hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Henriëtte Gesina Numans
Henriëtte Gesina Numans (15 August 1877 – 11 May 1955) was a Dutch painter.

Numans was born in Sintang Regency. She was trained in The Hague at the drawing school there in 1899–1900. She married the painter Waalko Jans Dingemans and they lived first in the Hague, in Nieuwkoop 1904–1911, and later in Haarlem, where he died in 1925. Henriette taught drawing at a school for girls and was a member of Kunst Zij Ons Doel there and Arti et Amicitiae in Amsterdam. Numans' work was included in the 1939 exhibition and sale Onze Kunst van Heden (Our Art of Today) at the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam.

Numans died in Zeist.

Arti et Amicitiae
Arti et Amicitiae (lat .: For Art and Friendship) is a Dutch artist's society founded in 1839, and located on the Rokin in Amsterdam. The Society (also called Arti for short) has played a key role in the Netherlands art scene and in particular in the Amsterdam art schools. It was and is to this day a hub for artists and art lovers in the city of Amsterdam. It is a private institution which supports artists, maintains social networks and offers a pension fund. In recent times it has been one of the venues for the 17th edition of the Sonic Acts Festival.

Arti et Amicitiae is also the name of the building. The complex was merged from two separate buildings and given a white neo-classical facade by J. H. Leliman in 1855.
Crisp (chocolate bar)
Nestlé Crisp is a line of wafer candy bars that are based on existing Nestlé brands and sold in the United States.  There are currently three Crisp bars in production: the Butterfinger Crisp, the Baby Ruth Crisp and the Nestlé Crunch Crisp.  Each package is made up of two small, individual bars.

The Crisp line is an offshoot of the original Butterfinger Crisp that came out in 2004, then later a Nestlé Crunch Crisp and finally the Baby Ruth Crisp.  While the original Butterfinger and Nestlé Crunch Crisp were full-size candy bars, all the current Crisps follow the two small, individual bar packaging.

Wafer
A wafer is a crisp, often sweet, very thin, flat, light biscuit, often used to decorate ice cream, and also used as a garnish on some sweet dishes. They frequently have a waffle surface pattern but may also be patterned with insignia of the food's manufacturer or may be patternless. Some chocolate bars, such as Kit Kat and Toffee Crisp, are wafers with chocolate in and around them.
2016 West Oxfordshire District Council election
The 2016 West Oxfordshire District Council election was held on 5 May 2016 to elect members of West Oxfordshire District Council in England. This was on the same day as other local elections.

Elections were held for 17 of the 49 seats on the council. No seats changed hands. The Conservative Party held 12 seats, the Labour Party held three seats and the Liberal Democrats held two seats. The Conservatives remained in overall control of the council with a total of 41 seats. The Labour Party and Liberal Democrats remained in opposition with four seats each.

West Oxfordshire
West Oxfordshire is a local government district in northwest Oxfordshire, England, including towns such as Woodstock, Burford, Chipping Norton, Charlbury, Carterton and Witney, where the council is based.
Tarkhuna (drink)
Tarkhun (Georgian: ტარხუნა, Georgian pronunciation: [tʼaɾχuna]) or Tarkhun (Armenian: թարխուն; Russian: тархун) is a Georgian carbonated soft drink that is flavored with tarragon and/or woodruff. It was first created in 1887 in the city of Kutaisi by a Georgian pharmacist named Mitrofan Lagidze.
Mitrofan Lagidze began to add odorous chukhpuch containing extract of Caucasian tarragon to sparkling water with natural syrups of his own production. Before the First World War, Lagidze repeatedly received gold medals at international exhibitions for his water. In 1927, the Soviet authorities built a plant for the production of "Lagidze water" in Tbilisi, and Lagidze himself was appointed director.

Kutaisi
Kutaisi (/kuːˈtaɪsiː/ koo-TY-see; Georgian: ქუთაისი pronounced [ˈkʰut̪ʰais̪i] ⓘ) is a city in the Imereti region of the Republic of Georgia. One of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, it is the 3rd-largest city in Georgia after Tbilisi and Batumi with a population of 123,000 as of 2025. It lies 221 kilometres (137 miles) west of Tbilisi, on the Rioni River, and is the capital of Imereti.

