hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Halcyon (console)
The Halcyon is a home video game console produced by RDI Video Systems. The system was planned to be released in January 1985, with the initial retail price for the system being US$2,500 (equivalent to $7,309 in 2024). Fewer than a dozen units are known to exist and it never reached most retailers because of a lack of affordable disc players. The design featured a LaserDisc player and an attached computer, each the size of an early-model VCR. Of the six games planned, only two games were released: Thayer's Quest and NFL Football LA Raiders vs SD Chargers. RDI Video Systems claimed that the system would be entirely voice-activated, and would have an artificial intelligence akin to HAL 9000 from 2001: A Space Odyssey.

Videocassette recorder
A videocassette recorder (VCR) or video recorder is an electromechanical device that records analog audio and analog video from broadcast television or other AV sources and can play back the recording after rewinding. The use of a VCR to record a television program to play back at a more convenient time is commonly referred to as time shifting. VCRs can also play back prerecorded tapes, which were widely available for purchase and rental starting in the 80s and 90s, most popularly in the VHS videocassette format. Blank tapes were sold to make recordings.

VCRs declined in popularity during the 2000s and in 2016, Funai Electric, the last remaining manufacturer, ceased production.
Grade II* listed buildings in East Northamptonshire
There are over 20,000 Grade II* listed buildings in England. This page is a list of these buildings in the former district of East Northamptonshire in Northamptonshire, now part of the unitary authority area of North Northamptonshire.

North Northamptonshire
North Northamptonshire is a unitary authority area in the ceremonial county of Northamptonshire, England, and was created in 2021. The council is based in Corby, the district's largest town. Other notable towns are Kettering, Wellingborough, Rushden, Raunds, Desborough, Rothwell, Irthlingborough, Thrapston and Oundle.

North Northamptonshire borders the City of Peterborough, Rutland, Milton Keynes, Huntingdonshire, Bedford, Harborough, West Northamptonshire and South Kesteven districts.

It has a string of lakes along the Nene Valley Conservation Park, associated heritage railway, the village of Fotheringhay which has tombs of the House of York as well as a towering church supported by flying buttresses. This division has a well-preserved medieval castle in private hands next to Corby – Rockingham Castle – and about 20 other notable country houses, many of which have visitor gardens or days.
Love Is Gone (album)
Love is Gone is the second studio album by American rock band, Dommin, released on February 2, 2010 in the United States and February 15, 2010 in the United Kingdom. Although it is their debut album under the Roadrunner Records label, Mend Your Misery, released four years prior, is their debut studio album overall. Six of the twelve tracks from Mend Your Misery were re-released on Love is Gone; all of them, including their song "My Heart, Your Hands", being re-recorded or remixed for this album.

Roadrunner Records
Roadrunner Records is a Dutch-American record label focused on heavy metal and hard rock music. Founded in the Netherlands in 1980, it is now a division of Warner Music Group and is based in New York City. Formerly seen as one of the most powerful independent metal labels of the 1980s and 1990s, it would eventually become a massive host of metal acts, most seen in Roadrunner United and the following live concert. Since then, the label continued to put out major releases. However, by the 2020s, most major acts had left the label; it was also acquired by Warner, being relegated to something much smaller than before.
Chengzi Township
Chengzi Township (Chinese: 城子乡; pinyin: Chéngzi Xiāng) is a rural township located in Songshan District, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia, China. According to the 2010 census, Chengzi Township had a population of 23,814, including 12,365 males and 11,449 females. The population was distributed as follows: 3,727 people aged under 14, 18,010 people aged between 15 and 64, and 2,077 people aged over 65.

Chifeng
Chifeng, also known as Ulankhad in Mongolian, is a prefecture-level city in Southeastern Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China. It borders Xilin Gol League to the north and west, Tongliao to the northeast, Chaoyang (Liaoning) to the southeast and Chengde (Hebei) to the south. The city has a total administrative area of 90,275 km2 (34,855 sq mi) and as of the 2020 census, had a population of 4,035,967 inhabitants (4,341,245 in 2010). However, 1,175,391 of those residents lived in the built-up (or metro) area made of the 2 urban districts of Hongshan and Songshan, as Yuanbaoshan is not conurbated yet. However, a large part of Songshan district is still rural and Yuanbaoshan district a de facto separate town 27 kilometers away from the core district of Chifeng. The city was the administrative center of the previous Ju Ud League.
Minister of Foreign Affairs (Mali)
Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Mali is a government minister in charge of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Mali, responsible for conducting foreign relations of the country.

