hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Yariv reagent
Yariv reagent (1,3,5-tri(p-glycosyloxyphenylazo)-2,4,6-trihydroxybenzene) is a glycosylated phenolic compound that binds strongly to galactans and arabinogalactan proteins. It can therefore be used in their detection, quantification, precipitation, isolation, staining, and interfere with their function. It was initially synthesised in 1962 as an antigen for carbohydrate-binding antibodies but has subsequently become more broadly used. There are many variants of Yariv reagents which vary in the glycosyl groups on the outside of the structure, typically glucose, galactose, and mannose.

A biographical article about Joseph Yariv was published by the Journal of Applied Crystallography.

Galactan
Galactan (galactosan) is a polysaccharide consisting of polymerized galactose. In general, galactans in natural sources contain a core of galactose units connected by α(1→3) or α(1→6), with structures containing other monosaccharides as side-chains.

Galactan derived from Anogeissus latifolia is primarily α(1→6), but galactan from acacia trees is primarily α(1→3).

Halymenia durvillei is a red seaweed (algae) that produces a sulfated galactan. Several other algae species also contain galactans. Including Carpopeltis F.Schmitz, 1895.

Galactan is found in the side chains of rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) and is needed for gel formation in the cell walls of organisms. It was observed there was less of the gelling characteristic (as well as the polymeric chains being more likely to degrade) when fewer galactans were present in the polymeric side chains.
Mary Apick
Mary Apick (Persian: مری آپیک; born (1954-06-16)June 16, 1954 in Tehran) is an Iranian-born stage, television and film actress. She won the award for Best Actress at the 10th Moscow International Film Festival for her role in the 1977 film Dead End. She is of Iranian-Armenian ethnicity.

In the 1960s, Apick was in the first Iranian made television program titled Amir Arsalan alongside Parviz Sayyad.

In 2019, Apick starred in the movie Samir with Sprague Grayden, Michelle Lukes, and Peter Greene.

Amir Arsalan
Amir Arsalan-e Namdar (Persian: امیر ارسلان نامدار) is a popular Persian epic, which was told to Nasser al-Din Shah Qajar, the Qajar Shah of Persia in the 19th century (though the Persian legend itself is much older), by a storyteller named Mohammad Ali Naqib ol-Mamalek (Persian: میرزا محمدعلی نقیب‌الممالک).  Mohammad never transcribed the poem himself, but Fachr-ed-Douleh, the daughter of the Shah—who also loved the story—eventually transcribed it and preserved it for posterity.
Ali Asghar Asiabari
Ali Asghar Asiabari is an Iranian karateka. He won the silver medal in the men's kumite 75 kg event at the 2017 World Games in Wrocław, Poland. He won the silver medal in the men's 75 kg event at the 2021 Islamic Solidarity Games held in Konya, Turkey.

2021 Islamic Solidarity Games
‌The 2021 Islamic Solidarity Games (Turkish: 2021 İslami Dayanışma Oyunları) were the 5th edition of the event held from 9 to 18 August 2022 at Konya, Turkey under the aegis of Islamic Solidarity Sports Federation (ISSF). It was the first time in history that the event was organised by the Turkish Olympic Committee.

Formerly scheduled to take place from 20 to 29 August 2021, the event was postponed to be held from 10 to 19 September 2021 in July 2020 by the ISSF because the original dates were coinciding with the 2020 Summer Olympics, which were postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In May 2021, the ISSF postponed the event to August 2022 citing the COVID-19 pandemic situation in the participating countries.
Hostel (2022 film)
Hostel is a 2022 Indian Tamil-language comedy horror film directed by Sumanth Radhakrishnan and produced by Trident Arts. The film is a remake of the 2015 Malayalam film Adi Kapyare Kootamani co-written and directed by John Varghese. The film stars Ashok Selvan and Priya Bhavani Shankar with a supporting cast including Sathish, Nassar and Munishkanth. The film's music is composed by Bobo Shashi, with cinematography handled by Praveen Kumar and editing done by Ragul.  The film was released in theatres on 28 April 2022.

