hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Simon Gipps-Kent
Simon Gipps-Kent (born Simon Trevor Kent; 25 October 1958 – 16 September 1987) was an English theatre and film actor in the 1970s and 1980s, known for his teenage portrayals of British royalty and nobility. He was born into a show business family in Kensington, London. His television debut was on the BBC in 1971 followed with a London West End theatre debut in 1972. He continued to act on stage, film and television until the year before his death in 1987.

Royal family
A royal family is the immediate family of monarchs and sometimes their extended family.

The term imperial family appropriately describes the family of an emperor or empress, and the term papal family describes the family of a pope, while the terms baronial family, comital family, ducal family, archducal family, grand ducal family, or princely family are more appropriate to describe, respectively, the relatives of a reigning baron, count/earl, duke, archduke, grand duke, or prince.

However, in common parlance members of any family which reigns by hereditary right are often referred to as royalty or "royals". It is also customary in some circles to refer to the extended relations of a deposed monarch and their descendants as a royal family. A dynasty is sometimes referred to as the "House of ...". In July 2013 there were 26 active sovereign dynasties in the world that ruled or reigned over 43 monarchies.
Matt Wedel
Mathew John Wedel is an American paleontologist. He is associate professor at the Western University of Health Sciences Department of Anatomy in California. Wedel studies sauropods and the evolution of pneumatic bones in dinosaurs. At Western University, Wedel teaches gross anatomy. He has authored papers naming Aquilops (2014), Brontomerus (2011), and Sauroposeidon (2000). He has published research exploring how some dinosaurs achieved large sizes. In 2016, he co-authored the book The Sauropod Dinosaurs.

Along with paleontologists Darren Naish and Mike P. Taylor, he founded the paleontology blog Sauropod Vertebrae Picture of the Week.

Air sac
Air sacs are spaces within an organism where there is the constant presence of air. Among modern animals, birds possess the most air sacs (9–11), with their extinct dinosaurian relatives showing a great increase in the pneumatization (presence of air) in their bones. Birds use air sacs for respiration as well as a number of other things. Theropods, like Aerosteon, have many air sacs in the body that are not just in bones, and they can be identified as the more primitive form of modern bird airways. Sauropods are well known for the large number of air pockets in their bones (especially vertebra), although one theropod, Deinocheirus, shows a rivalling number of air pockets.
Louise Grossfeldt
Louise (Lou) Grossfeldt (born Louise Ellen Grossfeldt) is a zoo keeper, primate husbandry specialist and conservationist, based in Australia.  For over 20 years, she worked with primates at Sydney's Taronga Zoo. In 2015, Lou commenced work as a curator at Mogo Zoo on the New South Wales South Coast. In 2017 she became Mogo Zoo's Manager Life Sciences. In January 2019, she was appointed as the Manager of Primates at Sydney Zoo in Western Sydney.

As part of her husbandry work, Grossfeldt has held positions including Taxon Advisory Group (TAG) Coordinator for New World monkeys and a regional stud book keeper for western lowland gorilla and Black-and-white ruffed lemur.

New World monkey
New World monkeys are the five families of primates that are found in the tropical regions of Mexico, Central and South America: Callitrichidae, Cebidae, Aotidae, Pitheciidae, and Atelidae. The five families are ranked together as the Ceboidea (/səˈbɔɪdi.ə/), the only extant superfamily in the parvorder Platyrrhini (/plætɪˈraɪnaɪ/).

Platyrrhini is derived from the Greek for "broad nosed", and their noses are flatter than those of other simians, with sideways-facing nostrils. Monkeys in the family Atelidae, such as the spider monkey, are the only primates to have prehensile tails. New World monkeys' closest relatives are the other simians, the Catarrhini ("down-nosed"), comprising Old World monkeys and apes. New World monkeys descend from African simians that colonized South America, a line that split off about 40 million years ago.
Wade Simmons
Wade Simmons (born 20 September 1973) is a mountain biker from Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada who has won the Red Bull Rampage Utah 2001 and placed second in the same year in the Red Bull Rampage Australia. He is currently on the Rocky Mountain Bicycles factory team.

Simmons is affectionately known as one of the Godfathers of Freeride mountain biking along with Brett Tippie and Richie Schley, and was one of the first freeriders to become sponsored.  Wade, along with Tippie and Schley were inducted into the Mountain Bike Hall of Fame in September 2010.

