hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Controlled digital lending
Controlled digital lending (CDL) is a model by which libraries digitize materials in their collection and make them available for lending on an owned-to-loaned ratio. That is, libraries can only digitize and lend the number of physical copies they have legally acquired through purchase or donation. In the United States, the model is based on interpretations of the United States copyright principles of fair use and copyright exhaustion.

First-sale doctrine
The first-sale doctrine (also sometimes referred to as the "right of first sale" or the "first sale rule") is a legal concept that limits the rights of an intellectual property owner to control resale of products embodying its intellectual property. The doctrine enables the distribution chain of copyrighted products, library lending, giving, video rentals and secondary markets for copyrighted works (for example, enabling individuals to sell their legally purchased books or CDs to others). In trademark law, this same doctrine enables reselling of trademarked products after the trademark holder puts the products on the market. In the case of patented products, the doctrine allows resale of patented products without any control from the patent holder.  The first sale doctrine does not apply to patented processes, which are instead governed by the patent exhaustion doctrine.
LRC (file format)
LRC (short for lyrics) is a computer file format that synchronizes song lyrics with an audio file, such as MP3, AAC, or MIDI. It allows for compatible media player software (including digital audio players) to display song lyrics synchronously with a playing song. The lyrics file has the same name as the audio file, just with a different filename extension, and operates as a sidecar file. For example, if a song's main file is song.mp3, its LRC file would be song.lrc. 
The LRC format is text-based and similar in form to subtitle files. It can be manually created and written in a text editor but purpose-made software has been made to ease and automate the creation of lyrics files. Various websites operate providing ready-made LRC files for songs to be downloaded. There also exist software that mass-download LRC files from song lyrics databases, automating the process to the user.

Text editor
A text editor is interactive software that allows a user to edit plain text, such as Notepad.

As with any software, a text editor can be installed onto a  system, but often a relatively simple text editor is included in a default installation of an operating system (OS) since editing text files is a relatively basic need for any system and since a simple text editor can be provided at relatively low cost.

As source code is text, any text editor can be used to edit code, but a source-code editor is designed with features specifically intended for editing code. Some provide integration with software development tools and provide a debugging environment.
Albion Rovers F.C.
Albion Rovers Football Club is a semi-professional football team from Coatbridge, North Lanarkshire, Scotland. They play in the Lowland League, the fifth tier of the Scottish football league system.

Founded in October 1882, the club joined the Scottish Football League in 1903 and, other than four seasons during the First World War when the second tier was abolished, maintained their league membership until they were relegated in the 2022–23 season. During this time, they won three lower division league titles – in 1933–34, 1988–89 and 2014–15; and been promoted on three other occasions – 1937–38, 1947–48 and 2010–11.

2014–15 Scottish League Two
The 2014–15 Scottish League Two is the 21st season in the current format of 10 teams in the fourth tier of Scottish football. The last placed team entered a play-off with the winners of the Highland League (Brora Rangers) and Lowland League (Edinburgh City) to determine which team entered League Two in the 2015–16 season.
1990 Norwegian First Division (women)
The 1990 1. divisjon season, the highest women's football (soccer) league in Norway, began on 28 April 1990 and ended on 6 October 1990.

18 games were played with 3 points given for wins and 1 for draws. Number nine and ten were relegated, while two teams from the 2. divisjon were promoted through a playoff round.

Sprint/Jeløy won the league, losing only one game.

Asker Fotball
Asker Fotball is the football department of Norwegian sports club Asker SK from Asker.

The women's football team is one of the most successful clubs ever in Norway, with six top flight championships and five cup championships. Due to financial difficulties at the end of 2008, the team's licence to play in the Toppserien was revoked; the team members then joined Stabæk IF's football group, Stabæk Fotball, which set up a new women's team. NFF gave Asker's place in the Toppserien to Stabæk Fotball. Asker's second team became Asker's first team, playing in the 2. divisjon, and they now have a recruiting arrangement with Stabæk Fotball.

The men's team currently play in the 2. divisjon, the second tier of the Norwegian football league system.
Gristmill
A gristmill (also known as a grist mill, corn mill, flour mill, feed mill or feedmill) grinds cereal grain into flour and middlings. The term can refer to either the grinding mechanism or the building that holds it. Grist is grain that has been separated from its chaff in preparation for grinding.

