hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Eastern Desert
The Eastern Desert (known archaically as Arabia or the Arabian Desert) is the part of the Sahara Desert that is located east of the Nile River. It spans 223,000 square kilometres (86,000 sq mi) of northeastern Africa and is bordered by the Gulf of Suez and the Red Sea to the east, and the Nile River to the west. It extends through Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, and the Sudan. The Eastern Desert consists of a mountain range which runs parallel to the coast (known as the Red Sea Hills), wide sedimentary plateaus extending from either side of the mountains and the Red Sea coast. The rainfall, climate, vegetation and animal life sustained in the desert varies between these different regions. The Eastern Desert has been a mining site for building materials, as well as precious and semi-precious metals, throughout history. It has historically contained many trade routes leading to and from the Red Sea, including the Suez Canal.

Gulf of Suez
The Gulf of Suez (Arabic: خليج السويس, romanized: khalīǧ as-suwais; formerly بحر القلزم, baḥar al-qulzum, lit. "Sea of Calm") is a gulf at the northern end of the Red Sea, to the west of the Sinai Peninsula. Situated to the east of the Sinai Peninsula is the smaller Gulf of Aqaba. The gulf was formed within a relatively young but now inactive Gulf of Suez Rift rift basin, dating back about 26 million years. It stretches some 300 kilometres (190 mi) north by northwest, terminating at the Egyptian city of Suez and the entrance to the Suez Canal. Along the mid-line of the gulf is the boundary between Africa and Asia. The entrance of the gulf lies atop the mature Gemsa oil and gas field.
The gulf is considered one of the world's important maritime zones due to being an entrance to the Suez Canal.
Arthur William Miller
Arthur William Miller (1854 – September 4, 1934) was a politician in Newfoundland. He represented Trinity in the Newfoundland House of Assembly from 1904 to 1909 as a Liberal.

The son of Samuel Miller and Amy Ivany, he was born in New Bonaventure and was educated there. Miller married Mary Carter. He worked as a commercial traveller and mercantile agent in the Bonavista Bay and Trinity Bay regions. He was defeated when he ran for re-election in 1909. Miller served as superintendent of the Poor Asylum at St. John's from 1920 to 1930. He died at St. John's in 1934.

New Bonaventure
Old Bonaventure is a small outport and harbour in the Trinity Bight area of Trinity Bay that was originally settled by English emigrants seeking a new life in the "New Founde Lande". It had a population of 85 in 1951 and 100 in 1956. Old Bonaventure's recently deepened natural harbour today serves as a point of delivery for a variety of off-shore fishing boats. "Old Bonaventure" was simply "Bonavenute" until the arrival of new settlers or "planters" led to the creation of New Bonaventure which absorbed the newcomers from England in the 19th century.

New Bonaventure is a small fishing community located on the Northeast shore of Trinity Bay, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. It had a population of 73 in 1940 and 61 in 1956. It served as the filming location for scenes in the 2001 film The Shipping News.
Hakala
Hakala is a Finnish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Aki Hakala (born 1979), Finnish drummer

Aleksi Hakala (1886–1959), Finnish politician

Antti Hakala (born 1978), Finnish musician known by his stage name Nopsajalka

Jarmo Hakala (born 1954), Finnish canoeist

Jukka Hakala (born 1977), Finnish footballer

Jyrki Hakala (born 1960), Finnish canoeist

Kalle Hakala (1880–1947), Finnish politician

Marita Hakala, Finnish model

Tommi Hakala (born 1970), Finnish opera singer

Tuomo Hakala (born 1957), Finnish footballer

Vesa Hakala (born 1968), Finnish ski jumper

Yrjö Hakala (1932–2023), Finnish ice hockey player

Vesa Hakala
Vesa Hakala (born 5 December 1968, in Harjavalta) is a Finnish former ski jumper who competed from 1986 to 1994. He won a silver medal in the team large hill at the 1991 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in Val di Fiemme and finished 12th in the individual normal hill at the 1993 championships.

Hakala's best individual career finish was third in the individual large hill in Sapporo in 1990.
Franz Brünnow
Franz Friedrich Ernst Brünnow (18 November 1821 – 20 August 1891) was a German astronomer.

