hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Constitutions of Ethiopia
Ethiopia has had four constitutions:

1931 Constitution of Ethiopia

1955 Constitution of Ethiopia

1987 Constitution of Ethiopia

1995 Constitution of Ethiopia

A proposed revision of the 1955 constitution was released in 1974, but it had no legal effect, and was soon forgotten in the events of the Ethiopian Revolution.

Until the adoption of the first of these constitutions, the concepts of Ethiopian government had been codified in the Kebra Nagast (which presented the concept that the legitimacy of the Emperor of Ethiopia was based on its asserted descent from king Solomon of ancient Israel), and the Fetha Nagast (a legal code used in Ethiopia at least as early as 1450 to define the rights and responsibilities of the monarch and subjects, as defined by the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church).

Fetha Negest
The Fetha Negest (Ge'ez: ፍትሐ ነገሥት, romanized: fətḥa nägäśt, lit. 'Justice of the Kings') is a theocratic legal code compiled around 1240 by the Coptic Egyptian Christian writer Abu'l-Fada'il ibn al-Assal in Arabic. It was later translated into Ge'ez in Ethiopia in the 15th century and expanded upon with numerous local laws. Ibn al-Assal took his laws partly from apostolic writings, and partly from former law codes of the Byzantine rulers.
Grant Neary
Grant Neary is an American baseball coach who was previously the head baseball coach of the Saint Peter's Peacocks (2023–25). He was also the head baseball coach of the CCNY Beavers (2011) and McDaniel Green Terror (2019–2020). He became an Assistant Coach for the New Jersey Jackals of the Frontier League (2025). Neary was a 1st Team All-State Selection at Bridgewater-Raritan High School before multiple shoulder injuries and subsequent surgeries ended his college playing career.

McDaniel College
McDaniel College is a private college in Westminster, Maryland, United States, established in 1867.  McDaniel College is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education. The college also has a satellite campus, McDaniel College Budapest, in Budapest, Hungary. The college owns and manages a shopping center and residential properties through its for-profit arm.
Razvlecheniye
Razvlecheniye (Russian: Развлечение, Amusement) was a Russian illustrated weekly magazine published in Moscow in 1859–1916. Launched and (up until 1881) edited by Fyodor Miller, it specialized in humour and caricatures, but also contained a large and popular literary section. Among its regular contributors were Boris Almazov, Vladimir Dal, Alexander Levitov, Dmitry Minayev, and (caricaturist) Lavr Belyankin. Three Anton Chekhov's early stories first appeared in Razvlecheniye in 1883–1884.

Vladimir Dal
Vladimir Ivanovich Dal (Russian: Владимир Иванович Даль, [vlɐˈdʲimʲɪr ɨˈvanəvʲɪdʑ ˈdalʲ]; 22 November 1801 – 4 October 1872) was a Russian lexicographer, speaker of many languages, Turkologist, and founding member of the Russian Geographical Society. During his lifetime, he compiled and documented Russian oral traditions, many of which became part of modern folklore.
Awit (poem)
The awit (Tagalog for "song") is a type of  Filipino poem, consisting of 12-syllable quatrains. It follows the pattern of rhyming stanzas established in the Philippine epic Pasyon. It is similar in form to the corrido.

One influential work in the awit form is Florante at Laura, an 1838 narrative poem by Francisco Balagtas.

Francisco Balagtas
Francisco Balagtas y de la Cruz (April 2, 1788 – February 20, 1862), commonly known as Francisco Balagtas and also as Francisco Baltazar, was a Filipino poet and litterateur of the Tagalog language during the Spanish rule of the Philippines. He is widely considered one of the greatest Filipino literary laureates for his impact on Filipino literature. The famous epic Florante at Laura is regarded as his defining work.

Balagtas adopted the legal surname Baltazar in fulfillment of the edict issued by Governor-General Narciso Claveria y Zaldua in 1849 that mandated the native population to adopt standard surnames. The name is commonly misspelled as Baltasar and sometimes misinterpreted as his pen name.
Jessica Cooper
Jessica Cooper (born 1967) is a designer and painter, living in Cornwall, England. She is a Royal West of England Academician and a member of the Newlyn Society of Artists.

