hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Croats in the Czech Republic
Croats are one of the 14 recognized minorities in the Czech Republic.

According to the 2021 census, 2,400 Croats live in the Czech Republic, half of which stated their Croatian nationality in combination with another nationality. Out of that number, 800 are descendants of the Moravian Croats, who settled in Moravia in the 16th century. They have the right to use the Croatian language in communication with Czech authorities and government according to the Charter of Fundamental Rights and Basic Freedoms of the Czech Republic.

They live primarily in the South Moravian Region, in the municipalities of Jevišovka, Dobré Pole and Nový Přerov.

Charter of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms
The Charter of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms (Czech: Listina základních práv a svobod, Slovak: Listina základných práv a slobôd) is a document enacted in 1991 by the Czechoslovak Federative Republic and currently continued as part of the constitutional systems of both the Czech Republic and Slovak Republic.
Turma do Chico Bento (video game)
Turma do Chico Bento is a farming simulation social network game developed by Insolita Studios in 2012, based on Brazilian Chuck Billy 'n' Folks popular comics characters.

Based in popular farming simulation games like FarmVille, Turma do Chico Bento's first mission is to create a personalized character, who moves to the Zucchini's Village, where players can interact with characters from Chuck Billy 'n' Folks series.

Simulation video game
Simulation video games are a diverse super-category of video games, generally designed to closely simulate real world activities. A simulation game attempts to copy various activities from real life in the form of a game for various purposes such as training, analysis, prediction, or entertainment. Usually there are no strictly defined goals in the game, and the player is allowed to control a character or environment freely. Well-known examples are war games, business games, and role play simulation. From three basic types of strategic, planning, and learning exercises: games, simulations, and case studies, a number of hybrids may be considered, including simulation games that are used as case studies. Comparisons of the merits of simulation games versus other teaching techniques have been carried out by many researchers and a number of comprehensive reviews have been published.
Bart De Pontieu
Bart De Pontieu is a solar physicist who works at Lockheed Martin's Solar & Astrophysics Laboratory. He is known for his work on the dynamics and heating of the solar chromosphere, transition region and corona, via both wave mechanisms and nanoflares.  De Pontieu has had a major role in multiple solar scientific space missions, including TRACE, Hinode, the Solar Dynamics Observatory, and IRIS. He is the Principal Investigator of the in-development Multi-slit Solar Explorer selected by NASA in February 2022.

De Pontieu is a member of the American Astronomical Society and its Solar Physics Division, as well as the American Geophysical Union and the Belgian Astronomical Society (Vereniging voor Sterrenkunde).  He was elected to the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters in 2018.

Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph
Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS), also called Explorer 94 and SMEX-12, is a NASA solar observation satellite. The mission was funded through the Small Explorer program to investigate the physical conditions of the solar limb, particularly the interface region made up of the chromosphere and transition region. The spacecraft consists of a satellite bus and spectrometer built by the Lockheed Martin Solar and Astrophysics Laboratory (LMSAL), and a telescope provided by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO). IRIS is operated by LMSAL and NASA's Ames Research Center.

The satellite's instrument is a high-frame-rate ultraviolet imaging spectrometer, providing one image per second at 0.3-arcsecond angular resolution and sub-ångström spectral resolution.

NASA announced, on 19 June 2009, that IRIS was selected from six Small Explorer mission candidates for further study, along with the Gravity and Extreme Magnetism (GEMS) space observatory.
How High (song)
"How High" is a song by American hip hop duo Method Man & Redman, released on August 15, 1995, as the duo's first single. It was originally featured on the soundtrack to the 1995 hip hop documentary film, The Show, and has since appeared on several compilation albums such as The Hip Hop Box and Def Jam's Greatest Hits, among several others. The song, produced by Erick Sermon, is the first official collaboration from longtime friends and East Coast rappers Method Man of Wu-Tang Clan and Redman of Def Squad, marking their debut as a duo.  The song performed exceptionally well commercially, reaching number 13 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart. The single has since been certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).

Def Squad
Def Squad is an American rap supergroup consisting of Erick Sermon, Redman, Keith Murray, Hurricane G, and Jamal. Before officially forming as a group to release an album in 1998, they had each been featured on tracks by each other. The Def Squad was formed following the disbandment of the Hit Squad, who broke up after the struggles between EPMD members Erick Sermon and Parrish Smith.

