hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
All India Jharkhand Party
All India Jharkhand Party is a political party in India. The party was founded  by David Munzni on May 19, 1968 after merger of Jharkhand Party with Indian National Congress in 1963. Bagun Sumbrai was chosen as president and N.E. Horo as general secretary.

The party participated in two Lok Sabha elections in 1971 and 1972, two Bihar Legislative Assembly elections in 1972 and 1977, and three elections in Odisha in 1971, 1974, and 1977 alongside the Jharkhand Party. The membership was predominantly Christian, but there was also a large group of non-Christians. The party was later crippled through ethnic fractionalism.

1977 Bihar Legislative Assembly election
1977 Bihar Legislative Assembly election was held in 1977 to elect members to the Bihar Legislative Assembly in the state of Bihar, India. The Janata Party's decisive victories in the state and political elections ensured Chief Minister Karpoori Thakur's victory. Thakur became Chief Minister of Bihar for the second time by winning the legislative party election against Bihar Janata Party President Satyendra Narayan Sinha, formerly of Congress [O], by a vote of 144 to 84. It was pre-decided that Lok Dal Faction of Janata Party would get CM post in Bihar, UP and haryana, while MP, Rajasthan and Himachal went to Jan Sangh faction.
1138 imperial election
The imperial election of 1138 was an imperial election held to select the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire after the death of Lothair III in December 1137.  The election took place in Koblenz on 7 March, eleven weeks before the scheduled date due to interference from Archbishop Albero of Trier.

Conrad III of Germany, who was previously anti-king, was named Holy Roman Emperor as a result of the election, starting the Hohenstaufen imperial dynasty.

Lothair III, Holy Roman Emperor
Lothair III, sometimes numbered Lothair II and also known as Lothair of Supplinburg (c. June 1075 – 4 December 1137), was Holy Roman Emperor from 1133 until his death. He was appointed Duke of Saxony in 1106 and elected King of Germany in 1125 before being crowned emperor in Rome. The son of the Saxon count Gebhard of Supplinburg, his reign was troubled by the constant intriguing of the Hohenstaufens, Duke Frederick II of Swabia and Duke Conrad of Franconia. He died while returning from a successful campaign against the Norman Kingdom of Sicily.
Maniitsoq structure
The Maniitsoq structure is a geologic structure resembling a meteorite impact structure located in the Akia terrane of the North Atlantic Craton, centred about 55 km (34 mi) south-east of the town of Maniitsoq, Greenland, at 65°15′N 51°50′W﻿ / ﻿65.250°N 51.833°W﻿ / 65.250; -51.833﻿ (Maniitsoq). In spite of this resemblance, the structure is caused by regional geologic processes (magmatism, tectonism and metamorphism) that reworked and stabilized the North Atlantic Craton during the Mesoarchean to Neoarchean eras.

Originally notable for being proposed as the oldest known impact crater on Earth (3 billion years old), the proposal was criticised for not meeting established criteria for impact craters. Subsequent studies demonstrated no evidence for an impact structure, and observations directly contradict the impact structure proposals. The Maniitsoq structure is not recognised as an impact structure by the Earth Impact Database.

Magmatism
Magmatism is the emplacement of magma within and at the surface of the outer layers of a terrestrial planet, which solidifies as igneous rocks. It does so through magmatic activity or igneous activity,  the production, intrusion and extrusion of magma or lava. Volcanism is the surface expression of magmatism.

Magmatism is one of the main processes responsible for mountain formation. The nature of magmatism depends on the tectonic setting. For example, andesitic magmatism is associated with the formation of  island arcs at convergent plate boundaries while basaltic magmatism is found at mid-ocean ridges during sea-floor spreading at divergent plate boundaries.

On Earth, magma forms by partial melting of silicate rocks either in the mantle, continental or oceanic crust. Evidence for magmatic activity is usually found in the form of igneous rocks formed from magma.
František
František (Czech pronunciation: [ˈfrancɪʃɛk]) is a masculine Czech and Slovak given name. It is a cognate of Francis, Francisco, François and Franz. It can be also surname (feminine: Františková). Notable people with the name include:

Slovak name
Slovak names consist of a given name and surname. Slovakia uses the Western name order with the given name being listed before surname. However, there is a historical tradition to reverse this order, especially in official contexts including administrative papers and legal documents, as well as on gravestones and memorials.

