hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
River Tay
The River Tay (Scottish Gaelic: Tatha, IPA: [ˈt̪ʰa.ə]; probably from the conjectured Brythonic Tausa, possibly meaning 'silent one' or 'strong one' or, simply, 'flowing') is the longest river in Scotland and the seventh-longest in Great Britain. The Tay originates in western Scotland on the slopes of Ben Lui (Scottish Gaelic: Beinn Laoigh), then flows easterly across the Highlands, through Loch Dochart, Loch Iubhair and Loch Tay, then continues east through Strathtay (see Strath), in the centre of Scotland, then southeasterly through Perth, where it becomes tidal, to its mouth at the Firth of Tay, south of Dundee. It is the largest river in the United Kingdom by measured discharge. Its catchment is approximately 2,000 square miles (5,200 square kilometres), the Tweed's is 1,500 sq mi (3,900 km2) and the Spey's is 1,097 sq mi (2,840 km2).

Discharge (hydrology)
In hydrology, discharge is the volumetric flow rate (volume per time, in units of m3/h or ft3/h) of a stream. It equals the product of average flow velocity (with dimension of length per time, in m/h or ft/h) and the cross-sectional area (in m2 or ft2). It includes any suspended solids (e.g. sediment), dissolved chemicals like CaCO3(aq), or biologic material (e.g. diatoms) in addition to the water itself. Terms may vary between disciplines. For example, a fluvial hydrologist studying natural river systems may define discharge as streamflow, whereas an engineer operating a reservoir system may equate it with outflow, contrasted with inflow.
USS PC-1261
USS PC-1261 was a PC-461-class submarine chaser built for the United States Navy during World War II. She was the first ship sunk during the D-Day landings on 6 June 1944, when she was hit by shellfire from German shore batteries.

Submarine chaser
A submarine chaser or subchaser is a type of small naval vessel that is specifically intended for anti-submarine warfare. They encompass designs that are now largely obsolete, but which played an important role in the wars of the first half of the 20th century. Many of the American submarine chasers used in World War I found their way to Allied nations by way of Lend-Lease in World War II.
Waverton
Waverton is any of the following places:

Waverton, Cheshire, a civil parish in Cheshire, England.

Waverton, Cumbria, a civil parish in Cumbria, England.

Waverton, New South Wales, a suburb of Sydney, Australia.

Waverton, New South Wales
Waverton is a harbour-side suburb on the lower North Shore of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Waverton is four kilometres north of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of North Sydney.
Citadel of Biên Hòa
10°57′03″N 106°49′01″E﻿ / ﻿10.950800°N 106.817054°E﻿ / 10.950800; 106.817054﻿ (Ancient Citadel of Biên Hòa)

Citadel of Biên Hòa (Vietnamese: Thành cổ Biên Hòa) is a historic site located in Quang Vinh ward, Biên Hòa, Đồng Nai. It is considered the only ancient citadel in the Southern Vietnam that still exists today.

The remains of the old citadel is a laterite wall surrounding a 10,816.5 m2 wide campus.  Inside the citadel, there is a French architecture manson.

Historic site
A historic site or heritage site is an official location where pieces of political, military, cultural, or social history have been preserved due to their cultural heritage value. Historic sites are usually protected by law, and many have been recognized with official historic status. A historic site may be any building, landscape, site or structure that is of local, regional, national, or global significance. Usually this also means the site must be at least 50 years or older.
Pennask Lake Provincial Park
Pennask Lake Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, located on the easternmost heights of the Thompson Plateau, 50 km (31 mi) to the northwest of the Okanagan town of Peachland.

Pennask Lake is a high elevation lake that has multiple spring creeks flowing into it. The park takes in two bays at the southeast corner of Pennask Lake. Peterson Bay is a long, narrow bay which provides entry into the main portion of the lake from the park. Chapman Bay is a shallow, confined bay at the north end of the park. The park fronts one kilometre of the lake's south shore.

