hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Solitary Watch
Solitary Watch is a web-based project that aims to bring public attention to the widespread use of solitary confinement in the United States. Its mission is to provide the public—as well as practicing attorneys, legal scholars, law enforcement, and people in prison and their families—with a reputable source of unfolding news, original reporting, firsthand accounts, and research on solitary confinement and other harsh prison conditions to generate public debate and policy change.

James Ridgeway
James Fowler Ridgeway (November 1, 1936 – February 13, 2021) was an American investigative journalist. In a career spanning six decades, he covered many topics including automobile industry safety, American universities, far-right movements including the Ku Klux Klan and Neo-Nazism, and campaigns against solitary confinement. He was the Washington correspondent for The Village Voice for over 30 years between the mid-1970s to mid-2000s, and had also worked for The New Republic, and Mother Jones. He had also contributed to magazines and newspapers including The New York Times, The New York Review of Books, The Wall Street Journal, and The Economist among others.
Christopher Warwick
Christopher D. Warwick is an American politician who was elected member of the Missouri House of Representatives for the 128th district in 2024.

Warwick was alderman and mayor of Bolivar, Missouri. He and his wife Jody have four children.

Missouri House of Representatives
The Missouri House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the Missouri General Assembly, the upper chamber being the Missouri Senate. It has 163 members, representing districts with an average size of 37,000 residents. House members are elected for two-year terms during general elections held in even-numbered years.

Missouri's house is the fourth largest in the United States even as the state ranks 18th in population. The only states with a larger lower house in the United States are New Hampshire (400), Pennsylvania (203), and Georgia (180). Republicans have controlled the State House since 2003.

The next election will be held in 2026.
Marco Jansen van Vuren
Marco Jansen van Vuren (born 14 June 1996 in Vanderbijlpark, South Africa) is a South African rugby union player for the Cheetahs in the Currie Cup. His regular position is scrum-half, but also regularly plays centre and wing

Vanderbijlpark
Vanderbijlpark  is an industrial city with approximately 95,000 inhabitants, situated on the Vaal River in the south of Gauteng province, South Africa. The city is named after Hendrik van der Bijl, an electrical engineer and industrialist.

Vanderbijlpark is home to Vanderbijlpark Steel, previously part of the South African Iron and Steel Corporation (ISCOR), which subsequently became a subsidiary of the global company ArcelorMittal. With neighbouring cities Vereeniging and Sasolburg, it forms the Vaal Triangle, historically a major industrial region of South Africa. It is situated in the local municipality of Emfuleni and district municipality of Sedibeng.

The peri-urban black townships Boipatong, Muvango, Bophelong, Sebokeng, Evaton, Tshepiso and Sharpeville are close to the city.
One Part Woman
One Part Woman (pronounced [mɑːd̪oɾʉbɑːgən]) is a Tamil novel written by Indian writer Perumal Murugan titled "Mathorupagan" (மாதொருபாகன்). Initially published by Kalachuvadu Publications in 2010, it was later translated into English by Aniruddhan Vasudevan and published  in 2013 in India by Penguin Books, and in 2018 in the US by Grove Atlantic. Set during the colonial era in the Southern state of Tamil Nadu in India, it deals with the social stigma that a married couple faces due to their childlessness, and the lengths they go to conceive.

Grove Atlantic
Grove Atlantic, Inc. is an American independent publisher, based in New York City. Formerly styled "Grove/Atlantic, Inc.", it was created in 1993 by the merger of Grove Press and Atlantic Monthly Press. As of 2018 Grove Atlantic calls itself "An Independent Literary Publisher Since 1917". That refers to the official date Atlantic Monthly Press was established by the Boston magazine The Atlantic Monthly.
Giuseppe Cades
Giuseppe Cades (March 4, 1750 – December 8, 1799) was a neo-classicist  Italian draftsman, painter, engraver and sculptor, based in Rome. As both a draftsman known for his drawings and a painter, Cades worked in many media, including pencil, coloured chalks, watercolour, tempera with wax on canvas and oil paint on canvas.

Tempera
Tempera (Italian: [ˈtɛmpera]) is a permanent, fast-drying painting medium consisting of pigments mixed with a water-soluble binder medium, usually glutinous material such as egg yolk. There are several types of tempera paint, but the one containing egg yolk is called egg tempera. Tempera paint made from the milk protein is Casein paint. If the binder is synthetic PVA, the result is polyvinyl acetate tempera. A distemper paint consisting of pigment and binders such as cornstarch, gum arabic and other gums is called poster paint in certain parts of the world, and it is also often confusingly referred to as "tempera paint", although the binders in this paint are different from traditional egg tempera paints and the visual effect is more like gouache.

