hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Russian bank (card game)
Russian bank, crapette or tunj, historically also called the wrangle, is a card game for two players from the patience family. It is played with two decks of 52 standard playing cards. The U.S. Playing Card Company, who first published its rules in 1898, called it "probably the best game for two players ever invented".

The goal of Russian bank, like many card games, is for the player to get rid of forty-eight cards before their opponent can rid themselves of theirs. At the same time, it is required to build "piles" of suits, ace through king, in the center of the board. If a rule regarding the placement of piles is broken, the opponent may call "Stop!" (or "Tunj!" or "Crapette!") to end one's turn.

Commercially produced versions of Russian bank include Skip-Bo and Spite and Malice.

David Parlett
David Parlett (born 18 May 1939 in London) is a games scholar, historian, and translator from South London, who has studied both card games and board games. He is the president of the British Skat Association.
Andreas Mitisek
Andreas Mitisek was the Artistic and General Director of Long Beach Opera from 2003 to 2020 and the General Director of Chicago Opera Theater from 2012 to 2016. After his conducting debut with the company in Henry Purcell's The Indian Queen in 1998, Mitisek served as conductor, stage director and designer for many Long Beach Opera productions.

Henry Purcell
Henry Purcell (/ˈpɜːrsəl/, rare: /pərˈsɛl/; c. 10 September 1659 – 21 November 1695) was an English composer and organist of the middle Baroque era.  He was extremely prolific, having composed more than 100 songs, a tragic opera Dido and Aeneas, and wrote incidental music to a version of Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream called The Fairy Queen.

Purcell's musical style was uniquely English, although it incorporated Italian and French elements. Purcell is generally considered to be one of the greatest English composers.
A Sleepin' Bee
"A Sleepin' Bee" is a popular song composed by Harold Arlen with lyrics by Arlen and Truman Capote. It was introduced in the musical House of Flowers (1954) and performed by Diahann Carroll. While House of Flowers was a flop, "A Sleepin' Bee" became a standard of the American songbook.

Barbra Streisand referred to it as her favorite song, recorded it several times, and performed it in her national television debut in April 1961 on the "Jack Paar Show".

Mel Tormé's performance of the song in Mel Tormé Swings Shubert Alley was called "definitive" in The Penguin Guide to Jazz.

Harold Arlen
Harold Arlen (born Hyman Arluck; February 15, 1905 – April 23, 1986) was an American composer of popular music, who composed over 500 songs, a number of which have become known worldwide. In addition to composing the songs for the 1939 film The Wizard of Oz (lyrics by Yip Harburg), including "Over the Rainbow", which won him the Oscar for Best Original Song, he was nominated as composer for 8 other Oscar awards. Arlen is a contributor to the Great American Songbook. "Over the Rainbow" was voted the 20th century's No. 1 song by the RIAA and the NEA.
Metadata Games
MetadataGames is a free and open-source digital gaming platform for gathering data on photo, audio, and moving image artifacts for use by archivists and researchers. Metadata games were developed by Dartmouth College's Tiltfactor Lab with funding from the National Endowment for the Humanities, American Council of Learned Societies and the Neukom Institute for Computational Science.

Metadata Games uses digital media from: the American Antiquarian Society, the Boston Public Library, the British Library, Dartmouth College’s Rauner Special Collections Library, the Open Parks Network at Clemson University, the Sterling and Francine Clark Art Institute Library, the  University of California-Irvine Library, the  University of California-Los Angeles Chicano Studies Research Center, and the Worcester Polytechnic Institute.

Neukom Institute for Computational Science
The Neukom Institute for Computational Science is a collection of offices and laboratory facilities at Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire. The institute was funded by a donation from Bill Neukom in 2004, then Dartmouth's largest gift for an academic program. The institute provides programs for undergraduates and graduate students as well as encouraging public engagement with computer science through programs such as the Neukom Institute Literary Arts Awards.
Ust-Maya
Ust-Maya (Russian: Усть-Ма́я; Yakut: Уус Маайа, Uus Maaya) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) and the administrative center of Ust-Maysky District of the Sakha Republic, Russia, southeast of Yakutsk, the capital of the republic. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 2,293.

