hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ilovaisk
Ilovaisk (Ukrainian: Іловайськ, pronounced [iloˈwɑjsʲk] ⓘ; Russian: Иловайск) is a city in Donetsk Raion, Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine; residence of Ilovaisk urban hromada. The city is de facto annexed by Russia and administered by the Donetsk People's Republic.

The city is known as a major regional railroad hub. It was also the site of a battle in the war in Donbas. The city has a population of 15,396 (2022 estimate), 17,620 (2001).

Donetsk Raion
Donetsk Raion (Ukrainian: Донецький район, romanized: Donetskyi raion; Russian: Донецкий район) is a prospective raion (district) of Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine. It was formally created in July 2020 as part of the reform of administrative divisions of Ukraine. The center of the raion is in the city of Donetsk. Population: 1,484,514 (2022 estimate). Most of the area of the raion is occupied by Russia, which continues to use the old, pre-2020 administrative divisions of Ukraine. Much of the raion was occupied by Russian-controlled militias during the Donbas war until the village of Kruta Balka was the only unoccupied locality. In the 2022 Russian invasion, the remainder was occupied.
Culture of Melbourne
The culture of Melbourne, the capital of the Australian state of Victoria, encompasses the city's artistic, culinary, literary, musical, political and social elements. Since its founding as a British settlement in 1835, Melbourne has been culturally influenced by European culture, particularly that of the British Isles. During the 1850s Victorian gold rush and in the decades that immediately followed, immigrants from many other parts of the world, notably China and the Americas, helped shape Melbourne's culture. Over time, Melbourne has become the birthplace of a number of unique cultural traits and institutions, and today it is one of the world's most multicultural cities.

Traditionally acclaimed as Australia's "cultural capital", Melbourne topped the Economist Intelligence Unit's annual ranking of the world's most liveable cities throughout much of the 2010s, based in part on its cultural attributes.

Economist Intelligence Unit
The Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) is the research and analysis division of the British media company The Economist Group, providing forecasting and advisory services through research and analysis, such as monthly country reports, five-year country economic forecasts, country risk service reports, and industry reports. The EIU provides country, industry, and management analysis worldwide and incorporates the former Business International Corporation, a UK company acquired by its parent company in 1986. The EIU has its main offices in four cities—London, NYC, Hong Kong and Dubai.

The Managing Director of the EIU is Leon Calvert, who was appointed in April 2025. The former MD was Robin Bew, formerly the Editorial Director and Chief Economist.
Supernumerary kidney
A supernumerary  kidney is an additional kidney to the number usually present in an organism. This often develops as the result of splitting of the nephrogenic blastema, or from separate metanephric blastemas into which partially or completely reduplicated ureteral stalks enter to form separate capsulated kidneys; in some cases the separation of the reduplicated organ is incomplete (fused supernumerary kidney).

Less than a hundred cases are known of one or two supernumerary kidneys.

Blastema
A blastema (Greek βλάστημα, "offspring") is a mass of cells capable of growth and regeneration into organs or body parts. The changing definition of the word "blastema" has been reviewed by Holland (2021).
Nargiztapa
Nargiztapa (Azerbaijani: Nərgiztəpə) – is a locality in Mil plain, located in Khojavend Rayon of Azerbaijan, 5 km to the east from Khojavend and to the south from the Khanashenchay River’s bed, where archeological objects – remains of a settlement of the Bronze Age epoch – were found out.

Judging by findings of ceramics, cultural deposits of Nargiztapa locality are identical with upper layers of Uzarliktapa, a settlement of Middle Bronze Age epoch, in eastern outskirts of Agdam Rayon.

Khojavend District
Khojavend District (Azerbaijani: Xocavənd rayonu) is one of the 66 districts of Azerbaijan. It is located in the west of the country in the Karabakh Economic Region. The district borders the districts of Lachin, Shusha, Khojaly, Aghdam, Aghjabadi, Fuzuli, Jabrayil, and Qubadli. Its capital and largest city is Khojavend. As of 2020, the district had a nominal population of 44,100.
Albinus Nance
Albinus Roberts Nance (March 30, 1848 – December 7, 1911) was an American politician. He served as a soldier during the American Civil War, and as the fourth governor of Nebraska.

