidae is a wide-ranging family of frogs commonly referred to as "tree frogs and their allies". However, the hylids include a diversity of frog species, many of which do not live in trees, but are terrestrial or semiaquatic.
Joseph Andriacchi
Joseph Andriacchi (October 20, 1932 – August 10, 2024) was an American convicted criminal who was resident in the Chicago area, considered by that city's Crime Commission to be a high-ranking member of the Outfit, the city's LCN organization.

Chicago Crime Commission
The Chicago Crime Commission is an independent, non-partisan civic watchdog organization of business leaders dedicated to educating the public about the dangers of organized criminal activity, especially organized crime, street gangs and the tools of their trade: drugs, guns, public corruption, money laundering, identity theft and gambling, founded in 1919. The police, the judicial system, politicians, prosecutors and citizens rely on the Chicago Crime Commission to provide advice on crime issues and to communicate vital information to the public.
WXIN (Rhode Island College)
"WXIN" (90.7 FM) is the student campus radio broadcast service of Rhode Island College. It operates a part 15 FM transmitter on the property of Rhode Island College, in North Providence, Rhode Island, United States. In addition, WXIN streams its programming on Twitch under RICRadioStudio01. The stream is also picked up and played over speakers at various locations throughout the campus. The station also does podcasting through the name "NIXM" and can be found on Spotify and SoundCloud.

WXIN is a team-oriented organization that strives to create a welcoming and safe space for RIC students as well as visitors who attend their events. The team aims to bring music to the Rhode Island campus through radio shows, live music events, and DJing. As well as supporting local musicians, encouraging creativity, and providing opportunities for our team members to get involved in the local music scene. The organization stays active on Instagram (@ricradio) to encourage community involvement.

Title 47 CFR Part 15
Code of Federal Regulations, Title 47, Part 15 (47 CFR 15) is an oft-quoted part of Federal Communications Commission (FCC) rules and regulations regarding unlicensed transmissions.  It is a part of Title 47 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), and regulates everything from spurious emissions to unlicensed low-power broadcasting.  Nearly every electronics device sold inside the United States radiates unintentional emissions, and must be reviewed to comply with Part 15 before it can be advertised or sold in the US market.
Virkon
Virkon is a multi-purpose disinfectant. It contains potassium peroxymonosulfate (an oxidizing agent), sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (a detergent), sulfamic acid (a cleaning agent), and inorganic buffers. It is typically used for cleaning up hazardous spills, disinfecting surfaces and soaking equipment. The solution is used in many areas, including hospitals, laboratories, nursing homes, funeral homes, dental and veterinary facilities, and anywhere else where control of pathogens is required.

1% Virkon has a wide spectrum of activity against pathogens. This includes at least 300 strains/clinical isolates from 76 bacteria, 47 strains/clinical isolates from 35 viruses, and 45 strains/clinical isolates from 17 fungi.

It has been proven effective against SARS-COV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, it is less effective against pathogenic fungi than some alternative disinfectants.

Alkylbenzene sulfonate
Alkylbenzene sulfonates are a class of anionic surfactants, consisting of a hydrophilic sulfonate head-group and a hydrophobic alkylbenzene tail-group. Along with sodium laureth sulfate, they are one of the oldest and most widely used synthetic detergents and may be found in numerous personal-care products (soaps, shampoos, toothpaste etc.) and household-care products (laundry detergent, dishwashing liquid, spray cleaner etc.).
They were introduced in the 1930s in the form of branched alkylbenzene sulfonates (BAS). However following environmental concerns these were replaced with linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS) during the 1960s. Since then production has increased significantly from about one million tons in 1980, to around 3.5 million tons in 2016, making them most produced anionic surfactant after soaps.
Marion Dönhoff
Marion Hedda Ilse Gräfin von Dönhoff (2 December 1909 – 11 March 2002) was a German journalist and publisher who participated in the resistance against Nazism, along with Helmuth James Graf von Moltke, Peter Yorck von Wartenburg, and Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg. After the war, she became one of Germany's leading journalists and intellectuals, working for over 55 years as an editor and later publisher of the Hamburg-based weekly newspaper Die Zeit.

Peter Yorck von Wartenburg
Peter Graf Yorck von Wartenburg (13 November 1904 – 8 August 1944) was a German jurist and a member of the German Resistance against Nazism. He studied law and politics in Bonn and Breslau from 1923 to 1926, gaining his doctorate in Breslau in 1927 and passing the civil service entrance examination for lawyers in Berlin in 1930. He married
Marion Winter that same year.
West Kerry (UK Parliament constituency)
West Kerry was a parliamentary constituency in Ireland, represented in the Parliament of the United Kingdom. From 1885 to 1922 it returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.

