hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Graviscalar
In theoretical physics, the hypothetical particle called the graviscalar or radion emerges as an excitation of general relativity's metric tensor, i.e. gravitational field, but is indistinguishable from a scalar in four dimensions, as shown in Kaluza–Klein theory. The scalar field  comes from a component of the metric tensor  where the figure 5 labels an additional fifth dimension.  The only variations in the scalar field represent variations in the size of the extra dimension.  Also, in models with multiple extra dimensions, there exist several such particles.  Moreover, in theories with extended supersymmetry, a graviscalar is usually a superpartner of the graviton that behaves as a particle with spin 0.  This concept closely relates to the gauged Higgs models.

Metric tensor (general relativity)
In general relativity, the metric tensor (in this context often abbreviated to simply the metric) is the fundamental object of study. The metric captures all the geometric and causal structure of spacetime, being used to define notions such as time, distance, volume, curvature, angle, and separation of the future and the past.

In general relativity, the metric tensor plays the role of the gravitational potential in the classical theory of gravitation, although the physical content of the associated equations is entirely different. Gutfreund and Renn say "that in general relativity the gravitational potential is represented by the metric tensor."
Skitt Mountain
Skitt Mountain is a summit in the U.S. state of Georgia. The elevation is 2,076 feet (632 meters).

The mountain's name is supposedly derived from the word "skit", on account of the tall tales or skits, told there by miners.

Miner
A miner is a person who extracts ore, coal, chalk, clay, or other minerals from the earth through mining. There are two senses in which the term is used. In its narrowest sense, a miner is someone who works at the rock face; cutting, blasting, or otherwise working and removing the rock. In a broader sense, a "miner" is anyone working within a mine, not just a worker at the rock face.

Cave-ins, explosions, toxic air, and extreme temperatures are some of the most dangerous mining accidents. The overall long-term health effects of underground mining conditions is also a hazard. In some countries, miners lack social guarantees and in case of injury may be left to cope without assistance.

In regions with a long mining tradition, many communities have developed cultural traditions and aspects specific to the various regions, in the forms of particular equipment, symbolism, music, and the like.
Decima (game engine)
Decima is a proprietary game engine made by Guerrilla Games and released in November 2013, that includes tools and features like artificial intelligence and game physics. It is compatible with 4K resolution and high-dynamic-range imaging. Available in some games on PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Microsoft Windows, macOS, iOS, iPadOS, and Xbox Series X/S, the engine is used on notable franchises such as Death Stranding, Horizon, Killzone, and Until Dawn.

IPadOS
iPadOS is a mobile operating system developed by Apple for its iPad line of tablet computers. It was given a name distinct from iOS, the operating system used by Apple's iPhones, to reflect the diverging features of the two product lines, such as multitasking. It was introduced as iPadOS 13, reflecting its status as the successor to iOS 12 for the iPad, and first released to the public on September 24, 2019. Major versions of iPadOS are released annually; the current stable version, iPadOS 26.2.1, was released to the public on January 26, 2026.
Cowslip (bovine podiatry)
In bovine podiatry, a cowslip is a tough plastic shoe used to treat lameness in cattle. It is applied onto the healthy claw (one side of the cloven hoof) with glue and allowed to set. The cowslip will raise the damaged claw off the ground and allow it to heal. The cowslip will slough in about 4–6 weeks and this is a principal advantage over a nail-on shoe which needs to be actively removed.

Cowslips need to be applied to a clean claw. An angle grinder is sometimes used to clean off debris from the claw. The outer layer of the healthy and clean claw can also be ground lightly to provide a rough surface for the glue to adhere to. In cold climates, a hairdryer can be used whilst applying the glue to allow it to set quicker ( 1–2 minutes). While setting the glue, the shoe needs to be held in place. After 4–6 weeks natural hoof growth will slough off the shoe.

Angle grinder
An angle grinder, also known as a side grinder or disc grinder, is a handheld power tool used for grinding (abrasive cutting), polishing, sanding, and similar applications. Its use is especially prevalent in metalwork.
Goodbye Ellston Avenue
Goodbye Ellston Avenue is the debut studio album by the American punk rock band Pinhead Gunpowder. It was released on February 25, 1997, through Lookout! Records. The album was re-released on vinyl and CD through Recess Records.

