hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Michael Ostrog
Michael Ostrog (c. 1833 – after 1904) was a Russian criminal and Jack the Ripper suspect, first proposed in a memorandum by Sir Melville Macnaghten in 1894.

Ostrog was a swindler with a profuse police record who perpetrated multiple scams and frauds, but it was never proven that he committed any murders. According to 21st century investigations, during 1888 he was imprisoned in France, and such a circumstance would rule out his participation in any of the Whitechapel murders.

Charlatan
A charlatan (also called a swindler or mountebank) is a person practicing quackery or a similar confidence trick in order to obtain money, power, fame, or other advantages through pretense or deception. One example of a charlatan appears in the Canterbury Tales story "The Pardoner's Tale," with the Pardoner who tricks sinners into buying fake religious relics. Synonyms for charlatan include shyster, quack, or faker. Quack is a reference to quackery or the practice of dubious medicine, including the sale of snake oil, or a person who does not have medical training who purports to provide medical services.
Felix, Ontario
Felix is an unincorporated place and railway point in geographic Marshay Township in the Unorganized North Part of Sudbury District in Northeastern Ontario, Canada. The community is on Ningoowaswi Lake in the Wanapitei River system, part of the Great Lakes Basin.

Felix station is on the Canadian National Railway transcontinental main line, and is served by Via Rail Canadian trains.

Township (Canada)
The term township, in Canada, is generally a district or area associated with a town or other locality. The specific use of the term to describe political subdivisions has varied across the country, usually to describe a local rural or semirural government.

In Eastern Canada, a township is one form of the subdivision of a county. In Quebec, the term is canton in French.
Jim Cross (ice hockey, born 1957)
Jim Cross (born February 6, 1957) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player. As a youth, he played in the 1967 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament with a minor ice hockey team from Pointe-Claire. During the 1977–78 WHA season, while playing Junior A hockey with the nearby St. Albert Saints in the AJHL, Cross was called up for two games in the World Hockey Association with the Edmonton Oilers.

Alberta Junior Hockey League
The Alberta Junior Hockey League (AJHL) is an Alberta-based Junior A ice hockey league that belongs to the Canadian Junior Hockey League (CJHL).  It was formed as a five-team league in 1964. The 2023–24 season began with 16 teams, however 5 teams did not finish the season after it was announced that 
they planned to join the BCHL in the 2024–25 season. The regular season league champions receive the Dave Duchak Trophy.  The playoff champions receive the Inter Pipeline Cup (previously known as the Carling O'Keefe trophy and Gas Drive Cup). The winner of the AJHL playoffs continues on to play in the Centennial Cup tournament, which determines Canadian Junior A champion.
Shooting Gazette
Shooting Gazette was a monthly field sports magazine published by Future plc.

Shooting Gazette covered all aspects of driven shooting, both in the UK and abroad. It includes advice on gamekeeping, regular interviews with leading figures in the shooting industry, and reviews of new shotguns, shooting clothing and equipment. A gundog section offers advice on training and breeding, as well as reporting on gundog trials around the country.

Shooting Gazette was the official magazine of the Countryside Alliance Shooting Campaign.

Will Hetherington has been the editor since July 2004.

Shooting
Shooting is the act or process of discharging a projectile from a ranged weapon (such as a gun, bow, crossbow, slingshot, or blowpipe). Even the acts of launching flame, artillery, darts, harpoons, grenades, rockets, and guided missiles can be considered acts of shooting.  When using a firearm, the act of shooting is often called firing as it involves initiating a combustion (deflagration) of chemical propellants.

Shooting can take place in a shooting range or in the field, in shooting sports, hunting, or in combat.  The person involved in the shooting activity is called a shooter.  A skilled, accurate shooter is a marksman or sharpshooter, and a person's level of shooting proficiency is referred to as their marksmanship.
A35 road (Sri Lanka)
The A 35 road is an A-Grade trunk road in Sri Lanka. It connects Paranthan with Mullaitivu, both in Northern Province, via Kachchai.

The A 35 passes through Velikkandal, Theravikulam and Puthukkudiyiruppu to reach Mullaitivu.

