hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sobra, Mali
Sobra is a  rural commune in the Kati Cercle of the Koulikoro Region of Mali. The commune covers an area of approximately 938 square kilometers and contains 10 villages. In the 2009 census it had a population of 9,900. The administrative centre (chef-lieu) is the village of Sandama.

Kati Cercle
Kati Cercle is an administrative subdivision of the Koulikoro Region of Mali. Its seat is the town of Kati, which is also its largest town. It lies at the southwest corner of the region, and completely surrounds the Bamako Capital District. Until the capital was hived off in 1977, the combined Cercle was called Bamako Cercle, with the capital city as its seat.

Kati Cercle is home to primarily Bambara and Malinke farmers, as well as Bozo and Fula populations. The Kati area formed part of the pre-colonial Beledougou region of the Mali Empire, Bambara Empire, and was amongst the first places colonised by the French in the last decade of the 19th century.

The Cercle falls largely south of the dryer Sahel land, in the wetter Sudan. Through it runs the fertile valley of the Niger River, home to groundnut, cotton, and tobacco farms, as well as being a major transportation and fishing resource.
In the Basement of the Ivory Tower
In the Basement of the Ivory Tower: Confessions of an Accidental Academic is a 2011 book by an adjunct professor of English, who writes under the pen name Professor X.  It is based on an Atlantic Monthly article of the same title.  "Professor X teaches at a private college and at a community college in the northeastern United States" and argues that "The idea that a university education is for everyone is a destructive myth."

The Christian Science Monitor
The Christian Science Monitor (CSM), commonly known as The Monitor, is a nonprofit news organization that publishes daily articles both in electronic format and a weekly print edition. It was founded in 1908 as a daily newspaper by Mary Baker Eddy, founder of the new religious movement Christian Science, Church of Christ, Scientist.

Since its founding, the newspaper has been based in Boston. Over its existence, seven Monitor journalists have been awarded the Pulitzer Prize, including Edmund Stevens  (1950), John Hughes (1968), Howard James (1968), Robert Cahn (1969), Richard Strout (1978), David S. Rohde (1996), and Clay Bennett (2002).
Clodfelter
Clodfelter is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Dan Clodfelter (born 1950), American politician and attorney

Mark Clodfelter (born 1950), American politician

Melvin Clodfelter (1904–1983), American wrestler

Todd Clodfelter (born 1957), American politician

Thomas Clodfelter (1950–2020), American entrepreneur and network specialist.

James Clodfelter (born 1951) American politician and attorney

Dan Clodfelter
Daniel G. Clodfelter (born June 2, 1950) is an American politician and attorney from North Carolina. He served as a Democratic member of the North Carolina General Assembly representing the State's thirty-seventh Senate district, which includes constituents in Mecklenburg County, from January 1999 through April 8, 2014, when he resigned after being appointed Mayor of Charlotte, North Carolina.
Mardi Hastings
Mardi Cox Hastings is an American mechanical engineer specializing in undersea acoustics, including "the generation, propagation, and biological effects of anthropogenic sound in the marine environment" and especially the effects of human-generated sound on fish. She is a retired professor at Georgia Tech and a former president of the Acoustical Society of America.

Acoustical Society of America
The Acoustical Society of America (ASA) is an international scientific society founded in 1929 dedicated to generating, disseminating and promoting the knowledge of acoustics and its practical applications. The Society is primarily a voluntary organization of about 7500 members and attracts the interest, commitment, and service of many professionals.
Manarat Dhaka International School and College
Manarat Dhaka International School & College (MDIC) (from the Arabic word منارة manārat "beacon") is a trust-owned school in Gulshan, Dhaka, Bangladesh. It offers British Curriculum from play-group to advanced level, offering GCE O-Level and GCE A-Level examinations, held by Cambridge International Education. Manarat emphasizes moral teachings and etiquette more than textbook knowledge. It encourages its students to learn Arabic from a very young age (up to grade 6). It also stresses Islamic teachings and inspires students to strengthen their iman.

The current principal of the school is Brig Gen S. M. Mahbub-Ul-Alam, OSP, SGP, ndc, psc (retd) and the school's vice principals are Professor Tahmina Yeasmeen and Md. Anwarul Hossain.

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the school was closed and classes & exams were taken through the online platform Zoom between March 2020 and March 2022.

