hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Aquamicrobium lusatiense
Aquamicrobium lusatiense is a Gram-negative, oxidase-positive, strictly aerobic bacteria from the genus Aquamicrobium with a polar flagellum, which was isolated from activated sludge in Germany. Aquamicrobium lusatiense is able to degrade 2,4-dichlorophenol, 4-chloro-2-methylphenol, 4-chlorophenol, and phenol.

4-Chlorophenol
4-Chlorophenol is an organic compound with the formula C6H4ClOH.  It is one of three monochlorophenol isomers.  It is a colorless or white solid that melts easily and exhibits significant solubility in water.  Its pKa is 9.41.
Denise Yue
Denise Yue Chung-yee (Chinese: 俞宗怡) GBS JP (born 1952) was a Hong Kong politician and Secretary for the Civil Service.

Yue graduated from the University of Hong Kong in 1974 and she attended Harvard University in 1988 obtaining an MPA during her civil service career. She joined the civil service in 1974 and has served in a number of senior positions, including:

Deputy Director of Regional Services (1991 to 1992)

Deputy Secretary for Trade and Industry (1992 to 1993)

Director-General of Industry (1993 to 1995)

Secretary for Trade and Industry (1995 to 1998)

Secretary for the Treasury (1998 to 2002)

Permanent Secretary for Commerce, Industry and Technology (Commerce and Industry) (2002 to 2006)

She later took up the post of Secretary for the Civil Service since January 2006.

Secretary for the Civil Service
The Secretary for the Civil Service is the head of the Civil Service Bureau in Hong Kong. Unlike other secretaries for bureaux, the Secretary for the Civil Service is filled by an administrative officer from the civil service, who may choose to return to the civil service when his term expires. Before Principal Officials Accountability System was introduced in 2002, it was a civil service position.
3D concrete printing
3D concrete printing, or simply concrete printing, refers to digital fabrication processes for cementitious materials based on one of several different 3D printing technologies. 3D-printed concrete eliminates the need for formwork, reducing material waste and allowing for greater geometric freedom in complex structures. With recent developments in mix design and 3D printing technology over the last decade, 3D concrete printing has grown exponentially since its emergence in the 1990s. Architectural and structural applications of 3D-printed concrete include the production of building blocks, building modules, street furniture, pedestrian bridges, and low-rise residential structures. A comprehensive overview on the progress in 3D concrete printing is available at 3dcp.fyi.

Concrete block
A concrete block, also known as a cinder block in North American English, breeze block in British English, or concrete masonry unit (CMU), or by various other terms, is a standard-size rectangular block used in building construction. The use of blockwork allows structures to be built in the traditional masonry style with layers (or courses) of staggered blocks.

Concrete blocks may be produced with hollow centers (cores) to reduce weight, improve insulation and provide an interconnected void into which concrete can be poured to solidify the entire wall after it is built.

Concrete blocks are some of the most versatile building products available because of the wide variety of appearances that can be achieved using them.
2004 New Hampshire gubernatorial election
The 2004 New Hampshire gubernatorial election occurred on November 2, 2004, concurrent with that year's presidential election. Democrat John Lynch, a multimillionaire businessman from Hopkinton, narrowly defeated incumbent Republican governor Craig Benson of Rye, winning a two-year term. Benson was the first New Hampshire governor in 80 years to lose reelection after one term. Lynch was sworn in on January 6, 2005.

To date, Benson is the most recent incumbent governor to lose reelection in any New England state.

Hopkinton, New Hampshire
Hopkinton is a town in Merrimack County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 5,914 at the 2020 census. The town has three distinct communities: Hopkinton village, mainly a residential area in the center of the town; Contoocook, the town's business hub, located in the north; and West Hopkinton, within the more agricultural portion of the town. The town is home to the Hopkinton State Fair, adjacent to Contoocook village, and to the historic Contoocook Railroad Depot and the Contoocook Railroad Bridge, the oldest covered railroad bridge in the United States.
Ralida Island
Ralida Island (Bulgarian: остров Ралида, romanized: ostrov Ralida, IPA: [ˈɔstrof rɐˈlidɐ]) is the 320 m long in west–east direction and 80 m wide rocky island lying in Belimel Bay on the southwest coast of Trinity Island in the Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica.  It is “named after the ocean fishing trawler Ralida of the Bulgarian company Ocean Fisheries – Burgas whose ships operated in the waters of South Georgia, Kerguelen, the South Orkney Islands, South Shetland Islands and Antarctic Peninsula from 1970 to the early 1990s.  The Bulgarian fishermen, along with those of the Soviet Union, Poland and East Germany are the pioneers of modern Antarctic fishing industry.”