Red Bull Rampage
The Red Bull Rampage is an invitation-only freeride mountain bike competition held near Zion National Park in Virgin, Utah, United States, just to the north of Gooseberry Mesa. From 2001 till 2004, it was held off the Kolob Terrace Road, on the western boundary of Zion National Park.
Syarhei Parsyukevich
Syarhei Parsyukevich (Belarusian: Сяргей Парсюкевіч, Siarhiej Parsiukievič; born 14 May 1967, in Vitebsk) is a Belarusian former businessman who was a political prisoner in 2008 following participation in a protest against a decree passed by President Alexander Lukashenko. During his 15-day detainment, he was allegedly beaten by a prison guard, who later accused him of being the attacker. After a short trial, Parsykevich was sentenced to 2.5 years in prison for violence against a police officer and ordered to pay the guard Rbls 1.1 million, equal to about €325, in emotional damages.

The case was met with international disdain, with the European Union, the U.S. Department of State, the Permanent Delegation of Norway to the OSCE and the Lithuanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, among others, condemning the harsh sentence and undue process. He was given a presidential pardon in August 2008 after six months in prison.

Okrestina
Okrestina Detention Centre, Akrestsina Detention Centre, officially, the Criminal Detention Centre of the Minsk Executive Committee’s Main Internal Affairs Directorate (Belarusian: Цэнтра ізаляцыі правапарушальнікаў ГУУС Мінгарвыканкама, romanized: Centra izaliacyi pravaparušaĺnikaŭ HUUS Minharvykankama, Russian: Центр изоляции правонарушителей ГУВД Мингорисполкома), is a pre-trial detention centre in Minsk, Belarus. The prison is known as a detention centre for activists of the Belarusian opposition arrested during mass protests against the government of president Alexander Lukashenko. On 21 June 2021, the U.S. Treasury has added Okrestina Detention Centre to its Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List.
The End of the End of Everything: Stories
The End of the End of Everything: Stories is a collection of horror and dark fantasy short stories by American writer Dale Bailey. It was first published by Arche Press in paperback and ebook in April 2015.

Short story collection
A short story collection is a book of short stories and/or novellas by a single author. A short story collection is distinguished from an anthology of fiction, which would contain work by several authors (e.g., Les Soirées de Médan). The stories in a collection may or may not share a tone, theme, setting, or characters with one another.
Sozina Tunnel
The Sozina Tunnel (Montenegrin: Тунел Созина, romanized: Tunel Sozina) is a road tunnel in Montenegro that is a part of the M-1.1 highway (E65 and E80 European routes). It is located north of Sutomore and south of Virpazar, and is designed to bypass the "Paštrovska Gora" mountain range that separates the Montenegrin coast from the Zeta plain and the Skadar Lake basin. The Sozina road tunnel is 4,189 m long, and is the longest and most modern vehicular tunnel in Montenegro (however this is not the longest tunnel in Montenegro since the eponymous train tunnel is 6 km in length). It was opened on 13 July 2005, coinciding with Montenegro's national day. It was built at a cost of 70 million euros. Since 15 July 2005 a toll is collected at the tunnel entrance, using an open toll system.

The Sozina Tunnel shortens the journey from the capital of Podgorica to Bar, Montenegro's main port, by some 25 km. The trip between the two cities now takes about an hour by car.

National day
A national day is a day on which celebrations mark the statehood or nationhood of a state or its people. It may be the date of independence, of becoming a republic, of becoming a federation, or a significant date for a patron saint or a ruler (such as a birthday, accession, or removal).

The national day is often an official public holiday. Many countries have more than one national day. Denmark and the United Kingdom are the only countries without a national day. Denmark has what is not a public holiday but an unofficial celebration called Constitution Day. National days emerged with the age of nationalism, with most appearing during the 19th and 20th centuries.