Cambridge O-Level
Cambridge O-Level is one of many school qualifications offered by Cambridge International Education (CIE) for students typically aged 14–16. It is considered equivalent to the UK General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) and the IGCSE (also offered by Cambridge), and acts as a foundation for CIE's higher-level school qualifications such as the Cambridge International AS & A Levels. The qualification is generally exam-based with little to no coursework options, and continues internationally as an adaptation of the GCE Ordinary Level, which was abolished in the United Kingdom in 1988.
Natalia Annenko
Natalia Valeryevna Annenko (Russian: Наталья Валерьевна Анненко, born April 17, 1964) is a Russian former ice dancer who competed for the Soviet Union. She won the 1982 World Junior Figure Skating Championships with partner Vadim Karkachev. She later went on to compete with Genrikh Sretenski. With Sretenski, she is the 1988 European silver medalist and three-time (1986, 1987, 1989) European bronze medalist. They placed fourth at the 1988 Winter Olympics.

Annenko teamed up with Sretenski in 1982. They were coached by Ludmila Pakhomova and Tatiana Tarasova. After leaving eligible skating in 1989, they skated with Stars on Ice for four seasons.

Annenko was married to Peter Tchernyshev but they divorced after seven years. She is remarried and now known as Natalia Deller or Natalia Annenko-Deller. She coaches at the Detroit Skating Club in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan.

1988 European Figure Skating Championships
The 1988 European Figure Skating Championships was a senior-level international competition held in Prague, Czechoslovakia (present-day Czech Republic) on January 22–27, 1988. Elite skaters from European ISU member nations competed in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing.
Burmese–Siamese War (1809–1812)
The Burmese–Siamese War (1809–1812) or the Burmese Invasion of Thalang was an armed conflict fought between Burma under Konbaung dynasty and Siam under the Chakri dynasty, during the period of June 1809 and January 1812. The war centered on the control of the Phuket Island, also known as Thalang or Junk Ceylon, and the tin rich Andaman Coast. The war also involved the Kedah Sultanate. This occasion was the last Burmese offensive expedition into Siamese territories in Thai history, with British acquisition of the Tenasserim Coast in 1826, following the First Anglo-Burmese War, removing several hundred miles of the existing land border between Siam and Burma. The war also left Phuket devastated and depopulated for many decades until its reemergence as a tin mining center in the late 19th century.

Andaman Sea
The Andaman Sea (historically also known as the Burma Sea) is a marginal sea of the northeastern Indian Ocean bounded by the coastlines of Myanmar and Thailand along the Gulf of Martaban and the west side of the Malay Peninsula, and separated from the Bay of Bengal to its west by the Andaman Islands and the Nicobar Islands.  Its southern end is at Breueh Island just north of Sumatra, with the Strait of Malacca further southeast.

Traditionally, the sea has been used for fishery and transportation of goods between the coastal countries and its coral reefs and islands, which are popular tourist destinations.  The fishery and tourist infrastructure was severely damaged by the December 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami.
Écorcheurs
The écorcheurs (French: [ekɔʁʃœʁ], lit. "flayers") were armed bands who desolated France in the reign of Charles VII, stripping their victims of everything, often to their very clothes.

They were mercenaries without employment since the Treaty of Arras which ended disputes between the Armagnacs and Burgundians in 1435. Rodrigo de Villandrando was known as the "Emperor of Pillagers" (empereur des brigands) and "L'Écorcheur" (the flayer).

Burgundian (party)
The Burgundian party was a political allegiance against France that formed during the latter half of the Hundred Years' War. The term "Burgundians" refers to the supporters of the Duke of Burgundy, John the Fearless, that formed after the assassination of Louis I, Duke of Orléans. Their opposition to the Armagnac party, the supporters of Charles, Duke of Orléans, led to a civil war in the early 15th century, itself part of the larger Hundred Years' War.
Kailashtilla Gas Field
Kailashtilla Gas Field (Bengali: কৈলাসটিলা গ্যাসক্ষেত্র) is a natural gas field at Sylhet, Bangladesh. It was discovered in 1962 by Pakistan Shell Oil Company. It started producing gas in 1983. It is controlled by Sylhet Gas Fields Limited. This gas field is situated nearly 35 km away from Beanibazar Gas Field. In 2012, conducting a 3D seismic surveys, Bangladesh Petroleum Exploration and Production Company (BAPEX) found nearly 137 million barrels oil reserves in Kailashtilla and Haripur; of which 109 million barrels of oil reserves were discovered in Kailashtilla and the remaining 28 million barrels in Haripur. Oil was first discovered in Haripur field in the 1980s. According to BAPEX, the oil found in Kailashtila field is lighter and easily extractable, then that in Haripur.

