hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Turukhanskoye mine
The Turukhanskoye mine is a large iron mine located in central Russia in Turukhansky District, Krasnoyarsk Krai. Turukhanskoye represents one of the largest iron ore reserves in Russia and in the world having estimated reserves of 3 billion tonnes of ore grading 30.3% iron metal.

Krasnoyarsk Krai
Krasnoyarsk Krai is a federal subject (a krai) of Russia located in Siberia. Its administrative center is the city of Krasnoyarsk, the second-largest city in Siberia after Novosibirsk. Comprising half of the Siberian Federal District, Krasnoyarsk Krai is the largest krai in Russia, the second-largest federal subject in the country after neighboring Sakha, and the third-largest country subdivision by area in the world. The krai covers an area of 2,366,797 square kilometers (913,825 sq mi), constituting roughly 13% of Russia's total area. Krasnoyarsk Krai has a population of 2,856,971 as of the 2021 census.
Janet Langsam
Janet Langsam is an American cultural activist, artist and journalist with more than 50 years’ experience as an arts administrator.

She is a proponent of artist housing in New York City and an activist in the city's movement to decentralize city government.

She also served as the deputy commissioner of cultural affairs in a newly established Department of Cultural Affairs agency under New York City Mayors Abe Beame and Ed Koch.

In that capacity, She brought together cultural representatives from the 50  US cities in a 1975 symposium, which continues today as the USUAF under the auspices of Americans for the Arts.

Decentralization
Decentralization or decentralisation is the process by which the activities of an organization, particularly those related to planning and decision-making, are distributed or delegated away from a central, authoritative location or group and given to smaller factions within it.

Concepts of decentralization have been applied to group dynamics and management science in private businesses and organizations, political science, law and public administration, technology, economics and money.
Wild in the Country
Wild in the Country is a 1961 American musical-drama film directed by Philip Dunne and starring Elvis Presley, Hope Lange, Tuesday Weld, Millie Perkins, Rafer Johnson and John Ireland. Based on the 1958 novel The Lost Country by J. R. Salamanca, the screenplay concerns a troubled young man from a dysfunctional family who pursues a literary career. The screenplay was written by playwright Clifford Odets.

Dysfunctional family
A dysfunctional family is a family in which conflict, misbehavior and often child neglect or abuse on the part of individual parents occur continuously and regularly. Children that grow up in such families may think such a situation is normal. Dysfunctional families are primarily a result of two adults, one typically overtly abusive and the other codependent, and may also be affected by substance abuse or other forms of addiction, or often by an untreated mental illness. Parents having grown up in a dysfunctional family may over-correct or emulate their own parents. In some cases, the dominant parent will abuse or neglect their children and the other parent will not object, misleading a child to assume blame.
1953–54 Rugby Union County Championship
The 1953–54 Rugby Union County Championship was the 54th edition of England's premier rugby union club competition at the time.

Middlesex won the competition for the third time after defeating Lancashire in the final. Higgins was carried off on a stretcher early in the game which contributed to the heavy loss suffered by Lancashire.

Middlesex Rugby Football Union
Middlesex Rugby is the governing body for rugby union in the former county of Middlesex, England. Middlesex is a historic county of England that covered areas that are now part of London, Surrey and Hertfordshire. The historic county is still in use when referring to sport.  Middlesex RFU was originally created as the Middlesex County Rugby Club but within six years was being referred to as the Middlesex County Rugby Football Union and is now known simply as Middlesex Rugby.
All Saints Estate Winery
All Saints Estate Winery is a family owned wine company based in Wahgunyah, Victoria, Australia. All Saints was built in 1864 by Scotsmen George Sutherland Smith and John Banks. The castle building was based on one of the Queen's castles - The Castle of Mey. There are a number of historical buildings still standing today, including the Chinese dormitory and the original bottling hall. The cellars, vats, dormitory and hall together with the castellated brick walls with a square corner tower are listed on the (now defunct) Register of the National Estate and the Victorian Heritage Register.

The estate is owned and run today by siblings Eliza, Angela, and Nicholas Brown. All Saints makes wine from a wide variety of grapes.

