hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
New Providence Presbyterian Church (Salvisa, Kentucky)
The New Providence Presbyterian Church near Salvisa, Kentucky is a historic Greek Revival-style church built between 1862 and 1865.  It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.

It is located 3 miles (4.8 km) south of Salvisa on U.S. Route 127, on the route of the Old Wilderness Road.

The church is one of the oldest Presbyterian churches in Kentucky.  It was organized in 1785 and was one of the founding churches of the Transylvania Presbytery in 1786.

U.S. Route 127
U.S. Route 127  (US 127) is a 758-mile-long (1,220 km) north–south U.S. Highway in the eastern half of the United States. The southern terminus of the route is at US 27 in Chattanooga, Tennessee. The northern terminus is at Interstate 75 (I-75) near Grayling, Michigan. Since 1987, it has been the core of the annual World's Longest Yard Sale, also known as the Highway 127 Corridor Sale (127 Yard Sale),  which now stretches 690 miles (1,110 km) from Addison, Michigan, to Gadsden, Alabama. The sale, held every August, was started to demonstrate that the older U.S. Highway System has something to offer that the Interstate Highway System does not. In Michigan, US 127 tripled in length in 2002, taking mileage from its parent, US 27.
Rainieri
Rainieri is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Fernando Rainieri (1940–2015), Dominican businessman, politician, and diplomat

Frank Rainieri (born 1945), Italian-born Dominican businessman

Rainerius, patron saint of Pisa

Fernando Rainieri
Fernando Rainieri Marranzini (1940 – October 6, 2015) was a tourism entrepreneur, minister and diplomat of the Dominican Republic. In 1986, the Dominican President Joaquin Balaguer appointed him Secretary of State (Minister) of Tourism of the Dominican Republic. He was director of the Institute for the Development of Tourism Infrastructure, president for the Americas of the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), secretary of the Board of the Roundtable of Commonwealth countries, as well as president of the Dominican chapter of the organization Save the Children.
Emmy Loose
Emmy Loose (22 January 1914 in Chabařovice – 14 October 1987 in Vienna) was an Austrian operatic soprano particularly associated with soubrette roles.

After vocal studies in Prague Conservatory, she made her stage debut in Hanover as Blonchen in Die Entführung aus dem Serail, in 1939. She first appeared at the Vienna State Opera in 1941, as Annchen in Der Freischütz, and remained with this theatre some 25 years, establishing herself in Mozart soubrette roles (Susanna, Zerlina, Despina).

She made guest appearances at the festivals of Salzburg, Aix-en-Provence, and Glyndebourne, at La Scala in Milan, the Royal Opera House in London, the Liceu in Barcelona, the San Carlo in Naples, the Munich State Opera, etc.

She took part in the creation of Gottfried von Einem's Der Besuch der alten Dame at the Vienna State Opera in 1971. She retired from the stage in 1979, and began teaching at the Vienna Music Academy and at the Sommerakademie in Salzburg.

Der Freischütz
Der Freischütz (J. 277, Op. 77 The Marksman or The Freeshooter) is a German opera with spoken dialogue in three acts by Carl Maria von Weber with a libretto by Friedrich Kind, based on a story by Johann August Apel and Friedrich Laun from their 1810 collection Gespensterbuch. It premiered on 18 June 1821 at the Schauspielhaus Berlin. It is considered the first German Romantic opera.

The opera's plot is mainly based on August Apel's tale "Der Freischütz" from the Gespensterbuch though the hermit, Kaspar and Ännchen are new to Kind's libretto. That Weber's tunes were just German folk music is a common misconception. Its unearthly portrayal of the supernatural in the famous Wolf's Glen scene has been described as "the most expressive rendering of the gruesome that is to be found in a musical score".
Gardini
Gardini is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Andrea Gardini (born 1965), Italian volleyball player

Carlos Gardini (1948–2017), Argentine translator and science fiction and fantasy writer

Davide Gardini (born 1999), Italian volleyball player

Elisabetta Gardini (born 1956), Italian actress and politician

Fausto Gardini (1930–2008), Italian tennis player

Laura Gardini (born 1952), Italian mathematician

Maria Pia Gardini (1936–2012), Italian entrepreneur and former Scientologist

Raul Gardini (1933–1993), Italian businessman

Renato Gardini (1889–1940), Italian wrestler

Laura Gardini
Laura Gardini (born 1952) is an Italian mathematician who studies chaos in dynamical systems, with applications in mathematical finance. She is professor in mathematics for economic applications at the University of Urbino.
Góralice
Góralice [ɡuraˈlit͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Trzcińsko-Zdrój, within Gryfino County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 4 km (2 mi) east of Trzcińsko-Zdrój, 34 km (21 mi) south of Gryfino, and 50 km (31 mi) south of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

The village has a population of 540.

