hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Charlie McLeod
Charles Edward McLeod (24 October 1869 – 26 November 1918) was an Australian cricketer who played in 17 Test matches between 1894 and 1905.

McLeod was a patient batsman and accurate bowler who represented Victoria in first-class cricket from 1893 to 1905. His fielding and his running between wickets were affected by deafness. In the First Test of the 1897–98 Ashes series he was bowled by a no-ball, and having not heard the umpire's call, he left the wicket, thinking he was out, and was run out by the wicket-keeper, Bill Storer.

His best Test series was the 1897–98 Ashes series, when he scored 352 runs at an average of 58.66. Opening the batting in the Second Test on New Year's Day 1898, he scored his only Test century, 112 in 245 minutes, the only century of the match, which Australia won by an innings. He toured England in 1899 and 1905.

His brother Bob also played Test cricket for Australia.

Run out
Run out is a method of dismissal in cricket, in which the fielding team put down the wicket of a batter who is outside their ground, usually because they are trying to score a run.

Run out is governed by Law 38 of the laws of cricket. If the batter is judged run out, the run does not count and the bowler does not get credit for the wicket.

A run out can also be effected when the batters are not attempting a run if one of them leaves the crease when the ball is not dead. Some such dismissals cause controversy because they challenge long-established — but not universal — conventions about the spirit of the game.
T. Thrivikraman
T. Thrivikraman (Thekkedath Thrivikraman) (born 6 May 1943, Died on 25 March 2024 ) was an Indian mathematician who has made important contributions to  topology,   fuzzy mathematics, history of mathematics  and to several other areas of mathematics. He actively promoted the culture of mathematical research in Kerala, himself guiding as many as 29 students in their doctoral research. He was also actively involved in the activities of the science popularization movement known as Kerala Sasthra Sahithya Parishad.

Fuzzy mathematics
Fuzzy mathematics is a branch of mathematics that extends classical set theory and logic to model reasoning under uncertainty. Initiated by Lotfi Asker Zadeh in 1965 with the introduction of fuzzy sets, the field has since evolved to include fuzzy set theory, fuzzy logic, and various fuzzy analogues of traditional mathematic structures.

Unlike classical mathematics, which usually relies on binary membership (an element either belongs to a set or it does not), fuzzy mathematics allows elements to partially belong to a set, with degrees of membership represented by values in the interval [0, 1]. This framework enables more flexible modeling of imprecise or vague concepts.

Fuzzy mathematics has found applications in numerous domains, including control theory, artificial intelligence, decision theory, pattern recognition, and linguistics, where the modeling of gradations and uncertainty is essential.
Catuscia Palamidessi
Catuscia Palamidessi (born 1959) is a computer scientist whose research topics have included differential privacy, location obfuscation, fairness in machine learning, the logic of concurrent systems, and the design of programming languages that combine logic programming and functional programming. Originally from Italy, she has worked in Italy, the US, and France, where she is a director of research for the French Institute for Research in Computer Science and Automation (Inria).

Location obfuscation
Location obfuscation is a technique used in location-based services or information systems to protect the location of the users by slightly altering, substituting or generalizing their location in order to avoid reflecting their real position.

A formal definition of location obfuscation can be "the means of deliberately degrading the quality of information about an individual's location in order to protect that individual's location privacy.
Spier (surname)
Spier is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bernd Spier (1944–2017), German schlager singer and record producer

Guy Spier (born 1966), South African/German/lsraeIi Swiss-based investor and author

Jo Spier (1900–1978), Dutch artist and illustrator

Peter Spier (1927–2017), Dutch-born American illustrator and writer

Virgil Spier (born 1981), Dutch athlete

William Spier (1906–1973), American writer, producer, and director for television and radio

Guy Spier
Guy Spier (Hebrew: גיא ספייר; born February 4, 1966) is a Zurich-based Swiss-German-Israeli investor. He is the author of The Education of a Value Investor. Spier is the manager of the Aquamarine Fund with $400 million in assets. He is well known for bidding US$650,100 with Mohnish Pabrai for a charity lunch with Warren Buffett in 2008. In 2009, he was featured in The Checklist Manifesto, by Atul Gawande regarding his use of checklists as part of his investment process. He is the brother of Tanya de Jager and the grandson of Selmar Spier, the German-Israeli jurist, historian, foreign correspondent and farmer.
Main road 26 (Hungary)
The Main road 26 is an east–west direction Secondary class main road in the road in the valley of a Sajó river, that connects the Main road 3 change to the border of Slovakia. The road is 12.5 kilometres (7.8 mi) long.

