hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mode scrambler
In telecommunications, a mode scrambler or mode mixer is a device for inducing mode coupling in an optical fiber, or a device that, itself, exhibits a uniform output intensity profile independent of the input mode volume or modal excitation condition. Mode scramblers are used to provide a modal distribution that is independent of the optical source for purposes of laboratory, manufacturing, or field measurements or tests. Mode scramblers are primarily used to improve reproducibility of multimode fiber bandwidth measurements.

Transverse mode
A transverse mode of electromagnetic radiation is a particular electromagnetic field pattern of the radiation in the plane perpendicular (i.e., transverse) to the radiation's propagation direction. Transverse modes occur in radio waves and microwaves confined to a waveguide, and also in light waves in an optical fiber and in a laser's optical resonator.

Transverse modes occur because of boundary conditions imposed on the wave by the waveguide. For example, a radio wave in a hollow metal waveguide must have zero tangential electric field amplitude at the walls of the waveguide, so the transverse pattern of the electric field of waves is restricted to those that fit between the walls. For this reason, the modes supported by a waveguide are quantized. The allowed modes can be found by solving Maxwell's equations for the boundary conditions of a given waveguide.
Endoscopic group
In mathematics, endoscopic groups of reductive algebraic groups were introduced by Robert Langlands (1979, 1983) in his work on the stable trace formula.

Roughly speaking, an endoscopic group H of G is a quasi-split group whose L-group is the connected component of the centralizer of a semisimple element of the L-group of G.

In the stable trace formula,  unstable orbital integrals on a  group G correspond to  stable orbital integrals on its endoscopic groups H. The relation between them is given by the fundamental lemma.

Quasi-split group
In mathematics, a quasi-split group over a field is a reductive group with a Borel subgroup defined over the field.  Simply connected quasi-split groups over a field correspond to actions of the absolute Galois group on a Dynkin diagram.
Kiprovo
Kiprovo (Russian: Кипрово) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:

Kiprovo, Arkhangelsk Oblast, a village in Pavlovsky Selsoviet of Kargopolsky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast

Kiprovo, Novgorod Oblast, a village in Tregubovskoye Settlement of Chudovsky District of Novgorod Oblast

Kiprovo, Pskov Oblast, a village in Dnovsky District of Pskov Oblast

Dnovsky District
Dnovsky District (Russian: Дно́вский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-four in Pskov Oblast, Russia. It is located in the east of the oblast and borders with Soletsky District of Novgorod Oblast in the northeast, Volotovsky District, also of Novgorod Oblast, in the east, Dedovichsky District in the south, and with Porkhovsky District in the west. The area of the district is 1,194 square kilometers (461 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Dno. Population: 13,341 (2010 Census); 16,048 (2002 Census); 20,110 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Dno accounts for 67.9% of the district's total population.
Worldfocus
Worldfocus is an American newscast focused on international news and reporting. The newscast was originally anchored by Martin Savidge and later hosted by Daljit Dhaliwal. It was produced by WNET New York and distributed to U.S. public television stations by American Public Television. It ceased broadcasting on April 2, 2010.

American Public Television
American Public Television (APT) is an American nonprofit organization and syndicator of programming for public television stations in the United States. It distributes public television programs nationwide for PBS member stations and independent educational stations, as well as the Create and World television networks.
Oberoendeframkallande
Oberoendeframkallande is the fifth studio album by Swedish rapper Timbuktu. The album, produced by Breakmecanix, was released as both vinyl and compact disc, with both releases having slightly different track listings.

Swedish hip-hop
Swedish hip hop originated in the cities of Stockholm and Malmö in the first half of the 1980s.  Early on, most rappers in Sweden performed in English. Funkalics and The Latin Kings, two very different acts united by their innovative use of the Swedish language, debuted a decade later and paved the way for a second, and bigger, breakthrough for Swedish hip hop. Today, some of the most popular rappers use Swedish, often in different accents.
Gazelle Valley
Gazelle Valley (Hebrew: עמק הצבאים, translit: Emek Hatzva'im), previously known as the Pri Har Valley, is an open space of 260 dunams (64.25 acres) in the heart of Jerusalem, Israel, on the edge of the Givat Mordechai neighborhood, opposite the busy Patt Intersection.