The term Tempera also refers to the paintings done in any kind of these tempera mediums.
Apacer
Apacer Technology Inc. (Chinese: 宇瞻科技股份有限公司; pinyin: Yǔzhān Kējì Gǔfèn Yǒuxiàn Gōngsī) is a Taiwanese multinational corporation that designs and markets consumer electronics, memory modules and digital storage hardware and software.

Data storage
Data storage is the recording (storing) of information (data) in a storage medium. Handwriting, phonographic recording, magnetic tape, and optical discs are all examples of storage media. Biological molecules such as RNA and DNA are considered by some as data storage. Recording may be accomplished with virtually any form of energy. Electronic data storage requires electrical power to store and retrieve data.

Data storage in a digital, machine-readable medium is sometimes called digital data. Computer data storage is one of the core functions of a general-purpose computer. Electronic documents can be stored in much less space than paper documents. Barcodes and magnetic ink character recognition (MICR) are two ways of recording machine-readable data on paper.
(Set This) World Ablaze
(Set This) World Ablaze is the first live album by the American metalcore band Killswitch Engage. The DVD is of a live show that was taped at The Palladium in Worcester, Massachusetts on July 25, 2005. It includes live tracks from Killswitch Engage, Alive or Just Breathing and The End of Heartache. Set This World Ablaze is the only Killswitch Engage media to have a Parental Advisory logo.

On August 4, 2006, (Set This) World Ablaze has been certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).

Worcester Palladium
The Worcester Palladium, also known as The Palladium or Palladium Theatre, is an all-ages concert hall and performance venue located in Worcester, Massachusetts. The Palladium was designed by architect Arlan W. Johnson and opened as a theatre in 1928 as the Plymouth Theatre.  It has a seating capacity of 2,160 in the Main Room and 500 in the upstairs room and is a popular venue for rock and metal bands. The New England Metal and Hardcore Festival takes place at the Palladium annually.

Since 1990, the booking agency MassConcerts has handled all booking for The Palladium;
A live concert DVD by The Devil Wears Prada titled Dead & Alive was filmed at the Palladium on December 14, 2011.

A live concert DVD by Insane Clown Posse titled New Years Ninja Party was filmed at the Palladium on New Years Eve 2012.

Metalcore band Killswitch Engage released a live album recorded at The Palladium in 2022, titled "Live at the Palladium"
Dogtown, Mississippi
Dogtown is a ghost town in Lafayette County, Mississippi, United States, located on Highway 334, 17.6 miles (28.3 km) southeast of Oxford.  At one time it was the location of Dogtown School.

All that remains of Dogtown is the abandoned White's Grocery.

Oxford, Mississippi
Oxford is the 14th most populous city in Mississippi, United States, and the county seat of Lafayette County, 75 miles (121 km) southeast of Memphis. A college town, Oxford surrounds the University of Mississippi or "Ole Miss". Founded in 1837, the city is named after Oxford, England.

Purchasing the land from a Chickasaw, pioneers founded Oxford in 1837. In 1841, the Mississippi State Legislature selected it as the site of the state's first university, Ole Miss. Oxford is also the hometown of Nobel Prize-winning novelist William Faulkner, and served as the inspiration for his fictional Jefferson in Yoknapatawpha County. Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar, who served as a US Supreme Court Justice and Secretary of the Interior, also lived and is buried in Oxford.

At the 2020 US Census, the population was 25,416.
Derevnya razyezda Maksyutovo
Derevnya razyezda Maksyutovo (Russian: Деревня разъезда Максютово; Bashkir: Мәҡсүт разъезы, Mäqsüt razyezı) is a rural locality (a village) in Donskoy Selsoviet, Belebeyevsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 20 as of 2010. There is 1 street.