The road, as well as all other main roads in Hungary, is managed and maintained by Magyar Közút, state owned company.

Sajó
The Sajó (Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈʃɒjoː] SHOH-yoe, Hungarian) or Slaná (Slovak) is a river in Slovakia and Hungary.

Its length is 229 km, of which 110 km is in Slovakia. Its source is in the Stolica Mountains range of the Slovak Ore Mountains.  It flows through the Slovak town Rožňava and the Hungarian city Miskolc. In Hungary, Sajó flows through the county of Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén. It flows into the River Tisza near Tiszaújváros. Its main tributaries are the Bodva and the Hornád. It is also known for the Battle of the Sajó River, near Muhi (then Mohi), from 11 April 1241 between the Mongol Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary.
32nd Canadian Parliament
The 32nd Canadian Parliament was in session from April 14, 1980, until July 9, 1984. The membership was set by the 1980 federal election on February 18, 1980, and it only changed slightly due to resignations and by-elections prior to being dissolved before the 1984 election.

It was controlled by a Liberal Party majority, led first by Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau and the 22nd Canadian Ministry, and then by Prime Minister John Turner and the 23rd Canadian Ministry. The Official Opposition was the Progressive Conservative Party, led first by Joe Clark, and then Brian Mulroney.

The Speaker was Jeanne Sauvé then Cyril Lloyd Francis.

Ridings

There were two sessions of the 32nd Parliament:

Legislative session
A legislative session is the period of time in which a legislature, in both parliamentary and presidential systems, is convened for purpose of lawmaking, usually being one of two or more smaller divisions of the entire time between two elections. A session may last for the full term of the legislature or the term may consist of a number of sessions. These may be of fixed duration, such as a year, or may be determined by the party in power. In some countries, a session of the legislature is brought to an end by an official act of prorogation, in others by a motion to adjourn sine die. In either event, the close of a session generally brings an end to all unpassed bills in the legislature, which would have to be introduced anew to continue debate in the following session.
John C. Schober
John C. Schober (born June 25, 1951) is an American lawyer and politician.

Born in Waukesha, Wisconsin, Schober graduated from New Berlin High School in New Berlin, Wisconsin. He received his bachelor's degree from Marquette University and his J.D. degree from Marquette University Law School. Schober practiced law in New Berlin and village attorney for Big Bend, Wisconsin. Schober served on the New Berlin Common Council (city council), and was president of the council. In the April 1982 special election, Schober was elected to the Wisconsin State Assembly as a Republican and then served until 1989.

Waukesha, Wisconsin
Waukesha (/ˈwɔːkɪʃɔː/ ⓘ WAW-ki-shaw) is a city in and the county seat of Waukesha County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 71,158 at the 2020 census. Located along the Fox River adjacent to the Village of Waukesha, it is the eighth-most populous city in Wisconsin. Waukesha is part of the Milwaukee metropolitan area.
2022 Quintana Roo gubernatorial election
The 2022 Quintana Roo gubernatorial election was held on 5 June 2022 to elect a new governor of Quintana Roo and 25 deputies to the state congress. Despite Carlos Joaquín González being a popular incumbent governor from the Party of the Democratic Revolution and the National Action Party the race was considered as a long shot due to the state's high approval of López Obrador, Morena's strong showing in the midterms and Mara Lezama's own popularity. On November 3, 2021, it was revealed Marko Cortés, the leader of the National Action Party expected to lose the state along with other four in play. The election resulted in a landslide for Mexico's ruling Morena party during President López Obrador's first term in office, winning the gubernatorial election. Additionally, they won all 15 local districts with the opposition only getting proportional representation seats.

