hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John M. MacDougal
John Mochrie MacDougal (born 1954) is an American botanist, noted for his work on the taxonomy of passion flowers, having discovered several new species.

He earned his Bachelor of Science in 1975 at College of Charleston. In 1984 he earned his doctorate at Duke University.

Between 1984 and 1986 he was visiting assistant professor of biology at the North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University. Between 1987 and 1989 he was postdoctoral researcher at the Flora Mesoamerica project at the Missouri Botanical Garden in St. Louis, Missouri. Between 1990 and 2002 he was conservatory manager at the Missouri Botanical Garden.

MacDougal has written more than fifty peer reviewed articles and book chapters. Currently, he is an assistant professor of biology at Harris–Stowe State University.

James Mallet and Sandra Knapp have named Passiflora macdougaliana after him.

James Mallet
James Mallet (born 15 March 1955 in London) is an evolutionary zoologist specialising in entomology.

He was educated at Winchester College. 
He became  professor of biological diversity at the Department of Biology, University College London. He was co-director of the Centre for Ecology and Evolution, a centre of excellence in research and teaching formed by University College London, the Institute of Zoology (Zoological Society of London), Natural History Museum, Imperial College, Queen Mary, Royal Holloway and Kew Gardens. In 2013 he was distinguished lecturer on Organismic and Evolutionary Biology at Harvard University. His research has included work on the species concept central to evolutionary biology, along with hybridization and the process of speciation.

He was awarded the Darwin-Wallace Medal by the Linnean Society of London in 2008.

His wife, Hopi Hoekstra, an evolutionary biologist, became dean of Harvard Faculty of Arts and Sciences in August 2023.
Omar B. Bunnell
Omar B. Bunnell (February 19, 1912 – October 21, 1992) was an American politician and businessman.

Bunnell was born in Castle Dale, Utah. He went to Carbon High School and the University of Utah. He was involved in the mobile house and banking business in Price, Utah and Moab, Utah. He served in the Utah Senate from 1967 to 1992 and was a Democrat. Bunnell died in Price, Utah.

Moab, Utah
Moab (/ˈmoʊ.æb/ ⓘ) is the largest city in and the county seat of Grand County in eastern Utah in the western United States, known for its dramatic scenery. The population was 5,366 at the 2020 census. Moab attracts many tourists annually, mostly visitors to the nearby Arches and Canyonlands National Parks. The town is a popular base for mountain bikers who ride the extensive network of trails including the Slickrock Trail, and for off-roaders who come for the annual Moab Jeep Safari.

Moab is home to one of the nine regional campuses of Utah State University.
Ferndale, British Columbia
Ferndale is a scattered community located northeast of Prince George in central British Columbia. The name, derived from the numerous ferns in the district (or possibly Ferndale, Washington), appeared in the later 1920s. Adopted by the new school in 1931, and included as a settlement in Wrigley’s BC Directory for that year, the first newspaper reference was the following year. In earlier times, the northern part was considered as Willow River, and the western part as Shelley. Although Ferndale once stretched as far south as Tabor Lake, the 1977 completion of the Blackburn Bypass of Highway 16 effectively created the southern boundary. Comprising about 40 residences, it has a good-sized community hall, and the Ferndale-Tabor volunteer fire hall lies between the two localities.

Fraser River
The Fraser River (/ˈfreɪzər/) is the longest river within British Columbia, Canada, rising at Fraser Pass near Blackrock Mountain in the Rocky Mountains and flowing for 1,375 kilometres (854 mi), into the Strait of Georgia just south of the City of Vancouver. The river's annual discharge at its mouth is 112 cubic kilometres (27 mi3) or 3,550 cubic metres per second (125,000 cu ft/s), and each year, it discharges about 20 million tons of sediment into the ocean.
Aray Bridge
Aray Bridge, also known as Inveraray Bridge, is a stone two-arch public road bridge on the Inveraray Castle estate near Inveraray in Argyll and Bute, Scotland, carrying the A83 road over the mouth of the River Aray where it flows into Loch Fyne.

Argyll and Bute
Argyll and Bute (Scots: Argyll an Buit; Scottish Gaelic: Earra-Ghàidheal agus Bòd, pronounced [ɛrˠəˈɣɛːəl̪ˠ akəs̪ ˈpɔːtʲ]) is one of 32 unitary council areas in Scotland and a lieutenancy area. The current lord-lieutenant for Argyll and Bute is Jane Margaret MacLeod (14 July 2020). The administrative centre for the council area is in Lochgilphead at Kilmory Castle, a 19th-century Gothic Revival building and estate. The current council leader is Councillor Jim Lynch.

