hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Formula
In science, a formula is a concise way of expressing information symbolically, as in a mathematical formula or a chemical formula. The informal use of the term formula in science refers to the general construct of a relationship between given quantities.

The plural of formula can be either formulas (from the most common English plural noun form) or, under the influence of scientific Latin, formulae (from the original Latin).

Contemporary Latin
Contemporary Latin is the form of the Literary Latin used since the end of the 19th century. Various kinds of contemporary Latin can be distinguished, including the use of Neo-Latin words in taxonomy and in science generally, and the fuller ecclesiastical use in the Catholic Church – but Living, or Spoken, Latin (Latin used as a language in its own right as a full-fledged means of expression) is the primary subject of this article.
Dogmatic Sarcophagus
The Dogmatic Sarcophagus, also known as the "Trinity Sarcophagus"  is an early Christian sarcophagus dating to 320–350, now in the Vatican Museums (Vatican 104). It was discovered in the 19th century during rebuilding works at the basilica di San Paolo fuori le Mura, in Rome, Italy.

Together with the Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus, it one of the most important examples of Christian-Roman sculpture of the Constantinian era. It draws its name from its clear references to the dogmas of the Council of Nicaea (325), in particular to Christ being consubstantial with God the Father, as shown (for example) by the scene of a figure with the appearance of Jesus between Adam and Eve, though whether the figure is to be understood as Christ or God the Father is less clear – the dogmatic point works either way.

First Council of Nicaea
The First Council of Nicaea was a council of Christian bishops convened in the Bithynian city of Nicaea (now İznik, Turkey) by the Roman Emperor Constantine I. The Council of Nicaea met from May until the end of July 325.

This ecumenical council was the first of many efforts to attain consensus in the church through an assembly representing all Christendom. Hosius of Corduba may have presided over its deliberations. Attended by at least 200 bishops, its main accomplishments were the settlement of the Christological issue of the divine nature of God the Son and his relationship to God the Father, the construction of the first part of the Nicene Creed, the mandating of uniform observance of the date of Easter, and the promulgation of early canon law.
Myrotoxin B
Myrotoxin B is a macrocyclic trichothecene first isolated in 1985. It was tested on Swiss mice and found to be very toxic, though not the most toxic of the three toxins that were tested at that time. It has also been isolated from Myrothecium roridum, a pathogen leaf spot that affects mulberry, though it is unknown if it is used as a pathotoxin.

Leaf spot
A leaf spot is a limited, discoloured, diseased area of a leaf that is caused by fungal, bacterial or viral plant diseases, or by injuries from nematodes, insects, environmental factors, toxicity or herbicides. These discoloured spots or lesions often have a centre of necrosis (cell death). Symptoms can overlap across causal agents, however differing signs and symptoms of certain pathogens can lead to the diagnosis of the type of leaf spot disease. Prolonged wet and humid conditions promote leaf spot disease and most pathogens are spread by wind, splashing rain or irrigation that carry the disease to other leaves.
Ragga Bomb
"Ragga Bomb" is a song by American record producer Skrillex, featuring vocals from British jungle music duo Ragga Twins. It was released on March 14, 2014 as part of Skrillex's debut studio album Recess (2014). It entered the Flanders Ultratip 100 at number 75. An EP entitled Ease My Mind v Ragga Bomb Remixes, consisting of remixes of both songs, was released on November 24, 2014.

Jungle music
Jungle is a genre of electronic music that developed in the 1990s out of the UK rave scene and Jamaican sound system culture. Emerging from breakbeat hardcore, the style is characterised by rapid breakbeats, heavily syncopated percussive loops, samples and synthesised effects, combined with the deep basslines, melodies and vocal samples found in dub, reggae and dancehall, as well as hip-hop and funk. Many producers frequently sampled the "Amen break" or other breakbeats from funk and jazz recordings. Jungle was a direct precursor to the drum and bass genre which emerged in the mid-1990s.
Bebryce (mythology)
Bebryce  (Ancient Greek: Βεβρύκη) was in Greek mythology one of the Danaïdes, whom the 3rd-century BCE mythographer Apollonius of Rhodes called "Bryce", and from whom the Bebryces in Bithynia were believed to have derived their name. Others however derived the Bebryces from a hero, "Bebryx".