Prior to the 1885 general election the area was part of the Kerry constituency. Representation in this constituency ceased at the 1922 United Kingdom general election, which took place on 15 November, shortly before the establishment of the Irish Free State on 6 December 1922. The successor constituency in the new Dáil Éireann was Kerry–Limerick West, first established under the Government of Ireland Act 1920 to elect members to the House of Commons of Southern Ireland in 1921.

Government of Ireland Act 1920 (constituencies)
The Government of Ireland Act 1920 (10 & 11 Geo. 5 c. 67) was an Act passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom to create two separate parliaments in Ireland: the Parliament of Northern Ireland and the Parliament of Southern Ireland. The Fifth Schedule to this act provided the constituencies for the House of Commons in these two separate parliaments. These same constituencies also replaced those provided in the Redistribution of Seats (Ireland) Act 1918 for representation of Ireland in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom at Westminster. Sinn Féin used these constituencies to elect the Second Dáil (1921–22) and those constituencies in Southern Ireland were used to elect the Third Dáil (1922–23).
Zabieliškis
Zabieliškis (formerly Russian: Забѣлишки, Polish: Zabielszczyzna) is a village in Kėdainiai district municipality, in Kaunas County, in central Lithuania. According to the 2011 census, the village had a population of 20 people. It is located 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) from Kėdainiai city center, next to the Kėdainiai Industrial Zone, by the Nesekė rivulet and some ponds. There are relics of the former Zabieliškis manor. A dump site of "Lifosa" fertilizer factory phosphogypsum waste and a former site of Kėdainiai landfill is located in Zabieliškis.

Phosphogypsum
Phosphogypsum (PG) is the calcium sulfate hydrate formed as a by-product of the production of fertilizer, particularly phosphoric acid, from phosphate rock. It is mainly composed of gypsum (CaSO4 · 2 H2O). Although gypsum is a widely used material in the construction industry, phosphogypsum is usually not used, but is stored indefinitely because of its weak radioactivity caused by the presence of naturally occurring uranium (U) and thorium (Th), and their daughter isotopes radium (Ra), radon (Rn) and polonium (Po). On the other hand, it includes several valuable components—calcium sulphates and  elements such as silicon, iron, titanium, magnesium, aluminum, and manganese. However, the long-term storage of phosphogypsum is controversial. About five tons of phosphogypsum are generated per ton of phosphoric acid production. Annually, the estimated generation of phosphogypsum worldwide is  100 to 280 million metric tons.
Le donne rivali
Le donne rivali is an intermezzo in two acts by composer Domenico Cimarosa with an Italian libretto by a now unknown poet. It is speculated that Giuseppe Petrosellini may have been the author of the libretto. The opera premiered at the Teatro Valle in Rome during Carnival in 1780. The original choreography was created by Alberto Cavos, the original costumes by Antonio Dian, and the original scenery by Domenico Fossati. In accordance with Papal law on theatre in Rome, the premiere cast was all-male.

The opera was later produced in Venice and Florence, and in 1789, in French, in St. Petersburg.

In recent years, Le donne rivali has been occasionally revived and recorded. In 1991, the Juilliard Opera Center intertwined the work with Mozart's unfinished opera Lo sposo deluso, which shares the same libretto, to make one large work.

Domenico Cimarosa
Domenico Cimarosa (Italian: [doˈmeːniko tʃimaˈrɔːza] ⓘ; 17 December 1749 – 11 January 1801) was an Italian composer of the Neapolitan School and of the Classical period. He wrote more than eighty operas, the best known of which is Il matrimonio segreto (1792); most of his operas are comedies. He also wrote instrumental works and church music.

Cimarosa was principally based in Naples, but spent some of his career in various other parts of Italy, composing for the opera houses of Rome, Venice, Florence and elsewhere. He was engaged by Catherine the Great of Russia as her court composer and conductor between 1787 and 1791. In his later years, returning to Naples, he backed the losing side in the struggle to overthrow the monarchy there, and was imprisoned and then exiled. He died in Venice at the age of 51.
Alfred Majerowicz
Alfred Majerowicz (31 July 1925 in Poznań – 2 November 2018) was a Polish geologist who was a lecturer at the University of Wrocław.

He was a founder of the Polish Mineralogical Society, and in 1996 he became its honorary member. In 1971–1972 he was a deputy director, in 1972–1975 he was the director of the Institute of Geological Sciences of the University of Wrocław.

His main scientific activity was petrology of crystalline rocks in Lower Silesia.

