hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pinafore Moraine
Pinafore Moraine (76°53′S 159°26′E﻿ / ﻿76.883°S 159.433°E﻿ / -76.883; 159.433) is a sheet of moraine which extends northeastward from Carapace Nunatak, in Oates Land. Reconnoitered by the New Zealand Antarctic Research Program (NZARP) Allan Hills Expedition (1964). The name is descriptive.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Pinafore Moraine". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Carapace Nunatak
Carapace Nunatak (76°53′S 159°24′E﻿ / ﻿76.883°S 159.400°E﻿ / -76.883; 159.400) is a prominent isolated nunatak, the most westerly near the head of Mackay Glacier in Victoria Land, standing 8 nautical miles (15 km) southwest of Mount Brooke where it is visible for a considerable distance from many directions. It was so named by the New Zealand party of the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition (1956–1958) because of the fossil carapaces of small crustaceans found in the exposed rocks.
1880 in birding and ornithology
The year 1880 in birding and ornithology.

Birds described in 1880  include  Rufous-fronted parakeet, Racket-tailed roller,  Buff-bellied mannikin, Orange-crested manakin, Pale-billed sicklebill, Waigeo brushturkey,  Ashambu laughingthrush, Eastern violet-backed sunbird, Black bishop.

Buff-bellied mannikin
The buff-bellied mannikin (Lonchura melaena), also known as the sooty munia or Bismarck munia, is a species of estrildid finch found in New Britain and Buka Island. It has an estimated global extent of occurrence of 20,000 to 50,000 km2.

It is found in subtropical and tropical dry grassland habitat. The status of the species is evaluated as Least Concern.
Architects & Engineers for 9/11 Truth
Architects & Engineers for 9/11 Truth, Inc. (AE911Truth) is an American non-profit organization promoting the conspiracy theory that the World Trade Center was destroyed in a controlled demolition, disputing accepted conclusions around the September 11 attacks, including the 9/11 Commission Report, as well as FEMA's "WTC Building Performance Study" (2002). Their claims and theories lack support among the relevant professional communities.

9/11 Commission Report
The 9/11 Commission Report, officially the Final Report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States, is the official report into the events leading up to the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. It was prepared by the 9/11 Commission, chaired by former New Jersey governor Thomas Kean, at the request of U.S. president George W. Bush and Congress.

The commission was established on November 27, 2002, 442 days after the September 11 attacks. The report, which is 585 pages in length, was originally scheduled for release on May 27, 2004, but Speaker of the House Dennis Hastert approved the commission's request for a sixty-day extension through July 26. The report was released on July 22, 2004, immediately to the public, and remains available for sale or free download.
Fishertown, Pennsylvania
Fishertown is an unincorporated community in Bedford County, Pennsylvania, United States. The community is located along Pennsylvania Route 56, 8.3 miles (13.4 km) northwest of Bedford. Fishertown has a post office, with ZIP code 15539.

Pennsylvania Route 56
Pennsylvania Route 56 (PA 56) is a 108-mile-long (174 km) state highway that is located in west central Pennsylvania in the United States.

Its western terminus is situated at the eastern end of the C.L. Schmitt Bridge in New Kensington. Its eastern terminus is located on U.S. Route 30 (US 30) west of Bedford.
Hedylidae
Hedylidae, the "American moth-butterflies", is a family of insects in the order Lepidoptera, formerly representing the superfamily Hedyloidea. They have traditionally been viewed as an extant sister group of the butterfly superfamily Papilionoidea, but a 2014 phylogenetic analysis has suggested Hedylidae is a subgroup of Papilionoidea, and not a sister group, and are more accurately referred to as butterflies rather than moths. They are represented by a single Neotropical genus, Macrosoma, with 35 currently recognized species.

Melastomataceae
Melastomataceae (/mɛləstoʊmɑːˈteɪsiˌaɪ, -siːˌiː/) is a family of dicotyledonous flowering plants found mostly in the tropics (two-thirds of the genera are from the New World tropics) comprising c. 175 genera and c. 5115 known species. Melastomes are annual or perennial herbs, shrubs, or small trees.
Champion (Bethel Music and Dante Bowe song)
"Champion" is a song by Bethel Music and Dante Bowe, which was released as the fourth single from Bethel Music's twelfth live album, Revival's in the Air (2020), on July 17, 2020. The song was written by Brandon Lake, Dante Bowe, Jonathan Jay, Steffany Gretzinger, and Tony Brown. Chuck Butler handled the production of the single.

