hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
C. Stuart Adams
Charles Stuart Adams is a British physicist and Professor in the Durham University Department of Physics, which he joined in 1995.

He studied at Hertford College, Oxford as an undergraduate, completed an MRes at McMaster University, and received his PhD from the University of Strathclyde.

His main research interest is experimental quantum optics.

Adams was awarded the Joseph Thomson Medal and Prize by the Institute of Physics in 2014. He also received the Fernand Holweck Medal and Prize in 2020 for his experimental studies on light–matter interactions, which have often involved the use of Rydberg atoms.

Department of Physics, Durham University
The Department of Physics at Durham University, located in Durham, England, is responsible for both undergraduate and postgraduate teaching as well as scientific research in physics and astronomy.

The department hosts the largest particle theory group in the United Kingdom. It is also noted for its research in astronomy and astrophysics, including one of the largest groups in Europe studying galaxy evolution.

Based on the Mountjoy site south of the River Wear, the department is home to two research institutes: the Institute for Particle Physics Phenomenology and the Institute for Computational Cosmology.

In the 2023 and 2024 editions of The Guardian university league tables, the department was ranked second for physics in the United Kingdom.
Chilean round stingray
The Chilean round stingray (Urobatis marmoratus), is a species of round ray, family Urolophidae. Virtually nothing is known about it, as it is only known from a single specimen described by Rodolfo Amando Philippi in 1893. The specimen measured 38.5 cm long and was collected off Quintero, Chile. It had the nearly circular pectoral fin disc typical of the round rays, with the front margins straight. The distance between the eyes was more than two-thirds the distance between the eyes and the tip of the snout. The body was very thick for a ray, and completely smooth. The tail was shorter than the length of the disc. The coloration was distinctive, consisting of numerous small white spots on a dark background. It is likely benthic.

Quintero
Quintero is a Chilean city and commune in Valparaíso Province, in the Valparaíso Region, 30 kilometers north of Valparaíso. The commune spans an area of 147.5 km2 (57 sq mi). It was the first port in the country, created during the expedition of Diego de Almagro. Fundición Ventanas and other heavy industries are located in the commune of Quintero.
Jasybay
Jasybay (Russian: Джасыбай,  alternately Zhasybay) was a Kazakh mythic hero, a warrior who fought the Dzungarian invasion of the 16th and 17th centuries.  Jasybay himself was slain but the local tribes were successful in repelling that round of invasions.  Eventually protection was sought from the Russian Czar by the Middle Juz of Kazakh people against these repeated invasions.

Jasybay is said to be buried in a pass between Lake Jasybay and Lake Sabyndykul, so that his spirit can guard the entire Bayanaul territory.

Bayanaul District
Bayanaul (Kazakh: Баянауыл ауданы, Baianauyl audany) is a district of Pavlodar Region in northern Kazakhstan. The administrative center of the district is the aul of Bayanaul. Population: 27,899 (2013 estimate); 28,296 (2009 census results); 32,985 (1999 census results).
Euthymol
Euthymol is a brand of antiseptic, fluoride-free toothpaste, formulated without parabens and distributed by LG H&H.  It is characterized by its distinctive bright pink colour, strong herbal flavor, and medicinal taste. The product is also notable for its vintage-style metal tube packaging, which features a design with only a pattern and the product name. It is marketed as helping to remove plaque, support enamel health, and provide breath-freshening benefits.

Antiseptic
An antiseptic (Greek: ἀντί, romanized: anti, lit. 'against' and σηπτικός, sēptikos, 'putrefactive') is an antimicrobial substance or compound that is applied to living tissue to reduce the possibility of sepsis, infection, or putrefaction. Antiseptics are generally distinguished from antibiotics by the latter's ability to safely destroy bacteria within the body, and from disinfectants, which destroy microorganisms found on non-living objects.

Antibacterials include antiseptics that have the proven ability to act against bacteria. Microbicides which destroy virus particles are called viricides or antivirals. Antifungals, also known as antimycotics, are pharmaceutical fungicides used to treat and prevent mycosis (fungal infection).
Hui (priestess)
Hui or Huy was an ancient Egyptian priestess during the Eighteenth Dynasty. She was the mother of Merytre-Hatshepsut, the Great Royal Wife of Pharaoh Thutmose III.

