hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Aphyllorchis anomala
Aphyllorchis anomala, commonly known as the simple pauper orchid, is a leafless terrestrial mycotrophic orchid in the family Orchidaceae. It has up to twenty white flowers with purple markings on a deep purple flowering stem and grows in shady rainforest in tropical north Queensland.

Mycotroph
A mycotroph is a plant that gets all or part of its carbon, water, or nutrient supply through symbiotic association with fungi. The term can refer to plants that engage in either of two distinct symbioses with fungi:

Many mycotrophs have a mutualistic association with fungi in any of several forms of mycorrhiza. The majority of plant species are mycotrophic in this sense. Examples include Burmanniaceae.

Some mycotrophs are parasitic upon fungi in an association known as myco-heterotrophy.
Jeshoreshwari Kali Temple
Jeshoreshwari Kali Temple (Bengali: যশোরেশ্বরী কালী মন্দির) is an ancient Hindu temple in Bangladesh, dedicated to the goddess Kali. The temple is located in Ishwaripur, a village in Shyamnagar upazila of Satkhira. It is one of the 51 Shaktipeeths, where Devi Sati's Palms of hands and soles of the feet were fallen. The name "Jeshoreshwari" means "Goddess of Jeshore". The Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi visited this temple in 2021 and gifted a golden crown to idol but later it was stolen during 2024 Bangladesh anti-Hindu violence.

2024 Bangladesh anti-Hindu violence
Following the resignation of Sheikh Hasina on 5 August 2024, attacks began on Hindus in Bangladesh, with Hindu homes, businesses and places of worship being targeted en masse. The Bangladesh Hindu Buddhist Christian Unity Council reported that from 4 to 20 August, a total of 2,010 incidents (including 69 temples) of attacks on minorities took place across the country within this 16-day period.

Among the incidents, the homes of 157 families were attacked, looted, vandalised and set on fire while some of their businesses were also attacked, looted and vandalised. Five Hindus were killed in these attacks, of which at least two were confirmed as Awami League members. According to a UN Human Rights Office report, these abuses also affected Ahmadiyya Muslims, Hindus, and indigenous people from the Chittagong Hill Tracts.
Julius Johann Weiland
Julius Johannes Weiland (c. 1605 – 2 April 1663) was a minor German composer.

He was a singer and harpsichordist at the Wolfenbüttel court at the time of Augustus the Younger, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel. With Johann Jacob Löwe (1628–1703), organist at Eisenach, he published Zweyer gleichgesinnten Freunde Tugend- und Schertz Lieder (1657). He died in Wolfenbüttel.

The small number of surviving works include:

Salve Jesu 3 voices, 2 violins and basso continuo,

Veni sancte spiritus a 6,

Factum est proelium magnum.

Basso continuo
Basso continuo is a harmonic musical structure, almost universal in the Baroque era (1600–1750), that generally consisted of a bassline and a chord progression. The phrase is often shortened to continuo, and the instrumentalists playing the continuo part are called the continuo group.
The Witches (1966 film)
The Witches (U.S. title: The Devil's Own) is a 1966 British horror film directed by Cyril Frankel and starring Joan Fontaine, Alec McCowen, Kay Walsh, Ann Bell, Ingrid Boulting and Gwen Ffrangcon-Davies. Made by Hammer Films, it was adapted by Nigel Kneale from the 1960 novel The Devil's Own by Norah Lofts (as Peter Curtis). This was the final theatrical film role for Fontaine, who continued to act in television productions.

Kay Walsh
Kathleen Walsh (15 November 1911 – 16 April 2005) was an English actress, dancer, and screenwriter. Her film career prospered after she met her future husband, film director David Lean, with whom she worked on productions such as In Which We Serve and Oliver Twist.
5011 Ptah
5011 Ptah (/ˈtɑː/; prov. designation: 6743 P-L) is a near-Earth object and potentially hazardous asteroid of the Apollo group. It was discovered by astronomers with the Palomar–Leiden survey on 24 September 1960. The rare O-type asteroid on an eccentric orbit measures approximately 1.6 kilometers (1 mile) in diameter. It was named after the Ancient Egyptian deity Ptah.