Steffany Gretzinger
Steffany Dawn Gretzinger (née Frizzell; born November 8, 1984) is an American music singer-songwriter and former ensemble vocalist with Bethel Music, based in Franklin, Tennessee. She released her first solo album, The Undoing, with Bethel Music in 2014. The album was a Billboard magazine breakthrough release, reaching number twenty on the Billboard 200, and also gained top five status among Top Christian and Independent albums in September 2014. Steffany is married to Stephen Gretzinger, and they have a daughter, Wonder Grace, and a son, Wilder Justice.
Kieran Buchanan
Kieran Buchanan (born 26 January 1999) is a Scotland international rugby league footballer who plays as a centre, winger or fullback for the York Knights in the Championship.

He has previously played for Hull F.C. in the Super League and spent time on loan from Hull at Doncaster in League 1.

RFL League One
The Rugby Football League's League One (known as the Betfred League One) was the third-highest division of rugby league in Britain. It was also the lowest level of professional rugby league in Britain.

Introduced in 2003 as National League 2 it was the first time British rugby league had a third tier since the old Third and Second Divisions merged  in 1998. The league was rebranded as Championship 1 in 2009, then League 1 in 2015, and League One in 2022.

The league was disbanded at the conclusion of 2025 due to the merger of the Championship and League One for the 2026 season.
Cesny-Bois-Halbout
Cesny-Bois-Halbout (French pronunciation: [sɛni bwa albu] ⓘ) is a former commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune of Cesny-les-Sources.

Calvados (department)
Calvados (UK: /ˈkælvədɒs/, US: /-doʊs, ˌkælvəˈdoʊs, ˌkɑːlvəˈ-/; French: [kalvados] ⓘ) is a department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. It takes its name from a cluster of rocks off the Normandy coast. In 2019, it had a population of 694,905.
Gleb Vseslavich
Gleb Vseslavich (died September 13, 1119) was the prince of Minsk between 1101 and 1119. During his reign, Minsk was at war with Kiev and Polotsk. He was the son of Vseslav of Polotsk and founded the Minsk branch of Rurikids.

Polotsk
Polotsk or Polatsk is a town in Vitebsk Region, Belarus. It is situated on the Dvina River and serves as the administrative center of Polotsk District. Polotsk is served by Polotsk Airport and Borovitsy air base. As of 2025, it has a population of 79,285.
Ljungberg Museum
56°49′48.10″N 13°56′25.25″E﻿ / ﻿56.8300278°N 13.9403472°E﻿ / 56.8300278; 13.9403472

Ljungberg Museum (Swedish: Ljungbergmuseet) is a museum located in Ljungby, Sweden, and is Kronoberg County's official museum of visual art.

The museum is located in Ljungby city center next to the former home and atelier of Sven Ljungberg (1913–2010) and Ann Margret Dahlquist-Ljungberg (1942-2002). Some of the permanent exhibitions are dedicated to their works. The museum was designed by their son, architect Pontus Ljungberg, and was built in stages between 1990 and 2002.

The foundation Sven och Ann Margret Ljungbergs Stiftelse was created in 1989 with the purpose of constructing a picture warehouse, but the idea was soon transformed into a museum instead. The museum was inaugurated by the then current minister of culture Bengt Göransson. In 2012 it became the official visual art museum for Kronoberg County.

Kronoberg County
Kronoberg County (IPA: [ˈkrûːnʊˌbærj]; Swedish: Kronobergs län) is a county or län in southern Sweden. Kronoberg is one of three counties in the province of Småland. It borders the counties of Skåne, Halland, Jönköping, Kalmar, and Blekinge. Its capital is the city of Växjö. While Kronoberg is an inland county, the southernmost fringes are about 20 kilometres (12 mi) from the coastline.
Tatajachura
Tatajachura is a stratovolcano in Chile, in the Isluga National Park.

During the Pliocene and Pleistocene it erupted lava flows of andesitic composition and has a crater that opens westwards. The volcano is also the source of the Quebrada de Chiapa valley, and of an Inca ruin on the summit; human sacrifices were performed at the mountain to obtain a reliable water supply.

The age of eruptive activity is unclear; while the appearance of the edifice suggests a lower Pliocene age, its position in the Precordillera and atop an older plain suggests it may be older than that. Potassium-argon dating has yielded one age, 6 ± 1.3 million years ago.