Shell USA
Shell USA, Inc. (formerly Shell Oil Company, Inc.)  is the United States–based wholly owned subsidiary of Shell plc, a UK-based transnational corporation "oil major" which is among the largest oil companies in the world. Approximately 18,000 Shell employees are based in the U.S. Its U.S. headquarters are in Houston, Texas. Shell USA, including its consolidated companies and its share in equity companies, is one of America's largest oil and natural gas producers, natural gas marketers, fuel marketers and petrochemical manufacturers.
Mizuto Hirota
Mizuto Hirota (Japanese: 廣田瑞人, Hirota Mizuto; born May 5, 1981) is a Japanese mixed martial artist currently competing in the Featherweight division of the Rizin Fighting Federation. A professional competitor since 2005, he appeared in the Japanese MMA event Dynamite!! 2009 event and has also competed for Ultimate Fighting Championship, Shooto, and Strikeforce.

Deep (mixed martial arts)
Deep (previously Deep2001) is a Japan-based mixed martial arts promoting and sanctioning organization. It is promoted by Shigeru Saeki who is also the former Public Relations Director of Pride Fighting Championships. Their inaugural event took place in 2001 and featured Paulo Filho and Royler Gracie. On May 17, 2008, Deep announced a partnership with ZST to share fighters, co-promote shows and eventually unify the promotions.
Iliana Fox
Iliana Fox (born Iliana Jan Fox Gaitán on 3 January 1977) is a Mexican actress.

Fox grew up in Mexico, but with periods of residence in Canada and the UK. She has participated in various telenovelas such as Machos and Mirada de Mujer: El Regreso. She studied singing with Carlos Fernández and later enrolled in the TV Azteca School (CEFAC) where she studied with Raúl Quintanilla. Her first telenovela was Señora. Her first leading role was in Ellas in 1999. In her first major film, Kilometer 31, she played the lead.

In 2013, Fox co-starred in the series Fortuna , playing a police officer or agent on the Mexican channel Cadena Tres. Later that year, Fox appeared in the TV Azteca telenovela Prohibido amar.

In 2016, she co-starred with Ludwika Paleta in the film Parallel Paths.

Kilometer 31
Kilometer 31  (Kilómetro 31 or km 31)  is a 2006 Mexican supernatural horror film, written and directed by Rigoberto Castañeda. The film is inspired by the Crying Woman legend (La Llorona) and legends about highway ghosts.
Ectoedemia spinosella
Ectoedemia spinosella is a moth of the family Nepticulidae. It is found in southern Europe, reaching in the north to the southern part of Great Britain, the Netherlands, central Germany and Poland. It has also been recorded from the Crimea, the Caucasus and the European part of the former Soviet Union. It is common in western Turkmenistan.

The wingspan is 3.2-4.9 mm for males and 3.4–5 mm for females. Adults are on wing in August and October.

The larvae feed on Prunus cerasifera, Prunus domestica, Prunus dulcis, Prunus fruticosa, Prunus spinosa and Prunus webbii. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

Male genitalia

Prunus cerasifera
Prunus cerasifera is a species of plum known by the common names cherry plum and myrobalan plum. Native to Eurasia and naturalized elsewhere, P. cerasifera is believed to be one of the parents of the cultivated plum.
Vidyut (given name)
Vidyut is an Indian masculine/feminine given name. The Sanskrit word vidyut has several meanings including "electric current" "shining, glittering", "lightning" and "the dawn". Notable people with this name are:

Vidyut Jammwal (born 1980), Indian film actor/ Martial Artist

Vidyut Sivaramakrishnan (born 1981), Indian cricketer

Vidyut Gore (born 6 December 1976), Indian part-time blogger, new media journalist, campaigner and activist.