Historically one of the major cities of Georgia, it served as the political center of Colchis in the Middle Ages as the capital of the Kingdom of Abkhazia and Kingdom of Georgia and later as the capital of the Kingdom of Imereti. From October 2012 to December 2018, Kutaisi was the seat of the Parliament of Georgia as an effort to decentralize the Georgian government.
Badminton at the 2023 European Para Championships – Men's singles WH2
The men's singles WH2 badminton tournament at the 2023 European Para Championships was played from 15 to 20 August 2023 in Rotterdam Ahoy, Rotterdam. A total of 11 players competed at the tournament, three of whom was seeded.

Badminton at the 2023 European Games
Badminton at the 2023 European Games was held at Arena Jaskółka, Tarnów, Poland from 26 June to 2 July. The badminton programme in 2023 included men's and women's singles competitions; men's, women's and mixed doubles competitions. The event was functioned as the 2023 European Badminton Championships.
2014 Rally Argentina
The 2014 Rally Argentina was the fifth round of the 2014 World Rally Championship season. The event was based in Villa Carlos Paz, Argentina, and started on 8 May and finished on 11 May after fourteen special stages, totaling 405.1 competitive kilometres.

Finnish driver Jari-Matti Latvala won the Rally Argentina for the first time, taking his second of three victories during the 2014 season.

Jari-Matti Latvala
Jari-Matti Johannes Latvala (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈjɑriˌmɑtːi ˈlɑt.ʋɑ.lɑ]; born 3 April 1985) is a Finnish rally driver who has competed in the World Rally Championship (WRC). His co-driver for most of his career was Miikka Anttila, who co-drove for Latvala between the 2003 Rallye Deutschland and 2019 Rally Catalunya. He is well known for his aggressive driving style, which earns him many plaudits, and comparisons to the late Colin McRae. With 18 event victories in the WRC, he is one of the most successful drivers to not have won a championship. Latvala is also the driver with the most World Rally starts in the sport which he achieved in 2019, 17 years after his debut.

Starting in 2021, Latvala served as the team principal of Toyota Gazoo Racing WRT, replacing Tommi Mäkinen.
WPNV-LP
WPNV-LP (106.3 FM) is a low-power FM radio station licensed to serve the community of Peoria, Illinois. The station is owned by Black Business Alliance Peoria Chapter. It airs an Urban Adult Contemporary music format.

Urban adult contemporary
Urban adult contemporary, often abbreviated as urban AC or UAC, (also known as adult R&B,) is the name for a format of radio music, similar to an urban contemporary format. Radio stations using this format usually would not have hip hop music on their playlists, and generally include some mix of contemporary R&B and traditional R&B (while urban oldies stations emphasize only the latter). Urban adult contemporary playlists generally consist of many different genres that originated amongst Black Americans including R&B, soul, funk, disco, jazz, pop, hip-hop, electro, quiet storm, gospel, new jack swing, and hip-hop soul.
Althea Stevens
Althea V. Stevens (January 2, 1983) is an American politician who has represented the 16th district on the New York City Council since 2022. Her district encompasses the South Bronx communities of Morrisania, Concourse, Highbridge, and Morris Heights.

Highbridge, Bronx
Highbridge is a residential neighborhood geographically located in the central-west section of the Bronx, New York City. Its boundaries, starting from the north and moving clockwise, are the Cross-Bronx Expressway to the north, Jerome Avenue to the east, Macombs Dam Bridge to the south, and the Harlem River to the west. Ogden Avenue runs north–south through Highbridge.

The neighborhood is part of Bronx Community Board 4, and its ZIP Code is 10452. The local subway is the IND Concourse Line (B and ​D trains), operating along the Grand Concourse, and the IRT Jerome Avenue Line (4 train), operating along Jerome Avenue. The area is patrolled by the New York City Police Department's 44th Precinct. NYCHA property in the area is patrolled by P.S.A. 7 at 737 Melrose Avenue in the Melrose section of the Bronx.
Princess P
Princess P is the debut album by American Idol contestant, Paris Bennett. It was released on May 8, 2007 through 306 Entertainment, owned by Paul Jones, her uncle, and TVT Records. Bennett worked with Jon Jon Traxx, Darren Lighty, and Rodney Jerkins on Princess P. The album name comes from the nickname used affectionately for her by Ryan Seacrest on American Idol. Bennett co-wrote the album with J. Isaac Moore.

