hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Isomaltose
Isomaltose is a disaccharide similar to maltose, but with a α-(1-6)-linkage instead of the α-(1-4)-linkage. Both of the sugars are dimers of glucose, which is a pyranose sugar. Isomaltose is a reducing sugar. Isomaltose is produced when high maltose syrup is treated with the enzyme transglucosidase (TG) and is one of the major components in the mixture isomaltooligosaccharide.

It is a product of the caramelization of glucose.

Caramelization
Caramelization (or caramelisation) is a process of browning of sugar used extensively in cooking for the resulting butter-like flavor and brown color. The brown colors are produced by three groups of polymers: caramelans (C24H36O18), caramelens (C36H50O25), and caramelins (C125H188O80). As the process occurs, volatile chemicals such as diacetyl (known for its intense butter-like taste) are released, producing the characteristic caramel flavor.

Like the Maillard reaction, caramelization is a type of non-enzymatic browning. Unlike the Maillard reaction, caramelization is  pyrolytic, as opposed to being a reaction with amino acids.

When caramelization involves the disaccharide sucrose, it is broken down into the monosaccharides fructose and glucose.
Penne Nee Vaazhga
Penne Nee Vaazhga (pronounced [peɳɳeː n̪iː ʋaːɻɡa] transl. Oh woman, may you live long!) is a 1967 Indian Tamil-language film produced and directed by P. Madhavan, starring Jaishankar and K. R. Vijaya. It was released on 14 January 1967 and emerged a success.

P. Madhavan
Palakrishnan Madhavan (1 January 1928 – 16 December 2003) was an Indian film director and producer in Tamil cinema in the 1960s and 1970s. Madhavan has directed 49 films and produced 39 films under the banner Arun Prasad Movies.
David Elliott (politician)
David Andrew Elliott (born 11 June 1970) is an Australian former politician. Elliott served as the New South Wales Minister for Transport and the Minister for Veterans in the Perrottet ministry between 21 December 2021 and 25 March 2023. Elliott was a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly representing Baulkham Hills for the Liberal Party between 2011 and 2023.

Elliott served as the Minister for Police and Emergency Services between April 2019 and December 2021 in the second Berejiklian ministry and the first arrangement of the Perrottet ministry. Elliott was Minister for Counter Terrorism from January 2017 until March 2019 and Minister for Corrections and Minister for Veterans Affairs from April 2015 until March 2019 in the first Berejiklian ministry. He was Minister for Emergency Services between 2015 and 2017 in the second Baird government.

Baird ministry (2015–2017)
The Second Baird ministry was the 95th ministry of the Government of New South Wales, and was led by Mike Baird, the state's 44th Premier. It is the second and subsequent of two occasions when Baird served as Premier.

The Liberal–National coalition ministry was formed following the 2015 state election where the Baird government was re-elected.
Leonard Zeskind
Leonard Harold Zeskind (November 14, 1949 – April 15, 2025) was an American journalist and human rights activist. He was president of the Institute for Research and Education of Human Rights (IREHR), a social justice and public affairs watchdog organization. Zeskind wrote the 2009 book Blood and Politics, about the history of xenophobia and white nationalism in American politics.

Watchdog journalism
Watchdog journalism is a form of investigative journalism in which journalists, authors or publishers of a news publication fact-check and interview political and public figures to increase accountability in democratic governance systems.
Victor Găureanu
Victor Dan Găureanu, better known as Dan Găureanu  (15 November 1967 – 20 May 2017) was a Romanian fencer.

He competed in the sabre events at the 1992 and 2000 Summer Olympics. He won the bronze medal at the 1999 World Fencing Championships after he was defeated by Wiradech Kothny, who eventually won the gold medal. As part of the Romanian team he earned two bronze medals at the World Championships.

He died on 20 May 2017.

Sabre (fencing)
The sabre (US English: saber, both pronounced /ˈseɪbər/) is one of the three disciplines of modern fencing alongside foil & epee. The sabre weapon is for thrusting and cutting with both the cutting edge and the back of the blade (unlike the other modern fencing weapons, the épée and foil, where a touch is scored only using the point of the blade).

