hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
David Riddle Breed
David Riddle Breed (June 10, 1848 – December 11, 1931) was an American Presbyterian clergyman and educator, born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

He graduated at Hamilton College in 1867 and at Auburn Theological Seminary (Presbyterian) in 1870.  He held pastorates in St. Paul and Chicago until 1894, when he was called to the First Presbyterian Church of Pittsburgh.

In 1898 he became Professor of Practical Theology in Western Theological Seminary, Allegheny, Pa. He identified himself prominently with his denomination's Board of Missions for Freedmen.

Among his publications are many tracts, notably More Light, which has a wide circulation; works on hymnody, especially the frequently reprinted History and Use of Hymns and Hymn Tunes; Abraham, the Typical Life of Faith (1886); History of the Preparation of the World for Christ (1891); Preparing to Preach (1911).

Tract (literature)
A tract is a literary work and, in current usage, often religious in nature. The notion of what constitutes a tract has changed over time; by the early 21st century, the term refers to a brief pamphlet with religious or political themes. Tracts are often either left for someone to find or distributed as a medium of mass communication in the context of proselytism. However, there have been times in history when the term also implied much longer, tome-like works. The derivative tractate of scripture or the Talmud is the equivalent in Hebrew literature to a chapter of the Christian Bible.
Strafkompanie
Strafkompanie ("Punitive Unit") is the German word for the penal labor division in the Nazi concentration camps.

SK was the abbreviation used in the concentration camps for the notorious Strafkompanies. These penal divisions were yet another hardship that could be forced on the already exhausted inmates of the camps. The prisoners of the Strafkompanie were given hard work, e.g., in the quarries, where most "workers" died. In the SK they worked longer hours than other inmates, had shorter breaks, less food, more brutal treatment, and they lived isolated in separate barracks.

The Strafkompanie consisted of all kinds of prisoners: criminals, Jews, Soviet POWs, political prisoners, priests, Jehovah's Witnesses, homosexuals, Roma and Sinti. The criteria for the selection to the penal division were arbitrary.

Sinti
The Sinti (masc. sing. Sinto; fem. sing. Sintetsa, Sinta) are a subgroup of the Romani people. They are found mostly in Germany, France, Italy and Central Europe, numbering some 200,000 people. They were traditionally itinerant, but today only a small percentage of Sinti remain unsettled. In earlier times, they frequently lived on the outskirts of communities.

Within the Sinti Community are various tribes such as the Manouche in France. They speak the Sinti-Manouche variety of Romani, which exhibits strong German influence.
CPg
CPg is a controversial underground punk rock group formed by guitarist Zoltán Benkő and bassist Antal Kis in Szeged, Hungary, in 1979. Zoltán Nagy, vocalist Béla Haska and bassist Zoltán Varga joined in 1981. The group continues to perform today.

Szeged
Szeged (/ˈsɛɡɛd/ SEG-ed, Hungarian: [ˈsɛɡɛd] ⓘ; see also other alternative names) is the third largest city of Hungary, the largest city and regional centre of the Southern Great Plain and the county seat of Csongrád-Csanád county. The University of Szeged is one of the most distinguished universities in Hungary.
Two Wise Maids
Two Wise Maids is a 1937 American drama film directed by Phil Rosen, written by Samuel Ornitz, and starring Alison Skipworth, Polly Moran, Irene Manning, Donald Cook, Jackie Searl, and Lila Lee. It was released on February 15, 1937, by Republic Pictures.

Samuel Ornitz
Samuel Badisch Ornitz (November 15, 1890 – March 10, 1957) was an American screenwriter and novelist from New York City; he was one of the "Hollywood Ten" who were blacklisted from the 1950s on by movie studio bosses after his appearance before the House Un-American Activities Committee when he was held in contempt of Congress for refusing to testify about his alleged membership in the Communist Party. In his later years, he wrote novels, including Bride of the Sabbath (1951), which became a bestseller.
Burdwan Blasters
Burdwan Blasters is an Indian professional football club based in Burdwan, West Bengal, that competes in the Bengal Super League (BSL). Founded on 8th July 2025, the club is one of the eight inaugural franchises of West Bengal's first district-centric professional football league, organized by the Indian Football Association (IFA) in collaboration with Shrachi Sports.

Purba Bardhaman district
Purba Bardhaman district is in the Indian state of West Bengal. Its headquarters is in Bardhaman. It was formed on 7 April 2017 after the division of the previous Bardhaman district. Great revolutionary Rash Behari Bose was born in village Subaldaha in the district of Purba Bardhaman.
Charles Herschel Sisam
Charles Herschel Sisam (8 September 1879, Cedar Rapids, Iowa – 4 December 1964) was an American mathematician.

