hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tadamitsu Kishimoto
Tadamitsu Kishimoto (岸本 忠三, Kishimoto Tadamitsu; born May 7, 1939 in Tondabayashi, Osaka) is a Japanese immunologist known for research on IgM and cytokines, most famously, interleukin 6.

He did postdoctoral work under Kimishige Ishizaka, the discoverer of IgE at Johns Hopkins University.

He is listed by the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) as a highly cited biologist and he is also in the top ten of h-index of living biologists.

Interleukin 6
Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is an interleukin that acts as both a pro-inflammatory cytokine and an anti-inflammatory myokine. In humans, it is encoded by the IL6 gene.

In addition, osteoblasts secrete IL-6 to stimulate osteoclast formation.  Smooth muscle cells in the tunica media of many blood vessels also produce IL-6 as a pro-inflammatory cytokine.  IL-6's role as an anti-inflammatory myokine is mediated through its inhibitory effects on TNF and IL-1 and its activation of IL-1ra and IL-10.

There is some early evidence that IL-6 can be used as an inflammatory marker for severe COVID-19 infection with poor prognosis, in the context of the wider coronavirus pandemic.
Cofinal (mathematics)
In mathematics, a subset  of a preordered set  is said to be cofinal or frequent in  if for every  it is possible to find an element  in  that dominates  (formally, ).

Cofinal subsets are very important in the theory of directed sets and nets, where “cofinal subnet” is the appropriate generalization of "subsequence".  They are also important in order theory, including the theory of cardinal numbers, where the minimum possible cardinality of a cofinal subset of  is referred to as the cofinality of

Subsequence
In mathematics, a subsequence of a given sequence is a sequence that can be derived from the given sequence by deleting some or no elements without changing the order of the remaining elements. For example, the sequence  is a subsequence of  obtained after removal of elements   and  The relation of one sequence being the subsequence of another is a partial order.

Subsequences can contain consecutive elements which were not consecutive in the original sequence. A subsequence which consists of a consecutive run of elements from the original sequence, such as  from  is a substring. The substring is a refinement of the subsequence.

The list of all subsequences for the word "apple" would be "a", "ap", "al", "ae", "app", "apl", "ape", "ale", "appl", "appe", "aple", "apple", "p", "pp", "pl", "pe", "ppl", "ppe", "ple", "pple", "l", "le", "e", "" (empty string).
Ev Elkins
Everett Lee "Boots" Elkins (November 17, 1917 – June 8, 1977) was an American professional football back.

Elkins was born in 1917 at Hamlin, West Virginia. He attended Hamlin High School.

Elkins played college football for Marshall College from 1937 to 1939. He played college football as a fullback at Marshall. He led the nation in scoring through most of the 1938 season but dropped to second when Marshall's final game was cancelled due to snow. He finished the year with 15 touchdowns in nine games.

Elkins was drafted by the Chicago Cardinals with the 151st pick in the 1939 NFL draft. He played for the Cardinals during the 1940 season. He also played for the New York Yankees in the 1940 and 1941. He appeared in a total of seven games on both offense and defense at fullback, halfback, and quarterback.

Elkins died in 1977 at age 59 in Hamlin, West Virginia.

Marshall University
Marshall University is a public research university in Huntington, West Virginia, United States.  It was founded in 1837 and is named after John Marshall, the fourth chief justice of the United States. The university is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".
Rickling, Germany
Rickling is a municipality in the district of Segeberg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is situated approximately 15 km southeast of Neumünster.

Rickling is part of the Amt ("collective municipality") Boostedt-Rickling.

Neumünster
Neumünster (German pronunciation: [nɔʏˈmʏnstɐ] ⓘ) is a city in the middle of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. With more than 79,000 registered inhabitants, it is the fourth-largest municipality in Schleswig-Holstein (behind Kiel, Lübeck and Flensburg). The Holstenhallen and the Stadthalle make the city an important trade fair location.
Sung Noen railway station
Sung Noen railway station (Thai: สถานีรถไฟสูงเนิน) is a railway station located in Sung Noen Subdistrict, Sung Noen District, Nakhon Ratchasima Province. It is a class 2 railway station located 233.87 km (145.3 mi) from Bangkok railway station (Hua Lamphong railway station).

