hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jargon aphasia
Jargon aphasia is a type of aphasia where the affected individual generates speech that is incomprehensible to the listeners. It is an instance of Wernicke's aphasia.
People with jargon aphasia may replace a desired word with another that sounds or looks similar, is semantically related, or, in some cases, with random sounds.
People with jargon aphasia often use neologisms, and may perseverate if they try to replace the words they cannot find with sounds.

Sound
Sound is a phenomenon in which pressure disturbances propagate through a transmission medium. In the context of physics, it is characterised as a mechanical wave of pressure or related quantities (e.g. displacement), whereas in physiological-psychological contexts it refers to the reception of such waves and their perception by the brain. Though sensitivity to sound varies among all organisms, the human ear is sensitive to frequencies ranging from 20 Hz to 20 kHz. Examples of the significance and application of sound include music, medical imaging techniques, oral language and parts of science.
1946 Italian general election
General elections were held in Italy on Sunday 2 and also on Monday 3 June (but until noon) 1946. They were the first after World War II and elected 556 deputies to the Constituent Assembly. Theoretically, a total of 573 deputies were to be elected, but the election did not take place in the Julian March and in South Tyrol, which were under military occupation by the United Nations.

For the first time, Italian women were allowed to vote in a national election and run for a seat in the Constituent Assembly.

This election was held concurrently with the 1946 Italian institutional referendum on the abolition of the monarchy.

Constituent Assembly of Italy
The Italian Constituent Assembly (Italian: Assemblea Costituente della Repubblica Italiana) was a parliamentary chamber which existed in Italy from 25 June 1946 until 31 January 1948. It was tasked with writing a constitution for the  Italian Republic, which had replaced the Kingdom of Italy after the 1946 Italian institutional referendum.

The assembly was formed by the representatives of all the anti-fascist forces that contributed to the defeat of Nazi and Fascist forces during the liberation of Italy.
Yunost Sport Palace
Yunost Sport Palace (Russian: Дворец спорта Юность, romanized: Dvorets sporta Yunost') is an indoor sporting arena located in Chelyabinsk, Russia. The capacity of the arena is 3,500. It was built in 1967 and served as the home arena for the ice hockey team Traktor Chelyabinsk until 2009, at which time the team moved to the newly constructed Traktor Sport Palace.

Starting with the 2012–13 season, Yunost Sport Palace has been the home arena of Supreme Hockey League (VHL) team Chelmet Chelyabinsk. Three sports schools utilize the arena's facilities: MBU SSHOR Todes (МБУ СШОР Тодес), a primary and secondary school specializing in figure skating; the Sergei Makarov School (Школа имени Сергея Макарова; named after Sergei Makarov), which specializes in ice hockey; and Veronika Dance School (Вероника школа танцев), a secondary school specializing in dancesport.

All-Russian Hockey League
The All-Russian Hockey League (VHL) (Russian: Всероссийская хоккейная лига (ВХЛ), Vserossiyskaya hokkeinaya liga (VHL)), also known as the Supreme Hockey League, Major Hockey League or Higher Hockey League (HHL) (Russian: Высшая хоккейная лига, Vysshaya hokkeinaya liga), is a professional ice hockey league in Eurasia, and the second highest level of Russian hockey.

As the Kontinental Hockey League, the top tier of Russian ice hockey, is independent from the Ice Hockey Federation of Russia, the VHL's champion is also declared the Champion of Russia.
Shuttlecock (novel)
Shuttlecock, described as a psychological thriller, was Graham Swift's second novel, published in 1981 by Allen Lane. It won the Geoffrey Faber Memorial Prize in 1983 and was released as a film in 1993.

Geoffrey Faber Memorial Prize
The Geoffrey Faber Memorial Prize is a British literary prize established in 1963 in tribute to Geoffrey Faber, founder and first Chairman of the publisher Faber & Faber. It recognises a single volume of poetry or fiction by a United Kingdom, Irish or Commonwealth author under 40 years of age on the date of publication, and is in alternating years awarded to poetry and fiction (including short stories).

The prize is worth £1500.