Recess Records
Recess Records is an independent record label founded in 1988.  Label founder Todd Congelliere (frontman for F.Y.P and Toys That Kill) initially made 100 cassettes of F.Y.P's songs and sold them at skateboard contests. Two years later, Congelliere released a vinyl record, F.Y.P's Extra Credit, an 11-song 7-inch record, and the label took off from there.

In between touring the U.S., Europe, and Japan, Congelliere began releasing records for fellow punk rock and DIY bands, eventually having a roster of close to 20 artists on his label. Pinhead Gunpowder, fronted by Green Day frontman Billie Joe Armstrong, announced in April 2008 that a new 7" single from the band would be released on Recess Records in late May 2008.
Graphops
Graphops is a genus of leaf beetles in the subfamily Eumolpinae. There are 19 described species in Graphops, all from North America. Most species have limited flight capabilities, due to poorly developed wings, and at least one species is known to be flightless.

According to BugGuide and ITIS, the genus is now placed in the tribe Typophorini instead of Adoxini.

Integrated Taxonomic Information System
The Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) is an American partnership of federal agencies designed to provide consistent and reliable information on the taxonomy of biological species. ITIS was originally formed in 1996 as an interagency group within the US federal government, involving several US federal agencies, and has now become an international body, with Canadian and Mexican government agencies participating. The database draws from a large community of taxonomic experts. Primary content staff are housed at the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History and IT services are provided by a US Geological Survey facility in Denver. The primary focus of ITIS is North American species, but many biological groups exist worldwide and ITIS collaborates with other agencies to increase its global coverage.
Kürşad Sürmeli
Kürşad Sürmeli (born 14 August 1995) is a Dutch footballer who plays as a midfielder for Turkish TFF 2. Lig club 68 Aksarayspor.

A youth product of NEC, Sürmeli experienced his breakthrough as part of the Achilles '29 team competing in the second-tier Eerste Divisie. He later played for clubs in Turkey and Belgium.

TFF 2. Lig
The TFF 2. Lig (lit. 'TFF 2nd League'), currently referred to as Nesine 2. Lig for sponsorship reasons, is the third level in the Turkish football league system. It was founded in the 2001–02 season with the name of Turkish Second League Category B as a continuation of the then second level division. In the 2005–06 season, the name of the league was changed to Lig B. Since the 2007–08 season, the league's current name is used along with sponsor names.

Turkish Second Football League (in Turkish: Türkiye İkinci Futbol Ligi or shortly İkinci Lig or 2. Lig) is a defunct football league in Turkey. It was the second level division in Turkish football since its foundation in 1963–64 until the formation of the new league system in 2001–02. The Second Football League was divided into two categories in the 2001–02 season: Category A and Category B. Since 2007–08, Category A has continued as the TFF First League and Category B has continued as the TFF Second League.
Pandrup Municipality
Until January 1, 2007 Pandrup Municipality was a municipality (Danish: kommune) in the former North Jutland County, on the north coast of the North Jutlandic Island. The municipality covered an area of 189.67 km2, and had a total population of 10,612 (2006). Its last mayor was Flemming Jansen, a member of the Venstre political party.

Pandrup Municipality bordered Løkken-Vrå Municipality to the north, Brønderslev Municipality to the east, Aabybro Municipality to the south-east and Brovst Municipality to the south-west.

The municipality ceased to exist as the result of Kommunalreformen 2007 (the Municipality Reform of 2007). It was merged with the Fjerritslev, Aabybro and Brovst municipalities to form the new Jammerbugt municipality. The new municipality belongs to the North Jutland Region.