Belebeyevsky District
Belebeyevsky District (Russian: Белебе́евский райо́н, romanized: Belebeyevskiy rayon; Bashkir and Tatar: Бәләбәй районы, Bäläbäy rayonı; Chuvash: Пелепей районĕ, Pelepey rayonĕ) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the west of the republic and borders with Tuymazinsky and Buzdyaksky Districts in the north, Davlekanovsky District in the east, Alsheyevsky District in the southeast, Bizhbulyaksky District in the south, and with Yermekeyevsky District in the west. The area of the district is 1,911.2 square kilometers (737.9 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Belebey (which is not administratively a part of the district). As of the 2021 Russian census, Belebeyevsky District has a population of 96,731.
Ogurtsovo
Ogurtsovo (Russian: Огурцово) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Ogurtsovo, Opochetsky District, Pskov Oblast, a village in Opochetsky District of Pskov Oblast

Ogurtsovo, Ostrovsky District, Pskov Oblast, a village in Ostrovsky District of Pskov Oblast

Ogurtsovo, Tver Oblast, a village in Staromelkovskoye Rural Settlement of Konakovsky District in Tver Oblast

Ostrovsky District, Pskov Oblast
Ostrovsky District (Russian: О́стровский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-four in Pskov Oblast, Russia. It is located in the west of the oblast and borders with Pskovsky District in the north, Porkhovsky District in the northeast, Novorzhevsky District in the southeast, Pushkinogorsky and Krasnogorodsky Districts in the south, Pytalovsky District in the west, and with Palkinsky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 2,400 square kilometers (930 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Ostrov. Population: 31,096 (2010 Census); 36,685 (2002 Census); 14,199 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Ostrov accounts for 69.7% of the district's total population.
Owen Cowley
Owen William Joseph Cowley (14 December 1868 – 27 February 1922) was an Australian cricketer. He played eleven first-class matches for New South Wales and Queensland between 1893–94 and 1896–97.

Cowley was born in Mauritius and moved to Australia with his family in 1881.

All of Cowley's first-class cricket was played in New Zealand: seven matches on New South Wales' tour of 1893–94, and four on Queensland's tour of 1896–97. He made his only first-class century for Queensland against Hawke's Bay, when he went to the wicket at 214 for 5 and scored 135, adding 238 for the sixth wicket with Robbie MacDonald, who scored 114.

Cowley married Delia Kearney in Nambour in December 1905. He was the licensee of a hotel in Nambour before taking up the licence of a hotel in Yandina in 1908.

Century (cricket)
In cricket, a century is a score of 100 or more runs in a single innings by a batter. The term is also included in "century partnership" which occurs when two batsmen add 100 runs to the team total when they are batting together. A century is regarded as a landmark score for batters and a player's number of centuries is generally recorded in their career statistics. Scoring a century is loosely equivalent in merit to a bowler taking a five-wicket haul, and is commonly referred to as a ton or hundred. Scores of more than 200 runs are still statistically counted as a century, although these scores are referred to as double (200–299 runs), triple (300–399 runs), and quadruple centuries (400–499 runs), and so on. Reaching 50 runs in an innings is known as a half-century.

Scoring a century at Lord's cricket ground in London earns the batter a place on the Lord's honours boards.
Bhag
Bhag (Urdu: بھاگ) is a city located within Kachhi District of Balochistan Province of Pakistan. Bhag is famously known as Bhag Nari (Urdu: بھاگ ناڑی) too. This is due to its location near the bank of The Nari River in the Kachhi plains. Bhag Nari is the largest city town of the district and sits at an altitude of 90 meters (298 feet).

Prior to 2013, Bhag Tehsil was located within Kachhi District before being split off to become part of Lehri District (along with Lehri Tehsil) within Sibi Division, which (Lehri district) was later absorbed into Sibi District in 2018.

Also, Bolan and Kachhi are used interchangeably

Baloch tribes: Aeri(Arbab), Chhalgari, Rind, Mastoi, Mugheri, Lund, Babbar, Gola, Bangulzai, Shahwani ,lehri, Jatoi.

Sindhi tribes: Attar, Hanbhi, Kalwar, Abro, Machhi, Sheikh, Bohar, Pahore, Joya and Soomro.

Rajput tribes: Bhatti

Sindhi Shaikh
Shaikh or Sheikh (Sindhi: شيخ), is a Sindhi tribe or caste. The "Shaikh" word is an Arabic term meaning elder of a tribe, lord, revered old man, or Islamic scholar. The Shaikhs of Sindh are one of the major tribe of the Sindhi Muslims ethnic group; they are converted from Sindhi Hindu Lohana/Brahmin tribes. They speak the various dialects of Sindhi, depending on their place of residence. The Shaikh are largely an urban community, residing in the towns and cities of Sindh. Shaikhs have different communities within them, namely Baghdadi, Sanjogi, Nangani, Deewan, and Chatani.
Lead(II) acetate
Lead(II) acetate is a white crystalline chemical compound with a slightly sweet taste. Its chemical formula is usually expressed as Pb(CH3COO)2 or Pb(OAc)2, where Ac represents the acetyl group. Like many other lead compounds, it causes lead poisoning. Lead acetate is soluble in water and glycerin. With water it forms the trihydrate, Pb(OAc)2·3H2O, a colourless or white efflorescent monoclinic crystalline substance.

