hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gordon's Ferry
Gordon's Ferry is both a geographical location and a historic site in Bakersfield, California. It is located where China Grade Loop crosses the Kern River and meets with Alfred Harrell Highway in Northeast Bakersfield. It is named after a ferry that used to cross the river near the existing bridge. It was one of the only eastern crossings, until 1877, when the Jewett Avenue bridge was constructed farther west. It is California Historical Landmark #137.

Historic site
A historic site or heritage site is an official location where pieces of political, military, cultural, or social history have been preserved due to their cultural heritage value. Historic sites are usually protected by law, and many have been recognized with official historic status. A historic site may be any building, landscape, site or structure that is of local, regional, national, or global significance. Usually this also means the site must be at least 50 years or older.
Philip K. Wrigley
Philip Knight Wrigley (December 5, 1894 – April 12, 1977) was an American chewing gum manufacturer and a Major League Baseball executive, inheriting both of those roles as the son of William Wrigley Jr.

Chewing gum
Chewing gum is a soft, cohesive substance designed to be chewed without being swallowed. Modern chewing gum is composed of gum base, sweeteners, softeners/plasticizers, flavors, colors, and, typically, a hard or powdered polyol coating. Its texture is reminiscent of rubber because of the physical-chemical properties of its polymer, plasticizer, and resin components, which contribute to its elastic-plastic, sticky, chewy characteristics.
Glen Creason
Glen Creason is an American libriarian who was formerly the map librarian in the History & Genealogy department at the Los Angeles Central Library, a post he held from 1979 to 2021. He is also the author of Los Angeles in Maps and is a guest writer for many publications such as Los Angeles Magazine, additionally serving as a public speaker on the topics of maps, local history, and music. Creason is featured in Susan Orlean's chronicle of the Central Library, The Library Book.

Los Angeles (magazine)
Los Angeles, formerly known as Southern California Prompter, is a monthly magazine based in Los Angeles, California. It focuses on telling regional news, culture, lifestyle, entertainment, and fashion stories from Los Angeles and the broader Southern California area.
Kontinkangas
Kontinkangas is a district of Oulu, Finland. It is located to the east of the National road 4 and to the north of the National road 22 about two kilometers from the city centre. Its neighbouring districts are Kaukovainio, Raksila, Peltola and Oulunsuu.

Kontinkangas is primarily an employment area. There were only 660 people living in the area in 2014 while about 9000 employees worked in the district (2011). Most of the major employers are in the healthcare and education industries: Oulu University Hospital, Oulu City Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Oulu, Oulu University of Applied Sciences, Oulu Vocational College and Technopolis Science Park.

Oulu University of Applied Sciences
Oulu University of Applied Sciences (OAMK) (Finnish: Oulun ammattikorkeakoulu) is a university of applied sciences in Oulu, Finland, with approximately 9,000 students, including around 240 international degree students. The number of incoming exchange students annually is approximately 280.
Burstall (surname)
Burstall is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Betty Burstall (1926–2013), Australian theatre director

Emma Burstall (born 1961), English author

Henry Edward Burstall (1870–1945), Canadian general

Rod Burstall (1934–2025), British computer scientist

Tim Burstall (1927–2004), Australian filmmaker

Sara Annie Burstall (1859–1939), educationalist

Tim Burstall
Timothy Burstall AM (20 April 1927 – 19 April 2004) was an English Australian film director, writer and producer, best known for hit Australian movie Alvin Purple (1973) and its sequel Alvin Rides Again (1974).

Burstall's films featured early appearances by many legendary Australian actors including Jack Thompson, Bruce Spence, Jacki Weaver, Alvin star Graeme Blundell, John Waters and Judy Davis.

Speaking just after Burstall's death, David Williamson said that Burstall "couldn't stomach" Australia's lack of a film industry. "He was determined to do something about it and he had the energy and spirit to do it. (He) was a very important cultural figure: highly intelligent, widely read, with a succinct and often highly controversial opinion on everything."
To Hurt and to Heal
To Hurt and to Heal is a Canadian documentary film, directed by Laura Sky and released in 1986. The film presents a portrait of neonatal medical care, centred on the stories of three children: a child who was born premature and survived for six weeks before his death; a "miracle baby" who was saved by emergency heart surgery; and a child who was left disabled by an emergency tracheotomy that left him permanently unable to ever breathe on his own without a mechanical respirator.

