hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
François Ledrappier
François Ledrappier (born 17 January 1946) is a French mathematician.

Ledrappier graduated from the École Polytechnique in 1967 and received his doctorate from Pierre and Marie Curie University (Paris 6) in 1975 under the supervision of Jacques Neveu. Ledrappier taught at Paris 6 and then became a professor at South Bend's University of Notre Dame, where he is now professor emeritus.

His research deals with asymptotic properties of group actions and related problems. He has published articles on dynamical systems theory, compact negatively curved manifolds and their abelian covers, linear actions and random walks on linear groups, geometric measure theory, and zero entropy algebraic actions of free abelian groups.

In 1994 Ledrappier was an invited speaker at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Zurich. In 2016 he received the Sophie Germain Prize.

His doctoral students include Nalini Anantharaman.

Geometric measure theory
In mathematics, geometric measure theory (GMT) is the study of geometric properties of sets (typically in Euclidean space) through measure theory. It allows mathematicians to extend tools from differential geometry to a much larger class of surfaces that are not necessarily smooth.
Thundra
Thundra is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. She is often aligned with the Fantastic Four. She is a powerful, red haired, amazon-like warrior, or Femizon, from a matriarchal, technologically advanced future timeline where men have been subjugated by women.

Matriarchy
Matriarchy is a social system in which positions of power and privilege are held by women. In a broader sense it can also extend to moral authority, social privilege, and control of property. While those definitions apply in general English, definitions specific to anthropology and feminism differ in some respects.

Matriarchies may also be confused with matrilineal, matrilocal, and matrifocal societies. While some may consider any non-patriarchal system to be matriarchal, most academics exclude those systems from matriarchies as strictly defined. Many societies have had matriarchal elements.
Andative and venitive
In linguistics, andative and venitive (abbreviated AND and VEN) are a type of verbal deixis: verb forms which indicate 'going' or 'coming' motion, respectively, in reference to a particular location or person. Other terms sometimes seen are itive and ventive, or translocative and cislocative. They generally derive historically from the verbs go and come being reduced to auxiliary verbs or verbal affixes, and may in turn be grammaticalized to aspectual morphemes. Many languages of Siberia (such as Itelmen, Forest Nenets, Chukchi, Alyutor), California, West Africa (such as Akan), the Caucasus-Mideast-North Africa (Akkadian, Sumerian), and Oceania have such verb forms.

A language with andative and venitive forms may also use them with a verb to carry, for example, to create the meanings of "bring" (venitive) and "take (away)" (andative).

Affix
In linguistics, an affix is a morpheme that is attached to a word stem to form a new word or word form. The main two categories are derivational and inflectional affixes. Derivational affixes,  such as un-, -ation, anti-, pre- etc., introduce a semantic change to the word they are attached to. Inflectional affixes introduce a syntactic change, such as singular into plural (e.g. -(e)s), or present simple tense into present continuous or past tense by  adding -ing, -ed to an English word. All of them are bound morphemes by definition; prefixes and suffixes may be separable affixes.
Genetically modified food in Oceania
Since the 1980s New Zealand and Australia have used genetic engineering for different purposes, including the production of food.  Each country has faced controversy in this area and used a variety of legal measures to allay concerns and move toward the safe implementation of the technology. As of 2024 many issues requiring ongoing review remain in Oceania,  in line with European data that showed "questions of consumer confidence and trust" and negative perceptions of genetically modified food as unhealthy and the technology as a process likely to damage the environment. Australian and New Zealand both require labeling so consumers can exercise choice between foods that have genetically modified, conventional, or organic origins.

David Parker (New Zealand politician)
David William Parker (born 1960) is a New Zealand lawyer, businessman and politician who was a Labour Party Member of Parliament from 2002 to 2025.

