hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Darling and Pearson
Darling and Pearson was an architectural firm based in Toronto from 1895 through 1937. The firm was prolific and produced consistently fine work though the patronage of notable figures of the Canadian establishment, and is responsible for enhancing the architectural character and quality of the city, and indeed the rest of Canada, in the first quarter of the 20th century.

Byron Edmund Walker
Sir Byron Edmund Walker, CVO (14 October 1848 – 27 March 1924) was a Canadian banker. He was the president of the Canadian Bank of Commerce from 1907 to 1924, and a generous patron of the arts, helping to found and nurture many of Canada's cultural and educational institutions, including the University of Toronto, National Gallery of Canada, the Champlain Society, Appleby College, Art Gallery of Ontario and Royal Ontario Museum.

In 1910, King George V knighted Walker for his contributions to business and the arts.
Morvern Callar (film)
Morvern Callar is a 2002 psychological drama film directed by Lynne Ramsay and starring Samantha Morton as the title character and Kathleen McDermott. The screenplay, cowritten by Ramsay and Liana Dognini, was based on the 1995 novel of the same name by Alan Warner. It follows a young woman in a small Scottish port town who, in the aftermath of her boyfriend's suicide, conceals his death before embarking on a vacation with her friend.

A co-production between the United Kingdom and Canada, Morvern Callar premiered at the 2002 Cannes Film Festival, and was released theatrically in the United Kingdom on 1 November 2002. It received favorable reviews from film critics. The film was nominated for seven awards at the British Independent Film Awards, with Morton winning for Best Actress and cinematography Alwin H. Küchler winning for Best Technical Achievement, while McDermott won the award for Best Actress at the BAFTA Scotland Awards.

Psychological drama
Psychological drama, or psychodrama, is a subgenre of drama and psychological fiction literatures that generally focuses upon the emotional, mental, and psychological development of the protagonists and other characters within the narrative, which is highlighted by the drama. It is widely known as one of the main subgenres of psychological fiction; the subgenre is commonly used for films and television series.
John Durkee
John Durkee (December 11, 1728 - May 29, 1782) of Connecticut was a commissioned officer in the Continental Army during the American Revolution and the French and Indian War. He was born in Windham, Connecticut before relocating to Norwich, Connecticut around the age of 18. Records are sparse on his life, but documentation of his military service indicates that in May 1775 he was a major in Brigadier General Israel Putnam's 3rd Connecticut State Regiment. With the start of the war, Durkee was promoted to lieutenant colonel on July 1, 1775. He was made lieutenant colonel of the 20th Continental Regiment on January 1, 1776, and then its colonel in August 1776. Durkee was transferred as colonel to the 4th Connecticut Regiment in January 1777. He was wounded at the Battle of Monmouth on June 28, 1778, and was transferred again to the 1st Connecticut Regiment on January 1, 1781. He died on May 29, 1782.

4th Connecticut Regiment
The 4th Connecticut Regiment was raised on April 27, 1775, at Hartford, Connecticut. The regiment saw action in the Invasion of Canada following its adoption into the Continental Army on June 14, 1775, during which it was led by Colonel Benjamin Hinman. After which the regiment was disbanded on December 20, 1775, and reformed on September 16, 1776, to fight in the Philadelphia campaign in the Battle of Brandywine, Battle of Germantown and the Battle of Monmouth. These battles saw the leadership of Colonel John Durkee. The regiment was merged along with the 3rd Connecticut Regiment into the 1st Connecticut Regiment on January 1, 1783, at West Point, New York.
Has Hlai grammar
This article is a description of the grammar of standardized Has Hlai, a Hlai language spoken on the island of Hainan, China, by the Hlai (Li) ethnic group. The parts of speech are nouns, verbs, adjectives, conjunctions, numerals, adverbs, and pronouns.

Complement (linguistics)
In grammar, a complement is a word, phrase, or clause that is necessary to complete the meaning of a given expression. Complements are often also arguments (expressions that help complete the meaning of a predicate).
Ice hockey in Vermont
Vermont has a long history with ice hockey in the United States. Despite the state's sparse population, its location in New England placed Vermont in the middle of ice hockey circles, particularly at the college level.

