hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Paul Anastas
Paul T. Anastas  (born May 16, 1962, in Quincy, Massachusetts) is an American scientist, inventor, author, entrepreneur, professor, and public servant. He is the Director of Yale University's Center for Green Chemistry and Green Engineering,  Previously he served as the Science Advisor to the United States Environmental Protection Agency as well as the Agency's Assistant Administrator for Research and Development, appointed by President Barack Obama.

Chemical & Engineering News
Chemical & Engineering News (C&EN) is a weekly news magazine published by the American Chemical Society (ACS), providing professional and technical news and analysis in the fields of chemistry and chemical engineering. It includes information on recent news and research in these fields, career and employment information, business and industry news, government and policy news, funding in these fields, and special reports. The magazine is available to all members of the American Chemical Society. The ACS also publishes C&EN Global Enterprise (ISSN 2474-7408), an online resource that republishes articles from C&EN for easier online access to content.
Aleksandr Zuyev (footballer)
Aleksandr Dmitriyevich Zuyev (Russian: Александр Дмитриевич Зуев; born 26 June 1996) is a Kazakh footballer who plays for Tobol and the Kazakhstan national team. Born in Kazakhstan, he moved to Russia at a young age and represented the country on junior levels before switching allegiance to Kazakhstan for senior level in 2023. For the most of his career he played as a left winger and in other attacking positions, and he was also deployed as a right-back.

FC Rostov
FC Rostov (Russian: Футбольный клуб Ростов, romanized: Futbolnyy klub Rostov) is a Russian professional football club based in Rostov-on-Don. The club competes in the Russian Premier League, playing their home matches at the Rostov Arena.
Independence of irrelevant alternatives
Independence of irrelevant alternatives (IIA) is an axiom of decision theory which codifies the intuition that a choice between  and  (which are both related) should not depend on the quality of a third, unrelated outcome . There are several different variations of this axiom, which are generally equivalent under mild conditions. As a result of its importance, the axiom has been independently rediscovered in various forms across a wide variety of fields, including economics, cognitive science, social choice, fair division, rational choice, artificial intelligence, probability, and game theory. It is closely tied to many of the most important theorems in these fields, including Arrow's impossibility theorem, the Balinski–Young theorem, and the money pump arguments.

In behavioral economics, failures of IIA (caused by irrationality) are called menu effects or menu dependence.

Cognitive science
Cognitive science is the interdisciplinary, scientific study of the mind and its processes. It examines the nature, the tasks, and the functions of cognition (in a broad sense). Mental faculties of concern to cognitive scientists include perception, memory, attention, reasoning, language, and emotion. To understand these faculties, cognitive scientists borrow from fields such as psychology, philosophy, artificial intelligence, neuroscience, linguistics, and anthropology. The typical analysis of cognitive science spans many levels of organization, from learning and decision-making to logic and planning; from neural circuitry to modular brain organization. One of the fundamental concepts of cognitive science is that "thinking can best be understood in terms of representational structures in the mind and computational procedures that operate on those structures."
The 10,000 Year Explosion
The 10,000 Year Explosion: How Civilization Accelerated Human Evolution is a 2009 book by anthropologists Gregory Cochran and Henry Harpending. Starting with their own take on the conventional wisdom that the evolutionary process stopped when modern humans appeared, the authors explain the genetic basis of their view that human evolution is accelerating, illustrating it with some examples.

Some reviewers considered that the book raised valuable questions but relied on discredited views. Others criticized it for oversimplifying history and reifying the concept of race.

Reification (fallacy)
Reification (also known as concretism, hypostatization, or the fallacy of misplaced concreteness) is a fallacy of ambiguity, when an abstraction (abstract belief or hypothetical construct) is treated as if it were a concrete real event or physical entity.
In other words, it is the error of treating something that is not concrete, such as an idea, as a concrete thing. A common case of reification is the confusion of a model with reality: "the map is not the territory".

Reification is part of normal usage of natural language, as well as of literature, where a reified abstraction is intended as a figure of speech, and actually understood as such. But the use of reification in logical reasoning or rhetoric is misleading and usually regarded as a fallacy.

