hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ghisolfi
De Ghisolfi (also known as de Guizolfi, de Gisolfi, Guigursis, Guilgursis and Giexulfis) was the name of a Genoese-Jewish family prominent in the late Middle Ages and the early Renaissance.

In 1419, the Genoese Jew Simeone de Ghisolfi married a reigning princess of the municipality of Tmutarakan on the Taman Peninsula named Bikhakhanim, and took possession of this area, most likely centred on the town of Matrega. The de Ghisolfi clan ruled this principality as a protectorate of the Genoese consulate of Gazaria for much of the 15th century.

In 1453, the Republic of Genoa ceded its Crimean possessions to the Bank of St. George, a private enterprise to which it was heavily in debt. The Ghisolfi family continued to rule Matrega and the surrounding region on behalf of the Bank. Through such intermediaries as Khozi Kokos, they maintained relations with the rulers of Muscovy and other Russian principalities.

Bank of Saint George
The Bank of Saint George (Italian: Casa delle compere e dei banchi di San Giorgio or informally as Ufficio di San Giorgio or Banco) was a financial institution of the Republic of Genoa. It was founded on 23 April 1407 to consolidate the public debt, which had been escalating due to the war with Venice for trading and financial dominance. The Bank's primary mission was to facilitate the management of the San Giorgio shares (luoghi). It was one of the oldest chartered banks in Europe and of the world. The Bank's headquarters were at the Palazzo San Giorgio. The Financial Times hailed it as "the world's first modern, public bank", partly due to its innovative character.
Boren (Sweden)
Boren (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈbûːrɛn]) is a lake in Östergötland, east of Motala, 73 m above sea level. It covers an area of 28 km² and is at most 14 meters deep. It forms a part of the Göta Canal and has given its name to Borensberg.

Motala
Motala (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈmûːˌtɑːla] ⓘ) is a locality and the seat of Motala Municipality, Östergötland County, Sweden with a municipal population of 43,717 inhabitants in 2024. It is the third largest city of Östergötland, following Linköping and Norrköping. Motala is situated on the eastern shore of Lake Vättern and is regarded as the main centre of both the Göta Canal and the surrounding lake region.
Rallying in Italy
Rallying in Italy is a fairly well-practiced motorsport. Italian drivers have become the World Rally Champions twice in history; both were Miki Biasion in the years 1988 and 1989. In 1977, Sandro Munari won the FIA Cup for Drivers (unofficial World Rally Championship Drivers' champion). Italians have also achieved 30 rally wins, the last of which with Piero Liatti at the Monte Carlo Rally in 1997.

Monte Carlo Rally
The Monte Carlo Rally or Rallye Monte-Carlo (officially Rallye Automobile Monte-Carlo) is a rallying event organized each year by the Automobile Club de Monaco.

From its inception in 1911 by Prince Albert I, the rally was intended to demonstrate improvements and innovations in automobiles, and promote Monaco as a tourist resort on the Mediterranean shore. Before the format changed in 1997, the event was a “concentration rally” in which competitors would set off from various starting points around Europe and drive to Monaco, where the rally would continue to a set of special stages.

The rally now takes place along the hills of the French Riviera and southeast France (Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur and the southern parts of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes). In 2026, for the first time since the 2008 Monte Carlo Rally, the event returned to within the borders of Monaco for a Super Special Stage.
Louis Germain
Alfred Louis Pierre Germain (8 January 1878 – 18 October 1942) was a French malacologist born in Niort, department Deux-Sèvres.

He studied in Angers and Paris, obtaining his doctorate of sciences in 1907. Later he worked under Louis Joubin in the laboratory of mollusks, worms and zoophytes at the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle in Paris. From 1936 to 1942, he was director of the museum.

Recently (2010), a new genus of freshwater mussels from Madagascar called Germainaia was introduced into science.

Niort
Niort (French pronunciation: [njɔʁ] ⓘ; Poitevin: Niàu; Occitan: Niòrt; Latin: Novioritum) is a commune in the Deux-Sèvres department, western France. It is the prefecture of Deux-Sèvres.