The prize jury, comprising three reviewers, is selected by literary editors of journals and newspapers that regularly publish reviews of poetry and fiction.

In its first year, the prize was awarded to Christopher Middleton and George MacBeth for poetry. The first win by a short-story collection, The Quantity Theory of Insanity by Will Self, was in 1993.
Francis Algernon Govett
Francis Algernon Govett (1858 – October 27, 1926) was a British stockbroker who was a director of many mining companies, was closely involved with future American president Herbert Hoover, and later became the chairman of the Burma Corporation. His business practices were sharply criticized by anti-corruption campaigner Walter Liggett in his 1932 book, The rise of Herbert Hoover.

Walter Liggett
Walter William Liggett (February 14, 1886 – December 9, 1935), was an American journalist who worked at several newspapers in New York City, including the New York Times, The Sun, New York Post, and the New York Daily News. In the Twin Cities during the 1930s, Liggett worked as an investigative journalist and editor of the newspaper Midwest American. He specialized in exposés of Minneapolis and Saint Paul organized crime and their connections to corrupt politicians. He wrote novels including The River Riders. Subjects he wrote about included the timber business in northern Minnesota and the Alaskan gold rush events. He became involved in politics and covered political corruption. He was murdered as a result.
Aleš Čar
Aleš Čar (born 6 March 1971) is a Slovene writer, editor and translator. He has published a number of novels and short stories. He works as editor in the culture section of the Slovene daily Dnevnik.

Čar was born in Idrija in the Goriška region in western Slovenia in 1971. He studied comparative literature and sociology at the University of Ljubljana and works as an editor in Ljubljana. For a while he was chief editor of the (now dormant) magazine Balkanis and hosted a talk show about the arts on Slovene national TV. In 1997 he won Best Debut Novel Award awarded by the Union of Slovenian Publishers and Booksellers for Igra angelov in netopirjev (When Bats Dance with Angels). His novel O znosnosti (On Tolerability) was one of the five finalists for the 2012 Kresnik Award.

Kresnik Award
Kresnik is a literary award in Slovenia awarded each year for the best novel in Slovene of the previous year. It has been bestowed since 1991 at summer solstice by the national newspaper house Delo. The awards ceremony is normally held on Rožnik Hill above Ljubljana where the winner is invited to light a large bonfire. The winner also receives a financial award.
Zieglerville, Pennsylvania
Zieglerville is an unincorporated community in Lower Frederick Township in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, United States. Its ZIP Code is 19492 and it is located on the west side of the Perkiomen Creek where PA Route 29 (Gravel Pike) and PA Route 73 (Big Rd) split at a roundabout, just north of Schwenksville.

The Bridge in Upper Frederick Township was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.

Schwenksville, Pennsylvania
Schwenksville is a borough in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 1,431 at the 2020 census. It is notable for being located near the site of the Philadelphia Folk Festival. The borough was founded in 1684, when the Lenni-Lenape Indians ceded to William Penn the land along the Perkiomen Creek; it was incorporated in 1903. The borough was named for George Schwenk, whose son, Jacob Schwenk, served in George Washington's army.

The town was the inspiration for the protagonist in Catherine Gilbert Murdock's 2006 novel Dairy Queen.

The Hall & Oates song "Perkiomen" was written about the Perkiomen Creek, which constitutes Schwenksville's eastern border. "Perkiomen" is Lenape for "muddy waters" and "where the cranberries grow."

Schwenksville is also the gateway to the Perkiomen Trail, a nineteen-mile section of the former Reading Railroad's Perkiomen Valley corridor. It now serves as a multi-use rail trail and was completed in 2003.
Digital Content Next
Digital Content Next (DCN) is a nonprofit international trade association for the digital content industry. DCN develops research, holds informational events and provides policy guidance. It was known as the Online Publishers Association (OPA) until May 2014.

Digital content
Digital content is any content that exists in the form of digital data. Digital content is stored on digital media or analog storage in specific formats. Forms of digital content include information that is digitally broadcast, streamed, or contained in computer files. Viewed narrowly, digital content includes popular media types, while a broader approach considers any type of digital information (e. g. digitally updated weather forecasts, GPS maps, and so on) as digital content.