Nakhon Ratchasima province
Nakhon Ratchasima (Thai: นครราชสีมา, pronounced [ná(ʔ).kʰɔ̄ːn râːt.tɕʰā.sǐː.māː]; Northeastern Thai: นครราชสีมา, pronounced [nà(ʔ).kʰɔ̂ːn lâːt.sā.sǐː.mâː], often called Khorat (Thai: โคราช, pronounced [kʰōː.râːt]; Northeastern Thai: โคราช, pronounced [kʰôː.lâːt]) (alternate spelling Korat) is one of Thailand's seventy-six provinces (changwat) and lies in lower northeastern Thailand also called Isan. At 20,736 square kilometres (8,006 sq mi) it is the country's second largest province by area, has a population of approximately 2.6 million, and generates about 250 billion baht in GDP, the highest in Isan. Neighbouring provinces are (clockwise, from north) Chaiyaphum, Khon Kaen, Buriram, Sa Kaeo, Prachinburi, Nakhon Nayok, Saraburi, and Lopburi.

The capital of the province is the city of Nakhon Ratchasima in Mueang Nakhon Ratchasima district, also called Khorat.
The Leaks
The Leaks is a commercial mixtape by American rapper Lil Baby. It was released through Glass Window Entertainment, Wolfpack, Quality Control Music and Motown on December 3, 2025. The mixtape contains guest appearances from Playboi Carti, Skooly, Lil Yachty, Lucki, Veeze, Young Thug, Rylo Rodriguez, Bino Rideaux, and G Herbo. Production was handled by June the Genius, Wheezy, Frankie Bash, Murda Beatz, and TM88, among others. The album was supported by five singles: "All on Me", "Try to Love", "Otha Boy", "Real Shit", and "Middle of the Summer", the former of which features G Herbo. It was released on Lil Baby's 31st birthday and is his second and final project of 2025, coming exactly eleven months ago after his fourth studio album, WHAM.

Skooly
Kazarion Fowler (born July 30, 1994), known professionally as Skooly, is an American rapper and a founding member of Atlanta-based rap group Rich Kidz. Branching off from Rich Kidz to pursue a solo career in 2015, Skooly has since released several solo projects. Skooly's recent releases have been under 2 Chainz' label T.R.U., starting with Skooly's label-debut album Baccwardfeelings in 2017.
Antelope Creek (Little Butte Creek tributary)
Antelope Creek is a tributary of Little Butte Creek in the U.S. state of Oregon. It begins in the foothills of the Cascade Range southeast of Medford and flows generally northwest to meet the larger creek downstream of Eagle Point and about 3 miles (5 km) by water from Little Butte Creek's mouth on the Rogue River.

The creek passes under Oregon Route 62 (Crater Lake Highway) between Eagle Point and White City, slightly before entering Little Butte Creek. Named tributaries of Antelope Creek from source to mouth are Yankee Creek, Quarter Branch, and Dry Creek.

Oregon Route 62
Oregon Route 62 is an Oregon state highway that runs between the city of Medford, and U.S. Route 97 between Chiloquin and Klamath Falls. The highway approaches Crater Lake National Park from the south, and is known as the Crater Lake Highway. While the highway is signed east-to-west, it is in reality shaped somewhat like a horseshoe; heading north-northeast from Medford, turning east as it approaches the park, and then turning south-southeast as it approaches Klamath Falls. Oregon Route 140 intersects with OR 62 in White City and Oregon Route 66 (which runs directly between Ashland and Klamath Falls). These are more direct routes between Medford and Klamath Falls. Route 62 comprises a portion of the Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway.
Nordic Israelism
Nordic Israelism or Norse Israelism is the belief that Scandinavian peoples, or the Nordic countries (Sweden, Denmark, Faroe Islands (part of Denmark), Iceland and Norway) descend from the Ten Lost Tribes of Israel. Although there is evidence of such a belief from literature during the Early Modern Period, Nordic Israelism as a movement and ideology only emerged in the latter half of the 19th century among several early proponents of British Israelism.

Tribe of Dan
The Tribe of Dan (Hebrew: דָּן, "Judge") was one of the twelve tribes of Israel, according to the Torah. According to the Hebrew Bible, the tribe initially settled in the hill lands bordering Ephraim and Benjamin on the east and Judah and the Philistines on the south but migrated north due to pressure of their enemies, settling at Laish (later known as Dan), near Mount Hermon.

Biblical judge Samson was a hero of the Dan tribe.
Harold Jones (drummer)
Harold Jones (born February 27, 1940) is an American traditional pop and jazz drummer who is best known as the drummer for Tony Bennett and for his five years with the Count Basie Orchestra.