He was the first foreigner to become director of an American observatory, serving as director of Detroit Observatory (at the University of Michigan) from 1854 to 1863.  He played a major role in establishing the study of astronomy in the United States at a time when the only other serious faculty was run by Benjamin Peirce at Harvard University. He introduced the teaching of rigorous German analytical methods and trained a number of students who went on to further American astronomy, including Asaph Hall and James Craig Watson (the latter succeeded him as director of Detroit Observatory). In addition, Charles Augustus Young learned German astronomical methods from Brünnow although he did not attend the University of Michigan.

He succeeded William R Hamilton as Andrews Professor of Astronomy at Trinity College Dublin and Royal Astronomer of Ireland at Dunsink Observatory.

Benjamin Peirce
Benjamin Peirce ForMemRS HonFRSE (/ˈpɜːrs/; April 4, 1809 – October 6, 1880) was an American mathematician who taught at Harvard University for approximately 50 years. He made contributions to celestial mechanics, statistics, number theory, algebra, and the philosophy of mathematics.
Tony Barrow
Anthony F. J. Barrow (11 May 1936 – 14 May 2016) was an English press officer who worked with the Beatles between 1962 and 1968. He coined the phrase "the Fab Four", first using it in an early press release.

Press secretary
A press secretary or press officer is a senior advisor who provides advice on how to deal with the news media and, using news management techniques, helps their employer to maintain a positive public image and avoid negative media coverage.
Anatoli Prudnikov
Anatolii Platonovich Prudnikov (Анатолий Платонович Прудников; 14 January 1927 in Ulyanovsk, Russia – 10 January 1999) was a Russian mathematician.

In 1930 the Prudnikov family moved to Samara, where Anatolii passed his Abitur in 1944. He then studied at the Kuibyshev Aviation Institute for three years and at the Kuibyshev Pedagogical Institute for one year before completing his degree qualifying him as a teacher. In 1968 he received his doctorate under the direction of Vitalii Arsenievich Ditkin with the thesis On a class of integral transforms of Volterra type and some generalizations of operational calculus. With Ditkin, he published several handbooks on integral transforms and operational calculus. Prudnikov's fame derives mainly from the five-volume work "Integrals and Series" (1981–1992), written with Yuri Aleksandrovich Brychkov and Oleg Igorevich Marichev.

Ulyanovsk
Ulyanovsk, known as Simbirsk until 1924, is a city and the administrative center of Ulyanovsk Oblast, Russia, located on the Volga River 705 kilometers (438 mi) east of Moscow. Ulyanovsk has been the only Russian UNESCO City of Literature since 2015.

The city was the birthplace of Vladimir Lenin (born Ulyanov), for whom it was renamed after his death in 1924; and of Alexander Kerensky, the leader of the Russian Provisional Government which Lenin overthrew during the October Revolution of 1917. It is also famous for its writers such as Ivan Goncharov, Nikolay Yazykov and Nikolay Karamzin, and for painters such as Arkady Plastov and Nikas Safronov.
Boscobel, Jamaica
Boscobel is located in St. Mary Parish on the north shore of Jamaica, ten miles east of Ocho Rios. It is home to Ian Fleming International Airport and is located approximately halfway between Montego Bay and Kingston.

Montego Bay
Montego Bay (Jamaican Patois: Mobay or Muhbay) is the capital of the parish of St. James in Jamaica. The city is the fourth most populous urban area in the country, after Kingston, Spanish Town, and Portmore, all of which form the Greater Kingston Metropolitan Area, home to more than half a million people. As a result, Montego Bay is the second-largest anglophone city in the Caribbean, after Kingston.

Montego Bay is a popular tourist destination featuring duty-free shopping, a cruise line terminal and several beaches and resorts. The city is served by the Donald Sangster International Airport, the busiest airport in the Anglophone Caribbean, which is located within the official city limits. The city is enclosed in a watershed, drained by several rivers such as the Montego River. Montego Bay is referred to as "The Second City", "MoBay" or "Bay".
Sporobacterium
Sporobacterium is a Gram-positive, strictly anaerobic and chemoorganotrophic bacterial genus from the family Lachnospiraceae with one known species (Sporobacterium olearium). Sporobacterium olearium produces methanethiol.

Primary nutritional groups
Primary nutritional groups are groups of organisms, divided according to the sources of energy, electrons, and carbon needed for living, growth, and reproduction. The sources of energy can be light or chemical compounds, the source of electrons can be organic or inorganic, and the sources of carbon can also be of organic or inorganic origin..