National day may also be known as Independence Day, Liberation Day, or Republic Day, depending on the nation, and its history.
2013 O'Reilly Auto Parts Challenge
The 2013 O'Reilly Auto Parts Challenge was the 31st stock car race of the 2013 NASCAR Nationwide Series and the ninth iteration of the event. The race was held on Saturday, November 2, 2013, in Fort Worth, Texas at Texas Motor Speedway, a 1.5 miles (2.4 km) permanent tri-oval shaped racetrack. The race took the scheduled 200 laps to complete. At race's end, Brad Keselowski, driving for Penske Racing, would pull away in the late stages of the race to win his 26th career NASCAR Nationwide Series win and his sixth win of the season. To fill out the podium, Denny Hamlin of Joe Gibbs Racing and Sam Hornish Jr. of Penske Racing would finish second and third, respectively.

RAB Racing
RAB Racing with Brack Maggard was an American professional stock car racing team that attempted races in the NASCAR Cup Series, Xfinity Series, Craftsman Truck Series and the ARCA Menards Series. The team was co-owned by Robert A. Benton Sr. and his son Robert Benton Jr. along with Georgia businessman Brack Maggard and ran from 2005 through 2015. The team won one race in the Xfinity Series, but never qualified for a Cup Series race in eight attempts.

Kenny Wallace drove the most Xfinity races for the team with 57 starts, while Boris Said scored the team's only Xfinity win in 2010.

The team shut its doors in 2015.
Soul Coughing
Soul Coughing is an American alternative rock band composed of vocalist/guitarist Mike Doughty (also known as M. Doughty), keyboardist/sampler Mark Degli Antoni, bassist Sebastian Steinberg, and drummer Yuval Gabay. They developed a devout fanbase and garnered largely positive response from critics. Steve Huey of AllMusic described the band as "One of the most unique cult bands of the '90s. Driven by frontman M. Doughty's stream-of-consciousness poetry, Soul Coughing's sound was a willfully idiosyncratic mix of improvisational jazz grooves, oddball samples, hip-hop, electronics, and noisy experimentalism". Doughty described the band's sound as "deep slacker jazz". The group broke up in 2000.

In June 2024, the group announced it would reunite for a United States tour in September and October of the same year. It made its first television appearance in decades on Jimmy Kimmel Live!.

Stream of consciousness
In literary criticism, stream of consciousness is a narrative mode or method that attempts "to depict the multitudinous thoughts and feelings which pass through the mind" of a narrator. It is usually in the form of an interior monologue which is disjointed or has irregular punctuation. While critics have pointed to various literary precursors, it was not until the 20th century that this technique was fully developed by modernist writers such as Marcel Proust, James Joyce, Dorothy Richardson and Virginia Woolf.

Stream of consciousness narratives continue to be used in modern prose and the term has been adopted to describe similar techniques in other art forms such as poetry, songwriting and film.
Missing You (Coben novel)
Missing You is a suspense and thriller novel by American writer Harlan Coben, published in 2014. The novel has garnered attention for its intricate plot involving online dating, unsolved murder, and the emotional journey of its protagonist, NYPD Detective Kat Donovan. Missing You was nominated for a 2014 Audie Award for Mystery.

Harlan Coben
Harlan Coben (born January 4, 1962) is an American writer of mystery novels and thrillers. The plots of his novels often involve the resurfacing of unresolved or misinterpreted events in the past, murders, or fatal accidents and have multiple twists. Twelve of his novels have been adapted for film and television.

Coben has won an Edgar Award, a Shamus Award, and an Anthony Award—the first author to receive all three. His books have been translated into 46 languages and sold over 90 million copies.
Andy Hay (rugby league)
Andrew Hay (born 5 November 1973) is an English former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1990s and 2000s, and has coached in the 2000s and 2010s. He played at representative level for Emerging England, England and Yorkshire, and at club level for the Castleford Tigers, Sheffield Eagles, Leeds Rhinos, Widnes Vikings and the Doncaster Lakers and has coached at club level for the Castleford Tigers (Assistant Coach under Terry Matterson (2005–11)), Hull F.C. (Assistant Coach under Peter Gentle (2012–13)), Salford Red Devils (assistant coach) and Featherstone Rovers.

Widnes Vikings
The Widnes Vikings are an English rugby league club in Widnes, Cheshire, which competes in the Championship. The club plays home matches at DCBL Stadium. Founded as Widnes Football Club, they are one of the original twenty-two rugby clubs that formed the Northern Rugby Football Union in 1895. Their historic nickname is "The Chemics" after the main industry in Widnes, but now they use their modern nickname, "The Vikings".