Trzcińsko-Zdrój
Trzcińsko-Zdrój [ˈtʂt͡ɕiɲskɔ ˈzdrui̯] (German: Bad Schönfließ; Kashubian: Szénflét) is a town in Gryfino County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland, with 2,131 inhabitants (2023). It is also the centre of an urban-rural municipality with the same name, an area of about 170 km2 (66 sq mi), and about 5,000 inhabitants (2023). The medieval Old Town, surrounded by a system of defensive walls and towers, is situated on the Rurzyca River and the western shore of Trzygłowskie Lake.
Jerónimo de Ataíde
D. Jerónimo de Ataíde, 6th Count of Atouguia (1610 – 16 August 1665) was a Portuguese nobleman and colonial administrator, Governor-General of Brazil from 1654 to 1657.

Firstborn of D. Filipa de Vilhena and D. Luís de Ataíde, 3rd Count of Atouguia, he was one of the two brothers whom his famous mother armed with knights, sending them to fight to defend the independence of the country, becoming one of the brave noble restorers who carried out the coup d'état on 1 December 1640, and it is even said that he was one of those who entered Ribeira Palace, who went to the room of the traitor Miguel de Vasconcelos to kill him.

He was commander of Adaúfe and Vila Velha de Ródão, in the Order of Christ.

Portuguese Restoration War
The Restoration War between Portugal and Spain began with the Portuguese revolution of 1640 and ended with the Treaty of Lisbon in 1668, bringing a formal end to the Iberian Union.
The period from 1640 to 1668 was marked by periodic skirmishes between Portugal and Spain, as well as short episodes of more serious warfare, much of it occasioned by Spanish and Portuguese entanglements with non-Iberian powers. Spain was involved in the Thirty Years' War until 1648 and the Franco-Spanish War until 1659, while Portugal was involved in the Dutch–Portuguese War until 1663.

In the 17th century and afterwards, this period of sporadic conflict was simply known, in Portugal and elsewhere, as the Acclamation War. The war established the House of Braganza as Portugal's new ruling dynasty, replacing the House of Habsburg, which had been united with the Portuguese crown since the 1580 succession crisis.
Terra (German science fiction)
Terra is a series of science fiction novels published by Arthur Moewig Verlag, Munich. Together with the Utopia series of the rival publisher Erich Pabel Verlag, Rastatt the Terra series were the most important science fiction work in the post-World War II West Germany.

Rastatt
Rastatt (German pronunciation: [ˈʁaʃtat] ⓘ) is a town in the district of Rastatt, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is located in the Upper Rhine Plain, on the Murg River, 6 km (3.7 mi) above its junction with the Rhine. It has a Baroque core and a population of around 51,000 (2022). Rastatt was an important place during the War of the Spanish Succession (Treaty of Rastatt) and the Revolutions of 1848 in the German states.
Contrôle Optimisation et Calcul des Variations
Also known by its English title Control, Optimisation and Calculus of Variations (COCV), it is a journal published by EDP Sciences on behalf of Société de Mathématiques Appliquées et Industrielles (SMAI) that specializes in articles on control theory, optimization, optimal control and calculus of variations.

Mathematical optimization
Mathematical optimization (alternatively spelled optimisation) or mathematical programming is the selection of a best element, with regard to some criteria, from some set of available alternatives. It is generally divided into two subfields: discrete optimization and continuous optimization. Optimization problems arise in all quantitative disciplines from computer science and engineering to operations research and economics, and the development of solution methods has been of interest in mathematics for centuries.

In the more general approach, an optimization problem consists of maximizing or minimizing a real function by systematically choosing input values from within an allowed set and computing the value of the function. The generalization of optimization theory and techniques to other formulations constitutes a large area of applied mathematics.
Alexandre Obolensky
Alexandre Obolensky (1952–2018) was a Belgian painter, scenic designer and exhibition designer.