Yakut language
The Yakut language (/jəˈkuːt/ yə-KOOT), also known as the Sakha language (/səˈxɑː/ sə-KHAH) or Yakutian, is a Siberian Turkic language spoken by around 450,000 native speakers—primarily by ethnic Yakuts. It is one of the official languages of the Sakha Republic, a republic in the Russian Federation.

The Yakut language has a large number of loanwords of Mongolic origin, a layer of vocabulary of unclear origin, as well as numerous recent borrowings from Russian. Like other Turkic languages, Yakut is an agglutinative language and features vowel harmony.
National Pedagogic University (Mexico)
The National Pedagogic University (Spanish: Universidad Pedagógica Nacional - UPN) is Mexico's national university for teacher training. The main campus, directly adjacent to the Colegio de México in Mexico City, hosts more than 5,000 students and is the largest of more than 70 UPN campuses nationwide. The university offers both undergraduate (licenciatura) and graduate programs of study.

UPN is in the process of being separated from the Secretaría de Educación Pública and becoming autonomous.

Campus
A campus traditionally refers to the land and buildings of a college or university. This will often include libraries, lecture halls, student centers and, for residential universities, residence halls and dining halls.

By extension, a corporate campus is a collection of buildings and grounds that belong to a company, particularly in the technology sector. Examples include Bell Labs, the Googleplex and Apple Park.
Morten Harry Olsen
Morten Harry Olsen (born in 1960 in Narvik) is a Norwegian author. He made his literary debut in 1985 with the short story collection For alt hva vi er verdt, which won Tarjei Vesaas' debutantpris. Many of his books have been hits with critics.

Olsen studied criminology at the University of Oslo and philosophy at the University of Tromsø. He has worked as a travel agent, taxi driver, night porter, journalist, translator, office worker, literary critic, education consultant, and teacher. He was head of Norsk Forfattersentrum (1989–91), head of arrangements for the Brage Prize (1991–95) and deputy head of the Norwegian Authors' Union (1997–98). From 1988 to 1991 he was a member of the Norwegian Authors' Union's Literary Caucus. Between 1992 and 1996 he was editor of Bokklubben krim og spenning.

The Norwegian Writers' Center
The Norwegian Writers' Center (Norwegian: Norsk forfattersentrum) is an organization of Norwegian poets and fiction writers that encourages interactions among writers and the general public. It is funded by the Norwegian Ministry of Culture and Church Affairs and promotes literacy through poetry readings, public talks, conferences, presentations in schools, and cultural events. Writers resident in Norway having published at least one work of fiction and non-fiction (novels, poetry and children's books), are eligible for membership.

The Norwegian Writers' Center was established in 1968 under the initiative of the authors Einar Økland, Bjørn Nilsen and Tor Obrestad. Today the writer's center has over 900 author and has offices in Oslo, Bergen,  Kristiansand Trondheim and Tromsø. The current leader since 2006 is Ingvild Christine Herzog.
Lebanon County Courthouse
In 1813, Lebanon County, Pennsylvania was founded from parts of Dauphin and Lancaster counties. The new county did not yet have an official courthouse, so the county commissioners rented the Stoy House at 924 Cumberland Street to conduct court sessions. James Buchanan, who would become the 15th president of the United States, was one of the first lawyers to practice law in Lebanon County (from 1813 to 1817).
A new official Lebanon County courthouse was built starting in 1817 and finished in 1818. It was located on the northwest corner of 8th and Cumberland Streets. As the county grew two annexes were added, in 1854 and 1887.

Dauphin County, Pennsylvania
Dauphin County (/ˈdɔːfɪn/) is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 286,401. The county seat is Harrisburg, Pennsylvania's state capital and ninth-most populous city. The county was created on March 4, 1785, from part of Lancaster County and was named after Louis Joseph, Dauphin of France, the first son of King Louis XVI. Dauphin County is included in the Harrisburg–Carlisle Metropolitan Statistical Area. Located within the county is Three Mile Island Nuclear Generating Station, site of the 1979 nuclear core meltdown. The nuclear power plant closed in 2019. The county is part of the South Central region of the commonwealth.
Refrancore
Refrancore (Piedmontese: Ël Francó or Arfrancor) is a village and comune in the northwestern Italian province of Asti in the Piedmont region, located some 13 kilometres (8 mi) east of Asti in the Basso Monferrato. The territory of the comune extends over an area of 13.15 square kilometres (5.08 sq mi) and is largely devoted to agriculture, in particular to vineyards growing the Grignolino and Barbera wine grapes.

