hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Goulburn Valley Football Association
The Goulburn Valley Football Association (GVFA) was an Australian rules football competition that was first established in 1888 in the Goulburn Valley of Victoria, Australia, with the foundation clubs being Cobram, Muckatah, Nathalia, Numurkah, Wunghnu and Yarroweyah.

This football competition was separate to the Goulburn Valley District Football Association that was formed in 1893, that is still active today and now called the Goulburn Valley Football League.

Goulburn Valley
The Goulburn Valley is a sub-region, part of the Hume region of the Australian state of Victoria. The sub-region consists of those areas in the catchment of the Goulburn River and other nearby streams, and is part of the Murray-Darling Basin. The Goulburn Valley is bordered on the south by the Great Dividing Range and to the north by the Murray River, the state border with New South Wales. The sub-region is one of Australia's most productive and intensively farmed areas and is predominantly irrigated.

Major regional centres of the Goulburn Valley are Shepparton, Seymour, Echuca, Benalla, Yarrawonga and Kyabram.
Kuapa Kokoo
Kuapa Kokoo is a Fairtrade-certified cocoa farmers organisation in Ghana. The organisation was established in 1993 by a group of cocoa farmers from Ghana with support from Twin Trading, Christian Aid and The Body Shop. They are based in Ghana and currently have over 100,000 registered members.

The Day Chocolate Company (a UK company, now Divine Chocolate) was set up by Kuapa Kokoo and Twin Trading in 1997. The company primarily uses Kuapa's cocoa, and the cooperative also holds 20% of Divine Chocolate's stock. Kuapa uses its Fairtrade premium to pay bonuses to members, and invests in social projects, such as schools, bore-holes for drinking water, and mobile clinics.

Fair trade certification
A fair trade certification is a product certification within the market-based movement of fair trade. The most widely used fair trade certification is FLO International's, the International Fairtrade Certification Mark, used in Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia and New Zealand. Fair Trade Certified Mark is the North American equivalent of the International Fairtrade Certification Mark. As of January 2011, there were more than 1,000 companies certified by FLO International's certification and a further 1,000 or so certified by other ethical and fairtrade certification schemes around the world.

The Fairtrade International certification system covers a wide range of products, including banana, coffee, cocoa, cotton, cane sugar, flowers and plants, honey, dried fruit, fruit juices, herbs, spices, tea, nuts and vegetables.
Nick Goldman
Nicholas Goldman is a group leader and senior scientist at the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI), located on the Wellcome Genome Campus in Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, England. He began working at the EBI in 2002, and became a senior scientist there in 2009. His group's research focuses on evolutionary genetics and genomics. He and his EBI colleague Ewan Birney, along with other researchers, developed a tool for DNA digital data storage, on which they successfully encoded all the sonnets of William Shakespeare, Martin Luther King Jr.'s 1963 "I Have a Dream" speech, a PDF of the 1953 paper "Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid", and a photo of their own institute. They described their results in a 2013 paper in Nature.

Sonnet
A sonnet is a fixed poetic form with a structure traditionally consisting of fourteen lines adhering to a set rhyming scheme. The term derives from the Italian word sonetto (lit. 'little song', from the Latin word sonus, lit. 'sound'). Originating in 13th-century Sicily, the sonnet was in time taken up in many European-language areas, mainly to express romantic love at first, although eventually any subject was considered acceptable. Many formal variations were also introduced, including abandonment of the quatorzain limit – and even of rhyme altogether in modern times.
Pseudolithoxus kelsorum
Pseudolithoxus kelsorum is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it is known only from a single site in the Orinoco drainage, located above the Maipures Rapids and south of the Atures Rapids (near the Atures Municipality) in the Venezuelan state of Amazonas. The species reaches 6.6 cm (2.6 inches) SL.

P. kelsorum appears in the aquarium trade, where it is usually referred to either as the banded pancake pleco (presumably referencing its patterning and its dorsoventrally flattened shape) or by its associated L-number, which is L-189.

