hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pashto grammar
Pashto is an S-O-V language with split ergativity. Adjectives come before nouns. Nouns and adjectives are inflected for gender (masc./fem.), number (sing./plur.), and case (direct, oblique, ablative and vocative). The verb system is very intricate with the following tenses: Present; simple past; past progressive; present perfect; and past perfect. In any of the past tenses (simple past, past progressive, present perfect, past perfect), Pashto is an ergative language; i.e., transitive verbs in any of the past tenses agree with the object of the sentence. The dialects show some non-standard grammatical features, some of which are archaisms or descendants of old forms.

In the following article stress is represented by the following markers over vowels: ә́, á, ā́, ú, ó, í and é.

Imperfective aspect
The imperfective (abbreviated NPFV, IPFV, or more ambiguously IMPV) is a grammatical aspect used to describe ongoing, habitual, repeated, or similar semantic roles, whether that situation occurs in the past, present, or future. Although many languages have a general imperfective, others have distinct aspects for one or more of its various roles, such as progressive, habitual, and iterative aspects. The imperfective contrasts with the perfective aspect, which is used to describe actions viewed as a complete whole.
Terminator Genisys (soundtrack)
Terminator Genisys: Music from the Motion Picture is the soundtrack album composed by Lorne Balfe for the 2015 film of the same name, directed by Alan Taylor, which is the fifth installment and a reboot of the Terminator franchise, taking the premise of the original film. The album was initially set to be scored by Christophe Beck, before Balfe replaced him. Hans Zimmer served as the executive producer of the film's soundtrack. The album featured 22 tracks, and was released on June 17, 2015, under the Skydance Media and Paramount Music labels.

Alan Taylor (director)
Alan Taylor (born January 13, 1959) is an American television director, film director, screenwriter, and television producer. He is best known for his work on television series such as The Sopranos, Sex and the City, Mad Men, and Game of Thrones. He also directed films such as Palookaville, Thor: The Dark World, Terminator Genisys, and The Many Saints of Newark.

In 2007, Taylor won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing for a Drama Series for The Sopranos episode "Kennedy and Heidi". In 2008 and 2018, he was also nominated in the same category for the Mad Men episode "Smoke Gets in Your Eyes" and the Game of Thrones episode "Beyond the Wall", respectively.
GNOME SoundConverter
GNOME SoundConverter is an unofficial GNOME-based free and open-source transcoder for digital audio files. It uses GStreamer for input and output files. It has multi threaded design and can also extract the audio from video files.

From many years ago, it is available in the repositories of many Linux distributions included Debian, Fedora, openSUSE, Ubuntu, Gentoo and Arch Linux.

GNOME
GNOME (/ɡəˈnoʊm, ˈnoʊm/) is a free and open-source desktop environment for Linux and other Unix-like operating systems. It is distributed as the default desktop environment of many major Linux distributions, including Debian, Fedora Linux, Ubuntu, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, and SUSE Linux Enterprise, and is the default in Oracle Solaris, a Unix operating system.

GNOME is developed by the GNOME Project, which is composed of both volunteers and paid contributors, the largest corporate contributor being Red Hat. It is an international project that aims to develop frameworks for software development, to program end-user applications based on these frameworks, and to coordinate efforts for the internationalization, localization, and accessibility of that software.

In 2023 and 2024, GNOME received €1,000,000 from Germany's Sovereign Tech Fund.
1874 Massachusetts legislature
The 95th Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1874 during the governorships of William B. Washburn and Thomas Talbot. George B. Loring served as president of the Senate and John E. Sanford served as speaker of the House.

Massachusetts Senate
The Massachusetts Senate is the upper house of the Massachusetts General Court, the bicameral state legislature of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The Senate comprises 40 elected members from 40 single-member senatorial districts in the state. All but one of the districts are named for the counties in which they are located (the "Cape and Islands" district covers Dukes, Nantucket, and parts of Barnstable counties). Senators serve two-year terms, without term limits. The Senate convenes in the Massachusetts State House in Boston, the state capital.
Form F-6
Form F-6 is used in the United States to register financial depository shares represented by American depositary receipts (ADRs) issued by a depositary against the deposit of the securities of a foreign issuer. These are essentially shares of a foreign company traded on U.S. exchanges; however, the price/liquidity is not directly tied to the ADRs foreign counterpart because they are two separate entities trading on different exchanges.