Provincial park
A provincial park (or territorial park) is a park administered by one of the provinces of a country, as opposed to a national park. They are similar to state parks in other countries. They are typically open to the public for recreation. Their environment may be more or less strictly protected.
Coupe Dodge
The Quebec Provincial Hockey Championship (French:  Championnats Provinciaux de Hockey, known as Coupe Chevrolet, or the Chevrolet Cup for commercial reasons) is a provincial championship in the men's and women's amateur ice hockey leagues in Quebec, Canada. This tournament is sanctioned by both Fédération québécoise de hockey sur glace (Hockey Quebec) and Hockey Canada.

Hockey Canada
Hockey Canada (which merged with the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association in 1994) is the national governing body of ice hockey and ice sledge hockey in Canada. It is a member of the International Ice Hockey Federation and controls the majority of organized ice hockey in Canada. There are some notable exceptions, such as the Canadian Hockey League, U Sports (formerly known as Canadian Interuniversity Sport), and Canada's professional hockey clubs; the former two are partnered with Hockey Canada but are not member organizations. Hockey Canada is based in Calgary, with a secondary office in Ottawa and regional centres in Toronto, Winnipeg and Montreal.
Eastwood Nature Reserve
Eastwood Nature Reserve is a 4.7-hectare (11.6-acre) nature reserve in Stalybridge, Tameside, England. It is managed by the Cheshire Wildlife Trust (CWT). The reserve was given to the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) by the Cheetham family in 1931 and became the first RSPB-owned reserve. The RSPB then leased it on to CWT.

The steep-sided clough has an extensive system of good pathways around it, enabling visitors to experience a blanket of bluebells in the spring as well as wood sorrel and wild angelica. There is also a wide variety of woodland birds, such as chaffinch, treecreeper and nuthatch, throughout the year.  A stream runs through the entire length of the reserve into the old mill pond at Cheetham Mill just outside the reserve.

Treecreeper
The treecreepers are a family, Certhiidae, of small passerine birds, widespread in wooded regions of the Northern Hemisphere. The family contains nine species in one genus, Certhia. Their plumage is dull-coloured. As their name implies, they climb over the vertical surfaces of trees in search of food.
Sierra Leone National First Division
Sierra Leone National First Division is the second highest football league in Sierra Leone, after the Sierra Leone National Premier League. Along with the Sierra Leone National Premier League, they are the two major football leagues in Sierra Leone. The league is controlled by the Sierra Leone Football Association.

Sierra Leone Football Association
The Sierra Leone Football Association is the governing body of football in Sierra Leone. It was founded in 1960 (current association), and affiliated to FIFA the same year.
It organises and runs the  national leagues, including the Sierra Leone National Premier League, Sierra Leonean FA Cup, and the national football teams, including the under-17, under-20, under-23, and the senior national team.  The Sierra Leone Football Association is formed of elected executive committee members, led by a president, who is currently Thomas Daddy Brima, who was elected in June 2021.
Free the Music
Free the Music is the fourth and second major-label studio album by American country music artist Jerrod Niemann. It was released on October 2, 2012, via Sea Gayle Music and Arista Nashville. Niemann co-produced the album and wrote or co-wrote all twelve tracks. The album features a duet with Colbie Caillat, "All About You."

Arista Nashville
Arista Nashville was an American record label that served as a wholly owned division of Sony Music, operated under the Sony Music Nashville division. Founded in 1989, the label specialized in country music artists, including Alan Jackson, Brooks & Dunn, Brad Paisley, and Carrie Underwood. The label had operated three sister labels: Career Records, Arista Austin, and Arista Texas/Latin.
The Crusades Through Arab Eyes
The Crusades Through Arab Eyes (French: Les Croisades vues par les Arabes) is a French language historical essay by Lebanese author Amin Maalouf.

As the name suggests, the book is a narrative retelling of primary sources drawn from various Arab chronicles that seeks to provide an Arab perspective on the Crusades, and especially regarding the Crusaders – the Franj, as the Arabs called them – who were considered cruel, savage, ignorant, and culturally backward.

From the first invasion in the eleventh century through till the general collapse of the Crusades in the thirteenth century, the book constructs a narrative that is the reverse of that common in the Western world, describing the main facts as bellicose and displaying situations of a quaint historic setting, where Western Christians are viewed as "barbarians", and unaware of the most elementary rules of honor, dignity, and social ethics.

