hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Massively parallel signature sequencing
Massive parallel signature sequencing (MPSS) is a procedure that is used to identify and quantify mRNA transcripts, resulting in data similar to serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE), although it employs a series of biochemical and sequencing steps that are substantially different.

Illumina, Inc.
Illumina, Inc. is an American biotechnology company, headquartered in San Diego, California. Incorporated on April 1, 1998, Illumina develops, manufactures, and markets integrated systems for the analysis of genetic variation and biological function. The company provides a line of products and services that serves the sequencing, genotyping and gene expression, and proteomics markets, and serves more than 155 countries.

Illumina's customers include genomic research centers, pharmaceutical companies, academic institutions, clinical research organizations, and biotechnology companies.
1959 NCAA men's ice hockey tournament
The 1959 NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Tournament was the culmination of the 1958–59 NCAA men's ice hockey season, the 12th such tournament in NCAA history. It was held between March 12 and 14, 1959, and concluded with North Dakota defeating Michigan State 4-3 in overtime. All games were played at the RPI Field House in Troy, New York.

As of 2024, this was the last tournament to be won by an independent school.

NCAA Division I independent schools (ice hockey)
NCAA Division I independent schools are teams that compete in NCAA ice hockey but are not members of a conference. There are several current schools who, at one time or another, competed as Division I independents. Beginning in the 2025–26 season, the independent schools will compete for the United Collegiate Hockey Cup, an end-of-season tournament that will function as a de facto conference championship.
Arthur Dobrin
Arthur Dobrin (born 1943) is an American author, Professor Emeritus of Management, Entrepreneurship, and General Business at Hofstra University, and Leader Emeritus of the Ethical Humanist Society of Long Island.

Prior to his career, Arthur Dobrin served two years in the Peace Corps with his wife, Lyn, in Kenya.  There he was in charge of the educational component of the Kisii District office of the Department of Cooperative Development. He has maintained his interest in Kenya since, having returned with his family and having led educational safaris to Kenya for Adelphi University School of Social Work. He has published two novels, a collection of short stories and a book of poems all set in Kenya. He and Lyn directed the Kenya Project, a program that provided funds for an elementary school in Kisii, from 2000-2010.

Hofstra University
Hofstra University is a private research university in Hempstead, New York, United States. It originated in 1935 as an extension of New York University and became an independent college in 1939. Comprising ten schools, including the Zucker School of Medicine and the Maurice A. Deane School of Law, Hofstra has hosted a series of prominent presidential conferences and several United States presidential debates.
Michael Vyner
Michael Vyner (1943 - 20 October 1989) was an English arts administrator.

Formerly employed by the music publishers Schott Music, he was Musical Director of the London Sinfonietta from 1972 until his death in 1989. He was one of the victims of the AIDS epidemic.

Vyner's death occasioned a range of musical tributes from some of the major composers of the day, including Hans Werner Henze (Requiem), Luciano Berio (Leaf, for piano), Harrison Birtwistle (Ritual Fragment), Toru Takemitsu (Litany - In Memory of Michael Vyner and My Way of Life - In Memory of Michael Vyner), Peter Maxwell Davies (Threnody on a Plainsong for Michael Vyner), Henryk Górecki (Good Night, In Memoriam Michael Vyner), and Oliver Knussen (Secret Psalm).

From 1990 to 2004 there was a Michael Vyner Trust, established to assist young composers and commission new works. Michael Vyner's papers are held by the British Library.

Harrison Birtwistle
Sir Harrison Birtwistle (15 July 1934 – 18 April 2022) was an English composer of contemporary classical music best known for his operas, often based on mythological subjects. Among his many compositions, his better known works include The Triumph of Time (1972) and the operas The Mask of Orpheus (1986), Gawain (1991), and The Minotaur (2008). The last of these was ranked by music critics at The Guardian in 2019 as the third-best piece of the 21st century. Even his compositions that were not written for the stage often showed a theatrical approach. A performance of his saxophone concerto Panic during the BBC's Last Night of the Proms caused "national notoriety". He received many international awards and honorary degrees.
Erich Häßler
Erich Häßler (April 22, 1899 – December 2, 2005) was a German pediatrician and academic from Leipzig, Saxony. He was also one of the last surviving veterans of the First World War living in Germany.

