hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Memantine
Memantine, sold under the brand name Namenda among others, is a medication used to slow the progression of moderate-to-severe Alzheimer's disease. It is taken by mouth.

Common side effects include headache, constipation, sleepiness, and dizziness. Severe side effects may include blood clots, psychosis, and heart failure. It is believed to work by acting on NMDA receptors, working as a pore blocker of these ion channels.

Memantine was first discovered in 1963. It was approved for medical use in Germany in 1989, in the European Union in 2002, and in the United States in 2003. It is available as a generic medication. In 2023, it was the 145th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 3 million prescriptions.

Side effect
In medicine, a side effect is an unintended effect caused by a medicinal drug or other treatment's capacities or properties, and these effects are often adverse but sometimes beneficial. Herbal and traditional medicines also have side effects.

A drug or procedure usually used for a specific effect may be used specifically because of a beneficial side-effect; this is termed "off-label use" until such use is approved. For instance, X-rays have long been used as an imaging technique; the discovery of their oncolytic capability led to their use in radiotherapy for ablation of malignant tumours.
Boychev
Boychev is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Hristo Boychev (born 1950), Bulgarian novelist

Lachezar Boychev (born 1957), Bulgarian rower

Nikola Boychev (born 1979), Bulgarian footballer

Radoslav Boychev (born 1981), Bulgarian politician

Radoslav Boychev
Radoslav Nikolov Boychev (born 1 January 1981) is a Bulgarian politician, member of the parliamentary group of There is Such a People in the XLVI National Assembly. He was an operative officer in the State Security Service.
Abraham Lincoln Bridge
The Abraham Lincoln Bridge is a six-lane, single-deck cable-stayed bridge carrying northbound Interstate 65 across the Ohio River, connecting Louisville, Kentucky, and Jeffersonville, Indiana.  It and the adjacent John F. Kennedy Memorial Bridge form a set of twin bridges both carrying Interstate 65 traffic.

The main span is 700 feet (213 m) (two spans) and the bridge has a total length of 2,100 feet (640 m). It is named after U.S. President Abraham Lincoln, who was born in Kentucky and grew up in Southern Indiana.

Twin bridges
Twin bridges are a set of two bridges running parallel to each other.  A pair of twin bridges is often referred to collectively as a twin-span or dual-span bridge.  Twin bridges are independent structures and each bridge has its own superstructure, substructure, and foundation. Bridges of this type are often created by building a new bridge parallel to an existing one in order to increase the traffic capacity of the crossing.

Twin-span bridges may or may not have been constructed at the same time, and may not be identical or even the same type of bridge.  Many but not all twin bridges carry one-way pairs of traffic.

For a bridge owner, twin bridges can improve the maintenance and management of the structures. For motorists, twin bridges can limit the risk that both directions of traffic will be disrupted by an accident.
Riga Graduate School of Law
The Riga Graduate School of Law (abbreviated as RGSL; Latvian: Rīgas Juridiskā augstskola) in Riga, Latvia is an autonomous law school in the Baltic region offering Bachelor, Master and Doctoral studies. It was established in 1998 through an international agreement between the Governments of Sweden and Latvia and the Soros Foundation.

Law school
A law school (also known as a law centre/center, college of law, or faculty of law) is an institution, professional school, or department of a college or university specializing in legal education, usually involved as part of a process for becoming a judge, lawyer, or other legal professional within a given jurisdiction. Depending on the country, legal system, or desired qualifications, the coursework is undertaken at undergraduate, graduate, or both levels.
Mette Lindberg
Mette Lindberg (born 2 December 1983) is a Danish vocalist for psychedelic pop group The Asteroids Galaxy Tour, paired with songwriter/producer Lars Iversen.

The band has produced three studio albums to date: Fruit (2009); Out of Frequency (2012); and Bring Us Together (2014).

Lindberg appeared as a judge on the ninth season of the Danish Version of The X Factor. She mentored the 15-to-22-year-olds category. Lindberg had two acts in the final, Reem Hamze and Alex Benson, but they finished as runner-up and third placer, respectively, after the competition was won by Embrace.