Nance was born in La Fayette, Illinois on March 30, 1848. He was born to Dr. Hiram Nance and Sarah (Smith) Nance. He was educated in Kewanee, Illinois, until age sixteen. He married Sarah White and they had one child.

Battle of Nashville
The Battle of Nashville was a two-day battle in the Franklin-Nashville Campaign that represented the end of large-scale fighting west of the coastal states in the American Civil War. It was fought at Nashville, Tennessee, on December 15–16, 1864, between the Confederate Army of Tennessee under Lieutenant General John Bell Hood and the Union Army of the Cumberland (Dept. of the Cumberland) (AoC) under Major General George H. Thomas. In one of the largest victories achieved by the Union army during the war, Thomas attacked and routed Hood's army, largely destroying it as an effective fighting force.
Arch of Carpentras
The Arch of Carpentras is a Roman triumphal arch from the beginning of the first century AD, located at Carpentras in the French department of Vaucluse.

It has a single fornix, framed by fluted lesenes and decorated with an archivolt of vine tendrils. At the outer corners there are engaged columns. On the sides there are images of trophies flanked by barbarian prisoners. These trophy reliefs are also found on the short sides of the Arch of Orange, which is however more richly decorated.

The arch was originally located on the city's cardo maximus. Later it was incorporated into the old cathedral as an access door and still later into the episcopal palace (now the courthouse).

The arch was included in the first list of French historic monuments in 1840.

Archivolt
An archivolt (or voussure) is an ornamental moulding or band following the curve on the underside of an arch. It is composed of bands of ornamental mouldings (or other architectural elements) surrounding an arched opening, corresponding to the architrave in the case of a rectangular opening. The word is sometimes used to refer to the under-side or inner curve of the arch itself (more properly, the intrados). Most commonly archivolts are found as a feature of the arches of church portals. The mouldings and sculptures on these archivolts are used to convey a theological story or depict religious figures and ideologies of the church in order to represent the gateway between the holy space of the church and the external world. The presence of archivolts on churches is seen throughout history, although their design, both architecturally and artistically, is heavily influenced by the period they were built in and the churches they were designed for.
Mark Bell (cyclist)
Mark Bell (21 June 1960 – 30 January 2009) was an English professional cyclist from Birkenhead. He rode for Britain in the Olympic Games, won the national road championship as an amateur and then a professional and was the first foreigner to win the Étoile de Sud stage race in Belgium. He died at 49 after collapsing at his home in Bebington, Wirral. He had recently recovered from alcoholism.

Tour of Britain
The Tour of Britain is a multi-stage cycling race, conducted on British roads, in which participants race across Great Britain to complete the race in the fastest time.

The event dates back to the first British stage races held just after the Second World War. Since then, various different events have been described as the Tour of Britain, including the Milk Race, the Kellogg's Tour of Britain and the PruTour.

The most recent version of the Tour of Britain began in 2004 as part of the UCI Europe Tour. From 2014, the race was rated 2.HC by the UCI. The race became part of the new UCI ProSeries in 2020.
Ad hoc network
An ad hoc network refers to technologies that allow network communications on an ad hoc basis. Associated technologies include:

Wireless ad hoc network

Mobile ad hoc network

Vehicular ad hoc network
Intelligent vehicular ad hoc network

Protocols associated with ad hoc networking
Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing
Ad Hoc Configuration Protocol

Smart phone ad hoc network

Ad hoc wireless distribution service

Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing
Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) Routing is a routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) and other wireless ad hoc networks. It was jointly developed by Charles Perkins (Sun Microsystems) and Elizabeth Royer (now Elizabeth Belding) (University of California, Santa Barbara) and was first published in the ACM 2nd IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications in February 1999.

AODV is the routing protocol used in Zigbee – a low power, low data rate wireless ad hoc network. There are various implementations of AODV such as MAD-HOC, Kernel-AODV, AODV-UU, AODV-UCSB and AODV-UIUC.

The original publication of AODV won the SIGMOBILE Test of Time Award in 2018.  According to Google Scholar, this publication reached 30,000 citations at the end of 2022.  AODV was published in the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) as Experimental RFC 3561 in 2003.
Powersite Dam
Powersite Dam is a hydroelectric dam in Forsyth, Missouri that went into service in 1913. It is along the White River, and it's reservoir is Lake Taneycomo. It was the first hydroelectric dam built in Missouri. Designed in 1911 by Nils F. Ambursen as the largest concrete buttress dam of its kind, the dam is still privately owned by the Empire District Electric Company.