Gary Wright (ice hockey)
Gary Wright is an American retired ice hockey coach.  Wright served as head coach of Rice Memorial High School from 1976 to 1979, an assistant coach at Maine from 1979 to 1984, and as the head coach of American International from 1984 through 2016.  After the retirement of Jack Parker in 2012–13 Wright became the longest-tenured coach in the NCAA along with Red Berenson.
Tigray genocide
The Tigray genocide or Tigrai genocide refers to the alleged genocidal acts committed during the Tigray war in Ethiopia, which began in November 2020 and formally ended in November 2022, when the Pretoria Peace Agreement was agreed to. The conflict started when the regional government of Tigray sought greater autonomy, prompting a military intervention by the Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF) and its allies, including the Eritrean Defence Forces (EDF) and regional militias.

The Tigray war erupted in November 2020 following a dispute between the Ethiopian federal government and the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF), the ruling party of the Tigray Region, over the region's autonomy. The conflict resulted in thousands of deaths and a humanitarian crisis.

Eritrean Defence Forces
The Eritrean Defence Forces (EDF) (Tigrinya: ሓይልታት ምክልኻል ኤርትራ) are the combined military forces of Eritrea composed of three branches: Eritrean Army, Eritrean Air Force and Eritrean Navy. The Army is by far the largest, followed by the Air Force and Navy. The Commander-in-Chief of the EDF is the President of Eritrea. Their military role stems from Eritrea's strategic geographical location, located on the Red Sea with a foothold on the Bab-el-Mandeb strait.
John Brownlow (priest)
John Brownlow  (4 July 1805 – 24 May 1882) was an Anglican priest in Ireland during the 19th century.

Brownlow was born in Dublin and educated at Trinity College, Dublin. He was for many years the incumbent at Ardbraccan; and Dean of Clonmacnoise  from 1862 until his death.

Ardbraccan
Ardbraccan (Irish: Ard Breacáin) is an ancient place of worship in County Meath, Ireland. It is the location of the former residence of the Roman Catholic, then, after the Reformation, the Church of Ireland Bishop of Meath. It was also a place of prominence in pre-Christian Pagan history . It is approximately 52 km (32 miles) from Dublin via the M3 Motorway, and 4 km (2.5 miles) from Navan.

Ardbraccan is in a civil parish and townland of the same name.
William James Reynolds
William James Reynolds (1856 – 23 May 1934) was an Irish nationalist politician and member of parliament (MP) in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.

He was elected as an Irish Parliamentary Party MP for the East Tyrone constituency at the 1885 general election, and was re-elected at the 1886 general election.

When the Irish Parliamentary Party split in 1890, he was an Anti-Parnellite and joined the Irish National Federation (INF) in 1891. He was re-elected as an INF MP at the 1892 general election. He did not contest the 1895 general election.

East Tyrone (UK Parliament constituency)
East Tyrone was a UK parliamentary constituency in Ireland. It returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the British House of Commons from 1885 to 1918.

Prior to the 1885 United Kingdom general election the area was part of the Tyrone constituency. From the dissolution of Parliament in 1918 East Tyrone became part of the new North East Tyrone constituency.
Siderokausia
Siderokausia (Greek: Σιδηροκαύσια; Ottoman Turkish: ﺳﻴﺪر َﻩ ﻗﺴﯽ, romanized: Sidrekapsi), was a silver and gold mine active in the Byzantine and Ottoman periods, located in the northeastern Chalkidiki peninsula in northern Greece. The settlements of the region are known to this day as Mademochoria (Μαντεμοχώρια, "mine villages"). In the Ottoman period, a coin mint was attached to the mine.

Ottoman Turkish alphabet
The Ottoman Turkish alphabet (Ottoman Turkish: الفبا, romanized: elifbâ) is a version of the Perso-Arabic script used to write Ottoman Turkish for over 600 years until 1928, when it was replaced by the Latin-based modern Turkish alphabet.

Though Ottoman Turkish was primarily written in this script, non-Muslim Ottoman subjects sometimes wrote it in other scripts, including Armenian, Greek, Latin and Hebrew alphabets.
Cameron McAuslan
Cameron Lachlan McAuslan (born 1 June 1998) is a Hong Kong cricketer.

McAuslan is based in New Zealand and attended Otago Boys' High School in Dunedin, being part of their 1st XI squad that finished third in The Secondary School Boys’ First XI Cup in December 2016. He was selected in the Hong Kong squad for 2017 Desert T20 Challenge. He made his One Day International (ODI) debut for Hong Kong against Scotland on 22 January 2017.