Nassar (actor)
Nassar (born Muhammad Hanif; 5 March 1958) is an Indian actor, director, producer, voice artist, singer and politician who mainly works in the Tamil, Telugu and Malayalam film industries. He has also worked in a few Kannada,  English, Hindi  and Bengali films. He is the incumbent president of the Nadigar Sangam, a trade union for film, television, and stage actors in Tamil Nadu.
490th Civil Affairs Battalion
The 490th Civil Affairs Battalion is a civil affairs (CA) unit of the United States Army Reserve located at the Grand Prairie Armed Forces Reserve Complex in Grand Prairie, Texas and organized under the 321st Civil Affairs Brigade, 350th Civil Affairs Command, United States Army Civil Affairs and Psychological Operations Command (Airborne) or USACAPOC. The 490th is composed of Headquarters and Headquarters Company (HHC) and its four tactical companies, Alpha, Bravo, Charlie, and Delta. The unit was activated for service during World War II, the Berlin Crisis, and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF).

Grand Prairie, Texas
Grand Prairie is a city in the U.S. state of Texas, located in Dallas, Tarrant,  and  Ellis  counties with a small part extending into Johnson county. It is part of the Mid-Cities region in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex. It had a population of 175,396 according to the 2010 census, making it the fifteenth most populous city in the state. Remaining the 15th-most populous city in Texas, the 2020 census reported a population of 196,100.
Koundian, Mali
Koundian  is a small town and commune in the Cercle of Bafoulabé in the Kayes Region of south-western Mali. In the 2009 census the commune had a population of 14,075.

The Toucouleur leader El Hadj Umar Tall built a tata near the village in 1857. The design and construction, which took 5 months, was supervised by the engineer Samba Ndiaye. Along with the tatas of Koniakary, Saboucire, and Mourgoula, it protected the heart of the Toucouleur Empire from French encroachment. The fort was captured by French troops led by Louis Archinard on February 18th, 1889, and dismantled.

Tata (fortification)
A tata or tata somba is a historic type of fortification used throughout West Africa. The word is applied to the wall itself as well as the elite living spaces within it for the ruler of the tata and his court. It can also designate the defenses around a major city or other military center. The term 'tata' derives from the Mandinka language but has been used across a wide area, roughly corresponding to the former Mali Empire, since at least the 16th century.

Tata are often made of wood and rammed earth or mudbrick, but sometimes of stone as well. They usually have round or square towers, sometimes thatched, with arrow or gun slits.

Tata ruins, such as that of Maba Diakhou Bâ near Nioro du Rip in Senegal, generally date from the 19th century, though some are older. The construction materials used make them vulnerable to erosion and degradation if not maintained regularly. The tata of northern Togo and Benin are a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Great stellated 120-cell
In geometry, the great stellated  120-cell or great stellated polydodecahedron is a regular star 4-polytope with Schläfli symbol {5/2,3,5}. It is one of 10 regular Schläfli-Hess polytopes.

It is one of four regular star 4-polytopes discovered by Ludwig Schläfli. It is named by John Horton Conway, extending the naming system by Arthur Cayley for the Kepler-Poinsot solids.

Arthur Cayley
Arthur Cayley FRS (/ˈkeɪli/; 16 August 1821 – 26 January 1895) was an English mathematician who worked mostly on algebra. He helped found the modern British school of pure mathematics, and was a professor at Trinity College, Cambridge for 35 years.

He postulated what is now known as the Cayley–Hamilton theorem—that every square matrix is a root of its own characteristic polynomial, and verified it for matrices of order 2 and 3. He was the first to define the concept of an abstract group, a set with a binary operation satisfying certain laws, as opposed to Évariste Galois' concept of permutation groups. In group theory, Cayley tables, Cayley graphs, and Cayley's theorem are named in his honour, as well as Cayley's formula in combinatorics.
CyberResistance
CyberResistance (Ukrainian: КіберСпротив) – is a team of Ukrainian hacktivists which participates in Russian - Ukrainian cyber warfare on the Ukrainian side. The team conducts hacking of electronic mailboxes and web resources related to the military, propaganda and state administrative organizations of the Russian Federation.

Since the beginning of 2023, Cyber Resistance has been publishing on the Telegram social network a large number of materials obtained through hacking, as well as analytical notes based on the information obtained from these materials. In addition, the CyberResistance materials became a starting point for investigations performed by the InformNapalm community and journalists in several countries outside of Ukraine. In its activities, CyberResistance cooperates with the Center of National Resistance, the volunteer association Center "Myrotvorets" and others.

