hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Cutler alias Carwithan
John Cutler alias Carwithan (died 1467?) of Exeter, Devon, was an English politician.

He was a member of the Parliament of England (MP) for Exeter in May 1421, 1425, 1429, 1433 and 1461. He was mayor of Exeter in 1436–7, 1442–3 and 1448–9.

Exeter (UK Parliament constituency)
Exeter (/ˈɛksɪtər/ EK-sit-ər) is a constituency composed of the cathedral city and county town of Devon represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2024 by Steve Race of the Labour Party.
HSwMS Sjöormen
Several ships of the Swedish Navy have been named HSwMS Sjöormen, named after the sea serpent:

HSwMS Sjöormen (1941) was a Sjölejonet-class submarine launched in 1941

HSwMS Sjöormen (Sor) was a Sjöormen-class submarine launched in 1967 and sold to Singapore in 1997

Swedish Navy
The Swedish Navy (Swedish: Svenska marinen) is the maritime service branch of the Swedish Armed Forces. It is composed of surface and submarine naval units – the Fleet (Flottan), formally sometimes referred to as the Royal Navy (Kungliga Flottan) – as well as marine units, the Amphibious Corps (Amfibiekåren).

Founded under King Gustav Vasa in 1522, the Swedish navy is one of the oldest continuously serving navies in the world, celebrating its 500th anniversary in 2022.
Pacer (dinghy)
The Pacer class of sailing dinghy, formerly known as the Puffin Pacer, was designed in the United Kingdom by Jack Holt. It was commissioned by Puffin Paints and Glues to be designed as sailing dinghy for use by families, so needing to be larger than their earlier Puffin dinghy. It has since become a popular learning and racing dinghy in Australia, Canada, the Netherlands, India and the UK. The name was changed in the UK early 1970s, although Australia continued to use the name until 1989, when they followed the UK in dropping the "puffin" and chose the wedge-tailed shearwater as the boat's symbol.

Available with both wooden and fiberglass hulls and designed to be sailed by a crew of two, the Pacer has a rig consisting of three sails: a mainsail, jib and a spinnaker.

In a mixed fleet of classes, the Pacer races off a Portsmouth Yardstick handicap of 1193.

Portsmouth Yardstick
The Portsmouth Yardstick (PY) or Portsmouth handicap scheme is a term used for a number of related systems of empirical handicapping used primarily in small sailboat racing.

The handicap is applied to the time taken to sail any course, and the handicaps can be used with widely differing types of sailboats. Portsmouth Numbers are updated with data from race results, normally annually. The various schemes are not directly linked, and ratings for the same class can and often do vary in the different schemes.

The most prominent Portsmouth Yardstick systems are probably those administered in the United States by the Portsmouth Numbers Committee, in the United Kingdom by the Royal Yachting Association (RYA) and in Australia by Victoria Yachting.
Winslow–Haskell Mansion
The Winslow–Haskell Mansion, also known locally as The Castle, is a historic house at 53 Vista Avenue in Newton, Massachusetts.  The large Gothic Victorian house was built c. 1870, and enlarged and remodeled in 1882.  The early construction included Gothic pointed-arch windows and vergeboard trim.  Later work added Queen Anne styling, including the three-story tower, with polychrome roofing and cement-like wall surfacing.  It has several ornately decorated porches.  The house was purchased in 1872 by Edwin Haskell, owner of the Boston Herald.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979, and included in the Lasell Neighborhood Historic District in 1986.  It was converted into a multiunit condominium in the 1980s.

Newton, Massachusetts
Newton is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. It is located roughly 8 miles (13 km) west of Downtown Boston, and comprises a patchwork of thirteen villages. The city borders Boston to the northeast and southeast (via the neighborhoods of Brighton and West Roxbury), Brookline to the east, Watertown and Waltham to the north, and Weston, Wellesley, and Needham to the west. At the 2020 U.S. census, the population of Newton was 88,923.

Newton is home to the Charles River, Crystal Lake, and Heartbreak Hill, among other landmarks. It is served by several streets and highways (including Route 9, Hammond Pond Parkway, and the Mass Pike), as well as the Green Line D branch run by the MBTA.