The terms aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration, and fermentation (substrate-level phosphorylation) do not refer to primary nutritional groups, but simply reflect the different use of possible electron acceptors in particular organisms, such as O2 in aerobic respiration, nitrate (NO−3) or sulfate (SO2−4) in anaerobic respiration, or various metabolic intermediates in fermentation.
Asser Rig
Asser Rig (c. 1078–1151) was a jarl and chieftain from Zealand, Denmark, a son of Skjalm Hvide (before 1045 – c. 1113) and Signe Asbjørnsdatter (c. 1050 – c. 1096). They are sometimes referred to as Asser Rig Skjalmsen Hvide.

Tribal chief
A tribal chief, chieftain, or headman is a political leader of a social group commonly described as a tribe, band, or confederation of tribes. Chiefs’ authority varies widely by society and context, and in many cases depends on consensus and customary legitimacy rather than coercive power. In anthropology, terms such as tribe, chief, and chiefdom have been used in comparative models of sociopolitical organization, but the analytic use of tribe has also been widely criticized as imprecise and historically burdened. In some contemporary states, forms of chiefly authority are formally recognized or regulated by constitutions and statutes.
Los Angeles Christmas Festival
The Los Angeles Christmas Festival was a post-season college football bowl game played at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum in Los Angeles, California, on December 25, 1924, between the USC Trojans and the Missouri Tigers. It was the first and only Festival game ever played, in a time when bowl games were a fairly new concept. It was Missouri's first bowl appearance and USC's second, having last played in the 1923 Rose Bowl.

1924 USC Trojans football team
The 1924 USC Trojans football team represented the University of Southern California (USC) in the 1924 college football season. In their sixth and final year under head coach Gus Henderson, the Trojans compiled a 9–2 record (2–1 against conference opponents), tied for fourth place in the Pacific Coast Conference, and out-scored their opponents by a combined total of 269 to 44.
All This Time (Michelle McManus song)
"All This Time" is a song by Scottish singer Michelle McManus (released under the name Michelle), taken as the lead single from her debut album, The Meaning of Love (2004). Written by Steve Mac, Wayne Hector and Ali Tennant, the single was released in January 2004 by 19, a subsidiary of BMG.

A commercial success for McManus, it debuted atop the national singles charts in both the United Kingdom and her native Scotland and was the sixth-best-selling single of the year in the United Kingdom. As a result, McManus became the first female Scottish recording artist to debut atop the singles charts in the United Kingdom with a debut single.

Scottish Singles and Albums Charts
The Scottish Albums Chart is a chart compiled by the Official Charts Company (OCC) which is based on how physical and digital sales towards the UK Albums Chart fare in Scotland. The official singles chart for Scotland, the Scottish Singles Chart, which was based on how physical and digital sales towards the UK Singles Chart were faring in Scotland has not been published since 20 November 2020.

Since 20 November 2020, only the Scottish Albums Chart has been published by the OCC, and it has been based on physical sales only, with the OCC only publishing the albums chart on their website since 11 December 2020.
Mahapura
Mahapura, about 15 kilometers away from the capital town of Rajasthan (about one kilometer south-east of Jaipur-Ajmer road) is a historical village in Sanganer tehsil of Jaipur district, dedicated to the eminent scholar like Shivanand Goswami (the creator of Magnum Opus Simha sidhhanta Sindhu ) by Amer king Maharaja Bishan Singh. Maharaja had presented him this village as a jagir to mark his acceptance of his discipleship. Mahapura is one of the unique villages of India for many reasons, as many unknown aspects of history and culture are associated with this village.

King Bishan Singh of the erstwhile Amer kingdom had invited him to Amer for getting a Vajpeya Yagna conducted. He also gave the title of Guru to Shivanandji and presented five villages as Guru-Dakshina. Mahapura was also one of these villages- Chimanpura, Harivanshpura, Ramjipura, Ramchandrapura.

Ajmer
Ajmer (pronounced [ədʒmeːr] ⓘ) is a city in the north-western Indian state of Rajasthan. It serves as the administrative headquarters of the Ajmer district and Ajmer division. It lies at the centre of Rajasthan, earning it the nickname the Heart of Rajasthan.

Ajmer is surrounded by the Aravalli Mountains.Ajmer has been a municipality since 1869. Ajmer has been selected as one of the heritage cities for the HRIDAY and Smart City Mission schemes of the Government of India.
Swimming at the 2014 Commonwealth Games – Women's 4 × 100 metre medley relay
The women's 4 × 100 metre medley relay event at the 2014 Commonwealth Games as part of the swimming programme took place on 29 July at the Tollcross International Swimming Centre in Glasgow, Scotland.

