hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Miller columns
Miller columns (also known as cascading lists) are a browsing/visualization technique that can be applied to tree structures. The columns allow multiple levels of the hierarchy to be open at once, and provide a visual representation of the current location. It is closely related to techniques used earlier in the Smalltalk browser, but was independently invented by Mark S. Miller in 1980 at Yale University. The technique was then used at Project Xanadu, Datapoint, and NeXT.

While at Datapoint, Miller generalized the technique to browse directed graphs with labeled nodes and arcs. In all cases, the technique is appropriate for structures with high degree (large fanout). For low-degree structures, outline editors or graph viewers are more effective.

Datapoint
Datapoint Corporation, originally known as Computer Terminal Corporation (CTC), was a computer company based in San Antonio, Texas, United States. Founded in July 1968 by Phil Ray and Gus Roche, its first products were, as the company's initial name suggests, computer terminals intended to replace Teletype machines connected to time sharing systems.
2004 Wimbledon Championships – Boys' doubles
Florin Mergea and Horia Tecău were the defending champions, but they did not compete in the Juniors this year.

Brendan Evans and Scott Oudsema defeated Robin Haase and Viktor Troicki in the final, 6–4, 6–4 to win the boys' doubles tennis title at the 2004 Wimbledon Championships.

Horia Tecău
Horia Tecău (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈhori.a teˈkəw]; born January 19, 1985) is a Romanian former professional tennis player who specialised in doubles.

He is a three-time Grand Slam champion, having won the 2015 Wimbledon Championships and 2017 US Open alongside Jean-Julien Rojer in men's doubles, as well as the 2012 Australian Open with Bethanie Mattek-Sands in mixed doubles. Tecău also reached five further Grand Slam finals: at the 2010, 2011 and 2012 Wimbledon Championships with Robert Lindstedt in men's doubles, and at the 2014 and 2016 Australian Opens in mixed doubles.

He reached his career-high doubles ranking of world No. 2 in November 2015, shortly before winning the 2015 ATP Finals with Rojer. Tecău won 38 doubles and one mixed doubles titles on the ATP Tour, including three at Masters 1000 level. He also won the silver medal at the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro, alongside compatriot Florin Mergea.
David Gow (journalist)
David Richard Gow (7 April 1945 – 3 November 2025) was a British journalist.

Gow was born in Edinburgh on 7 April 1945 to a Scottish father, Robin Gow, and an English mother, Eve Mumford. He grew up in York and was educated at Worcester College, Oxford, where he studied French and German.

In 1975, he contributed to the Red Paper on Scotland edited by Gordon Brown. Throughout his career, he worked for a number of publications, including as Germany correspondent for The Guardian. He co-founded the Sceptical Scot website.

Gow had an interest in European politics and was based in Bonn, Germany for the majority of his career. He was a committed Europhile.

Gow died from a heart attack on 3 November 2025 aged 80.

Europhile
A Europhile is a person who is fond of, admires, or loves European culture, society, history, food, music etc. In its narrower, and often pejorative sense, the term europhile is most often used in Europe itself in a political context, that is, in the context of an uncritical attitude towards the European Union. It refers to organizations and individuals with explicitly unquestioning pro-European attitudes, as opposed to Eurosceptics and Europhobes.
Loona yyxy
Loona yyxy (an abbreviation for Youth youth by young) is the third sub-unit of the South Korean girl group Loona, formed through a pre-debut project titled "Girl of the Month". The unit consisted of 4 members, Yves, Go Won, Chuu, and Hyeju (formerly Olivia Hye). Currently the unit consists in 3 members, without Chuu, who was removed from Loona and consequently the lineup in November 2022. They debuted with their first extended play titled Beauty & the Beat on May 30, 2018. They were the last sub-unit to debut with the pre-debut project, before the group debuted as a whole with their extended play titled [+ +].

(+ +)
[+ +] (read as "plus plus") is the debut extended play (EP) by South Korean girl group Loona. It was released on August 20, 2018, by Blockberry Creative and distributed by Danal Entertainment. The EP supported with the singles, "Favorite" and "Hi High", the latter being released the same day as the EP.

The EP was the second highest selling debut album by a girl group in 2018 with 52,823 physical copies sold. It has sold over 107,248 physical copies combined as of May 2020.