Fishing trawler
A fishing trawler is a commercial fishing vessel designed to operate fishing trawls. Trawling is a method of fishing that involves actively dragging or pulling a trawl through the water behind one or more trawlers. Trawls are fishing nets that are pulled along the bottom of the sea or in midwater at a specified depth. A trawler may also operate two or more trawl nets simultaneously (double-rig and multi-rig).

There are many variants of trawling gear. They vary according to local traditions, bottom conditions, and how large and powerful the trawling boats are. A trawling boat can be a small open boat with only 30 horsepower (22 kW) or a large factory ship with 10,000 horsepower (7457 kW). Trawl variants include beam trawls, large-opening midwater trawls, and large bottom trawls, such as "rock hoppers" that are rigged with heavy rubber wheels that let the net crawl over rocky bottom.
Toronia
Toronia is a genus of tree in the family Proteaceae  that contains a single species, Toronia toru, which is endemic to New Zealand. The genus is closely related to the large genus Persoonia, and in fact this species was long regarded as one until placed in its own new genus by Lawrie Johnson and Barbara G. Briggs  in their 1975 monograph "On the Proteaceae: the evolution and classification of a southern family".

However, phylogenetic studies indicate that Toronia is nested in the larger genus Persoonia, where it was once included.

Toronia toru is an evergreen tree  found in the northern half of the North Island and is one of only two members of the protea family occurring in New Zealand.

Toronia toru grows to 7 – 11 metres and has long slender green leaves, small yellow flowers, and red to dark purple-blue fleshy fruits.

On the Proteaceae
On the Proteaceae: The Evolution and Classification of a Southern Family is a highly influential monograph on the evolution, biogeography and taxonomy of the flowering plant family Proteaceae. Authored by Lawrie Johnson and Barbara Briggs, it appeared in Volume 70 of Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society in 1975. Johnson and Briggs had presented what would become the paper at a meeting of the Linnaean Society on 6 December 1973 amid celebrations of 200 years since the birth of Robert Brown.

One of its most important and long-lasting contributions was the establishment for a suprageneric classification of the Proteaceae, which was accepted with only minor modifications until 2006, when Peter H. Weston and Nigel P. Barker presented a new arrangement based primarily upon molecular data. According to Weston and Barker, "Johnson and Briggs' classification has served as the systematic framework for a generation of researchers".
Veganz
Veganz Group AG (formerly Veganz GmbH) is a vegan brand headquartered in Ludwigsfelde, Germany. Veganz was founded as the first vegan supermarket chain in Europe.

As of 2020, Veganz offers around 165 products in 26 countries, as well as in online stores. Based in Germany, the company opened its first store in Berlin Prenzlauer Berg, in the summer of 2011, with 250 square meters of space. As of 2023, no stores remain open.

The group turnover increased by 28% to 26.6 million Euros in the whole of 2019. Veganz employs around 64 people. The company motto is "Gut für dich, besser für alle" (Good for you, better for everyone).

Prenzlauer Berg
Prenzlauer Berg (German pronunciation: [ˌpʁɛnt͡slaʊ̯ɐ ˈbɛʁk] ⓘ) is a locality of Berlin, forming the southerly and most urban district of the borough of Pankow. From its founding in 1920 until 2001, Prenzlauer Berg was a district of Berlin in its own right. However, that year it was incorporated (along with the borough of Weißensee) into the greater district of Pankow.

