hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Castaing
Castaing is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Edme Castaing (1796–1823), French physician and murderer

Francis Castaing (born 1957), French bicycle racer

François Castaing (born 1945), French automotive executive

Jacques Chastenet de Castaing (1893–1978), French journalist, historian and diplomat

Jean Castaing (fl. 1685–1700), French inventor and mint official

Jean Castaing (playwright) (1723–1805), printer and playwright

Lucien Castaing-Taylor (born 1966), British anthropologist and artist

Madeleine Castaing (1894–1992), French antique dealer and interior designer

Jacques Chastenet
Jacques Chastenet de Castaing (French: [ʃastnɛ]; 20 April 1893, in Paris – 7 February 1978, in Paris) was a French journalist, historian and diplomat.

Le Temps, which first appeared on 25 April 1861, was a major moderate and liberal newspaper. After World War I (1914–18) it moved towards the right and the confederations of major French employers. In 1924 the paper opposed the Cartel des Gauches. Émile Mireaux and Jacques Chastenet were put in charge of the paper in 1931. Their diplomatic positions eventually became those of Great Britain. After the defeat of France in World War II (1939–45) the newspaper's distribution was restricted to the zone libre. It ceased publication on 29 November 1942 following the German invasion of the zone libre.

Chastenet was elected to the Académie française on 29 November 1956.
Valentin Katasonov
Valentin Yuryevich Katasonov (Russian: Валенти́н Ю́рьевич Катасо́нов; born April 5, 1950) is a Russian scientist-economist, Doctor of Economics. He is associated with the Strategic Culture Foundation (SCF).

Doctor of Sciences
A Doctor of Sciences is a higher doctoral degree that was awarded in the Russian Empire, the Soviet Union and many Commonwealth of Independent States countries. It is currently awarded in some post-soviet nations, particularly Russia and Belarus. One of the prerequisites for receiving a Doctor of Sciences degree is obtaining a PhD-equivalent Candidate of Sciences degree. In addition, the Doctor of Sciences conferral also requires applicants to demonstrate significant and outstanding contributions to their research field. This degree is generally regarded as recognition for a lifetime of academic achievements rather than an ordinary academic degree achieved through courses and theses.
Friendship One
Friendship One was a successful attempt at beating the round-the-world air speed record.

The flight was conducted from January 29 to January 30, 1988, and was operated by a Boeing 747SP owned by United Airlines. A charitable foundation, the Friendship Foundation, was established and all money went to children's charities. A ticket on the flight cost USD $5,000, and, in total, the flight raised about $500,000. A total of 141 passengers were on board, including Neil Armstrong and Bill Lear's widow, Moya.

The previous speed record of 45 hours, 26 minutes, and 55 seconds was set by a Gulfstream III business jet. Friendship One, captained by Clay Lacy, followed a 23,125-mile route from Seattle, Washington to refueling stops in Athens and Taipei, and back to Seattle. It completed the trip in 36 hours, 54 minutes, and 15 seconds. Later in 1988, a Gulfstream IV made a similar eastbound circumnavigation in 36 hours, 8 minutes, which stands as the world record as of 2013.

Bill Lear
William Powell Lear (June 26, 1902 – May 14, 1978) was an American inventor and businessman. He is best known for founding Learjet, a manufacturer of business jets. He also invented the battery eliminator for the B battery, and developed the car radio and the 8-track cartridge, an audio tape system. Throughout his career of 46 years, Lear received over 140 patents.
Huadong Medicine
HD Medicine, or Huadong Medicine Co., Ltd., is a Hangzhou-based pharmaceutical company registered on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange since January 27, 2000. It has a listed share capital of 380,000,000 renminbi and a market capitalization of 126,323,040 renminbi as of July 2005. It is the largest pharmaceutical company in Zhejiang and the leading immunosuppressant manufacturer in China.

In June 2025, the company received approval to commence clinical trials for Roflumilast Foam, targeting dermatological conditions.

