hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rural Municipality of Blanshard
The Rural Municipality of Blanshard is a former rural municipality (RM) in the Canadian province of Manitoba. It was originally incorporated as a rural municipality on December 22, 1883. It ceased on January 1, 2015 as a result of its provincially mandated amalgamation with the RM of Saskatchewan and the Town of Rapid City to form the Rural Municipality of Oakview.

It was located northwest of the city of Brandon.

2015 Manitoba municipal amalgamations
The 2015 municipal amalgamations in Manitoba was the result of new legislation (Municipal Amalgamations Act) in the province that required a minimum population threshold of 1,000 people in order to incorporate a municipality.

To meet this new threshold, Manitoba's smaller municipalities—those with a population of less than 1,000—merged with one or more neighbouring municipalities by 2015.
Henri Becquerel
Antoine Henri Becquerel (15 December 1852 – 25 August 1908) was a French experimental physicist who shared the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics with Marie and Pierre Curie for his discovery of radioactivity.

Experimental physics
Experimental physics is the category of disciplines and sub-disciplines in the field of physics that are concerned with the observation of physical phenomena and experiments. Methods vary from discipline to discipline, from simple experiments and observations, such as experiments by Galileo Galilei, to more complicated ones, such as the Large Hadron Collider.
Latastia longicaudata
Latastia  longicaudata, also known commonly as the common long-tailed lizard and the southern long-tailed lizard, is a species of lizard in the family Lacertidae. The species is native to northern sub-Saharan Africa. There are four recognized subspecies.

Lacertidae
The Lacertidae are the family of the wall lizards, true lizards, or sometimes simply lacertas, which are native to Afro-Eurasia. It is a diverse family with at about 360 species in 39 genera. They represent the dominant group of reptiles found in Europe.
Elijah, Missouri
Elijah is an unincorporated community in eastern Ozark County, Missouri, United States. It is located approximately twenty-two miles west of West Plains on Missouri Supplemental Route V, one mile south of U.S. Route 160. The community is located on North Bridges Creek, with Spoon Spring within the village.

The community was named after Elijah Harden, the son of an early settler. A post office was established in 1905 and was closed in 1977. The post office had a ZIP code of 65642, but mail service is now provided by the post office in Caulfield.

Missouri supplemental route
A supplemental route is a state secondary road in the U.S. state of Missouri, designated with letters. Supplemental routes were various roads within the state which the Missouri Department of Transportation was given in 1952 to maintain in addition to the regular routes, though lettered routes had been in use from at least 1932. The four types of roads designated as Routes are:

Farm to market roads

Roads to state parks

Former alignments of U.S. or state highways

Short routes connecting state highways from other states to routes in Missouri

Supplemental routes make up 19,064 miles (30,681 km) (59%) of the state highway system.
Hatice Dudu Özkal
Hatice Dudu Özkal (born 13 September 1966) is a Turkish theologian, and politician. She served as an MP in the Turkish Grand Assembly with the Justice and Development Party (AK Party).

Özkal was born on 13 September 1966 in Bolvadin in Afyonkarahisar Province, Turkey. She completed her higher education in Islamic theology at the Ankara University. Between 1992 and 2000, she worked as a teacher at Afyon Anadolu Imam-Hatip High School. After the 2009 local elections, Özkal served as an Afyonkarahisar Municipal Councillor. She was elected as an AK Party Member of Parliament for Afyonkarahisar in the November 2015 general election.

Özkal is one of the founding members of Ali Babacan's newly formed Democracy and Progress Party.

Hatice Dudu Özkal is married, and has three children.

