hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Spreader (railroad)
A spreader is a type of maintenance equipment designed to spread or shape ballast profiles.  The spreader spreads gravel along the railroad ties. The various ploughs, wings and blades of specific spreaders allow them to remove snow, build banks, clean and dig ditches, evenly distribute gravel, as well as trim embankments of brush along the side of the track.  Spreaders quickly proved themselves as an extremely economical tool for maintaining trackside drainage ditches and spreading fill dumped beside the track.

The operation of the wings was once performed by compressed air and later hydraulics.   Besides the MoW-operation, spreaders are also used in open cast mines to clean the tracks from overburden tipped from dump cars.

Snowplow
A snowplow (also snow plow, snowplough or snow plough) is a device intended for mounting on a vehicle, used for removing snow and ice from outdoor surfaces, typically those serving transportation purposes. Although this term is often used to refer to vehicles mounting such devices, more accurately they are known as winter service vehicles, especially in areas that regularly receive large amounts of snow every year, or in specific environments such as airfields. In other cases, pickup trucks and front end loaders are outfitted with attachments to fulfill this purpose. Some regions that do not frequently see snow may use graders to remove compacted snow and ice off the streets. Snowplows can also be mounted on rail cars or locomotives to clear railway tracks.
Baksan Hydroelectric Power Station
The Baksan Hydroelectric Power Station is a small hydroelectric power station on the Baksan River in Atazhukino, Baksansky District, Kabardino-Balkaria, Russia.  It is one of the oldest hydroelectric plants in Russia.  It is owned by RusHydro.

Kabardino-Balkaria
Kabardino-Balkaria (Russian: Кабарди́но-Балка́рия), officially the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, is a republic of Russia located in the North Caucasus. As of the 2021 Census, its population was 904,200. Its capital is Nalchik. The area contains the highest mountain in Europe,  Mount Elbrus, at 5,642 m (18,510 ft). Mount Elbrus has 22 glaciers that feed three rivers — Baksan, Malka and Kuban. The mountain is covered with snow year-round.
Blessings of the Land
Blessings of the Land (Filipino: Biyaya ng Lupa) is a 1959 Filipino drama film directed by Manuel Silos. It was entered into the 10th Berlin International Film Festival.  The film won Best Picture and Best Story from the Filipino Academy of Movie Arts and Sciences.  In 1960, it was shown at the Asian Film Festival held in Tokyo.  The story was written by Celso Al. Carunungan, while the screenplay was written by Carunungan together with Pablo Naval.  The movie was produced by LVN Pictures.

The film is a melodrama about the life of a Filipino couple residing in a village.  The couple's deaf-mute son, Miguel, is tested and "must rise above his handicap" after the tragedies experienced by the family.

Asia-Pacific Film Festival
The Asia-Pacific Film Festival (abbreviated APFF) is an annual film festival hosted by the Federation of Motion Picture Producers in Asia-Pacific (FPA). The festival was first held in Tokyo, Japan, in 1954.
SS Donau (1929)
SS Donau was a Norddeutscher Lloyd (NDL) refrigerated cargo steamship that was built in Germany in 1929 and sunk in occupied Norway in 1945. In the 1930s she sailed mostly between Bremen and the West Coast of the United States via the Panama Canal.

In the Second World War the Kriegsmarine used Donau for transport. Mostly she took troops, horses, and supplies from Germany and occupied Denmark to occupied Norway. She also made at least two trips to Finland. In 1942 the SS and Gestapo used Donau to deport 529Jews from Norway to Stettin, whence they were taken by train to Auschwitz. Only nine of her deportees survived.

Donau survived an accidental collision in 1940 and grounding in 1942. Two Norwegian resistance divers sank her on the 16th of January 1945. Her wreck was raised and scrapped in 1952.

Ports of Bremen
The Ports of Bremen, Bremen Ports or Bremish Ports, in German "Bremische Häfen" consist of the commercial ports in Bremen and Bremerhaven. They are managed by bremenports GmbH & Co. KG, a company of private status in public property.

In 2011, in the Ports of Bremen more than 60 million tons of goods were transported, including 6 million containers and 2.1 million cars. Bremerhaven Harbour is the world's busiest port transporting cars.
Clark Peak (Medicine Bow Mountains)
Clark Peak is the highest summit of the Medicine Bow Mountains range of the Rocky Mountains of North America.  The prominent 12,960-foot (3,950 m) peak is located in the Rawah Wilderness of Routt National Forest, 6.3 miles (10.1 km) north-northwest (bearing 342°) of Cameron Pass, Colorado, United States, on the drainage divide between Jackson and Larimer counties.  Clark Peak is the highest point of Jackson County and the entire drainage basin of the North Platte River.

