hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battalions of Death
The Battalions of Death (Russian: батальо́ны сме́рти), also called shock battalions (Russian: уда́рные батальо́ны), were infantry shock troops established by the Russian Imperial Army during World War I.

There were two different types of these units: the "battalions of death" were formed using many civilian volunteers recruited across Russia and given a short training in stormtrooper tactics with grenades. The "shock battalions" were created from soldiers of existing military units, in some cases with entire regiments being designated as shock units, and received additional training with grenades and machine guns. All of the shock unit members were able to wear red and black chevrons and the death's head skull insignia. The volunteers for these units mainly came from officers, sergeants, or civilians, while the ordinary soldiers were less likely to join.

Shock troops
Shock troops, assault troops, or storm troops are special formations created to lead military attacks. They are often better trained and equipped than other military units and are expected to take heavier casualties even in successful operations.

"Shock troop" is a loose translation of the German word Stoßtrupp (literally "thrust squad" or "push squad").  Assault troopers are typically organized for mobility with the intention that they will penetrate enemy defenses and attack into the enemy's vulnerable rear areas.  Any specialized, elite unit formed to fight an engagement via overwhelming assault (usually) would be considered shock troops, as opposed to "special forces" or commando-style units (intended mostly for covert operations). However, both types of units could fight behind enemy lines, by surprise if required.
Philadelphia vireo
The Philadelphia vireo (Vireo philadelphicus) is a small North American songbird in the vireo family (Vireonidae). "Vireo" is a Latin word referring to a green migratory bird, perhaps the female golden oriole, possibly the European greenfinch. The specific philadelphicus is for the city of Philadelphia.

European greenfinch
The European greenfinch or simply the greenfinch (Chloris chloris) is a small passerine bird in the finch family Fringillidae.

This bird is widespread throughout Europe, North Africa and Southwest Asia. It is mainly resident, but some of the populations from the far north migrate further south. The greenfinch has also been introduced into Australia, New Zealand, Uruguay, and Argentina.
Cnemaspis australis
Cnemaspis australis, also known as the Southern Travancore day gecko, is a species of gecko endemic to Agasthyamalai Hills of the Southern Western Ghats, in the states of Tamil Nadu and Kerala in South India. It lives in rock boulders and is an evergreen forest dwelling diurnal, insectivorous and oviparous species. This species was previously confused with another gecko Mysore day gecko till a study in 2007 proved it to be a new species.

Evergreen forest
An evergreen forest is a forest made up of evergreen trees. They occur across a wide range of climatic zones, and include trees such as conifers and holly in cold climates, eucalyptus, live oak, acacias, magnolia, and banksia in more temperate zones, and rainforest trees in tropical zones.
Lignon du Velay
The Lignon du Velay (French pronunciation: [liɲɔ̃ dy vəlɛ], literally Lignon of the Velay) is an 85.1-kilometre (52.9 mi) long river in the Ardèche and Haute-Loire departments, south-central France. Its source is near Chaudeyrolles. It flows generally north. It is a right tributary of the Loire, into which it flows at Pont de Lignon, a hamlet in Monistrol-sur-Loire.

Haute-Loire
Haute-Loire (French pronunciation: [ot lwaʁ] ⓘ; Occitan: Naut Léger or Naut Leir; English: Upper Loire) is a landlocked department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of south-central France. Named after the Loire River, it is surrounded by the departments of Loire, Ardèche, Lozère, Cantal and Puy-de-Dôme. In 2019, it had a population of 227,570; its inhabitants are called Altiligériens in French (English : Altiligerians).

The department, which has its prefecture in Le Puy-en-Velay, covers the upper reaches of the Loire and consists of the Loire Valley and the surrounding mountains in the Massif Central. It is one of the original 83 departments of France created in 1790 during the French Revolution. Parts of the department are included in the Livradois-Forez Regional Natural Park.
Hermes program
Project Hermes was a missile research program run by the Ordnance Corps of the United States Army from November 15, 1944, to December 31, 1954, in response to Germany's rocket attacks in Europe during World War II. The program was to determine the missile needs of army field forces. A research and development partnership between the Ordnance Corps and General Electric started November 20, 1944 and resulted in the "development of long-range missiles that could be used against both ground targets and high-altitude aircraft."