Dunam
A dunam (Ottoman Turkish, Arabic: دونم; Turkish: dönüm; Hebrew: דונם; Yiddish: דונאם), also known as a donum or dunum and as the old, Turkish, or Ottoman stremma, was the Ottoman unit of area analogous in role (but not equal) to the Greek stremma or English acre, representing the amount of land that could be ploughed by a team of oxen in a day. The legal definition was "forty standard paces in length and breadth", but its actual area varied considerably from place to place, from a little more than 900 square metres [9,690 sq ft] in Ottoman Palestine to around 2,500 square metres [26,910 square feet] in Iraq.

The unit is still in use in many areas previously ruled by the Ottomans, although the new or metric dunam has been redefined as exactly one decare (1,000 square metres [10,760 square feet]), which is 1/10 hectare (1/10 × 10,000 square metres [107,640 square feet]), like the modern Greek royal stremma.
Pat Lahey
Thomas Patrick Lahey (October 21, 1919 – October 18, 2009) was an American football end.

Lahey was born in Dunbridge, Ohio, and attended Bowling Green High School in Bowling Green, Ohio. He played college football for John Carroll.  He also served in the Marine Corps during World War II and played on the 1945 El Toro Flying Marines football team.

He played professional football in the All-America Football Conference for the Chicago Rockets from 1946 to 1947. He appeared in 26 games, 14 as a starter, and caught 30 passes for 351 yards.

Lahey died in Northbrook, Illinois, in 2009.

John Carroll Blue Streaks football
The John Carroll Blue Streaks football program is the intercollegiate American football team for John Carroll University located in the U.S. state of Ohio. They compete in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) at the Division III level and are members of the North Coast Athletic Conference (NCAC). The team was established in 1920 and plays its home games at the 5,416 seat Don Shula Stadium. As of the 2016 season, John Carroll has won 11 conference titles, 7 in the Presidents' Athletic Conference and 4 in the Ohio Athletic Conference. Drew Nystrom serves as the interim head football coach. During the 2022 season, John Carroll celebrated its 100th season of football.
Wood Grain Wheel
"Wood Grain Wheel" is a song by rapper Slim Thug. It was originally supposed to be the first single from his second album Boss of All Bosses, but the song failed to make the final cut. The song is produced by Houston producer Mr. Lee. Video cameo appearances were made by the whole Boss Hogg Outlawz and Lil Keke. A different version featuring PJ and Sir Daily appears as "Wood Wheel" on Serve & Collect.

The song peaked at number 70 on the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart.

Slim Thug
Stayve Jerome Thomas (born September 8, 1980) better known by his stage name Slim Thug, is an American rapper. He gained mainstream attention for his guest performance alongside Paul Wall on Mike Jones' 2004 single "Still Tippin'". The following year, he guest appeared alongside Bun B on Beyoncé's 2005 single "Check on It"—which peaked atop the Billboard Hot 100 and won an MTV Music Video Award—and signed with Interscope Geffen A&M and the Neptunes' Star Trak Entertainment to release his debut studio album Already Platinum (2005). It peaked at number two on the Billboard 200 and was followed by his second album, Boss of All Bosses (2009), which peaked at number 15 as an independent release.

Furthermore, Thomas guest appeared on Gwen Stefani's 2005 single "Luxurious", which peaked at number 21 on the Billboard Hot 100.
Attalea phalerata
Attalea phalerata is a species of palm tree known by the English common name urucuri palm, the Portuguese common name urucurizeiro, and the Spanish common name shapaja. Other common names include motacu and bacuri. It is native to Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, and Peru, where it grows along southern and western Amazonia. It is the most common palm tree on the Pantanal.

Pantanal
The Pantanal (Portuguese pronunciation: [pɐ̃taˈnaw], Spanish pronunciation: [pantaˈnal]) is a natural region encompassing the world's largest tropical wetland area, and the world's largest flooded grasslands. It is located mostly within the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso do Sul, but it extends into Mato Grosso and portions of Bolivia and Paraguay. It sprawls over an area estimated at between 140,000 and 195,000 km2 (54,000 and 75,000 sq mi). Various subregional ecosystems exist, each with distinct hydrological, geological, and ecological characteristics; up to 12 of them have been defined.