He made his first-class debut against Papua New Guinea in the 2015–17 ICC Intercontinental Cup on 29 November 2017.

In August 2018, he was named in Hong Kong's squad for the 2018 Asia Cup Qualifier tournament, and after Hong Kong won the qualifier tournament, in Hong Kong's squad for the 2018 Asia Cup. In November 2019, he was named in Hong Kong's squad for the 2019 ACC Emerging Teams Asia Cup in Bangladesh.

2019 ACC Emerging Teams Asia Cup
The 2019 ACC Emerging Teams Asia Cup was the fourth edition of the ACC Emerging Teams Asia Cup held in Bangladesh between 14 and 23 November 2019. Eight teams participated in the tournament, including five under-23 age level teams of Test nations and the top three teams from the 2018 Asia Cup Qualifier. The tournament was organized by the Asian Cricket Council (ACC). Nepal replaced the United Arab Emirates, after they pulled out due to an unknown reason. Nepal qualified by virtue of being fourth in the Asia Cup qualifier.

The two finalists, Pakistan and Bangladesh, remained undefeated until reaching the final. Pakistan won the tournament, beating Bangladesh by 77 runs in the final.
2018 Papa John's Pizza Tankard
The 2018 Papa John's Pizza Tankard, the provincial men's curling championship of New Brunswick was held February 7 to 11 in Miramichi, New Brunswick.  The winning James Grattan rink represented New Brunswick at the 2018 Tim Hortons Brier in Regina.

Miramichi, New Brunswick
Miramichi (/ˌmɛrəməˈʃiː/ /ˌmɪrəmɪˈʃiː/) is the largest city in northern New Brunswick, Canada. It is situated at the mouth of the Miramichi River where it enters Miramichi Bay. The Miramichi Valley is the second longest valley in New Brunswick, after the Saint John River Valley.

On 1 January 2023, Miramichi annexed parts of two local service districts on its northern border; revised census information has not been released.
Rostron
Rostron is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Arthur Rostron (1869–1940), master of the ocean liner RMS Carpathia

Kim Rostron (born 1974), English amateur golfer

Sidney Nowell Rostron (1883–1948), Church of England priest, theologian, and academic

Thurston Rostron, English footballer

Wilf Rostron (born 1956), English footballer

Arthur Rostron
Sir Arthur Henry Rostron KBE RD RNR (14 May 1869 – 4 November 1940) was a British merchant seaman and a seagoing officer for the Cunard Line. He is best known as the captain of the ocean liner RMS Carpathia, when she rescued the survivors from the RMS Titanic after the ship sank in 1912 in the middle of the North Atlantic Ocean.

Rostron won wide praise for his energetic efforts to reach the Titanic before she sank, and his efficient preparations for and conduct of the rescue of the survivors. He was awarded a Congressional Gold Medal by the United States Congress, and in 1926, he was appointed Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire. He rose to become the Commodore of the Cunard fleet and retired in 1931.
Zebra Puzzle
The Zebra Puzzle is a well-known logic puzzle. Many versions of the puzzle exist, including a version published in Life International magazine on December 17, 1962.  The March 25, 1963, issue of Life contained the solution and the names of several hundred successful solvers from around the world.

The puzzle is often called Einstein's Puzzle or Einstein's Riddle because it is said to have been invented by Albert Einstein as a boy; it is also sometimes attributed to Lewis Carroll. However, there is no evidence for either person's authorship, and the Life International version of the puzzle mentions brands of cigarettes that did not exist during Carroll's lifetime or Einstein's boyhood.

The Zebra puzzle has been used as a benchmark in the evaluation of computer algorithms for solving constraint satisfaction problems. More recently, it has been used as a benchmark for logical reasoning capabilities of large language models.

Benchmark (computing)
In computing, a benchmark is the act of running a computer program, a set of programs, or other operations, in order to assess the relative performance of an object, normally by running a number of standard tests and trials against it.

The term benchmark is also commonly utilized for the purposes of elaborately designed benchmarking programs themselves.

Benchmarking is usually associated with assessing performance characteristics of computer hardware, for example, the floating point operation performance of a CPU, but there are circumstances when the technique is also applicable to software. Software benchmarks are, for example, run against compilers or database management systems (DBMS).