Ramjet
A ramjet is a form of airbreathing jet engine that requires forward motion of the engine to provide air for combustion. Ramjets work most efficiently at supersonic speeds around Mach 3 (2,300 mph; 3,700 km/h) and can operate up to Mach 6 (4,600 mph; 7,400 km/h).

Ramjets can be particularly appropriate in uses requiring a compact mechanism for high speed, such as missiles. Weapons designers are investigating ramjet technology for use in artillery shells to increase range; a 120 mm ramjet-assisted mortar shell is thought to be able to travel 35 km (22 mi). They have been used, though not efficiently, as tip jets on the ends of helicopter rotors.
Tomb of King Suro
The Tomb of King Suro (Korean: 수로왕릉; Hanja: 首露王陵) is a tomb of the Gaya confederacy monarch Suro (fl. 2nd century) and founder of the Gimhae Kim clan. It is located in Gimhae, South Korea. On January 21, 1963, it was made a Historic Site of South Korea.

It is unknown when the tomb was constructed; Suro died in 199 (Korean calendar). There are a number of stone monuments that honor his achievements. The tomb was in good condition even into the Goryeo period (918–1392), but was reduced to ruins in the Joseon period (1392–1897). It was repaired in 1580. The tomb was robbed by the Japanese during the 1592–1598 Imjin War. Suro's descendents perform jesa here biyearly.

Gimhae
Gimhae (Korean: 김해, pronounced [kim(ɦ)ɛ]) is a city in South Gyeongsang Province, South Korea, situated near the Nakdong River.

It is the seat of the large Gimhae Kim clan, one of the largest Kim clans in Korea, claiming descent from the ancient royal house of Geumgwan Gaya. Gimhae is also the birthplace of the late Roh Moo-hyun, former president of South Korea.

The city has a K League 2 football club called, Gimhae FC 2008, were previously compete in National League from 2008 until 2019 and K3 League from 2020 until 2025. The largest foreign sports club in Gimhae is the Gimhae Semi-Athletic Club (G-SAC) located in the Nae-dong neighbourhood.
Anumolu Ramakrishna
Anumolu Ramakrishna (20 December 1939 – 20 August 2013) was an Indian civil and structural engineer, corporate executive and the deputy managing director of Larsen & Toubro Construction, the largest construction company in India as per 2013 statistics. He was credited with the introduction of system formwork and precast and prestressed concrete technologies in Indian construction industry, procedures which helped increase productivity, and was a co-founder of the India chapter of FSL - Global Forum on Structural Longevity. The Government of India awarded him the third highest civilian honour of the Padma Bhushan, posthumously in 2014, for his contributions to science and technology.

Formwork
Formwork is molds into which concrete or similar materials are either precast or cast-in-place. In the context of concrete construction, the falsework supports the shuttering molds.  In specialty applications formwork may be permanently incorporated into the final structure, adding insulation or helping reinforce the finished structure.
Teach (Irish term)
Teach is an Irish language term.

The following definition of the term has been given by Dónall Mac Giolla Easpaig

The word teach, 'a house', is the only widely attested native Irish element to designate a church of monastic site in early placenames. the term is found in placenames of all periods but, generally speaking, the meaning '(monastic) church'. The late Deirdre Flanagan has suggested that the deployment of teach as an ecclesiastical placename element is a continuation of the pagan use of the term to denote sacred or mythological sites.  There is sufficient evidence available to show that [some] of the eccleiastical sitename [of Ireland] containing the element teach is of pre-Christian origin.

He further notes that along with the words Cíll and Díseart it can be loosely translated as church. Teach is purely Gaelic, while the other two are derived from Latin.

It is now used in Ireland to denote a secular dwelling, often a family house. An alternative form is tígh.

Definition
A definition is a semantic statement of the meaning of a term (a word, phrase, or other set of symbols). Definitions can be classified into two large categories: intensional definitions (which try to give the sense of a term), and extensional definitions (which try to list the objects that a term describes). Another important category of definitions is the class of ostensive definitions, which convey the meaning of a term by pointing out examples. A term may have many different senses and multiple meanings, and thus require multiple definitions.