Myrotvorets
Myrotvorets or Mirotvorets (Ukrainian: Миротво́рець, pronounced [mɪroˈtwɔretsʲ]; lit. 'Peacemaker') is a Ukrainian Kyiv-based website that publishes a running list, and sometimes personal information, of people who are considered by authors of the website to be "enemies of Ukraine", or, as the website itself states, "whose actions have signs of crimes against the national security of Ukraine, peace, human security, and the international law". The website was launched in December 2014 by Ukrainian politician and activist Georgy Tuka. The publishing of personal information on the site has been criticized by human rights organizations.
Alexander Kravchenko (revolutionary)
Alexander Diomidovich Kravchenko (Russian: Александр Диомидович Кравченко; born 1881 in Voronezh died 21 November 1923 in Rostov-on-Don) was a Russian revolutionary, agronomist and partisan who fought against Admiral Kolchak's White forces in Siberia in 1919 during the Russian Civil War.

White Army
The White Army, also known as the White Guard, the White Guardsmen, or simply the Whites, was a common collective name for the armed formations of the White movement and anti-Bolshevik governments during the Russian Civil War. They fought against the Red Army of Soviet Russia.

When it was created, the structure of the Russian Army during the period of the Russian Provisional Government was used, while almost every individual formation had its own characteristics. The military art of the White Army was based on the experience of the First World War which left a strong imprint on the specifics of the Russian Civil War.
Brexit in popular culture
Brexit is the commonly used term for the United Kingdom's withdrawal from the European Union on 31 January 2020, which resulted from a referendum on 23 June 2016. This article details the mostly critical response to this decision in the visual art, novels, theatre, and film.

Glossary of Brexit terms
In the wake of the referendum held in the United Kingdom on 23 June 2016, many new pieces of Brexit-related jargon entered popular use.

The word "Brexit" was named as Word of the Year 2016 by the publishers of Collins English Dictionary.
2020 Hong Kong Garrison helicopter crash
A military helicopter of Hong Kong Garrison of Chinese People's Liberation Army crashed in Tai Lam Country Park, Hong Kong on 30 March 2020 during a flight training operation, reportedly killing four. The news was only confirmed a day later but no information was released regarding the crew. This is the first recorded aircraft accident involving the Chinese troops in Hong Kong since handover, and raised speculation on the details.

Tai Lam Country Park
Tai Lam Country Park, established on 23 February 1979, is a country park located in Tai Lam, at the south of Yuen Long Town, Kam Tin and Shek Kong and east of Tuen Mun Town, in the western New Territories of Hong Kong. This country park has an area of 54 km2.
Minister of Women, Children and Senior Citizens
The Minister of Women, Children and Senior Citizens (Nepali: महिला, बालबालिका तथा ज्येष्ठ नागरिक मन्त्री) is the head of the Ministry of Women, Children and Senior Citizens of the Government of Nepal. One of the senior-most officers in the Federal Cabinet, the minister is responsibility to formulate policies for social and economic empowerment to promote the role of women, children, senior citizens and various sections of the society in the sustainable peace and development of the country.

The current minister is Shradha Shrestha, who assumed office on 12 December 2025 and under the interim government.

Karki interim cabinet
An interim government was formed in Nepal on 12 September 2025 after the Generation Z-led mass anti-corruption protests that overthrew the government of the prime minister, K. P. Sharma Oli. With the dissolution of the second federal parliament on 12 September 2025, the new cabinet led by interim Prime Minister Sushila Karki will remain in office until a successor government is appointed upon a general election.
Don Williams Volume Two
Don Williams Volume Two is the second studio album by American country music singer and songwriter Don Williams. Released in January of 1974 on the JMI Records label, the album reached number 13 on the US Country Albums Chart. "Atta Way to Go" was released in 1973 as a single preceding the album, and "We Should Be Together" and "Down the Road I Go" were released as singles in 1974.

Lloyd Green
Lloyd Lamar Green (born October 4, 1937) is an American pedal steel guitarist and session musician. Green was a member of the country music studio musician collective known as the Nashville A-Team, and has performed on more than 5,000 recordings, for artists such as Charley Pride, The Byrds, Johnny Cash, The Monkees, Don Williams, Paul McCartney, and Bob Dylan. His playing on The Byrds' 1968 album Sweetheart of the Rodeo influenced generations of steel guitarists. Green was inducted into the Steel Guitar Hall of Fame in 1988.
Persewar Waropen
Persatuan Sepakbola Waropen (commonly known as Persewar) is an Indonesian professional football club based in Waropen Regency, Papua, Indonesia. Persewar Waropen's nickname is Mutiara Bakau. They play their home matches at Mandala Stadium. In December 2018, they secured promotion to the Liga 2. The club will play in the Liga 4 next season, after they withdrew from the Liga Nusantara competition in the 2025/26 season.