The substance is used as a reagent to make other lead compounds and as a fixative for some dyes. In low concentrations, it formerly served as the principal active ingredient in progressive types of hair colouring dyes. Lead(II) acetate is also used as a mordant in textile printing and dyeing, and as a drier in paints and varnishes. It was historically used as a sweetener and preservative in wines and in other foods and for cosmetics.

Textile printing
Textile printing is the process of applying color to fabric in definite patterns or designs. In properly printed fabrics the colour is bonded with the fibre, so as to resist washing and friction. Textile printing is related to dyeing but in dyeing properly the whole fabric is uniformly covered with one colour, whereas in printing one or more colours are applied to it in certain parts only, and in sharply defined patterns.

In printing, wooden blocks, stencils, engraved plates, rollers, or silkscreens can be used to place colours on the fabric. Colourants used in printing contain dyes thickened to prevent the colour from spreading by capillary attraction beyond the limits of a pattern or design.
Swede Hollow, Saint Paul
44°57′37″N 93°04′34″W﻿ / ﻿44.9603°N 93.076°W﻿ / 44.9603; -93.076

Swede Hollow was a neighborhood of Saint Paul, Minnesota, from the 1850s to 1956. Located on the city's East Side, it lay east of the Railroad Island neighborhood and at the northwestern base of Dayton's Bluff. The Hamm's Brewery complex bordered it to the north, while the Seventh Street Improvement Arches marked its southern boundary. Despite being one of Saint Paul's oldest settlements, it was also its poorest, housing successive waves of immigrants in substandard conditions. Swedes, Poles, Italians, and Mexicans each called the valley home during different periods.

Hamm's Brewery
Theodore Hamm's Brewing Company was an American brewing company established in 1865 in Saint Paul, Minnesota. Becoming the fifth largest brewery in the United States, Hamm's expanded with additional breweries that were acquired in other cities, including San Francisco, Los Angeles, Houston, and Baltimore.
John E. Hussey
John E. Hussey (died November 22, 1922) was a grocer, boardinghouse owner, and state legislator in North Carolina. He was African-American and represented Craven County in the North Carolina House of Representatives from 1885 to 1889.

Boarding house
A boarding house is a house (frequently a family home) in which lodgers rent one or more rooms on a nightly basis and sometimes for extended periods of weeks, months, or years. The common parts of the house are maintained, and some services, such as laundry and cleaning, may be supplied. It normally provides "room and board", with some meals as well as accommodation.

Lodgers legally obtain a licence, not exclusive possession, to use their rooms and so the landlord retains the right of access.
Transformers: Generation One (Dreamwave)
Transformers: Generation One was a Dreamwave Productions comic book series, consisting of two six-issue limited series and an ongoing title. Within the same continuity were three other Dreamwave series: a series of character profiles entitled Transformers: More Than Meets the Eye, a prequel miniseries entitled, Transformers: Micromasters and another prequel ongoing miniseries called Transformers: The War Within. In addition, a single story was part of the Transformers Summer Special. All ongoing series were cancelled in 2005 due to Dreamwave's bankruptcy, leaving their plotlines unresolved.

The 'Generation One' term has also come to be associated with the wider Transformers universes based on the original Transformers animated series and Marvel comics.

Starscream
Starscream is a character in the Transformers media franchise produced by the American toy company Hasbro and the Japanese toy company Takara Tomy. He is the second-in-command of the Decepticons, a villainous faction of alien robots that seeks to conquer their home planet of Cybertron and the rest of the known universe. As with all Cybertronians, Starscream can disguise himself by transforming into vehicles, in his case a fighter jet, and he is usually portrayed as a treacherous and cowardly air commander who seeks to overthrow the Decepticon leader, Megatron, and assume control of the Decepticons.
Samvel Karapetyan (author)
Samvel Karapetian (Armenian: Սամվել Կարապետյան; 30 July 1961 – 27 February 2020) was an Armenian historian, researcher, author, and expert of medieval architecture, specializing in the study of the historical monuments of Armenia, Nagorno-Karabakh and other regions of the Southern Caucasus.