O-type asteroid
The rare O-type asteroids have spectra similar to the unusual asteroid 3628 Boznemcová, which is the best asteroid match to the spectra of L6 and LL6 ordinary chondrite meteorites. Their spectra have a deep absorption feature longward of 0.75 μm.
Vilanova de la Barca
Vilanova de la Barca (Catalan pronunciation: [ˌbilaˈnɔβɛ ðe la ˈβaɾkɛ]) is a municipality in the comarca of Segrià in Catalonia, Spain. It is situated at the confluence of the Segre and Corb rivers. The Urgell canal provides irrigation water for growing cereals and forage plants. The municipality is linked to Lleida and Balaguer by the C-1313 road and a FGC railroad.

Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya
Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya (Eastern Calatan: [ˌfɛrukəˈrilz ðə lə ʒənəɾəliˈtad də kətəˈluɲə], "Catalan Government Railways"; Spanish: Ferrocarriles de la Generalidad de Cataluña), or FGC, is a railway company which operates several unconnected lines in Catalonia, Spain.

The lines operated include metro and commuter lines in and around the city of Barcelona, tourist mountain railways, and rural railway lines. They include 3.5 kilometres (2.2 mi) of 600 mm (1 ft 11+5⁄8 in) gauge route, 140 kilometres (87 mi) of 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) metre gauge route, 42 kilometres (26 mi) of 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge route, and 89 kilometres (55 mi) of broad gauge route, making the FGC one of the few railway companies to operate on four different gauges.

Whilst most lines are conventional adhesion railways, the FGC also operates two rack railways and four funicular railways.

In 2018, the network carried 87.2 million passengers.
Shelter Dogs
Shelter Dogs is a 2003 documentary film directed and produced by Cynthia Wade about animal welfare in the United States and the ethics of animal euthanasia. Following a particular Upstate New York animal shelter and its staff over a three-year time span, Wade gives her audience a complex, honest look at the situations that arise when it comes to homeless animals and some of the difficult, controversial decisions that must be made within them.

It was aired on HBO as part of the series America Undercover.

Animal shelter
An animal shelter or pound is a place where stray, lost, abandoned or surrendered animals – mostly dogs and cats – are housed. The word "pound" has its origins in the animal pounds of agricultural communities, where stray livestock would be penned or impounded until they were claimed by their owners.

While no-kill shelters exist, it is sometimes policy to euthanize animals that are not claimed quickly enough by a previous or new owner. In Europe, of the 30 countries included in a survey, all but six (Austria, the Czech Republic, Germany, Greece, Italy and Poland) permitted euthanizing non-adopted animals.
Desencuentro (1997 TV series)
Desencuentro (English: Disagreement) is a Mexican telenovela produced by Ernesto Alonso for Televisa in 1997.

On Monday, November 17, 1997, Canal de las Estrellas started broadcasting Desencuentro weekdays at 8:00pm, replacing Esmeralda. The last episode was broadcast on Friday, April 3, 1998, with Vivo por Elena replacing it the following Monday.

The telenovela starred Juan Ferrara, Daniela Castro, Alma Muriel and Ernesto Laguardia.

Ernesto Alonso
Ernesto Alonso (February 28, 1917 – August 7, 2007) was a Mexican producer, director, cinematographer and actor. He was nicknamed "El Señor Telenovela" ("Mr. Soap Opera") because most of his work centered on telenovelas known around the world.
José Luis Cabezas
José Luis Cabezas (Wilde, Buenos Aires, 28 November 1961 – General Madariaga, 25 January 1997) was an Argentine news photographer and reporter who worked for Noticias, a leading local newsmagazine. Cabezas gained notoriety after he was kidnapped and killed by people hired by Alfredo Yabrán in retaliation for having taken a photo of him in Pinamar –a seaside resort in Atlantic Coast– in February 1996. The photo, which displayed Yabrán and his wife, was published on the cover of Noticias magazine in March 1996, unveiling Yabrán's face to public.

The murder of Cabezas was widely covered by the Argentine media and was a shock not only for the society but for some of the most renowned politicians of that time, which had close ties with Yabrán.