Obolensky was born in Brussels in 1952. He graduated from the Institut Saint-Luc in 1970. From 1978 he was employed as a set painter by La Monnaie, becoming an independent artist and designer in 1982. As a freelancer he worked for various theatres, ballets and operas, in several countries, including the Théâtre du Rond-Point in Paris. Together with François Schuiten he produced a number of murals, including La Tour Infinie in Louvain-la-Neuve (2010). The pair also worked together for Expo 2000 in Hanover and Expo 2005 in Aichi, and designed the exhibition space of Train World in Schaarbeek.

Institut Saint-Luc
50°49′30″N 4°21′00″E﻿ / ﻿50.825°N 4.35°E﻿ / 50.825; 4.35
The Institut Saint-Luc (French: [ɛ̃s.ti.ty sɛ̃.lyk]) is an arts school in Brussels, Belgium. It consists of six departments, with a total of 2,200 students and 430 employees, spread over five locations in Ixelles and Saint-Gilles.
Alfonso Ferrufino
Hugo Alfonso "Fierro" Ferrufino Valderrama (30 March 1942 – 24 September 2023) was a Bolivian sociologist, lawyer, and politician. A member of the Revolutionary Left Movement and the Free Bolivia Movement, he served as Minister of Government from 2003 to 2004.

Ferrufino was born in Cochabamba on 30 March 1942, and died on 24 September 2023, at the age of 81.

Ministry of Government (Bolivia)
The Ministry of Government (Spanish: Ministerio de Gobierno) is a ministry of the Plurinational State of Bolivia. It is tasked with regulating public policy. The current Minister of Government is Roberto Ríos since 20 May 2025.
Mkange
Mkange is an administrative ward in Chalinze District of Pwani Region in Tanzania. 
The ward covers an area of 939.5 km2 (362.7 sq mi), and has an average elevation of 250 m (820 ft). The ward is bordered by Pangani District to the north east and by Handeni District to the north west. Miono ward borders the ward directly to the west, and in the south the ward is bordered by Bagamoyo District. The eastern half of the ward is boarded by the Indian Ocean.

According to the 2012 census, the ward has a total population of 12,026. Mkange ward is the largest ward in Chalinze District and is also home to Saadani National Park, which covers the entire Chalinze coast, meaning Chalinze District has no direct access to the ocean. The Ward is also where the north half of the Wami River delta is located. Mkange ward is also where the Wami river also divides the border between Chalinze District and Bagamoyo District.

Bagamoyo District, Pwani
Bagamoyo District (Wilaya ya Bagamoyo, in Swahili) is one of eight administrative districts of Pwani Region in Tanzania. The district covers an area of 945 km2 (365 sq mi). The district is surrounded by the Chalinze District to the north and west, the Zanzibar Channel to the east, the Kibaha District to the south, and the Kinondoni District to the south-east in the Dar es Salaam Region. The district is comparable in size to the land area of Turks and Caicos Islands.  The district capital is Bagamoyo. As of 2022, the population of Bagamoyo district is 205,478.
Nittany Furnace
Nittany Furnace, known earlier as Valentine Furnace, was a hot blast iron furnace located in Spring Township, Centre County, Pennsylvania, United States. Placed in operation in 1888 on the site of an older furnace, it was an important feature of Bellefonte economic life until it closed in 1911, no longer able to compete with more modern steel producers.

Metallurgical furnace
A metallurgical furnace is an industrial furnace used to heat, melt, or otherwise process metals. Furnaces have been a central piece of equipment throughout the history of metallurgy; processing metals with heat is even its own engineering specialty known as pyrometallurgy.

One important furnace application, especially in iron and steel production, is smelting, where metal ores are reduced under high heat to separate the metal content from mineral gangue. The heat energy to fuel a furnace may be supplied directly by fuel combustion or by electricity. Different processes and the unique properties of specific metals and ores have led to many different furnace types.
South Fork Catawba River
The South Fork Catawba River (better known as the South Fork River) begins south of Hickory, North Carolina just northwest of the intersection of US Highway 321 and North Carolina Highway 10, at the confluence of the Henry Fork and Jacob Fork located adjacent to the east side of the Jacob Fork Newton City Park.  The South Fork Catawba River travels 48.5 miles, passing along the communities of Lincolnton, High Shoals, McAdenville, and Cramerton, to Lake Wylie where its now submerged confluence with the Catawba River lies near the North Carolina and South Carolina border.