From the 1960s onward, Prenzlauer Berg was associated with proponents of East Germany's diverse counterculture including Christian activists, bohemians, state-independent artists, and the gay community. It was an important site for the peaceful revolution that brought down the Berlin Wall in 1989. In the 1990s the borough was also home to a vibrant squatting scene. It has since experienced rapid gentrification.
USS Frigate Bird
USS Frigate Bird is a name used more than once by the U.S. Navy:

USS Frigate Bird (AMc-27), served in a non-commissioned status in the 13th Naval District between 30 January 1941 and 27 April 1943

USS Frigate Bird (AMS-191), was launched 24 October 1953 by Quincy Adams Yacht Yard, Quincy, Massachusetts

USS Frigate Bird (AMc-27)
USS Frigate Bird (AMc-27) was a Frigate Bird-class coastal minesweeper acquired by the U.S. Navy for the dangerous task of removing mines from minefields laid in the water to prevent ships from passing.
Caithness (Parliament of Scotland constituency)
Before the Act of Union 1707, the barons of the shire or sheriffdom of Caithness elected commissioners to represent them in the unicameral Parliament of Scotland and in the Convention of Estates. After 1708, Caithness alternated with Buteshire in returning one member to the House of Commons of Great Britain and later to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom.

Sheriffdom
A sheriffdom is a judicial district in Scotland, led by a sheriff principal. Since 1 January 1975, there have been six sheriffdoms. Each sheriffdom is divided into a series of sheriff court districts, and each sheriff court is presided over by a resident or floating sheriff (a legally qualified judge). Sheriffs principal and resident or floating sheriffs are all members of the judiciary of Scotland.
2005 Seattle mayoral election
The 2005 Seattle mayoral election took place November 8, 2005. Incumbent Mayor Greg Nickels was elected to a second term. As of 2025, this is the most recent Seattle mayoral election in which the incumbent was elected to a second term.

Greg Nickels
Gregory James Nickels (born August 7, 1955) is an American politician who served as the 51st mayor of Seattle, Washington, as of 2025 he is the last Seattle mayor who has served more than one term in office. He took office on January 1, 2002, and was reelected to a second term in 2005. In August 2009, Nickels finished third in the primary election for Seattle mayor, failing to qualify for the November 2009 general election, and losing his bid for a third term as mayor. He left office on January 1, 2010.
Psilocybe azurescens
Psilocybe azurescens—commonly known as the flying saucer mushroom, blue angel mushroom, or azure psilocybin mushroom—is a species of psychedelic mushroom whose main active compounds are psilocybin and psilocin. It is among the most potent of the tryptamine-bearing mushrooms, containing up to 1.8% psilocybin, 0.5% psilocin, and 0.4% baeocystin by dry weight, averaging to about 1.1% psilocybin and 0.15% psilocin. It belongs to the family Hymenogastraceae in the order Agaricales.

Agaricales
The Agaricales are an order of fungi in the division Basidiomycota. As originally conceived, the order contained all the agarics (gilled mushrooms), but subsequent research has shown that not all agarics are closely related and some belong in other orders, such as the Russulales and Boletales. Conversely, DNA research has also shown that many non-agarics, including some of the clavarioid fungi (clubs and corals) and gasteroid fungi (puffballs and false truffles) belong within the Agaricales. The order has 46 extant families, more than 400 genera, and over 25,000 described species, along with six extinct genera known only from the fossil record. Species in the Agaricales range from the familiar Agaricus bisporus (cultivated mushroom) and the deadly Amanita virosa (destroying angel) to the coral-like Clavaria zollingeri (violet coral) and bracket-like Fistulina hepatica (beefsteak fungus).
Pterigynandrum
Pterigynandrum is a genus of mosses belonging to the family Pterigynandraceae.

The genus was first described by Johann Hedwig.

The genus has cosmopolitan distribution.

Species:

Pterigynandrum filiforme Hedwig, 1801

Johann Hedwig
Johann Hedwig (8 December 1730 – 18 February 1799), also styled as Johannes Hedwig, was a German botanist notable for his studies of mosses. He is sometimes called the "father of bryology". He is known for his particular observations of sexual reproduction in the cryptogams. Many of his writings were in Latin, and his name is rendered in Latin as Ioannis Hedwig or Ioanne Hedwig. The standard author abbreviation Hedw. is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.
Gauri Shankar Chaudhary
Gauri Shankar Chaudhary is a Nepalese Politician, former agriculture minister and    Minister of Labour, Employment and Social Security  and  the Member Of House Of Representatives (Nepal) elected from Kailali-3, Province No. 7. He is member of the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist).