In a career spanning six decades, Jones has toured and recorded with Frank Sinatra, Duke Ellington, Oscar Peterson, Herbie Hancock, B.B. King, Ray Charles and Tony Bennett. He has also played with major symphony orchestras, including those in Boston, Atlanta, Chicago, London, Los Angeles, San Francisco, and Vienna.

Traditional pop
Traditional pop (also known as pre-rock and roll pop) is Western popular music that generally pre-dates the advent of rock and roll and pop music in the mid-1950s. The most popular and enduring songs from this era of music are known as pop standards or American standards. The works of these songwriters and composers are usually considered part of the canon known as the "Great American Songbook". More generally, the term "standard" can be applied to any popular song that has become very widely known within mainstream culture and recorded by many artists.

AllMusic defines traditional pop as "post-big band and pre-rock & roll pop music".
Governors Ridge
Governors Ridge is located in Mount Rainier National Park in Pierce County of Washington state. It is part of the Cascade Range and is situated west of Cayuse Pass and 1.09 mile east of Tamanos Mountain, which is the nearest higher peak. Precipitation runoff from Governors Ridge drains into tributaries of the White River and Cowlitz River. The toponym honors all the governors who have served the state of Washington. The highest rocky crag on the ridge is known as Governors Peak. There is also a 40-foot leaning spire known as Governors Needle, and Barrier Peak is at the southern culmination of the ridge. The normal climbing access is from the Owyhigh Lakes Trail.

Cayuse Pass
Cayuse Pass (el. 4,675 ft (1,425 m)) is a mountain pass in the Cascade Mountains in the state of Washington.

The pass is about 41 mi (66 km) southeast of Enumclaw on State Route 410, about 1+1⁄4 miles (2.0 km) west of SR410's Chinook Pass. The intersection with State Route 123 is at the pass.

The pass carries State Route 410 and State Route 123 between Packwood and Enumclaw. Because of the high elevation, Cayuse Pass is usually closed in November due to very heavy snow and significant avalanche danger. It usually opens in mid-May, and is not uncommon to have a snow depth at the summit of up to 15 ft (4.6 m).

As part of the All-American Road program, Route 410 through Cayuse Pass has been designated by the U.S. government as the Chinook Scenic Byway.
An Old-Time Nightmare
An Old-Time Nightmare is a lost 1911 American silent fantasy comedy film. Directed by Fred Walton, the short was released as the latter half of a 1000-foot "split reel", with the first half being another comedy short, Lost in a Hotel. Both films were produced by the Powers Moving Picture Company of New York. This short's performers are not credited in 1911 reviews, in plot summaries, or in advertisements published in trade journals at the time. The faces of most of the cast were not visible on screen, for many of the actors wore costumes with full head coverings sculpted to resemble various species of birds, including a sparrow, eagle, dove, owl, wren, stork, bluebird, robin, linnet, and crow. While the short was identified upon its release as a comedy, it was also characterized in several contemporary reviews as a morality lesson and ideal photoplay for "juvenile" audiences.

Bluebird
The bluebirds are a North American group of medium-sized, mostly insectivorous or omnivorous passerine birds in the genus Sialia of the thrush family (Turdidae). Bluebirds are one of the few thrush genera in the Americas.

Bluebirds lay an average of 4 to 6 eggs per clutch. They will usually brood two or three times in a year. Bluebirds nest from March all the way through August.

Bluebirds have blue, or blue and rose beige, plumage. Female birds are less brightly colored than males, although color patterns are similar and there is no noticeable difference in size.
Teri Meri Love Stories
Teri Meri Love Stories (Our Love Stories) is an anthology series of 90-minute telefilms promoted as a "collection of assorted love stories" which premiered on 11 August 2012 on StarPlus. The series aired on weekends and featured many actors.

StarPlus
StarPlus is an Indian Hindi-language general entertainment pay television channel owned by JioStar, a joint venture between Reliance Industries, Viacom18 and Disney India. Its programming consists of family dramas, romantic comedies, youth-oriented reality shows, shows on crime and television films.
1905 Copa del Rey final
The 1905 Copa del Rey final was the third final of the Copa del Rey, the Spanish football cup competition. The match took place on 18 April 1905 at the Hipódromo, Madrid. The match was contested by Athletic Bilbao and Madrid FC. Madrid was awarded the trophy for the first time after defeating Athletic Bilbao 1–0 with Manuel Prast netting the only goal of the match.