A potential consequence of reification is exemplified by Goodhart's law, where changes in the measurement of a phenomenon are mistaken for changes to the phenomenon itself.
Eskbank railway station, New South Wales
The Eskbank railway station is a heritage-listed former railway station and locomotive depot on the Main Western Line at Lithgow, New South Wales, Australia. It was designed by the New South Wales Government Railways and the station building was built by contractor Goodsell & Wright. The property was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999, with the listing alternatively describing the site as Eskbank Railway Station group and Lithgow Goods Station/ Lithgow Site S1. It is now used as a venue for community groups.

New South Wales Government Railways
New South Wales Government Railways (NSWGR) was an agency of the Government of New South Wales which administered rail transport in the colony, and then the state, of New South Wales, Australia, between 1855 and 1932.
Girolamo Francesco Tornielli
Francesco Tornielli (1693–1752) was an Italian Jesuit, preacher, and writer.

He was born in Cameri. Known for his poetic preaching, he also enjoyed singing and wrote Sette canzonette in aria marinaresca, sopra le sette principali feste di nostra Signora (Milan, 1738, octavo and Modena, 1818, 16avo). Also among his published works are Prediche quaresimali (Milan, 1753, quarto) and Bassano, 1820, quarto; and Panegirici e discosi sacri (Milan, 1767, octavo and Bassano, 1822, octavo). His eulogy by Loya was published in Piemontesi illustri.

Bassano del Grappa
Bassano del Grappa (Venetian: Basan or Bassan, pronounced [baˈsaŋ]) is a city and comune, in the Vicenza province, in the region of Veneto, in northern Italy. It bounds the communes of Cassola, Marostica, Solagna, Pove del Grappa, Romano d'Ezzelino, Valbrenta, Lusiana Conco, Rosà, Cartigliano and Nove. Some neighbourhoods of these communes have become in practice a part of the urban area of Bassano, so that the population of the whole conurbation totals around 70,000 people.

The 16th-century painter Jacopo Bassano was born, worked, and died in Bassano, and took the town name as his own surname.
Kimberly Jiménez
Kímberly Marie Jiménez Rodríguez (born February 20, 1997) is a Dominican-Puerto Rican actress, model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Dominican Republic 2020. As Miss Dominican Republic, Jiménez represented the Dominican Republic at Miss Universe 2021, where she placed fourth runner-up.

Miss Universe 2021
Miss Universe 2021 was the 70th Miss Universe pageant, held at the Universe Dome in Eilat, Israel, on 13 December 2021.

At the end of the event, Harnaaz Sandhu of India was crowned Miss Universe 2021 by Andrea Meza of Mexico. It was India's first victory in twenty-one years, and the third in the country's in the pageant history. Sandhu became the first ever Sikh to win the title.

Contestants from eighty countries and territories competed in the pageant. Steve Harvey returned as the host; Harvey last served as host during Miss Universe 2019. Miss USA 2019, Cheslie Kryst, and Carson Kressley served as backstage correspondents. JoJo, Noa Kirel, Harel Skaat, Valerie Hamaty, and Narkis performed in this year's pageant.

Fox returned as the official broadcaster of the show after being absent for the previous edition. It was broadcast to hundreds of millions of viewers in 172 countries. This was also the final edition to be aired on an American broadcast television network.
Eupithecia columbiata
Eupithecia columbiata is a moth in the family Geometridae first described by Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. in 1904. It is found in North America from eastern Newfoundland and Labrador to Vancouver Island, south to North Carolina in the east and Colorado in the west.

The wingspan is 13–24 mm. Adults are on wing in spring, from mid April to mid June in Alberta.

The larvae feed on Rhamnus purshiana, Betula papyrifera, Salix, Prunus, Alnus, Cornus, Philadelphus, Ceanothus, Populus, Amelanchier and Acer species.

Amelanchier
Amelanchier (/æməˈlænʃɪər/ am-ə-LAN-sheer), also known as shadbush, shadwood or shadblow, serviceberry or sarvisberry (or just sarvis), juneberry, saskatoon, sugarplum, wild-plum or chuckley pear, is a genus of about 20 species of deciduous-leaved shrubs and small trees in the rose family (Rosaceae).

