hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Crooked River Railroad Bridge
The Crooked River Railroad Bridge, part of a BNSF Railway line between the Columbia River and Bend, Oregon, crosses Oregon's Crooked River Canyon in southern Jefferson County. The bridge is 320 feet (98 m) above the river and when it was completed in 1911, it was the second-highest railroad bridge in the United States. It is a steel two-hinge arch span with a total length of 460 feet (140 m).

Hinged arch bridge
A hinged arch bridge is one with hinges incorporated into its structure to allow movement. In structural engineering, a hinge is essentially a "cut in the structure" that can withstand compressive forces. In a steel arch, the hinge allows free rotation, somewhat resembling a common hinge. The most common hinged arch bridge varieties are the two-hinged bridge with hinges at the springing points and the three-hinged bridge with an additional hinge at the crown of the arch; though single-hinged versions exist with a hinge only at the crown of the arch.  Hinges at the springing point prevent bending moments from being transferred to the bridge abutments.  A triple-hinged bridge is statically determinate, while the other versions are not.
Soqota (woreda)
Sekota Zuria (Amharic ሰቆጣ ዙሪያ "Greater Sekota Area") is one of the woredas in the Amhara Region of Ethiopia. Located in the Wag Hemra Zone, Sekota is bordered on the south by Gazbibla, on the southwest by Dehana, on the west by Zikuala, on the north by Abergele, and on the east by the Tigray Region. The separate woreda of town of Soqota is surrounded by Sekota. Abergele woreda was separated from Sekota.

The predominantly hilly terrain of the woreda serves to isolate the inhabitants of Sekota, and their steep slopes are highly degraded limiting crops yields. Crops and animal husbandry are practiced together by local farmers. High points include Mount Biala (3,810 meters).

Amhara Region
The Amhara Region (Amharic: አማራ ክልል, romanized: Åmara Kilil), officially the Amhara National Regional State (Amharic: የአማራ ብሔራዊ ክልላዊ መንግሥት, romanized: yeämara bıħérawi kılılawi mengıct), is a regional state in northern Ethiopia and the homeland of the Amhara, Awi, Argobba, and Qemant people. Its capital is Bahir Dar which is the seat of the Regional Government of Amhara. Amhara is the site of the largest inland body of water in Ethiopia, Lake Tana (which is the source of the Blue Nile), Grand Renaissance Dam and Semien Mountains National Park (which includes Ras Dashan, the highest point in Ethiopia). Amhara is bordered by Sudan to the west and northwest and by these regions of Ethiopia: Tigray to the north, Afar to the east, Benishangul-Gumuz to southwest, and Oromia to the south. Towns and cities in Amhara include: Dessie, Gonder, Debre Birhan, Debre Tabor, Kombolcha, Weldiya, Debre Markos, Seqota, Kobo, and Metema. The Regions name is said to mean “noble” or “highland”.
Black River First Nation
Black River First Nation (sometimes Little Black River First Nation; Ojibwe: Makadewaagamijiwanoonsing) is an Ojibwa First Nation located around O'Hanley, Manitoba, along the O'Hanley and Black Rivers, on the eastern shore of Lake Winnipeg.

It is 32 km (20 mi) north of Pine Falls, and around 150 km (93 mi) north of Winnipeg. Though geographically situated in Eastern Manitoba, it is more so administratively a part of Northern Manitoba. Its reserve is called Black River 5 Indian Reserve, which spans 8.093 km2 (2,000 acres) and whose population was 521 as of the 2011 census.

In January 2008, the total registered population of the First Nation was 977, of which the on-reserve population was 701.

The settlement is accessible by an all-weather road (via PR 304) and 4 km of municipal road.

Northern Manitoba
Northern Manitoba (also known as NorMan or Nor-Man) is a geographic and cultural region of the Canadian province of Manitoba. Manitoba originally encompassed only a small square around the Red River Colony, but it was extended north to the 60th parallel in 1912, thus acquiring a large northern region. The region's specific boundaries vary, as "northern" communities are considered to share certain social and geographic characteristics, regardless of latitude.
Ryan Dotson
David Ryan Dotson (born November 22, 1972) is an American politician. He served as a Republican member of the Kentucky House of Representatives from Kentucky's 73rd House district. He is currently a candidate for Kentucky's 6th Congressional District, running to replace Andy Barr.