Hipódromo de la Castellana
The Hipódromo de la Castellana, also known as the Hipódromo de Madrid, was a sports facility dedicated to horse racing. Located on the Paseo de la Castellana in Madrid, Spain, it was designed by engineer Francisco Boguerín as one of the first official horse racing tracks in the city. The Hipódromo was inaguruated to celebrate the wedding of King Alfonso XII in 1878. In successive years, the venue also hosted football matches,  mainly some Copa del Rey finals.

With the widening of Paseo de la Castellana in the 1930s, the Hipódromo was closed and then demolished. The site, now occupied by the office buildings of Nuevos Ministerios, was on the outskirts of Madrid at that time. During its years of operation it was the meeting place of the gentry and aristocracy of the time.

The main horse racing venue for Madrid, since the mid-twentieth century, has been the Hippodrome de la Zarzuela.
Thomas Pattenson
Thomas Pattenson was an English priest in the late 16th and early 17th centuries.

Pattenson was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge. In 1568 he became a Fellow at Christ's College, Cambridge. He was incorporated at Oxford University in 1577. Pattenson was the archdeacon of Chichester from 1603 until his death in 1607.

Christ's College, Cambridge
Christ's College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge, England. The college includes the master, the fellows of the college, and about 450 undergraduate and 250 graduate students. The college was founded by William Byngham in 1437 as God's House. In 1505, the college was granted a new royal charter, was given a substantial endowment by Lady Margaret Beaufort, and changed its name to Christ's College, becoming the twelfth of the Cambridge colleges to be founded in its modern form.

Alumni of the college include the poet John Milton, the naturalist Charles Darwin, as well as the Nobel Laureates Martin Evans, James Meade, Alexander Todd, Duncan Haldane, and John Clarke. The Master is Lord McDonald of Salford.
MV Mwanza
MV Mwanza is a Lake Victoria ferry operating on Lake Victoria in Tanzania. The ferry is a Ro-Pax ferry that operates between the villages of Kigongo and Busisi south of Mwanza town across the Mwanza Gulf in east-west direction. MV Mwanza is not the only ferry along the route (there are three other ferries) which highlights the relevance of the ferry service.

The ferry, now the largest Ro-Pax ferry on Lake Victoria, has two decks for vehicles and goods (main deck and boat deck) and an indoor passenger deck with seats. It was constructed by a local Tanzanian construction company in Mwanza, Songoro Marine Transport.

Mwanza
Mwanza City, also known as Rock City to the residents, is a port city and capital of Mwanza Region on the southern shore of Lake Victoria in north-western Tanzania. With an urban population of 1,104,521 and a population of 3,699,872 in the region (2022 census), it is Tanzania's second largest city, after Dar es Salaam. It is also the second largest city in the Lake Victoria basin after Kampala, Uganda and ahead of Kisumu, Kenya at least in population size. Within the East African community, Mwanza city is the fifth largest city after Dar es Salaam, Nairobi, Mombasa, and Kampala. It is slightly ahead of Kigali, Kisumu, and Bujumbura in the population of city proper limits.  Mwanza city is also the capital city of Mwanza Region, and is administratively divided into two municipal districts within that Region - Ilemela and Nyamagana.
Arne Barhaugen
Arne Barhaugen (January 11, 1932 – February 10, 2008) was a Norwegian nordic combined skier who competed in the 1950s and 1960s. He finished fifth in the Nordic combined event at the 1956 Winter Olympics in Cortina d'Ampezzo and sixth in the same event at the 1964 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck. He was born and died in Oslo.

Nordic combined
Nordic combined is a winter sport in which athletes compete in cross-country skiing and ski jumping. The Nordic combined at the Winter Olympics has been held since the first Winter Olympics in 1924, while the FIS Nordic Combined World Cup has been held since 1983. Many Nordic combined competitions use the Gundersen method, where placement in the ski jumping segment results in time (dis)advantages added to the contestant's total in the cross-country skiing segment (e.g. the ski jumping winner starts the cross-country skiing race at 00:00:00 while the one with the lowest jumping score starts with the longest time penalty).
Aminocoumarin
Aminocoumarin  is a class of  antibiotics that act by an inhibition of the DNA gyrase enzyme involved in the cell division in bacteria. They are derived from Streptomyces  species, whose best-known representative – Streptomyces coelicolor – was completely sequenced in 2002.
The aminocoumarin antibiotics include:

Novobiocin, Albamycin (Pharmacia And Upjohn)