Cooper was born in Bristol and grew up in Cornwall. During 1985 and 1986, Cooper did a foundation course at the Falmouth School of Art. At Goldsmiths College from 1986 to 1989 Cooper earned a B.A. (Hons) in Fine Art and Textiles. Cooper coordinated the educational programme for the Newlyn Art Gallery's St. Ives International in 1997. She organised and led the course The Representational to the Abstract at Dartington Hall. Cooper had a solo show at the Newlyn Gallery in 2001 and has featured in several group shows. Her work was featured in the 2007 "Art Now Cornwall" exhibition, at Tate St Ives.

Falmouth University
Falmouth University is a specialist public university for the creative industries based in Falmouth and Penryn, Cornwall, England. Founded as Falmouth School of Art in 1902, it was later known as Falmouth College of Art and Design and then Falmouth College of Arts until 2012, when the university college was officially granted full university status by the Privy Council.

The university is located across two campuses, in the towns of Penryn and Falmouth. Penryn Campus, near the town of Penryn, is the larger of its two campuses, which it operates in partnership with the University of Exeter. The Falmouth Campus is in Falmouth town centre. Falmouth University has about 7,000 students as of 2023, offering undergraduate and postgraduate degrees.
Evangelical Baptist Convention of Argentina
The Evangelical Baptist Convention of Argentina (Spanish: Convención Evangélica Bautista Argentina) also known as Evangelical Baptist Confederation (Spanish: Confederación Evangélica Bautista) is a Baptist Christian denomination in Argentina. It is affiliated with the Baptist World Alliance. The headquarters is in Buenos Aires.

Baptist World Alliance
The Baptist World Alliance (BWA) is an international communion of Baptists, with an estimated 53 million people from 283 member bodies in 138 countries and territories as of 2025. A voluntary association of Baptist churches, the BWA accounts for about half the Baptists in the world, becoming Christianity's seventh-largest communion (see list of Christian denominations by membership).

The BWA was founded in 1905 in London during an international congress of Baptist churches. Its headquarters are in Falls Church, Virginia, United States. It is led by general secretary and CEO Elijah M. Brown, Karl Johnson of the Jamaica Baptist Union, Chair of the Alliance and Lynn Green of the Baptist Union of Great Britain, Vice Chair.
Rena Lee
Rena Lee is the ambassador for Singapore Oceans and Law of the Sea issues, special envoy of the Minister for Foreign Affairs, and ambassador for international law. She is also the chief executive of the Intellectual Property Office of Singapore (IPOS), having taken over from Daren Tang. She was included in the Leaders category of Time Magazine's 2024 list of the 100 most influential people for her chairing of successful final negotiations, leading to an agreed text for the first international agreement under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biological Diversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ) more simply known as the High Seas Treaty.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Singapore)
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA; Malay: Kementerian Ehwal Luar Negeri; Chinese: 新加坡外交部; Tamil: வெளியுறவு அமைச்சு) is in charge of the country's foreign relations, as well as handling matters and providing consular assistance related to overseas Singaporean citizens. It was established on 9 August 1965. 
A ministry for the Government of Singapore, it is also responsible for conducting and managing diplomatic relations between Singapore and other countries and regions.
Kyle Exume
Kyle Exume (born November 22, 1987) is a Canadian former professional football running back who played in the Canadian Football League (CFL). He was drafted 40th overall by the Saskatchewan Roughriders in the 2011 CFL draft, but was released after training camp. He subsequently signed with the Hamilton Tiger-Cats on June 27, 2011. He played CIS football for the Bishop's Gaiters.

