hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Modern Lhasa Tibetan grammar
Tibetan grammar describes the morphology, syntax and other grammatical features of Lhasa Tibetan, a Sino-Tibetan language. Lhasa Tibetan is typologically an ergative–absolutive language. Nouns are generally unmarked for grammatical number, but are marked for case. Adjectives are never marked and appear after the noun. Demonstratives also come after the noun but these are marked for number. Verbs are possibly the most complicated part of Tibetan grammar in terms of morphology. The dialect described here is the colloquial language of Central Tibet, especially Lhasa and the surrounding area, but the spelling used reflects classical Tibetan, not the colloquial pronunciation.

Ü-Tsang
Ü-Tsang (Tibetan: དབུས་གཙང་, Wylie: dbus gtsang) is one of the three Tibetan regions, the others being Amdo to the northeast and Kham to the east. Geographically Ü-Tsang covers the Yarlung Tsangpo drainage basin, the western districts surrounding and extending past Mount Kailash, and much of the Changtang plateau to the north. The Himalayas define Ü-Tsang's southern border.

Ü-Tsang is the cultural heartland of the Tibetan people. It was formed by the merging of two earlier power centers of Ü (Wylie: dbus), controlled by the Gelug lineage of Tibetan Buddhism under the early Dalai Lamas, and Tsang (Wylie: gtsang), which extended from Gyantse to the west and was controlled by the rival Sakya lineage. Military victories by the Khoshut Güshi Khan who had backed the 5th Dalai Lama consolidated power over the combined region. The region of Ngari in the northwest was incorporated into Ü-Tsang after the Tibet–Ladakh–Mughal War.
Tengku Muhammad Ismail
Tengku Muhammad Ismail ibni Al-Wathiqu Billah Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin (Jawi: تڠكو محمد إسماعيل ابن الواثق بالله سلطان ميزان زين العابدين; born 1 March 1998) is a member of the Terengganu royal family who is the Yang di-Pertuan Muda (Crown Prince) of Terengganu and heir apparent to the Terengganu throne. He is the eldest son of Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin. He was the Regent of Terengganu when his father reigned as the 13th Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia from 2006 to 2011.

Sultan of Terengganu
The Sultan of Terengganu (Malay: Sultan Terengganu, Jawi: سلطان ترڠݢانو) is the title of the constitutional head of Terengganu state in Malaysia. The current sultan, Mizan Zainal Abidin of Terengganu, is the 18th sultan and 13th Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia from 2006 to 2011. He is the head of Islam in the state and the source of all titles, honours and dignities in the state.
Geep Pond
Geep Pond is a pond on Bird Island in the South Georgia archipelago. It is west of Stejneger Peak in Bottom Meadow and drains into Payne Creek.

In 2012, the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee named it onomatopoetically, deriving it from the English acronym "GP", thus referencing the local population of giant petrel.

Payne Creek (Antarctica)
Payne Creek (54°0′S 38°4′W﻿ / ﻿54.000°S 38.067°W﻿ / -54.000; -38.067) is a narrow cove just south of Goldcrest Point along the west side of Bird Island, South Georgia. Named by United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) for Michael R. Payne, British Antarctic Survey (BAS) principal investigator on fur seals, Bird Island, 1971–74.
2022–23 Mount St. Mary's Mountaineers men's basketball team
The 2022–23 Mount St. Mary's Mountaineers men's basketball team represented Mount St. Mary's University in the 2022–23 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Mountaineers, led by fifth-year head coach Dan Engelstad, played their home games at Knott Arena in Emmitsburg, Maryland as first-year members of the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference (MAAC).

The Mountaineers finished the season 13–20, 8–12 in MAAC play, to finish in a tie for ninth place. In the MAAC tournament, they defeated Canisius in the first round before falling to top-seeded and eventual tournament champions Iona in the quarterfinals.

2023 MAAC men's basketball tournament
The 2023 Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference men's basketball tournament was the postseason men's basketball tournament for the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference for the 2022–23 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The tournament was played March 7–11, 2023, at the Jim Whelan Boardwalk Hall in Atlantic City, New Jersey, for the fourth year in a row. The tournament winner received the conference's automatic bid to the 2023 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament. The defending champions were the Saint Peter's Peacocks.
Steven Cottle
Steven Cottle (born 24 August 1984) is a New Zealand rower.

