hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Der Internatsional
Der Internatsional (Yiddish: דער אינטערנאציאנאל, 'The Internationale') was a Yiddish language weekly newspaper published from Yekaterinoslav 1917-1920. The newspaper began publishing on August 1, 1917.

Initially Der Internatsional was the organ of the Yekaterinoslav Committee of the General Jewish Labour Bund. As of 1918 it functioned as the organ of the Regional Committee of the Bund for the Yekaterinoslav Governorate, the Kharkov Governorate, the Taurida Governorate and the Don Oblast.

Don Host Oblast
Don Host Oblast was a province (oblast) of the Russian Empire which consisted of the territory of the Don Cossacks, coinciding approximately with present-day Rostov Oblast in Russia. Its administrative center was Cherkassk, and later Novocherkassk.

It comprised the areas where the Don Cossack Host settled in the Russian Empire. From 1786, the territory was officially named Don Host Land (Russian: Земля Войска Донского, romanized: Zemlya Voyska Donskogo), renamed Don Host Oblast in 1870.

During 1914, the oblast, with an area of 164,000 km², had about 3.9 million inhabitants. Of these, 55% (2.1 million) were Cossacks in possession of all the land; the remaining 45% of the population being townsfolk and agricultural guest labourers from other parts of Russia.

It was abolished in 1920; from the major part of it the Don Oblast of the RSFSR was created, which was incorporated into the North Caucasus Krai in 1924.
2022 USFL draft
The 2022 USFL draft, also known as the 2022 USFL player selection meeting, was the player selection process to fill the rosters of the eight teams for the 2022 USFL season. The draft was held on February 22–23, 2022, with results released through the USFL's social media channels.

2022 USFL season
The 2022 USFL season was the inaugural season of the United States Football League, and the first season of a league using that name since 1985. The season began on April 16 and concluded on July 3. The league's eight teams represent various geographical locales and associated team names that were part of the 1984 season of the original USFL. For 2022, all regular-season games were played in Birmingham, Alabama, at Protective Stadium (Weeks 1–7, 9) and at Legion Field (Weeks 8 & 10).

The USFL played its postseason games at Tom Benson Hall of Fame Stadium, adjacent to the Pro Football Hall of Fame in Canton, Ohio. The Birmingham Stallions won the USFL Championship game against the Philadelphia Stars on July 3.
June Caddle
June Caddle (born 15 July 1957) is a retired Barbadian athlete who competed in sprinting and hurdling events. She represented her country at the inaugural World Championships in Helsinki. Her biggest success was the bronze medal in 100 metres hurdles at the 1982 Central American and Caribbean Games.

1983 World Championships in Athletics
The 1st World Championships in Athletics (Finnish: Yleisurheilun maailmanmestaruuskilpailut 1983; Swedish: Världsmästerskapen i friidrott 1983) were run under the auspices of the International Association of Athletics Federations and were held at the Olympic Stadium in Helsinki, Finland between 7 and 14 August 1983. Despite the existence of previously held championship events in both 1976 and 1980, this 1983 championship was marked as the inaugural World Championship.
Sarah White Livermore
Sarah White Livermore (1789–1874) was a 19th-century American teacher and writer of fugitive poetry and prose. She was a lyricist of several hymns, and a magazine writer as well. Livermore spent most of her life teaching school. With Phebe Abbot, she established a Sunday school in Wilton, New Hampshire in May 1816, connected with the Congregational church. It was one of the first, if not the first, in the U.S. to be devoted especially and wholly to religious instruction.

Lyricist
A lyricist is a writer who writes lyrics (the spoken words), as opposed to a composer, who writes the song's music which may include (but is not limited to) the melody, harmony, arrangement and accompaniment.
Michael L. Howard
Michael L. Howard is a retired United States Army lieutenant general who last served as the deputy commander of the United States European Command. Prior to that, he was the command's operations director.

Howard earned a B.S. degree in biology from Mercer University in 1986. He later received an M.S. degree in national security strategic studies from the National War College.

Prior to his current European assignment, Howard served for two years as the commanding officer of the Military District of Washington (MDW). During that time, he also served as the official escort for former president George W. Bush and his family during the state funeral for his father, former President George H. W. Bush, in late 2018.