Atures Municipality
The Atures Municipality (Spanish: Municipio Atures)  is one of the seven municipalities (municipios) that makes up the southern Venezuelan state of Amazonas and, according to the 2011 census by the National Institute of Statistics of Venezuela, the municipality has a population of 104,228. The city of Puerto Ayacucho is the shire town of the Atures Municipality.
The Computer Contradictionary
The Computer Contradictionary is a non-fiction book by Stan Kelly-Bootle that compiles a satirical list of definitions of computer industry terms.  It is an example of "cynical lexicography" in the tradition of Ambrose Bierce's The Devil's Dictionary.  Rather than offering a factual account of usage, its definitions are largely made up by the author.

The book was published in May 1995 by MIT Press and is an update of Kelly-Bootle's The Devil's DP Dictionary which appeared in 1981.

Data processing
Data processing is the collection and manipulation of digital data to produce meaningful information. Data processing is a form of information processing, which is the modification (processing) of information in any manner detectable by an observer.
Beatriz de Bobadilla
Beatriz de Bobadilla (1440–1511) was a Castillian noble, courtier, and confidant of Queen Isabella I of Castile. She was the childhood friend of Isabella and remained at her court as her adviser throughout her reign, once being subjected to an assassination attempt when mistaken for the queen.

For their service to the crown, in 1480 Bobadilla and her husband Andrés Cabrera were granted the Marquisate of Moya and, in 1489, the lordship of Chinchón.

Courtier
A courtier (/ˈkɔːrtiər/) is a person who attends the royal court of a monarch or other royalty. The earliest historical examples of courtiers were part of the retinues of rulers. Historically, the court was the centre of government as well as the official residence of the monarch, and the social and political life were often completely mixed together.
William Rotheram
William Rotheram (by 1519 – will proved 1559), of Lincoln was an English Mayor and Member of Parliament.

He was appointed sheriff of Lincoln for 1545, made Mayor of Lincoln for 1554–55 and elected a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Lincoln in April 1554.

He was married with a son and two daughters.

Lincoln (UK Parliament constituency)
Lincoln is a constituency in Lincolnshire, England represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2024 by Hamish Falconer of the Labour Party.

Since the split of the City of York seat with effect from the 2010 general election, Lincoln has been the oldest constituency in continuous existence in the UK – established in 1265. Lincoln was a bellwether between October 1974 and 2017. The seat bucked the national Conservative victory in 1970 by electing a Labour MP, as it did in 2017. In 2019 and 2024, Lincoln followed the national result, electing a Conservative MP in 2019 and a Labour MP in 2024.

The seat has been considered, relative to others, an ultra-marginal seat, as well as a swing seat. From 2005 until 2024, its winner's majority had not exceeded 6.9% of the vote since the 12.5% majority won in 2005 and the seat had changed hands three times since then. However, in 2024, Hamish Falconer secured the seat with a majority of 20.8%.
Matrix-assisted ionization
In mass spectrometry, matrix-assisted ionization (also inlet ionization) is a low fragmentation (soft) ionization technique which involves the transfer of particles of the analyte and matrix sample from atmospheric pressure (AP) to the heated inlet tube connecting the AP region to the vacuum of the mass analyzer.

Initial ionization occurs as the pressure drops within the inlet tube.

Inlet ionization is similar to electrospray ionization in that a reverse phase solvent system is used and the ions produced are highly charged, however a voltage or a laser is not always needed. It is a highly sensitive process for small and large molecules like peptides, proteins and lipids that can be coupled to a liquid chromatograph.

Inlet ionization techniques can be used with an Orbitrap mass analyzer, Orbitrap fourier transform mass spectrometer, linear trap quadrupole and MALDI-TOF.

Ionization
Ionization or ionisation is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons, often in conjunction with other chemical changes. The resulting electrically charged atom or molecule is called an ion. Ionization can result from the loss of an electron after collisions with subatomic particles, collisions with other atoms, molecules, electrons, positrons, protons, antiprotons, and ions, or through the interaction with electromagnetic radiation. Heterolytic bond cleavage and heterolytic substitution reactions can result in the formation of ion pairs. Ionization can occur through radioactive decay by the internal conversion process, in which an excited nucleus transfers its energy to one of the inner-shell electrons causing it to be ejected.
Testem benevolentiae
Testem benevolentiae is an apostolic letter written by Pope Leo XIII to Cardinal James Gibbons, Archbishop of Baltimore, dated January 22, 1899. In it, the pope addressed a heresy that he called Americanism and expressed his concern that the Catholic Church in the United States should guard against American values of liberalism and pluralism undermining the doctrine of the Church.