The medals were presented by Bruce Robertson, Vice-President of the Commonwealth Games Federation and the quaichs were presented by David Downie, President of Scottish Swimming.

Quaich
A quaich /ˈkweɪx/, archaically quaigh or quoich,  is a special kind of shallow two-handled   drinking cup or bowl of a type traditional in Scotland. It derives from the Scottish Gaelic cuach (Scottish Gaelic pronunciation: [kʰuəx]), meaning a cup.
Commodores 13
Commodores 13 is the tenth studio album (and thirteenth overall, including two greatest-hits compilations and a live album) by the Commodores, released in 1983 on Motown Records. It's also the first album by the band after the departure of Lionel Richie - who began his solo career in 1982 - and the last to feature original guitarist Thomas McClary.

William King (singer)
William King (born January 30, 1949) is an American singer, musician and choreographer. He is a founding member of the Commodores, where he plays trumpet, guitar, synthesizer, flute, and congas/percussion and is the group's choreographer.
Zahara de la Sierra
Zahara de la Sierra is a municipality in the province of Cádiz in the hills of Andalusia, southern Spain. It is perched on a mountain, overlooking a valley and a man-made lake formed by the dam that must be driven over to access the town. It is considered to be one of the pueblos blancos or "white towns" because the overwhelming majority of the buildings are white.

The town was originally a Moorish outpost, overlooking the valley. Due to its position between Ronda and Seville, it was a perfect site for a castle to be built to serve as a fortress in case of attack. The remains of the Moorish castle still exist. It was ruled by Arabs until 1407. It was recaptured by the Emirate of Granada in 1481. This capture gave a pretext to Castile's war against Granada. It was finally captured by Castilian troops under command of Rodrigo Ponce de León, Duke of Cádiz in 1483.

The Garganta Verde canyon is located nearby.

The castle

View in the town

Ronda
Ronda (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈronda]) is a municipality of Spain belonging to the province of Málaga, within the autonomous community of Andalusia.

Its population is about 35,000. Ronda is known for its cliffside location and a deep canyon that carries the Guadalevín River and divides the town. It is one of the towns and villages that are included in the Sierra de las Nieves National Park.
Marisa Brunner
Marisa Brunner is a retired Swiss football goalkeeper, who spent six years of her career playing for SC Freiburg in Germany's Bundesliga before moving to SC Sand where she in 2013 ended her playing career. Previous to her time in Germany she played for Swiss sides FC Aarau and SC LUwin.ch and was named the best Swiss player in 2007 and 2009.

She was the first-choice goalkeeper of the Swiss national team, for which she started to play in 2003.

FC Aarau
FC Aarau is a Swiss professional football club based in Aarau. Founded in 1902, the club competes in the Swiss Challenge League, the second tier of Swiss football after being relegated from the Swiss Super League.
Bezabish
Woizero Bezabish Wolde (died 1870s) was the wife of Sahle Selassie, Negus of Shewa, mother of King Haile Melekot of Shewa, and grandmother of Emperor Menelik II.  She held the districts of Bulga and Yifat as her personal fiefs.  Bezabish would become infamous for betraying her son Haile Melekot by submitting to his opponent Emperor Tewodros II during the latter's forcible re-incorporation of Shewa under the direct rule of the Imperial throne in 1855.

Negus
Negus is the word for "king" in the Ethiopian Semitic languages and a title which was usually bestowed upon a regional ruler by the Negusa Nagast, or "King of Kings," in pre-1974 Ethiopia. The negus is referred to as Al-Najashi (النجاشي) in the Islamic tradition.
Donatiello I
Donatiello I, also known as Mirach's Goblin, is a dwarf spheroidal galaxy in the constellation Andromeda, located between 8.1 and 11.4 million light-years from Earth. It is a possible satellite galaxy of the dwarf lenticular galaxy NGC 404, "Mirach's Ghost", which is situated 60 arcminutes away. It is otherwise one of the most isolated dwarf spheroidal galaxies known, being separated from NGC 404 by around 211,000 light-years. The galaxy is named after its discoverer, amateur astronomer and astrophotographer Giuseppe Donatiello, who sighted the galaxy in a 2016 review of his archival long exposures from 2010 and 2013. Follow-up observations with the Roque de los Muchachos Observatory led to a scientific paper on its discovery being published in December 2018.

