hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Michele C. Edmondson
Michele C. Edmondson is a United States Air Force major general who served as the commander of Second Air Force from 2021 to 2024. She most recently served as the Commandant of Cadets for the U.S. Air Force Academy from 2019 to 2021.

Commandant of Cadets of the United States Air Force Academy
The Commandant of Cadets at the United States Air Force Academy is the officer in charge of the Cadet Wing. Under the Superintendent, the Commandant oversees all of the cadets' military training at the academy. The position of Commandant has traditionally been filled by an active duty Air Force brigadier general, although occasionally, the office holder has been a major general. Since reorganization from October 1994 through August 2006, the Commandant was "dual-hatted" as the commander of the 34th Training Wing.  In August 2006, the 34th Wing was redesignated Commandant of Cadets, a named organization.
Washington Gardens (Boston)
Washington Gardens (1814 – ca.1829) was a place of public entertainment and refreshment in early 19th-century Boston, Massachusetts. Also known as Vauxhall, it specialized in fireworks, circuses, musical and theatrical performances, pictorial exhibitions, and the occasional balloonist and necromancer. John H. Schaffer oversaw the enterprise beginning in 1814.

Balloon (aeronautics)
In aeronautics, a balloon is an unpowered aerostat, which remains aloft or floats due to its buoyancy. It may use hot air as a lifting gas, or it may use gas that is not air like hydrogen or helium. A balloon may be free, moving with the wind, or tethered to a fixed point. It is distinct from an airship, which is a powered aerostat that can propel itself through the air in a controlled manner.

Many balloons have a basket, gondola, or capsule suspended beneath the main envelope for carrying people or equipment (including cameras and telescopes, and flight-control mechanisms).
Oryx/Pecos
Oryx/Pecos is a proprietary operating system developed from scratch by Bell Labs beginning in 1978 for the express purpose of running AT&T's large-scale PBX switching equipment. The operating system was first used with AT&T's flagship System 75, and until very recently, was used in all variations up through and including Definity G3 (Generic 3) switches, now manufactured by AT&T/Lucent Technologies spinoff Avaya. The last system based on Oryx/Pecos was the Avaya G3 CSI running release 13.1 Definity software. The formal end of sale was February 5, 2007. Although widely believed to be a Unix-like variant developed directly by Bell Labs, that is not the case, as it is not based on any version of Unix.

Unix-like
A Unix-like (sometimes referred to as UN*X, *nix or *NIX) operating system is one that behaves in a manner similar to a Unix system, although not necessarily conforming to or being certified to any version of the Single UNIX Specification. A Unix-like application is one that behaves like the corresponding Unix command or shell. Although there are general philosophies for Unix design, there is no technical standard defining the term, and opinions can differ about the degree to which a particular operating system or application is Unix-like. Some well-known examples of Unix-like operating systems include Linux, FreeBSD and OpenBSD. These systems are often used on servers as well as on personal computers and other devices. Many popular applications, such as the Apache web server and the Bash shell, are also designed to be used on Unix-like systems.
2021 Moneta Czech Open – Doubles
Zdeněk Kolář and Lukáš Rosol were the defending champions but only Kolář chose to defend his title, partnering Roman Jebavý. Kolář lost in the final to Aleksandr Nedovyesov and Gonçalo Oliveira.

Nedovyesov and Oliveira won the title after defeating Jebavý and Kolář 1–6, 7–6(7–5), [10–6] in the final.

Zdeněk Kolář
Zdeněk Kolář (Czech pronunciation: [ˈzdɛɲɛk ˈkolaːr̝̊]; born 9 October 1996) is a Czech tennis player.
Kolář has a career high ATP singles ranking of world No. 111 achieved on 13 June 2022 and a career high doubles ranking of No. 110 achieved on 1 August 2022.
Bogdanski
Bogdański is a Polish surname. It comes from the given name Bogdan. Notable people with the surname include:

Ed Bogdanski (1921–1989), American basketball player

Jack Bogdanski (fl. 1970s–2010s), American professor of law at Lewis & Clark Law School in Portland, Oregon

Jezdimir Bogdanski (1930–2007), Macedonian politician and participant in the National Liberation War

Joseph Bogdanski (1911–1997), Chief Justice of the Connecticut Supreme Court

Renata Bogdańska (1920–2010), stage name of Irena Anders, Polish actress and singer

Sammi Bogdanski, original keyboardist for the band Black Lungs

Black Lungs
Black Lungs is a Canadian punk rock band, formed by Alexisonfire guitarist and vocalist and Gallows vocalist Wade MacNeil. MacNeil originally envisioned the project's music as similar to his first punk rock band, Plan 9.
Macrothelypteris
Macrothelypteris is a genus of ferns in the family Thelypteridaceae, subfamily Phegopteridoideae, in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). The genus name means 'large Thelypteris'.

Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group
The Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group (PPG) is an informal international group of systematic botanists who collaborate to establish on the classification of pteridophytes (lycophytes and ferns) that reflects knowledge about plant relationships discovered through phylogenetic studies. In 2016, the group published a classification for extant pteridophytes, termed "PPG I". The paper had 94 authors (26 principal and 68 additional).
The classification was presented as a consensus classification supported by the community of fern taxonomists. Alternative classifications of ferns exist and are preferred by some.
Fairmont Bridge
The Fairmont Bridge is the first crossing of the Columbia River, at Fairmont Hot Springs, British Columbia. It carries British Columbia Highway 93/Highway 95 over a "creek-like segment" of the Columbia River between its source, Columbia Lake and Lake Windermere. The Fairmont Community Association also planned to route a trail built in 2017, the Fairmont Foot Path, over the bridge.

British Columbia Highway 95
Highway 95 is a north-south highway in the southeastern corner of British Columbia, opened in 1957.  The highway connects with U.S. Route 95, from which the highway takes its number, at the Canada–U.S. border at Kingsgate, just north of Eastport, Idaho.  The section between the Canada-U.S. border and the Crowsnest Highway is known as the Yahk–Kingsgate Highway while the section between the Crowsnest Highway and Golden is known as the Kootenay–Columbia Highway.

Highway 95, one of the most overlapped highways in the province, shares most of its route with other numbered highways.
Nojorid
Nojorid (Hungarian: Nagyürögd) is a large commune located in Bihor County, Crișana, Romania. It is composed of seven villages: Apateu (Oláhapáti), Chișirid (Kisürögd), Leș (Váradles), Livada de Bihor (Mácsapuszta), Nojorid, Păușa (Váradpósa), and Șauaieu (Biharsályi).

Crișana
Crișana (Romanian: Crișana, Hungarian: Körösvidék, German: Kreischgebiet) is a geographical and historical region of Romania named after the Criș (Körös) River and its three tributaries: the Crișul Alb, Crișul Negru, and Crișul Repede. In Romania, the term is sometimes extended to include areas beyond the border, in Hungary; in this interpretation, the region is bounded to the east by the Apuseni Mountains, to the south by the Mureș River, to the north by the Someș River, and to the west by the Tisza River, the Romanian-Hungarian border cutting it in two. However, in Hungary, the area between the Tisza River and  the Romanian border is usually known as Tiszántúl.
Klek, Zrenjanin
Klek (Serbian Cyrillic: Клек; Hungarian: Begafő) is a village located in the Zrenjanin municipality, Central Banat District, Vojvodina, Serbia. The village has a Serb ethnic majority (90.80%), and its population is 3,011 (2011 census).

Central Banat District
The Central Banat District (Serbian: Средњобанатски округ, romanized: Srednjobanatski okrug, pronounced [srêdɲoːbǎnaːtskiː ôkruːɡ]) is one of administrative districts of Serbia. It lies in the geographical region of Banat. According to the 2022 census, the Central Banat District has a population of 157,711 inhabitants. The administrative center is the city of Zrenjanin.
Preethi Prema Pranaya
Preethi Prema Pranaya (transl. Love, love, love) is a 2003 Indian Kannada-language drama film written and directed by Kavitha Lankesh. The film features an ensemble cast of Anant Nag, Bharathi Vishnuvardhan, Sudharani, Prakash Raj, Bhavana, Anu Prabhakar and Sunil Raoh. It was produced by "Indo - Hollywood" films, consisting of five producers, namely Mano Murthy, Ram Prasad, Dr. Renuka and Somashekar. The music was composed by Mano Murthy.

The film went on to become a musical hit and won many awards including the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Kannada.

The film revolved around three generations of two families having Ananth Nag and Bharathi Vishnuvardhan as first generation. The movie was also an inspiration for 2005 Hindi movie Pyaar Mein Twist.

