hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Embassy of Estonia, Washington, D.C.
Estonian Embassy (Estonian: Eesti Suursaatkond Washingtonis) is the Republic of Estonia's diplomatic mission to the United States. 
It is located at 2131 Massachusetts Avenue, in Northwest, Washington, D.C., at the intersection with 22nd Street in the Embassy Row neighborhood.

The Republic of Estonia, along with Latvia and Lithuania, maintained a diplomatic mission throughout the years of Soviet domination; the Estonian Consulate General was based in New York City at 9 Rockefeller Plaza. With Estonia's independence in 1991, the legation quickly sought a new home, and in 1994 purchased the expansive rowhouse, which takes advantage of one of Washington's many angled intersections with an entrance through its corner turret, behind a Greek Doric screen.

Baltic Legations (1940–1991)
The Baltic Legations were the missions of the exiled Baltic diplomatic services from 1940 to 1991. After the Soviet occupation of the Baltic states in 1940, the Baltic states instructed their diplomats to maintain their countries' legations in several Western capitals. Members of the Estonian diplomatic service, the Latvian diplomatic service and the Lithuanian diplomatic service continued to be recognised as the diplomatic representatives of the independent pre-World War II states of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, whose annexation by the Soviet Union was not recognised by the United States, the United Kingdom, or France. The legations provided consular services to exiled citizens of the Baltic states from 1940 to 1991.
German submarine U-1021
German submarine U-1021 was a Type VIIC/41 U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.

Laid down on 6 May 1943 at the Blohm & Voss yard in Hamburg, the submarine was launched on 13 April 1944, and commissioned on 25 May 1944, under the command of Oberleutnant zur See William Holpert.

Blohm+Voss
Blohm+Voss (B+V), also written historically as Blohm & Voss, Blohm und Voß etc., is a German shipbuilding and engineering company. Founded in Hamburg in 1877 to specialise in steel-hulled ships, its most famous product was the World War II battleship Bismarck. In the 1930s, its owners established the Hamburger Flugzeugbau aircraft manufacturer which, shortly before the outbreak of World War II, adopted the name of its parent company. Following a difficult period after the war, B+V was revived, changing ownership among several owners, such as Thyssen Group and Star Capital.

In 2016 it became a subsidiary of Lürssen and supplied both the military and civilian markets before becoming subsidiary of Rheinmetall in 2025.

The company  serves two areas – new construction of warships as NVL B.V. & Co. KG, and new construction and refitting of megayachts.
Jonas Acus-Acukas
Jonas Asevicius-Acus-Acukas (July 29, 1885 in Jieznas – July 11, 1976 in Kaunas) was a Lithuanian army officer and chemist. From 1909 to 1918, he served in the Imperial Russian Army at Kaunas Fortress. He fought in the First World War and the Russian Civil War. In 1921 he returned to Lithuania and was mobilized into the Lithuanian Armed Forces, where he attained the rank of colonel (1927) and served until 1940. Acus graduated from Vytautas Magnus University in 1930. He lectured on chemistry and commodity science at Vytautas Magnus University (1934–1940), Vilnius University (1940–1950), and Lithuanian University of Agriculture (1951–1957). He wrote textbooks on foundations of commodity science (1949) and a short course in physical chemistry (1957). Acus was awarded the Commander's Crosses of the Order of Vytautas the Great (1938) and the Order of the Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas (1928).

Vytautas Magnus University
Vytautas Magnus University (VMU) (Lithuanian: Vytauto Didžiojo universitetas, VDU) is a public university in Kaunas, Lithuania. The university was founded in 1922 during the interwar period as an alternate national university.

Initially it was known as the University of Lithuania, but in 1930 the university was renamed to Vytautas Magnus University, commemorating the 500th anniversary of the death of the Lithuanian ruler Vytautas the Great, who is known for the nation's greatest historical expansion in the 15th century.

It is one of the leading universities of Lithuania, and has about 8,800 students, including Master's students and Ph.D. candidates There are a little over 1000 employees, including approximately 90 professors.
Radical 169
Radical 169 or radical gate (門部) meaning "gate" or "door" is one of the 9 Kangxi radicals (214 radicals in total) composed of 8 strokes.

In the Kangxi Dictionary, there are 246 characters (out of 49,030) to be found under this radical.

