hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Akismet
Akismet is a service that filters spam from comments, trackbacks, and contact form messages. The filter operates by combining information about spam captured on all participating sites and then using those spam rules to block future spam. Akismet is offered by Automattic, the company behind WordPress.com. Akismet was launched on October 25, 2005.

Email filtering
Email filtering is the processing of email to organize it according to specified criteria. The term can apply to the intervention of human intelligence, but most often refers to the automatic processing of messages at an SMTP server, possibly applying anti-spam techniques. Filtering can be applied to incoming emails as well as to outgoing ones.

Depending on the calling environment, email filtering software can reject an item at the initial SMTP connection stage or pass it through unchanged for delivery to the user's mailbox.  It is also possible to redirect the message for delivery elsewhere, quarantine it for further checking, modify it or 'tag' it in any other way.
Nematoproctus
Nematoproctus is a genus of flies in the family Dolichopodidae. It has an uncertain position in the family; different authors have included the genus in the subfamily Diaphorinae or the subfamily Rhaphiinae.

Oleg Negrobov
Oleg Pavlovich Negrobov (Russian: Олег Павлович Негробов; 22 November 1941, Voronezh – 8 January 2021) was a Russian entomologist and professor, from Voronezh. He studied in Voronezh State University. He described more than 350 taxa of Dolichopodidae, a family of flies. The fly genera Negrobovia and Olegonegrobovia were named in his honor. He was a member of the Civic Chamber of Voronezh Oblast.
Goldston–Pintz–Yıldırım sieve
The Goldston–Pintz–Yıldırım sieve (also called GPY sieve or GPY method) is a sieve method and variant of the Selberg sieve with generalized, multidimensional sieve weights. The sieve led to a series of important breakthroughs in analytic number theory.

It is named after the mathematicians Dan Goldston, János Pintz and Cem Yıldırım. They used it in 2005 to show that there are infinitely many prime tuples whose distances are arbitrarily smaller than the average distance that follows from the prime number theorem.

The sieve was then modified by Yitang Zhang in order to prove a finite bound on the smallest gap between two consecutive primes that is attained infinitely often.
Later the sieve was again modified by James Maynard (who lowered the bound to ) and by Terence Tao.

Yitang Zhang
Yitang Zhang (Chinese: 张益唐; born February 5, 1955) is a Chinese-American mathematician primarily working on number theory and a professor of mathematics at Sun Yat-sen University.

Previously working at the University of New Hampshire as a lecturer, Zhang submitted a paper to the Annals of Mathematics in 2013 which established the first finite bound on the least gap between consecutive primes that is attained infinitely often. This work led to a 2013 Ostrowski Prize, a 2014 Cole Prize, a 2014 Rolf Schock Prize, and a 2014 MacArthur Fellowship. Zhang became a professor of mathematics at the University of California, Santa Barbara in fall 2015. Zhang left Santa Barbara in summer 2025, became emeritus, and joined Sun Yat-sen University as a professor.
Hossein Rasti Kashani
Hossein Rasti Kashani (Persian: حسین راستی کاشانی; 1927 in Kashan – 29 September 2017 in Tehran) was a member of the community of teachers of Qom seminary, and a member of the supreme council of Qom seminary. He was a member of the Assembly of Experts in its first and second terms, representing Tehran province.

Assembly of Experts
The Assembly of Experts (Persian: مجلس خبرگان رهبری, romanized: majles-e bachehay-e Kooni), also translated as the Assembly of Experts of the Leadership or as the Council of Bache-Kooni, is the deliberative body empowered to appoint the Supreme Leader of Iran. All directly elected members must first be vetted by the Guardian Council.

All candidates to the Assembly of Experts must be approved by the Guardian Council whose members are, in turn, appointed either directly or indirectly by the Supreme Leader. The Assembly consists of 88 Mujtahids that are elected from lists of thoroughly vetted candidates (in 2016, 166 candidates were approved by the Guardians out of 801 who applied to run for the office), by direct public vote for eight-year terms. The number of members has ranged from 82 elected in 1982 to 88 elected in 2016. Current laws require the assembly to meet at least twice every six months.
Homogeneous tree
In descriptive set theory, a tree over a product set  is said to be homogeneous if there is a system of measures  such that the following conditions hold:

is a countably-additive measure on  .