American Idol season 5
The fifth season of American Idol began on January 17, 2006, and concluded on May 24, 2006. Paula Abdul, Simon Cowell, and Randy Jackson returned as judges, while Ryan Seacrest returned as host. Taylor Hicks was named the winner, while Katharine McPhee was the runner-up. 18 contestants (including all of the top 10 and a few semifinalists) got record deals – nine of them with major labels.
Blue SWAT
Blue SWAT (ブルースワット, Burū Suwatto) is a Japanese television show and the thirteenth installment in the Metal Hero Series franchise. It ran from January 30, 1994 to January 29, 1995 for a total of 51 episodes and one theatrical film, aired as part of the 1994 Toei Super Hero Fair. Blue SWAT deviated from the Metal Hero trend by using a realistic vibe for the series instead of fantastic, over-the-top action by focusing on the martial arts and gunplay aspects of the series. While the mood of the series appealed to the genre's adult fanbase and older viewers, the show was not well received by children, which resulted in a change into a lighter tone midway through the series. The Blue SWAT team later appeared for a special team-up in the final episodes of Juukou B-Fighter.

Media franchise
A media franchise, also known as a multimedia franchise, is a collection of related media in which several derivative works have been produced from an original creative work of fiction, such as a film, a work of literature, a television program, or a video game. Bob Iger, chief executive of the Walt Disney Company, defined the word franchise as "something that creates value across multiple businesses and across multiple territories over a long period of time."
Bison Film Company
Bison Film Company, also known as 101 Bison Film Company, was an American film studio established in 1909 and disestablished in 1917.

It partnered with Miller Brothers 101 Ranch to lease 20,000 acres to build a Western town set and an Indian village and make silent films with stars including Tom Mix, Buck Jones, Hoot Gibson and Will Rogers. It produced The Indian Massacre (1912), by Thomas H. Ince.

In 1912 it also produced The Indian Raiders, Early Days in the West, Hunted Down, A Daughter of the Redskins, The Cowboy Guardians, The Tribal Law, An Indian Outcast; in 1913 it produced In Love and War, Woman and War; and in 1915 Lone Larry, starring Kingsley Benedict.

Tom Mix
Thomas Edwin Mix (born Thomas Hezikiah Mix; January 6, 1880 – October 12, 1940) was an American film actor and the star of many early Western films between 1909 and 1935. He appeared in 291 films, all but nine of which were silent films. He was one of Hollywood's first Western stars and helped define the genre as it emerged in the early days of the cinema.
Blohm & Voss P 215
The Blohm & Voss P215 was an advanced jet night fighter project by Blohm & Voss during the Second World War. With a crew of three and twin jet engines, it featured a tailless swept-wing layout and heavy armament. An order for three prototypes was received just weeks before the war ended.

Heinkel HeS 011
The Heinkel HeS 011 or Heinkel-Hirth 109-011 (HeS - Heinkel Strahltriebwerke) was an advanced World War II jet engine built by Heinkel-Hirth. It featured a unique compressor arrangement, starting with a low-compression impeller in the intake, followed by a "diagonal" stage similar to a centrifugal compressor, and then a three-stage axial compressor. Many of the German jet-powered aircraft being designed near the end of the war were designed to use the HeS 011, but the engine itself was not ready for production before the war ended in Europe and only small numbers of prototypes were produced.
Government of the Ukrainian People's Republic in exile
Government of the Ukrainian People's Republic in exile, or State Center of the Ukrainian People's Republic (SC of UPR) was a government in exile formed following the collapse of the Ukrainian People's Republic in 1920. It was initially located in Poland before relocating to France and later Germany during the Second World War. It finally relocated to Philadelphia in 1976, where it would remain until its dissolution. In 1992, the government recognized the newly independent Ukrainian government as the successor to the Ukrainian People's Republic, and formally relinquished its powers to the new Ukrainian authorities.

After the May Coup (Poland) in 1926 in the Second Polish Republic, Józef Piłsudski recognized the UNR government in exile, in a covert attempt to destabilize the Soviet Union, and in retaliation for Soviet support of the Communist Party of Western Ukraine.