National War College
The National War College (NWC) is a school within the United States' National Defense University. It is housed in Roosevelt Hall on Fort Lesley J. McNair, Washington, D.C., the third-oldest Army post still active.
Gillemachoi
Gillemachoi was a serf quitclaimed by King William the Lion to Jocelin, Bishop of Glasgow. His name means "lad or servant of Saint Mungo". In a charter issued at Selkirk at some point between 1175 and 1190, King William acknowledges the full ownership of "Gillemachoi de Conglud" and all his relatives and dependents to the "church of St Kentigern of Glasgow". It is not clear why Jocelin sought confirmation of ownership, since the bishopric had possessed the land of "Conglud", that is, Kinclaith (modern Glasgow Green) since the reign of King Malcolm IV.

William the Lion
William the Lion (Scottish Gaelic: Uilleam an Leòmhann), sometimes styled William I (Uilleam MacEanraig; Medieval Gaelic: Uilliam mac Eanric) and also known by the nickname Garbh, 'the Rough' (c. 1142 – 4 December 1214), reigned as King of Alba from 1165 to 1214. His almost 49-year-long reign was the longest for a Scottish monarch before the Union of the Crowns in 1603.
1983 NCAA Division I men's ice hockey tournament
The 1983 NCAA Division I Men's Ice Hockey Tournament was the culmination of the 1982–83 NCAA Division I men's ice hockey season, the 36th such tournament in NCAA history. It was held between March 18 and 26, 1983, and concluded with Wisconsin defeating Harvard 6-2. All Quarterfinals matchups were held at home team venues while all succeeding games were played at the Winter Sports Center in Grand Forks, North Dakota.

The Badgers' goal differential (+16) is a record for an NCAA tournament, equaling the record set by Colorado College in 1950 and matched by Michigan in 1953.

Colorado College Tigers men's ice hockey
The Colorado College Tigers men's ice hockey team is a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I college ice hockey program that represents Colorado College. The Tigers are a member of the National Collegiate Hockey Conference. They began play at Ed Robson Arena on the CC campus in Colorado Springs starting in the 2021 season.
Synthetic Men of Mars
Synthetic Men of Mars is a science fantasy novel by American writer Edgar Rice Burroughs, the ninth of his Barsoom series. It was first published in the magazine Argosy Weekly in six parts in early 1939. The first complete edition of the novel was published in 1940 by Edgar Rice Burroughs, Inc.

Despite a successful career stretching back more than two decades, Burroughs had trouble finding a publisher for the serialized version of the novel. Both Liberty and Blue Book turned him down; Argosy was his third choice. He received US$1200 for the magazine rights.

Liberty (general interest magazine)
Liberty was an American weekly general-interest magazine, originally priced at five cents and subtitled, "A Weekly for Everybody." It was launched in 1924 by McCormick-Patterson, the publisher until 1931, when it was taken over by Bernarr Macfadden until 1941. At one time it was said to be "the second greatest magazine in America," ranking behind The Saturday Evening Post in circulation. It featured contributions from some of the biggest politicians, celebrities, authors, and artists of the 20th century. The contents of the magazine provided a unique look into popular culture, politics, and world events through the Roaring Twenties, Great Depression, World War II, and postwar America. It ceased publication in 1950 and was revived briefly in 1971.
William Warntz
William Warntz (1922–1988) was an American mathematical geographer based at the Harvard Laboratory for Computer Graphics and Spatial Analysis. He was a "pioneer in mathematical approaches to spatial analysis".

Harvard Laboratory for Computer Graphics and Spatial Analysis
The Harvard Laboratory for Computer Graphics and Spatial Analysis (1965 to 1991) pioneered early cartographic and architectural computer applications that led to integrated geographic information systems (GIS).  Some of the Laboratory's influential programs included SYMAP, SYMVU, GRID, CALFORM, and POLYVRT.  The Laboratory's Odyssey project created a geographic information system that served as a milestone in the development of integrated mapping systems.  The Laboratory influenced numerous computer graphic, mapping and architectural systems such as Intergraph, Computervision, and Esri.
Chovanec
Chovanec (Czech pronunciation: [ˈxovanɛts]; feminine: Chovancová, in Slovak also Chovanecová) is a Czech and Slovak surname. The word chovanec is an archaic term for 'adoptee'. Notable people with the surname include:

Ján Chovanec (born 1984), Slovak footballer

Jozef Chovanec (born 1960), Czech-Slovak footballer and manager

Marián Chovanec (born 1957), Slovak bishop

Milan Chovanec (born 1970), Czech politician

Patrick Chovanec (born 1970), American economist

Zdeněk Chovanec (born 2004), Czech-Venezuelan racing driver

Adoption
Adoption is a process whereby a person assumes the parenting of another, usually a child, from that person's biological or legal parent or parents. Legal adoptions permanently transfer all rights and responsibilities, along with filiation, from the biological parents to the adoptive parents.