门, the simplified form of 門, is the 47th indexing component in the Table of Indexing Chinese Character Components predominantly adopted by Simplified Chinese dictionaries published in mainland China, while the traditional form 門 is listed as its associated indexing component.

Chinese character radicals
A radical (Chinese: 部首; pinyin: bùshǒu; lit. 'section header'), or indexing component, is a visually prominent component of a Chinese character under which the character is traditionally listed in a Chinese dictionary. The radical for a character is typically a semantic component, but it can also be another structural component or an artificially extracted portion of the character. In some cases, the original semantic or phonological connection has become obscure, owing to changes in the meaning or pronunciation of the character over time.

The use of the English term radical is based on an analogy between the structure of Chinese characters and the inflection of words in European languages. Radicals are also sometimes called classifiers, but this name is more commonly applied to the grammatical measure words in Chinese.
Carolingian church
The Carolingian Church encompasses  the practices and institutions of Christianity in the Frankish kingdoms under the rule of the Carolingian dynasty (751-888). In the eighth and ninth centuries, Western Europe witnessed decisive developments in the structure and organisation of the church, relations between secular and religious authorities, monastic life, theology, and artistic endeavours. Christianity was the principal religion of the Carolingian Empire. Through military conquests and missionary activity, Latin Christendom expanded into new areas, such as Saxony and Bohemia. These developments owed much to the leadership of Carolingian rulers themselves, especially Charlemagne and Louis the Pious, whose courts encouraged successive waves of religious reform and viewed Christianity as a unifying force in their empire.

Val Müstair
Val Müstair (German: Münstertal, pronounced [ˈmʏnstərˌtaːl]) is a municipality in the Engiadina Bassa/Val Müstair Region in the Swiss canton of the Grisons. It was formed on 1 January 2009 through the merger of Tschierv, Fuldera, Lü, Valchava, Santa Maria Val Müstair and Müstair.
Ryan Downe
Ryan Downe Karpf is an American musician and audio engineer. His debut album The Hypocrite was released in 1996 by Elton John's label, The Rocket Record Company. Two music videos were produced to promote this album: "Where Am I Gonna Run To" and "Scratch". Downe opened for both The Who and Iggy Pop during their 1997 tours.  Later he and his guitarist Johannes Luley opened Freudenhaus Recording Studio in San Francisco. It was during this time that Downe is credited with co-engineering and playing/singing on the Grammy Award-nominated album, Arepa  3000, by Los Amigos Invisibles. Downe then joined up with Luley, keyboardist Tom Lynham and drummer / co-lead-singer Matt Swindells to create the band Moth Vellum with whom he released one album.

Downe is a co-founder and chief creative officer at High Fidelity, Inc., an American social virtual reality company.

Los Amigos Invisibles
Los Amigos Invisibles (Spanish for "The Invisible Friends") is a Venezuelan band which plays a blend of disco, acid jazz and funk mixed with Latin rhythms.  In addition to releasing eleven critically acclaimed albums, the band have been lauded internationally for their explosive live shows, spanning nearly 60 countries. They are considered the Venezuelan band with the greatest international recognition.
Imperial Crown of the Holy Roman Empire
The Imperial Crown of the Holy Roman Empire (German: Reichskrone), a hoop crown (Bügelkrone) with a characteristic octagonal shape, was the coronation crown of the Holy Roman Emperor, probably from the late 10th century until the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806. The crown was used in the coronation of the King of the Romans, the title assumed by the Emperor-elect immediately after his election. It is now kept in the Imperial Treasury (Kaiserliche Schatzkammer) at the Hofburg in Vienna, Austria.

Coronation crown
A coronation crown is a crown used by a monarch when being crowned. In some monarchies, monarchs have or had a number of crowns for different occasions, such as a coronation crown for the moment of coronation and a state  crown for general usage in state ceremonial.
Eye of the Stalker
Eye of the Stalker (a.k.a. Moment of Truth: Eye of the Stalker and Eye of the Stalker: A Moment of Truth Story) is a 1995 American made-for-television thriller film directed by Reza Badiyi. Based on a true story, the film is an original Moment of Truth movie that stars Brooke Langton, Joanna Cassidy and Jere Burns.

