hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bartolomeo Scala
Bartolomeo Scala (1430–1497) was an Italian politician, author and historian. Born in Colle Val d'Elsa, he became a protégé of Cosimo and Piero de' Medici, being appointed at the highest positions in the Florentine Republic (Chancellor, Secretary, Gonfaloniere and Priore).

He wrote an unfinished History of Florence, as well as various essays and dialogues. He was a member of the Accademia Neoplatonica. Scala died in 1497, and was buried in a chapel of Annunziata.

Cosimo de' Medici
Cosimo di Giovanni de' Medici (27 September 1389 – 1 August 1464) was an Italian banker and politician who became the de facto first ruler of Florence during the Italian Renaissance, establishing the Medici family as its effective leaders for generations. His power derived from his wealth as a banker and intermarriage with other rich and powerful families. He was a patron of arts, learning, and architecture. He spent over 600,000 gold florins (approx. $500 million inflation adjusted) on art and culture, including Donatello's David, the first freestanding nude male sculpture since antiquity.

Despite his influence, his power was not absolute; he was viewed by fellow Florentine politicians as first among equals rather than an autocrat. Florence's legislative councils resisted his proposals throughout his political career, even sending him into exile from 1433 to 1434.
Robert Grabowski
Robert Casimer "Bebob" Grabowski, M.M.Ed., FIU 1991, B.M., UM 1979, (born June 21, 1956 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania), is an American educator, author, bassist, jazz historian, diver and underwater photographer in the Florida Keys. He was named number three in the Miami New Times list of Miami's Top Ten Jazz Musicians.

Miami New Times
The Miami New Times is a newspaper based in Miami, Florida, with online news coverage and commentary published daily and a print edition distributed weekly. Focusing primarily on local arts and culture, the Miami New Times serves the Miami metropolitan area, and is headquartered in Miami's Wynwood Art District.
Annai Velankanni
Annai Velankanni (transl. Mother Velankanni) is a 1971 Indian Tamil-language film directed by K. Thangappan. The film stars Gemini Ganesan, Jayalalithaa, Padmini, and K. R. Vijaya. Kamal Haasan briefly appears in an uncredited role as Jesus Christ. It comprises three stories pertaining to Catholic beliefs.

Padmini (actress)
Padmini Ramachandran  (13 December 1932 – 24 September 2006) was an Indian actress and Bharatanatyam dancer, who acted in over 250 Indian films. She acted in Tamil, Hindi, Malayalam, Telugu and Russian language films. Padmini, her elder sister Lalitha and her younger sister Ragini, were collectively called the "Travancore sisters".
Sangre de Cristo Pass
Sangre de Cristo Pass, elevation 9,468-foot (2,886 m), is a mountain pass in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains of the U.S. State of Colorado.  The pass is located immediately north of U.S. Highway 160 one half mile (800 m) northwest of North La Veta Pass.  The pass separates Costilla County from Huerfano County, the Rio Grande drainage basin from the Arkansas River basin, and the headwaters of Sangre de Cristo Creek from those of Oak Creek.

Sangre de Cristo Pass was a popular early route between the Rio Grande and the Arkansas River for native peoples, trappers, and traders.  The pass was the site of the Spanish Fort of 1819, the only permanent structure built by the Spanish government in the Mountain West north of the present State of New Mexico.

Costilla County, Colorado
Costilla County (Spanish for "rib") is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. As of the 2020 census, the population was 3,499. The county seat is San Luis, the oldest continuously occupied town in Colorado.
Minamikanbara District, Niigata
Tagami-machi

Minamikanbara (南蒲原郡, Minamikanbara-gun) is a district located in Niigata Prefecture, Japan.

As of July 1, 2019, the district had an estimated population of 11,481 with a density of 362 persons per km2. The total area was 31.71 km2.

Kamo, Niigata
Kamo (加茂市, Kamo-shi) is a city located in Niigata Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 July 2019, the city had an estimated population of 25,971 in 10,270 households, and a population density of 194 persons per km2. The total area of the city was 133.72 square kilometres (51.63 sq mi).
Airborne observatory
An airborne observatory is an airplane or airship with an astronomical telescope. By carrying the telescope to a sufficiently high altitude, the telescope can avoid cloud cover, pollution, and carry out observations in the infrared spectrum, above water vapor in the atmosphere which absorbs infrared radiation. Some drawbacks to this approach are the instability of the lifting platform, the weight restrictions on the instrument, the need to safely recover the gear afterward, and the cost compared to a comparable ground-based observatory.