In mathematics, a definition is used to give a precise meaning to a new term, by describing a condition which unambiguously qualifies what the mathematical term is and is not. Definitions and axioms form the basis on which all of modern mathematics is to be constructed.
Lectionary 254
Lectionary 254, designated by siglum ℓ 254 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering) is a Greek manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 11th century. The manuscript has survived on only one leaf.

Scribal abbreviation
Scribal abbreviations, or sigla (singular: siglum), are abbreviations used by ancient and medieval scribes writing in various languages, including Latin, Greek, Old English and Old Norse.

In modern manuscript editing (substantive and mechanical) sigla are the symbols used to indicate the source manuscript (e.g. variations in text between different such manuscripts).
Ira B. Lamster
Ira B. Lamster is an American board certified periodontist. He is a professor of health and policy management at Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health.  Formerly, he was the dean and professor of dentistry at the Columbia University College of Dental Medicine until stepping down the end of the 2012 school year.Lamster also received a number of donations from Jeffrey Epstein in 2017.

Columbia University College of Dental Medicine
The Columbia University College of Dental Medicine, often abbreviated CDM, is one of the 21 graduate and professional schools of Columbia University. It is located at 630 West 168th Street in Manhattan, New York City. According to American Dental Education Association, CDM is one of the most selective dental schools in the United States based on average DAT score, GPA, and acceptance rate. In 2017, 1,657 people applied for 84 positions in its entering class. The median undergraduate GPA and average DAT score for successful applicants in 2020 were 3.62 and 22.8, respectively.
Patrick Long (Hillsborough, New Hampshire, politician)
Patrick Long is an American attorney and politician. He serves as a Democratic member for the Hillsborough 26th district of the New Hampshire House of Representatives. He previously served as a Staff Sergeant in the Army National Guard and opened his own legal practice in 2014, Patrick Long Law Firm, PC. He was elected to the New Hampshire House of Representatives from the Hillsborough 26th District on November 5, 2024, assuming office on December 4. He notably shares the same first and last name as Patrick Long, a Democratic New Hampshire State Senator also from Manchester.

New Hampshire Senate
The New Hampshire State Senate is the upper house of the New Hampshire General Court, alongside the New Hampshire House of Representatives. The Senate has been meeting since 1784. The senate consists of 24 members representing Senate districts based on population. There are 16 Republicans and 8 Democrats currently serving in the senate.
Gorgasia cotroneii
Gorgasia cotroneii is an eel in the family Congridae (conger/garden eels). It was described by Umberto D'Ancona in 1928, originally under the genus Leptocephalus. It is a marine, tropical eel which is known from the Red Sea, in the western Indian Ocean.

Congridae
The Congridae are the family of conger and garden eels. Congers are valuable and often large food fishes, while garden eels live in colonies, all protruding from the sea floor after the manner of plants in a garden (thus the name). The family includes over 220 species in 32 genera.

The European conger, Conger conger, is the largest of the family and of the Anguilliformes order that includes it; it has been recorded at up to 3 m (9.8 ft) in length and weighing 350 lb (160 kg).

Congrids are found in tropical, subtropical and temperate seas around the world. Clear distinguishing features among congrids are few; they all lack scales, and most possess pectoral fins. They feed on crustaceans and small fish.

The earliest known fossils of this group are otoliths from the Campanian of the United States.  A number of articulated specimens are known from the Paleogene of Europe.
RMS Aurania
RMS Aurania can refer to any of three ships originally owned and operated by the Cunard Line:

RMS Aurania (1882), built in 1882, scrapped in 1905

RMS Aurania (1916), built in 1916, completed as a troopship and torpedoed by a German U-boat in 1918

RMS Aurania (1924), built in 1924, converted for use as an armed merchant cruiser in 1939, finally scrapped in 1961

HMS Artifex
HMS Artifex was a repair ship of the Royal Navy from late in the Second World War and into the Cold War.
Launched as the Cunard liner RMS Aurania she was requisitioned on the outbreak of war to serve as an armed merchant cruiser. Damaged by a U-boat while sailing with an Atlantic convoy, she was purchased outright and converted to a floating workshop, spending the rest of her life as a support ship for the navy.
Glenmasan manuscript
The Glenmasan manuscript is a late 15th-century Gaelic vellum manuscript in the National Library of Scotland, Edinburgh, where it is catalogued as Adv.MS.72.2.3. It was previously held in the Advocates Library, Edinburgh, where it was classified as Gaelic MS LIII, and transferred to the National Library of Scotland on its foundation in 1925. The compilation contains Scottish Gaelic literary versions of tales of the Ulster Cycle, such as the Táin Bó Flidhais and Oided mac nUisnig (the latter a version of Longas mac nUislenn).