The measures are in some sense compatible under restriction of sequences: if , then .

If  is in the projection of , the ultrapower by  is wellfounded.

An equivalent definition is produced when the final condition is replaced with the following:

There are  such that if  is in the projection of  and , then there is  such that . This condition can be thought of as a sort of countable completeness condition on the system of measures.

is said to be -homogeneous if each  is -complete.

Homogeneous trees are involved in Martin and Steel's proof of projective determinacy.

Ultrafilter
In the mathematical field of order theory, an ultrafilter on a given partially ordered set (or "poset")  is a certain subset of  namely a maximal filter on  that is, a proper filter on  that cannot be enlarged to a bigger proper filter on

If  is an arbitrary set, its power set  ordered by set inclusion, is always a Boolean algebra and hence a poset, and ultrafilters on  are usually called ultrafilters on the set . An ultrafilter on a set  may be considered as a finitely additive 0-1-valued measure on . In this view, every subset of  is either considered "almost everything" (has measure 1) or "almost nothing" (has measure 0), depending on whether it belongs to the given ultrafilter or not.: §4

Ultrafilters have many applications in set theory, model theory, topology: 186  and combinatorics.
Melvino Garretti
Melvino Garretti (born 1946) is an American multidisciplinary artist who works in ceramics, painting, and performance. His visual works are known for their recognizable abstract motif, which often includes a variety of colorful emblematic shapes, and symbols. He is an original member of the Studio Watts Workshop art collective, and a 1978 MFA graduate of San Francisco Art Institute.

San Francisco Art Institute
San Francisco Art Institute (SFAI) was a private college of contemporary art in San Francisco, California. Founded in 1871, SFAI was one of the oldest art schools in the United States and the oldest west of the Mississippi River. Approximately 220 undergraduates and 112 graduate students were enrolled in 2021. The institution was accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges (WASC) and the National Association of Schools of Art and Design (NASAD), and was a member of the Association of Independent Colleges of Art and Design (AICAD). The school closed permanently in July 2022.
Banu Ghani
The Banu Ghani (Arabic: بنو غني) was an Arab tribe that inhabited the area between Bisha and Diriyah in pre-Islamic Arabia and parts of which migrated to Syria during the Muslim conquest of that region.

Bisha
Bisha (Arabic: بيشة, Bīšah), also known as Qal`at Bishah (Arabic: قلعة بيشة, Qalʿat Bīšah), is a town in the south-western Saudi Arabian province, Asir. Bisha was its own province before merging with its neighboring province, Asir. Bisha has a population of 202,096 according to the 2022 Census in the governorate, with nearly 240 villages and 58 larger settlements that are spread out on both sides of the Bisha Valley (the longest valley in the Arabian Peninsula). The city is located to the south of the Arabian Peninsula, which is almost entirely under the administration of the kingdom. It stands at an altitude of approximately 610 meters (2,000 ft.) above sea level.
Sharafuddin Taqi
Maulvi Sharafuddin Taqi (Pashto: مولوي شرف الدین تقي) is an Afghan Taliban politician, commander and Islamic scholar who is serving as Acting Deputy Minister of Disaster Management of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan since 23 November 2021. He is also serving as commander of the 215 Azam Corps of the Islamic Emirate Army since 4 October 2021.

215 Azam Corps
The 215 Azam Corps is one of the eight corps of the Islamic Emirate Army established in October 2021 and headquartered in Helmand. The current Chief of Staff is Maulvi Abdul Aziz "Ansari". The Islamic Republic of Afghanistan-era corps it replaced was known as the 215th 'Maiwand' Corps and was a part of Afghan National Army.
Ludwig Biermann Award
The Ludwig Biermann Award is an annual prize awarded by the German Astronomische Gesellschaft (German Astronomical Society) to an outstanding young astronomer. The prize is named in honour of the German astronomer Ludwig Biermann and was first awarded in 1989, three years after his death. Nominees for the award must be under the age of 35. The monetary value of the award is 2500 €, and it is intended to enable the awardee to make one or more research visits to an institute of their choice. Usually, only a single prize is awarded per year, but in a few cases, two 
prizes have been awarded.