The following is a list of foreign ministers of Mali since its founding in 1960:

Ministry of foreign affairs
In many countries, the ministry of foreign affairs (abbreviated as MFA or MOFA) is the highest government department exclusively or primarily responsible for the state's foreign policy and relations, diplomacy, bilateral, and multilateral relations affairs as well as for providing support, including consular services, for a country's citizens who are abroad. The entity is usually headed by a foreign minister or minister of foreign affairs (the title may vary, such as a secretary of state who has the same functions). The foreign minister typically reports to the head of government (such as prime minister or president).
Timoney
Timoney is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bill Timoney (born 1958), American actor, voice actor, director, script writer and producer

John Timoney (police chief) (1948−2016), Chief of Police of Miami from 2006

John Timoney (politician) (1909–1961), Irish Clann na Poblachta politician

Nathan Timoney (born 2000), Irish rower

Pádraig Timoney (born 1968), Irish artist

Pádraig Timoney
Pádraig Timoney (born 1968 in Derry, Northern Ireland) is an artist who has become noted for the extreme diversity of his work so that his solo exhibitions sometimes appear to be group exhibitions by different artists. A past-pupil of St Columb's College, Derry, Timoney graduated from Goldsmiths College, University of London, in 1991 and in 1999 was one of the curators for the Liverpool Biennial. Timoney works principally using photography, painting and installation.
2007 BA-CA-TennisTrophy – Doubles
Petr Pála and Pavel Vízner were the defending champions, but Vizner chose not to participate, and only Pala competed that year.
Pala partnered with David Škoch, but lost in the first round to Juan Ignacio Chela and Fernando González.

Mariusz Fyrstenberg and Marcin Matkowski won in the final 6–4, 6–2, against Tomas Behrend and Christopher Kas.

Tomas Behrend
Tomas Ugo Behrend (born 12 December 1974) is a German former professional tennis player. His career high ATP singles ranking was World No. 74, which he attained in October 2005. His career high in doubles was World No. 43 in October 2007.

Behrend retired in 2007 and said he regrets never having the opportunity to have played Andre Agassi before he retired. Behrend has opened up a tennis academy in his hometown of Alsdorf called ToBe.
Donna Henderson
Donna Henderson is an American politician. She has served as a member of the North Dakota House of Representatives since 2022. She originally represented district 9B but was redistricted to the 15th district in 2024. She is a member of the Republican Party.

North Dakota Republican Party
The North Dakota Republican Party is the North Dakota affiliate of the United States Republican Party.

Its platform is conservative. It is currently the dominant party in the state, controlling North Dakota's at-large U.S. House seat, both U.S. Senate seats and the governorship, and it has supermajorities in both houses of the state legislature.
2012 in tennis
This page covers all the important events in the sport of tennis in 2012. Primarily, it provides the results of notable tournaments throughout the year on both the ATP and WTA Tours, the Davis Cup, and the Fed Cup.

2003 Australian Open – Men's singles
Andre Agassi defeated Rainer Schüttler in the final, 6–2, 6–2, 6–1 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 2003 Australian Open. It was his fourth Australian Open title and his eighth and last major title overall. With the win, Agassi claimed his 21st consecutive match win at the Australian Open, after winning the title in 2000 and 2001 (he did not play in 2002 due to injury). At 32 years, 274 days old, Agassi was the oldest men’s grand slam champion since Ken Rosewall in 1972, also at the Australian Open.

Thomas Johansson was the reigning champion, but did not participate due to injury.

Tim Henman and Greg Rusedski's withdrawals from the tournament marked the first time there were no British players competing in the Australian Open in the Open Era.

This event marked the first main-draw major appearance for future world No. 3 David Ferrer, who lost to Lee Hyung-taik in the first round; it was also the final major appearance for former world No. 4 Richard Krajicek.
Heteroglycan alpha-mannosyltransferase
In enzymology, a heteroglycan alpha-mannosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.48) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

GDP-mannose + heteroglycan  GDP + 2(or 3)-alpha-D-mannosyl-heteroglycan

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are GDP-mannose and heteroglycan, whereas its 3 products are GDP, 2-alpha-D-mannosyl-heteroglycan, and 3-alpha-D-mannosyl-heteroglycan.