In 2006 Cottle was selected as the number two oarsman in the New Zealand coxed four, alongside James Dallinger, Paul Gerritsen, Dane Boswell and cox Daniel Quigley. They won gold at the FISA Under 23 World Championships also setting a new world-record time of 6.03 in Hazewinkel, Belgium  and bronze at the World Championships in Eton, UK.

Dorney Lake
Dorney Lake (also known as Eton College Rowing Centre, and as Eton Dorney as a 2012 Summer Olympics venue) is a purpose-built rowing lake and Meetings & Events Venue in England. It is near the village of Dorney, Buckinghamshire, and is around 3 km (2 miles) west of Windsor and Eton, close to the River Thames.

The lake is privately owned and financed by Eton College, which spent £17 million developing it. Additional grants, totalling £500,000, were obtained from Sport England, UK Sport, the DCMS and SEEDA in order to build the lake's finish tower.  The project was completed in 2006, after 10 years of construction. The facilities are hired out for rowing, as well as for canoeing, Hospitality, dragon boating, and triathlon.
A.E.R. (automobile)
A.E.R. was a French automobile manufacturer and one-time subsidiary of B.N.C.; the marque offered two cars patterned on American models. One was a sidevalve 1991cc six-cylinder with CIME engine; the other used a Lycoming side valve straight-eight of 4241 cc and Delaunay-Belleville chassis. Unusually, suspension was by a pneumatic device which soon proved unreliable. Production ceased after one year of manufacture (1930), but the cars were later reissued under the name Aigle, in models using conventional suspension.

Pneumatics
Pneumatics (from Greek πνεῦμα pneuma 'wind, breath') is the use of gas or pressurized air to create mechanical motion in mechanical systems.

Pneumatic systems used in industry are commonly powered by compressed air or compressed inert gases. A centrally located and electrically powered compressor powers cylinders, air motors, pneumatic actuators, and other pneumatic devices. A pneumatic system controlled through manual or automatic solenoid valves is selected when it provides a lower cost, more flexible, or safer alternative to electric motors, and hydraulic actuators.

Pneumatics also has applications in dentistry, construction, mining, and other areas.
Hannah Soar
Hannah Soar (born June 4, 1999) is an American freestyle skier who competes internationally.

She competed in the FIS Freestyle Ski and Snowboarding World Championships 2021, where she placed tenth in women's ski moguls.

She competed at the 2022 Winter Olympics.

Freestyle skiing
Freestyle skiing is a  skiing discipline comprising aerials, moguls, cross, half-pipe, slopestyle and big air as part of the Winter Olympics. It can consist of a skier performing aerial flips and spins and can include skiers sliding rails and boxes on their skis. Known as "hot-dogging" in the early 1970s, it is also commonly referred to as freeskiing, jibbing, and many other names, around the world.
Cea (surname)
Cea is the surname of:

Edmundo B. Cea (1911–1993), Filipino politician

Eusebio Rodolfo Cordón Cea (1899–1966), provisional president of El Salvador in 1962

Jean Céa (born 1932), French mathematician

José Pedro Cea (1900–1970), Uruguayan footballer

José Roberto Cea (born 1939), Salvadoran novelist and poet

Ricardo Mella Cea (1861–1925), Spanish writer, intellectual and anarchist activist

Severo Cea (fl. 1913–1935), Filipino politician

Ricardo Mella
Ricardo Mella Cea (13 April 1861 – 7 August 1925) was one of the early writers, intellectuals and anarchist activists of the late 19th and early 20th centuries in Spain. He was characterized as an erudite in various subjects and versed in languages, mastering French, English and Italian. Federica Montseny said "He is considered the deepest, most penetrating and most lucid of the Spanish anarchist thinkers". He was the father of feminist activist Urania Mella and socialist politician Ricardo Mella Serrano.
Brisinga synaptoma
Brisinga synaptoma is a species of starfish in the family Brisingidae. It has 12 to 15 arms and a very long genital area crossed by 35 to 40 irregular costae. The scientific name of the species, as Craterobrisinga synaptoma, was published in 1917 by Walter Kenrick Fisher. The description was based on one specimen dredged up from 1,588 fathoms (2,904 meters) at Sampling Station 3342 of the Albatross research vessel, off the coast of British Columbia.

