hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
252nd Tunnelling Company
The 252nd Tunnelling Company was one of the tunnelling companies of the Royal Engineers created by the British Army during World War I. The tunnelling units were occupied in offensive and defensive mining involving the placing and maintaining of mines under enemy lines, as well as other underground work such as the construction of deep dugouts for troop accommodation, the digging of subways, saps (a narrow trench dug to approach enemy trenches), cable trenches and underground chambers for signals and medical services. 252nd Tunnelling Company is particularly known for creating the Hawthorn Ridge mine during the Battle of the Somme 1916, which formed part of a series of mines that were placed beneath the German lines.

VIII Corps (United Kingdom)
VIII Corps was a British Army corps formation that existed during the First and Second World Wars. In the latter, it took part in the Normandy Campaign in 1944, where it was involved in Operation Epsom and Operation Goodwood. It would later play a supporting role in Operation Market Garden and finish the war by advancing from the Rhine to the Baltic Sea.
Inkerman Sugar Mill
The Inkerman Sugar Mill is located in Home Hill, Queensland on the banks of the Burdekin River. The mill was designed and built by the Scottish engineer J Pickering under the instruction of John Drysdale, using machinery manufactured by Geo Fletcher and Company of Derby, England. It was completed in 1914 and began crushing the following year.

From March 2010, it is operated by Wilmar Sugar Australia Pty Ltd. Before that it was operated by CSR Limited.

Burdekin River
The Burdekin River is a river in North and Far North Queensland, Australia. The river rises on the northern slopes of Boulder Mountain at Valley of Lagoons, part of the western slope of the Seaview Range, and flows into the Coral Sea at Upstart Bay over 200 kilometres (124 mi) to the southeast of the source, with a catchment area of approximately 130,000 square kilometres (50,000 sq mi). The Burdekin River is Australia's largest river by (peak) discharge volume.: 5

The river was first encountered by Europeans during the expedition led by Ludwig Leichhardt in 1845 and named in honour of Thomas Burdekin, one of the sponsors of the expedition.
Talis J. Colberg
Talis James Colberg (born August 25, 1958) is an American lawyer and politician who was appointed by Governor Sarah Palin as the seventeenth attorney general of Alaska on December 13, 2006. Colberg resigned in February 2009 over controversy over the Alaska Public Safety Commissioner dismissal.

State attorney general
The state attorney general in each of the 50 U.S. states, of the federal district, or of any of the territories is the chief legal advisor to the state government and the state's chief law enforcement officer. In some states, the attorney general serves as the head of a state department of justice, with responsibilities similar to those of the United States Department of Justice.
Gershon Kurizki
Gershon Kurizki  (Hebrew: גרשון קוריצקי; born October 29, 1952) is a theoretical quantum physicist, known for his contributions to the fields of quantum light-matter interaction, control of quantum system interactions with the environment, quantum thermodynamics and quantum measurement theory. Since 1997 he has been a professor at the Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, where he is still actively engaged in research as professor emeritus. He has so far coauthored about 300 research articles and two books.

Gershon Kurizki has published poetry and philosophical essays in literary and philosophical magazines and books. His book "The Quantum Matrix" (Oxford University Press, 2020) renders scientific, philosophical and poetic descriptions of the world.

Coherent control
Coherent control is a quantum mechanics-based method for controlling dynamic processes by light.  The basic principle is to control quantum interference phenomena, typically by shaping the phase of laser pulses. The basic ideas have proliferated, finding vast application in spectroscopy, mass spectra, quantum information processing, laser cooling, ultracold physics and more.
Ginger Cow
"Ginger Cow" is the sixth episode in the seventeenth season of the American animated television series South Park. The 243rd episode of the series overall, it first aired on Comedy Central in the United States on November 6, 2013. In the episode, Cartman modifies a cow to make it look like a ginger as a joke. However, various religious groups see this as a prophecy being fulfilled and peace is brought to the Middle East.