Benchmarks provide a method of comparing the performance of various subsystems across different chip/system architectures. Benchmarking as a part of continuous integration is called Continuous Benchmarking.
Zwackhiomyces calcariae
Zwackhiomyces calcariae is a species of lichenicolous fungus in the family Xanthopyreniaceae. It was first formally described in 1896 by French lichenologist Camille Flagey, as Arthopyrenia calcariae. Josef Hafellner and Nikolaus Hoffmann transferred it to the genus Zwackhiomyces in 2000. The fungus is parasitic on lichens in genus Aspicilia.

Camille Flagey
Camille Flagey (1837–1898) was a French lichenologist who studied lichens in Algeria.

Flagey edited two exsiccatae, namely Lichens de Franche-Comté et de quelques localités environnantes, publiés par C. Flagey, ingenieur civil (1882-1888) and Lichenes Algerienses exsiccati (1891-1895).
Honey Lott
Benjamin "Honey" Lott (March 18, 1925 – September 10, 1980) was an American Negro league outfielder in the 1940s.

A native of Newark, New Jersey, Lott attended East Side High School and Florida Normal & Industrial Institute. He played for the New York Black Yankees in 1948, and played minor league baseball into the 1950s with such clubs as the Tulsa Oilers and the Colorado Springs Sky Sox. Lott died in Newark in 1980 at age 55.

Tulsa Oilers (baseball)
The Tulsa Oilers, located in Tulsa, Oklahoma, were a minor league baseball team that existed on-and-off in multiple leagues from 1905 to 1976. For most of their history, they played at Oiler Park, which opened on July 11, 1934, and was located on the Tulsa County Fairgrounds at 15th Street and Sandusky Avenue.
Cartland Craigs
Cartland Craigs (known locally as Cartland Crags) is a woodland on the outskirts of Lanark, South Lanarkshire, in Scotland. It is a national nature reserve and is one of six areas which together form the Clyde Valley Woodlands (the other five being Cleghorn Glen, Falls of Clyde, Chatelherault, Nethan Gorge and Mauldslie Woods). The reserve is maintained by Scottish Natural Heritage.

Cartland Craigs is adjacent to Cleghorn Glen and is the smaller of the two. The footpaths merge to form a 4.5 km walk. The Cartland Bridge is at the main Lanark entrance to the reserve and the Moose Bridge is between Cartland Craigs and Cleghorn Glen.

The remains of the Castle Qua fort lie on the reserve and can be seen from the footpath.

South Lanarkshire
South Lanarkshire (Scots: Sooth Lanrikshire; Scottish Gaelic: Siorrachd Lannraig a Deas) is one of 32 unitary authorities of Scotland. It borders the south-east of the Glasgow City council area and contains some of Greater Glasgow's suburban towns, as well as many rural towns and villages. It also shares borders with Dumfries and Galloway, East Ayrshire, East Renfrewshire, North Lanarkshire, the Scottish Borders and West Lothian. It includes most of the historic county of Lanarkshire.

The administrative centre of South Lanarkshire is Hamilton, with the seat of the local authority, South Lanarkshire Council, located at Lanark County Buildings.
Università "Italian University Line"
The Italian University Line (Italian: Università Telematica Degli Studi), often abbreviated as IUL, is a private distance-learning university founded in 2005 in Firenze, Italy. The school provides e-learning courses in centers throughout Italy.

Educational technology
Educational technology (commonly abbreviated as edutech or edtech) refers to the use of computer hardware, software, and educational theory and practice to facilitate learning and teaching. When referred to with its abbreviation, "EdTech", it often refers to the industry of companies that create educational technology. Scholars such as Tanner Mirrlees and Shahid Alvi (2019) have described the edtech industry as consisting largely of privately owned companies involved in producing and distributing educational technologies for commercial purposes.

In addition to the practical educational experience, educational technology is based on theoretical knowledge from various disciplines such as communication, education, psychology, sociology, artificial intelligence, and computer science. It encompasses several domains, including learning theory, computer-based training, online learning, and mobile learning (m-learning).
Jabra Al-Zarqa
Jabra Al-Zarqa is a former footballer. Born in Mandatory Palestine, he represented the Syria national team.

Al-Zarqa started his career at Shabab Al-Arab Haifa, where in 1945, after scoring a hat-trick in a 4–3 win against British army team Wanderers, he was offered a contract by Arsenal. After fleeing Haifa in 1948, Al-Zarqa played in Jordan for Al Ahli SC. He retired from football in 1960. He would also play for Shabiba Mazraa in Lebanon, and scored two goals in the 1951 Lebanese FA Cup final against Nejmeh.