Félix Klein
Abbé Félix Klein (12 July 1862 in Château-Chinon (Ville) – December 1953 in Gargenville) was a French priest, theologian and author who taught at the Institut Catholique de Paris. In the United States, he is known as the author of the introduction of Comtesse de Ravilliax's French translation of Walter Elliott's Life of Father Hecker (1896), which started the Americanism controversy. Klein was made a Knight of the Legion of Honour in 1952. Many of Klein's personal papers are kept in the University of Notre Dame Archives.
1989 NHL entry draft
The 1989 NHL entry draft was the 27th NHL entry draft. It was held on June 17 at the Met Center in Bloomington, Minnesota. The Detroit Red Wings' 1989 draft has been noted as exceptionally successful, with 5,955 total NHL games played by the players selected.

The last active player in the NHL from this draft class was Nicklas Lidström, who retired after the 2011–12 season.

Larry Trader
Lawrence Jerome Trader (July 7, 1963 – September 4, 2024) was a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman. He played a handful of games at the NHL level, but was mostly known for his high scoring in the American Hockey League and overseas. He last played for Varese Hockey Club in Italy. He was the cousin of former NHL player Jim Peplinski.
Tom Radulski
Tom Radulski (born July 24, 1955) is an American college football coach and former player. He was the second head football coach at Sacred Heart University, serving from 1997 until he was fired midway thought the 1999 season, and compiling a record of 4–22. Radulski's first season was also the Pioneers' first in NCAA Division I-AA competition. In 1999, the Pioneers left the Eastern Football Conference to join the Northeast Conference.

Radulski had previously been the first head coach in the University of Massachusetts Lowell's football program's history from 1993 to 1995. He was an assistant coach at Colby College, the University of New Hampshire, Columbia University, Hamilton College, College of the Holy Cross, and Allegheny College.

Colby College
Colby College is a private liberal arts college in Waterville, Maine, United States. Founded in 1813 as the Maine Literary and Theological Institution, it was renamed Waterville College in 1821. The donations of Christian philanthropist Gardner Colby saw the institution renamed again to Colby University before settling on its current title, reflecting its liberal arts college curriculum, in 1899. Approximately 2,000 students from more than 60 countries are enrolled annually. The college offers 54 major fields of study and 30 minors.

Located in central Maine, the 714-acre Neo-Georgian campus sits atop Mayflower Hill and overlooks downtown Waterville and the Kennebec River Valley. Along with fellow Maine institutions Bates College and Bowdoin College, Colby competes in the New England Small College Athletic Conference (NESCAC) and the Colby-Bates-Bowdoin Consortium.
Mac Cécht (warrior)
Mac Cécht (Early Modern Irish: Mac Céacht) is the patronymic or cognomen ("son of power") given to one or two warrior champions from Connacht in the Ulster Cycle of early Irish literature. The personages may be identifical or may have been conflated at some stage, although the connection is nowhere made explicit and different fathers are ascribed to them in the tales.

Early Modern Irish
Early Modern Irish (Irish: Gaeilge Chlasaiceach, lit. 'Classical Irish') represented a transition between Middle Irish and Modern Irish. Its literary form, Classical Gaelic, was used in Ireland and Scotland from the 13th to the 18th century.
Marko Osmakcic
Marko Osmakcic (Serbo-Croatian: Osmakčić; born 10 August 1998) is a retired Swiss tennis player. Marko has a career high junior ranking of 41. He made the third round of the 2015 Australian Open boys singles. In 2015 Osmakcic was invited to the Switzerland Davis Cup team. In 2020, he participated in the Swiss version of The Bachelorette, where he finished in third place. Later, he also participated in Serbian reality show Zadruga 5,  which he left self willingly after 9 months, before it finished.