Abrahamic religions
The Abrahamic religions are a set of monotheistic religions that respect or admire the religious figure Abraham, namely Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, though the term also often encompasses several smaller faiths. The religions of this set share doctrinal, historical, and geographic overlap that contrasts them with Indian religions, Iranian religions, and East Asian religions. The term, introduced in the 20th century, replaced "Judeo-Christian" to include Islam as an Abrahamic religion and acknowledge differences between Judaism and Christianity. However, it has been criticized for oversimplifying cultural and doctrinal nuances.
Jill Balser
Jill Suzanne Balser (born March 3, 1986) is a Canadian politician who was elected to the Nova Scotia House of Assembly in the 2021 Nova Scotia general election. She represents the riding of Digby-Annapolis as a member of the Progressive Conservative Association of Nova Scotia.

She is the daughter of Gordon Balser, who represented the same district from 1998 to 2003.

On August 31, 2021, Balser was made Minister of Labor, Skills, and Immigration, as well as Minister responsible for Apprenticeship.

2021 Nova Scotia general election
The 2021 Nova Scotia general election was held on August 17, 2021, to elect members to the 64th General Assembly of Nova Scotia.

In a major upset, Tim Houston led the Progressive Conservatives to power for the first time since 2006, and with a majority government for the first time since 1999. With a popular vote share of 38.44%, the PCs won the smallest winning vote share of any majority government in Nova Scotian electoral history, and won nearly twice the number of seats as the Liberals, despite their overall vote share differing by less than 2%.

Elizabeth Smith-McCrossin’s victory in Cumberland North marked the first occasion since 1988 that an independent candidate won election to the House of Assembly. A record number of four Black Nova Scotians were elected MLAs; prior to this election, only five Black MLAs had ever been elected in Nova Scotia.
The Carnival Is Here Again
The Carnival Is Back or The Carnival Is Here Again (Italian: È tornato carnevale) is a 1937 Italian "white-telephones" comedy film directed by Raffaello Matarazzo and starring Armando Falconi, Clara Tabody and Franco Coop. The film was based on a popular stage play in which Falconi had previously starred. It is now considered a lost film.

It was shot at the Cines Studios in Rome and on location in the capital city and around the Gulf of Naples. The film's sets were designed by the art director Gastone Medin.

Cines Studios
The Cines Studios were film production studios located in  the Italian capital Rome. They were established on Via Veio in 1930 by Stefano Pittaluga, head of the Cines film company, at the beginning of the sound era. It produced Italy's first sound film The Song of Love the same year. For several years it was the leading studio complex in Italy, until September 1935 when it suffered a major fire and was largely destroyed. This became a spur for the Italian government of Benito Mussolini to invest in the construction of a new  development Cinecittà, the largest studio in Europe which opened in 1937.

The refurbished Cines studios continued to operate until 1956, but were often rented out for the use of other companies.
Harry S. Francis
Harry S. Francis (June 5, 1886 – June 3, 1948) was a carriage builder and political figure on Prince Edward Island. He represented 1st Kings in the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island from 1944 to 1947 as a Liberal.

He was born in Fortune Bridge, Prince Edward Island, the son of John S. Francis and Jane Elizabeth MacKie, and was educated there. In 1915, he married Ethel M. McEwen. Francis was defeated when he ran for reelection in 1947.

1st Kings
1st Kings was a provincial electoral district of Prince Edward Island, Canada, which elected two members to the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island from 1873 to 1993.

The district comprised the easternmost portion of Kings County. It was abolished in 1996.
Onyx Cave (Arizona)
Onyx Cave is a solutional cave system with about 0.5 miles (0.8 km) of passages formed in Permian limestone in the Santa Rita Mountains of Arizona.  It is part of the Coronado National Forest.  It was designated a National Natural Landmark in 1974.

Coronado National Forest
The Coronado National Forest is a United States National Forest that includes an area of about 1.78 million acres (7,200 km2) spread throughout mountain ranges in southeastern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico.

It is located in parts of Cochise, Graham, Santa Cruz, Pima, and Pinal Counties in Arizona, and Hidalgo County in New Mexico.
Troika (D'Virgilio, Morse & Jennings album)
Troika is a collaborative album by progressive rock/metal musicians Nick D'Virgilio (Big Big Train, ex-Spock's Beard), Neal Morse (The Neal Morse Band, Transatlantic, Flying Colors, ex-Spock's Beard) and Ross Jennings (Haken, Novena) under the moniker D'Virgilio, Morse & Jennings. It was released through InsideOut Music on February 25, 2022.