He received his B.A. in 1902 from the University of Michigan and then his M.A. in 1903 and Ph.D. in 1906, under the supervision of Virgil Snyder, from Cornell University. While working on his Ph.D., Sisam was a mathematics instructor at the United States Naval Academy from 1904 to 1906. He was an instructor in 1906–1907, a research associate in 1907–1909, and an assistant professor in 1909–1918 at the University of Illinois. From 1918 to 1948, he was a full-time professor at Colorado College. He did research on algebraic surfaces and was an invited speaker at the ICM in 1928 in Bologna. He was an editorial staff of the Transactions of the American Mathematical Society from 1930 to 1936.

Sisam married and was the father of a daughter.

Colorado College
Colorado College is a private liberal arts college in Colorado Springs, Colorado, United States. Founded in 1874 by Thomas Nelson Haskell in his daughter's memory, the college offers over 40 majors and 30 minors, and enrolls approximately 2,000 undergraduates at its 90-acre (36 ha) campus.

Colorado College is a member of the Associated Colleges of the Midwest, and is a QuestBridge partner. Notable alumni include Diana DeGette, Liz Cheney, Dutch Clark, Thomas Hornsby Ferril, James Heckman, Steve Sabol, Ken Salazar, and Marc Webb. Most of the university's varsity sports teams compete in NCAA Division III, with the exception of Division I teams in men's hockey and women's soccer.
Stjepan Blašković
Stjepan Blašković C.O. (c. 2 January 1689 – 17 November 1776) was a Croatian and Bosnian-Herzegovinian prelate of the Catholic Church who served as the bishop of Makarska from 1732 to his death in 1776. While being a bishop of Makarska, Blašković also administered the dioceses of Duvno under the Ottoman occupation.

Prozor-Rama
Prozor-Rama (Serbian Cyrillic: Прозор-Рама) is a  municipality located in Herzegovina-Neretva Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Its seat is Prozor. Also, Ramsko lake is located in the municipality.
Himantolophus litoceras
Himantolophus litoceras is a species of footballfish, a type of anglerfish. The fish is bathydemersal and has been found at a depth of 654 metres (2,146 ft). It is endemic to the waters surrounding New Zealand.

This fish was first described in 2010 by Andrew Stewart and Theodore Pietsch, from a single specimen taken in seas off the northernmost tip of New Zealand's North Island. The species epithet, litoceras, derives from two Greek words, litos ("simple" or "plain") and keras ("horn") and describes the species escal appendages as being simple.

Demersal fish
Demersal fish, also known as groundfish, live and feed on or near the bottom of seas or lakes (the demersal zone). They occupy the sea floors and lake beds, which usually consist of mud, sand, gravel or rocks. In coastal waters, they are found on or near the continental shelf, and in deep waters, they are found on or near the continental slope or along the continental rise. They are not generally found in the deepest waters, such as abyssal depths or on the abyssal plain, but they can be found around seamounts and islands. The word demersal comes from the Latin demergere, which means to sink.

Demersal fish are bottom feeders. They can be contrasted with pelagic fish, which live and feed away from the bottom in the open water column.
Demersal fish fillets contain little fish oil (one to four per cent), whereas pelagic fish can contain up to 30 per cent.
What Is Life? (album)
What Is Life? is the fifth major-label studio album by Canadian country music artist Brett Kissel. It was released on April 9, 2021, through Warner Music Canada, and ONErpm in the United States. It includes the #1 Canada Country hit single "Make a Life, Not a Living", as well as "Night in the Life".

Warner Music Canada
Warner Music Canada is the Canadian division of Warner Music Group. The label previously operated as WEA Music of Canada, Ltd. (French: WEA Musique du Canada, Ltée), often shortened to WEA Canada, the Canadian subsidiary of WEA International, which later changed its name to Warner Music International in 1990. It was founded in 1967 as Warner Reprise Canada Ltd.
Strong copper
The Strong Copper (from Sumerian urud niĝ kalag-ga) in Sumerian religion was one of the valuable items seized by Ninurta, the patron god of Lagash in ancient Iraq. This spoil was hung "on the inside pole pin" of his chariot, according to the ancient source (lines 55–63 ).