Dignity
Dignity is the right of a person to be valued and respected for their own sake, and to be treated ethically. In this context, it is of significance in morality, ethics, law and politics as an extension of the Enlightenment-era concepts of inherent, inalienable rights. The term may also be used to describe personal conduct, as in "behaving with dignity".

The content of contemporary dignity is derived from the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948, summarized in the principle that every human being has the right to human dignity. In Article 1, it is stipulated that 'All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
Petra Jaya
Petra Jaya [ˌpetraˈd͡ʒaja, ˌpetrəˈd͡ʒajə] is a suburb of Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia. This suburb was named after the sixth Yang di-Pertuan Agong, Tuanku Yahya Petra of Kelantan (1975-1979), added by jaya, the Sanskrit word for "victory," "triumph", or "success".

Datuk Patinggi Haji Abdul Rahman Bridge
The Datuk Patinggi Haji Abdul Rahman Bridge, also known as the Jambatan Datuk Patinggi Haji Abdul Rahman, and New Satok Bridge, is a major bridge crossing Sarawak River in Kuching city, Sarawak, Malaysia. Located near the bridge is the site of the former Satok Bridge.

The bridge was named after Tun Datuk Patinggi Haji Abdul Rahman Ya'kub (1928–2015), the former Chief Minister of Sarawak from 1970 to 1981 and Yang di-Pertua Negeri of Sarawak from 1981 to 1986, as well as Minister of Education from 1969 to 1970, in which he also previously served in other federal cabinet positions such as Deputy Minister of National and Rural Development, Deputy Minister of Justice and Deputy Minister of Lands and Mines from 1964 to 1969.
Frederick William Meredith
Frederick William Meredith (10 July 1895 in Killiney, Ireland, 1980) was an Irish engineer, communist and Soviet agent. From 1936 to 1939 Meredith along with  Wilfrid Vernon, his colleague at the Royal Aircraft Establishment (RAE) were spying for  Ernest David Weiss, a Soviet GRU agent.
In 1945, Meredith began the development of a new generation all-electric three-axis autopilot system called SEP-1 (Smiths Electric Pilot Mark 1) or the military version MARK 9.

Royal Aircraft Establishment
The Royal Aircraft Establishment (RAE) was a British research establishment, known by several different names during its history, that eventually came under the aegis of the UK Ministry of Defence (MoD), before finally losing its identity in mergers with other institutions.

The British Army Balloon Factory was established on Farnborough Common in the early 1900s. By 1912 it had come under civilian control and was the Royal Aircraft Factory (RAF). In 1918 it was renamed Royal Aircraft Establishment to prevent confusion with the newly created Royal Air Force.

The first site was at Farnborough Airfield ("RAE Farnborough") in Hampshire to which was added a second site RAE Bedford (Bedfordshire) in 1946.

On 1 May 1988 it was renamed the Royal Aerospace Establishment (RAE) before merging with other research entities to become part of the new Defence Research Agency in 1991.
Singspiel (horse)
Singspiel (25 February 1992 – 1 July 2010) was an Irish-bred Thoroughbred racehorse and sire best known for a series of wins in major international races in 1996 and 1997. In a racing career which lasted from September 1994 until August 1997 he won nine of his twenty races and finished second on eight occasions. After showing good, but unexceptional form in his first two seasons he emerged as a world class performer in 1996 when he won the Canadian International Stakes and Japan Cup and was named U.S. Champion Male Turf Horse. In the following season he added victories in the Dubai World Cup, Coronation Cup and International Stakes before his career was ended by injury. After his retirement from racing he had considerable success as a sire of winners before his death in 2010.

Breeders' Cup Turf
The Breeders' Cup Turf is a Weight for Age Thoroughbred horse race on turf for three-year-olds and up. It is held annually at a different racetrack in the United States or Canada as part of the Breeders' Cup World Championships. The race's current title sponsor is Longines.