Amelanchier is native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, growing primarily in early successional habitats. It is most diverse taxonomically in North America, especially in the northeastern United States and adjacent southeastern Canada, and at least one species is native to every U.S. state except Hawaii and to every Canadian province and territory. Four species also occur in Asia, and two in Europe.

A pome fruit, the berries are commonly consumed by wildlife and picked by humans for uses in baked goods. The Canadian city of Saskatoon, Saskatchewan is named after a Cree term for the berry.
Building at 423 West Baltimore Street
Building at 423 West Baltimore Street is a historic retail and wholesale building located at Baltimore, Maryland, United States. It is a five-story loft structure of the Queen Anne style.  It achieved its present configuration in 1893, as the result of extensive alteration of an existing three-story brick warehouse. The storefront retains its important cast-iron elements, and the upper floors are essentially unchanged.

Building at 423 West Baltimore Street was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.

Wholesaling
Wholesaling or distributing is the sale of goods or merchandise to retailers; to industrial, commercial, institutional or other professional business users; or to other wholesalers (wholesale businesses) and related subordinated services. In general, it is the sale of goods in bulk to anyone, either a person or an organization, other than the end consumer of that merchandise. Wholesaling involves purchasing goods in bulk, usually directly from the manufacturer or source, at a discounted rate. Retailers then sell these goods to end consumers at a higher price, generating a profit.

Traditionally, wholesalers were closer to the markets they supplied than the source from which they got the products. However, with the advent of the internet and e-procurement there is an increasing number of wholesalers located nearer to the manufacturers in China, Taiwan, and Southeast Asia. The profit margins of wholesalers depend largely on their ability to achieve market competitive transaction costs.
Fogl
Fogl is a surname, a Czech (Fógl) and Hungarian (Fógl, Fogl) variant of Vogl. Notable people with the surname include:

Ferenc Fogl (1887–1954), Hungarian footballer

József Fogl, also  Károly  Fogoly, Fogl III or József Újpesti (1897–1971), Hungarian footballer

Katalin Fogl (born 1983), Hungarian footballer

Károly Fogl, also  JózsefFogoly, Fogl II, or Károly Újpesti (1895–1969), Hungarian footballer

Katalin Fogl
Katalin Fogl (born 7 November 1983 in Budapest) is a Hungarian football forward currently playing in the Hungarian First Division for Astra Hungary FC. With 1. FC Femina she has played the UEFA Women'sChampions League. She is a member of the Hungarian national team.
Shelekhov
Shelekhov (Russian: Шелехов, IPA: [ˈʂelʲɪxəf]) is a town and the administrative center of Shelekhovsky District in Irkutsk Oblast, Russia, located 20 kilometers (12 mi) southwest of Irkutsk, the administrative center of the oblast. It is located on the plains between the rivers Irkut and Olha. The official day of the city is celebrated on 12 July.

Irkutsk Oblast
Irkutsk Oblast (Russian: Ирку́тская о́бласть, romanized: Irkutskaya oblastʹ; Buryat: Эрхүү можо, romanized: Erhüü možo) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast), located in southeastern Siberia in the basins of the Angara, Lena, and Nizhnyaya Tunguska Rivers. The administrative center is the city of Irkutsk. It had a population of 2,370,102 at the 2021 Census.
Nathaniel Farnsworth
Nathaniel Farnsworth was a member of the Maine House of Representatives and the Wisconsin State Assembly. He was a member of the House of Representatives in 1848. Later, Farnsworth was a Republican member of the Assembly during the 1875 session. In addition, he was a candidate for the Wisconsin State Senate in 1863 and a member of the county board of Sheboygan County, Wisconsin. Farnsworth was born on January 20, 1820, in what is now known as Jonesboro, Maine.

Maine House of Representatives
The Maine House of Representatives is the lower house of the Maine Legislature. The House consists of 151 voting members and three nonvoting members. The voting members represent an equal number of districts across the state and are elected via plurality voting. The nonvoting members represent three of Maine's Native American tribes, though one tribe (the Penobscot Nation) has declined to send a representative. Each voting member of the House represents around 9,000 citizens of the state. Because it is a part-time position, members of the Maine House of Representatives usually have outside employment as well. Members are limited to four consecutive terms of two years each, but may run again after two years.