Digital content has increased as more households have accessed the Internet. Expanded access has made it easier for people to receive their news and watch TV online, challenging the popularity of traditional platforms. Increased access to the Internet has also led to the mass publication of digital content through individuals in the form of eBooks, blog posts, and even Facebook posts.
Zariski geometry
In mathematics, a Zariski geometry consists of an abstract structure introduced by Ehud Hrushovski and Boris Zilber, in order to give a characterisation of the Zariski topology on an algebraic curve, and all its powers. The Zariski topology on a product of algebraic varieties is very rarely the product topology, but richer in closed sets defined by equations that mix two sets of variables. The result described gives that a very definite meaning, applying to projective curves and compact Riemann surfaces in particular.

Ehud Hrushovski
Ehud Hrushovski FRS (Hebrew: אהוד הרושובסקי; born 30 September 1959) is a mathematical logician. He is a Merton Professor of Mathematical Logic at the University of Oxford and a Fellow of Merton College, Oxford. He was also Professor of Mathematics at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
2017 İstanbul Cup – Doubles
Andreea Mitu and İpek Soylu were the defending champions, but chose not to compete together. Mitu played alongside Mariana Duque Mariño, but lost in the quarterfinals to Tímea Babos and Çağla Büyükakçay. Soylu teamed up with Hsieh Su-wei, but lost in the first round to Dalila Jakupović and Nadiia Kichenok.

Jakupović and Kichenok went on to win the title, defeating Nicole Melichar and Elise Mertens in the final,  7–6(8–6), 6–2.

Mariana Duque Mariño
Mariana Duque Mariño (Spanish pronunciation: [maˈɾjana ˈðuke maˈriɲo]; born 12 August 1989) is a Colombian former tennis player. Having turned professional in 2005, she reached a career-high singles ranking of world No. 66 in October 2015.

Duque debuted on the ITF Junior Circuit in 2004. As a junior, she reached the final of the girls' singles tournament at the 2007 French Open. She defeated the tenth-seeded Ksenia Pervak in the first round, and ousted juniors' world No. 1, Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova, in the semifinals. Duque lost in the final to Alizé Cornet in three sets. She had some setbacks during the tournament, due to losing her tennis rackets at the airport. Without money to buy replacements, she had to play with borrowed rackets.

She won her first professional tournament in May 2006, in Mazatlán, Mexico. Her biggest win in senior competition is defeating 26th seed Anna Chakvetadze in the opening round of the 2009 French Open, in three sets.
2024 Mallorca Championships – Doubles
Julian Cash and Robert Galloway won the doubles title at the 2024 Mallorca Championships, defeating Diego Hidalgo and Alejandro Tabilo in the final, 6–4, 6–4.

Yuki Bhambri and Lloyd Harris were the reigning champions, but Harris did not participate this year. Bhambri partnered Albano Olivetti, but lost in the quarterfinals to Nathaniel Lammons and Jackson Withrow.

Jackson Withrow
Jackson Withrow (born July 7, 1993) is an American professional tennis player who specializes in doubles. Withrow has a career-high ATP doubles ranking of world No. 16 achieved on 19 February 2024. Withrow has won 10 ATP doubles titles.
Planet Godrej
Planet Godrej is a  residential skyscraper located on a plot of 9-acre (3.6 ha) at Mahalaxmi, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. The tower stands 181 m (594 ft) tall and is 51 floors high. It has about 300 residential apartments. Only 5% of the total land was used to build the skyscraper, resulting in extensive open space. It was designed by the Singapore-based DP Architects and given the PINNACLE Award 2006, by Zee Business.

Zee Media Corporation
Zee Media Corporation Limited (abbreviated as ZMCL; formerly Zee News Limited) is an Indian mass media and news broadcasting company based in Mumbai. The company is engaged mainly in the business of broadcasting news and current affairs, and regional entertainment up-linked from India via satellite television channels.
Paris (Friendly Fires song)
"Paris" is the second single by Friendly Fires taken from the band's self-titled debut album Friendly Fires. The song features backing vocals from the members of the American indie pop trio Au Revoir Simone, and samples the song "Sun and Ice" from the album From Here We Go Sublime by The Field.