Hui played an important role in the cults of Amun, Ra and Atum. One of her statues was found, it names her as the possible mother of the Great Royal Wife. This might prove that Merytre was not the daughter of Queen Hatshepsut, as she was thought to be. The statue, which is now in the British Museum, also depicts the children of Thutmose and Merytre, except for Amenhotep II. Princess Nebetiunet is sitting on her grandmother's lap, Prince Menkheperre and princesses Meritamen, the other Meritamen and Iset can be seen on the side of the statue. Iset was probably the youngest, as her figure is much smaller than that of the others.

Amenhotep II
Amenhotep II (also called Amenophis II and meaning "Amun is Satisfied") was the seventh pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt. He inherited a vast kingdom from his father Thutmose III, and held it by means of a few military campaigns in Syria; however, he fought much less than his father, and his reign saw the effective cessation of hostilities between Egypt and Mitanni, the major kingdoms vying for power in Syria. His reign is usually dated from 1427 to 1401 BC. His consort was Tiaa, who was barred from any prestige until Amenhotep's son, Thutmose IV, came into power.
Michele Placido
Michele Placido (Italian: [miˈkɛːle ˈplaːtʃido]; born 19 May 1946) is an Italian actor, director and screenwriter. He began his career on stage, and first gained mainstream attention through a series of roles in films directed by the likes of Mario Monicelli and Marco Bellocchio, winning the Berlinale's Silver Bear for Best Actor for his performance in the 1979 film Ernesto. He is known internationally for portraying police inspector Corrado Cattani on the crime drama television series La piovra (1984–2001). Placido's directorial debut, Pummarò, was screened Un Certain Regard at the 1990 Cannes Film Festival. Three of his films have competed for the Golden Lion at the Venice Film Festival. He is a five-time Nastro d'Argento and four-time David di Donatello winner. In 2021, Placido was appointed President of the Teatro Comunale in Ferrara.

Golden Lion
The Golden Lion (Italian: Leone d'oro) is the highest prize given to a film at the Venice Film Festival. The prize was introduced in 1949 by the organizing committee and is widely regarded as one of the film industry's most prestigious and distinguished prizes. In 1970, the Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement was introduced, an honorary prize for people who have made an important contribution to cinema.

The prize was introduced in 1949 as the Golden Lion of Saint Mark, which was one of the best known symbols of the ancient Republic of Venice. In 1954, the prize was permanently named the Golden Lion.
Mr Gay UK
Mr Gay UK was a British annual beauty contest for gay men, with regional heats held in gay nightclubs with a grand final usually at a gay venue. It began in 1982 as "Mr Hardware" (named after a fragrance) designed to promote a gay mail order company. The event, held in the Heaven nightclub, was filmed by the BBC as part of a documentary entitled Something For the Ladies.

In 1984, the competition name was changed to Mr Gay UK. Since then, the event has been recorded for video release (1993), featured on a Channel 4 series, Passengers (1994) and the event itself was broadcast on Five in 1998 and 1999.

The competition's website has not been updated since 2014 and no winners are listed after 2013.

Heaven (nightclub)
Heaven is a gay superclub in Charing Cross, London, England.  It has played a central role and had a major influence in the development of London's LGBT scene for over 40 years and is home to long-running gay night G-A-Y. The club is known for Paul Oakenfold's acid house events in the 1980s, the underground nightclub festival Megatripolis, and for being the birthplace of ambient house.

Soundshaft also hosted Future, a regular night on Thursdays run by Paul Oakenfold. At the end of the night, both crowds would come together when the doors connecting Heaven and Future opened for the last couple of songs.
Siege of Smolensk
Siege of Smolensk can refer to several battles:

Siege of Smolensk (1502) during Muscovite–Lithuanian War (1500–1503)

Siege of Smolensk (1514) during the fourth Muscovite–Lithuanian War (1512–1522)

Siege of Smolensk (1609–1611) during the Polish–Muscovite War (1605–1618)

Siege of Smolensk (1613–1617) during the Polish–Muscovite War (1605–1618)

Siege of Smolensk (1632–1633) during the Smolensk War (1632–1634)

Siege of Smolensk (1654) during the Russo-Polish War (1654–1667)