Psychedelic pop
Psychedelic pop (or acid pop) is a genre of pop music that contains musical characteristics associated with psychedelic music. Developing in the mid-to-late 1960s, elements included "trippy" features such as fuzz guitars, tape manipulation, backwards recording, sitars, and Beach Boys-style harmonies, wedded to melodic songs with tight song structures. The style lasted into the early 1970s. It has seen revivals in subsequent decades by neo-psychedelic artists.
Salahaddin University-Erbil shooting
On the morning of June 28, 2022, two university professors in Salahaddin University-Erbil were killed in an armed attack by a former student. In two separate shooting incidents, the suspect killed the dean of Salahadin College of Law, Karwan Ismail, and Engineering College teacher Irdis Ezzat. Erbil Governor Omed Khoshnaw later said that Ismail died of his injuries in the hospital. Idris Izzat was alone in his house when the killer intruded to his home and killed him.
The killer was a former student of Soran University. The person had been dismissed earlier.

Omed Khoshnaw
Omed Abdulrahman Hassan known as Omed Khoshnaw (Kurdish: ئومێد خۆشناو, romanized: Umêd Xoshnaw, born 1 June 1977) is an Iraqi Kurdish politician of the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP). Khoshnaw is the current Erbil governor. He succeeded former governor Firsat Sofi, who died on 18 November 2020 due to COVID-19. From 2013 to 2021, Omed was a member of parliament and head of the KDP block in the Kurdistan Region Parliament.

Omed Khoshnaw is the mayor of Erbil city. Omed has a bachelor's degree in Media and Communications, he also finished a master's degree in Public Law.
Fred Sutton
Frederick Sutton (1836 – 26 January 1906) was a 19th-century Member of Parliament from the Hawke's Bay Region of New Zealand and an early settler, storekeeper and farmer in the area.

He represented the Napier electorate from an 1877 by-election to 1881, and then the Hawkes Bay electorate from 1881 to 1884, when he was defeated.

He died in Napier on 26 January 1906 aged 69 years, leaving a widow, one son and five or six daughters.

1884 New Zealand general election
The 1884 New Zealand general election was held on 22 July to elect a total of 95 MPs to the 9th session of the New Zealand Parliament. The Māori vote was held on 21 July. A total number of 137,686 (60.6%) voters turned out to vote. In 11 seats there was only one candidate.
Laser Chess
Laser Chess is a two-player, strategy video game modeled as a board game with chess-like pieces, most of which have mirrored surfaces, and one of which is a laser cannon. Laser Chess first appeared in Compute!'s Atari ST Disk & Magazine in 1987, written in Modula-2, winning the $5,000 first prize in the magazine's programming competition.

Ports written in BASIC and machine language were published in the June 1987 issue of Compute! for the Amiga, Commodore 64, Apple II, and Atari 8-bit computers as type-in programs. Laser Chess has been re-implemented many times, including a variant Advanced Laser Chess with a larger board and additional pieces, or the new variant LASER CHESS: Deflection with a level editor and more pieces like portals available on Steam.

Strategy video game
A strategy video game is a video game genre that emphasizes strategic or tactical planning and decision-making, often involving the indirect control of multiple units and the management of limited resources, rather than the quick reflexes typical of action games.

Strategy video games are commonly divided into two main forms: turn-based strategy (TBS), in which players act in discrete turns, and real-time strategy (RTS), in which play proceeds continuously. Many also incorporate elements such as tactics, diplomacy, economics, or exploration.

Electronic strategy games developed in part from earlier non-digital board games and wargames, and scholars note that the definition of “strategy” in games is not entirely uniform across contexts.
Sindre Marøy
Sindre Marøy (born 9 June 1982) is a Norwegian former professional footballer who played as a forward.

He hails from Hordabø and works as an engineer. He had several spells in Radøy/Manger and also played on higher levels for SK Brann and Løv-Ham. After being Løv-Ham's league top scorer in 2010, he left the club. After he retired from professional football, he rejoined the amateur side Radøy/Manger FK.

Bøvågen
Bøvågen is a small village in Alver Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located on the northern part of the island of Radøy, about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) northwest of the village of Manger. Hordabø Church is located in the village.
James Brodie (Canadian politician)
James Brodie was a Canadian politician from the Northwest Territories. He was elected to the Northwest Territories Legislative Council in the 1951 Northwest Territories general election. He won the new electoral district of Mackenzie South defeating candidate Robert Poritt. He ran for re-election in the 1954 Northwest Territories general election against Poritt and was defeated.

