hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gordan's lemma
Gordan's lemma is a lemma in convex geometry and algebraic geometry. It can be stated in several ways.

Let  be a matrix of integers. Let  be the set of non-negative integer solutions of . Then there exists a finite subset of vectors in , such that every element of  is a linear combination of these vectors with non-negative integer coefficients.

The semigroup of integral points in a rational convex polyhedral cone is finitely generated.

An affine toric variety is an algebraic variety (this follows from the fact that the prime spectrum of the semigroup algebra of such a semigroup is, by definition, an affine toric variety).

The lemma is named after the mathematician Paul Gordan (1837–1912). Some authors have misspelled it as "Gordon's lemma".

Convex geometry
In mathematics, convex geometry is the branch of geometry studying convex sets, mainly in Euclidean space. Convex sets occur naturally in many areas: computational geometry, convex analysis, discrete geometry, functional analysis, geometry of numbers, integral geometry, linear programming, probability theory, game theory, etc.
Bemegride
Bemegride, sold under the brand name Megimide among others, is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant first manufactured in 1911, and which has been used in hypnotic overdose.

As with other chemoreceptor agonists, it is a potent emetic at doses above those normally used in management of barbiturate overdose, although vomiting and aspiration are a concern during treatment. It is a controlled substance in some countries, and is sometimes used to induce convulsions in experimental animals.

Convulsion
A convulsion is a medical condition where the body muscles contract and relax rapidly and repeatedly, resulting in uncontrolled shaking. Because epileptic seizures typically include convulsions, the term convulsion is often used as a synonym for seizure. However, not all epileptic seizures result in convulsions, and not all convulsions are caused by epileptic seizures. Non-epileptic convulsions have no relation with epilepsy, and are caused by non-epileptic seizures.

Convulsions can be caused by epilepsy, infections (including a severe form of listeriosis which is caused by eating food contaminated by Listeria monocytogenes), brain trauma, or other medical conditions. They can also occur from an electric shock or improperly enriched air for scuba diving.

The word fit is sometimes used to mean a convulsion or epileptic seizure.
Homorhythm
In music, a homorhythm or homometer is a texture having a "similarity of rhythm in all parts" or "very similar rhythm" as would be used in simple hymn or chorale settings. Homorhythm is a condition of homophony. All voices sing the same rhythm. This texture results in a homophonic texture, which is a blocked chordal texture. Homorhythmic texture delivers lyrics with clarity and emphasis. Texture in which parts have different rhythms is heterorythmic or heterometric.

The term is used for compositions in which all the voice-parts move simultaneously in the same rhythm, forming a succession of chords. It may also be called chordal style, familiar style, vertical harmony, note-against-note style, isometric, and homophonic. Isometric may used to refer to music in which each vocal part has the same number of syllables, with isorythmic being used to refer to music in which each voice has the same rhythm.

Chord (music)
A chord is the simultaneous sound of two or more musical notes. The most common chord has three notes and is known as a triad. Added tone chords, extended chords, and tone clusters can have more than three notes and are common in contemporary classical music and jazz.

An arpeggio is a chord where notes are sounded separately. A series of chords is sometimes called a chord progression. There are several ways to notate chords including figured bass, Roman numerals, the Nashville Number System, and alphabetical chord notation.
Viktor Dyak
Viktor Ivanovych Dyak (Ukrainian: Віктор Іванович Дяк; born 4 June 1971) is a former professional Ukrainian football and futsal forward who currently works as a coach in the academy of Shakhtar Donetsk.

Supposedly, in 2000 Diak also played for the Russian club FC Nemkom Krasnodar in the Russian Second League.

Diak became the second highest scorer after Serhiy Chuichenko when he scored 21 goals for FC Shakhtar Makiivka during the 1995–96 Ukrainian First League season.

In 2000–07 Diak also participated in futsal competitions playing for several futsal teams out of the Donbas region.

Russian Second League
The Russian Second League (Russian: Первенство России II дивизиона ФНЛ), formerly the Russian Professional Football League, are both the third (Division A) and fourth level (Division B) of Russian professional football.
Michaelis–Becker reaction
The Michaelis–Becker reaction is the reaction of a hydrogen (thio)phosphonate with a base, followed by a nucleophilic substitution of phosphorus on a haloalkane, to give an alkyl (thio)phosphonate. Yields of this reaction are often lower than the corresponding Michaelis–Arbuzov reaction.