Originally constructed to provide 4 megawatts at 25-hertz, it has since been upgraded to provide 16 megawatts of power at 60-hertz. Sixty hertz is now the standard frequency of electric power in North America, though the old 25-hertz power distribution was more efficient, having less loss.

Nils F. Ambursen
Nils F. Ambursen (February 6, 1876 – January 17, 1953) was a Norwegian-American civil engineer and inventor. He was the founder of Ambursen Hydraulic Construction Company and was known for his influential dam designs in the early 20th century.
Stefano Missio
Stefano Missio (born April 1, 1972, in Udine) is an Italian filmmaker.

He has made various documentaries among which When Italy was not a poor country, about Italy in the 1960s narrated by Joris Ivens, and Scusi, dov'è il Nord Est? produced by Fandango and On Line Productions for Arte (broadcast as Succes à l'italienne) and broadcast in Italy by Tele+. In 2005 he directed Il Ponte, a  fiction short-movie, screenplayed by Francesco Tullio Altan, starring Carlo Mazzacurati and Valentina Fago. His last work, Che Guevara - The body and the legend (2007), was broadcast in 12 countries. He lives and works in Paris.

Joris Ivens
Georg Henri Anton "Joris" Ivens (18 November 1898 – 28 June 1989) was a Dutch documentary filmmaker. Among the notable films he directed or co-directed are A Tale of the Wind, The Spanish Earth, Rain, ...A Valparaiso, Misère au Borinage (Borinage), 17th Parallel: Vietnam in War, The Seine Meets Paris, Far from Vietnam, Pour le Mistral and How Yukong Moved the Mountains.
Anna Nicole
Anna Nicole is an opera in 2 acts and 16 scenes, with music by Mark-Anthony Turnage to an English libretto by Richard Thomas. Based on the life of American model Anna Nicole Smith, the opera received its première on 17 February 2011 at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, London, directed by Richard Jones. A recording of the opera was broadcast on BBC Four and BBC iPlayer on 25 March 2011. The broadcast drew in 67,700 viewers. The opera received its first London revival at Covent Garden in September 2014.

BBC iPlayer
BBC iPlayer (stylised as iPLAYER or BBC iPLAYER) is a video on demand service from the BBC. The service is available over-the-top on a wide range of devices, including mobile phones and tablets, personal computers and smart televisions. iPlayer services delivered to UK-based viewers are free from commercial advertising. To use the service, a valid TV Licence is required by law.

The terms BBC iPlayer, iPlayer, and BBC Media Player refer to various methods of viewing or listening to the same content. BBC iPlayer launched in 2007. Previously, a separate BBC iPlayer Radio brand was used for radio services but this was replaced with BBC Sounds in 2018. The current logo and rebranding to "iPLAYER" has been in use since 2021.

Currently, some programmes can be watched in UHD on iPlayer as part of an ongoing trial, as well as streaming major live events in 4K on iPlayer.
Malisa Zini
Malisa Zini (March 5, 1921 – February 26, 1985) was an Argentine actress of the Golden Age of Argentine cinema. She starred in the 1950 film Arroz con leche, among others such as Cumbres de hidalguía, under director Carlos Schlieper. s

Carlos Schlieper
Carlos Schlieper (23 September 1902 – 11 April 1957 in  Buenos Aires) was an Argentine film director and screenwriter notable for his work during the classical era of Argentine cinema.

His father, Hermann Heinrich Schlieper Feldmann (1842–1925), was an industrialist of German nationality and his mother, very Catholic, was Spaniard (from Andalusia). Schlieper, who had three male and three female siblings, received a careful education that included traveling abroad and studying at a high school in Switzerland.

He directed about 30 films between 1939 and 1957, writing for over 20 of them. He was particularly noted for his romantic comedies in 1940s and 1950s, directing films such as La serpiente de cascabel (1948), Arroz con leche (1950), Cuando besa mi marido (1950),  Mi mujer está loca (1952)  and Mi marido y mi novio (1955). He also directed Alejandra in 1956 and died on 11 April 1957.
Ucha (river)
The Ucha (Russian: Уча́) is a river in Moscow Oblast, Russia. It is a left tributary of the Klyazma. The construction of the Moscow Canal has separated the upper course of the Ucha from its lower course.