Marko Antonio Cortés Mendoza
Marko Antonio Cortés Mendoza (born 17 October 1977) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the National Action Party (PAN). He currently serves in the Chamber of Deputies for the LXIII Legislature of the Mexican Congress, representing the state of Michoacán and the fifth electoral region.
Planet Ant
Planet Ant is a non-profit artist community founded in 1993 and housed in a three-story tenement in Hamtramck, Michigan. The community has several branches, including a record label, a theatre company, an improv troupe and a film production company.

Planet Ant is an example of an artist incubator where young actors, directors, sound designers, and stage managers practice their craft as they audition for more prestigious jobs. At least five actors, including Keegan-Michael Key, Marc Evan Jackson, Sam Richardson, Tim Robinson, and Jamie Moyer can trace their beginnings to Planet Ant. The group also hosts one of two international film festivals in the Southeast Michigan region, the second being Detroit Docs.

Planet Ant Theater is a black box theater owned by the group and located in the same building. The theater has operated since 1996 and has won support from the Michigan Council for Arts and Cultural Affairs.

Tim Robinson
Tim Robinson (born May 23, 1981) is an American comedian, actor, and screenwriter. He first became known as a writer and performer on Saturday Night Live (2012–2016) before gaining wider recognition as the co-creator, co-writer, and star of the comedy series Detroiters (2017–2018), I Think You Should Leave with Tim Robinson (2019–2023) and The Chair Company (2025). He also starred in the A24 comedy film Friendship (2024).
Claus Høyer
Claus Owrén Høyer (17 March 1891 – 2 November 1964) was a Norwegian rower who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.

He was the bowman of the Norwegian boat that won the bronze medal in the coxed four, inriggers.

Rowing at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Men's coxed four, inriggers
The men's coxed fours with inriggers, also referred to as the coxed four with jugriggers, was a rowing event held as part of the Rowing at the 1912 Summer Olympics programme. It was the only appearance of the restricted event. The competition was held on Wednesday and Thursday, 17 and 18 July 1912. Thirty rowers from four nations competed.
Fortich
Fortich is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Antonio Fortich (1913–2003), Filipino Catholic bishop and activist

Carlos Fortich (1935 or 1936–2019), Filipino politician

José Fortich Ozámiz (1898–1944), Spanish Filipino lawyer and politician

Antonio Fortich
Antonio Yapsutco Fortich (11 August 1913 – 2 July 2003) was the third Bishop of Bacolod. He is noted for being a social activist who fought for social justice in Negros. In 2018, Fortich was recognized by the Human Rights Victims' Claims Board as a Motu Proprio victim of the Martial Law Era.
Shockey
Shockey is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Eva Shockey, Canadian Author, Hunter, TV Personality, Blogger

Hal Shockey, Canadian outdoorsman

Jeff Shockey, US lobbyist and Congressional staffer

Jeremy Shockey, American football player

Jim Shockey, Canadian outdoor writer, professional big game outfitter, TV Producer and Host

Peter Shockey, filmmaker and screenwriter

Gwen Shockey, American artist

Peter Shockey
Peter Shockey (born 1955) is an American filmmaker and screenwriter.

He has received a New York City Film Festival award for his television film Life After Life (1992). In addition, both he and his works have appeared on talk shows and television shows such as Oprah and the 700 Club.

Peter co-wrote the book Journey of Light with Stowe D. Shockey and its focus is to implement her experience as an abused child in order to help others. Peter and Stowe both live in Nashville, Tennessee.

Currently, he is working as a professor of Media Production & Writing classes at Webster University in Tashkent.
Hele Savin
Hele Irene Savin (née Väinölä; born 1 August 1977 in Imatra) is a Finnish scientist and inventor, best known for her research in solar cells and is a professor of micro and nanoelectronics at Aalto University. She is publicly known as an inventor and developer of high-efficiency solar cells using nanostructured, so-called black silicon.

Black silicon
Black silicon is a semiconductor material, a surface modification of silicon with very low reflectivity and correspondingly high absorption of visible (and infrared) light.

The modification was discovered in the 1980s as an unwanted side effect of reactive ion etching (RIE). Other methods for forming a similar structure include electrochemical etching, stain etching, metal-assisted chemical etching, and laser treatment.