Coumermycin

Clorobiocin

Upjohn
The Upjohn Company was an American pharmaceutical manufacturing firm (est. 1886) in Hastings, Michigan, by Dr. William E. Upjohn, an 1875 graduate of the University of Michigan medical school. The company was originally formed to make friable pills, specifically designed to crush easily, and thus be easier for patients to digest. Upjohn initially marketed the pills to doctors by sending them a wooden plank along with a rival’s pill and one of Upjohn’s, with instructions to try to hammer the pills into the plank.
Ioane Petritsi
Ioane Petritsi (Georgian: იოანე პეტრიწი, romanized: ioane p'et'rits'i) also referred as John Petritzos was a Georgian Neoplatonist philosopher of the 11th–12th century, active in the Byzantine Empire and Kingdom of Georgia, best known for his translations of Proclus, along with an extensive commentary.

In later sources, he is also referred to as Ioane Chimchimeli (Georgian: იოანე ჭიმჭიმელი, romanized: ioane ch'imch'imeli). The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy describes Petritsi as "the most significant Georgian medieval philosopher" and the "most widely read Georgian philosopher."

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (SEP) is a free online philosophy resource published and maintained by Stanford University, encompassing both an online encyclopedia of philosophy and peer-reviewed original publication. Each entry is written and maintained by an expert in the field, including professors from many academic institutions worldwide. Authors contributing to the encyclopedia give Stanford University the permission to publish the articles, but retain the copyright to those articles.
Wedge-tailed grass finch
The wedge-tailed grass finch (Emberizoides herbicola) is a species of bird in the family Thraupidae; it was formerly placed in the Emberizidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, and Venezuela.

Its major range is in southeastern South America in southern Brazil, Bolivia, eastern Paraguay, and extreme northeast Argentina in the cerrado, pantanal, and southern caatinga; it also ranges into northern Colombia with central Venezuela, and the Atlantic coastal Guianas, as well as Ilha de Marajo at the Amazon River outlet. Its natural habitats are dry savanna, subtropical or tropical seasonally wet or flooded lowland grassland, and heavily degraded former forest.

Emberiza
The buntings are a group of Old World passerine birds forming the genus Emberiza, the only genus in the family Emberizidae. The family contains 44 species. They are seed-eating birds with stubby, conical bills.
Eliezer Joldan
Eliezer Joldan (1916-2001) was the first trained graduate to profess teaching as a profession in Ladakh. He was born in 1916 to Jonathan Tharchin Joldan and Chamnyet. He got his bachelor's degree in education from the Punjab University, Lahore. He died at the age of 85 at Leh. The Govt. Degree College at Leh is named after him.  His students includes top political leaders, doctors, scholars and other intelligentsia of Ladakh on 23 June 2001. He would always prefer the traditional Ladakhi Goncha over western pants and shirts.

Leh
Leh (English: /'leɪ/, Hindi: ['leː(ɦ)]) is a city in Indian-administered Ladakh in the disputed Kashmir region.   It is the largest city and the joint capital of Ladakh.   It has been the capital of Ladakh since the Medieval Period. Leh, located in the Leh district, was also the historical capital of the Kingdom of Ladakh. The seat of the kingdom, Leh Palace, the former residence of the royal family of Ladakh, was built in the same style and about the same time as the Potala Palace in Tibet. Since they were both constructed in a similar style and at roughly the same time, the Potala Palace in Tibet and Leh Palace, the royal residence, are frequently contrasted. Leh is at an altitude of 3,524 m (11,562 ft), and is connected via National Highway 1 to Srinagar in the southwest and to Manali in the south via the Leh-Manali Highway (part of National Highway 3).
Coptotriche purinosella
Coptotriche purinosella is a moth of the family Tischeriidae. It was described by Vactor Tousey Chambers in 1875. It is found in the United States in the District of Columbia, Kentucky, Louisiana, New Jersey, New York, Ohio and Texas.

The larvae feed on Quercus alba, Quercus macrocarpa, Quercus montana and Quercus muehlenbergii. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

Quercus muehlenbergii
Quercus muehlenbergii, the chinquapin (or chinkapin) oak, is a deciduous species of tree in the white oak group (Quercus sect. Quercus). The species was often called Quercus acuminata in older literature. Quercus muehlenbergii (often misspelled as muhlenbergii) is native to eastern and central North America. It ranges from Vermont to Minnesota, south to the Florida panhandle, and west to New Mexico in the United States. In Canada it is only found in southern Ontario, and in Mexico it ranges from Coahuila south to Hidalgo.