hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Beatty (surname)
Beatty is a surname of Scottish and Irish origin. In some cases, it was derived from the given name Bartholomew, which had diminutives including Bate or Baty. Male descendants were then often called Beatty, or similar derivations like Beattie or Beatey.

In Ireland, the name may be an Anglicization of the surname mac a'Bhiadhtaigh, which was derived from  Irish biadhtach "one who held land on condition of supplying food (biad) to those billeted on him by a chief". Another Irish surname, Betagh – with a similar etymology, "public victualler" or "hospitaller" – may also have been Anglicized as Beatty or Beattie.

Victualler
A victualler (pronounced /ˈvɪt(ə)lə/) is traditionally a person who supplies food, beverages and other provisions for the crew of a vessel at sea.

There are a number of other more particular uses of the term, such as:

The official supplier of food to the Royal Navy in the 18th and 19th century was the Victualling Board. A victualler was a supply ship at the time.

An alternative term for a sutler, a person who sells provisions to an army.

A licensed victualler, a formal name for the landlord of a public house or similar licensed establishment.

In Ireland, victualler is a term for a butcher.
Law of dilution
Wilhelm Ostwald’s dilution law is a relationship proposed in 1888 between the dissociation constant Kd and the degree of dissociation α of a weak electrolyte. The law takes the form

Where the square brackets denote concentration, and c0 is the total concentration of electrolyte.

Using , where  is the molar conductivity at concentration c and  is the limiting value of molar conductivity extrapolated to zero concentration or infinite dilution, this results in the following relation:

Extrapolation
In mathematics, extrapolation is a type of estimation, beyond the original observation range, of the value of a variable on the basis of its relationship with another variable. It is similar to interpolation, which produces estimates between known observations, but extrapolation is subject to greater uncertainty and a higher risk of producing meaningless results. Extrapolation may also mean extension of a method, assuming similar methods will be applicable. Extrapolation may also apply to human experience to project, extend, or expand known experience into an area not known or previously experienced. By doing so, one makes an assumption of the unknown (for example, a driver may extrapolate road conditions beyond what is currently visible and these extrapolations may be correct or incorrect). The extrapolation method can be applied in the interior reconstruction problem.
Dost Ali Khan
Ali Dost Khan (died 20 May 1740), often referred to as Dost Ali Khan, was the Nawab of the Carnatic from 1732 to 1740. He was the son of Ghulam Ali Khan, brother of the Nawab Saadatullah Khan. His childless uncle adopted him as heir, and he succeeded his uncle in 1732, he successfully gained the investiture and an official Firman by the Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah.

Ali Dost Khan was killed on 20 May 1740 in the Battle of Damalcherry with Raghoji I Bhonsle of the Maratha Empire.

Firman
A firman (Persian: فرمان, romanized: farmān; Turkish: ferman), at the constitutional level, was a royal mandate or decree issued by a sovereign in an Islamic state. During various periods such firmans were collected and applied as traditional bodies of law. The English word firman comes from the Persian farmān meaning "decree" or "order".
Milakovka
Milakovka (Russian: Милаковка) is a rural locality (Russian: деревня, lit. 'village') in Verkhnekhotemlsky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Fatezhsky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. The population as of the 2010 census is 57.

Kursk Oblast
Kursk Oblast (Russian: Курская область, romanized: Kurskaya oblastʹ, IPA: [ˈkurskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Kursk. As of the 2021 census, Kursk Oblast had a population of 1,082,458.
ThouShaltNot
ThouShaltNot were an American electronic band formed in 1998. Their core lineup consisted of Alex Reed, Aaron Fuleki, and Jeremy Long. The band's musical style blended elements of post-punk, gothic rock, industrial, and synthpop. Based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, they were signed to Dancing Ferret Discs. The group released four studio albums before disbanding in 2013, with Reed and Fuleki continuing to record music under the name Seeming.

Electronic Saviors: Industrial Music to Cure Cancer
Electronic Saviors is a series of cancer charity industrial music compilations of exclusive tracks and mixes compiled by Jim Semonik of Red Lokust and Rein[Forced], mastered by Da5id Din and later by Wade Allin, and released through Distortion Productions and Metropolis Records. It is heavily promoted through various shows, through radio airplay, podcasts, and via trailers. As of 2019, the collections had raised more than $114,000 for various cancer related charities, and had received an award from the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons (ASCRS).