İmam Hatip school
In Turkey, an İmam Hatip school (Turkish: imam hatip okulu, 'hatip' coming from Arabic khatib) is a secondary education institution. As the name suggests, they were founded in lieu of a vocational school to train government employed imams; after madrasas in Turkey were abolished by the Unification of Education Act (Turkish: Tevhid-i Tedrisat Kanunu).
Nazarene (sect)
The Nazarenes (or Nazoreans; Greek: Ναζωραῖοι, romanized: Nazōraioi) were an early Jewish Christian sect in first-century Judaism. The first use of the term is found in the Acts of the Apostles (Acts 24, Acts 24:5) of the New Testament, where Paul the Apostle is accused of being a ringleader of the sect of the Nazarenes ("πρωτοστάτην  τε  τῆς  τῶν  Ναζωραίων αἱρέσεως") before the Roman procurator Antonius Felix at Caesarea Maritima by Tertullus. At that time, the term simply designated followers of Jesus of Nazareth, as the Hebrew term נוֹצְרִי‎ (nôṣrî), and the Arabic term نَصْرَانِي (naṣrānī), still do.

As time passed, the term came to refer to a sect of Jewish Christians who continued to observe the Torah, in contrast to gentiles who eschewed Torah observance. They are described by Epiphanius of Salamis and are mentioned later by Jerome and Augustine of Hippo. The writers made a distinction between the Nazarenes of their time and the "Nazarenes" mentioned in Acts 24:5.

Sect
A sect is a subgroup of a religious, political, or philosophical belief system, typically emerging as an offshoot of a larger organization. Originally, the term referred specifically to religious groups that had separated from a main body, but it can now apply to any group that diverges from a larger organization to follow a distinct set of beliefs and practices. Sects often form when there is a perception of heresy either within the subgroup or from the larger group.

In an Indian context, sect refers to an organized tradition.
Alkes Price
Alkes Long Price is an American statistical geneticist. He is Professor of Statistical Genetics in the Department of Epidemiology at the Harvard School of Public Health (HSPH), where he also holds a secondary appointment in the Department of Biostatistics. In addition, he is an associate member of the Broad Institute's Program in Medical and Population Genetics and a member of the HSPH Program in Quantitative Genomics. In 2017, he received the Outstanding Faculty Mentor of the Year Award from the Harvard School of Public Health.

Biostatistics
Biostatistics (sometimes referred to as biometry) is a branch of statistics that applies statistical methods to a wide range of topics in the biological sciences, with a focus on clinical medicine and public health applications. 
The field encompasses the design of experiments, the collection and analysis of experimental and observational data, and the interpretation of the results.
It is closely related to medical statistics.
Fiddlers Three (1944 film)
Fiddlers Three is a 1944 British black-and-white musical comedy. It includes a number of musical sections, mainly focussing on replacing the word "home" with "Rome". The film was produced by Michael Balcon and directed by Harry Watt.  The cast included Tommy Trinder, Sonnie Hale, Frances Day, Francis L. Sullivan, Diana Decker and Elisabeth Welch. Making their film debuts were James Robertson Justice, and Kay Kendall near the bottom of the cast list, as the "Girl Who Asks About Her Future At Orgy". The film follows the adventures of two sailors and a Wren who are struck by lightning and transported back to Ancient Rome, where they are accepted as seers.

The title comes from the nursery rhyme "Old King Cole".

The film was called While Nero Fiddled on its USA release. It is a loose sequel to the 1940 film Sailors Three which had also starred Trinder. The film was only moderately successful at the British Box Office but proved to be a major hit in Australia.

Kay Kendall
Justine Kay Kendall McCarthy (21 May 1927 – 6 September 1959) was an English actress and singer. She began her film career in the musical film London Town (1946), a financial failure. Kendall worked regularly until her appearance in the comedy film Genevieve (1953) brought her widespread recognition. Prolific in British films, Kendall also achieved some popularity with American audiences, and won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy for her role in the musical-comedy film Les Girls (1957).

She began a romantic relationship with actor Rex Harrison after they appeared together in the comedy film The Constant Husband (1955) and they were married in 1957. Harrison learned from Kendall's doctor that she had been diagnosed with myeloid leukaemia, a fact that was kept from Kendall, who believed she was suffering from an iron deficiency. The actor cared for Kendall until her death in 1959 at the age of 32.
Fairchild 42
The Fairchild Model 41 Foursome was a light aircraft developed in the United States in the late 1920s and produced as the  Model 42 Foursome. It was a conventional high-wing, strut-braced monoplane with fixed tailwheel undercarriage. The pilot and three passengers were seated within a fully enclosed cabin, and the aircraft generally resembled a scaled-down version of Fairchild's successful FC-2 design. Two prototypes were built as the Model 41 and Model 41A leading to the Model 42 production version which was built in a small series. This production version differed from the prototypes in having a redesigned, strut-braced empennage in place of the wire-braced unit of the earlier aircraft, and a more powerful version of the Wright Whirlwind powerplant.