Although having only around 1,600 official residents, the population and activity within the village is enhanced by the presence of holiday homes and surrounding hamlets which officially lie within other village boundaries.

Montferrat
Montferrat (UK: /ˌmɒntfəˈræt/ US: /-ˈrɑːt/; Italian: Monferrato [moɱferˈraːto]; Piedmontese: Monfrà, locally [mʊŋˈfrɒ]; Latin: Mons Ferratus) is a historical region of Piedmont, in northern Italy. It comprises roughly (and its extent has varied over time) the modern provinces of Alessandria and Asti. Montferrat is one of the most important wine districts of Italy. It also has a strong literary tradition, including the 18th-century Asti-born poet and dramatist Vittorio Alfieri and the Alessandrian Umberto Eco.

The territory is cut in two by the river Tanaro. The northern part (the Basso Monferrato, "Low Montferrat"), which lies between that river and the Po, is an area of rolling hills and plains. The southern part (the Alto Monferrato, "High Montferrat") rises from the banks of the Tanaro into the mountains of the Apennines and the water divide between Piedmont and Liguria.

On 22 June 2014, Montferrat was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Horsted Place
Horsted Place is a Tudor Revival country house, now a hotel, in Little Horsted, East Sussex, England. The current building dates to 1850, when it was built by Samuel Daukes/George Myers for Francis Barchard, a successful merchant from London, though an earlier house evidently existed as it was documented as being owned by the Law family in 1816. It is described as "A masterpiece of ornate Victorian Gothic, it has towers, tall brick chimneys and a great central Gallery running through its entire length."

Horsted Place is listed Grade II on the National Heritage List, and its gardens are also listed Grade II on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens.

National Heritage List (Australia)
The Australian National Heritage List or National Heritage List (NHL) is a heritage register, a list of national heritage places deemed to be of outstanding heritage significance to Australia, established in 2003. The list includes natural and historic places, including those of cultural significance to Indigenous Australians such as Aboriginal Australian sacred sites. Having been assessed against a set list of criteria, once a place is put on the National Heritage List, the provisions of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) apply.

All places on this list can be found on the online Australian Heritage Database, along with other places on other Australian and world heritage listings.
Kispu
Kispu or kispum was an ancient Mesopotamian ritual in which the ancestors were venerated, nourished and cared. The ritual included regular offering of food and drinks to the deads. Textual evidence for the kispu were found from as early as the 3rd millennium BC; these evidence indicate the ceremony included sacrifices and offerings. The textual evidence allow identification of archaeological findings, such as masses of dining vessels near secondary burial skeletons the royal hypogeum at Qatna, with the kispu.

Ancestor
In genealogy and evolutionary biology, an ancestor, also known as a forefather, fore-elder, or a forebear, is a parent or (recursively) the parent of an antecedent (i.e., a grandparent, great-grandparent, great-great-grandparent and so forth). Ancestor is "any person from whom one is descended. In law, the person from whom an estate has been inherited."
Luk Yeung Galleria
Luk Yeung Galleria (Chinese: 綠楊坊), formally known as Luk Yeung Sun Chuen Mall, is one of the largest shopping centres in Tsuen Wan, New Territories, Hong Kong, located in Luk Yeung Sun Chuen, above MTR Tsuen Wan station. It has a total area of 16,500 square metres (178,000 sq ft).

It was developed in 1983 by a consortium of property developers, including MTR Corporation, Hong Kong Land, Jardine Matheson Holdings and Kiu Kwong.

Consortium
A consortium (pl. consortiums or consortia) is an association of two or more individuals, companies, organizations, or governments (or any combination of these entities) with the objective of participating in a common activity or pooling their resources for achieving a common goal. Consortia are generally nonprofit with a goal to help its members improve their competitiveness in the specific field.