After a career in law and business, Parker entered Parliament by winning the marginal Otago electorate. He was Attorney-General of New Zealand and a senior Cabinet minister in the Sixth Labour Government between 2017 and 2023, holding the posts of Minister for the Environment, Minister of Transport, Minister for Trade and Export Growth, Minister for Economic Development and Associate Minister of Finance. Parker was also a Cabinet minister in the Fifth Labour Government and a senior figure in the Labour Party opposition between 2008 and 2017, including as deputy leader and interim leader between 2013 and 2014.
Pulse and Cocktails
Pulse and Cocktails is a chain of sex shops in England, specialising in lingerie, bondage, sex toys and other items. They also have an eCommerce website offering Click + Collect in-store and Delivery. They claim to have the largest stores of any sex shop chain in Europe, with the main branch in Rotherham having a floor area of 7,000 square feet (650 m2).

Rotherham
Rotherham (/ˈrɒðərəm/ ⓘ RODH-ər-əm) is a market town in South Yorkshire, England. It lies at the confluence of the River Rother, from which the town gets its name,  and the River Don. It is the largest settlement of the Metropolitan Borough of Rotherham.

Before the Industrial Revolution, traditional industries included farming, glass making and flour milling. In the late 18th and 19th centuries, Rotherham became known for its coal mining and, later, steel industries. The town's historic county is Yorkshire, and Rotherham was once part of the West Riding of Yorkshire. In 1974, this administrative county was abolished during a reorganisation of local government. Subsequently, Rotherham became part of the county of South Yorkshire, where it makes up one of four metropolitan boroughs.

Rotherham had a population of 109,691 in the 2011 census. The borough had a 2024 population of 276,595, the 64th most populous district in England.
Ice hockey at the 2023 European Youth Olympic Winter Festival
Ice hockey at the 2023 European Youth Olympic Winter Festival comprised two ice hockey tournaments – a boys' under-17 tournament and a girls' under-16 tournament – during the Friuli-Venezia Giulia 2023 edition of the European Youth Olympic Festival (EYOF). Both tournaments were held during 22 to 27 January 2023. The boys' tournament was played in the Friuli-Venezia Giulia region of Italy at the Fiera di Udine in Udine and the girls' tournament was played at the Eissportarena in Spittal an der Drau, Austria, the only event of the festival to be held in Austria.

2023 European Youth Olympic Winter Festival
The 2023 European Youth Olympic Winter Festival was held in Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Italy, between 21 and 28 January 2023. This was Italy's second time as host of the winter festival after  Aosta 1993. As the 2003 Winter Universiade, in addition of Italy, several events were held in Austria and Slovenia.
KIO
KIO  (KDE Input/Output) is a system library incorporated into KDE Frameworks and KDE Software Compilation 4. It provides access to files, web sites and other resources through a single consistent API.  Applications, such as Konqueror and Dolphin, which are written using this framework, can operate on files stored on remote servers in exactly the same way as they operate on those stored locally, effectively making KDE network-transparent. This allows for an application like Konqueror to be both a file manager as well as a web browser.

KIO Workers (called KIO Slaves prior to KDE Frameworks 6) are libraries that provide support for individual protocols (e.g. WebDAV, FTP, SMB, SSH, FISH, SFTP, SVN, TAR).

The KDE manual app KHelpCenter has a  KIOWorkers section that lists the available protocols with a short description of each.

Samba (software)
Samba is a free software re-implementation of the SMB networking protocol, and was originally developed by Andrew Tridgell. Samba provides file and print services for various Microsoft Windows clients and can integrate with a Microsoft Windows Server domain, either as a Domain Controller (DC) or as a domain member. As of version 4, it supports Active Directory and Microsoft Windows NT domains.

Samba runs on most Unix-like systems, such as Linux, Solaris, AIX and the BSD variants, including Apple macOS (Mac OS X 10.2 and greater) and macOS Server. Samba also runs on a number of other operating systems such as OpenVMS and IBM i. Samba is standard on nearly all distributions of Linux and is commonly included as a basic system service on other Unix-based operating systems as well. Samba is released under the terms of the GNU General Public License. The name Samba comes from SMB (Server Message Block), the name of the proprietary protocol used by the Microsoft Windows network file system.
Graphis makhijae
Graphis makhijae is a species of lichen-forming fungus in the family Graphidaceae. It was first described from India in 2005 under the name Hemithecium fulvescens and later transferred to the genus Graphis; in 2025, the replacement name G. makhijae was proposed to resolve a later homonym.

