hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Almonacid-Arellano et al v. Chile
Almonacid-Arellano v. Chile was a landmark case decided by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights in 2006. The case concerned the 1973 extrajudicial execution of teacher Tucapel Jiménez Almonacid-Arellano by Chilean security forces during the military dictatorship. The Court found that Chile had violated the American Convention on Human Rights (ACHR) by failing to investigate and prosecute those responsible, and by applying an amnesty law that prevented accountability.

In its judgment, the Court held that national judges are obligated to review domestic laws for conformity with the ACHR. If a conflict exists, the domestic law must not be applied. The decision is widely cited for reinforcing the principle that international human rights obligations take precedence over conflicting national laws, particularly amnesty laws shielding serious human rights violations.

Municipal law
Municipal law is the national, domestic, or internal law of a sovereign state and is defined in opposition to international law. It encompasses the laws enacted by national, state, or local governments and is concerned with regulating the behavior of individuals, corporations, and entities within the country. Municipal law includes various branches such as criminal law, private law, administrative law, and constitutional law. It is enforced by domestic courts and administrative bodies.

Municipal law is tailored to the unique needs, values, and circumstances of the specific political entity it governs. For instance, traffic regulations, criminal codes, and property laws are all examples of municipal laws that vary from one country to another.
Anti-Lithuanian sentiment
Anti-Lithuanian sentiment (sometimes known as Lithuanophobia) is the hostility, prejudice, discrimination, distrust, racism or xenophobia directed against the Lithuanian people, Lithuania or Lithuanian culture. It may also include persecution, oppression or expulsion of Lithuanians as an ethnic group.

Lithuanians
Lithuanians (Lithuanian: lietuviai) are a Baltic ethnic group. They are native to Lithuania, where they number around 2,378,118 people. Another two million make up the Lithuanian diaspora, largely found in countries such as the United States, United Kingdom, Brazil and Canada. Their native language is Lithuanian, one of only two surviving members of the Baltic language family along with Latvian. According to the census conducted in 2021, 84.6% of the population of Lithuania identified themselves as Lithuanians. Most Lithuanians belong to the Catholic Church, while the Lietuvininkai who lived in the northern part of East Prussia prior to World War II, were mostly Lutherans.
Nicholas Coulton
Nicholas Guy Coulton (born 14 June 1940) was Provost of Newcastle from 1990 to August 2001 and then, when the office title changed, its Dean until 2003.

Coulton was born on 14 June 1940, educated at Blundell's School, and qualified as a solicitor in 1962. He was ordained after a period of study at Ripon College Cuddesdon in 1967. He was curate of Pershore Abbey until 1971 when he became domestic chaplain to the Bishop of St Albans. In 1975 he became Vicar of St Paul’s Bedford, a post he held until his appointment at Newcastle.

From 2003 to 2008 he was a residentiary canon at Christ Church, Oxford.

Newcastle Cathedral
Newcastle Cathedral, formally the Cathedral Church of St Nicholas, is a Church of England cathedral in Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, England. It is the seat of the Bishop of Newcastle and is the mother church of the Diocese of Newcastle.

It is the most northerly diocese of the Anglican Church in England, reaching from the River Tyne as far north as Berwick-upon-Tweed and as far west as Alston in Cumbria. The cathedral is a grade I listed building.

Founded in 1091 during the same period as the nearby castle, the Norman church was destroyed by fire in 1216 and the current building was completed in 1350, so is mostly of the Perpendicular style of the 14th century. Its tower is noted for its 15th-century lantern spire. Heavily restored in 1777, the building was raised to cathedral status in 1882, when it became known as the Cathedral Church of St Nicholas.
Nour Odeh
Nour Odeh is a Palestinian political analyst, activist, researcher, public diplomacy consultant, journalist, author and former spokesperson to Palestinian Authority. She was notably Palestine's first ever female government spokesperson. She is the founding member and committee member of the Democratic National Assembly of Palestine. She is a 1999 graduate of Golden Gate University in San Francisco.