Ministry of Labour, Employment and Social Security (Nepal)
The Ministry of Labour, Employment and Social Security (Nepali: श्रम, रोजगार तथा सामाजिक सुरक्षा मन्त्रालय) is a government ministry of Nepal that governs the development policies of labour and employment in the country. Hon. Sharat Singh Bhandari  is the minister.
David Magnani
David P. Magnani (born May 24, 1944) is an American politician and activist. He served as Democratic member of Massachusetts House of Representatives and Senate from 1984 to 2004 representing 7th Middlesex district and 2nd Middlesex and Norfolk district.

Massachusetts Senate
The Massachusetts Senate is the upper house of the Massachusetts General Court, the bicameral state legislature of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The Senate comprises 40 elected members from 40 single-member senatorial districts in the state. All but one of the districts are named for the counties in which they are located (the "Cape and Islands" district covers Dukes, Nantucket, and parts of Barnstable counties). Senators serve two-year terms, without term limits. The Senate convenes in the Massachusetts State House in Boston, the state capital.
Leonardo Ricci (geographer)
Leonardo Ricci (20 April 1877 – 26 June 1967) was an Italian geographer, cartographer, and professor of economic geography at the University Institute of Economics and Commerce in Venice (from 1928) and at Bocconi University in Milan. His work focused on limnology, glaciology, and, most notably, cartography. He contributed to the Atlante Geografico Zanichelli (1947), and was involved in the preparation of the maps for the Enciclopedia Italiana.

Bocconi University
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Bocconi University or Università Bocconi (formally known in Italian as Università Commerciale Luigi Bocconi [universiˈta kommerˈtʃaːle luˈiːdʒi bokˈkoːni] – or simply Bocconi) is a non-profit private university located in Milan, Italy.

The university offers courses in social sciences, with programs in economics, management, finance, law, political science, data and computer science, and an increasing focus on artificial intelligence.

Bocconi is a founding member of CEMS – The Global Alliance in Management Education. Through its graduate business school, the SDA Bocconi School of Management, the university holds triple accreditation from AACSB, EQUIS, and AMBA. SDA Bocconi offers MBA, Executive MBA, DBA, executive education, professional development, and certification programs.
Parachernes
Parachernes is a genus of pseudoscorpions in the subfamily Chernetinae, first described by Joseph Conrad Chamberlin in 1931.

Species of this genus are found in the Americas, and also in Australia (Parachernes sabulosus).

Joseph Conrad Chamberlin
Joseph Conrad Chamberlin (December 23, 1898 – July 17, 1962) was an American arachnologist who studied mainly pseudoscorpions. A native of Utah, he studied primarily at Stanford University while working most of his career in Oregon for the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Several species are named in his honor.

His zoological author abbreviation is J.C.Chamberlin.
FIS Snowboarding World Championships 2011 – Men's snowboard cross
The men's snowboard cross competition of the FIS Snowboarding World Championships 2011 was held at Alabaus in La Molina, Spain between January 17 and 18, 2011. 69 athletes from 27 countries competed.

The qualification round was completed on January 17, while the elimination round was completed on January 18.

Snowboard cross
Snowboard cross, also known as boardercross, is  a snowboard competition in which four to six competitors race down a course. Snowboard cross courses are typically quite narrow and include cambered turns, various types of jumps, berms, rollers, drops, steep and flat sections designed to challenge the riders' ability to stay in control while maintaining maximum speed. Mid-race accidents are expected among racers.

Snowboard cross courses share common traits with motorcycle motocross courses, hence the similarity between the names of each sport. Competition format is typically a time trial followed by a knock-out tournament.
2007 PTT Bangkok Open
The 2007 PTT Bangkok Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 3rd and final edition of the PTT Bangkok Open, and was a Tier III event on the 2007 Sony Ericsson WTA Tour. It was held in Bangkok, Thailand, from 8 October through 14 October 2009. Total prize money for the tournament was $200,000.

