hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Culture of Ossetia
The culture of Ossetia includes a range of rituals, customs and language distinctions specific to the region of Ossetia in the Caucasus, divided between Russia and Georgia, and inhabited primarily by the Ossetians, an Iranian ethnic group. The Ossetian culture combines traces of ancient Iranian, Scythian, and Caucasian traditions.

Ossetia
Ossetia (/ɒˈsɛtiə/ ⓘ o-SET-ee-ə, less common: /ɒˈsiːʃə/ ⓘ o-SEE-shə; Iron Ossetian: Ирыстон, romanized: Iryston, pronounced [iˈrəston]; Digor Ossetian: Иристон, romanized: Iriston; or Ир romanized: Ir) is an ethnolinguistic region on both sides of the Greater Caucasus Mountains, largely inhabited by the Ossetians. The Ossetian language is part of the Eastern Iranian branch of the family of Indo-European languages. Most countries recognize the Ossetian-speaking area south of the main Caucasus ridge as lying within the borders of Georgia, but it has come under the control of the de facto government of the Russian-backed Republic of South Ossetia. The northern portion of the region consists of the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania within the Russian Federation.
Yangpingguan railway station
Yangpingguan railway station (Chinese: 阳平关站) is a railway station in Yangpingguan, Ningqiang County, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, China. It opened in 1956. It is an intermediate stop on the Baoji–Chengdu railway and the western terminus of the Yangpingguan–Ankang railway.

Yangpingguan–Ankang railway
The Yangpingguan–Ankang railway or Yang'an railway (simplified Chinese: 阳安铁路; traditional Chinese: 陽安鐵路; pinyin: Yáng'ān tiělù), is a single-track, electrified railroad in China between Yangpingguan and Ankang in southern Shaanxi Province.  The line, 356 km (221 mi) in length, follows the upper reaches of the Han River and was built from 1969 to 1972.  Major cities and towns along route include Yangpingguan, Mian County, Hanzhong, Chenggu, Yang County, Xixiang, Shiquan, Hanyin and Ankang.
City Power
City Power Johannesburg (or Joburg City Power) is a state owned power utility, wholly owned by the City of Johannesburg. Its responsibilities include buying electricity from power producers and supplying it to the public, and installing and maintaining the electrical infrastructure in the City of Johannesburg. It supplies electricity to 3.2 million people in the Greater Johannesburg Metropolitan Area.

Electric utility
An electric utility, power utility, electric company, or power company is a company in the electric power industry (often a public utility) that engages in electricity generation and distribution of electricity for sale generally in a regulated market. Electric utilities are major providers of energy in most countries.

Electric utilities include investor owned, publicly owned, cooperatives, and nationalized entities. They may be engaged in all or only some aspects of the industry. Electricity markets are also considered electric utilities—these entities buy and sell electricity, acting as brokers, but usually do not own or operate generation, transmission, or distribution facilities. Utilities are regulated by local and national authorities.

Electric utilities are facing increasing demands including aging infrastructure, reliability, and regulation.

In 2009, the French company EDF was the world's largest producer of electricity.
Ursula Burns
Ursula M. Burns (born September 20, 1958) is an American businesswoman. Burns was the CEO of Xerox from 2009 to 2016. Burns was the first black woman to lead a Fortune 500 company. She is also the first woman to follow another as the head of a Fortune 500 company. Burns remained the chairman at Xerox from 2010 to 2017.

Burns also served on the board of directors of Uber, American Express, and ExxonMobil. She was the chairperson and CEO of VEON from late 2018 to early 2020 and is the Non-Executive Chairwoman of Teneo.

In 2021, Burns co-founded private equity firm Integrum Holdings.

Under President Barack Obama Burns led the White House national program on science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) from 2009 to 2016. Additionally, she was chairwoman of the President's Export Council from 2015 to 2016, following her role as vice chair from 2010 to 2015.

In 2014, Forbes rated Burns as the 22nd most powerful woman in the world.

Rochester Institute of Technology
The Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT) is a private research university in Henrietta, New York, United States, a suburb of Rochester. It was founded in 1829. It is one of only two institutes of technology in New York state, the other being the New York Institute of Technology.