Puthukkudiyiruppu (Mullaitivu)
9°18′N 80°41′E﻿ / ﻿9.300°N 80.683°E﻿ / 9.300; 80.683

Puthukkudiyiruppu (Tamil: புதுக்குடியிருப்பு, Sinhala: පුදුකුඩිඉරුප්පු) is a small town in the Mullaitivu District of Sri Lanka.

There are four main roads which lead to Mullaithivu in the east, Paranthan towards the west, Iranaipalai towards the north and Oddusuddan towards the south.

Most of the villagers are farmers and there is a significant proportion that fish.

In the 1990s there was a massive influx of people from Jaffna District. The small two ward government dispensary became one of the main hospitals in Mullitivu district.
Visa requirements for Cape Verdean citizens
Visa requirements for Cape Verdean citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Cape Verde. As of 2025, Cape Verdean citizens have visa-free or visa on arrival access to 67 countries and territories, ranking the Cape Verdean passport 73rd in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index.

Henley Passport Index
The Henley Passport Index is an annual global ranking of countries according to the travel freedom allowed by those countries' ordinary passports for their citizens. It was launched in 2005 as Henley & Partners Visa Restrictions Index and was updated to Henley Passport Index in January 2018. The index is updated on a quarterly basis to reflect changes in global visa policies.

The index annually ranks 199 passports of the world by the number of countries that their holders can travel to without requiring a visa. The number of countries that a specific passport can access becomes its visa-free "score". The data is obtained from the International Air Transport Association (IATA)'s Timatic documentation requirements database.
1-Benzyl-4-(2-(diphenylmethoxy)ethyl)piperidine
1-Benzyl-4-[2-(diphenylmethoxy)ethyl]piperidine is a stimulant of the piperidine class which acts as a potent and selective dopamine reuptake inhibitor. It is closely related to vanoxerine and GBR-12,935, which in contrast are piperazines.

Binding selectivity
In chemistry, binding selectivity is defined with respect to the binding of ligands to a substrate forming a complex. Binding selectivity describes how a ligand may bind more preferentially to one receptor than another. A selectivity coefficient is the equilibrium constant for the reaction of displacement by one ligand of another ligand in a complex with the substrate. Binding selectivity is of major importance in biochemistry and in chemical separation processes.
Yuster
Yuster is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Raphael Yuster, Israeli mathematician

Rose Yuster, American anarchist, member of No Conscription League

Sarah Yuster (born 1957), American painter

No Conscription League
The No Conscription League was an anarchist organisation designed to promote anti-draft manifestos and aid those who refused military service. The league lasted for six weeks and was used to charge its founders Emma Goldman and Alexander Berkman with conspiracy to obstruct the draft.
2024 Southern California Open
The 2024 Southern California Open was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the 1st edition of the tournament which was part of the 2024 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Indian Wells, California, United States from January 15 to January 21, 2024.

Indian Wells, California
Indian Wells is a city in Riverside County, California, United States, in the Coachella Valley. Incorporated in 1967, it lies in between the cities of Palm Desert and La Quinta. As of the 2020 census, the city population was 4,757.

The city hosts the sixth-largest tennis tournament in the world, the Indian Wells Masters tennis tournament, presently known as the BNP Paribas Open. The Indian Wells Masters is one of nine ATP Masters 1000 tournaments operated by the Association of Tennis Professionals, and one of the four mandatory WTA 1000 tournaments of the Women's Tennis Association. It is held at the Indian Wells Tennis Garden, which contains the second-largest tennis-specific stadium in the world.
Bobby Rome II
Bobby Rome II (born April 29, 1986) is an American college football coach. He is the head football coach for Chicago State University, a position he has held since 2025. He was the head football coach for the Carolina Force of the American Indoor Football (AIF) in 2012, Far Eastern Federal University from 2013 to 2016, the Virginia University of Lynchburg from 2018 to 2019, Central State University from 2020 to 2021, and Florida Memorial University from 2022 to 2024. He also coached for Norfolk Christian Schools, Saint Petersburg State, and the North Carolina club football team. He played college football for North Carolina and Moscow State and professionally for the Green Bay Packers and Pittsburgh Steelers of the National Football League (NFL), the Las Vegas Locomotives of the United Indoor Football (UIF), and the Moscow Patriots of the Eastern European Super League (EESL).