Kentucky House of Representatives
The Kentucky House of Representatives is the lower house of the Kentucky General Assembly. It is composed of 100 Representatives elected from single-member districts throughout the Commonwealth. Not more than two counties can be joined to form a House district, except when necessary to preserve the principle of equal representation. Representatives are elected to two-year terms with no term limits. The Kentucky House of Representatives convenes at the State Capitol in Frankfort.
Kakihara
Kakihara (written: 垣原 or 柿原) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Isao Kakihara (垣原 功; born 1944), Japanese ice hockey player

Masahito Kakihara (垣原 賢人; born 1972), Japanese wrestler

Takashi Kakihara (垣原 隆司; born 1937), Japanese ice hockey player

Tetsuya Kakihara (柿原 徹也; born 1982), Japanese voice actor and singer

Masahito Kakihara
Masahito Kakihara (Japanese: 垣原 賢人, Kakihara Masahito, born April 29, 1972) is a Japanese former professional wrestler and mixed martial artist, who is known for his work in New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW) and UWF International (UWFI).
Marschweg-Stadion
Marschweg-Stadion is a multi-use stadium in Oldenburg, Germany. Since 1991 it has been used as the stadium of VfB Oldenburg matches. The capacity of the stadium is 15,200 spectators, of which 4,500 are seats and 10,700 standing places. It achieved a record attendance of 32,000 before reconstruction.

Oldenburg (city)
Oldenburg (German pronunciation: [ˈɔldn̩bʊʁk] ⓘ; Northern Low Saxon: Ollnborg) is an independent city in the state of Lower Saxony, Germany.  The city is officially named Oldenburg (Oldb) (Oldenburg in Oldenburg) to distinguish from Oldenburg in Holstein.

During the French annexation (1811–1813) in the wake of the Napoleonic war against Britain, it was also known as Le Vieux-Bourg in French. The city is at the rivers Hunte and Haaren, in the northwestern region between the cities of Bremen in the east and Groningen (Netherlands) in the west. According to Germany's 2022 census, the city's population is 176.068 in 2024. Oldenburg is part of the Northwest Metropolitan Region, which is home to approximately 2.8 million people.

The city is the place of origin of the House of Oldenburg. Before the end of the German Empire (1918), it was the administrative centre and residence of the monarchs of Oldenburg.
Hader Clinic
Hader Clinic is a private residential addiction and mental health treatment center based in Melbourne, Australia. Its primary residential programs are located in Geelong, Victoria, Bacchus Marsh, Victoria and Araluen, Queensland.

Bacchus Marsh
Bacchus Marsh (Wathawurrung: Pullerbopulloke) is a town in Victoria, Australia, located approximately 50 kilometres (30 mi) north-west of the state capital Melbourne, at a near equidistance to the major cities of Melbourne, Ballarat and Geelong.

As of the 2021 census, Bacchus Marsh has a population of 7,808, while its statistical urban area (including the suburbs Darley, Maddingley, and Hopetoun Park, among others) has a population of 24,717. Bacchus Marsh is the largest urban area in the Shire of Moorabool local government area.

Traditionally a market garden area producing a large amount of the region's fruits and vegetables, in recent decades it has transformed into the main commuter town on the Melbourne–Ballarat corridor.

It was named after the colonial settler Captain William Henry Bacchus, who saw the great value of this locality as it was situated on two rivers – the Lerderderg and Werribee.
Autumn MacDougall
Autumn MacDougall (born July 5, 1997) is a Canadian ice hockey forward, currently playing in the Swedish Women's Hockey League (SDHL) with Leksands IF. She was selected fourteenth overall by the Buffalo Beauts in the 2020 NWHL Draft, becoming the first U Sports women's ice hockey player to ever be selected in a draft of the National Women's Hockey League (NWHL; renamed PHF in 2021).

Leksands IF (women)
Leksands Idrottsförening, abbreviated Leksands IF or LIF,  is a semi-professional ice hockey team in the Swedish Women's Hockey League (SDHL). They play in Leksand, a town in the western-central Swedish province of Dalarna, at Tegera Arena. Until 2021, the organisation ran a second women's side, called Leksands IF Dam 2, which competed in the Damettan Västra.
Yuntanza Chōei
Yuntanza Wōji Chōei (読谷山 王子 朝英; 26 January 1768 – 8 February 1817), also known by Yuntanza Chōchoku (読谷山 朝敕) and his Chinese style name Shō Tairetsu (尚 大烈), was a prince of Ryukyu Kingdom.

Prince Yuntanza was the second head of a royal family called Yuntanza Udun (読谷山御殿). His father was Yuntanza Chōken.