Form F-6 is mandated under the Securities Act of 1933 and is specifically designed for the registration of depositary shares evidenced by ADRs. These ADRs are issued by a U.S. depositary bank against the deposit of securities of a foreign issuer. The form ensures that the ADRs comply with U.S. securities regulations, providing transparency and protection for investors.

Exchange (organized market)
An exchange, bourse (/bʊərs/), trading exchange or trading venue is an organized market where people can buy and sell financial instruments, such as tradable securities, commodities, foreign exchange and derivative contracts.
1957 Grand National
The 1957 Grand National was the 111th renewal of the Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree near Liverpool, England, on 29 March 1957.

It was won by 20/1 shot Sundew, having led the field for much of the race. Sundew was ridden by jockey Fred Winter and trained by Frank Hudson. It was Winter's third attempt at winning the Grand National, and Sundew had run in the steeplechase twice before.

Thirty-five horses ran, including last year's winner E.S.B. all returned safely to the stables.

Fred Winter
Frederick Thomas Winter, CBE (20 September 1926 – 5 April 2004) was a British National Hunt racing racehorse jockey and trainer. He was British jump racing Champion Jockey four times and British jump racing Champion Trainer eight times. He is the only person to have won the Cheltenham Gold Cup, Champion Hurdle and Grand National as both jockey and trainer. Winter won the Grand National four times, as a jockey in 1957 (Sundew) and 1962 (Kilmore), and as a trainer in 1965 (Jay Trump) and 1966 (Anglo).

His most famous victory as a jockey was on Mandarin in the 1962 Grand Steeple-Chase de Paris at Auteuil.  His victory despite his illness, a broken bit and Mandarin breaking down in the last half-mile was voted the greatest ride ever in a 2006 Racing Post poll.  The race was listed in The Guardian as one of the greatest races ever.

As a jockey he rode a then-record 923 National Hunt winners before his retirement in 1964.
Plus Bus route 812
Plus Bus route 812 was a circuit bus route in Greater London, serving Finsbury and Islington. Unusually for a bus route entirely within London, it was tendered and subsidised by Islington London Borough Council rather than Transport for London, and operated under a London Service permit. For this reason, buses used on this route were in a yellow and white livery, rather than the usual full red, and it did not charge standard London fares. Oyster Cards were not accepted anywhere on the route, but Freedom Passes and walk-up cash fares were accepted. It was operated by HCT Group.

Despite the name, the route was not part of the Plusbus scheme.

Plusbus
Plusbus is an add-on ticket, which can be purchased with National Rail train tickets in the United Kingdom. It allows unlimited travel on participating bus and tram operators' services in the whole urban area of rail-served towns and cities.
Albert E. Rice
Albert E. Rice (September 24, 1845 – September 11, 1921) was an American banker, newspaperman, legislator, University of Minnesota regent, politician and the tenth Lieutenant Governor of Minnesota from Willmar. He served as a Republican from January 4, 1887, to January 5, 1891, under Governors Andrew Ryan McGill and William Rush Merriam.

He was in the Minnesota Senate for several terms, representing District 40 from 1874 to 1875, and again from 1878 to 1882, and District 36 from 1883 to 1886.

Rice gives his name to Rice Memorial Hospital in Willmar, a level 3 trauma center and the largest municipally owned hospital in Minnesota.

The Rice Mansion, Rice's former home, is located on the northern shore of Green Lake in Spicer and is a local landmark.

William Rush Merriam
William Rush Merriam (July 26, 1849 – February 18, 1931) was an American politician and banker. A Republican, he served as the eleventh governor of Minnesota from 1889 to 1893. He also served as the first director of the United States Census Bureau under President William Mckinley.
Koyil Kaalai
Koyil Kaalai (transl. Temple Bull) is a 1993 Indian Tamil-language action drama film directed and co-produced by Gangai Amaran. The film stars Vijayakanth, Kanaka and Sujatha. The music was composed by Ilaiyaraaja who also co-produced the film. It was released on 14 January 1993, during Pongal, and became a success in rural and semi-rural areas.