Bishop's Gaiters
The Bishop's Gaiters is the men's and women's athletic teams that represent Bishop's University in Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada. The name Gaiter is a nickname used to refer to garments worn over the shoe and lower pants leg, worn by Anglican bishops until the beginning of the 20th century. The teams play in U Sports, mostly competing in the Réseau du sport étudiant du Québec (RSEQ), while the football program competes in the Atlantic University Sport football conference. The Gaiters' home field is Coulter Field, a 2,200 seat capacity stadium located on the university's campus.
Port of Bujumbura
The Port of Bujumbura is a port on Lake Tanganyika serving Bujumbura, the largest city in Burundi. It is the largest port on the lake and handles about 80% of Burundi's imports and exports. Constructed in 1959 and expanded in the early 1990s, the port includes berthing facilities, gantry cranes, warehouses, and an open storage area. The port is also used as a transit point for goods destined for Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Lake Tanganyika
Lake Tanganyika (/ˌtæŋɡənˈjiːkə, -ɡæn-/ TANG-gən-YEE-kə, -⁠gan-; Kirundi: Ikiyaga ca Tanganyika) is an African Great Lake. It is the world's second-largest freshwater lake by volume and the second deepest, in both cases after Lake Baikal in Siberia. It is the world's longest freshwater lake. It is also the 6th largest lake by area. The lake is shared among four countries—Tanzania, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (the DRC), Burundi, and Zambia—with Tanzania (46%) and the DRC (40%) possessing the majority of the lake. It drains via the Lukuga River into the Congo River system, which ultimately discharges at Banana, Democratic Republic of the Congo into the Atlantic Ocean.
Stary Międzyłęż
Stary Międzyłęż [ˈstarɨ mjɛnˈd͡zɨwɛ̃ʂ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pelplin, within Tczew County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It is located in the ethnocultural region of Kociewie in the historic region of Pomerania.

Kociewie
Kociewie is an ethnocultural region in the eastern part of Tuchola Forest, in northern Poland, Pomerania, that is inhabited by the Kociewians. Its cultural capital is Starogard Gdański, the biggest town is Tczew, while other major towns include Świecie, and Pelplin. The region has about 250,000 inhabitants. It has well-developed industry and agriculture. Administratively, it is divided between the Pomeranian and Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeships.

Kociewie is bordered by the Chełmno Land in the south, Powiśle in the east, Kashubia and Żuławy Wiślane in the north, and other parts of historic Pomerania in the west.
Cumann Warsaw
Cumann Warsaw (Cumann Warszawa) is a GAA club in Warsaw, Poland. The club has joint hurling and Gaelic football sessions once a week at Pole Mokotowskie, with winter training taking place indoors at the nearby Stadion Skra.

RKS Skra Stadium
The RKS Skra Stadium (Polish: Stadion RKS Skra) is a historic football and athletics stadium in Mokotów Field, Warsaw, Poland. It is currently used mostly for rugby union matches as the home stadium of Skra Warsaw. The stadium has a capacity of 35,000 people, but has been closed since October 2019.
Memsie Cairn
Memsie Cairn is an ancient cairn in Memsie, near Fraserburgh, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. It is the last remaining cairn of the § Cairns Of Memsie.

The burial cairn was constructed during the Bronze Age and finds from the site suggest it was used up into the Medieval period. It is a scheduled monument managed by Historic Environment Scotland.

Historic Environment Scotland
Historic Environment Scotland (HES) (Scottish Gaelic: Àrainneachd Eachdraidheil Alba) is an executive non-departmental public body responsible for investigating, caring for and promoting Scotland's historic environment. HES was formed in 2015 from the merger of government agency Historic Scotland with the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland (RCAHMS).
Cumbria Police, Fire and Crime Commissioner
The Cumbria Police, Fire and Crime Commissioner is the police, fire and crime commissioner, an elected official tasked with setting out the way crime is tackled by Cumbria Police in the English ceremonial county of Cumbria. The post was created in November 2012, as Cumbria Police and Crime Commissioner following an election held on 15 November 2012, and replaced the Cumbria Police Authority. Richard Rhodes was the first Cumbria Police and Crime Commissioner.

The current incumbent is David Allen, who was elected for the Labour Party.

On 1 April 2023, the commissioner took on responsibility for Cumbria Fire and Rescue Service’s governance following the abolition of Cumbria County Council.

Cumbria County Council
Cumbria County Council was the county council for the non-metropolitan county of Cumbria in the North West of England between 1974 and 2023. It was responsible for county-level services, including schools, roads, and social services. It worked in a two-tier arrangement with the county's six district councils.