The population of Niort is 58,707 (2017) and more than 177,000 people live in the urban area.
Omaha Racers
The Omaha Racers were an American minor league basketball team based in Omaha, Nebraska. The franchise played in the Continental Basketball Association (CBA) from 1989 to 1997. The team's franchise linage started in 1982 as the Wisconsin Flyers. The franchise spent two seasons in Rochester, Minnesota before relocating to Omaha in 1989 to become the Racers. The team's home venue was Ak-Sar-Ben Arena. Throughout the entire history of the Racers, Mike Thibault served as the team's head coach and led Omaha to appearances in two CBA Finals. The team was victorious over the Grand Rapids Hoops during the 1993 CBA Finals.

Rochester, Minnesota
Rochester is a city in Olmsted County, Minnesota, United States. It is the county seat. It is located along rolling bluffs on the Zumbro River's south fork in Southeast Minnesota. The population was 121,395 at the 2020 census, and was estimated at 123,624 in 2024, making it the third-most populous city in Minnesota. The Rochester metropolitan area has an estimated 230,000 residents. The city is the home and birthplace of Mayo Clinic.

Rochester first developed as a stagecoach stop between Dubuque, Iowa, and Saint Paul, Minnesota. With the creation of the Mayo Clinic in 1864, Rochester became a national center for healthcare, as well as a hub for regional agriculture.  For higher education needs the University of Minnesota Rochester, Rochester Community and Technical College, and Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine are located in the city.
CERN httpd
CERN httpd (later also known as W3C httpd) is an early, now discontinued, web server (HTTP) daemon originally developed at CERN from 1990 onwards by Tim Berners-Lee, Ari Luotonen and Henrik Frystyk Nielsen. Implemented in C, it was the first web server software.

World Wide Web Consortium
The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) is the main international standards organization for the World Wide Web. Founded in 1994 by Tim Berners-Lee, the consortium is made up of member organizations that maintain full-time staff working together in the development of technical standards for the World Wide Web. As of May 2025, W3C has 350 members. The organization has been led by CEO Seth Dobbs since October 2023. W3C also engages in education and outreach, develops software and serves as an open forum for discussion about the Web.
Naval Outlying Landing Field Santa Rosa
Naval Outlying Landing Field (NOLF) Santa Rosa (ICAO:  KNGS, FAA LID: NGS) is a military use airport located five nautical miles (9 km) southeast of the central business district of Milton, in Santa Rosa County, Florida, United States. It is owned by the United States Navy and has four asphalt paved runways (5/23, 9/27, 14/32, 18/36) all of which are 4,500 by 150 feet (1,372 x 46 m).  The airfield is under the control of Commander, Training Air Wing FIVE at NAS Whiting Field, Florida.

This airport is assigned a three-letter location identifier of NGS by the Federal Aviation Administration, but it does not have an International Air Transport Association (IATA) airport code (the IATA assigned NGS to Nagasaki Airport in Japan).

Santa Rosa County, Florida
Santa Rosa County is a county located in the northwestern portion of the U.S. state of Florida. As of 2020, its population was 188,000. The county seat is Milton, which lies in the geographic center of the county. Other major communities within Santa Rosa County are Navarre, Pace, and Gulf Breeze. Navarre is the most populated community with a population of approximately 45,000 residents. Santa Rosa County is included in the Pensacola metropolitan area, which also includes Escambia County.
Beckel
Beckel is a surname. Notable people with this surname include:

Bob Beckel (1948–2022), American political analyst.

Graham Beckel (born 1949), American actor.

James A. Beckel Jr. (born 1948), American contemporary composer.

Nadine Beckel (born 1977), German shot putter.

Robert D. Beckel (born 1937), United States Air Force general.

Roei Beckel (born 1987), former Israeli footballer.

William Edwin Beckel (1926–2018), Canadian academic.

Nadine Beckel
Nadine Beckel (born 27 May 1977 in Schwerin) is a shot putter from Germany.

She won the silver medal at the 1996 World Junior Championships, finished ninth at the 2002 European Championships and eighth at the 2005 European Indoor Championships. She also competed at the 2003 World Championships and the 2004 Olympic Games without reaching the finals.