Volcán Isluga National Park
Volcán Isluga National Park (Spanish pronunciation: [isˈluɣa]) is in the Andes, in the Tarapacá Region of Chile, near Colchane and south of Lauca Biosphere Reserve. It covers 1,747 square kilometres (675 mi2), with elevations ranging between 2,100 and 5,550 metres (6,890 and 18,210 ft).  It is named after Volcán Isluga, which at 5,550 m, is the tallest mountain in this park.
Monoid factorisation
In mathematics, a factorisation of a free monoid is a sequence of subsets of words with the property that every word in the free monoid can be written as a concatenation of elements drawn from the subsets.  The Chen–Fox–Lyndon theorem states that the Lyndon words furnish a factorisation.  The Schützenberger theorem relates the definition in terms of a multiplicative property to an additive property.

Let A∗ be the free monoid on an alphabet A.  Let Xi be a sequence of subsets of A∗ indexed by a totally ordered index set I.  A factorisation of a word w in A∗ is an expression

with  and .  Some authors reverse the order of the inequalities.

Roger Lyndon
Roger Conant Lyndon (December 18, 1917 – June 8, 1988) was an American mathematician, for many years a professor at the University of Michigan. He is known for Lyndon words, the Curtis–Hedlund–Lyndon theorem, Craig–Lyndon interpolation and the Lyndon–Hochschild–Serre spectral sequence.
Deibert
Deibert is a surname of German origin. Notable people with the surname include:

Adam Deibert, American musician and voice actor

Michael Deibert (born 1973), American journalist

Randy Deibert, American politician

Ronald Deibert (born 1964), Canadian professor

Scott Deibert (born 1970), Canadian football player

Scott Deibert
Scott Deibert (born October 2, 1970) is a Canadian former professional football fullback who played eight seasons in the Canadian Football League (CFL) with the Edmonton Eskimos, Winnipeg Blue Bombers and Calgary Stampeders. He was selected by the  Eskimos in the third round of the 1998 CFL draft after playing college football at Minot State University.
Reis Magos River
The Reis Magos River is a river of Espírito Santo state in eastern Brazil. Its basin, of 700 km2, composes the hydrographic region of the Southeast Atlantic, covering the municipalities of Fundão, Ibiraçu, Santa Leopoldina, Santa Teresa and Serra. It is limited to the north by the Riacho river basin, to the south by the River Santa Maria da Vitoria, to the west by the basin of the Doce River and the east by the Atlantic Ocean.

The river's source is in Santa Teresa. The river then crosses Fundão and flows between Praia Grande and Nova Almeida. Its main tributaries of the Fundão are the rivers Carneiro, Timbuí and Piabas. Water transport is only possible for small boats because of the silting process.

The Reis Magos basin has the highest rainfall of Espírito Santo, with an annual rainfall of 1,700mm and a maximum of 2,500mm.

Ibiraçu
Ibiraçu is the name of a municipality in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. It covers 201.25 km2 (77.70 sq mi), and has a population of 12,591 with a population density of 66 inhabitants per square kilometer. 73% of the population resides in urban areas and 27% in rural areas. Ibiraçu borders on the municipalities of João Neiva (N), Santa Teresa (W), Fundão (S). It is located 75 kilometres (47 mi) north of the state capital of Vitória.

The topography of Ibiraçu consists of rolling hills and some mountainous areas. Noted peaks in the municipality include Monte Negro, Morro Encantado, and Morro da Vargem.
Hidden Valley, Indiana
Hidden Valley is a private residential community in Dearborn County, Indiana, United States. For statistical purposes it is a census-designated place (CDP), with a population of 5,387 at the 2010 census, up from 4,417 at the 2000 census.

Residential community
A residential community  is a community, usually a small town or city, that is composed mostly of residents, as opposed to commercial businesses and/or industrial facilities, all three of which are considered to be the three main types of occupants of the typical community.

Residential communities are typically communities that help support more commercial or industrial communities with consumers and workers. That phenomenon is probably because some people prefer not to live in an urban or industrial area, but rather a suburban or rural setting. For that reason, they are also called dormitory towns, bedroom communities, or commuter towns.