North Jutland Region
The North Jutland Region (Danish: Region Nordjylland), or in some official sources, the North Denmark Region, is an administrative region of Denmark established on 1 January 2007 as part of the 2007 Danish municipal reform, which abolished the traditional counties (amter) and set up five larger regions. At the same time, smaller municipalities were merged into larger units, cutting the number of municipalities from 271 before 1 January 2006, when Ærø Municipality was created, to 98. North Jutland Region has 11 municipalities. The reform diminished the power of the regional level dramatically in favor of the local level and the central government in Copenhagen.
Michael O'Rourke (gambler)
Michael O'Rourke (1862 – 1882[?]), aka "Johnny O'Rourke" or "Johnny-Behind-the-Deuce", was a professional gambler of the Old West. While living in Charleston, Arizona, he killed Henry Schneider, a popular mine engineer, in what O'Rourke said was self-defense. But citizens were aroused and threatened to lynch O'Rourke. Constable George McKelvey took O'Rourke to Tombstone, chased by the angry mob. Once there, Deputy U.S. Marshal and Tombstone Police Chief Virgil Earp, his brother Wyatt, Cochise County Sheriff Johnny Behan, and others saved him from the crowd.

Lynching
Lynching is an extrajudicial killing by a group. It is most often used to characterize informal public executions by a mob in order to punish an alleged or convicted transgressor or to intimidate others. It can also be an extreme form of informal group social control, and it is often conducted with the display of a public spectacle (often in the form of a hanging) for maximum intimidation. Instances of lynchings and similar mob violence can be found in all societies.

In the United States, where the word lynching likely originated, the practice became associated with vigilante justice on the frontier and mob attacks on African Americans accused of crimes. The latter became frequent in the South during the period after the Reconstruction era, especially during the nadir of American race relations. Black people are thought to be the primary victims of lynching in the U.S. (about 72% of the total).
Wyburn
Wyburn is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

George Wyburn (1903–1985), British embryologist

Nathan Wyburn (born 1989), Welsh artist and media personality

Rhoda Wyburn (1841–1934), English milliner

Rhoda Wyburn
Rhoda Wyburn (25 August 1841 - 8 May 1934) was an English milliner who with her sister Emily ran a successful business in Regent Street that enabled them to buy Hadley Manor near Chipping Barnet in north London. The sisters were committed Methodists who donated funds to establish Methodist churches in north London and elsewhere.
Gyger
Gyger is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Hans Conrad Gyger, (1599-1674), Swiss cartographer

Patrick Gyger (born 1971), Swiss historian and writer

Pia Gyger (1940–2014), Swiss Zen master

Rudolf Gyger (1920–1996), Swiss footballer

Walter Gyger, Swiss diplomat

Pia Gyger
Pia Gyger (born 2 November 1940 in Schaffhausen; died 14 July 2014 in Basel) was a Swiss specialist for special education, psychologist and Zen master of the White Plum Sangha lineage. She was the co-founder of the Lassalle-Institute within the Lassalle-House in Bad Schönbrunn/Zug, Canton of Zug. She was co-initiator of the Jerusalem-Project.
Pierre-César Abeille
Pierre-César Abeille (French pronunciation: [pjɛʁ sezaʁ abɛj]; 1674 - after 1733) was a French composer. Born in the Salon-de-Provence of southern France, he was baptized on 24 February 1674. He was the son of Jean Abeille, a royal notary.

From 1699 to 1700, Abeille was maître de chapelle of the primate's Church of St. Trophime, Arles.  When he was succeeded by Fançois Pétouille, he was vicaire de choeur and maitre de musique at the royal parish church of Saint-Germain l'Auxerrois in Paris.

Church of St. Trophime, Arles
The Church of St. Trophime (French: Cathédrale Saint-Trophime d'Arles; Occitan: Catedrala Sant-Trofime d'Arle) (Trophimus) is a Roman Catholic church and former cathedral located in the city of Arles, in the Bouches-du-Rhône Department of southern France. It was built between the 12th century and the 15th century, and is in the Romanesque architectural tradition. The sculptures over the church's portal, particularly the Last Judgement, and the columns in the adjacent cloister, are considered some of the finest examples of Romanesque sculpture.

The church was built upon the site of the 5th-century basilica of Arles, named for St. Stephen.  In the 15th century a Gothic choir was added to the Romanesque nave.