King Shō Kō dispatched a gratitude envoy for his accession to Edo, Japan in 1806. Prince Yuntanza and Oroku Ryōwa was appointed as Envoy (正使, seishi) and Deputy Envoy (副使, fukushi) respectively. They sailed back in the next year.

He served as sessei from 1803 to 1816. He was designated as a member of the Okinawan Thirty-Six Immortals of Poetry (沖縄三十六歌仙, Okinawa Sanjūrokkasen).

Ryukyu Kingdom
The Ryukyu Kingdom was a kingdom in the Ryukyu Islands from 1429 until 1872, when it was reorganized as the Ryukyu Domain, before being fully abolished in 1879. It was ruled as a tributary state of the Ming dynasty by the Ryukyuan monarchy, who unified Okinawa Island to end the Sanzan period, and subsequently extended the kingdom to the Amami Islands and Sakishima Islands. The Ryukyu Kingdom played a central role in the maritime trade networks of medieval East Asia and Southeast Asia despite its small size. The Ryukyu Kingdom became a vassal state of the Satsuma Domain of Japan after the invasion of Ryukyu in 1609 but retained de jure independence until it was transformed into the Ryukyu Domain by the Empire of Japan in 1872. The Ryukyu Domain was abolished by the Meiji government in 1879 and reorganized as Okinawa Prefecture, and the Ryukyuan monarchy was integrated into the new Japanese nobility.
Black Creek (Genesee River tributary)
Black Creek is a tributary of the Genesee River that runs for 46 miles (74 km) in western New York, United States. The creek begins in Middlebury in Wyoming County and runs north for roughly the first half of its course and east for the other half, eventually joining the Genesee River in Chili, Monroe County. Its drainage area spans around 202 square miles (520 km2), which is largely rural and agricultural. As of 2000, 40,000 residents lived in the creek's drainage area.

Chili, New York
Chili (/ˈtʃaɪlaɪ/ CHY-ly) is a town in Monroe County, New York, United States. The population was 29,123 at the 2020 census. It is a suburb of the city of Rochester, established in 1822 from part of the town of Riga. North Chili was a stop on the Underground Railroad. Black Creek Park is one of many parks in Chili where visitors can make use of nature trails that run along the creek.
Apriltsi Municipality
Apriltsi Municipality (Bulgarian: Община Априлци) is a municipality (obshtina) in Lovech Province, Central-North Bulgaria, located from the northern slopes  of the central Stara planina mountain to the area of the Fore-Balkan. It is named after its administrative centre - the town of Apriltsi.

The municipality embraces a territory of 240 km2 (93 sq mi) with a population of 3,554 inhabitants, as of December 2009.

The area covers parts of the Central Balkan National Park which is listed as Category 2 by The World Conservation Union (IUCN).

Opština
Opština, općina, občina, obshtina or obshchina (Cyrillic: општина, опћина or община), is a local government unit in Slavic-speaking countries, most commonly translated as municipality in English. It is used by the following countries:
Frederick William Ward
Frederick William Ward (5 April 1847 – 1 July 1934) was an Australian journalist, newspaper editor and Methodist minister.

Ward was born in New Zealand, the fourth son of the Rev. Robert Ward, a Primitive Methodist clergyman, and was sent to Brisbane, Australia around 1867 as a Methodist minister. He was then sent to Newcastle, New South Wales but resigned in 1869 and then joined the Wesleyan Church.

In 1876 Ward left the ministry and became a journalist. In 1877 he edited the Wesleyan Weekly Advocate, then from 1879 to 1884 edited The Sydney Mail and the Echo 1883 to 1884. From 1884 to 1890, Ward was editor of The Sydney Morning Herald. He was later editor of The Brisbane Courier until he resigned in 1898 when he was appointed leader-writer for the Melbourne Argus. He was then editor of the Sydney Daily Telegraph 1903–1914 and the Brisbane Telegraph 1916–1920.

Ward died at home in Kirribilli, Sydney on 1 July 1934. He was survived by two sons and two daughters.

The Courier-Mail
The Courier-Mail is an Australian newspaper published in Brisbane. Owned by News Corp Australia, it is published daily from Monday to Saturday in tabloid format. Its editorial offices are located at Bowen Hills, in Brisbane's inner northern suburbs, and it is printed at Yandina on the Sunshine Coast. It is available for purchase both online and in paper form throughout Queensland and most regions of Northern New South Wales.
Gökçedam
Gökçedam (also known as Hemite) is a village in the Osmaniye District in Osmaniye Province, Turkey. Its population is 586 (2022). The village is inhabited by Turkmens. It was the birthplace of the famous Turkish novelist of Kurdish origin Yaşar Kemal.