South Caucasus
The South Caucasus, also known as Transcaucasia, or the Transcaucasus, is a geographical region on the border of Eastern Europe and West Asia, straddling the southern Caucasus Mountains. The South Caucasus roughly corresponds to modern Armenia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan, which are sometimes collectively known as the Caucasian States. The total area of these countries measures about 186,100 square kilometres (71,850 square miles). The South Caucasus and the North Caucasus together comprise the larger Caucasus geographical region that divides Eurasia.
Col. Oliver Hazard Payne Estate
Col. Oliver Hazard Payne Estate is a historic 60-acre (24 ha) estate, also known as Omega and Wiltwick, located on the west bank of the Hudson River at Esopus in Ulster County, New York, United States. The estate features a 42,000-square-foot (3,900 m2) Beaux Arts-style Mediterranean palazzo with an open courtyard. It was designed in 1905 for Col. Oliver Hazard Payne by the architect Thomas Hastings of the firm of Carrère and Hastings, who also designed the New York Public Library and the Henry Clay Frick House. The estate is currently owned by Marist University and operated as the Raymond A. Rich Institute for Leadership Development.

Ulster County, New York
Ulster County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. It is situated along the Hudson River. As of the 2020 census, the population was 182,977. The county seat is Kingston. The county is named after the Irish province of Ulster. The county is part of the Hudson Valley region of the state.
Swimming at the 2010 Asian Games – Men's 50 metre freestyle
The men's 50 metre freestyle event at the 2010 Asian Games took place on 15 November 2010 at Guangzhou Aoti Aquatics Centre.

There were 44 competitors from 31 countries who took part in this event. Six heats were held, with most containing the maximum number of swimmers (eight). The heat in which a swimmer competed did not formally matter for advancement, as the swimmers with the top eight times from the entire field qualified for the finals.

Lü Zhiwu from China won the gold medal with 22.37 seconds, two Japanese swimmers Masayuki Kishida and Rammaru Harada won the silver and bronze medal respectively.

Lü Zhiwu
Lü Zhiwu, more commonly spelled "Lv Zhiwu", (born March 18, 1989, in Wenzhou, Zhejiang) is a Chinese swimmer, who competed for Team China at the 2008 Summer Olympics and 2012 Summer Olympics.  At the 2012 Summer Olympics, he was part of the Chinese 4 x 200 m team that won bronze.
Revelation (Christopher Lee album)
Revelation is a solo cover album released in 2006 by actor and singer Christopher Lee. A music video for the song "My Way" (originally written by Paul Anka) was released, featuring Lee in and around his home in Cadogan Square.

Cadogan Square
Cadogan Square (/kəˈdʌɡən/) is a residential square in Knightsbridge, London, that was named after Earl Cadogan. Whilst it is mainly a residential area, some of the properties are used for diplomatic and educational purposes (notably Sussex House School).

The square is known for being one of the most expensive residential streets in the United Kingdom, with an average house price of around £5.75 million in 2013. Milner Street runs from the middle of the west side of the square.
Kurundvad Junior
Kurundvad Junior, also spelt as 'Kurundwad', was of two Maratha princely states during the British Raj: 'Kurundvad Senior' and Kurundvad Junior. The two states separated in 1854 and less than a century later, on 8 March 1948, both states acceded to the Indian Union.

With a surface of 295 km2, Kurundvad Junior was smaller than the territory ruled by the senior line. Its population in 1881 was 25,811 and in 1901 it had risen to 34,003.

Like Kurundvad Senior, Kurundvad Junior State was administered as part of the Deccan States Agency of the Bombay Presidency. Its capital was at Kurundvad a small town by the Panchganga river in Kolhapur district. Although they held different territories, the capital, Kurundvad, was shared between the two states. The territory of both was widely scattered, forming enclaves within other native states and British districts.

Instrument of Accession
The Instrument of Accession was a legal document first introduced by the Government of India Act 1935 and used in 1947 to enable each of the rulers of the princely states under British paramountcy to join one of the new dominions of India or Pakistan created by the Partition of British India.

The instruments of accession executed by the rulers, provided for the accession of states to the Dominion of India (or Pakistan) on three subjects, namely, defence, external affairs and communications.