On 1 April 2023, the county council and six district councils were abolished. In their place two new councils were created, with local government functions transferred to the two new unitary authorities: Cumberland Council and Westmorland and Furness Council. Cumbria continues to exist as a ceremonial county, but no longer has a county-wide elected council.
Revue Médicale Suisse
The Revue médicale suisse (French pronunciation: [ʁəvy medikal sɥis]) is a weekly peer-reviewed medical journal published in French and aimed at the continuing medical education of medical practitioners and the francophone medical community in general.

Embase
Embase (often styled EMBASE for Excerpta Medica dataBASE) is a biomedical and pharmacological bibliographic database of published literature designed to support information managers and pharmacovigilance in complying with the regulatory requirements of a licensed drug. Embase, produced by Elsevier, contains over 32 million records from over 8,500 currently published journals from 1947 to the present. Through its international coverage, daily updates, and drug indexing with EMTREE, Embase enables tracking and retrieval of drug information in the published literature. Each record is fully indexed and Articles in Press are available for some records and In Process are available for all records, ahead of full indexing. Embase's international coverage expands across biomedical journals from 95 countries and is available through a number of database vendors.
Vidaurri
Vidaurri is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Guillermo Cosío Vidaurri (1929–2019), Mexican diplomat

Rita Vidaurri (1924–2019), Tejana singer

Santiago Vidaurri (1809–1867), Mexican politician

Shane-Michael Vidaurri, American graphic artist

Rita Vidaurri
Rita Vidaurri (May 22, 1924 – January 16, 2019) was a Tejana singer from San Antonio, Texas, who worked with Nat King Cole, Pedro Infante, Jorge Negrete and Eva Garza.

Gifted with a powerful voice from a musical family, Vidaurri had to hide her gift from her saloon-owning father. As a pre-teen, her mother would take her to a local amateur singing contest in San Antonio, where she won the five-dollar first prize 18 weeks in a row. Vidaurri was only 14 when her mother died. At the time, she would perform in one of her father's saloons with her sister as "Las Hermanas Vidaurri."
Everette Harp
Everette Harp (born August 17, 1961, in Houston, Texas) is an American jazz saxophonist who has recorded for Blue Note,  Capitol and Shanachie Records. His album Jazz Funk Soul, a collaboration with Chuck Loeb and Jeff Lorber, received his first nomination for a Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Instrumental Album at 57th Annual Grammy Awards.

The Arsenio Hall Show
The Arsenio Hall Show is an American syndicated late-night talk show created by and starring comedian Arsenio Hall.

There have been two different incarnations of The Arsenio Hall Show. The original series premiered on January 3, 1989, and ran until May 27, 1994. Nineteen years after the original series ended, Hall returned for a revival. It premiered on September 9, 2013, and was cancelled after one season, with the finale airing on May 21, 2014.

Both series were produced by Hall's production company, Arsenio Hall Communications. The original series was produced and distributed by Paramount Domestic Television and taped at Stage 29 at Paramount Studios in Los Angeles. The second series was shot at Sunset Bronson Studios in Hollywood, and it was produced by Tribune Broadcasting, Octagon Entertainment and Eye Productions. It was distributed by CBS Television Distribution.
58th United States Congress
The 58th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC, from March 4, 1903, to March 4, 1905, during the third and fourth years of Theodore Roosevelt's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1900 United States census. Both chambers had a Republican majority.

1900 United States census
The 1900 United States census, conducted by the Census Office on June 1, 1900, determined the resident population of the United States to be 76,212,168, an increase of 21.01% from the 62,979,766 persons enumerated during the 1890 census. It was the last census to be conducted before the founding of the permanent United States Census Bureau.

The census saw the nation's largest city, New York City, more than double in size due to the consolidation with Brooklyn, becoming in the process the first U.S. city to record a population growth of over three million — Brooklyn was previously the 4th largest city in the United States on its own.

Oversight of the statistics was by Frederick Howard Wines and Walter F. Willcox.
Nymphargus pluvialis
Nymphargus pluvialis is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae. It is known from the area of its type locality, Pistipata, Río Umasbamba, in the Huayopata District as well as Manu National Park of the Cusco Region of Peru and La Paz, Bolivia. Its common name is Pistipata cochran frog, although it no longer is included in the genus Cochranella.