Wright R-790 Whirlwind
The Wright R-790 Whirlwind was a series of nine-cylinder air-cooled radial aircraft engines built by Wright Aeronautical Corporation, with a total displacement of about 790 cubic inches (12.9 L) and around 200 horsepower (150 kW). These engines were the earliest members of the Wright Whirlwind engine family.
Beards Creek Primitive Baptist Church
Beards Creek Primitive Baptist Church is located at 60 Beards Creek Church Road, (County Road 359), Glennville, Georgia in Tattnall County. The church was originally constituted on December 29, 1804 
under the name of Beards Creek Church. The Georgia Historical Commission recognized Beards Creek Church as a historical site in 1957. The historical marker states "Beards Creek Church was orderly constituted on December 29, 1804, by the Rev. John Gooldwire, the Rev. John Standford, the Rev. Isham Peacock, and the Rev. David Hennesy, all orderly Baptist ministers."

Later, the church added "Primitive Baptist" to its name. The church has been responsible for other churches developed in surrounding area that originated from Beards Creek Church. Beards Creek Primitive Baptist Church manages a cemetery on the property. The cemetery contains the remains of several Confederate soldiers.

Tattnall County, Georgia
Tattnall County is a county located in the southeast portion of the U.S. state of Georgia, located within the Magnolia Midlands, a part of the Historic South region. As of the 2020 census, the population was 22,842. The county seat is Reidsville. Tattnall County was created on December 5, 1801, from part of Montgomery County, Georgia by the Georgia General Assembly.

The county is named after Josiah Tattnall (1762–1803), a planter, soldier and politician.
Courts of the County Palatine of Durham
The palatine courts of Durham were a set of courts that exercised jurisdiction within the County Palatine of Durham. The bishop purchased the wapentake of Sadberge in 1189, and Sadberge's initially separate institutions were eventually merged with those of the County Palatine.

The Bishop of Durham was the supreme judge of all the courts of Durham, both ecclesiastical and temporal, by virtue of the privileges of his palatinate.

Sadberge (wapentake)
Sadberge was a wapentake in northern England until the 16th century. Named after the village of Sadberge, the wapentake covered land now in County Durham, north of the River Tees as far west as Barnard Castle and as far east as Hartlepool.
Kelly Packard
Kelly Chemane Packard (born January 29, 1975) is an American actress and television personality. She is best known for her roles as Tiffani Smith on California Dreams and April Giminski on Baywatch, as well as co-hosting Ripley's Believe It or Not!. She also co-hosted the late segment of GSN Live from September 15, 2008 until November 28, 2008.

Packard also guest starred in the television series The Wonder Years, Blossom, Step by Step, Boy Meets World, USA High and The Wild Thornberrys.

As a child, she was also a contestant on the Bob Eubanks's daytime version of Card Sharks, during "Young People's Week".

USA High
USA High is an American teen sitcom that ran on USA from August 4, 1997 to June 10, 1999, ending after 95 episodes. Produced by Peter Engel Productions, Rysher Entertainment and NBC Enterprises, the series revolves around six friends enrolled at the American Academy boarding school in Paris, France.
Strepsilin
Strepsilin is a chemical found in lichens. It produces an emerald green colour in the C test. It is a dibenzofuran dimer, with hydroxy, oxy and methyl side groups. It is named after Cladonia strepsilis. Strepsilin was discovered by Wilhelm Zopf in 1903. The structure of strepsilin was determined by Shoji Shibata.