Waropen Regency
Waropen Regency is one of the regencies (kabupaten) in Papua Province, Indonesia. The Regency covers an area of 10,843.97 km2, and it had a population of 24,639 at the 2010 Census and 33,943 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 37,643 - comprising 19,754 males and 17,889 females. The capital is the town of Botawa.

Originally, this area comprised those districts of the former Yapen Waropen Regency which lay on the Papuan mainland, but that regency was split in two on 12 November 2002 (effective on 11 December 2002), to form the Waropen Regency on the Papuan mainland and the Yapen Islands Regency (consisting of Yapen Island and some smaller islands) in Cenderawasih Bay.

The Waropen language is spoken in the regency. The main ethnic groups that inhabit this regency are the Waropen people, and the Biak who generally inhabit coastal areas.
1948 Goodwood Trophy
The Goodwood Trophy Race was a Formula One motor race held at the inaugural meeting at Goodwood Circuit, West Sussex on 18 September 1948. The race was held over five laps and was won by Reg Parnell in a Maserati 4CLT/48. ERA drivers Bob Gerard and David Hampshire were second and third, with Gerard setting fastest lap.

Goodwood Circuit
Goodwood Circuit is a historic venue for both two- and four-wheeled motorsport in the United Kingdom. The 2.367-mile (3.809 km) circuit is situated near Chichester, West Sussex, close to the south coast of England, on the estate of Goodwood House, and completely encircles Chichester/Goodwood Airport. This is the racing circuit dating from 1948, not to be confused with the separate hillclimb course located at Goodwood House and first used in 1936.
Bartolomeo Bianco
Bartolomeo Bianco (1590 – 1657) was an Italian architect of the early Baroque.

Born at Como, he was the designer of several palaces in Genoa, where he moved to follow his father, also an architect. His works include  the building which is now the centerpiece of the University of Genoa, the  Palazzo Balbi at Campomorone and the Palazzo Rocca at Chiavari.

He died in the second year of the two-year plague outbreak that halved the population of the city.

Chiavari
Chiavari (Italian pronunciation: [ˈkjaːvari]; Ligurian: Ciävai [ˈtʃaːvaj]) is a seaside town and municipality in the Metropolitan City of Genoa in the region of Liguria in Italy. As of 2025, with a population of 27,442, it is the 3rd-largest municipality in the metropolitan city and the 7th-largest in Liguria.

It has a beachside promenade and a marina and is situated near the river Entella.
Star Trek Concordance
The Star Trek Concordance is a reference book by Bjo Trimble about the television series Star Trek.  The first edition was self-published in 1969.  A mass-market edition was published in 1976.  The 1976 edition contains summaries from every episode of The Original Series and The Animated Series, as well as an encyclopedia of characters and technology from the series. It was used as a reference (show bible) for later writers of the show.

Bible (screenwriting)
A bible, also known as a show bible or pitch bible, is a reference document used by screenwriters for information on characters, settings, and other elements of a television, film or video game project.
Demir Vlonjati
Demir Vlonjati (c. 1780–1845) born Demir Mystehaku and also known as Demir Aga Vlonjakasi  was an Albanian folk singer, composer and poet.

Demir Mystehaku was born in Matogjin, southern Albania around 1780 and died there in 1845. He became a famous singer and created a new genre of Albanian polyphonic music named demirçe after him. This genre influenced the works of another famous composer from the same region, Qazim Ademi. In 1845 he wrote an octosyllabic poem in nineteen quatrains condemning a massacre in Vlorë region committed by Ottoman Turkish forces that year and the negative effects of the Tanzimat on Albania.

Quatrain
A quatrain is a type of stanza, or a complete poem, consisting of four lines.

Existing in a variety of forms, the quatrain appears in poems from the poetic traditions of various ancient civilizations including Persia, Ancient India, Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome, and China, and continues into the 21st century, where it is seen in works published in many languages.

This form of poetry has been continually popular in Iran since the medieval period, as Ruba'is form; an important faction of the vast repertoire of Persian poetry, with famous poets such as Omar Khayyam and Mahsati Ganjavi of Seljuk Persia writing poetry only in this format.

