hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Family of curves
In geometry, a family of curves is a set of curves, each of which is given by a function or parametrization in which one or more of the parameters is variable. In general, the parameter(s) influence the shape of the curve in a way that is more complicated than a simple linear transformation. Sets of curves given by an implicit relation may also represent families of curves.

Families of curves appear frequently in solutions of differential equations; when an additive constant of integration is introduced, it will usually be manipulated algebraically until it no longer represents a simple linear transformation.

Families of curves may also arise in other areas. For example, all non-degenerate conic sections can be represented using a single polar equation with one parameter, the eccentricity of the curve:

as the value of e changes, the appearance of the curve varies in a relatively complicated way.

Constant of integration
In calculus, the constant of integration, often denoted by  (or ), is a constant term added to an antiderivative of a function  to indicate that the indefinite integral of  (i.e., the set of all antiderivatives of ), on a connected domain, is only defined up to an additive constant. This constant expresses an ambiguity inherent in the construction of antiderivatives.

More specifically, if a function  is defined on an interval, and  is an antiderivative of  then the set of all antiderivatives of  is given by the functions  where  is an arbitrary constant (meaning that any value of  would make  a valid antiderivative). For that reason, the indefinite integral is often written as  although the constant of integration might be sometimes omitted in lists of integrals for simplicity.
Arthur Squires
Arthur M. Squires (21 March 1916 – 18 May 2012) was a chemical engineer and member of the Manhattan Project. He was later on the chemical engineering faculties of the City College of New York and Virginia Tech.

He was a native of Neodesha, Kansas, and died at Blacksburg, Virginia. His first degree was from the University of Missouri; his PhD, in physical chemistry, was awarded by Cornell University.

He also wrote several books, including The Tender Ship, which defends his thesis that governments are usually incompetent managers of technology projects.

Squires's papers are held at Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives.

Blacksburg, Virginia
Blacksburg is an incorporated town in Montgomery County, Virginia, United States, with a population of 44,826 at the 2020 census. Blacksburg and the surrounding county is dominated economically and demographically by the presence of Virginia Tech.

Blacksburg, Christiansburg, and the city of Radford are the three principal jurisdictions of the Blacksburg-Christiansburg metropolitan area, which encompasses those jurisdictions and all of Montgomery, Pulaski, and Giles counties for statistical purposes. The MSA has an estimated population of 181,863 and is currently one of the faster-growing MSAs in Virginia.
Afcons Infrastructure
Afcons Infrastructure Limited is an Indian multinational construction and engineering company based in Mumbai. The company is involved in infrastructure EPC projects such as bridges, flyovers, metros, railway lines, tunnels, highways, ports and marine works, barrages, and oil and gas structures. It has been a part of the Shapoorji Pallonji Group since 2000.

Engineering, procurement, and construction
Engineering, procurement, and construction (EPC) contracts (a type of turnkey contract) are a form of contract used to undertake construction works by the private sector on large-scale and complex infrastructure projects. They may follow a Front-End Engineering and Design (FEED) contract.
Leucopogon darlingensis
Leucopogon darlingensis is a species of flowering plant in the heath family Ericaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is an erect shrub with hairy young branchlets, spirally arranged, linear, oblong, narrowly elliptic or narrowly egg-shaped leaves and white, bell-shaped flowers arranged in upper leaf axils and at the ends of branches.

Ericaceae
The Ericaceae (/ˌɛrɪˈkeɪsi.aɪ, -iː/) are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the heath or heather family, found most commonly in acidic and infertile growing conditions. The family is large, with about 4,250 known species spread across 124 genera, making it the 14th most speciose family of flowering plants. The many well known and economically important members of the Ericaceae include the cranberry, blueberry, huckleberry, rhododendron (including azaleas), and various common heaths and heathers (Erica, Cassiope, Daboecia, and Calluna for example).
2014 Hong Kong Women's Sevens
The 2014 Hong Kong Women's Sevens was the 17th edition of the tournament. The competition was held on 28 March at the Hong Kong Football Club. 12 teams including hosts, Hong Kong, competed at the tournament; with Kenya making their debut as the 37th international team to take part in the event.

Canada defeated France in the final to win the tournament.

Hong Kong Football Club
Hong Kong Football Club (HKFC; Chinese: 香港足球會), established in 1886, is a private members' club in Hong Kong. The name reflects its origins as a club for playing association football and rugby.