Friedrich Wilhelm Zopf
Friedrich (or Friederich) Wilhelm Zopf (12 December 1846 – 24 June 1909) was a German botanist and mycologist. He dedicated his career to fungal biology, particularly to classification of fungi and dye production of fungi and lichens. His 1890 textbook on fungi called “Die Pilze in morphologischer, physiologischer, biologischer und systematischer Beziehung (Translation: The mushrooms in morphological, physiological, biological and systematic relationship)” was an influential work in the field of mycology for many decades. The unicellular achlorophic microalgae Prototheca zopfii is named after him because of his contributions to Krüger's pioneering work in Prototheca.
Airco DH.5
The Airco DH.5 was a British First World War single-seat biplane fighter aircraft. It was designed and manufactured at British aviation company Airco. Development was led by aircraft designer Geoffrey de Havilland as a replacement for the obsolete Airco DH.2.

The DH.5 was one of the first British fighters designed with the improved Constantinesco gun synchronizer, which allowed a forward-firing machine gun to fire through the propeller faster and more reliably than the older mechanical systems. It was also one of the earliest biplanes with a marked "back-stagger" of its wings. By the time the DH.5 was fielded, it was already inferior to other fighters in service and thus both unpopular and unsatisfactory with the pilots of the Royal Flying Corps (RFC). The type was quickly withdrawn from service once supplies of the Royal Aircraft Factory S.E.5 permitted.

Propeller (aeronautics)
In aeronautics, an aircraft propeller, also called an airscrew, converts rotary motion from an engine or other power source into a swirling slipstream which pushes the propeller forwards or backwards. It comprises a rotating power-driven hub, to which are attached several radial airfoil-section blades such that the whole assembly rotates about a longitudinal axis. The blade pitch may be fixed, manually variable to a few set positions, or of the automatically variable "constant-speed" type.

The propeller attaches to the power source's driveshaft either directly or through reduction gearing. Propellers can be made from wood, metal or composite materials.

Propellers are only useful at subsonic airspeeds generally below about 480 mph (770 km/h), although a speed of Mach 1.01 in a dive was achieved, with a propeller efficiency of 78%, by the McDonnell XF-88B experimental propeller-equipped aircraft.
Tour des Alpes-Maritimes
The Tour des Alpes-Maritimes, formerly known as the Tour du Haut Var, (English: Tour of the Haut Var) is an early-season two-day road bicycle race in the Var department region in the south of France. Until 2008 it was run as a one-day race, part of the UCI Europe Tour. In 2009, the race transformed to a 2.1 event, raced over two days. Dutchman Joop Zoetemelk and France's Arthur Vichot hold the record with three wins.

The Tour des Alpes-Maritimes is one of several stage races held in the hilly Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in February, alongside the Étoile de Bessèges, La Méditerranéenne and the Tour La Provence. These early-season races are competed mainly by French teams and are considered preparations for Paris–Nice, the first European World Tour event in March.

Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (commonly shortened to PACA), sometimes  known as Région Sud, is one of the eighteen administrative regions of France, located at the far southeastern point of the mainland. The main prefecture and largest city is Marseille, France's second largest city proper after Paris and the 2nd largest urban area when combined with Aix-en-Provence with over 1.9 million residents.
August Martin High School
August Martin High School is a New York City public high school located in South Jamaica, Queens, at 156-10 Baisley Boulevard. The school focuses on aviation (students can obtain their pilot's certification while studying there) and other vocational areas. Presently, the school comprises the following four academies, which as of 2014 had a combined enrollment of 853 students:

Aerospace and Technology Academy

Communication Arts Academy

Law Scholars Academy

Culinary Arts Academy

In addition, two separate alternative high schools share the same building:

Foundry High School

Voyages Preparatory High School South Queens

As of the 2023-24 school year, the school had an enrollment of 584 students and 47.34 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 12.34:1. There are 440 students (75.34% of enrollment) eligible for free lunch and 9 students (1.54% of students) eligible for reduced-cost lunch.

Secondary education in the United States
Secondary education is the last six or seven years of statutory formal education in the United States. It reaches the climax with twelfth grade (age 17–18). Whether it begins with sixth grade (age 11–12) or seventh grade (age 12–13) varies by state and sometimes by school district.

Secondary education in the United States occurs in two phases. The first, as classified by the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED), is the lower secondary phase, either called a middle school or junior high school. A middle school is for students sixth grade, seventh grade and eighth grade and a junior high school is only for students in seventh and eighth grade.