Argyll and Bute covers the second-largest administrative area of any Scottish council. The council area adjoins those of Highland, Perth and Kinross, Stirling and West Dunbartonshire.
Maiko Battery
The Akashi Domain Maiko Battery (明石藩舞子台場跡, Akashi-han Maiko Daiba-ato) was a Bakumatsu period coastal artillery battery erected by Akashi Domain on the Seto Inland Sea coast of what is now Tarumi-ku, Kobe, Hyōgo Prefecture in the Kansai region of Japan. The ruins were designated a National Historic Site in 2007. It is also called the Maiko Hōdai-ato (舞子砲台跡) after its location on Kaji Bay.

Kansai region
The Kansai region (関西地方, Kansai Chihō; [kaꜜɰ̃.sai, kaɰ̃.sai tɕiꜜ.hoː] ⓘ) (also known as the Kinki region (近畿地方, Kinki Chihō; Japanese pronunciation: [kʲiꜜŋ.ki, kʲiŋ.ki̥ tɕiꜜ.hoː])) is a region of Japan that lies in the southern-central portion of Japan's main island, Honshū. The region consists of the prefectures of Hyōgo, Kyoto, Mie, Nara, Osaka, Shiga, and Wakayama.  Additionally, the prefectures of Fukui, Tokushima and Tottori are sometimes associated with Kansai.

Kansai is the second-most populated region of Japan (after Kantō), and contains the metropolitan region of Osaka, Kobe and Kyoto (Keihanshin region), which is the second-most populated metropolitan region in Japan (after the Greater Tokyo Area).
AD 19
AD 19 (XIX) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Silanus and Balbus (or, less frequently, year 772 Ab urbe condita). The denomination AD 19 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso (consul 7 BC)
Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso (c. 44/43 BC – AD 20) was a Roman statesman during the reigns of Augustus and Tiberius. He served as consul in 7 BC, after which he was appointed governor of Hispania and consul of Africa. Piso is best known for being accused of poisoning and killing Germanicus, the heir of emperor Tiberius.
Man a Machine
Man a Machine (French: L'homme machine) is a work of materialist philosophy by the 18th-century French physician and philosopher Julien Offray de La Mettrie, first published in 1747. In this work, de La Mettrie extends Descartes' argument that animals are mere automatons, or machines, to human beings. He denies dualism and the existence of the soul as a substance separate from matter.

Automaton
An automaton (/ɔːˈtɒmətən/ ⓘ; pl.: automata or automatons) is a relatively self-operating machine or control mechanism designed to automatically follow a sequence of operations or respond to predetermined instructions. Some automata, such as bellstrikers in mechanical clocks, are designed to give the illusion to the casual observer that they are operating under their own power or will, like a mechanical robot. The term has long been commonly associated with automated puppets that resemble moving humans or animals, built to impress and/or to entertain people.

Animatronics are a modern type of automata with electronics, often used for the portrayal of characters or creatures in films and in theme park attractions.
Jacques Louis Nyst
Jacques Louis Nyst (1942 – March 12, 1996) was a Belgian video artist and educator.

He was born in Liège and studied at the Academy of Fine Arts in Madrid and in Liège. He was a professor of drawing and video at the Academy of Fine Arts in Liège. Nyst worked in collaboration with his wife Danièle from 1983 to 1995.

Their work was exhibited at various international venues, including the Musée d'art moderne et d'art contemporain de Liège, the Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam, the Palais des Beaux-Arts, Brussels, the International Festival of Video in Tokyo,  the São Paulo Art Biennial, the Museum of Modern Art in New York City, the Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris, the Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston, the Musée d'art contemporain de Montréal, the Biennale de Paris and  the Locarno International Film Festival.

He died in Sprimont in 1996.

Musée d'art contemporain de Montréal
The Musée d'art contemporain de Montréal (French pronunciation: [myze daʁ kɔ̃tɑ̃pɔʁɛ̃ də mɔ̃ʁeal], MACM) is a contemporary art museum in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is located on the Place des festivals in the Quartier des spectacles and is part of the Place des Arts complex.

Founded in 1964, it is Canada's first museum devoted to contemporary art. Initially housed in the Place Ville-Marie, the museum moved into the premises of the Château Dufresne in 1965, followed by an exhibition gallery from Expo 67 in 1968. In 1992, the museum moved to its current premises at Place des Arts in Montreal.
German submarine U-265
German submarine U-265 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. The submarine was laid down on 3 July 1941 at the Bremer Vulkan yard at Bremen-Vegesack as yard number 30, launched on 23 April 1942 and commissioned on 6 June under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Leonhard Aufhammer. After training with the 8th U-boat Flotilla, U-265 was transferred to the 7th U-boat Flotilla, for front-line service from 1 February 1943.