Situated in Happy Valley, the club's facilities are located adjacent to the Happy Valley Racecourse. The 2,750-capacity Hong Kong Football Club Stadium serves as the venue for the club's rugby and football matches and hosts most of the Hong Kong Rugby Union's international fixtures. It is also the venue for the HKFC International Rugby Tens and HKFC International Soccer Sevens tournaments.

The football section currently competes in the Hong Kong Premier League, the top tier of Hong Kong football. Unlike other clubs in the league which are fully professional, HKFC operates on a semi-professional model.
Doc Parker
Harley Park Parker (June 14, 1872 – March 3, 1941) was an American pitcher in Major League Baseball who played from 1893 through 1901 for the Chicago Colts (1893, 1895–1896) and Cincinnati Reds (1901). Listed at 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m), 200 pounds (91 kg), Parker threw and batted right-handed. He was born in Theresa, New York. His younger brother, Jay Parker, also played in the majors.

In a four-season career, Parker posted a 5–8 record with 24 strikeouts and a 5.90 ERA in 18 appearances, including 14 starts, 13 complete games, one shutout, one save, and 134+1⁄3 innings of work. Parker was responsible for one of the worst pitching performances in Major League Baseball history. Playing for the Reds against the Brooklyn Superbas on 21 June 1901, Parker gave up 26 hits in the Superbas' 21–3 win. He umpired in the National League during the 1911 season.

Parker died in Chicago, at the age of 68.

History of the Chicago Cubs
The following is a franchise history of the Chicago Cubs of Major League Baseball, a charter member of the National League who started play in the National Association of Base Ball Players in 1870 as the Chicago White Stockings, before joining the National Association in 1871. The Chicago National League Ball Club is the only franchise to play continuously in the same city since the formation of the National League in 1876. They are the earliest formed active professional sports club in North America, predating the team now known as the Atlanta Braves by one year. In their early history, they were called the White Stockings, Orphans, Infants, Remnants and Colts by the press before officially becoming the "Cubs" in 1903.
Chasmatophyllum
Chasmatophyllum is a genus of succulent plants native to South Africa (Cape Provinces, Free State, and Northern Provinces), Lesotho, and Namibia in southern Africa.

The genus contains seven accepted species:

Chasmatophyllum braunsii Schwantes

Chasmatophyllum maninum L.Bolus

Chasmatophyllum musculinum (Haw.) Dinter & Schwantes

Chasmatophyllum nelli Schwantes

Chasmatophyllum rouxii L.Bolus

Chasmatophyllum stanleyi (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann

Chasmatophyllum willowmorense (L.Bolus) L.Bolus

The Red List of South African plants at the South African National Biodiversity Institute lists the conservation status of musculinum, nelli, stanleyi, and verdoorniae as being of least concern. The population of willowmorense is restricted in area, but stable, and there is insufficient information to assess the remaining three species.

Cape Provinces
The Cape Provinces of South Africa is a biogeographical area used in the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD). It is part of the WGSRPD region 27 Southern Africa. The area has the code "CPP". It includes the South African provinces of the Eastern Cape, the Northern Cape and the Western Cape, together making up most of the former Cape Province.

The area includes the Cape Floristic Region, the smallest of the six recognised floral kingdoms of the world, an area of extraordinarily high diversity and endemism, home to more than 9,000 vascular plant species, of which 69 percent are endemic.
Mian Dowhan-e Sofla
Mian Dowhan-e Sofla (Persian: مياندوهان سفلي, also Romanized as Mīān Dowhān-e Soflá; also known as Mīān Dahān-e Soflá) is a village in Bazoft Rural District, Bazoft District, Kuhrang County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 94, in 22 families. The village is populated by Lurs.

Lurs
The Lurs, Lors or Luris (Persian: لر) are an Iranian people living in western and southern Iran. The four Luri branches are the Bakhtiari, Mamasani, Kohgiluyeh and Lur proper, who are principally linked by the Luri language.