Her personal best throw is 18.59 metres, achieved in June 2003 in Mannheim. She has competed for the athletics clubs Schweriner SC and ASC Düsseldorf.
Tom Adams Bridge
The Tom Adams Bridge is a bridge in northern Charlotte County, Florida.  It is a double-leaf bascule bridge that carries Beach Road (CR 776) from the mainland in Englewood to Sandpiper Key with another bridge connecting the route to Manasota Key.  The bridge is named for Thomas Burton Adams Jr., who served as Secretary of State of Florida and Lieutenant Governor.  The Tom Adams Bridge is one of two bridge crossings providing access to Manasota Key, with the other crossing existing further north in Sarasota County.

Charlotte County, Florida
Charlotte County is a U.S. county located in southwestern Florida. As of the 2020 census, the population was 186,847. Its county seat is Punta Gorda.

Charlotte County comprises the Punta Gorda, FL Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the North Port-Bradenton-Sarasota Combined Statistical Area.
AS2
AS2 (Applicability Statement 2) is a specification on how to transport structured business-to-business data securely and reliably over the Internet. Security is achieved by using digital certificates and encryption.

Business-to-business
Business-to-business (B2B or, in some countries, BtoB or B4B) refers to trade and commercial activity where a business sees other businesses as its customer base. This typically occurs when:

A business sources materials for its production process for output (e.g., a food manufacturer purchasing salt), i.e. providing raw material to the other company that will produce output.

A business needs the services of another for operational reasons (e.g., a food manufacturer employing an accountancy firm to audit their finances).

A business re-sells goods and services produced by others (e.g., a retailer buying the end product from the food manufacturer).

Business-to-business activity is thought to allow business segmentation.

B2B is often contrasted with business-to-consumer (B2C) trade, the latter of which typically sells directly to the general public and consumers, rather than other businesses and organisations.
Ordubad Buzkhana
Ordubad Buzkhana – is an ice-house located in Ordubad. The architectural monument was built in the XIV century. It is one of the largest ice-houses in Azerbaijan. The ice-house is located on the southern side of the city of Nakhchivan, also near the Imamzadeh complex. It is one of three main ice houses in Nakhchivan, one of the other ones being Nakhchivan Buzkhana.

It was restored in the XVIII century. In 2014, the historical and architectural buzkhana was restored and operated again.

Ordubad
Ordubad is the second largest city of Azerbaijan's Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic and the capital of an eponymous district. Ordubad is a medieval city of the Caucasus and in its current capacity of a town was founded in the 18th century. The town is divided into five districts: Ambaras, Kurdtatal, Mingis, Sarshahar, and Uch.

Ordubad is well known for its exports of fruits and spices, and for its cuisine.
Endothelin
Endothelins are peptides with receptors and effects in many body organs.  Endothelin constricts blood vessels and raises blood pressure. The endothelins are normally kept in balance by other mechanisms, but when overexpressed, they contribute to high blood pressure (hypertension), heart disease, and potentially other diseases.

Endothelins are 21-amino acid vasoconstricting peptides produced primarily in the endothelium having a key role in vascular homeostasis. Endothelins are implicated in vascular diseases of several organ systems, including the heart, lungs, kidneys, and brain. As of 2018, endothelins remain under extensive basic and clinical research to define their roles in several organ systems.

Basic research
Basic research, also called pure research, fundamental research, basic science, or pure science, is a type of scientific research with the aim of improving scientific theories for better understanding and prediction of natural or other phenomena.  In contrast, applied research uses scientific theories to develop technology or techniques, which can be used to intervene and alter natural or other phenomena. Though often driven simply by curiosity, basic research often fuels the technological innovations of applied science. The two aims are often practiced simultaneously in coordinated research and development.

In addition to innovations, basic research serves to provide insights and public support of nature, possibly improving conservation efforts. Technological innovations may influence engineering concepts, such as the beak of a kingfisher influencing the design of a high-speed bullet train.
James A. McKernan
James McKernan (born November 7, 1950) is an American educational theorist,. He is a Professor of Education at East Carolina University, a constituent campus of the University of North Carolina. He has been the King Distinguished Professor and Chair of Education at East Carolina University; Dean and Chair of the Faculty of Education at the University of Limerick, Ireland; College Lecturer, Faculty of Arts, University College Dublin, Ireland and Fulbright Scholar at the Harvard Graduate School of Education and University of Pennsylvania Graduate School of Education and Research Fellow, Northern Ireland Council for Educational Research, Department of Psychology, Queen's University of Belfast.