Historically, the area that is now Newton was settled in 1639, and was originally first part of Cambridge (then called "the newe towne"). It split from Cambridge in 1681, and became known by its present name of Newton in 1766. It then became a city in 1874.
Jean Langlais
Jean François-Hyacinthe Langlais III (15 February 1907 – 8 May 1991) was a French composer of modern classical music, organist, and improviser. He described himself as "Breton, de foi Catholique" ("Breton, of Catholic faith").

Improvisation
Improvisation or improvization (often shortened to improv) is the activity of making or doing something not planned beforehand, using whatever can be found. The origin of the word itself is in the Latin "improvisus", which literally means un-foreseen. Improvisation in the performing arts is a very spontaneous performance without specific or scripted preparation. The skills of improvisation can apply to many different faculties across all artistic, scientific, physical, cognitive, academic, and non-academic disciplines; see Applied improvisation.
Supervivientes: Perdidos en Honduras (2022)
Supervivientes 2022: Perdidos en Honduras is the seventeenth season of the show Supervivientes and the twenty-first season of Survivor to air in Spain and it was broadcast on Telecinco from 21 April 2022 to 28 July 2022 and won by Alejandro Nieto (Mister Spain 2015).

This season repeated the same host panel from the previous season: Jorge Javier Vázquez was the main host at the central studio in Madrid, with Lara Álvarez co-hosting from the island and Carlos Sobera hosting a gala in Cuatro, but Ion Aramendi replaced Jordi González hosting a side debate of the program.

Ion Aramendi
Ion Aramendi Urrestarazu (born 11 February 1977) is a Spanish journalist, television presenter and former basketball player. He presented programmes such as El cazador, the Spanish version of The Chase, on La 1 of Televisión Española. In 2022 he moved to Mediaset's Telecinco, presenting shows such as Supervivientes, Gran Hermano VIP and Factor X.
Lilium maritimum
Lilium maritimum is a species of lily known by the common name coast lily. It is endemic to California, where it is known only from the coastline north of San Francisco. It formerly occurred south of San Francisco, but these occurrences have all been extirpated. The species is now restricted to the North Coast from Marin County to Del Norte County, and is most common in Mendocino County. It grows in the California coastal prairie habitat, coniferous forests, and bogs amongst Drosera species.

Local extinction
Local extinction, also extirpation, is the termination of a species (or other taxon) in a chosen geographic area of study, though it still exists elsewhere. Local extinctions are contrasted with global extinctions.

Local extinctions mark a change in the ecology of an area. It has sometimes been followed by a replacement of the species taken from other locations, such as with wolf reintroduction.
2007 MercedesCup – Doubles
Gastón Gaudio and Max Mirnyi were the defending champions, but Gaudio did not compete this year to focus on the singles tournament. Mirnyi teamed up with Mischa Zverev and lost in first round to tournament runners-up Guillermo García-López and Fernando Verdasco.

František Čermák and Leoš Friedl won the tournament by defeating García-López and Verdasco 6–4, 6–4 in the final.

Max Mirnyi
Maksim Mikalaevich "Max" Mirnyi (born 6 July 1977) is a Belarusian former professional tennis player.

Mirnyi became a doubles specialist following his singles career, in which he reached a career-high of World No. 18 (August 2003) and finished in the top 50 in the world for seven straight years despite only winning one ATP singles title (2003 Rotterdam Open). He represented Belarus in Davis Cup competition from April 1994, where he holds a record of 47 wins and 27 losses in 35 ties played. He reached the World No. 1 doubles ranking in June 2003 and won ten Grand Slam titles: Men's doubles in the 2000 and 2002 US Open and the 2005, 2006, 2011 and 2012 French Open; and mixed doubles in the 1998, 2007, and 2013 U.S. Opens and 1998 Wimbledon.

At the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, Mirnyi carried the flag of Belarus at the Opening Ceremony on 27 July 2012, and won the gold medal in the mixed doubles with Victoria Azarenka on 5 August 2012.

His nickname is "The Beast of Belarus".
Mikhail Pervukhin (writer)
Mikhail Konstantinovich Pervukhin (17 September [O.S. 5 September] 1870 – 30 December 1928) was a Russian writer, journalist, editor and translator. A fairly well-known writer before the Bolshevik Revolution, Pervukhin was disregarded in the Soviet era, his works were reappreciated in the 1990s. He wrote over 20 fictional works and some non-fictional ones.