Lorestan province is named after the Lurs, but not all Lurs live in Lorestan, nor are all the inhabitants of Lorestan ethnic Lurs. Many Lurs live in other provinces of Iran including Fars, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, Khuzestan, Hamadan, Isfahan, Tehran southern Ilam province, and Genaveh county in Bushehr province.
KTCT
KTCT (1050 AM) is a commercial radio station licensed to San Mateo, California, and serving the San Francisco Bay Area. It is owned by Cumulus Media and airs a sports radio format as KNBR 1050, a sister station to KNBR and KNBR-FM. In contrast to KNBR-AM-FM having local sports talk and play-by-play most of the day, KTCT is mainly a pass-through for nationally syndicated programming from ESPN Radio. KTCT is also the flagship station for San Jose Earthquakes soccer, Stanford University football, and University of San Francisco men's basketball.

By day, KTCT is powered at 50,000 watts, the maximum for commercial AM stations in the U.S. But because 1050 AM is a clear channel frequency reserved for Class A XEG Monterrey, KTCT reduces power at sunset to 10,000 watts. It uses a directional antenna at all times with a five-tower array. The transmitter is off West Winton Avenue in Hayward, near San Francisco Bay.

Hayward, California
Hayward is a city in Alameda County, California, United States, in the East Bay subregion of the San Francisco Bay Area. With a population of 162,954 as of 2020, Hayward is the sixth largest city in the Bay Area, and the third largest in Alameda County. Hayward was ranked as the 36th most populous municipality in California. It is included in the San Francisco–Oakland–San Jose Metropolitan Statistical Area by the US Census. It is located primarily between Castro Valley, San Leandro and Union City, and lies at the eastern terminus of the San Mateo–Hayward Bridge.
The Real Housewives of Atlanta season 10
The tenth season of The Real Housewives of Atlanta, an American reality television series, broadcast on Bravo, premiered on November 5, 2017, and concluded on April 29, 2018, and was primarily filmed in Atlanta, Georgia. Its executive producers are Steven Weinstock, Glenda Hersh, Lauren Eskelin, Lorraine Haughton-Lawson, Luke Neslage, Anne Swan, Anthony Sylvester, and Andy Cohen.

The Real Housewives of Atlanta focuses on the lives of Nene Leakes, Shereé Whitfield, Kandi Burruss, Cynthia Bailey, Kenya Moore and Porsha Williams.

This season marked the second departure of original housewife Shereè Whitfield. She eventually returned for the show's 14th season. It also marked the first departure of Kenya Moore. She eventually returned for the show’s 12th season.

Cynthia Bailey
Cynthia Denise Bailey (born February 19, 1967) is an American model, reality television personality, podcaster and actress. Born and raised in Alabama, she moved to New York City at the age of 18 to pursue a modeling career. There, she signed a five-year contract with Wilhelmina Models, and subsequently appeared as a model in various magazines and advertising campaigns. She worked as a runway model in Paris and Milan.

Bailey has acted in films, including Without You I'm Nothing (1990) and For Love or Money (1993), and on television programs, such as The Cosby Show. She joined the Bravo reality television show The Real Housewives of Atlanta in 2010. She married Peter Thomas in 2010, and their divorce was finalized in 2017. Her relationship with sportscaster Mike Hill was showcased on The Real Housewives of Atlanta from 2018 until she left the series in 2021.
Edith Hoffmann
Edith Hoffmann (7 December 1888, in Brașov – 6 April 1945, in Budapest) was a Hungarian art historian and silhouette painter, best remembered for her publications of the works of Miklós Barabás and her silhouettes of Mihály Babits, Dezső Kosztolányi, and Sándor Sík. A graduate of the University of Vienna and the University of Budapest, she worked as a curator at the Hungarian National Museum and the Museum of Fine Arts.

Mihály Babits
Mihály Babits (Hungarian: [ˈmihaːj ˈbɒbit͡ʃ]; 26 November 1883 – 4 August 1941) was a Hungarian poet, writer, essayist, and translator. His poems are well known for their intense religious themes. His novels such as “The Children of Death” (1927) explore psychological problems.
Righteousness
Righteousness is the quality or state of being morally right or justifiable. The concept is rooted in religious or divine law and broadly encompasses moral correctness, justice, and virtuous living as dictated by a higher authority or set of spiritual beliefs. It is found in many religions and traditions, including Buddhism, Christianity, Confucianism, Hinduism, Islam, Jainism, Judaism, Taoism, and Zoroastrianism. It is an attribute that implies that a person's actions are justified and can have the connotation that the person has been "judged" as living a moral life, relative to religious doctrines. Rectitude, often a synonym for righteousness, is about personal moral values and the internal compass that guides an individual’s decisions and actions.