Along with other medieval and Roman buildings in Arles, in 1981 the church was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site as part of the Arles, Roman and Romanesque Monuments group.
Baupur, Jalandhar
Baupur is a village in Nakodar in Jalandhar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 15.5 km from Nakodar, 22.1 km from Kapurthala, 22 km from district headquarter Jalandhar and 160 km from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by a sarpanch who is an elected representative of village as per Panchayati raj (India).

Kapurthala
Kapurthala (Punjabi pronunciation: [kə.puːɾ.t̪ʰə.läː]) is a city in the Punjab state of India. It is the administrative headquarters of the Kapurthala District. It was the capital of the Kapurthala State, a princely state in British India. It is an immediate neighbour of Jalandhar city proper, and a part of the Jalandhar Metropolitan Region. The aesthetic mix of the city, with its prominent buildings based on French and Indo-Saracenic architecture self-narrate its princely past. And for this reason, it has often been referred to as the “Paris of Punjab”. It is also known as the 'City of Palaces & Gardens'. According to the 2011 census, Kapurthala is the least populated city in India.
MacCracken
MacCracken is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

William P. MacCracken Jr. (1888–1969), the first US Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Aeronautics

Calvin D. MacCracken (1919–1999), American inventor in energy storage technology and ice rink construction

Edith Bolte MacCracken (1869–1946), American club woman and civic leader

Frederick MacCracken, KCB, DSO (1859–1949), British Army officer

Henry MacCracken (1840–1918), American educator

Henry Noble MacCracken (1880–1970), American academic administrator, president of Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, New York

John Henry MacCracken (1875–1948), American academic administrator president of Westminster College and Lafayette College

Michael MacCracken (born 1942), chief scientist for climate change programs with the Climate Institute in Washington, D.C.

Trip MacCracken (born 1974), currently the Director of Roster Management for the Jacksonville Jaguars

William P. MacCracken Jr.
William Patterson MacCracken Jr. (September 17, 1888 - September 20, 1969) was the first U.S. Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Aeronautics. His department was awarded the Collier Trophy of 1928 for its contribution to the "development of airways and air navigation facilities". Later he was convicted of contempt of congress in the Air Mail scandal in 1934.
Ruzz and Ben
Ruzz and Ben (French: Ruzz et Ben) is an animated short film, directed by Philippe Jullien and released in 2005. The film centres on two children who are trying to recover their lost kite, when they discover a strange world presided over by a tall wooden puppet whom they mistake for a threatening figure.

The film was a Genie Award nominee for Best Animated Short at the 26th Genie Awards in 2006.

Genie Awards
The Genie Awards were given out annually by the Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television to recognize the best of Canadian cinema from 1980–2012. They succeeded the Canadian Film Awards (1949–1978). In 2013, the Academy merged the Genie Awards with its sister presentation for television, the Gemini Awards, to form the Canadian Screen Awards.

Genie Award candidates were selected from submissions made by the owners of Canadian films or their representatives, based on the criteria laid out in the Genie Rules and Regulations booklet which were distributed to Academy members and industry members. Peer-group juries, assembled from volunteer members of the Academy, met to watch the submissions and select a group of nominees. Academy members then voted on these nominations.
Gael Linn Cup 1962
The 1962 Gael Linn Cup is a representative competition for elite level participants in the women's team field sport of camogie, was won by Leinster, who defeated Ulster in the final, played at Casement Park Belfast.

Antrim GAA
The Antrim County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association (Irish: Cumann Lúthchleas Gael Coiste Chontae Aontroma) or Antrim GAA is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland, and is responsible for Gaelic games in County Antrim, Northern Ireland. The county board is also responsible for the Antrim county teams.

The county hurling team contested All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship (SHC) finals on two occasions: 1943 and 1989. The county football team contested All-Ireland Senior Football Championship (SFC) finals on two occasions: 1911 and 1912.

As of 2025, there were 51 clubs affiliated to Antrim GAA.
Pura Purani T'uxu
Pura Purani T'uxu or Pura Purani Tuqu (Aymara pura pura Xenophyllum (or a species of it), -ni a suffix to indicate ownership, "the one with the pura pura plant", t'uxu window or tuqu goitre, also spelled Purapurani Thojo) is a 5,416-metre-high (17,769 ft) mountain in the Cordillera Real in the Andes of Bolivia. It is located in the La Paz Department, Los Andes Province, Pucarani Municipality. It lies northeast of Nasa Q'ara and north of a lake named Allqa Quta. The small lake northwest of the mountain is Khunu Quta ("snow lake").