This enzyme belongs to the family of glycosyltransferases, to be specific the hexosyltransferases.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is GDP-mannose:heteroglycan 2-(or 3-)-alpha-D-mannosyltransferase. Other names in common use include GDP mannose alpha-mannosyltransferase, and guanosine diphosphomannose-heteroglycan alpha-mannosyltransferase.

Guanosine diphosphate mannose
Guanosine diphosphate mannose or GDP-mannose is a nucleotide sugar that is a substrate for glycosyltransferase reactions in metabolism. This compound is a substrate for enzymes called mannosyltransferases.

Known as donor of activated mannose in all glycolytic reactions, GDP-mannose is essential in eukaryotes.
Keith Fair
Keith Fair (born January 8, 1968) is a Canadian-born Swiss former professional ice hockey left winger.

Born in Castlegar, British Columbia, Fair played his entire professional career in Switzerland, playing in the National League A for HC Ambrì-Piotta and HC Lugano and in the National League B for EHC Chur.

Fair has participated as a member of the Swiss national team at the 1992 Winter Olympics and the 1992 IIHF World Championships.

Swiss League
The Swiss League, also known as the  Sky Swiss League for sponsorship reasons, is the second tier of the main professional ice hockey league in Switzerland, behind the National League. The winners of the league each season plays a best-of-seven series against the bottom team of the NL, and if they win, they are promoted, while the National League team is relegated to the Swiss League.

In 2024, the Swiss League changed its name to Sky Swiss League as a partnership with broadcaster Sky Switzerland. 
Prior to the 2017–18 season, the league was formerly called National League B. The league attendance in 2018–19 was about 2,700 spectators.
2014 Shanghai Rolex Masters – Singles
Roger Federer defeated Gilles Simon in the final, 7–6(8–6), 7–6(7–2) to win the singles tennis title at the 2014 Shanghai Masters. Federer saved five match points en route to his first Shanghai Masters title, against Leonardo Mayer in the second round.

Novak Djokovic was the two-time defending champion, but lost to Federer in the semifinals.

Malek Jaziri
Malek Jaziri (Arabic: مالك الجزيري, romanized: Mālik al-Jazīrī; born January 20, 1984) is a Tunisian former professional tennis player. Jaziri reached his highest singles ranking on the ATP Tour of World No. 42 in January 2019. He primarily played on the Futures and Challenger Tour.

Jaziri has been a member of the Tunisia Davis Cup team since 2000, posting an 33–15 record in singles and a 10–14 record in doubles in 41 ties.

He reached the final of the 2018 Istanbul Open, the semifinals in Moscow in 2012, Winston-Salem in 2015, Dubai in 2018 and the quarterfinals in Dubai in 2014.
Dowden
Dowden (/ˈdaʊdən/) is an English family name. It is a patronymic from an Old English personal name, Dogod (probably a derivative of dugan ‘to avail’, ‘to be of use’), chiefly found in Gloucestershire and Somerset. Notable people with the surname include:

Abraham Dowden (1839–1907), American politician

Bradley Dowden (born 1942), American philosopher

Corey Dowden (born 1968), American football player in the National Football League

Edward Dowden (1843–1913), Irish critic and poet

Hester Dowden (1868–1949), Irish spiritual medium

John Dowden (1840–1910), Irish bishop

Ken Dowden (born 1950), English scholar

Oliver Dowden (born 1978),  British Conservative Party politician, MP for Hertsmere since May 2015

Richard Dowden (born 1949), English journalist

Richard Dowden (1932-2016), New Zealand scientist

Steve Dowden (1929–2001), American football player in the National Football League

Abraham Dowden
Abraham Rinkle Dowden (/ˈdaʊdən/; February 14, 1839 – September 18, 1907) was a minor Democratic political figure in Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana, in the late-19th and early-20th centuries. He was Postmaster of the Fourth Class Post Office in Kisatchie, Louisiana, from 1887 to 1891.3  He was known by "A.R." for most of his life.
Le Barc de Boutteville
The art gallery of Le Barc de Boutteville, at 47 Rue Le Peletier, 9th arrondissement, was one of the few places in Paris in the 1890s where young artists were welcome to present their work to the public, in the years after the death of Theo van Gogh and before Ambroise Vollard opened his gallery.

The proprietor, Louis Le Barc, died prematurely, in 1897.