The House meets at the Maine State House in Augusta.
Penglin Wang
Penglin Wang (王鵬林) is a linguist, linguistic and cultural anthropologist, academic, and author. He is a professor in the Department of Anthropology & Museum Studies at Central Washington University (CWU).

Wang is most known for his work in linguistic anthropology, linguistics, cognitive anthropology, cultural anthropology, and Asian studies, with a focus on Central Eurasia and China. He has contributed to academic papers and conference presentations in his field and is the author of two books: Number Conception and Application and Linguistic Mysteries of Ethnonyms in Inner Asia.

Central Washington University
Central Washington University (CWU) is a public university in Ellensburg, Washington, United States.

Founded in 1891, the university consists of four divisions: the President's Division, Business and Financial Affairs, Operations, and Academic and Student Life (ASL). Within ASL are four colleges: the College of Arts and Humanities, the College of Business (Ellensburg campus and University Centers in the Puget Sound and central regions), the College of Education and Professional Studies, and College of the Sciences. CWU is considered an emerging Hispanic-Serving Institution and 15 percent of its students are Hispanic.
Transcontinental Pipeline
Transcontinental Gas Pipe Line (Transco) is a natural gas pipeline which brings gas from the Gulf coast of Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama, through Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania to deliver gas to the New Jersey and New York City area.  It is owned by the Williams Companies.  Its FERC code is 29.

Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) is an independent agency of the United States government that regulates the interstate transmission and wholesale sale of electricity and natural gas and regulates the prices of interstate transport of petroleum by pipeline. FERC also reviews proposals to build interstate natural gas pipelines, natural gas storage projects, and liquefied natural gas (LNG) terminals, in addition to licensing non-federal hydropower projects.

FERC was created in 1977 by the U.S. Congress in the aftermath of the 1973 oil crisis. FERC is an independent agency, even though it is part of the U.S. Department of Energy. It is headed by five commissioners who are nominated by the U.S. president and confirmed by the U.S. Senate. There may be no more than three commissioners of one political party serving on the commission at any given time.
Kanmadam
Kanmadam (transl. Viscous rock) is a 1998 Indian Malayalam-language drama film, written and directed by A. K. Lohithadas. It stars Mohanlal, Manju Warrier and Lal while K. P. A. C. Lalitha and Siddique appear in guest roles. The songs were composed by Raveendran, while S. P. Venkatesh composed the background score, Ramachandra Babu was the cinematographer and A. Sreekar Prasad was the editor. The film was produced and distributed by Pranavams International.  Kanmadam was released on 14 April 1998 on Vishu. The film received critical acclaim and was a commercial success at the box office. It completed 100 days run in theatres.

A. Sreekar Prasad
Akkineni Sreekar Prasad is an Indian film editor known for his works across Hindi, Malayalam, Tamil, Telugu and Assamese language films.  In a career spanning more than 35 years, he has edited over 600 films. He is a recipient of nine National Film Awards including seven wins for Best Editing which is a record in that category. He also won five Kerala State Film Awards, two Andhra Pradesh state Nandi Awards, and four Filmfare Awards among others.

He was included in the Limca Book of Records 'People of the Year - 2013' list for his contribution to Indian cinema in several languages. Prasad also holds the record for "films edited in most number of languages" in Limca Book of Records. He has edited films from 17 languages so far.
Portrait of Lord North
Portrait of Lord North is a portrait painting of 1756 by the Italian artist Pompeo Batoni of the British politician and future prime minister Lord North.

Prime Minister from 1770 to 1782, North is best known for his leadership of Great Britain during the American War of Independence. Having resigned he then returned to government with the Fox–North coalition in alliance with his former enemy Charles James Fox. North was on his Grand Tour in Rome when he was sat for Batoni in January 1753, who specialised in depicting young British grand tourists. It took some time to complete and was only finished by 1756. North's travelling companion and half-brother Lord Dartmouth was also painted by the artist. In 1754 North was elected MP for Banbury, launching his political career. His title was a courtesy one and he sat in the House of Commons during his career as a leading politician.

