hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of Ingavi
The Battle of Ingavi was fought on 18 November 1841, near Viacha, during the Peruvian–Bolivian War of 1841–1842. The Bolivian Army under the command of José Ballivián repelled the invading Peruvian Army commanded by Agustín Gamarra, who was killed in action. Ingavi was the decisive engagement that prevented Peruvian annexation and secured Bolivian independence.

Viacha
Viacha is a city in Bolivia, situated in the Ingavi Province in the La Paz Department. Viacha lies in the Altiplano, 22 km southwest of La Paz. Transportation to and from the city includes cars, buses, and a train.
Geng Xiaoling
Geng Xiaoling MH (simplified Chinese: 耿晓灵; traditional Chinese: 耿曉靈; pinyin: Gěngxiǎolíng; born 2 February 1984) is a retired professional wushu taolu athlete who represented Hong Kong. She is one of the most renowned taolu athletes of all time, having been a five-time world champion and a gold medallist at the Asian Games and the East Asian Games. She is a current coach for the Hong Kong Wushu Team.

Hong Kong national wushu team
The Hong Kong Wushu Team represents Hong Kong in IWUF international competitions. Since its inception, it has established itself as one of the most prominent wushu teams of all time outside of the China national wushu team.

The team trains at the Hong Kong Sports Institute as a tier-A sport.
Jyoti Prakash Nirala
Corporal Jyoti Prakash Nirala, AC (15 November 1986 – 18 November 2017) was a member of the Garud Commando Force. He was posthumously awarded the Ashoka Chakra, India's highest peacetime military decoration in January 2018. He is the first airman to receive the award for ground combat and only the third one to receive it overall after  Suhas Biswas and Rakesh Sharma.

Rashtriya Rifles
The Rashtriya Rifles (RR; transl. National rifles) is a counter-insurgency force in India, formed in 1990s, to deal with internal security in the Jammu and Kashmir region. They maintain public order by drawing powers from the Armed Forces (Jammu and Kashmir) Special Powers Act, 1990 (AFSPA). Its personnel are provided by the Indian Army on deputation.

The force operates under the Ministry of Defence. The Indian Army describes RR as its "specialist elite force to combat insurgency." The RR is headquartered at Northern Command in Udhampur and commanded by an Additional Director General of Rashtriya Rifles (ADG RR).
James Temple Fisher
James Temple Fisher (1828 – 3 January 1905) was a 19th-century Member of Parliament from Canterbury, New Zealand.

Fisher arrived in New Zealand on the Charlotte Jane, one of the First Four Ships.

He represented the Heathcote electorate from 1876 to 1881, when he was defeated.

He was Postmaster-General and Commissioner of Telegraphs in the Grey Ministry, from 15 October 1877 to 8 October 1879.

He died on 3 January 1905 at his home in south Colombo Street in the Heathcote district. He is buried at Barbadoes Street Cemetery.

1875–1876 New Zealand general election
The 1875–1876 New Zealand general election was held between 20 December 1875 and 29 January 1876 to elect a total of 88 MPs in 73 electorates to the 6th session of the New Zealand Parliament. The Māori vote was held on 4 and 15 January 1876. A total of 56,471 voters were registered.
FRAX
FRAX (fracture risk assessment tool) is a diagnostic tool used to evaluate the 10-year probability of bone fracture risk. It was developed by the University of Sheffield.  FRAX integrates clinical risk factors and bone mineral density at the femoral neck to calculate the 10-year probability of hip fracture and the 10-year probability of a major osteoporotic fracture (clinical spine, forearm, hip or shoulder fracture). The models used to develop the FRAX diagnostic tool were derived from studying patient populations in North America, Europe, Latin America, Asia and Australia.

Femoral neck
The femoral neck (also femur neck or neck of the femur) is a flattened pyramidal process of bone, connecting the femoral head with the femoral shaft, and forming with the latter a wide angle opening medialward.
Territory of Western Samoa
The Territory of Western Samoa was the civil administration of Western Samoa by New Zealand between 1920 and Samoan independence in 1962.  In 1914, German Samoa was captured by the Samoa Expeditionary Force shortly after the outbreak of World War I, and was formally annexed as a League of Nations mandate in 1920 in the Treaty of Versailles. It was later transformed into a United Nations Trust Territory following the dissolution of the League of Nations in 1946.