Archana Udupa
Archana Udupa (born 3 February 1979) is an Indian singer. She sings devotional, classical and film  songs. She is graded artist of All India Radio and Doordarshan. She won Zee TV TVS Sa Re Ga Ma Pa contest of singing in 1998. Archana Udupa is the first person of south Indian origin to win Hindi film song singing contest. As of now she has sung in more than 1000 cassettes and CDs (Albums).

She won the Karnataka State Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer for her song in the film Bhageerathi in 2012.
She also judged for famous singing reality show Kannada Kogile for two seasons along with Chandan Shetty and Sadhu Kokila. She married Sriranga, a lawyer and son of musician Shimoga Subbanna, in 2002.
Manufacturers Aircraft Association
The Manufacturer's Aircraft Association (MAA) was a trade association and patent pool of U.S. aircraft manufacturers formed in 1917.

The U.S. military and other elements of the U.S. federal government pressured the Wright Company, the Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company, and other manufacturers to form the association to break a patent logjam that was preventing U.S. manufacturers from making airplanes that the U.S. military could use in World War I. Legally, the MAA was a private corporation which had an agreement with the airplane manufacturers to cross-license their patents without substantial royalties.

The MAA was dissolved in 1977.

American Heritage Center
The American Heritage Center is the University of Wyoming's repository of manuscripts, rare books, and the university archives. Its collections focus on Wyoming and the Rocky Mountain West (including politics, settlement, Native Americans, and Western trails) and a select handful of national topics: environment and conservation, the mining and petroleum industries, air and rail transportation, popular entertainment (particularly radio, television, film, and popular music), journalism, US military history, and book history.
Kerrang! Awards
The Kerrang! Awards was an annual music awards show in the United Kingdom, founded by the music magazine Kerrang! and focusing primarily on rock music. The annual awards featured performances by prominent artists, and some of the awards of more popular interest are presented in a televised ceremony.

Justin Hawkins
Justin David Hawkins (born 17 March 1975) is an English musician, Internet personality, singer, and songwriter best known as the founder, lead singer, and lead guitarist of The Darkness, of which his younger brother Dan is also a member. He is also the lead singer and guitarist for the band Hot Leg, formed in 2008 and now on hiatus. In 2021, Hawkins launched a YouTube channel entitled Justin Hawkins Rides Again, where he does comedic analysis on songs or artists in addition to covering news in the musical community.
Staphisagria macrosperma
Staphisagria macrosperma, formerly known as Delphinium staphisagria, is a species of Staphisagria of the family Ranunculaceae. It used to belong to the subgenus or section Staphisagria of the genus Delphinium, but molecular evidence suggests Staphisagria should be a genus which is a sister group to the Aconitum-Delphinium clade. It is described botanically as a stoutly-stemmed, hairy biennial with large palmate leaves up to 6 inches (15 cm) across. The flowers are mauve-blue to blue, short-spurred, and up to 1 inch (2.5 cm) across, occurring in racemes. The plant grows to a height of 4–5 feet. It grows throughout the Mediterranean. All parts of this plant are highly toxic and should not be ingested in any quantity.

Aconitum
Aconitum (/ˌækəˈnaɪtəm/), also known as aconite, monkshood, wolfsbane, leopard's bane, devil's helmet, or blue rocket, is a genus of over 250 species of flowering plants belonging to the family Ranunculaceae. These herbaceous, frequently toxic perennial plants are chiefly native to the mountainous parts of the Northern Hemisphere in North America, Europe, and Asia, growing in the moisture-retentive but well-draining soils of mountain meadows.

Most Aconitum species are extremely poisonous and must be handled very carefully. Several Aconitum hybrids, such as the Arendsii form of Aconitum carmichaelii, have won gardening awards—such as the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
West Division (WHA)
The WHA's West Division was formed in 1972. The division existed for five seasons until 1977. In 1972, the WHA was formed with 12 teams, split into two divisions of six teams each, with the other division being the East Division.  The division existed until 1977, as the WHA decreased to only eight teams and divisions weren't used anymore.

Vancouver Blazers
The Vancouver Blazers were a professional ice hockey team that played in the World Hockey Association from 1973 to 1975. The Blazers played at the Pacific Coliseum in Vancouver, sharing the facility with the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League. The Blazers were owned by local businessman Jim Pattison. The franchise moved to Vancouver after a single season in Philadelphia. Unable to establish a strong fan base in Vancouver, the team was moved again in 1975 to become the Calgary Cowboys.
Water resources management in Mexico
Water resources management is a significant challenge for Mexico. The country has in place a system of water resources management that includes both central (federal) and decentralized (basin and local) institutions.  Furthermore, water management is imposing a heavy cost to the economy.