Damnatio memoriae
Damnatio memoriae (Classical Latin pronunciation: [damˈnaːti.oː mɛˈmɔri.ae̯]) is a modern Latin phrase meaning "condemnation of memory" or "damnation of memory", indicating that a person is to be excluded from official accounts. There are and have been many routes to damnatio memoriae including the destruction of depictions, the removal of names from inscriptions and documents, and even large-scale rewritings of history.
Fiddle Dancer Boy
Fiddle Dancer Boy (1978–1991) was a Canadian Thoroughbred racehorse who won the 1981 Queen's Plate, Canada's most prestigious race and North America's oldest annually run stakes race. Bred by prominent Ontario owner/breeder Warren Beasley, he was sired by Nice Dancer, the 1972 Canadian Champion Three-Year-Old Male Horse. He was out of the mare Fiddly Dee, whose sire was 1961 Canadian Horse of the Year Hidden Treasure.

As a yearling, Fiddle Dancer Boy was purchased for $20,000 by Toronto car dealer Jack Carmichael and his brother Donald on the recommendation of future Hall of Fame trainer Jim Bentley.

Canadian Horse Racing Hall of Fame
The Canadian Horse Racing Hall of Fame was established in 1976 to honour those who have made a significant contribution to the sport of harness and Thoroughbred horse racing in Canada. It is located at Woodbine Racetrack in Toronto, Ontario.

The Hall of Fame annually inducts Thoroughbred and Standardbred horses, sulky drivers, jockeys, trainers and the horse racing industry's builders.
Barry Molloy
Barry Molloy (born 28 November 1983) is an Irish retired footballer who played for Drogheda United, Derry City, Crusaders and Finn Harps. He began his career as a youth player at Derby County.

He spent the majority of his career playing with his hometown club Derry City, with whom he served as captain. He is generally considered to be a club legend by the Brandywell fan base.

Molloy was a member of successful Derry squads which won two FAI Cups in 2006 and 2012, and five League of Ireland Cups in 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, and 2011. He also played a key role in helping Derry return to the Irish top flight after winning the 2010 League of Ireland First Division.

League of Ireland Cup
The League of Ireland Cup, also referred to in Ireland as the 'League Cup', was an annual knockout competition in men's football in Ireland. It was contested by League of Ireland clubs and invited clubs from the lower levels of the Irish football league system. It has been sponsored by Electronic Arts and branded the EA Sports Cup since 2009.

The competition began in 1973–74, replacing the League of Ireland Shield and the Dublin City Cup. It has had several formats since its inception and has been a knock-out competition since 2005. As there was no European qualification for winners of the League of Ireland Cup, it had a lower status than the FAI Cup and was therefore seen as the third most important trophy in the Irish playing season.

The competition was not held in 2020 and 2021 as a result of delays and restrictions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, and has yet to resume being held as of 2025.
Kathy Peiss
Kathy Lee Peiss (born 1953) is an American historian. She is the Roy F. and Jeannette P. Nichols Professor of American History at The University of Pennsylvania. She is a fellow of the Society of American Historians.

Society of American Historians
The Society of American Historians, founded in 1939,promotes and celecbrates literary excellence in the writing of American history and biography. Its roughly 300 members consist of professional historians, independent scholars, journalists, filmmakers, documentarians, novelists, poets, and biographers —all chosen for their outstanding literary merit and intellectual rigor in presenting American history.
2006–07 Ukrainian Second League
The 2006–07 Ukrainian Second League was the 16th season of 3rd level professional football in Ukraine. The competitions were divided into two groups – A and B. This was a consolidation of the Second League from three groups in the previous season to two, due to the number of team withdrawal.

Ukrainian Second League
The Ukrainian Second League (Ukrainian: Друга ліга, Druha Liha) is a professional football league in Ukraine which is part of the Professional Football League of Ukraine, a collective member of the Ukrainian Association of Football. As the third tier it was established in 1992 as the Transitional League and changed its name the next season.