Golden Gate University
Golden Gate University (GGU or Golden Gate) is a private university in San Francisco, California, United States. Founded in 1901, GGU specializes in educating professionals through its schools of law, business, taxation, technology, accounting, and undergraduate studies. The university offers 4 undergraduate degrees and 18 graduate degree programs.
Norman Morrison
Norman R. Morrison (December 29, 1933 – November 2, 1965) was an American anti-war activist. On November 2, 1965, Morrison doused himself in kerosene and set himself on fire below the office of Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara at the Pentagon to protest United States involvement in the Vietnam War, leading to his death. This action was inspired by photographs of Vietnamese children burned by napalm bombings, and may have been inspired by Thích Quảng Đức and other Buddhist monks, who burned themselves to death to protest the repression committed by the South Vietnam government of Catholic President Ngo Dinh Diem.

Anti-war movement
An anti-war movement is a social movement in opposition to one or more nations' decision to start or carry on an armed conflict. The term anti-war can also refer to pacifism, which is the opposition to all use of military force during conflicts, or to anti-war books, paintings, and other works of art. Some activists distinguish between anti-war movements and peace movements. Anti-war activists work through protest and other grassroots means to attempt to pressure a government (or governments) to put an end to a particular war or conflict or to prevent one from arising.
Martin Dematteis
Martin Dematteis (born 24 May 1986) is an Italian male mountain runner and sky runner, one time senior individual European champion at European Mountain Running Championships (2016).

He won a bronze medal in the sport of athletics at senior level with the national team at the 2009 European Cross Country Championships held in Dublin, Ireland.

Skyrunning
Skyrunning is a sport of mountain running above 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) where the minimum average incline is 6% over the total distance and at least 5% has an incline of 30% or more. The climbing difficulty does not exceed II grade UIAA. Poles, crampons, and hands may be used to aid progress. The governing body is the International Skyrunning Federation.

The sport comprises a number of different disciplines from the short, steep Vertical Kilometer to the more popular SkyRace and SkyMarathon. Ultra SkyMarathons are becoming increasingly popular as are short vertical SkySpeed races which include skyscraper racing.
Piano Español
Piano Español is an album by Argentine composer, pianist and conductor Lalo Schifrin recorded in 1959 and originally released on the Tico label. The album was rereleased in 1968 on the Roulette label as Lalolé: The Latin Sound of Lalo Schifrin.

Ernesto Lecuona
Ernesto Lecuona y Casado (Spanish pronunciation: [eɾˈnesto leˈkwona]; August 7, 1896 – November 29, 1963) was a Cuban composer and pianist, many of whose works have become standards of the Latin, jazz and classical repertoires. His over 600 compositions include songs and zarzuelas as well as pieces for piano and symphonic orchestra.

In the 1930s, he helped establish a popular band, the Lecuona Cuban Boys, which showcased some of his most successful pieces and was later taken over by Armando Oréfiche. In the 1950s, Lecuona recorded several LPs, including solo piano albums for RCA Victor. He moved to the United States after the 1959 Cuban Revolution, and died in Spain in 1963.
Alphonso, King of Naples
Alphonso, King of Naples is a 1690 tragedy by the English writer George Powell.

First staged by the United Company at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, the original cast included John Bowman as Alphonso, George Powell as Ferdinand, William Mountfort as  Cesario, John Hodgson as Tachmas, Colley Cibber as Sigismond, John Freeman as Oswell, William Bowen as Fabio and Anne Bracegirdle as Urania.

John Hodgson (actor)
John Hodgson was an English stage actor of the late seventeenth century. He joined the United Company in 1688 and his first recorded appearance was in The Treacherous Brothers at Drury Lane in 1690. In 1695 he was one of several actors who broke away to join Thomas Betterton's new company at Lincoln's Inn Fields. His name is sometimes written as Hudson. He was married to the singer Mary Hodgson.
Iqbal Hossain Emon
Iqbal Hossain Emon (born 5 December 2006) is a Bangladeshi cricketer. A Right arm Medium bowler, Iqbal plays as a Bowler. He made his list A debut for Gazi Tyres Cricket Academy in the 2023–24 Dhaka Premier Division Cricket League on 14 March 2024. He made his Twenty20 debut on 12 December 2024 for Dhaka Division in the 2024–25 National Cricket League Twenty20. In November 2024, he was named in Bangladesh's squad, for the 2024 Under-19 Cricket World Cup squads. Iqbal Hossain Emon named player of the match for his 13 wicket.  In January 2025, he was selected to play for Fortune Barishal in the 2025 Bangladesh Premier League.