An example of residential community would include a small town or city outside a larger city or a large town located near a smaller but more commercially- or industrially-centered town or city, for instance Taitou in Gaocun, Wuqing, and Tianjin, China.
Cuauhtémoc Salgado
Cuauhtémoc Salgado Romero (born 1 March 1965) is a Mexican politician from the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). 
He has been elected to the Chamber of Deputies on two occasions: in the 1997 mid-terms and in the 2009 mid-terms, both times for Guerrero's first district. He has also served as a local deputy in the Congress of Guerrero.

1st federal electoral district of Guerrero
The 1st federal electoral district of Guerrero (Spanish: Distrito electoral federal 01 de Guerrero) is one of the 300 electoral districts into which Mexico is divided for elections to the federal Chamber of Deputies and one of eight such districts in the state of Guerrero.

It elects one deputy to the lower house of Congress for each three-year legislative period by means of the first-past-the-post system. Votes cast in the district also count towards the calculation of proportional representation ("plurinominal") deputies elected from the fourth region.

The current member for the district, elected in the 2024 general election, is Celeste Mora Eguiluz of the National Regeneration Movement (Morena).
Yumil-gwa
Yumil-gwa (Korean: 유밀과; Hanja: 油蜜菓) is a variety of hangwa, a traditional Korean confection. Different varieties of yumil-gwa can be made by combining a wheat flour dough with various ingredients such as: honey, cooking oil, cinnamon powder, nuts, ginger juice, jujube, and cheongju (rice wine).

Nut (fruit)
A nut is a fruit consisting of a hard or tough nutshell protecting a kernel which is usually edible. In general usage and in a culinary sense, many dry seeds are called nuts, but in a botanical context, "nut" implies that the shell does not open to release the seed (indehiscent).

Most seeds come from fruits that naturally free themselves from the shell, but this is not the case in nuts such as hazelnuts, chestnuts, and acorns, which have hard shell walls and originate from a compound ovary.
Hot-wire barretter
The hot-wire barretter was a demodulating detector, invented in 1902 by Reginald Fessenden, that found limited use in early radio receivers. In effect, it was a highly sensitive thermoresistor, which could demodulate amplitude-modulated signals, something that the coherer (the standard detector of the time) could not do.

The first device used to demodulate amplitude modulated signals, it was later superseded by the electrolytic detector, also generally attributed to Fessenden. The barretter principle is still used as a detector for microwave radiation, similar to a bolometer.

Demodulation
Demodulation is the process of extracting the original information-bearing signal from a carrier wave. A demodulator is an electronic circuit (or computer program in a software-defined radio) that is used to recover the information content from the modulated carrier wave. There are many types of signal modulation, and there are many types of demodulators. The signal output from a demodulator may represent sound (an analog audio signal), images (an analog video signal) or binary data (a digital signal).

These terms are traditionally used in connection with radio receivers, but many other systems use many kinds of demodulators. For example, in a modem, which is a contraction of the terms modulator/demodulator, a demodulator is used to extract a serial digital data stream from a carrier signal which is used to carry it through a telephone line, coaxial cable, or optical fiber.
Machowino-Kolonia
Machowino-Kolonia [maxɔˈvinɔ kɔˈlɔɲa zaˈxɔdɲa] is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Ustka, within Słupsk County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) south-east of Ustka, 11 km (7 mi) north of Słupsk, and 110 km (68 mi) west of the regional capital Gdańsk.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

Gmina Ustka
Gmina Ustka is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Słupsk County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the town of Ustka, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.

The gmina covers an area of 218.1 square kilometres (84.2 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 7,335.
Colorado Crew
Colorado Crew is the collegiate sports club that represents the University of Colorado–Boulder in rowing at a national level. The program was founded in the fall of 1992 by two transfer students from the University of San Diego. Since its founding, the team, in terms of membership and funding, has established itself as one of the largest club sports at the University of Colorado. The men's and women's programs compete in the American Collegiate Rowing Association (ACRA).

University of San Diego
The University of San Diego (USD) is a private Catholic research university in San Diego, California, United States. Chartered in 1949 as the independent San Diego College for Women and San Diego University (comprising the College for Men and School of Law), the two institutions merged in 1972.

The university includes the College of Arts and Sciences, Hahn School of Nursing and Health Science, Joan B. Kroc School of Peace Studies, Division of Professional and Continuing Education, Knauss School of Business, School of Law, School of Leadership and Education Services (SOLES), and the Shiley-Marcos School of Engineering.