Lagash
Lagash (/ˈleɪ.ɡæʃ/; cuneiform: 𒉢𒁓𒆷𒆠 LAGAŠKI; Sumerian: Lagaš) was an ancient city-state located northwest of the junction of the Euphrates and Tigris rivers and east of Uruk, about 22 kilometres (14 mi) east of the modern town of Al-Shatrah, Iraq. Lagash (modern Al-Hiba in Dhi Qar Governorate) was one of the oldest cities of the Ancient Near East, and the Lagash state incorporated the cities of Lagash, Girsu, and Nina. Girsu (modern Telloh), about 25 km (16 mi) northwest of Lagash, was the religious center of the Lagash state, with its main temple, the E-ninnu, dedicated to the god Ningirsu. The ancient site of Nina (Tell Zurghul), around 10 km (6.2 mi) away, marks the southern limit of the state.
Mary Lawson (actress)
Mary Elizabeth Lawson (30 August 1910 – 6 May 1941) was an English stage and film actress during the 1920s and 1930s. In addition to her performances on stage and screen, Lawson was known for her romantic affairs, including with tennis player Fred Perry and her future husband, Francis William Beaumont, the married son of the Dame of Sark. Lawson and her husband died in the Second World War during a German bombing raid in the Liverpool Blitz.

Good News (musical)
Good News is a musical comedy in two acts with a book by Laurence Schwab and B.G. DeSylva, lyrics by DeSylva and Lew Brown, and music by Ray Henderson. The story is set in the Roaring Twenties at Tait College, where football star Tom Marlowe falls in love with studious Connie Lane, who is tutoring him so he can pass astronomy and be eligible to play in the big game.

The show opened on Broadway in 1927, the same year as Show Boat, but though its plot was decidedly old-fashioned in comparison to Show Boat and its daring storyline, it was also a hit.  Good News spawned two films, one in 1930, starring Bessie Love and one in 1947  starring June Allyson; an unsuccessful 1974 Broadway revival, and a 1993 updated production by Music Theatre of Wichita, which created a largely new libretto and made changes to the score. It proved to be DeSylva, Brown, and Henderson's biggest hit out of a string of topical musicals.
NGC 5172
NGC 5172 is an intermediate spiral galaxy in the constellation of Coma Berenices. Its velocity with respect to the cosmic microwave background is 4,308±19 km/s, which corresponds to a Hubble distance of 207.2 ± 14.5 Mly (63.53 ± 4.46 Mpc). However, 13 non-redshift measurements give a closer mean distance of 164.63 ± 11.65 Mly (50.477 ± 3.572 Mpc). It was discovered by British astronomer John Herschel on 7 May 1826.

NGC 5172 has a possible active galactic nucleus, i.e. it has a compact region at the center of a galaxy that emits a significant amount of energy across the electromagnetic spectrum, with characteristics indicating that this luminosity is not produced by the stars.

According to Abraham Mahtessian, NGC 5172 and NGC 5190 form a pair of galaxies.

John Herschel
Sir John Frederick William Herschel, 1st Baronet KH FRS (/ˈhɜːrʃəl, ˈhɛər-/; 7 March 1792 – 11 May 1871) was an English polymath active as a mathematician, astronomer, chemist, inventor and experimental photographer who invented the blueprint and did botanical work.

Herschel originated the use of the Julian day system in astronomy. He named seven moons of Saturn and four moons of Uranus – the seventh planet, discovered by his father Sir William Herschel. He made many contributions to the science of photography, and investigated colour blindness and the chemical power of ultraviolet rays. His Preliminary Discourse (1831), which advocated an inductive approach to scientific experiment and theory-building, was an important contribution to the philosophy of science.
Aristeidis Makrodimitris
Aristeidis Makrodimitris (Greek: Αριστείδης Μακροδημήτρης) is a Greek Paralympic swimmer.  He won three medals at the 2012 Paralympic Games, two bronze in the 50m and 100m freestyle and a silver in the 50m backstroke. He competes in the class S2.

He won the gold medal in the men's 50 metres backstroke S2 and the silver medal in the men's 100 metres backstroke S2 event at the 2018 World Para Swimming European Championships held in Dublin, Ireland. He also won the gold medal in the men's 200 metres freestyle S2 competition.

He was awarded as the Best Greek male athlete with a disability for 2018.

2018 World Para Swimming European Championships – Men's 50 metres backstroke
The men's 50 metres backstroke at the 2018 World Para Swimming European Championships was held at the National Aquatic Centre in Dublin from 13 to 19 August.  4 classification finals are held in all over this event.
Bryobia graminum
Bryobia graminum, also known as the clover mite, is a species of mite with a cosmopolitan distribution.