Religious law
Religious law includes ethical and moral codes taught by religious traditions. Examples of religiously derived legal codes include Christian canon law (applicable within a wider theological conception in the church, but in modern times distinct from secular state law), Jewish halakha, Islamic sharia, and Hindu law. In some jurisdictions, religious law may apply only to that religion's adherents; in others, it may be enforced by civil authorities for all residents.
I.E.M. 1996–1999
I.E.M. 1996–1999 is a compilation album from Steven Wilson's side project, the Incredible Expanding Mindfuck. It is a remastered collection of music recorded between 1996–99, and includes the whole of the first album I.E.M., the An Escalator to Christmas EP together with bonus material.

The original 2005 Headphone Dust version marked the first time that the An Escalator to Christmas EP had been available on CD. A subsequent limited edition of 500 copies was issued on white vinyl in 2007 by the ToneFloat label.

The artwork replicates that of the original I.E.M. album.

Headphone Dust
Headphone Dust is an English independent record label founded by the musician Steven Wilson. It's almost entirely focused on releasing Wilson's own music as well as his remixes of other artists. The only exception to this is the Irish band Fovea Hex.
Festa (surname)
Festa is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alberto Festa (born 1939), Portuguese footballer

Chris Festa (born 1985), American race car driver

Costanzo Festa (1495–1545), Italian composer

David Festa (born 2000), American baseball player

Gianluca Festa (born 1969), Italian football manager

Gianluca Festa (politician) (born 1974), Italian politician and basketball player

Giorgio Festa (1860–1940), Italian physician

Marco Festa (born 1992), Italian footballer

Matt Festa (born 1993), American baseball player

Mike Festa (born 1954), American lawyer

Paul Festa, American writer and filmmaker

Sebastiano Festa (1490–1524), Italian composer

Mike Festa
Mike Festa was state director of AARP Massachusetts, based in Boston, from January 2013 to July 2024, which serves 750,000 members age 50+ in the commonwealth.

He had a longstanding law practice in his hometown of Melrose. He is the former President of the Carroll Center for the Blind, located in Newton, Massachusetts. He was also an adjunct professor at Suffolk University, Graduate School of Public Management.  Festa formerly served as the Secretary of Elder Affairs for the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. His resignation as Secretary of Elder Affairs was announced by the Governor's Office on January 31, 2009. He was formerly the state representative for Melrose, Massachusetts and parts of Wakefield, Massachusetts. Festa ran for Middlesex County District Attorney in 2007 but dropped out of the race.
Luisgé Martín
Luis García Martín (born 1962), known as Luisgé Martín, is a Spanish writer. He was born and raised in Madrid, and attended Complutense University. Influenced by Borges and Cortazar, he published his first book of stories in 1989. He has since written more than a dozen works of fiction and non-fiction. His most recent novel Cien noches won the Premio Herralde de Novela in 2020.

Premio Herralde
The Premio Herralde is a Spanish literary prize. It is awarded annually by the publishing house Anagrama to an original novel in the Spanish language. Established in 1983, the prize takes its name from Jorge Herralde, founder of Anagrama. Accompanied by a cash prize, the award is announced every year in November.
Juruti, Pará
Juruti is a municipality in western Pará state, Brazil, on the Amazon River. This is the site of a new giant Alcoa bauxite mine that has changed the face of this previously neglected area.

The city is served by Juruti Airport.

Bauxite
Bauxite (/ˈbɔːksaɪt/ ⓘ) is a sedimentary rock with a relatively high aluminium content. It is the world's main source of aluminium and gallium. Bauxite consists mostly of the aluminium minerals gibbsite (Al(OH)3), boehmite (γ-AlO(OH)), and diaspore (α-AlO(OH)), mixed with the two iron oxides goethite (FeO(OH)) and hematite (Fe2O3), the aluminium clay mineral kaolinite (Al2Si2O5(OH)4) and small amounts of anatase (TiO2) and ilmenite (FeTiO3 or FeO·TiO2).
Bauxite appears dull in luster and is reddish-brown, white, or tan.