Siege of Smolensk (1632–1633)
The siege of Smolensk lasted almost a year between 1632 and 1633, when the Muscovite army besieged the Polish–Lithuanian city of Smolensk during the war named after that siege. Russian forces of over 25,000 under Mikhail Borisovich Shein began the siege of Smolensk on 28 October. The Polish garrison under Samuel Drucki-Sokoliński numbered about 3,000. The fortress held out for nearly a year, and in 1633 the newly-elected Polish king Władysław IV organised a relief force. In a series of fierce engagements, Commonwealth forces gradually overran the Russian field fortifications, and by 4 October the siege had broken. Shein had become besieged in his camp, and began surrender negotiations in January 1634, capitulating around 1 March.
Krasny Voskhod, Voronezh Oblast
Krasny Voskhod (Russian: Кра́сный Восхо́д) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Beryozovskoye Rural Settlement, Podgorensky District, Voronezh Oblast, Russia. The population was 783 as of 2010. There are 7 streets.

Podgorensky District
Podgorensky District  (Russian: Подго́ренский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-two in Voronezh Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southwestern central part of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,579 square kilometers (610 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (an urban-type settlement) of Podgorensky. Population: 23,123 (2021 Census); 27,340 (2010 Census); 29,563 (2002 Census); 31,827 (1989 Soviet census). The population of the administrative center accounts for 24.8% of the district's total population.
Victorian Railways J class (1954)
The Victorian Railways J class is a branch line steam locomotive operated by the Victorian Railways (VR) between 1954 and 1972. A development of the successful Victorian Railways K class 2-8-0, it was the last new class of steam locomotive introduced on the VR. Introduced almost concurrently with the diesel-electric locomotives that ultimately superseded them, the locomotives were only in service for a relatively short time.

Yarra Valley Railway
The Yarra Valley Railway is a heritage railway operating on a section of the former Healesville railway which operated between Lilydale and Healesville in the Yarra Valley area northeast of Melbourne, Australia.
Cascada de Ventisquero Colgante
Cascada de Ventisquero Colgante, also known as Hanging Glacier Falls, is a veiling plunge waterfall in Queulat National Park, in Chile's Aysén region, 10 miles south of the town of Puyuhuapi. The waterfall consists of a single vertical (i.e.: 90 degree) drop that the meltwaters of the Ventisquero Colgante glacier fall down before sliding along an angled layer of bedrock, flowing into the Témpanos river and eventually the Puyuhuapi Channel and Pacific Ocean. The waterfall is at an elevation of 2,850 feet ASL and is a part of the Rio Queulat watershed. The average width of the falls is 100 ft, and its horizontal run is 50 ft. The waterfall's height is conservatively estimated to be 1,800 feet, but due to the lack of reliable measurements, may be as much as 2,000 feet—however, even using the conservative measurement, it is among the five tallest waterfalls in South America.

Puyuhuapi
Puyuhuapi (Puyuguapi) is a village in southern Chile in the Aysén Region. It is located on Route 7, the Carretera Austral, where the Rio Pascal enters the head of the Puyuhuapi fjord, a small fjord off the Ventisquero Sound. Its harbor on the fjord is called Puerto Puyuhuapi. Puyuhuapi is administratively in the Chilean commune of Cisnes. In the 2002 census it had a population of 535, but by 2007 it had grown to 826. Just southwest of the village are the Puyuhuapi hot springs. The government invited German settlement in the village, which was founded by Sudeten German settlers from Hranice (former German name Rossbach) in present-day Czech Republic and Mapuches from Chiloé Archipelago. German settlers gave temporary work to the Mapuches in the area, and then they settled with their families, which gave rise to a mestizo population.

It is served by Puyuhuapi Airport.

Among the local handicrafts are hand-made jerseys.
Jordin Sparks (EP)
Jordin Sparks is an EP by American Idol season 6 winner Jordin Sparks. Sparks performed a song for the show each week of the season, and each song appeared on the show's website the day after the performance for sale as a studio version. The EP is a compilation of the four most downloaded of Sparks' songs, all of which are covers of other artists, plus "This Is My Now", an original single written by Jeff Peabody and Scott Krippayne, which she sang in the finale to win. It is considered a promo EP for her debut full-length album.