Most Slovaks do not have a middle name. The family name forms for males and females are distinct in Slovakia, making it possible to identify gender from the name alone. As of 2003 there were 185,288 different family names in use among 5.4 million Slovaks, or one family name for every 29 citizens. There is an estimated 90,000 lineages in Slovakia. With marriage, the bride typically adopts the bridegroom's surname. Slovak names are very similar to Czech names.
Colonel O.R. Hood House
The Colonel O. R. Hood House is a historic residence in Gadsden, Alabama, United States.  The house was built in 1904 by Oliver Roland Hood, an attorney, politician, industrialist, and one of the founders of the Alabama Power Company.  He was also a delegate to the state's 1901 constitutional convention.  It was designed and constructed by architect/builder James Crisman. Upon Hood's death in 1951, the house was purchased by the Woman's Club of Gadsden, a community service organization.  The house is built in Classical Revival style with some Victorian details.  The façade is dominated by a double-height portico supported by four Ionic columns.  The front door is flanked by wide sidelights and a tall transom.  The house also has two side entrances on octagonal bays at the rear of each side.  The house was listed on the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage in 1985 and the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.

Gadsden, Alabama
Gadsden is a city in and the county seat of Etowah County in the U.S. state of Alabama. It is located on the Coosa River about 56 miles (90 km) northeast of Birmingham 90 miles (140 km) southwest of Chattanooga, Tennessee. 72 Miles (117Km) Southeast of Huntsville It is the primary city of the Gadsden Metropolitan Statistical Area, which has a population of 103,931. The population was 33,945 at the 2020 census.

In the 19th century, Gadsden was Alabama's second-most important center of commerce and industry, trailing only the seaport of Mobile. The two cities were important shipping centers: Gadsden for riverboats and Mobile for international trade.

From the late 19th century through the 1980s, Gadsden was a center of heavy industry, including the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company and Republic Steel.  In 1991, following more than a decade of sharp decline in industry, Gadsden was awarded the honor of All-America City by the National Civic League.
Cheese on toast
Cheese on toast is made by placing sliced or grated cheese on toasted bread and melting it under a grill. It is popular in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, the Caribbean, United States, and in African countries. A similar American meal is the cheese dream, an open-faced version of a grilled cheese sandwich.

Bacon
Bacon is a type of salt-cured pork made from various cuts, typically the belly or less fatty parts of the back. It is eaten as a side dish (particularly in breakfasts), used as a central ingredient (e.g., the BLT sandwich), or as a flavouring or accent.

Bacon is also used for barding and larding roasts, especially game, including venison and pheasant, and may also be used to insulate or flavour roast joints by being layered onto the meat. The word is derived from the Proto-Germanic *bakkon, meaning 'back meat'.

Meat from other animals, such as beef, lamb, chicken, goat, or turkey, may also be cut, cured, or otherwise prepared to resemble bacon, and may even be referred to as, for example, "turkey bacon". Such use is common in areas with significant Jewish and Muslim populations as both religions prohibit the consumption of pork. Vegetarian bacons such as "soy bacon" also exist.
Culture of Romania
The culture of Romania is an umbrella term used to encapsulate the ideas, customs and social behaviours of the people of Romania that developed due to the country's distinct geopolitical history and evolution. It is theorized that Romanians and related peoples (Aromanians, Megleno-Romanians, and Istro-Romanians) were formed through the admixture of the descendants of Roman colonists and the indigenous Daco-Thracian people who were subsequently Romanized.

Romanization (cultural)
Romanization or Latinization (Romanisation or Latinisation), in the historical and cultural meanings of both terms, indicate different historical processes, such as acculturation, integration and assimilation of newly incorporated and peripheral populations by the Roman Republic and the later Roman Empire. The terms were used in ancient Roman historiography and traditional Italian historiography until the Fascist period, when the various processes were called the "civilizing of barbarians".
Earl Slick
Earl Slick (born Frank Madeloni; October 1, 1952, in Brooklyn, New York) is an American guitarist best known for his collaborations with David Bowie, John Lennon, Yoko Ono and Robert Smith. He has also worked with other artists including John Waite, Tim Curry and David Coverdale, in addition to releasing several solo recordings, and two records with Phantom, Rocker & Slick, the band he formed with Slim Jim Phantom & Lee Rocker (both from Stray Cats).