Share capital
A corporation's share capital, commonly referred to as capital stock in the United States, is the portion of a corporation's equity that has been derived by the issue of shares in the corporation to a shareholder, usually for cash.
4-hydroxyacetophenone monooxygenase
In enzymology, a 4-hydroxyacetophenone monooxygenase (EC 1.14.13.84) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction:

(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethan-1-one + NADPH + H+ + O2  O-acetylhydroquinone + NADP+ + H2O

The 4 substrates of this enzyme are (4-hydroxyphenyl)ethan-1-one, NADPH, H+, and O2, whereas its 3 products are hydroquinone acetate ester, NADP+, and H2O.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on paired donors, with O2 as oxidant and incorporation or reduction of oxygen. The oxygen incorporated need not be derived from O2 with NADH or NADPH as one donor, and incorporation of one atom o oxygen into the other donor.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is (4-hydroxyphenyl)ethan-1-one,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (ester-forming). This enzyme is also called HAPMO.  This enzyme participates in bisphenol a degradation.

Hydrogen ion
A hydrogen ion is an ion created when a hydrogen atom loses or gains an electron. A positively charged hydrogen ion (or proton) can readily combine with other particles and therefore is only seen isolated when it is in a gaseous state or a nearly particle-free space. Due to its extremely high charge density of approximately 2×1010 times that of a sodium ion, the bare hydrogen ion cannot exist freely in solution as it readily hydrates, i.e., bonds quickly. The hydrogen ion is recommended by IUPAC as a general term for all ions of hydrogen and its isotopes. 
Depending on the charge of the ion, two different classes can be distinguished: positively charged ions (hydrons) and negatively charged (hydride) ions.
Pieraccini
Pieraccini  (Italian pronunciation: [pjeratˈtʃiːni]) is an Italian surname derived from the given name Piero, originating in Tuscany and Forlì. Notable people with the surname include:

Carmen Pieraccini (born 1979), Scottish actress

Giovanni Pieraccini (1918–2017), Italian journalist and politician

Leonetta Cecchi Pieraccini (1882–1977), Italian painter

Roberto Pieraccini (born 1955), Italian electrical engineer

Leonetta Cecchi Pieraccini
Leonetta Cecchi Pieraccini (31 October 1882 - 23 September 1977) was an Italian painter, originally from Tuscany. Like many artists of the period, she is known principally for portraiture, employing watercolours or oils.  Her actual output was more diverse, however. She produced a number of landscapes and monotypes. She was also a diligent diarist, and during the later part of her life published several books, which were autobiographical in character. Her work resonated with art lovers and commentators during the first and middle parts of the twentieth century, through which she lived, surviving to a good age. By the time she died, to the regret of admirers, her work was beginning to fall out of favour, however.
Carter Lake Dam
Carter Lake Dam (National ID # CO01650) is a dam in Larimer County, Colorado.

The earthen dam was completed in 1950 by the United States Bureau of Reclamation, with a height of 214 feet (65 m), and a length of 1,235 feet (376 m) at its crest.  It contains offstream storage as part of the Bureau of Reclamation's Colorado-Big Thompson Project for flood control and irrigation.  The dam is owned by the Bureau of Reclamation and operated by the Northern Colorado Water Conservancy District.

The reservoir it creates, Carter Lake Reservoir, has a water surface of 1,100 acres (450 ha), about eight miles of shoreline, more than 900 acres (360 ha) of surrounding public land, and a capacity of 112,230 acre-feet (138,430,000 m3).  Recreation includes fishing (for rainbow trout, kokanee, brown trout, splake, walleye, yellow perch, bluegill, salmon, largemouth bass, etc.), hunting, boating, camping and hiking.

Larimer County, Colorado
Larimer County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. As of the 2020 census, the population was 359,066. The county seat and most populous city is Fort Collins. The county was named for William Larimer, Jr., the founder of Denver. Larimer County comprises the Fort Collins–Loveland metropolitan area. The county is located at the northern end of the Front Range, at the edge of the Colorado Eastern Plains along the border with Wyoming.
Mantineus
In Greek mythology, Mantineus (Ancient Greek: Μαντινέα or Μαντινεὺς) was an Arcadian prince as one of the 50 sons of the impious King Lycaon either by the naiad Cyllene, Nonacris or by unknown woman. He founded the Arcadian city of Mantineia.

Mantinea
Mantinea (/ˌmæntəˈniːə/; Greek: Μαντίνεια Mantineia; also Koine Greek Ἀντιγόνεια Antigoneia) was a city in ancient Arcadia, Greece, which was the site of two significant battles in Classical Greek history.