A repackaged version, [X X] (stylized as [× ×]; read as "multiple multiple") was released on February 19, 2019, by Blockberry Creative and distributed by Kakao M.
Tom Homer (footballer)
Thomas Percy Homer (April 1886 – ?) was an English footballer who played as a forward. Born in Winson Green, Warwickshire. He played for Soho Caledonians, Erdington, Aston Villa, Stourbridge, Kidderminster Harriers and Manchester United.

Winson Green
Winson Green is a loosely defined inner-city area in the west of the city of Birmingham, England. It is part of the ward of Soho.

It is the location of HM Prison Birmingham (known locally as Winson Green Prison or "the Green") and of City Hospital (formerly Dudley Road Hospital) as well as of the former All Saints' Hospital.

The area has a diverse multi-racial population, including large Afro-Caribbean and Asian communities. There is a nearby large Tesco supermarket and attached Victorian library, Spring Hill Library.
Al-Imam Muhsin Mosque
The Al-Imam Muhsin Mosque (Arabic: جامع الإمام محسن) is a historic mosque located in Mosul, Iraq. It is located in Al-Shifa' neighborhood, near the Bash Tapia Castle and in front of the Mausoleum of Yahya Abu al-Qasim. The mosque was initially built as a madrasa known as Madrasa al-Nouri, which was commissioned by the Seljuk ruler Nour ad-Din ibn Ezzadeen in the late 12th century. It became a mausoleum after refurbishment by the Zangid ruler Badr al-Din Lu'lu'. He turned one of the rooms into a shrine and mausoleum of Imam Muhsin, and added a musholla (prayer space) and a minbar.

The mausoleum was located in an underground shaft in a smaller mosque which was part of the complex. It was damaged by the Islamic State of Iraq and Levant in 2015 after an attempt to loot the mosque.

In 2017, Iraqi airstrikes mostly destroyed the Al-Imam Muhsin Mosque situated in the Dawrat Qassim al-Khayat area.

However, the mosque was repaired .

Zengid dynasty
The Zengid dynasty was a Turkoman Sunni Muslim dynasty of Seljuk mamluk origin. Initially an Atabegate of the Seljuk Empire created in 1127, it ruled parts of the Levant and Upper Mesopotamia, and eventually seized control of Fatimid Egypt in 1169. Imad ad-Din Zengi was the first ruler of the dynasty. In 1174, the Zengid state extended from Tripoli to Hamadan and from Yemen to Sivas, as it also included the Egyptian territories held by Saladin as governor in the name of Nur al-Din Zengi.

The Zengid Atabegate became famous in the Islamic world for its successes against the Crusaders, and for being the Atabegate from which Saladin originated. Following the demise of the Seljuk dynasty in 1194, the Zengids persisted for several decades as one of the "Seljuk successor-states" until 1250.
Urolithin
Urolithins are microflora metabolites of dietary ellagic acid derivatives, such as ellagitannins. They are produced in the gut, and found in the urine in the form of urolithin B glucuronide after absorption of ellagitannins-containing foods, such as pomegranate. During intestinal metabolism by bacteria, ellagitannins and punicalagins are converted to urolithins, which have unknown biological activity in vivo.

Ellagitannins exhibit low bioavailability and are transformed in the gut to ellagic acid and its microbiota metabolites. Urolithins are found in plasma mostly as glucuronides at low concentrations. Urolithins production is dependent on the gut microbiome enterotype. Individuals producing urolithins show a much higher abundance of the Clostridium leptum group of Firmicutes phylum than Bacteroides or Prevotella.

Prevotella
Prevotella is a genus of anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria. The type species is Prevotella melaninogenica.

Prevotella species are widely distributed across varied ecological habitats, with 61 characterized species spanning both human and other mammalian hosts. In mammals, this genus is notably prevalent in the swine gut microbiome.

In humans, Prevotella species are members of the oral, vaginal, and gut microbiota and are often recovered from anaerobic infections of the respiratory tract. These infections include aspiration pneumonia, lung abscess, pulmonary empyema, and chronic otitis media and sinusitis. They have been isolated from abscesses and burns in the vicinity of the mouth, bites, paronychia, urinary tract infection, brain abscesses, osteomyelitis, and bacteremia associated with upper respiratory tract infections. Prevotella spp. predominate in periodontal disease and periodontal abscesses.
New Era University College
New Era University College (NEUC) is a private, non-profit higher education institution  in Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. It was founded on 28 May 1997.