Inside Out Music
InsideOutMusic is a progressive rock record label originally based in Kleve, North Rhine-Westphalia, dedicated to releasing progressive rock, progressive metal and related styles. In 2009, it formed a partnership with Century Media Records and moved its base of operations to Dortmund, also in North Rhine-Westphalia. In August 2016, Century Media and InsideOutMusic were acquired by Sony Music Entertainment and moved their operations to Berlin.
Political Order and Political Decay
Political Order and Political Decay: From the Industrial Revolution to the Globalisation of Democracy is a 2014 book by American political scientist Francis Fukuyama. The book follows  Fukuyama's 2011 book, The Origins of Political Order, written to shed light on political institutions and their development in different regions.

Twenty years after his pivotal 1989 essay “The End of History?”, Fukuyama remains committed to the liberal democratic state as an ideal form of government, compared to alternatives such as the Chinese, Russian or Islamist governments. However, he warns against internal forces leading to stagnation and political decay within liberal democracies, which threatens the future of this form of government.

The End of History and the Last Man
The End of History and the Last Man is a 1992 book of political philosophy by American political scientist Francis Fukuyama which argues that with the ascendancy of Western liberal democracy—which occurred after the Cold War (1945–1991) and the dissolution of the Soviet Union (1991)—humanity has reached "not just ... the passing of a particular period of post-war history, but the end of history as such: That is, the end-point of mankind's ideological evolution and the universalization of Western liberal democracy as the final form of human government."

Fukuyama draws upon the philosophies and ideologies of G. W. F. Hegel and Karl Marx, who define human history as a linear progression, from one socioeconomic epoch to another.

The book expands on Fukuyama's essay "The End of History?", published in The National Interest journal, Summer 1989.
Withrow, Alberta
Withrow is a hamlet in central Alberta, Canada within Clearwater County. It is located on a Canadian National rail line and Withrow Road (Range Road 43), 8 km (5.0 mi) north of Highway 11 and 8 km (5.0 mi) south of Highway 12. It is approximately 15 km (9.3 mi) east of Rocky Mountain House.

Alberta Highway 12
Highway 12 is an east-west highway through central Alberta. It runs from Highway 22, through Lacombe and Stettler, to the Alberta-Saskatchewan border. It generally runs parallel to Highway 13 to the north. Highway 12 is about 364 kilometres (226 mi) long.
Peninsula High School
Peninsula High School may mean:

Peninsula High School (Washington), in Purdy, north of the city of Gig Harbor, Washington, USA

Peninsula High School (San Mateo County, California), in San Mateo County, formerly in San Bruno and now in Burlingame, California, USA

Palos Verdes Peninsula High School, in Rolling Hills Estates, California, USA

Palos Verdes Peninsula High School
Palos Verdes Peninsula High School is a public high school in Rolling Hills Estates, Los Angeles County, California, United States, in the Los Angeles metropolitan area.  The attendance area includes highly affluent cities of Rancho Palos Verdes, Rolling Hills Estates, Rolling Hills, as well as Palos Verdes Estates.

It is considered to be a top-ranked school in the Los Angeles, CA Metro Area (#11) and California (#34), according to US News & World Report.
Damon Smith
Damon Smith (born October 17, 1972) is an American free improvising bassist. He has worked with Cecil Taylor, Peter Brötzmann, Marshall Allen, John Tchicai, Elliott Sharp, Chris Cutler, Fred Frith, Jim O'Rourke etc.

Peter Brötzmann
Peter Brötzmann (6 March 1941 – 22 June 2023) was a German jazz saxophonist and clarinetist regarded as a central and pioneering figure in European free jazz. Throughout his career, he released over fifty albums as a bandleader. Amongst his many collaborators were key figures in free jazz, including Derek Bailey, Anthony Braxton and Cecil Taylor, as well as experimental musicians such as Keiji Haino and Charles Hayward. His 1968 Machine Gun became "one of the landmark albums of 20th-century free jazz".
United States Post Office (San Pedro, Los Angeles)
The U.S. Post Office in San Pedro, California, is a historic Streamline Moderne post office built in 1936. Designed by supervising architect Louis A. Simon with architects Gordon Kaufmann and W. Horace Austin, the San Pedro Post Office was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. The building also formerly served as a U.S. Customs Office. The building's use of marble, bronze and milk glass are typical of 1930s architecture for U.S. government buildings.  The floor tile is laid in a basketweave pattern surrounded by black marble, giving the effect of rugs on a marble floor.  Some of the original bronze lamps and ink wells are still intact at the public writing desks. The Section of Painting and Sculpture commissioned Fletcher Martin to create the post office mural, titled Mail Transportation (1938).