2024 Under-19 Cricket World Cup
The 2024 ICC Under-19 Men's Cricket World Cup was an international limited-overs cricket tournament organized by the International Cricket Council (ICC), in South Africa from 19 January to 11 February 2024. It was the fifteenth edition of the Under-19 Cricket World Cup. India were the defending champions.

The tournament was originally scheduled to be held in Sri Lanka, but its hosting was pulled in November 2023 after Sri Lanka Cricket was suspended by the ICC. In the final, Australia defeated India by 79 runs to win their fourth Under-19 Cricket World Cup title.
Ode on a Distant Prospect of Eton College
"Ode on a Distant Prospect of Eton College" is an 18th-century ode by Thomas Gray. It is composed of ten 10-line stanzas that generally follow a ABABCCDEED rhyme sceme, with the B lines and final D line in iambic trimeter and the others in iambic tetrameter. In this poem, Gray coined the phrase "Ignorance is bliss". It occurs in the final stanza of the poem:

To each his suff'rings: all are men,
Condemn'd alike to groan,
The tender for another's pain;
Th' unfeeling for his own.
Yet ah! why should they know their fate?
Since sorrow never comes too late,
And happiness too swiftly flies.
Thought would destroy their paradise.
No more; where ignorance is bliss,
'Tis folly to be wise.

Iambic tetrameter
Iambic tetrameter is a term used in the study of poetic meter, with two different uses.

In the quantitative verse of Ancient Greek and Latin, a line of iambic tetrameter consists of four metra two feet in length, consisting of a spondee and an iamb, or two iambs: | x – u – |. There usually is a caesura in the centre of the line that coincides with the end of the fourth foot, termed diaeresis. Thus the whole line is:

("x" is a syllable that can be long or short, "–" is a long syllable, and "u" is a short one.)

In the poetry of modern English and other languages using accentual-syllabic verse, "iambic tetrameter" denotes a line consisting of four iambic feet.  The scheme is thus:

(In this case, "x" is an unstressed syllable while "/" is a stressed syllable.)

In such traditions, certain poetic forms rely upon the iambic tetrameter, for example triolet, Onegin stanza, In Memoriam stanza, long measure (or long meter) ballad stanza.
Alexeyevka, Yakovlevsky District, Belgorod Oblast
Alexeyevka (Russian: Алексеевка) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Alexeyevskoye Rural Settlement, Yakovlevsky District, Belgorod Oblast, Russia. The population was 1,057 as of 2010. There are 16 streets.

Belgorod Oblast
Belgorod Oblast (Russian: Белгоро́дская о́бласть, romanized: Belgorodskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject (an oblast) of Russia. Its administrative center is the city of Belgorod. As of 2021, the population is 1,540,486.
Poloidal–toroidal decomposition
In vector calculus, a topic in pure and applied mathematics, a poloidal–toroidal decomposition is a restricted form of the Helmholtz decomposition. It is often used in the spherical coordinates analysis of solenoidal vector fields, for example, magnetic fields and incompressible fluids.

Incompressible flow
In fluid mechanics, or more generally continuum mechanics, incompressible flow is a flow in which the material density does not vary over time. Equivalently, the divergence of an incompressible flow velocity is zero. Under certain conditions, the flow of compressible fluids can be modelled as incompressible flow to a good approximation.
Jim Fergus
Jim Fergus (born 1950) is an American author. He has a degree in English from Colorado College and has worked as a tennis teacher and full-time freelance writer. His first novel was One Thousand White Women: The Journals of May Dodd, which won the 1999 Fiction of the Year Award from the Mountains & Plains Booksellers Association and sold over one million copies in the United States. The French translation was on the French bestseller list for 57 weeks and has sold over 400,000 copies in that country.

Colorado College
Colorado College is a private liberal arts college in Colorado Springs, Colorado, United States. Founded in 1874 by Thomas Nelson Haskell in his daughter's memory, the college offers over 40 majors and 30 minors, and enrolls approximately 2,000 undergraduates at its 90-acre (36 ha) campus.

Colorado College is a member of the Associated Colleges of the Midwest, and is a QuestBridge partner. Notable alumni include Diana DeGette, Liz Cheney, Dutch Clark, Thomas Hornsby Ferril, James Heckman, Steve Sabol, Ken Salazar, and Marc Webb. Most of the university's varsity sports teams compete in NCAA Division III, with the exception of Division I teams in men's hockey and women's soccer.
Courtemaîche
Courtemaîche (French pronunciation: [kuʁtəmɛʃ]; Frainc-Comtou: Codgemaîtche) is a former municipality in the district of Porrentruy in the canton of Jura in Switzerland.  On 1 January 2009 the former municipalities of Buix, Courtemaîche and Montignez merged to form the new municipality of Basse-Allaine. It has a total area of 894 km sq (345 sq mile) and a population of 664.