Vidyut Gore
Vidyut Gore (Hindi pronunciation: [ʋɪd̪.jʊt̪ ɡor]) (born 6 December 1976), previously known as Vidyut Kale and sometimes simply as Vidyut is an outspoken Indian part-time blogger, new media journalist, campaigner and activist. She became noted for work exposing domestic abuse in Indian families, and her work in exposing political and public corruption in India has also been covered in both the Indian media and international media. Her challenges to Indian digital censorship, has been covered in academic study, and United Nations CSTD studies. She has been quoted numerous times by mainstream Indian media on social and political issues. In August 2019, she launched the Alt Sarkar spoof alternative government role-play project that has received diverse media attention.
2018–19 Clemson Tigers men's basketball team
The 2018–19 Clemson Tigers men's basketball team represented Clemson University during the 2018–19 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. Led by ninth-year head coach Brad Brownell, the Tigers played their home games at Littlejohn Coliseum in Clemson, South Carolina as members of the Atlantic Coast Conference.

They finished the season 20–14, 9–9 in ACC Play to finish a tie for 8th place. They lost in the second round of the ACC tournament to NC State. They received an at-large bid to the National Invitation Tournament where they defeated Wright State in the first round before losing in the second round to Wichita State.

2019 ACC men's basketball tournament
The 2019 ACC men's basketball tournament was the 66th annual postseason men's basketball tournament for the Atlantic Coast Conference, held March 12–16, 2019, at the Spectrum Center in Charlotte, North Carolina.

The Virginia Cavaliers and North Carolina Tar Heels entered the tournament as the top two seeds, both with 16–2 conference, and ranked #2 and #3 in the country respectively. Both teams were defeated in the semifinals, by the #4 Florida State Seminoles (ranked #12 nationally) and the #3 Duke Blue Devils (ranked #5 nationally). Duke defeated Florida State, 73–63, in the championship game, claiming their 21st ACC Tournament title and 15th during head coach Mike Krzyzewski's tenure.  Duke's Zion Williamson was named the tournament's MVP.
Harmonic bin packing
Harmonic bin-packing is a family of online algorithms for bin packing. The input to such an algorithm is a list of items of different sizes. The output is a packing - a partition of the items into bins of fixed capacity, such that the sum of sizes of items in each bin is at most the capacity. Ideally, we would like to use as few bins as possible, but minimizing the number of bins is an NP-hard problem.

The harmonic bin-packing algorithms rely on partitioning the items into categories based on their sizes, following a Harmonic progression. There are several variants of this idea.

Harmonic progression (mathematics)
In mathematics, a harmonic progression (or harmonic sequence) is a progression formed by taking the reciprocals of an arithmetic progression, which is also known as an arithmetic sequence.

Equivalently, a sequence is a harmonic progression when each term is the harmonic mean of the neighboring terms.

As a third equivalent characterization, it is an infinite sequence of the form

where a is not zero and −a/d is not a natural number, or a finite sequence of the form

where a is not zero, k is a natural number and −a/d is not a natural number or is greater than k.
Howmeh Rural District (Dashtestan County)
Howmeh Rural District (Persian: دهستان حومه) is in the Central District of Dashtestan County, Bushehr province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Sar Korreh. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Khvosh Makan.

Bushehr province
Bushehr Province (Persian: استان بوشهر) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is in the south of the country, with a long coastline on the Persian Gulf. Its capital is the city of Bushehr.

The province was made a part of Region 2 upon the division of the provinces into five regions, solely for coordination and development purposes, on 22 June 2014.
January 1871 Paris uprising
On January 22, 1871, a contingent of France's National Guard marched on Paris's City Hall (Hôtel de Ville). The group opposed the armistice that was being drafted, believing that the French government had sabotaged their military. Demonstrators released Gustave Flourens and marched on the City Hall, including 150 guardsmen. But unlike the larger City Hall uprising three months earlier, Breton Mobile Guards defended the building. Five died, and 18 were wounded. Though the event had been smaller than the October uprising, the January insurrection irreconcilably split Paris's factions and presaged the coming civil war.

Revolutionaries involved in the uprising included Louise Michel, Sophie Poirier, and Andre Leo. At the demonstration, Michel dressed as a National Guard with a rifle and rallied for a Commune, a revolutionary government.

Sophie Poirier
Sophie Poirier (1830–1875) was a French seamstress and, during the Paris Commune, a communard. She started a seamstress co-operative with profit sharing during the 1870 Siege of Paris. It closed before the rise of the Commune. She chaired the Montmartre Vigilance Committee during this time, where she worked with Louise Michel. Poirier also founded the Boule Noire women's political club, which voted for the arrest of archbishop Georges Darboy and the destruction of the Vendôme Column. After the fall of the Commune, Poirier was deported to a penal colony. She died in custody in Rouen in 1875.
Brachial amelia, cleft lip, and holoprosencephaly
Brachial amelia, cleft lip, and holoprosencephaly, or Yim–Ebbin syndrome, is a very rare multi-systemic genetic disorder which is characterized by brachial amelia  (mainly that affecting the upper limbs) cleft lip, and forebrain defects such as holoprosencephaly. Approximately five cases of this disorder have been described in medical literature.