Alkyl group
In organic chemistry, an alkyl group is an alkane missing one hydrogen.
The term alkyl is intentionally unspecific to include many possible substitutions. 
An acyclic alkyl has the general formula of −CnH2n+1. A cycloalkyl group is derived from a cycloalkane by removal of a hydrogen atom from a ring and has the general formula −CnH2n−1.
Typically an alkyl is a part of a larger molecule. In structural formulae, the symbol R is used to designate a generic (unspecified) alkyl group. The smallest alkyl group is methyl, with the formula −CH3.
Methanol—5-hydroxybenzimidazolylcobamide Co-methyltransferase
In enzymology, a methanol-5-hydroxybenzimidazolylcobamide Co-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.90) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

methanol + 5-hydroxybenzimidazolylcobamide  Co-methyl-Co-5-hydroxybenzimidazolylcob(I)amide + H2O

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are methanol and 5-hydroxybenzimidazolylcobamide, whereas its two products are Co-methyl-Co-5-hydroxybenzimidazolylcob(I)amide and H2O.

This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring one-carbon group methyltransferases.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is methanol:5-hydroxybenzimidazolylcobamide Co-methyltransferase. Other names in common use include methanol cobalamin methyltransferase, methanol:5-hydroxybenzimidazolylcobamide methyltransferase, and MT 1.

Methanol
Methanol (also called methyl alcohol, wood alcohol, and wood spirit, amongst other names) is an organic chemical compound and the simplest aliphatic alcohol, with the chemical formula CH3OH (a methyl group linked to a hydroxyl group, often abbreviated as MeOH). It is a light, volatile, colorless and flammable liquid with a distinctive alcoholic odor similar to that of ethanol (potable alcohol), but is more acutely toxic than the latter.
Methanol acquired the name wood alcohol because it was once produced through destructive distillation of wood. Today, methanol is mainly produced industrially by hydrogenation of carbon monoxide.

Methanol consists of a methyl group linked to a polar hydroxyl group. With more than 20 million tons produced annually, it is used as a precursor to other commodity chemicals, including formaldehyde, acetic acid, methyl tert-butyl ether, methyl benzoate, anisole, peroxyacids, as well as a host of more specialized chemicals.
Vira Ravi Ravi Varma
Vira Ravi Ravi Varma was a Raja who ruled in Venad, also known as the Kingdom of Kupaka, between 1479 and 1512.  He was a member of the Trippapur-Keezhperoor branch of the Venad royal family, predecessors of the Travancore Rajas.  He moved the capital from Kallidaikurichi to Padmanabhapuram about 1500. He was one of the senior rulers of Venad when the Portuguese arrived in India.

He was a renowned patron of the thanumalayan temple and is known to have been a patron of the devadasis as well.

Travancore royal family
The Travancore royal family was the ruling house of the Kingdom of Travancore. They signed a treaty with the British in 1788, thereby adopting British dominance. Later, in 1805, they revised the treaty, leading to a diminution of royal authority and the loss of political independence for Travancore. They had to give up their ruling rights over the common people in 1949 when Travancore were forced to merge with Independent India and their political pension privileges were abolished in 1971.

The royal family was alternatively known as the Kupaka Swaroopam, Thripappur Swaroopam, Venad Swaroopam, Vanchi Swaroopam etc. It has its seat today at Thiruvananthapuram in Kerala, India. In the 18th century CE, the Travancore royal family adopted some members from the royal family of Kolathunadu based at Kannur, and Parappanad based in present-day Malappuram district.
Pellacani
Pellacani is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Lucio Pellacani  (born 1947),

Italian University Professor

Chiara Pellacani (born 2002), Italian diver

Filippo Pellacani (born 1998), Italian footballer

Chiara Pellacani
Chiara Pellacani (born 12 September 2002) is an Italian diver. She won a gold medal in the 3 m synchro springboard competition at the 2018 European Aquatics Championships.

At the 2020 European Aquatics Championships in Budapest, Hungary, Pellacani won five medals, of which one was gold.

She competed at the 2024 Summer Olympics where she came 4th in the 3 metre springboard event alongside Elena Bertocchi.
Gangothri (film)
Gangothri is a 1997 Indian Malayalam-language film, directed by P. Anil and produced by S. Satheesh. The film stars Suresh Gopi, Roja Selvamani, Sangeetha,  Thilakan, Ratheesh and Rajan P. Dev. The film has musical score by S. P. Venkatesh. It marked the Malayalam debut of Roja. The film was dubbed into Telugu as Political War.