The Ucha is 42 km in length, with a drainage basin of 605 km². It flows through the towns of Pushkino and Ivanteyevka, and flows into the Klyazma at the town of Shchyolkovo.

Tributaries: Serebryanka, Akulovka, Samoryadovka, Razderikha.

Ivanteyevka
Ivanteyevka (Russian: Ивантеевка) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.

Urban localities

Ivanteyevka, Moscow Oblast, a town in Moscow Oblast; administratively incorporated as a town under oblast jurisdiction

Rural localities

Ivanteyevka, Saratov Oblast, a selo in Ivanteyevsky District of Saratov Oblast
Jia Yubing
Jia Yubing (Chinese: 贾昱冰; pinyin: Jiǎ Yùbīng, born 1983-02-18 in Beijing) is a Chinese baseball player. He was a member of Team China at the 2008 Summer Olympics.

In 2007 he signed with the Seattle Mariners.

Gameplay
Gameplay is the specific way in which players interact with a game. The term applies to both video games and tabletop games. Gameplay is the connection between the player and the game, the player's overcoming of challenges, and the pattern of player behavior defined through the game's rules.
Reginald Wyer
Reginald H. Wyer BSC (1901–1970) was a British cinematographer.

Among his notable early credits were The Seventh Veil (1945) and Quartet (1948), So Long at the Fair (1950) and Four Sided Triangle (1953), the last two of which were directed by Terence Fisher. He joined Fisher again in the mid-1960s for two low-budget science fiction films: Island of Terror (1965) and Night of the Big Heat (1967).

He was often credited as "Reginald H. Wyer" or simply "Reg Wyer".

So Long at the Fair
So Long at the Fair (US re-release title The Black Curse) is a 1950 British thriller film directed by Terence Fisher and Antony Darnborough, and starring Jean Simmons and Dirk Bogarde. It was adapted from the 1947 novel of the same name by Anthony Thorne.
Lunar Saros 136
Saros cycle series 136 for lunar eclipses occurs at the moon's ascending node, 18 years 11 and 1/3 days. It contains 72 events. Solar saros 143 interleaves with this lunar saros with an event occurring every 9 years 5 days alternating between each saros series.

This lunar saros is linked to Solar Saros 143.

Lunar eclipse
A lunar eclipse, also called a blood moon, is an astronomical event that occurs when the Moon orbits through Earth's shadow.‍‍ Lunar eclipses occur during eclipse season, when the Moon's orbital plane is approximately in line with Earth and the Sun. The type and length of a lunar eclipse depend on the Moon's proximity to the lunar node.‍‍ In contrast with illusive and short-lasting solar eclipses, lunar eclipses can be observed from anywhere on the night side of Earth and often last for an hour or longer. Lunar eclipses are safe to observe without eye protection.

Lunar eclipses are notable for causing the Moon to appear orange or red. This occurs when the Moon passes through the Earth's umbra, necessitating any sunlight that reaches the Moon to first pass through the Earth's atmosphere. The resulting Rayleigh scattering removes high-wavelength colors such as violet and blue from the incoming light before it reflects off the lunar surface and is observed on Earth.
Macaroni Point
Macaroni Point (62°54′S 60°32′W﻿ / ﻿62.900°S 60.533°W﻿ / -62.900; -60.533) is a point marking the northeastern extremity of Deception Island, in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. The name arose following survey by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey in January 1954, because a colony of macaroni penguins (Eudyptes chrysolophus) was on this point.

Deception Island
Deception Island is in the South Shetland Islands close to the Antarctic Peninsula with a large and usually "safe" natural harbour, which is occasionally affected by the underlying active volcano. This island is the caldera of an active volcano, which seriously damaged local scientific stations in 1967 and 1969. The island previously held a whaling station. It has now become a tourist destination, attracting over 15,000 visitors annually. Two research stations are operated by Argentina and Spain during the summer season. While various countries have asserted sovereignty, it is still administered under the Antarctic Treaty System, meaning it is under no control.
Patrick Rolland
Patrick Rolland (born 7 June 1969) is a Canadian-born French former ice hockey goaltender.