U-265 sank no ships in her short career. Her only patrol began when she departed Kiel on 21 January 1943. Her route took her through the gap between Iceland and the Faroe into the Atlantic Ocean. She was attacked and sunk by a British Flying Fortress of No. 220 Squadron RAF on 3 February 1943, at position 56°35′N 22°49′W﻿ / ﻿56.583°N 22.817°W﻿ / 56.583; -22.817.

Forty-six men died; there were no survivors.

GIUK gap
The GIUK gap (sometimes written G-I-UK) is an area in the northern Atlantic Ocean that forms a naval choke point. Its name is an initialism for Greenland, Iceland, and the United Kingdom, the gap being the two stretches of open ocean among these three landmasses. It separates the Norwegian Sea and the North Sea from the open Atlantic Ocean. The term is typically used in relation to military topics. The area has been considered strategically important since the beginning of the 20th century.
Uclick
Uclick LLC was an American corporation (a division of Andrews McMeel Universal) selling "digital entertainment content" for the desktop, the web and mobile phones. Uclick operated several consumer websites, including the comic strip and editorial cartoon site GoComics and the puzzle and casual game sites ThePuzzleSociety.com and UclickGames.com.

Uclick content included comic strips, editorial cartoons, puzzles, casual games, manga, comic books, syndicated columns, photography and illustration. Uclick content was distributed online through consumer and news web portals such as Yahoo!, MSNBC.com, New York Times, washingtonpost.com, CNN, USA TODAY, and AOL. Comic strip and cartoon content from Uclick was available online and on mobile phones through the company's website, Uclick.com.

In July 2009, Uclick merged with Andrews McMeel's Universal Press Syndicate (UPS) to form Universal Uclick (now known as Andrews McMeel Syndication).

Columnist
A columnist is a person who writes for publication in a series, creating an article that usually offers commentary and opinions. Columns appear in newspapers, magazines and other publications, including blogs. They take the form of a short essay by a specific writer who offers a personal point of view. Columns are sometimes written by a composite or a team, appearing under a pseudonym, or (in effect) a brand name. Columnists typically write daily or weekly columns. Some columns are later collected and reprinted in book form.
Oregon City School District (Ohio)
Oregon Public Schools is a school district in Northwest Ohio. The school district serves students who live in the cities of Oregon, Curtice, and Jerusalem Twp. in Lucas County. The superintendent as of 2025/26 is Dr. Jim Fritz.

Northwest Ohio
Northwest Ohio, or Northwestern Ohio, consists of multiple counties in the northwestern corner of the US state of Ohio. This area borders Lake Erie, Southeast Michigan, and northeastern Indiana. Some areas are also considered the Black Swamp area. The Toledo metropolitan area is part of the region.

Northwest Ohio's population in 2000 was 1,639,144 and is declining, specifically in the northern regions (counties shaded in the darker blue and Allen County). However, southern areas, such as Marion and Morrow counties, and the city of Findlay are growing.
Fazakerley East (Liverpool ward)
Fazakerley East ward is an electoral district of Liverpool City Council within the Liverpool Walton constituency.

The ward was created for the elections held on 4 May 2023 following a 2022 review by the Local Government Boundary Commission for England, which decided that the previous 30 wards each represented by three Councillors should be replaced by 64 wards represented by 85 councillors with varying representation by one, two or three councillors per ward. The Fazakerley East ward was created as a single-member ward from the eastern half of the former Fazakerley ward.

The ward boundaries follow the Kirkby branch of the Northern Line, Longmoor Lane, Lower Lane, the East Lancashire Road, Knowsley Book, the River Alt, Bridgehouse Lane, Aintree Lane and Sherwood's Lane.

The population of the ward at the 2021 census was 5,916.

Local Government Boundary Commission for England
The Local Government Boundary Commission for England (LGBCE) is a parliamentary body established by statute to conduct boundary, electoral and structural reviews of local government areas in England. The LGBCE is independent of government and political parties, and is directly accountable to the Speaker's Committee of the House of Commons.
Korby Lenker
Korby Lenker is an American folk and Americana singer-songwriter, writer, and actor. He is known for his album Thousand Springs and his book of short stories, Medium Hero. The son of a mortician and a school teacher, Lenker was born in 1976 in Twin Falls, Idaho, and now resides in Nashville, Tennessee.