In the story of the Danaïdes, all of them were commanded to slay their husbands by Danaus, and all but Hypermnestra complied. A later tradition -- not attested before Eustathius of Thessalonica in the 12th century CE -- has it that Bebryce also refused to kill her husband, Hippolytus.

Bithynia
Bithynia (/bɪˈθɪniə/; Koine Greek: Βιθυνία, romanized: Bithynía) is a geographical region of northwestern Asia Minor (in present-day Turkey), adjoining the Sea of Marmara, the Bosporus, and the Black Sea. It borders Mysia to the southwest, Paphlagonia to the northeast along the Black Sea coast, and Phrygia to the southeast towards the interior of Asia Minor.

Hellenistic Bithynia was an independent kingdom from the 3rd century BC. Its capital Nicomedia was rebuilt on the site of ancient Astacus in 264 BC by Nicomedes I. Bithynia was bequeathed to the Roman Republic in 74 BC, and became united with the Pontus (region) region as the province of Bithynia and Pontus.

In the 7th century it was incorporated into the Byzantine Opsikion theme. It became a border region to the Seljuk Empire in the 13th century, and was eventually conquered by the Ottoman Turks between 1325 and 1333.
Jehoram of Judah
Jehoram of Judah (Hebrew: יְהֹורָם, romanized: Yəhōrām, transl. "Yahweh is exalted") or Joram (Hebrew: יוֹרָם, romanized: Yōrām; Greek: Ἰωράμ, romanized: Ioram; Latin: Joram or Ioram), was the fifth king of Judah, and the son of king Jehoshaphat. Jehoram rose to the throne at the age of 32 and reigned for 8 years (2 Kings 8:17, 2 Chronicles 21:20), although he was ill during his last two years (2 Chronicles 21:18–19).

Rehoboam
Rehoboam (/ˌriːəˈboʊ.əm/; Hebrew: רְחַבְעָם‎, Rəḥaḇʿām, transl. "an enlarged people"; Greek: Ροβοάμ, Roboam; Latin: Roboam) was, according to the Hebrew Bible, the last monarch of the United Kingdom of Israel, though his reign over the unified state was brief; after the Northern and Southern kingdoms were divided, he became the first king of the Kingdom of Judah. He was a son of and the successor to Solomon and a grandson of David.

In the account of I Kings and II Chronicles, Rehoboam saw his rule limited to only the Kingdom of Judah in the south following a rebellion by the ten northern tribes of Israel in 932/931 BCE, which led to the formation of the independent Kingdom of Israel under the rule of Jeroboam in the north.

Extrabiblical evidence for Judah’s stability under Rehoboam is limited, with indications that the biblical accounts of Rehoboam and Jeroboam may be retrojections.
Whetten
Whetten is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

David A. Whetten (born 1946), American organizational theorist

Nathan Whetten (1900–1984), American sociologist and academic administrator

Nathan Whetten
Nathan Laselle Whetten (July 20, 1900 – June 26, 1984) was an American academic who served as professor of sociology (1932–1971) and dean of the Graduate School at the University of Connecticut (1940–1970). UConn's Nathan L. Whetten Graduate School was named in his honor in 1971.
Swimming at the 2014 Commonwealth Games – Women's 800 metre freestyle
The women's 800 metre freestyle event at the 2014 Commonwealth Games as part of the swimming programme took place on 27 and 28 July at the Tollcross International Swimming Centre in Glasgow, Scotland.

The medals were presented by Robert Smith, Baron Smith of Kelvin, Chairman of Glasgow 2014 and the quaichs were presented by Kenn Banks, President of the Commonwealth Games Association of Anguilla.

Robert Smith, Baron Smith of Kelvin
Robert Haldane Smith, Baron Smith of Kelvin (born 8 August 1944) is a Scottish businessman and former Governor of the British Broadcasting Corporation. Smith was knighted in 1999, appointed to the House of Lords as an independent crossbench peer in 2008, and appointed Knight of the Thistle in the 2014 New Year Honours. He was also appointed to the Order of the Companions of Honour in 2016.

Lord Smith of Kelvin serves as Chancellor of the University of Strathclyde and Chair of the British Business Bank. He is Former Chairman of IMI plc, Scottish Enterprise and Forth Ports Limited.