S. Anil
S. Anil Kumar, also known as Douthyam Anil and Anil Vakkam, is an Indian film director who works in Malayalam films. He is known for his action films. He is best known for directing the action-adventure film Douthyam (1989).
Tympanonesiotes
Tympanonesiotes is a somewhat doubtfully valid genus of the prehistoric pseudotooth birds. These were probably rather close relatives of either pelicans and storks, or of waterfowl, and are here placed in the order Odontopterygiformes to account for this uncertainty.

Anseriformes
Anseriformes is an order of birds   also known as waterfowl that comprises about 180 living species of birds in three families: Anhimidae (three species of screamers), Anseranatidae (the magpie goose), and Anatidae, the largest family, which includes over 170 species of waterfowl, among them the ducks, geese, and swans. Most modern species in the order are highly adapted for an aquatic existence at the water surface. With the exception of screamers, males have penises, a trait that has been lost in the Neoaves, the clade consisting of all other modern birds except the galliformes and paleognaths. Due to their aquatic nature, most species are web-footed.
Global Wars 2017
Global Wars 2017 was a professional wrestling tour co-produced by the American Ring of Honor (ROH) and Japanese New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW) promotions. The tour's four events took place on October 12 at Buffalo RiverWorks in Buffalo, New York, October 13 at Stage AE in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, October 14 at Express Live! in Columbus, Ohio, and October 15 at Odeum Expo Center in Villa Park, Illinois.

This was the fourth year in which ROH and NJPW co-produced shows under the Global Wars name.

G1 Climax
The G1 (Grade One) Climax (G1（グレードワン）クライマックス, Gurēdo Wan Kuraimakkusu) is a professional wrestling tournament held each August by the New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW) promotion. Though it has sometimes been held as a single-elimination tournament, it is usually – and currently – held as a round-robin, with the most victorious wrestlers in each pool wrestling in a short tournament to decide that year's winner. Since 2012, the winner of the tournament earns the right to challenge for the IWGP World Heavyweight Championship at the following January's Wrestle Kingdom show.

In its current format, the tournament lasts four weeks. The winner of each pool is determined by a points system; two points for a victory, one point for a draw, and zero points for a loss or no contest. Under the current format, double decisions (such as double count-outs or double disqualifications) are treated as draws.
2nd Fighter Training Squadron
The 2nd Fighter Training Squadron, sometimes written as 2d Fighter Training Squadron, is an active United States Air Force unit, assigned to the 325th Operations Group at Tyndall Air Force Base, Florida.

Originally constituted in 1940 as the 2nd Pursuit Squadron, over the course of time the unit has been variously designated as, amongst others, the 2nd Fighter All-Weather Squadron, the 2nd Fighter-Interceptor Squadron, the 2nd Fighter Weapons Squadron, the 2nd Tactical Fighter Training Squadron, and the 2nd Fighter Squadron. It was redesignated the 2nd Fighter Training Squadron in 2014 and reactivated the same year. The squadron operates the Northrop T-38 Talon aircraft conducting adversary training for F-22 Raptor pilots in air superiority missions.

23rd Air Division (United States)
The 23rd Air Division is an inactive United States Air Force intermediate echelon command and control organization.  It was last assigned to First Air Force, Tactical Air Command (ADTAC).   It was inactivated on 1 July 1987 at Tyndall Air Force Base, Florida.
The Dark Knight Coaster
The Dark Knight Coaster is a Batman-themed indoor steel roller coaster attraction located at Six Flags Great Adventure, Six Flags Great America, and Six Flags México. They opened in 2008 and 2009, timed closely to the theatrical release of The Dark Knight. All three installations were manufactured by Mack Rides.

Mack Rides
Mack Rides GmbH & Co KG, also known simply as Mack Rides, is a German company that designs and constructs amusement rides, based in Waldkirch, Baden-Württemberg. It is one of the world's oldest amusement industry suppliers, and builds many types of rides, including flat rides, dark rides, log flumes, tow boat rides and roller coasters. The family that owns Mack Rides also owns Europa-Park.
Ribbe
Ribbe is a surname of German origin. People with that name include:

Carl Ribbe (1860-1934), German explorer and entomologist

Claude Ribbe (born 1954), French writer, historian, philosopher, and filmmaker

Heinrich Ribbe (1832-1898), German entomologist

Markus Ribbe, American chemist

Markus Ribbe
Markus W. Ribbe is an American microbiologist and biochemist, focusing in chemical biology and inorganic and organometallic, currently at University of California, Irvine, also holding the Chancellor's Professorship, and an Elected Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and American Academy of Microbiology.
Seif Samir
Seifeldin Samir Saad Said (born 5 June 1993) is an Egyptian basketball player for Al Ahly and the Egyptian national team, where he participated at the 2014 FIBA Basketball World Cup.