Multiple observations of solar eclipses were performed from 1920 to 1980. NASA created first specialised airborne observatory, Galileo, in 1965. SOFIA, the latest such observatory, was retired in 2022.

Gerard Kuiper
Gerard Peter Kuiper (/ˈkaɪpər/ KY-pər; born Gerrit Pieter Kuiper, Dutch: [ˈɣɛrɪt ˈpitər ˈkœypər]; 7 December 1905 – 23 December 1973) was a Dutch astronomer, planetary scientist, selenographer, author and professor. The Kuiper belt is named after him.

Kuiper is considered by many to be the father of modern planetary science.
Williamsfield, Ohio
Williamsfield is an unincorporated community in central Williamsfield Township, Ashtabula County, Ohio, United States.  It has a post office with the ZIP code 44093.  It lies at the intersection of U.S. Route 322 with State Route 7. In 2014, it was named the most stressed community in the United States.

The community was named for General Joseph Williams, an original owner of the town site.

U.S. Route 322
U.S. Route 322 (US 322) is a 494-mile-long (795.0 km), east–west United States Highway, traversing Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey. The road is a spur of US 22 and one of the original highways from 1926. A portion of it at one time was concurrent with the Lakes-to-Sea Highway.
Cowielepis
Cowielepis is an extinct genus of jawless fish in the class Anaspida. It is from the Cowie Harbour fish bed (Cowie Formation) of Stonehaven, Scotland, which age is considered as the Silurian (Wenlock to Ludlow), or Early Devonian (Lochkovian).

Cowie, Aberdeenshire
Cowie is an historic fishing village in Kincardineshire, Scotland.  This village has existed since the Middle Ages, but in current times it is effectively subsumed into the town of Stonehaven. It had an estimated population of 
2,720 in 2020.
Colombana nera
Colombana nera is a red Italian wine grape variety that is grown in Emilia-Romagna and Tuscany. Despite similarities in name, the grape did not get its name from nor is it grown in the San Colombano al Lambro region of Lombardy nor is it permitted in the Denominazione di origine controllata (DOC) wine of the same name. Rather, ampelographers believe that Colombana nera is named after the Abbey of San Colombano located in the commune of Bobbio in the Piacenza province of Emilia-Romagna where the grape has had a long history of cultivation.

Bobbio Abbey
Bobbio Abbey (Italian: Abbazia di San Colombano) is a monastery founded by Irish Saint Columbanus in 614, around which later grew up the town of Bobbio, in the province of Piacenza, Emilia-Romagna, Italy. It is dedicated to Saint Columbanus. It was famous as a centre of resistance to Arianism and as one of the greatest libraries in the Middle Ages. The abbey was dissolved under the French administration in 1803, although many of the buildings remain in other uses.
Fritz Knaak
Frederic W. "Fritz" Knaak (born January 2, 1953) is an American lawyer and politician.

Knaak was born in Rochester, Minnesota. He lived in White Bear Lake, Minnesota, with his family and graduated from White Bear Lake High School in 1971. He graduated from Saint John's University in 1975 and from the University of Minnesota Law School in 1978. He practiced law in White Bear Lake. Knaak served in the Minnesota Senate from 1983 to 1992 as a Republican. His mother, Delores J. Knaak, also served in the Minnesota Legislature.

White Bear Lake, Minnesota
White Bear Lake is a city in Ramsey County in the state of Minnesota, United States. A small portion of the city also extends into Washington County. The population was 24,883 at the 2020 census. The city is located on White Bear Lake, one of the largest lakes in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan area. The lake is a large lake that is home to many different species of fish including largemouth bass, smallmouth bass, northern pike, and a variety of other species.
Datteln Power Station
Datteln Power Station (German: Kraftwerk Datteln) is a modern coal-fired thermal power station in Datteln, Recklinghausen, 12 km north of Dortmund, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It comprises four units with a total capacity of approximately 1,419 MW gross. Units 1-3 were built between 1964 and 1969 and were decommissioned in 2014. A notable characteristic of this power station is the fact that the most recently built unit, Unit 4, does not have a waste gas flue. Instead, the desulphurised flue gases are expelled using the updraught from the existing 180 m (590 ft) cooling tower. The power station is operated by Uniper.