The film first received a two-part screening at Toronto's CentreStage Forum in November 1986, before being screened as a full feature documentary film at the 1987 Mayworks Festival and the 1987 Festival of Festivals.

The film received a Genie Award nomination for Best Feature Length Documentary at the 9th Genie Awards in 1988.

Cardiac surgery
Cardiac surgery, or cardiovascular surgery, is a  surgery on the heart or great vessels performed by cardiac surgeons. It is often used to treat complications of ischemic heart disease (for example, with coronary artery bypass grafting); to correct congenital heart disease; or to treat valvular heart disease from various causes, including endocarditis, rheumatic heart disease, and atherosclerosis. It also includes heart transplantation.
Augšdaugavas NSS
Augšdaugavas NSS, previously Ilūkstes NSS, is a Latvian football club located in Ilūkste which plays in the Optibet Nākotnes Līga (1. līga). The club plays its home matches at the Ilūkste City Stadium with a capacity of 300 people.

Latvian Higher League
Latvian Higher League or Virslīga, also known as TonyBet Virslīga for sponsorship reasons, is a professional association football league in Latvia and the highest level of the Latvian football league system. Organised by the Latvian Football Federation, the league is contested by ten clubs.
Margaret of the Palatinate
Margaret of the Palatinate (German: Margarete von der Pfalz; 1376 – 26 August 1434, Einville-au-Jard) was the daughter of Rupert of Germany and his wife Elisabeth of Nuremberg. She married Charles II, Duke of Lorraine on 6 February 1393. Her maternal grandparents were Frederick V, Burgrave of Nuremberg and Elisabeth of Meissen. One of her grandchildren was Margaret of Anjou, Queen Consort of King Henry VI of England.

Her children with Charles II of Lorraine included:

Isabella, Duchess of Lorraine (1400–1453), heiress of Lorraine and wife of René I of Naples

Louis (died young)

Ralph (died young)

Catherine de Lorraine (1407–1439), wife of Jacob, Margrave of Baden

René of Anjou
René I of Anjou (Italian: Renato; Occitan: Rainièr; 16 January 1409 – 10 July 1480) was Duke of Anjou and Count of Provence from 1434 to 1480, who also reigned as King of Naples from 1435 to 1442 (then deposed). Having spent his last years in Aix-en-Provence, he is known in France as the Good King René (Occitan: Rei Rainièr lo Bòn; French: Le bon roi René).

René was a member of the House of Valois-Anjou, a cadet branch of the French royal house, and the great-grandson of John II of France.  He was a prince of the blood, and for most of his adult life also the brother-in-law of the reigning king Charles VII of France. Other than the aforementioned titles, he was also Duke of Bar from the 1420s onwards and Duke of Lorraine from 1431 to 1453.
Gandab, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari
Gandab (Persian: گنداب, also Romanized as Gandāb) is a village in Poshtkuh Rural District, Falard District, Lordegan County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 270, in 55 families. The village is populated by Lurs.

Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province
Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province (Persian: استان چهارمحال و بختیاری) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its capital is the city of Shahr-e Kord. The province lies in the southwest of the country, with an area of 16,332 square kilometers.

The province was classified as part of Region 2 upon the division of the provinces into 5 regions solely for coordination and development purposes on June 22, 2014.

Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province lies in the heart of the Zagros Mountains, a mountain range that stretches across north-western Iran and forms a natural barrier between Iran and Iraq.
Shklov
Shklov or Shklow is a town in Mogilev region, Belarus, located 35 kilometres (22 mi) north of Mogilev on the Dnieper River. It serves as the administrative center of Shklov district. It has a railway station on the line between Orsha and Mogilev. In 2009, its population was 16,439. As of 2025, it has a population of 14,738.

Mogilev region
Mogilev region, also known as Mogilev oblast or Mahilyow voblasts, is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is the city of Mogilev.