Carolina Force
The Carolina Force was a professional indoor American football team situated in Concord, North Carolina. The team began play in 2012 as an expansion member of American Indoor Football (AIF). The Force played their home games at the Cabarrus Arena & Events Center.

The Force is the second arena/indoor football team to be based in Concord, following the Carolina Speed which played at the Cabarrus Arena in 2007 and 2008 before moving to Charlotte and the Bojangles' Coliseum the following year.

The Force name is derived from a previous AIFA team, the South Carolina Force.
Oxygen (horse)
Oxygen (foaled 1828, died in winter 1854–1855) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare who won the classic Oaks Stakes at Epsom Downs Racecourse in 1831. In a racing career which lasted from July 1830 until April 1833 she won eight of her fifteen races and finished second on five occasions. Oxygen's Oaks was the last of twenty classic wins for her owner George FitzRoy, 4th Duke of Grafton.

Oxygen was regarded the leading two-year-old filly in the South of England in 1830, when she won two of her three races. At three she was beaten in a controversial race when odds-on favourite for the 1000 Guineas but returned to form to win the Oaks a month later. In the following year she won an important handicap race at Newmarket and defeated the leading stayer Lucetta in a King's Plate over three and a half miles. She was retired from racing after a single unsuccessful race as a five-year-old and was retired to stud, where she had some success as a broodmare.

George FitzRoy, 4th Duke of Grafton
George Henry FitzRoy, 4th Duke of Grafton (14 January 1760 – 28 September 1844), styled Earl of Euston until 1811, was a British Whig politician who sat in the British House of Commons from 1782 to 1811 when he succeeded to the Dukedom.
Maidstone Museum
Maidstone Museum is a local authority-run museum located in Maidstone, Kent, England, featuring internationally important collections including fine art, natural history, and human history. The museum is one of three operated by Maidstone Borough Council. The building is Grade II* listed.

Needlework
Needlework refers to decorative sewing and other textile handicrafts that involve the use of a needle. Needlework may also include related textile crafts like crochet (which uses a hook), or tatting, (which uses a shuttle).

Similar abilities often transfer well between different varieties of needlework, such as fine motor skill and knowledge of textile fibers.  Some of the same tools may be used in several different varieties of needlework.
National Bureau of Classification
The National Bureau of Classification (NBC), previously the Film Censor Board of Maldives, is a government office founded on 21 May 1956 with the objective of presenting and promoting cinema and theatrical performances for the benefit of the Maldivian people.

Film industry
The film industry or motion picture industry comprises the technological and commercial institutions of filmmaking, i.e., film production companies, film studios, cinematography, animation, film production, screenwriting, pre-production, post-production, film festivals, distribution, and actors. Though the expense involved in making film almost immediately led film production to concentrate under the auspices of standing production companies, advances in affordable filmmaking equipment, as well as an expansion of opportunities to acquire investment capital from outside the film industry itself, have allowed independent film production to evolve.

In 2019, the global box office was worth $42.2 billion. When including box office and home entertainment revenue, the global film industry was worth $136 billion in 2018. Hollywood is the world's oldest national film industry, and largest in terms of box-office gross revenue.
Second Gymnasium, Sarajevo
The Second Gymnasium (Druga gimnazija) is a gymnasium school in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Located in the central area of Koševo
It enrolls approximately 200 boys and girls annually. Although most of the students are from Sarajevo, the school also attracts students from the region as well as children of international diplomats. The school's approximate number of students is 900. The school offers international and national study programmes.

Koševo
Koševo (Cyrillic: Кошево) is a neighborhood in the municipality of Centar in central Sarajevo in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is split between the local communities of Džidžikovac-Koševo I and Koševo II. It is located between the older parts of the city under Stari Grad and the newer more modern parts of the city under the municipality of Novo Sarajevo.