The plant employs about 200 full-time workers and 300 external jobs.

Flue gas
Flue gas is the gas exiting to the atmosphere via a flue, which is a pipe or channel for conveying exhaust gases, as from a fireplace, oven, furnace, boiler or steam generator. It often refers to the exhaust gas of combustion at power plants. Technology is available to remove pollutants from flue gas at power plants.

Combustion of fossil fuels is a common source of flue gas. They are usually combusted with ambient air, with the largest part of the flue gas from most fossil-fuel combustion being nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and water vapor.
Short Scion
The Short S.16 Scion  and Scion II were 1930s British two-engine, cantilever monoplanes built by Short Brothers and (under licence) by Pobjoy Airmotors and Aircraft Ltd. in Rochester, Kent between 1933 and 1937. Altogether 22 Scion/Scion II aircraft were built and they provided useful service to operators working from small airstrips/water courses in many parts of the globe, including Europe, the Near and Middle East, Sierra Leone, Papua New Guinea and Australia. Many were impressed into the Royal Air Force during the Second World War, providing pilot ferry services, anti-aircraft co-operation and radar calibration duties. Of the civilian Scions, at least two were still operating in Australia in 1966, one having been re-engined with de Havilland Gipsy Minor engines.

Rochester Bridge
Rochester Bridge is a bridge over the River Medway in Rochester, Kent, England. For centuries, it was the lowest fixed crossing of the river in South East England. There have been several generations of bridge at this spot, and the current "bridge" is in fact four separate bridges: the Old Bridge and New Bridge carrying the A2 road, Railway Bridge carrying the railway and the Service Bridge carrying service pipes and cables. The bridge links the towns of Strood and Rochester in Medway. All except the railway bridge are owned and maintained by the Rochester Bridge Trust.
Gerald Ames
Gerald Ames (12 September 1880 – 2 July 1933) was a British actor, film director and Olympic fencer. Ames was born in Blackheath, London in 1880 and first took up acting in 1905. He was a popular leading man in the post-First World War cinema, appearing in more than sixty films between his debut in 1914 and his retirement from the screen in 1928 in a career entirely encompassing the silent era. He was also a regular stage actor who took on many leading roles in the theatre.

He competed in the individual épée event at the 1912 Summer Olympics.

He died in 1933 after falling down the steps of Knightsbridge tube station and suffering a heart attack. He was married to the actress Mary Dibley.

Blackheath, London
Blackheath is an area in Southeast London, straddling the border of the Royal Borough of Greenwich and the London Borough of Lewisham. Historically within the county of Kent, it is located 1-mile (1.6 km) northeast of Lewisham, 1.5 miles (2.4 km) south of Greenwich and 6.4 miles (10.3 km) southeast of Charing Cross, the traditional centre of London.

The area southwest of its station and in its ward is named Lee Park. Its northern neighbourhood of Vanbrugh Park is also known as St John's Blackheath and despite forming a projection has amenities beyond its traditional reach named after the heath. To its west is the core public green area that is the heath and Greenwich Park, in which sit major London tourist attractions including the Greenwich Observatory and the Greenwich Prime Meridian. Blackheath railway station is located in the southern part of Blackheath.
Hans Vilhelm Keilhau
Hans Vilhelm Dopp Mandall Keilhau (18 August 1845 - 31 January 1917) was a Norwegian artillery officer and Government minister.

Keilhau was born in Bergen, Norway.  He was the son of Lt. Col. William Christian Keilhau and was raised in a military family. He passed his college exam in 1870. He became an officer in 1866, Second lieutenant in 1872, First Lieutenant in 1876, Captain in 1888, Major in 1892 and Major General in 1900. He served as Minister of Defence during the administration of Prime Minister Gunnar Knudsen (1913-1914). Keilhau resigned at the outbreak of World War I.

Minister of Defence (Norway)
The Norwegian Minister of Defence is the head of the Norwegian Ministry of Defence. The position has existed since 1814. The incumbent minister since 4 February 2025 is Tore O. Sandvik of the Labour Party.