The informal term sabre fencer refers to sabre fencers of both genders.
W.E. Chilton II House
W. E. Chilton II House is a historic home located at Charleston, West Virginia.  It is a neo-Georgian stone house designed by nationally known architect William Lawrence Bottomley and built in 1933, for W. E. Chilton II and his wife Nancy Ruffner Chilton.  The 2+1⁄2-story central block of the house is flanked symmetrically by single-story wings.
In front of the west facade is a 90 foot by 90 foot walled forecourt paved in flagstone and Belgian block and cobblestones that were originally used on Philadelphia streets.

The house remains a private residence.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984 as part of the South Hills Multiple Resource Area.

Sett (paving)
A sett, also known as a block or Belgian block, is a broadly rectangular quarried stone used in paving roads and walkways. Formerly in widespread use, particularly on steeper streets because setts provided horses' hooves with better grip than a smooth surface, they are now encountered more usually as decorative stone paving in landscape architecture. Setts may be referred to incorrectly as cobblestones, but a sett is distinct from a cobblestone in that it is quarried or worked to a regular shape, whereas the latter is generally a small, naturally rounded rock. Setts are usually made of granite.
Runnin' for the Red Light (I Gotta Life)
"Runnin' for the Red Light (I Gotta Life)" is a song performed by Meat Loaf. The song was released on April 15, 1996, as the third single from Meat Loaf's seventh studio album, Welcome to the Neighborhood (1995), reaching number 21 on the UK Singles Chart and number two on the UK Rock and Metal Singles Chart.

The song's chorus is lifted from INXS and Jimmy Barnes' cover of "Good Times" by Australian rock band the Easybeats, so Easybeats members Harry Vanda and George Young are credited as writers. The song's full writing credits list Vanda and Young alongside Meat Loaf, Patti Russo and Sarah Durkee.

Harry Vanda
Johannes Hendrikus Jacob van den Berg (born 22 March 1946), better known as Harry Vanda, is a Dutch-Australian musician, songwriter and record producer. He is the last surviving member of the 1960s Australian rock band the Easybeats who with fellow member George Young formed the 1970s and 1980s songwriting and record production duo Vanda & Young.

van den Berg is the last surviving member of the Easybeats, as of February 2025, following the death of the band's drummer, Gordon "Snowy" Fleet.

In September 2025, Vanda released his debut solo single "Devil Loose".
HMS Devastation (1871)
HMS Devastation was the first of two Devastation-class mastless turret ships built for the Royal Navy. This was the first class of ocean-going capital ships that did not carry sails, and the first in which the entire main armament was mounted on top of the hull rather than inside it.

Capital ship
The capital ships of a navy are its most important warships; they are generally the larger ships when compared to other warships in their respective fleet. A capital ship is generally a leading or a primary ship in a naval fleet.
Jiří Šisler
Jiří Šisler (born 24 November 1984) is a former professional Czech football player, who played in the Czech First League for clubs including Most, Kladno and Bohemians 1905. He played on loan at Bohemians Prague during the first part of the 2007–08 Czech 2. Liga, leading the team with nine league goals. His brother Jan Sisler is also a football midfielder.

SK Kladno
Sportovní klub Kladno, commonly known as SK Kladno, is a football club from Kladno, Czech Republic. It plays in the Bohemian Football League (third tier of the Czech football system). The club was founded on 15 February 1903. The team plays at the Stadion Františka Kloze, named after legendary player of this club František Kloz. At the time of the Czechoslovak First League, SK Kladno has spent most of its history in the top division, but from 2011, it plays in amateur tiers.
Seongjong of Joseon
Seongjong (Korean: 성종; Hanja: 成宗; 28 August 1457 – 29 January 1495), personal name Yi Hyeol (이혈; 李娎), was the ninth monarch of the Joseon dynasty of Korea. Before succeeding his sickly uncle, King Yejong, he was known as Grand Prince Jalsan (잘산대군; 乽山大君).

Cheongju Han clan
The Cheongju Han clan (Korean: 청주 한씨) is a Korean clan  well known for their many female members including six queens.