On 19 September 2014, he was appointed as Chair of the newly formed Scotland Devolution Commission by Prime Minister David Cameron, following the "No" result in the Scottish independence referendum; his role being to oversee devolution commitments spelt out by the Westminster parliamentary leaders, with initial proposals drawn up by November 2014.
Malcolm Ross (journalist)
Malcolm Ross (13 July 1862 – 15 April 1930) was a New Zealand journalist, mountain climber, and a war correspondent during the First World War. Born in Otago, he was employed by the Otago Daily Times from 1882 until 1889, when he began working for the Union Steam Ship Company. He resumed his career as a fulltime journalist in 1897, relocating to Wellington to report on parliamentary matters. Following the outbreak of the First World War, he went to German Samoa to cover its seizure by the New Zealand Military Forces. He was selected as the official war correspondent for New Zealand, reporting on the exploits of the New Zealand Expeditionary Force at Gallipoli and in Europe. His dispatches were criticised for their boring style and lack of timeliness although the latter was mainly as a consequence of constraints placed on him by the New Zealand Government. After the war he resumed his career as a member of the press gallery covering parliament until his retirement in 1926.

War correspondent
A war correspondent is a journalist who covers stories first-hand from a war zone.

War correspondence stands as one of journalism's most important and impactful forms. War correspondents operate in the most conflict-ridden parts of the world. Once there, they attempt to get close enough to the action to provide written accounts, photos, or film footage. It is often considered the most dangerous form of journalism.

Modern war correspondence emerged from the news reporting of military conflicts during the French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars. Its presence grew in the middle of the nineteenth century, with American journalists covering the Mexican-American War (1846–1848) and the European newspapermen writing reports from the Crimean War (1853–1856).
John Dodd (Wells MP)
John Dodd (c. 1693 – 25 August 1719) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1717 to 1719.

Dodd was the only surviving son of Sir Samuel Dodd, chief baron of the Exchequer, and his wife Isabel Croke, daughter of Sir Robert Croke, MP, of Chequers, Buckinghamshire. He was admitted at Inner Temple in 1706 and matriculated at Oriel College, Oxford on 2 July 1709, aged 16. He succeeded his father in 1716.

Dodd stood for parliament in a by election for Wells on 27 June 1716. He was defeated initially, but was seated on petition on 12 April 1717 as member of parliament for Wells.

Dodd died unmarried and intestate on 25 August 1719. His estates passed to his first cousin once removed, another John Dodd.

Wells (UK Parliament constituency)
Wells was a constituency in Somerset in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament. Apart from between 2010–2015, Wells was represented by members of the Conservative Party since 1924.

Further to the completion of the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, the seat was abolished, with most of it being transferred to the new constituency of Wells and Mendip Hills, to be first contested at the 2024 general election.
Cocol
Cocol is one of the oldest types of bread known in Mexico. It was created when the Spanish invaded the Mesoamerican cultures. The Spanish taught Mesoamericans how to bake a bread, and then they made their own with the ingredients that were common at that time. This new bread was called cocol, from the word cocolli in Nahuatl. It is also known as torito in some parts of the country. Cocol is made out of wheat flour, milk and some eggs. Before it is baked, the mass is given the figure of a rhombus. It is usually eaten with jam.

Eggs as food
Humans and other hominids have consumed eggs for millions of years. The most widely consumed eggs are those of fowl, especially chickens. People in Southeast Asia began harvesting chicken eggs for food by 1500 BCE. Eggs of other birds, such as ducks and ostriches, are eaten regularly but much less commonly than those of chickens. People may also eat the eggs of reptiles, amphibians, and fish. Fish eggs consumed as food are known as roe or caviar.

Hens and other egg-laying creatures are raised throughout the world, and mass production of chicken eggs is a global industry. In 2009, an estimated 62.1 million metric tons of eggs were produced worldwide from a total laying flock of approximately 6.4 billion hens. There are issues of regional variation in demand and expectation, as well as current debates concerning methods of mass production. In 2012, the European Union banned battery husbandry of chickens.
Shrewsbury Market Hall
Shrewsbury Market Hall is an indoor market in Shrewsbury, England. Opened in 1965, the building, designed by architect David Aberdeen, replaced a Victorian market hall. The market has been voted  "Britain’s Favourite Market" in 2018, 2023, 2024 and 2025.

Shrewsbury Market Hall hosts just over 70 independent businesses, including grocers, restaurants, cafes, and butchers. As of 2024, the market is jointly managed by Shropshire Council and Shrewsbury Town Council, the first responsible for the permanent stalls and retail units, along with the overall management of the building, and the latter managing the canopied stalls inside the market.