It was first described in 1781 by Franz von Paula Schrank as Acarus graminum.

Its hosts are mainly herbaceous plants (grasses & daisies).

Mite
Mites are small arachnids (eight-legged arthropods) of two large orders, the Acariformes and the Parasitiformes, which were historically grouped together in the subclass Acari. However, most recent genetic analyses do not recover the two as each other's closest relative within Arachnida, rendering the group invalid as a clade. Most mites are tiny, less than 1 mm (0.04 in) in length, and have a simple, unsegmented body plan. The small size of most species makes them easily overlooked; some species live in water, many live in soil as decomposers, others live on plants, sometimes creating galls, while others are predators or parasites. This last type includes the commercially destructive Varroa parasite of honey bees, as well as scabies mites of humans. Most species are harmless to humans, but a few are associated with allergies or may transmit diseases.

The scientific discipline devoted to the study of mites is called acarology.
Alena Bartošová
Alena Bartošová (born 17 September 1944) is a Czech former cross-country skier who competed for Czechoslovakia during the 1970s. She won a bronze medal in the 4 × 5 km relay at the 1974 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in Falun.

She was born in Pipice. Her best olympic placing was sixth twice in the 4 × 5 km relay events at the 1972 Winter Olympics and in the 1976 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck.

FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 1974
The FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 1974 took place 16–24 February 1974 in Falun, Sweden. This was the second time this city hosted the event having done so in 1954. The women's 3 × 5 km relay changed to a 4 × 5 km relay at these championships. Magne Myrmo's gold medal in the 15 km race, was the last international cross-country championship medal won using wooden skis. Two years later, at the 1976 Winter Olympics, all competitors used skis made of fiberglass.
Juno, Limpopo
Juno is a village in Ga-Matlala in the Polokwane Local Municipality of the Capricorn District Municipality of the Limpopo province of South Africa. It is located a mere 1,5 km northeast of Tibane on the R567 road.

Capricorn District Municipality
The Capricorn District Municipality (Northern Sotho: Mmasepala wa Selete wa Capricorn) is one of the 5 districts of the Limpopo province of South Africa. The district is named after the Tropic of Capricorn which runs through it. The capital is Polokwane. As of 2011, the vast majority of its 1,261,463 residents spoke Northern Sotho as their home language. The district code is DC35.
Fast Train (song)
"Fast Train" is the debut single by the Canadian rock band April Wine, from their 1971 self-titled debut. It was a top 40  hit in Canada, peaking at No.38 on the RPM 100 Singles Chart. It also peaked at No.23 on the Canadian CHUM singles chart, on June 26, 1971. The success of this single established Myles Goodwyn as the band's main songwriter, and made it possible for April Wine to record a second album.

"Fast Train" appears in the soundtrack for the thriller film Natural Enemy (1997), a film starring Donald Sutherland and William McNamara.

Myles Goodwyn
Myles Francis Goodwyn (June 23, 1948 – December 3, 2023) was a Canadian musician. He was the lead vocalist, guitarist, and principal songwriter of the rock band April Wine. He released 16 studio albums with April Wine, and four albums as a solo artist. Goodwyn led the group from its inception and garage band roots to its multiplatinum sales peak. He received the National Achievement Award at the 2002 SOCAN Awards, an ECMA Lifetime Achievement Award, and was inducted into the Canadian Songwriters Hall of Fame. He was inducted into Canada's Walk of Fame and the Canadian Music Hall of Fame as a member of April Wine.
B. K. Samant
B K Samant is a folk singer, music director and lyricist from Uttarakhand, known for his viral song Thal Ki Bazar which is most viewed Kumauni or Garhwali music video on YouTube with over 60 million views.

Garhwali language
Garhwali (गढ़वळि, IPA: [gɜɽʱʋɜɭiˑ], in native pronunciation) is an Indo-Aryan language of the Central Pahari subgroup. It is primarily spoken by over 2.4 million Garhwali people in the Garhwal division of the northern Indian state of Uttarakhand in the Indian Himalayas.

Garhwali has a number of regional dialects. It is not an endangered language (Ethnologue lists it as "vigorous"), it is nonetheless designated as "vulnerable" in UNESCO's Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger, which indicates that the language requires consistent conservation efforts.
Calcium triplet
The infrared Ca II triplet, commonly known as the calcium triplet, is a triplet of three ionised calcium spectral lines at the wavelengths of 8498 Å, 8542 Å and 8662 Å (measured in air). The triplet has a strong emission, and is most prominently observed in the absorption of spectral type G, K and M stars.