Graphidaceae
The Graphidaceae are a family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Graphidales. The family contains nearly a hundred genera and more than 2000 species. Although the family has a cosmopolitan distribution, most Graphidaceae species occur in tropical regions, and typically grow on bark. These lichens are characterized by their crust-like growth form and typically partner with orange-pigmented Trentepohlia algae. Many species produce distinctive elongated, slit-like fruiting bodies, and some have unusually large ascospores that can begin germinating almost immediately upon release. The family originated approximately 176 million years ago and has diversified steadily since, with major bursts of new species arising alongside the spread of flowering plants and tropical rainforests.
China Airlines Flight 006
China Airlines Flight 006 was a daily non-stop international passenger flight from Taipei to Los Angeles International Airport. On February 19, 1985, the Boeing 747SP operating the flight was involved in an aircraft upset accident, following the failure of the No. 4 engine, while cruising at 41,000 ft (12,500 m). The plane rolled over and plunged 30,000 ft (9,100 m), experiencing high speeds and g-forces (as high as 5 g) before the captain was able to recover from the dive, and then to divert to San Francisco International Airport. Twenty-four occupants were injured, two of them seriously.

National Transportation Safety Board
The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) is an independent U.S. government investigative agency responsible for civil transportation accident investigation. In this role, the NTSB investigates and reports on aviation accidents and incidents, certain types of highway crashes, ship and marine accidents, pipeline incidents, bridge failures, and railroad accidents. The NTSB is also in charge of investigating cases of hazardous materials releases that occur during transportation. The agency is based in Washington, D.C. It has three regional offices, located in Anchorage, Alaska; Aurora, Colorado; and Federal Way, Washington. The agency also operated a national training center at its Ashburn facility.
6/45 (film)
6/45 (Korean: 육사오; RR: Yuksao) is a 2022 South Korean comedy film directed by Park Gyu-tae, starring Go Kyung-pyo, Lee Yi-kyung, Eum Moon-suk, Park Se-wan and Kwak Dong-yeon. The film depicts a comical encounter between South and North Korean soldiers over the 5.7 billion won lottery that crossed the Military Demarcation Line on the wind. It was released on August 24, 2022.

South Korean won
The South Korean won, sometimes known as the Republic of Korea won (symbol: ₩; code: KRW; Korean: 대한민국 원), is the official currency of South Korea. The won is technically equal to 100 jeon, but the jeon is no longer used for everyday transactions and appears only in foreign exchange rates. The currency is issued by the Bank of Korea, based in the capital city of Seoul. The South Korean won was first issued in 1949, then was replaced by the South Korean hwan between 1953 and 1962, before the adoption of the current South Korean won in 1962.
Köseler, Kahta
Köseler (Kurdish: Kosler) is a village in the Kâhta District, Adıyaman Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Bêzikan tribe and had a population of 736 in 2021.

The hamlets of Sultanmağara and Yeşiltepe are attached to the village.

Kâhta District
Kâhta District is a district of Adıyaman Province of Turkey. Its seat is the town Kâhta. Its area is 1,274 km2, and its population is 127,534 (2021). On 12 October 2018, cave drawings which date back to the Paleolithic era, were discovered in the Kâhta district, due to the decline of Atatürk Reservoir waters by 10–15 meters.
Cristian Raiciu
Cristian Ștefan Raiciu (born 3 July 1996) is a Romanian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder. Raiciu started his career at Concordia Chiajna, team for which he also made the Liga I debut and played subsequently for Rapid București and Steaua II București.