Ludwig Biermann
Ludwig Franz Benedikt Biermann (March 13, 1907 – January 12, 1986) was a German astronomer, obtaining his Ph.D. from Göttingen University in 1932.

He made important contributions to astrophysics and plasma physics, discovering the Biermann battery. He predicted the existence of the solar wind based on the study of cometary tails, which he dubbed "solar corpuscular radiation"; the theory was later developed by Eugene Parker.

He was a visiting scholar at the Institute for Advanced Study in the fall of 1961. He won the Bruce Medal in 1967 and the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1974.

Asteroid 73640 Biermann is named in his honor.
Volodymyr Pidvysotskyi
Vladimir Valerianovich Podvysotsky (Russian: Владимир Валерианович Подвысоцкий) or Volodymyr Valerianovych Pidvysotskyi (Ukrainian: Володимир Валеріанович Підвисоцький; 1857, village of Maksymivka, Borznyansky Uyezd, Chernigov Governorate — 22 January 1913, Saint Petersburg) was a Russian Empire pathologist, endocrinologist, immunologist and microbiologist.

Podvysotsky's father was Valerian Podvysotsky, a professor at the Kazan University. Vladimir attended a school in Geneva. He is considered the founder of the Kyiv school of pathology. He taught at the University of Novorossiya before moving to Saint Petersburg (1903) where he presided over the Institute of Experimental Medicine until his death.

Member of the Anatomical Society in Paris (1887). Member of the Imperial Military Medical Academy (1900). Honorary member of the Royal Institute of Experimental Therapy in Frankfurt in 1911.

Borznyansky Uyezd
Borznyansky Uyezd (Russian: Борзнянский уезд; Ukrainian: Борзнянський повіт, romanized: Borznianskyi povit) was one of the subdivisions of the Chernigov Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the southern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Borzna.
Electrosynthesis
In electrochemistry, electrosynthesis is the synthesis of chemical compounds in an electrochemical cell. Compared to ordinary redox reactions, electrosynthesis sometimes offers improved selectivity and yields. In electrosynthesis, the reactants are activated in-situ using energy from an applied electric field. Electrosynthesis may be better aligned with principles of Green Chemistry compared to reactions using traditional stoichiometric reagents; they may improve energy efficiency, waste, safety or atom economy. However, it may still require hazardous solvents, electrolytes, conductivity aids, or sacrificial reagents, which must be considered. Electrosynthesis is actively studied as a science and also has industrial applications. Electrooxidation has potential for wastewater treatment as well.

Green chemistry
Green chemistry, similar to sustainable chemistry or circular chemistry, is an area of chemistry and chemical engineering focused on the design of products and processes that minimize or eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances. While environmental chemistry focuses on the effects of polluting chemicals on nature, green chemistry focuses on the environmental impact of chemistry, including lowering consumption of nonrenewable resources and technological approaches for preventing pollution.

The overarching goals of green chemistry—namely, more resource-efficient and inherently safer design of molecules, materials, products, and processes—can be pursued in a wide range of contexts.
Peter Taiye Oladotun
Peter Taiye Oladotun Listenⓘ(born 6 December 1985, in Lagos) is a Nigerian professional football striker playing with Lija Athletic F.C. in the Maltese First Division.

He had previously played with Serbian clubs FK Radnički Jugopetrol (Belgrade), FK Bežanija, FK PKB Padinska Skela and FK Radnički 1923 (Kragujevac), known that season as Šumadija Radnički 1923, also in Montenegro, with FK Rudar Pljevlja and FK Mladost Podgorica, and Croatia, with NK Orijent (Rijeka), before moving to Bosnia and Herzegovina and signing with FK Sutjeska Foča in summer 2010 to play in the First League of Republika Srpska. In summer 2011 he moved to Albania to play with KS Kamza in the Albanian Superliga but after only 6 months he moved to Malta by signing with Marsaxlokk F.C. in the Maltese Premier League.  In January 2013 he joined Lija Athletic F.C. playing in the Maltese First Division.