Goitre
A goitre (British English), or goiter (American English), is a swelling in the neck resulting from an enlarged thyroid gland. A goitre can be associated with a thyroid that is not functioning properly.

Worldwide, over 90% of goitre cases are caused by iodine deficiency. The term is from the Latin gutturia, meaning throat. Most goitres are not cancerous (i.e., benign), though they may be potentially harmful.
Bernard and Doris
Bernard and Doris is a 2006 film directed by Bob Balaban. The teleplay by Hugh Costello is a semi-fictionalized account of the relationship that developed between socialite heiress and philanthropist Doris Duke and her self-destructive Irish butler Bernard Lafferty later in her life.

The film premiered at the Hamptons International Film Festival on October 17, 2007 and was broadcast by HBO on February 9, 2008. It has been released on DVD.

Socialite
A socialite is a person, typically a woman from a wealthy or aristocratic background, who is prominent in high society. A socialite generally spends a significant amount of time attending various fashionable social gatherings, instead of having traditional employment.
Haupai Puha
Haupai Puha (born 12 February 1985) is a New Zealand professional darts player who competes in Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) events. Nicknamed "Hopes", Puha is the first player from New Zealand to have won a PDC Tour Card, having won one in 2024.

He has won titles on both the affiliated Darts Players Australia and Darts Players New Zealand tours, and has represented New Zealand at both the PDC World Cup of Darts and the WDF World Cup.

WDF World Cup
The WDF World Cup is a darts tournament organised by the World Darts Federation and held biennially since 1977. It has featured men's events since the beginning, while women's events were added in 1983 and youth events in 1999. The most recent tournament, the 2023 World Cup, was held in Esbjerg, Denmark. The event used to be broadcast on ITV in the United Kingdom, but coverage of the tournament ceased after the 1987 World Cup.
Paul Heithersay
Paul Sinclair Heithersay is a public servant employed by the Government of South Australia. He is the chief executive of the Department for Energy and Mining. He was appointed to this role by the then recently elected Liberal government in June 2018.

Prior to that he had been deputy chief executive of the Department of State Development (previously known as DMITRE) since July 2014. He was the chief executive of the Resources Infrastructure & Investment Task Force, to which he was appointed in December 2010. He is responsible for overseeing and coordinating the State Government's interaction with BHP, which owns the Olympic Dam copper, gold and uranium mine. Heithersay joined the public service in 2002 after 20 years of working for the mining companies North Limited and Geopeko. His first role for the government was as executive director of the Geological Survey of South Australia within Department of Primary Industries and Regions South Australia (PIRSA).

Primary Industries and Regions SA
Primary Industries and Regions SA (PIRSA), also known as Primary Industries and Regions South Australia, and the Department of Primary Industries and Regions SA, is an agency of the South Australian Government whose focus is the economic development of the state of South Australia. Its key areas of work include primary sector industries (in South Australia, mainly farming), and biosecurity.
Paradise, Hawaiian Style (soundtrack)
Paradise, Hawaiian Style is the thirteenth soundtrack album by American singer and musician Elvis Presley, released by RCA Victor in mono and stereo, LPM/LSP 3643, in June 1966. It is the soundtrack to the 1966 film of the same name starring Presley. Recording sessions took place at Radio Recorders in Hollywood, California, on July 26 and 27, and August 2, 1965. It peaked at number 15 on the Top LP's chart.

Paradise, Hawaiian Style
Paradise, Hawaiian Style is a 1966 American musical comedy film directed by Michael Moore and starring Elvis Presley. It was the third and final motion picture that Presley filmed in Hawaii. The film reached #40 on the Variety weekly box office chart, earning $2.5 million in theaters. In agreeing to do this film, Presley's manager, Colonel Tom Parker, was hoping to replicate the success of Presley's 1961 film, Blue Hawaii.