They are known for their remake of "Rapper's Delight" by Sugarhill Gang.

The Squad continued to record on each other's solo albums.
Rozina (Pakistani actress)
Ayesha  Qureshi, best known by her screen name Rozina (Urdu: روزینہ ; born 21 September 1950), is a Pakistani film actress. She was popularly known as The Lipton Girl and The Glamorous Actress due to her stylish and fashion roles by critics and viewers. She is known for her work in the movies like Armaan (1966), Josh (1966), Ehsaan (1967), Ishara (1968), Tum Hi Ho Mehboob Mere (1969), Khamosh Nigahen (1971), Basheera (1972), and Daulat Aur Dunya (1972). She won a Nigar Award for best supportive actress in the movie Ishara (1968). Rozina is the mother of model/actress Saima Qureshi and the aunt of actor/producer Faysal Quraishi.

Nigar Awards
The Nigar Awards (Urdu: نگارانعامات, romanized: Negār Inʿāmaʿat, lit. 'Picture Awards') were presented in an annual award show to recognize outstanding achievement in Pakistani cinema. The honors were awarded by Nigar Magazine founded in 1948. The Nigar Awards were Pakistan's version of the Academy Awards. The awards show had been discontinued for some 15 year, and a revival was planned in 2017.

The annual presentation ceremony featured performances by prominent artists. The first Nigar Awards ceremony was held in 1957, to honor the accomplishments of Pakistani cinema for the year 1956. In 2002, following the 46th Annual Nigar Awards, Nigar Magazine announced its discontinuation of the awards due to the collapse of the Pakistani cinema industry.

After a 15-year hiatus, with the revival of Pakistani cinema, the 47th Nigar Awards were announced to be held on 16 March 2017 in Karachi. They were eventually cancelled.
Zviad Shalamberidze
Zviad Shalamberidze (Georgian: ზვიად შალამბერიძე) is a Georgian politician serving as a Member of the Parliament of Georgia for the Georgian Dream—Democratic Georgia party since 2020. He is the First Deputy Chairman of the Parliamentary Committee on Regional Policy and Self-Government.

Imereti
Imereti (Georgian: იმერეთი, pronounced [imeɾetʰi]) is a region of Georgia situated in the central-western part of the republic along the middle and upper reaches of the Rioni River. Imereti is the most populous region in Georgia. It consists of 11 municipalities and the city of Kutaisi, which is the capital of the region.
Bombette
Bombette ([bomˈbette]; singular bombetta) are fresh pork meat rolls usually stuffed with cheese, salt and pepper, traditionally spread all over Apulia and prepared in the whole territory of Valle d'Itria (in particular Martina Franca, Cisternino and Locorotondo, as well as spread in most of the provinces of Taranto and Brindisi with recipes varying from place to place).

Brindisi
Brindisi (US: /ˈbrɪndɪzi, ˈbriːn-/ BRIN-diz-ee, BREEN-, Italian: [ˈbrindizi] ⓘ; Brindisino: Brìnnisi) is a city in the region of Apulia in southern Italy, the capital of the province of Brindisi, on the coast of the Adriatic Sea. Historically, the city has played an essential role in trade and culture due to its strategic position on the Italian Peninsula and its natural port on the Adriatic Sea. The city remains a major port for trade with the Balkan Peninsula, Greece and the Middle East. Its industries include agriculture, chemical works, and the generation of electricity.

From September 1943 to February 1944, Brindisi was the provisional government seat of the Kingdom of Italy.
Damerau
Damerau is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Dietmar Damerau (1935–2011), German artist

Frederick J. Damerau (1931–2009), American researcher on natural language processing and data mining
Damerau–Levenshtein distance

Damerau is also the former German name of Dąbrowa Człuchowska, a town in northern Poland

Frederick J. Damerau
Frederick J. Damerau (December 25, 1931 – January 27, 2009) was a pioneer of research on natural language processing and data mining.

After earning his B.A. from Cornell University in 1953, he spent most of his career at IBM, in the Thomas J. Watson Research Center. He holds a PhD from Yale University.