Important cities within the region include Mogilev, Asipovichy and Babruysk.
Gilliard's bird-of-paradise
Gilliard's bird-of-paradise  is a bird in the family Paradisaeidae that is a hybrid between a raggiana bird-of-paradise and lesser bird-of-paradise.  It is known from adult male specimens taken in the upper Baiyer Valley in Papua New Guinea.  It was named after American ornithologist Ernest Thomas Gilliard by Clifford Frith and Bruce Beehler.

Clifford Brodie Frith
Clifford Brodie Frith OAM (born 1949) is an Australian ornithologist and wildlife photographer. He and his wife Dawn Whyatt Frith have studied and published on Australian birds for many years, and publish books as Frith & Frith.
Stratification (water)
Stratification in water is the formation in a body of water of relatively distinct and stable layers by density. It occurs in all water bodies where there is stable density variation with depth. Stratification is a barrier to the vertical mixing of water, which affects the exchange of heat, carbon, oxygen and nutrients. Wind-driven upwelling and downwelling of open water can induce mixing of different layers through the stratification, and force the rise of denser cold, nutrient-rich, or saline water and the sinking of lighter warm or fresher water, respectively. Layers are based on water density: denser water remains below less dense water in stable stratification in the absence of forced mixing.

Stratification occurs in several kinds of water bodies, such as oceans, lakes, estuaries, flooded caves, aquifers and some rivers.

Pycnocline
A pycnocline is the cline or layer where the density gradient (⁠∂ρ/∂z⁠) is greatest within a body of water. An ocean current is generated by the forces such as breaking waves, temperature and salinity differences, wind, Coriolis effect, and tides caused by the gravitational pull of celestial bodies. In addition, the physical properties in a pycnocline driven by density gradients also affect the flows and vertical profiles in the ocean. These changes can be connected to the transport of heat, salt, and nutrients through the ocean, and the pycnocline diffusion controls upwelling.

Below the mixed layer, a stable density gradient (or pycnocline) separates the upper and lower water, hindering vertical transport. This separation has important biological effects on the ocean and the marine living organisms. However, vertical mixing across a pycnocline is a regular phenomenon in oceans, and occurs through shear-produced turbulence. Such mixing plays a key role in the transport of nutrients.
Nescafe Extra Challenge
The Nescafé Extra Challenge was a non-ranking snooker tournament held in Bangkok, Thailand for two editions with a year's break in between. It involved four players playing each other on a round-robin format with the winner decided on a league basis.

The first tournament was played in 1991, with Joe Johnson taking the title by winning all three of his matches. The event was not played the following season, but returned in 1993, with Ronnie O'Sullivan winning the tournament and collecting his first professional title.

1993 Nescafe Extra Challenge
The 1993 Nescafé Extra Challenge was a  professional non-ranking snooker tournament that was played in Bangkok, Thailand in January 1993. Four players participated - Alan McManus, Ronnie O'Sullivan, John Parrott and James Wattana. 17 year old  O'Sullivan won the tournament to collect his first professional title. As champion, O'Sullivan received £10,500 from the total prize fund of £30,000. The tournament was played in a Round-Robin group format.
Hydnellum versipelle
Hydnellum versipelle is a species of tooth fungus in the family Bankeraceae. It was originally described by Elias Fries in 1861 as Hydnum versipelle. Taisiya Lvovna Nikolayeva transferred it to the genus Sarcodon in 1961. Hydnum crassum, published by Kenneth A. Harrison in 1961, is a synonym. The species is found in Europe and North America.

Kenneth A. Harrison
Kenneth A. Harrison (1901 – November 5, 1991) was a Canadian mycologist. He was for many years a plant pathologist at what is now the Atlantic Food and Horticulture Research Centre in Nova Scotia. After retirement, he contributed to the taxonomy of the Agaricomycotina, particularly the tooth fungi of the families Hydnaceae and Bankeraceae, in which he described several new species.
Canadian Identification Society
The Canadian Identification Society (CIS) is a bilingual (English–French) professional non-for-profit fellowship of police officers and civilian members who share interests and employment in crime scene investigation.  Also known in French as Société Canadienne de l'Identité (SCI).

Although the Society is mainly a Canadian organization including more than eight hundred (800) members through Canada, it also gathers members of the United States of America, Australia, United Kingdom as well as others international communities.