Consortium is a Latin word meaning "partnership", "association", or "society", and derives from consors ("shared in property"), itself from con- ("together") and sors ("fate").
Theodore Thurston Geer
Theodore Thurston Geer (March 12, 1851 – February 21, 1924) was the tenth Governor of Oregon (the first born in the territory of the state), serving from January 9, 1899, to January 14, 1903. The Republican politician was in office when the legislature adopted the "Oregon System", Oregon's system of initiative and referendum. He also served in the Oregon House of Representatives, including time as its Speaker.

Direct Legislation League
The Oregon Direct Legislation League was an organization of political activists founded by William S. U'Ren in the U.S. state of Oregon in 1898. U'Ren had been politically activated by reading the influential 1893 book Direct Legislation Through the Initiative and Referendum, and the group's founding followed in the wake of the 1896 founding of the National Direct Legislation League, which itself had its roots in the Direct Legislation League of New Jersey and its short-lived predecessor, the People's Power League.

The group led efforts in Oregon to establish an initiative and referendum system, allowing direct legislation by the state's citizens. In 1902, the Oregon Legislative Assembly approved such a system, which was known at the time as the Oregon System.

The group's further efforts led to successful ballot initiatives implementing a direct primary system in 1904, and allowing citizens to directly recall public officials in 1908.
Gymnastics Federation of Nigeria
The Gymnastics Federation of Nigeria is the overall governing body of the sports of gymnastics in Nigeria. Established in 1975, the body is affiliated to the International Federation of Gymnastics with the mission of “an all round development of gymnastics in Nigeria and beyond”.

Sports governing body
A sports governing body is a sports organization that has a regulatory or sanctioning function.

Sports governing bodies come in various forms and have a variety of regulatory functions, including disciplinary procedure for rule infractions and deciding on rule
changes in the sport that they govern. Governing bodies have different scopes. They may cover a range of sport at an internationally acceptable level, such as the International Olympic Committee and the International Paralympic Committee, or only a single sport at a national level, such as the Rugby Football League. National bodies will largely have to be affiliated with international bodies for the same sport. The first international federations were formed at the end of the 19th century.
Blithfield meteorite
The Blithfield meteorite was found by Joseph Legree in Blithfield Township, Renfrew County, Ontario and measured about 8 centimetres (3.1 in) x 10 centimetres (3.9 in) x 13.5 centimetres (5.3 in). The main mass is now in the Canadian National collection, Ottawa. Blithfield is an enstatite chondrite, a group of very unusual meteorites that were formed in a very reducing atmosphere. It is a breccia, one of only five known enstatite chondrite breccias.

Enstatite chondrite
Enstatite chondrites (E-type chondrites) are a rare form of meteorite, rich in the mineral enstatite. Only about 200 E-Type chondrites are currently known, comprising about 2% of the chondrites that fall on Earth. There are two main subtypes: EH and EL, classified based on their iron content.
Exceptional point
In quantum physics, exceptional points are singularities in the parameter space where two or more eigenstates (eigenvalues and eigenvectors) coalesce. These points appear in dissipative systems, which make the Hamiltonian describing the system non-Hermitian.

Quantum state
In quantum physics, a quantum state is a mathematical entity that represents a physical system. Quantum mechanics specifies the construction, evolution, and measurement of a quantum state. Knowledge of the quantum state, and the rules for the system's evolution in time, exhausts all that can be known about a quantum system.

Quantum states are either pure or mixed, and have several possible representations. Pure quantum states are commonly represented as a vector in a Hilbert space. Mixed states are statistical mixtures of pure states and cannot be represented as vectors on that Hilbert space, and instead are commonly represented as density matrices.

Common examples of quantum states are the wave functions describing position and momentum, finite-dimensional vectors describing spin such as the singlet, and states describing many-body quantum systems in a Fock space.
MYSTIC
MYSTIC was a National Security Agency (NSA) program between 2009 and 2014 that collected metadata and telephony. The program's existence was revealed in March 2014 from documents leaked by Edward Snowden.

Metadata
Metadata (or metainformation) is data that defines and describes the characteristics of other data.  It often helps to describe, explain, locate, or otherwise make data easier to retrieve, use, or manage. For example, the title, author, and publication date of a book are metadata about the book. But, while a data asset is finite, its metadata is infinite.