The arid northwest and central regions contain 77% of Mexico's population and generate 87% of the gross domestic product (GDP). By contrast, the poorer southern regions have abundant water resources. Surface and groundwater resources are overall overexploited and polluted thus leading to an insufficient water availability to support economic development and environmental sustainability. These challenges are expected to become more complicated as climate change creates more extreme weather and further heat and dry weather in already arid regions.

Tabasco
Tabasco, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Tabasco, is one of the 32 federal entities of Mexico. It is divided into 17 municipalities and its capital city is Villahermosa.

It is located in southeast Mexico and is bordered by the states of Campeche to the northeast, Veracruz to the west, and Chiapas to the south and the Petén department of Guatemala to the southeast. It has a coastline to the north with the Gulf of Mexico. Most of the state is covered in rainforest as, unlike most other areas of Mexico, it has plentiful rainfall year-round. The state is also home to La Venta, the major site of the Olmec civilization, considered to be the origin of later Mesoamerican cultures. It produces significant quantities of petroleum and natural gas.
Nicholas Snell (died 1577)
Nicholas Snell (by 1515 - 1577), of Kington St Michael, Wiltshire, was an English landowner and politician.

He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Chippenham in 1555, 1559 and 1563; for Wiltshire in 1558; and Malmesbury in 1571 and 1572.

Snell and/or his father, Richard, were employed by the last abbot of Glastonbury. In 1544, Snell bought from the Crown the manor of Kington St Michael, Wiltshire, which had formerly been a grange of the abbey, and he went on to own considerable areas of land in Wiltshire. He was appointed JP in 1554, and around the same time became the steward of William Herbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke. He was High Sheriff of Wiltshire for 1565.

By 1537 he had married Alice, daughter of John Pye, and they had three sons – including John (c.1537–1587), also High Sheriff and briefly an MP – and five daughters. His second marriage was to Mary, daughter of William Clevelood.

Snell died on 31 March 1577.

Monastic grange
Monastic granges were outlying landholdings held by monasteries independent of the manorial system. The first granges were owned by the Cistercians, and other orders followed. Wealthy monastic houses had many granges, most of which were largely agricultural providing food for the monastic community. A grange might be established adjacent to the monastery, but others were established wherever it held lands, some at a considerable distance. Some granges were worked by lay-brothers belonging to the order, others by paid labourers.

Granges could be of six known types: agrarian; sheep runs; cattle ranges and holdings; horse studs; fisheries; industrial complexes. Industrial granges were significant in the development of medieval industries, particularly iron working.
Le Royer Lake
Lake Le Royer is a freshwater body integrated into a set of lakes designated "Obatogamau Lakes", within the Eeyou Istchee James Bay (municipality) area, within the administrative region of Nord-du-Québec, province of Quebec, Canada. This lake extends in the townships of Fancamp and La Dauversière.

Forestry is the main economic activity of the sector. Recreational tourism activities come second.

The hydrographic slope of Lac Royer is accessible by a branch of a forest road connecting to the north at route 113 (linking Lebel-sur-Quévillon and Chibougamau) and the Canadian National Railway.

The surface of Le Royer Lake is usually frozen from early November to mid-May, however, safe ice circulation is generally from mid-November to mid-April.

Lebel-sur-Quévillon
Lebel-sur-Quévillon (French pronunciation: [ləbɛl syʁ kevijɔ̃]) is a city in the Canadian province of Quebec, located on Route 113 in the Jamésie region. It is located approximately 88 kilometres north of Senneterre and approximately 200 kilometres southwest of Chibougamau. It is surrounded by, but not a part of, the local municipality of Eeyou Istchee James Bay. It is constituted from unorganized territories.

The town had a population of 2,091 as of the Canada 2021 Census and is served by the Lebel-sur-Quévillon Airport. The hamlet of Rapide-des-Cèdres is also within its municipal boundary.