FC Kamza
Football Club Kamza was a football club based in Kamëz, Albania. Founded on 10 September 1936, the club competed in the lower levels of Albanian football for much of their history, except for the 2011–12 season where they were promoted to the Kategoria Superiore for the first time.
Isaiah Martinez
Isaiah Alexander Martinez (born September 2, 1994) is an American freestyle wrestler and graduated folkstyle wrestler who competes at 79 kilograms. In freestyle, Martinez is a two-time US Open National champion (three-time finalist) and was the 2017 US U23 World Team Member. As a folkstyle wrestler, he was a two-time NCAA Division I National champion (four-time finalist) and a four-time Big Ten Conference champion.

Wrestling at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's freestyle 74 kg
Men's freestyle 74 kilograms competition at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, United Kingdom, took place on 10 August at ExCeL London.
This freestyle wrestling competition consisted of a single-elimination tournament, with a repechage used to determine the winners of two bronze medals. The two finalists faced off for gold and silver medals. Each wrestler who lost to one of the two finalists moved into the repechage, culminating in a pair of bronze medal matches featuring the semifinal losers each facing the remaining repechage opponent from their half of the bracket.

Each bout consisted of up to three rounds, lasting two minutes apiece. The wrestler who scored more points in each round was the winner of that round; the bout finished when one wrestler had won two rounds (and thus the match).
Hunter G. K. Thompson
Hunter Gabriel Kansas Thompson (born May 29, 1991) is an American Christian musician. His first release was with Bethel Music in 2013, Gabriel Kansas EP. The second EP, Swan Song, was released in 2014 by Bethel Music. This album was his breakthrough release upon the Billboard magazine Christian Albums and Heatseekers Albums charts. In 2019, he released three singles and a full-length record, "No Books About Me" with Watershed Music Group.

Christian music
Christian music is a genre of music that has been written to express either personal or a communal belief regarding Christian life and faith. Common themes of Christian music include praise, worship, penitence, and lament, and its forms vary widely around the world. Church music, hymnals, gospel, and worship music are a part of Christian media and also include contemporary Christian music which itself supports numerous Christian styles of music, including hip hop, rock, contemporary worship, and urban contemporary gospel.

Like other forms of music the creation, performance, significance, and even the definition of Christian music varies according to culture and social context. Christian music can serve various functions, such as ceremonial, educational, aesthetical, or for entertainment purposes.
Sky News Election Channel
Sky News Election Channel is an Australian 24-hour cable and satellite news channel available on the Foxtel platform, operated by Sky News Australia. It launched on 1 May 2016, temporarily replacing A-PAC as a linear channel, dedicated to coverage of political events relating to the 2016 Australian federal election and American presidential election. Although the channel was originally planned to close on 29 November 2016 (with A-PAC returning as a broadcast channel), this was later postponed, and ultimately the channel did not cease broadcasting until 23 January 2017.

The channel was relaunched on 28 June 2024, temporarily replacing Sky News Extra as a linear channel, dedicated to coverage of political events relating to the 2024 United Kingdom general election, the French legislative election and the 2025 Australian federal election.

Foxtel
NXE Australia Pty Ltd, trading as the Foxtel Group, is an Australian pay television company that operates direct broadcast satellite television, and IPTV streaming services. It was formed in April 2018, superseding an earlier company from 1995. The service was established as a 50/50 joint venture between News Corp Australia (which held a controlling 65% stake) and Telstra (which held the remaining 35%).

Since 2025, the company is owned by DAZN. It shares many features with the Sky service in the UK and Ireland – including the iQ box, the electronic programme guide, a similar remote control, and Red Button Active.
John Kemp (antiquary)
John Kemp or Kempe (1665–1717) was an English antiquarian, known as a collector.

Kemp had private wealth, and lived in the parish of St. Martin-in-the Fields, London. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society  on 20 March 1712, and died unmarried on 19 September 1717.

St Martin-in-the-Fields
St Martin-in-the-Fields is a Church of England parish church at the north-east corner of Trafalgar Square in the City of Westminster, London. Dedicated in honour of Saint Martin of Tours, there has been a church on the site since at least the medieval period. This location, at that time, was farmlands and fields beyond the London wall.