RIT enrolls about 21,000 students, of whom 18,000 are undergraduate and 3,000 are graduate students. These students come from all 50 states in the United States and more than 100 countries. The university has more than 4,000 faculty and staff. It also has branches abroad in Croatia, Kosovo,  and the United Arab Emirates. The university is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".
2018 National Premier Leagues
The 2018 National Premier Leagues was the sixth season of the Australian National Premier Leagues football competition. The league competition was played amongst eight separate divisions, divided by FFA state and territory member federations. The divisions are ACT, NSW, Northern NSW, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria and Western Australia. The winners of each respective divisional league competed in a finals playoff tournament at season end, culminating in a Grand Final.

Campbelltown City were crowned National Premier Leagues Champions and qualified directly for the 2019 FFA Cup Round of 32.

National Premier Leagues Western Australia
The National Premier Leagues Western Australia (NPL WA) is a regional Australian semi-professional soccer league comprising teams from Western Australia. As a subdivision of the National Premier Leagues, the league is the highest level of the Western Australian league system (Level 2 of the overall Australian league system). The competition is administered by Football West, the governing body of the sport in the state. In 2014, the league – formerly known as the Football West State League Premier Division – was rebranded into what exists today.
Battle of Sievierodonetsk (2022)
The Battle of Sievierodonetsk was a military engagement in the wider battle of Donbas of the eastern Ukraine campaign during the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

The city of Sievierodonetsk acted as the administrative center of unoccupied Luhansk Oblast prior to the invasion. By May 2022, Sievierodonetsk and the neighbouring city of Lysychansk were the only notable parts of the oblast that remained under Ukrainian control.

By 14 June 2022, Russian forces had gained control of most of the city and cut off most escape routes. On 24 June 2022, Ukrainian units were ordered to retreat from the city and the next day Russian and pro-Russian separatist forces fully captured Sievierodonetsk. The Russian advance continued against Lysychansk, which fell in early July.

The Battle of Sievierodonetsk was marked by fierce urban combat and has been described as one of the war's bloodiest. Around 90% of the city's buildings were destroyed or damaged.

Hirske
Hirske (Ukrainian: Гірське, pronounced [ɦirˈsʲkɛ]; Russian: Горское, romanized: Gorskoye) is a city in Sievierodonetsk Raion, Luhansk Oblast, eastern Ukraine. It is the administrative center of Hirske urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Its pre-war population was 9,100 (2022 estimate).

Before 1938, it was named Hirsko-Ivanivsk (Ukrainian: Гірсько-Іванівськ). During the Russo-Ukrainian War, it has been a site of protracted violence, and was eventually captured by Russian and proxy forces during the 2022 full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine.
2020 Virginia Question 1
The 2020 Virginia Question 1, also known as the Virginia Redistricting Commission Amendment was a proposed amendment to the Virginia Constitution to establish a political commission in order to draw the districts of the U.S House of Representatives seats in Virginia, as well as the districts of the Virginia House of Delegates and State Senate. The amendment was on the November 3 ballot. According to a Christopher Newport University poll over 70% of Virginians support redistricting reform. The amendment shifted the power of redistricting from the Virginia General Assembly to a political commission composed of four members from the Virginia Senate, with two from each party; four members from the Virginia House of Delegates, with two from each party; and eight other citizens of Virginia. The amendment passed with 65.69% of the vote, winning a majority of support in every county and independent city with the exception of Arlington County, Virginia.

Christopher Newport University
Christopher Newport University (CNU) is a public university in Newport News, Virginia, United States. It was founded in 1960 as Christopher Newport College, an extension school of the College of William and Mary for mid-career working professionals, members of the military, and non-traditional students in and around the Newport News area of the Hampton Roads region. The university has since expanded into a residential college for traditional students.

It is named after Christopher Newport, captain of one of the ships which carried settlers of Jamestown, the first permanent English settlement in North America.
Pankaj Khadya Bhandar
Pankaj Khadya Bhandar (Nepali: पंकज खाद्य भण्डार) is a wholesale trading company based in Birendranagar, Surkhet District, Nepal. Established in 2005 AD, it is one of the oldest and largest wholesalers of rice, pulses, edible oils, and related commodities in Karnali Province.