According to Semonik, Electronic Saviors  was inspired by There Is No Time, a compilation of the industrial music scene released by Ras Dva in 1995.

In 2017 the first spin-off album was released and in 2018 the first music video of an Electronic Saviors track debuted on Regen Magazine's website.

The sixth entry in the series was released on June 12, 2020. Five years later, volume seven, ReUnion, was released on May 2, 2025.
Ottawa District
The Ottawa District was a historic district in Upper Canada which existed until 1849. It was created in 1816 by splitting the counties of Prescott and Russell from the Eastern District. The district town was L'Orignal.

In 1838 Gloucester township from Russell County was transferred to a new Dalhousie District.

In 1849, the district was replaced by the United Counties of Prescott and Russell.

Gloucester, Ontario
Gloucester (/ˈɡlɒstər/ GLOST-ər) is a former municipality and now geographic area of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Located east of Ottawa's inner core, it was an independent city until amalgamated with the Regional Municipality of Ottawa–Carleton in 2001 to become the new city of Ottawa. The population of Gloucester is about 150,012 people (2021 Census).
Chiharu Icho
Chiharu Icho (伊調 千春, Ichō Chiharu; born October 6, 1981 in Hachinohe, Aomori) is a Japanese wrestler who competed in the 48 kg weight class at the 2004 and 2008 Summer Olympics, winning the silver medal at both Games.

Her younger sister Kaori is also a wrestler who competed in the 63 kg weight class at the 2004, 2008, 2012 and 2016 Summer Olympics, winning the gold medal on four occasions.

Chiharu has won the Asian championship twice and the World Championships three times.

Wrestling at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Women's freestyle 63 kg
Women's freestyle 63 kilograms competition at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China, was held on August 17 at the China Agricultural University Gymnasium.

This freestyle wrestling competition consisted of a single-elimination tournament, with a repechage used to determine the winner of two bronze medals. The two finalists faced off for gold and silver medals. Each wrestler who lost to one of the two finalists moved into the repechage, culminating in a pair of bronze medal matches featuring the semifinal losers each facing the remaining repechage opponent from their half of the bracket.

Each bout consisted of up to three rounds, lasting two minutes apiece. The wrestler who scored more points in each round was the winner of that rounds; the bout finished when one wrestler had won two rounds (and thus the match).
BECAUSE (conference)
BECAUSE (Bisexual Empowerment Conference: A Uniting, Supportive Experience) is an annual, national conference for the bisexual community and other bi+ people that takes place in the Twin Cities in Minnesota. It was founded in 1992. It has been organized by the Bisexual Organizing Project since 1999. The conference is "dedicated to building an empowered bisexual, pansexual, fluid, queer, and unlabeled (bi+) community." It is the longest-running and largest conference for bi+ people in the United States.

Gender fluidity
Gender fluidity (commonly referred to as genderfluid) is a non-fixed gender identity that shifts over time or depending on the situation. These fluctuations can occur at the level of gender identity or gender expression. A genderfluid person may fluctuate among different gender expressions over their lifetime, or express multiple aspects of various gender markers simultaneously. Genderfluid individuals may identify as non-binary, transgender, or cisgender (meaning they identify with the gender associated with their sex assigned at birth).

Gender fluidity is different from gender-questioning, a process in which people explore their gender in order to find their true gender identity and adjust their gender expression accordingly. Gender fluidity continues throughout lives of genderfluid people. Someone who identifies as genderfluid can use any pronouns they choose.
NetBoot
NetBoot was a technology from Apple which enabled Macs with capable firmware (i.e. New World ROM) to boot from a network, rather than a local hard disk or optical disc drive. NetBoot is a derived work from the Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP), and is similar in concept to the Preboot Execution Environment. The technology was announced as a part of the original version of Mac OS X Server at Macworld Expo on 5 January 1999. NetBoot has continued to be a core systems management technology for Apple, and has been adapted to support modern Mac Intel machines. NetBoot, USB, and FireWire are some of the external volume options for operating system re-install. NetBoot is not supported on newer Macs with the T2 security chip or Apple silicon.