Canton of Jura
The Republic and Canton of Jura (officially in French: République et Canton du Jura), less formally the Canton of Jura or Canton Jura (/ˈ(d)ʒʊərə/ JOOR-ə, ZHOOR-ə; French: [ʒyʁa] ⓘ), is the newest (founded in 1979) of the 26 Swiss cantons, located in the northwestern part of Switzerland. The capital is Delémont. It shares borders with the canton of Basel-Landschaft, the canton of Bern, the canton of Neuchatel, the canton of Solothurn, and the French regions of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté and Grand Est.
Shaista Khan Mosque
The Shaista Khan Mosque (Bengali: শায়েস্তা খাঁর মসজিদ) is a mosque  situated by the Buriganga River at Mitford Area in old Dhaka, in the Dhaka District of Bangladesh. The historically significant architectural monument was built during the Mughal era, by the Mughal Subahdar of Bengal, Shaista Khan.

Subahdar
Subahdar was one of the designations of a governor of a Subah (province) during the Khalji dynasty of Bengal, Mamluk dynasty, Khalji dynasty, Tughlaq dynasty, and the Mughal era who was alternately designated as Sahib-i-Subah or Nazim. The word, Subahdar is of Persian origin. The Subahdar was the head of the Mughal provincial administration. He was assisted by the provincial Diwan, Bakhshi, Faujdar, Kotwal, Qazi, Sadr, Waqa-i-Navis, Qanungo and Patwari. The Subahdars were normally appointed from among the Mughal princes or the officers holding the highest mansabs (ranks).
Lucas Shlimon
Lucas Sarhaddon Shlimon (Arabic: لوكاس سليمان; born 14 February 2003) is a professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Super League Greece 2 club Egaleo. Born in Sweden and of Assyrian ethnicity, he represents the Iraq national team.

Egaleo F.C.
Egaleo City F.C. (Greek: Α.Ο. Αιγάλεω City 1931) is a Greek professional football club based in Aigaleo, a suburban town  in the Athens urban area, Greece. Founded in 1946, it uses all documents of previous club (Ierapolis F.C., founded in 1931). The team currently competes in the Super League 2, the second tier of Greek football and it holds home matches at Stavros Mavrothalassitis Stadium.

Club colours are blue and white.
Enarj Enawga
Enarj Enawga (Amharic: እናርጅ እናውጋ) is one of the woredas in the Amhara Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Misraq Gojjam Zone, Enarj Enawga is bordered on the south by Enemay, on the southwest by Debay Telatgen, on the west by Hulet Ej Enese, on the north by Goncha Siso Enese, on the northeast by Enbise Sar Midir, on the east by the Abbay River which separates it from the Debub Wollo Zone, and on the southeast by Shebel Berenta. Towns in Enarj Enawga include Debre Werq and Felege Berhan.

Blue Nile
The Blue Nile is a river originating at Lake Tana in Ethiopia. It travels for approximately 1,450 km (900 mi) through Ethiopia and Sudan. Along with the White Nile, it is one of the two major tributaries of the Nile and supplies about 85.6% of the water to the Nile during the rainy season.
Panniculus
The panniculus (often incorrectly referred to as pannus) is a dense layer of fatty tissue consisting of excess subcutaneous fat within the lower abdominal region. Panniculi can form after rapid weight loss, as seen with strict exercise plans, in which case the abdominal fat is successfully reduced, but the then excess skin hangs loosely over the area. (It can be a result of obesity in and of itself, hence the acronym FUPA: Fatty Upper Pelvic Area, and can even be mistaken for a tumor or hernia.) Abdominal panniculus can be removed during abdominal panniculectomy, a type of abdominoplasty.  A panniculus can also be the result of loose tissues after pregnancy or massive weight loss.