The second is the ISCED upper secondary phase, a high school or senior high school for students ninth grade through twelfth grade. There is some debate over the optimum age of transfer, and variation in some states; also, middle school often includes grades that are almost always considered primary school.
2022 Magnificent Mile shooting
On May 19, 2022, a mass shooting occurred in Chicago, Illinois, United States, in the city's Magnificent Mile shopping district, near Michigan Avenue. Two people were killed, and eight others were injured. The perpetrator, Jaylun Sanders, was taken into custody by Chicago police.

Michigan Avenue (Chicago)
Michigan Avenue is a north-south street in Chicago that runs at 100 east on the Chicago grid.  The northern end of the street is at DuSable Lake Shore Drive on the shore of Lake Michigan in the Gold Coast Historic District. The street's southern terminus is at Sibley Boulevard in the southern suburb of Dolton, but like many other Chicago streets, it exists in several disjointed segments.

As the home of the Chicago Water Tower, the Art Institute of Chicago, Millennium Park, and the  shopping on the Magnificent Mile, it is a street well-known to Chicago natives as well as tourists to the city.  Michigan Avenue also is the main commercial street of Streeterville. It includes all of the Historic Michigan Boulevard District and most of the Michigan–Wacker Historic District, including the scenic urban space anchored by the DuSable (Michigan Avenue) Bridge.
Hitlerszalonna
Hitlerszalonna (Hungarian for 'Hitler bacon'), known in the modern day as sütésálló lekvár ('ovenproof jam'), is a dense fruit jam that originated in the Kingdom of Hungary during World War II. It was sold in brick shaped blocks held in a piece of paper, and was sliced like szalonna. Soldiers kept it in a case and it could be cooked with other foods. In the modern day, sütésálló lekvár is often sold in small portion cups. The term itself is considered slang and defined as something like 'tough fruit'.

Slang
Slang is a vocabulary (words, phrases, and linguistic usages) of an informal register, common in everyday conversation but avoided in formal writing and speech. It also often refers to the language exclusively used by the members of particular in-groups in order to establish group identity, exclude outsiders, or both. The word itself came about in the 18th century and has been defined in multiple ways since its conception, with no single technical usage in linguistics.
Muretinci
Muretinci (pronounced [ˈmuːɾɛtintsi]) is a settlement on the left bank of the Drava River in the Municipality of Gorišnica in northeastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included in the Drava Statistical Region.

Muretinci Castle is a Renaissance castle in the settlement. It dates to the mid-17th century. It has four corner towers connected on three sides and an arcaded courtyard.

Municipality of Gorišnica
The Municipality of Gorišnica (pronounced [ɡɔˈɾiːʃnitsa], Slovene: Občina Gorišnica) is a municipality in Slovenia. The seat of the municipality is Gorišnica. The area belongs to the traditional region of Styria. It is now included in the Drava Statistical Region. It borders Croatia.
Pisa Baptistery
The Pisa Baptistery of St. John (Italian: Battistero di San Giovanni) is a Catholic ecclesiastical building in Pisa, Italy. Construction started in 1152 under the direction of Diotisalvi (signed and dated) to replace an older baptistery. Completed in 1363 in a Gothic manner, it is part of the architectural ensemble and World Heritage Site of the Piazza dei Miracoli, alongside the Duomo di Pisa, its campanile, the famous Leaning Tower of Pisa, and the Camposanto.

Camposanto
Camposanto (Modenese: Campsànt; Mirandolese: Campsènt) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Modena in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 35 kilometres (22 mi) northwest of Bologna and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northeast of Modena on the Panaro river.   Although the name in Italian literally means "holy field", which normally means "cemetery" in Italian, its original (Latin) name, "Campus Sanctus", probably honoured the 14th century Ferrara family of Santi, who owned the land.

The Battle of Campo Santo was fought here in 1743.

Camposanto borders the following municipalities: Bomporto, Crevalcore, Finale Emilia, Medolla, Ravarino, San Felice sul Panaro, San Prospero.

In May 2012 Camposanto was the epicenter of a 6.0-magnitude earthquake.