Signage on roadways crossing the river acknowledge it as the "South Fork River".

The river is part of the Santee River Watershed.

U.S. Route 321
U.S. Route 321 (US 321) is a spur of U.S. Route 21.  It runs for 516.9 miles (831.9 km) from Hardeeville, South Carolina to Lenoir City, Tennessee; with both serving as southern termini. It reaches its northernmost point at Elizabethton, Tennessee, just northeast of Johnson City. Because of its unusual "north–south–north" routing, U.S. Route 321 intersects both Interstate 40 and U.S. Route 70 three separate times. The highway serves different roles in each state:  An alternate route to interstates in South Carolina, a major highway in North Carolina, and a scenic route in Tennessee.
Worldly Goods
Worldly Goods is a 1924 American silent comedy film directed by Paul Bern and written by Sophie Kerr and A. P. Younger. The film stars Agnes Ayres, Patrick H. O'Malley, Jr., Victor Varconi, Edythe Chapman, Bert Woodruff, Maude George, and Cecille Evans. The film was released on November 24, 1924, by Paramount Pictures.

Paul Bern
Paul Bern (born Paul Levy; December 3, 1889 – September 5, 1932) was a German-born American film director, screenwriter and producer for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM), where he became the assistant to producer Irving Thalberg. He helped launch the career of Jean Harlow, whom he married in July 1932; two months later, he was found dead of a gunshot wound, leaving what appeared to be a suicide note. Various alternative theories of his death have been proposed. MGM writer and film producer Samuel Marx believed that he was killed by his ex-common-law wife Dorothy Millette, who jumped to her death from a ferry two days afterward.
Liberty Pictures
Liberty Pictures was an American film production company of the 1930s. Part of Poverty Row, the company produced low-budget B pictures. It was one of two companies controlled by the producer M.H. Hoffman along with Allied Pictures.

The company produced its first film, Ex-Flame, loosely based on the Victorian novel East Lynne, in 1930. In 1935 the company was taken over by the larger Republic Pictures. When absorbing the company, Republic adopted the symbolic motif of Liberty Pictures - the Liberty Bell ringing in Philadelphia. This merger constituted an attempt by Herbert Yates to rationalize Poverty Row and create a ninth major studio.

East Lynne
East Lynne, or, The Earl's Daughter is an 1861 English sensation novel by Ellen Wood, writing as Mrs. Henry Wood. A Victorian-era bestseller, it is remembered chiefly for its elaborate and implausible plot centering on infidelity and double identities. There have been numerous stage and film adaptations.

The much-quoted line "Gone! And never called me mother!" (variant: "Dead! Dead! And never called me mother!") does not appear in the book; both variants come from later stage adaptations.

The book was originally serialised in The New Monthly Magazine between January 1860 and September 1861, and it was issued as a three-volume novel on 19 September 1861.
Gabriel Dupuy
Gabriel Dupuy (5 February 1840, Angouleme – 5 February 1913, Bordeaux) 
was a French entomologist, who specialised in Lepidoptera.

Depuy taught at École nationale d'Agriculture de Montpellier (Hérault). He studied the butterflies and moths of France notably Charente, Deux-Sèvres, Dordogne, and Gironde.

He was a Member of  the Société Entomologique de France.

Gironde
Gironde (/ʒɪˈrɒnd/ zhih-ROND, US usually /dʒɪˈ-/ jih-; French: [ʒiʁɔ̃d] ⓘ; Occitan: Gironda, pronounced [dʒiˈɾundɔ]) is the largest department in the southwestern French region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine. Named after the Gironde estuary, a major waterway, its prefecture is Bordeaux. In 2019, it had a population of 1,623,749. The famous Bordeaux wine region is in Gironde. It has six arrondissements, making it one of the departments with the most arrondissements (Nord also has six, while Pas-de-Calais has the most of any department, with seven).
Murray-Sunset National Park
The Murray-Sunset National Park is the second largest national park in Victoria, Australia, located in the Mallee district in the northwestern corner of the state, bordering South Australia. The 633,000-hectare (1,560,000-acre) national park is situated approximately 440 kilometres (270 mi) northwest of Melbourne and was proclaimed in 1991. It is in the northwestern corner of the state, bordering South Australia to the west and the Murray River to the north. The Sturt Highway passes through the northern part of the park, but most of the park is in the remote area between the Sturt Highway and the Mallee Highway, west of the Calder Highway.