Revolutions per minute
Revolutions per minute (abbreviated rpm, RPM, rev/min, r/min, or r⋅min−1) is a unit of rotational speed (or rotational frequency) for rotating machines.
One revolution per minute is equivalent to ⁠1/60⁠ hertz.
John McMullin (silversmith)
John McMullin (October 18, 1765 – September 12, 1843) was an American silversmith, active in Philadelphia.

McMullin was born in Philadelphia. He worked in circa 1795—1810 as an individual silversmith and jeweler, then from 1811 to 1815 in a series of partnerships (1811-1813 with James Black as McMULLIN & BLACK, 1813—1814 with James McMullin, 1814—1815 with William Seal as SEAL & MCMULLIN) and finally on his own again from 1815—1841 as a silversmith and jeweler. During the French Revolution, he took in the Delormerie family and paid for Adelaide Celestis Delormerie's memorial when she died at the age of 16. McElroy's 1830 directory lists his address as 114 South Front Street. He died in Philadelphia, where he is buried in the Woodlands Cemetery. His work is collected in the Cincinnati Art Museum, the Metropolitan Museum of Art and, perhaps, the Museum of Early Southern Decorative Arts.

The Woodlands (Philadelphia)
The Woodlands is a National Historic Landmark District on the west bank of the Schuylkill River in Philadelphia. It includes a Federal-style mansion, a matching carriage house and stable, and a garden landscape that in 1840 was transformed into a Victorian rural cemetery with an arboretum of over 1,000 trees. More than 30,000 people are buried at the cemetery. Among the tombstones at Woodlands cemetery is the tombstone of Dr Thomas W. Evans, which at 150 feet (46 m), is both the tallest gravestone in the United States and the tallest obelisk gravestone in the world.
Chinese number gestures
Chinese number gestures are a method to signify the natural numbers one through ten using one hand.  This method may have been developed to bridge the many varieties of Chinese—for example, the numbers 4 (Chinese: 四; pinyin: sì) and 10 (Chinese: 十; pinyin: shí) are hard to distinguish in some dialects. Some suggest that it was also used by business people during bargaining (i.e., to convey a bid by feeling the hand gesture in a sleeve) when they wish for more privacy in a public place. These gestures are fully integrated into Chinese Sign Language.

Chinese Sign Language
Chinese Sign Language (abbreviated CSL or ZGS; simplified Chinese: 中国手语; traditional Chinese: 中國手語; pinyin: Zhōngguó Shǒuyǔ) is the main sign language used in China. It is not related to the Taiwanese Sign Language used in Taiwan. Manually coded Mandarin is referred to as Wénfǎ Shǒuyǔ (simplified Chinese: 文法手语; traditional Chinese: 文法手語; lit. 'grammatical sign language').
Roche Vendée Basket Club
The Roche Vendée Basket Club is a French professional women's basketball club from La Roche-sur-Yon, that currently plays in the La Boulangère Wonderligue (French's first division for women's basketball).

La Roche-sur-Yon
La Roche-sur-Yon (pronounced [la ʁɔʃ syʁ jɔ̃]) is a commune in the Vendée department in the Pays de la Loire region in western France. It is the capital of the department. The demonym for its inhabitants is Yonnais.

Known for its historical significance and cultural heritage, La Roche-sur-Yon also houses a wide range of educational institutions, from primary schools to higher education establishments.
Barwell, London
Barwell is a small locality in the London Borough of Kingston upon Thames, located between Chessington and Claygate and historically in the county of Surrey. It was traditionally farmland, its name likely alluding the barley that was grown in the area.

Claygate
Claygate is an affluent suburban village in Surrey, England, 14 miles (23 kilometres) southwest of central London. It is the only civil parish in the borough of Elmbridge. Adjoining Esher and Hinchley Wood to the west and north respectively, and bordered by green belt land to the south and east, Claygate lies within the Greater London Built-up Area.

Claygate was once in the main manor of Thames Ditton, but is now administered from Esher. It is primarily residential and has a small number of offices, outlying farms and two small shopping areas, the Old Village and the Parade, with hair and beauty shops, a supermarket, five pubs and a number of restaurants.