The league is lower than the Ukrainian First League (Persha Liha) and the lowest level of professional football competitions in the country. Since 1996 the league, after being merged with its lower tier (in 1992–1995 there was the Third League), consists of two main regions roughly north-west and south-east. The league's relegated teams lose their professional status and return to their regional associations.
Baltimore Crew
The Baltimore Crew was an Italian-American  organized-crime group that ultimately became a faction of the Gambino crime family operating in the port city of Baltimore, Maryland, from about 1900 until the 1990s. It was originally an independent organization, led by the D'Urso family until the Corbi takeover in the 1920s. In 1955, Vincent Mangano of the New York–based Gambino family moved in and installed Louis Morici as the reigning caporegime over the area. The Corbi family acquiesced to the Gambino relationship, but maintained local leaders, simply answering to and accessing support from Morici and his New York Gambino connections. Throughout most of its existence, after 1920, "The Baltimore Cosca" was functionally headed by members of the Corbi family: Vito, and then his sons, Pasquale "Patsy" and Frank.

Caporegime
A caporegime or capodecina, usually shortened to capo or informally referred to as "captain", "skipper" or "lieutenant", is a leadership position in the Mafia (both the Sicilian Mafia and Italian-American Mafia). A capo is a "made member" of an Italian crime family who heads a regime or "crew" of soldiers and has major status and influence in the organization. Caporegime is an Italian word, used to signify the head of a family in Sicily. In general, the term indicates the head of a branch of an organized crime syndicate who commands a crew of soldiers and reports directly to the don (boss) or an underboss or street boss. The shortened version "capo" has also been used to refer to certain high-ranking members of Latin American drug cartels.
Quillen–Lichtenbaum conjecture
In mathematics, the Quillen–Lichtenbaum conjecture is a conjecture relating étale cohomology to algebraic K-theory introduced by Quillen (1975, p. 175), who was inspired by earlier conjectures of Lichtenbaum (1973). Kahn (1997) and Rognes & Weibel (2000) proved the Quillen–Lichtenbaum conjecture at the prime 2 for some number fields. Voevodsky, using some important results of Markus Rost, proved the Bloch–Kato conjecture, which implies the Quillen–Lichtenbaum conjecture for all primes.

Vladimir Voevodsky
Vladimir Alexandrovich Voevodsky (/vɔɪɛˈvɒdski/, Russian: Влади́мир Алекса́ндрович Воево́дский; 4 June 1966 – 30 September 2017) was a Russian-American mathematician. His work in developing a homotopy theory for algebraic varieties and formulating motivic cohomology led to the award of a Fields Medal in 2002. He is also known for the proof of the Milnor conjecture and motivic Bloch–Kato conjectures and for the univalent foundations of mathematics and homotopy type theory.
Women En Large
Women En Large: Images of Fat Nudes by Laurie Toby Edison, with text by Debbie Notkin, was published in 1994 by Books in Focus. The book is a fine-art photography book of nudes of fat women. It contains 41 black-and-white photographs and two essays by Notkin, plus an artist's statement by Edison and an assortment of work (poetry, songs, quotations) by the women in the photographs.

Tracy Young, reviewing the book in Allure magazine, said, "Like painter Lucian Freud's monumental nudes of performance artist Leigh Bowery... the nude women in Women En Large have a certain majesty, the unabashedness of Henry Moore sculptures. They have escaped. And they're enough to convince you that clothes, not flesh, are what makes fat people look diminished."

Photographs from Women En Large have been shown in New York, Tokyo, Kyoto, Toronto, Boston, London, St. Petersburg, Beijing, Seoul, Budapest, and San Francisco.

Leigh Bowery
Leigh Bowery (26 March 1961 – 31 December 1994) was an Australian performance artist, club promoter, and fashion designer. Bowery's performances featured striking costumes and make-up and were conceptual, flamboyant, outlandish, and sometimes controversial.

Based in London for much of his adult life, he was a model and muse for the English painter Lucian Freud. Bowery's friend and fellow performer Boy George said he saw Bowery's performances a number of times, and that they "never ceased to impress or revolt."
Klaus Zumwinkel
Klaus-Gerhard Maximilian Zumwinkel (German pronunciation: [ˈtsʊmvɪŋkəl], born December 15, 1943) was Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chairman of Deutsche Post between 1990 and 2008. Being under suspicion of tax fraud, he resigned from office on February 15, 2008. He was convicted in January 2009, and given a suspended sentence of two years imprisonment and fined one million euros.