1954 Northwest Territories general election
The 1954 Northwest Territories general election was held on September 7, 1954. It was the only provincial / territorial election held in Canada that year.

This election saw the number of elected candidates increase by one.
Bad for Me (Chayce Beckham album)
Bad for Me is the debut studio album by American country music singer Chayce Beckham. It was released on April 5, 2024, via Wheelhouse. "23" was issued in January 2023 as the lead single, and became Beckham's first number one hit on the Billboard Country Airplay chart.

BBR Music Group
BBR Music Group (formerly Broken Bow Records) is an American record label based in Nashville. Founded in July 1999 by Benny Brown, the label specializes in country music. The label's executive vice president is Jon Loba.

Craig Morgan had the first number-one single for the label with his 2005 hit "That's What I Love About Sunday". Jason Aldean has produced the most number-one hits for the label, with twenty-one in total.

In 2009, Broken Bow Records launched a sister label, Stoney Creek Records. In August 2015, Broken Bow launched another imprint label, Wheelhouse Records, with Trace Adkins and Granger Smith the first artists signed to it.

BBR Music Group was acquired by BMG Rights Management in February 2017.
Catherine Gore
Catherine Grace Frances Gore (née Moody; 12 February 1798 – 29 January 1861), was a prolific English novelist and dramatist. The daughter of a wine merchant from Retford, Nottinghamshire, she became among the best known of the silver fork writers, who depicted gentility and etiquette in the high society of the Regency period.

High society
High society, sometimes simply Society, is the behavior and lifestyle of people with the highest levels of wealth, power, fame and social status. It includes their related affiliations, social events and practices. Upscale social clubs were open to men based on assessments of their ranking and role within high society.  In American high society, the Social Register was traditionally a key resource for identifying qualified members. For a global perspective, see upper class. The quality of housing, clothing, servants and dining were visible marks of membership.
Sint Anna ter Muiden
Sint Anna ter Muiden is a small city in the province of Zeeland, Netherlands. It is administratively a part of municipality of Sluis, and the town of Sluis lies about 1 km east. It is located on the westernmost point of the Netherlands (excluding the kingdom's other countries and its special municipalities).  It has a population of 50 (as of 2001).

Sint Anna ter Muiden was granted city rights in 1242 by the counts of Flanders, Thomas II of Savoy and Jeanne of Flanders. This makes it today the second smallest place in the Netherlands that bears this traditional designation (after Staverden with just 40 inhabitants).

Sint Anna ter Muiden was a separate municipality until 1880, when it was merged with Sluis. Prior to 1 January 2003, it was in the former municipality of Sluis-Aardenburg.

City rights in the Low Countries
City rights are a feature of the medieval history of the Low Countries, and, more generally, the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation. A liege lord, usually a count, duke or similar member of the high nobility, granted to a town or village he owned certain town privileges that places without city rights did not have.

In Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands, a town, often proudly, calls itself a city if it obtained a complete package of city rights at some point in its history. Its current population is not relevant, so there are some very small cities. The smallest is Staverden in the Netherlands, with 40 inhabitants. In Belgium, Durbuy is the smallest city, whilst the smallest in Luxembourg is Vianden.
Eberhard Wagner
Eberhard Wagner (born January 4, 1938, in Weimar) is a German regional dialect researcher, poet, playwright, and actor who focuses on local dialects. He is well-known for writing and publishing in the dialect of Upper Franconia (East Franconian German).

Upper Franconia
Upper Franconia (German: Oberfranken, pronounced [ˈoːbɐˌfʁaŋkn̩] ⓘ) is an administrative region (Regierungsbezirk) of the state of Bavaria, southern Germany. It forms part of the historically significant region of Franconia, the others being Middle Franconia and Lower Franconia, which are all part of Bavaria.

With more than 200 independent breweries which brew approximately 1000 different types of beer, Upper Franconia has the world's highest brewery-density per capita. A special Franconian beer route (Fränkische Brauereistraße) runs through many popular breweries.
James R. Hartley
James R. Hartley (1833–1868) was an MLA for Carleton County, New Brunswick from 1867 to 1868. He was also a member of the Senate of the University of New Brunswick. He was a resident of Woodstock.