Claygate lies on the Claygate Beds, a clay formation up to 15 metres (50 feet) thick, which extends well beyond the village. These beds are the youngest part of the London Clay geological formation, forming a transition between the clay and the sandier Bagshot Beds above.
Gypsy Sisters
Gypsy Sisters is an American reality television series on TLC. The series debuted on February 10, 2013. It follows the daily life of Romanichal women located in Martinsburg, West Virginia. The series serves as a spin off to its sister show My Big Fat American Gypsy Wedding. The second season premiered on December 5, 2013. The third season premiered August 21, 2014. The fourth season premiered on May 31, 2015. TLC officially cancelled the series on July 30, 2015 due to low ratings, the passing of Nettie's stepson, Rocky, and the murder of Mellie's dog. In March 2025, Kayla and Annie announced their podcast, “Gossiping Gypsy Sisters”, where they react to the series and provide their commentary, thoughts, and behind the scenes scoop. Mellie Stanley also has 3 kids

TLC (TV network)
TLC is an American premium multinational cable and satellite television network owned by the Networks division of Warner Bros. Discovery. First established in 1980 as The Learning Channel, it initially focused on educational and instructional programming. By the late 1990s, after an acquisition by Discovery, Inc. earlier in the decade, the network began to pivot towards reality television programming—predominantly focusing on programming involving lifestyles and personal stories—to the point that the previous name with "The Learning Channel" spelled out was phased out in favor of its initialism.

As of November 2023, with its programming primarily dedicated to the nine-series 90 Day Fiancé universe, comprising 31% of the shows carried by the channel, TLC is available to approximately 71,000,000 pay television households in the United States—down from its 2011 peak of 100,000,000 households.
Dr. Kotnis Ki Amar Kahani
Dr. Kotnis ki Amar Kahani (English: The eternal tale of Dr. Kotnis) is a 1946 Indian film in Hindustani as well as English, written by Khwaja Ahmad Abbas and directed by V. Shantaram. The English version was titled The Journey of Dr. Kotnis. Both versions starred Shantaram in the title role. The film is based on the life of Dwarkanath Kotnis, an Indian doctor who worked in China during the Japanese invasion in World War II. The film was screened in competition at the 1947 Venice Film Festival.

8th Venice International Film Festival
The 8th Venice International Film Festival was held from 23 August to 15 September 1947. Screenwriter Vinicio Marinucci was appointed as the president of the jury.

Formally, it still was not the Golden Lion to designate the highest honor of the event. The main prize was known as the Grand International Prize of Venice, which was awarded to The Strike, directed by Karel Steklý.
Yishun Public Library
1°25′41.4″N 103°50′10.0″E﻿ / ﻿1.428167°N 103.836111°E﻿ / 1.428167; 103.836111

Yishun Public Library (Simplified Chinese: 义顺社区图书馆), is a public library located in Yishun in the North Region of Singapore. It is currently located at Level 4, North Wing of Northpoint City and serves the areas of Yishun, Khatib and Canberra. The target community includes residents of Chong Pang, Nee Soon Central, Nee Soon East and Nee Soon South.

North Region, Singapore
The North Region is one of the five regions in the city-state of Singapore. The region is the second largest region in terms of land area, and has a population of 582,330. Woodlands is the regional centre and also the most populous town with 255,130 residents living in the area. Comprising 13,500 hectares of land area, it includes eight planning areas.

The relative isolation of the area from the Downtown Core meant relatively belated urban development and the greater abundance of natural greenery. Still, the region includes one of Singapore's largest new towns, Woodlands. Largely grouped into three new towns, it houses 129,000 residential housing units of various types, although public housing tends to dominate. Excluding naturally occurring green spaces, the region has 3 square kilometres of recreational spaces.
SZD-11 Albatros
The SZD-11 Albatros was a single-seat glider aircraft that was designed and built in Poland at Szybowcowy Zakład Doświadczalny - Glider Experimental Works in Bielsko-Biała in 1954. Only one prototype was completed and flown.

Glider (aircraft)
A glider is a fixed-wing aircraft that is supported in flight by the dynamic reaction of the air against its lifting surfaces, and whose free flight does not depend on an engine. Most gliders do not have an engine, although motor-gliders have small engines for extending their flight when necessary by sustaining the altitude (normally a sailplane relies on rising air to maintain altitude) with some being powerful enough to take off by self-launch.