Twin Falls, Idaho
Twin Falls is the county seat of and the largest city in Twin Falls County, Idaho, United States. The population was 51,807 at the 2020 census, and was estimated at 55,589 in 2024. In the Magic Valley region, Twin Falls is the largest city in a 100-mile (160 km) radius, and is the regional commercial center for south-central Idaho and northeastern Nevada. It is the principal city of the Twin Falls metropolitan statistical area, which officially includes the entirety of Twin Falls and Jerome Counties. The border town resort community of Jackpot, Nevada, 50 mi (80 km) south at the state line, is unofficially considered part of the greater Twin Falls area.

Located on a broad plain at the south rim of the Snake River Canyon, Twin Falls is where daredevil Evel Knievel attempted to jump across the canyon in 1974 on a steam-powered rocket. The jump site is northeast of central Twin Falls, midway between Shoshone Falls and the Perrine Bridge.
Louis-Rodolphe Roy
Louis-Rodolphe Roy (7 February 1858 – 14 May 1925) was a Canadian lawyer, politician, and judge.

Born Saint-Vallier, Canada East, in the son of Nazaire Roy and Marie Letellier, Roy was educated at the Séminaire de Québec and received a Bachelor of Laws degree from the Université Laval in 1883. He was called to the Quebec Bar in 1883 and practiced law in Quebec City. He was created a King's Counsel in 1903 and received an honorary doctorate from the Université Laval in 1908.

He was first elected to the Legislative Assembly of Quebec for the electoral district of Kamouraska in 1897. A Liberal, he was re-elected in 1900, acclaimed in 1904, and re-elected in 1908. From 1905 to 1909, he was the Provincial Secretary and Registrar in the cabinet of Lomer Gouin. In 1909, he was appointed a judge of the Superior Court of the district of Rimouski. He retired in 1922.

He died in Quebec City in 1925 and was buried in the Notre-Dame-de-Belmont Cemetery in Sainte-Foy, Quebec.

1904 Quebec general election
The 1904 Quebec general election was held on November 25, 1904,  to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Quebec, Canada.  The incumbent Quebec Liberal Party, led by Simon-Napoléon Parent, was re-elected, defeating the Quebec Conservative Party, led by Edmund James Flynn.

It was Parent's final election.  Due to internal dissension within his party, he resigned in 1905, and was succeeded as Liberal leader and premier by Lomer Gouin.

The turnout was 29.97%.
Agathodes designalis
Agathodes designalis, the sky-pointing moth, is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Achille Guenée in 1854. It lives in Arizona, Texas, Florida, southern South America and the West Indies.

The length of the forewings is 13-18.5 mm. Adults are on wing from May to September in four generations in Florida.

The larvae feed on Erythrina (including Erythrina flabelliformis), Inga and Citharexylum species. The summer and fall generations feed on the leaves of their host plant, while larvae of the spring generation feed on the flowers.

Erythrina
Erythrina /ˌɛrɪˈθraɪnə/ is a genus of plants in the pea family, Fabaceae. It contains about 130 species, which are distributed in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. They are trees, with the larger species growing up to 30 m (98 ft) in height. These species are known for their large flowers with long and bright red or orange petals.
Obidoxime
Obidoxime is a member of the oxime family used to treat  organophosphate poisoning. Oximes are drugs known for their ability to reverse the binding of organophosphorus compounds to the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE).

AChE is an enzyme that removes acetylcholine from the synapse after it creates the required stimulation on the next nerve cell. If it gets inhibited, acetylcholine is not removed after the stimulation and multiple stimulations are made, resulting in muscle contractions and paralysis.

Organophosphates such as nerve gases are well-known inhibitors of AChE. They bind to a specific place on the enzyme and prevent it from functioning normally by changing the OH group on the serine residue and by protonating (quaternary nitrogen, R4N+) the nearby nitrogen atom located in the histidine residue.

Paralysis
Paralysis (pl.: paralyses; also known as plegia) is a loss of motor function in one or more muscles. Paralysis can also be accompanied by a loss of feeling (sensory loss) in the affected area if there is sensory damage. In the United States, roughly 1 in 50 people have been diagnosed with some form of permanent or transient paralysis. The word "paralysis" derives from the Greek παράλυσις, meaning "disabling of the nerves" from παρά (para) meaning "beside, by" and λύσις (lysis) meaning "making loose". A paralysis accompanied by involuntary tremors is usually called "palsy".
2021–22 Brisbane Heat WBBL season
The 2021–22 Brisbane Heat Women's season was the seventh in the team's history. Coached by Ashley Noffke and captained by Jess Jonassen, the Heat were scheduled to play four of 14 regular season WBBL|07 games at Great Barrier Reef Arena in Mackay—the only fixtures in their home state of Queensland for the tournament due to construction work taking place at regular primary ground Allan Border Field. They finished in third place on the ladder, resulting in their fourth consecutive finals series appearance. However, for the second year in a row, the Heat were eliminated by a lower-ranked opponent in their first match of the knockout stage—this time suffering a "crushing" eight-wicket defeat at the hands of the Adelaide Strikers.