The Cheongju Han clan was one of the most prominent clans during the Goryeo period and Joseon period, currently, the Cheongju Han is known as a clan that has long been prominent in Korean politics, public service, business and arts.
Malinslee Chapel
Malinslee Chapel was a Norman chapel located within the grounds of Malinslee Hall, Malinslee. Today, the remains of the chapel are located in Telford Town Park, Telford. The chapel is now in ruins but the east wall still contains two well splayed Norman lights with a round arched niche between.

Niche (architecture)
In architecture, a niche (CanE, UK: /ˈniːʃ/ or US: /ˈnɪtʃ/) is a recess or cavity constructed in the thickness of a wall for the reception of decorative objects such as statues, busts, urns, and vases. In Classical architecture examples are an exedra or an apse that has been reduced in size, retaining the half-dome heading usual for an apse. In the first century B.C, there was no exact mention of niches, but rather a zotheca or small room. These rooms closely resemble alcoves similar to a niche but slightly larger. Different sizes and sculpture methods suggest the term niche was understood. Greeks and Romans especially, used niches for important family tombs.
William Phillips (director)
William Phillips is a Canadian film director and screenwriter. After graduating from the University of Toronto with a bachelor of science, Phillips studied film at Ryerson University. Phillips then ran a film production company entitled Grandview Products and worked on the second-unit of the film Cube. After directing two short films, Milkman and Deep Cut, Phillips wrote and directed his first feature film in 2001, Treed Murray. The film earned five Genie Awards nominations including Best Motion Picture. Williams has since directed two more major Canadian films, Foolproof and Gunless.

Genie Awards
The Genie Awards were given out annually by the Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television to recognize the best of Canadian cinema from 1980–2012. They succeeded the Canadian Film Awards (1949–1978). In 2013, the Academy merged the Genie Awards with its sister presentation for television, the Gemini Awards, to form the Canadian Screen Awards.

Genie Award candidates were selected from submissions made by the owners of Canadian films or their representatives, based on the criteria laid out in the Genie Rules and Regulations booklet which were distributed to Academy members and industry members. Peer-group juries, assembled from volunteer members of the Academy, met to watch the submissions and select a group of nominees. Academy members then voted on these nominations.
GIF art
GIF art is a form of digital art that first emerged in 1987. The technology for the animated GIF has become increasingly advanced through the years. After 2010, a new generation of artists focused on experimenting with its potential for presenting creativity on the World Wide Web. Mass access to the Internet allowed their GIFs to travel rapidly and virally online, through social platforms such as Tumblr and Giphy, and to be recognized as a new form of art.

Viral phenomenon
Viral phenomena or viral sensations are objects or patterns that are able to replicate themselves or convert other objects into copies of themselves when these objects are exposed to them. Analogous to the way in which viruses propagate, the term viral pertains to a video, image, or written content spreading to numerous online users within a short time period. This concept has become a common way to describe how thoughts, information, and trends move into and through a human population.

The popularity of viral media has been fueled by the rapid rise of social network sites,: 17  wherein audiences—who are metaphorically described as experiencing "infection" and "contamination"—play as passive carriers rather than an active role to 'spread' content, making such content "go viral".: 21  The term viral media differs from spreadable media as the latter refers to the potential of content to become viral. Memes are one known example of informational viral patterns.
Gyldenstolpe's worm skink
Gyldenstolpe's worm skink (Isopachys gyldenstolpei), also known commonly as Gyldenstolpe's isopachys and Gyldenstolpe's snake skink, is a species of lizard in the family Scincidae. The species is endemic to Thailand.

Skink
Skinks are lizards that constitute the family Scincidae, which is part of the infraorder Scincomorpha. With more than 1,500 described species across 100 different taxonomic genera, the family Scincidae is one of the most diverse families of lizards. Skinks are characterized by their smaller legs in comparison to typical lizards and are found in different habitats except arctic and subarctic regions.
Joyden's Wood
Joyden's Wood is an area of ancient woodland that straddles the border between the London Borough of Bexley in South East London and the Borough of Dartford in Kent, England. It is located 2.7 miles (4.3 km) north west of Swanley, 3.3 miles (5.3 km) south east of Bexleyheath and 3.6 miles (5.8 km) south west of Dartford. It is one of over 1,000 woodlands in the United Kingdom looked after by the Woodland Trust. The first records of a wood on this site go back to the year 1600. It is also the name of a housing estate to the east of the woodland itself.