Calgary Police Service
Calgary Police Service (CPS) is the municipal police service of the City of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. It is the largest municipal police service in Alberta and third largest municipal force in Canada behind the Toronto Police Service and the Montreal City Police Service.
Dragon Empires
Dragon Empires was a fantasy massively multiplayer online role-playing game developed by UK-based Codemasters. Its main focus was player versus player clan action to take control of 50 cities in five empires within its world.

Codemasters
The Codemasters Software Company Limited (trade name: Codemasters) is a British video game developer and former publisher based in Southam. It is a subsidiary of American corporation Electronic Arts and managed under the EA Sports division. Founded by brothers Richard and David Darling in October 1986, Codemasters is one of the oldest British game studios, and in 2005 was named the best independent video game developer by magazine Develop. It formerly also published third-party games.

Codemasters Group Holdings plc was the holding company of Codemasters, which was publicly traded and owned Codemasters until being purchased by EA in 2021 for $1.2 billion.
Constantine (video game)
Constantine is a 2005 action-adventure game developed by Bits Studios, and published by THQ in North America and SCi Games in Europe. The game was released for PlayStation 2, Windows, and Xbox in February/March 2005. It is based on the DC Comics character John Constantine and is a movie tie-in license of the Warner Bros. film Constantine, in turn based on DC Comics comic book series, Hellblazer from the Vertigo issues for John Constantine.

SCi Games
SCi Games Limited (formerly The Sales Curve Limited and SCi (Sales Curve Interactive) Limited) was a British video game publisher based in London. The company was founded in 1988 by Jane Cavanagh and floated on the stock exchange in 1996. In May 2005, holding company SCi Entertainment Group plc acquired Eidos plc, the parent company of publisher Eidos Interactive, and merged their operations by June 2006; that company was briefly renamed Eidos. It was acquired by Square Enix in March 2009 and subsequently absorbed in November of that year.
A Stab in the Dark (play)
A Stab in the Dark is a whodunnit written by Australian playwright Alex Vickery-Howe. The first production was performed in Adelaide, South Australia, in February - March 2008 and directed by Toni Main.

Whodunit
A whodunit (less commonly spelled as whodunnit; a colloquial elision of "Who [has] done it?") is a complex plot-driven variety of detective fiction in which the puzzle regarding who committed the crime is the main focus. The reader or viewer is provided with the clues to the case, from which the identity of the perpetrator may be deduced before the story provides the revelation itself at its climax. The investigation is usually conducted by an eccentric, amateur, or semi-professional detective.
Out Wood
Out Wood is a 19.2-hectare (47-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest east of Charlbury in Oxfordshire.

This semi-natural wood is a surviving fragment of the medieval Royal Forest of Wychwood. It is overgrown coppice with standards, and the standards are oaks between 30 and 150 years old. Rides have a diverse ground flora, including meadow saffron, broad-leaved helleborine and greater butterfly orchid.

Charlbury
Charlbury (/ˈtʃɑːrlbəri, ˈtʃɔːrl-/) is a town and civil parish in the Evenlode valley, about 6 miles (10 km) north of Witney in the West Oxfordshire district of Oxfordshire, England. It is on the edge of Wychwood Forest and the Cotswolds. The 2011 Census recorded the parish's population as 2,830.
Adaptive cruise control
Adaptive cruise control (ACC) is a type of advanced driver-assistance system for road vehicles that automatically adjusts the vehicle speed to maintain a safe distance from vehicles ahead. Using sensors such as radar, lidar, or cameras, ACC can slow the vehicle when traffic ahead reduces speed and accelerate back to a preset speed when the road is clear.

First introduced in the 1990s, ACC has evolved from early laser based systems to more advanced radar and camera-based technologies capable of operating at a full speed ranges, including stop-and-go traffic.

ACC is considered a key component of partially automated driving. Under SAE International's classification, most ACC systems are categorized as Level 1 automation, as they control longitudinal vehicle motion but require continuous driver supervision and do not provide full vehicle autonomy. When combined with steering assistance features such as lane centering, the system may qualify as Level 2 automation.

SAE International
SAE International is a global professional association and standards organization based in Warrendale, Pennsylvania, United States.  Formerly the Society of Automotive Engineers, the organization adopted its current name in 2006 to reflect both its international membership and the increased scope of its activities beyond automotive engineering and the automotive industry to include aerospace and other transport industries, as well as commercial vehicles including autonomous vehicles such as self-driving cars, trucks, surface vessels, drones, and related technologies.