In modern times it is a former municipality in Arcadia, Peloponnese, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Tripoli, of which it is a municipal unit. Its seat was the village of Nestani (pop. 486 in 2011). It is located in the northeastern part of Arcadia. The municipal unit has a land area of 205.393 km2 and a population of 1,693 inhabitants (2021). Its largest other towns are Artemisio, Loukas, and Kapsas.
Margot Dias
Margot Dias GOIH (née Schmidt; 4 June 1908 – 26 November 2001) was a German-born Portuguese musician, self-taught ethnologist and documentary filmmaker. She is mainly known for her contributions to Portuguese social anthropological studies in the 1950s and her ethnographic films and photographs on the Makonde people of Mozambique.

Rite of passage
A rite of passage is a ceremony or ritual of the passage which occurs when an individual leaves one group to enter another. It involves a significant change of status in society. In cultural anthropology, the term is the anglicisation of rite de passage, a French term innovated by the ethnographer Arnold van Gennep in his work Les rites de passage, The Rites of Passage. The term is now fully adopted into anthropology as well as into the literature and popular cultures of many modern languages.
Anne Mitchell-Gift
Anne Mitchell-Gift is a Tobago politician from the Tobago Council of the People's National Movement who was the first female Presiding Officer of the Tobago House of Assembly, serving from 2001 to 2013.

Mitchell-Gift was the Secretary of Education, Youth Affairs and Sport from 2006 to 2013. The Anne Mitchell-Gift auditorium at the Scarborough library is named after her.

Presiding Officer of the Tobago House of Assembly
The Presiding Officer of the Tobago House of Assembly is elected by the assembly members and presides over all Sittings of the assembly.

The current Presiding Officer of the Tobago House of Assembly is Abby Taylor of the Progressive Democratic Patriots.
Waste management law
Waste management laws govern the transport, treatment, storage, and disposal of all manners of waste, including municipal solid waste, hazardous waste, and nuclear waste, among many other types. Waste laws are generally designed to minimize or eliminate the uncontrolled dispersal of waste materials into the environment. When left unregulated, these dispersals can cause ecological or biological harm. Most waste management laws are designed to reduce the generation of waste and promote or mandate waste recycling. Waste management laws also regulate organic waste disposal, including composting which is increasingly being recognized as a more sustainable alternative to landfilling and incineration. Regulatory efforts include classifying waste types, setting standards for transport, treatment, storage, and disposal, and establishing enforcement mechanisms.

Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants
Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants is an international environmental treaty, signed on 22 May 2001 in Stockholm and effective from 17 May 2004, that aims to eliminate or restrict the production and use of persistent organic pollutants (POPs).
Red Mountain Resort
RED Mountain Resort is a ski resort in western Canada, located on Granite, Grey, Kirkup, and Red Mountains in Rossland, a former gold mining town in the West Kootenay region of southeastern British Columbia.  RED Mountain is one of the oldest ski hills in North America, with a history dating back to the creation of the Red Mountain Ski Club (RMSC) in the first decade of the 1900s.  RED Mountain is located in the Monashee Mountains just north of the U.S. border. Like other ski hills in the British Columbia Interior, it has a reputation for light, dry powder, with yearly snowfall of 750 cm (300 in).

Ski resort
A ski resort is a resort developed for skiing, snowboarding, and other winter sports. In Europe, most ski resorts are towns or villages in or adjacent to a ski area–a mountainous area with pistes (ski trails) and a ski lift system. In North America, it is more common for ski areas to exist well away from towns, so ski resorts usually are destination resorts, often purpose-built and self-contained, where skiing is the main activity.
Madrugada (Melanie album)
Madrugada is a 1974 album released by Melanie featuring the singles "Lover's Cross" and "Love to Lose Again". In November 1973, "Will You Love Me Tomorrow" became a Top 40 hit in the United Kingdom and was subsequently added to the British release of the album.

The album consists of leftover material from the 1972 sessions for Stoneground Words which was initially conceived as a double album. As with Gather Me, the album featured arrangements and conduction by Roger Kellaway.

The word madrugada is Portuguese and Spanish for the time of the night between midnight and sunrise.

Melanie (singer)
Melanie Anne Safka-Schekeryk (February 3, 1947 – January 23, 2024), professionally known as Melanie or Melanie Safka, was an American singer-songwriter.