University of Pennsylvania Graduate School of Education
The University of Pennsylvania Graduate School of Education, commonly known as Penn GSE,  is the education school of University of Pennsylvania, a private Ivy League research university in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Formally established as a department in 1893 and a school at the University of Pennsylvania in 1915, Penn GSE has historically had research strengths in teaching and learning, the cultural contexts of education, language education, human development, quantitative research methods, and practitioner inquiry. Katharine Strunk is the current dean of Penn GSE; she succeeded Pam Grossman in 2023.
Kate Welton Hogg
Kate Emily Welton Hogg (1869–1951) was an Australian physician and graduate of the Edinburgh College of Medicine for Women. She studied alongside prominent early female physicians Mary Booth, Agnes Bennett, and Eleanor Sproull.

Edinburgh College of Medicine for Women
The Edinburgh College of Medicine for Women was established by The Scottish Association for the Medical Education of Women whose leading members included John Inglis, the father  of Elsie Inglis. Elsie Inglis went on to become a leader in the suffrage movement and found the Scottish Women's Hospital organisation in World War I, but when  the college was founded she was still a medical student.  Her father, John Inglis, had been a senior civil servant in India, where he had championed the cause of education for women. On his return to Edinburgh he became a supporter of medical education for women and used his influence to help establish the college.  The college was founded in 1889 at a time when women were not admitted to university medical schools in the UK, with the sole exception of London University.
Assets under management
In finance, assets under management (AUM), sometimes called fund under management, refers to the total market value of all financial assets that a financial institution—such as a mutual fund, venture capital firm, or depository institution—or a decentralized network protocol manages and invests, typically on behalf of its clients. Funds may be managed for clients, platform users, or solely for themselves, such as in the case of a financial institution which has mutual funds or holds its own venture capital. The definition and formula for calculating AUM may differ from one entity to another.

Depository institution
Colloquially, a depository institution is a financial institution in the United States (such as a savings bank, commercial bank, savings and loan associations, or credit unions) that is legally allowed to accept monetary deposits from consumers.  Under federal law, however, a "depository institution" is limited to banks and savings associations - credit unions are not included (debatable).

An example of a non-depository institution might be a mortgage bank. While licensed to lend, they cannot accept deposits.
Mikhail Iampolski
Mikhail Beneaminovich Iampolski (Russian: Михаил Бениаминович Ямпольский) is a full professor of comparative literature and Russian and Slavic studies at New York University. He is the author of The Memory of Tiresias.

Slavic studies
Slavic (American English) or Slavonic (British English) studies, also known as Slavistics, is the academic field of area studies concerned with Slavic peoples, languages, history, and culture. Originally, a Slavist or Slavicist was primarily a linguist or philologist researching Slavistics. Increasingly, historians, social scientists, and other humanists who study Slavic cultures and societies have been included in this rubric.

In the United States, Slavic studies is dominated by Russian studies. Ewa Thompson, a professor of Slavic studies at Rice University, described the situation of non-Russian Slavic studies as "invisible and mute".
Lweibdeh, Syria
Lweibdeh (Arabic: لويبدة)  is a Syrian village located in Kafr Nabl Nahiyah in Maarrat al-Nu'man District, Idlib.  According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Lweibdeh had a population of 301 in the 2004 census.

Idlib Governorate
Idlib Governorate (Arabic: مُحافظة ادلب, romanized: Muḥāfaẓat Idlib) is one of the fourteen governorates (provinces) of Syria. It is situated in northwestern Syria, bordering Turkey's Hatay province to the north, Aleppo Governorate to the east, Hama Governorate to the south, and Latakia Governorate to the west. Reports of its area vary, depending on the source, from 5,933 square kilometres (2,291 sq mi)2 to 6,097 square kilometres (2,354 sq mi)2. The provincial capital is Idlib.
Aram + Aram = Kinnaram
Aram + Aram = Kinnaram is a 1985 Indian Malayalam-language slapstick comedy film directed by Priyadarshan and written by Sreenivasan. It stars Shankar, Mohanlal, Lissy and Puja Saxena.