Bexley
Bexley is an area of south-eastern Greater London, England and part of the London Borough of Bexley. It is sometimes known as Bexley Village or Old Bexley to differentiate the area from the wider borough. It is located 13 miles (21 km) east-southeast of Charing Cross and south of Bexleyheath.

Bexley was an ancient parish in the county of Kent. As part of the suburban growth of London in the 20th century, Bexley increased in population, becoming a municipal borough in 1935 and has formed part of Greater London since 1965.
Norman Crowley
Norman Crowley is an entrepreneur from County Cork, Ireland. Through the 1990s and 2010s, he built and sold several technology businesses, eventually focusing on climate change mitigation. In 2009, he created an energy project consultancy called Crowley Carbon, which has since grown into a group of environmental technology companies called CoolPlanet.

Environmental technology
Environmental technology (or envirotech) is the use of engineering and technological approaches to understand and address issues that affect the environment with the aim of fostering environmental improvement. It involves the application of science and technology in the process of addressing environmental challenges through environmental conservation and the mitigation of human impact to the environment.

The term is sometimes also used to describe sustainable energy generation technologies such as photovoltaics, wind turbines, etc.
.md
.md is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Moldova.

The price of domain registration is 450 Moldovan leu or US$39 (including VAT) per year.

The TLD is currently administered by STISC (Service for Information Technology and Cyber Security); before being merged into STISC, the Moldovan state company MoldData had an exclusive agreement to administer and distribute domain names within the .MD domain.

Country code
A country code is a short alphanumeric identification code for countries and dependent areas. Its primary use is in data processing and communications. Several identification systems have been developed.

The term country code frequently refers to ISO 3166-1 alpha-2, as well as the telephone country code, which is embodied in the E.164 recommendation by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).
Jeff McBride
Jeff McBride (born September 11, 1959), also known as "Magnus", is an American magician and magic instructor. He is known for his sleight of hand skills and specializes in the manipulation of playing cards, coins, and other small objects. His stage performances blend elements of kabuki, a Japanese theater form, with traditional conjuring. He has been recognized by the Academy of Magical Arts, the Society of American Magicians, and the International Federation of Magic Societies. He has also set several Guinness World Records.

In 1991, he established the McBride Magic & Mystery School.

Card manipulation
Card manipulation, commonly known as card magic, is the branch of magic that deals with creating effects using sleight of hand techniques involving playing cards. Card manipulation is often used in magical performances, especially in close-up, parlor, and street magic. Some of the most recognized names in this field include Dai Vernon, Tony Slydini, Ed Marlo, S.W. Erdnase, Richard Turner, John Scarne, Ricky Jay and René Lavand. Before becoming world-famous for his escapes, Houdini billed himself as "The King of Cards".  Among the more well-known card tricks relying on card manipulation are Ambitious Card, and Three-card Monte, a common street hustle also known as Find the Lady.
Michael Garber
Michael Garber QC (May 10, 1892 – January 20, 1977) was a Montreal-based lawyer and a Canadian Jewish community activist. He was a founder of the Canadian Jewish Congress, and succeeded Samuel Bronfman as president for two terms, from 1962 to 1968, after having chaired its national executive for a number of years. He was also a president of the Zionist Organization of Canada, wrote a column for the Canadian Jewish Chronicle, and contributed to the Yiddish newspaper Der Keneder Adler.

Zionist Organization of Canada
The Zionist Organization of Canada was a political and philanthropic organization that acted as the official voice of Zionism in Canada from 1898 until 1978. It was a member of the World Zionist Organization. It was known as the Federation of Zionist Societies of Canada until 1921.
Ogin-sama
Ogin-sama (お吟さま, Ogin-sama) is a jidaigeki novel written by Tōkō Kon and published in 1956. Kon won the Naoki Prize for the novel.

The novel deals with Sen no Rikyū's daughter Ogin and Takayama Ukon. The novel was adapted into film twice.

Justo Takayama
Justo Takayama Ukon (ジュスト高山右近),  born Takayama Hikogorō (高山彦五郎) and also known as Dom Justo Takayama (c. 1552/1553 - 5 February 1615) was a Japanese Catholic daimyō and samurai during the Sengoku period that saw rampant anti-Catholic sentiment.