Kanaka (actress)
Kanaka Mahalakshmi Devadoss, known mononymously as Kanaka, is an Indian former actress who appeared in Tamil, Telugu and Malayalam language films. She is known of her role in her debut Tamil film Karakattakkaran (1989).
Dětmarovice
Dětmarovice (Czech pronunciation: [ˈɟɛtmaroˌvɪtsɛ] ⓘ; Polish: Dziećmorowice, German: Dittmarsdorf or Dittmannsdorf) is a municipality and village in Karviná District in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 4,500 inhabitants.

Fryštát
Fryštát (Czech: [ˈfrɪʃtaːt]; Polish: Frysztat [ˈfrɨʂtat] ⓘ; German: Freistadt [ˈfʁaɪʃtat] ⓘ; Cieszyn Silesian: Frysztotⓘ) is an administrative part of the city of Karviná in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. Until 1948 it was a separate town. It lies on the Olza River, in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia.
Chomba sea catfish
The Chomba sea catfish (Notarius osculus) is a species of catfish in the family Ariidae. It was described by David Starr Jordan and Charles Henry Gilbert in 1883, originally under the genus Arius. It inhabits coastal marine and brackish waters in Costa Rica and Panama. It reaches a maximum standard length of 28 cm (11 in).

Charles Henry Gilbert
Charles Henry Gilbert (December 5, 1859 in Rockford, Illinois – April 20, 1928 in Palo Alto, California) was a pioneer ichthyologist and fishery biologist of particular significance to natural history of the western United States. He collected and studied fishes from Central America north to Alaska and described many new species. Later he became an expert on Pacific salmon and was a noted conservationist of the Pacific Northwest. He is considered by many as the intellectual founder of American fisheries biology. He was one of the 22 "pioneer professors" (founding faculty) of Stanford University.
Listed buildings in Grosmont, North Yorkshire
Grosmont is a civil parish in the county of North Yorkshire, England.  It contains 15 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  Of these, one is listed at Grade II*, the middle of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.  The parish contains the village of Grosmont and the surrounding area.  In about 1835, the Whitby and Pickering Railway was built, passing through the parish, this was followed by the York and North Midland Railway in about 1845, and parts of these railways are now used by the North Yorkshire Moors Railway.  A number of buildings associated with the railways are listed, including the station, bridges, tunnels and a public house.  Later, a signal gantry was moved to the station site, and is listed.  The other listed buildings in the parish include houses, a road bridge, a farmhouse and outbuildings, and a church.

Whitby and Pickering Railway
The Whitby and Pickering Railway (W&P) was built to halt the gradual decline of the port of Whitby on the east coast of England.  Its basic industries—whaling and shipbuilding—had been in decline and it was believed that opening transport links inland would help regenerate the town and port.

Until the turnpike to Pickering was opened in 1759, Whitby was better connected to the rest of the country by sea than by land; even then the difficult climb over the high moors was an obstacle.  Stagecoach services did not start until 1795 and mail coaches (three a week) until 1823.

The Whitby and Pickering Railway opened in stages in 1836 (being one of the earliest railways in Yorkshire) and was worked by horses until it was absorbed into the York and North Midland Railway in 1845 and was converted into a conventional double tracked steam-worked railway.
Mario Martinez (painter)
Mario Martinez (born 1953) is a Native American contemporary abstract painter. He is a member of the Pascua Yaqui Tribe from New Penjamo (in Scottsdale), the smallest of six Yaqui settlements, in Arizona. He lives in New York City.

He is represented by Pippy Houldsworth Gallery, London, and Garth Greenan Gallery, New York.

Heard Museum
The Heard Museum is a private, not-for-profit museum in Phoenix, Arizona, United States, dedicated to the advancement of American Indian art. It presents the stories of American Indian people from a first-person perspective, as well as exhibitions of traditional and contemporary art by American Indian artists and artists influenced by American Indian art.