Karnali Province
Karnali Province (Nepali: कर्णाली प्रदेश, romanized: Karṇālī pradēśa) is one of the seven federal provinces of Nepal formed by the new constitution, which was adopted on 20 September 2015. The total area of the province is 27,984 square kilometres (10,805 mi2), making it the largest province in Nepal with 18.97% of the country's area. According to the 2011 Nepal census, the population of the province was 1,570,418, making it the least populous province in Nepal. The province borders the Tibet Autonomous Region of China to the north, Gandaki Province to the east, Sudurpashchim Province to the west, and Lumbini Province to the south. Birendranagar with a population of 154,886 is both the province's capital and largest city.
Hraunhafnartangi
Hraunhafnartangi (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈr̥œynˌhapnarˌtʰauɲcɪ], lit. 'Lava Harbor Ness') is the second northernmost point of mainland Iceland and was believed to be the northernmost point until 2016 when it lost that title to the close by Rifstangi which was found to exceed it by 68 metres. It is notable for the Hraunhafnartangi Lighthouse.

Rifstangi
The Rifstangi ([ˈrɪfsˌtʰauɲcɪ]) is a small peninsula in northeast Iceland, located on the larger Melrakkaslétta [ˈmɛlˌrahkaˌstljɛhta] peninsula. It is the northernmost tip of mainland Iceland.

In 2015, it recorded the shortest day in Iceland at 2 hours 14 minutes.
French War Memorial (Puducherry)
The French War Memorial in Puducherry, India (French: Monument aux Combattants des Indes Françaises morts pour la Patrie) is a
war memorial dedicated to residents of French India who died for the country during the First World War. It is on Goubert Avenue in Puducherry, located opposite to the Gandhi statue.

French India
French India, formally the Établissements français dans l'Inde (English: French Settlements in India), was a French colony comprising five geographically separated enclaves on the Indian subcontinent that had initially been factories of the French East India Company. They were de facto incorporated into the Republic of India in 1950 and 1954. The enclaves were Pondichéry, Karikal, Yanaon on the Coromandel Coast, Mahé on the Malabar Coast and Chandernagor in Bengal. The French also possessed several loges ('lodges', tiny subsidiary trading stations) inside other towns, but after 1816, the British denied all French claims to these, which were not reoccupied.

By 1950, the total area measured 510 km2 (200 sq mi), of which 293 km2 (113 sq mi) belonged to the territory of Pondichéry. In 1936, the population of the colony totalled 298,851 inhabitants, of which 63% (187,870) lived in the territory of Pondichéry.
Derek Joseph
Derek Joseph TJ (13 November 1945 – 29 July 2021) was a Pakistani military officer of Armenian descent, and a veteran of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, accredited with destroying seven Indian tanks on the West Punjab front. He was awarded Tamgha-i-Jurat for his actions during the war. After the war, Joseph chose to be sent on a Pakistani deputation to the United Arab Emirates Armed Forces, where he served for three years before returning to Pakistan. He retired in the rank of Lieutenant Colonel.

thumb

Thumb
The thumb is the first digit of the hand, next to the index finger. When a person is standing in the medical anatomical position (where the palm is facing to the front), the thumb is the outermost digit. The Medical Latin English noun for thumb is pollex (compare hallux for big toe), and the corresponding adjective for thumb is pollical.
Ingiri
Ingiri (ინგირი) is a village in Zugdidi Municipality, Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti, Georgia. The Oireme village belongs to the community. It is situated on Odishi-Guria plain, 4 km from the city of Zugdidi, 65 m above sea level. In the village there is a railway station on the Senaki–Zugdidi line. In the village there are kiwifruit plantations.

Odishi-Guria plain
The Odishi-Guria plain also known as Odishi-Guria lowland  and Odishi Plateau (Georgian: ოდიშის ვაკე) is a plain in the middle part of Samegrelo in western Georgia from the bottom of the Egrisi Range to the northern edge of the Colchis lowland. To the south, it is bordered by the Urta-Bis and Unagiri lakes, partly limestone, brachytic-clastic, hillsides. Odishi Plateau height is in the range 150–450 m.
Okhotnichy
Okhotnichy (Russian: Охотничий; masculine), Okhotnichya (Охотничья; feminine), or Okhotnichye (Охотничье; neuter) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Okhotnichy, Primorsky Krai (or Okhotnichye), a selo in Pozharsky District of Primorsky Krai