Reza Badiyi
Reza Sayed Badiyi (also known as Reza Badiei; Persian: رضا بدیعی; April 17, 1930 – August 20, 2011) was an Iranian-born American film and television director. His credits also include developing the title sequence montages for Mission: Impossible, Hawaii Five-O, Get Smart, and The Mary Tyler Moore Show.
Ramyatna Shukla
Ramyatna Shukla, also written Ram Yatna Shukla (1932−2022) was an Indian scholar and linguist of the Sanskrit Language from Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh and contributed to conserving ancient and Sanskrit texts. He was the President of Kashi Vidvat Parishad, a body of scholars and saints in India. He was also known as Abhinav Panini, named after Sanskrit philologist and grammarian Pāṇini. He contributed to inventing new methods of Sanskrit grammar and Vedanta teaching and modernization. He was the recipient of Padma Shri in 2021. He ran a program to connect the new generation with Sanskrit by providing free education.

Sanskrit grammar
The grammar of the Sanskrit language has a complex verbal system, rich nominal declension, and extensive use of compound nouns. It was studied and codified by Sanskrit grammarians from the later Vedic period (roughly 8th century BCE), culminating in the Pāṇinian grammar of the 4th century BCE.
Facebuster
A facebuster, also known as a faceplant, is a takedown move in professional wrestling in which an attacking wrestler forces their opponent down to the mat face-first without involving a headlock or facelock. A standard facebuster, also known as a jumping facebuster, involves the wrestler grabbing hold of the opponent's head/hair and dropping down to their knees, forcing the opponent's face into the mat.

Grappling hold
A grappling hold, commonly referred to simply as a hold that in Japanese is referred to as katame-waza (固め技 "grappling technique"), is any specific grappling, wrestling, judo, or other martial art grip that is applied to an opponent. Grappling holds are used principally to control the opponent and to advance in points or positioning. The holds may be categorized by their function, such as clinching, pinning, or submission, while others can be classified by their anatomical effect: chokehold, headlock, joint-lock, or compression lock. Multiple categories may be appropriate for some of these holds.
Razakar slogans
Razakar slogans were a series of protest chants from the 2024 Bangladesh quota reform movement. The slogans became the main rallying cry of the movement and played a significant role in the July Revolution. The slogans emerged following Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina reference to protesting students as "grandchildren of Razakars" during a July press conference.

The slogans have been both praised as a mechanism to counter the deliberate political 'labelling' by the incumbent Awami League government of protesters into freedom fighters (e.g. in favour power of liberation) or Razakar (e.g. the opposite power of liberation); and have also been criticised as running against the dominant political narrative of the Bangladesh liberation war.

Freedom fighter
A freedom fighter is a person engaged in a struggle to achieve political freedom, particularly against an established government. The term is typically reserved for those who are actively involved in armed or otherwise violent rebellion.
Dartfish (company)
Dartfish is a company based in Fribourg, Switzerland. The company develops online and offline video software to enable users to view, edit and analyse videos for individual and corporate use. The company was founded in 1999 at the Swiss Institute of Technology EPFL and has offices in Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Sophia Antipolis, France; Sydney, Australia; Tokyo, Japan; and Seoul, South Korea.

Video editing software
Video editing software or a video editor is software used for performing the post-production video editing of digital video sequences on a non-linear editing system (NLE). It has replaced traditional flatbed celluloid film editing tools and analog video tape editing machines.

Video editing software serves a lot of purposes, such as filmmaking, audio commentary, and general editing of video content.

In NLE software, the user manipulates sections of video, images, and audio on a sequence. These clips can be trimmed, cut, and manipulated in many different ways. When editing is finished, the user exports the sequence as a video file.
Flushing Meadows (film)
Flushing Meadows is a 1965 American short film by Joseph Cornell with Larry Jordan. The film is 8 minutes long, in color, 16mm, and silent.

The film is an ode to the memory of Joyce Hunter, a Queens waitress Cornell met in 1962.  Cornell apparently had an infatuation with Hunter even though she was found to have stolen items and attempted to fence them; Cornell never pressed charges against her.

Hunter was murdered in December 1964. The film was produced after her death and is largely a series of scenes from Flushing Cemetery, where Hunter was buried.

The film was first shown publicly at the Gramercy Theatre in New York City, on December 22, 2003. The short aired twice at the 2004 Toronto International Film Festival, in commemoration of the centennial of Cornell's birth.