Between 1819 and 1885 the Ministry was split into two different ministries, the Ministry of the Navy and the Army Ministry.
Musto Skiff World Championship
The Musto Skiff World Championship is an annual international sailing regatta for Musto Skiff they are organized by the host club on behalf of the International Musto Skiff Class Association and recognized by World Sailing, the sports IOC recognized governing body.

Musto Skiff
The Musto Skiff is a single-handed sailing skiff with a length of 4.55 m (14 ft 11 in).  It features a trapeze, asymmetrical spinnaker, wings and low weight and achieves speeds of over 20 knots (23 mph; 37 km/h), which makes it one of the fastest single-handed sailing boats.
Observer Hotel
Observer Hotel is a heritage-listed hotel at 69 George Street, in the inner city Sydney suburb of The Rocks in the City of Sydney local government area of New South Wales, Australia. It was designed by Halligan & Wilton and built from 1908 to 1909. The property is owned by Property NSW, an agency of the Government of New South Wales. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 10 May 2002.

George Street, Sydney
George Street is a street in the central business district of Sydney.

It was Sydney's original high street, and remains one of the busiest streets in the city centre. It connects a number of the city's most important buildings and precincts. There are more high rise buildings here than on any other street in Australia. Amongst Australia's 100 largest listed companies, more are located here than on any other street.

The street begins in the north end of Sydney in The Rocks, near the Sydney Harbour Bridge, and extends to the southern end of the city, near Central Station and Ultimo, where it leads into Railway Square. From here Broadway is the continuation of George Street turning westwards, leading to the western suburbs as Parramatta Road.
Catholic Church in Grenada
The Catholic Church in Grenada is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome.

There are approximately 40,000 Catholics in Grenada—around 44% of the total population. The country forms a single diocese: the Diocese of St George's in Grenada, led by Bishop Clyde Martin Harvey.

Clyde Harvey
Clyde Martin Harvey (born November 9, 1948, in Port of Spain) is a Trinidad and Tobago clergyman and bishop for the Roman Catholic Diocese of Saint George's in Grenada. He was ordained in 1976. He was appointed bishop in 2017.
Myripristis hexagona
Myripristis hexagona, the doubletooth soldierfish, is a nocturnal species of soldierfish from the genus Myripristis. It is light red to yellowish in colour, and grows to a maximum length of 30 cm (11.8 in). It can be found in the Indo-Pacific region, from East Africa to Samoa, north to the Ryukyu Islands, Japan, and south to the Great Barrier Reef and New Caledonia. However, it has not been found on low islands or atolls in the Indo-Pacific region. It is found at depths of 3–40 metres (9.8–131.2 ft) and inhabits sheltered coastal and offshore reefs, typically in turbid areas of bays or lagoons. During the day, it hides in caves or beneath ledges, while at night, it feeds on plankton. It can be found in loose aggregations, sometimes with other species of soldierfish.

Myripristinae
Myripristinae is a subfamily of the ray-finned fish family Holocentridae. They are typically known as soldierfish.

Fossil members of the group include Africentrum from Malta and Holocentrites from Florida.
Committees of the 12th Supreme People's Assembly
The committees of the 12th Supreme People's Assembly (SPA) of North Korea were elected by the 1st Session of the aforementioned body on 9 April 2009. It was replaced on 9 April 2014 by the committees of the 13th Supreme People's Assembly.

Committees of the 13th Supreme People's Assembly
The committees of the 13th Supreme People's Assembly (SPA) of North Korea were elected by the 1st Session of the aforementioned body on 9 April 2014. It was replaced on 11 April 2019 by the committees of the 14th Supreme People's Assembly.
Clear Lake (Iowa)
Clear Lake is a natural spring fed body of water located in Cerro Gordo County, Iowa, near Clear Lake, Iowa. It is approximately 3,684 acres (15 km2) in size. It is a popular fishing destination, with walleye, yellow bass and channel catfish.

People from Des Moines and Minneapolis–Saint Paul have had homes on the shores of the lake since the 1870s. The average depth is 10 feet (3 m) and the maximum depth is 30 feet (9 m), in the dredged area of the west end. The lake has 13.6 mi (22 km) of shoreline. As of 2004, the lake has seen major efforts undergone to restore its natural clarity, including filtration systems, dredging, and education of local farmers to reduce toxic pesticides from entering the lake. Clear Lake has been named the "Best Iowa Lake Town" by The Des Moines Register and "A Top Vacation Spot" by Midwest Living magazine.