Argentine Sea
The Argentine Sea (Spanish: Mar Argentino) is a marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean adjacent to the southern tip of South America. It ranges from the mouth of the estuary of the Río de la Plata in the north (35th parallel south) to the Isla de los Estados in the south, and from the Argentine coast to the 200 meters isobath. Its width varies between 210 km in front of Mar del Plata and 850 km at the latitude of the Falkland Islands. The coastline extends for 4,725 km. To the east of the Argentine Sea extends much deeper and more extensive Argentine Basin.
Isidor Natanson
Isidor Pavlovich Natanson (Russian: Исидор Павлович Натансон; February 8, 1906 in Zurich – July 3, 1964 in Leningrad) was a Swiss-born Soviet mathematician known for contributions to real analysis and constructive function theory, in particular, for his textbooks on these subjects. His son, Garal'd Natanson (1930–2003), was also a known mathematician.

Real analysis
In mathematics, the branch of real analysis studies the behavior of real numbers, sequences and series of real numbers, and real functions. Some particular properties of real-valued sequences and functions that real analysis studies include convergence, limits, continuity, smoothness, differentiability and integrability.

Real analysis is distinguished from complex analysis, which deals with the study of complex numbers and their functions.
2012 in arthropod paleontology
This list of fossil arthropods described in 2012 is a list of new taxa of trilobites, fossil insects, crustaceans, arachnids and other fossil arthropods of every kind that have been described during the year 2012. The list only includes taxa at the level of genus or species.

Arachnid
Arachnids are arthropods in the class Arachnida (/əˈræknɪdə/) of the subphylum Chelicerata. Arachnida includes, among others, spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites, pseudoscorpions, harvestmen, camel spiders, whip spiders and vinegaroons.

Adult arachnids have eight legs attached to the  cephalothorax. In some species the frontmost pair of legs has converted to a sensory function, while in others, different appendages can grow large enough to take on the appearance of extra pairs of legs.

Almost all extant arachnids are terrestrial, living mainly on land. However, some inhabit freshwater environments and, with the exception of the pelagic zone, marine environments as well. They comprise over 110,000 named species, of which 51,000 are species of spiders.

The term is derived from the Greek word ἀράχνη (aráchnē, 'spider'), from the myth of the hubristic human weaver Arachne, who was turned into a spider.
Fort Philip Long
Fort Philip Long is a historic fort complex located on the Shenandoah River near Stanley, Page County, Virginia. It is a significant example of the fortifications undertaken by the families in the Massanutten country of Page County in the later half of the 18th century. It includes an 18th-century, 1+1⁄2-story, rubble limestone structure with a gable roof. It sits on a basement and features a massive exterior asymmetrical stone chimney. The fort is situated about 100 yards from the stone dwelling. It consists of random rubble limestone walls that form a tall barrel vault pierced by loopholes. The fort may also be entered by means of a tunnel, sunk into the limestone, running from the basement of the stone house. Also on the property is a large brick three-bay square house built in 1856 and a stone slave quarter.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.

Fort Philip Long historical marker

Shenandoah River
The Shenandoah River /ˌʃɛnənˈdoʊə/ is the principal tributary of the Potomac River, 55.6 miles (89.5 km) long with two forks approximately 100 miles (160 km) long each, in the U.S. states of Virginia and West Virginia. The river and its tributaries drain the central and lower Shenandoah Valley and the Page Valley in the Appalachians on the west side of the Blue Ridge Mountains, in northwestern Virginia and the eastern panhandle of West Virginia. There is a hydroelectric plant along the Shenandoah River constructed in 2014 by Dominion.
Mucuna pruriens
Mucuna pruriens is a tropical legume native to Africa and tropical Asia and widely naturalized and cultivated. Its English common names include monkey tamarind, velvet bean, Bengal velvet bean, Florida velvet bean, Mauritius velvet bean, Yokohama velvet bean, cowage, cowitch, lacuna bean, and Lyon bean.

The plant is notorious for the extreme itchiness it produces on contact, particularly with the young foliage and the seed pods. It also produces many medium-sized red swollen bumps on the skin with the itching. It has agricultural and horticultural value, and is used in herbalism.

Calloselasma
Common names: Malayan ground pit viper, Malayan pit viper, Malayan ground snake, Malayan moccasin.

Calloselasma is a monotypic genus created for a pit viper species, Calloselasma rhodostoma, which is endemic to Southeast Asia from Thailand to northern Malaysia and on the island of Java. No subspecies are currently recognized.
Noise Protocol Framework
The Noise Protocol Framework, sometimes referred to as "Noise" or "Noise Framework", is a public domain cryptographic framework for creating secure communication protocols based on Diffie–Hellman key exchange. Developed by Trevor Perrin, the framework defines a series of handshake patterns—predefined sequences of message exchanges—that outline how parties initiate communication, exchange keys, and establish shared secrets. These patterns can be combined and customized to meet specific security requirements, such as mutual authentication, forward secrecy, and identity protection.