American Idol season 6
The sixth season of American Idol premiered on the Fox Broadcasting Company as a two-night, four-hour premiere special on January 16 and 17, and ran until May 23, 2007. Simon Cowell, Paula Abdul, and Randy Jackson returned as judges, and Ryan Seacrest returned as host.  A record of 74 million votes were cast in the finale round, and a record 609 million votes were cast in the entire season. Jordin Sparks won the competition, while Blake Lewis was the runner-up. This is the first season not to be syndicated under the Rewind package.
WHO Pandemic Agreement sovereignty takeover conspiracy
The WHO Pandemic Agreement sovereignty takeover conspiracy is a conspiracy theory claiming that the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Pandemic Agreement would let the WHO seize control of national public-health policy, impose lockdowns and vaccine mandates, deploy “WHO troops”, introduce digital IDs, censor speech, or otherwise override state sovereignty. The claims have been repeatedly debunked by fact-checking organisations and contradicted by the agreement’s text, which states that nothing in the instrument authorises the WHO Secretariat or Director-General to direct or mandate national laws or policies (including lockdowns or vaccination mandates).

Fact-checking
Fact-checking is the process of verifying the factual accuracy of questioned reporting and statements. Fact-checking can be conducted before or after the text or content is published or otherwise disseminated. Internal fact-checking is such checking done in-house by the publisher to prevent inaccurate content from being published; when the text is analyzed by a third party, the process is called external fact-checking.

Research suggests that fact-checking can indeed correct perceptions among citizens, as well as discourage politicians from spreading false or misleading claims. However, corrections may decay over time or be overwhelmed by cues from elites who promote less accurate claims. Political fact-checking is sometimes criticized as being opinion journalism.
A Tribute to Amália
A Tribute To Amália Rodrigues (also known as Nova Sintra) is a compilation album in tribute to Amália Rodrigues.  It was recorded in Lisbon in 2004 by the Dutch-based label World Connection and released on CD.  The compilation features various singers, mainly of Latin origin, who sing versions of the fadista in different styles.

Amália Rodrigues
Amália da Piedade Rodrigues GCSE GCIH (23 July 1920 – 6 October 1999) was a Portuguese fado singer (fadista).

Dubbed Rainha do Fado ("Queen of Fado"), she was instrumental in popularising fado worldwide and travelled internationally throughout her career. Rodrigues remains the best-selling Portuguese artist in the history of recorded music.
126th Battalion (Peel), CEF
The 126th Battalion (Peel), CEF was a unit in the Canadian Expeditionary Force during the First World War.  Based in Toronto, Ontario, the unit began recruiting in late 1915 in Peel County.  After sailing to England in August 1916, the battalion was absorbed into the 109th and 116th Battalions, CEF, and the 8th Reserve Battalion on October 13, 1916.  The 126th Battalion (Peel), CEF, had one Officer Commanding: Lieut-Col. F. J. Hamilton.

The 126 Battalion (Peel), CEF is perpetuated by The Lorne Scots (Peel, Dufferin and Halton Regiment).

Peel County, Ontario
Peel County is a historic county in the Canadian province of Ontario. Named for Sir Robert Peel, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, the county was organized in 1851. Settlers, however, were in Toronto Township as early as 1807. The Credit River was reserved for the Mississaugas; however, they sold their land and moved to the Bruce Peninsula.
Idaho's 22nd legislative district
Idaho's 22nd legislative district is one of 35 districts of the Idaho Legislature. It is currently represented by Lori Den Hartog, Republican  of Meridian, John Vander Woude, Republican of  Meridian, and Jason Monks, Republican of Meridian.

John Vander Woude
John Vander Woude is an American politician serving as a member of the Idaho House of Representatives from the 22A district. He has also served as House majority caucus leader since 2013. He previously represented the 21A district in the House from 2006 to 2008.
Starokatayevo
Starokatayevo (Russian: Старокатаево; Bashkir: Иҫке Ҡатай, İśke Qatay) is a rural locality (a selo) in Novokatayevsky Selsoviet, Bakalinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 543 as of 2010. There are 12 streets.