2015 Australian Open – Boys' singles
Roman Safiullin defeated Hong Seong-chan in the final, 7–5, 7–6(7–2) to win the boys' singles tennis title at the 2015 Australian Open.

Alexander Zverev was the defending champion, but chose to participate in the men's singles qualifying and lost to John-Patrick Smith in the first round.
Lorna Feijóo
Lorna Feijóo (born 1974 or 1975) is a Cuban former ballet dancer. Her career started at the Cuban National Ballet, where she rose through the ranks. She left Cuba in 2001, then spent two years with the Cincinnati Ballet, before joining the Boston Ballet in 2003, where she remained as a principal dancer until she retired. Her sister, Lorena Feijóo, was also a ballet dancer.

New York City Ballet
New York City Ballet (NYCB) is a ballet company founded in 1948 by choreographer George Balanchine and Lincoln Kirstein.  Balanchine and Jerome Robbins are considered the founding choreographers of the company. Léon Barzin was the company's first music director.  City Ballet grew out of earlier troupes: the Producing Company of the School of American Ballet, 1934; the American Ballet, 1935, and Ballet Caravan, 1936, which merged into American Ballet Caravan, 1941; and directly from the Ballet Society, 1946.
Inverness, Shelby County, Alabama
Inverness is a former census-designated place and now neighborhood within Hoover, a suburb of Birmingham, Alabama, United States. It derives from a Scottish city of the same name.

U.S. Route 280 runs through Inverness and includes many restaurants and shopping centers, along with a major intersection with Valleydale Road (County Road 17).

The Inverness community is only a few miles from downtown Birmingham. The Cahaba River, Lake Heather, and the Inverness Country Club can be found in Inverness. Inverness is mostly located within the city limits of Hoover, with some portions in unincorporated Shelby County.

An F2 tornado damaged business buildings here along with Pelham, Helena, and Indian Springs on March 27, 1994.

Pelham, Alabama
Pelham is a city in Shelby County, Alabama, United States. The population was 24,318 at the 2020 census, It incorporated on July 10, 1964 and is a suburb located in the Birmingham metropolitan area, Alabama which was home to nearly 1.2 million residents as of the 2020 census. It was named for Confederate Civil War officer John Pelham.
The Mating of Marcella
The Mating of Marcella is a lost 1918 American drama silent film directed by Roy William Neill, and written by Joseph F. Poland and R. Cecil Smith. The film stars Dorothy Dalton, Thurston Hall, Juanita Hansen, William Conklin, Donald MacDonald and Milton Ross. The film was released on May 20, 1918, by Paramount Pictures.

Joseph F. Poland
Joseph Franklin Poland (September 4, 1892 – March 23, 1962) was an American screenwriter. He wrote for more than 130 films between 1913 and 1954. He was born in Waterbury, Connecticut and died in Los Angeles, California.
Pont Alphonse-Normandin
The pont Alphonse-Normandin is a covered bridge that crosses the Rivière Davy in the municipality of Saint-Dominique-du-Rosaire in Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Quebec, Canada.

Thirty-four covered bridges were built in Abitibi, during the colonisation of the region. Today fewer than half of them are extant.

Built in 1950, it is one of the youngest bridges in the province. It was painted red in the 1980s, having previously been grey. It is named after an early pioneer who arrived in the region in 1923.

The single-lane bridge is of Lattice truss bridge design. This design was modified by the Quebec Ministry of Colonisation and was used for more than 500 covered bridges in Quebec.

The weight capacity is 8 tonnes. It is listed in the Quebec Cultural Heritage Directory but does not benefit from any provincial or municipal protection.

Lattice truss bridge
A lattice truss bridge is a form of truss bridge that uses many small, closely spaced diagonal elements forming a lattice. The design was patented in 1820 by architect Ithiel Town.