The main Phoenix location of the Heard Museum has been designated as a Phoenix Point of Pride.

The museum operated the Heard Museum West branch in Surprise which closed in 2009. The museum also operated the Heard Museum North Scottsdale branch in Scottsdale, Arizona, which closed in May 2014.
Philip Will Jr.
Philip Will Jr. FAIA (1906–1985) was an American architect in practice in Chicago from 1935 to 1980. He was cofounder of the global architectural firm Perkins&Will in 1935 and was president of the American Institute of Architects from 1960 to 1962.

Winnetka, Illinois
Winnetka (/wɪˈnɛtkə/) is a village in Cook County, Illinois, United States, 16 miles (26 km) north of downtown Chicago. The population was 12,508 as of the 2026 census. The village is one of the wealthiest places in the United States in terms of household income. It was the second-ranked Illinois community on Bloomberg's 2019 Richest Places Annual Index. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Winnetka's median household income exceeded $250,000 in 2023.
Winkie Wilkins
W. A. "Winkie" Wilkins is a former Democratic member of the North Carolina General Assembly. He represented the 2nd House District (including constituents in Granville and Person counties) from January 2013 until December 2014. Citing his health, Wilkins announced in 2014 that he would not seek another term in the legislature.

Previously, before legislative redistricting, Wilkins represented the 55th House district from 2004 through 2012. That district included constituents in Durham and Person counties.

Granville County, North Carolina
Granville County is a county located on the northern border of the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 60,992. Its county seat is Oxford. The county has access to Kerr Lake and Falls Lake and is part of the Roanoke, Tar and Neuse River watersheds.
Area code 626
Area code 626 is a telephone area code in the North American Numbering Plan (NANP) for most of the San Gabriel Valley in the U.S. state of California. The numbering plan area (NPA) also comprises nearby areas in the northeastern portion of Los Angeles County, California, including Arcadia, Monrovia, El Monte, most of Pasadena and West Covina. The numbering plan area was created in an area code split of area code 818 on June 14, 1997.

Arcadia, California
Arcadia is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States, located about 13 miles (21 km) northeast of downtown Los Angeles in the San Gabriel Valley and at the base of the San Gabriel Mountains. It contains a series of adjacent parks consisting of the Santa Anita Park racetrack, the Los Angeles County Arboretum and Botanic Garden, and Arcadia County Park. The city had a population of 56,681 at the 2020 census. The city is named after Arcadia, Greece.
Edmond H. Madison
Edmond Haggard Madison (December 18, 1865 – September 18, 1911) was a U.S. representative from Kansas.

Born in Plymouth, Illinois, Madison attended common schools. He taught in school. He moved to Wichita, Kansas, in 1885. He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1888, before commencing legal practice in Dodge City, Kansas. He served as prosecuting attorney of Ford County, Kansas from 1889 to 1893. He was appointed judge of the thirty-first judicial district of Kansas on January 1, 1900, and served until September 17, 1906, when he resigned to become a candidate for Congress.

Madison was elected as a Republican to the Sixtieth, Sixty-first, and Sixty-second Congresses and served from March 4, 1907, until his death in Dodge City on September 18, 1911. He was interred in Maple Grove Cemetery.

60th United States Congress
The 60th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from March 4, 1907, to March 4, 1909, during the last two years of Theodore Roosevelt's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1900 United States census. Both chambers had a Republican majority.
Pseudodictamnus undulatus
Pseudodictamnus undulatus, commonly known as common ballota or horehound, is a species of flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae, native to the Mediterranean region including Egypt, Israel and Jordan. It is a compact, evergreen subshrub with a woody base, many hairy wiry stems, simple opposite leaves with toothed margins, and whorls of white flowers with funnel-shaped calyxes.

It is a plant of semi-arid, acidic stony habitats and in Israel often grows in association with Echinops gaillardotii, Carlina corymbosa and Ziziphus lotus.