The Aeroplane remix of the song features the members of Au Revoir Simone on lead vocals.

In October 2011, music magazine NME placed it at number 47 on its list "150 Best Tracks of the Past 15 Years".

In 2012, "Paris" was listed by NME in 48th place on its list of "50 Most Explosive Choruses."

The Field (musician)
Axel Willner is a Swedish electronic music producer and DJ from Stockholm and currently based in Berlin, best known for his releases as The Field, blending micro-samples of pop songs into atmospheric minimal techno.
Lor, Kermanshah
Lor (Persian: لر; also known as Deh Lor, Lord, and Lūrail) is a village in Howmeh-ye Jonubi Rural District, in the Central District of Eslamabad-e Gharb County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 362, in 81 families.

Eslamabad-e Gharb County
Eslamabad-e Gharb County (Persian: شهرستان اسلام‌آباد غرب) or Shahabad- Ghrb County (Persian: شهرستان شاه‌آباد غرب) is in Kermanshah Province, Iran, part of what is unofficially referred to as Iranian Kurdistan. Its capital is the city of Eslamabad-e Gharb.
Iron Boy (album)
Iron Boy (stylized in all caps) is the second studio album by Ghanaian rapper and songwriter Black Sherif, released on 3 April 2025 through Blacko Management and Empire. The album features guest appearances from Nigerian singers Fireboy DML and Seyi Vibez, in which Fireboy DML was featured on the album's lead single, "So it Goes". Iron Boy combines hip-hop, Afrobeat, and Highlife together with exploring the themes of strength and vulnerability. The album, soon after release, received critical acclaim from music critics and the public alike.

Iron Boy was also a commercial success. The album had become the first Ghanaian release to have spent two full weeks on the Top 50 chart on Apple Music (USA). It had also set a record for the most streams in a day for a Ghanaian album on Spotify, hitting 2 million streams. Iron Boy peaked at number 10 on the US World Albums (Billboard) and number 5 on the Nigerian Top 100 Albums (TurnTable).

TurnTable Top 100 Albums
The TurnTable Top 100 Albums chart (also known as  Nigeria Official Top 100 Albums) is the official album streaming chart in Nigeria. It is compiled every Tuesday by a Nigeria-based music digital streaming tracking company and published every Tuesday by TurnTable magazine. The list shows the 50 top-streaming music albums of the moment in Nigeria. The first issue of the Nigeria Top 50, was launched on Tuesday, 8 November 2022, and the first number-one album was Mr. Money with the Vibe by Asake.

In 2024, the chart ranking was later expanded from 50 to 100. The first issue of the Top 100, was launched on Monday, 29 January 2024, and was led by Seyi Vibez's NAHAMciaga extended play album.
1949 VFL thirds season
The 1949 VFL thirds season was the 4th season of the VFL thirds,  the Australian rules football competition operating as the junior competition to the Victorian Football League (VFL).

Carlton won their second thirds premiership, defeating minor premiers Geelong by 11 points.

At the end of the previous season, North Essendon withdrew from the competition, and TAA − a side representing Trans Australia Airlines − took its place. However, the side was too heavily beaten and withdrew after round 4.

1948 VFL thirds season
The 1948 VFL thirds season was the 3rd season of the VFL thirds,  the Australian rules football competition operating as the junior competition to the Victorian Football League (VFL).

Carlton won their first thirds premiership, defeating minor premiers Essendon by 10 points.

This was the first season contested by Footscray. At the end of the season, North Essendon left the competition and were replaced by TAA, a team representing Trans Australia Airlines.
Fengyan Li
Fengyan Li is an applied mathematician. She specializes in numerical analysis and scientific computing, and especially in Galerkin methods for magnetohydrodynamics and related problems in computational fluid dynamics including Maxwell's equations and Eikonal equations. Educated in China and the US, she works in the US as a professor of applied mathematics at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.

Eikonal equation
An eikonal equation (from Greek εἰκών, image) is a non-linear first-order partial differential equation that is encountered in problems of wave propagation.