Optical disc drive
In computing, an optical disc drive (ODD) is a disc drive that uses laser light or electromagnetic waves within or near the visible light spectrum as part of the process of reading or writing data to or from optical discs. Some drives can only read from certain discs, while other drives can both read and record. Those drives are called burners or writers since they physically burn the data onto the discs. Compact discs, DVDs, and Blu-ray discs are common types of optical media which can be read and recorded by such drives.

Although most laptop manufacturers no longer have optical drives bundled with their products, external drives are still available for purchase separately.
Bill Francis (rugby league)
William Lloyd Francis (23 September 1947 – 17 February 2024) was an English-born professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s. He played at representative level for Great Britain, Wales and Yorkshire, and at club level for Wigan, St. Helens, Oldham and Salford, as a fullback, wing, centre or stand-off.

Widnes Vikings
The Widnes Vikings are an English rugby league club in Widnes, Cheshire, which competes in the Championship. The club plays home matches at DCBL Stadium. Founded as Widnes Football Club, they are one of the original twenty-two rugby clubs that formed the Northern Rugby Football Union in 1895. Their historic nickname is "The Chemics" after the main industry in Widnes, but now they use their modern nickname, "The Vikings".

The club enjoyed a period of success in the 1970s, 1980s, and early 1990s, and were frequently described as "Cup Kings" reaching the Challenge Cup Final 7 times in 10 years between 1975 and 1984. In 1989, after winning their third Rugby League Premiership, Widnes became the first official World Club Champions by beating the Australian champions Canberra Raiders 30–18 at Old Trafford. They have a strong local rivalry with Warrington Wolves.
Sergey Menyaylo
Sergey Ivanovich Menyaylo (Russian: Сергей Иванович Меняйло; born 22 August 1960) is a Russian military figure and statesman. He has been Head of the Republic of North Ossetia since 9 April 2021.

Deputy commander of the Black Sea Fleet between 2009 and 2011. He served as the Governor of Sevastopol between 2014 and 2016, but left the post when he was appointed to be a Presidential Envoy to the Siberian Federal District (2016—2021).

He has the military rank of Vice admiral and the federal state civilian service rank of 1st class Active State Councillor of the Russian Federation.

1st class Active State Councillor of the Russian Federation
1st class Active State Councillor of the Russian Federation (Russian: действительный государственный советник Российской Федерации 1 класса) is the highest federal state civilian service rank of Russia.

The rank of the 1st class Active State Councillor of the Russian Federation was first introduced with enactment of the Federal Law of 31 July 1995 No.119-FZ "About fundamentals of state service of Russian Federation" (as qualification class) and was retained with enactment of the Federal Law of 27 July 2004 No.79-FZ "About state civilian service of Russian Federation" (as state civilian service rank).

The rank is assigned by the President of Russia. This rank is one step above the rank of 2nd class Active State Councillor of the Russian Federation.

According to the Table approved by the Presidential Decree of 1 February 2005 No.113, the rank of the 1st class Active State Councillor of the Russian Federation is equal to the military rank of the Army general/Fleet admiral.
Annoncée Manirarora
Annoncée Manirarora (born June 30, 1976) is a Rwandan politician, currently a member of the Chamber of Deputies in the Parliament of Rwanda.

Manirarora is a member of the Rwandan Patriotic Front. Her province is the Western Province and her district is Ngororero District.

Manirarora previously worked for the United Nations and has a M.S. in Genocide Studies and Prevention.

Western Province, Rwanda
Western Province (Kinyarwanda: Intara y'Iburengerazuba; French: Province de l'Ouest; Dutch: West-provincie) is one of Rwanda's five provinces. It was created in early January 2006 as part of a government decentralization program that re-organized the country's local government structures.

Western Province comprises the former provinces of Cyangugu, Gisenyi, Kibuye, and a small portion of Ruhengeri. It is divided into the districts of Karongi, Nyabihu, Rubavu, Rusizi, Ngororero, Nyamasheke, and Rutsiro. The capital city of Western Province is Kibuye.
Abhigyan Jha
Abhigyan Jha is an Indian film screenwriter, producer, director, writer and entrepreneur who has worked predominantly in Hindi film and television industry. He has written story for  film Krishna Cottage (2004), Phir Zindagi and TV show, Tum Bin Jaaoon Kahaan,  and made his directorial debut with Sacred Evil – A True Story (2006). He is the creator and director of Jay Hind!, exclusively made for the Internet. He also directed and produced the late-night talk show Movers & Shakers for Sony.