FCSB II
Fotbal Club FCSB II (Romanian pronunciation: [fet͡ʃeseˌbe]), commonly known as FCSB II was a Romanian football club from Bucharest. The team was founded in 1982 as Steaua Mizil when Colonel Victor Stănculescu received an order from the Minister of Defense to establish a satellite team for Steaua Bucharest, dissolved in 1997 and refounded in 2004 and in 2016. It was the reserve team of FCSB.
Cumberland River (Georgia)
The Cumberland River is a 15-mile-long (24 km) tidal channel in the U.S. state of Georgia. It forms the northern half of the waterway that separates Cumberland Island from the Georgia mainland, connecting with Cumberland Sound to the south and St. Andrew Sound and the Satilla River to the north.  It forms part of the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway.

Cumberland Island
Cumberland Island, in the southeastern United States, is the largest of the Sea Islands of Georgia. The long-staple Sea Island cotton was first grown here by a local family, the Millers, who helped Eli Whitney develop the cotton gin. With its unusual range of wildlife, the island has been declared a National Seashore. Little Cumberland Island is connected to the main island by a marsh.
Lovestone
Lovestone can refer to:

Sir Simon Lovestone (born 1961), British neurologist

Jay Lovestone (1897–1990), active in socialist and communist organizations in the United States

Lovestoneites, a group led by the above

A regional English name for Ivy

Simon Lovestone
Sir Simon Lovestone (born February 1961) is professor of translational neuroscience at the University of Oxford. He is a specialist in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. He was made a knight bachelor in the 2017 Queen's Birthday Honours for services to neuroscience research.
Leetza
Leetza is a village and a former municipality in Wittenberg district in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 January 2011, it is part of the town Zahna-Elster. The municipality belonged to the administrative municipality (Verwaltungsgemeinschaft) of Elbaue-Fläming.

The village has a historic church (kirche) that was restored in 2014.

Amt
Amt is a type of administrative division governing a group of municipalities, today only in Germany, but formerly also common in other countries of Northern Europe. Its size and functions differ by country and the term is roughly equivalent to a British or U.S. county.
Döttesfeld
Döttesfeld (German pronunciation: [ˈdœtəsfɛlt]) is a municipality located in the Neuwied district of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. The Community belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde Puderbach, which has its seat in the municipality of Puderbach. Döttesfeld has a state-recognized health resort.

Puderbach (Verbandsgemeinde)
Puderbach is a Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") in the district of Neuwied, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. The seat of the Verbandsgemeinde is in Puderbach.

The Verbandsgemeinde Puderbach consists of the following Ortsgemeinden ("local municipalities"):

50°36′00″N 7°37′01″E﻿ / ﻿50.600°N 7.617°E﻿ / 50.600; 7.617
Margraviate of Moravia
The Margraviate of Moravia (Czech: Markrabství moravské; German: Markgrafschaft Mähren) was one of the Lands of the Bohemian Crown within the Holy Roman Empire, the Austrian Empire and Austria-Hungary, existing from 1182 to 1918. It was officially administered by a margrave in cooperation with a provincial diet. It was variously a de facto independent state, and also subject to the Duchy, later the Kingdom of Bohemia. It comprised the historical region called Moravia, which lies within the present-day Czech Republic.

Margrave
In the German nobility, margrave was a rank equivalent to marquess. It originated as the medieval title for the military commander assigned to maintain the defence of one of the border provinces of the Holy Roman Empire or a kingdom. That position became hereditary in certain feudal families in the Empire and the title came to be borne by rulers of some Imperial principalities until the abolition of the Empire in 1806 (e.g., Margrave of Brandenburg, Margrave of Baden). Thereafter, those domains (originally known as marks or marches, later as margraviates or margravates) were absorbed into larger realms or the titleholders adopted titles indicative of full sovereignty.
Mike Monroney
Almer Stillwell "Mike" Monroney (March 2, 1902 – February 13, 1980) was an American politician who served as a United States senator from Oklahoma from 1951 to 1969, and previously as the United States representative for Oklahoma's 5th congressional district from 1939 until 1951. A member of the Democratic Party, Monroney was the last Democrat to hold Oklahoma's Class 3 Senate seat.