He was part of Syria's team at the 1951 Mediterranean Games and helped them win the 1957 Arab Games. Al-Zarqa scored Syria's first ever goal in FIFA World Cup qualification, in a 1–1 draw with Sudan during 1958 FIFA World Cup qualification.

In March 2022, he was chosen by the IFFHS for their men's all-time Palestine dream team.

Football at the 1957 Arab Games
The 1957 Arab Games football tournament was the 2nd edition of the Arab Games men's football tournament. The football tournament was held in Beirut, Lebanon between 19–27 October 1957 as part of the 1957 Arab Games.
Rautio (surname)
Rautio is a Finnish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Karl Rautio (1889–1963), Finnish composer

Markus Rautio (1891–1973), Finnish radio journalist and presenter

Valdemar Rautio (1921–1973), Finnish triple jumper

Martti Rautio (1935–2017), Canadian cross-country skier

Maria Rautio (born 1957), Swedish cross-country skier

Nina Rautio (born 1957), Russian operatic soprano

Kai Rautio (born 1964), Finnish ice hockey player

David Rautio (born 1985), Swedish ice hockey player

Markus Rautio
Eino Markus Rautio (17 May 1891 – 14 February 1973), also known as Uncle Markus (Finnish: Markus-setä), was a Finnish radio journalist and presenter.

Between 1926 and 1956 he presented the children's radio show Children's Hour with Uncle Markus (Finnish: Markus-sedän lastentunti) on the National Radio of Finland.

On his show he said Father Christmas (Finnish: Joulupukki) lived in Lapland on Korvatunturi, on the basis that this was where he could hear everything to find out who was naughty and nice. The theme was later taken up by Mauri Kunnas in his books on Christmas, wherein Santa Claus lives in a remote village on the side of the Hill, with his elves and reindeer.

In 1958, Rautio received the recognition award of the Finnish Cultural Foundation, and in 1967, he was awarded the honorary title of Teatterineuvos (lit. 'Theatre Counselor').

Rautio was buried in Hietaniemi Cemetery.
Cultural depictions of spotted hyenas
The spotted hyena has a long history of interaction with humanity; depictions of the species exist from the Upper Paleolithic period, with carvings and paintings from the Lascaux and Chauvet Caves. The species has a largely negative reputation in both Western culture and African folklore. In the former, the species is mostly regarded as ugly and cowardly, while in the latter, it is viewed as greedy, gluttonous, stupid, and foolish, yet powerful and potentially dangerous. The majority of Western perceptions on the species can be found in the writings of Aristotle and Pliny the Elder, though in relatively unjudgmental form. Explicit, negative judgments occur in the Physiologus, where the animal is depicted as a hermaphrodite and grave-robber. The IUCN's hyena specialist group identifies the spotted hyena's negative reputation as detrimental to the species' continued survival, both in captivity and the wild.

African traditional religions
The beliefs and practices of African people are highly diverse, and include various ethnic religions. Generally, these traditions are oral rather than scriptural and are passed down from one generation to another through narratives, songs, myths, and festivals. They include beliefs in spirits and higher and lower gods, sometimes including a supreme being, as well as the veneration of the dead, use of magic, and traditional African medicine. Most religions can be described as animistic with various polytheistic and pantheistic aspects. The role of humanity is generally seen as one of harmonizing nature with the supernatural.
Search problem
In computational complexity theory and computability theory, a search problem is a computational problem of finding
an admissible answer for a given input value, provided that such an answer exists. In fact, a search problem is specified by a binary relation R where xRy if and only if "y is an admissible answer given x". Search problems frequently occur in graph theory and combinatorial optimization, e.g. searching for matchings, optional cliques, and stable sets in a given undirected graph.

An algorithm is said to solve a search problem if, for every input value x, 
it returns an admissible answer y for x when such an answer exists; otherwise, it returns any appropriate output, e.g. "not found" for x with no such answer.

Matching (graph theory)
In the mathematical discipline of graph theory, a matching or independent edge set in an undirected graph is a set of edges without common vertices. In other words, a subset of the edges is a matching if each vertex appears in at most one edge of that matching.

Finding a largest matching in a bipartite graph can be treated as a network flow problem.  Finding a largest matching in a general graph is much more difficult; it can be done using Edmonds' blossom algorithm.