Its most conspicuous feature is a plug of rock in the centre of the village with a ruined castle perched on its summit. The Ceyhan river passes the outskirts of the village and there is a waterside park with a small museum to Yaşar Kemal (not always open).

Osmaniye Province
Osmaniye Province (Turkish: Osmaniye ili) is a province in south-central Turkey. It was named Cebel-i Bereket (lit. 'Fertile Mountain') in the early republic until 1933, when it was incorporated into Adana Province. It was made a province again in 1996. Its area is 3,320 km2, and its population is 559,405 (2022). The province is situated in Çukurova, a geographical, economical and cultural region. The capital of the province is Osmaniye. Other major towns include Kadirli and Düziçi.
Blend modes
Blend modes (alternatively blending modes or mixing modes) in digital image editing and computer graphics are used to determine how two layers are blended with each other. The default blend mode in most applications is simply to obscure the lower layer by covering it with whatever is present in the top layer (see alpha compositing); because each pixel has numerical values, there also are many other ways to blend two layers.

Most graphics editing programs, such as Adobe Photoshop and GIMP, allow users to modify the basic blend modes, for example by applying different levels of opacity to the top "layer". The top "layer" is not necessarily a layer in the application; it may be applied with a painting or editing tool. The top "layer" also is called the "blend layer" and the "active layer".

In the formulas shown on this page, values go from 0.0 (black) to 1.0 (white).

GIMP
The GNU Image Manipulation Program, commonly known by its acronym GIMP (/ɡɪmp/ ⓘ GHIMP), is a free and open-source raster graphics editor.

It is commonly used for photo retouching, image editing, free-hand drawing, and converting between different image file formats.

GIMP is freely available on Microsoft Windows, Linux and macOS. It is licensed under the GNU General Public License (GPL 3.0 or later). The project is a non-profit supported by a community of volunteers. Users are encouraged to contribute.

GIMP supports plugins and scripting, allowing users to extend its features and automate tasks.  While it is not primarily designed for drawing, some artists and creators still use it for that purpose.
Lake Parker (Vermont)
Lake Parker is located in the northwest corner of West Glover, Orleans County, Vermont in an area known as the Northeast Kingdom. This freshwater lake covers 239 acres (0.97 km2) and is just over one mile (1.6 km) long and one-half mile wide; its maximum depth is 48 feet (15 m). The lake is fed by two primary streams and outlets into Roaring Brook, which empties into the Barton River, Lake Memphremagog and, eventually, Canada's St. Lawrence River. It is bordered on three sides by seasonal homes; the southern end is a natural estuary sheltering waterfowl. The surrounding land is farmed for raising dairy cattle.

Orleans County, Vermont
Orleans County is a county located in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of Vermont. As of the 2020 census, the population was 27,393. Its shire town (county seat) is the city of Newport. The county was created in 1792 and organized in 1799. As in the rest of New England, few governmental powers have been granted to the county. The county is an expedient way of grouping and distributing state-controlled governmental services.
Romano Scozzafava
Romano Scozzafava (born November 12, 1935) is an Italian mathematician known for his contributions to subjective probability along the lines of Bruno de Finetti, based on the concept of coherence. He taught Probability Calculus at the Engineering Faculty of the Sapienza University of Rome from 1979 to his retirement (at the end of 2009).

Scozzafava has conducted significant research on Bayesian inference, statistical physics, artificial intelligence, and fuzzy set theory in terms of coherent conditional probability. He has written six books and over 200 papers on these subjects. Throughout his career, he actively participated in politics as a supporter of the Italian Radical Party and of “Associazione Luca Coscioni” for Freedom of Scientific Research.

Bayesian inference
Bayesian inference (/ˈbeɪziən/ BAY-zee-ən or /ˈbeɪʒən/ BAY-zhən) is a method of statistical inference in which Bayes' theorem is used to calculate a probability of a hypothesis, given prior evidence, and update it as more information becomes available. Fundamentally, Bayesian inference uses a prior distribution to estimate posterior probabilities. Bayesian inference is an important technique in statistics, and especially in mathematical statistics. Bayesian updating is particularly important in the dynamic analysis of a sequence of data. Bayesian inference has found application in a wide range of activities, including science, engineering, philosophy, medicine, sport, and law. In the philosophy of decision theory, Bayesian inference is closely related to subjective probability, often called "Bayesian probability".
Vännäs TV Tower
Vännäs TV Tower (Swedish: Vännäsmasten) is a Swedish concrete television tower that has a mast on top. It is used for transmitting FM-/TV-broadcasting.