The classical eikonal equation in geometric optics is a differential equation of the form

where  lies in an open subset of ,  is a 
positive function,    denotes the gradient, and  is the Euclidean norm. The function  is given and one seeks solutions .
In the context of geometric optics, the function  is the refractive index of the medium.

More generally, an eikonal equation is an equation of the form

where  is a function of  variables. 
Here the function  is given, and   is the solution.
If , then equation (2) becomes (1).

Eikonal equations naturally arise in the WKB method
and the study of Maxwell's equations. Eikonal equations provide a link between physical (wave) optics and geometric (ray) optics.

One fast computational algorithm to approximate the solution to the eikonal equation is the fast marching method.
AS-601811
AS-601811 is a 5α-reductase inhibitor of type 1 of the enzyme which was under development for the treatment of acne, benign prostatic hyperplasia, hirsutism, male-pattern baldness, and prostate cancer but was never marketed. It is taken orally. The drug reached phase 1 clinical trials prior to the discontinuation of its development. It was being developed by Merck Serono.

Phases of clinical research
The phases of clinical research are the stages in which scientists conduct experiments with a health intervention to obtain sufficient evidence for a process considered effective as a medical treatment. For drug development, the clinical phases start with testing for drug safety in a few human subjects, then expand to many study participants (potentially tens of thousands) to determine if the treatment is effective. Clinical research is conducted on drug candidates, vaccine candidates, new medical devices, and new diagnostic assays.
Spider orchid
Spider orchid typically refers to the orchid genus Caladenia as a whole.

It may also mean one of the following:

Several Corybas species, including
Corybas macranthus
Corybas trilobus

Dendrobium tetragonum (Common spider orchid, Tree spider orchid)

Bartholina burmanniana

Several Ophrys species, including 
Ophrys fuciflora (Late spider orchid)
Ophrys sphegodes (Early spider orchid)

Members of the genus Brassia

Ophrys holosericea
Ophrys holosericea, the late spider orchid, is a species of flowering plant in the family Orchidaceae, native to western and central Europe and the Mediterranean region. There has been considerable confusion about the identity of this species and the correct spelling of its name.

This species is pollinated by Eucera bees, deceived by the flower that mimics a female bee.
2016–17 EuroLeague
The 2016–17 Turkish Airlines EuroLeague was the 17th season of the modern era of Euroleague Basketball and the seventh under the title sponsorship of the Turkish Airlines. Including the competition's previous incarnation as the FIBA Europe Champions Cup, this was the 60th season of the premier level competition for European men's professional basketball clubs.

This was the first season in which the competition changed to a league format, with sixteen teams playing each other in a home-and-away round-robin competition. Regular season groups were abolished, as well as the Top 16 group stage.

The Final Four was hosted by the Sinan Erdem Dome in Istanbul, Turkey. Fenerbahçe won its inaugural European championship in its home city after defeating Olympiacos in the final.

European professional club basketball system
Professional men's basketball clubs in Europe can compete in a number of different competitions, including national leagues, regional (multi-national) leagues, and continental competitions. It is therefore possible for clubs from some countries to take part in several levels of competition in the same season. Clubs usually qualify for European competitions through performance in their national or regional leagues, with the exception of wild cards.
White-headed island thrush
The white-headed island-thrush (Turdus pritzbueri), also known as the Loyalty island thrush, is a species of passerine in the family Turdidae. It is found in Vanuatu, and New Caledonia. It was formerly considered to be a subspecies of island thrush, but was classified as a distinct species by the IOC and Clements checklist in 2024.

The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World
The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World is a book by Jim Clements which presents a list of the bird species of the world.

The most recent printed version is the sixth edition (2007), but has been updated yearly, the last version in 2024, and is published by Cornell University Press. Previous editions were published by the author's own imprint, Ibis Publishing.  The Cornell Lab of Ornithology has provided annual updates since then, usually in August, and the most recent version is available online in several formats. These updates reflect the ongoing changes to bird taxonomy based on published research.

Clements is the official list used by the American Birding Association for birds globally. eBird also uses the Clements checklist as the base list for its eBird taxonomy, which in addition to species includes hybrids and other non-species entities reported by birders.