Surface brightness
In astronomy, surface brightness (SB) quantifies the apparent brightness or flux density per unit angular area of a spatially extended object such as a galaxy or nebula, or of the night sky background.  An object's surface brightness depends on its surface luminosity density, i.e., its luminosity emitted per unit surface area. In visible and infrared astronomy, surface brightness is often quoted on a magnitude scale, in magnitudes per square arcsecond (MPSAS) in a particular filter band or photometric system.

Measurement of the surface brightnesses of celestial objects is called surface photometry.
Auto Pilen
Pilen S.A. (also known as Auto Pilen) was a Spanish manufacturing company headquartered in Ibi, Alicante, which produced die-cast scale model cars from the 1970s through the mid-1990s mostly in 1:43 scale. A majority of the castings were inherited from French Dinky.

The company was started in the 1960s, diecasting items like colorful metal sailboats and key chains. In the late 1980s, Pilen was apparently bought by AHC of the Netherlands.

Citroën CX
The Citroën CX is a large, front-engined, front-wheel-drive executive car/luxury car manufactured and marketed by Citroën from 1974 to 1991.  Production models were either a standard wheelbase or a stretched, more luxurious, four-door fastback saloon, as well as a station wagon (estate), on the longer wheelbase.  The CX is known for its hydropneumatic self-leveling suspension system (continued and improved from its DS predecessor), and its (at the time) low 0.36 drag coefficient, normally noted as a vehicle's  in French. Restyled as 'CX', the model name underscored this.

Voted the 1975 European Car of the Year, the CX has been described by some enthusiasts as the last "real Citroën" before Peugeot took control of the company in 1976.  The CX was also the final successful model of the "big Citroën" era, dating back to 1934.
Terrestrial ecosystem
Terrestrial ecosystems are ecosystems that are found on land. Examples include tundra, taiga, temperate deciduous forest, tropical rain forest, grassland, deserts.

Terrestrial ecosystems differ from aquatic ecosystems by the predominant presence of soil rather than water at the surface and by the extension of plants above this soil/water surface in terrestrial ecosystems. There is a wide range of water availability among terrestrial ecosystems (including water scarcity in some cases), whereas water is seldom a limiting factor to organisms in aquatic ecosystems. Because water buffers temperature fluctuations, terrestrial ecosystems usually experience greater diurnal and seasonal temperature fluctuations than do aquatic ecosystems in similar climates.

Terrestrial ecosystems are of particular importance especially in meeting Sustainable Development Goal 15 that targets the conservation-restoration and  sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems.

Tundra
In physical geography, a tundra (/ˈtʌndrə, ˈtʊn-/) is a type of biome where tree growth is hindered by frigid temperatures and short growing seasons. There are three regions and associated types of tundra: Arctic, Alpine, and Antarctic.

Tundra vegetation is composed of dwarf shrubs, sedges, grasses, mosses, and lichens. Scattered trees grow in some tundra regions. The ecotone (or ecological boundary region) between the tundra and the forest is known as the tree line or timberline. The tundra soil is rich in nitrogen and phosphorus. The soil also contains large amounts of biomass and decomposed biomass that has been stored as methane and carbon dioxide in the permafrost, making the tundra soil a carbon sink. As global warming heats the ecosystem and causes soil thawing, the permafrost carbon cycle accelerates and releases much of these soil-contained greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, creating a feedback cycle that contributes to climate change.
OCC-1
OCC-1 (overexpressed in colon carcinoma-1) is a protein, which in humans is encoded by the gene C12orf75. The gene is approximately 40,882 bp long and encodes 63 amino acids. OCC-1 is ubiquitously expressed throughout the human body. OCC-1 has shown to be overexpressed in various colon carcinomas.
Novel splice variant of this gene was also detected in various human cancer types; in addition to encoding a novel smaller protein (51 amino acids), OCC-1 gene produces a non-protein coding RNA splice variant lncRNA (called OCC-D variant).

Carcinoma
Carcinoma is a malignancy that develops from epithelial cells. Specifically, a carcinoma is a cancer that begins in a tissue that lines the inner or outer surfaces of the body, and that arises from cells originating in the endodermal, mesodermal or ectodermal germ layer during embryogenesis.

Carcinomas occur when the DNA of a cell is damaged or altered and the cell begins to grow uncontrollably and becomes malignant.

The word is derived from the Greek: καρκίνωμα, romanized: karkinoma, lit. 'sore, ulcer, cancer' (itself derived from karkinos meaning crab).