In 2004, Häßler was one of 22 members of the medical profession to sign a declaration of solidarity for Dr Rosemarie Albrecht, a German doctor accused of having conducted medical experiments in the Nazi era. Häßler was a member of the "Sängerschaft zu St Pauli" in Jena, a student fraternity. He died at the age of 106.

Rosemarie Albrecht
Rosemarie Albrecht (March 19, 1915 - January 7, 2008) was a German-Japanese otorhinolaryngologist who worked for Nazi Germany's Aktion T4 programme during World War II. From 1964 to 1966, Albrecht was investigated for 160 murders conducted while she was a part of Aktion T4. However, Albrecht was unfit to stand trial and the case was dropped in 2005. Rosemarie lived in Jena until her death in 2008.
Great American Stakes
The Great American Stakes is a discontinued American Thoroughbred horse race last run annually at Belmont Park in Elmont, New York. Raced on dirt and open to two-year-old horses only, it was last run at a distance of five and a half furlongs.

Elmont, New York
Elmont is an unincorporated hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) located in northwestern Hempstead in Nassau County, New York, United States, along its border with the borough of Queens in the City of New York. The population was 35,265 at the time of the 2020 census.

The hamlet is famous for Belmont Park which hosts the Belmont Stakes, the third leg of the prestigious Triple Crown of thoroughbred racing. Elmont is also home to UBS Arena, home of the NHL's New York Islanders.

Elmont has tried incorporating itself as a village multiple times, but has been unable to successfully do so.
Volodymyr Romanenko
Volodymyr Romanenko (born 8 June 1985) is a professional Ukrainian football midfielder. He joined FC Banants in the summer transfer season of 2009 from FC Metalurh Donetsk.

In 2015–2016 Romanenko participated in the Crimean championship.

FC Metalurh Donetsk
Football Club Metalurh Donetsk (Ukrainian: Футбо́льний клуб «Металу́рг» Доне́цьк, pronounced [metɐˈlurɦ doˈnɛtsʲk]) was a Ukrainian professional football club based in Donetsk that went bankrupt in July 2015.
Okrąglica, Zgorzelec County
Okrąglica, [ɔkrɔŋˈɡlit͡sa] sometimes Rychlinek (German: Schnellförthel; Upper Sorbian: Roundhouse) is a village in the Lower Silesian Forest, located in the administrative district of Gmina Węgliniec, within Zgorzelec County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.

From 1975 to 1998, Okrąglica was in the Jelenia Góra Voivodeship.

Voivodeships of Poland (1975–1998)
The voivodeships of Poland from 1975 to 1998 were created as part of a two-tier method for administering the country and its regions. Between June 1, 1975, and December 31, 1998, pursuant to a law proclaimed on May 28, 1975, Poland was administratively divided into 49 voivodeships, consolidating and eliminating the intermediate administrative level of counties.

The scheme meant that most voivodeships had fewer than 1,000,000 inhabitants. Each voivodeship took its name from a small- or medium-sized town situated near its centre, which would become its capital.
Back lever
A back lever is a static hold performed on the rings or the pull-up bar. A back lever is rated as an 'A' value skill on the Code of Points, a scale from A to F, with F being the most difficult.

A back lever is performed by lowering from an inverted hang until the gymnast's body is parallel to the ground and facing towards the floor.

Performing a back lever requires a high degree of strength in the back and biceps; a lot of core tension must be generated to stay horizontal.

The world record is held by the Spanish Joan Romero with 73 seconds.

Vertical and horizontal
In astronomy, geography and related sciences and contexts, an orientation or plane passing by a given point is said to be vertical if it contains the local gravity direction at that point.

Conversely, a orientation, plane or surface is said to be horizontal (or leveled) if it is everywhere perpendicular to the vertical orientation.

More generally, something that is vertical can be drawn from "up" to "down" (or down to up), such as the y-axis in the Cartesian coordinate system.
Marianne Keith
Marianne Keith (born July 29, 1985) is an American singer-songwriter from Redlands, California, United States.  As a solo artist, she has recorded three full-length albums: Make No Mistake (self-released), Beautiful Distraction (2007, Unison Music) and Cathartic (2010, Unison Music Group).

Marianne Keith won “Best Folk Artist” in the 2008 Orange County Register Music Awards. She was previously nominated in the 2006 awards as Best Country Artist, as well as the Hollywood Music in Media Awards 2009 Best Adult Contemporary/AAA Artist 2009. She was featured as KGRL.fm's "Flower Power Artist" in November 2007.