NEUC is a LCCI Registered Training Centre (RTC), and also a Cisco Networking Academy, which teaches students networking and other information technology-related courses such as CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate) and CCNP (Cisco Certified Network Professional).

London Chamber of Commerce and Industry
The London Chamber of Commerce and Industry (LCCI) is a business organization based in London, founded in 1882. It provides support for its members’ businesses through services and advocates on behalf of London’s business community.

The Chamber has interest groups designed to provide targeted support, including the Asian Business Association (ABA), Black Business Association (BBA), and Business Owners Club. LCCI introduced a free B2B digital networking app in 2021. On the LCCI Community App, users can chat with peers, join sector and common interest groups, and see LCCI member product and service offers.
Căzănești
Căzănești is a town in Ialomița County, Muntenia, Romania. It is situated on the left bank of the river Ialomița, 30 km (19 mi) west of the county seat, Slobozia. The town is crossed by the national road DN2A (part of European route E60), which connects Urziceni with Constanța.

European route E60
European route E 60 is the second-longest road in the International E-road network and runs 8,200 km (5,100 mi), from Brest, France (on the Atlantic coast), to Irkeshtam, Kyrgyzstan (on the border with China).
Vacuum breaker
A vacuum breaker is a device that prevents water from being siphoned backward in a direction it is not desired to go.  They are 
commonly placed on a bibcock valve or toilet or urinal flush valve, in which application they can prevent hose or drainage water from back-siphoning into the public drinking water system. This prevents contamination should the public drinking water system's pressure drop. A vacuum breaker is also used in steam distribution systems to prevent collapse of steam coils and pipes by letting in air when the pipe pressure becomes sub-atmospheric.

A vacuum breaker typically contains a plastic disc that is pressed forward by water supply pressure and covers small vent holes. Should the supply pressure drop, the disc springs back opening the vent holes (which let in outside air) and preventing backflow of water.

A more complex valve that accomplishes much the same purpose is the backflow preventer.

Vacuum relief valves are sometimes known as vacuum breakers.

Philip Haas (inventor)
Philip Haas (1874–1927) was an American inventor and entrepreneur who lived in Dayton, Ohio.  Altogether, he received 31 patents in connection with innovations in the field of plumbing.  His work was instrumental to the development of the modern toilet and was featured in the 2004 book Ingenious Inventions How They Work and How They Came to Be.
Jo Ann Pottorff
Jo Ann Pottorff (March 7, 1936) was a member of the Kansas House of Representatives, representing the 83rd district. She served from 1985 to 2013.  Prior to her election she served as President of the Kansas Association of School Boards, as well as the Wichita School Board.

Pottorff was born in Wichita and has a BA in Elementary Education from Kansas State University and an MA in Urban Education from St. Louis University. She is a member of the Business Education Success Team, East Wichita Rotary, Forum for Executive Women, Wichita Chamber of Commerce, Junior League of Wichita, and National Assessment Governing Board.

Pottorff is a member of the Commerce and Labor, General Government Budget, Transportation and Public Safety Budget, and State Building Construction committees. One of the top donors to Pottorff's 2008 campaign was Kansans for Lifesaving Cures.

In May 2012, Pottorff announced that she would be retiring from politics and would not seek re-election.

Kansas House of Representatives
The Kansas House of Representatives is the lower house of the legislature of the U.S. state of Kansas. Composed of 125 state representatives from districts with roughly equal populations of at least 19,000, its members are responsible for crafting and voting on legislation, helping to create a state budget, and legislative oversight over state agencies. Representatives are elected to two-year terms. The Kansas House of Representatives does not have term limits. The legislative session convenes at the Kansas State Capitol in Topeka annually.
Extreme Love: Dementia
Extreme Love: Dementia is a 2012 British documentary film by Louis Theroux.

The documentary is the second part of Theroux's Extreme Love, following Extreme Love: Autism.

Theroux travels to the city of Phoenix, Arizona, considered the capital of dementia care, spending time at Beatitudes, a residential institution for those with dementia. Theroux also meets individuals in the Phoenix area who are trying to keep relationships alive with loved ones with dementia as their disease progresses. Theroux also addresses the case of Early-onset Alzheimer's, presenting the case of Selinda Hope Border, a 49-year-old mother who had been diagnosed with dementia. Selinda died on 24 January 2018 at the age of 56 as a result of such illness.