He is the co-founder of Undercover Utopia. He is also a co-founder of ProMytheUs, a machine learning talent discovery platform.

His latest directorial venture is the groundbreaking science fiction series Janani – AI Ki Kahani (2024) on Dangal TV, acclaimed for its unprecedented action sequences and VFX showcasing robots and artificial intelligence. He also produced Qayaamat Se Qayaamat Tak (2024) in collaboration with BBC for Colors TV and both shows garnered awards at ITA 2024

Qayaamat Se Qayaamat Tak
Qayaamat Se Qayaamat Tak (transl. From apocalypse to apocalypse) is an Indian Hindi-language television romantic drama series that premiered from 29 January 2024 to 24 May 2024 on Colors TV and streams digitally on JioCinema. Based on the novel November Rain, by Abhigyan Jha, the series starred Trupti Mishra and Karam Rajpal.
Richard Chaplow
Richard David Chaplow (born 2 February 1985) is an English professional football coach and former player who was most recently the head coach of USL Championship side Orange County SC.

Chaplow was a product of the Burnley academy and made his professional debut for the club in April 2003. He joined West Bromwich Albion in 2005. In 2006, Chaplow joined Southampton on loan. He moved to Preston North End in 2008 and had another loan spell with Southampton in 2010 before joining the club permanently a year later. In 2013, Chaplow initially joined Millwall on loan before joining the club permanently. He had a loan spell with Ipswich Town in 2015 before moving to Doncaster Rovers. Chaplow joined Orange County SC in July 2016. He represented his country at youth levels.

In August 2021, Chaplow was named interim head coach of Orange County SC before becoming the permanent head coach in November 2021. He was dismissed from this role in May 2023.

Burnley F.C. Academy
Burnley F.C. Academy are the youth teams of Burnley Football Club. The under-21s currently play in the first level of reserve football in England, the U21 Professional Development League. The team mainly consists of players under the age of 21 at the club, but does occasionally include first team players. Burnley's under-18s also play in the first level of academy football in England, the U18 Professional Development League.
Frogmore Plantation Complex
The Frogmore Plantation Complex, located on Saint Helena Island, in Beaufort County, South Carolina, is significant for several reasons. First, the plantation home, along with its contributing properties (i.e. pump house, barn, windmill/water tower), offers an excellent example of the area's architectural development from 1790 to 1920. Second, the plantation's long association with prominent families contributes to its significance. The plantation was first owned by Lieutenant Governor William Bull, who then willed it to his son in 1750.

After the Civil War, the house was purchased by two northern missionaries — Miss Laura Matilda Towne and Miss Ellen Murray — who founded the historic Penn School, located within the Penn Center. The Frogmore Plantation Complex was listed in the National Historic Register on May 26, 1989.

Beaufort County, South Carolina
Beaufort County (/ˈbjuːfərt/ BEW-fərt) is a county in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2020 census, its population was 187,117. Its county seat is Beaufort and its largest community is Hilton Head Island.

Beaufort County is part of the Hilton Head Island-Bluffton-Port Royal metropolitan statistical area. It is one of the South's fastest-growing counties, primarily because of development south of the Broad River clustered along the U.S. Highway 278 corridor. The county's northern portions also have grown steadily, due in part to the strong federal military presence around the city of Beaufort. The county's two portions are connected by the Broad River Bridge, which carries South Carolina Highway 170. Beaufort County has been identified as the most at-risk county in the contiguous United States for combined damage from climate change in the medium term, largely due to high wet-bulb temperatures, economic and farm crop damages, and sea-level rise.
Paul Barnett (video game designer)
Paul Barnett is an English game designer who is a Global Product Director at Wargaming, working on their game World of Tanks. Before that he worked at Electronic Arts' Office of the Chief Creative Officer and was the General Manager of Mythic Entertainment, a subsidiary of EA. Barnett had a lead role in developing EA's Warhammer Online MMO in Europe.