Abdominoplasty
Abdominoplasty or "tummy tuck" is a cosmetic surgery procedure used to make the abdomen thinner and more firm. The surgery involves the removal of excess skin and fat from the middle and lower abdomen in order to tighten the muscle and fascia of the abdominal wall. This type of surgery is usually sought by patients with loose or sagging tissues, that develop after pregnancy or major weight loss.
Santiago Álvarez (writer)
Santiago Álvarez is a Spanish writer, musician and theatre practitioner. He was born in Murcia in 1973. He has published a number of short stories and two novels: La Ciudad de la Memoria (2015) and El Jardín de Cartón (2016). He has also written, directed and acted in stage plays and musicals, and recorded several albums. He is a specialist in the history of Valencia. He is also regarded as the first tutor in Spain of Scrivener, the software programme for writers.

Scrivener
A scrivener is a professional copyist or scribe whose occupation involves writing or preparing official documents, such as deeds, contracts, mortgages, and other legal instruments, typically for a fee. The profession originated in medieval Europe amid low literacy rates, where scriveners handled essential secretarial, administrative, and notarial duties, often functioning in the lower echelons of the legal field akin to early solicitors. Scriveners later developed into notaries, court reporters, and in England and Wales, scrivener notaries. Styles of handwriting used by scriveners included secretary hand, book hand and court hand.
Economy of West Virginia
In 2021, the gross state product of West Virginia was $72.48 billion, an increase from $69.71 billion in the previous year. West Virginia's unemployment rate in August 2019 was 4.6%, the lowest since the start of the Great Recession. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, West Virginia's unemployment rate rose to 6.1% in December 2020. By November 2022, the unemployment rate returned to its pre-pandemic level of 4.1%.

Nitro, West Virginia
Nitro is a city in Kanawha and Putnam counties in the U.S. state of West Virginia. It takes its name from a World War I-era nitrocellulose plant. The population was 6,618 according to the 2020 census. It is part of the Charleston metropolitan area.
Khetran
The Khetrans are an ethnolinguistic group primarily native to Barkhan in Balochistan and Dera Ghazi Khan in Punjab, Pakistan. Their total population was estimated at approximately 150,000 in 2017, with at least two-thirds speaking their native Khetrani language, an Indo-Aryan language. Many Khetrans in Barkhan are also bilingual in Balochi, while those settled further east in the Dera Ghazi Khan region commonly speak Saraiki.

Saraiki language
Saraiki ( سرائیکی, Sarā'īkī, [səɾaːiːkiː]; also spelt Siraiki, or Seraiki) is a Lahnda language variety within the Indo-Aryan language family. It is spoken by 28.84 million people, as per the 2023 Pakistani census, taking prevalence in Southern Punjab with remants in Northern Sindh and Southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

Saraiki has partial mutual intelligibility with Standard Punjabi, and it shares with it a large portion of its vocabulary and morphology. At the same time in its phonology it is radically different (particularly in the lack of tones, the preservation of the voiced aspirates and the development of implosive consonants), and has important grammatical features in common with the Sindhi language spoken to the south.

Due to effects of dominant languages in Pakistani media like Urdu, Standard Punjabi and English and religious impact of Arabic and Persian, Saraiki like other regional varieties of Pakistan are continuously expanding its vocabulary base with loan words.
Woldgate
Woldgate is a minor road in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England, which follows the line of a Roman road.  It runs for a distance of 10 miles (16 km) from a junction with the A165 on the western edge of Bridlington, through the village of Kilham, to a junction with the B1249 4 miles (6 km) north of Driffield.  For most of its length Woldgate follows a low ridge of the Yorkshire Wolds, with extensive views to north and south.

The Roman road ran from the coast at Bridlington to York.  Its line can be traced west from the western end of Woldgate along a series of bridleways and minor roads, and then a stretch of the A166, to Stamford Bridge, where it crossed the River Derwent by a ford.

Woldgate was the subject of a series of landscapes created in 2006 by the artist David Hockney.

National Cycle Route 1 follows the eastern part of Woldgate.

Stamford Bridge, East Riding of Yorkshire
Stamford Bridge is a village and civil parish on the River Derwent in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England, approximately 5 miles (8 km) east of York and 22 miles (35 km) west of Driffield. The village sits astride an ancient ford on the River Derwent.

Stamford Bridge is known for the Roman fort Derventio, the Battle of Stamford Bridge (1066 AD), Stamford Bridge railway station and Stamford Bridge Viaduct on the disused York–Beverley railway, and the Stamford Bridge road crossing of the River Derwent.