Early-onset Alzheimer's disease
Early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD), also called younger-onset Alzheimer's disease (YOAD), is Alzheimer's disease diagnosed before the age of 65. It is an uncommon form of Alzheimer's, accounting for only 5–10% of all Alzheimer's cases. About 60% of cases have a positive family history of Alzheimer's and 13% of them are inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. Most cases of early-onset Alzheimer's share the same traits as the "late-onset" form and are not caused by known genetic mutations. Little is understood about how it starts.

Nonfamilial early-onset AD can develop in people who are in their 30s or 40s, but this is extremely rare, and mostly people in their 50s or early 60s are affected.
Garden City, Flintshire
Garden City (Welsh: Dinas Gardd) is a village in the Sealand area of Flintshire, Wales. The village began as a planned community for workers at the nearby steel works in Shotton, in accordance with company policy to give their workers decent housing. The village was originally intended to be called "Sealand Garden Suburb" and was planned to be four times bigger, but construction was halted by the advent of the First World War.

Wirral band OMD recorded the 1984 track "Garden City", a successor to 1981's "Sealand".

Planned community
A planned community, planned city, planned town, or planned settlement is any community that was carefully planned from its inception and is typically constructed on previously undeveloped land. This contrasts with settlements that evolve organically.

The term new town refers to planned communities of the new towns movement in particular, mainly in the United Kingdom. It was also common in the European colonization of the Americas to build according to a plan either on fresh ground or on the ruins of earlier Native American villages.

A model city is a type of planned city designed to a high standard and intended as a model for others to imitate. The term was first used in 1854.
2010 Women's World Twenty20
The 2010 Women's World Twenty20 was the second Women's World Twenty20 competition, which was held in the West Indies from 5 to 16 May 2010. The group stage matches were played at the Warner Park Sporting Complex on Saint Kitts. It was won by Australia, who defeated New Zealand in the final. New Zealand's Nicola Browne was named as Player of the Tournament.

Warner Park Sporting Complex
Warner Park Sporting Complex is an athletic facility in Basseterre, St. Kitts, St. Kitts and Nevis.  It includes the Warner Park Stadium, which was one of the hosts for the 2007 Cricket World Cup. It is named after Sir Thomas Warner, the explorer who established the first English colony on St. Kitts.

The eastern segment contains the cricket pitch, pavilion, media centre and seating for 4,000 which can be increased with temporary stands to 10,000 for major events.  The stadium was largely financed by Taiwan with donations totalling $2.74 million.  The total project cost US$12 million, half for the cricket stadium and half for the football facilities.

The western segment contains the football stadium, with seating for 3,500. In the northern section of the park, there are three tennis courts, three netball / volleyball courts, the Len Harris Cricket Academy, and a small open savannah, Carnival City, used primarily for hosting Carnival events.
Crime in Michigan
In 2019, 43,686 crimes were reported in the U.S. state of Michigan. Crime statistics vary widely by location. For example, Dearborn has a murder rate of only 2.1 per 100,000 while sharing borders with Detroit (43.5 per 100,000) and Inkster (24.2 per 100,000), some of the highest rates in the state.

Mischief Night
Mischief Night or Mischievous Night is an informal holiday where young people engage in jokes, pranks, vandalism, or parties. It is celebrated mostly in Yorkshire and other parts of Northern England on the night before Guy Fawkes night, November 4.
She Bench
SheyBench is one of the woredas in the South West Ethiopia Peoples' Region of Ethiopia. It is named after the subgroup of Bench people. Part of the Bench Maji Zone, She Bench is bordered on the east and south by Meinit Goldiya, on the west by Debub Bench, on the northwest by Semien Bench, and on the north by the Keffa Zone. Shey Bench is part of former Bench woreda. The capital town of Shey Bench woreda is Siz-ሲዝ.

South West Ethiopia Peoples' Region
The Southwest Ethiopia Region, officially the Southwest Ethiopia Peoples' Regional State (Amharic: የደቡብ ምዕራብ ኢትዮጵያ ሕዝቦች ክልል, romanized: Yedebubi Mi‘irabi Ītiyop’iya Hizibochi Kilili) is a regional state in southwestern Ethiopia. It was split off from the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region (SNNPR) on 23 November 2021 after a successful referendum.