United States post office murals
United States post office murals are notable examples of New Deal art produced during the years 1934–1943.

They were commissioned through a competitive process by the United States Department of the Treasury. Some 1,400 murals were created for federal post office buildings in more than 1,300 U.S. cities. Murals still extant are the subject of efforts by the U.S. Postal Service to preserve and protect them.

In 2019, the USPS issued a sheet of 10 Forever stamps commemorating the murals; the murals were from the post offices of Piggott, AR; Anadarko, OK; Florence, CO; Deming, NM; and Rockville, MD.
Edina Mill
44°54′45″N 93°20′32″W﻿ / ﻿44.91250°N 93.34222°W﻿ / 44.91250; -93.34222

The Edina Mill was one of the first of six gristmills to be built on the Minnehaha Creek in Hennepin County, Minnesota between 1855 and 1876.  Located in present-day Edina, the mill site was discovered during an expedition from Fort Snelling to Lake Minnetonka in 1822.  Although the original mill structure was demolished in 1932, its former site is preserved with foundation markers and informational exhibits.

Hennepin County, Minnesota
Hennepin County (/ˈhɛnəpɪn/ HEN-ə-pin) is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,281,565, and was estimated to be 1,273,334 in 2024, making it the most populous county in Minnesota and the 34th-most populous county in the United States. Its county seat is Minneapolis, the most populous city in Minnesota and the 46th-most populous city in the United States. The county is named for the 17th-century explorer Louis Hennepin. It extends from Minneapolis to the suburbs and outlying cities in the western part of the county. Its natural areas are covered by extensive woods, hills, and lakes. It contains over 21.98% of the state's population. It is included in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul–Bloomington metropolitan statistical area.
Salt River (House of Assembly of South Africa constituency)
Salt River (Afrikaans: Soutrivier) was a constituency in the Cape Province of South Africa, which existed from 1920 to 1938 and again from 1943 to 1974. It covered parts of the inner suburbs of Cape Town, centred on its namesake suburb of Salt River. Throughout its existence it elected one member to the House of Assembly and one to the Cape Provincial Council.

Cape Provincial Council
The Cape Provincial Council was the provincial council of the Cape Province of South Africa. It was created by the South Africa Act 1909, with effect from the formation of the Union of South Africa on 31 May 1910. The first election to the provincial council took place on 15 September 1910 (also the day of the South African general election, 1910).

The provincial council continued to exist until 1986, when its functions were transferred to a strengthened executive authority appointed by the State President. The province itself was disbanded in 1994, when the provinces were reconstructed.
The Eye (Andor)
"The Eye" is the sixth episode of the first season of the American streaming television series Andor, based on Star Wars created by George Lucas. It was written by Dan Gilroy and directed by Susanna White.

The episode stars Diego Luna as Cassian Andor, who reprises his role from the Star Wars spinoff film, Rogue One (2016). Toby Haynes was hired in September 2020 after a production delay due the COVID-19 pandemic, and Tony Gilroy joined the series as showrunner in early 2019, replacing Stephen Schiff. Both executive produce alongside Luna and Kathleen Kennedy.

"The Eye" was released on Disney+ on October 12, 2022.

Susanna White
Susanna White (born 1960 or 1961) is a British television and film director.

She spent twelve years making documentaries for BBC2, but is best known for directing the BBC miniseries Jane Eyre, HBO miniseries Generation Kill, and Disney+ series Andor. She has won multiple awards, including one BAFTA Television Award, and received numerous nominations, including nominations for two Primetime Emmy Awards and two BAFTA Awards.
Synergistic gardening
Synergistic gardening is a system of organic gardening, developed by Emilia Hazelip. The system is strongly influenced by permaculture, as well as the work of Masanobu Fukuoka and Marc Bonfils.