Register of the National Estate
The Register of the National Estate was a heritage register that listed natural and cultural heritage places in Australia. Phasing out of the register began in 2003, when the Australian National Heritage List and the Commonwealth Heritage List were created and by 2007 the Register had been replaced by these and various state and territory heritage registers. Places listed on the Register remain in a non-statutory archive and are still able to be viewed via the National Heritage Database.
Daft.ie
Daft.ie is a real estate and property rental website in Ireland, launched in 1997. The website was co-founded by brothers Brian and Eamonn Fallon, who each held a 23.66% share in the business as of October 2021.

As of September 2024, the website attracted 2.5 million users every month, according to the Irish Examiner.

TheJournal.ie
The Journal (formerly styled as TheJournal.ie) is an online newspaper in Ireland. It was a mixture of original and aggregated content, before moving to entirely original content. The website was founded in early 2010.

It was edited by Jennifer O'Connell from 2010 to 2011, and by Susan Daly between 2011 and August 2019, when Sinead O'Carroll stepped into the role with Daly's promotion to Managing Editor. The publication employs approximately 75 people.
Emilia Contessa
Nur Indah Cintra Sukma Munsyi (27 September 1957 – 27 January 2025), commonly known as Emilia Contessa, was an Indonesian pop singer and actress. She was a member of the Regional Representative Council, representing East Java, from 2014 to 2019.

Regional Representative Council
The Regional Representative Council (Indonesian: Dewan Perwakilan Daerah, DPD; alternatively translatable as the House of Regions or the House of Regional Representatives or the Senate of Indonesia), is one of two parliamentary chambers in Indonesia. Together with the House of Representatives (DPR), it makes up the Indonesian national legislative body, the Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat (MPR). Under Indonesia's constitution, the authority of the DPD is limited to areas related to regional governments and can only propose and give advice on bills to the DPR. Unlike the DPR, the DPD has no direct law-making power. Its members are referred to as senators on the official DPD X page.
Zhang Xiruo
Zhang Xiruo (Chinese: 张奚若; October 1889 – 18 July 1973), courtesy name Xiruo, art name Yun, was a Chinese politician who served as Minister of Education from 1952 to 1958 and director of the Foreign Cultural Liaison Committee from 1959 to 1968.

Zhang was a delegate to the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th National People's Congress. He was a member of the Standing Committee of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.

Minister of Education (China)
The minister of education of the People's Republic of China is the head of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China and a member of the State Council. Within the State Council, the position is fourth in order of precedence. The minister is responsible for leading the ministry, presiding over its meetings, and signing important documents related to the ministry. Officially, the minister is nominated by the premier of the State Council, who is then approved by the National People's Congress or its Standing Committee and appointed by the president.

The current minister is Huai Jinpeng, who concurrently serves as the Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary of the ministry.
Frances Lawrence Parker
Frances Lawrence Parker (28 March 1906 – 2002) was an American geologist and micropaleontologist focusing on paleoceanography and micropaleontology. She is known for her research on benthic and planktonic foraminifera.

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
The Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI, acronym pronounced /ˈhuːi/ HOO-ee) is a private, nonprofit research and higher education facility dedicated to the study of marine science and engineering.

Established in 1930 in Woods Hole, Massachusetts, it is the largest independent oceanographic research institution in the U.S., with staff and students numbering about 1,000.
Pedro Muñoz
Pedro Muñoz is a municipality in the autonomous community of Castile-La Mancha, Spain. It is located in the northeast corner of the province of Ciudad Real, on the bank of the Záncara river. It is in the La Mancha region, in the "Mancha Alta" sub-region. It was founded in 1284 by the Archdeacon of Alcaraz, Pero Muñoz (later adjusted to "Pedro" Muñoz in the municipality's name), as one of a series of defensible points in the La Mancha plains. The village was abandoned in 1410, due to a severe drought, and re-established in 1525. Since the late 19th century, Pedro Muñoz had been an important economic center in the region.

The village has an important architectural heritage of manor houses, hermitages and the Renaissance and Baroque church of St Peter the Apostle. It also has a natural and ecological heritage composed of a protected complex of wetlands, visited by many species of migratory birds.