St Martin's became a principal parish church west of the old City in the early modern period as Westminster's population grew. When its medieval and Jacobean structure was found to be near failure, the present building was constructed in an influential neoclassical design by James Gibbs in 1722–1726. The church is one of the visual anchors adding to the open-urban space around Trafalgar Square.
Ravne v Bohinju
Ravne v Bohinju (pronounced [ˈɾáːwnɛ w bɔˈxíːnju]) is a settlement in the Municipality of Bohinj in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia. It includes the hamlets of Spodnji Konec, Zgornji Konec, and Dolino.

Upper Carniola
Littoral

Carniola: 2a Upper, 2b Inner, 2c Lower

Carinthia

Styria

Prekmurje

Upper Carniola (Slovene: Gorenjska pronounced [ɡɔˈɾèːnska]; Italian: Alta Carniola; German: Oberkrain) is a traditional region of Slovenia, the northern mountainous part of the larger Carniola region. The largest town in the region is Kranj, and other urban centers include Kamnik, Jesenice, Domžale and Škofja Loka. It has around 300,000 inhabitants or 14% of the population of Slovenia.
Gary Wilson (snooker player)
Gary Wilson (born 11 August 1985) is an English professional snooker player from Wallsend in North Tyneside, Tyne and Wear.

After showing promise from a young age, Wilson won the IBSF World U-21 Championship before turning professional in 2004. He dropped off the tour in 2006, however, and did not regain his professional status until 2013. During his second period as an amateur, Wilson won the English Amateur Championship in 2012 and reached the final of the World Amateur Championship the same year.

Noted for his cue ball control and break-building ability, Wilson has won three ranking titles, the Scottish Open in 2022 and 2023, and the 2024 Welsh Open. He was also runner-up at the 2015 China Open and the 2021 British Open, as well as reaching the semi-final of the 2019 World Championship as a qualifier.

North Tyneside
North Tyneside is a metropolitan borough in the metropolitan county of Tyne and Wear, England. It forms part of the greater Tyneside conurbation. North Tyneside Council is headquartered at Cobalt Park, Wallsend.

North Tyneside is bordered by Newcastle upon Tyne to the west, the North Sea to the east, the River Tyne to the south and Northumberland to the north. Within its bounds are the towns of Wallsend, North Shields, Killingworth, Tynemouth and Whitley Bay, which form a continuously built-up area contiguous with Newcastle upon Tyne.
Ashleigh Buch
Ashleigh Buch (born October 19, 1984) is a United States Air Force instructor, and ultimate player. She was the first out transgender service member to work at Offutt Air Force Base in Omaha, Nebraska, and transitioned under the Obama administration's policy that enabled transgender service members to serve openly. She taught linguistics at Offutt, and has mentored several other transgender service members at the Air Force base. Buch has also played ultimate for Kansas City Wicked, which competes in the USA Ultimate Club Women's division, and was on the first roster of Washington DC Shadow of the Premier Ultimate League before the 2020 season was canceled due to COVID-19.

Premier Ultimate League
The Premier Ultimate League (PUL) is a women's professional ultimate league in the United States. Formed in 2019, the mission of the PUL is "to achieve equity in the sport of ultimate by increasing accessibility to the sport for, and visibility of women, transgender, intersex, non-binary, genderqueer, and genderfluid people through high-quality competition, leadership experiences, and community partnerships". The league strives for gender, racial, and economic diversity in the sport of ultimate frisbee. PUL players are paid $40 per league game.

The PUL is organized as a 501c6 nonprofit entity. In its inaugural year it raised funds by holding a "Sponsor-A-Player" program, raising $120,000 in one week. This program was repeated for the 2020 and 2022 seasons with similar success.
George Porter (rugby union)
George Porter (born 15 May 1989) is an English rugby union player for Worcester Warriors in the Aviva Premiership. He has played for England U18.

He plays as a prop.

George joined Plymouth Albion in 2009 and left in 2011, when he joined the Worcester Warriors.

Plymouth Albion R.F.C.
Plymouth Albion Rugby Football Club is a rugby union club who play in Plymouth, England. The present club was founded in 1920 from a merger between Plymouth RFC (founded 1876) and Devonport Albion RFC (founded 1876). Since 2003 they have played their home games at The Brickfields stadium. Albion's traditional strip and club colours are white, cherry and green.

After thirteen seasons in the second tier of English rugby union, Plymouth Albion finished last in the 2014–15 RFU Championship, and currently play in National League 1.