The portrait was acquired by the National Portrait Gallery, London, in 1992.

Banbury (UK Parliament constituency)
Banbury is a constituency in Oxfordshire created in 1553 and represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament. Its current MP is Sean Woodcock of the Labour Party, who gained the seat at the 2024 general election.
Bob Bitmead
Robert Clyde Bitmead (born 17 July 1942) is an Australian former cricketer and coach who played for Victoria between 1966 and 1968. A slow left-arm bowler known for bowling off the wrong foot, Bitmead played 16 first-class matches for Victoria and for the Australians, playing for the latter on their tour of New Zealand in 1967. He also represented Fitzroy in Victorian Premier Cricket.

Following the end of his playing career Bitmead coached at Fitzroy and Richmond, as well as the Victoria and Australia under-19 teams.

In January 2022 a number of former players made allegations of sexual misconduct against Bitmead during his time coaching both the Victoria and Australia under-19 teams.

Australia national under-19 cricket team
The Australian Under-19 cricket team have been playing official Under-19 test matches since 1978. Former captains include Stuart Law, Damien Martyn, Brad Haddin, Nathan Hauritz and Cameron White who have all gone on to play international cricket for Australia. They have won the Under-19 Cricket World Cup on four occasions, in 1988, 2002, 2010 and 2024, the second-most behind India.
Oil on Ice
Oil on Ice is a 2004 documentary film directed by Bo Boudart and Dale Djerassi.  It explores the Arctic Refuge drilling controversy in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) and the impact of oil and gas development on the land, wildlife, and lives of the Gwich'in Athabascan Indians and Inupiat Eskimos.

Iñupiat
The Inupiat (singular: Iñupiaq), also known as Alaskan Inuit, are a group of Alaska Natives whose traditional territory roughly spans northeast from Norton Sound on the Bering Sea to the northernmost part of the Canada–United States border. Their current communities include 34 villages across Iñupiat Nunaat (Iñupiaq lands), including seven Alaskan villages in the North Slope Borough, affiliated with the Arctic Slope Regional Corporation; eleven villages in Northwest Arctic Borough; and sixteen villages affiliated with the Bering Straits Regional Corporation. They often claim to be the first people of the Kauwerak.
Zoller-Frasier Round Barn
Zoller-Frasier Round Barn is a historic round barn located at Newville in Herkimer County, New York.  It was built about 1895 and is approximately 80 feet in diameter.  It is constructed of clapboard sided stud walls above a low mortared stone foundation.  It is built surrounding a self-supporting central silo.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.

Round barn
A round barn is a historic barn design that could be octagonal, polygonal, or circular in plan. Though round barns were not as popular as some other barn designs, their unique shape makes them noticeable. The years from 1880 to 1920 represent the height of round barn construction. Round barn construction in the United States can be divided into two overlapping eras. The first, the octagonal era, spanned from 1850 to 1900. The second, the true circular era, spanned from 1889 to 1936. The overlap meant that round barns of both types, polygonal and circular, were built during the latter part of the nineteenth century. Numerous round barns in the United States are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Henry Holloway (rugby league)
Henry Holloway (March 20, 1931 – August 5, 1999) was an Australian rugby league footballer and coach. A national representative forward, he played club football in New South Wales and Queensland and represented both states. Holloway later coached in Brisbane.

Grand final
Primarily in Australian sports, a grand final is a game that decides a sports league's premiership (or championship) winning team, i.e. the conclusive game of a finals (or play-off) series. Synonymous with a championship game in North American sports, grand finals have become a significant part of Australian culture.  The earliest leagues to feature a grand final were in Australian rules football, followed soon after by rugby league. Currently the largest grand finals are in the Australian Football League (AFL) and National Rugby League (NRL). Their popularity influenced other competitions such as soccer's  A-League Men and A-League Women, the National Basketball League, Super Netball and European rugby league's Super League to adopt grand finals as well. Most grand finals involve a prestigious award for the player voted best on field.