The club enjoyed a period of success in the 1970s, 1980s, and early 1990s, and were frequently described as "Cup Kings" reaching the Challenge Cup Final 7 times in 10 years between 1975 and 1984. In 1989, after winning their third Rugby League Premiership, Widnes became the first official World Club Champions by beating the Australian champions Canberra Raiders 30–18 at Old Trafford. They have a strong local rivalry with Warrington Wolves.
Petrolithium
Petrolithium is lithium derived from petroleum brine, the mineral-rich salt solution that is brought to the surface during oil and gas production and exploration.

Oil companies manage petroleum brine as a waste product, usually by reinjecting the brine back into the ground for enhanced oil recovery or disposal. A small percent is also used for "beneficial reuse," which can include production of drilling fluids, irrigation or dust and ice control.

In recent years, several companies have explored technologies to extract the abundant minerals that are found in brines, including from petroleum brine. These minerals include lithium, silicon, magnesium and potassium.

Deicing
De-icing is the process of removing snow, ice or frost from a surface. Anti-icing is the application of chemicals that not only de-ice but also remain on a surface and continue to delay the reformation of ice for a certain period of time, or prevent adhesion of ice to make mechanical removal easier.

De-icing can be accomplished by mechanical methods (scraping, pushing); through the application of heat; by use of dry or liquid chemicals designed to lower the freezing point of water (various salts or brines, alcohols, glycols); or by a combination of these different techniques.
Tatta Pani, Kalakote
Tatta Pani is a village with a natural hot water sulfur spring located in the Kalakote tehsil of Rajouri district in the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. The hot spring is situated near the Pir Panjal Range and is approximately 14 km (8.7 mi) away from Kalakote town.

Rajouri district
Rajouri district is a district in the Jammu division of Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir, in the larger disputed Kashmir region. The Line of Control, between the Indian- and Pakistani-administered Jammu and Kashmir,  lies to its west, Poonch to its north, the Reasi district to the east and the Jammu district to its south.  Rajouri is famous for its "Kalari" (made from milk). Representing an ancient principality, Rajouri was a joint district, along with Reasi, at the time of princely state's accession to India in 1947. The two tehsils were separated and Rajouri was merged with the Poonch district. Rajouri again became a separate district along with Reasi in 1968 till 2006 when both were separated again.
The Rajouri district comprises 13 tehsils (boroughs). The land is mostly fertile and mountainous. Maize, wheat and rice are the main crops of the area and the main source of the irrigation is the river Tawi that originates from the mountains of Pir Panjal.
Terminus Nunatak
Terminus Nunatak (69°52′S 68°20′W﻿ / ﻿69.867°S 68.333°W﻿ / -69.867; -68.333) is a conspicuous nunatak, 670 m, standing between Eureka and Riley Glaciers and 0.5 nautical miles (0.9 km) inland from George VI Sound, on the west coast of Palmer Land. This nunatak was first photographed from the air on November 23, 1935, by Lincoln Ellsworth, and was mapped from these photographs by W.L.G. Joerg. First surveyed in 1936 by the British Graham Land Expedition (BGLE) under Rymill. Resurveyed in 1948 by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS), and so named by them because the nunatak marks the end of the sledge route from the Wordie Ice Shelf, down Eureka Glacier, to George VI Sound.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Terminus Nunatak". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Wordie Ice Shelf
The Wordie Ice Shelf (69°15′S 67°45′W﻿ / ﻿69.250°S 67.750°W﻿ / -69.250; -67.750) was a confluent glacier projecting as an ice shelf into the SE part of Marguerite Bay between Cape Berteaux and Mount Edgell, along the western coast of Antarctic Peninsula.

In March 2008, the British Antarctic Survey reported that it appeared ready to break away from the Antarctic Peninsula. By April 2009 it had done so, vanishing completely.

Discovered by the British Graham Land Expedition (BGLE) under Rymill, 1934–37, who named this feature for Sir James Wordie, Honorary Secretary (later President) of the Royal Geographical Society, member of the Discovery Committee, and chairman of the Scott Polar Research Institute. He also had been geologist and Chief of the Scientific Staff of the British expedition, 1914–16, under Ernest Shackleton.
William B. Kannel
William B. Kannel (December 13, 1923 in Brooklyn – August 20, 2011) was a former director of the Framingham Heart Study and a former head of the American Heart Association's Council of Epidemiology. He was among the recipients of the 1976 Gairdner Foundation International Award. He coined the term "risk factor", which first appeared in a 1961 article in Annals of Internal Medicine.