Herter Committee
The House Select Committee on Foreign Aid, or Herter Committee, was established to study the proposal that had been launched by General George Marshall in his speech at Harvard on June 5, 1947, for a Marshall Plan, in part as Cold War anticommunism, which led future US President Richard Nixon to focus on foreign policy throughout his public career. In 1947, it identified a "prevailing theme throughout–that democratic leadership was close to non-existent and Communist leadership at the forefront of political shaping."
BTV Chittagong
Bangladesh Television Chattogram or Bangladesh Television Chittagong, branded on-air as BTV Chittagong or BTV Chattogram, sometimes known as CTV, is a BTV-affiliated television station broadcast from Chittagong, serving southeastern Bangladesh. It is the network's first and currently the only regional television station. It was launched in 1996 and initially broadcast for one and a half hours, but the broadcast schedule significantly increased over time. It broadcasts on a full-day basis daily on both terrestrial and satellite television.

BTV Chittagong started broadcasting on satellite television in 2016. It is also a nationwide terrestrial television station along with BTV Dhaka and Sangsad Television, as it reaches 75% of the area of Bangladesh terrestrially. It is one of the five BTV-affiliated television stations serving the Chittagong Division, with the others being broadcast from Comilla, Noakhali, Rangamati, and Ukhia, all of which are relay television stations.

Comilla
Comilla (Bengali: কুমিল্লা), officially spelled Cumilla, is a metropolis on the banks of the Gumti River in eastern Bangladesh. Comilla was one of the cities of ancient Bengal. It was once the capital of Tripura kingdom. Comilla Airport is located in the Dulipara area of Comilla city Although it is currently replaced with Comilla Export Processing Zone (EPZ). Comilla City is a division centered city district with surrounding districts coming to Comilla in more diverse areas of work. Bibir Bazar land port is located 5 km away from Comilla city. The area of Comilla City Corporation is 53.04 square kilometers, so the surrounding areas of the main city fall under the jurisdiction of the City Corporation. The urban areas falling outside the Comilla City Corporation are considered suburbs, forming part of the metro area, which was estimated at 691,000 in 2025- a 2.98% increase from 2024.
Building at 1209–1217 Maple Avenue
The Building at 1209–1217 Maple Avenue is a historic rowhouse building in Evanston, Illinois. Built in 1892, the three-story building consists of five rowhouses. The building was one of several rowhouses built in Evanston in the late nineteenth century; the rowhouses were a precursor to the city's wave of suburban apartments, which also offered house-like living in a multi-unit building. Prominent Chicago architects Holabird & Roche designed the building in the Queen Anne style. The building features porches at each unit's entrance, projecting bays, and a gambrel gable and two triangular gables separated by dormers.

The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 15, 1984.

Holabird & Root
The architectural firm now known as Holabird & Root was founded in Chicago in 1880. Over the years, the firm has changed its name several times and adapted to the architectural style then current — from Chicago School to Art Deco to Modern Architecture to Sustainable Architecture.

Holabird & Root provides architectural, engineering, interior design, and planning services.  It is Chicago's oldest architecture firm. The firm remains a privately held partnership currently operating with five principals and four associate principals.
Ashley Grimes (footballer, born 1957)
Augustine Ashley Grimes (born 2 August 1957) is an Irish former footballer. He played for Manchester United, Coventry City, Luton Town, Stoke City and Osasuna  (Spain). He won 18 caps for the Republic of Ireland and scored one goal, a long-range strike against Spain in a Euro 84 qualifier at Lansdowne Road in November 1982.

UEFA Euro 1984
The 1984 UEFA European Football Championship final tournament was held in France from 12 to 27 June 1984. It was the seventh UEFA European Championship, a competition held every four years and endorsed by UEFA.

At the time, only eight countries took part in the final stage of the tournament, seven of which had to come through the qualifying stage. France qualified automatically as hosts of the event; in the tournament led by Michel Platini, who scored nine goals in France's all five matches, which is still the record for goals scored in a single tournament and until UEFA Euro 2020 was also the record for goals scored by a single player at all tournaments. Les Bleus won the championship – their first major international title.