John Waite
John Charles Waite (born 4 July 1952) is an English rock singer and musician. As a solo artist, he has released ten studio albums and is best known for the 1984 hit single "Missing You", which reached No. 1 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and the top ten on the UK singles chart. He was also the lead vocalist for the rock bands the Babys and Bad English.
Llanymynech railway station
Llanymynech railway station was an important junction station on the Cambrian Railways mainline from Welshpool, Powys to Oswestry, Shropshire, serving the village of Llanymynech which is partly situated in Shropshire, England and partly in Powys, Wales.

Welshpool
Welshpool (Welsh: Y Trallwng ⓘ) is a market town and community in Powys, Wales, historically in the county of Montgomeryshire. The town is four miles (six kilometres) from the Wales–England border and low-lying on the River Severn. The community, which also includes Cloddiau and Pool Quay, has a population of 6,664 (as of the 2011 United Kingdom census), with the town having 5,948. There are many examples of Georgian architecture within the town. Powis Castle is located to the north.
Litungu
The litungu is a traditional lyre played by the Luhya ethnic group of Kenya (including the Bukusu subgroup). It has seven strings. Other varieties of litungu are used by the Kurya and Kisii ethnic groups.

Gusii people
The Gusii people or Abagusii (also known as Kisii in Swahili) are a Bantu speaking ethnic group indigenous to Kisii and Nyamira counties of former Nyanza, as well as parts of Kericho and Bomet counties of the former Rift Valley province of Kenya.

They speak Ekegusii, classified among the Great Lakes Bantu languages and generally grouped with northeast Bantu-speaking populations. Recent studies, however, note that Ekegusii, along with Kuria, Simbiti, Ngurimi, Rangi, and Mbugwe, is structurally distinct from other Bantu languages, particularly in tense usage.

They are noted for their soapstone sculptures, called chigware.
Dominick Pizzonia
Dominick "Skinny Dom" Pizzonia (born November 19, 1941) is a New York mobster and captain with the Gambino crime family who was a hitman and loanshark. Pizzonia allegedly participated in several high-profile murders.

Loan shark
A loan shark is a person who offers loans at extremely high or illegal interest rates, has strict terms of collection, and generally operates outside the law, often using the threat of violence or other illegal, aggressive, and extortionate actions when seeking to enforce the satisfaction of the debt. As a consistent or repeated illegal business operation or "racket", loan sharking is generally associated with organized crime and certain criminal organizations.
Sayram Lake
Sayram Lake (Chinese: 赛里木湖; pinyin: Sàilǐmù hú; Uyghur: سايرام كۆلى; Kazakh: Сайрам көлі, romanized: Sairam köli; Mongolian: Сайрам нуур, romanized: Sairam nuur), also known as Santai Haizi (Chinese: 三台海子) or historically the "Clean Sea" (净海), is an endorheic freshwater lake in the northern Tianshan Mountains at Börtala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang, China, less than 50 km (31 mi) from the border with Kazakhstan. The name Sayram originally derives from Kazakh, meaning "blessing".

The lake is the largest (458 km2 or 177 sq mi) and also the highest (at 2,070 m or 6,790 ft) alpine lake in Xinjiang, largely filled by glacial meltwater, residual precipitation from the Eurasian westerlies and runoffs from the surrounding mountain chains, as well as some groundwater springing and seepage. It was designated an AAAA National Scenic Area in 2010 and was upgraded to an AAAAA National Scenic Area in April 2021.

Kazakh alphabets
The Kazakh language was written mainly in four scripts at various points of time – Old Turkic, Cyrillic, Latin, and Arabic – each having a distinct alphabet. The Arabic script is used in Iran, Afghanistan, and China, while the Cyrillic script is used in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, and Mongolia. In October 2017, a presidential decree in Kazakhstan ordered a transition from the Cyrillic to Latin script to be implemented by 2025. In January 2021, the target year for finishing the transition was pushed back to 2031.
Edward Henry Murphy
Edward Henry Murphy (c1796 Dublin - 1847 Dublin) was an Irish painter of flowers, birds and still life. He studied art at the School of the Royal Dublin Society. He also produced caricatures for the Dublin media. He taught art, painted flower and fruit pieces and, on occasion, landscapes. He exhibited mainly in Dublin in the period 1812 to 1821, and with the Royal Hibernian Academy from 1826 to 1841, to which he was elected an Associate in November 1829. He died by suicide in 1847.