After establishing the garden, there is no further digging, ploughing or tilling, and no use of external inputs such as manures and other fertilizers, or pesticides. Soil health is maintained by the selection of plants, mulching, and recycling of plant residues.

Manure
Manure is organic matter that is used as organic fertilizer in agriculture. Most manure consists of animal feces; other sources include compost and green manure. Manures contribute to the fertility of soil by adding organic matter and nutrients, such as nitrogen, that are utilised by bacteria, fungi, and other organisms in the soil. Higher organisms then feed on the fungi and bacteria in a chain of life that comprises the soil food web.
A Portrait of the Artist as Filipino
The A Portrait of the Artist as Filipino, known also as "A Portrait of the Artist as Filipino: An Elegy in Three Scenes" is a literary play written in English by Filipino National Artist for Literature Nick Joaquin in 1950. It was described as Joaquin's "most popular play," as the "most important Filipino play in English," and as "probably the best-known Filipino play." Apart from being regarded also as the “national play of the Philippines” because of its popularity, it also became one of the important reads in English classes in the Philippines. Joaquine's play was described by Anita Gates, a reviewer from The New York Times, as an "engaging, well plotted metaphor for the passing of Old Manila."

Philippine literature in English
Philippine literature in English has its roots in the efforts of the United States, then engaged in a war with Filipino nationalist forces at the end of the 19th century. By 1901, public education was institutionalized in the Philippines, with English serving as the medium of instruction. That year, around 600 educators in the S.S. Thomas (the "Thomasites") were tasked to replace the soldiers who had been serving as the first teachers. Outside the academe, the wide availability of reading materials, such as books and newspapers in English, helped Filipinos assimilate the language quickly. Today, 78.53% of the population can understand or speak English (see List of countries by English-speaking population).
Malpais-Sint Michiel
Malpais-Sint Michiel is a 1,100 ha tract of land, a former plantation just north of Sint Michiels Bay, on the southern coast of Curaçao, a constituent island nation of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in the Dutch Caribbean. It has been identified as an Important Bird Area by BirdLife International because it supports populations of bare-eyed pigeons, American coots, common terns and Caribbean elaenias, as well as a large brown-throated parakeet roost. It comprises two wetlands – a freshwater dam and a saline lagoon – with their surrounding thorn scrub vegetation. The waterbodies are used by a variety of waterbirds, including American flamingos, and the vegetation is used by resident and migratory passerines as well as by wintering raptors. The area has also been recognised as a Ramsar site as a wetland of international importance.

American flamingo
The American flamingo (Phoenicopterus ruber) is a large species of flamingo native to the West Indies, northern South America (including the Galápagos Islands) and the Yucatán Peninsula. It is closely related to the greater flamingo and Chilean flamingo, and was formerly considered conspecific with the greater flamingo, but that treatment is now widely viewed (e.g. by the American and British Ornithologists' Unions) as incorrect due to a lack of evidence. It is also known as the Caribbean flamingo, although it is also present in the Galápagos Islands. It is the only flamingo that naturally inhabits North America along with the Neotropical realm.

It is a cultural icon for the U.S. state of Florida, where it was formerly abundant in the southernmost regions, although it was largely extirpated by 1900 and is now only an uncommon visitor with a few small, potentially resident populations.
Steven M. Smith
Steven M. Smith is Emeritus Professor of Plant Genetics and Biochemistry at the University of Tasmania in Australia and Chief Investigator in the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture.

Centre for Plant Success
The Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture (Centre for Plant Success) is a research centre that combines plant science, mathematics, genetics, agriculture, and law to learn more about what makes plants successful in different environments. The Centre aims to develop new, more effective ways of solving persistent problems in plant science by predicting and improving plant performance in diverse environments. Using quantitative and computational methods the Centre for Plant Success will link gene networks with traits to help address the problems of food security and climate change.

Awarded $35 million in funding by the ARC in 2020, the Centre is planned to run for seven years with Professor Christine Beveridge from The University of Queensland as the Centre Director.