SAE International has over 138,000 global members. Membership is granted to individuals, rather than companies. Aside from its standardization efforts, SAE International also devotes resources to projects and programs in STEM education, professional certification, and collegiate design competitions.
Charles Arbuthnot (British Army officer, born 1824)
Lieutenant-General Sir Charles George Arbuthnot, GCB (19 May 1824 – 14 April 1899) was a British Army officer. He served in the Royal Artillery in the Crimean War and rose to become a senior officer in British India.

Lieutenant-general (United Kingdom)
Lieutenant general (Lt Gen), formerly more commonly lieutenant-general, is a senior rank in the British Army and the Royal Marines. It is the equivalent of a multinational three-star rank; some British lieutenant generals sometimes wear three-star insignia, in addition to their standard insignia, when on multinational operations.

Lieutenant general is a superior rank to major general, but subordinate to a (full) general. The rank has a NATO rank code of OF-8, equivalent to a vice-admiral in the Royal Navy and an air marshal in the Royal Air Force (RAF) and the air forces of many Commonwealth countries.

The rank insignia for both the Army and the Royal Marines is a crown over a crossed sabre and baton. During the reign of Elizabeth II, the St Edward's Crown, commonly known as the Queen's Crown, was depicted. Before 1953, and again since the accession of Charles III in 2022, the Tudor Crown has been used.
Jean Campbell (baseball)
Jean Campbell (December 30, 1928 – August 18, 2004) was a catcher who played in the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League (AAGPBL). Campbell batted and threw right handed. She was born in Syracuse, New York.

All-American Girls Professional Baseball League
The All-American Girls Professional Baseball League (AAGPBL) was a professional women's baseball league founded by Philip K. Wrigley, which existed from 1943 to 1954. The AAGPBL is the forerunner of women's professional league sports in the United States.  Over 600 women played in the league, which eventually consisted of 10 teams located in the American Midwest. In 1948, league attendance peaked at over 900,000 spectators. The most successful team, the Rockford Peaches, won a league-best four championships.

The 1992 film A League of Their Own and the 2022 television show of the same name are mostly fictionalized accounts of the league and its stars. Sixty-five original AAGPBL members appeared in scenes for the movie filmed in October 1991 recreating the induction of the league into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1988.
1978–79 Iona Gaels men's basketball team
The 1978–79 Iona Gaels men's basketball team represented Iona College during the 1978–79 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Gaels, led fourth-year by head coach Jim Valvano, played their home games at the Hynes Athletic Center. The Gaels received a bid to the 1979 NCAA tournament. Competing as the No. 8 seed in the East region, the Gaels were defeated by No. 9 seed and eventual Final Four participant Penn in the opening round.

1978–79 Penn Quakers men's basketball team
The 1978–79 Penn Quakers men's basketball team was a college basketball team that represented the University of Pennsylvania in the 1978–79 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Quakers, coached by Bob Weinhauer, played in the Ivy League and had a 25–7 win–loss record. Penn won the Ivy League regular season championship for the eighth time in 10 years and participated in the 1979 NCAA Division I basketball tournament. There, as the ninth seed in the 10-team East region, the Quakers defeated Iona, number one seed North Carolina, Syracuse, and St. John's to reach the Final Four. In the national semifinals, they lost to a Michigan State team that included Magic Johnson, and an overtime loss in the third-place game against DePaul ended their season. The 1978–79 Quakers are the last Ivy League team to play in the Final Four.
Sam Hersh
Samuel Hersh (November 20, 1906 - January 24, 1969) was an American film producer and distributor who played an important role in the development of Christian and family-oriented films in the mid-20th century. He founded Family Films in 1948 and was known for his extensive denominational partnerships and his influence on religious filmmaking in the United States.

Lure of the Swamp
Lure of the Swamp is a 1957 American adventure film directed by Hubert Cornfield and written by William George, based on the 1953 novel of the same name by Gil Brewer. The film stars Marshall Thompson, Willard Parker, Joan Vohs, Jack Elam, Leo Gordon and Joan Lora. The film was released in May 1957 by 20th Century-Fox.