University of Wrocław
The University of Wrocław (Polish: Uniwersytet Wrocławski, UWr; Latin: Universitas Wratislaviensis) is a public research university in Wrocław, Poland. It is the largest institution of higher learning in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship, with over 100,000 graduates since 1945, including some 1,900 researchers, among whom many have received the highest awards for their contributions to the development of scientific scholarship.

The university was established in 1701 and reconstituted in its current form in 1945, as a direct successor to the previous German University of Breslau. Following the territorial changes of Poland's borders, academics primarily from the Jan Kazimierz University of Lwów restored the university building, which had been heavily damaged in the 1945 Battle of Breslau.
Lebanon viper
The Lebanon viper (Montivipera bornmuelleri), also known as Bornmueller's viper, is a species of venomous snake in the subfamily Viperinae of the family Viperidae. The species is native to Western Asia. There are no recognized subspecies.

Viper
Vipers are snakes in the family Viperidae, found in most parts of the world, except for Antarctica, Australia, Hawaii, Madagascar, Ireland, and various other isolated islands. All vipers are venomous, and have long (relative to non-vipers), hinged fangs that permit deep envenomation of their prey. Three subfamilies are currently recognized. They are also known as viperids. The name "viper" is derived from the Latin word vipera, -ae, also meaning viper, possibly from vivus ("living") and parere ("to beget"), referring to the trait viviparity (giving live birth) common in vipers like most of the species of Boidae. The earliest known vipers are believed to have diverged from the rest of the clade Caenophidia in the early Eocene.
Wlonice, Gmina Ożarów
Wlonice [vlɔˈnit͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ożarów, within Opatów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) north-east of Ożarów, 25 km (16 mi) north-east of Opatów, and 78 km (48 mi) east of the regional capital Kielce.

Opatów
Opatów ([ɔˈpatuf] ⓘ; Yiddish: אַפּטאַ, אַפּט, romanized: Apt, Apte) is a town in southeastern Poland, within Opatów County in the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. Historically, it was part of a greater region called Lesser Poland. In 2012 the population was 6,658. Opatów is located among the hills of Lesser Polish Upland, with the Opatówka river dividing the town into two parts.

A town with a history of some 1,000 years, Opatów is one of the province's best-preserved historic towns and once one of the largest cities in its territory, owing its prosperity to crafts and trade. Its landmarks include the Collegiate Church of St. Martin, listed as a Historic Monument of Poland as one of the most precious examples of Romanesque architecture in Poland, the Baroque Bernardine monastery, town hall and underground tourist routes in late medieval cellars under the old town. Opatów is home to local specialties such as pączki, krówki and kiełbasa.
Erlon Silva
Erlon de Souza Silva (born 23 June 1991) is a Brazilian sprint canoeist who competes in the 1000 m doubles event (C-2). He placed tenth at the 2012 Olympics and won a silver medal at the 2016 Rio Games. He won two more silver medals at the 2011 and 2015 Pan American Games and became a world champion in 2015.

Canoeing at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's C-2 1000 metres
The men's canoe sprint C-2 1,000 metres at the 2012 Olympic Games in London took place between 7 and 9 August at Eton Dorney.

German pairing Peter Kretschmer and Kurt Kuschela won the gold medal. Belarus won silver and Russia took bronze.
Deaths in July 2017
The following is a list of notable deaths in July 2017.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent country of citizenship (if applicable), what subject was noted for, cause of death (if known), and reference.

International Tennis Hall of Fame
The International Tennis Hall of Fame is located in Newport, Rhode Island, United States. It honors both players and other contributors to the sport of tennis. The complex, the former Newport Casino, includes a museum, 13 grass tennis courts, an indoor tennis facility with three courts, three outdoor hard courts, one green clay court, a court tennis facility, and a theatre. The International Tennis Hall of Fame is a non-profit organization with the goal of preserving, celebrating, and inspiring the sport of tennis around the world.

The location was the original home of the U.S. National Championships (now called the US Open), established in 1881. Since 1976, the complex has hosted the Hall of Fame Open, a combined men's and women's event, each year in July.
Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine
The Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine (OU-HCOM) is the medical school of Ohio University, the largest medical school in Ohio, and the only osteopathic medical school in the state. Heritage is ranked in the Top 50 U.S. medical schools for primary care.

OhioHealth
OhioHealth is a not-for-profit system of hospitals and healthcare providers based in Columbus and the Central Ohio area. The system consists of 16 hospitals, 300+ ambulatory sites, hospice, home health, medical equipment and other health services spanning 55 Ohio counties. As of May 2025, the organization has 35,000 physicians, associates, and volunteers, with more than $6.3 billion in net revenue.