The name "Lebel" is in honor of Jean-Baptiste Lebel, a forestry contractor, born in 1887 and died in 1966 who worked for years to set up a paper mill in the north of the province. The lake gives the second part of its name to the city. Lac Quévillon is named in honor of Louis-Amable Quévillon (1749-1823), an architect and sculptor of religious objects.
Diskworld
Diskworld (ISSN 0899-4838) was a disk magazine for the Apple Macintosh computer system, published by Softdisk beginning in 1988. It was a sister publication of Softdisk for the Apple II, Loadstar for the Commodore 64, and Big Blue Disk for the IBM PC. Diskworld ceased publication in 1998.

Macintosh External Disk Drive
The Macintosh External Disk Drive is the original model in a series of external 3+1⁄2-inch floppy disk drives manufactured and sold by Apple Computer exclusively for the Macintosh series of computers introduced in January 1984. Later, Apple unified their external drives to work cross-platform between the Macintosh and Apple II product lines, dropping the name "Macintosh" from the drives. Though Apple had been producing external floppy disk drives prior to 1984, they were exclusively developed for the Apple II, III and Lisa computers using the industry standard 5+1⁄4-inch flexible disk format. The Macintosh external drives were the first to widely introduce Sony's new 3+1⁄2-inch rigid disk standard commercially and throughout their product line. Apple produced only one external 3+1⁄2-inch drive exclusively for use with the Apple II series called the Apple UniDisk 3.5.
K. Vijay Kumar
K Vijay Kumar PMG GM IPS (born 15 September 1952), is a retired IPS officer. He was the chief of the Special Task Force of Tamil Nadu that was involved in the death of the Veerappan during Operation Cocoon of 2004. He had also been the senior advisor to Home Ministry for the Left Wing Extremism areas. He served as the Advisor to the Governor of Jammu and Kashmir with Home, Forest, Ecology & Environment, Health & Medical Education, Youth Services & Sports, Hospitality & Protocol, Civil Aviation, Estates and Information portfolios. Currently he has joined back as senior security adviser in Ministry of Home Affairs in December 2018.

Special Task Force (India)
In India, a Special Task Force (STF) is a type of special police force tasked to deal with violent issues such as wanted criminals and insurgencies. They are primarily formed due to lack of adequate police forces for a task, like neutralizing a criminal network or carrying out anti-terrorism measures. Every state has their own power to constitute an STF.

The states of Tamil Nadu and Karnataka first raised Special Task forces in the 1980s to counter ivory poacher, Veerapan, whom the forces eventually killed in 2004 with Operation Cocoon. In late 1980s, such forces were formed in Punjab to counter an insurgency. An STF was also formed on May 1998 in Uttar Pradesh by IPS AjayRaj Sharma on the recommendation of IAS RajivRatan Shah to kill the infamous dreaded criminal ShreePrakash Shukla, mission led by IPS Rajesh Pandey, under the name of 'Operation BAZOOKA'.
Shrestha
Śrēṣṭha is a Nepalese surname meaning "noble” or "great" in Sanskrit or "warrior" in Nepal Bhasa. Shrestha is one of the eponym surnames used by those belonging to the caste of Shresthas who prior to the unification of modern Nepal formed the ruling and administrative Kshatriya castes in the court of the Malla kings of Nepal. They also counted among them the trading and business Vaishya castes, and were the pre-eminent traders in between Nepal and Tibet. After the unification of Nepal, many Shresthas took up business and trading since their former positions as administrators and courtiers of the royal Malla court was supplanted by the invading Gorkha forces mainly of the Khas tribe.

Vaishya
Vaishya (Sanskrit: वैश्य, vaiśya) is one of the four varnas of the Vedic Hindu social order in India. Vaishyas are classed third in the order of Varna hierarchy.

The occupation of Vaishyas consists mainly of agriculture, taking care of cattle, trade and other business pursuits as mentioned in the Bhagavad Gita.
The Cambridge History of Islam
The Cambridge History of Islam is a two volume history of Islam published by Cambridge University Press in 1970 and edited by Peter Holt, Ann K.S. Lambton, and Bernard Lewis. It was reprinted in 1977 with amendments and each volume divided into two for ease of use. It was replaced by the six-volume New Cambridge History of Islam in 2010.

Ann Lambton
Ann Katharine Swynford Lambton, OBE, FBA (8 February 1912 – 19 July 2008), usually known as A.K.S. Lambton or "Nancy" Lambton, was a British historian, expert on medieval and early modern Persian history, Persian language, Islamic political theory, and Persian social organisation.  She was an acknowledged authority on land tenure and reform in Iran (including Saljuq, Mongol, Safavid and Qajar administration and institutions, and local and tribal histories).