Mykola Livytskyi
Mykola Andriiovych Livytskyi (Ukrainian: Микола Андрійович Лівицький; 7 January 1907 – 8 December 1989) was a Ukrainian politician and journalist. He was the prime minister (1957–1967) and the president of the Ukrainian People's Republic in exile (1967–1989).
Sudis (fish)
Sudis is a genus of barracudinas, with two currently recognized species:

Sudis atrox Rofen, 1963 (fierce pike smelt)

Sudis hyalina Rafinesque, 1810

The generic name is from Latin sudis, which referred to a wooden stake, but was also used by Pliny the Elder to describe a barracuda-like fish.

Sudis (stake)
The sudis (pl.: sudes) was a stake carried by Roman legionaries for employment as a field fortification, sometimes also called vallus. It is frequently, but incorrectly, called a pilum murale (lit. 'wall spear'). Typically, two such stakes were carried by each soldier.
Phascus shoemakeri
Phascus shoemakeri is a species of leaf beetle reported from the Republic of the Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It was first described from Garamba National Park by Brian J. Selman in 1972. Its host plants include Canthium sp., Erythrophleum guineense and Eriosema psoraleoides, and it was also collected on Scleria, Urena lobata and Bridelia micrantha.

Bridelia micrantha
Bridelia micrantha, the mitzeeri or the coastal golden-leaf, is a tree in the family Phyllanthaceae and is native to tropical and southern Africa as well as to the island of Réunion in the Indian Ocean.
Thames Gateway
Thames Gateway is a term applied to an area around the Thames Estuary in the context of discourse around regeneration and further urbanisation. The term was first coined by the UK government and applies to an area of land stretching 70 kilometres (43 mi) east from inner east and south-east London on both sides of the River Thames and the Thames Estuary. It stretches from Westferry in Tower Hamlets to the Isle of Sheppey/Southend-on-Sea and extends across three ceremonial counties.

Ceremonial counties of England
Ceremonial counties, formally known as counties for the purposes of the lieutenancies, are areas of England to which lord-lieutenants are appointed.  A lord-lieutenant is the monarch's representative in an area.

Shrieval counties have the same boundaries and serve a similar purpose, being the areas to which high sheriffs are appointed. High sheriffs are the monarch's judicial representative in an area.

The ceremonial counties are defined in the Lieutenancies Act 1997, and the shrieval counties in the Sheriffs Act 1887. Both are defined as groups of counties used for local government.
Carole McCann
Carole McCann is a professor and Chair in Gender and Women's Studies at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC). McCann was Director of the program from 1998-2005 and 2008-2014 when the program transitioned to be a department. For the 2017-208 school year, McCann was awarded UMBC's Lipitz Professorship.

McCann is the author of Birth Control Politics in the United States, 1916-1945 and co-editor of Feminist Theory Reader: Local and Global Perspectives along with Seung-Kyung Kim. The Feminist Theory Reader was updated with new material for a second edition, and was rereleased by Routledge in July 2009. A third edition was published in June 2013.

University of Maryland, Baltimore County
The University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC) is a public research university in Catonsville, Maryland, United States. It had a fall 2025 enrollment of 13,530 students. In 2019, it had 61 undergraduate majors, over 92 graduate programs (38 master, 25 doctoral, and 29 graduate certificate programs) and the first university research park in Maryland. It is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very High Research Activity".

Established as a part of the University System of Maryland in 1966, the university became the first public college or university in Maryland to be inclusive of all races. UMBC has the fourth highest enrollment of the University System of Maryland, specializing in natural sciences and engineering, as well as programs in the liberal arts and social sciences.  Its athletic teams are known as the UMBC Retrievers and participate in the America East Conference.
Immigration to Bolivia
Bolivia comparatively has experienced far less immigration than its South American neighbors. Nevertheless, small groups of Germans, Spaniards, Italians, a small Croatian community, and others live in the country. The Basques were a large source of Spanish and European immigration from the late 16th to early 20th centuries, most came as shepherds and ranchers to Bolivia's vast livestock industry.

Similar to other Latin American nations, Bolivia has experienced a small Japanese migration. Beginning in 1899 a small migration of Japanese began that continued until the 1970s. Small Japanese communities were formed in the Bolivian department of Santa Cruz. Other East Asians (Taiwanese, Koreans, and Chinese) and West Asians such as the (Lebanese and Syrians) developed their own communities in Bolivia in the late 20th century. During the 20th century Bolivia received a small number of Jews, mainly Ashkenazi.