Roughly 80% of the Pantanal floodplains are submerged during the rainy seasons, nurturing a biologically diverse collection of aquatic plants and helping to support a dense array of animal species.
Chris Norton
Chris Norton is a former American football defensive back, who played Division III football for the Luther College Norse.  His football career ended in 2010 when he became paralyzed while making a tackle during a kick off in a game against Central College.  He was given a 3% chance of ever regaining movement below the neck but has continued to recover some sensation and mobility throughout his body—including his hands, legs, feet and torso. Today he lives in Florida with his wife where he manages his non-profit foundation and works full-time as a motivational speaker.

Luther College (Iowa)
Luther College is a private Lutheran liberal arts college in Decorah, Iowa, United States. Established as a Lutheran seminary in 1861 by Norwegian immigrants, the school today is an institution of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. The upper campus was listed as the Luther College Campus Historic District on the National Register of Historic Places in 2021.
Alexander Ogomudia
Alexander Odeareduo Ogomudia CFR DSS fwc psc(+) MSc FNSE (born 29 December 1949) is a retired Nigerian army general who served as Chief of Defence Staff of Nigeria from 2003 to 2006 and Chief of Army Staff from 2001 to 2003.

Chief of Army Staff (Nigeria)
The chief of army staff (COAS) has been the title of the professional head of the Nigerian Army since 1966. Prior to 1966, the title was General Officer Commanding, Nigerian Army (GOCNA). Since 1980, the post has been immediately subordinate to the chief of defence staff, the post held by the head of the Nigerian Armed Forces. The position is often occupied by the most senior officer appointed by the president.

The current chief of army staff is Lieutenant General Waidi Shaibu, who succeeded Lieutenant General Olufemi Oluyede, following his appointment as CDS.
Statue of Władysław Sikorski
The statue of General Władysław Sikorski is a statue on Portland Place in London.

Władysław Sikorski served as the Prime Minister in exile of Poland during German occupation in the Second World War. He worked from the nearby Polish Embassy. He died in 1943 while returning from inspecting Polish troops in the Middle East.

The statue was designed by Faith Winter and unveiled in 2000 by the Duke of Kent. At the ceremony, the Duke read out a letter from Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother recalling her and George VI's fond impression of Sikorski. The statue's inscription also commemorates the Polish resistance and those that died fighting for the movement.

Portland Place
Portland Place is a street in the Marylebone district of central London. Named after the 3rd Duke of Portland, the unusually wide street is home to the BBC's headquarters Broadcasting House, the Chinese and Polish embassies, the Royal Institute of British Architects and numerous residential mansion blocks.
Gustav Borer
Gustav Borer (born 19 June 1930) is a Swiss former footballer who played in the 1950s. He played as midfielder.

Borer joined FC Basel's first team in their 1955–56 season under trainer Béla Sárosi. Borer played his domestic league debut for the club in the away game on 16 June 1956 as Basel were defeated 2–6 by La Chaux-de-Fonds. He scored his only goal for his club on 2 November 1957 in the Swiss Cup home match at the Landhof as Basel were 8–0 winners against FC Olten.

Between the years 1955 and 1958 Borer played a total of 50 games for Basel scoring only that one goal. 40 of these games were in the Nationalliga A, one was in the Swiss Cup and the other nine were friendly games.

After his time with FC Basel Merlini moved on to play for FC Aarau, who at that time played in the Nationalliga B (second tier of Swiss football).

FC La Chaux-de-Fonds
FC La Chaux-de-Fonds is a Swiss football club based in La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland. The club currently play in 1. Liga Classic, the fourth tier of Swiss football. It was founded on 4 July 1894 and used to play at the Stade Charrière.
Eastnor, Herefordshire
Eastnor /iːstnər/ is a village in Herefordshire, England, 2 mi (3 km) east of Ledbury and the same distance from the tripoint of the county with Worcestershire and Gloucestershire.

Eastnor Castle built by Earl Somers (d.1841) is within its medieval-founded parish which it is named after. The settlement is also the main settlement of its civil parish.