Mediterranean basin
In biogeography, the Mediterranean basin (/ˌmɛdɪtəˈreɪniən/ MED-ih-tə-RAY-nee-ən), also known as the Mediterranean region or sometimes Mediterranea, is the region of lands around the Mediterranean Sea that mostly have a Mediterranean climate, with mild to cool, rainy winters and warm to hot, dry summers, which supports characteristic Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub vegetation.
Adamo Pedro Bronzoni
Adamo Pedro Bronzoni (born February 23, 1985), is an Italian-Peruvian film and video editor and part-time producer based in Lima. He edits in a variety of styles within the documentary and fiction genres, and sometimes in other experimental forms. His works as an editor have won various prizes, including the Cinéfondation award at the 2012 Cannes Film Festival for the short film "The Hosts".

2012 Cannes Film Festival
The 65th Cannes Film Festival  took place from 16 to 27 May 2012. Italian filmmaker Nanni Moretti was the president of the jury for the main competition. Austrian filmmaker Michael Haneke won the Palme d'Or, the festival's top prize, for the drama film Amour.

The official poster of the festival features Marilyn Monroe, to mark the 50th anniversary of her death. French actress Bérénice Bejo hosted the opening and closing ceremonies.

The festival opened with Moonrise Kingdom by Wes Anderson, and the closed with Thérèse Desqueyroux by Claude Miller.
Jim Walden (lawyer)
James Alvin Walden Jr. (born January 19, 1966) is an American attorney. After serving as an Assistant U.S. Attorney for the Eastern District of New York from 1993 to 2002, Walden entered private practice, where he has been a defense attorney for corporations in cases involving white-collar crime, antitrust violations, and market manipulation.

He has represented Grigory Rodchenkov, the former head of Russia's anti-doping laboratory, and UFC lightweight champion Conor McGregor, underground high stakes poker organizer Molly Bloom and plaintiffs in class action lawsuits against WeWork, the New York City Department of Education, and the New York City Housing Authority. He served as special counsel to a task force created by Governor of New Jersey Phil Murphy to investigate the administration of the state's tax incentive programs.

Governor of New Jersey
The governor of New Jersey is the head of government of the U.S. state of New Jersey. The office of governor is an elected position with a four-year term. There is a two consecutive term limit, with no limitation on non-consecutive terms. The official residence of the governor is Drumthwacket, a mansion located in Princeton, New Jersey. The governor's office is located inside the New Jersey State House in Trenton, making New Jersey unique in having the executive's office located in the same building as the legislature. New Jersey is also notable as one of the few states in which the governor's official residence is not located in the state capital.

The first and longest-serving governor of New Jersey was William Livingston, who served from August 31, 1776, to July 25, 1790. A. Harry Moore remains the longest-serving popularly elected governor. The current and 57th governor is Mikie Sherrill, a Democrat who assumed office on January 20, 2026.
2011 Crédit Agricole Suisse Open Gstaad
The 2011 Crédit Agricole Suisse Open Gstaad was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 44th edition of the Crédit Agricole Suisse Open Gstaad, and was part of the ATP World Tour 250 Series of the 2011 ATP World Tour. It took place at the Roy Emerson Arena in Gstaad, Switzerland, from 25 July through 31 July 2011.

Roy Emerson Arena
Roy Emerson Arena is a tennis stadium located in Gstaad, Switzerland.  The stadium is the centerpiece of the Suisse Open Gstaad, an ATP Tour event.  The stadium has a capacity of 4,500 spectators.  It is named in honor of Roy Emerson, 12-time Grand Slam champion, and five-time winner of the Gstaad tournament.
1935 Allan Cup
The 1935 Allan Cup was the senior ice hockey championship of the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association (CAHA) for the 1934–35 season. In the best-of-three final, the Halifax Wolverines defeated the Port Arthur Bearcats two games to none.

Senior ice hockey
Senior hockey refers to amateur or semi-professional ice hockey competition. There are no age restrictions for Senior players, who typically consist of those whose Junior eligibility has expired.

Most senior hockey leagues operate under the jurisdiction of Hockey Canada or USA Hockey. They are not affiliated in any way with professional hockey leagues. Many former professional players play Senior hockey after their pro careers are over. The top Senior teams in Canada (Senior AAA) compete annually for the Allan Cup.