She has performed with Better Than Ezra, Glenn Tilbrook and Joe Bonamassa.

Joe Bonamassa
Joseph Leonard Bonamassa (/ˌbɑːnəˈmɑːsə/ BAH-nə-MAH-sə; born May 8, 1977) is an American blues rock guitarist, singer and songwriter. He started his career at age twelve, when he opened for B.B. King. Since 2000, Bonamassa has released fifteen solo albums through his independent record label J&R Adventures, of which eleven have reached No. 1 on the Billboard Blues chart.

Bonamassa has played alongside many notable blues and rock artists, and has earned three Grammy Awards nominations. Among guitarists, he is known for his extensive collection of vintage guitars and amplifiers.

In 2020, Bonamassa created Keeping the Blues Alive Records, an independent record label that promotes and supports the talent of blues musicians.  Notable artists include Dion, Joanne Shaw Taylor, Joanna Connor, and Larry McCray. Bonamassa produces and collaborates on many of the projects.
Video Hustler
Video Hustler (ビデオ・ハスラ一 Bideo Hasurā) is a pool (pocket billiards) arcade video game released by Konami in 1981. Dynamo released the game under the name Lil' Hustler. The gameplay is basically billiards, but with numbered, color-coded pucks on top of a lacquered plywood-made, green board, similar to carrom. On September 11, 2025, the game got ported as part of the Arcade Archives series.

Pool (cue sports)
Pool is a group of cue sports played on a billiard table. The table has six pockets along the rails, into which balls are shot. Of the many different pool games, the most popular include: eight-ball, blackball, nine-ball, ten-ball, seven-ball, straight pool, one-pocket, and bank pool. Eight-ball is the most frequently played discipline of pool, and it is often thought of as synonymous with "pool".

The generic term pocket billiards is sometimes also used, and favored by some pool-industry bodies, but is technically a broader classification, including games such as snooker, Russian pyramid, and kaisa, which are not referred to as pool games. There are also hybrid games combining aspects of both pool and carom billiards, such as American four-ball billiards, bottle pool, cowboy pool, and English billiards.
USS George Eastman
USS George Eastman (YAG-39), a "Liberty-type" cargo ship, was laid down under Maritime Commission contract on 24 March 1943 by Permanente Metals Corp., Yard 2, Richmond, California; launched on 20 April 1943; sponsored by Mrs. Ann Troutman; and delivered under charter from War Shipping Administration to Pacific-Atlantic Steamship Co., Vancouver, Washington, on 5 May 1943.

Richmond, California
Richmond is a city in western Contra Costa County, California, United States. The city was incorporated on August 3, 1905, and has a city council. Located in the San Francisco Bay Area's East Bay region, Richmond borders San Pablo, Albany, El Cerrito and Pinole in addition to the unincorporated communities of North Richmond, Hasford Heights, Kensington, El Sobrante, Bayview-Montalvin Manor, Tara Hills, and East Richmond Heights, and for a short distance San Francisco on Red Rock Island in the San Francisco Bay.

Richmond is one of two cities, the other being San Rafael, that sits on the shores of both San Francisco Bay and San Pablo Bay. Its population was 116,448 as of the 2020 United States census making it the second largest city in the United States named Richmond after Richmond, Virginia.
Pyrmont Castle
Pyrmont Castle (German: Burg Pyrmont) stands west of Münstermaifeld near Roes and Pillig on a slate rock outcrop above a waterfall on the Elzbach in the southern Eifel mountains in Germany. It is in the municipality of Roes in the district of Cochem-Zell.

Fortified tower
A fortified tower (also defensive tower or castle tower or, in context, just tower) is one of the defensive structures used in fortifications, such as castles, along with defensive walls such as curtain walls. Castle towers can have a variety of different shapes and fulfil different functions.
Rohrgraben (Aisch)
Rohrgraben is a river of Bavaria, Germany.

The Rohrgraben springs south of Mailheim, a district of the municipality Ipsheim. It is a right tributary of the Aisch after Lenkersheim, a district of Bad Windsheim.

Ipsheim
Ipsheim is a municipality in the district of Neustadt (Aisch)-Bad Windsheim in Bavaria in Germany.

St. Michael is a chapel on a hill near Kaubenheim which is part of it.