Deutsche Post
Deutsche Post (German pronunciation: [ˈdɔʏtʃə ˈpɔst], lit. 'German Post') is a brand of DHL Group (listed as "Deutsche Post AG"), used for its domestic mail services in Germany. The services offered under the brand are those of a traditional mail service, making the brand the successor of the former state-owned mail monopoly, Deutsche Bundespost. As of 2008, the monopoly for Deutsche Post on these services has expired.
Jim Denley
Jim Denley (b 1957) is one of Australia's foremost improvisers of new music  known for his improvisations on wind instruments and electronics. His radio work Collaborations, produced by ABC Radio National radio won the 1989 Prix Italia for radio production. He was a member of the group Machine for Making Sense with Rik Rue, Amanda Stewart, Chris Mann and Stevie Wishart and the medieval music group Sinfonye, led by Stevie Wishart, in which he played frame drums, including the square medieval pandeiro.

He has performed in Australia, Europe, Japan and the US with artists such as Chris Abrahams, Clare Cooper, Keith Rowe, Joel Stern, Robbie Avenaim, Jon Rose, John Butcher, Otomo Yoshihide, Fred Frith, Phil Niblock, Trey Spruance, Clayton Thomas, Tess de Quincy, Axel Dörner, Adam Sussman, Ami Yoshida, Oren Ambarchi, Tony Buck, Ikue Mori, Sachiko M, Malcolm Goldstein, Michael Sheridan and Annette Krebs.

Phill Niblock
Phillip Earl Niblock (October 2, 1933 – January 8, 2024) was an American composer, filmmaker, and videographer. In 1985, he was appointed director of Experimental Intermedia, a foundation for avant-garde music based in New York with a parallel branch in Ghent, Belgium.
1825 Costa Rican Head of State election
Head of State elections were held in Costa Rica on 20 May 1825. In the election liberal Juan Mora Fernández was re-elected as Head of State, a position that he occupied provisionally by mandate of the Congress. The elections in this period were held in two levels, first voted by citizens exercising their public vote who thus chose the electors who would formally elect the president. The representation by region was; 11 for San José, 8 for Cartago, 8 for Heredia, 5 for Alajuela, 3 for Escazú, 2 for Ujarrás, 1 for Térraba and 1 for Bagaces. Mora received the vote of all provinces except Alajuela who voted unanimously for his rival Mariano Montealegre.

Juan Mora Fernández
Juan Mora Fernández (July 12, 1784 – November 16, 1854) was a Costa Rican teacher and principal who served as Costa Rica's first elected head of state. He was considered a liberal. Mora was elected as the first head of state in 1824 (provisional until 1825).

He is remembered for instituting land reform, and he followed a progressive course. As a consequence of his land reform structure, he inadvertently created an elite class of powerful coffee barons. Under his tenure he signed the Acta de Indepencia. The barons eventually overthrew one of his later successors, José María Alfaro Zamora.

From 1850 to 1854 he was Magistrate and President of the Supreme Court of Justice of Costa Rica; he died shortly after he resigned. The first printing press arrived in Costa Rica under his tenure.
Frank Griffiths (pilot)
Frank Cromwell Griffiths, DFC, AFC, (1 May 1912 – 27 March 1996), nicknamed 'Griff', was a special duties pilot in the Royal Air Force during the Second World War who flew over 60 types of aircraft as a test pilot. In August 1943, Griffiths was shot down delivering supplies to the French Resistance near Annecy in southeast France. The only survivor, he spent the next three months escaping via France, Switzerland and Spain, before returning to Britain and to test piloting in early 1944. In 1945, as part of the Blind Landings Experimental Unit, he recorded the world's first auto landing, a forerunner of autopilot. He retired from the RAF in 1962 as a Group Captain.

Telecommunications Research Establishment
52°06′00″N 2°18′58″W﻿ / ﻿52.100°N 2.316°W﻿ / 52.100; -2.316

The Telecommunications Research Establishment (TRE) was the main United Kingdom research and development organisation for radio navigation, radar, infra-red detection for heat seeking missiles, and related work for the Royal Air Force (RAF) during World War II and the years that followed. It was regarded as "the most brilliant and successful of the English wartime research establishments" under "Rowe, who saw more of the English scientific choices between 1935 and 1945 than any single man."

The name was changed to Radar Research Establishment in 1953, and again to the Royal Radar Establishment in 1957. This article covers the precursor organizations and the Telecommunications Research Establishment up to the time of the name change. The later work at the site is described in the separate article about RRE.