Melanie is widely known for the 1971–72 global hit "Brand New Key", her 1970 version of the Rolling Stones' "Ruby Tuesday", her composition "What Have They Done to My Song Ma", and her 1970 international breakthrough hit, "Lay Down (Candles in the Rain)", which was inspired by her experience of performing at the 1969 Woodstock music festival.
Anna Maria Tarantola
Anna Maria Tarantola (Casalpusterlengo, February 3, 1945) is an Italian manager, former director of the Bank of Italy and former President of Rai since 8 June 2012 to 5 August 2015.

She graduated in economics from the Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore in 1969 and continued her studies at the London School of Economics obtaining a master's.

Anna Maria Tarantola is involved with the Pontifical Foundation Centesimus Annus Pro Pontifice (CAPP), based in the Secretariat of State of the Holy See; she has been President of this foundation since 2019.

Centesimus Annus Pro Pontifice
Centesimus Annus Pro Pontifice (CAPP) (it: Fondazione Centesimus Annus – Pro Pontifice) is a pontifical foundation.

Pope John Paul II established the "Fondazione Centesimus Annus - Pro Pontifice" on 13 June 1993 along with lay Catholic business, academic and professional leaders. The Foundation is a lay-led non-profit organisation. Its purpose is to promote Catholic social doctrine, especially as expressed in the encyclical Centesimus Annus (1991) and the aims of the Apostolic See. It is headquartered in Vatican City.
Bermuda Aquarium, Museum and Zoo
The Bermuda Aquarium, Museum and Zoo (BAMZ) is a facility located in Flatts Village, Bermuda, about 700 mi (1,100 km) east of the United States and at the geographic center of Bermuda. It was established in 1926 by the Bermuda government to enhance a growing tourism industry and "to inspire appreciation and care of island environments." The facility focuses on showing oceanic island species and in conservation, education, and research related to these species, and contains an aquarium, a natural history museum, and a zoo.

Support for the institution comes mainly from the Bermuda Zoological Society (BZS) and the Atlantic Conservation Partnership (ACP), both of which are supported primarily by donations and memberships.

The zoo has been accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) since 1993, and participates in four Species Survival Plans (SSP) as of 2009.

Association of Zoos and Aquariums
The Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA), originally the American Association of Zoological Parks and Aquariums (AAZPA), is an American 501(c)(3)
nonprofit organization founded in 1924 and dedicated to the advancement of zoos and public aquariums in the areas of conservation, education, science, and recreation. AZA is headquartered in Silver Spring, Maryland, and accredits zoos. There were 238 accredited zoos and aquariums as of 2025, primarily in the US, with a handful in twelve other countries; additionally, the AZA network contains 14 accredited related facilities.
Tariq Ghafoor
Tariq Ghafoor (born 20 February 1970) is a Pakistani paediatric haematologist, oncologist and stem cell transplant physician. He is a consultant physician at the Armed Forces Bone Marrow Transplant Centre (AFBMTC) in Rawalpindi and serves as head of pediatric oncology at the Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi. Ghafoor is the president of the Pakistan Society of Pediatric Oncology (PSPO).

Hematology
Hematology (spelled haematology in British English) is the branch of medicine concerned with the study of the cause, prognosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases related to blood. It involves treating diseases that affect the production of blood and its components, such as blood cells, hemoglobin, blood proteins, bone marrow, platelets, blood vessels, spleen, and the mechanism of coagulation. Such diseases might include hemophilia, sickle cell anemia, blood clots (thrombus), other bleeding disorders, and blood cancers such as leukemia, multiple myeloma, and lymphoma. The laboratory analysis of blood is frequently performed by a medical technologist or medical laboratory scientist.
New Salem Covered Bridge
The New Salem Covered Bridge, near Commerce, Georgia, is a multiple kingpost truss covered bridge built in 1915.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.

It spans a branch of Grove Creek, and is located 6 miles (9.7 km) north of Commerce on SR S992.  By 1974 it had been bypassed by a modern concrete bridge, so it is no longer used.  It is a 47 feet (14 m) long single span bridge.

King post
A king post (or king-post or kingpost) is a central vertical post used in architectural or bridge designs, working in tension to support a beam below from a truss apex above (whereas a crown post, though visually similar, supports items above from the beam below).