One of his most influential and ground-breaking papers was "A technique for computer detection and correction of spelling errors" published in 1964.  He also developed and patented for IBM the first algorithm for placing hyphens automatically in words.
In 1971 he published the book "Markov Models and Linguistic Theory : An Experimental Study of a Model for English."

After being active in research for over four decades, Fred Damerau died on January 27, 2009.
Shepherd's Mill
Shepherd's Mill is a gristmill in Shepherdstown, West Virginia, located on Town Run just as it descends to the Potomac River. The mill was built some time prior to 1739 by Thomas Shepherd, Sr. (1705-1776) — founder and namesake of the town — as a two-story structure. The original millwheel was probably a wood overshot wheel.  The present 40-foot-diameter (12 m) Fitz Water Wheel Company steel overshot wheel was built in 1894; with the addition of a third story in the late 19th century, the mill is more representative of that era.

Shepherdstown, West Virginia
Shepherdstown is a town in Jefferson County, West Virginia, United States. It is located in the lower Shenandoah Valley along the Potomac River and is home to Shepherd University. The town's population was 1,531 at the 2020 census. Shepherdstown was established in 1762 along with Romney; they are the oldest towns in West Virginia.
Stanislas Breton
Stanislas Breton (3 June 1912 – 2 April 2005) was a French theologian and philosopher. He taught at the École Normale Supérieure in Paris, the Catholic University of Paris and the Catholic University of Lyon.

Stanislas Breton was born in Gradignan, and at the age of fifteen entered the Passionists as a novitiate. His doctoral thesis, under Raymond Aron, was on Nicolaï Hartmann. After teaching at the Pontifical University in Rome in the 1950s, Breton became Professor of Philosophy at the University of Lyons and then at the Catholic University of Paris. In 1970 he was appointed Maître de Conférence at the École Normale Supérieure: nominated by Louis Althusser, he was the first Catholic philosopher to obtain the post.

Catholic University of Paris
The Institut catholique de Paris (French: [ɛ̃stity katɔlik də paʁi], abbr. ICP), known in English as the Catholic University of Paris (and in Latin as Universitas catholica Parisiensis), is a private university located in Paris, France.
Olduvai Gorge Museum
The Olduvai Gorge Museum (Swahili: Makumbusho ya Bonde la Oltupai) is located in the Ngorongoro Conservation Area in Northern Tanzania on the edge of the Olduvai Gorge. The museum was founded by Mary Leakey and is now under the jurisdiction of the Tanzanian government's Department of Cultural Antiquities and is managed by the Ngorongoro Conservation Area Authority. It is a museum dedicated to the appreciation and understanding of the Olduvai Gorge and Laetoli fossil sites.

Antiquities
Antiquities are objects from antiquity, especially the civilizations of the Mediterranean such as the Classical antiquity of Greece and Rome, Ancient Egypt, and the other Ancient Near Eastern cultures such as Ancient Persia (Iran).  Artifacts from earlier periods such as the Mesolithic, and other civilizations from Asia and elsewhere may also be covered by the term.  The phenomenon of giving a high value to ancient artifacts is found in other cultures, notably China, where Chinese ritual bronzes, three to two thousand years old, have been avidly collected and imitated for centuries, and the Pre-Columbian cultures of Mesoamerica, where in particular the artifacts of the earliest Olmec civilization are found reburied in significant sites of later cultures up to the Spanish Conquest.

A person who studies antiquities, as opposed to just collecting them, is often called an antiquarian.
Derek Chang
Derek Chang or Chang Hsuan-jui (Chinese: 張軒睿; pinyin: Zhāng Xuānruì; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tiuⁿ Hian-jōe, born 17 December 1992) is a Taiwanese actor. He is known for his role as Du Zhe-ming in the hit TV series Prince of Wolf (2016). In 2018, He was also nominated for the Best Leading Actor in a TV Series at the 53rd Golden Bell Awards for his performance in My Dear Boy.