Several popular software applications and protocols, including the messaging platforms WhatsApp and Slack and the VPN protocol WireGuard, have used implementations of the Noise Framework to ensure end-to-end encryption for user communications. The framework remains a topic of development, including post-quantum adaptations. The framework is currently at revision 34, published in July 2018.

Conceptual framework
A conceptual framework is an analytical tool with several variations and contexts. It can be applied in different categories of work where an overall picture is needed. It is used to make conceptual distinctions and organize ideas. Strong conceptual frameworks capture something real and do this in a way that is easy to remember and apply.
Ahmet Dağtekin
Ahmet Dağtekin was the head of the pro-Kurdish Democratic People's Party in Turkey. In July, along with Handan Çağlayan, he was convicted in a Halfeti court for using the Kurdish language during a 2004 campaign event. Dağtekin was sentenced to a 6-month prison term by the court, in addition to a fine of $326 (440 lira). The rulings were under appeal at year's end.

Halfeti
Halfeti (Kurdish: Xelfêtî) is a municipality and district of Şanlıurfa Province, Turkey. Its area is 609 km2, and its population is 41,662 (2022). It is near the east bank of the river Euphrates, 120 km (75 miles) from the city of Şanlıurfa.

Most of the villages were submerged in the 1990s under the waters behind the dam on the Euphrates at Birecik. The town was therefore moved to the village of Karaotlak.

Halfeti was the subject of an internet urban legend wherein the town was the only location on Earth where black roses grew.
Mikaela Beardsley
Mikaela Beardsley (born January 22, 1970) is an American documentary film producer and entrepreneur. She is currently the executive director of the What Works Media Project. Most of her films are distributed by PBS or HBO Documentary Films.

HBO Documentary Films
HBO Documentary Films is an American production and distribution company and a division of the cable television network HBO that produces non-fiction feature films and miniseries.

The division releases between 10 and 15 documentaries per year for the network and provides limited theatrical distribution of certain films prior to their initial broadcast on HBO's linear television and streaming services.
1999–2000 Four Hills Tournament
The 1999–2000 Four Hills Tournament took place at the four traditional venues of Oberstdorf, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Innsbruck and Bischofshofen, located in Germany and Austria, between 29 December 1999 and 6 January 2000.

Bischofshofen
Bischofshofen (German pronunciation: [bɪʃɔfsˈhoːfn̩] ⓘ) is a town in the district of St. Johann im Pongau in the Austrian federal state of Salzburg. It is an important traffic junction located both on the Salzburg-Tyrol Railway line and at the Tauern Autobahn, a major highway route crossing the main chain of the Alps.
Wannock River
The Wannock River is a short river in the Central Coast region of British Columbia, Canada, draining Owikeno Lake and entering Rivers Inlet at the head of that inlet, adjacent to the town of the same name, which is the main modern settlement of the Wuikinuxv (Owikeno) people.  Katit Indian Reserve No. 1 is located around the banks of the river, including Katit Island, which is an island in the river.

British Columbia Coast
The British Columbia Coast, popularly referred to as the BC Coast or simply the Coast, is a geographic region of the Canadian province of British Columbia. As the entire western continental coastline of Canada along the Pacific Ocean is in the province, it is synonymous with being the West Coast of Canada.

While the exact boundaries are variously defined, the region is generally defined to include the 15 regional districts that have coastline along the Pacific Ocean or Salish Sea, or are part of the Lower Mainland, a subregion of the British Columbia Coast. Other boundaries may exclude parts of or even entire regional districts, such as those of the aforementioned Lower Mainland.
1934 Illinois Senate election
The 1934 Illinois Senate election was held on November 6, 1934, to determine which party would control the Illinois Senate for the following two years in the 59th Illinois General Assembly. The 26 odd-numbered seats out of the 51 seats in the Illinois Senate were up for election alongside a special election to fill the vacancy left in District 40 following the death of incumbent democratic state senator Clifford J. Vogelsang on May 8, 1933. The primary was held on April 10, 1934. Prior to the election, 33 seats were held by Democrats and 18 seats were held by Republicans. The general election saw Democrats expanding their majority in the State Senate by 2 seats.