Topographic prominence
In topography, prominence (also referred to as autonomous height, and shoulder drop in US English, and drop in British English) is the relative height of a mountain or hill's summit relative to the lowest contour line encircling it but containing no higher summit within it. It is a measure of the independence of a summit. The key col ("saddle") around the peak is a unique point on this contour line and the parent peak (if any) is some higher mountain, selected according to various criteria.
Two Rivers Way
The Two Rivers Way is a 20-mile (32km) long-distance footpath through Somerset, England from Congresbury to Keynsham that follows the River Yeo and River Chew to the River Avon.

The footpath passes through the villages of Chew Stoke, Chew Magna and Compton Dando.

Compton Dando
Compton Dando is a small village and civil parish on the River Chew in the affluent Chew Valley in England. It is in the Bath and North East Somerset council area and ceremonial county of Somerset, and lies 7 miles (11.3 km) from Bristol, 8 miles (12.9 km) from Bath, and 3 miles (4.8 km) from Keynsham.

The parish includes the villages of Burnett, Chewton Keynsham, Queen Charlton and Woollard, and has a population of 589.
The Bee Gees Special
The Bee Gees Special is a 90-minute television special featuring The Bee Gees and broadcast by NBC on November 15, 1979. The program featured footage from the Bee Gees' July 10, 1979 concert at Oakland Coliseum Arena in Oakland, California captured by a film crew that accompanied them during their Spirits Having Flown Tour. It also included footage from an appearance with Willie Nelson and Glen Campbell, interviews by David Frost with the Bee Gees and their parents, and a behind-the-scenes look at recording and tour planning with Robert Stigwood and the band's crew.

Television special
A television special (often TV special, or rarely television spectacular) is a standalone television show that may also temporarily interrupt episodic programming normally scheduled for a given time slot. Some specials provide a full range of entertainment and informational value available via the television medium (news, drama, comedy, variety, cultural), in various formats (live television, documentary, studio production, animation, film), and in any viewing lengths (short films, feature films, miniseries, telethons).
Guild of Railway Artists
The Guild of Railway Artists (GRA) is a British-based art guild whose members are painters of railway subjects.

Membership can be applied for by submitting examples of one's work.  "Friends" of the Guild are supporters of the guild who are not necessarily accomplished railway artists themselves.  The Patrons of the Guild are Sir William McAlpine, 6th Baronet and Pete Waterman.

The Guild has approximately 150 members and exhibitions are held annually.

Pete Waterman
Peter Alan Waterman OBE DL (born 15 January 1947) is an English record producer, songwriter, and television personality. As a member of the Stock Aitken Waterman production and songwriting team, he co-wrote and co-produced many UK hit singles. An avid railway enthusiast, Waterman is the owner of significant collections of both historic and commercial railway locomotives and rolling stock.
Miriam Kastlunger
Miriam-Stefanie Kastlunger (born 2 March 1994, Innsbruck) is an Austrian luger. She represented Austria at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi in women's and team relay competitions. In the women's singles, she finished 17th. In the team relay, together with Wolfgang Kindl (men's single) and Andreas Linger / Wolfgang Linger (double), she became 7th.

Kastlunger was both women's and team relay champion in luge at the 2012 Winter Youth Olympics which took place in Innsbruck.

2012 Winter Youth Olympics
The 2012 Winter Youth Olympic Games (German: Olympische Jugend-Winterspiele 2012), officially known as the I Winter Youth Olympic Games (YOG), were an international multi-sport event for youths that took place in Innsbruck, Austria, on 13–22 January 2012. They were the inaugural Winter Youth Olympics, a major sports and cultural festival celebrated in the tradition of the Olympic Games. Approximately 1100 athletes from 70 countries competed. The decision for Innsbruck to host the Games was announced on 12 December 2008 after mail voting by 105 International Olympic Committee (IOC) members. Innsbruck is the first city to host three winter Olympic events, having previously hosted the 1964 Winter Olympics and the 1976 Winter Olympics.
Ultraviolet (Fred V & Grafix song)
"Ultraviolet" is a single by English drum and bass record production duo Fred V & Grafix. It was released on 18 March 2016 as the lead single from their second studio album, Oxygen (2016). "Ultraviolet" features vocals from Bristol-based singer-songwriter Chelsea Watts. The B-side track "Comb Funk" features vocal samples from singer Shannon Kitchen. Both tracks have been played on BBC Radio 1 and 1Xtra by British DJs MistaJam and Friction.