Samoa Expeditionary Force
The Samoa Expeditionary Force (SEF) was a small volunteer force of approximately 1,400 men raised in New Zealand shortly after the outbreak of World War I to seize and destroy the German wireless station in German Samoa in the south-west Pacific. Britain required the German wireless installations to be destroyed because they were used by Vizeadmiral (Vice Admiral) Maximilian von Spee's East Asia Squadron of the Imperial German Navy, which threatened merchant shipping in the region. Following the capture of German possessions in the region, the SEF provided occupation forces for the duration of the war. Australia provided a similar force for the Allied occupation of German New Guinea.
Arthroleptis adelphus
Arthroleptis adelphus is a species of frog in the family Arthroleptidae found in the western equatorial region of Africa in southern Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea (including Bioko), and Gabon, and possibly in southwestern Central African Republic and northwestern Republic of the Congo.

Arthroleptis adelphus occurs in lowland forests where it lives in leaf-litter on the forest floor. It avoids marshy areas. It is a common species that occurs in several protected areas. It can be negatively impacted by forest loss for agriculture, wood, and human settlement.

Bioko
Bioko (/biːˈoʊkoʊ/; Spanish: [biˈoko] ⓘ; Bube: Ëtulá a Ëri; historically known as Fernando Pó, European Portuguese pronunciation: [fɨɾˈnɐ̃.dʊ ˈpɔ]) is an island of Equatorial Guinea. It is located 32 km (20 mi) south of the coast of Cameroon, and 160 km (99 mi) northwest of the northernmost part of mainland Equatorial Guinea. Malabo, on the north coast of the island, is the former capital city of Equatorial Guinea. Bioko's population was 335,048 at the 2015 census and it covers an area of 2,017 km2 (779 sq mi), making it the fourth largest island in Africa (after Madagascar, Socotra and Tenerife). The island is part of the Cameroon line of volcanoes and is located off the Cameroon coast, in the Bight of Biafra portion of the Gulf of Guinea. Its geology is volcanic; its highest peak is Pico Basile at 3,012 m (9,882 ft).
Military Police (Republic of Korea)
The Republic of Korea Military Police (ROK MP; Korean: 대한민국 국군 군사경찰; Hanja: 大韓民國國軍軍事警察; RR: Daehanminguk Gukgun Gunsagyeongchal), are the uniformed law enforcement agencies of each respective branch of the Republic of Korea Armed Forces. Once operated under a unified Military Police Command (헌병총사령부; 憲兵總司令部; heonbyeong chongsa ryeongbu) between 1953 and 1960, the ROK's MP units are now commanded by the Army, Navy, Marines and Air Force HQs separately. ROK Army MPs also function as border guards at the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ).

Border guard
A border guard of a country is a national security agency that ensures border security. Some of the national border guard agencies also perform coast guard (as in Germany, Italy or Ukraine) and rescue service duties.
Minneapolis–Saint Paul International Film Festival
The Minneapolis St. Paul International Film Festival (MSPIFF) is an annual springtime film festival in the U.S. state of Minnesota that has been held since 1981.  It began as the Rivertown Film Festival of Pine City and eventually grew to become the largest film event in the Upper Midwest, with an annual attendance that exceeds 40,000.

Historically lauded for being one of the world's finest showcases of Scandinavian films, the festival features an eclectic lineup of films from more than 70 countries and cultures around the world. Locally produced material is also highlighted through a series called Minnesota Made, or MN Made.

Pine City, Minnesota
Pine City is a city in and the county seat of Pine County, in east central Minnesota, United States. The population was 3,130 at the 2020 census. Part of the city is on the Mille Lacs Indian Reservation. Founded as a railway town, it soon became a logging community and the surrounding lakes made it a resort town. Today, it is in part a commuter town for people working in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan area.
Brescia (surname)
Brescia or da Brescia is a surname derived from the city of Brescia in Italy. Notable people with the surname include:

Alfonso Brescia (1930–2001), film director

Domenico Brescia (1866–1939), composer

Fortunato Brescia Tassano (d. 1951), Italian-born Peruvian businessman

Georgia Brescia (born 1996), Italian tennis player

Giovanni Antonio da Brescia, Italian painter

Giovanni Maria da Brescia, Italian painter

Jason Michael Brescia (born 1986), American comedy writer-director

Justin Brescia (born 1982), American actor

Leonardo Brescia (1520–1582), Italian painter

Lisa Brescia (born 1970), American actress

Mario Brescia Cafferata (1929–2013), Peruvian billionaire businessman

Moretto da Brescia (c. 1498–1554), Italian painter

Pedro Brescia Cafferata (1921–2014), Peruvian businessman

Rosa Brescia Cafferata (born c. 1926), Peruvian billionaire heiress and philanthropist