Takayama was baptized into the Catholic Church in 1564 when he was twelve, though he later became disenfranchised from his religion due to his actions as a samurai. He eventually renewed his faith after a coming-of-age ritual near the age of 20. He renounced his samurai status to devote himself to Christianity and was exiled to Manila in 1614, where he lived until his death two months later.

At the beginning of his beatification process he was declared a Servant of God. Pope Francis beatified him on 21 January 2016; the celebration was held on 7 February 2017 in Osaka with Cardinal Angelo Amato presiding on the pope's behalf.
Antisymmetric exchange
In physics, antisymmetric exchange, also known as the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI), is a contribution to the total magnetic exchange interaction between two neighboring magnetic spins,  and . Quantitatively, it is a term in the Hamiltonian which can be written as

.

In magnetically ordered systems, it favors a spin canting of otherwise parallel or antiparallel aligned magnetic moments and thus, is a source of weak ferromagnetic behavior in an antiferromagnet. The interaction is fundamental to the production of magnetic skyrmions and explains the magnetoelectric effects in a class of materials termed multiferroics.

Antiferromagnetism
Antiferromagnetism is a type of magnetic ordering, just like ferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism. In antiferromagnets the individual magnetic dipoles are oriented in a way such that the bulk of the material has a vanishing total magnetization. In the simplest model, as shown in the picture on the right, neighboring moments in an ordered lattice are oriented antiparallel to one another. Since there are multiple ways of arranging magnetic moments on a lattice (especially in three dimensions), there exist various types of antiferromagnetic ordering. The phenomenon of antiferromagnetism was first introduced by Lev Landau in 1933.

Generally, antiferromagnetic order may exist at sufficiently low temperatures, but vanishes at and above the Néel temperature – named after Louis Néel, who had first identified this type of magnetic ordering. Above the Néel temperature, the material is typically paramagnetic.
A Fighter's Blues
A Fighter's Blues (Chinese: 阿虎) is a 2000 Hong Kong drama film written and directed by Daniel Lee, produced by and starring Andy Lau. Lau, who displays profound emotions as a kickboxer who persistently pursues dignity and honorary value in the film, was awarded the Golden Bauhinia Awards for Best Actor for his performance. Released on 21 December 2000, A Fighter's Blues is Lau's 100th film role.

Golden Bauhinia Awards
The Golden Bauhinia Awards (simplified Chinese: 金紫荆奖; traditional Chinese: 金紫荊獎) were Hong Kong film awards organised by the Hong Kong Film Critics Association. Its first award presentation ceremony took place in 1996.

The award attracted controversy in 2007, when ten nominations were given to Pang Ho-Cheung’s Exodus before it had been screened anywhere publicly and the Best Film Award was shared by three movies. Its credibility under intense scrutiny, the association decided to suspend the award until further notice.
Granzyme A
Granzyme A (GzmA, EC 3.4.21.78, CTLA3, HuTPS, T-cell associated protease 1, cytotoxic T lymphocyte serine protease, TSP-1, T-cell derived serine proteinase) is a tryptase and is one of the five granzymes encoded in the human genome. In humans, GzmA is encoded by the GZMA gene in proximity to the GZMK gene on chromosome 5. This enzyme is present in cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) granules.

GzmA cleaves proteins after arginine or lysine basic residues. In CTL-targeted cells, it activates caspase-independent programmed cell death pathways that are unique and parallel to that of Granzyme B, although some substrates such as PARP-1 and lamin B are shared with Granzyme B. Substrates of GzmA include Pro-IL-1β, NDUFS3, SET, APE1, and Ku70 among others. In vitro studies suggest that GzmA may have less cytotoxic capabilities than GzmB.

In colorectal cancer, GzmA was associated with promotion of cancer development, which may be due to activation of inflammation-inducing cytokines from macrophages.

Interleukin 1 beta
Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) also known as leukocytic pyrogen, leukocytic endogenous mediator, mononuclear cell factor, lymphocyte activating factor and other names, is a pro-inflammatory cytokine protein that in humans is encoded by the IL1B gene.