The Koševo City Stadium and Zetra Olympic Hall, at which the opening and closing ceremonies of the 1984 Winter Olympics were held, are part of a huge sport complex, which includes the Faculty of Sport and Physical Culture and the university's swimming pool as well, located in Koševo. Also, the city's zoo-park Pionirska dolina (Pioneer's Valley), Groblje Lav (Lion Cemetery) and the city's maternity and children's hospital are located within the boundaries of the neighborhood. Famous people from Koševo include Nenad Janković and Davor Sučić, members of the rock band Zabranjeno Pušenje. Koševo is home to 10,809 residents.
Jasmine Flury
Jasmine Flury (born 16 September 1993) is a Swiss World Cup alpine ski racer, specializing in the speed events of downhill and super-G. She won gold in downhill at the 2023 World Championships.

Flury made her World Cup debut at age twenty in January 2014, and her first podium was a victory on home country snow, in a super-G at St. Moritz in December 2017.  She has competed in three World Championships and three Winter Olympics.

2013–14 FIS Alpine Ski World Cup
The 48th World Cup season began on 26 October 2013, in Sölden, Austria, and concluded on 16 March 2014 at the World Cup finals in Lenzerheide, Switzerland. The defending overall champions from the 2013 season were Marcel Hirscher of Austria and Tina Maze of Slovenia. The overall titles were won by Hirscher and Anna Fenninger, also of Austria. The season was interrupted by the 2014 Winter Olympics that took place from 7 to 23 February in Sochi, Russia, with the alpine events at Rosa Khutor.
Roosevelt Red Ware
Roosevelt Red Ware, also known as Salado Red Ware and Salado Polychrome, is a late prehistoric pottery tradition found across large portions of Arizona and New Mexico. The tradition involves the combination of red, white, and black paint in varying configurations along with compositional and morphological characteristics.  This ceramic tradition begins about AD 1280-1290 and lasts until at least AD 1450 based on tree-ring dating.

Archaeological culture
An archaeological culture is a recurring assemblage of types of artifacts, buildings and monuments from a specific period and region that may constitute the material culture remains of a particular past human society. The connection between these types is an empirical observation. Their interpretation in terms of ethnic or political groups is based on archaeologists' understanding. However, this is often subject to long-unresolved debates. The concept of the archaeological culture is fundamental to culture-historical archaeology.
Werner Fischer
Werner Fischer (7 November 1939 – 5 November 2025) was a German academic and engineer. Between 1980 and 1990, he served as vice-president and between 1990 and 2005 as the president of Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences (HAK). In 2005, Fischer was a recipient of the Cross of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany. He was the father of the politicians Axel Fischer and Lutz Fischer.

Axel Fischer
Axel Eduard Fischer (born 5 May 1966) is a German politician. He is a member of the CDU and was a member of the Bundestag from 1998 to October 2021, representing Karlsruhe-Land since 2002. In early 2026 he was found guilty by a court in Munich of having accepted payments in order to campaign for the Azerbaijani government during his involvement with the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe.
Mohamad Satim Diman
Mohamad Satim bin Diman (Jawi: محمد ساتيم دمن, Malay pronunciation: [mohamad satim]) is a Malaysian politician who served as the Leader of the Opposition of Selangor from June 2008 to January 2011 and a Member of the Selangor State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Puchong from April 1995 to March 2004 and Seri Serdang from March 2004 to May 2013.  He is a member of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), a component party of the Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition.

In 2002, he was elected as Deputy Speaker of the Selangor State Legislative Assembly replacing Salamon Selamat who went on served as Mayor of Shah Alam.

Puchong (state constituency)
Puchong was a state constituency in Selangor, Malaysia, that was represented in the Selangor State Legislative Assembly from 1995 to 2004.

The state constituency was created in the 1994 redistribution and was mandated to return a single member to the Selangor State Legislative Assembly under the first past the post voting system.
Practical aesthetics
Practical Aesthetics is an action-based acting technique originally conceived by David Mamet and William H. Macy, based on the teachings of Aristotle, Stanislavsky, Sanford Meisner, Joseph Campbell, and the Stoic philosopher Epictetus.