The race is run at the European Classic distance of 1+1⁄2 miles, making it one of the most internationally appealing races on the Breeders' Cup lineup. One of the biggest moments in the race's history came in 2018 when Enable became the first horse to win both the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe and Breeders' Cup Turf in the same year.

The forerunner for this race was the Washington, D.C. International Stakes at Laurel Park Racecourse. Inaugurated in 1952, it was raced on turf at 1+1⁄2 miles and drew the best horses from North America and Europe.
Tanks of Canada
The history and development of tanks in the Royal Canadian Armoured Corps can be broken down into smaller categories: their origin during World War I; the interwar period; World War II; the Cold War; and the modern era.

AVGP
The AVGP (Armoured Vehicle General Purpose), later known as the LAV I, is a series of three amphibious armoured fighting vehicles ordered by the Canadian military in the 1970s. The vehicles, named Grizzly, Cougar and Husky respectively, were based on the six-wheeled version of the Swiss Mowag Piranha I, and became the first generation Light Armoured Vehicle produced by General Motors Diesel (later General Dynamics Land Systems – Canada).

The AVGP program led to the development of the 8×8 LAV II, variants of which were adopted as direct replacements for the AVGP. These were the Bison and Coyote Reconnaissance Vehicle, which replaced the Grizzly and Cougar respectively.

The Canadian Army retired all AVGP variants beginning in 2005; however, a number of the retired vehicles were transferred to other militaries and police forces, where they continue in use.
2023–24 LEN Women's Challenger Cup
The 2023–24 LEN Women's Challenger Cup was the inaugural edition of the new water polo competition organised by the Ligue Européenne de Natation (LEN). It acted as the third tier, below the LEN Women's Champions League and the LEN Women's Euro Cup.

Izmir BB GSK won the inaugural competition, beating ZVK Crvena Zvezda 10–9 in the final. Izmir BB GSK became the first Turkish club to win a European club water polo competition.

European Aquatics Women's Euro Cup
The European Aquatics Women's Euro Cup, formerly the Women's LEN Trophy and LEN Women's Euro Cup, is European Aquatics's second-tier competition for women's water polo clubs. It was first held in 2000 and 2001 as the LEN Women's Cup Winners' Cup. It was contested for many seasons by around 15 teams, which could qualify for it either directly due to high ranking in their domestic league or by being eliminated at certain stages of the Champions' Cup. After the last reformations in the European competitions system by LEN, only four teams contesting for the trophy, coming after elimination at that season's LEN Euro League quarterfinals stage. Italy's Gifa Palermo, Ortigia, Racing Roma, Imperia, Russia's Shturm Ruza, and Greece's Ethnikos Piraeus are the most successful clubs in the competition with two titles each.

From 2024, after LEN was renamed to European Aquatics, the new name is the European Aquatics Women's Euro Cup.
Gráinne Conole
Gráinne Conole is an Irish-born professor and educational researcher, based in England. She was Professor of Learning Innovation and Director of the Institute of Learning Innovation, University of Leicester. Prior to this, she was Professor of eLearning at the Institute of Educational Technology in the UK's Open University.  Previously she had a chair in education at the University of Southampton and was also previously director of the Institute for Learning and Research Technology at the University of Bristol. Professor Conole was named an EDEN Fellow in 2013 and was awarded a National Teaching Fellowship from the Higher Education Academy and ASCILITE Fellow Award in 2012.

Born in Ireland, Conole later moved to London. She has two children.

Educational research
Educational research refers to the systematic collection and analysis of evidence and data related to the field of education. Research may involve a variety of methods and various aspects of education including student learning, interaction, teaching methods, teacher training, and classroom dynamics.

Educational researchers generally agree that research should be rigorous and systematic. However, there is less agreement about specific standards, criteria and research procedures. As a result, the value and quality of educational research has been questioned.  Educational researchers may draw upon a variety of disciplines including psychology, economics, sociology, anthropology, and philosophy. Methods may be drawn from a range of disciplines. Conclusions drawn from an individual research study may be limited by the characteristics of the participants who were studied and the conditions under which the study was conducted.
Naegeli–Franceschetti–Jadassohn syndrome
Naegeli–Franceschetti–Jadassohn syndrome (NFJS), also known as chromatophore nevus of Naegeli and Naegeli syndrome, is a rare autosomal dominant form of ectodermal dysplasia, characterized by reticular skin pigmentation, diminished function of the sweat glands, the absence of teeth and hyperkeratosis of the palms and soles. One of the most striking features is the absence of fingerprint lines on the fingers.