There are a wide variety of types differing in the construction of their wings, aerodynamic efficiency, location of the pilot, controls and intended purpose. Most exploit meteorological phenomena to maintain or gain height. Gliders are principally used for the air sports of gliding, hang gliding and paragliding. However some spacecraft have been designed to descend as gliders and in the past military gliders have been used in warfare. Some simple and familiar types of glider are toys such as paper planes and balsa wood gliders.
Martinez Familia Sangeros
The Puerto Rican Mob/The Puerto Rican mafia, consists of 6 crime families Estrella Family (colorado cartel), in the northwestern coast of Puerto Rico around the cities of San Juan, Aguadilla, Añasco and Isabela. The family was founded by Quitoni Martinez, José "Coquito" López Rosario whom later split from the Family to form his own which became a family within the Puerto Rican mafia, Henry Vega, Iván Vega, and Luis Albertos Rodríguez. They had strong connections with The Cali Cartel and small connections with Los Pepes, Paulino Castillo Organization, Gulf Cartel and the Puerto Rican street gang Ñetas.

Mayagüez, Puerto Rico
Mayagüez (Spanish pronunciation: [maʝaˈɣwes], locally [maʝaˈweʔ]) is the ninth-largest municipality in Puerto Rico. It was founded as Pueblo de Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria de Mayagüez (Township of Our Lady of Candelaria), and is also known as La Sultana del Oeste (The Sultaness of the West), Ciudad de las Aguas Puras (City of Pure Waters), or Ciudad del Mangó (Mango City). On April 6, 1894, the Spanish Crown granted it the formal title of Excelente Ciudad de Mayagüez (Excellent City of Mayagüez). Mayagüez is located in the center of the western coast on the island of Puerto Rico. It has a population of 73,077, and it is the principal city of the Mayagüez Metropolitan Statistical Area (pop. 213,831) and the Mayagüez–Aguadilla, PR Combined Statistical Area (pop. 467,599).
Arthur Butler (bishop)
Arthur Hamilton Butler MBE (8 March 1912 – 6 July 1991) was an Irish bishop in the Church of Ireland in the second half of the 20th century.

Born on 8 March 1912 and educated at Friars School, Bangor and Trinity College Dublin,
he was ordained in 1936 and began his career as a curate at Monkstown, Dublin. London curacies at Christ Church, Crouch End and Holy Trinity, Brompton were followed by six years as Army Chaplain. In 1945 he returned to Monkstown as incumbent, a post he held until his ordination to the episcopate as the 10th Bishop of Tuam, Killala and Achonry in 1958. He was translated to be Bishop of Connor in 1969 and retired in 1981. He died 6 July 1991.

Crouch End
Crouch End is an area of north London, England, five miles (8 km) from the City of London in the western half of the borough of Haringey. It is within the Hornsey postal district (N8). It has been described as one of "a new breed of urban villages" in London. In 2023, it was voted the best place to live in London.
Braxon Lake
Braxon Lake is a small alpine lake in Boise County, Idaho, United States, located in the Sawtooth Mountains in the Sawtooth National Recreation Area.  The lake is most easily accessed from Sawtooth National Forest trail 101.

Braxon Lake is in the Sawtooth Wilderness, and a wilderness permit can be obtained at a registration box at trailheads or wilderness boundaries.  Braxon Lake is southwest of Braxon Peak.

Boise County, Idaho
Boise County is a rural mountain county in the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 7,610. The county seat is historic Idaho City, which is connected through a series of paved and unpaved roads to Lowman, Centerville, Placerville, Pioneerville, Star Ranch, Crouch, Garden Valley, and Horseshoe Bend.

Boise County is part of the Boise metropolitan area.

The Bogus Basin ski area is in the southwestern part of the county. The county's eastern area contains the central section of the Sawtooth Wilderness, the western part of the Sawtooth National Recreation Area.

In 2010, the center of Idaho's population was in Boise County.
Quingentole
Quingentole (Lower Mantovano: Quingéntuli) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Mantua in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 160 kilometres (99 mi) southeast of Milan and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) southeast of Mantua.

Quingentole borders the following municipalities: Borgo Mantovano, Quistello, Schivenoglia, Serravalle a Po, Sustinente.

Emilian language
Emilian (Reggiano, Parmesan and Modenese: emigliân; Bolognese: emigliàn; Piacentino: emigliän; Italian: emiliano) is a Gallo-Italic unstandardised language spoken in the historical region of Emilia, which is now in the western part of Emilia-Romagna.