Clifford J. Vogelsang
Clifford Johnston Vogelsang (November 20, 1892 – May 8, 1933) was an American lawyer and businessman.

Vogelsang was born in El Paso, Illinois. He graduated from Illinois Wesleyan University, where he was a member of Tau Kappa Epsilon fraternity, and was admitted to the Illinois bar. Vogelsang practiced law in Pana, Illinois and then moved to Taylorville, Illinois where he continued to practice law. Vogelsang served as county judge for Christian County, Illinois. He was a Democrat. Vogelsang served in the Illinois Senate in 1933 and died while in office. He died in St. Vincent's Hospital in Taylorville, Illinois from complications from surgery for the removal of his appendix.
Iver B. Neumann
Iver Brynild Neumann (born 10 October 1959) is a Norwegian political scientist and social anthropologist. He is Director of the Fridtjof Nansen Institute at Polhøgda, Lysaker, a position he has held since December 2019. From 2012-2017 he was the Montague Burton Professor of International Relations at the London School of Economics and Political Science. He has also served as Research Director and Director at the Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (NUPI) and adjunct professor in International Relations at the Norwegian University of Life Sciences.

Norwegian University of Life Sciences
The Norwegian University of Life Sciences (Norwegian: Norges miljø- og biovitenskapelige universitet, NMBU) is a public university located in Ås, Norway. It is located  in Akershus county and has around 7,700 students.
Mount Coulthard
Mount Coulthard is a mountain straddling the border between Alberta and British Columbia in Canada. It is part of the Flathead Range which is a subset of the Canadian Rockies. The mountain is set on the Continental Divide, in Castle Wildland Provincial Park. It is situated in the Crowsnest Pass area and can be seen from Highway 3, the Crowsnest Highway.

Mount Coulthard is named after Major Robert Wilson Coulthard (born December 6, 1875), a prominent Canadian mining engineer. He was general manager of the West Canadian Coal Company, engineer at Crow's Nest Pass Coal Company from 1901 to 1908, and a Major with the 2nd Canadian Tunnelling Company. The mountain's toponym was officially adopted in 1928 by the Geographical Names Board of Canada.

Geographical Names Board of Canada
The Geographical Names Board of Canada (GNBC) is a national committee with a secretariat in Natural Resources Canada, part of the Government of Canada, which authorizes the names used and name changes on official federal government maps of Canada.
Kohlbergspitze
The Kohlbergspitze is a 2,202 m (AA) high summit on the main chain (Daniel ridge) of the Ammergau Alps in Tyrol, Austria. Less common names for the mountain are the Zigersteinjoch, Stapferwiesjoch and Zigerstein (also the name of a small rock pinnacle with a summit cross on the southwest side of the Kohlbergspitze). With its 300-metre-high north faces and grassy and less steep southern slopes is the first prominent summit in the western part of the main chain.

Metres above the Adriatic
Metres above the Adriatic (Italian: Metri sopra l'Adriatico, German: Meter über Adria, Serbo-Croatian: Metara iznad Jadrana) is the vertical datum used in Albania, Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, and Slovenia to measure elevation, referring to the average water level of the Adriatic Sea at the Sartorio mole in the Port of Trieste.
Tingzikou Dam
The Tingzikou Dam is a gravity dam on the Jialing River downstream of Guangyuan in Cangxi County, Sichuan province, China. The purposes of the dam is flood control, irrigation, hydroelectric power production and navigation. The dam supports a 1,100 MW power station and a 500-ton ship lift. The project was approved in October 2009 and after being shelved for 50 years. Construction began soon thereafter and the river was closed-off in January 2010. The dam began to impound its reservoir in May 2013 and the first generator went online in August. On 20 March 2014 the third generator was commissioned and the fourth and final on 29 April 2014.

Cangxi County
Cangxi County (simplified Chinese: 苍溪县; traditional Chinese: 蒼溪縣; pinyin: Cāngxī Xiàn) is a county of northeastern Sichuan Province, China, located along the upper reaches of the Jialing River. It is under the administration of Guangyuan City. The population in 2020 was 512,617.

Cangxi produces red kiwifruit, a protected geographic origin product. It also produces rice, pomelo, and several pear varieties.