BBC Radio 1Xtra
BBC Radio 1Xtra is a British digital radio station owned and operated by the BBC. It broadcasts Black music and urban genres, and is a sister station to Radio 1. Launching at 18:00 on 16 August 2002, it had been code named "Network X" during the consultation period. At the time, the station was listed as "1 Xtra BBC" on many electronic programming guides.  The station broadcasts mostly from the 8th floor of Broadcasting House, shared with Radio 1, Radio 2 and 6 Music.

According to RAJAR, the station broadcasts to a weekly audience of 786,000 with a listening share of 0.3% as of March 2024.
Polar Vortex
Polar Vortex is a 2020 novel by Canadian author Shani Mootoo.

This domestic drama deals with the complexities of modern love. A love triangle develops between Priya, Alexandra and Prakash.

The novel was shortlisted for the Giller Prize in 2020.

Giller Prize
The Giller Prize (formerly known as the Scotiabank Giller Prize from 2005 to 2025) is a literary award given to a Canadian author of a novel or short story collection published in English (including translation) the previous year, after an annual juried competition between publishers who submit entries. The prize was established in 1994 by Toronto businessman Jack Rabinovitch in honour of his late wife Doris Giller, a former literary editor at the Toronto Star, and is awarded in November of each year along with a cash reward (then CAN$25,000) with the winner being presented by the previous year's winning author.

Since its inception, the Giller Prize has been awarded to emerging and established authors from both small independent and large publishing houses in Canada.

In February of 2025, the Giller Prize severed its relationship with Scotiabank, its main sponsor, after more than a year of protests.
Ray Flacke
Raymond James Flacke (born 11 February 1948) is a country guitar session player from Milford on Sea, England. He has graced countless recordings with his trademark ‘‘Tele-wielding Chicken pickin’’’ style for such artists as Emmylou Harris, Janie Frickie, Kathy Mattea, Lacy J. Dalton, Marty Stuart, Patty Loveless, Ricky Skaggs and Travis Tritt.

Lacy J. Dalton
Lacy J. Dalton (born Jill Lynne Byrem; October 13, 1946) is an American country music singer and songwriter. She is known for her gritty, powerful vocals, which People Magazine likened to a country equivalent of Bonnie Raitt.

Dalton had a number of hits in the 1980s, including "Takin' It Easy", "Crazy Blue Eyes", and "16th Avenue".  Though absent from the U.S. country charts since 1990, she still continues to record and perform, having most recently released three independently recorded albums: Wild Horse Crossing on Shop Records in 1999; The Last Wild Place on Song Dog Records in 2004; and her 2010 self-released Here's To Hank.

When asked about her musical influences, she replied: "Bob Dylan, Joan Baez, Kris Kristofferson, Guy Clark, Waylon Jennings, Willie Nelson, Dolly Parton, Janis Joplin, Robert Johnson, Karen Dalton, Fred Koller, Big Mama Thornton, Billie Holiday, Hank Williams, Tammy Wynette and J. J. Cale."
Omaida C. Velazquez
Omaida Caridad Velazquez is a Cuban-American surgeon and researcher. In 2015, she became the first Latina woman to lead a major academic surgery department in the United States, at University of Miami (UM) Health System-Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, a position she held until 2023. She holds the David Kimmelman Endowed Chair in Vascular and Endovascular Surgery at the University of Miami and was  inducted into the National Academy of Medicine in 2022.

Society for Vascular Surgery
The  Society for Vascular Surgery (SVS) an American academic society for vascular surgery. Its mission includes education, research, career development and advocacy. The SVS is the national organization for more than 6,000 vascular surgeons and other medical professionals involved in the prevention and cure of vascular disease. The association was founded in 1947. The SVS is the sponsor organization for the Journal of Vascular Surgery (JVS) and for the national Vascular Annual Meeting (VAM).
1928 Pittsburgh Panthers football team
The 1928 Pittsburgh Panthers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Pittsburgh as an independent during the 1928 college football season. In its fifth season under head coach Jock Sutherland, the team compiled a 6–2–1 record, shut out seven of its nine opponents, and outscored all opponents by a total of 177 to 15. The team played its eight home games at Pitt Stadium in Pittsburgh.