Emilian has a default word order of subject–verb–object and both grammatical gender (masculine and feminine) and grammatical number (singular and plural). There is a strong T–V distinction, which distinguishes varying levels of politeness, social distance, courtesy, familiarity or insult. The alphabet, largely adapted from the Italian (Tuscan) one, uses a considerable number of diacritics.
Pedasa
Pedasa (Ancient Greek: Πήδασα or τὰ Πήδασα), also known as Pedasus or Pedasos (Πήδασος), and as Pedasum, was a town of ancient Caria. It was a polis (city-state) by c. 400 BCE. Alexander the Great deprived the place of its independence by giving it over to the Halicarnassians, together with five other neighbouring towns.

It was a member of the Delian League.

Its site is near the modern Gökçeler, Muğla province of Turkey.

Muğla Province
Muğla Province (Turkish: Muğla ili, pronounced [muːɫa iˈli]) is a province and metropolitan municipality of Turkey, at the country's southwestern corner, on the Aegean Sea. Its area is 12,654 km2, and its population is 1,048,185 (2022). Its seat is the city of Muğla, about 20 km (12 mi) inland, while some of Turkey's largest holiday resorts, such as Bodrum, Ölüdeniz, Marmaris and Fethiye, lie on the coast.
Lothar von Arnauld de la Perière
Vizeadmiral Lothar von Arnauld de la Perière (German: [ˈloːtaʁ fɔn ʔaʁˈnoː də la peˈʁi̯ɛːɐ̯]; 18 March 1886 – 24 February 1941), born in Posen, Prussia, and of French-German descent, was a German U-boat commander during World War I. With 194 ships and 453,716 gross register tons (GRT) sunk, he is the most successful submarine captain ever. His victories came in the Mediterranean, almost always using his 8.8 cm deck gun. During his career, he fired 74 torpedoes, hitting 39 times.

Arnauld de la Perière remained in the German Navy (Reichsmarine) after the war ended. During World War II, he was recalled to active duty as a rear admiral, and was killed when his plane crashed on takeoff close to Le Bourget Airport near Paris in 1941.

Reichsmarine
The Reichsmarine (State Navy)  was the name of the German Navy during the Weimar Republic and first two years of Nazi Germany. It was the naval branch of the Reichswehr, existing from 1919 to 1935. In 1935, it became known as the Kriegsmarine (War Navy), a branch of the Wehrmacht; a change implemented by Adolf Hitler. Many of the administrative and organizational tenets of the Reichsmarine were then carried over into the organization of the Kriegsmarine.
Carolyn Wright (judge)
Carolyn Wright-Sanders (born September 27, 1946) is an American lawyer, jurist and a former chief justice of the Fifth Court of Appeals of Texas, serving in that position from November 17, 2009, to December 31, 2018.

Fifth Court of Appeals of Texas
The Fifth Court of Appeals of Texas is one of the 14 Texas Courts of Appeals.  It currently sits in Dallas, Texas.  It has simultaneously both the smallest Court of Appeals' jurisdictional geographic size (only six counties, one of which is shared with another Court), and the largest composition (13 Justices).
The Heathens of Kummerow
The Heathens of Kummerow (German: Die Heiden von Kummerow und ihre lustigen Streiche, lit. 'The Heathens of Kummerow and Their Funny Pranks') is a 1967 East German-West German family comedy film directed by Werner Jacobs and starring Paul Dahlke, Ralf Wolter and Fritz Tillmann. It is an adaptation of the novel of the same name, written by Ehm Welk and published in 1937.

The film's sets were designed by the art directors Senta Ochs and Alfred Tolle. Location shooting took place around Rügen.

Children's film
A children's film, or family film, is a film genre that generally relates to children in the context of home and family. Children's films are made specifically for children and not necessarily for a general audience, while family films are made for a wider appeal with a general audience in mind. Children's films come in several major genres like realism, fantasy, adventure, war, musicals, comedy, and literary adaptations.
Lindsay baronets
There have been three baronetcies held by people with the surname Lindsay, one in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia and two in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. One creation is extant as of 2026.

Lindsay baronets of Evelick (1666)

Lindsay baronets of West Ville (1821)

Lindsay baronets of Dowhill (1962)

Lindsay baronets of Evelick (1666)
The Lindsay baronetcy of Evelick (Evelix) in the County of Perth was created in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia on 15 April 1666 for Alexander Lindsay, grandson of Alexander Lindsay, bishop of Dunkeld. The title became extinct on the death of the 5th Baronet in 1799.