La Paz Department (Bolivia)
The La Paz Department of Bolivia comprises 133,985 square kilometres (51,732 sq mi) with a 2024 census population of 3,022,566 inhabitants. It is situated at the western border of Bolivia, sharing Lake Titicaca with the neighboring Peru. It contains the Cordillera Real mountain range, which reaches altitudes of 6.6 kilometers (22,000 ft). Northeast of the Cordillera Real are the Yungas, the steep eastern slopes of the Andes Mountains that make the transition to the Amazon River basin to the northeast. The capital of the department is the city of La Paz and is the administrative city and seat of government/national capital of Bolivia.
Ditkin set
In mathematics, a Ditkin set, introduced by (Ditkin 1939), is a closed subset of the circle such that a function f vanishing on the set can be approximated by functions φnf with φ vanishing in a neighborhood of the set.

Set (mathematics)
In mathematics, a set is a collection of different things; the things are called elements or members of the set and are typically mathematical objects: numbers, symbols, points in space, lines, geometric shapes, variables, or other sets.  A set may be finite or infinite. There is a unique set with no elements, called the empty set; a set with a single element is a singleton.

Mathematics typically does not define precisely what constitutes a "set" or "collection", because such a definition would have to be in terms of something else previously defined.  Instead, sets serve as foundational objects whose behavior is described by axioms modeled on intuition about collections, and then essentially all other mathematical objects are rigorously defined in terms of sets.

Set theory studies possible axiom systems and their consequences.
Since the first half of the 20th century, ZFC (Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory with the axiom of choice) has been the axiom system most commonly used.
Conception Island, Bahamas
Conception Island is an islet located in the Bahamas.  It is 7–9 km2 (2.7–3.5 sq mi) and reaches 25 m (82 ft) above sea level. It is an important rookery for nesting seabirds and hatching site for green turtles. It is uninhabited and protected as part of the Conception Island National Park.

In 2015, a species of boa called the Conception Bank silver boa (Chilabothrus argentum) was found to occur here; the new species is endemic to Conception as well as its satellite islets.

Writers such as Rupert Gould and Steven Mitchell have proposed the theory that Conception might be Guanahani, the island where Christopher Columbus made his first landfall in the Americas on October 12, 1492; but evidence in the debate about the identity of Guanahani is inconclusive.

Rupert Gould
Rupert Thomas Gould (16 November 1890 – 5 October 1948) was a lieutenant-commander in the British Royal Navy noted for his contributions to horology (the science and study of timekeeping devices). He was also an author and radio personality.
Coney Island Auto Parts, Inc. v. Burton
Coney Island Auto Parts, Inc. v. Burton, 607 U.S. ___ (2026), is a case before the Supreme Court of the United States concerning whether the “reasonable time” requirement in Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 60(c)(1) limits when a party may move under Rule 60(b)(4) to set aside a default judgment as void for lack of personal jurisdiction.

The dispute arose from an adversary proceeding in the bankruptcy of Vista-Pro Automotive, LLC, in which the bankruptcy court in the Middle District of Tennessee entered a default judgment against Coney Island Auto Parts Unlimited, Inc. (a New York corporation). After Coney Island sought to vacate that judgment several years later, lower courts denied the motion as untimely under Rule 60(c)(1).

The Supreme Court granted certiorari on June 6, 2025, and heard oral argument on November 4, 2025. On January 20, 2026, the Court issued its decision unanimously affirming the Sixth Circuit's decision.

Default judgment
Default judgment is a binding judgment in favor of either party based on some failure to take action by the other party.  Most often, it is a judgment in favor of a plaintiff when the defendant has not responded to a summons or has failed to appear before a court of law.  The failure to take action is the default.  The default judgment is the relief requested in the party's original petition.

Default can be compared to a forfeit victory in sports. In a civil trial involving damages, a default judgment will enter the amount of damages pleaded in the original complaint.  If proof of damages is required, the court may schedule another hearing on that issue. A party can have a default judgment vacated, or set aside, by filing a motion, after the judgment is entered, by showing of a proper excuse.