USD has 89 undergraduate and graduate programs, and enrolls approximately 9,073 undergraduate, paralegal, graduate and law students. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity". The San Diego Toreros compete in NCAA Division I (FCS) as a member of the West Coast Conference.
An Island in the Moon
An Island in the Moon is the name generally assigned to an untitled, unfinished prose satire by William Blake, written in late 1784. Containing early versions of three poems later included in Songs of Innocence (1789) and satirising the "contrived and empty productions of the contemporary culture", An Island demonstrates Blake's increasing dissatisfaction with convention and his developing interest in prophetic modes of expression. Referred to by William Butler Yeats and E. J. Ellis as "Blake's first true symbolic book," it also includes a partial description of Blake's soon-to-be-realised method of illuminated printing. The piece was unpublished during Blake's lifetime, and survives only in a single manuscript copy, residing in the Fitzwilliam Museum, in the University of Cambridge.

Fitzwilliam Museum
The Fitzwilliam Museum is the art and antiquities museum of the University of Cambridge. It is located on Trumpington Street opposite Fitzwilliam Street in central Cambridge. It was founded in 1816 under the will of Richard FitzWilliam, 7th Viscount FitzWilliam (1745–1816), and comprises one of the best collections of antiquities and modern art in western Europe. With over half a million objects and artworks in its collections, the displays in the museum explore world history and art from antiquity to the present. The treasures of the museum include artworks by Monet, Picasso, Rubens, Vincent van Gogh, Renoir, Rembrandt, Cézanne, Van Dyck, and Canaletto, as well as a winged bas-relief from Nimrud. Admission to the public is always free.

The museum is a partner in the University of Cambridge Museums consortium, one of 16 Major Partner Museum services funded by Arts Council England to lead the development of the museums sector.
Mihai Răduț
Mihai Cosmin Răduț (born 18 March 1990) is a Romanian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder.

Răduț started out at Internațional Curtea de Argeș in 2009, and one year later earned a transfer to Steaua București. He also represented Pandurii Târgu Jiu, Astra Giurgiu and Voluntari in his native country, while abroad he featured for Hatta Club, Lech Poznań and Aris Limassol.

Internationally, Răduț made his full debut for Romania in a 2–3 friendly loss to Ukraine in May 2010.

Hatta Club
Hatta Club is a sports club based in Hatta in the Emirate of Dubai, UAE, founded in 1981. It is most widely known for its professional football team, which currently plays in the UAE Division One. Founded in 1981, the club’s football team plays its home matches at the Hamdan Bin Rashid Stadium, which has a capacity of 5,000 spectators.  Nicknamed the “Tornado,” Hatta FC has experienced fluctuating fortunes in UAE football. They secured the UAE Division One title twice, in the 2015–16 and 2022–23 seasons, earning promotion to the UAE Pro League on both occasions.  However, the 2023–24 season proved challenging, as the club finished 14th and was relegated back to the First Division.  Notably, during that season, Hatta FC suffered a record 10–0 defeat to Shabab Al-Ahli, marking the largest margin in Emirates Pro League history.  Despite these setbacks, Hatta FC remains a significant presence in Emirati football, striving to return to the top tier.
Rumen
The rumen, also known as a paunch, is the largest stomach compartment in ruminants. The rumen and the reticulum make up the reticulorumen in ruminant animals. The diverse microbial communities in the rumen allows it to serve as the primary site for microbial fermentation of ingested feed, which is often fiber-rich roughage typically indigestible by mammalian digestive systems. The rumen is known for containing unique microbial networks within its multiple sac compartments to break down nutrients into usable energy and fatty acids.

Fermentation in food processing
In food processing, fermentation is the conversion of carbohydrates to alcohol or organic acids using microorganisms—yeasts or bacteria—without an oxidizing agent being used in the reaction. Fermentation usually implies that the action of microorganisms is desired. The science of fermentation is known as zymology or zymurgy.

The term "fermentation" sometimes refers specifically to the chemical conversion of sugars into ethanol, producing alcoholic drinks such as wine, beer, and cider. However, similar processes take place in the leavening of bread (CO2 produced by yeast activity), and in the preservation of sour foods with the production of lactic acid, such as in sauerkraut and yogurt.

Other widely consumed fermented foods include vinegar, olives, and cheese. More localized foods prepared by fermentation may also be based on beans, grain, vegetables, fruit, honey, dairy products, and fish.