Alcaraz, Spain
Alcaraz is a municipality of Spain located in the province of Albacete, Castilla–La Mancha. The municipality spans across a total area of 370.53 km2. The locality lies at 953 metres above mean sea level.
Baba Zahiere Lye
Marhoom Baba Zahiere Lye (7 November 1900 - 1969) was a Ceylonese Malay politician. He appointed as Member of Parliament in 1963. He married Evelyn Mashmoon Saldin, daughter of M. K. Saldin, member of the State Council of Ceylon.

State Council of Ceylon
The State Council of Ceylon was the unicameral legislature for Ceylon (now Sri Lanka), established in 1931 by the Donoughmore Constitution. The State Council gave universal adult franchise to the people of the colony for the first time. It replaced the Legislative Council of Ceylon, the colony's original legislative body.

There were only two State Councils: the First, elected in 1931, and the Second, elected in 1936. The 1947 Soulbury Constitution replaced the State Council with the Parliament of Ceylon, as part of a process of constitutional development leading up to independence, which took place on 4 February 1948.
R280 road (Ireland)
The R280 road is a regional road in Ireland linking Bundoran in County Donegal in the north to Carrick-on-Shannon in County Leitrim. En route it passes through Kinlough, Manorhamilton, Drumkeeran and Leitrim village. The road is 74 km (46 mi) long.

Bundoran
Bundoran (Irish: Bun Dobhráin) is a town in County Donegal, Ireland. The town includes the townland of Magheracar, in which was located Bundrowes (Bun Drobhaoise), a Franciscan house that served as the principal base of Mícheál Ó Cléirigh during the compilation of the Annals of the Four Masters in the 1630s.

The town is located near the N15 road close to Ballyshannon, and is the most southerly town in Donegal. The town is a tourist seaside resort, and tourism has been at the heart of the local economy since the 18th century. Bundoran is a surfing destination and was listed by National Geographic magazine in 2012 as one of the world's top 20 surf towns.
Rampart Ridge (Washington)
Rampart Ridge is a 5,870 ft (1,790 m) elevation mountain ridge located in the Cascade Range, in Kittitas County of Washington state. It is situated northeast of Hyak, Washington, and the north end of Keechelus Lake, within the Alpine Lakes Wilderness, on land managed by Wenatchee National Forest. Its nearest higher peak is Alta Mountain, 1.74 mi (2.80 km) to the north-northeast, and Dungeon Peak rises 0.77 mi (1.24 km) to the south-southwest. The north-south trending ridge is characterized by vertical cliffs on its west-facing side above the Gold Creek valley, and gentle meadows with lakes on the eastern side, such as Rachel Lake, Lake Lillian, and the Rampart Lakes. The descriptive name of rampart was officially adopted 1918 by the United States Board on Geographic Names based on a suggestion by The Mountaineers. Precipitation runoff from the ridge drains into tributaries of the Yakima River.

Alpine Lakes Wilderness
The Alpine Lakes Wilderness is a large wilderness area spanning the Central Cascades of Washington state in the United States. The wilderness is located in parts of Wenatchee National Forest and Snoqualmie National Forest, and is approximately bounded by Interstate 90 and Snoqualmie Pass to the south and U.S. Route 2 and Stevens Pass to the north. The Alpine Lakes is the largest wilderness area near the population centers of Puget Sound, counted at 414,161 acres (167,605 ha) following the 2014 expansion.
Intersex characters in fiction
Intersex people are born with sex characteristics, such as genitals, gonads and chromosome patterns, "that do not fit typical binary notions of male or female bodies". Literary descriptions may use older or different language for intersex traits, including describing intersex people as hermaphrodites, neither wholly male or female, or a combination of male and female. This page examines intersex characters in fictional works as a whole, focusing on characters and tropes over time.

For more information about fictional characters in other parts of the LGBTQ community, see the corresponding pages about asexual, pansexual, non-binary, lesbian, and gay characters in fiction.

Both (film)
Both is a 2005 US-Canadian-Peruvian drama film directed by Lisset Barcellos. Starring Jackie Parker, Mike Martinez, Nicole Wilder, Fabrizio Aguilar, Ximena Ameri and Pable Barcellos, the film tells the story of a stunt double with an intersex variation, who discovers her past.