Rib
In vertebrate anatomy, ribs (Latin: costae) are the long curved bones which form the rib cage, part of the axial skeleton. In most tetrapods, ribs surround the thoracic cavity, enabling the lungs to expand and thus facilitate breathing by expanding the thoracic cavity. They serve to protect the lungs, heart, and other vital organs of the thorax. In some animals, especially snakes, ribs may provide support and protection for the entire body.
Adolf Hendrik van Rechteren, Lord of Almelo
Adolf Hendrik van Rechteren, Lord of Almelo (10 March 1656 – 15 March 1731) was a Dutch nobleman, diplomat, and statesman from Overijssel. A member of the influential Van Rechteren family, he served as representative of his province in the States General and later as Dutch envoy to the imperial court in Vienna. In 1705 he was elevated to the rank of Count by Emperor Leopold I. He served as field deputy in the Dutch States Army in 1702, 1703 and 1708.

Overijssel
Overijssel (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌoːvərˈɛisəl] ⓘ; Dutch Low Saxon: Oaveriessel [ˌɒːvərˈiːsl̩]; German: Oberyssel; lit. 'Outer IJssel') is a province of the Netherlands located in the eastern part of the country. The province borders Drenthe to the north, Friesland to the north-west, Flevoland (and a small part of the IJsselmeer) to the west, Gelderland to the south and west, and Germany's states of Lower Saxony and North Rhine-Westphalia to the east. Overijssel had a population of about 1,184,000 as of January 2023.

The province's name comes from the perspective of the Episcopal principality of Utrecht, which held the territory until 1528. The capital city of Overijssel is Zwolle (pop. 132,441) and the largest city is Enschede (pop. 161,235). The land mostly consists of grasslands and some forests (including Sallandse Heuvelrug National Park).
Vallone
Vallone is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Charles J. Vallone (1901–1967), Italian American judge

Eleonora Vallone (born 1955), Italian actress and model

John Vallone (1953–2004), American production designer and art director

Paul Vallone (1967–2024), American politician

Peppino Vallone (born 1949), Italian politician

Peter Vallone Jr. (born 1961), American lawyer and politician

Peter Vallone Sr. (born 1934), American politician

Raf Vallone (1916–2002), Italian footballer and actor

Roberto Vallone (1915–2001), Italian racing driver

Peter Vallone Sr.
Peter Fortunate Vallone Sr. (born December 13, 1934) is an American politician and attorney from the state of New York. A Democrat, Vallone served on the New York City Council from 1974 to 2001 and served as speaker of the Council from 1990 to 2001. Vallone was the Democratic candidate for governor of New York in 1998, losing the election to Republican incumbent Gov. George Pataki.
Abergorlech
Abergorlech is a village 13 kilometres (8 mi) to the north-west of Llandeilo in Carmarthenshire, Wales. It lies on the River Cothi on the B4310 road, between Brechfa to the southwest and Llansawel to the northeast.

The Pont Cothi bridge, which crosses the River Cothi in the centre of the village, is a grade II* listed building.

Abergorlech gets its name from the Afon Gorlech, a minor river which joins the Cothi on the eastern edge of the village.

The village is connected to Dafydd Gorlech (fl. c. 1410–1490), one of the poets of the nobility.

Dafydd Gorlech
Dafydd Gorlech (c. 1410 – c. 1490) was a Welsh language poet.

Dafydd's poetry is characterised by prophetic themes.  His other surviving work suggests that he was captured alongside Sir Roger Vaughan by Jasper Tudor. Sir Roger was executed whereas Dafydd survived.
Zia Mahmood
Mir Zia Mahmood (born 7 January 1946) is a Pakistani-American professional bridge player. He is a World Bridge Federation and American Contract Bridge League Grand Life Master. As of April 2011 he was the 10th-ranked World Grand Master.

American Contract Bridge League
The American Contract Bridge League (ACBL) is a governing body for contract bridge in the United States, Canada, Mexico, and Bermuda. It is the largest such organization in North America having the stated mission "to promote, grow and sustain the game of bridge and serve the bridge-related interests of our Members." Its major activities are:

sanctioning games at local bridge clubs and regional events

certifying bridge teachers and club directors

conducting the North American Bridge Championships (NABC)

providing education materials and services

administering the ACBL masterpoints system for tracking player performance

providing oversight for ethical behavior and play

representing the interests of its members with the World Bridge Federation.

As of 2025, it had more than 130,000 members.
Colour centre
The colour centre is a region in the brain primarily responsible for visual perception and cortical processing of colour signals received by the eye, which ultimately results in colour vision. The colour centre in humans is thought to be located in the ventral occipital lobe as part of the visual system, in addition to other areas responsible for recognising and processing specific visual stimuli, such as faces, words, and objects. Many functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies in both humans and macaque monkeys have shown colour stimuli to activate multiple areas in the brain, including the fusiform gyrus and the lingual gyrus. These areas, as well as others identified as having a role in colour vision processing, are collectively labelled visual area 4 (V4). The exact mechanisms, location, and function of V4 are still being investigated.