Theo van Gogh (art dealer)
Theodorus "Theo" van Gogh (Dutch: [teːjoːˈdoːrʏs ˈteːjoː vɑŋ ˈɣɔx]; 1 May 1857 – 25 January 1891) was a Dutch art dealer and a younger brother of Vincent van Gogh. His support of his older brother's artistic ambitions and well-being allowed Vincent to devote himself entirely to painting. As an art dealer, Van Gogh played a crucial role in introducing contemporary French art to the public.

Van Gogh died at the age of 33, six months after his brother's death at age 37. Van Gogh owned almost all of his brother's artwork. His widow, Johanna van Gogh-Bonger, worked to promote the work of Vincent and keep the memory of her husband alive. In 1914, Van Gogh's remains were buried next to those of his brother Vincent.
Te Moana O Raukawa Māori
Te Moana O Raukawa Māori (Cook Strait Māori) and Te Ūpoko o te Ika a Māui Māori (lower North Island Māori) are a Māori iwi from Manawatu, Horowhenua, Kāpiti Coast and Wellington. They include the iwi (tribes) of Rangitāne, Muaūpoko, Ngāti Raukawa, Ngāti Toa, Te Atiawa ki Whakarongotai, Te Āti Awa and Taranaki Whānui ki te Upoko o te Ika.

Rangitāne, Ngāti Toa, and Taranaki (including Te Āti Awa) also have tribal lands in the South Island.

Rangitāne
Rangitāne is a Māori iwi (tribe). Their rohe (territory) is in the Manawatū, Horowhenua, Wairarapa and Marlborough areas of New Zealand.

The iwi was formed as one of two divisions (aside from Muaūpoko) of the expedition team led by Whātonga, a chief from the Māhia Peninsula and father of Tara-Ika a Nohu of Te Whanganui-a-Tara fame.
Inverse filter
Signal processing is an electrical engineering subfield that focuses on analysing, modifying, and synthesizing signals such as sound, images, and scientific measurements. For example, with a filter g, an inverse filter h is one such that the sequence of applying g then h to a signal results in the original signal. Software or electronic inverse filters are often used to compensate for the effect of unwanted environmental filtering of signals.

Digital image processing
Digital image processing is the use of a digital computer to process digital images through an algorithm. As a subcategory or field of digital signal processing, digital image processing has many advantages over analog image processing. It allows a much wider range of algorithms to be applied to the input data and can avoid problems such as the build-up of noise and distortion during processing. Since images are defined over two dimensions (perhaps more), digital image processing may be modeled in the form of multidimensional systems. The generation and development of digital image processing are mainly affected by three factors: first, the development of computers; second, the development of mathematics (especially the creation and improvement of discrete mathematics theory); and third, the demand for a wide range of applications in environment, agriculture, military, industry and medical science has increased.
Alpha Reticuli
Alpha Reticuli, Latinized from α Reticuli, also named Rhombus, is the brightest star in the southern circumpolar constellation of Reticulum, with an apparent visual magnitude of 3.3. This appears to be a solitary star located at a distance of 160 light-years from Earth. Although it is bright enough to be seen with the naked eye, the declination of this star means that it is best viewed from the southern hemisphere and is only readily visible south of the Tropic of Cancer.

Giant star
A giant star has a substantially larger radius and luminosity than a main-sequence (or dwarf) star of the same surface temperature. They lie above the main sequence (luminosity class V in the Yerkes spectral classification) on the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram and correspond to luminosity classes II and III. The terms giant and dwarf were coined for stars of quite different luminosity despite similar temperature or spectral type (namely K and M) by Ejnar Hertzsprung in 1905 or 1906.

Giant stars have radii up to a few hundred times the Sun and luminosities over 10  times that of the Sun. Stars still more luminous than giants are referred to as supergiants and hypergiants.

A hot, luminous main-sequence star may also be referred to as a giant, but any main-sequence star is properly called a dwarf, regardless of how large and luminous it is.
Lawson v. FMR, LLC
Lawson v. FMR, LLC, 571 U.S. 429 (2014), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the court held that the Sarbanes–Oxley Act grants whistleblower protection to employees of public companies and also to employees of a public company's private contractors and subcontractors.

Subcontractor
A subcontractor is a person or business which undertakes to perform part or all of the obligations of another's contract, and a subcontract is a contract which assigns part of an existing contract to a subcontractor.

A general contractor, prime contractor or main contractor may hire subcontractors to perform specific tasks as part of an overall project to reduce costs or to mitigate project risks. In employing subcontractors, the general contractor hopes to receive the same or better service than the general contractor could have provided by itself, at lower overall risk.