The National Gallery of Ireland has his painting "Parroquets," which earlier belonged to Sir Maziere Brady, Bart., former Lord Chancellor of Ireland.

Royal Hibernian Academy
The Royal Hibernian Academy of Arts (RHA) is an artist-based and artist-oriented institution in Ireland, founded in Dublin in 1823. Like many other Irish institutions, such as the Royal Irish Academy, the academy retained the word "Royal" after most of Ireland became independent as the Irish Free State in December 1922.
Prehysteria!
Prehysteria! is a series of three family monster comedy films made in the early to mid-1990s about the adventures of five miniature baby dinosaurs named after famous pop musicians. The dinosaurs were Elvis, a male Tyrannosaurus, Paula, a female Brachiosaurus, Jagger, a male Stegosaurus, Hammer, a male Chasmosaurus, and Madonna, a female Geosternbergia (despite having the crest of a male, and despite the fact that Geosternbergia was a genus of pterosaur rather than a dinosaur). The films were made by Moonbeam Entertainment, the family-oriented sub-brand of B-movie producer Charles Band's Full Moon Entertainment. Richard Band, Michael Bishop, and Fuzzbee Morse composed the music for the films.

Monster movie
A monster movie, monster film, or creature feature is a film that focuses on one or more characters struggling to survive attacks by one or more antagonistic monsters. Such may be man-sized, like the Creature from the Black Lagoon, or abnormally large ones, like King Kong or Godzilla. The film may also fall under the horror, comedy, fantasy, or science fiction genres. Monster movies originated with adaptations of horror folklore and literature.
1991 Junior Pot Black
The 1991 Junior Pot Black was the fourth staging of the junior snooker tournament and the first since 1983 which was held in the Trentham Gardens at Stoke-on-Trent and was played alongside the senior competition which also got revived this year. 8 young players were competing in a knockout format. The matches are one-frame shoot-outs, a two frame aggregate score in the semi-final and best of three frames in the final.

Broadcast during school holiday mornings on BBC1 on the first week and BBC2 during the second, the series started at 11:05 on Tuesday 20 August 1991. Eamonn Holmes presented the programme with Ted Lowe and John Spencer as commentators and John Williams as referee.

Future professional players in this revived series include Ronnie O'Sullivan, Matthew Stevens and Lee Walker. O'Sullivan won the series beating Ireland's Declan Murphy 2–0 with a 92 break in the first frame.

Matthew Stevens
Matthew John Stevens (born 11 September 1977) is a Welsh professional snooker player. He has won two of the game's Triple Crown events, the Masters in 2000 and the UK Championship in 2003. He has also been a two-time runner-up in the other triple crown event, the World Snooker Championship, in 2000 and 2005. Stevens reached a career high ranking of No. 4 for the 2005/2006 season. Stevens has compiled more than 350 century breaks during his career.
I-beam
An I-beam is any of various structural members with an Ɪ- (serif capital letter 'I') or H-shaped cross-section. Technical terms for similar items include H-beam, I-profile, universal column (UC), w-beam (for wide flange), universal beam (UB), rolled steel joist (RSJ), and double-T (especially in Polish, Bulgarian, Spanish, Italian, and German). I-beams are typically made of structural steel and serve a wide variety of construction uses.

The horizontal elements of the Ɪ are called flanges, and the vertical element is known as the web. The web resists shear forces, while the flanges resist most of the bending moment experienced by the beam. The Euler–Bernoulli beam equation shows that the Ɪ-shaped section is a very efficient form for carrying both bending and shear loads in the plane of the web. On the other hand, the cross-section has a reduced capacity in the transverse direction and is also inefficient in carrying torsion, for which hollow structural sections are often preferred.