Okhotnichy, Udmurt Republic, a village in Staroutchansky Selsoviet of Alnashsky District in the Udmurt Republic

Okhotnichye, Republic of Crimea, a settlement under the administrative jurisdiction of the town of republic significance of Yalta in the Republic of Crimea

Okhotnichye, Kaliningrad Oblast, a settlement in Mozyrsky Rural Okrug of Pravdinsky District in Kaliningrad Oblast

Okhotnyche
Okhotnyche (Ukrainian: Охотниче; Russian: Охотничье; Crimean Tatar: Ohotniçye) is a rural settlement in the Yalta Municipality of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, a territory recognized by a majority of countries as part of Ukraine and annexed by Russia as the Republic of Crimea.

Okhotnyche is the highest located settlement in Crimea, at an elevation of 1,160 metres (3,810 ft). The settlement is located on the Ai-Petri mountain 19 km (12 mi) southwest from Livadiya, which it is administratively subordinate to. Its population was 34 in the 2001 Ukrainian census. Current population: 17 (2014 Census).
Commission of rebellion
In old English law, a commission of rebellion, or writ of rebellion, was a process of contempt on the nonappearance of a defendant. It was issued out when a man, after proclamation issued out of the chancery, or the exchequer, and made by the sheriff, to present himself, under pain of his allegiance, to the court by a certain day, does not appear.

English law
English law is the common law legal system of England and Wales, comprising mainly criminal law and civil law, each branch having its own courts and procedures. The judiciary is independent, and legal principles like fairness, equality before the law, and the right to a fair trial are foundational to the system.
Xizhimen station
Xizhimen station (simplified Chinese: 西直门站; traditional Chinese: 西直門站; pinyin: Xīzhímén zhàn) is an interchange station for Line 2, Line 4 and Line 13 of the Beijing Subway. Just outside this station is Beijing North railway station.
Line 2 opened on September 20, 1984; Line 13 opened on January 28, 2003; and Line 4 opened on September 28, 2009. With the addition of Line 13 and Line 4, Xizhi Men Station became the second 3-way transfer station (the first was Dongzhimen Station, being the intersection of Line 2, Line 13, and Airport Express). With a peak daily ridership of over 770,000 passengers, Xizhi Men Station is also one of the most crowded stations of the whole Beijing Subway system. It sees over 170,000 transfers per day between the 3 lines serving the station.

Interchange station
An interchange station or a transfer station is a train station for more than one railway route in a public transport system that allows passengers to change from one route to another, often without having to leave a station or pay an additional fare.

Transfer may occur within the same mode, or between rail modes, or to buses (for stations with bus termini attached). Such stations usually have more platforms than single route stations. These stations can exist in either commercial centers or on the city outskirts in residential areas. Cities typically plan for land use around interchange stations for development. Passengers may be required to pay extra fare for the interchange if they leave a paid area.
Katsue Miwa
Katsue Miwa (三輪 勝恵, Miwa Katsue; October 12, 1943 – June 19, 2024) was a Japanese voice actress from Osaka affiliated with the studio Aoni Production. She began her career in 1960 and had starred in a number of voice-over roles for various anime, video games, films, and television commercials.

Aoni Production
Aoni Production Co. Ltd. (株式会社青二プロダクション, Kabushiki-gaisha Aoni Purodakushon) is a Japanese talent agency representing a fair number of voice actors and other Japanese entertainers. It was founded in 1969 by Susumu Kubo.
Luc Tangorre
Luc Tangorre (born 1959), known as the Marseille Southern Districts Rapist, is a French serial rapist whose crimes were highly publicized in France. He has been sentenced twice, the first time in 1983, to 15 years imprisonment for nine sexual assaults and rapes committed in Marseille.

He was partially pardoned for these acts by the then-president, François Mitterrand, in 1987. Five years later, Tangorre was convicted of raping two American students and resentenced to 18 years imprisonment. In 2019, he was sentenced to an additional to three and a half years for sexually assaulting three minors.