Koreans
Koreans are an East Asian ethnic group native to the Korean Peninsula. The majority of Koreans live in the two Korean sovereign states of North and South Korea, which are collectively referred to as Korea. As of 2021, an estimated 7.3 million ethnic Koreans resided outside of Korea. Koreans are also an officially recognised ethnic minority in other several Continental and East Asian countries, including China, Japan, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Uzbekistan. Outside of Continental and East Asia, sizeable Korean communities have formed in Germany, the United Kingdom, France, the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand.
André Campra
André Campra (French: [kɑ̃pʁa]; baptized 4 December 1660 – 29 June 1744) was a French composer and conductor of the Baroque era. The leading French opera composer in the period between Jean-Baptiste Lully and Jean-Philippe Rameau, Campra wrote several tragédies en musique and opéra-ballets that were extremely well received. He also wrote three books of cantatas as well as religious music, including a requiem.

Music for the Requiem Mass
Music for the Requiem Mass is any music that accompanies the Requiem, or Mass for the Dead, in the Catholic Church. This church service has inspired hundreds of compositions, including settings by Victoria, Mozart, Berlioz, Verdi, Fauré, Dvořák, Duruflé and Britten. For centuries settings of the Mass for the Dead were to be chanted in liturgical service monophonically. Later the settings became polyphonic, Victoria's famous 1605 a cappella work being an example. By Mozart's time (1791) it was standard to embed the dramatic and long Dies irae (Day of Wrath) sequence, and to score with orchestra. Eventually many settings of the Requiem, not least Verdi's (1874), were essentially concert pieces unsuitable for church service.
Camelina sativa
Camelina sativa is a flowering plant in the family Brassicaceae usually known as camelina, gold-of-pleasure, or false flax, but also occasionally as wild flax, linseed dodder, German sesame, or Siberian oilseed. It is native to Europe and areas of Central Asia, but cultivated as an oilseed crop mainly in Europe and in North America. It is not related to true flax, which is in the family Linaceae.

Crop
A crop is a plant or plant product harvested for human use. Crops are cultivated at scale to produce food, fiber, fuel, and other products. Crops have been central to human civilization since the first agricultural revolution, a key stage in the broader history of agriculture, when early societies domesticated plants for food and trade. Today, a small number of staple crops such as rice, wheat, maize, and sugarcane account for the majority of global production. Because of their economic importance, crops are studied within several scientific disciplines, including agronomy, agricultural science, horticulture, and forestry.
Lauriston Sharp
Lauriston Sharp (March 24, 1907 – December 31, 1993) was a Goldwin Smith Professor of Anthropology and Asian Studies at Cornell University. He was the first person appointed in anthropology at the university, and he created its Southeast Asia Program, research centers in Asia and North and South America, a multidisciplinary faculty and strong language program. He was a founding member of the Society for Applied Anthropology and a founding trustee of the Asia Society.

Bronislaw Malinowski Award
The Bronislaw Malinowski Award is an award given by the US-based Society for Applied Anthropology (SfAA) in honor of Bronisław Malinowski (1884–1942), an original member and strong supporter of the Society. Briefly established in 1950, the award has been presented annually since 1973.: 1

It is given to an outstanding senior scholar in recognition for a lifetime commitment to the application of the social sciences to contemporary social issues. The acceptance addresses of the awardees are usually published in the society's journal, Human Organization.
Kirov, Kaluga Oblast
Kirov (Russian: Ки́ров) is a town and the administrative center of Kirovsky District in Kaluga Oblast, Russia, located on the Bolva River (Desna's tributary) 160 kilometers (99 mi) southwest of Kaluga, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: 28,097 (2021 Census); 31,882 (2010 Census); 38,893 (2002 Census); 35,962 (1989 Soviet census). 29,000 (1970).

Kaluga
Kaluga (Russian: Калу́га, IPA: [kɐˈɫuɡə] ⓘ) is a city and the administrative center of Kaluga Oblast, Russia. It stands on the Oka River 150 kilometers (93 mi) southwest of Moscow. Its population was 337,058 at the 2021 census.

Kaluga's most famous resident, the space travel pioneer Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, worked there as a school teacher from 1892 to 1935. The Tsiolkovsky State Museum of the History of Cosmonautics in Kaluga is dedicated to his theoretical achievements and to their practical implementations for modern space research, hence the motto on the city's coat of arms: Колыбель Космонавтики, Kolybélʹ kosmonávtiki ("The Cradle of Space-Exploration").