Ionization
Ionization or ionisation is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons, often in conjunction with other chemical changes. The resulting electrically charged atom or molecule is called an ion. Ionization can result from the loss of an electron after collisions with subatomic particles, collisions with other atoms, molecules, electrons, positrons, protons, antiprotons, and ions, or through the interaction with electromagnetic radiation. Heterolytic bond cleavage and heterolytic substitution reactions can result in the formation of ion pairs. Ionization can occur through radioactive decay by the internal conversion process, in which an excited nucleus transfers its energy to one of the inner-shell electrons causing it to be ejected.
The Jetsons Meet the Flintstones
The Jetsons Meet the Flintstones is a 1987 animated crossover made-for-television film produced by Hanna-Barbera for syndication as part of the Hanna-Barbera Superstars 10 series. The two-hour special stars the cast of the Hanna-Barbera sitcoms The Flintstones and The Jetsons as they cross paths following a time travel experiment gone wrong.

Crossover (fiction)
A crossover is the placement of two or more otherwise discrete fictional characters, settings, or universes into the context of a single story. They can arise from legal agreements between the relevant copyright holders (known as intercompany crossovers), common corporate ownership or unofficial efforts by fans.

This is different from a spoof, where one discrete character, setting, or universe, copies another character, setting, or universe, often in a comedic manner.
OpenEVSE
OpenEVSE ("Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment") is an Arduino-based charging station created by Christopher Howell and Sam C. Lin. The charger is composed of open-source software and hardware that can be made by individuals.

The project started in February 2011, with an experiment aimed at generating the SAE J1772 pilot signal on an Arduino-compatible ATmega328 8-Bit AVR MCU. Subsequent experiments continued until a prototype J1772-compatible controller was created.

ATmega328
The ATmega328 is a single-chip microcontroller created by Atmel in the megaAVR family (later Microchip Technology acquired Atmel in 2016). It has a modified Harvard architecture 8-bit RISC processor core.
Who's the Boss? (album)
Who's the Boss? is the debut album by rapper Antoinette. It was released in 1989 through Next Plateau Entertainment. The album was produced by I.G. Off, Jay Ellis, and the Ultramagnetic MCs. "I'm Crying" allegedly plagiarized Tam-Tam's "I'm Cryin'".

The album peaked at No. 47 on the Top R&B Albums chart. The title track peaked at No. 17 on the Billboard Hot Rap Songs.

The album has gained New York-based rapper Antoinette praise from many rap acts such as Rakim, Yo-Yo, and Salt n Pepa's Spinderella for its lyrical agility and raw vocals.

Antoinette was praised for her chill, deep vocals and delivery, especially on cuts like "I Got an Attitude" and "Who’s the Boss".

Antoinette (rapper)
Antoinette Lovell Patterson (born May 4, 1969), known simply by the mononym Antoinette, is an American rapper from Bronx, New York, who released two albums, during the late 1980s and early 1990s.

She is mainly remembered for her beef with MC Lyte. She was mentioned in the Vibe Hip-Hop Divas publication and her song "I Got An Attitude" (1987) was included in Complex list of "The 50 Best Rap Songs by Women".
2024 United Kingdom general election in Wales
The 2024 general election was held on Thursday, 4 July 2024. Thirty-two seats were up for election in Wales as the general election occurred after the recently completed boundary review took effect. The Labour Party remained the largest party in Wales, gaining six seats for a total of 27. Both Plaid Cymru and the Liberal Democrats made gains, taking them to four seats and one seat respectively. The Conservatives lost all thirteen seats they had held previously, leaving the party without Westminster representation from Wales for the first time since 2005.

Montgomeryshire and Glyndŵr
Montgomeryshire and Glyndŵr (Welsh: Maldwyn a Glyndŵr) is a constituency of the House of Commons in the UK Parliament, first contested at the 2024 United Kingdom general election, following the 2023 review of Westminster constituencies.

The constituency name refers to the former county of Montgomeryshire and the former district of Glyndŵr. The official spelling of the constituency, in English and Welsh, uses the spelling 'Glyndŵr' with a circumflex over the "w".

Upon its abolition, the predecessor seat, Montgomeryshire, was the only one in Wales never to elect a member of the Labour Party. At the 2024 election Montgomeryshire and Glyndŵr elected Steve Witherden, the first Labour MP ever to represent the Montgomeryshire area in the House of Commons, meaning that the party has now won in every area of Wales at some point in its history.