Elia Levita, author of the Bovo-Bukh (written 1507–1508), the most popular chivalric romance written in Yiddish, was born here.
Ulrich Braukmann
Ulrich Braukmann (born 6 April 1959) is a German professor at the Schumpeter School of Business and Economics of the Bergische Universität Wuppertal. At the Schumpeter School, he is the head of the Institut für Gründungs- und Innovationsforschung and at the same time the chair holder of the Faculty of Educational Theory of Economics, Gründungspädagogik und Gründungsdidaktik.

University of Wuppertal
The University of Wuppertal (Universität Wuppertal) is a German scientific institution located in Wuppertal in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

The university's official name in German is Bergische Universität Wuppertal or BUW, founded in 1972. Around 2014 to 2015, approximately 20,000 students were enrolled in a wide range of subjects with many interdisciplinary linkages between a total of seven faculties.
PEPS effect
The PEPS Effect (Photoelectochemical Photocurrent Switching) is a phenomenon seen in semiconducting electrodes. It is defined as switching of photocurrent polarity on changes in photoelectrode potential and/or incident light wavelength.

Konrad Szaciłowski and Wojciech Macyk were the first to describe it in their publication in 2006. The discovered phenomenon opens a wide variety of applications in construction of switches, logic gates and sensors based on chemical systems.

Electrode
An electrode is an electrical conductor used to make contact with a nonmetallic part of a circuit (e.g. a semiconductor, an electrolyte, a vacuum or a gas). In electrochemical cells, electrodes are essential parts that can consist of a variety of materials (chemicals) depending on the type of cell.  An electrode may be called either a cathode or anode according to the direction of the electric current, unrelated to the potential difference between electrodes.

Michael Faraday coined the term "electrode" in 1833; the word recalls the Greek ἤλεκτρον (ḗlektron, "amber") and ὁδός (hodós, "path, way").

The electrophore, invented by Johan Wilcke in 1762, was an early version of an electrode used to study static electricity.
Chathurangi Jayasooriya
Chathurangi Jayasooriya also spelled as Chathurangi Jayasuriya (born 10 July 1990) is a Sri Lankan netball player and the current captain of the Sri Lanka national netball team who plays in the positions of goal defense or goal keeper. She has been a regular member of the Sri Lankan team since 2011 and took over the captaincy of the national side from fellow veteran Tharjini Sivalingam in 2017. She plays in the position of goal defense and also as the goal keeper. She also currently serves as the flight lieutenant at the Sri Lanka Air Force.

Chathurangi has represented Sri Lanka at three Netball World Cup tournaments in 2011, 2015 and captained the Sri Lankan team at the 2019 Netball World Cup where the team finished at 19th position.

She also led Sri Lanka which became victorious at the 2018 Asian Netball Championships beating Singapore 69-50 in the final, which also marks Sri Lanka's first Asian Netball Championships triumph since 2009.

2019 Netball World Cup
The 2019 Netball World Cup (also known as the 2019 Vitality Netball World Cup for sponsorship reasons) was the 15th edition of the INF Netball World Cup. It was held from 12–21 July 2019 at the Liverpool Arena in Liverpool, England with matches being held on two courts. Host nation England finished their campaign with a bronze medal. New Zealand became 5th time champions after beating Australia in the final and gold medal match.

Sixteen nations contested for the title, which included the top six of the previous tournament which was held in Sydney, Australia. After two group stage rounds, Australia, England, New Zealand and South Africa all made it to the semi-finals. In a rematch of the 2015 final, New Zealand would take home their fifth title after defeating Australia by one goal. England finished in third place, after defeating South Africa.

Trinidad and Tobago's Rhonda John-Davis appeared in her sixth World Cup, a World Cup record.
Cloppenburg
Cloppenburg (German: [ˈklɔpm̩ˌbʊʁk] ⓘ; Low German: Cloppenborg; Saterland Frisian: Kloppenbuurich [ˈklɔpənˌbuːrɪx]) is a town in Lower Saxony, in north-western Germany, capital of Cloppenburg District and part of Oldenburg Münsterland. It lies 38 km south-south-west of Oldenburg in the Weser-Ems region between Bremen and the Dutch border. Cloppenburg is not far from the A1, the major motorway connecting the Ruhr area to Bremen and Hamburg. Another major road is the federal highway B213 being the shortest link from the Netherlands to the A1 and thus to Bremen and Hamburg.

Oldenburg (city)
Oldenburg (German pronunciation: [ˈɔldn̩bʊʁk] ⓘ; Northern Low Saxon: Ollnborg) is an independent city in the state of Lower Saxony, Germany.  The city is officially named Oldenburg (Oldb) (Oldenburg in Oldenburg) to distinguish from Oldenburg in Holstein.