Black silicon has become a major asset to the solar photovoltaic industry as it enables greater light to electricity conversion efficiency of standard crystalline silicon solar cells, which significantly reduces their costs.
The Melting Man
The Melting Man is a 1968 thriller novel by the British Victor Canning. It is the fourth and final entry in a series novels about Rex Carver, a private detective drawn back into his old profession of espionage. It features the French secret agent Aristide de la Dole, who had previously appeared in Doubled in Diamonds.

Private investigator
A private investigator (often abbreviated to PI; also known as a private detective, an inquiry agent or informally a private eye) is a person who can be hired by individuals or groups to undertake investigatory law services. Private investigators often work for attorneys to problem solve in civil and criminal cases.
Xiao Wu
Xiao Wu (Chinese: 小武), also known as Pickpocket, is a 1997 Chinese drama and the first directed by Jia Zhangke. Starring Wang Hongwei in the title role along with Hao Hongjian and Zuo Baitao, it was filmed in Fenyang, Jia's hometown, in 16 mm. Following its release, the film received critical acclaim and won the Wolfgang Staudte Award at the Forum section of the 48th Berlin International Film Festival.

1998 in film
Many significant films were released in 1998, including Shakespeare in Love, Saving Private Ryan, Armageddon, American History X, The Truman Show, Primary Colors, Rushmore, Rush Hour, There's Something About Mary, The Big Lebowski, and Terrence Malick's directorial return in The Thin Red Line.
Daddy's DNA
"Daddy's DNA" is a song by American musician Brandon Lake.  The song was released on April 29, 2025, as the second promotional single from Lake's fifth studio album, King of Hearts.  The single includes the two previously released songs "Hard Fought Hallelujah" and "That's Who I Praise", both of which went on to top the Billboard Hot Christian Songs chart.

Hot Christian Songs
Hot Christian Songs is a music chart published weekly by Billboard magazine in the United States. It ranks the popularity of Christian songs using the same methodology developed for the Billboard Hot 100, the magazine's flagship songs chart, by incorporating data from the sales of downloads, streaming data, and airplay across all monitored radio stations.

From its inception in June 2003 through November 2013, the Hot Christian Songs chart ranked the top songs only by overall audience impressions of songs played on contemporary Christian music radio stations. Beginning with the chart dated December 7, 2013, the chart follows the same methodology used for the Hot 100 to compile its rankings. The Christian Airplay chart was created in unison with the change to continue to monitor airplay of songs on Christian radio.

The current number-one song on the chart as of the issue dated February 28 is "Hard Fought Hallelujah" by Brandon Lake.
Rómulo Méndez
Rómulo Méndez Molina (21 December 1938 – 6 January 2022) was a Guatemalan middle-distance runner and later football referee. He was the first Guatemalan referee ever to participate in World Cup finals, refereeing one match in the 1982 World Cup and one match in the 1986 edition. Méndez was born in Cobán on 21 December 1938. He died on 6 January 2022, at the age of 83.

Cobán
Cobán (Kekchí: Kob'an), fully Santo Domingo de Cobán, is the capital of the department of Alta Verapaz in central Guatemala. It also serves as the administrative center for the surrounding Cobán municipality. It is located 219 km from Guatemala City.

As of the 2018 census, the population of the city of Cobán was 212,047 and that of the municipality was 212,421. Cobán lies at an altitude of 1,320 metres or 4,330 feet above sea level and covers a total area of 1,974 km2. It is located at the center of a major coffee-growing area.
2008 Bausch & Lomb Championships
The 2008 Bausch & Lomb Championships was the 29th edition of that tennis tournament and was played on outdoor clay courts. It was classified as a Tier II event on the 2008 WTA Tour. The event took place at the Racquet Park at the Amelia Island Plantation in Amelia Island, Florida, U.S. from April 7 through April 13, 2008. The tournament offered total prize money of US$600,000. First-seeded Maria Sharapova won the singles title and earned $95,500 first-prize money.

Tatiana Golovin of France was the defending singles champion.