It consists of the Keffa, Sheka, Bench Sheko, Dawro, West Omo Zones, and Konta Zone. The working language of the region is Amharic.
Verlie Abrams
Verlie Francis Abrams II (February 5, 1921 – September 16, 2008) was an American football guard who played one season in the American Football League (AFL) for the Wilmington Clippers. He played college football for Missouri, graduating in 1948, and appeared in four games for the Clippers in 1949.

Al Cartwright
Albert Thomas Cartwright (June 20, 1917 – May 10, 2015) was an American sportswriter. He spent 1947 to 1968, then 1971 to 1983, working with The News Journal and its predecessors, winning awards for his "A La Carte" columns.
Cape Northrop
Cape Northrop  is a conspicuous, rocky bluff which rises to 1,160 m, forming the north side of the entrance to Whirlwind Inlet, on the east coast of Graham Land, the northern portion of the Antarctic Peninsula, and dividing Foyn Coast and Bowman Coast. Discovered by Sir Hubert Wilkins on a flight of December 20, 1928, and named for Jack Northrop, designer of the Lockheed airplane used on the expedition. The cape was photographed by the United States Antarctic Service (USAS) in 1940 and charted by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) in 1947.

Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition
The Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition (FIDASE) was an aerial survey of the Falkland Islands Dependencies and the Antarctic Peninsula which took place in the 1955–56 and 1956–57 southern summers.

Funded by the Colonial Office and organized by Peter Mott, the survey was carried out by Hunting Aerosurveys Ltd.  The expedition was based at Deception Island and utilized the Oluf Sven, two Canso flying-boats, and several helicopters.

The photographic collection, held by the British Antarctic Survey as the United Kingdom Antarctic Mapping Centre, comprises about 12,800 frames taken on 26,700 kilometers of ground track.
László Puch
László Puch (born 7 November 1953) is a Hungarian entrepreneur and Hungarian Socialist Party (MSZP) politician. He was a Member of Parliament between 1994 and 2014. He functioned as his party's treasurer from 1998 to 2008, becoming an influential "grey eminence" and powerful politician behind the Socialist cabinets. He served as Secretary of State for Transport, Communications and Energy from 2008 to 2010. As a businessman, he has extensive media interests with Népszava and Vasárnapi Hírek. In 2018 he sold the weekly newspaper Szabad Föld to the Central European Press and Media Foundation in 2018 which is close to the Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbán.

Central European Press and Media Foundation
The Central European Press and Media Foundation or CEPMF (Hungarian: Közép-Európai Sajtó és Média Alapítvány, KESMA) is a Hungarian foundation controlling many of the country's media outlets. Its assets consist of cable news channels, radio stations, internet news portals, newspapers and magazines, including Hír TV, Origo, Mandiner, Nemzeti Sport, Magyar Nemzet, Világgazdaság, Szabad Föld, Bors and Figyelő. As of 2018, the joint estimated value of the foundations assets was over 88 million euros.

The foundation has been criticized by the European Federation of Journalists and the European Centre for Press and Media Freedom for its close ties to Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbán. The news outlets owned by the foundation were acquired or founded by allies of Orbán in the past few years and then donated to the foundation in 2018. The foundation’s media operations between 2018 and 2020 were led by Gábor Liszkay, a newspaper publisher known for his loyalty to Orban.
Pacific Roller Derby
Pacific Roller Derby (PRD) is a women's flat track roller derby league based in Honolulu, Hawaii. Founded in 2008, the league consists of a single team that plays teams from other leagues. Pacific is a member of the Women's Flat Track Derby Association (WFTDA).

Roller derby
Roller derby is a roller skating contact sport played on an oval track by two teams of five skaters. It is played by approximately 1,250 amateur leagues worldwide, though it is most popular in the United States.

A 60-minute roller derby game, or bout, is a series of two-minute timed jams.  Each team, typically with a roster of 15, fields five skaters during each jam: one jammer, designated with a star on their helmet, and four blockers. During each jam, players skate counterclockwise on a circuit track. The jammer scores a point for each opposing blocker they lap. The blockers simultaneously defend by hindering the opposing jammer, while also playing offense by maneuvering to aid their own jammer. Because roller derby uses a penalty box, power jams, in which one team has a temporary numerical advantage after a foul, can have a major effect on scoring.