The 12th-century Church of St John the Baptist was redesigned and rebuilt by Sir George Gilbert Scott in 1852 and is a grade I listed building.  Eastnor Lake occupies a similar area to the village centre and is at the point where two streams from the north join to form the Glynch Brook, one of two similar axis left-bank tributaries of the River Leadon.

Ledbury
Ledbury is a market town and civil parish in the county of Herefordshire, England, lying east of Hereford, and west of the Malvern Hills.

It has a significant number of Tudor-style timber-framed structures, in particular along Church Lane and High Street. One of the most outstanding is Ledbury Market Hall, built in 1617, located in the town centre. Other notable buildings include the parish church of St. Michael and All Angels, the Painted Room (containing sixteenth-century frescoes), the Old Grammar School, the Barrett-Browning memorial clock tower (designed by Brightwen Binyon and opened in 1896 to house the library until 2015), nearby Eastnor Castle and the St. Katherine's Hospital site. Founded c. 1231, this is a rare surviving example of a hospital complex, with hall, chapel, a Master's House (fully restored and opened in March 2015 to house the Library), almshouses and a timber-framed barn.
KIF17
Kinesin-like protein KIF17 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KIF17 gene. KIF17 and its close relative, C. elegans OSM-3, are members of the kinesin-2 family of plus-end directed microtubule-based motor proteins. In contrast to heterotrimeric kinesin-2 motors, however, KIF17 and OSM-3 form distinct homodimeric complexes. Homodimeric kinesin-2 has been implicated in the transport of NMDA receptors along dendrites for delivery to the dendritic membrane, whereas both heterotrimeric and homodimeric kinesin-2 motors function cooperatively in anterograde intraflagellar transport (IFT) and cilium biogenesis.

Dendrite
A dendrite (from Greek δένδρον déndron, "tree") or dendron is a branched cytoplasmic process that extends from a nerve cell that propagates the electrochemical stimulation received from other neural cells to the cell body, or soma, of the neuron from which the dendrites project. Electrical stimulation is transmitted onto dendrites by upstream neurons (usually via their axons) via synapses which are located at various points throughout the dendritic tree.

Dendrites play a critical role in integrating these synaptic inputs and in determining the extent to which action potentials are produced by the neuron.
26th Canadian Ministry
The Twenty-Sixth Canadian Ministry was the combined cabinet, chaired by Prime Minister Jean Chrétien, and the contemporary secretaries of state.  It governed Canada from 4 November 1993 to 12 December 2003, including the 35th Canadian Parliament, the 36th, and most of the 37th. The government was formed by the Liberal Party of Canada. One particular fact of this ministry is the creation of Secretaries of State out of the Cabinet, but still in the ministry.

Christine Stewart
Christine Susan Stewart, PC (3 January 1941 – 25 April 2015) was a Canadian politician. She served three terms as a Liberal Party Member of Parliament for the riding of Northumberland in Ontario. During her career she held the cabinet positions of Secretary of State for Latin America and Africa, and Minister of the Environment.
Gazmend Çitaku
Gazmend Çitaku is an Albanian Montenegrin photographer, publisher, and librarian. Born on December 4, 1970, in Skenderaj, Yugoslavia (now Kosovo), he lives and works in Ulcinj, Montenegro. He belongs to the Universum Academy of Switzerland, Bashkimit të Krijuesve Shqiptarë në Mal të Zi (“Union of Albanian Artists in Montenegro”), and the Qendrës Mediterane të Fotografisë dhe Asociacionit Ulqini (Ulcinj Association for Mediterranean Photography”).

Albanians in Montenegro
Albanians in Montenegro (Albanian: Shqiptarët e Malit të Zi; Montenegrin: Албанци у Црној Гори, romanized: Albanci u Crnoj Gori) are ethnic Albanians who constitute 4.97% of Montenegro's total population. They are the largest non-Slavic ethnic group in Montenegro.

Albanians are particularly concentrated in southeastern and eastern Montenegro alongside the border with Albania in the following municipalities including Ulcinj (73.5% of total population), Tuzi (62.6%), Gusinje (34.4%), Plav (9.4%), and Rožaje (5.1%).