Midwest Living
Midwest Living is a regional American magazine published by Dotdash Meredith focused on the American Midwest. Founded in 1986, the magazine publishes region-specific information and inspiration, focusing on travel and events, food and dining, and home and garden, as well as other editorial content categories.

Headquartered in Des Moines, Iowa, Midwest Living magazine is published quarterly and reaches 4.1 million readers, primarily in the 12 Heartland states (Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota and Wisconsin).
HMS Serene
Two vessels of the British Royal Navy have been named HMS Serene:

HMS Serene (1918) was an S-class destroyer launched in 1918 and scrapped in 1939

HMS Serene (J354) was an Algerine-class minesweeper launched in 1943 and scrapped in 1959

Algerine-class minesweeper
The Algerine-class minesweeper was a large group of minesweepers built for the Royal Navy (RN) and the Royal Canadian Navy (RCN) during the Second World War. 110 ships of the class were launched between 1942 and 1944.
Campbell teal
The Campbell teal or Campbell Island teal (Anas nesiotis) is a small, flightless, nocturnal species of dabbling duck of the genus Anas endemic to the Campbell Island group of New Zealand. It is sometimes considered conspecific with the brown teal. The plumage is similar to that of the Auckland teal, dark sepia with the head and back tinged with green iridescence, and a chestnut breast on the male, with the female dark brown all over. Its natural habitat is tussock grassland dominated by Poa tussock grass, ferns and megaherbs. The species also uses the burrows and pathways of petrel species that nest on the islands. They are apparently territorial in the wild, and probably feed on amphipods and insects. The IUCN classifies it as vulnerable.

Megaherb
Megaherbs are a group of herbaceous wildflowers growing in the New Zealand Subantarctic Islands and on the other subantarctic islands. They are characterised by their great size, with huge leaves and very large and often unusually coloured flowers, which have evolved as an adaptation to the harsh weather conditions on the islands. They suffer from overgrazing due to introduced mammals.
Sokołów Dolny
Sokołów Dolny [sɔˈkɔwuf ˈdɔlnɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sobków, within Jędrzejów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 km (3 mi) north of Sobków, 15 km (9 mi) north-east of Jędrzejów, and 22 km (14 mi) south-west of the regional capital Kielce.

Jędrzejów
Jędrzejów (Polish: [jɛnˈdʐɛjuf] ⓘ; Yiddish: יענדזשעוו, romanized: Yendzshev, Latin: Andreiow) is a town in southern Poland, located in the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. It lies approximately 35 kilometres (22 miles) southwest of Kielce. It is the capital of Jędrzejów County. It has 16,139 inhabitants (2011).
Street King Immortal
Street King Immortal is a scrapped studio album by the American rapper 50 Cent, originally meant to be his sixth album.

Initially reported to be released during the summer of 2011, the release date of Street King Immortal has since been revised on several occasions. Officially announced release dates of November 13, 2012; February 26, 2013; and August 18, 2016, were set in the past. In July 2017, 50 Cent stated that the album would be released at the end of the year though this did not occur. 50 Cent said in an Instagram post that "Still Think I'm Nothing" was the first single off of Street King Immortal. After nearly a decade in development hell, 50 Cent officially cancelled the project in July 2021.

Just Blaze
Justin Gregory Smith (born January 8, 1978), known professionally as Just Blaze, is an American record producer. Born in Paterson, New Jersey, Smith attended Rutgers University for three years before dropping out to pursue a career in music production. He gained recognition as an in-house producer for Roc-A-Fella Records in the early 2000s, developing the "chipmunk soul" sampling style that was prominent in hip hop during that time.

Smith produced Eminem's 2010 single "No Love" and appeared in its accompanying music video. He has composed soundtracks for video games, and was a character in NBA Street Vol. 2. His stage name was inspired by the character Blaze Fielding from the Streets of Rage video game series. Smith founded the record label Fort Knocks Entertainment in 2004, through which he has signed artists including Saigon and Ms. Jade. He was awarded a key to the city by Paterson in July 2018, in recognition of his "outstanding cultural contribution" to his hometown.