1928 college football season
The 1928 football season had both the USC Trojans and the Georgia Tech Golden Tornado claim national championships. USC was recognized as champions under the Dickinson System, but the Rose Bowl was contested between the No. 2 and No. 3 Dickinson-rated teams, California and Georgia Tech. The game was decided by a safety scored after Roy "Wrong Way" Riegels ran 65 yards in the wrong direction. Vance Maree blocked the ensuing punt which gave Georgia Tech a safety deciding the 8–7 win.

The Florida Gators led the nation in scoring as a team, led by its "Phantom Four" backfield, with 336 points. They were remembered by many sports commentators as the best Florida football team until at least the 1960s.  NYU halfback Ken Strong led the nation in scoring  as an individual, with 162 points, and tallied some 3,000 total yards from scrimmage.
Feminism in China
Feminism in China refers to the collection of historical movements and ideologies in time aimed at redefining the role and status of women in China. Feminism in China began in the 20th century in tandem with the 1911 Revolution. Feminism in the People's Republic of China (PRC) is closely linked with socialism and class issues. Some commentators believe that this close association is damaging to Chinese feminism and argue that the interests of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) are placed before those of women. Under Xi Jinping's general secretaryship, feminists have been subject to increased scrutiny by the country's system of mass surveillance and censorship, and detained in some instances.

Zheng Churan
Zheng Churan (Chinese: 鄭楚然; pinyin: Zhèng Chǔrán) is a Chinese women's rights activist and feminist. Together with four other activists, she was detained, in March 2015, shortly before events planned for International Women's Day. They are collectively known as the Feminist Five. In November 2016, she became one of the BBC's 100 Women 2016.
Chippenham Fen and Snailwell Poor's Fen
Chippenham Fen and Snailwell Poor's Fen is a 155.9-hectare (385-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest south-east of Fordham in Cambridgeshire, England. It is a Nature Conservation Review site, Grade I, a Ramsar wetland site and a Special Area of Conservation (part of the multi-site Fenland SAC). It is managed by Natural England.

The site is described by Natural England as "of national importance for its wide range of wetland habitats and associated birds and insects". It has diverse habitats and flora, with several uncommon species in damp meadows. It also has many species of breeding birds, and rare spiders and moths.

Access is by permit, which is only available for people conducting research on the site.

Fordham, Cambridgeshire
Fordham is a village in rural Cambridgeshire, England. Fordham is part of the East Cambridgeshire district.  It is four miles north of Newmarket, as well as being close to the settlements of Soham, Burwell, Isleham, Mildenhall and Chippenham.
Stormy (2024 film)
Stormy is a 2024 American documentary film, directed and produced by Sarah Gibson. It follows Stormy Daniels, as she navigates being a mother, artist, and advocate working hard to reinvent herself following the 
Stormy Daniels–Donald Trump scandal.

It had its world premiere at South by Southwest on March 8, 2024, and was released on March 18, 2024, by Peacock.

Denver Nicks
Denver Morrissey Nicks (born c. 1985) is an American journalist, photographer and a staff writer for Time magazine.  Nicks' work has appeared in The Nation, The Huffington Post, This Land, and The Daily Beast.  He is the author of Private: Bradley Manning, WikiLeaks, and the Biggest Exposure of Official Secrets in American History (2012) and Hot Sauce Nation: America's Burning Obsession (2016).

Nicks is a native of Tulsa, Oklahoma. He currently resides in New York City.

He holds a bachelor's degree in political science and international studies from Southern Methodist University in 2007, and a master's from the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism in 2010.

In the nearly two-hour documentary, “Stormy”, released in march of 2024 on Peacock, Nicks began a romantic relationship with Daniels while shooting footage that was eventually included in the film.
Mimi Smith (artist)
Mimi Smith (born May 13, 1942) is an American visual artist. She is a pioneer in early feminist and conceptual art focusing on clothing sculpture and drawing installation. She lives and works in New York City.

Art in America
Art in America (A.i.A.) is an illustrated quarterly, international magazine concentrating on the contemporary art world in the United States, including profiles of artists and genres, updates about art movements, show reviews and event schedules. It is designed for collectors, artists, art dealers, art professionals and other readers interested in the art world.