Bakalinsky District
Bakalinsky District (Russian: Бакали́нский райо́н; Bashkir: Баҡалы районы, Baqalı rayonı; Tatar: Бакалы районы, Baqalı rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the west of the republic and borders with Ilishevsky District in the northeast, Chekmagushevsky District in the east, Sharansky District in the south, and with the Republic of Tatarstan in the west and northwest. The area of the district is 1,951 square kilometers (753 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Bakaly.  As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 28,776, with the population of Bakaly accounting for 33.3% of that number.
Zabit Magomedsharipov
Zabit Akhmedovich Magomedsharipov (Russian: Забит Ахмедович Магомедшарипов; born March 1, 1991) is a Russian former professional mixed martial artist. He competed in the Featherweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) and Absolute Championship Berkut (ACB), where he was the ACB Featherweight Champion.

2018 in UFC
The year 2018 was the 26th year in the history of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), a mixed martial arts promotion based in the United States and founded in November 1993. This year, the UFC celebrated its 25th anniversary, and an anniversary event was held on November 10, 2018 in Denver, Colorado, the city where the historical UFC 1 was held.
Kington (surname)
Kington is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

L. Brent Kington, American artist and metalsmith

Miles Kington, British journalist and musician

Philip Kington (1832–1892), English businessman, landowner and cricketer

Raynard S. Kington, deputy director of the U.S. National Institutes of Health, and will become the president of Grinnell College

Thomas Kington (1794–1874), English clergyman

William Kington (1838–1898), British soldier and cricketer

Raynard S. Kington
Raynard Stuart Kington is an American academic administrator. He has been the 16th head of school of Phillips Academy Andover since 2020. He previously was the 13th president of Grinnell College in Iowa from August 2010 to June 2020 and the principal deputy director of the National Institutes of Health from February 2003 to October 2010.
Songzhou
Songzhou or Song Prefecture (宋州) was a zhou (prefecture) in imperial China centering on modern Shangqiu, Henan, China. It existed (intermittently) from 596 to 1006. Songzhou was established in 596, during the Sui dynasty, with its administrative seat at Suiyang County (modern Shangqiu, Henan). This region got its name because of the Song state which existed in the Zhou dynasty, from 11th century to 3rd century AD. Historically, the founder of Liu Song dynasty, Emperor Wu of Song adopted this as the name of his country.

During the Tang dynasty, Suiyang County was renamed Songcheng County (宋城縣). After the Tang collapsed, Emperor Taizu of Song used be a military leader stationed in Songzhou, thus his dynasty also adopted this name, which was later known as the Song dynasty.

In 1006 Songzhou was elevated to Nanjing Yingtian Prefecture (南京應天府) and as one of four capitals of Northern song dynasty.

Zhou (administrative division)
Zhou (Chinese: 州; pinyin: zhōu; lit. 'land') were historical administrative and political divisions of China. Formally established during the Han dynasty, zhou existed continuously for over 2000 years until the 1912 establishment of the Republic of China. Zhou were also once used in Korea (주, ju), Vietnam (Vietnamese: châu) and Japan (Hepburn: shū).
Ousainou Darboe
Ousainou Darboe (born 8 August 1948) is a Gambian politician and leader of the main opposition United Democratic Party (UDP). He previously served as Vice-President of the Gambia and Minister of Women's Affairs from June 2018 to March 2019, under President Adama Barrow. He also served as President Barrow's Minister of Foreign Affairs from February 2017 to June 2018.

Darboe is a human rights lawyer, and worked for the Attorney General's Chambers before entering private practice. He has served as advisor to several companies and government agencies, and was also for a time the vice president of the Gambia Bar Association. He founded the United Democratic Party (UDP) in 1996 and stood in presidential elections the same year, and has been a presidential candidate in 2001, 2006, and 2021. He was imprisoned in 2016, but released after Barrow's victory.

Darboe is running in the 2026 Gambian presidential election.

2001 Gambian presidential election
Presidential elections were held in the Gambia on 18 October 2001. The result was a victory for the incumbent Yahya Jammeh, who received just over 50% of the vote.

The elections were marred by irregularities and repression of the opposition; Pre-election violence resulted in the death of an unarmed opposition supporter who was shot by a police officer, and several injuries. The government also expelled a British diplomat who had attended an opposition rally.