Shropshire Council
Shropshire Council, known between 1980 and 2009 as Shropshire County Council and prior to 1980 as Salop County Council, is the local authority for the non-metropolitan county of Shropshire in the West Midlands region of England. Since 2009 it has been a unitary authority, being a county council which also performs the functions of a district council. The non-metropolitan county is smaller than the ceremonial county of Shropshire, which additionally includes Telford and Wrekin.

The council is based at the Guildhall in the Frankwell area of Shrewsbury. At the 2025 election, the Liberal Democrats took control of the council.
Homoisocitric acid
Homoisocitric acid, with the systematic name 1-hydroxy-1,2,4-butanetricarboxylic acid  is a positional isomer of homocitric acid, which is 2-hydroxy-1,2,4-butanetricarboxylic acid. The stereoisomer found in nature, the (1R,2S) form, is an intermediate in the α-aminoadipate pathway of lysine biosynthesis where it is produced by homocitrate synthase:

It is a substrate for homoaconitate hydratase.

The compound is also acted on by homoisocitrate dehydrogenase to give 2-oxoadipic acid:

Homoisocitrate is an anion, salt, or ester of homoisocitric acid.

Homocitrate synthase
In enzymology, a homocitrate synthase (EC 2.3.3.14) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

The three substrates of this enzyme are α-ketoglutaric acid, acetyl-CoA, and water. Its products are (-)-homoisocitric acid and coenzyme A.

This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those acyltransferases that convert acyl groups into alkyl groups on transfer.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is acetyl-CoA:2-oxoglutarate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing, carboxymethyl forming). Other names in common use include 2-hydroxybutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylate 2-oxoglutarate-lyase, (CoA-acetylating), acetyl-coenzyme A:2-ketoglutarate C-acetyl transferase, and homocitrate synthetase.  This enzyme participates in lysine biosynthesis and pyruvate metabolism.
Neukirchen-Gampern railway station
Neukirchen-Gampern (German: Bahnhof Neukirchen-Gampern) is a small railway station near the town of Neukirchen an der Vöckla, Upper Austria, Austria. The train services are operated by ÖBB. The station receives a limited service, in the early morning and late evening.

Upper Austria
Upper Austria (German: Oberösterreich [ˈoːbɐˌ(ʔ)øːstɐraɪç] ⓘ; Bavarian: Obaöstareich; Czech: Horní Rakousy [ˈɦorɲiː ˈrakousɪ]) is one of the nine states of Austria. Its capital is Linz. Upper Austria borders Germany and the Czech Republic, as well as the other Austrian states of Lower Austria, Styria, and Salzburg. With an area of 11,982 km2 (4,626 sq mi) and 1.49 million inhabitants, Upper Austria is the fourth-largest Austrian state by land area and the third-largest by population.
Boxing at the 1998 Asian Games – Men's 54 kg
The men's bantamweight boxing competition at the 1998 Asian Games in Bangkok, Thailand was held from 7 to 17 December at the Land Sports Complex.

Like all Asian Games boxing events, the competition was a straight single-elimination tournament. This event consisted of 21 boxers. The competition began with the round 32 on 7 December, where the number of competitors was reduced to 16, and concluded with the final on 17 December. As there were fewer than 32 boxers in the competition, a number of boxers received a bye through the preliminary round. Both semi-final losers were awarded bronze medals.

All bouts consisted of five three-minute rounds. The boxers receive points for every successful punch they land on their opponent's head or upper body. The boxer with the most points at the end of the bouts wins. If a boxer is knocked to the ground and cannot get up before the referee counts to 10 then the bout is over and the opponent wins.

Impact, Muang Thong Thani
Impact, Muang Thong Thani (Thai: ศูนย์แสดงสินค้าและการประชุม อิมแพ็ค เมืองทองธานี) is a commercial complex consisting of the Impact Arena, a convention centre, and exhibition halls, located in Muang Thong Thani in Pak Kret District of Nonthaburi Province, a northern suburb of Bangkok, Thailand.

It has been considered as the second largest exhibition and convention venue in Asia with an indoor floor space of over 140,000 m2. Its Challenger Hall is currently the world's largest column-free exhibition hall. The venue hosts over 490 events and welcomes over 15 million visitors each year.
The Brass Bowl (novel)
The Brass Bowl is a 1907 mystery and romance novel by the American author Louis Joseph Vance. It was one of Vance's earliest successes, published before he achieved lasting fame with his "Lone Wolf" series. The novel was a major commercial success, appearing on the annual list of best-selling novels in the United States for 1907.