Mythic Entertainment
Mythic Entertainment (formerly BioWare Mythic, EA Mythic, Inc., and Interworld Productions) was an American video game developer based in Fairfax, Virginia that was most widely recognized for developing the 2001 massively multiplayer online role-playing game Dark Age of Camelot. Mythic was a prolific creator of multiplayer online games following its establishment in the mid-1990s.

On May 29, 2014, Electronic Arts announced it would be "closing the EA Mythic location in Fairfax", effectively winding down all the studio's operations. Despite the studio's closure, Dark Age of Camelot will continue to be supported by ex-Mythic staff under a new studio, Broadsword, which is also responsible for maintaining Ultima Online. As of 2025, the name remains a registered trademark of EA.
Nyråd
Nyråd is a town and satellite community to Vordingborg with a population of 2,524 (1 January 2025). It is located in Vordingborg Municipality 4 km east of central Vordingborg in Region Zealand in Denmark.

Vordingborg Municipality
Vordingborg Municipality (Danish: Vordingborg Kommune, Danish pronunciation: [ˌvɒːte̝ŋˈpɒˀ]) is a kommune in the Sjælland Region, which is on the southeast coast of the island of Zealand in south Denmark. It was established in 2007. The municipality covers an area of 621 km2. It has a total population of 45,057 (2025). Its fourth and current mayor is Mikael Smed of the Social Democrats, who was elected in 2017, replacing Michael Seiding Larsen of the agrarian-liberal Venstre party.

The municipality takes its name from the town of the same name.
Karsten Sørensen
Karsten Steen Sørensen (born February 4, 1948) is a Danish former handball player who competed in the 1972 Summer Olympics.

He played his club handball with Aarhus KFUM. In 1972 he was part of the Denmark men's national handball team which finished thirteenth in the 1972 Olympic tournament. He played two matches and scored five goals.

Aarhus Håndbold
Aarhus Håndbold was a handball club from Aarhus, Denmark. The club was founded in 2001 originally under the name Århus GF, as an extension of the traditional Aarhus clubs AGF, Brabrand IF, VRI and Århus KFUM/YMCA / Hasle. AGF chose in 2010 to withdraw from the superstructure, and the club was renamed from AGF Håndbold to Aarhus Håndbold. The home arena of Aarhus Håndbold was Ceres Arena.

The club struggled in the last year of its existence with economic problems and in April 2021 the club was declared bankrupt. In connection with this all the players from Aarhus Håndbold were released and Århus Håndbold merged with the neighbors from Skanderborg Håndbold under the name Skanderborg Aarhus Håndbold. In June 2023 AGF re-entered the project and bought 50% of the shares in the club, and the club was renamed Skanderborg AGF Håndbold.

In 2013 they won the Danish Super Cup.
Gerard Marino
Gerard Kendrick Marino (born April 1, 1968) is a film and video game score composer, most notably contributing heavily to the Greek mythology-based games of the God of War series.

In the God of War series, his work is featured on the soundtracks of God of War (2005), God of War II (2007), God of War: Chains of Olympus (2008), God of War III, and God of War: Ghost of Sparta (both 2010). Bear McCreary, who took over as music composer beginning with 2018's God of War, which transitioned the series to Norse mythology, would make use of Marino's themes in God of War Ragnarök's (2022) downloadable content pack, Valhalla, which released in December 2023. For God of War II, Marino was nominated for a BAFTA Award. He also worked on Activision games, such as Gun, Spider-Man: Edge of Time, and The Amazing Spider-Man. He has also worked on several film and television series since 2000, generally listed as composing additional music for the soundtracks.

Gun (video game)
Gun is a 2005 Western-themed action-adventure video game developed by Neversoft and published by Activision for the PlayStation 2, Xbox, GameCube, Windows, and Xbox 360 as a launch title. The PlayStation Portable (PSP) version was released a year later under the title Gun: Showdown, this version features new side-missions, a multiplayer mode, and other additions that were not available in the console versions. The Xbox version had online support through the "Live Aware" feature. Gun is now supported on Insignia, a revival server for original Xbox games.

During its first month, the game sold 225,000 copies across the four console systems for which it was initially released. The game had sold over 1.4 million units in the United States as of October 2008. It was well received by game critics and won several awards, including GameSpy's Xbox 360 Action Game of the Year.