Originally a means of erecting a substantial bridge from mere planks employing lower–skilled labor, rather than heavy timbers and more expensive carpenters and equipment, the lattice truss has also been constructed using many relatively light iron or steel members. The individual elements are more easily handled by the construction workers, but the bridge also requires substantial support during construction. A simple lattice truss will transform the applied loads into a thrust, as the bridge will tend to change length under load. This is resisted by pinning the lattice members to the top and bottom chords, which are more substantial than the lattice members, but which may also be fabricated from relatively small elements rather than large beams.
National Domestic Workers Alliance
The National Domestic Workers Alliance is an advocacy organization promoting the rights of domestic workers in the United States. Founded in 2007, it is made up of 4 local chapters and 63 affiliate organizations around the country, along with thousands of individual members. Their work advocates for low-income laborers in the context of broader social justice issues, including immigration reform, domestic violence, and more recently the #MeToo movement and the COVID-19 pandemic.

Immigration reform in the United States
Reforming the immigration policy of the United States is a subject of political discourse and contention. Immigration has played an essential part in American history, as everyone except for the Native Americans and descendants of enslaved Africans, in the United States is descended from people who migrated to the United States. Some claim that the United States maintains the world's most liberal immigration policy.

Illegal immigration is extremely controversial in the United States, receiving much attention in recent decades yet yielding little legislative consensus or action. Since the failure of the Border Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act of 2013, no significant immigration reform legislation has been enacted. As of 2022, the DACA program is prohibited from adding new beneficiaries but has not been ended or struck down due to the Supreme Court's 2020 decision in Department of Homeland Security v. Regents of the University of California.
Mulan Joins the Army (1928 film)
Mulan Joins the Army (Chinese: 木蘭從軍; pinyin: Mulan Congjun) is a 1928 Chinese film directed by Hou Yao for the China Sun Motion Picture Company. China Sun invested 30,000 yuan to send a 20-member crew to Northern China to make use of four hundred soldiers during filming. Unfortunately for China Sun, the film was beaten to release in 1927 by competitor Tianyi Film Company's Hua Mulan Joins the Army (Hua Mulan Congjun), which was directed by Li Pingqian and starred Hu Shan, the younger sister of the famed Hu Die.

This film is believed to be a lost film.

Hu Die
Hu Die (Chinese: 胡蝶; Wade–Giles: Hu Tieh; 1907–08 – 23 April 1989), also known by her English name Butterfly Wu, was a popular Chinese actress during the 1920s and 1930s. She was voted China's first "Movie Queen" in 1933, and won the Best Actress Award at the 1960 Asian Film Festival for her performance in Rear Door.
1911 Copa de Honor Cousenier
The 1911 Copa de Honor Cousenier was the final match to decide the winner of the Copa de Honor Cousenier, the 7th. edition of the international competition organised by the Argentine and Uruguayan Associations together. The final was contested by Uruguayan side CURCC and Argentine club Newell's Old Boys.

The match was held in the Estadio Gran Parque Central in Montevideo, on November 5, 1911. With CURCC winning 2–0, players of Newell's left the field under protest after the referee validated both goals. Newell's alleged that those goals had been scored with players in offside position. Nevertheless, the title was awarded to CURCC, which won its second consecutive Copa Cousenier trophy.

Uruguayan Football Association
The Uruguayan Football Association (Spanish: Asociación Uruguaya de Fútbol — AUF) is the governing body of football in Uruguay. It was founded in 1900, as The Uruguayan Association Football League, and affiliated to FIFA in 1923. It is a founding member of CONMEBOL and is in charge of the national men's team and the national women's team, as well as the Uruguayan football league system.
J. Amado Araneta
Jesús Amado "Amading" Sitchon Araneta  (February 26, 1907 – November 17, 1985) was a Filipino businessman. He was initially involved in sugar plantations, but invested in commercial real estate following the Second World War. He is best known for the development of the Araneta Center in Quezon City and for his influence in the Philippines both before and after the Second World War.

Cenotaph
A cenotaph is an empty grave, tomb or a monument erected in honor of a person or group of people whose remains are elsewhere or have been lost. It can also be the initial tomb for a person who has since been reinterred elsewhere. Although the majority of cenotaphs honor individuals, many noted cenotaphs are also dedicated to the memories of groups of individuals, such as the lost soldiers of a country or of an empire.