He was influential in selecting the route of the Intercolonial Railway in New Brunswick.

He died at the Brayley House, Fredericton, on September 29, 1868, of typhoid fever.

In 1874, the town of Hartland was named to honour him.

Carleton County, New Brunswick
Carleton County (2021 population 26,360) is located in west-central New Brunswick, Canada.

The western border is Aroostook County, Maine, the northern border is Victoria County, and the southeastern border is York County from which it was formed in 1831. The Saint John River bisects the western section of the county. The Southwest Miramichi River flows through the eastern section of the county. Potato farming is a major industry. The scenic town of Hartland is home to the longest covered bridge in the world.
Ernest Manirumva
Ernest Manirumva (died April 9, 2009) was a leading Burundian anti-corruption activist.

Manirumva had served as the deputy chairman of the Anti-corruption and Economic Malpractice Observatory (Observatoire de lutte contre la corruption et les malversations économiques or OLUCOME), a non-governmental, anti-graft watchdog group, before his murder in 2009. The organization has been responsible for uncovering a number of corruption scandals within the Burundian government and the business community in recent years.

Ernest Manirumva was murdered in Bujumbura, on the night of 8–9 April 2009.

Watchdog journalism
Watchdog journalism is a form of investigative journalism in which journalists, authors or publishers of a news publication fact-check and interview political and public figures to increase accountability in democratic governance systems.
Ismael Cruz Córdova
Ismael Enrique Cruz Córdova (born April 7, 1987) is a Puerto Rican actor who gained national attention for his role as Mando on Sesame Street. Other credits include The Good Wife (2011), In the Blood (2014), Exposed (2016), Ray Donovan (2016), Billy Lynn's Long Halftime Walk (2016), Mary Queen of Scots (2018), Miss Bala (2019), Settlers (2021), Berlin Station (2018), The Mandalorian episode "Chapter 6: The Prisoner" (2019), The Undoing (2020), Guillermo del Toro's Cabinet of Curiosities episode "The Dreams in the Witch House" (2022), and The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power (2022–present).

Exposed (2016 film)
Exposed (originally titled Daughter of God) is a 2016 American thriller film, written and directed by Gee Malik Linton (credited as Declan Dale, when he argued against the final edit changing the entire focus of the film), in his directorial debut. The film stars Ana de Armas, Keanu Reeves, Christopher McDonald, Big Daddy Kane, and Mira Sorvino. The film was released in a limited release and through video on demand on January 22, 2016, by Lionsgate Premiere.
John Boswell (rugby union)
John Boswell (16 February 1867 – 5 January 1948) was a Scotland international rugby union player. He was the 25th President of the Scottish Rugby Union. He served in the military in the Boer War and the First World War and won the Serbian medal Order of the White Eagle in 1917. He was a Writer to the Signet and owned Garallan House near Cumnock.

Scottish Rugby Union
The Scottish Rugby Union (SRU; Scottish Gaelic: Aonadh Rugbaidh na h-Alba) is the governing body of rugby union in Scotland. Now marketed as Scottish Rugby, it is the second-oldest Rugby Union, having been founded in 1873. The SRU oversees the national league system, known as the Scottish League Championship, and the Scottish National teams. The SRU is headed by the President (Keith Wallace) and Chairman (John McGuigan), with Mark Dodson acting as the chief executive officer. Dee Bradbury became the first female president of a Tier 1 rugby nation upon her appointment on 4 August 2018.
Time (magazine)
Time is an American news magazine based in New York City. It was published weekly for nearly a century. Starting in March 2020, it transitioned to every other week. It was first published in New York City on March 3, 1923, and for many years it was run by its influential co-founder, Henry Luce.

A European edition (Time Europe) is published in London and also covers the Middle East, Africa, and, Latin America. An Asian edition (Time Asia) is based in Hong Kong. The South Pacific edition, which covers Australia, New Zealand, and the Pacific Islands, is based in Sydney. Time France began publication in 2025.

Since 2018, Time has been owned by Salesforce founder Marc Benioff, who acquired it from Meredith Corporation. Benioff currently publishes the magazine through the company Time USA, LLC.