Serial rapist
A serial rapist is someone who commits multiple rapes, whether with multiple victims or a single victim repeatedly over a period of time. Some serial rapists target children. The terms sexual predator, repeat rape and multiple offending can also be used to describe the activities of those who commit a number of consecutive rapes, but remain unprosecuted when self-reported in research. Others will commit their assaults in prisons.

In some instances, a group of serial rapists will work together.  These rapists can have a pattern of behavior that is sometimes used to predict their activities and aid in their arrest and conviction. Serial rapists also differ from one-time offenders because "serial rapists more often involved kidnapping, verbally and physically threatening the victims, and using or threatening the use of weapons."
Cathy Muñoz
Catherine Norah Muñoz (née Engstrom;  born June 23, 1964) is an American politician who was a Republican member of the Alaska House of Representatives, who from 2009 to 2017 represented the 34th District. She served as Co-Chair of the Community and Regional Affairs Committee, Vice-Chair of the Education Committee, and served two terms on the House Finance Committee. She served as Co-Chair of the Community & Regional Affairs Committee and Vice-Chair of the Education Committee. Muñoz has been a small business owner since 1988. She was appointed by Governor Michael J. Dunleavy in 2018 to serve as the Deputy Commissioner of the Alaska Department of Labor and Workforce Development. Muñoz was a third-generation member of the Alaska Legislature. Her father served in the Alaska House and Senate, her grandfather as the mayor of Douglas, Alaska and in the Territorial and State Senates, and her grandmother served in the Territorial House.

Territory of Alaska
The Territory of Alaska or Alaska Territory was an organized incorporated territory of the United States from August 24, 1912, until Alaska was granted statehood on January 3, 1959. The territory was previously Russian America, 1784–1867; the Department of Alaska, 1867–1884; and the District of Alaska, 1884–1912.
Rookie Blue season 5
The fifth season of Rookie Blue premiered on May 19, 2014, on Global. This season was originally going to be the first part of this season before it was announced that the first half have been rebranded as a single season.

Adam MacDonald
William Adam MacDonald (born April 26, 1977) is a Canadian actor, writer, and director. He is known for portraying Josh MacIntosh on the CBC show Being Erica, Peter McGregor on Wild Roses, and Detective Steve Peck on Rookie Blue, and for his guest-starring roles in several other shows, including Murdoch Mysteries and Republic of Doyle.

MacDonald's writing and directing work includes the horror films Backcountry (2014) and Pyewacket (2017), both of which premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival, and the third season of the anthology horror television series Slasher (2019).
Sangre de Cristo Pass
Sangre de Cristo Pass, elevation 9,468-foot (2,886 m), is a mountain pass in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains of the U.S. State of Colorado.  The pass is located immediately north of U.S. Highway 160 one half mile (800 m) northwest of North La Veta Pass.  The pass separates Costilla County from Huerfano County, the Rio Grande drainage basin from the Arkansas River basin, and the headwaters of Sangre de Cristo Creek from those of Oak Creek.

Sangre de Cristo Pass was a popular early route between the Rio Grande and the Arkansas River for native peoples, trappers, and traders.  The pass was the site of the Spanish Fort of 1819, the only permanent structure built by the Spanish government in the Mountain West north of the present State of New Mexico.

Huerfano County, Colorado
Huerfano County (/ˈwɛərfənoʊ/ WAIR-fə-noh;  Spanish pronunciation: [ˈweɾfano]) is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. As of the 2020 census, the population was 6,820. The county seat is Walsenburg.  The county, whose name comes from the Spanish huérfano meaning "orphan", was named for the Huerfano Butte, a local landmark. The area of Huerfano County boomed early in the 1900s with the discovery of large coal deposits. After large scale World War II coal demand ended in the 1940s Walsenburg and Huerfano saw a steady economic decline through 2015.
Gürağaç, Artuklu
Gürağaç (Kurdish: Derduk) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Artuklu, Mardin Province in Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds of the Surgucu tribe and had a population of 49 in 2021.

Artuklu
Artuklu (Kurdish: Ertuqî; Turoyo: ܐܪܬܘܟܠܘ, romanized: Artoklo; Arabic: الأرتقية) is a municipality and district of Mardin Province, Turkey. Its area is 885 km2, and its population is 189,769 (2022). It encompasses the city of Mardin and the adjacent countryside to the north and southeast.