Advocates Library
The Advocates Library, founded in 1682, is the law library of the Faculty of Advocates, in Edinburgh. It served as the national deposit library of Scotland until 1925, at which time through an act of Parliament, the National Library of Scotland Act 1925 (15 & 16 Geo. 5. c. 73), the National Library of Scotland was created. All the non-legal collections were transferred to the National Library. Today, it alone of the Scottish libraries still holds the privilege of receiving a copy of every law book entered at Stationers' Hall.

The library forms part of the complex that includes Parliament House, located on the Royal Mile.
Oubi Buchraya Bachir
Oubi Buchraya Bachir (born 1970 in Zouirat, Mauritania)  is the current Sahrawi ambassador to Nigeria, with a base in Abuja. He earned a master's degree in "Conflicts, Peace and Development" at James I University in Castellón de la Plana. He speaks Hassaniya (a variety of Arabic), French and Spanish.

Castellón de la Plana
Castellón de la Plana or Castelló de la Plana (or simply Castellón or Castelló), is the capital city of the province of Castellón, in the Valencian Community, Spain. It is located near the eastern coastline of the Iberian Peninsula by the Mediterranean Sea. The main urban core lies some kilometres inland while the detached district of Grau was built around the port. The Desert de les Palmes mountain range rises to the north.

According to the 2018 census, Castellón has a population of 174,264 inhabitants, ranking as the fourth most populated municipality in the Valencian Community. Castellón is part of a larger metropolitan area along with the neighbouring municipalities of Villarreal, Almassora, Benicàssim, Borriol, and Borriana.  The Prime Meridian, or Greenwich Meridian, intersects the 40th parallel at Castellón de la Plana and is commemorated with a monolith in Meridian Park (Parc del Meridià) located at the exact point where this occurs.
Stardom American Dream 2025
Stardom American Dream 2025 was a two-night professional wrestling event promoted by World Wonder Ring Stardom and produced by New Japan Pro-Wrestling of America. The event took place on April 17 and 18, 2025, with the first day in Enterprise, Nevada, at the Silverton Veil Pavilion, and the second day in Paradise, Nevada, at the MEET Las Vegas. This will also be the final event for Mina Shirakawa as a member of the Stardom roster.

Suzu Suzuki
Suzu Suzuki (鈴季すず, Suzuki Suzu; born September 16, 2002) is a Japanese professional wrestler signed to World Wonder Ring Stardom where she is the leader of Mi Vida Loca. She is best known for her time in Ice Ribbon and Pure-J, two Japanese professional wrestling promotions.

Suzuki is a former one-time Goddesses of Stardom Champion and one-time Artist of Stardom Champion and the winner of the 2023 5 Star Grand Prix.
CUCEI
The University Center of Exact Sciences and Engineering (CUCEI) is the entity from the University of Guadalajara in Mexico which focuses in the fields of engineering, physical sciences, chemistry and mathematics. The CUCEI currently serves 14,581 students in 18 undergraduate and 18 postgraduate programs. It also has 216 researchers of the National System of Researchers (SNI) and 380 professors with recognition from the Teacher Professional Development Program (PRODEP).

Sistema Nacional de Investigadores
Sistema Nacional de Investigadores (National System of Researchers) or SNI is a governmental agency established in Mexico in 1984 to promote both the quantity and quality of research in Mexico, especially in the sciences. In the 1980s, the country suffered from “brain drain,” with talent leaving Mexico for better economic opportunities in other places in the world. SNI first worked to establish compensation guides to keep researchers in the country, but since has also been involved in the reform of Mexico's graduate-level education. Membership in the system is prestigious, especially in Levels II, III, and Emeritus, which require demonstration of significant contributions in research as well as teaching and the promotion of research in Mexico.
Covendo
Covendo is a village in the La Paz Department of Bolivia. It is in the valley of the upper Beni River (Alto Beni) in the Bolivian Andes.