The European Union has recognised the need to make provision for sub-contracting in its rules on public procurement, as arrangements for sub-contracting can support the EU's drive to involve more small and medium-sized undertakings in the provision of goods and services for the public sector.
The Egg (de Camp short story)
"The Egg" is a science fiction short story by L. Sprague de Camp. It was first published in the magazine Satellite Science Fiction for October, 1956. It first appeared in book form in the collection A Gun for Dinosaur and Other Imaginative Tales (Doubleday, 1963).  The story has been translated into German.

L. Sprague de Camp
Lyon Sprague de Camp (/ˌspreɪɡdəˈkæmp/; November 27, 1907 – November 6, 2000) was an American author of science fiction, fantasy and non-fiction literature. In a career spanning 60 years, he wrote over 100 books,  including biographies of other fantasy authors. He was a major figure in science fiction in the 1930s and 1940s.
Karagandy-Arena
Karagandy-Arena (Kazakh: Қарағанды-Арена) is an ice hockey indoor arena in Karaganda, Kazakhstan. It opened in 2011 and holds approximately 5,500 people. It is primarily used for ice hockey and is the home arena of Saryarka Karagandy hockey club. It is also used for concerts, exhibitions and as a skating rink.

The first game in Karagandy Arena took place in 2012, with Barys Astana-2. Since then, it has been host to a number of events.

Nomad Astana
Nomad Hockey Club (Kazakh: Номад хоккей клубы; Nomad Hokei Kluby; Russian: Хоккейный клуб Номад), commonly referred to as Nomad Astana, is a farm team of the Barys Astana of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). Founded in 2007 as Barys Astana–2, the team changed its name to Nomad Astana in 2013. Formerly a member of the Supreme Hockey League, Nomad currently play in the Kazakhstan Hockey Championship.
A. Le Coq
A. Le Coq (Estonian pronunciation: [ˈɑ.le ˈkokˑ]) is an Estonian brewery. The company was founded in 1807 by a Prussian family of the same name, who were descendants of the Huguenots who had fled France in the 17th century. The company was bought in 1997 and is currently owned by the Finnish company Olvi. It produces many types of drinks including beers, long drinks, ciders and soft drinks. The best known beer is the A. Le Coq Premium, which is the most popular beer in Estonia, according to the latest AC Nielsen results in October 2008. A. Le Coq Arena in Tallinn was named after the beer.

A. Le Coq's key brands are A. Le Coq (beer), Fizz (cider), Aura (juice), Dynami:t (energy drink), Arctic (sport drinks) and Limonaad (softdrink).

Its motto is Asi on maitses, meaning 'it's about the taste'. A song with this name by the rock band Smilers was also specifically written for and is used in commercials.

Smilers
Smilers is an Estonian rock band formed in 1991 by Hendrik Sal-Saller. The name reportedly originated from a Rod Stewart album, Smiler. The band was first named Lezer Brozers. In the early years Smilers produced two albums in Finland, but as these were not successful, they returned to Estonia and gained fame soon after. Smilers won the Artist of the Year award in the 2004 Estonian Music Awards. Smilers were also awarded a Golden Disc for Song of the Year in 2004 for "Ainult unustamiseks".
Gangani, Baltistan
Gangani (Urdu: گنگنی, romanized: ganganī) is remote, border village in the Kargil sector of Gilgit-Baltistan in northern Pakistan. It is considered the last village in the Kharmang District, with the LOC succeeding it. It lies upon the Shingo River, a tributary of the Indus River, in the lower Kharmang Valley. The settlement’s position places it along the historical route that once linked Srinagar and Skardu.

Northern Pakistan
Northern Pakistan (Urdu: شمالی پاکستان ALA-LC: śimālī Pākistān) is a tourism region in the northern and north-western parts of Pakistan, comprising the administrative units of Gilgit-Baltistan (formerly known as Northern Areas), Azad Kashmir, Malakand and Hazara Division in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Islamabad Capital Territory and the Murree District in Punjab. The first two territories are Pakistani-administered sectors of the wider Kashmir region. Northern Pakistan is a mountainous region straddling the Himalayas, Karakoram and the Hindu Kush mountain ranges, containing  many of the highest peaks in the world and some of the longest glaciers outside polar regions. Northern Pakistan accounts for a high level of Pakistan's tourism industry.