Said has played his whole career with Al Ahly, and has won the BAL championship in 2023, as well as the FIBA Africa Clubs Champions Cup in 2016.

Said was among Al Ahly squad that participated in FIBA InterContinental Cup 2023 in Singapore.

Al Ahly (basketball)
Al Ahly is an Egyptian basketball club of Al Ahly SC, located in Cairo, Cairo Governorate, that plays in the Egypt Basketball Super League. Currently, two of its athletes play for the Egypt men's national basketball team. The team is a part of the multi-sports club of the same name.

The club has won eight Egyptian Super League titles and eleven Egyptian Cup titles. Internationally, Al Ahly has won the FIBA Africa Champions Cup in 2016, the BAL in 2023, and the Arabophone Championship in 2021.
Josua Koroibulu
Josua "Josh" Koroibulu is a Fijian professional rugby league footballer who has played for the Milton-Ulladulla Bulldogs, the Guyra Super Spuds and the Armidale Rams (of Group 19 Rugby League, in Armidale, New South Wales). In 2008 he was named rookie of the year by the Fiji National Rugby League. He was selected for Fiji squad in the 2008 Rugby League World Cup, but he did not play in any of Fiji's four matches.

In March 2010 he was selected for the Gympie Devils.

2008 Rugby League World Cup
The 2008 Rugby League World Cup was the thirteenth World Cup for men’s rugby league national teams. It was held between 26 October and 22 November and was won by New Zealand, who defeated Australia 34–20 in the final in one of the greatest upsets in the sports history.

Originally there was a plan to hold a World Cup in Australia in 2004, however the lack of competitiveness at the 2000 World Cup and rise of the Tri-Nations between Australia, New Zealand and Great Britain meant that plans for another World Cup were shelved.

For the World Cup to regain some credibility, the number of teams was reduced to ten with Australia, England, France, Papua New Guinea and New Zealand automatically qualifying and a qualifying tournament to determine the other five teams. The tournament ended a year of celebrations commemorating the centenary of the game in the Southern Hemisphere and was part of the Festival of World Cups.
Alexios Philanthropenos
Alexios Doukas Philanthropenos (Greek: Ἀλέξιος Δούκας Φιλανθρωπηνός) was a Byzantine nobleman and notable general. A relative of the ruling Palaiologos dynasty, he was appointed commander-in-chief in Asia Minor in 1293 and for a time re-established the Byzantine position there, scoring some of the last Byzantine successes against the Turkish beyliks. In 1295 he rose up in revolt against Andronikos II Palaiologos, but was betrayed and blinded. Nothing is known of him until 1323, when he was pardoned by Andronikos II and sent again against the Turks, relieving a siege of Philadelphia, allegedly by his mere appearance. He was then named briefly governor of Lesbos in 1328, and again in 1336, when he recovered the island's capital from Latin occupation. He ruled the island thereafter, probably until his death in the 1340s.

Thracesian Theme
The Thracesian Theme (Greek: Θρᾳκήσιον θέμα, Thrakēsion thema), more properly known as the Theme of the Thracesians (Greek: θέμα Θρᾳκησίων, thema Thrakēsiōn, often simply Θρᾳκήσιοι, Thrakēsioi), was a Byzantine theme (a military-civilian province) in western Asia Minor (modern Turkey). Created either in the mid-7th or the early 8th century as the settlement of the former Army of Thrace, after which it was named, it was one of the larger and more important themes of the Empire throughout its existence based on its proximity to Constantinople. The Thracesian Theme was one of the longest-lived themes, surviving until the region was conquered by the Turks in the early 14th century.
Fasinumab
Fasinumab is a human monoclonal antibody designed for the treatment of acute sciatic pain.

This drug was developed in collaboration by Teva Pharmaceutical Industries and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals.

It is currently at Phase III trials (NCT03245008, NCT02683239, and NCT03161093).