Rolland was born in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. He played his entire career in France, playing for Viry-Châtillon EH, Hockey Club de Reims, Brûleurs de Loups and Brest Albatros Hockey. He also competed in the men's tournament at the 2002 Winter Olympics.

Ice hockey at the 2002 Winter Olympics – Men's tournament
The men's tournament in ice hockey at the 2002 Winter Olympics was the 20th Olympic championship and held in Utah, United States between 9 and 24 February 2002. For the second consecutive Olympics, the National Hockey League (NHL) took a break in its regular-season schedule to allow its players to participate in the Olympic tournament. 14 countries qualified for the tournament; eight of them did so automatically by virtue of their ranking at the 1999 IIHF World Championship, while the other six took part in a series of qualification tournaments.

In the semifinals, Canada defeated Belarus, 7–1, and the United States defeated Russia, 3–2. Russia finished with the bronze medal, beating Belarus, 7–2. In the final, Canada defeated the United States, 5–2, to win the tournament for the seventh time and first since 1952. Canadian forward Joe Sakic was awarded MVP of the tournament, having two goals and two assists in the gold medal game.
1834 Ohio gubernatorial election
The 1834 Ohio gubernatorial election was held on October 14, 1834.

Incumbent Democratic Governor Robert Lucas was re-elected to a second term, defeating Whig nominee, former Mayor of Cincinnati and former U.S. Representative, James Findlay.

Robert Lucas (governor)
Robert Lucas (April 1, 1781 – February 7, 1853) was the 12th governor of Ohio, serving from 1832 to 1836. He later served as the first governor of the Iowa Territory from 1838 to 1841. Lucas was a central figure in the Toledo War and the Honey War.
Bihe
Bihe can refer to:

Viye, also known as Bihe, one of the traditional independent Ovimbundu kingdoms in Angola

Baháʼí Institute for Higher Education (BIHE), a university in Iran designed and managed by the Baháʼí community for Iranian Baháʼís who are excluded from access to higher education in their country

Viye
Viye (also known as Bié, Bieno, or Bihe) was one of the traditional Ovimbundu kingdoms, located in the central plateau of Angola. Its capital city was Ecovongo.

During the 18th and 19th centuries, the kingdom was an important crossroads through which Central African and Southern African trade flowed.
Sainte-Rose station
Sainte-Rose station (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃t ʁoz]) is a commuter rail station operated by Exo in Laval, Quebec, Canada. It is served by the Saint-Jérôme line.

The station is located in ARTM fare zone B, and currently has 713 parking spaces and a bus loop. Prior to the reform of the ARTM's fare structure in July 2022, it was in zone 3.

Commuter rail in North America
Commuter rail services in the United States, Canada, Cuba, Mexico, Panama, and Costa Rica provide common carrier passenger transportation along railway tracks, with scheduled service on fixed routes on a non-reservation basis, primarily for short-distance (local) travel between a central business district and adjacent suburbs and regional travel between cities of a conurbation. It does not include rapid transit or light rail service.
Freshwater acidification
Freshwater acidification occurs when acidic inputs enter a body of fresh water through the weathering of rocks, invasion of acidifying gas (e.g. carbon dioxide), or by the reduction of acid anions, like sulfate and nitrate within a lake, pond, or reservoir. Freshwater acidification is primarily caused by sulfur oxides (SOx) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) entering the water from atmospheric depositions and soil leaching. Carbonic acid and dissolved carbon dioxide can also enter freshwaters, in a similar manner associated with runoff, through carbon dioxide-rich soils. Runoff that contains these compounds may incorporate acidifying hydrogen ions and inorganic aluminum, which can be toxic to marine organisms. Acid rain also contributes to freshwater acidification. A well-documented case of freshwater acidification in the Adirondack Lakes, New York, emerged in the 1970s, driven by acid rain from industrial sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions.

Carbonic acid
Carbonic acid is a chemical compound with the chemical formula H2CO3. The molecule rapidly converts to water and carbon dioxide in the presence of water. In contrast to early-twentieth century textbooks, numerous studies conducted since ca. 1990 identified H2CO3 as a real molecule with a distinct Raman spectrum and with a first-order life-time of ca. 20 ms at 37 °C. Solid anhydrous carbonic acid has also been isolated.

The interconversion of carbon dioxide and carbonic acid is related to the breathing process of all aerobic organisms and to the acidification of natural waters.