Unlike guardianship or other systems designed for the care of the young, adoption is intended to effect a permanent change in status and as such requires societal recognition, either through legal or religious sanction. Historically, some societies have enacted specific laws governing adoption, while others used less formal means (notably contracts that specified inheritance rights and parental responsibilities without an accompanying transfer of filiation). Modern systems of adoption, arising in the 20th century, tend to be governed by comprehensive statutes and regulations.
Amaury Bonduel
Amaury Bonduel (born 3 March 1999 in Braine-l'Alleud) is a racing driver from Belgium who currently competes in the International GT Open for BDR Racing. He has previously competed in the GP3 Series and the Lamborghini Super Trofeo Europe.

Lamborghini Super Trofeo
The Lamborghini Super Trofeo is an international motor racing series. The Lamborghini Super Trofeo is the one-make championship organized by Lamborghini Squadra Corse. The series involves exclusively Huracán Super Trofeo Evo model cars in 3 continental series: Europe, Asia, and North America.  The three continental series all have a common format: 6 double races, each 50 minutes long, on the world’s most prestigious circuits, completed by a World Final that decrees the Lamborghini world champions.

Lamborghini Super Trofeo drivers compete in identical Lamborghini Huracán Super Trofeo Evo cars, based on the Lamborghini Huracán LP 620-2 replacing the older Gallardo version. The drivers are also divided according to categories – Pro, Pro-Am, Am, and LB Cup.
Janice Stein
Janice Gross Stein CM OOnt FRSC (born 1943) is a Canadian political scientist and international relations expert. Stein is a specialist in Middle East area studies, negotiation theory, foreign policy decision-making, and international conflict management.

She is the founding director of the Munk School of Global Affairs and Public Policy at the University of Toronto, where she is a professor.

Negotiation theory
The foundations of negotiation theory are decision analysis, behavioral decision-making, game theory, and negotiation analysis.
Another classification of theories distinguishes between Structural Analysis, Strategic Analysis, Process Analysis, Integrative Analysis, and behavioral analysis of negotiations.

Negotiation is a strategic discussion that resolves an issue in a way that both parties find acceptable. Individuals should make separate, interactive decisions; and negotiation analysis considers how groups of reasonably bright individuals should and could make joint, collaborative decisions. These theories are interleaved and should be approached from the synthetic perspective.
Ruah Midbar
Ruah Midbar (Hebrew: רוּחַ מִדְּבָּר, lit. Desert Wind) is a rehabilitation centre in southern Israel. Located between Ashalim and Tlalim, it falls under the jurisdiction of Ramat HaNegev Regional Council. In 2022 its population was 57.

The centre was opened in 2010 as a collaboration between the regional council, the Anti-Drug Authority, the Jewish National Fund, Mifal HaPayis, the Rashi Foundation and several government departments. It serves people suffering from drug and alcohol addiction and eating disorders, and is run by the Yahadu Association.

Mifal HaPais
Mifal HaPais (Hebrew: מפעל הפיס) is Israel's government-owned lottery company. It comprises the state's near monopoly on legal gambling together with the Israel Sports Betting Board (ISBB) (Hebrew: המועצה להסדר ההימורים בספורט). The name translates to The Institute of Lottery.

In 2012, Mifal HaPais's annual revenue was estimated at ₪5,000,000,000 a year.
Pioneer Telephone Cooperative (Oregon)
Pioneer Telephone Cooperative is a cooperatively owned telecommunications business that provides telephone service in a 1,330-square-mile (3,400 km2) region of western Oregon, including parts of four counties. The company has offices in Waldport and Philomath.

Philomath, Oregon
Philomath (/fɪˈloʊmɪθ/ fi-LOH-mith) is a city in Benton County, Oregon, United States. It was named for Philomath (Greek, "love of learning") College. The population was 5,838 as of the 2023 census population estimates. It is part of the Corvallis Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Lankalakoderu Halt railway station
Lankalakoderu Halt railway station (station code: LKDU) is situated on Narasapuram –Bhimavaram branch railway between Veeravasaram and Chinthaparru stations. It is close to National Highway 216 and is a walkable distance from Areas Bhageswaram-Poolapalli located on NH 216. This railway station is administered under Vijayawada railway division of South Coast Railway Zone.