Naegeli syndrome is similar to dermatopathia pigmentosa reticularis, both of which are caused by a specific defect in the keratin 14 protein.

Hyperkeratosis
Hyperkeratosis is thickening of the stratum corneum (the outermost layer of the epidermis, or skin), often associated with the presence of an abnormal quantity of keratin, and is usually accompanied by an increase in the granular layer. As the corneum layer normally varies greatly in thickness in different sites, some experience is needed to assess minor degrees of hyperkeratosis.

It can be caused by vitamin A deficiency or chronic exposure to arsenic.

Hyperkeratosis can also be caused by B-Raf inhibitor drugs such as vemurafenib and dabrafenib.

It can be treated with urea-containing creams, which dissolve the intercellular matrix of the cells of the stratum corneum, promoting desquamation of scaly skin, eventually resulting in softening of hyperkeratotic areas.
James Brown (editor)
James Brown (born 26 September 1965 in Leeds) is a British former journalist, author, radio host and media entrepreneur. His first book, Above Head Height: A Five-a-Side Life, was published in 2017 by Quercus and received positive reviews in The Guardian, The Australian and The Daily Telegraph. A renowned Leeds United supporter, Brown also co-hosts The Late Tackle on Talksport with the comedy writer Andy Dawson, of Athletico Mince fame. In addition to his media profile, he is the owner of Sabotage Times – a music, football and culture website – and the Sabotage Agency, which has provided content for such brands as Scotts, Carling and Adidas.

Pentland Group
Pentland Group Limited is a British privately held multinational company that owns and invests in retail and wholesale businesses in the sports, outdoor and sports fashion sectors. The company is the majority shareholder of JD Sports, which operates 2,420 stores across 19 countries. Pentland also owns Speedo, Berghaus, Canterbury of New Zealand, Endura, Boxfresh, Ellesse, Red or Dead and Mitre. It is the UK footwear licensee for Kickers and has a joint venture partnership for Lacoste footwear. The company also holds interests in other sectors.

With annual sales of $6.4 billion, Pentland Group is headquartered in London and employs more than 50,000 people.

In 2017, the Group was awarded the International Institute for Management Development Global Family Business International Award.
Slow Jams
"Slow Jams" is a song by American musician Quincy Jones from his studio album Q's Jook Joint (1995). Written and produced by Rod Temperton, vocals for the song were initially recorded by Babyface, Portrait, Barry White and SWV. A remix version, released in 1996 as the album's second single, replaced the latter's vocals with Tamia. A commercial success, it peaked at number 2 on the New Zealand Singles Chart and reached the top 20 on Billboard's  Hot R&B Singles chart. The original version featuring SWV earned a nomination for Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals at the 39th Grammy Awards in 1997.

Q's Jook Joint
Q's Jook Joint is an album by Quincy Jones, released in 1995 by Qwest Records. The album reached No. 1 on the Billboard jazz albums chart on December 30, 1995. Q's Jook Joint won the Grammy Award for Best Engineered Album, Non-Classical in 1997.
Bhimsen Das Pradhan
Bhimsen Das Pradhan (Nepali: भिमसेन दास प्रधान) is a member of 2nd Nepalese Constituent Assembly. He won Kathmandu–6 seat in 2013 Nepalese Constituent Assembly election from Nepali Congress. On 26 July 2017, he was appointed Defence Minister of Nepal by Prime Minister Deuba.

2013 Nepalese Constituent Assembly election
Constituent Assembly elections were held in Nepal on 19 November 2013. The vote was repeatedly delayed, having previously been planned for 22 November 2012 following the dissolution of the 1st Constituent Assembly on 27 May 2012, but it was put off by the election commission. The Nepali Congress emerged as the largest party in the 2nd Nepalese Constituent Assembly, winning 196 of the 575 elected seats.