Other signs include hydrocephalus and an iris coloboma. It was first described by Yim and Ebbin in 1982, and later by Thomas and Donnai in 1994. In 1996, a third case was reported by Froster et al. who suggested that the three cases were related and represented a distinct syndrome. In 2000, a similar case was reported by Pierri et al.

Amelia (birth defect)
Amelia is the birth defect of lacking one or more limbs. The term may be modified to indicate the number of legs or arms missing at birth, such as tetra-amelia for the absence of all four limbs. The term is from Ancient Greek  ἀ- 'lack of' and  μέλος 'limb'.
Star Hawkins
Star Hawkins is a science fiction detective character appearing in media published by DC Comics, primarily their flagship science-fiction anthology title Strange Adventures. He and his ever-present robot assistant Ilda first appeared in Strange Adventures #114 (March 1960) and featured in 21 issues of the title, but after that only made four other appearances in other DC Comics before he was killed off in Mystery In Space vol 2 #2 (December 2006). The characters were created by John Broome and Mike Sekowsky.

Howard Chaykin
Howard Victor Chaykin (/ˈtʃeɪkɪn/; born October 7, 1950) is an American comic book artist and writer. Chaykin's influences include his one-time employer and mentor, Gil Kane, and the mid-20th century illustrators Robert Fawcett and Al Parker. His career, which started out as a gofer for Gil Kane at the age of 19, spanned working for various comic book artists and writers, ultimately arriving at developing and drawing his own characters alone and in collaborations during the course of 50 years. He worked for nearly all the biggest publishers, including DC Comics, Marvel Comics, First Comics, and Epic Comics. Beyond the realm of comics, his work can be found in graphic books and television animated shows.
Jesús Martínez Álvarez
Jesús Emilio Martínez Álvarez (born 18 September 1944) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the Citizens' Movement (formerly with the Institutional Revolutionary Party). He was interim Governor of Oaxaca from 1985 to 1986 and previously served as municipal president of Oaxaca, Oaxaca, from 1978 to 1980.

He also has served in the Chamber of Deputies on two occasions: during the 53rd Congress (1985–1988) representing the third district of Oaxaca for the PRI,  and during the 59th Congress (2003–2006) as a Convergencia (as the Citizens' Movement was then known) plurinominal deputy for the third region.

3rd federal electoral district of Oaxaca
The 3rd federal electoral district of Oaxaca (Spanish: Distrito electoral federal 03 de Oaxaca) is one of the 300 electoral districts into which Mexico is divided for elections to the federal Chamber of Deputies and one of 10 such districts in the state of Oaxaca.

It elects one deputy to the lower house of Congress for each three-year legislative period by means of the first-past-the-post system. Votes cast in the district also count towards the calculation of proportional representation ("plurinominal") deputies elected from the third region.

The current member for the district, re-elected in the 2024 general election, is Margarita García García of the Labour Party (PT).
Hunger (Janis Ian album)
Hunger is the sixteenth studio album by the American folk singer/songwriter Janis Ian, released in 1997. It is the follow-up to her 1995 album, Revenge.  Recording was held in various studios in the spring of 1997.  Production for the album was initially handled by an unnamed producer, but disagreements between Ian and the producer caused that producer to leave and Jeff Balding was brought in to finish production work.

Janis Ian
Janis Ian (born Janis Eddy Fink; April 7, 1951) is an American singer-songwriter who was most commercially successful in the 1960s and 1970s. Her signature songs are the 1966/67 hit "Society's Child (Baby I've Been Thinking)" and the 1975 Top Ten single "At Seventeen", from her seventh studio album Between the Lines, which in September 1975 reached No. 1 on the U.S. Billboard 200 chart.

Born in Farmingdale, New Jersey, Ian entered the American folk music scene while still a teenager in the mid-1960s. Most active musically in that decade and the 1970s, she has continued recording into the 21st century. She has won two Grammy Awards, the first in 1975 for "At Seventeen" and the second in 2013 for Best Spoken Word Album, for her autobiography, Society's Child, with ten nominations in eight categories.

Ian is a columnist and science fiction author.