Narasapuram
Narasapuram is a town in West Godavari district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is a municipality and mandal headquarters of Narasapuram Mandal in Narasapuram revenue division. The city is situated on the banks of the Vasista Godavari River. The lace industry is prevalent in the city and its surroundings.
Michael Tshele
Michael Tshele, also known as Bra Mike and Shadow (c. 1950 – 13 January 2014), was a South African freelance photographer and community activist who was known for his contributions to the online newspaper Kormorant and Leseding News. Tshele was killed along with three others while reporting on a protest over water in Mothutlung near Brits, North West province, South Africa, during the post-apartheid era.

North West (South African province)
North West (Afrikaans: Noord-Wes [nuərtˈvɛs]; Tswana: Bokone Bophirima) is a province of South Africa. Its capital is Mahikeng. The province is located to the west of the major population centre and province of Gauteng, to the south of the country of Botswana, and southwest of the northernmost province of Limpopo.
Pranam Khareedu
Pranam Khareedu (transl. Cost of Life) is a 1978 Indian Telugu-language film directed by K. Vasu. It starred Jayasudha, Rao Gopal Rao, Chandra Mohan, Chiranjeevi, Mahasweta Ray, and Madhavi in a guest appearance. The film released on 22 September 1978. The film is based on a play written by C. S. Rao. It is the debut film for character actor Kota Srinivasa Rao. Chiranjeevi started his film career with Punadhirallu. However, his first released film was Pranam Khareedu.

K. Vasu
Kolli Srinavasa Rao (7 January 1951 – 26 May 2023), known professionally as K. Vasu, was an Indian film director and screenwriter, who worked in Telugu cinema. Son of K. Pratyagatma, an Indian film journalist, director and producer known for his works in Telugu and Hindi cinema.

Vasu died in Hyderabad on 26 May 2023, at the age of 72.
2008 Chatham Cup
The 2008 Chatham Cup is the New Zealand's 81st knockout football competition. The final was played on 13 September at North Harbour Stadium, North Shore.

In all, 132 teams took part in the 2008 competition. Note: there is some confusion as to the round numbers. Some publications list a preliminary round, a qualification round, and four rounds proper before quarter-finals, semi-finals, and a final; others list a preliminary round and five rounds before the quarter-finals. the latter numbering system is used in this article.

The 2008 competition's final rounds were unusual for two reasons: only one of the four semi-finalists had ever previously reached the semi-finals (Dunedin Technical - the only team to have done so - won the cup in 1999), and two South Island teams reached the semi-finals for the first time since 1995. A change of venue for the final was mooted - possibly to Christchurch - had both finalists been South Island teams.

North Harbour Stadium
North Harbour Stadium is a stadium situated in Albany, in North Shore City, New Zealand. It was opened in 1997, after nearly a decade of discussion, planning and construction. Rugby union, association football, rugby league, and baseball are all played on the main ground. The neighbouring oval plays host to the senior cricket matches. The stadium also hosts large open-air concerts.
Chemical ligation
Chemical ligation is the chemoselective condensation of unprotected peptide segments enabled by the formation of a non-native bond at the ligation site.

Chemical ligation is usually carried out in aqueous solution. Multiple consecutive chemical ligation reactions can be used to make proteins of the typical size found in nature, i.e. with polypeptide chains containing 200–300 amino acids, produced by total synthesis.

Peptide bond
In organic chemistry, a peptide bond is an amide type of covalent chemical bond linking two consecutive alpha-amino acids from C1 (carbon number one) of one alpha-amino acid and N2 (nitrogen number two) of another, along a peptide or protein chain.

It can also be called a eupeptide bond to distinguish it from an isopeptide bond, which is another type of amide bond between two amino acids.
Eptatretus goliath
Eptatretus goliath, also known as the goliath hagfish, is the largest species of hagfish. It is native to the subtropical coast of the Northern island of New Zealand in marine benthic habitats. It is found at depths of around 811 meters. The scientific name "goliath" comes from the biblical character Goliath of Gath, a large Philistine warrior who was killed by David.