Golden Bell Award for Best Male Lead in a Television Series
The Golden Bell Award for Best Male Lead in a Television Series (Chinese: 電視金鐘獎戲劇節目最佳男主角獎) is one of the categories of the competition for the Taiwanese television production, Golden Bell Awards. It was presented annually by the Government Information Office until 2011, when the Bureau of Audiovisual and Music Industry Development assumed responsibility for the Golden Bell Award ceremony. The first time that television programs were first eligible to be awarded was in 1971.
Jamaican literature
Jamaican literature is internationally renowned, with the island of Jamaica being the home or birthplace of many important authors. One of the most distinctive aspects of Jamaican literature is its use of the local dialect — a variation of English, the country's official language. Known to Jamaicans as "patois", and now sometimes described as "nation language", this creole has become an important element in Jamaican fiction, poetry and theater.

Notable writers and intellectuals from elsewhere in the Caribbean region studied at the University of the West Indies in Kingston, including St. Lucian Nobel Prize-winner, Derek Walcott, the late Guyanese historian and scholar Walter Rodney, and Grenadian poet and short story writer Merle Collins.

Patois
Patois (/ˈpætwɑː/, pl. same or /ˈpætwɑːz/) is speech or language that is considered nonstandard, although the term is not formally defined in linguistics. As such, patois can refer to pidgins, creoles, dialects or vernaculars, but not commonly to jargon or slang, which are vocabulary-based forms of cant.

In colloquial usage of the term, especially in France, class distinctions are implied by the very meaning of the term, since in French, patois refers to any sociolect associated with uneducated rural classes, in contrast with the dominant prestige language (Standard French) spoken by the middle and high classes of cities or as used in literature and formal settings (the "acrolect"). Sociolinguistics is the discipline that studies the relationship between these language varieties, how they relate to the dominant culture and, in the case of France, to national language policy.
J. Elder Wills
James Ernest Elder Wills (1900–1970) was a British person who had a lengthy career in the film industry.

He mainly worked as an art director, but he also worked in other roles, including director.

Films he was involved in include Tiger Bay, The Quatermass Xperiment, and The Men of Sherwood Forest.

He was a colonel during the Second World War who worked in I.S.R.B. designing, signing and building camouflaged explosive devices for agents operating against the Germans and Japanese. The story he wrote for the film Against the Wind was based upon his wartime experiences.

Station IX
Station IX (formerly known as the Inter-Services Research Bureau) was a secret British Special Operations Executive factory making special weapons and equipment during World War II.

The small Welbike paratrooper's motorcycle and the Welrod assassination weapon were both products of the station.
Bentonville West High School
Bentonville West High School is a public high school for students in grades nine through twelve located in Centerton, Arkansas. Founded in 2016, with a current enrollment of 2,158 students (2021-2022), Bentonville West High School is one of the two high schools in Bentonville School District. The school includes a football stadium that cost about $3.7 million to build.

Communities zoned to Bentonville West High include: much of north-east Bentonville, much of Centerton and Highfill, and small portions of Cave Springs and Rogers.

Rogers, Arkansas
Rogers is a city in Benton County, Arkansas, United States. The population was 69,908 at the 2020 census, and was estimated at 75,639 in 2024, making it the sixth-most populous city in the state. Located in the Ozarks, it is part of the three-county Northwest Arkansas metropolitan area, which had 546,725 residents in 2020.

Rogers was the location of the first Walmart store, whose corporate headquarters is located in neighboring Bentonville. The city was also the location of the first 7 Brew coffeehouse. Daisy Outdoor Products, known for its air rifles, has both its headquarters and its Airgun Museum in Rogers. The city houses a popular shopping center, the Pinnacle Hills Promenade, and a music venue, the Walmart AMP, that has housed performances by big-name artists and local performers.
Muíños
Muiños is a municipality in the province of Ourense, in the autonomous community of Galicia, Spain. It belongs to the comarca of A Baixa Limia. It has a population of 1432 as of 2023 and an area of 110 km².

Province of Ourense
Ourense (Galician: [owˈɾɛnsɪ]; Spanish: Orense [oˈɾense]) is a province of Spain, in the southeastern part of the autonomous community of Galicia. It is bordered by the provinces of Pontevedra to the west, Lugo to the north, León and Zamora, (which both belong to Castile and León) to the east, and by Portugal to the south. With an area of 7,278 square kilometres, it is the only landlocked province in Galicia. The provincial capital, Ourense, is the largest population centre, with the rest of the province being predominantly rural. It has 92 municipalities totalling 304,467 inhabitants.
Vanuatu and the United Nations
The Republic of Vanuatu has been a member of the United Nations since the year of its independence in 1980. The country was a particularly active member in the 1980s, when, governed by Prime Minister Father Walter Lini and represented by Ambassador Robert Van Lierop, it was a consistent advocate for decolonisation. Subsequently, its emphasis within the United Nations shifted to the issue of climate change and the vulnerability of Small Island Developing States.