The method emphasizes script analysis and physical action over emotional recall, encapsulated in its core principle of prioritizing purposeful choices onstage.

The technique originated and developed at the Atlantic Theater Company and Atlantic Acting School in New York City. The book, A Practical Handbook for the Actor, written by members of the Atlantic Theater Company, outlines the technique of Practical Aesthetics.

McGraw Hill Education
McGraw Hill, Inc. is an American education science company that provides educational content, software, and services for students and educators across various levels—from K-12 to higher education and professional settings. They produce textbooks, digital learning tools, and adaptive technology to enhance learning experiences and outcomes. It is one of the "big three" educational publishers along with Houghton Mifflin Harcourt and Pearson Education. McGraw Hill also publishes reference and trade publications for the medical, business, and engineering professions. Formerly a division of The McGraw Hill Companies (later renamed McGraw Hill Financial, now S&P Global), McGraw Hill Education was divested and acquired by Apollo Global Management in March 2013 for $2.4 billion in cash. McGraw Hill was sold in 2021 to Platinum Equity for $4.5 billion. The company is based in Columbus, Ohio.
Epistemological rupture
Epistemological rupture (or epistemological break) is a notion introduced in 1938 by French philosopher Gaston Bachelard, and later used by Louis Althusser.

Bachelard proposed that the history of science is replete with "epistemological obstacles"—or unthought/unconscious structures that were immanent within the realm of the sciences, such as principles of division (e.g., mind/body). The history of science, Bachelard asserted, consisted in the formation and establishment of these epistemological obstacles, and then the subsequent tearing down of the obstacles. This latter stage is an epistemological rupture—where an unconscious obstacle to scientific thought is thoroughly ruptured or broken away from.

Unconscious cognition
Unconscious cognition is the processing of perception, memory, learning, thought, and language without being aware of it.

The role of the unconscious mind on decision making is a topic greatly debated by neuroscientists, linguists, philosophers, and psychologists around the world. Though the actual level of involvement of the unconscious brain during a cognitive process might still be a matter of differential opinion, the fact that the unconscious brain does play a role in cognitive activity is undeniable. Several experiments and well recorded phenomena attest to this fact, for example the illusion-of-truth effect. There have also been several experiments suggesting that the unconscious mind might actually be better at decision making than the conscious mind when there are multiple variables to take into consideration.
HMS Exeter
Five ships of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Exeter after the city of Exeter in Devon.

HMS Exeter (1680) was a 70-gun third rate launched in 1680. She was damaged in an explosion in 1691 and was hulked. She was broken up in 1717.

HMS Exeter (1697) was a 60-gun fourth rate launched in 1697. She was rebuilt to carry 58 guns in 1744 and was broken up in 1763.

HMS Exeter (1763) was a 64-gun third rate launched in 1763. She was burned as unseaworthy in 1784.

HMS Exeter (68) was a York-class heavy cruiser launched in 1929. She fought at the River Plate in 1939, and was sunk during the Second Battle of the Java Sea on 1 March 1942.

HMS Exeter was planned as a Type 61 frigate. She was ordered in 1956, but cancelled in 1957.

HMS Exeter (D89) was a Type 42 destroyer, launched in 1979. She served in the Falklands War and the Gulf War, and was in service until she was decommissioned on 27 May 2009.

HMS Exeter (1697)
HMS Exeter was a 60-gun fourth-rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, launched at Portsmouth Dockyard on 26 May 1697.

She was involved in repeated actions against the French, in 1702 off Newfoundland, and in 1705 when she captured the frigate Thétis. She was in the Mediterranean in 1711, and at the Battle of Quiberon Bay.  She was rebuilt according to the 1733 proposals of the 1719 Establishment at Plymouth, and relaunched on 19 March 1744.  She was at the siege of Pondicherry in 1748.  Samuel Hood, 1st Viscount Hood briefly served aboard her.

Exeter continued to serve until 1763, when she was broken up.