The holotype specimen was an adult female found at a depth of 811 meters at the head of the Hauraki canyon. It measured 1,275 millimeters and had dozens of small eggs attached to the body wall. The holotype had a weight of 6.2 kilograms. This species has 7 pairs of gill pouches, 3 multicusps in the anterior and posterior rows and an eel like body.

Goliath
Goliath (/ɡə.ˈlaɪ.əθ/ gə-LY-əth) is a Philistine warrior of giant stature who plays a pivotal role in the origin of King David in the Book of Samuel. According to 1 Samuel, Goliath challenges the Israelites to best him in single combat. David, then a young shepherd, takes up the challenge and kills Goliath with a stone slung from a sling. The narrative signifies King Saul's unfitness to rule for not taking up the giant's challenge himself.

The phrase "David and Goliath" has taken on a more popular meaning denoting an underdog situation, a contest wherein a smaller, weaker opponent faces a much bigger, stronger adversary. Some modern scholars now believe that the original slayer of Goliath in the text may have been Elhanan, son of Jair, who features in 2 Samuel 21:19, in which Elhanan kills Goliath the Gittite, and that the authors of the Deuteronomistic history changed the original text to credit the victory to the more famous figure of David.
Ciza
Nkululeko Nciza (born 23 August 2001), known professionally as Ciza, is a South African musician. He was born in Benoni, Gauteng, South Africa, and is the eldest son of TK Nciza, a former record label executive, and Nhlanhla Mafu, lead vocalist of the Afro-pop group Mafikizolo. Raised in a musically inclined household, Ciza was exposed to the entertainment industry early. He began writing and composing music at 15.

Benoni, South Africa
Benoni is a town on the East Rand, Gauteng, South Africa, some 26 kilometres (16 mi) east of Johannesburg, within the City of Ekurhuleni municipality.

Benoni was also the setting for the MTV-inspired movie Crazy Monkey: Straight Outta Benoni, released internationally in 2005.
Carlsfjella
Carlsfjella is a mountain ridge in Oscar II Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. The ridge has a length of 14 kilometers, is located between St. Jonsfjorden and Løvenskioldfonna, and includes Valentinryggen, Patronen, Knausen and Haraldfjellet.  The ridge is named after land owner Carl Otto Løvenskiold.

Løvenskioldfonna
Løvenskioldfonna is an icecap in Oscar II Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. The glaciated area is about ten kilometers long and six kilometer wide, and is located north of St. Jonsfjorden, reaching an altitude of above 500 m. It is named after land owner Carl Otto Løvenskiold. The glacier of Dahlbreen extends from Løvenskioldfonna to Forlandsundet.
Wild Horses (Birdy song)
"Wild Horses" is a song by English recording artist Birdy from her third studio album, Beautiful Lies (2016). It was released for digital download on 11 March 2016 in the United Kingdom, as the second single from the album. The song was written by Birdy and John McDaid and produced by TMS and Phil Cook.

TMS (production team)
TMS are an English songwriting and record production team composed of Benjamin Kohn and Pete 'Merf' Kelleher. Tom 'Froe' Barnes was a member until early 2025. The duo have co-written records for a host of artists including Lewis Capaldi, Dua Lipa, Maroon 5, John Legend, David Guetta, Alicia Keys, and Raye. They have collectively had twenty top 10 singles, sold over 15 million records, accumulated over 5 billion streams and have contributed to over fifty top 40 albums. They co-wrote and produced Lewis Capaldi's "Someone You Loved" which spent seven consecutive weeks at number one and was the best selling single of 2019 in the UK. The song was nominated for Song of the Year at the 63rd annual Grammy Awards and won Song of the Year at the 2020 Brit Awards.
The Dragon from Russia
The Dragon from Russia is a 1990 Hong Kong martial arts action film directed by Clarence Fok and based on the Japanese manga Crying Freeman and written by Kazuo Koike and Ryoichi Ikegami, and also produced by Dean Shek, and starring Sam Hui, Maggie Cheung, Nina Li Chi, Carrie Ng, Loletta Lee and guest starring Shek in his second-to-last film appearance before retiring from acting in two years later.

Clarence Fok
Clarence Fok Yiu-leung (Chinese: 霍耀良; Jyutping: fok3 jiu6 loeng4; 10 June 1955 – 1 February 2024) was a Hong Kong film director and actor. He was perhaps best known for directing the international cult classic Naked Killer (1992).