Shearing (physics)
In continuum mechanics, shearing refers to the occurrence of a shear strain, which is a deformation of a material substance in which parallel internal surfaces slide past one another.  It is induced by a shear stress in the material.  Shear strain is distinguished from volumetric strain. The change in a material's volume in response to stress and change of angle is called the angle of shear.
Ed Edmondson (chess official)
Edmund Edmondson (13 August 1920 – 21 October 1982) was president of the United States Chess Federation from 1963 to 1966 and executive director of the United States Chess Federation from 1966 to 1975. He served as an officer in the United States Air Force, reaching the rank of lieutenant colonel.

Edmondson played a key role in Bobby Fischer's path to the World Chess Championship in 1972. He asked Pal Benko, who had qualified for the 1970 Interzonal, to yield his spot to Fischer. Benko realized that Fischer had a much greater chance of winning and agreed, working instead as a second for the other US players. Edmondson is also credited with greatly expanding the USCF.
Edmondson served as Fischer's manager during the 1970 Interzonal, and during his winning 1971 Candidates Tournament matches against Mark Taimanov, Bent Larsen, and Tigran Petrosian.

Edmundson was born in Rochester, New York, and died in Honolulu.

Interzonal chess tournaments
Interzonal chess tournaments were tournaments organized by the World Chess Federation FIDE from the 1950s to the 1990s.  They were a stage in the triennial World Chess Championship cycle and were held after the Zonal tournaments, and before the Candidates Tournament. Since 2005, the Chess World Cup has filled a similar role.
I Dig Everything
"I Dig Everything" is a single by the English singer-songwriter David Bowie. It was his final single for Pye Records, released on 19 August 1966. The track was originally demoed with Bowie's then-band, the Buzz, but producer Tony Hatch was unhappy with their efforts and replaced them with session players. It is a pop song that musically and lyrically reflected the mid-1960s Swinging London era. The single was another commercial failure and resulted in the label dropping him. The original recording was included on the Early On (1964–1966) compilation in 1991.

Scottish trio 1-2-3 (later Clouds) performed the song during their live sets in the spring of 1967, becoming one of the first Bowie songs to be covered. After reviving the song live in 2000, Bowie re-recorded it in 2000 for the Toy project, which was initially shelved and released posthumously in 2021. The remake abandoned the original's production, becoming a guitar-driven rocker.

Bowie: A Biography
Bowie: A Biography is a biography on the life and times of musician David Bowie, a twentieth century music and cultural icon. The book is written by Marc Spitz and was released on October 27, 2009, by the Crown Publishing Group.
1988 Davis Cup Americas Zone
The Americas Zone was one of the three zones of the regional Davis Cup competition in 1988.

In the Americas Zone there were two different tiers, called groups, in which teams competed against each other to advance to the upper tier.

Chile Davis Cup team
The Chile men's national tennis team represents Chile in Davis Cup tennis tournament and is governed by Federación de tenis de Chile.  The team played in the World Group on 2019 and reached the final one time in 1976, losing the cup against Italy in Santiago. Chile is currently #17 in the ITF Davis Cup rankings. The team is currently captained by former Chilean tennis player Nicolás Massú.
Lembit Lõhmus
Lembit Lõhmus (born 25 September 1947) is an Estonian printmaker.

He born in Mustla, Viljandi County. In 1969, he began studies at the Tartu Art School and graduated cum laude from the State Art Institute of the Estonian SSR in 1975.  From 1975 to 1977 he worked at the Art Museum of Estonia as the head of the Department of Applied Arts. From 1977 until 1988, he worked as an interior designer. 1989-1992 he was the president of Tallinn Bookplate Club. From 1989 until 2003, he was a freelance printmaker. From 2003 until 2010, he worked at Eesti Postmark and designed over two hundred postage stamps for six countries. He has created over five hundred ex libris and small prints in wood, copper and steel engravings.

He is the designer of the reverse design of the Estonian euro coins.

Mustla
Mustla is a small borough (alevik) in Viljandi Parish, Viljandi County, Estonia. As of the 2011 census, the settlement's population was 818.

From 1938–1979, Mustla was a town with town privileges.

In June 2018, a plaque commemorating Alfons Rebane was unveiled on the wall of a private building in Mustla where he had lived. The Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs protested the unveiling.

Mustla in winter

Monument to the Estonian War of Independence

Gymnasium