As such, efforts to define, classify types, or structure metadata are expressed as examples in the context of its use. The term "metadata" has a history dating to the 1960s where it occurred in computer science and in popular culture. Different types of metadata serve different functions. For example, descriptive metadata for a document might include the author, creation date, file size and keywords.
Argetoaia
Argetoaia is a commune in Dolj County, Oltenia, Romania with a population of 4,331 people as of 2021. It is composed of twelve villages: Argetoaia, Băranu, Berbeșu, Iordăchești, Leordoasa, Malumnic, Novac, Piria, Poiana Fântânii, Salcia, Teascu din Deal, and Ursoaia.

Oltenia
Oltenia (Romanian pronunciation: [olˈtenia]), also called Lesser Wallachia in antiquated versions – with the alternative Latin names Wallachia Minor, Wallachia Alutana, and Wallachia Caesarea between 1718 and 1739 – is a historical province and geographical region of Romania in western Wallachia. It is situated between the Danube, the Southern Carpathians and the Olt river.
Al-Jalama, Tulkarm
Al-Jalama (Arabic: الجلمه) or Khirbat al-Jalama  (Arabic: خربة الجلمه) was a Palestinian Arab village 8.5 kilometres (5.3 mi) north of Tulkarm. Situated close to the eastern banks of a valley of the same name (Wadi Jalama), it was inhabited during the Crusader and Mamluk periods, and again in Ottoman period by villagers from nearby Attil.

Al-Jalama's population was expelled by the Israeli military on 1 March 1950 after it fell under Israeli rule as a result of the 1949 armistice agreement that ended the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. It was subsequently built over by the Israeli kibbutz of Lehavot Haviva.

Tulkarm
32°18′45″N 35°1′36″E﻿ / ﻿32.31250°N 35.02667°E﻿ / 32.31250; 35.02667

Tulkarm or Tulkarem (Arabic: طولكرم, Ṭūlkarm) is a city in the West Bank, Palestine and the capital of the Tulkarm Governorate. Netanya is to the west in Israel, while Nablus and Jenin are to the east. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, in 2017 Tulkarm had a population of 64,532. Tulkarm is under the administration of the Palestinian National Authority.
Alec Page
Alec Page (born November 8, 1993) is a Canadian former competitive swimmer who focuses on individual medley events. At the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, he finished 23rd overall in the preliminary heats of the men's 400-metre individual medley and failed to advance.

Medley swimming
Medley swimming is a combination of four different swimming strokes butterfly, backstroke, breaststroke, freestyle (usually front crawl), into one race. This race is either swum by one swimmer as individual medley (IM) or by four swimmers as a medley relay.
First Hashimoto cabinet
The First Hashimoto Cabinet was formed in January 1996 under the leadership of Ryutaro Hashimoto, following the resignation of Tomiichi Murayama as Prime Minister of Japan and head of the coalition between the Liberal Democratic Party, Japan Socialist Party and New Party Sakigake. The smaller Socialist party relinquished the leadership of the government to the LDP, which was the largest party in the Diet and Hashimoto (LDP President since September 1995) assumed the premiership, becoming the first LDP Prime Minister since August 1993.

The three-party coalition continued, although all ministers from the Murayama Cabinet were replaced. The Socialists renamed themselves as the Social Democratic Party and Secretary-general Wataru Kubo became Deputy Prime Minister and Finance Minister. The cabinet lasted until November 1996, when it was dissolved following the 1996 general election and replaced with the Second Hashimoto Cabinet.

1996 Japanese general election
General elections were held in Japan on 20 October 1996. A coalition of the Liberal Democratic Party, New Party Sakigake and the Social Democratic Party, led by incumbent Prime Minister Ryutaro Hashimoto of the LDP won the most seats.

These were the first elections held after the 1994 electoral reforms. Previously, each district was represented by multiple members, sometimes from the same party, causing intra-party competition. Under the new rules, each district nominated one representative, elected using first-past-the-post voting. A separate party-list vote was introduced for voters to choose their favored party in addition to votes for individual candidates, as a way to more accurately approximate the seats in the House of Representatives of Japan to the actual party votes, in an effort to achieve more proportional representation.