Alfonso Brescia
Alfonso Brescia (6 January 1930 – 6 June 2001) was an Italian film director and screenwriter. He began working in film against his father's wishes, and eventually directed his first film Revolt of the Praetorians in 1964. Brescia worked in several genres in the Italian film industry, including five science fiction films he directed following the release of Star Wars. His work slowed down towards the late 1980s, and his last film Club Vacanze could not get distribution.
2025 Moselle Open
The 2025 Moselle Open was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hardcourts. It was the 22nd and last edition of the event, and part of the ATP 250 tournaments on the 2025 ATP Tour. It took place at the Arènes de Metz from 2 to 8 November 2025.

Moselle Open
The Moselle Open (formerly Open de Moselle from 2003 to 2010) was a professional tennis tournament held in the city of Metz and played on indoor hardcourts. It was part of the ATP Tour 250 series of the ATP Tour from 2003 until 2025. The venue for the tournament was Les Arènes de Metz from 2014 to 2025 and was previously the Parc des Expositions de Metz Métropole (from 2011 to 2013).

The tournament did not feature in the non-finalized 2026 ATP calendar announced in 2025, after it was announced that Metz will no longer conduct an ATP tournament in 2026 and going forward.
In 2025, the tournament was one of the three French events of the ATP Tour 250 series, along with the Open Occitanie and the Open 13.
Leon Exelby
Leon C. "Ex" Exelby (April 5, 1888 – September 29, 1962) was an American football player and coach of football and basketball. He played college football at Michigan Agricultural College—now known as Michigan State University—from 1907 to 1910. He was captain of the 1910 Michigan Agricultural team. Playing as a fullback, he was selected by Walter Eckersall to the 1910 All-Western college football team. Exelby served as the head football coach at the University of Wyoming for one season in 1912, compiling a record of 2–7. He was also Wyoming's head basketball coach that academic year, 1912–13, tallying a mark of 2–5.

In 1935, Exelby was in charge of the Resettlement Administration in Shiawassee County, Michigan. He died of a heart attack, on September 29, 1962, in Owosso, Michigan.

Walter Eckersall
Walter Herbert "Eckie" Eckersall (June 17, 1883 – March 24, 1930) was an American college football player, official, and sportswriter for the Chicago Tribune.

He played for the Maroons of the University of Chicago, and was elected to the College Football Hall of Fame in 1951. Eckersall was selected as the quarterback for Walter Camp's "All-Time All-America Team" honoring the greatest college football players during the sport's formative years.  He was selected to Camp's All-American teams in 1904, 1905, and 1906.
Nakiska
Nakiska is a ski resort in western Canada, in the Kananaskis Country region of the province of Alberta. It is located 83 km (52 mi) from Calgary, west on Highway 1 (Trans-Canada Highway) and south on Highway 40 (Kananaskis Trail). "Nakiska" is a Cree word meaning "to meet" or "meeting place."

Set on the east face of the southern end of Mount Allan, Nakiska has 64 trails with four chairlifts (3 high-speed quads and 1 double), 1 Reg Magic Carpet and 1 Monster Carpet) set up over an area of 3 km2 (1.2 sq mi). The longest run has 3.3 km (2.1 mi), from a top lift-served elevation of 2,258 m (7,408 ft) to the base at 1,479 m (4,852 ft).

Nakiska is owned by Resorts of the Canadian Rockies, which also owns the Fernie, Kimberley, Kicking Horse Mountain Resort, Mont Sainte Anne, and Stoneham ski resorts.

Kimberley Alpine Resort
Kimberley Alpine Resort is a ski resort in southwestern Canada, located in Kimberley, British Columbia.

In the Purcell Mountains on the northeast face of North Star Hill, Kimberley's vertical drop is 751 m (2,464 ft) with a summit elevation of 1,982 m (6,503 ft) above sea level. The ski season commonly starts in mid-December and runs until early April.

The resort maintains 80 runs (with 20% beginner, 42% intermediate, and 38% advanced trails) and five lifts: a high-speed quad chairlift (the North Star Express), a triple chair (the Easter), a double chair (the Tamarack), a T-bar (the Owl) and a magic carpet, leading to an hourly lift capacity of 6,452.

The ski area opened in 1948 as North Star with a 245-metre-long (800 ft) rope tow; a T-bar installed a decade later was over 1.8 km (1.1 mi) in length, vertically climbing 460 m (1,500 ft) in eleven minutes.