Michel de Nostredame (Nostradamus) used the quatrain form to deliver his famous "prophecies" in the 16th century.

There are fifteen possible rhyme schemes, but the most traditional and common are ABAA, AAAA, ABAB, and ABBA.
Michael Rothberg
Michael Rothberg is an American literature and memory studies scholar. He is a professor of English and Comparative Literature and the 1939 Society Samuel Goetz Chair in Holocaust Studies at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). He was the founding director of the Initiative in Holocaust, Genocide, and Memory Studies at University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

Memory studies
Memory studies is an academic field studying the use of memory as a tool for remembering the past. It emerged as a new and different way for scholars to think about past events at the end of the 20th century. Memory is the past made present and is a contemporary phenomenon, something that, while concerned with the past, happens in the present; and second, that memory is a form of work, working through, labor, or action.
Kraszewice, Łódź Voivodeship
Kraszewice [kraʂɛˈvit͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Masłowice, within Radomsko County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) south of Masłowice, 24 km (15 mi) east of Radomsko, and 83 km (52 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

Radomsko
Radomsko (pronounced [raˈdɔmskɔ] ⓘ) is a city in south-central Poland with 44,700 inhabitants (2021). It is situated on the Radomka river in the Łódź Voivodeship. It is the county seat of Radomsko County.

Founded in the 11th century, Radomsko is a former royal city located within the Sieradz Land, which prospered as a trade center due to its location at the intersection of important trade routes. In the 14th century, it was the site of congresses at which Princess Jadwiga of Poland was chosen as Queen of Poland as the country's first female monarch. Due to particularly strong partisan resistance against German occupiers during World War II, it was dubbed Banditenstadt ("City of Bandits") by the Germans.

It is located on the main railway line connecting Warsaw and Katowice, the country's two largest metropolitan areas, and on the main highway connecting Gdańsk and Łódź with Katowice, part of the European route E75.
2026 Soma Bay Open – Doubles
Sergey Betov and Daniil Ostapenkov were the defending champions but lost in the first round to Max Westphal and Theodore Winegar.

Erik Grevelius and Adam Heinonen won the title after defeating Alex Hernández and Rodrigo Pacheco Méndez 6–2, 6–3 in the final.

Adam Heinonen
Adam Heinonen (born 22 August 2002) is a Swedish tennis player.

Heinonen has a career high ATP singles ranking of No. 735 achieved on 17 February 2025 and a career high ATP doubles ranking of No. 184 achieved on 2 February 2026.

Heinonen made his ATP main draw debut at the 2024 Stockholm Open after receiving a wildcard into the doubles main draw with Leo Borg.

Heinonen represents Sweden at the Davis Cup, though he has not yet appeared in a match.
Through the Years (Cilla Black album)
Through the Years is Cilla Black's fourteenth solo studio album, released in 1993. It features cover versions, re-recordings of some of her best known songs, duets with other singers, and new songs.

The album peaked at no.41 in the UK Albums Chart and was Black's first studio album to appear in the charts since Sweet Inspiration in 1970, which had eventually climbed to no.42.

Duet
A duet (Italian: duo or duetto) is a musical composition for two performers in which the performers have equal importance to the piece, often a composition involving two singers or two pianists. It differs from a harmony, as the performers take turns performing a solo section rather than performing simultaneously. A piece performed by two pianists performing together on the same piano is a "piano duet" or "piano four hands". A piece for two pianists performing together on separate pianos is a "piano duo".

"Duet" is also used as a verb for the act of performing a musical duet, or colloquially as a noun to refer to the performers of a duet.

A musical ensemble with more than two solo instruments or voices is called a trio, quartet, quintet, sextet, septet, octet, etc.
Mount Ku
Mount Ku (Kazakh: Қу тауы) is a mountain massif in the Karkaraly District, Karaganda Region, Kazakhstan.

Yegindybulak village lies at the feet of the southwestern slopes of the mountain. The Ku Zazaznik, a 33,500 hectares (83,000 acres) protected area, is located in Mount Ku.

Karaganda Region
Karaganda Region is a region of Kazakhstan. Its capital is Karaganda. The region borders Akmola and Pavlodar Region to the north; Abai Region to the east; Jetisu, Almaty, and Zhambyl Regions to the south; and Kostanay and Ulytau regions to the west.

In 2022, the western parts of this region was split off and became the Ulytau Region.