Amelia Island
Amelia Island is a part of the Sea Islands chain that stretches along the East Coast of the United States from South Carolina to Florida; it is the southernmost of the Sea Islands, and the northernmost of the barrier islands on Florida's Atlantic coast. Lying in Nassau County, Florida, it is 13 miles (21 km) long and approximately 4 miles (6.4 km) wide at its widest point. The communities of Fernandina Beach, Amelia City, and American Beach are located on the island, and it is in the Jacksonville metropolitan area.
Variations, Chaconne and Finale
Variations, Chaconne and Finale is a set of variations for orchestra composed by Norman Dello Joio in 1947; the piece was premiered in Pittsburgh, under the direction of Fritz Reiner, on January 30, 1948.  It won the New York Critics Circle Award for the year. Its primary theme an orchestral version of that of the first movement of his celebrated Piano Sonata No. 3.

The theme for the piece, presented by the oboe, is derived from the Kyrie movement of the Missa de Angelis, and much of the work is subdued and religious in tone.  In the first part of the piece, after its initial presentation, the melody is the subject of six variations.  The chaconne is built from its first four notes, but in chromatic form.  The finale, by contrast to the rest of the work, is spirited and joyous.  The work ends with a loud return of the theme's first four notes.

Kyriale
The Kyriale is a collection of Gregorian chant settings for the Ordinary of the Mass. It contains eighteen Masses (each consisting of the Kyrie, Gloria [excluded from Masses intended for weekdays/ferias and Sundays in Advent and Lent], Sanctus, and Agnus Dei), six Credos, and several ad libitum chants. This collection is included in liturgical books such as the Graduale Romanum and Liber Usualis, and is also published as a separate book by the monks of Solesmes Abbey.

In the Kyriale, the individual chants of the Ordinary are grouped into complete sets, whose title usually indicates the opening of the prosula formerly sung to each respective Kyrie melody. These Masses are followed by individual items not grouped with the complete Masses.

A shorter Kyriale is included in the second edition of the Graduale Simplex.
Clair H. Voss
Clair Horton Voss (September 16, 1920 – August 10, 1999) was an American lawyer and judge.  He was the first presiding judge of the Wisconsin Court of Appeals in District II, serving from 1978 through 1984.  He also served 30 years as a Wisconsin Circuit Court judge in Waukesha County and was a decorated veteran of World War II.

Waukesha County, Wisconsin
Waukesha County (/ˈwɔːkɪʃɔː/ ⓘ) is a county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 United States Census, the population was 406,978, making it the third-most populous county in Wisconsin. Its median income of $88,985 placed it as the only county in Wisconsin on the list of the 100 highest-income counties in the U.S. by median income as of 2020. Its county seat and largest city is Waukesha.

Waukesha County is included in the Milwaukee metropolitan area, and is one of the three WOW counties.
Ric Charlesworth
Richard Ian Charlesworth AO (born 6 February 1952) is an Australian sports coach and former politician. He played first-class cricket for Western Australia and international field hockey for the Kookaburras (the Australian national team), winning a silver medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics and winning the World Cup in 1986. Charlesworth served as a federal member of parliament from 1983 to 1993, representing the Labor Party. After leaving politics, he was appointed coach of the Hockeyroos (the national women's field hockey team), leading them to Olympic gold medals in 1996 and 2000. Charlesworth later coached the Kookaburras from 2009 to 2014, and has also worked in consulting roles with the New Zealand national cricket team, the Australian Institute of Sport, and the Fremantle Football Club (an Australian football team).

Men's FIH Hockey World Cup
The Men's FIH Hockey World Cup is an international field hockey competition organised by the International Hockey Federation. The tournament was started in 1971. It is held every four years, bridging the four years between the Summer Olympics. Pakistan is the most successful team, having won the tournament four times. The Netherlands, Australia, and Germany have each won three titles. Belgium and India have both won the tournament once.

The 2023 tournament was held in Bhubaneswar and Rourkela, India from 13 to 29 January. Germany defeated Belgium in a penalty shoot-out 5–4 after the match ended in a 3–3 draw to win their third World Cup title. The World Cup expanded to 16 teams in 2018.