Walter Lini
Walter Hadye Lin̄i (/heɪ.ˈdɪ li.ni/ he-di li-ni Bislama pronunciation: [haedi liŋi]; 1942 – 21 February 1999) was a Raga Anglican priest and politician who was the first Prime Minister of Vanuatu, from independence in 1980 to 1991. He was born at Agatoa village, Pentecost Island.

Lin̄i was a key figure in Vanuatu's struggle for independence. He was a key proponent of Melanesian socialism.
Casimiro Berenguer
Casimiro Berenguer Padilla was a Puerto Rican nationalist. He was the military instructor of the Cadets of the Republic (Cadetes de la República) who received permission from Ponce Mayor Tormos Diego to celebrate a parade on March 21, 1937, in commemoration of the abolition of slavery and to protest the jailing of its leaders, including Pedro Albizu Campos. The parade resulted in the police riot known as the Ponce massacre.

José Tormos Diego
José  Valentin Tormos Diego (2 November 1890 – 24 August 1977) was a Puerto Rican politician and Mayor of Ponce, Puerto Rico, from 1937 to 1941. He is best remembered for under his administration the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party received a permit for a peaceful march, which resulted in the Ponce massacre by Insular Police under authority supplied by US President Franklin Delano Roosevelt to Governor Blanton Winship. During his administration he also rebuilt the historic Teatro La Perla, and reconditioned the Teatro La Perla northern annex to be used as headquarters of the municipal public library.
George Daniel Clark
George Daniel Clark (30 July 1848 – 21 February 1933) was an English-born Australian politician, writer and temperance reformer.

In June 1891 Clark was amongst the initial group of Labor Party members elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly. He represented the electorate of Balmain from 1891 to June 1894, initially as a member of the Labor Electoral League but left the party after refusing to sign a pledge requiring solidarity with caucus decisions.  He later rejoined the Labor Party and unsuccessfully contested a number of elections as a Labor candidate.

From the early 1870s Clark was a tireless and prominent worker for the temperance cause and steadfast in his advocacy of prohibition.  He wrote extensively on the subject and edited an influential temperance journal for thirty-five years.  Clark was an influential member of the New South Wales branch of the International Order of Good Templars (IOGT), as well as several other temperance organisations.

Local option
A local option is the ability of local political jurisdictions, typically counties or municipalities, to allow decisions on certain controversial issues within their borders, usually referring to a popular vote. It usually relates to the issue of alcoholic beverage, marijuana sales, and now mask wearing.
Shirani (Pashtun tribe)
The Shirani (Pashto: شيراني), also spelled Sherani, are a Pashtun tribe, from the Sarbani tribal confederacy, who live in Afghanistan and Pakistan. The Sherani are mostly settled in the Dera Ismail Khan District, in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan and in the adjoining Sherani District of Balochistan, Pakistan. Some clans have settled in other surrounding districts of Balochistan; and in the Zabul, Ghazni, and Kandahar provinces of Afghanistan.

Kandahar Province
Kandahar is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan, located in the southern part of the country, sharing a border with Balochistan, Pakistan, to the south. It is surrounded by Helmand in the west, Uruzgan in the north and Zabul Province in the east. Its capital is the city of Kandahar, Afghanistan's second largest city, located on the Arghandab River. The greater region surrounding the province is called Loy Kandahar. The Emir of Afghanistan sends orders to Kabul from Kandahar making it the de facto capital of Afghanistan, although the main government body operates in Kabul. All meetings with the Emir take place in Kandahar, meetings excluding the Emir are in Kabul.

The province contains about 18 districts, over 1,000 villages, and approximately 1,431,876 people (the 6th most populous province), which is mostly tribal and a rural society. The main inhabitants of Kandahar province are the ethnic Baloch people followed by Tajiks, Pashtuns, Uzbeks, Turkmens and Hazaras.