In aircraft design a strut called a king post acts in compression, similarly to an architectural crown post.  Usage in mechanical plant and marine engineering differs again, as noted below.
Alto Rio Negro Indigenous Territory
The Alto Rio Negro Indigenous Territory (Portuguese: Terra Indígena Alto Rio Negro) is an indigenous territory in the northwest of the state of Amazonas, Brazil. It is in the Amazon biome, and is mostly covered in forest. A number of different ethnic groups live in the territory, often related through marriage, with a total population of over 25,000.
There is a long history of colonial exploitation and effective slavery of the indigenous people, and then of attempts to suppress their culture and "civilize" them. The campaign to gain autonomy culminated in creation of the reserve in 1998. The people are generally literate, but health infrastructure is poor and there are very limited economic opportunities.

Amazon biome
The Amazon biome (Portuguese: Bioma Amazônia) contains the Amazon rainforest, an area of tropical rainforest, and other ecoregions that cover most of the Amazon basin and some adjacent areas to the north and east. The biome contains blackwater and whitewater flooded forest, lowland and montane terra firma forest, bamboo and palm forest, savanna, sandy heath and alpine tundra. Some areas of the biome are threatened by deforestation for timber and to make way for pasture or soybean plantations.
2023–24 Egyptian League Cup
The 2023–24 Egyptian League Cup was the third edition of the Egyptian League Cup, a cup knockout competition open to all clubs participating in the Egyptian Premier League. The competition began on 8 January, and concluded with the final on 7 August 2024.

Defending champions Ceramica Cleopatra successfully defended their title as they beat Tala'ea El Gaish 3–1 in the final, winning their second League Cup trophy and second major title in the club's history.

Ceramica Cleopatra entered the tournament as the defending champion, having won the previous edition after beating Al Masry 4–1 in the final.

2023 Egyptian League Cup final
The 2023 Egyptian League Cup final was the final match of the 2022–23 Egyptian League Cup, the second edition of the competition since its establishment in 2021. It was played between Al Masry and Ceramica Cleopatra on 22 July 2023 at Borg El Arab Stadium in Alexandria.

Al Masry were looking to win their first major title in 25 years, with their last honour being the 1998 Egypt Cup. Ceramica Cleopatra on the other side participated in a major competition final for the first time in the club's history. Ceramica Cleopatra won the match 4–1 and secured their first-ever League Cup and major title.

A total of 10,000 tickets were available to the public, and each club was given additional tickets estimated to be around 3,000 tickets.
Ublo
Ublo is a municipality and village in Zlín District in the Zlín Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.

Ublo lies approximately 18 kilometres (11 mi) east of Zlín and 269 km (167 mi) east of Prague.

Zlín Region
Zlín Region (Czech: Zlínský kraj) is an administrative unit (Czech: kraj) of the Czech Republic, located in the south-eastern part of the historical region of Moravia. It is named after its capital Zlín. Together with the Olomouc Region, it forms a cohesion area of Central Moravia. It is located in the eastern part of the Czech Republic, where the borders with Slovakia (Trenčín and Žilina Regions) are formed by its eastern edge. It borders the South Moravian Region in the southwest, the Olomouc Region in the northwest, and the Moravian-Silesian Region in the north. Culturally, the region is composed of parts of three traditional Moravian regions: Haná, the Moravian Slovakia, and the Moravian Wallachia, as the city of Zlín lies roughly at their tripoint.
King of the Court
King of the Court or Queen of the Court might refer to:

A competition format in sports such as;
Basketball
Pickleball
Racquetball
Tennis

Tobio Kageyama, a character in the Haikyu!! manga and anime series

Tennis games
Tennis games are often used to help players of all abilities to practice the different strokes involved in tennis.  The number of participants needed varies from as few as two players to as many players as can fit on a tennis court.  These games are often used by coaches and other tennis instructors to help teach the basic skills of tennis.
Soul of a New Machine
Soul of a New Machine is the debut studio album by American industrial metal band Fear Factory, released on August 25, 1992, by Roadrunner Records. Although it was Fear Factory's first album to be released, it was actually their second album recorded. The demo album, Concrete was recorded in 1991 but not released until 11 years later. Soul of a New Machine is a combination of death metal and industrial metal with other elements such as grindcore.

Soul of a New Machine was remastered and re-released on October 5, 2004, in a digipak, together with the remastered Fear Is the Mindkiller EP.

Optical disc packaging
Optical disc packaging is the packaging that accompanies CDs, DVDs, and other formats of optical discs. Most packaging is rigid or semi-rigid and designed to protect the media from scratches and other types of exposure damage.