The ski resort is operated by Resorts of the Canadian Rockies
Salado culture
Salado culture, or Salado Horizon, was a human culture in the upper Salt River (río Salado) of the Tonto Basin in southeastern Arizona from approximately 1150 CE through the 15th century.

Distinguishing characteristics of the Salado include distinctive Salado Polychrome pottery, communities within walled adobe compounds, and burial of the dead (rather than cremation). The Salado were farmers, using simple irrigation techniques to water fields of maize, beans, pumpkins, amaranth, and cotton. They also hunted local game and gathered buds, leaves, and roots to supplement their diet. They traded with other cultures, as indicated by archaeological finds of seashells from the Gulf of California and macaw feathers from Mexico.

Macaw
Macaws are a group of large New World parrots that are long-tailed and often colorful, in the tribe Arini. They are popular in aviculture or as companion parrots, although there are conservation concerns about several species in the wild.
Kilikollur railway station
Kilikollur railway station (station code:KLQ) is an NSG–6 category Indian railway station in Madurai railway division of Southern Railway zone, serving the city of Kollam. The station is located on Kollam–Punalur section in Kollam district of the Indian state of Kerala. The station is one among the four railway stations serving the city of Kollam. Other railway stations in the city are Kollam Junction railway station,Kundara railway station and Eravipuram railway station. All the trains passing through have halt in this station, except the Tambaram–Kollam Special Express running on the newly commissioned Punalur–Sengottai line.

Kollam district
Kollam district (Malayalam: [kolːɐm] ⓘ), (formerly known as Quilon district) is one of 14 districts of the state of Kerala, India. The district has a cross-section of Kerala's natural attributes; it is endowed with a long coastline, a major Laccadive Sea seaport and an inland lake (Ashtamudi Lake). The district has many water bodies. Kallada River is one among them, and land on the east bank of the river is East Kallada and that on the west bank is West Kallada.
The Carlton Academy
The Carlton Academy is a secondary school in Nottinghamshire, previously known as The Wheldon School and Sports Academy. The school is sponsored by the Redhill Academy Trust, and was judged as being a good school by OFSTED in 2013. This was reaffirmed in 2017 and 2022.

The academy has 1,245 students of which 167 are enrolled in sixth form as of November 2022. In September 2014, students from the local  Sherwood E-Act Academy  which was to close, were moved to the academy. Students in Years 7 and 8 at Sherwood would not have been able to continue  their education there and were integrated into Carlton.

Sherwood Academy
Sherwood Academy (formerly Sherwood E-ACT Academy, The Gedling School and Gedling Secondary Modern) was a secondary school with academy status located in the village of Gedling, Nottinghamshire, England. At its peak, it educated almost 1000 students, and at times, taught A-Levels, O-levels, GCSEs, and BTECs. In the 21st century, the school struggled with critical Ofsted reports, leading to several major changes in management. In 2016, was eventually closed due to financial insolvency.
Gina Grad
Gina Grad (born May 1, 1978)  is an American radio personality and voice-over artist in the United States. She hosted "Andy and Gina in the Morning" weekdays on KSWD 100.3 The Sound and co-hosted The Adam Carolla Show.

Radio personality
A radio personality is a person who has an on-air position in radio broadcasting. A radio personality who hosts a radio show is also known as a radio host (North American English), radio presenter (British English) or radio jockey. Radio personalities who introduce and play individual selections of recorded music are known as disc jockeys or "DJs" for short. Broadcast radio personalities may include talk radio hosts, AM/FM radio show hosts, and satellite radio program hosts, and non-host contributors to radio programs, such as reporter
Silesian grammar
The grammar of the Silesian language is characterized by a high degree of inflection, and has relatively free word order, although the dominant arrangement is subject–verb–object (SVO). There commonly are no articles, and there is frequent dropping of subject pronouns. Distinctive features include the different treatment of masculine personal nouns in the plural, and the complex grammar of numerals and quantifiers.

Word order
In linguistics, word order (also known as linear order) is the order of the syntactic constituents of a language. Word order typology studies it from a cross-linguistic perspective, and examines how languages employ different orders. Correlations between orders found in different syntactic sub-domains are also of interest.
Sita Sings the Blues
Sita Sings the Blues is a 2008 American animated musical romantic comedy-drama film written, directed, produced and animated by American artist Nina Paley. It intersperses events from the Ramayana, light-hearted but knowledgeable discussion of historical background by a trio of Indian shadow puppets, musical interludes voiced with tracks by Annette Hanshaw and scenes from the artist's own life. The ancient mythological and modern biographical plot are parallel tales, sharing numerous themes.