News magazine
A news magazine is a typed, printed, and published magazine, radio, or television program, usually published weekly, consisting of articles about current events. News magazines generally discuss stories in greater depth than newspapers or newscasts do, and aim to give the consumer an understanding of the important events beyond the basic facts.
John Davies (chemist)
John Davies or Davis (fl. 1816 – 1850) was an English scientist in Victorian Manchester. He was a lecturer and private tutor who played an important role in the administration of some of the city's learned societies.

Learned society
A learned society (/ˈlɜːrnɪd/ LEHRN-id; also scholarly, intellectual, or academic society) is an organization that exists to promote an academic discipline, profession, or a group of related disciplines such as the arts and sciences. Membership may be open to all, may require possession of some qualification, or may be an honour conferred by election.

Most learned societies are non-profit organizations, and many are professional associations. Their activities typically include holding regular conferences for the presentation and discussion of new research results, and publishing or sponsoring academic journals in their discipline. Some also act as professional bodies, regulating the activities of their members in the public interest or the collective interest of the membership.
Rezgari Party
The Rezgari Party or Razkari Party (Arabic: حزب رزكاري, romanized: Ḥizb Rizkārī; Kurdish: حزبی ڕزگاری, romanized: Ḧizbî R̄izgarî) is a Lebanese-Kurdish political group that was established on 3 April 1975 by Faysal Fakhru, due to disagreement with the policies of the Kurdish Democratic Party – Lebanon (KDP-L) under Jamil Mihhu. The three main points of disagreement that led to the formation of the Rezgari Party were the KDP-L's failure to appeal to non-Kurmanji-speaking Kurds, its support for the Iraqi government's proposals in the Iraqi–Kurdish conflict, and accusations of nepotism within the party's leadership. The Rezgari Party continued to exist following the end of the Lebanese Civil War, becoming the only political party to represent Lebanon's estimated 100,000 Kurds, and aligning itself with Hezbollah and the March 8 Alliance.

Nepotism
Nepotism is the act of granting an advantage, privilege, or position to relatives in an occupation or field. These fields can include business, politics, academia, entertainment, sports, religion or health care. In concept, it is similar to cronyism.

The term originated with the assignment of nephews, sons, or other relatives to important positions by Catholic popes and bishops. Nepotism has been criticized since ancient history by philosophers, including Aristotle, Valluvar, and Confucius, condemning it as both evil and unwise.
Aydoun
Aydoun (Arabic: ايدون, alternatively Adun or Idoun or Edoun) is the name of a city in Irbid Governorate in Jordan. Some writers associate the town with the ancient city of Dium, one of the cities of the Decapolis, but this is disputed. It had a population of 63,244 as of 2018.

Dium (Coele-Syria)
Dium or Dion (Ancient Greek: Δῖον) or Dia (Δία) was a city in ancient Coele-Syria mentioned by numerous ancient writers. According to Stephanus of Byzantium, the city was a foundation of Alexander the Great, and named after the city Dium in Macedon. It was also wrongly called Pella by some ancient writers.
2017 Tennis Championships of Maui – Doubles
Jason Jung and Dennis Novikov were the defending champions but only Novikov chose to defend his title, partnering Julio Peralta. Novikov lost in the semifinals to Austin Krajicek and Jackson Withrow.

Krajicek and Withrow won the title after defeating Bradley Klahn and Tennys Sandgren 6–4, 6–3 in the final.

Austin Krajicek
Austin Krajicek (/ˈkraɪtʃɛk/ KRYE-chek; born June 16, 1990) is an American professional tennis player who specializes in doubles. He has been ranked as high as world No. 1 in doubles by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) in June 2023. He also reached a best singles ranking of No. 94 in October 2015.

Krajicek has won 15 doubles titles on the ATP Tour. Since partnering with Ivan Dodig in 2021, Krajicek has won one ATP 1000 title at 2023 Monte Carlo Masters, and his first major title at the 2023 French Open, a victory that crowned him the ATP world No. 1 in June 2023.

A former player for Texas A&M University, Krajicek won the national doubles title at the 2011 NCAA Division I Tennis Championships, the first in the program's history. He turned professional in 2012 and made his top 100 singles debut in 2015, a year in which he made the quarterfinals of the ATP 500 in Tokyo and broke through on the major level by reaching the second round of the US Open.