16 mm film
16 mm film is a historically popular and economical gauge of film. 16 mm refers to the width of the film (about 2⁄3 inch); other common film gauges include 8 mm and 35 mm. It is generally used for non-theatrical (e.g., industrial, educational, television) film-making, or for low-budget motion pictures. It also existed as a popular amateur or home movie-making format for several decades, alongside 8 mm film and later Super 8 film. Eastman Kodak released the first 16 mm "outfit" in 1923, consisting of a Ciné-Kodak camera, Kodascope projector, tripod, screen and splicer, for US$335 (equivalent to US$6,330 in 2025).: 334  RCA-Victor introduced a 16 mm sound movie projector in 1932, and developed an optical sound-on-film 16 mm camera, released in 1935.: 231
John Drury (cricketer)
John Joseph Drury (28 May 1874 – 16 October 1919) was an English cricketer.  Drury was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast.  He was born at Kimberley, Nottinghamshire.

Drury made his first-class debut for Nottinghamshire against Lancashire in the 1899 County Championship.  He made two further first-class appearances in that season's competition, against Surrey and Sussex.  He made a fourth and final first-class appearance for the county in 1902 against the Marylebone Cricket Club. In his four first-class appearances for the county, he scored a total of 21 runs at an average of 7.00, with a high score of 19. With the ball, he took 4 wickets at a bowling average of 17.75, with best figures of 1/1.

He died at Dobcross, Yorkshire, on 16 October 1919.

Kimberley, Nottinghamshire
Kimberley is a market town and civil parish in the Borough of Broxtowe in Nottinghamshire, England, lying 6 miles (10 km) northwest of Nottingham along the A610. The town grew as a centre for coal mining, brewing and hosiery manufacturing. The parish had a population 6,033 at the 2021 census.
1996 Speedway Grand Prix of Denmark
The 1996 Speedway Grand Prix of Denmark was the sixth and last race of the 1996 Speedway Grand Prix season. It took place on 21 September in the Speedway Center in Vojens, Denmark It was second Danish SGP and was won by American rider Billy Hamill. It was third win of his career.

Vojens
Vojens  (German: Woyens) is a railway town in Denmark with a population of 7,424 (1 January 2025). It was the main town of the now abolished Vojens Municipality, now the second largest town of Haderslev Municipality in Region of Southern Denmark.

Vojens is located 41 km east of Ribe, 33 km south of Vejen, 29 km north of Aabenraa and 14 km west of Haderslev.
Dirty realism
Dirty realism is a term coined by Bill Buford of Granta magazine to define a North American literary movement. Writers in this sub-category of realism are said to depict the seamier or more mundane aspects of ordinary life in spare, unadorned language.

Mundane
In subcultural and fictional uses, a mundane is a person who does not belong to a particular group, according to the members of that group; the implication is that such persons, lacking imagination, are concerned solely with the mundane: the quotidian and ordinary.  The term first came into use in science fiction fandom to refer, sometimes deprecatingly, to non-fans; this use of the term antedates 1955.
17th Filmfare Awards
The 17th Filmfare Awards were held on May 11, 1970, recognising the best Hindi cinema films released in 1969.

Aradhana led the ceremony with 9 nominations, followed by Jeene Ki Raah with 6 nominations, Ittefaq with 5 nominations, and Aashirwaad and Anokhi Raat with 4 nominations each,

Anokhi Raat won 4 awards, including Best Screenplay (Hrishikesh Mukherjee) and Best Dialogue (Anand Kumar), thus becoming the most-awarded film at the ceremony.

Rajesh Khanna received dual nominations for Best Actor for his performances in Aradhana and Ittefaq, but lost to Ashok Kumar who won the award for Aashirwaad.

Filmfare Award for Best Dialogue
The Filmfare Best Dialogue Award is given by the Filmfare magazine as part of its annual Filmfare Awards for Hindi films. Here is a list of the award winners since 1958 and the films for which they won.
Solomon Philip Gans
Solomon Philip Gans (German: Salomon Philipp Gans; 26 February 1788 – 1 November 1843) was a German jurist who lived at Celle, Hanover. He was the author of Das Erbrecht des Napoleonischen, Gesetzbuches für Westphalen (Hanover, 1810), Über die Verarmung der Städte und-des Landmannes (Brunswick, 1831), and Entwurf einer Criminal-Processordnung (Göttingen, 1836). He also edited the Zeitschrift für die Civil-und Criminalrechtspflege im Königreich Hanover, of which only four issues appeared.