Lingual gyrus
The lingual gyrus, also known as the medial occipitotemporal gyrus, is a brain structure that is linked to processing vision, especially related to letters. It is thought to also play a role in analysis of logical conditions (i.e., logical order of events) and encoding visual memories. It is named after its shape, which is somewhat similar to a tongue. Contrary to the name, the region has little to do with speech.

It is believed that a hypermetabolism of the lingual gyrus is associated with visual snow.
Hot air engine
A hot air engine (historically called an air engine or caloric engine) is any heat engine that uses the expansion and contraction of air under the influence of a temperature change to convert thermal energy into mechanical work.  These engines may be based on a number of thermodynamic cycles encompassing both open cycle devices such as those of Sir George Cayley and John Ericsson and the closed cycle engine of Robert Stirling. Hot air engines are distinct from the better known internal combustion based engine and steam engine.

In a typical implementation, air is repeatedly heated and cooled in a cylinder and the resulting expansion and contraction are used to move a piston and produce useful mechanical work.

Caloric theory
The caloric theory is a superseded scientific theory that heat consists of a self-repellent fluid called "caloric" that flows from hotter bodies to colder bodies.  Caloric was also thought of as a weightless gas that could pass in and out of pores in solids and liquids. The caloric theory was superseded by the mid-19th century in favor of the mechanical theory of heat, but nevertheless persisted in some scientific literature—particularly in more popular treatments—until the end of the 19th century.
Kuntur Wasi (Peru)
Kuntur Wasi (Quechua kuntur condor, wasi rock, "condor house", also spelled Condorhuasi) is a mountain in the Wansu mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about 4,800 metres (15,748 ft) high. It is situated in the Apurímac Region, Antabamba Province, Juan Espinoza Medrano District. Kuntur Wasi lies west of the peaks of Quri Pawkara and northwest of Yana Uqhu and Yuraq Qaqa.

Juan Espinoza Medrano District
Juan Espinoza Medrano District is one of the seven districts in the province of Antabamba, Peru. The district is named after Juan de Espinosa Medrano, the most prominent figure of the Literary Baroque of Peru.
Liang (state)
Liang (Chinese: 梁; pinyin: Liáng) was one of the states during the Spring and Autumn period of ancient China, bordering the State of Qin, which collapsed due to internal strife and was later annexed by Duke Mu of Qin in 641 BCE. The rulers of Liang had the surname Ying (嬴). The capital of Liang was located south of modern City of Hancheng in Shaanxi.

In 703 BC, the rulers of the five states of Western Guo, Rui, Xun (荀國) and Jia (賈國), including the State of Liang, suppressed Duke Wu of Quwo using armed force.

In 654 BC, Prince Yiwu from the State of Jin escaped to Liang. The ruler of Liang (梁伯) betrothed his daughter Liang Ying (梁嬴) to Prince Yiwu.

In 642 BC, the ruler of Liang wanted to build a new capital but it was seized by the State of Qin after it was completed.

In 641 BC, Liang was conquered by the State of Qin. According to the Zuo Zhuan, the Liang people were not able to bear the work given to them by the ruler of Liang so that the State of Qin easily conquered Liang.

Duke Wu of Jin
Duke Wu of Jin (Chinese: 晉武公; pinyin: Jìn Wǔ Gōng), personal name Ji Cheng, also known as Duke Wu of Quwo (Chinese: 曲沃武公; pinyin: Qūwò Wǔ Gōng), was the last ruler of the Quwo (曲沃) state who later became a ruler of the Jin state.
Catalan Republic (1931)
The Catalan Republic (Catalan: República Catalana, IPA: [rəˈpubːlikə kətəˈlanə]) was a state proclaimed in 1931 by Francesc Macià as the "Catalan Republic within the Iberian Federation", in the context of the proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic. It was proclaimed on 14 April 1931, and superseded three days later, on 17 April, by the Generalitat de Catalunya, the Catalan institution of self-government within the Spanish Republic.

Socialist Union of Catalonia
Socialist Union of Catalonia (in Catalan: Unió Socialista de Catalunya) was the socialist political party in Catalonia, Spain. USC was formed through a split in Spanish Socialist Workers' Party in 1923. The main leader of USC was Joan Comorera.

USC led the Unió General de Sindicats Obrers de Catalunya (UGSOC).