Previously a monthly publication, the magazine scaled back to quarterly issues in the 2020s after ownership changes and a merger with the publication ARTnews. Articles from Art in America are published online on the ARTnews website.
Mrigendra Pratap Singh
Mrigendra Pratap Singh was an Indian politician who served as Speaker and Member of Jharkhand Legislative Assembly from Jamshedpur West Assembly constituency and Minister of Finance in Cabinet of Jharkhand.

Jharkhand Legislative Assembly
The Jharkhand Legislative Assembly, commonly known as the Jharkhand Vidhan Sabha, is the unicameral state legislature of Jharkhand state in India. The seat of the Legislative Assembly is at Ranchi, the capital of the state.
Jack Waldman
Jack Waldman (September 6, 1952 – May 17, 1986) was an American jazz and rock musician, composer, record producer, vocalist and multi-instrumentalist.

Waldman was best known for his studio work and performances with singer Robert Palmer, and also worked with artists such as Billy Idol, Madonna, Rob Hegel, Joe Jackson, Foreigner and Whitney Houston. He was classically trained from childhood, and played keyboards, synthesizer, bassoon, saxophone and flute. He died in 1986 from HIV-related lymphoma.

Jocelyn Brown
Jocelyn Lorette Brown (born November 25, 1950), sometimes credited as Jocelyn Shaw, is an American R&B and dance singer. She has a Billboard Hot 100 chart entry solely in her name. Brown sang on 23 hit singles on the UK singles chart, eight of which have reached the top 20.
Hubbard Independent School District (Hill County, Texas)
Hubbard Independent School District is a public school district based in Hubbard, Texas, United States.

Located in Hill County, small portions of the district extend into Limestone and Navarro counties.

In 2009, the school district was rated "academically acceptable" by the Texas Education Agency.

Hill County, Texas
Hill County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 35,874. Its county seat is Hillsboro. The county is named for George Washington Hill, secretary of war and secretary of the navy under the Republic of Texas. Hill County is part of Central Texas, though not included in the Texas Hill Country.
Fredrik Lindahl (politician)
Fredrik Lindahl (born 22 May 1987) is a Swedish politician of the Sweden Democrats party who has been a member of the Riksdag since 2018.

Lindahl represents the constituency of Stockholm County and holds seat number 321 in parliament. He is a member of the Constitution Committee and a deputy for the Riksdag's Council for the National Audit Office. Lindahl has also been the district chairman in Stockholm County for the Sweden Democrats.

Stockholm County
Stockholm County (Swedish: Stockholms län [ˈstɔ̂kː(h)ɔlms ˈlɛːn]) is a county (Swedish: län) on the Baltic Sea coast of Sweden. It borders Uppsala County and Södermanland County. It also borders Mälaren and the Baltic Sea. The city of Stockholm is the capital of Sweden. Stockholm County is divided by the historic provinces of Uppland (Roslagen) and Södermanland (Södertörn). More than one fifth of the Swedish population lives in the county. Stockholm County is also one of the statistical riksområden (national areas) according to NUTS:SE, Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics within the EU. With more than two million inhabitants, Stockholm is the most densely populated county of Sweden.
Wesley Huntress
Wesley T. Huntress, Jr. is an American space scientist. An astrochemist and space scientist, Huntress worked for about twenty years at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. During the 1980s, he was also a video game designer, producing games for Apple computers. In 1988, Huntress moved to NASA headquarters, where he would serve in several positions, including Director of NASA's Solar System Exploration Division and Associate Administrator for Space Science.

As a part of these positions, Huntress oversaw all NASA research missions to the planets and asteroids of the Solar System, including missions to Mars, Venus, Jupiter, and Saturn. Following his work with NASA, he became the director of the Geophysical Laboratory at the Carnegie Institution, and the president of The Planetary Society. He has also worked on the NASA Advisory Council, and is a public advocate for space exploration.

Carnegie Institution for Science
Carnegie Science, also known as the Carnegie Institution of Washington and formerly Carnegie Institution for Science, is a nonprofit organization established in 1902 to fund and perform scientific research in the United States. The institution is headquartered in Washington, D.C. In 2018, expenses for scientific programs and administration totaled $96.6 million. As of June 30, 2020, the institution's endowment was valued at $926.9 million. The current president is American astronomer and astrophysicist John Mulchaey, whose official term began in November 2024.