The plot element is inspired by 2 Hindi films - Naram Garam and Pasand Apni Apni (which itself is inspired by the English film Happy Go Lovely). A famous hotel comedy sequence from this movie was reused by Priyadarshan in his 2005 Hindi movie Garam Masala.

Naram Garam
Naram Garam (meaning: Soft hot) is a 1981 Indian Hindi-language comedy-drama film directed by Hrishikesh Mukherjee. The film was produced by Subhash Gupta and Uday Narayan Singh and had music by R. D. Burman. It reprises many actors and actresses from the 1979 film Gol Maal with the same names. It was also directed by Hrishikesh Mukherjee and starred Amol Palekar in the lead and Utpal Dutt won filmfare award best comic role . It was also remade as Krishnaleela in Telugu which was released in 1987.
Innyaly
Innyaly (Russian: Иннялы; Yakut: Инньэли, romanized: İnņeli) is a rural locality (a selo) in Tolonsky Rural Okrug of Lensky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia, located 336 kilometers (209 mi) from Lensk, the administrative center of the district and 30 kilometers (19 mi) from Tolon, the administrative center of the rural okrug. Its population as of the 2002 Census was 169.

Lensk
Lensk (Russian: Ленск, IPA: [lʲɛnsk]; Yakut: Лиэнскэй, Lienskey) is a town and the administrative center of Lensky District of the Sakha Republic, Russia. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 24,966.
Alex Kemp (footballer)
Alex Kemp was a Scottish association football full back who played professionally in Canada and the United States.

Kemp began his career in Canada, playing for Grand Trunk Railway and Boleil.  In 1922, he joined the Fall River of the American Soccer League.  In 1924, Kemp played on the backline for the 'Marksmen' when they defeated St. Louis Vesper Buick in the final of the 1924 National Challenge Cup.  Kemp's handball in the area led to Vesper Buick's first goal in the 36th minute.  In 1925, he played two games for the New Bedford Whalers and one for Philadelphia Field Club before moving to Detroit and joining Holley Carburetor F.C.

New Bedford Whalers
New Bedford Whalers was the name of three American soccer teams based in New Bedford, Massachusetts. The first Whalers played in the Southern New England Soccer League between 1914 and 1918. The second Whalers played in the American Soccer League between 1924 and 1931 before merging into Fall River F.C. The third Whalers were then formed when Fall River merged with New York Yankees. They played in the ASL between 1931 and 1932.
Olivella dama
Olivella dama is a species of small sea snail, marine gastropod mollusk in the subfamily Olivellinae, in the family Olividae, the olives.  Species in the genus Olivella are commonly called dwarf olives.

Olive snail
Olive snails, also known as olive shells and olives, scientific name Olividae, are a taxonomic family of medium to large predatory sea snails with smooth, shiny, elongated oval-shaped shells.

The shells often show various muted but attractive colors, and may be patterned also. They are marine gastropod molluscs in the family Olividae within the main clade Neogastropoda.
HD 110113
HD 110113, also known as TOI-755, is a star with a pair of orbiting exoplanets in the Centaurus constellation. With an apparent visual magnitude of 10.063, it is much too faint to be viewed with the naked eye. The system is located at a distance from the Solar System of about 346.5 light-years (106.2 parsecs). It is drifting further away with a heliocentric radial velocity of 17 km/s. A planetary system was discovered orbiting this star in 2021.

The spectrum of HD 110113 presents as a G-type main-sequence star, or yellow dwarf, with a stellar classification of G8V. It has an estimated age of four billion years and is spinning slowly with a rotation period of 20.8 days. The star is considered a solar analog, having nearly the same mass and size as the Sun. It radiating 91% of the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 5,732 K. The star displays rotationally-modulated variability that is indicative of star spots.

Starspot
Starspots are stellar phenomena, so-named by analogy with sunspots.  Spots as small as sunspots have not been detected on other stars, as they would cause undetectably small fluctuations in brightness. The commonly observed starspots are in general much larger than those on the Sun: up to about 30% of the stellar surface may be covered, corresponding to starspots 100 times larger than those on the Sun.