Regeneron Pharmaceuticals
Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. is an American biotechnology company headquartered in Westchester County, New York. The company was founded in 1988.  Originally focused on neurotrophic factors and their regenerative capabilities, giving rise to its present name; the company has since expanded operations into the study of both cytokine and tyrosine kinase receptors, which gave rise to their first product, which is a VEGF-trap.
Ticknock
Ticknock or Tiknock (Irish: Tigh an Chnoic, meaning 'house of the hill') is a townland in Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown, Dublin, Ireland. It is southwest of Sandyford, at the northeastern foothills of the Dublin Mountains. The townland of Tiknock is in the electoral division of Dundrum, and has an area of approximately 2.6 square kilometres (1.0 sq mi).

There are a number of walking and biking trails in the locality, including in the Ticknock Forest amenity which is managed by Coillte. Described as one of Coillte's "most popular" and most visited sites, during 2020 Coillte replanted a number of sections of the commercial coniferous woodland at Ticknock with native deciduous trees.

Originally a largely rural area at the foot of Three Rock Mountain, a number of housing developments were built in the area (between the townland and the M50 motorway to the north) in the early 21st century.

Electoral division (Ireland)
An electoral division (ED, Irish: toghroinn) is a legally defined administrative area in the Republic of Ireland, generally comprising multiple townlands, and formerly a subdivision of urban and rural districts. Until 1996, EDs were known as district electoral divisions (DEDs, toghroinn ceantair) in the 29 county council areas and wards in the five county boroughs. Until 1972, DEDs also existed in Northern Ireland. The predecessor poor law electoral divisions were introduced throughout the island of Ireland in the 1830s. The divisions were used as local-government electoral areas until 1919 in what is now the Republic and until 1972 in Northern Ireland.
North Kildare RFC
North Kildare RFC is an Irish rugby union team based between Maynooth and Kilcock, County Kildare. It is part of the North Kildare Club, which also includes cricket, hockey, bowls, tennis and bridge sections. It is also the home of a gym.

The club caters for adult, youths, mini and girls rugby. The club's first team currently plays in Division 2A of the Leinster League, and its teams participate in IRFU Leinster Branch and North Midlands Area competitions. The club colours are cerise, white and blue. The First XV were promoted to Division 2A of the Leinster League at the end of the 2015 season, the second promotion in 3 years. In the 2015/16 season the club finished 3rd in 1B, the highest the club had ever reached in Leinster since the Leinster League began in 1993/94.

Bob Casey (rugby union)
Bob Casey (born 18 July 1978) is an Irish former rugby union footballer who used to play at lock for London Irish until his retirement at the end of the 2011/2012 season. He was later Operations Director and then the CEO at the same club until he resigned in March 2017. Originally from Maynooth, County Kildare, he was educated at Blackrock College, a Dublin secondary school renowned for producing international rugby players. Casey is currently a consultant for Korn Ferry in Dublin.
Portable mihrab from the Mashhad of Sayyida Ruqayya
The portable mihrab from the Mashhad of Sayyida Ruqayya dates to the Fatimid period and is crafted entirely from wood. It is notable both because of its wooden construction and because it is not built into a larger permanent structure but is freestanding and can be moved. It was commissioned by al-Sayyida 'Ulam al-Amiriyya, the wife of the Fatimid caliph al-Amir, in the 12th century. The mihrab currently resides in the Museum of Islamic Art in Cairo, Egypt.

The basic structure of the mihrab, which stands 210 centimetres (83 in) tall, 111 centimetres (44 in) wide, and 45 centimetres (18 in) deep, is a rectangular prism with a niche on its front. The perimeter of the façade includes Qur'anic verses. The surface of the mihrab contains foliated and geometric patterns, among vegetal designs.

Museum of Islamic Art, Cairo
The Museum of Islamic Art (MIA; Egyptian Arabic: متحف الفن الاسلامى) is a museum in Cairo, Egypt. It is considered one of the greatest museums in the world, with its exceptional collection of rare woodwork and plaster artefacts, as well as metal, ceramic, glass, crystal, and textile objects of all periods, from all over the Islamic world.

In recent years, the museum has displayed about 4,500 artefacts in 25 halls, but it houses more than 100,000 objects, with the remainder in storage. The collection includes rare manuscripts of the Qur'an, with some calligraphy written in silver ink, on pages with elaborate borders.

The museum has conducted archaeological excavations in the Fustat area and has organized a number of national and international exhibitions. The museum closed for renovations in 2003, and re-opened 8 years later, in August 2010. The restoration cost nearly US$10 million.