During the Spanish Republic, the USC was allied with the main Catalan party, ERC (Republican Left of Catalonia) in every election. In 1936 USC merged with other forces to form the Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia. At that time USC had around 5000 members.
Holocaust trains
Holocaust trains were railway transports run by the Deutsche Reichsbahn and other European railways under the control of Nazi Germany and its allies, for the purpose of forcible deportation of the Jews, as well as other victims of the Holocaust, to the Nazi concentration, forced labour, and extermination camps.

The speed at which people targeted in the "Final Solution" could be exterminated was dependent on two factors: the capacity of the death camps to gas the victims and quickly dispose of their bodies, as well as the capacity of the railways to transport the victims from Nazi ghettos to extermination camps. The most modern accurate numbers on the scale of the "Final Solution" still rely partly on shipping records of the German railways.

Jewish ghettos established by Nazi Germany
Beginning with the invasion of Poland during World War II, the Nazi regime set up ghettos across German-occupied Eastern Europe in order to segregate and confine Jews, and sometimes Romani people, into small sections of towns and cities furthering their exploitation. In German documents, and signage at ghetto entrances, the Nazis usually referred to them as Jüdischer Wohnbezirk or Wohngebiet der Juden, both of which translate as the Jewish Quarter. There were several distinct types including open ghettos, closed ghettos, work, transit, and destruction ghettos, as defined by Holocaust historians. In a number of cases, they were the place of Jewish underground resistance against the German occupation, known collectively as the ghetto uprisings.
Mayflower Hotel
The Mayflower Hotel is a historic hotel in downtown Washington, D.C., located on Connecticut Avenue NW. It is two blocks north of Farragut Square and one block north of the Farragut North Metro station. The hotel is managed by Autograph Collection Hotels, a division of Marriott International.

The Mayflower is the largest luxury hotel in Washington, D.C., the longest continuously operating hotel in the Washington metropolitan area, and a rival of the nearby Willard InterContinental Washington and Hay–Adams Hotels.

The Mayflower has been called the "Grande Dame of Washington" and the "Hotel of Presidents", President Harry S. Truman, a frequent guest of the hotel, called the Mayflower Hotel the city's "Second Best Address" after the White House. It was also a charter member of Historic Hotels of America, the official program of the National Trust for Historic Preservation. It ranked a four-star hotel.

Connecticut Avenue
Connecticut Avenue is a major thoroughfare in the Northwest quadrant of Washington, D.C., and suburban Montgomery County, Maryland. It is one of the diagonal avenues radiating from the White House. The segment south of Florida Avenue was one of the original streets in the 1791 L'Enfant Plan for the new capital city. The five-mile segment north of Rock Creek was built in the 1890s by a real-estate developer.
Uni-Norths Owls
The Uni-Norths Owls is a rugby union club located on the campus of the Australian National University (ANU) in Canberra, Australian Capital Territory. The club was a result of the merger of ANU and University of Canberra rugby clubs in 1998, with Northern Suburbs joining in 2001. The club's colours are navy, gold and green.

The Uni-Norths home playing fields and clubhouse, known as ‘The Barn’, are located on the grounds of the Australian National University and are within a few minutes walk of the Canberra CBD. The clubhouse has a second-floor balcony which overlooks the Rugby and Cricket No. 1 Oval, with a licensed bar facility and a large catered function centre.

University of Canberra
The University of Canberra (UC) is a public research university with its main campus located in Bruce, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory. The campus is 2.5 km (1.6 mi) from Belconnen Town Centre, and 8.7 km (5.4 mi) from Canberra's Civic Centre. UC offers undergraduate and postgraduate courses through five faculties: Arts and Design; Business, Government and Law; Education; Health; and Science and Technology.
Lord Lieutenant of King's County
This is a list of those who have served as Lord Lieutenant of King's County.

There were lieutenants of counties in Ireland until the reign of James II, when they were renamed governors. The office of Lord Lieutenant was recreated on 23 August 1831.

Lord-lieutenant
A lord-lieutenant (UK: /lɛfˈtɛnənt/ lef-TEN-ənt) is the British monarch's personal representative in each lieutenancy area of the United Kingdom. Historically, each lieutenant was responsible for organising the county's militia. In 1871, the lieutenant's responsibility over the local militia was removed. However, it was not until 1921 that they formally lost the right to call upon able-bodied men to fight when needed.

Lord-lieutenant is now an honorary titular position usually awarded to a notable person in the county, and despite the title of the office, may be either male or female, peer or not.