The film was welcomed by members of the intersex community. The world premiere took place at San Francisco's Frameline Film Festival and was welcomed by the Intersex Society of North America.
Royal Cornwall Show
50°30′50″N 4°51′55″W﻿ / ﻿50.5140°N 04.8654°W﻿ / 50.5140; -04.8654

The Royal Cornwall Agricultural Show, usually called the Royal Cornwall Show, is an annual agricultural show organised by the Royal Cornwall Agricultural Association, which takes place at the beginning of June, at Wadebridge in north Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The showground is on the south side of the A39 main road and between the hamlets of St Breock and Whitecross. The show lasts for three days and attracts approximately 120,000 visitors annually.

Truro
Truro (/ˈtrʊəroʊ/ ⓘ; Cornish: Truru) is a cathedral city and civil parish in Cornwall, England. It is the southernmost city in the United Kingdom, and lies 232 miles (373 km) west-south-west of London. It is Cornwall's county town, only city, and a centre for administration, leisure and shopping. At the 2021 census the population of the parish was 21,046 and the population of the built up area as defined by the Office for National Statistics (which included the Gloweth and Treliske areas in the neighbouring parish of Kenwyn) was 23,060.

Truro grew as a trade centre through its port and as a stannary town for tin mining. It was awarded city status in 1877 following the creation of the Diocese of Truro the previous year. Truro Cathedral was built between 1880 and 1910. Truro is home to Cornwall Council, the Royal Cornwall Museum, the Hall for Cornwall and Cornwall's Courts of Justice. People from Truro are called Truronians.
Army of the Tsardom of Russia
Army of the Tsardom of Russia (Russian: Армия Русского государства) known also as the Forces of the Russian State (Russian: Войско Русского государства) and as Forces of Muscovy (Russian: Войска московского государства) were the armed forces of the Tsardom of Russia, formerly the Principality of Moscow.

Tsardom of Russia
The Tsardom of Russia, also known as the Tsardom of Moscow, was the centralized Russian state from the assumption of the title of tsar by Ivan IV in 1547 until the foundation of the Russian Empire by Peter the Great in 1721.

From 1550 to 1700, Russia grew by an average of 35,000 square kilometres (14,000 sq mi) per year. The period includes the upheavals of the transition from the Rurik to the Romanov dynasties, wars with the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Sweden, and the Ottoman Empire, and the Russian conquest of Siberia, to the reign of Peter the Great, who took power in 1689 and transformed the tsardom into an empire. During the Great Northern War, he implemented substantial reforms and proclaimed the Russian Empire after victory over Sweden in 1721.
Decene
Decene /dɛkiːn/ is an organic compound with the chemical formula C10H20. Decene contains a chain of ten carbon atoms with one double bond, making it an alkene. There are many isomers of decene depending on the position and geometry of the double bond.  Dec-1-ene is the only isomer of industrial importance. As an alpha olefin, it is used as a comonomer in copolymers and is an intermediate in the production of epoxides, amines, oxo alcohols, synthetic lubricants, synthetic fatty acids and alkylated aromatics.

The industrial processes used in the production of dec-1-ene are oligomerization of ethylene by the Ziegler process or by the cracking of petrochemical waxes.

In ethenolysis, methyl oleate, the methyl ester of oleic acid, converts to 1-decene and methyl 9-decenoate:

Dec-1-ene has been isolated from the leaves and rhizome of the plant Farfugium japonicum and has been detected as the initial product in the microbial degradation of n-decane.

Ziegler process
In organic chemistry, the Ziegler process (also called the Ziegler-Alfol synthesis) is a method for producing fatty alcohols from ethylene using an organoaluminium compound. The reaction produces linear primary alcohols with an even numbered carbon chain. The process uses an aluminum compound to oligomerize ethylene and allow the resulting alkyl group to be oxygenated. The usually targeted products are fatty alcohols, which are otherwise derived from natural fats and oils. Fatty alcohols are used in food and chemical processing. They are useful due to their amphipathic nature. The synthesis route is named after Karl Ziegler, who described the process in 1955.
Diametral compression test
A diametral compression test involves applying a stress load or force to the point where a material object is split in half (down the diameter of the object). This test indirectly measures the tensile property of a material object, as the molecules of the material are pushed apart in opposite directions, similar to what happens to molecules in a direct tensile strength test.