Brisbane Heat (WBBL)
The Brisbane Heat are an Australian women's Twenty20 cricket team based in Albion, Queensland. The Heat compete in the Women's Big Bash League and have won two championships, winning back-to-back titles across WBBL|04 and WBBL|05.
2014 Gerry Weber Open – Doubles
Santiago González and Scott Lipsky were the defending champions, but lost to Andre Begemann and Julian Knowle in the first round.
Begemann and Knowle went on to win the title, defeating Marco Chiudinelli and Roger Federer in the final, 1–6, 7–5, [12–10].

Andre Begemann
Andre Begemann (born 12 July 1984) is a German inactive professional tennis player. He is a doubles specialist who reached his career-high ATP doubles ranking of world No. 36, achieved in May 2015. He has a career-high singles ranking of No. 166, achieved in July 2010. Begemann has won four ATP Tour doubles titles.
Timiș
The Timiș or Tamiš (Romanian: Timiș, Serbian: Тамиш / Tamiš, Hungarian: Temes, German: Temesch) is a 359-kilometre-long (223 mi) river that flows through the Banat region of Romania and Serbia and joins the Danube near Pančevo, in northern Serbia. Due to its position in the region, it has been labeled as the "spine of the Banat".

Banatski Despotovac
Banatski Despotovac (Serbian Cyrillic: Банатски Деспотовац; Hungarian: Ernőháza) is a village in Serbia. It is located in the municipal area of the City of Zrenjanin, in the Central Banat District, Vojvodina province. The village has a Serb ethnic majority (98.2%) and its population numbers 1,620 people (2002 census).
Embassy of Indonesia, Singapore
The Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia in Singapore (Indonesian: Kedutaan Besar Republik Indonesia di Singapura) is the diplomatic mission of the Republic of Indonesia to Singapore. The embassy is located at 7 Chatsworth Road and is currently headed by Ambassador Suryopratomo who was sworn in on 14 September 2020.

Suryopratomo
Suryopratomo, or popularly known as Tommy (born 12 May 1961) is an Indonesian diplomat and journalist. He became Indonesia's ambassador to Singapore since 2020, replacing his predecessor I Gede Ngurah Swajaya.

His name rose to fame through his work on various newspaper and television stations in Indonesia, among them are Kompas, Media Indonesia and Metro TV. Before assuming as editor-in-chief for Metro TV, Tommy worked as a journalist for Kompas and has been sent for news coverage to various regions throughout the country. He was then appointed as the chairman for Editor-in-Chiefs Forum (Forum Pemred) from 2015 until 2017.
Kapileshwar Temple, Janakpur
Kapileshwar Temple (Nepali :कपिलेश्वरनाथ महादेव मन्दिर) is a temple of Lord Shiva situated at Janakpur, Nepal. According to the legend, in Treta Yuga, King Janak had constructed Shiva temples at the four corners of his capital Janakpur. Kaplileshowar is one of the temples. It is believed that the temple was used by Kapil, a Hindu sage, as an Aashram as well, hence the name.

The temple occupies a land of five Kattha. There are a temples of goddess Santoshi in the North, Ganesh in East, Ram-Janaki in South and Hanuman in the west.

In the earthquake of 1990 BS, the temple was destroyed and the main idols of the temple were stolen. The idols have not been found yet. Initially, the temple was constructed in Simrangad architecture. After the damage in 1990 BS earthquake, Bishunu Giri, a kawariya constructed the temple without any government fund. In 2039 BS, a fund was allocated by government to reconstruct the temple and to reinstate the Shiva linga.

1934 Nepal–India earthquake
The 1934 Nepal–India earthquake or 1934 Bihar–Nepal earthquake was one of the worst earthquakes in India's history. The towns of Munger and Muzaffarpur were completely destroyed. This 8.0 magnitude earthquake occurred on 15 January 1934 at around 2:13 pm IST (08:43 UTC) and caused widespread damage in northern Bihar and in Nepal.