The largest Montenegrin town with significant Albanian population is Ulcinj, where the Albanian National Council is located. In 2022, Dritan Abazović became the first ethnic Albanian to hold the office of Prime Minister of Montenegro.
Jura separatism
Jura separatism (French: séparatisme jurassien) is a regionalist autonomist movement in the Bernese Jura of Switzerland.

The "Jura question" (French: question jurassienne; German: Jurafrage) is the question of secession of the Jura region from Bern, implemented partially as three of seven districts formed the Canton of Jura in 1979, while the remaining four opted to remain with Bern.

Moutier District
Moutier District was one of the three French-speaking districts of the Bernese Jura in the canton of Bern with the seat being Moutier, the other two being Courtelary and La Neuveville. It had a population of about 23,098 in 2004. On 1 January 2010, the district lost its administrative power while being replaced by the Bernese Jura, whose administrative centre is Courtelary. Since 2010, it remains therefore a fully recognised district under the law and the Constitution (Art.3 al.2) of the Canton of Berne.

On 1 January 2026, the town of Moutier joined the canton of Jura. A Moutier District was created, with Moutier being the only municipality of the district. This measure is meant to be temporary, with long-term options still being debated.
The Fighting Edge
The Fighting Edge is a 1926 American silent action film directed by Henry Lehrman and written by Edward T. Lowe Jr. and Jack Wagner. It is based on the 1922 novel The Fighting Edge by William MacLeod Raine. The film stars Kenneth Harlan, Patsy Ruth Miller, David Kirby, Heinie Conklin, Pat Hartigan, and Lew Harvey. The film was released by Warner Bros. on January 8, 1926.

Henry Lehrman
Henry Lehrman (30 March 1881 – 7 November 1946) was an American actor, screenwriter, director and producer. Lehrman was a very prominent figure of Hollywood's silent film era, working with such cinematic pioneers as D. W. Griffith and Mack Sennett. He directed, as well as co-starred in, Charlie Chaplin's first film, Making a Living.

Lehrman was notoriously careless of the safety of the actors who worked for him. He was the fiancé of the actress Virginia Rappe, for whose death Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle (whom Lehrman had directed in about a dozen films in the early 1920s), in a highly publicized series of trials, was accused, and later acquitted, of manslaughter.
Tochukwu (name)
Tochukwu audioⓘ is a name of Igbo origin from south-eastern  Nigeria. It is a combination of two Igbo words 'to' meaning 'praise' and 'chukwu' meaning 'God'. Tochukwu is a name used by Igbo families to signify the sovereignty of God.

Igbo language
Igbo (English: /ˈiːboʊ/ EE-boh, US also /ˈɪɡboʊ/ IG-boh; Standard Igbo: Ásụ̀sụ́ Ìgbò [ásʊ̀sʊ̀ ìɡ͡bò] ⓘ) is the principal native language of the Igbo people, an ethnicity in the Southeastern part of Nigeria.

Igbo languages are spoken by a total of 31 million people. The number of Igboid languages depends on how one classifies a language versus a dialect, so there could be around 35 different Igbo languages. The core Igbo cluster, or Igbo proper, is generally thought to be one language but there is limited mutual intelligibility between the different groupings (north, west, south and east). A standard literary language termed 'Igbo izugbe' (meaning "general igbo") was generically developed and later adopted around 1972, with its core foundation based on the Orlu (Isu dialects), Anambra (Awka dialects) and Umuahia (Ohuhu dialects), omitting the nasalization and aspiration of those varieties.
Inferior tympanic artery
The inferior tympanic artery is a small branch of the ascending pharyngeal artery which passes through the tympanic canaliculus alongside the tympanic branch of glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) to reach and provide arterial supply to the medial wall of the tympanic cavity where it forms anastomoses with the other tympanic arteries.

Tympanic nerve
The tympanic nerve (Jacobson's nerve) is a branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve passing through the petrous part of the temporal bone to reach the middle ear. It provides sensory innervation for the middle ear, the Eustachian tube, the parotid gland, and mastoid cells. It also carries parasympathetic fibers destined for the parotid gland.