Celle
Celle (German pronunciation: [ˈtsɛlə] ⓘ) is a town and capital of the district of Celle in Lower Saxony, in north-central Germany. The town is situated on the banks of the river Aller, a tributary of the Weser, and has a population of about 71,000. Celle is the southern gateway to the Lüneburg Heath, has a castle (Schloss Celle) built in the Renaissance and Baroque styles and a picturesque old town centre (the Altstadt) with more than 400 timber-framed houses, making Celle one of the most remarkable members of the German Timber-Frame Road. From 1378 to 1705 Celle was the official residence of the Lüneburg branch of the dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg (House of Welf), who had been banished from their original ducal seat by its townsfolk.
Polish volunteers in the Spanish Civil War
This article is about volunteers of Polish nationality or extraction who fought for the Spanish Second Republic in the Spanish Civil War. According to André Marty, the Comintern "chief organiser", about 3,000 Poles volunteered for the International Brigades. Elsewhere, it has been calculated that 5,400 Poles fought in Spain. The majority (3,800) were miners working in France, 300 were Polish-Americans, and several hundred were Poles living in various European countries. Only 800 came from Poland itself.

Jarosław Dąbrowski
Jarosław Żądło-Dąbrowski (Polish pronunciation: [jaˈrɔswav ˈʐɔndwɔ dɔmˈbrɔfskʲi]; 13 November 1836 – 23 May 1871), also known as Jaroslav Dombrowski, was a Polish nobleman (szlachta member) and military officer in the Imperial Russian Army, a Polish nationalist and radical republican for Poland, and general and military commander of the Paris Commune in its later period. He was a participant in the Polish 1863 January Uprising and one of the leaders of the "Red" faction among the insurrectionists as a member of the Central National Committee and the Polish Provisional National Government.
St John Ambulance Guernsey
St John Ambulance Guernsey (SJAG), also known as St John Guernsey (SJG), officially The Commandery of the Bailiwick of Guernsey of the Most venerable Order of the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem is a charitable voluntary first aid organisation and the division of St John Ambulance in Guernsey. It provides event first aid cover, cycle response unit, the Community Library, and a Badgers and Cadets youth programme. St John also provides Community First Responders, the Volunteer Ambulance Reserve and the Flying Christine III marine ambulance in partnership with St John Ambulance & Rescue Service (SJARS).  St John Training Services delivers workplace and community first aid sessions and runs a First Aid in Schools programme.

Charity (practice)
Charity is the voluntary provision of assistance to those in need. It serves as a humanitarian act, and is unmotivated by self-interest. Various philosophical views about charity exist, which are often associated with religion.
Nasirabad, Qazvin
Nasirabad (Persian: نصيراباد, also Romanized as Naşīrābād; also known as Nāşerābād and Naşrābād) is a village in Khandan Rural District, Tarom Sofla District, Qazvin County, Qazvin Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 19, in 10 families.

Qazvin province
Qazvin province (Persian: استان قزوین; IPA: [ɢæzˈviːn] ⓘ) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is in the northwest of the country, with the city of Qazvin as its capital.

The province was carved out of Tehran and Zanjan provinces in 1997. The province was made a part of Region 1 upon the division of the provinces into 5 regions solely for coordination and development purposes on June 22, 2014.
Love Lee
"Love Lee" is a song by South Korean duo AKMU from their third EP Love Episode. It was released as a single alongside its B-side "Fry's Dream" on August 21, 2023, by YG Entertainment. The song is the duo's first music in about two years since their extended play Next Episode (2021). "Love Lee" debuted at number one on the Circle Digital Chart, the group's eighth number-one single. It stayed atop the chart for six non consecutive weeks.

Circle Digital Chart
The Circle Digital Chart, previously known as the Gaon Digital Chart, is the music industry standard record chart ranking the 200 most popular singles in South Korea. It provides rankings on a weekly, monthly, and yearly basis, which is based on an aggregate of streaming, downloads and background music from major South Korean music platforms, as well as video ringback tone sales from the V Coloring app. It is a part of the Circle Chart, previously known as the Gaon Chart.