Annals of Internal Medicine
Annals of Internal Medicine is an academic medical journal published by the American College of Physicians (ACP). It is one of the most widely cited and influential specialty medical journals in the world. Annals publishes content relevant to the field of internal medicine and related sub-specialties. Annals publishes a wide variety of original research, review articles, practice guidelines, and commentary relevant to clinical practice, health care delivery, public health, health care policy, medical education, ethics, and research methodology. In addition, the journal publishes personal narratives that convey the feeling and the art of medicine. Selected articles in the journal are freely available; these include patient-oriented content and Clinical Guidelines (and related reviews).
International Coronelli Society for the Study of Globes
The International Coronelli Society for the Study of Globes (German: Internationale Coronelli-Gesellschaft für Globenkunde) is a non-profit academic organization devoted to the analysis, restoration and comprehensive study of terrestrial and celestial globes and other cosmographical instruments, such as armillary spheres and planetaria, mainly made before 1850.

Austrian National Library
The Austrian National Library (German: Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, pronounced [ˌøːstəʁaɪçɪʃə natsi̯oˈnaːlbiblioˌteːk]) is the largest library in Austria, with more than 12 million items in its various collections. The library is located in the Neue Burg Wing of the Hofburg in center of Vienna. Since 2005, some of the collections have been relocated within the Baroque structure of the Palais Mollard-Clary. Founded by the Habsburgs, the library was originally called the Imperial Court Library (German: Kaiserliche Hofbibliothek); the change to the current name occurred in 1920, following the end of the Habsburg Monarchy and the proclamation of the Austrian Republic. The library complex includes four museums, as well as multiple special collections and archives.
2014 Manitoba Scotties Tournament of Hearts
The 2014 Manitoba Scotties Tournament of Hearts, the provincial women's curling championship for Manitoba, was held from January 8 to 12 at the Tundra Oil & Gas Place in Virden. The winning Chelsea Carey team went on to represent Manitoba at the 2014 Scotties Tournament of Hearts in Montreal.

Chelsea Carey
Chelsea Danielle Carey (born September 12, 1984 in Winnipeg, Manitoba) is a Canadian curler from Calgary, Alberta. She currently skips her own team out of Manitoba. She is the 2016 and 2019 Canadian and Alberta women's champion skip and 2014 Manitoba provincial women's champion skip. She currently coaches the Beth Peterson rink.
Morgan Earp (statistician)
Morgan Sue Earp is an American statistician who works for the US government as acting director of the Division of Research and Methodology of the National Center for Health Statistics. Topics of her research include observational error, participation bias, psychometrics, and total survey error.

National Center for Health Statistics
The National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) is a U.S. government agency that provides statistical information to guide actions and policies to improve the public health of the American people. It is a unit of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and a principal agency of the U.S. federal statistical system. It is headquartered at University Town Center in Hyattsville, Maryland, just outside Washington, D.C.
Intersex people in history
Intersex, in humans and other animals, describes variations in sex characteristics including chromosomes, gonads, sex hormones, or genitals that, according to the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, "do not fit typical binary notions of male or female bodies". Intersex people were historically termed hermaphrodites, "congenital eunuchs", or even congenitally "frigid". Such terms have fallen out of favor, now considered to be misleading and stigmatizing.

Intersex people have been treated in different ways by different cultures. Whether or not they were socially tolerated or accepted by any particular culture, the existence of intersex people was known to many ancient and pre-modern cultures and legal systems, and numerous historical accounts exist.

Male
Male (symbol: ♂) is the sex of an organism that produces, or is organized to produce, the gamete (sex cell) known as sperm, which fuses with the larger female gamete, or ovum, in the process of fertilisation. A male organism cannot reproduce sexually without access to at least one ovum from a female, but some organisms can reproduce both sexually and asexually. Most male mammals, including male humans, have a Y chromosome, which codes for the production of larger amounts of testosterone to develop male reproductive organs.

In humans, the word male can also be used to refer to gender, in the social sense of gender role or gender identity.