Calder Highway
Calder Highway is a rural highway in Australia, linking Mildura and the Victoria/New South Wales border to Bendigo, in North Central Victoria. South of Bendigo, where the former highway has been upgraded to freeway-standard, Calder Freeway links to Melbourne, subsuming former alignments of Calder Highway; the Victorian Government completed the conversion to freeway standard from Melbourne to Bendigo on 20 April 2009.

Calder Alternate Highway connects to Calder Highway at either end – just north of Ravenswood, and at Marong – and provides a bypass west of Bendigo.
Martti Kellokumpu
Martti Markus Kellokumpu (born 29 November 1963 in Kemijärvi) is a Finnish former freestyle skier. Kellokumpu won bronze at the 1986 World Championship in Tignes, France.  In 1987, he won the overall World Cup competition. Kellokumpu won 11 Finnish championships in freestyle skiing between 1982 and 1988.

Kellokumpu graduated with a master's degree in art from the Aalto University School of Arts, Design and Architecture in 1992. He worked as a designer for Creadesign from 1992 to 1996, and as a freelance designer from 1996 to 2000. He joined Halti the outdoor brand in 2000 and worked as a clothing designer until 2003, when he became chief designer.

In 2014 he became the Chief designer and part owner of the Icelandic clothing brand ZO•ON Iceland which he founded together with Jon Erlendsson in 1994.

Martti Kellokumpu's mother is Ritva Kellokumpu a well known ski clothing designer in Finland.

FIS Freestyle World Ski Championships 1986
The 1986 FIS Freestyle World Ski Championships were held between February 2 and February 6 at the Tignes ski resort in France. The World Championships were the first to be held in the freestyle skiing discipline and featured both men's and women's events in the Moguls, Aerials, Acro Skiing and the Combined.
Energy policy of China
The People's Republic of China is both the world's largest energy consumer and the largest industrial country. China is currently the world's largest emitter of greenhouse gases, and coal in China is a major cause of global warming. China is also the world's largest renewable energy producer, and the largest producer of hydroelectricity, solar power and wind power in the world. The energy policy of China is connected to its industrial policy, where the goals of China's industrial production dictate its energy demand management.

Being a country that depends heavily on foreign petroleum import for both domestic consumption and as raw materials for light industry manufacturing, electrification is a huge component of the Chinese national energy policy.

Coal in China
The People's Republic of China is the largest producer and consumer of coal and coal power in the world. China produces approximately 4.8 billion tons of coal per year, over half of the global total.

In 2024, coal accounted for approximately 59% of China’s electricity generation, with wind, solar, hydro, and nuclear contributing most of the remainder. Specifically, wind and solar generated 10% and 9% of total electricity respectively, followed by hydropower (13%) and nuclear power (4%). The long-term impact of China's energy transition policies is projected to drastically reduce coal.
Harry Leonard Sawatzky
Harry Leonard Sawatzky (10 February 1931 – 30 April 2008) was a Canadian scholar in the field of human geography.

Sawatzky grew up in a traditional Plautdietsch-speaking Russian Mennonite community in southern Manitoba. He got his BA from the University of Manitoba in 1961. In 1963 he got his MA and in 1967 his PhD, both from the University of California, Berkeley. In 1963 he began his teaching at the University of Manitoba.

Human geography
Human geography, also known as anthropogeography, is a branch of geography that studies how people interact with places. It focuses on the spatial relationships between human communities, cultures, economies, people, lifestyle and their environments.  Examples include patterns like urban sprawl and urban redevelopment. It looks at how social interactions connect with the environment using both qualitative (descriptive) and quantitative (numerical) methods. This multidisciplinary field draws from sociology, anthropology, economics, and environmental science, helping build a more complete understanding of how human activity shapes the spaces we live in.