In 2001 it had a population of 517.

It is served by Covendo Airport.

La Paz Department (Bolivia)
The La Paz Department of Bolivia comprises 133,985 square kilometres (51,732 sq mi) with a 2024 census population of 3,022,566 inhabitants. It is situated at the western border of Bolivia, sharing Lake Titicaca with the neighboring Peru. It contains the Cordillera Real mountain range, which reaches altitudes of 6.6 kilometers (22,000 ft). Northeast of the Cordillera Real are the Yungas, the steep eastern slopes of the Andes Mountains that make the transition to the Amazon River basin to the northeast. The capital of the department is the city of La Paz and is the administrative city and seat of government/national capital of Bolivia.
Mazilug
54°05′N 43°12′E﻿ / ﻿54.083°N 43.200°E﻿ / 54.083; 43.200

Mazilug (Russian: Мазилуг) is a rural locality (a village) in Torbeyevsky District of the Republic of Mordovia, Russia.  It is in administrative jurisdiction of the urban-type settlement of Torbeyevo and is located within 3 kilometers (1.9 mi) of it.  Population is mostly Mordovian.

Mordovia
Mordovia (/mɔːrˈdoʊvɪə/ mor-DOH-vee-ə), officially the Republic of Mordovia, is a republic of Russia, situated in Eastern Europe. Its capital is the city of Saransk. As of the 2010 Census, the population of the republic was 834,755. Ethnic Russians (53.1%) and Mordvins (39.8%) account for the majority of the population.
Todd Champion
Todd Bradford (born September 2, 1960) is an American retired professional wrestler, better known by his ring name, Todd Champion. He competed in the Southeastern United States, winning titles in several promotions, including World Championship Wrestling (WCW).

United States Wrestling Association
The United States Wrestling Association (USWA) was a professional wrestling promotion based in Memphis, Tennessee. The company was founded when the Memphis-based Continental Wrestling Association merged with the Dallas-based World Class Championship Wrestling.
Romania at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Romania participated at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Twenty-nine athletes have qualified for the Olympiad. The Romanian flag was carried by Éva Tófalvi during the opening ceremonies.

Flag of Romania
The national flag of Romania (Romanian: drapelul național al României) is a tricolour featuring three equal vertical bands colored blue (at the flagpole), yellow and red, with a width to length ratio of 2:3.

The current version was adopted in 1989 in the wake of the Romanian Revolution and is defined in the Constitution of Romania as well as by organic law 75/1994, plus several later clarifications. Starting in 2023, the law provides exact color shades for print and digital purposes.

The colors have been used individually or in pairs on official insignia and symbols since the 14th century, but were first officially combined on a flag in the 19th century. Although the flag has seen several variations over the years, its overall design has remained consistent, maintaining the same colors and a similar arrangement of the bands.
1927–28 Washington State Cougars men's basketball team
The 1927–28 Washington State Cougars men's basketball team represented Washington State College for the 1927–28 college basketball season. Led by second-year head coach Karl Schlademan, the Cougars were members of the Pacific Coast Conference and played their home games on campus in Pullman, Washington.

The Cougars were 7–17 overall in the regular season and 1–9 in conference play, last in the Northern 
division.

Schlademan was the track and field coach for the Cougars until 1940, but this was his final year as head basketball coach.  He was succeeded by alumnus Jack Friel, who was the head coach at North Central High School in Spokane, and won the state title in his third and final season at NCHS in 1928. A former team captain and all-conference player under Fred Bohler, Friel led Washington State as head coach for three decades.

1957–58 Washington State Cougars men's basketball team
The 1957–58 Washington State Cougars men's basketball team represented Washington State College for the 1957–58 NCAA college basketball season. Led by thirtieth-year head coach Jack Friel, the Cougars were members of the Pacific Coast Conference and played their home games on campus at Bohler Gymnasium in Pullman, Washington.

The Cougars were 7–19 overall in the regular season and 3–13 in conference play, last in the standings.

This was Friel's final season as head coach.