Kaikeyi
Kaikeyi,(Sanskrit: कैकेयी, IAST: Kaikeyī) is a princess of Kekeya and the queen of Kosala in the Hindu epic Ramayana. Kaikeyi is the third and favourite consort of King Dasharatha, who ruled Kosala from its capital, Ayodhya. She is the mother of Bharata.

Out of Dasharatha's three wives, Kaikeyi exerts the most influence. Formerly the princess of Kekeya, she is described to have served as an able counsellor to her husband during times of war. Initially loving and motherly towards her stepson, Prince Rama, Kaikeyi's mind is poisoned by Manthara, her maid. Under her influence, Rama is exiled to the forest for a period of fourteen years.
International Animal Rescue
International Animal Rescue (IAR) is a British wildlife protection and conservation non-profit organisation. IAR aims to protect and mitigate threats to wildlife and habitats.

IAR performs hands-on rescue when necessary to reduce the suffering of animals, aiming to rehabilitate and return them to the wild if possible. Animals that cannot be released are provided with permanent sanctuary.

Its work includes freeing and caring for captive bears in India and Armenia, rescuing and rehabilitating orangutans and other primates in Indonesia, and treating injured and orphaned wildlife in Costa Rica. IAR strives to educate the public in the humane treatment of all animals and the preservation of the natural environment. International Animal Rescue has offices in the United Kingdom and the United States.

Tame bear
A tame bear, often called a dancing bear, is a wild bear captured when young or born and bred in captivity. These bears have been used to entertain people in streets or taverns. Dancing bears were commonplace throughout Europe and Asia from the Middle Ages to the 19th century, and can still be found in the 21st century in some countries. In these countries, organizations and animal rights activists have sought to eliminate the practice, citing the mistreatment and abuse used to train the bears.
2000 IAAF World Cross Country Championships – Men's short race
The Men's short race at the 2000 IAAF World Cross Country Championships was held at the Sporting Complex in Vilamoura, Portugal, on March 18, 2000.  Reports of the event were given in The New York Times, in the Glasgow Herald, and for the IAAF.

Complete results for individuals, for teams, medallists, and the results of British athletes who took part were published.

The Herald (Glasgow)
The Herald is a Scottish broadsheet newspaper founded in 1783. The Herald is the longest running national newspaper in the world and is the eighth oldest daily paper in the world. The title was simplified from The Glasgow Herald in 1992. Following the closure of the Sunday Herald, the Herald on Sunday was launched as a Sunday edition on 9 September 2018.
Mozart Mimms
Mozart Mimms (April 30, 1918-March 18, 2023) was a Canadian-American trade unionist.

Born in 1918 in Allensville, Kentucky, he was the youngest of 8 children. His parents were tobacco farmers and his grandparents had been held in slavery. He grew up in segregated Kentucky and spent four years in the U.S. Army during World War II. After the war, he earned a degree from Tennessee State University.

Mimms emigrated to British Columbia and began working in Vancouver in 1952 as a sleeping car porter with the Canadian Pacific Railway. Mimms spent decades as a leader in the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, including the union's president. As of 2020, he was living at Royal City Manor Long Term Care in New Westminster. In 2022, at the age of 104, Unifor honoured Mimms at their annual convention with the Neil Reimer Award. He died in March 2023.

Unifor
Unifor is a Canadian general trade union founded in 2013 as a merger of the Canadian Auto Workers (CAW) and Communications, Energy and Paperworkers unions. It consists of 310,000 workers, and associate members in industries including manufacturing, media, aviation, forestry and fishing, making it the largest private sector union in Canada. In January 2018, the union left the Canadian Labour Congress, Canada's national trade union centre, to become independent.

The union elected Jerry Dias, a former union leader at de Havilland's facility in Downsview, as its first president on August 31, 2013. He announced his retirement on March 12, 2022, for health reasons.
Anilios aspina
Anilios aspina, also known as the no-spined blind snake, is a species of blind snake that is endemic to Australia. The specific epithet aspina (“without spines”) refers to the snake's diagnostic lack of a terminal tail spine.

Spine (zoology)
In a zoological context, spines are hard, needle-like anatomical structures found in both vertebrate and invertebrate species. The spines of most spiny mammals are modified hairs, with a spongy center covered in a thick, hard layer of keratin and a sharp, sometimes barbed tip.