In 1821, the French geologist Pierre Berthier discovered bauxite near the village of Les Baux in Provence, southern France, the origin of the name.
4-way
4-way or Fourway can refer to:

an acoustic system containing four loudspeakers

a formation skydiving event, "4-way sequential", that has four members in each team

a Symmetric multiprocessing system with 4 processors

Fourway Athletics, a Hong Kong football team

Four-slide

Four-way switch

4-way stop

Fourway, Virginia (disambiguation)

Formation skydiving
Formation skydiving, traditionally called "relative work" (RW) or "group freefall", is a discipline of sport parachuting where two or more participants intentionally manuever to close proximity with each other in freefall before separating and deploying their parachutes.
Kings Mill Reservoir
Kings Mill Reservoir is situated in Sutton-in-Ashfield, in the Ashfield District of Nottinghamshire, close to the boundary of Mansfield, and adjacent to Kings Mill Hospital. It forms part of the Maun from Source to Vicar Water water body.

Ashfield District
Ashfield (/ˈæʃˌfiːld/) is a local government district in Nottinghamshire, England. The council is based in Kirkby-in-Ashfield, but the largest town is neighbouring Sutton-in-Ashfield. The district also contains the town of Hucknall and a few villages. The district is mostly urban, with some of its settlements forming parts of both the Nottingham and Mansfield Urban Areas.

The neighbouring districts are Mansfield, Newark and Sherwood, Gedling, Nottingham, Broxtowe, Amber Valley and Bolsover.
Boccia at the 2024 Summer Paralympics – Mixed team BC1–2
The mixed team BC1–2 boccia event in the 2024 Summer Paralympics will be played between 2 and 4 September 2024 at the South Paris Arena. 36 athletes from 12 nations, each team containing 3 athletes, will participate in the competition.

The BC1 and BC2 classifications are described as follows:

BC1M/F – Players in this class throw the ball with the hand or foot.  They may compete with an assistant who stays outside the competitor's playing box, to stabilize or adjust their playing chair and give the ball to the player when requested.

BC2M/F – Players in this class throw the ball with the hand. They are not eligible for assistance.

BC1
BC1 is a boccia classification.  The class is open to people with several different types of disabilities, including cerebral palsy.  BC1 players have events open to them in boccia on the Paralympic Games program.
Melanoleuca verrucipes
Melanoleuca verrucipes is a species of fungus in the family Tricholomataceae. It is described as being a "very distinct species with its blackish dotted stipe." It was reportedly first discovered on leaf mulch in Highgate Woods, north London. The edibility of the mushroom is not known with certainty.

Highgate Wood
Highgate Wood is a 28 hectare (70 acre) area  of ancient woodland in North London, lying between East Finchley, Highgate and Muswell Hill. It was originally part of the ancient Forest of Middlesex which covered much of London, Hertfordshire and Essex and was mentioned in the Domesday Book. It lies in the London Borough of Haringey, but is owned and managed by the City of London Corporation.

The London Borough of Haringey contains four ancient woods: Highgate Wood, Queen's Wood, Coldfall Wood and Bluebell Wood. Highgate Wood is shown on the Ordnance Survey map of Middlesex in 1886 more or less in its present formation, but known by the name "Gravelpit Wood".
Putih Sari
Putih Sari (born in Jakarta, 20 July 1984) is an Indonesian politician and legislator. She became a member of the Indonesian Parliament for the Gerindra Party in the national electoral district West Java VII. She was part of Commission IX (health, employment and population) of the DPR.

In May 2020, she condemned the increase of BPJS Kesehatan contributions for non-wage workers by the Jokowi government. She said to increase premiums during the pandemic is not wise, untimely and should be reviewed for alternative ways.

In 2020, she wrote an op-ed warning that the COVID-19 has taken away the focus away from the tuberculosis crisis by diverting emergency wards, resources and health workers to the Covid-19 response. She stated that immediate action is necessary to maintain the existing TB infrastructure. She was reelected for a second term in the 2024 election with 111,118 votes.

Op-ed
An op-ed is a type of written prose that expresses a strong, focused opinion on an issue of relevance to the target audience, and is commonly found in newspapers, magazines, and online publications. Typically ranging from 500 to 700 words, op-eds are distinct from articles written by the publication's editorial board and often feature the opinions of outside contributors.

Op-eds allow authors, not part of the publication's editorial team, to express opinions, perspectives, and arguments on various issues of public interest. Unlike traditional editorials, which reflect the opinion of the publication itself, op-eds offer independent voices a foundation to influence public discourse. The New York Times is widely credited with popularizing the modern op-ed format.