Ayumi Morita
Ayumi Morita (森田 あゆみ, Morita Ayumi; born 11 March 1990) is a Japanese former professional tennis player. She reached a career-high ranking of No. 40 in the world in October 2011. At junior level, she reached a combined career-high ranking of No. 3.

Morita is known for strong and consistent two-handed groundstrokes which she hits very flat. She was also regarded as very tough mentally for a young player, often showing great resolve to win close matches despite a lackluster serve. Morita was a small and quick player with excellent footwork and movement around the court.

Morita is one of the most successful Fed Cup players of recent times with a 23–14 match win-loss record for Japan.
Daviesia longifolia
Daviesia longifolia is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is an erect, many-stemmed shrub with scattered, erect, cylindrical phyllodes and yellow and red flowers.

Papilionaceous flower
Papilionaceous flowers (from Latin: papilion, a butterfly) are flowers with the characteristic irregular and butterfly-like corolla found in many, though not all, plants of the species-rich Faboideae subfamily of legumes. Tournefort suggested that the term Flores papilionacei originated with Valerius Cordus, who applied it to the flowers of the bean.
SNAI2
Zinc finger protein SNAI2 (also called SLUG) is a transcription factor that in humans is encoded by the SNAI2 gene. It promotes epithelial to mesenchymal transition, differentiation (e.g. in gastrulation), and migration of cells.

Gastrulation
Gastrulation is the stage in the early embryonic development of most animals, during which the blastula (a single-layered hollow sphere of cells), or in mammals, the blastocyst, is reorganized into a two-layered or three-layered embryo known as the gastrula. Before gastrulation, the embryo is a continuous epithelial sheet of cells; by the end of gastrulation, the embryo has begun differentiation to establish distinct cell lineages, set up the basic axes of the body (e.g. dorsal–ventral, anterior–posterior), and internalized one or more cell types, including the prospective gut.
Thaimu Bangura
Thaimu Bangura (died 1999) was a politician from Sierra Leone. He was a government minister from 1980 to 1982 and again from 1996 to 1999. From 1991 to 1999, Bangura was the National Leader of the People's Democratic Party of Sierra Leone as well as their presidential candidate in the 1996 elections. In that election, Bangura finished 3rd behind winner and current president Ahmad Tejan Kabbah of the SLPP and John Karefa-Smart of the UNPP with 16.07% of the initial round of voting. He did not qualify for the run-off election. He was Minister of Finance of Sierra Leone from March 1996 to May 1997.

United National People's Party
The United National People's Party is a political party in Sierra Leone.

In 1996, the UNPP received 21.6% of the votes in the parliamentary election, winning 17 of the 68 seats. UNPP candidate John Karefa-Smart finished second to current president Ahmad Tejan Kabbah in both the first and second rounds of voting, receiving 22.62% and 40.5% respectively.

In the election held on 14 May 2002, the party won 1.3% of popular votes and no seats in parliament, while its candidate in the presidential election, Karefa-Smart, won 1.0% of the vote.

In the August 2007 general election, the party did not win any seats in parliament, and its presidential candidate, Abdul Kady Karim (whose running mate was Mohamed Sei), took seventh and last place with 7,260 votes, 0.39% of the total.
Epigenetics in learning and memory
While the cellular and molecular mechanisms of learning and memory have long been a central focus of neuroscience, it is only in recent years that attention has turned to the epigenetic mechanisms behind the dynamic changes in gene transcription responsible for memory formation and maintenance. Epigenetic gene regulation often involves the physical marking (chemical modification) of DNA or associated proteins to cause or allow long-lasting changes in gene activity. Epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation and histone modifications (methylation, acetylation, and deacetylation) have been shown to play an important role in learning and memory.

Encoding (memory)
Memory has the ability to encode, store and recall information.  Memories give an organism the capability to learn and adapt from previous experiences as well as build relationships. Encoding allows a perceived item of use or interest to be converted into a construct that can be stored within the brain and recalled later from long-term memory. Working memory stores information for immediate use or manipulation, which is aided through hooking onto previously archived items already present in the long-term memory of an individual.