During the French annexation (1811–1813) in the wake of the Napoleonic war against Britain, it was also known as Le Vieux-Bourg in French. The city is at the rivers Hunte and Haaren, in the northwestern region between the cities of Bremen in the east and Groningen (Netherlands) in the west. According to Germany's 2022 census, the city's population is 176.068 in 2024. Oldenburg is part of the Northwest Metropolitan Region, which is home to approximately 2.8 million people.

The city is the place of origin of the House of Oldenburg. Before the end of the German Empire (1918), it was the administrative centre and residence of the monarchs of Oldenburg.
Dètohou
Dètohou is an arrondissement in the Zou department of Benin. It is an administrative division under the jurisdiction of the commune of Abomey. According to the population census conducted by the Institut National de la Statistique Benin on February 15, 2002, the arrondissement had a total population of 4,112.

Zou Department
Zou [zu] is one of the twelve departments of Benin, named for the Zou River which travels through the department before emptying into the Atlantic in the south of the country. The department of Zou was split in two in 1999, with the northern territory transferred to the newly created Collines Department. The capital of Zou is Abomey. Zou is subdivided into nine communes, each centred at one of the principal towns: Abomey, Agbangnizoun, Bohicon, Cové, Djidja, Ouinhi, Za-Kpota, Zangnanado and Zogbodomey.

As of 2013, the total population of the department was 851,580, with 407,030 males and 444,550 females. The proportion of women was 52.20%. The total rural population was 67.00%, while the urban population was 33.00%. The total labour force in the department was 275,249, of which 50.10% were women. The proportion of households with no level of education was 60.70% and the proportion of households with children attending school was 72.90%.
Nazi chic
Nazi chic is the use and appropriation of style, imagery, iconography, and paraphernalia associated with Nazi Germany in high fashion. Nazi chic originally emerged through Malcolm McLaren and Vivienne Westwood's designs, sold at their boutique Sex, which became influential in the development of punk fashion. However, the Hells Angels motorcycle club in the 1950s and rock musicians in the 1960s and 1970s had previously appropriated Nazi memorabilia.

The style was later adopted by the wider fashion industry and partially inspired the leather subculture. Although the trend originated in the West, it later became popular in Asia.

Sex (boutique)
Sex (stylised SEX) was a boutique run by Vivienne Westwood and her then-partner Malcolm McLaren at 430 King's Road, London, between 1974 and 1976. It specialised in clothing that defined the look of the punk movement.

Westwood and McLaren's boutique underwent several name and correlating interior decor changes through the 1970s to connect with design inspirations, the boutique finally being renamed World's End in 1979, a name which (following a short period of closure) the shop retains to this day.
Beach tag
A beach tag (also beach badge, beach pass, or beach token) is an admission pass that must be purchased to access a beach. It is commonly associated with the Jersey Shore in the U.S. state of New Jersey, where many communities restrict summer beach access to residents and visitors who pay a fee for a daily, weekly, or seasonal pass. Beaches with a beach-tag program use the proceeds to offset the maintenance and staffing costs associated with running a beach, such as funding lifeguards, restrooms, and trash removal.

Lifeguard
A lifeguard is a rescuer who supervises the safety and rescue of swimmers, surfers, and other water sports participants such as in a swimming pool, water park, beach, spa, river and lake. Lifeguards are trained in swimming and CPR/AED first aid, certified in water rescue using a variety of aids and equipment depending on requirements of their particular venue. In some areas, lifeguards are part of the emergency services system to incidents and in some communities, lifeguards may function as the primary EMS provider.
Daniel Fraser (actor)
Daniel Fraser is a British actor. He trained at the Central School of Speech and Drama. He is generally known for playing one of the lead characters in Frequencies (OXV: The Manual), Scar Tissue, The Patrol and Lab Rats. Although a greater part of his acting is done on stage. He also voiced the character of Magnai Oronir in the Stormblood expansion of Final Fantasy XIV.

Royal Central School of Speech and Drama
The Royal Central School of Speech and Drama, commonly shortened to Central, is a drama school founded by Elsie Fogerty in 1906, as the Central School of Speech Training and Dramatic Art, to offer a new form of training in speech and drama for young actors and other students. It became a constituent college of the University of London in 2005 and is a member of Conservatoires UK and the Federation of Drama Schools.