The story is a fast-paced "comedy of errors" thriller involving a case of mistaken identity between a wealthy bachelor and a notorious jewel thief, set against the backdrop of New York City and a country estate.

Louis Joseph Vance
Louis Joseph Vance (September 19, 1879 – December 16, 1933) was an American novelist, screenwriter and film producer. He created the popular character Michael Lanyard, a criminal-turned-detective known as the Lone Wolf.
Daichi Miura
Daichi Miura (三浦 大知, Miura Daichi; born 24 August 1987) is a Japanese singer, songwriter, dancer, and choreographer.
He also directs his own concerts. He belongs to Rising Production and has a record contract with Avex. He is from Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. He has an official fan club called "Daichishiki" (大知識).

Keep It Goin' On
Keep It Goin' On is the second studio album by the American band Hi-Five. It was released on August 11, 1992, by Jive Records. The lead single "She's Playing Hard to Get" peaked at number five on the Billboard Hot 100 and number two on the R&B singles chart. It is the second studio album featuring the teen frontman lead singer Tony Thompson who propelled this album into platinum status. It also features the first appearance of the Bronx, New York native, Treston Irby.  These singles from their previous album, featuring Irby include: "I Can't Wait Another Minute", "I Like the Way (The Kissing Game)", and the remix version of "Just Another Girlfriend". Keep It Goin' On is the final album to include the original members Roderick "Pooh" Clark (who was paralyzed from the chest down due to an accidental highway car crash shortly after the second album's release) and Russell Neal (who shortly left the group due to financial conflicts).
Stour Music Festival
The Stour Music Festival is a festival of early music held in the Stour valley, Kent, England, founded by countertenor Alfred Deller in 1962. The principal venue is a medieval church, All Saints' Church, Boughton Aluph. 
The building has good acoustics and was used for some of Deller's recordings.

After Deller's death in 1979, his son Mark Deller continued the festival, and celebrated its 50th birthday alongside his father's centenary in 2012. In 2020 Robert Hollingworth, known for his work with I Fagiolini, took over as festival director.

Early music
Early music generally comprises Medieval music (500–1400) and Renaissance music (1400–1600), but can also include Baroque music (1600–1750) or Ancient music (before 500 AD). Originating in Europe, early music is a broad musical era for the beginning of Western classical music.
2026 Adelaide International – Men's doubles
Harri Heliövaara and Henry Patten defeated Kevin Krawietz and Tim Pütz in the final, 6–3, 6–2 to win the doubles tennis title at the 2026 Adelaide International. It was Heliövaara's 13th ATP Tour title and Patten's ninth.

Simone Bolelli and Andrea Vavassori were the defending champions, but lost in the semifinals to Heliövaara and Patten.

Tim Pütz
Tim Pütz (German pronunciation: [ˈtɪm ˈpʏts]; born 19 November 1987) is a German professional tennis player who specializes in doubles.
He reached his career-high doubles ranking of world No. 6 on 17 February 2025, and has won eleven doubles titles on the ATP Tour, including the 2024 ATP Finals with Kevin Krawietz, becoming the first all-German pair to win the title. Pütz won the 2023 French Open in mixed doubles alongside Miyu Kato and was a finalist at the 2024 US Open with Krawietz.

He has also reached the semifinals at the 2023 Wimbledon. In singles, he has a career-high ranking of world No. 163, achieved in February 2015, reaching the second round at the 2014 Wimbledon Championships.

Pütz has represented Germany in the Davis Cup since 2017, most notably reaching the semifinals in 2021. He also competed at the Olympic Games with Kevin Krawietz in 2021, and in 2024 where they reached the quarterfinals.
Kampong Subok
Kampong Subok is a village in Brunei-Muara District, Brunei. It is also a neighbourhood in the capital Bandar Seri Begawan. The population was 2,681 in 2016. It is one of the villages within Mukim Kota Batu. The postcode is BD2717.

Postcodes in Brunei
Postal codes in Brunei Darussalam are known as postcodes (Malay: poskod), and they are alphanumeric; consisting of two letters followed by four digits.  Postcodes in Brunei are issued by the Postal Services Department, a government department under the Ministry of Communications.