Material
A material is a substance or mixture of substances that constitutes an object. Materials can be pure or impure, living or non-living matter. Materials can be classified on the basis of their physical and chemical properties, or on their geological origin or biological function. Materials science is the study of materials, their properties, and their applications.

Raw materials can be processed in different ways to influence their properties, by purification, shaping or the introduction of other materials. New materials can be produced from raw materials by synthesis.

In industry, materials are inputs to manufacturing processes to produce products or more complex materials, and the nature and quantity of materials used may form part of the calculation for the cost of a product or delivery under contract, such as where contract costs are calculated on a "time and materials" basis.
Associação Atlética Portuguesa (RJ)
Associação Atlética Portuguesa, also known as Portuguesa Carioca, Portuguesa do Rio or Portuguesa da Ilha, and also nicknamed Lusa, is a Brazilian professional association football club based in Governador Island, Rio de Janeiro. The team plays in Série D, the fourth tier of the Brazilian football league system, as well as in the Campeonato Carioca, the top tier of the Rio de Janeiro state football league.

Campeonato Carioca
The Campeonato Estadual do Rio de Janeiro (English: Rio de Janeiro State Championship), most known as Campeonato Carioca and commonly as the Cariocão, is the top-flight professional state football league in the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro. It is run by the Rio de Janeiro State Football Federation (FERJ).

The first season of the Campeonato Carioca was played in 1906. Rivalries amongst four of the most prestigious Brazilian teams (Botafogo, Flamengo, Fluminense and Vasco da Gama) have marked the history of the competition. Flamengo leads the title count with 39, followed by Fluminense (33), Vasco da Gama (24), Botafogo (21), America (7), Bangu (2), São Cristóvão and Paissandu (1 each).
Euphorbia haeleeleana
Euphorbia haeleeleana, the Kauaʻi spurge, is a species of flowering plant in the croton family, Euphorbiaceae, that is endemic to the islands of Kauaʻi and Oaʻhu in Hawaii. Like other Hawaiian spurges it is known as ʻakoko.

It inhabits dry,  coastal mesic, and mixed mesic forests from 205–670 m (673–2,198 ft).  Associated plants include ʻōhiʻa lehua (Metrosideros polymorpha), koa (Acacia koa), lama (Diospyros sandwicensis), kukui (Aleurites moluccanus), ʻaʻaliʻi (Dodonaea viscosa), wiliwili (Erythrina sandwicensis), hala pepe (Dracaena spp.), ʻohe kukuluāeʻo (Reynoldsia sandwicensis), and āulu (Sapindus oahuensis).  Kauaʻi Spurge is a small tree, reaching a height of 3–14 metres (9.8–45.9 ft).

It is threatened by habitat loss and disturbance. Feral pigs and goats damage the habitat and non-native plant species take hold there and compete for resources.

Feral goat
The feral goat is the domestic goat (Capra hircus) when it has become established in the wild.  Feral goats occur in many parts of the world.  Goats are famously adaptable, and are content to live in rough, hilly terrain that humans and other animals find difficult to traverse.
New and Improved (The Spinners album)
New and Improved is the fifth album by American R&B group The Spinners, released in December 1974 on the Atlantic label.  Like the Spinners' two previous Atlantic albums, New and Improved was produced by Thom Bell and recorded at Sigma Sound Studios in Philadelphia.

The Spinners (American group)
The Spinners are an American rhythm and blues vocal group that formed in Detroit, Michigan, in 1954. They enjoyed a string of hit singles and albums during the 1960s and 1970s, particularly with producer Thom Bell.  The group continues to tour, without any original members, after Henry Fambrough retired in 2023.

The group is also listed as the Detroit Spinners and the Motown Spinners, due to their 1960s recordings with the Motown label. These other names were used in the UK to avoid confusion with a British folk group also called The Spinners. On June 30, 1976, they received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. The Spinners were inducted into the National Rhythm & Blues Hall of Fame in 2015 and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2023.