The Vännäs TV Tower resembles the Gerbrandy Tower in IJsselstein, the Netherlands. They both are a concrete tower with a steel mast on top that is guyed to the ground. The Gerbrandy Tower is 367 m (1,204 ft) tall, while the Vännäs Tower is shorter at 323 m (1,060 ft) tall.

Vännäs TV Tower was close to collapsing due to heavy icing in 1988. They managed to save the tower by spraying hot water and glycol from a helicopter.

IJsselstein
IJsselstein (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɛisəlstɛin] ⓘ) is a municipality and city in the Netherlands, in the province of Utrecht. IJsselstein received city rights in 1331. IJsselstein owes its name to the river Hollandse IJssel which flows through the city. It is a major commuting suburb for the Utrecht area, along with the neighbouring towns Houten and Nieuwegein (in part due to the Sneltram light rail line serving the area). It is surrounded by the municipalities of Utrecht, Montfoort, Lopik, Vijfheerenlanden and Nieuwegein.
Vizcachas River
The Vizcachas River is a river in the south of the Patagonic province of Santa Cruz, Argentina. It is born at the Sierra de los Baguales, from the confluence of several streams, and descends from the Vizcachas Plain, flowing south until reaching a low-lying marsh area. At the 51° S parallel, it turns abruptly west until reaching the border with Chile, which it follows and then crosses.

The Vizcachas, together with the Zanja Honda Stream and the Guillermo River, empty into the Serrano River, which ends in the Pacific Ocean.

Serrano River
51°24′40″S 73°04′59″W﻿ / ﻿51.411°S 73.083°W﻿ / -51.411; -73.083

Serrano River is a river located in the Magallanes Region of Chile. Its main tributary is Grey River. The Serrano Glacier is an attraction on the river. The waters of the Serrano River eventually reach Seno Ultima Esperanza.

The Chilean scientific agency CEQUA confirmed an infestation of the algae Didymo in the Serrano River in early 2015.
Augusta Tonning
Hilda Augusta Tonning née Grönvall (1857–1932) was a Swedish schoolteacher and suffragist. Together with her husband Pär Tonning,  from 1879 she taught at folk high schools, first in Fornby near Borlänge and then at the school they established in Falun. After her husband's death, in 1898 she set up a commercial vegetable garden near Ronneby. In 1902, she joined the women's movement and went on to establish a number of suffrage associations, actively  campaigning for women's voting rights. During the First World War, she also supported efforts towards peace. Even after women received the right to vote in the 1920s, Tonning continued to support women's rights, giving courses at the property she had built near Ronneby, where she also offered hospitality to former suffragists.

Ronneby
Ronneby is a locality and the seat of Ronneby Municipality in Blekinge County, Sweden with 12,636 inhabitants in 2023.

Ronneby is regarded as the heart of "the Garden of Sweden", and in 2005 the park "Brunnsparken" in Ronneby was voted Sweden's most beautiful park. 2006 the park was voted Europe's 4th most beautiful park. The church Heliga Kors kyrka was founded in the 12th century, modified and extended until the 15th century, and badly damaged during Northern Seven Years' War in the 16th century.
Mona al Mansouri
Mona al Mansouri (Arabic: منى المنصوري) is an Emirati fashion designer, and former engineer. She graduated with a double major in geological and biological engineering. She worked as an engineer in the geophysical petroleum industry. Starting in 1991, she became a fashion designer.

Dual degree
Joint degrees are academic qualifications awarded through integrated study programmes jointly designed, coordinated, and delivered by two or more higher education institutions. These institutions may be located within the same country or across different national education systems. Depending on the structure of the programme and the applicable legal frameworks, graduates may receive a single joint qualification, two separate qualifications (commonly referred to as a double degree or dual degree), or multiple national diplomas awarded for a single coordinated course of study.

Joint degrees differ from standard national qualifications in that they are based on shared curricula, coordinated quality assurance procedures, and mutual recognition of academic work across participating institutions. They are often used as instruments of academic cooperation and internationalisation in higher education.
Sociedad, El Salvador
13°42′N 88°01′W﻿ / ﻿13.700°N 88.017°W﻿ / 13.700; -88.017

Sociedad is a municipality in the Morazán department of El Salvador. It lies between La Unión and San Miguel, both of which are departments of El Salvador.

Municipalities of El Salvador
The municipalities of El Salvador (Spanish: municipios) are the second-level administrative divisions within the Republic of El Salvador. These municipalities divide the country's departments and serve as the fundamental administrative units of local government.